Repository: richard-peng-xia/MMed-RAG Branch: main Commit: 45ceed33eef4 Files: 283 Total size: 64.5 MB Directory structure: gitextract_tizp684z/ ├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── data/ │ ├── test/ │ │ ├── report/ │ │ │ ├── harvard_test.json │ │ │ ├── iuxray_test.json │ │ │ ├── mimic_test.json │ │ │ ├── pmc-oa_test.json │ │ │ └── quilt-1m_test.json │ │ └── vqa/ │ │ ├── harvard_test.jsonl │ │ ├── iuxray_test.jsonl │ │ ├── mimic_test.jsonl │ │ ├── pmc-oa_test.jsonl │ │ └── quilt-1m_test.jsonl │ └── training/ │ ├── alignment/ │ │ ├── ophthalmology/ │ │ │ ├── harvard_report.json │ │ │ └── harvard_vqa.json │ │ ├── pathology/ │ │ │ └── pathology_vqa.json │ │ └── radiology/ │ │ ├── radiology_report.json │ │ └── radiology_vqa.json │ └── retriever/ │ ├── ophthalmology/ │ │ ├── harvard_train_7000.json │ │ └── harvard_val_1000.json │ ├── pathology/ │ │ ├── pathology_train.json │ │ └── pathology_val.json │ └── radiology/ │ ├── radiology_train.json │ └── radiology_val.json ├── requirements.txt ├── scripts/ │ ├── finetune_clip.sh │ ├── retrieve_clip_VQA.sh │ ├── retrieve_clip_report.sh │ └── train_dpo_2stages.sh └── train/ ├── dpo/ │ ├── LICENSE │ ├── cog.yaml │ ├── dpo_trainer_2stages.py │ ├── llava/ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── constants.py │ │ ├── conversation.py │ │ ├── conversation_new.py │ │ ├── eval/ │ │ │ ├── eval_gpt_review.py │ │ │ ├── eval_gpt_review_bench.py │ │ │ ├── eval_gpt_review_visual.py │ │ │ ├── eval_pope.py │ │ │ ├── eval_science_qa.py │ │ │ ├── eval_science_qa_gpt4.py │ │ │ ├── eval_science_qa_gpt4_requery.py │ │ │ ├── eval_textvqa.py │ │ │ ├── generate_webpage_data_from_table.py │ │ │ ├── m4c_evaluator.py │ │ │ ├── model_qa.py │ │ │ ├── model_vqa.py │ │ │ ├── model_vqa_loader.py │ │ │ ├── model_vqa_mmbench.py │ │ │ ├── model_vqa_science.py │ │ │ ├── qa_baseline_gpt35.py │ │ │ ├── run_llava.py │ │ │ ├── summarize_gpt_review.py │ │ │ ├── table/ │ │ │ │ ├── answer/ │ │ │ │ │ ├── answer_alpaca-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ ├── answer_bard.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ ├── answer_gpt35.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ ├── answer_llama-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ └── answer_vicuna-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── caps_boxes_coco2014_val_80.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── model.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── prompt.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── question.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── results/ │ │ │ │ │ ├── test_sqa_llava_13b_v0.json │ │ │ │ │ └── test_sqa_llava_lcs_558k_sqa_12e_vicuna_v1_3_13b.json │ │ │ │ ├── review/ │ │ │ │ │ ├── review_alpaca-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ ├── review_bard_vicuna-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ ├── review_gpt35_vicuna-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ │ └── review_llama-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl │ │ │ │ ├── reviewer.jsonl │ │ │ │ └── rule.json │ │ │ └── webpage/ │ │ │ └── styles.css │ │ ├── mm_utils.py │ │ ├── model/ │ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ │ ├── apply_delta.py │ │ │ ├── builder.py │ │ │ ├── consolidate.py │ │ │ ├── language_model/ │ │ │ │ ├── llava_llama.py │ │ │ │ ├── llava_mistral.py │ │ │ │ └── llava_mpt.py │ │ │ ├── llava_arch.py │ │ │ ├── make_delta.py │ │ │ ├── multimodal_encoder/ │ │ │ │ ├── builder.py │ │ │ │ └── clip_encoder.py │ │ │ ├── multimodal_projector/ │ │ │ │ └── builder.py │ │ │ └── utils.py │ │ ├── serve/ │ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ │ ├── cli.py │ │ │ ├── controller.py │ │ │ ├── gradio_web_server.py │ │ │ ├── model_worker.py │ │ │ ├── register_worker.py │ │ │ ├── sglang_worker.py │ │ │ └── test_message.py │ │ ├── train/ │ │ │ ├── llama_flash_attn_monkey_patch.py │ │ │ ├── llama_xformers_attn_monkey_patch.py │ │ │ ├── llava_trainer.py │ │ │ ├── train.py │ │ │ ├── train_dpo.py │ │ │ ├── train_dpo_inherent.py │ │ │ ├── train_mem.py │ │ │ └── train_xformers.py │ │ └── utils.py │ ├── llava_trainer_2stages.py │ ├── povid_infer.py │ ├── predict.py │ ├── pyproject.toml │ ├── scripts/ │ │ ├── convert_gqa_for_eval.py │ │ ├── convert_mmbench_for_submission.py │ │ ├── convert_mmvet_for_eval.py │ │ ├── convert_seed_for_submission.py │ │ ├── convert_sqa_to_llava.py │ │ ├── convert_sqa_to_llava_base_prompt.py │ │ ├── convert_vizwiz_for_submission.py │ │ ├── convert_vqav2_for_submission.py │ │ ├── extract_mm_projector.py │ │ ├── finetune.sh │ │ ├── finetune_full_schedule.sh │ │ ├── finetune_lora.sh │ │ ├── finetune_qlora.sh │ │ ├── finetune_sqa.sh │ │ ├── merge_lora_weights.py │ │ ├── pretrain.sh │ │ ├── pretrain_xformers.sh │ │ ├── run_povid.sh │ │ ├── sqa_eval_batch.sh │ │ ├── sqa_eval_gather.sh │ │ ├── upload_pypi.sh │ │ ├── v1_5/ │ │ │ ├── eval/ │ │ │ │ ├── gqa.sh │ │ │ │ ├── llavabench.sh │ │ │ │ ├── mmbench.sh │ │ │ │ ├── mmbench_cn.sh │ │ │ │ ├── mme.sh │ │ │ │ ├── mmvet.sh │ │ │ │ ├── pope.sh │ │ │ │ ├── qbench.sh │ │ │ │ ├── qbench_zh.sh │ │ │ │ ├── seed.sh │ │ │ │ ├── sqa.sh │ │ │ │ ├── textvqa.sh │ │ │ │ ├── vizwiz.sh │ │ │ │ └── vqav2.sh │ │ │ ├── finetune.sh │ │ │ ├── finetune_lora.sh │ │ │ ├── finetune_task.sh │ │ │ ├── finetune_task_lora.sh │ │ │ └── pretrain.sh │ │ ├── zero2.json │ │ ├── zero3.json │ │ └── zero3_offload.json │ ├── tool/ │ │ ├── dpo_trainer.py │ │ └── dpo_trainer_inherent.py │ └── train_dpo_2stages.py └── open_clip/ ├── CITATION.cff ├── HISTORY.md ├── LICENSE ├── MANIFEST.in ├── setup.py └── src/ ├── open_clip/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── big_vision.py │ ├── coca_model.py │ ├── constants.py │ ├── factory.py │ ├── hf_configs.py │ ├── hf_model.py │ ├── loss.py │ ├── model.py │ ├── model_configs/ │ │ ├── EVA01-g-14-plus.json │ │ ├── EVA01-g-14.json │ │ ├── EVA02-B-16.json │ │ ├── EVA02-E-14-plus.json │ │ ├── EVA02-E-14.json │ │ ├── EVA02-L-14-336.json │ │ ├── EVA02-L-14.json │ │ ├── RN101-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── RN101.json │ │ ├── RN50-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── RN50.json │ │ ├── RN50x16.json │ │ ├── RN50x4.json │ │ ├── RN50x64.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-SigLIP-256.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-SigLIP-384.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-SigLIP-512.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-SigLIP-i18n-256.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-SigLIP.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-plus-240.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-plus.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-16.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-32-256.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-32-plus-256.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-32-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── ViT-B-32.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-14-378-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-14-CLIPA-336.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-14-CLIPA.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-14-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-14.json │ │ ├── ViT-H-16.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14-280.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14-336.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14-CLIPA-336.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14-CLIPA.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14-quickgelu.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-14.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-16-320.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-16-SigLIP-256.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-16-SigLIP-384.json │ │ ├── ViT-L-16.json │ │ ├── ViT-M-16-alt.json │ │ ├── ViT-M-16.json │ │ ├── ViT-M-32-alt.json │ │ ├── ViT-M-32.json │ │ ├── ViT-S-16-alt.json │ │ ├── ViT-S-16.json │ │ ├── ViT-S-32-alt.json │ │ ├── ViT-S-32.json │ │ ├── ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP-384.json │ │ ├── ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP.json │ │ ├── ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA-336.json │ │ ├── ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA.json │ │ ├── ViT-bigG-14.json │ │ ├── ViT-e-14.json │ │ ├── ViT-g-14.json │ │ ├── coca_ViT-B-32.json │ │ ├── coca_ViT-L-14.json │ │ ├── coca_base.json │ │ ├── coca_roberta-ViT-B-32.json │ │ ├── convnext_base.json │ │ ├── convnext_base_w.json │ │ ├── convnext_base_w_320.json │ │ ├── convnext_large.json │ │ ├── convnext_large_d.json │ │ ├── convnext_large_d_320.json │ │ ├── convnext_small.json │ │ ├── convnext_tiny.json │ │ ├── convnext_xlarge.json │ │ ├── convnext_xxlarge.json │ │ ├── convnext_xxlarge_320.json │ │ ├── mt5-base-ViT-B-32.json │ │ ├── mt5-xl-ViT-H-14.json │ │ ├── nllb-clip-base-siglip.json │ │ ├── nllb-clip-base.json │ │ ├── nllb-clip-large-siglip.json │ │ ├── nllb-clip-large.json │ │ ├── roberta-ViT-B-32.json │ │ ├── swin_base_patch4_window7_224.json │ │ ├── vit_medium_patch16_gap_256.json │ │ ├── vit_relpos_medium_patch16_cls_224.json │ │ ├── xlm-roberta-base-ViT-B-32.json │ │ └── xlm-roberta-large-ViT-H-14.json │ ├── modified_resnet.py │ ├── openai.py │ ├── pos_embed.py │ ├── pretrained.py │ ├── push_to_hf_hub.py │ ├── timm_model.py │ ├── tokenizer.py │ ├── transform.py │ ├── transformer.py │ ├── utils.py │ ├── version.py │ ├── zero_shot_classifier.py │ └── zero_shot_metadata.py ├── retrieve_clip_VQA.py ├── retrieve_clip_report.py └── training/ ├── .gitignore ├── __init__.py ├── data.py ├── distributed.py ├── file_utils.py ├── logger.py ├── main.py ├── main_feature-work.py ├── main_retrieve_report.py ├── main_retrieve_report_harvard.py ├── params.py ├── precision.py ├── profiler.py ├── scheduler.py ├── train.py └── zero_shot.py ================================================ FILE CONTENTS ================================================ ================================================ FILE: .gitignore ================================================ backup train/open_clip/.github train/open_clip/.gitignore train/open_clip/docs train/open_clip/scripts train/dpo/playground # train/dpo/scripts train/dpo/docs train/dpo/wandb train/open_clip/README.md ================================================ FILE: LICENSE ================================================ MIT License Copyright (c) 2024 Peng "Richard" Xia Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. ================================================ FILE: README.md ================================================ # MMed-RAG: Versatile Multimodal RAG System for Medical Vision Language Models We introduce MMed-RAG, a powerful multimodal RAG system that boosts the factuality of Medical Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) by up to 43.8%! 🩺     [[Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13085)] [[X(Twitter)](https://x.com/HuaxiuYaoML/status/1847097594641584574)] ## 🚀 News - [01/22/2025] MMed-RAG is accepted by ICLR 2025! - [12/08/2024] The training scripts are released! - [10/20/2024] The whole data is released in `data/`! Check it out! - [10/18/2024] The manuscript can be found on [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13085). ## 💡 Overview MMed-RAG enhances alignment across medical domains like radiology, pathology, and ophthalmology with a domain-aware retrieval mechanism. And it tackles three key challenges in alignment of multimodal RAG: 1️⃣ Direct Copy Homework from Others❌ Think it by Self ✅ MMed-RAG helps Med-LVLMs avoid blindly copying external information by encouraging the model to rely on its own visual reasoning when solving complex problems. 2️⃣ Cannot Solve Problems by Self❌ Learn How to Copy ✅ When Med-LVLMs are unsure, MMed-RAG teaches the model to intelligently use retrieved knowledge, pulling in the right information at the right time, boosting accuracy, and reducing errors. 3️⃣ Copied Homework is Wrong❌ Avoid Interference from Incorrect Homework ✅ MMed-RAG prevents models from being misled by incorrect retrievals, reducing the risk of generating inaccurate medical diagnoses.
## 📦 Requirements 1. Clone this repository and navigate to MMed-RAG folder ```bash git clone https://github.com/richard-peng-xia/MMed-RAG.git cd MMed-RAG ``` 2. Install Package: Create conda environment ```Shell conda create -n MMed-RAG python=3.10 -y conda activate MMed-RAG cd MMed-RAG pip install --upgrade pip # enable PEP 660 support pip install -r requirements.txt pip install trl ``` 3. Download the required model checkpoints [LLaVA-Med-1.5](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/llava-med-v1.5-mistral-7b) from huggingface. 4. For all the medical datasets, you need firstly apply for the right of access and then download the dataset. - [MIMIC-CXR](https://physionet.org/content/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/) - [IU-Xray](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c0BXEuDy8Cmm2jfN0YYGkQxFZd2ZIoLg/view) (Thanks to [R2GenGPT](https://github.com/wang-zhanyu/R2GenGPT) for sharing the file) - [Harvard-FairVLMed](https://ophai.hms.harvard.edu/datasets/harvard-fairvlmed10k/) - [PMC-OA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/axiong/pmc_oa) - [Quilt-1M](https://github.com/wisdomikezogwo/quilt1m) ## 📖 Data Description We provide a corresponding json or jsonl file for each dataset, including the image path, question, answer, and original report. - Training: The data used to train the retriever and fine-tune the Med-LVLM are located in `data/training/retriever/MODALITY` and `data/training/alignment/MODALITY` respectively. Each folder contains data for VQA or report generation tasks. - Test: All the test data for Med-LVLMs is placed under `data/test/TASK/MODALITY`. `TASK`: report/vqa, `MODALITY`: radiology/pathology/ophthalmology. ## 🏋️ Train ### Retriver Fine-tuning Use the following script, make sure to specify the data paths and the checkpoint saving location. ``` bash ./scripts/finetune_clip.sh ``` ### Preference Fine-tuning Use the script `train_dpo_2stages.sh` in `./script` or the following command, make sure to specify the necessary data paths and the checkpoint saving location. ``` deepspeed --include localhost:0,1,2,3 ./train/dpo/train_dpo_2stages.py \ --model_name_or_path /path/to/llava-med_model_checkpoint \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --version v1 \ --lora_enable True --lora_r 128 --lora_alpha 256 --mm_projector_lr 2e-5 \ --data_path /path/to/data_json \ --image_folder /path/to/img_folder \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir /path/to/output_checkpoint_saving_location \ --num_train_epochs 3 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 1\ --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 200 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 1e-7 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --report_to wandb \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 1024 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ ``` ## 🥖 Retrieve Use `retrieve_clip_report.sh` or `retrieve_clip_VQA.sh` to retrieve reports for report generation or VQA task. The script uses Harvard-FairVLMed dataset as an example. Make sure to specify the necessary data paths and the saving location. ## 📅 Schedule - [x] Release the data (VQA and report generation tasks) - [x] Release the training code ## 📚Citation ```bibtex @article{xia2024mmedrag, title={MMed-RAG: Versatile Multimodal RAG System for Medical Vision Language Models}, author={Xia, Peng and Zhu, Kangyu and Li, Haoran and Wang, Tianze and Shi, Weijia and Wang, Sheng and Zhang, Linjun and Zou, James and Yao, Huaxiu}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.13085}, year={2024} } ``` ## 🙏Acknowledgement We use code from [LLaVA-Med](https://github.com/microsoft/LLaVA-Med), [RULE](https://github.com/richard-peng-xia/RULE), [CARES](https://github.com/richard-peng-xia/CARES). We thank the authors for releasing their code. ================================================ FILE: data/test/report/harvard_test.json ================================================ [ { "id": "data_08003", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08003.jpg", "filename": "data_08003.npz", "report": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 86.74, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08008", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "filename": "data_08008.npz", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.", "age": 39.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "erythromycin (romycin) ophthalmic ointment place 0.5 inches into the right eye 4 (four) times a day. your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME goiter rheumatoid arthritis hemorrhoids fatigue vitamin d deficiency antinuclear factor positive fibromyalgia carpal tunnel syndrome thrombophlebitis disorder of thyroid premenopausal menorrhagia irregular menses contraception management results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08009", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "filename": "data_08009.npz", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration.", "age": 67.09, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "question ltg? risks include c/d asym iop is wnl, PERSON is -2, -3. oct rnfl shows thin superior ou, thin temporal os hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects os only, PERSON denies migraine required transfution ?chronic anemia from bleeding denies history of trauma, PERSON no apd patient reports pcp is following for borderline dmii hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 5.7 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. mild combined forms of age related cataract ou continue to observe. fmhx of macular degeneration mother progressed to blindness before passed away mom was a smoker pvd od no holes/tears/breaks seen on exam. warned pt of rd symptoms. pt will rtc if they experience new/worsening symptoms or rd/rt symptoms. hyperopia ou w/ astigmatism od and presbyopia ou otc sheet given refer to glaucoma service in DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08010", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "filename": "data_08010.npz", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 44.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "44 y.o. with PERSON / dry eye > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation pinguecula ou > artificial tears optic disc cupping ou - no family hx - photos DATE_TIME - cct 531/527 - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, nonspecific defects, essentially full ou DATE_TIME nonspecific defects ou DATE_TIME od borderline reliable, essentially full os borderline reliable inferior and paracentral defects - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: reliable ou, PERSON, os with superior thinning, borderline temporal thinning DATE_TIME od wnl os with superior thinning, borderline temporal thinning DATE_TIME 83/74 od wnl os with superior thinning, borderline temporal thinning PERSON today 10/10 > monitor for now, iop good off medication vitreous syneresis > no retinal breaks/ detachment fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08013", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "filename": "data_08013.npz", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care.", "age": 64.7, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "patient is disappointed with result from surgery because vision 'didn't improve,' but i explained vision is limited by his severe glaucoma. i never promised/guaranteed outcomes to the patient, but he seems to have misunderstood our initial conversations before surgery. he also said he searched for second opinion in LOCATION, LOCATION, which i applauded. doctor there said he would 'adjust' something, but it's unclear to me what that means. ultimately i said it was ok to change providers (he had researched dr. PERSONon), but he said he'd give me 'one more try.' -scheduled to see dr. PERSON to establish eyelid care DATE_TIME. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care => will try to coordinate appointment as of DATE_TIME. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for mrx and low-vision care. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 10-2 od and hvf 24-2 os, sooner prn. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08016", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "filename": "data_08016.npz", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned.", "age": 65.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "65 yo wf self referral, was seen prior by dr. PERSON poor. followed for DATE_TIME as glaucoma suspect. no fh, + sulfa allergy, no asthma, + trauma (as a child falls, soft ball injury (teeth), had car accident priror) 1. open angle glaucoma suspect ou - cct 539 ou - gonio ou: open ou, slightly narrow, but no iop change after dilation. - t max high teens per records. DATE_TIME mid teens without rx. - hvf full ou and oct with stable vertical thinning od and full os (stable per reviewing prior records) - long discussion was done about the nature of the disease, visual prognosis and management options at this stage, patient voiced understanding, all questions were answered. considering stable changes od on LOCATION/o multiple trauma prior, possible traumatic neuropathy od, will observe for now without glaucoma rx. r/b of observation vs prophylactic tx od discussed. rtc: DATE_TIME for iop, gonio, hvf ou, dialate ou, oct ou plan: observe without rx 2. early cataracts ou - nvs observe 3. myopia ou - ok with glasses, observe - dfe DATE_TIME - no holes or tears.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08019", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08019.jpg", "filename": "data_08019.npz", "report": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns.", "age": 67.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) the left eye DATE_TIME brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) the left eye 2x/day prednisolone 1 (white or pink) the right eye 1x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication (topical steroid) include: prednisolone acetate, pred forte, durezol, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, loteprednol, fluorometholone. prednisolone should be shaken 20 times before placing it in the eye. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON avoid rubbing the operated eye for at least 4 full weeks. keep shield over operated eye at bedtime until instructed by medical doctor (usually DATE_TIME). no bending, straining or lifting anything heavier than 5 pounds until the doctor indicates it. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call. please bring this to your next visit.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08021", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08021.jpg", "filename": "data_08021.npz", "report": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes.", "age": 68.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, former pasquale patient diagnosis:primary open angle glaucoma, amblyopia left eye (et) target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 25 central corneal thickness: / 540 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: mostly normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: thin nfl visual fields on initial visit right eye: non-specific visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior arcuate medication history and intolerances: initially latanoprost glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction other eye problems right eye: lattice other eye problems left eye: amblyopia, lattice family history: mother (94), steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: plan: \u00ff appears stable, check in DATE_TIME, vf and dilate", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08022", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "filename": "data_08022.npz", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. ", "age": 55.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME self referred for second opinion diagnosis: low tension glaucoma dx DATE_TIME target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 19 ( ) / 20 ( ) set target empirically, limited data goal may not need to be this low, especially od central corneal thickness: 533.533.533 / 531.531.531 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: no definite thinning, although trend on oct rnfl optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: focal superior thinning. visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: inferior nasal step, LOCATION medication history and intolerances: PERSON bid ou - pt reports too expensive latanoprost qhs ou glaucoma procedures right eye : none glaucoma procedures left eye : none other eye procedures: none family history: no glaucoma niece with retinal PERSON steroids: no trauma/eye surgery: none plan: stop combigan start timoptic start brimonidine continue latanoprost DATE_TIME dfe if iop still above goal next visit consider slt laser vs adding dorzolamide.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. ", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08024", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08024.jpg", "filename": "data_08024.npz", "report": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Requested to mail clinical note to specific person and location.", "age": 61.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. can you please mail a copy of my note to PERSON PERSON at LOCATION? thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Requested to mail clinical note to specific person and location.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08032", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "filename": "data_08032.npz", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.", "age": 61.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 y.o. male presents for a comprehensive eye exam. he was last seen by me DATE_TIME. PERSON: ocular hypertension, father with possible glaucoma pmhx: htn since the last visit he notes in the morning he sees a white ring around his peripheral vision that then clears up. difficulty driving with current rx for distance. assessment/plan: # glaucoma suspect/ohtn - glaucoma suspect based on family history and iop , c/d - iop - 29/32 on intake, rechecked to be 23/26 - tmax - unknown, mid to high 20s per patient - cct - 590/596 thick ou - c/d - 0.35. 0.35 - gonio - open to cbb ou - family history - possibly father later in life - last hvf performed - not done yet - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - full ou, increased c/d but healthy rnfl - fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy due to high eye pressure and results of ohts trial - return in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl, gonio before dilation # incipient senile cataract # myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - va 20/20 ou with current rx - can continue current rx - small change in rx without improvement in visual acuity rtc DATE_TIME or sooner prn with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl - no dilation PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08035", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "filename": "data_08035.npz", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment.", "age": 76.43, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "76 yo patient pmh depression, htn, breast ca last seen by me DATE_TIME \u00ff cataract od - starting to become visually significant; pt denies any difficulty with vision and no significant anisometropia - observe for now \u00ff pseudophakia os s/p ce/iol DATE_TIME at LOCATION - doing well \u00ff glaucoma - recently diagnosed at LOCATION and started on latanoprost ou qhs - iop DATE_TIME, 13 previously 15 - no family history of glaucoma - gonio DATE_TIME open to ss 4 quadrants ou - cct 500, 495- iop likely higher than measured - rnfl DATE_TIME:poor signal strength; ? inferior thinning ou - rnfl DATE_TIME: poor quality nerve and gca - hvf 9/19: os scattered deficits; od dense PERSON tracking turned off but per technicians poor ability to cooperate and so may be unreliable - hvf DATE_TIME: od 3/12 fl, dense superonasal quandrantic defect that persists from last scan os: scattered inferior and nasal defects; no evidence of homonymous defect - disc photos DATE_TIME: c/d 0.6 ou, full LOCATION, os with some superior thinning; normal vessels and visible macula - dfe DATE_TIME wnl - plan: refer to glaucoma. i asked her to bring PERSON records to visit (i do not have these or know the history of her glaucoma diagnosis.) iop is ok, but i am concerned about the persistent hvf defect. of note, the defect is dense and quadrantic, respecting horizontal and vertical meridiens, but does not appear to be homonymous \u00ff allergic conjunctivitis - continue to use zatditor prn \u00ff conjunctival pigment - observe in the setting of xalatan \u00ff patient to followup with urgent changes as needed; otherwise see glaucoma next available and will return in 6 m with me _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08040", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "filename": "data_08040.npz", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation.", "age": 62.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "62f # blepharitis -uses ocusoft wipes with great improvement >PERSON >warm compresses >omega 3 fa >at prn # refractive: wears multifocal contact lenses, and progressives. very happy >refer to optometry for cl eval # glaucoma suspect: increased c/d ratio -normal iop, no history of steroid medications, no fhx -pachy 530/530 -disc photos DATE_TIME -oct DATE_TIME: od borderline changes; os thinning superiorly -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou >follow DATE_TIME for now rtc DATE_TIME: coe, hvf, oct disc", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08047", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "filename": "data_08047.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF.", "age": 40.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: hx ambly os (20/70 bcva) no hiv retinopathy cupping od>os, vertical notch od. iop highly elevated DATE_TIME. open on gonio. rnfl with progressive thinning od, hvf normal -cct 560s ou previously -administered cosopt and brimonidine x1 ou in clinic small ch nevus od refr error plan: cosopt bid ou referral to glaucoma rx=m yrly cos", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08049", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08049.jpg", "filename": "data_08049.npz", "report": "This clinical note does not provide any medical information or mention the presence of glaucoma. It primarily guides on account activation in a newly developed portal.", "age": 62.46, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "This clinical note does not provide any medical information or mention the presence of glaucoma. It primarily guides on account activation in a newly developed portal.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08050", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "filename": "data_08050.npz", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit.", "age": 71.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "and presbyopia, both eyes -stable. 6. social/systemic issues: patient referred to clinic after ed visit on DATE_TIME. i requested the patient to transfer any relevant medical records concerning her glaucoma. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on timolol bid od, LOCATION bid od and s/p phaco/xen gel stent os. -decrease LOCATION to qhs ou (from bid od) to control iop od and keep iop in the very low teens os. -continue ocudose bid od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop above goal os and numerous allergies os, we proceeded with phaco/open xen gel stent os with 3-piece in the bag (li) due to pxf on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, bat od, optical biometry ou, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. strongly consider phaco/xen od next visit. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08054", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "filename": "data_08054.npz", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 68.25, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "68 y.o. with gerd, hypertension ocular hypertension ou - tcurrent: 16/16 - t previous: 26/23, 18/17 - tmax: 26/23 - tgoal: - c/d ratio: 0.5/0.5 - gonioscopy: open ou - central corneal thickness: DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME 84/87 wnl both eyes DATE_TIME 86/88 wnl ou - hvf: DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full both eyes DATE_TIME od full os high fp, nonspecific defects - family history: +mother - race: aa - optic nerve photos >? iop better/stable on latanoprost ou, continue immature cataract ou - not visually significant > observe dry eye - has occ burning, itching. better on artificial tears refractive error - no change fu DATE_TIME mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08055", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "filename": "data_08055.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check.", "age": 75.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "only. -continue e-mycin qhs os as needed for comfort. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously.*** -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: patient has given a lot of thought to the different types of glaucoma surgery (and whether to have it or not given stable hvf), and given the need of 5 agents to control iop os (some of which are causing severe irritation), she proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf ou, dilation ou, and oct rnfl/gcc os only by experienced technician (please try to obtain 9/10 signal strength), sooner prn. DATE_TIME iop disc the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08056", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08056.jpg", "filename": "data_08056.npz", "report": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.99, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME, visual field to be performed on the left eye only with lid taping 2. monocular precautions 1. follow up in neuro-op in DATE_TIME, visual field to be performed on the left eye only with lid taping 2. monocular precautions this note was prepared.", "gpt4_summary": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08057", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "filename": "data_08057.npz", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "subjective PERSON given assessment and plan \u00ff suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od: - near circumferential on exam - per patient, has had enlarging blind spot on recent visual fields over DATE_TIME, has been followed at spindell eye, optometrist following concerned by visual field changes and told to come here - cos referral, would recommend obtaining baseline photos and visual field; in the interim, instructed patient to bring all records to this appointment PERSON, PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME \u00ff PERSON, PERSONE DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08058", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "filename": "data_08058.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes.", "age": 72.18, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency PERSON (teal)6 both eyes 1x/night timolol/brimonidine** (dark blue) the right eye 3x/day dorzolamide (orange)& both eyes 3x/day netarsudil (white)4 the right eye 1x/night preservative free artificial tears both eyes 6-8x/day as needed \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. ** this medication is also known as combigan, and it represents a combination of timolol and brimonidine. & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08066", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "filename": "data_08066.npz", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now.", "age": 69.8, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "69 y.o. male # dry eyes / blepharitis >at qid prn >warm compresses >omega-3 fatty acids >consider doxy # ocular hypertension ou -neg fhx -cct 594 / 606 -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou >discussed monitoring vs starting drops. monitor for now. # cataract ou -not visually significant >monitor # refractive error >mrx given DATE_TIME f/u DATE_TIME: gonio, iop", "gpt4_summary": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08068", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "filename": "data_08068.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol.", "age": 52.86, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma suspect risks are myopia. iop is wnl, t corr is +3 ou. c/d - 0.4. 0.5 no fmhx. oct onh nfl wnl ou, gcl PERSON unreliable possible artifact LOCATION. hvf 24-2 watch inferior od wnl os DATE_TIME. myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia new rx given. warned of rd symptoms. cataracts ou multifocal PERSON with PERSON. states he does not wear his scl anywhere. observe. mild corneal arcus h/o borderline high cholesterol. observe. f/u in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08073", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "filename": "data_08073.npz", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure.", "age": 56.51, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "here for second opinion on DATE_TIME (referred by a patient of mine, ms. PERSON). attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on zioptan qhs os, PERSON, and s/p xen gel stent os. -continue PERSON -continue zioptan qhs os. -restart rhopressa qhs os. -hold PERSON> sample given on DATE_TIME. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given elevated iop os on close to mtmtx and desire to minimize eye drop burden, we proceeded with open xen gel stent os on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. in future, we could try ocudose bid os, or pf cosopt bid os only (maybe branded PERSON as well). we may want to consider bgi os if iop still above goal and especially if progression demonstrated given numerous intolerances to medication. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08075", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "filename": "data_08075.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery.", "age": 50.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "cos clinic note assessment/plan: 1. glaucoma suspect due to cupping -full hvf at baseline, full rnfl -iop acceptable for now 2. myopic astigmatism -rx prn 3. diabetes type 1 without retinopathy ou -bg control -annual dfe 4. silent sinus syndrome -scheduled for surgery (ent) at DATE_TIME -pre-operative hertels exophthalmetry shows between 2-3mm enophthalmos of the right eye -follow-up after recovery from surgery to monitor degree of enophthalmos -report sent to dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME after sinus surgery for undilated exam", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08077", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "filename": "data_08077.npz", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up.", "age": 38.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient referred by outside optometrist, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME # ohtn # open angle glaucoma suspect low risk od, low risk os risk factors: positive family history of glaucoma or blindness (mother with pigmentary dispersion), positive history of longterm steroids (steroid cream for eczema since ~2020), negative history of eye trauma (k abrasions only) central corneal thickness: 442 / 446 (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: open ou tmax: ( ) / ( ) target iop: / refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: negative history of asthma negative history of bradycardia negative sulfa allergy negative history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: #social: pt is pediatrician at Institution (nicu) #hx k abraision x 2 - once was a scratch and the other was a chemical in the eye/ lab related - unclear laterality # systemic: anxiety, svt s/p ablation plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (3:04 pm) right left pressure 23 23 discussed the natural history of glaucoma, diagnosis of glaucoma supspect, and the importance of follow up. paracentral defects both eyes left eye is superior and right eye is inferior which does correspond to thinning on optical coherence tomography. last dilated exam: DATE_TIME rnfl:DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with dilated fundus exam, disc photos, PERSON, and please check wrx (just read the glasses that she is wearing please)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08078", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08078.jpg", "filename": "data_08078.npz", "report": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned.", "age": 64.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pvd od mild cataract ou cupping ou--appears to be physiologic; +fh gl testing stable, wnl shallow ac; angles open by gonio refr error plan: yrly sooner prn j NRP, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08083", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "filename": "data_08083.npz", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered.", "age": 65.06, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "madeline a PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female ref for second opinion following recent glaucoma surgery in the left eye with PERSON eye history, from notes: s/p iridocyclitis os s/p bleb revision w mmc, 5fu and PERSON well s/p slt os (temp 1/2) pseudophakia ou s/p argon laser NRP os hyperopia astigmatism presbyopia posterior vitreous detachment od h/o suprachoroidal hemorrhage os myopia astigmatism presbyopia 1. open angle glaucoma ou s/p trab DATE_TIME, s/p bleb revision os DATE_TIME dr. PERSON at ocb, performed due to hypotony-->iop has improved hvf 9/17 early nasal changes od since DATE_TIME (prior to that ess full); os sa stable since DATE_TIME with inferior thinning ou + asthma travatan qhs od 2. pseudophakia ou plan: discussed current presentation and prognosis in detail, all questions answered. travatan qhs od dc pred PERSON is borderline in od and trending up in os. goal is likely mid teens od, low teens os. repeat iop check after stopping prednisolone--if not at goal, consider additional agent ou (vs slt od/gtt os) rtc sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08096", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "filename": "data_08096.npz", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "total) by mouth DATE_TIME. econazole nitrate 1 % cream (taking) apply topically DATE_TIME. sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur (prascion) 10-5 % (w/w) clsr (taking) apply topically 2 (two) times a day. valacyclovir (valtrex) 1000 mg tablet (taking) take 2 tablets (2,000 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. x DATE_TIME only, as needed for cold sores PERSON DATE_TIME as needed acetaminophen-codeine (tylenol-codeine #PHONE_NUMBER mg per tablet take 1-2 tablets by mouth every 4 (DATE_TIME as needed. partial fill ok your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl; 6mm length condition list as of DATE_TIME varicose veins of lower extremities with other complications hypertension results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08097", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "filename": "data_08097.npz", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n", "age": 63.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 yo disabled medical assistant with history of htn, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gerd, low back pain, hypothyroidism s/p thyroidectomy for graves' disease has 15 and 10 PERSON in revere. mva DATE_TIME, recovering from l knee injury \u00ff 1. dm diagnosed DATE_TIME -history of gestational dm -hba1c 8.1% DATE_TIME >> 7.5% DATE_TIME >> 7.1% DATE_TIME no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on dilated fundus examination DATE_TIME. patient was advised to maintain tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure. \u00ff 2. history of graves disease, s/p rai -slight orbital fat prominence/hooding ou, but no other orbital signs \u00ff 3. cataracts ou-mild - not yet visually significant, denies glare, but is using sunglasses more frequently in the sun, anxious about driving at DATE_TIME but not due to vision >> updated mrx given DATE_TIME at request, no change in rx \u00ff 4. pvd ou -sees occasional floaters \u00ff 5. incr'd c/d od> os: intact rims tmax 22/21. cct 590/600 (thick). no fhx hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou baseline oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou >> iop and onh stable, continue to follow \u00ff 6. dry eyes/mgd ou: clean lids in am or in shower prn >> artificial tears prn, also has patanol prn (uses rarely), prefers brand name patanol, finds this works best PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08101", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "filename": "data_08101.npz", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol.", "age": 73.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. previously seen dr. PERSON. he is here for transfer of care due to distance to main campus. he has a history of poor compliance and stopping eye drops for DATE_TIME. diagnosis: mild PERSON target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 489 / 490 gonioscopy: cbb, 2+ pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): borderline superior/inferior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): possible borderline superior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): superior nasal step visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full medication history at first visit: latanoprost, timolol medication intolerances: rhopressa (cost) glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. mild poag od>os -thin cct -poor compliance with hvf progression od; new baseline set DATE_TIME -discussed irreversible nature of glaucoma and strong recommendation to restart drops 2. ns cataracts ou -pt feels like vision or glasses have gotten weaker; refract next visit 3. posterior vitreous detachment od -last dfe DATE_TIME, was stable -rd precautions plan: -restart timolol 2/2, latanoprost 1/1 -pt undergoing cardiac surgery DATE_TIME; so we will defer next iop check until patient is medically stable return in DATE_TIME for mrx, iop, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08106", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "filename": "data_08106.npz", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 35.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient with a history of breast cancer (s/p mastectomy with negative nodes, chemo/radiation) follows-up for iih. she seems to be doing very well from a visual standpoint, but she has gained considerable weight. my exam showed excellent afferent and efferent visual function (note that the field in one eye had to be repeated because of poor performance, which then improved). funduscopy reveals moderate frisen grade i edema ou. \u00ff i am very concerned about the weight gain, despite the essentially unchanged visual status, because it can trigger higher intracranial pressures. we had a significant talk about the risk and how we might manage that risk. she decided to again try to manage her diet, which is complicated by her 'craving' of sugar. i redressed the benefit of seeing a nutritionist, and she stated that she would call someone with whom she had previously worked. i encouraged regular weighings. we discussed use of diamox but we deferred, pending her weight in DATE_TIME. i also discussed a social worker-therapist, but she did not want to pursue this. she committed to a 10 pound weight loss by next visit. impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension, mild and stable without medical intervention 2. history of breast cancer \u00ff recommendations: 1. more attention to weight management 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. consider initiating acetazolamide in the future", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08107", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "filename": "data_08107.npz", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised.", "age": 58.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "-dm type 2 - no retinopathy -history of a stroke DATE_TIME, left homonymous hemianopsia -?poag: >>rnfl significant superior thinning ou, temporal and inferior thinning os >>hvf: right homonymous hemianopsia consistent with stroke, ?inferior nasal step os may benefit from glaucoma referral -refractive error/presbyopia -cataracts ou - not visually significant dilated exam cursory given pt. requesting to leave because of transportation issue. LOCATION, pgy4 this patient was unable to stay to see the attending and was only seen by the resident above. i have reviewed the resident's notes --suggest consultation with glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08109", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "filename": "data_08109.npz", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP).", "age": 80.22, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 y.o. previously followed by dr. PERSON at bidmc last seen in DATE_TIME, was told she had cataracts ou last visit DATE_TIME. was supposed to have cataract surgery but postponed due to covid pandemic hx glaucoma - iop 14 ou - cct 580/568 - rnfl DATE_TIME od thin sup os wnl DATE_TIME 64/92 od this sup, borderline temporal, inferiorly; PERSON DATE_TIME high fn ou, od superior and inferior arcuate defect, os rim artifact - pt ran out of DATE_TIME and has not been using. iop to high DATE_TIME. > restart latanoprost nightly ou > consider istent ou combined cataract bilateral - visually significant and affecting activities of DATE_TIME living - dilates well, [no ] flomax, [no ] pxf, [no ] guttae, [no] blood thinners - discussed cataract surgery, patient elected to proceed with cataract surgery with iol left eye. right eye to follow. with istent > risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery were discussed with the patient, including but not limited to the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses, macular edema, increased eye pressure and glaucoma. no guarantees given. all patient questions were answered.? > discussed available iols including presbyopia and astigmatism correcting lenses including all out-of-pocket expenses. > pt opts for monofocal iol, aim distance ?> anesthesia: peribulbar block > other concerns:", "gpt4_summary": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08112", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "filename": "data_08112.npz", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error.", "age": 51.73, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment and plan 51 y.o. female with h/o left-sided bell's palsy # glaucoma suspect due to mildly incr cdr -neg fhx -pachy: 520/524 -oct DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: reduced reliability ou, mild nonspec changes od, full os >monitor # refractive error >mrx given (svl reading) rtc DATE_TIME: coe, hvf, oct", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08119", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "filename": "data_08119.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring.", "age": 73.99, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 14 (DATE_TIME) / 15.9 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 567.567.568 / 579.579.579 corneal hysteresis: 11.7 / 11.4* gonioscopy: refractive error: od +1.25. -0.25. 102 / os +1.25. -0.25. 087 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: sister, no vision loss steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: none plan: # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - intraocular pressure acceptable both eyes, testing stable both eyes and findings reassuring on examination - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, optical coherence tomography and dilate # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08120", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "filename": "data_08120.npz", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear.", "age": 67.95, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "67 y.o. m 1. s/p phaco/pciol os (aim intermediate) doing well happy with vision mild pco, recheck next time (pt not bothered yet) 2. poag(s), based on inc c:d ratio ou fhx negative tmax mid teens per pt report PERSON full ou cct thin ou oct abnl thinning, stable ou dp stable iop controlled ou (goal low teens ou) and hvf full observe closely 3. cr scars ou in macula, stable, f/u dr young, - amd vs pattern dystrophy 4. ocular migraine, no ha followed, 1st episode DATE_TIME no recent sx 5. h/o scl wear monovision, od distance, os near no longer wearing PERSON has svd for DATE_TIME driving only, and prefers no correction for near DATE_TIME. s/p phaco/pciol od (aim distance) DATE_TIME, mild pco, recheck next time (pt not bothered yet) f/u 6 PERSON check", "gpt4_summary": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08127", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08127.jpg", "filename": "data_08127.npz", "report": "27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Exam as needed. Assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3.", "age": 27.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "a 27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. examination prn (this note was prepared with assistance from huy nguyen, pgy3)", "gpt4_summary": "27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Exam as needed. Assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08132", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "filename": "data_08132.npz", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n", "age": 86.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "timolol (timoptic-xe) 0.5 % ophthalmic gel-forming (taking) place 1 drop into each eye daily. trazodone hcl (trazodone oral) (taking) take by mouth. your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME chronic renal impairment hyperkalemia hyperlipidemia gout hypothyroidism gastroesophageal reflux disease hypertensive disorder results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08135", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08135.jpg", "filename": "data_08135.npz", "report": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests.", "age": 59.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prescribing encouraged warm compresses bid, pf ats qid stop eye rubbing last dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME consider referral to cornea for abmd if symptomatically not improved return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME with NRP, humphrey visual field 24-2, and optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08136", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "filename": "data_08136.npz", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months.", "age": 70.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) narrow angle glaucoma suspect ou - fh: mother - angle closure; no steroids or trauma - complex recent eye history: pt always told she had open angles DATE_TIME: sudden vision loss od and flu-like symptoms, headache; iop 51; initially diagnosed with posner-schlossman; LOCATION with LOCATION, LOCATION, also prednisolone, now off all drops DATE_TIME: had several episodes of seeing bright light ou lasting or DATE_TIME, seen by neuro-ophth, diagnosed with ocular migraines and also told she had narrow angles had lpis ou in DATE_TIME, no episodes since - gonio DATE_TIME narrow, with very small pis (barely visible and not patent os) - oct full, hvf full - repeat iridotomy od and os DATE_TIME - ce ou in LOCATION DATE_TIME) pciol ou - PERSON plan: doing well intraocular pressure acceptable rnfl oct and visual field stable mild posterior capsular opacification right eye rtc 6 mths dilate, disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08140", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "filename": "data_08140.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed.", "age": 61.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "glaucoma as well as other theories (as of DATE_TIME). attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal ou on DATE_TIME on PERSON. -continue vyzulta qhs ou. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i strongly recommended starting rhopressa qhs ou in addition to vyzulta qhs ou given iop above goal ou (set by dr. PERSON) and new disc hemorrhage od noted on DATE_TIME with iop of 12 mmhg. she vehemently refused despite risk of permanent irreversible vision loss explained to the patient. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if persistently above goal, recurring disc hemorrhages or progression, i will revisit treatment or urge patient to explore a second opinion. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and other ocular co-morbidities.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08141", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08141.jpg", "filename": "data_08141.npz", "report": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 70.29, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none instructions from this visit: medication route frequency timolol/brimonidine** (dark blue) both eyes 2x/day PERSON (orange)& the right eye 3x/day ** this medication is also known as combigan, and it represents a combination of timolol and brimonidine. & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08142", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "filename": "data_08142.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect.", "age": 71.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# ocular hypertension pxe , os>od +fhx, brother and mother PERSON ou ttarget: / , tmax: 26/24 (for a long time per patient, never treated) cct: / gonioscopy: open ou, heavy pigment os rnfl PERSON vf normal ou plan: no definite damage at this time pxe os and iop running higher needs close monitoring check pachy next visit , dilate, rtc 4 mths diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08147", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "filename": "data_08147.npz", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n", "age": 68.74, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08148", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08148.jpg", "filename": "data_08148.npz", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right.", "age": 59.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cos clinic note assessment/plan: 1. pvd od -repeat dfe without any rts or rds -rd return precautions reviewed 2. ns cataract ou -monitor 3. glaucoma suspect os>od -gonio open, PERSON, cct 516/515 -hvf and oct with slight defects os only -would monitor off of iop meds to establish trend rtc in DATE_TIME for iop, hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08155", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "filename": "data_08155.npz", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history.", "age": 62.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "62 yo endoscopy rn at bmc with history of htn, hyperlipidemia, dm, sleep apnea, cad s/p 4-vessel cabg 5/21/1/4 (sternal wound debridement 6/27, flap DATE_TIME), hashimoto's thyroiditis, cervical dysplasia s/p leep DATE_TIME, gerd, anemia, psoriasis,pseudogout \u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (DATE_TIME od and DATE_TIME os) - tr pco os> od, but remains asymptomatic >> requested mrx DATE_TIME \u00ff 2. diabetes x DATE_TIME -hba1c 8.1% DATE_TIME >> 6.8% DATE_TIME >> 6.8% DATE_TIME >> 8.9% DATE_TIME >> 6.9% DATE_TIME >> 8.3% DATE_TIME (ordered for low bcva): wnl ou no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on examination DATE_TIME. patient was advised to maintain tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure. \u00ff 3. ocular hypertension tmax 20/18. cct DATE_TIME: 582/569 (thick/ave) +strong family history of glaucoma (brother (s/p mx rd) and father (now deceased)) gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: od full with non-specific defects, os full hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os borderline superior rim losses. (dif from DATE_TIME) hvf DATE_TIME: od borderline superior rim losses. os full DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: od sup thinning, worse than prior. os wnl DATE_TIME: PERSON, stable. PERSON, poor signal DATE_TIME. oct DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning, stable. os wnl DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning. os wnl >> DATE_TIME: iop stable. DATE_TIME worse but it historically fluctuates and no clear hvf correlate. will follow \u00ff 4. mild erm os - asymptomatic \u00ff 5. pvd od >> rd precautions \u00ff 6. peripapillary choroidal pigmentation", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08158", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08158.jpg", "filename": "data_08158.npz", "report": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error.", "age": 72.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "72 y.o. female with h/o fibromyalgia, possible chronic fatigue syndrome, breast ca diagnosed in DATE_TIME s/p surgery/radiation previously followed by PERSON suspect based on cup:disc asymmetry os>od (low suspicion) noted to have pigment in anterior chamber post-dilation by dr. PERSON in past; no k spindle visible on exam fam hx: denies tmax: 18/19 cct: PERSON gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ptm hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os few inferior rim defects DATE_TIME: PERSON, os few inferior defects likely full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl and stable disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> observe off eyedrops - narrow angles ou not occludable on gonioscopy DATE_TIME >> monitor. signs & symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed - combined senile cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living at this time >> observe - meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou dry ocular surface DATE_TIME, reports intermittent irritation >> treatment with warm compresses, fish/flaxseed oil, artificial tears discussed - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient last visit. f/up DATE_TIME with mrx, bat, hvf, rnfl oct, gonio, then dilation discussed longer wait times due to need testing, gonio by md, then dilation. pt stated understanding; ok with this as long as appts scheduled on DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08159", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08159.jpg", "filename": "data_08159.npz", "report": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 72.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "left side that could represent an acute/subacute occipital ischemic event. i believe that the patient could have noticed the visual field defect only in the left eye because the vision in her right eye is more severely impaired. her visual fields are hard to interpret given the defects caused by the amd, but there is a nasal visual field defect in the left eye and a corresponding temporal field defect in the right eye that could potentially represent a right-sided homonymous visual field defect. given that finding, i ordered a brain mri to rule out an occipital ischemic event. i will decide on further management depending on the results from the imaging. impression: 1. wet amd - treated with eylea 2. ?new right homonymous visual field defect - rule out ischemic event in the left occipital lobe 3. pseudophakia ou 4. pco os plan: 1. mri brain 2. follow up depending on the results of #1 PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08160", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "filename": "data_08160.npz", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume.", "age": 41.31, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "given that iop pressures were at goal, we decided to observe on current regimen. we discussed slt and a handout was provided in case patient wants to come off cosopt. i recommended that he still continue the current medication regimen given that his tmax was 55 mmhg os, and he is about to resume marathon training. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. we reviewed hvf/oct together, and they were stable! -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. strict return precautions, especially if marathon training resumes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08162", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "filename": "data_08162.npz", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia.", "age": 74.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 yo woman with history of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy x DATE_TIME new patient DATE_TIME, prior care at tufts c/o needs glasses to see, must use glasses for distance and tv 1. cataract ou DATE_TIME: -starting to become symptomatic os>od with DATE_TIME driving -would like to observe for now, considering surgery for DATE_TIME after she returns from DATE_TIME in LOCATION 2. incr'd c/d ou tmax 15 ou. cct DATE_TIME (ave). no fhx glaucoma. hvf DATE_TIME: full ou (os fixation losses) 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od reliable, wnl. os rare rim losses DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou >> will follow 3. s/PERSON 3 (PERSON), most recently 8/17 -very happy with results 4. PERSON (she is uncertain if binocular) -noted only at distance during DATE_TIME, noted over DATE_TIME >> orthophoric in primary gaze, only -1 limitation os in elevation abduction, and adduction, but denies diplopia >> neuro-op consultation for diplopia in setting of omd. in meantime will update glasses prescription for optimal acuity", "gpt4_summary": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08165", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "filename": "data_08165.npz", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases.", "age": 50.26, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: brimonidine (follicular conjunctivitis) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 24 / 46 central corneal thickness: 547 / 540 gonioscopy: od: d35f 2+; os: PERSON 4+, s/p nasal goniotomy retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: fell and hit head as a teenager asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 50 y.o. male # uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (ugh) syndrome and angle recession, left eye - s/p iol exchange/kahook os (DATE_TIME, ma60ac +19.0 d in LOCATION, truncated superior haptic of prior sa60at remains in capsular bag) - initially presented to Institution ed DATE_TIME with iop 46 that improved with drops; inferior iol optic/haptic was out of capsular bag and subluxed inferiorly/anteriorly - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue dorzolamide/timolol bid os - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos # cataract, right eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08166", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "filename": "data_08166.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma.", "age": 64.06, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIMEtitution comp oph mc tech PERSON main campus DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME uterine leiomyoma essential hypertension class 1 obesity healthcare maintenance mva restrained driver abnormal magnetic resonance imaging of cervical spine primary open angle glaucoma of right eye, moderate stage primary open angle glaucoma of left eye, mild stage results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08168", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "filename": "data_08168.npz", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.43, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "concerning features >> follow \u00ff 7. hx transient visual obscuration DATE_TIME r-sided visual loss (unclear if monocular or binocular) on DATE_TIME - saw dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, believed most likely migraine aura, but could not rule-out tia, recommended beginning asa 81mg - following with pcp for risk factor optimization - patient does not wish to take aspirin 81mg, not currently taking, does not believe this was a tia - follow-up with dr. PERSON prn \u00ff 8. refractive error - no change in mrx DATE_TIME >> will provide eyeglasses rx DATE_TIME as backup (PERSON)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08169", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "filename": "data_08169.npz", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time.", "age": 64.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "64 f hx breast ca, tongue ca for f/u glaucoma testing. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, left > right eye. pt recalls having regular glaucoma testing due to suspicious cupping in the past. [ fhx: no [ cct: 555,569 [ oct DATE_TIME: superior and inftemp thinning od, sup / temp / inf thinning os (stable) [ hvf DATE_TIME: full od, focal supnas defect corresponding to retinal lesion os - although abnormal, the oct is nonspecific for glaucoma, and the visual field test shows no evidence of glaucomatous defects. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # old posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes. no retinal breaks seen. - discussed retinal detachment precautions. - monitor; return for new symptoms. # NRP, left eye, previously noted - monitor # refractive error. still having some trouble adapting to progressives. - rx given for new glasses. may wish to try standard bifocals or single-vision glasses. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08172", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "filename": "data_08172.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies.", "age": 61.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma suspect ou c/d asym, thick cornea--Tcorr is -3.5 OD, -3 os. mom on latanoprost and high iop. hvf 24-2 is wnl ou. oct onh nfl thin OD WNL OS. posterior vitreous detachment os shafer negative, retina attached 360 on dilated eye exam of both eyes. retinal detachment precautions reviewed. PERSON gland dysfunction and dry eyes, bilateral mild ocular surface dryness. warm compresses, lid hygiene. artificial tears as needed. mild age related cataracts, bilateral not visually significant. monitor. seasonal allergy worse in DATE_TIME. gave pt allergy handout. f/u in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct, ar/refract. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08174", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "filename": "data_08174.npz", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned.", "age": 42.01, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "h/o blunt force trauma to the eye (DATE_TIME) pt got punched in the face- was seen on 01/14 at main campus after the event. he is experiencing flashes of light od. Optos, oct and hvf done. oct onh nfl is normal ou. OCT mac WNL. hvf is wnl ou. depressed 360. no retinal tears or holes. warned of RD Sx. will f/u in DATE_TIME. pvd od/ Syneresis os observe. dermatochalasis od>os longstanding. observe. f/u in DATE_TIME dfe.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08175", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "filename": "data_08175.npz", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease.", "age": 70.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye every 4 (DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - od - right eye oct, optic nerve - od - right eye - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl future labs/procedures complete by expires b-scan ultrasound - os - left eye as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder osteoporosis glaucoma arteriosclerotic heart disease sensorineural hearing loss asthma fracture of humerus hyperlipidemia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08177", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08177.jpg", "filename": "data_08177.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "age": 35.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "spent a total of DATE_TIME personally preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating and finalizing the note, a copy of which was given to the patient DATE_TIME.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08179", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "filename": "data_08179.npz", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed.", "age": 54.65, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "54 y.o. f returns for routine DATE_TIME eye exam # refractive error ou -long standing moderate myopia now with PERSON changes; noting she needs to take glasses off for near work - doing well with current bifocals, no significant change in rx # choroidal nevus x2 os -flat, small size, no atypical features >continue to observe # borderline iop - cct 540/535 - tmax 22/24 - iop 22/19 - optic nerves look healthy - mother uses drops for high iop - hvf DATE_TIME od full os nonspecific defects DATE_TIME od full os full - oct DATE_TIME 81/80 od thin sup os PERSON -- ave wnl DATE_TIME 82/83 od borderline thin sup/inf os wnl > iop borderline at 22/19 ou. observe. photos DATE_TIME follow up DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate. photos", "gpt4_summary": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08183", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "filename": "data_08183.npz", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 57.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "the absence of a relative afferent pupillary defect or dyschromatopsia. relatively mild PERSON thinning is noted on DATE_TIME, though this finding was not seen on her recent outside oct studies, and appears disproportionate to the density of her field loss. subtle temporal pallor is noted in the right optic disc, however. with respect to the patient's headaches and dizziness, her history of intermittent visual obscuration od with retroorbital discomfort and photophobia suggests a component of underlying migraines with aura. consideration may be given to LOCATION's disease in light of her aural fullness, tinnitus, and paroxysmal vertigo, as also previously noted by PERSON in otolaryngology, though she has notably had limited symptomatic relief with appropriate therapy; her imaging has reassuringly not revealed signs of superior canal dehiscence. regardless, she may benefit from further evaluation by neuro-otology for additional diagnostic testing. we also recommended evaluation by her dentist for consideration of a bite guard in light of her tmj dysfunction and persistent headaches, as well as updated refraction, particularly for intermediate distance vision. impression: 1. right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic 2. migraines with aura 3. intermittent vertigo, likely multifactorial secondary to #2 and ?PERSON's disease 4. PERSON dysfunction 5. dry eye syndrome 6. follicular conjunctivits recommendations: 1. dental evaluation for bite guard for suspected tmj dysfunction 2. consider referral to neuro-otology for evaluation of episodic vertigo 3. recommend updated refraction 4. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08186", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08186.jpg", "filename": "data_08186.npz", "report": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone.", "age": 67.33, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pseudophakia ou, and glaucoma, who developed bilateral vision loss od>os with optic disc edema characterized by hemorrhage and cotton wool spots. she has been found to have leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer, which can cause optic neuropathy related to papilledema or ischemia from infiltration of the subarachnoid space around the anterior optic nerve. steroids initially helped os but the vision progressed in that eye. she has now received whole brain radiation therapy (30 gy) and notes improvement in the brightness of vision os. the exam shows acuities of nlp od and 20/25 os. the right optic nerve has developed atrophy and pallor already, suggesting ischemic injury related to leptomeningeal disease as opposed to papilledema or to optic neuritis. the left optic nerve has improved to 20/25 with radiation therapy, showing inferior greater than superior visual field constriction. i recommended tapering the prednisone over DATE_TIME as she is having side effects and does not have optic neuritis. i will test her vision again in DATE_TIME to monitor her progress. we hope that the radiation and the new chemotherapy will help to maintain her vision in the left eye. \u00ff impression: 1. bilateral optic neuropathy os>od from leptomeningeal breast carcinoma recommendations: 1. taper prednisone: 50 mg x DATE_TIME, 40 mg x DATE_TIME, 20 mg x DATE_TIME, 10 mg x DATE_TIME, skip DATE_TIME, 10 mg x DATE_TIME then off. 2. return in DATE_TIME it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? PERSON, PERSON: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08187", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "filename": "data_08187.npz", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently.", "age": 61.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "61 f, PERSON chaplain for f/u glaucoma testing. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, left > right eye [ fhx: father [ cct: 504,505 [ oct DATE_TIME: full od, stable suptemp thinning os [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - discussed several risk factors including family history, borderline thinning on oct, and thin corneas. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor, but recommended f/u testing in DATE_TIME. rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn previously: # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. - reviewed artificial tears ou qid prn. # mild vitreomacular traction, right eye # minimal epiretinal membrane, left eye # posterior vitreous detachment, left eye, with symptomatic floaters. - monitor # cataract, both eyes. minimal and not visually significant in both eyes. - continue to monitor. # refractive error, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient.", "gpt4_summary": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08188", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "filename": "data_08188.npz", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n", "age": 84.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "NRP w/ open angle glaucoma ou (od>os), cataract od, pciol os s/p yag ? 1. open angle glaucoma ou: (pt used to see dr. PERSON), lumigan too expensive - cct 587/591 - tmax 27/23 - vf 12/10 possibly worse od, better in DATE_TIME, worse again in 6/12, possibly worse od in 10/13, worse od in DATE_TIME. dp's done DATE_TIME. gdx in DATE_TIME unable od, stable os. oct done in 5/13, worse od in 6/14 s/p slt od DATE_TIME w good response 18 -> 14 s/p slt od in DATE_TIME w good response 24 -> 14 pt stopped using drops, elev iop in 10/15, pt stopped using drops again in 5/16 s/p slt os in DATE_TIME w good response 23 -> 14 - goal iop low teens od, mid teens os. - at goal DATE_TIME ? plan: hold xal ou qhs, c/w cos od bid - monitor od w hvf DATE_TIME. may need additional PERSON if vf worsens further. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop, hvf and dp's. ? 2. s/p ce/ pciol od DATE_TIME - doing ok. elev iop and blurry vision on pod1, resolved. - pt aware of limited visual potential 2/2 erm od plan: mrx od given in 7/10 ? 3. macular degeneration and erm ou: s/p 23g ppv LOCATION mp ?od DATE_TIME plan: per dr. PERSON. ? 4. pciol + pco os s/p yag DATE_TIME. b&l li61u, 20.5d. - much improved vision ? 5. dry eye - mildly symptomatic. rec lubrication especially qhs to help with am symptoms. ? other: pt is a friend of the ceo of LOCATION, constructing the 3rd building for LOCATION. now retired. pt in LOCATION until DATE_TIME. pt has throat cancer.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08193", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08193.jpg", "filename": "data_08193.npz", "report": "39-year-old white non-Hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Office requests patient to schedule an appointment.", "age": 39.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 39 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. lvm requesting pt call the office to schedule an LOCATION ou, callback numb er provided.", "gpt4_summary": "39-year-old white non-Hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Office requests patient to schedule an appointment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08195", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "filename": "data_08195.npz", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations.", "age": 75.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "irbesartan (avapro oral) take 300 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. loratadine oral take by mouth. naproxen sodium (aleve) 220 mg tablet take 220 mg by mouth 2 (two) times a day as needed. polymyxin b sulf-trimethoprim (polytrim) 10,000 unit- 1 mg/ml drop place 1 drop into the left eye 4 (four) times a day. prednisolone acetate (pred LOCATION) 1 % ophthalmic suspension place 1 drop into the left eye 4 (four) times a day. terazosin hcl (terazosin oral) take 3 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia seasonal allergic rhinitis nasal congestion results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08198", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08198.jpg", "filename": "data_08198.npz", "report": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved.", "age": 70.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient's request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou (ok to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08202", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "filename": "data_08202.npz", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error.", "age": 45.9, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "45 y.o. man presents for follow up 1. ocular htn: has not been compliant with drops recently (timolol) and taking them at DATE_TIME instead of the morning. humphrey visual field full ou, optical coherence tomography shows thinning ou DATE_TIME that is stable. possibly pre-perimetric glaucoma. pressure DATE_TIME is too high. -continue timolol qd ou in am every day -if pressures creep into DATE_TIME, then would add xalatan ou qhs -return for pressure check in 4-5 mos dfe: 3/20 gonio: DATE_TIME tmax: 28/32 cct: 534, 534 hvf: 3/20 oct: 3/20 famhx: no 2. allergic conjunctivitis ou: stable; having some dryness too; occasionally gets pingueculitis -better on zaditor -artificial tears prn \u00ff 3. refractive error: wants a new rx for glasses - old ones are scratched -give new rx for glasses", "gpt4_summary": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08204", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08204.jpg", "filename": "data_08204.npz", "report": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 42.94, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: ms. PERSON is a retail store manager here for evaluation of her decreased peripheral vision. she has history of arachnoid cyst in pituitary area that is being follow and has been stable in size (last mri DATE_TIME). on the exam DATE_TIME, she had mild temporal pallor of her optic nerves bilaterally. the visual field results were not reliable. there was loss of ganglionic cell layer in macula on oct. thus, there appears to be an optic neuropathy, which could the result of compression from the arachnoid cyst. we will follow her in DATE_TIME and re-evaluate her to make sure the findings are not progressive. impression: 1. possible compression optic neuropathy from pituitary arachnoid cyst plan: 1. follow up in DATE_TIME. 2. consider repeat oct during re-evaluation PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08208", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "filename": "data_08208.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given.", "age": 63.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio ou fhx + mom and mgm with glaucoma hvf od: reliable, mild ins defect (fluctuates in location but no worse in severity) hvf os reliable and full oct borderline os, PERSON dp stable gonio open ou cct average 546,548 iop controlled, observe 2. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 3. mild cataract is present ou that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08212", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "filename": "data_08212.npz", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis.", "age": 65.15, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "65 y.o. male presents for glaucoma suspect follow-up last visit with me: DATE_TIME pohx: glaucoma at last eye exam, feels eyes 'sunken in' and family notes it too pmhx: bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, cad, former smoker hpi DATE_TIME: pt here for glaucoma suspect ou pt denies any visual changes since last visit pt denies any new flashes or floaters ou, no pain, ou feel comfortable ocular medications: none assessment/plan: # glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc - iop - 12/11 - tmax - 17/17 here DATE_TIME - cct - 520/520 - thin ou - c/d - 0.8. 0.75 - gonio - refused at last visit - family history - none per patient - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - full ou, DATE_TIME - full ou - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - stable LOCATION thinning od > os - DATE_TIME - non-specific LOCATION thinning, ou, large disc area ou - baseline fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - return in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2, iop check # cataract, not visually significant # myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20, 20/20 - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery # dermatochalasis/steatoblepharon - family is telling him to have 'sunken eyes', likely from relative positioning of brow and dermatochalasis, no concerning orbital signs - symmetric hertel's DATE_TIME - not visually significant - observe rtc for glaucoma testing in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2, iop check, refract/dilate if allows PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08213", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "filename": "data_08213.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20.", "age": 56.41, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect target iop: / , tmax: 22 (DATE_TIME) / 22 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 525, 527, 529 / 514, 515, 516 corneal hysteresis: 8.8/8.6 gonioscopy: scleral spur, light pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother and younger sister (vision loss at young age) steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: none initial note: large cup:disc ratio, slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20, mother with glaucoma and good vision, low corneal hysteresis (8.8 and 8.6) and central corneal thickness 520/515). could consider selective laser trabeculoplasty sooner than later. plan: slightly large nerves, large cups, borderline iop; check in DATE_TIME with testing and dilation. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08217", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "filename": "data_08217.npz", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 56.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "foveal sensitivity and peripheral defects, consistent with posterior optic neuropathy (LOCATION), and given the onset after the fall this is likely traumatic - recommend patient wear polycarbonate lenses for protection - recommend he follow-up with neuro-op service for evaluation and information on prognosis although prognosis is guarded and vision will not likely improve significantly - recommend return to me in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 and oct rnfl, no dilation # headaches - no ocular cause of headaches seen on exam DATE_TIME - can follow-up with neurology dr. PERSON as scheduled DATE_TIME - has had concussion in the past, now feels like he has a migraine all day and night, having difficulty sleeping - no recommendations given DATE_TIME to patient, pain is not around eye but behind left temple # pellucid marginal degeneration os > od - visual acuity was 20/40 previously with glasses and 20/50 with contacts os - sees well with PERSON or glasses - recommend polycarbonate lenses as above # cataract, not visually significant # myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia (high astigmatism from pmd as above) - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20, DATE_TIME/cf DATE_TIME - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. rtc to neuro-op - appointment to be scheduled, referral placed DATE_TIME rtc to me in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 and oct rnfl, no dilation, can refract if pinhole improves os PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08223", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "filename": "data_08223.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used.", "age": 73.58, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect based on humphrey visual field; referred by dr. PERSON target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 530 / 531 gonioscopy: cbb refractive error: LOCATION . -0.75 . 100 / os +3.50 . -1.00 . 087 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: superior thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: inferior nasal step visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medications being used at first visit: none medication intolerances:none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: intermittent (not for a long time) trauma: none asthma: intermittent (not active-- pt suspicious of prior diagnosis) other medical history and problems: cabg x 4, cardiac stent initial note: referred by PERSON for glaucoma suspect both eyes. prior testing reveals superior thinning and an inferior nasal step on humphrey visual field right eye despite the nerve appearing mostly healthy and intraocular pressure 10 on no medications. all testing normal left eye. right eye with inferior nasal step and corresponding thinning on optical coherence tomography. however the pressures are lowand the nerves look acceptable both eyes (though small and sl tilt). unclear if this defect is chronic/congenital or new. patient to bring in old records. monitor off drops. plan: continue to monitor off drops. patient to bring old records of testing. repeat optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field in DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08224", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "filename": "data_08224.npz", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox.", "age": 86.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, aronow patient diagnosis: choroidal melanoma right eye with intraocular pressure 27/12 target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 485 / 653 gonioscopy: refractive error: PERSON. -3.25. 100 / os +0.50. DATE_TIME. 035 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: thin throughout visual fields on initial visit right eye: visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior arcuate and inferior arcuate dense medication history and intolerances at first visit: PERSON, combigan latanoprost diamox glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction, dsek other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: plan: severe glaucoma left eye but intraocular pressure is low and monitored in LOCATION. right eye intraocular pressure is 30, but appears to have active melanoma. seeing aronow DATE_TIME who recommends enucleation. tolerating diamox and he can decide if he would like to continue or stop until surgery. intraocular pressure left eye target should be low", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08226", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08226.jpg", "filename": "data_08226.npz", "report": "Patient has eye pressure in right and left. Glaucoma indicated through cupped out c/d ratios of 0.85 and 1.0. Restriction and deficiencies in visual fields.", "age": 83.98, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pressure 19 07 tonometry #2 (ta ub, DATE_TIME) right left pressure DATE_TIME gonioscopy right left superior c/d 35f c/d 35f, pas inferior c/d 35f c/d 35f pupils pupils right perrl left LOCATION visual fields left right restrictions partial superior temporal, inferior temporal, superior nasal, inferior nasal deficiencies partial superior temporal, inferior temporal, superior nasal, inferior nasal deficiencies extraocular movement right left result full, ortho full, ortho neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal slit lamp and fundus exam slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes ll lagophthalmos ll lagophthalmos conjunctiva/sclera normal tube and plate well covered, trabeculectomy LOCATION with quiet bleb, trace microcysts cornea dry, 1+ diffuse pee dry pee anterior chamber normal quiet, tube in good position in LOCATION PERSON normal, pxf material, tid at margin LOCATION, ik touch superotemporal, peripheral LOCATION, tid lens posterior chamber intraocular lens, pseudoexfoliation posterior chamber intraocular lens, pseudoexfoliation vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc thinning inferiorly, ppa ppa, cupped out c/d ratio 0.85 1.0 macula normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right -PHONE_NUMBERE left -0.50 -0.75 73", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has eye pressure in right and left. Glaucoma indicated through cupped out c/d ratios of 0.85 and 1.0. Restriction and deficiencies in visual fields.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08227", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "filename": "data_08227.npz", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360.", "age": 31.79, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "needed. -contact lens hygiene was reviewed on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop persistently above goal od, we will proceed with LOCATION. risks, benefits, and alternatives to laser were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. consents signed. *** asa/blood thinners *** increased risk of complications due to implants/special equipment needed -- *** preferred anesthesia -- *** diabetic -- no -rtc on DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if iop still above goal od next visit, we can consider booking slt od (if iop above goal but hvf stable) versus trab 360 od (if iop above goal and hvf significantly progressed versus adding rhopressa qhs ou. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08228", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "filename": "data_08228.npz", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned.", "age": 84.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a retired physician. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 10 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 09 mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME s/p phaco/ecp/kdb ou and off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -patient admits to snoring sporadically (?possible ltg component given progression at normal PERSON), but his wife denied it is consistent. if further progression, will re-visit DATE_TIME. -good phaco/migs candidate when patient ready, but currently patient happy with vision. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: we discussed surgical intervention given iop slightly above goal os and new disc hemorrhage os inferiorly with iop of 10 mmhg; he would be a good candidate for phaco/trab os first versus phaco/ecp/kdb os. after extensively discussing pros/cons of each procedure, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb os (attending case) on DATE_TIME knowing further intervention may be needed in the future. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given good response os and wish for best vision od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check, hvf, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. we'll attempt zioptan qhs ou in future if iop above goal and/or ocudose after surgery if iop control needed (and we'll try to spare him rhopressa). the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08229", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08229.jpg", "filename": "data_08229.npz", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes.", "age": 54.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: normal tension glaucoma, moderate right eye and mild left eye ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: / gonioscopy: open both eyes refractive error: od -3.00. -0.75. 168 / os -3.75. sphere. optic nerve: cup:disc ratio 0.85 both eyes with disc heme in both eyes rnfl oct: borderline thinning both eyes (average retinal nerve fiber layer 76 um right eye and 81 um left eye) vf: inferior arcuate right eye (md -11.82 db), inferior paracentral defect left eye (md -4.42 db) med intolerances: on latanoprost prior glaucoma surgery: none od / none os other eye surgery: none od/ none PERSON: ? uncle (went blind)/ steroids: none/ asthma: none/ trauma: none # pvd right eye -shafer neg - retinal detachment precautions reviewed pmhx: proteinuria (unclear etiology, on PERSON), osa (on cpap) plan: primary open angle glaucoma both eyes drance heme DATE_TIME needs intraocular pressure close to 12 both eyes continue ltn. also add timolol bid rtc DATE_TIME intraocular pressure check, dilation, dp and repeat humphrey visual field diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08232", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "filename": "data_08232.npz", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma.", "age": 69.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "last seen by me DATE_TIME) refractive: mild change - give new rx for glasses 2) posterior vitreous detachment od: seen in past by vavvas with no breaks found. stable 3) glaucoma suspect (cupping os>od): pressures have been fine. the visual fields have been reassuring but DATE_TIME are low quality os. the optical coherence tomography shows larger nerve os with cupping but no thinning. pachymetry is slightly thin. there is no family hx of glaucoma. i think this is physiologic cup asymmetry and is not worrisome. - repeat humphrey visual field alone in DATE_TIME to be sure - otherwise return DATE_TIME for dilation, humphrey visual field and optical coherence tomography - needs gonio next time dfe: 11/21 vf: 11/21 DATE_TIME gonio: tmax: 15, 15 cct: 513, 530 fhx: no 4) cataracts ou: mild with no symptoms. DATE_TIME driving is fine. -follow 5) PERSON's os?: not seen DATE_TIME on exam. thought to be from carotid dissection DATE_TIME. -follow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08233", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "filename": "data_08233.npz", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou.", "age": 75.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pciol od cataract os poag ou; PERSON; iop controlled with xalatan; unremarkable oct of rnfl, but hvf --first here DATE_TIME--suggests sup arcuate ou amd ou plan: 4 mo dilated exam/refraction plus oct of rnfl and PERSON; hvf repeat", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08234", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "filename": "data_08234.npz", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present.", "age": 76.48, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visual field with sn losses, but oct stable. continue to monitor closely. \u00ff\u00ff 5. mild guttata ou -stable cct DATE_TIME: 532/535 \u00ff\u00ff 6. hx retinal PERSON, with small cuff of fluid surrounding, and adjacent demarcation line just anterior to this. asx >> rd precautions reviewed 7. dry eyes ou - continue artificial tears 3-4 times DATE_TIME - start artificial tear ointment at bedtime - warm compresses", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08236", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "filename": "data_08236.npz", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery.", "age": 50.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "49 y.o. female presents for a new patient visit referred by endocrinologist PERSON PERSON chang, as she is considering undergoing radioactive iodine therapy. she has a past medical history of graves disease and breast cancer s/p bilateral mastectomy 1. graves disease diagnosed DATE_TIME with mild graves PERSON methimazole, planning for possible radioactive iodine treatment disease - 20/20 ou, no dyschromatopsia - mild lid retraction/flare ou, no evidence of optic neuropathy - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: wnl ou - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou - previously tried selenium 100 mcg po bid (started DATE_TIME), but no longer taking since no benefit noted - dr. PERSON questioning whether would benefit from corticosteroid treatment before and during rai treatment - never smoker - reports vertical binocular diplopia when tired, not likely graves related - continue artificial tears prn - no signs of optic neuropathy, does not need to add corticosteroid treatment if pursuing rai 2. diplopia - patient notes vertical diplopia when tired, has had prism in her glasses since DATE_TIME - small right hypertropia noted on alternate cover, 3pd at distance - patient has a left head tilt on exam DATE_TIME and on her driver's license photo, could be due to congenital 4th nerve palsy with mild decompensation versus other etiologies - observe for now 3. dermatochalasis - patient notes fullness of upper and lower lids ou, interested in possible surgical correction - in light of mild lid retraction would recommend further evaluation with oculoplastics service in the next DATE_TIME, after her thyroid levels have stabilized rtc to oculoplastics service in DATE_TIME (after rai/thyroid labs have stabilized) to discuss lid procedures for dermatochalasis rtc DATE_TIME or sooner for routine exam with me PERSON, pgy-4 patient seen and discussed with resident. agree with assessment and plan. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08238", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "filename": "data_08238.npz", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract.", "age": 65.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "eye -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. 5. posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. DATE_TIME/o breast cancer w/ tamoxifen use, d/c DATE_TIME 7. dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, both eyes -follow-up with dr. PERSON for eyelid care. 8. choroidal nevus, left eye 9. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 10. social/systemic issues: referred to clinic by dr. PERSON. patient is a retired nurse from PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME on ***. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for eyelid care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, ***, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i spent DATE_TIME on care for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataract. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08240", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "filename": "data_08240.npz", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP.", "age": 44.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, former patient of song angle recession glaucoma left eye, mild, amblyopia left eye, ruptured globe left eye (metal in ac), DATE_TIME target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 20 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 520 / 508 gonioscopy: inferior angle recession os with pas in inferotemporal quadrant as a result of trauma refractive error: od -PHONE_NUMBER / os +0.00. LOCATION. 167 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: healthy optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye:oct-rnfl (87/82) with inf thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances: timolol on visit with df (has tolerated despite asthma) glaucoma procedures right eye : glaucoma procedures left eye : other eye procedures: amblyopia left eye family history: steroids: trauma: other history and problems: asthma (uses albuterol inhaler) plan: stop timolol, iop okay. monitor in DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08246", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08246.jpg", "filename": "data_08246.npz", "report": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative.", "age": 58.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "mr. PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male with 1. both eyes affected by mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2. central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema of right eye 3. nuclear sclerotic cataract, bilateral vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/20-2 ph ph 19 left 20/20 ph ph 19 referred by dr. PERSON for continued care assessment 1. sup. PERSON with PERSON scatter laser superior LOCATION. 3.20.18 s/p multiple avastin last DATE_TIME - va is stable 20/25, iop DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: me os stable compared to his previous scan - oct 11.15.19: improved edema compared to DATE_TIME. continue to monitor for now 2. mild PERSON ou - a1c: pt doesn't remember (DATE_TIME) - insulin dependent. 3. asymmetric high c/d ratio od>os - negative glaucoma family history - iop is 21/19 - saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME who started pt on latanoprost - dr. PERSON also recommended slt - discussed with pt that LOCATION is very slightly preferable to latanoprost as latanoprost may increase edema, but both good options for iop control - emphasized need for regular f/u with dr. PERSON plan - monitor for now f/u with dr. PERSON as scheduled 2.2020 f/u with PERSON PERSON as recommended return to clinic in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed, with oct. the above note was recorded by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON demetrios PERSON, PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. demetrios PERSON, DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08248", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08248.jpg", "filename": "data_08248.npz", "report": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes.", "age": 64.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "DATE_TIME.','-potentially visually-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME.','-visually-significant, right eye as of DATE_TIME.','-visually-significant, left eye as of DATE_TIME.','-visually-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, right eye as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, left eye as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME.','-stable.'} 3. posterior vitreous detachment, left eye -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 4. s/PERSON, both eyes 5. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 6. social/systemic issues: seen formerly by dr. PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure {goal pressure:19197::'~','less than or equal to','=','greater than or equal to'} 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure {goal pressure:19197::'~','less than or equal to','=','greater than or equal to'} 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal od and {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal os on DATE_TIME on off glaucoma medications. DATE_TIME plus others oct", "gpt4_summary": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08249", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "filename": "data_08249.npz", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "wears pals for better quality of vision \u00ff 5. cataracts ou - early sx of glare, ctm 6. choroidal nevi os>od cox, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08250", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "filename": "data_08250.npz", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription.", "age": 79.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "imp: s/p cataract surgery ou and yag pc os in LOCATION macular PERSON ou--dry by oct now central LOCATION sec to PERSON; normal oct of rnfl ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08251", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "filename": "data_08251.npz", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier.", "age": 62.96, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "periph on temporal side >> monitor # eye strain - despite new mrx recently >> consider re-eval mrx soon # dry eye - severe on exam DATE_TIME, very symptomatic - already using refresh PERSON and at gel qhs - will hold off on punctal plugs for now as may keep glaucoma meds against eye for longer and cause side effects >> rec pfat gel qid ou >> rec restasis bid ou >> rec humidifier daily # refractive error >> mrx provided previously # dry eye syndrome >> continue artificial tears, gel drop qid ou rtc 3 mo no dilate surface check PERSON, md, mph", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08252", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "filename": "data_08252.npz", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed.", "age": 78.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "78 y.o. est pt, hx of LOCATION, LOCATION, PERSON, copd, htn, hyperlipidemia, mild ashtma, pituitary cyst followed by dr. PERSON wishes to see me instead as his wife is a patient of mine PERSON great, happy with result combined cataract left - visually significant and affecting activities of DATE_TIME living - dilates moderately , [+ ] flomax, [no ] pxf, [no ] guttae, [+] 81 mg asa - discussed cataract surgery, patient elected to proceed with cataract surgery with iol left eye. with istent > risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery were discussed with the patient, including but not limited to the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses, macular edema, increased eye pressure and glaucoma. no guarantees given. all patient questions were answered.? > discussed available iols including presbyopia and astigmatism correcting lenses including all out-of-pocket expenses. could benefit from toric iol in os but since he has astigmatism in the LOCATION, he will still need glasses to correct the vision. he is fine with wearing glasses so we opted to not use a toric iol in the left eye. > pt opts for monofocal iol, aim distance ?> anesthesia: peribulbar block > other concerns: omidria/epishugarcaine asteroid hyalosis os - stable hx ocular htn, possible early poag os - iop excellent on latanoprost qhs os - tmax 27 ou - cct DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME PERSON - hvf DATE_TIME borderline reliable od with central defects (difficult test due to fogging of the lens despite taping his mask) os nonspecific defects DATE_TIME nonspecific defects ou > observe refractive error > no significant change", "gpt4_summary": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08253", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "filename": "data_08253.npz", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium.", "age": 64.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: s/p laser iridotomy ou DATE_TIME for occludable narrow angles cupping ou; low iop, PERSON, nl hvf and oct amd ou - followed by dr. PERSON cataract ou dermatochalasis ou pterygium ou plan: DATE_TIME with hvf and oct rx=m rudnick pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08255", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "filename": "data_08255.npz", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present.", "age": 79.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prophylactic - a low dose beta blocker may be reasonable if he continues to have high blood pressure. he has reduced acuity in the left eye that has been stable over time. we did not find evidence of an optic neuropathy os and his evaluation of the neural components of his macula were normal. his outside ophthalmologist had noted a macular hole. he has bilateral dermatochalasis and a cataract od. these are not bothering him for now. recommendations: 1. could start a migraine prophylactic if he has frequent recurrence of positive visual phenomena 2. follow up with his comprehensive ophthalmologist i personally spent a total of *** DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. this note was prepared by dr. PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow, and me. any part of this note that was prepared by the resident or fellow was reviewed and modified as necessary by me to complete the finalized summary. ? PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08257", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08257.jpg", "filename": "data_08257.npz", "report": "63 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 63.19, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "a 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08258", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08258.jpg", "filename": "data_08258.npz", "report": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 59.31, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "allergies as of DATE_TIME ibuprofen levofloxacin sulfa (sulfonamide antibiotics) sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim medications and orders your current medications acetaminophen-codeine (tylenol-codeine #PHONE_NUMBER mg per tablet (taking) take 1-2 tablets by mouth every 4 (DATE_TIME as needed for pain (specific location in comments). alendronate (fosamax) 70 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (70 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON (xanax) 0.25 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (0.25 mg total) by mouth nightly as needed (back pain). cholecalciferol (vitamin d3) 2,000 unit capsule (taking) take by mouth DATE_TIME. conjugated estrogens (premarin) vaginal cream (taking) place 0.5 g vaginally nightly. use DATE_TIME x DATE_TIME then decrease to 2x/wk. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 75 mcg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (75 mcg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. multivitamin per tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. hrishikesh sawant DATE_TIME 2:26 am metal med transfer process pravastatin (pravachol) 20 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON alora LOCATION, PERSONtitution medical dermatology 617-726-2914 DATE_TIME alaka ray, PERSONtitution internal medicine associates 617-724-4600 DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, md, PERSON associates 617-742-2054 DATE_TIME 9:10 am PERSON, PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME migraine dizziness back pain health care maintenance hypothyroidism osteoporosis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08259", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "filename": "data_08259.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes.", "age": 72.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma ou mild stage: tmax 18/25 mm hg; cct 480/475. angle narrow by PERSON but open on gonio DATE_TIME glaucoma procedure: od: slt DATE_TIME with PERSON: slt DATE_TIME with PERSON current iop is acceptable; tg < 16 od and > monitor off eyedrops given normal testing DATE_TIME - refractive error >> defers new glasses prescription DATE_TIME. she asked about possibility of surgery to eliminate need for glasses. we discussed laser vision correction but possibility of needing reading glasses if target distance, or blended/minimonovision. also discussed contact lenses. she will continue with glasses for now f/up DATE_TIME with hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08265", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "filename": "data_08265.npz", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication.", "age": 49.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient returns for follow up of optic nerve hypoplasia and intermittent, achy left eye pain that precipitates anxiety and nausea. her exam is notable for mild refractive error os>od. her anterior exam is normal. her optic nerves appear hypoplastic and her humphrey visual fields are notable for inferior field loss in both eyes. her efferent exam is notable for a 1 pd right hypertropia at distance. it seems that he symptoms may be related to both refractive error and a small vertical misalignment. assessment: 1. hypoplastic optic nerves, possibly secondary to superior segmental optic nerve atrophy 2. refractive error 3. small right hypertropia 4. history of PERSON ou plan: 1. we will plan to bring the patient back for prism measurements (undilated) and refraction in DATE_TIME and provide a new prescription at that time this patient was seen and note prepared with PERSON, ophthalmology resident.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08266", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08266.jpg", "filename": "data_08266.npz", "report": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications.", "age": 67.14, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems narrow angle glaucoma suspect of both eyes overview primary angle closure suspect. target iop: / ; tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: / ; ch: / refractive error: od +3.25 . sphere x / os +2.50 . sphere x optic nerve structure and function: normal visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer at presentation (DATE_TIME). medications and intolerances: none procedures and complications: none relevant history and problems: cataract - mild current assessment & plan no intraocular pressure treatment now. rx specs. other visit diagnoses narrow angle glaucoma suspect relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - (completed) return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for optic nerve imaging (oct), visual field, gonioscopy, pachymetry.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08270", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "filename": "data_08270.npz", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present.", "age": 72.03, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "persistently above goal od on PERSON except for PERSON, we proceeded with bgi od st (3 fenestrations) in the sulcus on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if good result obtained od, we may want to consider phaco/bgi os. if iop above 12 mmhg od, we will also consider rhopressa qhs or LOCATION to head off hypertensive phase. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08272", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "filename": "data_08272.npz", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n", "age": 52.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. chronic angle-closure glacuoma od / ocular hypertension os: cct 630/570 iop goal less than 21mmhg. iop control is well within the target range. ran out of brimonidine and travatan DATE_TIME; pressure remains stable. plan: cont cosopt ou bid hold brimonidine 0.15% ou bid for now hold travatan ou qhs for now f/u DATE_TIME pressure check 2. pseudophakia (pciol) ou: stable plan: observe DATE_TIME/o multiple retinal detachments od s/p sb: stable plan: rd precautions discussed monocular precautions", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08277", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "filename": "data_08277.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others.", "age": 55.09, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "vishal mane DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. ropinirole (requip) 1 mg tablet 3 mg tab p.o. DATE_TIME your orders normal orders this visit color fundus photography - ou - both eyes PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina; 6mm length; 0.25mm spacing future labs/procedures complete by expires mri angio neck DATE_TIME DATE_TIME mri brain DATE_TIME DATE_TIME oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina; 6mm length; 0.25mm spacing as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME back pain depression osteoporosis injury of head endometriosis restless leg syndrome migraine hearing loss sleep apnea asthma hypertensive disorder ddd (degenerative disc disease), lumbar lumbar spondylosis thoracic spondylosis sciatica traumatic brain injury hyperlipidemia age-related nuclear cataract of both eyes facet joint disease neuropathic pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08280", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "filename": "data_08280.npz", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests.", "age": 49.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. myopic astigmat against the rule, presbyope 2. rx = -0.25-0.75x135 add +1.75 -0.50 -0.50x90 add +1.75 3. glaucoma suspect based on iop's of 24 mmhg ou............. refer to glaucoma for vf and onh photos 4. confrontational visual fields seems slightly constricted.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08283", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08283.jpg", "filename": "data_08283.npz", "report": "The patient has mog-associated disease/optic neuritis. Their care team is working on insurance approval for IVIG treatment. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.06, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "flares. PERSON has the best data for reduction of DATE_TIME relapse rate of mog-associated disease/optic neuritis, and arguably a better side-effect profile than rituximab or cellcept. i agree with the recommendation of DATE_TIME ivig under the care of dr. PERSON whose team has been working for insurance approval. ? i will plan to see her back in DATE_TIME to monitor her progress. recommendations: 1. agree with DATE_TIME ivig treatments 2. return to see me in DATE_TIME i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. ? PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mog-associated disease/optic neuritis. Their care team is working on insurance approval for IVIG treatment. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08285", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "filename": "data_08285.npz", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n", "age": 56.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "hysteresis: 9.6 / 8.6 gonioscopy: d30f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, hld, nafld, migraine, anxiety, depression assessment/plan: 56 y.o. female nwh medical assistant referred by dr. PERSON ding # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes, both eyes - healthy nerve rim, reassuring testing - iop acceptable ou - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, oct, disc photos # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08287", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "filename": "data_08287.npz", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection.", "age": 76.56, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "venlafaxine (PERSON) 75 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth twice a day custom medication, see admin inst / label comment, reported on DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process, from oncall docusate sodium (colace) 100 mg capsule take 1 capsule (100 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day as needed for constipation. PERSON (neurontin) 300 mg capsule take 1 capsule (300 mg total) by mouth nightly as needed. melatonin 5 mg tab take 1 tablet (5 mg total) by mouth nightly. omeprazole (prilosec) 20 mg capsule take 20 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME DATE_TIME 3:23 am metal med transfer process, from PERSON (LOCATION) 20 mg tablet take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. vitamin b complex oral take by mouth. reported on DATE_TIME DATE_TIME 3:27 am needs PERSON. metal med transfer process, from oncall your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME asthma allergic rhinitis rectal prolapse depressive disorder atypical chest pain hypercholesterolemia s/p cholecystectomy history of bladder suspension procedure h/o hysterectomy for benign disease obesity fatigue osteoarthritis abnormal results of liver function studies gastroesophageal reflux disease seborrheic keratosis seborrheic dermatitis contact dermatitis actinic keratosis lumbar stenosis urinary incontinence urinary tract infection, site not specified chronic headaches routine adult health maintenance right hip pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08300", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08300.jpg", "filename": "data_08300.npz", "report": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma.", "age": 59.13, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and hvf size v ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal or difficulty with adherence, we'll book slt os first, and if good result od. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08304", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "filename": "data_08304.npz", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up.", "age": 23.16, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "visual acuity visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist cc PHONE_NUMBER correction: glasses tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 17 15 main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens normal normal fundus exam right left vitreous normal normal disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.9 0.9 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems open-angle glaucoma, mild stage overview early juvenile open-angle glaucoma ou: cct 660/660 tm 23/24: +family history. pt's iop has been high in previous visits and rfnl was showing some changes. pt has a possible vf defect os, but that is not significantly different than DATE_TIME. started on latanoprost by PERSON PERSON. iop higher DATE_TIME. will initially set goal at teens ou for ~20% decr in tm. stable vf with some fluctuation in vf os with early sup defects that don't appear worse since DATE_TIME. oct with no signficant change but may have slightly more sup thinning od --> will repeat with dilated test to confirm. testing stable but with high iop again so slt DATE_TIME with good response goal <18 current assessment & plan iop continues to be good after slt os DATE_TIME (20s --> mid teens) plan: latanoprost ou qhs follow-up in DATE_TIME iop check PERSON, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08318", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "filename": "data_08318.npz", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection.", "age": 38.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "superiorly, i did not find any evidence of neural damage to account for her report of reduced vision. i also obtained fundus autofluorescence which did not show any sub-clinical abnormalities. i then obtained corneal topography, which performed with respect to the head pain, i suspect that she has occipital neuralgia. notably, the pain definitely does not include the cervical muscles. given the degree to which she is symptomatic, i suggested that she consider a trigger point injection, which she wishes to pursue.. she has carried a diagnosis of 'optic nerve pit' on the left. there is clearly a round, focal defect adjacent to the optic nerve head, but the high quality optical coherence tomography confirms both that the lesion lies outside of the nerve and that the ganglion cell complex is not diminished, as occurs with a pit. as such, this defect, which is in the collagen adjacent to the scleral ring, is not truly an optic nerve pit. diagnoses. 1. blurred vision, progressive, od, without evidence of neural or obvious optical explanation 2. significant head pain in region of occipital notch, with point tenderness, right, secondary to occipital neuralgia 3. history of optic nerve 'pit', os, but defect is outside of the nerve proper recommendations. 1. return for repeat measurement of central acuity od 2. trigger point injection at return appointment PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service i spent a total of DATE_TIME personally preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating, obtaining a series of imaging studies and review of each; reaching out to two corneal faculty members to return the pentacam images, reviewing my findings and discussing a management plan with the patient including the trigger point injection, and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08329", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "filename": "data_08329.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right.", "age": 58.33, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pciol os mild cataract od ch nevus od dry ou refr error hx ocular htn os. glaucoma suspect os > od. PERSON open ou prev cct 570/565 tmax 19/29 hvf full and oct rnfl with thinning od > os stable plan: cont xalatan ou qhs ats ou qid rx=m 6 PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08331", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08331.jpg", "filename": "data_08331.npz", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported.", "age": 46.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "periodically, and should return for new or worsening symptoms. diagnoses. 1. atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds in a man in his DATE_TIME without weight gain or medication use. recommendations. 1. continue off diamox 2. rtc as needed 3. comprehensive for DATE_TIME eye exams 1. continue off diamox 2. rtc DATE_TIME or sooner for new symptoms PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON.) ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08333", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "filename": "data_08333.npz", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 72.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "NAME for cornea care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. low threshold to start brimonidine or timolol od if iop persistently above goal. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08334", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "filename": "data_08334.npz", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present.", "age": 71.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "afferent pupillary defect on the left. there is significant metamorphopsia in the left eye on amsler grid. automated visual fields done with good test performance show dense inferior altitudinal defects ou with a superior nasal defect os. these defects appear stable when compared to the last available vf from DATE_TIME. extraocular motility is full and the patient is orthophoric in all gaze directions. on dilated fundus evaluation, there is pallor of both optic nerve heads os > od and there is an erm os; oct of the macula confirms the presence of an erm with significant architectural distortion. in summary, PERSON has a history of sequential naion (od 2011, os DATE_TIME) for which she was followed at Institution until DATE_TIME. her most recent decline in vision in the left eye is most likely explained by progression of an epiretinal membrane; i do not have access to prior oct of the macula to confirm this hypothesis, but based on the prior neuro-ophthalmology records from DATE_TIME (cf visual fields), there is no evidence of progression of the optic neuropathy on either side. in this context, i suggested PERSON to be evaluated by retina to consider a surgical correction of the erm. i will see her again in DATE_TIME, before if needed. ? impression: 1. sequential naion -od DATE_TIME. erm os -visually significant. recommendations: 1. referral to retina 2. continue follow up with ophthalmology 3. return to neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08335", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08335.jpg", "filename": "data_08335.npz", "report": "Clinical note implies a high threat to patient's vision/neurological function/systemic health. High risk of morbidity related to diagnosis. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: including: results of tests and documents from our er, review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above and review of the mri), ordering unique tests) with respect to management, this patient has a potential high risk of morbidity related to his diagnosis.]", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note implies a high threat to patient's vision/neurological function/systemic health. High risk of morbidity related to diagnosis. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08338", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08338.jpg", "filename": "data_08338.npz", "report": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Information recorded accurately by scribe.", "age": 47.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Information recorded accurately by scribe.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08346", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "filename": "data_08346.npz", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma.", "age": 11.77, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient presents for evaluation of blurry vision in setting of atypical meningioma with extension to sagittal sinus and skull. DATE_TIME's exam showed decreased visual acuity in each eye which improves to normal with pin-hole, indicating uncorrected refractive error. his afferent exam was normal with full color plates and excellent stereopsis. ocular motilities were full with a moderate exophoria at near. visual field testing was normal although there were excessive false positives in the right eye. OCT RNFL confirms the presence of edema in both eyes. oct gcc segmentation analysis shows early thinning of the gcc in both eyes. fundus exam showed mild swelling of both optic nerves. given this patient's diagnosis and the fact that he is currently going through radiation therapy, i would like to follow him closely with repeat exam and hvf in DATE_TIME. his blurry vision is refractive but i recommend holding off on finalizing a glasses prescription until his condition has stabilized. impression: 1. optic disc edema ou, secondary to #2 2. meningioma s/p resection, h/o hydrocephalus, now with vp shunt 3. refractive error 4. Exophoria at near, asymptomatic recommendations: 1-2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmology clinic DATE_TIME with hvf 3-4. discussed nature of near-sightedness with patient and mother. refer to optom (here or children's) for refraction once findings stabilize this note was prepared with the assistance of haley italia, od, resident", "gpt4_summary": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08347", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "filename": "data_08347.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness.", "age": 73.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME diagnosis: *** target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 496 / 498 gonioscopy: *** refractive error: OD +0.50 . -1.00 . 178 / os +0.50 . -1.75 . 178 optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): *** optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): *** visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): *** visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): *** medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. *** - 2. *** - plan: -cpm rtc DATE_TIME for dfe dementia left sided stroke with right sided ue weakness and a right hemianopsia", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08352", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "filename": "data_08352.npz", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure.", "age": 58.96, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 yo rn working in home care with history of hypercholesterolemia, asthma, anemia, recent vertigo attributed to viral PERSON\u00ff 1. ocular hypertension tmax 23/24. cct DATE_TIME (thin). no fhx hvf DATE_TIME: od enlarged bs, few inferior losses. os sn rim losses hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON reliability, full. os better reliability, isolated sn loss, prob full. hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON. os ?PERSON, trace ins DATE_TIME: PERSON ou (os inferior rim slightly thinner than prior-- 114 from 122) DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning. os PERSON DATE_TIME: trace PERSON, os superior and inferior thinning iop DATE_TIME: 13/13 mmhg -continue xalatan ou qhs (dense sa when off xalatan for DATE_TIME in past) >> use at prior to xalatan for recent burning after instillation (worse if using DATE_TIME) - refill sent DATE_TIME dp DATE_TIME: od only (0.5) >> will continue to follow on xalatan, watch inferior rim os. repeat hvf and oct on f/u \u00ff 2. rpe changes od -stable \u00ff 3. mild cataract ou -follow \u00ff 4. dry eyes ou - symptomatic with extended computer use >> continue artificial tears prn PERSON, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08359", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "filename": "data_08359.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin.", "age": 84.03, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "?# moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma od > os - pachymetry (530/546); tmax 22/27 (on treatment per old records from dr. PERSON); no fhx of glaucoma - followed previously by dr. PERSON in LOCATION, ma - s/p alt ou (od x 5 most recent in DATE_TIME; os x 1 in DATE_TIME) - s/p slt od (DATE_TIME) - hvf with LOCATION PERSON; sns os - oct-rnfl (51/76) with sup and PERSON <= 12 ou; borderline od DATE_TIME ? - cosopt bid ou - travatan qhs ou # dry amd ou - areds ii # toric pciol ou (DATE_TIME) - follow # h/o rll basal cell ca s/p mohs and reconstruction (DATE_TIME) - per dr. PERSON or dr. PERSON ? social/systemic: alphagan allergy; h/o chf and LOCATION; htn; asa 81 ? rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08360", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "filename": "data_08360.npz", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines.", "age": 66.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 y.o. woman \u00ff Former patient of Dr. PERSON \u00ff 1. Vitreous floaters OU -Patient with PVD OU -No retinal hole/tear/detachment on DFE OU today RD precautions reviewed 2. History of EKC OU -Patient with history of EKC in 2008 -Patient with multiple recurrences of subepithelial infiltrates with taper of steroids -Patient with recurrent subepithelial infiltrates OD in 3/2018 \u00ff Previously discussed with patient that her subepithelial infiltrates OD may be related to HSV (given her history of cold sores and frequency of recurrence OD) \u00ff -No subepithelial infiltrates OD since stopping lotemax \u00ff 3. Inferior scleral show OU DES/MGD OU -Likely contributing to her report of eye burning and irritation OU \u00ff Patient had not noticed any benefit from Xiidra (given possibility that Xiidra can increase risk of HSV recurrence, recommended stopping Xiidra) \u00ff Continue Refresh PM/Genteal PM/Systane PM 1 application nightly both eyes Continue Theratears 1 drop four times daily both eyes Continue off of Xiidra now \u00ff 4. Cataracts OU -Becoming visually significant, but patient denies problematic symptoms currently \u00ff 5. PVD OU -RD precautions reviewed \u00ff 6. Glaucoma suspect OS -Given C:D asymmetry OS>OD -Patient with family history of glaucoma (mother) -IOP 15/16 Pachy 575/569: true IOP same as measured OCT RNFL 5/19/2021: normal OU HVF 5/19/2021: full OU \u00ff 7. Ocular migraine -Patient with history of ocular migraine previously -Monitor \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08361", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "filename": "data_08361.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels.", "age": 83.44, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "last seen by me DATE_TIME. 1. primary open angle glaucoma ou: pressures DATE_TIME are good on xalatan ou qhs; visual fields DATE_TIME show stable nasal step od. optical coherence tomography show stable thinning od inferiorly. - cont latanoprost ou qhs - return pressure check and dilation in DATE_TIME dfe: 11/21 hvf: 6/22 oct: 6/22 gonio: 3/13 tmax: 22/17 cct: 502, 509 fhx: yes 2. pseudophakia ou: h/o PERSON macular edema od, now resolved - stable 3. niddm: no eye disease; not on medications now - encourage glycemic control 4. refractive: stable - keep old glasses", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08371", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08371.jpg", "filename": "data_08371.npz", "report": "93 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up as needed.", "age": 93.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 93 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. continue at prn", "gpt4_summary": "93 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up as needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08373", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "filename": "data_08373.npz", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n", "age": 65.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male hyperopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou optional rx given per pt's request pt denies changes to vision, wears pals which he has for DATE_TIME. pt reports that he's tilting head back on while using computer to see better. obstructive sleep apnea pt reports dryness in ou does not use any gtts. he does not have humidifier at home but there is one on his cpap. he reports some dizziness but may be due to his ear, on medication\u00fffor htn pvd os synereses od warned of rd sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains pt reports that flashes of lights have been decreasing since PERSON reports that floaters in os seem stable, he has had them before pvd and they look the same pt denies pain ou -- he felt pressure when he was at the ed, but now resolved. per ed visit (dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME): ------------------------------------------------------------- there is no evidence of pigmented cells in anterior vitreous, no retinal tears, breaks, holes, or detachment on dilated fundus exam with scleral depression ------------------------------------------------------------- cornea scratched os DATE_TIME low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: c/d asym PERSON 0 od -1 os hvf 24-2 wnl ou oct wnl ou ofhx: mother and sister with cataracts aunt with armd ou f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08378", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08378.jpg", "filename": "data_08378.npz", "report": "81-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. His account is activated and ready for use.", "age": 81.57, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 81 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "81-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. His account is activated and ready for use.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08381", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "filename": "data_08381.npz", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 76.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "worsening of inferior PERSON with PERSON PERSON over the phone on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os (with coaching), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08384", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "filename": "data_08384.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye.", "age": 79.81, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) moderate primary open angle glaucoma right eye, suspect left eye - referred by PERSON, asymmetric c/d ratio od>os. tmax 25/22. - no known fhx of glaucoma. no hx of long-term steroid use. - central corneal thickness 570s/580s - gonioscopy open - humphrey visual field with superior arcuate right eye, nonspecific changes left eye - optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer with s/i thinning right eye, full left eye - intraocular pressure 20/19 - concerning for moderate glaucoma right eye, suspect left eye - intraocular pressure goal midteens right eye, high teens left eye - great difficulty with gonioscopy so not a good selective laser trabeculoplasty candidate - recommend starting latanoprost qhs both eyes \u00ff 2. hyperopia ou, astigmatism ou, presbyopia - awaiting rx \u00ff 2. cataract both eyes - dfe next visit \u00ff \u00ff 3. posterior vitreous detachment left eye - monitor return to clinic DATE_TIME intraocular pressure/dfe \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08385", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "filename": "data_08385.npz", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred.", "age": 79.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "79 y.o. male with ckd, prostate ca s/p rt # dry eyes / blepharitis -cause of intermittent blurry vision, improves with at. >at qid >at gel qhs prn >warm compresses / lid hygiene bid >omega-3 fatty acids # s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME -has diffuse pco, symptomatic with blurry vision and glare at DATE_TIME >yag capsulotomy right eye; discussed r/b/a including risk of vision loss, glaucoma, inflammation, increased floaters, retinal detachment. pt verbalizes understanding and wishes to proceed. # h/o coag >DATE_TIME -prev followed by PERSON PERSON for DATE_TIME who is now retired. had been on drops in the past. -had laser procedure DATE_TIME and stopped drops -both parents had glaucoma -high iop spikes after cataract surgery ou -healthy appearing optic nerves with mild asymmetry -stable hvf since DATE_TIME; borderline changes on DATE_TIME with global depression os>od, similar to or slightly worse than DATE_TIME, progressed compared to DATE_TIME -oct DATE_TIME wnl -pachy 561/559 PERSON, open angles ou, no h/o trauma >monitor, repeat hvf after yag # s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME # pco os s/p yag capsulotomy DATE_TIME -doing well # mild erm os -good foveal contour >monitor # posterior vitreous detachment ou -no tears/traction >rd precautions # mild ptosis and dermatochalasis -feels it is affecting vision and interested in surgical correction, but defers for now. >will refer to oculoplastics if patient wishes to pursue this rtc DATE_TIME: coe, hvf, oct nerve, bat", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08386", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08386.jpg", "filename": "data_08386.npz", "report": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss.", "age": 46.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "mri from DATE_TIME was stable. DATE_TIME showed mild drop out of retinal ganglion cells ou (i.e. 'PERSON change). my exam showed no change. impression: 1. pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression, status post trans-sphenoidal resection x 2 and proton bean radiation (DATE_TIME), with significant visual improvement after last intervention 2. glaucoma suspect recommendations: 1. consider obtaining over the counter reading glasses, likely a +1.00 or +1.25. 2. neuro-ophthalmology follow up in DATE_TIME or sooner if concerns arise this note was written with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08387", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08387.jpg", "filename": "data_08387.npz", "report": "The note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It discusses a patient requesting a second HVF test and the results worsening.", "age": 76.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "test os first) pt often requests a second round of hvf and the results look worse due to PERSON scribing for dr. Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It discusses a patient requesting a second HVF test and the results worsening.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08390", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "filename": "data_08390.npz", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n", "age": 80.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: s/p phaco/iol ou at ophtho in new LOCATION enlarged c/d -- was on xalatan but self d/c'd; PERSON DATE_TIME blepharitis ou hvf od with sup temp defect and possible early nasal step with thinning on rnfl consider restarting xalatan vs repeat hvf in DATE_TIME i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. will consult glaucoma service (may also need neuro-oph opinion)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08391", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08391.jpg", "filename": "data_08391.npz", "report": "64-year-old white, non-Hispanic male patient. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use.", "age": 64.17, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "a 64 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "64-year-old white, non-Hispanic male patient. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08400", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08400.jpg", "filename": "data_08400.npz", "report": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted.", "age": 54.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 / 21 central corneal thickness: 563 / 565 gonioscopy: d35f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inf thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: sup/inf thinning visual fields, right eye: inferior > superior arcuate-like depression visual fields, left eye: superior arcuate-like depression, inferior nasal step, enlarged blind spot family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 54 y.o. female software engineer # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - tilted nerves, evaluation complicated by high myopia - dr. PERSON started PERSONop acceptable ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou; low threshold to escalate therapy od - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # high myopia, both eyes; operculated hole, right eye - no underlying fluid, hole appears chronic and pigmented - next appointment with PERSON PERSON DATE_TIME # cataract, right > left eye - approaching visually significance, monitor, particularly psc od karen hong, LOCATION___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08401", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "filename": "data_08401.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service.", "age": 42.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# glaucoma suspect based on cup to disc ratio - no family history - cct thick - hvf with new LOCATION defect od - oct rnfl demonstrates progression of inferior thinning ou # dry eye ou - uses pf ats rarely # chemical keratitis od - resolved plan: - pf ats, wcs - refer to glaucoma service for management \u00ff PERSON, pgy-2 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08404", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "filename": "data_08404.npz", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.91, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "taye ige date of birth: DATE_TIME patient PERSON: NUMBER Institution LOCATION phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER taye ige DATE_TIME office visit mrn: NUMBER provider: PERSON, LOCATION: Institution comprehensive oph main campus patient demographics address phone e-mail address #4, femi deru close, PERSON, LOCATION, LOCATION unavailable EMAIL_ADDRESS information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME male black or NRP no NRP NRP reason for visit none vital signs/measurements smoking status never smoker most recent eyeglasses prescription (DATE_TIME) sphere cylinder add right LOCATION sphere +2.00 left +2.50 sphere +2.00 allergies as of DATE_TIME chloroquine hcl medications and orders your current medications aspirin 81 mg ec tablet take 81 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. atenolol (tenormin) 50 mg tablet take 1 tablet (50 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 % ointment apply topically 2 (two) times a day for DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit color fundus photography - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME family history of diabetes mellitus hypertension trigeminal neuralgia of left side of face right leg pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08416", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "filename": "data_08416.npz", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis.", "age": 66.09, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "available; details: dispense: capsule(s); date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME 8:39 am needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. simvastatin (zocor) 10 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME ( discontinue 20mg) your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; 6mm length; no condition list as of DATE_TIME osteoarthritis of hip colon polyp hyperlipidemia heart murmur snoring lung nodule healthcare maintenance elevated blood pressure reading without diagnosis of hypertension results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08417", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "filename": "data_08417.npz", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo.", "age": 61.54, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. , ou has gone untreated x DATE_TIME; tmax DATE_TIME; cct not known at this time. was intolerant to many PERSON was previously on xalatan prior to going to LOCATION glaucoma procedures: od: LOCATION os: ltp 2. PERSON cataract, ou plan: start PERSON will get iop --oct check 2 mo", "gpt4_summary": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08419", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08419.jpg", "filename": "data_08419.npz", "report": "66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 66.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08422", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08422.jpg", "filename": "data_08422.npz", "report": "37-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter details are recorded accurately.", "age": 37.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 37 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME am. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "37-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter details are recorded accurately.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08423", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "filename": "data_08423.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries.", "age": 76.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes 1x/night timolol1 (yellow) both eyes 2x/day brimonidine3 (purple) both eyes 3x/day dorzolamide (orange)& both eyes 3x/day netarsudil (white)4 both eyes 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: timolol timoptic, timoptic xe = timolol gel-forming solution (gfs), betoptic s, LOCATION, LOCATION, ocudose (preservative-free). & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08425", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "filename": "data_08425.npz", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy.", "age": 76.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "76 yo woman with pxf (od>os) 1. pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (od>os) - iop acceptable ou with PERSON DATE_TIME. cpm with PERSON. oct stable ou. iop's stable on current regimen. cpm. 2. pseudophakia ou -- patient has done very well with with cataract surgery at wills with excellent visual outcomes ou. had yag laser on DATE_TIME (PERSON) with excellent outcome os and 8-9-16 od. vision excellent 3. shortness of breath on metoprolol -- discontinued by pcp DATE_TIME. doing well on cosopt 4. blepharitis (os>od). some irritation os although corneas look good and no evidence of inflammation in ac. rec wc/lh with artificial tears. - allergic to latex 5. syncopal episode on DATE_TIME. etiology unknown. broke hip and was in LOCATION for DATE_TIME and then DATE_TIME at spaulding. now staying in handicapped room at a residence inn in LOCATION, LOCATION. there was a question of whether this episode could possibly be due to any of her eye drops. while it is a possibility that the beta blocker could have contributed, the pt has been on a topical beta blocker for DATE_TIME with no untoward effects. comprehensive workup while at Institution has not revealed any underlying etiology for the syncope. heart rate was normal with no shortness of breath in epic notes so no evidence of bradycardia secondary to the cosopt. if bradycardia develops or additional sycopal episodes, will try off of timolol. will see dr. PERSON 6-26-17 for ongoing follow up. began weight bearing on right leg DATE_TIME and still using walker. follow up here in DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08427", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "filename": "data_08427.npz", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used.", "age": 25.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: the patient has a history of a left optic nerve glioma which extended to the chiasm, status post biopsy and proton beam radiotherapy (DATE_TIME). her visual function has been stable with excellent acuity (20/15 ou), thought with a questionable left afferent pupillary defect. her visual fields DATE_TIME, which i repeated because of poor technical performance initially, demonstrated a similar left nasal field and right superior temporal areas of decreased sensitivity. she continues to be followed by neuroendocrinology for panhypopituitarism and PERSON following radiation therapy. her most recent imaging last june/2016 was also stable. she is a glaucoma suspect, and i recommended oct with ganglion cell segmentation as a means to help follow her status. there is the confounding factor of the degree to which any ganglion cell loss that is identified would be secondary to the tumor/surgery/radiation, but this test will be useful to follow her course going forward, especially if the tumor remains dormant. the oct showed significant loss of the gcl/ipl complex bilaterally, with nasal loss od, which is more suggestive of glioma as the causative mechanism rather than glaucoma. impression: 1. optic pathway glioma involving the left optic nerve and extending to the chiasm, s/p two craniotomies (for a biopsy, then post-operative 'leakage') and proton beam radiation (DATE_TIME), stable 2. panhypopituitarism, secondary to #1 3. glaucoma suspect 4. polycystic ovarian disorder plan: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. repeat mri brain DATE_TIME. color photographs/DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08430", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08430.jpg", "filename": "data_08430.npz", "report": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.76, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "(this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08432", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "filename": "data_08432.npz", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal.", "age": 22.88, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "22 y.o. m 1. poag (s) based on inc c:d ratio ou was treated with drops by PERSON PERSON at chb x DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME), none since h/o elevated iop tmax unknown iop controlled ou DATE_TIME hvf full ou oct wnl ou dp stable observe discussed risk of glaucoma and recommended follow up DATE_TIME. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/u DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct an dp", "gpt4_summary": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08433", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08433.jpg", "filename": "data_08433.npz", "report": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated.", "age": 70.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "miller for retina care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given slow progression on oct and disc photos over DATE_TIME, i recommended PERSON to the low teens. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os, dilation ou, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08434", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "filename": "data_08434.npz", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 66.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female graves disease diagnosed with graves PERSON. hamnvik at bwh reports 'fairly mild'. PERSON hvf 24-2: full ou dm2 deferred dilation so she does not accidentally vote for the wrong candidate DATE_TIME! PERSON taken. a1c is good. no bdr. hgb a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.2 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. h/o scleritis ou not symptomatic. hyperopia with presbyopia new rx given. f/u in DATE_TIME for hvf 24-2, oct, NRP, ar/refract. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08437", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "filename": "data_08437.npz", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 21.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "double vision or pulsatile tinnitus. she probably improved by loosing weight as she reports she has lost 35 pounds since DATE_TIME. she can stay off diamox and hopefully continue to loose weight and let us know if she had her prior iih symptoms recurrence. diagnoses. 1. iih, currently resolved 2. optic PERSON left>right currently asymptomatic recommendations. 1. follow up in DATE_TIME. stay off diamox 3. encourage weight loss PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian, her father); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. ***; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08438", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "filename": "data_08438.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis.", "age": 63.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: ocular hypertension referred by optometry (dr. LOCATION) target iop: 23/23, tmax: 34 (DATE_TIME) / 33 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 561 / 566 corneal hysteresis: 10.0 / 11.0 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: visual fields on initial visit left eye: medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: myopia, cl wearer other eye problems left eye: myopia, cl wearer family history: ?pgm steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: initial note: ocular hypertension with low risk, but intraocular pressure of 27 DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME untreated. central corneal thickness around 550. reviewed treatment options and would like to pursue selective laser trabeculoplasty plan: pressure right eye just above target and left eye below target; responded well to selective laser trabeculoplasty high corneal hysteresis (10.0/11.0) looks great and stable return to clinic in DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check and hvf i personally saw and examined the patient and reviewed the findings and agree with what is documented in the record. i discussed the patient with the resident and agree with their note which accurately reflects my own findings and plan.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08440", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08440.jpg", "filename": "data_08440.npz", "report": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment.", "age": 60.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male is a new patient to me and presents for a comprehensive eye exam. he was last seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. his sister is our tech PERSON. \u00ff open angle glaucoma glaucoma suspect based on family history, iop and PERSON DATE_TIME tmax - 23/23 cct - LOCATION - within normal limits od, thin os gonio: open angle, not occludable ou family history - + mother last hvf 24-2: wnl ou last oct rnfl slightly thin ou, slightly thin gcl superior ou start latanoprost qhs ou cataract ou not visually significant observe at this time hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia optional mrx dispensed otc equivalence handout given can continue otc readers or use rx f/u in DATE_TIME for iop check, no dilation, optos", "gpt4_summary": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08442", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08442.jpg", "filename": "data_08442.npz", "report": "70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Also had phone COVID screen.", "age": 70.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. phone covid screen", "gpt4_summary": "70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Also had phone COVID screen.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08444", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "filename": "data_08444.npz", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled.", "age": 61.9, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "poag mild stage tmax unknown; cct DATE_TIME. on LOCATION but not adherent. while cupping is not impressive there is nfl loss os that can be appreciated on the disc photo and oct. the vf defect os is c/w nfl dropout PERSONfh in father ?hx steroids for asthma, but not currently using any inhalers no eye trauma started on latanoprost DATE_TIME, iop 11/11 today hvf unremarkable right, left with inferior depressions no correlated with exam plan: rec stopping latanoprost for holiday to determine true untreated iop follow up DATE_TIME for an iop ck.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08449", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "filename": "data_08449.npz", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n", "age": 76.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "76 y.o. female with h/o oa, paf, pe, hypertension considering complete right shoulder replacement vs shoulder repair friend had lost left eye to ?glaucoma - glaucoma suspect based on cup: disc appearance ou fam hx: +brother tmax: 18/18 (22 by tonopen in plastics clinic) cct: gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ss/ptm hvf DATE_TIME: ou with borderline superior defects possibly related to dermatochalasis DATE_TIME: od nonspecific inferior defect, os rim defect rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: od borderline superior, PERSON (likely stable with decreased avg thickness related to decreased signal strength) disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops for now - narrow angles ou not occludable by gonioscopy DATE_TIME postdilation iop (DATE_TIME) was unchanged at 16/17 >> monitor. signs & symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. also discussed that as cataracts grow her angles may become occludable in future at which time a laser peripheral iridotomy would be recommended - nuclear senile cataract ou becoming visually significant with glare when driving at DATE_TIME but states still doing ok for now. follows white lines on roads >> observe; bat each visit ? ?- posterior vitreous detachment od, syneresis os seen by dr. PERSONME for floater od; previously noted pvd in that eye >> retinal detachment precautions - s/p rll cyst removal by dr. PERSON ??f/up DATE_TIME with bat, hvf, cct, dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08451", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "filename": "data_08451.npz", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.84, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "did not demonstrate significant improvement. it remains possible that this could represent a late post-radiation optic neuropathy, and review of his radonc notes from DATE_TIME clarifies that he did receive a total radiation dose of 17000 gy at that time. we discussed that we would like to discuss his case at our management conference to determine possible options, including limited case reports suggesting some success in treating optic nerve radiation injury with PERSON (as has been used more widely for radiation injury elsewhere in the cns). in the meantime, he can taper the prednisone, and we will repeat mri brain/orbits to assess for any interval evolution of the right optic nerve enhancement. impression: 1. optic neuropathy od, unclear etiology, possibly secondary to prior radiation 2. history of radiation therapy in DATE_TIME (17000 gy) for right sided squamous cell carcinoma of the neck secondary to oral DATE_TIME. history of tick bites yearly, self treats with one dose of oral doxycycline 4. PERSON. history of macula-on retinal detachment s/p pr in DATE_TIME plan: 1. taper prednisone over DATE_TIME. repeat mri brain and orbits 3. oct optic nerve (rnfl and gcc) DATE_TIME. repeat neuro-ophthalmic exam pending mri result (this note was prepared with the assistance of makayla mccoskey, md) dean PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08453", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "filename": "data_08453.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes.", "age": 65.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female f/u glaucoma testing 1. poag(s) based on increased c:d ratio ou, od od - pachymetry (585/578); tmax (13/16); ? fhx of glaucoma (father) - hvf with nonspecific changes ou - oct-rnfl (83/77) wnl ou - tg = mid teens ou ? - follow without eye drop therapy for now ? # dm2 - no npdr or csme - bp and bs control - sees dr. PERSON at joslin yearly # cataract ou - not visually significant - follow social/systemic: dm2 ? rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou and disc photos ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08482", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "filename": "data_08482.npz", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned.", "age": 72.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on timolol bid ou and s/p slt ou. -continue timolol bid ou. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -patient is good phaco/migs candidate when she's ready to have ce/iol. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: patient's iop is still above goal. she never started rhopressa as her mother who is in her DATE_TIME suffered a broken hip, and she has been busy. we decided to give slt a try given multiple medication allergies. we proceeded with slt od 180\u00f8 starting at 0.4 mj given highly pigmented tm on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given her good initial response s/p slt od (8-point drop), we proceeded with slt os 180\u00f8 starting at 0.4 mj given highly pigmented tm on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: patient's ~90 y/o mother has a h/o of macular degeneration without a current provider to follow-up; i provided her with contact information to several PERSON providers and recommended that her mother seek out phaco/pciol given poor vision in her only eye. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx, bat, optical biometry, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop spike in future, consider rhopressa qhs ou versus PERSON (knowing irides may change color). consider phaco/migs in the future once patient is bothered by vision. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08486", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "filename": "data_08486.npz", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio.", "age": 71.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "impression: 1. diffuse large b cell lymphoma with intracranial intravascular lymphoma, ischemic infarcts, DATE_TIME, chemo completed DATE_TIME, subclinical seizures in the left temporal lobe (controlled now with LOCATION and briviact) 2. right homonymous hemianopia secondary to #1 3. binocular horizontal diplopia, worse at near > far, likely due to convergence insufficiency 4. glaucoma suspect od, with elevated intraocular pressure od and increased cup:disc ratio od>os ?5. pciol opacification os > od 6. dry eyes os > od recommendations: 1. prescribed timolol drops twice a day only in the right eye 2. she will find a local ophthalmologist (and notify us if she needs a referral to PERSON), to assess for intraocular pressures, pciol opacification os > od, and dry eyes 3. preservative-free artificial eye drops ou 4. oct and fundus photos DATE_TIME. neuro-ophthalmic follow up in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08487", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "filename": "data_08487.npz", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error.", "age": 75.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "Imp: cupping ou, as before; normal hvf and oct today; no iop elevation; av cct Cataract ou pvd ou refr error Plan: yrly with hvf and oct rx=m", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08488", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08488.jpg", "filename": "data_08488.npz", "report": "31 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. His intraocular pressure is controlled, goal 21 or less. Family history positive for glaucoma.", "age": 31.17, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "31 y.o. male 1. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio ou cct thick hvf full oct wnl dp stable c/w 2014 iop controlled (goal 21 or less ou) fhx + maternal aunts/uncles observe rec DATE_TIME eye exam 2. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 3. PERSON wear (sports) contact lens hygiene was reviewed with the patient including regular cleaning and changing of lenses and avoiding sleeping in contacts. patient was instructed to discontinue contact lens use with any change in vision, pain, redness or irritation and call immediately or proceed to the emergency department. 1 yr mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp letter to pcp: dr. PERSON scribing for dr. Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "31 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. His intraocular pressure is controlled, goal 21 or less. Family history positive for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08491", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "filename": "data_08491.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes.", "age": 64.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "humphrey visual field mostly normal both eyes. patient also has a history of left eye trauma with angle recession. angles are open in both eyes. plan: # primary open angle glaucoma versus suspect, mild, right eye - intraocular pressure acceptable s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty both eyes - testing normal and stable both eyes DATE_TIME - no glaucoma drops for now - recommended at's for dry eyes # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor return to clinic in DATE_TIME for optical coherence tomography both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08497", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08497.jpg", "filename": "data_08497.npz", "report": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes.", "age": 75.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "bul -follow-up with dr. PERSON for eyelid care. 5. posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 6. social/systemic issues: prior patient of dr. PERSON's. she was a former member of the lion's vision center. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: patient is symptomatic from cataracts, so we proceeded with phaco/pciol od first on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given great result so far od, we proceeded with phaco/pciol os on DATE_TIME. -i referred to oculoplastics for blepharoplasty evaluation on DATE_TIME => patient has an appointment with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for eyelid care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (neal patel, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08498", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "filename": "data_08498.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa.", "age": 61.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "lpi ou. -continue dorzolamide bid ou. -continue pf qd od => to be managed by dr. PERSON. -continue valtrex 500 mg po qd. -continue rhopressa qhs od. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given elevated iop od on 2 agents for iop control od and occludable PERSON, we proceeded with urgent lpi od on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given good result od s/p lpi od as well as narrow angle os, we proceeded with lpi os on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. once stable from hzo standpoint, i may proceed with phaco/kdb od. we'll see. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08499", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08499.jpg", "filename": "data_08499.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions.", "age": 46.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "concerns for the skull base repair. i asked him to schedule a follow up with dr. PERSON. i asked him to schedule a follow up with me in DATE_TIME. i asked him to call with any questions or concerns in the interim. all questions and concerns were answered. i personally saw and evaluated the patient with PERSON, pa-c. i performed the history, examination, nasal endoscopy and impression and plan myself. i personally made all medical and surgical diagnoses and decisions for the patient. i have reviewed the note in it's entirety and composed/edited before signing. PERSON t gray, PERSON of rhinology department of otolaryngology LOCATION cc: PERSON, PERSON, PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08508", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "filename": "data_08508.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion.", "age": 72.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems open angle with borderline findings and high glaucoma risk in both eyes overview open angle glaucoma suspect based on ocular hypertension to 40's target iop: / ; tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 587 / 585; ch: / refractive error: od . x / os . x optic nerve structure and function: normal retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field right eye, consistent with vein occlusion left eye (DATE_TIME) medications and intolerances: started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, brimonidine DATE_TIME (Institution ed). procedures and complications: none relevant history and problems: central retinal vein occlusion? left eye DATE_TIME (see Institution ed) current assessment & plan continue dorzolamide ou bid, latanoprost ou qhs, stop brimonidine ou bid, relevant medications dorzolamide (trusopt) 2 % ophthalmic solution latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders automated visual field, extended - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; macula cube, onh cube (completed) return DATE_TIME, for dilation.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08514", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "filename": "data_08514.npz", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis.", "age": 70.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "70 yo female presents for follow up in the setting of using new high-risk medication - ethambutol for PERSON lung disease. \u00ff 1. h/o ethambutol use 2' to mac lung disease -duration: started DATE_TIME, discontinued DATE_TIME: 400 mg po tid (21 mg/kg) -was also on rifampin 300 mg po bid and azithromycin 500 mg po qd -color vision normal ou, h/o full amsler ou -hvf DATE_TIME - od essentially full, good reliability - os few scattered defects with one repeatable defect nasal to blindspot, good reliability -rnfl DATE_TIME normal ou -baseline fundus photos taken DATE_TIME \u00ff 2. posterior vitreous detachment ou -rd precautions \u00ff 3. dry eyes ou -continue with warm compresses bid and at's DATE_TIME \u00ff 4. PERSON reduced bcva 20/70, denies diplopia -patched as a child, h/o strabismus surgery -monocular precautions, polycarbonate material for spectacles \u00ff 5. nuclear sclerosis ou -not visually significant -asymptomatic -observe rtc DATE_TIME for cee i have reviewed the notes, assessments, and/or procedures performed by dr. PERSON (PERSON resident), have made appropriate changes as needed, and i agree with his documentation above.", "gpt4_summary": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08520", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "filename": "data_08520.npz", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 34.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex, ? relevance to #1 4. prior left hypertropia not seen DATE_TIME recommendations: 1. follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME, sooner prn 2. referral to optometry for a refraction and glasses 3. fresnel prism (1 bd os) in the lower portion of the glasses 4. re-establish care with neurology 1. oct optic nerves ou and macula with retinal ganglion cell / inner plexiform segmentation DATE_TIME. follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME, sooner prn 3. follow-up with neurology and rheumatology as scheduled 4. agree with repeating mri brain with and without contrast in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared at least in part by PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08521", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08521.jpg", "filename": "data_08521.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition.", "age": 93.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "seen by dr. PERSON at bpei naples (he was my cornea co-fellow at bpei miami). patient was also seen by dr. PERSON (one of my attendings at bpei) on DATE_TIME and then again in DATE_TIME. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on pf cosopt tid ou, PERSON, and lotemax qd od. -continue vyzulta qhs ou. -continue pf PERSON => samples given on DATE_TIME. -continue lotemax qd od => to be managed by cornea team. -continue doxycycline 50 mg po qd => to be managed by cornea team. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -continue valtrex 1000 mg po qd => to be managed by cornea team. -continue NRP per retina/dr. PERSON. -follow-up with low-vision as planned. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care => ok to proceed with calcium deposit removal if needed. -follow-up with retina specialist for care. -follow-up with retina as planned. -note to cardiologist (PERSON) and pcp on DATE_TIME: given worsening of glaucoma at normal intraocular pressures (although borderline), i would recommend ruling out nocturnal hypotension (using bp medications in the am, if possible) and ruling out sleep apnea if any signs/symptoms as these two diagnoses could cause glaucoma to worsen at normal iops. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, dilation ou, oct rnfl/gcc od (experienced technician), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if hvfs worsen further, strongly consider cpc versus bgi. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08522", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08522.jpg", "filename": "data_08522.npz", "report": "77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Had nose carcinoma previously treated by resection & radiation. No radiation retinopathy found.", "age": 77.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. carcinoma on nose s/p resection and radiation -no radiation retinopathy on dfe DATE_TIME -continue to monitor", "gpt4_summary": "77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Had nose carcinoma previously treated by resection & radiation. No radiation retinopathy found.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08523", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "filename": "data_08523.npz", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended.", "age": 52.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "52 y.o. male 1. poag(s) based on increased c:d ou fhx positive (mother had surgery) tmax unknown cct 525/514 (thin ou) hvf od reliable, mild ins/sns defects at far nasal edge of test, new os reliable and full repeat hvf next time oct borderline os, PERSON, stable rnfl thickness average ou dp stable gonio open ou iop controlled observe 2. s/PERSON 2003 (h/o -2.25 myope prior to surgery) observe DATE_TIME/o viral conjunctivitis quiet DATE_TIME, observe 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME, may also cpm with otc readers +1.75 5. posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 6 mo check va, iop and hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08525", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "filename": "data_08525.npz", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 65.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "polyethylene glycol (glycolax) 17 gram packet (taking) take 17 g by mouth DATE_TIME as needed (severe constipation). protein powder (LOCATION) powd (taking) take by mouth 3 (three) times a day with meals. senna (senokot) 8.6 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day as needed for constipation. tizanidine (zanaflex) 2 mg tablet (taking) 4mg in the am, DATE_TIME in the afternoon, 4mg in the pm acetaminophen (tylenol) 325 mg tablet take 2 tablets (650 mg total) by mouth every 6 (DATE_TIME. PERSON (lopressor) 25 mg tablet take 0.5 tablets (12.5 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME tinnitus cystocele osteoporosis aortic valve regurgitation hypothyroidism sicca syndrome iron deficiency anemia pharyngitis urinary incontinence blood in urine kidney stone osteoarthritis of knee rheumatoid arthritis streptococcal sore throat heterozygous thalassemia decubitus ulcer of left buttock, stage 4 history of total hip replacement total knee replacement status pericarditis constipation sacral osteomyelitis microcytic anemia hypertension back pain of lumbosacaral region with sciatica results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08529", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "filename": "data_08529.npz", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma.", "age": 84.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, cad, hyperlipidemia, here for comprehensive eye exam # cataracts, ou - bat 20/50, 20/50 - borderline significant, myopic shift. pt still not bothered. - poor dilation, on flomax > observe # posterior vitreous detachment, ou - rd precautions reviewed # enlarged c/d ratio - no trauma, no steroid use - iop wnl - no family hx - cct DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME od wnl os borderline thin temp, overall stable DATE_TIME od wnl, os borderline thin overall stable - hvf DATE_TIME borderline unreliable od inferior nasal step os ? rim artifact hvf DATE_TIME: od with improved inferior nasal step, os with nonspecific inferior defects hvf DATE_TIME od nonspecific inferior defects os ?rim artifact, nonspecific nasal defects hvf DATE_TIME od 20%fn increased inferior and superior nonspecific defects os high fl increased nonspecific defect > stable. observe # s/p ptosis repair DATE_TIME # choroidal nevus os - stable in size - no orange pigment or subretinal fluid - observe # eyelid lesion lul - looks crusted and dry - can try moisturizer. if worse, patient knows to inform his dermatologist. #blepharitis ou - discusses ats, lid hygiene, and warm compresses fu DATE_TIME, mrx, hvf, oct, dilate i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08530", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "filename": "data_08530.npz", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT.", "age": 69.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: early cataract ou pvd os cupping od>os (gl-s; +fh) no iop elevation; normal oct of rnfl ou now; PERSON refr error plan: rx=m yrly", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08531", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "filename": "data_08531.npz", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract.", "age": 78.46, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# s/p phaco/iol os # cataract od - bcva 20/25+, no symptomatic progression # large c/d ratio --normal hvf and oct today # dry eye os>od - spk with dry eye symptoms #refr error plan: - ats - observe cataract od for now - mrx provided rtc 6-12 months, sooner prn PERSON, pgy-2 re-check hvf and oct of rnfl then", "gpt4_summary": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08542", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "filename": "data_08542.npz", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts.", "age": 89.35, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "PERSON is a 89 y.o. female pxfg risks include race, pxf, age iop is wnl od, elevated os, tcorr is +2 ou . oct rnfl thin ou. hvf: sas ou gonio: open angles, not acludable 1-2 pigmented tm ou.. safe to dilate patient on travatan qhs ou refer to glaucoma specialist cataract w/ pxf ou try new rx continue to observe. follow up with glaucoma team next available by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08546", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08546.jpg", "filename": "data_08546.npz", "report": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled.", "age": 78.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON, patient: gertrude f PERSON mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: i saw our mutual patient, gertrude gallagher, for a follow-up eye examination. please find below a summary of the examination, assessment, and plan. thank you for allowing me to participate in this patient's care. vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/30 19 left 20/30+2 19 assessment and plan: 78 f hx htn, dm last visit here with me in DATE_TIME. endocrinologist is PERSON md . # no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: father [ cct: 564,567 [ gonio: open to cbb 360 ou [ oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: nonspecific inf defect od, full os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # cataract, both eyes, not yet visually significant to warrant surgery. - monitor for now. # dermatochalasis, both upper eyelids, not functionally bothering the patient at this time. - monitor. # refractive error, some change vs previous, would like to change glasses. rtc 1 year, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following gertrude along with you. sincerely, , LOCATION PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08552", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "filename": "data_08552.npz", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma.", "age": 79.68, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy daughter is PERSON radiologist, pari pandharipande, cell PHONE_NUMBER. pt lives in champagne, LOCATION. \u00ff\u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (od DATE_TIME and os DATE_TIME) -comfortable, happy -mild pco od, LOCATION >> mrx provided as backup DATE_TIME (only uses readers and happy with current) \u00ff\u00ff 2. mgd ou with oily tear film - using refresh bid - using warm compresses >> continue warm compresses at least qhs, at prn, oily fish, she feels this is helping \u00ff\u00ff 3. incr'd c/d ou tmax 20/19. cct 504/523 (thin). no fhx glaucoma hvf DATE_TIME: good reliability, full ou hvf DATE_TIME: overall full; few spots of decreased sensitivity nasally os 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od high fixation losses. ?sns, LOCATION. os fixation losses and false +. full DATE_TIME: wnl ou, similar to DATE_TIME oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou; gc shows mild LOCATION loss. will monitor. DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou >> will follow \u00ff\u00ff 4. small choroidal nevus os -benign features \u00ff\u00ff 5. pvd ou -no tears, breaks -rd precautions", "gpt4_summary": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08554", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "filename": "data_08554.npz", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes.", "age": 69.65, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "mid-teens. DATE_TIME much higher at 25 both eyes on latanoprost and timolol. nerves are small and slightly pale. cataract is mild and she is quite symptomatic with everything seeming gray, especially in the left eye also has lattice going to see PERSON. monitored for glaucoma for many from rockwood DATE_TIME: hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME od: sup arcuate, new. os: borderline reliability, early sup ns, similar to previous plan: # primary open angle glaucoma, both eyes - doing well s/p trabeculectomy/mmc right eye - intraocular pressure was good left eye initially but was creeping back up (all sutures lysed), so timolol was started - intraocular pressure now doing well both eyes - continue timolol once DATE_TIME left eye # foreign body sensation, right eye - limbal conjunctival suture protruding in the right eye, removed DATE_TIME # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor return to clinic DATE_TIME, i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08557", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "filename": "data_08557.npz", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 12.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "recent lp (12/08) revealed a normal opening pressure (17 cmh2o) and that she is not currently having any symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. we will plan to continue monitoring her closely, with repeat visual field testing within DATE_TIME. impression: 1. choroidal plexus carcinoma s/p surgical resection, now on chemotherapy ?2. left homonymous hemianopia secondary to 1 3. papilledema, in the setting of 1 4. enhancing lesion involving the left oculomotor nerve and posterior cavernous sinus. 5. left complete third cranial nerve palsy with pupil involvement secondary to #4 recommendations: 1. follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology within DATE_TIME. a card was given to the father with our contact information - he will call back when they have a date for the next cycle of chemo and will be returning to LOCATION (excepted DATE_TIME) 2. please contact neuro-ophthalmology on call if you have any questions or concers this note was prepared with the assistance of ines lains, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology resident. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08564", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "filename": "data_08564.npz", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure.", "age": 66.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 y.o. here with his daugther ew fu for zoster \u00ff #right v1 zoster, resolved with postherpetic neuralgia ?-started on valtrex 1g tid DATE_TIME by his pcp - no evidence of corneal involvement or retinal involvement. - DATE_TIME: no more pain. no longer taking gabapentin or nortriptyline #s/p complex phaco/pciol with trypan os DATE_TIME , aim -10.00 - doing well, happy with vision >provided new rx #hx cataract surgery od >DATE_TIME - done in LOCATION - per patient, had an infection prior to the cataract surgery - appears to be extracapsular cataract surgery, patient states it might have been a complicated surgery and took DATE_TIME. no prior records available >monitor # glaucoma suspect ou no fhx of glaucoma iop normal cct 535/548 oct rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON thin sup and inf DATE_TIME 86/64 od wnl os thin sup and PERSON hvf DATE_TIME field): od: generalized depression. ?enlarged blindspot with scattered central losses os: nasal losses not fully respecting vertical meridian- ?enlarged blind spot vs early sup arcuate vs sup rim losses DATE_TIME od enlarged blind spot os early sup arcuate DATE_TIME: iop suboptimal on timolol, no significant iop reduction, switch to latanoprost qhs os DATE_TIME: iop suboptimal on latanoprost qhs os DATE_TIME: iop 16/16 off latanoprost x DATE_TIME. restart latanoprost. fu DATE_TIME, hvf/oct. DATE_TIME: iop much better on latanoprost ou, continue # posterior vitreous detachment os - notes increased floaters x DATE_TIME breaks / detachments > retinal detachment precautions DATE_TIME, iop check", "gpt4_summary": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08565", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "filename": "data_08565.npz", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended.", "age": 71.03, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "generalized depression. oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; gcc, rnfl right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. notes od: normal prnfl thickness (avg 100 microns). normal macular gcipl (avg 75 microns) os: thinner prnfl compared with od (avg 87 microns). macular gcipl thinning (avg 64 microns). ? impression: mr. PERSON likely has a left optic neuropathy based upon the left relative apd, mild visual field depression os, and oct showing PERSON and macular gcl thinning compared to the right eye. the cause could be a traumatic optic neuropathy from history of facial trauma from a hockey puck, but we ordered an mri of the orbits with and without contrast to exclude a compressive cause. we discussed this assessment and recommendation in detail. ?recommendations: 1. mri orbits with and without contrast 2. return on DATE_TIME as mri within DATE_TIME ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08566", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08566.jpg", "filename": "data_08566.npz", "report": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed.", "age": 68.4, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dr. PERSON's at ehs. she enjoys swimming and tries to do a mile a day. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 13 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 13 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on latanoprost qhs ou and brimonidine bid od. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -continue brimonidine bid od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable hvf and oct ou as well as iops at goal ou, we will proceed with current medication regimen and schedule a DATE_TIME follow-up. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx, bat, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. we could consider slt in future although i tend to think slt isn't as effective in ntg. we could also consider phaco/migs (?peck) when cataracts become visually-significant. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08567", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "filename": "data_08567.npz", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n", "age": 62.98, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female presents for follow-up of dm ii, early cataract, cornea guttata, glaucoma suspect 1. diabetes mellitus, type ii - no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on dilated macular examination DATE_TIME a1c: 7.3% DATE_TIME - recommend DATE_TIME dilated eye exams. - discussed importance of blood sugar control. - patient was advised to maintain tight blood sugar and blood pressure control in order to reduce risk of complications in eyes, kidneys, and peripheral nerves to hands/feet/etc 2. cataract, not visually significant - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva od 20/20, os 20/20 - observation at this time was recommended. 3. PERSON guttae ou but no haze/edema - cct in PHONE_NUMBER - cct in PHONE_NUMBER - stable - cct DATE_TIME 604/548 - bcva 20/20 ou - no complaints of morning blurred vision - observe 4. glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry os > od - iop - 14/14 - tmax - 15/15 - cct - 566/574 (with corneal edema) - c/d - 0.35/0.5 - gonio - open ou - c25s/trptm, no pas od, c30r, tr ptm, no pas DATE_TIME - family history - mother + - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON oct rnfl DATE_TIME wnl ou - fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - likely physiologic cupping os due to larger nerve - follow as suspect rtc DATE_TIME or sooner prn with LOCATION, hvf 24-2, cct h nguyen pgy-4", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08569", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "filename": "data_08569.npz", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds.", "age": 31.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "spells. her susac syndrome was thought to be relatively stable, so immunosuppression was not initiated during her hospitalization and referral to neuro-immunology was made. she was started on trileptal for abnormal eeg activity with risk for seizures but of uncertain clinical significance. previously seen by dr. PERSON at Institution and also at ocb. she lives DATE_TIME away on the cape. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -start PERSON given cupping/thinning on oct/hvf deficits. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: incredibly strong blink reflex. we will trial gonioscopy/pachymetry in future (once she trusts us). i felt strongly about starting eye drops given cupping/thin oct/hvf deficits even though they may be related to LOCATION. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check (with icare), pachymetry, gonioscopy, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08570", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "filename": "data_08570.npz", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations.", "age": 78.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "and stable in the right eye (80 microns DATE_TIME, 79 microns on DATE_TIME). there was a segmentation error in the ganglion cell complex measurement in the left eye. my overall impression is that this patient has giant cell arteritis. my plan is: -follow up chest magnetic resonance angiography to assess for aneurysm -follow up: anca, hcv, hbv, spep, crp, esr, cbc, bmp, PERSON -consider actemra -i recommend the following steroid taper: 40 mg po prednisone for DATE_TIME, then 30 mg for DATE_TIME, then 20 mg for DATE_TIME, then 10 mg until follow up wutg dr. PERSON -recommend the covid boosters, influenza vaccination, shingles vaccination, tetanus-diphtheria vaccination, and pneumonia vaccination. follow up with primary care doctor to make sure she is up to date with the immunizations. we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution this note was prepared with the assistance of LOCATION stevanovic LOCATION, pgy-3 ophthalmology resident ? note: i personally spent {encounter time:19197::'15','25','30','40','45','60','80','100'} minutes preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08572", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "filename": "data_08572.npz", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma.", "age": 45.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on 01/14//2021 diagnosis: ocular hypertension both eyes (last seen by dr. hoguet in DATE_TIME) target iop: / , tmax: 38 (DATE_TIME) / 44 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 537 / 584 gonioscopy: open both eyes refractive error: od -1.25 . -0.50 . 100 / os -1.75 . +0.25 . 080 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: mild thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior nasal step and paracentral defect medication history and intolerances at first visit: none (previously on timolol) glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: yes (mother and maternal uncle are df patients, mother undergoing surgery; maternal grandmother went blind from glaucoma) steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: hypothyroid, anemia, anxiety initial note: history of ocular htn, stopped drops in DATE_TIME. PERSON. presented with intraocular pressure 38 right eye and DATE_TIME left eye off treatment. central corneal thickness 537 right eye and 584 left eye. right eye with no evidence glaucoma damage, left eye with early damage with sn step. initiated cosopt and ltn. plan: intraocular pressure too high both eyes DATE_TIME, improved with one round drops start latanoprost qhs and cosopt twice a day to both eyes return to clinic DATE_TIME for follow up repeat central corneal thickness given 50 micron difference", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08575", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "filename": "data_08575.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error.", "age": 53.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME f with history of r femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma s/p radiation DATE_TIME, left-sided intracranial avm s/p craniotomy in DATE_TIME presenting for follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing, previously seen at ocb: \u00ff 1. choroidal nevus od, last dilated DATE_TIME - small and flat - no drusen - likely part of normal pigmentation - fundus photos DATE_TIME - dilate at next visit. \u00ff 2. open angle glaucoma suspect - was followed at ocb - iop ok DATE_TIME - rims appear healthy - pachy thick, true iop lower - hvf (DATE_TIME) reliable, full ou. - oct rnfl (DATE_TIME) no thinning ou. 3. mgd/blepharitis - doing wc, PERSON, lid scrubs - discussed omega-3 supplements - she is asking about steroids would try fish oil, flax seed oil allergic to azithromycin could try topical lotemax gel as needed, rx given, no refills 4. dry eyes schirmer test: od 12mm, os 7mm use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye episodes of recurrent erosions? try lubricating gel qhs 5. refractive error new glasses prescription given DATE_TIME follow up DATE_TIME for dilated exam PersonON, PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08581", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "filename": "data_08581.npz", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments.", "age": 42.63, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. large c/d ratio noticed DATE_TIME and has since been monitored as a glaucoma suspect. first noticed left eyelid retraction DATE_TIME. found to have hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease. diagnosis: possible primary open angle glaucoma od, mild target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 572 / 569 gonioscopy: open to cbb, trace pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): 0.8, mild inferior borderline thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): 0.8 full visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full visual fields on initial visit left eye (2/203/2021): full medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: pgm steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: hyperthyroidism assessment: 1. likely pre-perimetric primary open angle glaucoma od, suspect os -borderline inferior thinning on oct rnfl and gcc, new compared to previous; also oct suggests mild changes in vcdr, rim area all in the same eye -discussed repeat testing with observation to confirm change versus treatment -start timolol, and will reassess oct in DATE_TIME hvf ordered DATE_TIME in error 2. hyperthyroidism, mild thyroid eye disease -on methimazole -using artificial tears plan: -start timolol gel 1/0 rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08590", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "filename": "data_08590.npz", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk.", "age": 71.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "71 y.o. with hx of hypercholesterolemia, hypertensive d/o, migraine, gerd, osteoporosis #hst os s/p laser retinopexy DATE_TIME - good laser barricade. > no new breaks, rd precautions #refractive error / presbyopia ou - current glasses are working well for her #cataract os>od - no significant change > observe #cd asymmetry os> od, likely physiologic - iop good - no family hx - cct 620/615 - hvf DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME ou > observe , low risk #dry eye > artificial tears fu DATE_TIME, mrx, bat, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08592", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "filename": "data_08592.npz", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed.", "age": 67.55, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "assessment and plan 67 y.o. female 1. ocular hypertension -famhx: father (glc vs oht) -tmax 26/27 -pachy: 551/573 -gonio: open ou -hvf DATE_TIME: nonspecific changes ou -hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou -oct DATE_TIME: normal ou -disc photos DATE_TIME: 0.25 / 0.30 >iop stable >cont txe qam ou 2. early cataracts ou -not vis signif >observe 3. suboptimal vision ou -likely amblyopia; pt states her vision is normal/clear when wearing glasses -stable bcva f/u 6 mos: coe, mrx", "gpt4_summary": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08593", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "filename": "data_08593.npz", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio.", "age": 53.87, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "53 yro male PERSON anesthesiologist 1. myopia with mild astigmatism; presbyopia ou - small change in ou - c/o hard for near reading - discusses pal glasses; pt wants to try - new rx=mrx given to pt per request - pt ed adaptation period with pal 2. h/o scls wearing - does not wear cls - not interested in cls exam today 3. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio - negative f/h glaucoma - iop DATE_TIME: 16/16 - c/d ratio: od: 0.60; os: 0.65; PERSON: 547; osl 544 in DATE_TIME rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline thinning sup and nasal: stable since DATE_TIME; borderline nasally os - oct gcc DATE_TIME: normal ou - hvf in DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: PERSON, monitor DATE_TIME. retinal lattice degeneration ou - no tears/holes, LOCATION precaution reviewed with pt 5. mild mgd/des ou - suggest warm compresses bid - at's prn", "gpt4_summary": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08595", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "filename": "data_08595.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD.", "age": 83.06, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) s/p phaco/pciol os (DATE_TIME): well-healed, drops stopped 2) s/p phaco/PERSON (DATE_TIME): stable 3) amblyopia/esotropia os: stable 4) ptosis right upper lid: mild, stable - follow 5) itching: mild -zaditor or artificial tears 6) glaucoma suspect (incr cup/disc): pressure are normal, corneas are thin ou, visual field testing is reassuring DATE_TIME. the optical coherence tomography shows slight thinning od but no worsening over DATE_TIME. -no meds for now -return for testing DATE_TIME, but could stop after that if still stable dfe: 10/20 vf: 10/20 DATE_TIME gonio: 10/16 tmax: 19, 20 cct: 512, 529 fhx: unknown 7) refractive: happy without glasses for distance -cont with only otc for near", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08598", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "filename": "data_08598.npz", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable.", "age": 89.6, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# mixed mechanism glaucoma (poag ou / cacg os): cct 450/440 tm unknown to pt; iop goal is low teens. pt with significant LOCATION os esp. relative to level of on change. PERSON: s/p phaco combined with trabectome DATE_TIME od; s/p combined with trabeculectomy os DATE_TIME. s/p trabeculectomy od DATE_TIME - postop course significant for choroidal effusions which spontaneously resolved over DATE_TIME. progression on vf od may be related to brvo, os may be related to iop elevation prior to trab. \u00ff had had recurrent choroidals od after slow taper of durezol and in context of iop in the single digits. resolved od after restarting durezol although has been recurrent PERSON was high in context of hsv keratitis os/dendrite that resolved with PERSON. b scan DATE_TIME: mild choroidal effusion, no vitreitis \u00ff # brvo od , PERSON ; prev vascular event in os with me os - anti vegf per dr miller # corneal ulcer, od noted DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: minimal improvement with q1 hour vigamox. PERSON added DATE_TIME: appears slightly improved based on description after adding PERSON/day and only using vigamox 4-5x/day od. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff we prev discussed surgery several times but he is hesitant given age plan: od presumed fungal infection -- resolved becoming pthysical remains on valtrex os vision is stable DATE_TIME macular edema , seeing PERSON getting anti vegf injections tarsorrhaphy left eye intraocular pressure DATE_TIME excellent visual field is stable vs DATE_TIME continue cosopt pf tid os alphagan p tid os zioptan qhs os rhopressa DATE_TIME mths intraocular pressure ; dilate , disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08599", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "filename": "data_08599.npz", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma.", "age": 62.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, but low iop and normal hvf and oct nuclear sclerosis ou mgd/dry ou pituitary adenoma refr error periocular discomfort os--after concussion and iv glutathione injection --unchanged eye exam plan: warm compr/art tears f/u with pcp cos yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08600", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08600.jpg", "filename": "data_08600.npz", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications.", "age": 78.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. latanoprost persists with lid wipe use, consider punctal plugs first then switching medications. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08602", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "filename": "data_08602.npz", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed.", "age": 48.32, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "47 y.o. male # vitreous syneresis ou >rd warning signs and symptoms reviewed with patient. # myopia/presbyopia >cont current wear # dry eyes >at qid prn >warm compresses >discussed taking periodic breaks from prolonged reading and computer use. # glaucoma suspect -pachy 554/547 -neg fhx -gonio: open ou -hvf DATE_TIME: od full; os sup and inf arc deficits -oct DATE_TIME: PERSON thinning (worse); os inf thinning (stable to slightly worse) f/u DATE_TIME: hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08603", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "filename": "data_08603.npz", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cancer 7. htn and hyperlipidemia recommendations: 1. oct optic nerve DATE_TIME. follow up in DATE_TIME with repeated vf, before if needed 3. repeat the mri orbits with contrast it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. sincerely, PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08607", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "filename": "data_08607.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history.", "age": 81.33, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) refractive: changed -give new rx for glasses 2) s/p phaco od (DATE_TIME): stable 3) glaucoma suspect (increased cup/disc): pressures are ok; pachymetry is fine, optical coherence tomography is within normal limits and the visual fields show only a right upper LOCATION (old stroke), no family history. gonio is open ou. -repeat testing DATE_TIME dfe: 6/18 vf: DATE_TIME: 12/18 gonio: 12/18 tmax: 17, 17 cct: 516, 532 fhx: no 4) dry eyes: mild -artificial tears as needed 5) s/p phaco os (DATE_TIME): stable", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08608", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "filename": "data_08608.npz", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear.", "age": 58.59, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "58 m for glaucoma f/u. has tried taking timolol in the am but found that he could not do so reliably, so he has returned to taking in the the evening. # glaucoma, both eyes, on latanoprost qhs ou and timolol qhs os [ s/p slt ou (DATE_TIME PERSON at bmc) [ fhx: unknown [ cct: 535,534 [ oct DATE_TIME: sup > PERSON, PERSON > sup thinning os (may be confounded by erm) [ hvf DATE_TIME: full od, generalized depression with inf nasal defect os - iop acceptable at this time and near physiologic minimum in the left eye - continue latanoprost ou qhs and timolol os qhs (could not take reliably in the morning) # cataract, both eyes. not visually significant in both eyes. - continue to monitor. # epiretinal membrane, left eye. not visually significant enough to warrant surgery. - monitor. # peripheral retinal tear, left eye, s/p laser retinopexy (DATE_TIME) # refractive error - f/u with PERSON as needed rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08609", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08609.jpg", "filename": "data_08609.npz", "report": "Patient to undergo baerveldt tube surgery on left eye, handled by PERSON at LOCATION. Diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma. No blood thinners used.", "age": 65.12, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "please schedule this patient (PERSON) for surgery: baerveldt tube laterality: left eye surgeon: PERSON, LOCATION level: 2 diagnoses associated with this procedure for booking: primary open angle glaucoma, severe, left eye anesthesia: mac plus topical and sub-tenon's case duration: DATE_TIME operating time blood thinners: this patient is not on blood thinners please send me confirmation message with the date when scheduled. thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "Patient to undergo baerveldt tube surgery on left eye, handled by PERSON at LOCATION. Diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma. No blood thinners used.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08613", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08613.jpg", "filename": "data_08613.npz", "report": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned.", "age": 51.29, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "the right optic nerve head -?shunting of venous blood flow because of #1 4. s/p clipping of supraclinoid aneurysm 5. choroidal nevus od -suggested follow up with ophthalmology vs retina. recommendations: 1. review mri once uploaded 2. referral to URLeitag 3. return to neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08617", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "filename": "data_08617.npz", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months.", "age": 58.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "assessment/plan: 58 y.o. male 1) glaucoma suspect -incr c/d -famhx neg -iop ?within normal limits (low teens) -tmax: unk. -tgoal: low teens -pachy: 559/530 -oct DATE_TIME: borderline signal strength, sup thinning od, wnl os -oct DATE_TIME: superior PERSON, nl os -hvf DATE_TIME shows ? early LOCATION arcuate defect os (though likely rim artifact), PERSON DATE_TIME: od high false negatives - ? early LOCATION defect vs rim, os borderline high fixation losses - cloverleaf-like pattern -gonio open to ss 360 ou >superior rim somewhat thinner od, which correlates with oct but not with hvf. no evidence of progression on oct. hvf findings out of proportion to on appearance and oct. ? 2) incipient cataracts -not visually significant >observe ? 3) refractive error - rx given at last appt plan: observe f/u 6-9 months with disc photos, hvf (try left eye first) sooner prn i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08618", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08618.jpg", "filename": "data_08618.npz", "report": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment.", "age": 62.19, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 510 / 496 gonioscopy: c35b 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning, average 91 um retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning, average 93 um visual fields, right eye: non-specific defects visual fields, left eye: non-specific defects family history: mother (no history of glaucoma surgeries or blindness) steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: osa, htn, hld, depression assessment/plan: 62 y.o. female # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - iop acceptable ou, exam and oct reassuring, not a great first vf testing quality - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf, dilate, oct, disc photos # pterygium, right eye - occasionally gets inflamed, can use chilled artificial tears, not interested in excision at this time # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08621", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "filename": "data_08621.npz", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens.", "age": 18.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "continue these activities in the future. following a discussion on DATE_TIME, i approved of him returning to weight lifting. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 20 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 20 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on cosopt bid os. -continue cosopt bid os. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for trauma care. -mrx given to patient at his request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx/mrx, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if oct worsens further, he may need a much lower goal and brimonidine added. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08624", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "filename": "data_08624.npz", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation.", "age": 66.35, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "asymmetry DATE_TIME (levator repair/fat advancement) - per oculoplastics dr. PERSON - doing well at this time - maintains good upper lid height & contour 5. corneal pannus os - longstanding, stable overall - h/o corneal ulcer in the left eye a long time ago per patient (details unclear) - previously evaluated by dr. PERSON who felt this was possibly 2/2 the ulcer - nonvisually significant - observe 6. operculated retinal PERSON flat per dfe DATE_TIME - no new flashes or floaters per patient - monitor DATE_TIME. cataract ou - nonvisually significant - observe plan: order 3rd new rgp od in the envision aspheric design and ship direct to the patient to compare. may continue wearing the 1st spherical eo pair in the interim. will return front surface toric rgp od for warranty exchange. reviewed proper cl hygiene/care. recommend use of artificial tears/rewetting drops as needed for comfort. continue with use of plus readers over the distance contacts as needed for near activities. retinal detachment precautions reviewed in detail. followup DATE_TIME cl progress evaluation. have new rgp od already inserted DATE_TIME prior to the followup. will also need iop check and gonioscopy thereafter. advised patient to bring copies of her prior glaucoma tests at the next visit for review if possible. rtc sooner as needed with any concerns.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08625", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "filename": "data_08625.npz", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit.", "age": 71.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female presenting for dmtii. PERSON: dmtii, brain tumor saw dr. PERSONME, referred by dr. PERSON for PERSON saw me DATE_TIME \u00ff # dmtii with retinopathy last a1c 7.4 dx ~2015 previously PERSON, os mild-moderate; DATE_TIME no evidence of PERSON/bg control \u00ff # pvd ou stable - continue to monitor \u00ff # pseudophakia ou od: clear centrally s/p yag os: clear centrally - continue to monitor \u00ff # right sphenoid ring meningioma s/p craniotomy DATE_TIME - no apd - colors full DATE_TIME DATE_TIME - optic nerves sharp - vision 20/20 - previously followed with dr. PERSON; now has neurologist because of a new recent stroke - hvf DATE_TIME reliable and scattered defects but overall full note: rnfl oct performed incidentally. does reveal large c/d with superior thinning of rims - will do baseline glaucoma testing at next visit follow up in DATE_TIME; NRP, rnfl oct, cct, disc photos _____________________ PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08627", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "filename": "data_08627.npz", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops.", "age": 79.93, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "od but was not in enough pain to consider this option at the time #pvd ou plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 46.4 10.7 could not get accurate reading on PERSON , comfort od, acceptable PERSON has end-stage cacg right eye, mod-severe os but has difficulty maintaining follow up and taking his drops. *he was last seen by dr. LOCATION in DATE_TIME and is here to re-establish care. he is overdue for testing os (oct rnfl, LOCATION, and hvf all os only). *in DATE_TIME, he was considering enucleation od with oculoplastics due to pain od but has not followed up with glaucoma, cornea, or oculoplastics since that time. *there is scattered peripheral anterior synechiae on gonioscopy left eye, which supports the diagnosis of chronic angle closure glaucoma left eye. *though optical coherence tomography is green left eye, closer inspection shows it to be notched to rim left eye superiorly. *humphrey visual field left eye shows stable inferior attitudinal defect when compared to DATE_TIME. *i am changing his diagnosis left eye to mod-severe chronic angle closure glaucoma. - restart latanoprost once a day at bedtime in the left eye only - goal of od is comfort care - monocular precautions last dilated exam: DATE_TIME ou last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME os only last visual field: DATE_TIME os only baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME os only cell: PHONE_NUMBER return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure check on ltn *he will see optom on DATE_TIME and they will refract him PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08628", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "filename": "data_08628.npz", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 51.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "nerve compression. on my evaluation, the visual acuity is 20/20 in both eyes with normal color vision ou. there is a clear relative afferent pupillary defect on the right. there is a 4mm proptosis of the right eye which induces a temporal scleral show on abduction. however, the extraocular motility is full ou and the alternate cover test does not reveal any ocular misalignment. cranial nerves v1-v2 function is normal. automated visual fields done with good reliability revealed an inferior arcuate defect on the right. dilated fundus exam revealed swelling of the right optic nerve head. i obtained a ganglion cell segmentation of the macula which demonstrated ganglion cell loss superiorly in the right eye. this correlates with the inferior visual field defect noted DATE_TIME. this patient's findings are consistent with a compressive optic neuropathy in the right eye, induced by a sphenoid meningioma invading the right orbital apex. prominence of the extraocular muscle was also noted on imaging DATE_TIME suggesting thyroid eye disease. the patient has a history of hashimoto's disease which can cause thyroid eye disease, although uncommonly. she has a follow up planned with dr.kasper who is planning a surgery likely in collaboration with dr.PERSON. i would like to see her again DATE_TIME before surgery in order to have a baseline visual function evaluation pre-operatively. impression: 1. sphenoid wing meningioma with invasion of the right orbital apex 2. right compressive optic neuropathy secondary to #1 3. right eye proptosis secondary to #1 recommendations: 1. follow up as planned with dr.PERSON 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination DATE_TIME before surgery PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08629", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "filename": "data_08629.npz", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds.", "age": 26.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient presents for evaluation due to blurry vision in both eyes for DATE_TIME. she has a history of occasional migraine headaches and is currently experiencing one. her examination shows excellent afferent function. automated perimetry DATE_TIME showed a global depression more so nasally in the right eye, and superior arcuate defect left eye. repeat automated perimetry DATE_TIME was unreliable and showed global depression both eyes. however, her visual fields are full to confrontation bilaterally. fundus exam shows mild disc edema bilaterally. mri brain and mrv showed no abnormalities. ultrasound did not show any optic nerve head drusen. bilateral disc edema raises concern for increased intracranial pressure, although she is not having constant or positional headaches or any other symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure. given that she has excellent afferent function, we will monitor her for now and consider an lp if her symptoms worsen. she is also complaining of blurry vision at near, although she read well at distance DATE_TIME. it is unclear why this is the case. she is on many psychiatric medications, so there may be anti-cholinergic effects that can be affecting her accomodation. we will consider a goldmann visual field at the next visit. impression: 1. bilateral disc edema 2. migraine headaches plan: 1. follow up in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology resident PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER cc. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08630", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08630.jpg", "filename": "data_08630.npz", "report": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history.", "age": 64.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio ou tmax 16,15 cct 645 ou (thick ou). no family history of glaucoma; s/p lpi ou (DATE_TIME PERSON) to address narrow angle component ou. angles are open and lpis patent ou. ghost images have resolved (were present x DATE_TIME) hvf full ou oct wnl ou dp stable iop controlled ou plan: observe 2. mild cataract is present ou that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/u DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, md to gonio before dilation, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08631", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "filename": "data_08631.npz", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 37.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient with a history of membranous nephropathy with a recent flare, currently on rituximab infusions, who presented for a follow up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. in terms of iih, she is doing well on a total dose of 2000 mg od diamox (the dose was recently increased by her nephrologist in order to treat fluid retention from the nephropathy) and her optic discs look unchanged. however, DATE_TIME she was noted to have new afferent pupillary defect os, new inferior arcuate visual field defect and a LOCATION macular lesion os corresponding to the visual field loss. the patient reports intermittently seeing a 'blurry spot' in her left eye for the past DATE_TIME. we obtained a fluorescein angiogram and an oct through the lesion. there is a thickening of the inner retinal layers on oct and no vitritis, thus inflammatory or infectious etiology seems less likely. notably, the fluorescein angiogram did not show vasculitis. the findings were discussed with the retina fellow dr. PERSON and the patient will be scheduled at the retina clinic within DATE_TIME. i will see her again in DATE_TIME or sooner if needed. impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial pressure 2. membranous nephropathy, on rituximab 3. new (fall, DATE_TIME) superior macular lesion of unknown etiology os \u00ff recommendations: 1. continue diamox 1000mg bid 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08632", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "filename": "data_08632.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 72.44, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 30 / 23 central corneal thickness: 578 / 585 corneal hysteresis: 11.2 / 11.8 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: fall with left orbital fracture DATE_TIME asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld, s/p gastric sleeve assessment/plan: 72 y.o. female working in Institution grant review # ocular hypertension, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME) - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue to monitor without initiating topical treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/p left orbital floor fracture repair (DATE_TIME) - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor - she mentioned that she would be interested in advanced technology lens when time comes for surgery, which would be reasonable if iop and nerves remain healthy PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08633", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08633.jpg", "filename": "data_08633.npz", "report": "The patient has asymptomatic glaucoma, currently managed by a regimen of various medications. However, due to the extensive treatment, tube shunt surgery is recommended.", "age": 34.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "membrane od asymptomatic monitor plan continue current regimen for now as iop at goal- combigan bid od simbrinza bid od rhopressa qhs od lotemax qhs od latanoprost qhs od acetazolamide po 250mg bid discussed situation with patient. would recommend tube shunt surgery, likely PERSON, in near future given extensive treatment burden. printed information sheet on tube shunts provided. patient to think about it. return DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has asymptomatic glaucoma, currently managed by a regimen of various medications. However, due to the extensive treatment, tube shunt surgery is recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08634", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "filename": "data_08634.npz", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 56.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative retinopathy and macular edema mild persistent asthma without complication chronic sinusitis health care maintenance nafld (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) overweight low back pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08637", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08637.jpg", "filename": "data_08637.npz", "report": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression.", "age": 75.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "75 m hx nmo, htn, LOCATION, hld, cad s/p cabg, carotid stenosis, ckd, ild initially referred by PERSON for evaluation of ocular hypertension \u00ff # likely pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, right eye, with significantly greater ocular hypertension compared with the last visit. superimposed upon optic neuropathy in the right eye related to neuromyelitis optica. [ fhx: no [ cct: 577,565 [ gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb ou, no pas , mild sampoelesi line od [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression with paracentral nasal sparing od (comparable to DATE_TIME), full os [ oct DATE_TIME: superior and inferior thinning od, full os - given high iop, discussed high risk of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy superimposed on his existing optic neuropathy in the right eye. recommended iop-lowering therapy in the right eye. - discussed that iop in the left eye is acceptable but borderline; recommended iop lowering in the left eye as well given monocular status. - also discussed that pxf may accelerate cataract growth and may complicate cataract surgery in the future - start latanoprost qhs ou rtc DATE_TIME for iop check, sooner prn\u00ff previously: # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff # hx neuromyelitis optica with PERSON antibodies, on ivig therapy # optic neuropathy, right eye, due to prior optic neuritis - f/u with PERSON and PERSON (neurology) as scheduled \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08638", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08638.jpg", "filename": "data_08638.npz", "report": "56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient has been consulted and coordinated for care.", "age": 56.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient has been consulted and coordinated for care.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08646", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "filename": "data_08646.npz", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed.", "age": 78.41, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "78 yo NRP retired cancer pharmacology researcher with history of hypercholesterolemia, gerd, osteoporosis, PERSON's esophagus, bronchiectasis lee with me DATE_TIME. here for f/u after starting ethambutol notes distance isn't as clear in church, doesn't wear glasses. notes sl blur of vertical lines os at near >> resolved with refraction DATE_TIME. cataracts ou -astigmatism os likely cause of monocular diplopia, glare -given mrx in polycarbonates 2/16, updated DATE_TIME. PERSON/dense refractive amblyopia os -s/p strabismus surgery as a teenager -notes left eye drifts outwards occasionally, but not particularly bothered by this 3. pulmonary mai, started ethambutol 800 mg qd (used in past at 1250 mg x DATE_TIME then 750 qd, no problems) (another course DATE_TIME (800 mg qd)) >> 2/16: plans to start ethambutol again, awaiting sensitivities. no signs of optic neuropathy 2/16, with color vision full, no apd. no macular disturbance >> DATE_TIME: on ethambutol, rifampin, azithromycin since DATE_TIME (planned DATE_TIME per patient) macula DATE_TIME: normal, intact ellipsoid layer ou hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME: pt fatigued during examination (first had 10-2 instead of 24-2 hvf) od fixation losses, enlarged bs. similar to prior os high fixation losses, enlarged bs. >> will follow with hvf in DATE_TIME, with enlarged bs ou in setting of fixation losses. hvf 10-2 DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou DATE_TIME: no dyschromatopsia >> hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, enlarged bs similar to prior, full. os full DATE_TIME: PERSON ou, intact ellipsoid layer macula DATE_TIME: wnl ou, intact is/os junction macula DATE_TIME: wnl ou, intact is/os junction macula DATE_TIME: wnl ou PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08647", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "filename": "data_08647.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details.", "age": 78.33, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "for >DATE_TIME; she is originally from LOCATION. patient has a h/o cva (~1998) with h/o PERSON (not completely evident on hvf on DATE_TIME). she leaves for LOCATION on DATE_TIME! attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on combigan bid ou and rhopressa qhs ou. -continue PERSON bid ou => sample given on DATE_TIME. -continue rhopressa qhs ou => sample given on DATE_TIME. -start zioptan qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -oct worsened ou on DATE_TIME and od on DATE_TIME. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -mrx given at patient request on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME (re-printed from DATE_TIME). -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os, dilation ou, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if above goal or progression in the future, consider slt versus xen gel stent versus versus vyzulta. if rhopressa becomes bothersome od/ou, consider slt od/ou in future. consider punctal plugs ou if dry eye symptoms persist despite increasing pf at usage. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08648", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08648.jpg", "filename": "data_08648.npz", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found.", "age": 44.56, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect low suspicion target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 648 / 647 corneal hysteresis: 11.5/10.2 gonioscopy: open to ciliary body band both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: dm2, ckd, hypothyroid, dvt DATE_TIME on apixaban initial note: no evidence of glaucoma, healthy nerves, normal low intraocular pressure, thick corneas plan: follow up DATE_TIME with optometry for dilated exam PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08652", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "filename": "data_08652.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment.", "age": 79.88, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "glaucoma suspect refered by PERSON risks include race, PERSON (grandmother and aunt) central corneal thickness 510s optical coherence tomography with retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and some segmentation errors humphrey visual field with generalized depression right eye, left eye with possible inferior deficit but not realiable ons with good rim intraocular pressure 22 on latanoprost qhs both eyes continue latanaprost for now, repeat humphrey visual field next visit pciol ou stable \u00ff old crvo od s/p lucentis x 3 (last DATE_TIME) and s/p PERSON (DATE_TIME) and then switched to eylea x 3 (DATE_TIME) to chronic cme when she was lost to follow up oct shows minimal cme with relatively good vision monitor \u00ff type 2 dm bg/bp control allergies - pt reports itching and watering, bothersome - DATE_TIME bid both eyes as needed 6 ml humphrey visual field and intraocular pressure/gonio", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08654", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08654.jpg", "filename": "data_08654.npz", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed.", "age": 64.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "eyes - continue acetazolamide 250mg qid severe disease intraocular pressure poorly controlled, too high for health of optic nerve recommend trabeculectomy left eye ; some scarring from prior pars plana vitrectomy increased risk of recurrent retinal detachment discussed may need repeat cyclophotocoagulation right eye i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of trabeculectomy surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of cyclodestructive surgery including but not limited to the following: vision loss, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure, lack of desired effect, prolonged inflammation, possible progression of cataracts, hypotony. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08659", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "filename": "data_08659.npz", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up.", "age": 74.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 536 / 526 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: early vertical thinning visual fields, right eye: dense superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: grossly full, watch for inferior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, hld, depression, restless leg syndrome, hypothyroidism assessment/plan: 74 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, moderate right eye, mild left eye - iop acceptable ou - continue brimonidine bid od, PERSON - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos - will request records from PERSON's office # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08660", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "filename": "data_08660.npz", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan.", "age": 75.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "75 y.o. male # s/p phaco/PERSONIME, os DATE_TIME -doing well # glaucoma suspect, ocular hypertension ou -no family hx -tmax 26/27 -pachy: 574/572 -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou -gonio: open ou -good iop reduction on lumigan >cont lumigan qhs ou # pvd os, PERSON -no retinal detachments/tears >rd warnings signs and symptoms reviewed # blepharitis >warm compresses / lid hygiene bid >omega-3 fatty acids rtc DATE_TIME: coe, hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08663", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08663.jpg", "filename": "data_08663.npz", "report": "The patient is closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They discussed the potential for phaco/ecp surgery due to visually significant cataracts. The patient decided to defer the surgery.", "age": 79.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -mrx given upon patient's request on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i think she is a good phaco/ecp candidate od, then os given borderline PERSON and h/o narrow angles. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given that her cataracts are visually significant od>os, we proceeded with phaco/ecp od on DATE_TIME. we discussed aiming plano od with the potential of monovision with os for near in the future depending on where she ends up od. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx ou, bat os, optical biometry ou, hvf os, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. patient wishes to defer phaco/ecp for now knowing anisometropia may get in the way of having best vision possible. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They discussed the potential for phaco/ecp surgery due to visually significant cataracts. The patient decided to defer the surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08664", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08664.jpg", "filename": "data_08664.npz", "report": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses.", "age": 48.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. imp: cupping and borderline pressures ou; testing again unchanged refr error plan: rx=m glasses", "gpt4_summary": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08666", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "filename": "data_08666.npz", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error.", "age": 62.43, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "62 m hx htn # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes, with healthy-appearing nerve rims [ fhx: no [ cct: 562,568 [ oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - likely low risk at this time. no intervention required. continue to monitor. # old posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes. no retinal breaks seen. - monitor; return for new symptoms. # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. # refractive error (astigmatism and presbyopia), doing well with current over-the-counter glasses. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08668", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "filename": "data_08668.npz", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye.", "age": 45.38, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "45 m hx etoh d/o for f/u of glaucoma # likely glaucoma, both eyes, with progressive nerve fibre layer thinning. ddx is alcohol optic neuropathy though would expect more pallor and less cupping. [ s/p slt 360 deg od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME [ fhx: no [ tmax: 33,31 [ cct: 534,523 [ oct DATE_TIME: st and it thinning od, LOCATION > it thinning os [ hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable with central depression od, generalized depression os - discussed importance of etoh cessation. has been doing much better lately. - discussed importance of treatment and f/u for glaucoma; natural history is progressive visual loss and eventual blindness. - doing well s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. no eyedrops needed at this time. \u00ff\u00ff # dry eye syndrome, mild. - artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). \u00ff\u00ff # history of medial canthal cyst, left eye, s/p excision (PERSON) \u00ff\u00ff defers dilation DATE_TIME rtc DATE_TIME with hvf/oct/dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08669", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08669.jpg", "filename": "data_08669.npz", "report": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies.", "age": 77.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "77 yo woman 1) s/p uncomplicated phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME doing well. ? 2) cataract od. slightly worse. pt notices that night driving a bit more challenging. -pt beginning to notice glare. not otherwise bothered. plan: observe ? 3) des - at 4) oag suspect. slight c/d asymmetry (os>od). hvf normal ou DATE_TIME. oct normal. continue to monitor. 5) small area of cr atrophy in nasal midperipheral retina os. unchanged. monitor 6) seasonal allergies - try pataday qd ou. ? return DATE_TIME with iop check and dilated exam.", "gpt4_summary": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08674", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08674.jpg", "filename": "data_08674.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "age": 53.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08675", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "filename": "data_08675.npz", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 34.28, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); hvf, gcc, gvf 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication or management with PERSON with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08682", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "filename": "data_08682.npz", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion.", "age": 72.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "72 yo woman with history of eczema, rosacea, s/p endometrial ca surgery DATE_TIME, bcc middle back 1980, melanoma in situ calf ~2005-2010 1. keratoconus -minimal signs (PERSON), subtle fleischer ring od noted DATE_TIME -stopped rgps due to discomfort -saw dr. PERSON in past -saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME: moderate od and mild os, stable c/w 2013, to f/u prn -declined mrx DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME. mrx DATE_TIME. cataract ou -stable, will follow 3. glaucoma suspect - based on c/d ratio -told of rnfl thinning on exam outside -no family history (limited history) -cct unclear tmax here 17 (usually near 10 ou) gonio open ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou (od subthreshhold in depression) hvf DATE_TIME: od good reliability, inferior borderline losses, similar to DATE_TIME os good reliability, inferior borderline losses hvf DATE_TIME: od high fixation losses, likely full. os full hvf DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME): reliable ou od: borderline inferonasal depression, PERSON: full, LOCATION oct DATE_TIME: stable ou (shifted peaks ou) oct DATE_TIME: stable ou (shifted peaks ou) oct DATE_TIME: od full. os borderline temporal thinning. stable ou, shifted peaks ou oct DATE_TIME: shifted peak os; full ou >> will follow 4. mgd/blepharitis, mild des -worse with antihistamine use -at prn, wc 5. choroidal folds od - superotemporally with subtle elevation and underlying small choroidal nevus -likely corresponds to area of in depression on hvf 24-2 >> saw dr. aronow DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME, to f/u prn 6. retinoschisis os -inferotemporally, no breaks >> evaluated by dr. PERSON as above, to f/u prn 7. new left lower lid lesion -history of skin cancer - melanoma on back calf, basal cell DATE_TIME -reports DATE_TIME with interval growth, occasional itching, no bleeding, 3.5x3mm with telangiectatic vessels >>referral to oculoplastic", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08686", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08686.jpg", "filename": "data_08686.npz", "report": "The patient is a 70-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who displays no signs or diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 70.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 70-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who displays no signs or diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08693", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08693.jpg", "filename": "data_08693.npz", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy.", "age": 58.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "pt here for second opinion on new glc diagnosis pt had dilated exam DATE_TIME by outside PERSON: +family history (mother, brother) cct 563/550 no trauma, no steroid use procedures/meds: none testing: DATE_TIME oct no thinning ou hvf: full normal ou DATE_TIME: iop excellent ou assessment: physiologic cupping without signs of glaucoma plan: monitor off therapy as low risk glc suspect rtc 9-12 months for dfe and repeat oct rnfl ou and repeat hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08696", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "filename": "data_08696.npz", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment.", "age": 89.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cataract os - plan sn6-wf 19.5 - in setting of pxf - dilates well, discussed risks with pxf - defer surgery for now - recheck in DATE_TIME # poag - poag diagnosed by dr. PERSON, was on cosopt/latanoprost, PERSON 18/21 - tmax 25/28 in epic by tonopen - cct - 594/589, thick ou - c/d - 0.3. 0.6 - family history - unknown - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - full ou, central defects os - DATE_TIME - full od, unable to test os - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME- full od, os with possible superior thinning - DATE_TIME - full od, unable to test os - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - repeat testing os after ce/iol os # posterior vitreous detachment ou - extended ophthalmoscopy shows no retinal tears/detachment. - retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows. - rtc urgently for any of the above signs rtc for ce/iol os, to be scheduled - block/distance PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08700", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08700.jpg", "filename": "data_08700.npz", "report": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye.", "age": 62.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON parkman st boston ma 02114 patient: PERSON mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: i saw our mutual patient, PERSON, for a follow-up eye examination. please find below a summary of the examination, assessment, and plan. thank you for allowing me to participate in this patient's care. vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/40-1 j2 14 left 20/40 j2 14 assessment and plan: 62 m hx htn, dm previously saw PERSON, last visit DATE_TIME. transferring to the stoneham location. # mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, both eyes, without evidence of clinically significant macular edema. - no specific ocular intervention needed at this time. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. # s/p cataract surgery, right eye (DATE_TIME PERSON), doing well # cataract, left eye. not yet visually significant to warrant surgery in the left eye. - continue to monitor. # glaucoma suspect with cup/disc asymmetry, left > right eye [ fhx: no [ cct: 564,551 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression ou - previously evaluated by PERSON in DATE_TIME for visual field test suspicious for bitemporal defect; mri unremarkable. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # refractive error, needs glasses. - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON with you. sincerely, , PERSON no recipients", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08704", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08704.jpg", "filename": "data_08704.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects.", "age": 73.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "retina management 2. neuro-ophthalmic follow-up as needed PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, optometry resident) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above) 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by drs. PERSON with respect to management, this patient has a . - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08706", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08706.jpg", "filename": "data_08706.npz", "report": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed.", "age": 64.33, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on 02/23/22off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -follow-up with dr. PERSON/dr. PERSON for retina care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, pachymetry ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (neal patel, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08708", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "filename": "data_08708.npz", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 73.4, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient reports improved vision od, and my exam showed marked improvement, now with an acuity of 20/30 (vs. hand motion last time). given this improvement, i was able to obtain automated perimetry, which showed field loss mostly inferiorly and somewhat temporally od. the right optic nerve head has become pale, as expected. enlarged optic nerve cups ou are unchanged. this patient has recovered markedly from her attack of optic neuritis, although the recovery did not occur as quickly with the iv corticosteroids as can sometimes be seen. the specific etiology is not know with certainty - demyelination is a primary consideration, although her age at presentation and lack of cerebral lesions is against this diagnosis. however, her daughter does have a history of ms and rheumatoid arthritis; i had queried whether daughter was ever tested for nmo and mog but patient did not want to pursue this information because of her daughter's psychological condition. she is not being followed by a neurologist. i recommended that she do so and she agreed to see her daughter's neurologist at PERSON. impression: 1. atypical right optic neuritis, ? etiology 2. daughter has 'ms' and rheumatoid arthritis plan: 1. return to neuro-op in DATE_TIME. consultation her daughter's neurology at PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08715", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "filename": "data_08715.npz", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week.", "age": 69.99, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "69 yo bank receptionist with history of htn, sciatica DATE_TIME seen in ew DATE_TIME for viral conjunctivitis after returning from cruise \u00ff 1. c/d asymmetry od>os tmax 20/21. cct 596/616 (thick). +mother was a glaucoma patient of dr. PERSON (passed away 11/13) hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: od inferior borderline losses, non-specific. os full. hvf DATE_TIME: full ou (tr enlarged bs od). hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou, stable DATE_TIME: PERSON ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: PERSON ou oct DATE_TIME: od borderline inferior thinning. PERSON. disc photos 5/12 >> will follow \u00ff 2. guttae ou continues to have intermittent blurry vision in the am, no worsening. since using hairdryer, has noted improvement, able to work on computer with clarity. defers PERSON (dislikes PERSON). still using hairdryer 4x/wk and it's working well -cct DATE_TIME: 574/564 -cct DATE_TIME: 596/616 \u00ff 3. cataract ou - nvs, monitor >> updated mrx DATE_TIME for reading glasses \u00ff 4. dry eye/mgd - having sx of burning/tearing a few times per wk, very mild spk on exam - rec at prn f/u DATE_TIME PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08718", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08718.jpg", "filename": "data_08718.npz", "report": "The patient is a 69-year-old non-Hispanic white female. She does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 69.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 69-year-old non-Hispanic white female. She does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08719", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08719.jpg", "filename": "data_08719.npz", "report": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations.", "age": 70.61, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "limitation in superior visual field ou 3. schedule for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations note prepared with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08720", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "filename": "data_08720.npz", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts.", "age": 80.78, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. patient referred by dr. PERSON for advanced glaucoma. she was originally schedule for cataract surgery with outside surgeon, but came here for second opinion. she was not aware that her glaucoma was this advanced. diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma, severe os>od target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 524 / 526 gonioscopy: ptm/ss od, ss with few pas os refractive error: PERSON . LOCATION . 095 / os +3.50 . DATE_TIME . 140 optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): superior/inferior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): superior/inferior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): deep inferior>superior arcuate visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): superior altitudinal, deep inferior arcuate medication history at first visit: latanoprost, brimonidine medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother, mgm steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. primary open angle glaucoma, severe os>od -discussed likely need for glaucoma surgery -recommend phaco/tube os, consider PERSON vs baerveldt -target iop 12 2. ns cataracts ou -visually significant, glare, difficulty driving -discussed preference for combined phaco/glaucoma surgery plan: -continue latanoprost 1/1, brimonidine 3/3 -start cosopt 2/2 -plan for phaco/tube os, consider PERSON vs baerveldt rtc DATE_TIME for iop check and dilation; okay to schedule phaco/tube os", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08721", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "filename": "data_08721.npz", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis.", "age": 63.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON: DATE_TIME outside -- pt reports previous clinic is still in the process of faxing notes to Institution dilate pt w/ pe 2.5% hyperopia w/ presbyopia ou pt flies drones optional rx given otc handout given w/ corrections h/o narrow angles ou s/PERSON -- DATE_TIME in LOCATION safe to dilate w/ pe 2.5% risks include: age, c/d asym, increased c/d pt will investigate PERSON oct (DATE_TIME) rnfl and gcl normal ou hvf 24-2 (DATE_TIME) done fhx of amd paternal aunt mild ptosis observe warned interventions may lead to chronic dryness f/u in DATE_TIME for oct, dfe w/ pe 2.5%, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08724", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "filename": "data_08724.npz", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned.", "age": 82.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "82 yo former construction worker with history of cad s/p cabg 5/11, atrial fibrillation (s/p pacer DATE_TIME, now on coumadin), severe tr/mr, PERSON and bcc excisions from face, metastatic parotid scc (s/p l total parotidectomy and l neck dissection 3/14), s/p cva DATE_TIME (l carotid occlusion and l crao) 1. cataract od>os >> requested mrx DATE_TIME as backup, given in polycarbonates 2. s/p crao os DATE_TIME - continue monocular precautions 3. rosacea blepharitis ou - has used emn and PERSON in past prn, prefers emn >> refilled DATE_TIME. corneal scar od and mdf os - asymptomatic 5. incr c/d ratio tmax 18 ou. cct 546/528. no fhx. hvf DATE_TIME: od scattered non-specific central depression. os dense depression generalized hvf DATE_TIME: od reliable and full hvf DATE_TIME: od full (50% fixation losses). os unable DATE_TIME: od superior and borderline inferior thinning (similar to DATE_TIME, but sl worse than DATE_TIME) os inferior thinning (inf worse than 1/13, but missing information inferiorly) DATE_TIME: od superior and borderline inferior thinning, sl worse cw 1/13 and 12/11. os superior and inferior thinning, stable oct DATE_TIME: od borderline superior and inferior thinning, stable. os thinning superior and inferiorly, decr signal strength DATE_TIME: od borderline superior and inferior thinning. os thinning - likely real but details of scan likely artifact disc photo DATE_TIME: sloping rim, approx 0.65 od. os 0.8, pallor >> will continue to follow closely in this monocular man. iop great, watch superior PERSON, here for repeat hvf rosacea bleph ou od endothelial/posterior stromal scar superonasal to axis os mdf superiorly LOCATION focally os nc3no2 vitreous os pvd c/d od 0.7 sloping with ppa (difficult to calc rim 2/2 ppa), no disc heme c/d os 0.9 shallow cup, atrophic, pale. ppa os attenuated vessels mild peripheral reticular changes ou os cr scar superotemporally, flat", "gpt4_summary": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08730", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "filename": "data_08730.npz", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 70.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME's visit (applanation, 9:14 am) right left pressure 20 21 most recent eyeglasses prescription (DATE_TIME) sphere cylinder axis add right +1.00 -1.75 100 +2.50 left +1.25 -1.50 080 +2.50 ???????? ?? ????: DATE_TIME no known allergies medications and orders your current medications lisinopril oral (taking) take by mouth. metoprolol succinate oral (taking) take by mouth. your orders ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??????: DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08731", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "filename": "data_08731.npz", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error.", "age": 73.4, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72f 1. s/p r mca stroke on DATE_TIME (r putamen, r caudate): no vf defect per patient at testing done at mayo clinic - no vf seen DATE_TIME on hvf 2. asymmetric on appearance, c/d od>os, PERSON oct borderline inferior od - hvf full ou 3. nuclear sclerosis ou 4. refractive error ou - new mrx DATE_TIME plan; rx = mrx", "gpt4_summary": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08733", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "filename": "data_08733.npz", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n", "age": 21.7, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown (never high) central corneal thickness: 513 / 517 corneal hysteresis: 10.3 / 10.1 gonioscopy: d35f 1+ mostly with 3+ inferiorly ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: none assessment/plan: 21 y.o. male # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - reports he was told he had glaucoma in his right eye at PERSON, but more likely physiologic cupping based on nerve exam and testing - iop acceptable ou - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, oct, disc photos PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08734", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "filename": "data_08734.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost.", "age": 81.73, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "attending assessment and plan - glaucoma of both eyes due to combination of mechanisms, open angle glaucoma ou, os worse than od: cct 550/510 - narrow angles s/p peripheral iridotomies ou, angles still narrow but not occludable on gonio DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME, no post-dilation iop spike od in 7/17 -intolerance to medications: ag - caused irritation. - s/p phaco ecp os DATE_TIME, limited visual potential given glaucoma bcva remains 20/30 with no improvement on pinhole but no evidence of cme on DATE_TIME ecp in the right eye DATE_TIME (0.15 to PERSON) - residual inflammation resolved - goal PERSON 12 ou - iop at goal od but dh in DATE_TIME w iop of 12. plan: - timolol od qam (pt was using bid) and c/w cosopt os bid, change to latanoprost ou qhs - note to PERSON will do hvf od every 6 mo. - rtc 3-4 mo for iop check ou. \u00ff - pciol os (sn60wf, power 22.0 d) s/p ce/iol/ ecp in the right eye DATE_TIME (aim plano, loose zonules) plan: see above. \u00ff\u00ff - other: pt speaks mandarin. pt is away from DATE_TIME. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08738", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "filename": "data_08738.npz", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined.", "age": 69.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "assessment glaucoma suspect vf completed cupping od s/p repair of macular hole od abnormal contour on oct biltaeral cataracts main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera sutures normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens 2+ nuclear sclerosis 1+ nuclear sclerosis vitreous s/p ppv fundus exam right left disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.55 0.35 macula flat, macular hole closed , erm removed wnl vessels normal normal periphery normal normal plan dilate DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08742", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "filename": "data_08742.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management.", "age": 73.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "?? # moderate primary angle closure glaucoma od / angle closure suspect os - pachymetry (598/563); tmax 18/16; no fhx of glaucoma - s/PERSON with inferior nasal step od; unremarkable os (unreliable ou) - oct-rnfl (73/84) with early inf thinning od - appears occludable od on gonio - tg <= 14 given higher iop at most recent visits in combination with oct progression ou irritation with ltn -stopped visual field right eye is worse DATE_TIME rnfl oct is worse od superiorly 2020 sup PERSON ; DATE_TIME ?? # PERSON/p phaco/iol os by dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME) via superior scleral tunnel incision - s/p complex phaco/iol od (DATE_TIME) - as above # dm2 - no npdr or csme ou - bp and bs control - follow # s/p blepharoplasty and external levator resection ou (DATE_TIME) - per dr. fay social/systemic: dm; asa; goes to fl (LOCATION) in DATE_TIME; allergic to asa, latex, and sulfur plan: rnfl oct right eye may be worse superiorly vs DATE_TIME, left eye is stable visual field right eye likely worse compared to DATE_TIME, left eye is stable recurrent drance him right eye DATE_TIME needs lower intraocular pressure - continue on dorzolamide right eye and combigan tid both eyes plan for endocyclophotocoagulation + kahook i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08745", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "filename": "data_08745.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned.", "age": 48.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: prior pt of PERSONon; not seen since DATE_TIME glaucoma suspect ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) untreated 18 both eyes / prior target 20 per PERSONct: 546, 547, 548 / 528, 529, 530 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve: rnfl oct: vf: med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: -- od / -- os other eye surgery: -- od/ -- os fhx: gm+/ steroids: no/ asthma: mild/ trauma: no # [other eye problems] pmhx: htn, allergies plan: visual field worse left eye (fell asleep) possible green progression on rnfl oct both eyes vs DATE_TIME return to clinic 4 mths for PERSON faster-c visual field both eyes dilate, disc photos likely no need for drops yet diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for this patient's glaucoma, and finalizing the visit for this patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08747", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08747.jpg", "filename": "data_08747.npz", "report": "The note discusses a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. There were no pre-visit symptoms or comorbidities present.", "age": 71.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. There were no pre-visit symptoms or comorbidities present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08750", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "filename": "data_08750.npz", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic).", "age": 44.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. toxoplasmosis ou - no active inflammation or retinitis od - return in DATE_TIME; sooner prn any new symptoms 2. chronic retinal detachment os s/p ppv/lensectomy/endolaser/cryo/scleral buckle DATE_TIME os - aphakia os - secondary to uveitis/toxo per record - nlp eye with total rd - no eye pain - observe 3. poag suspect od vs physiologic (monocular patient) due to increased c/d ratio, likely physiologic. - previously seen by PERSON PERSON in DATE_TIME who recommended DATE_TIME monitoring but he has not followed up - iop has been in teens without treatment, gonio open - on 0.8, large cup, but healthy rims, no defect on hvf or rnfl oct previously - dr. PERSON had recommended: hvf od, photos, PERSON, dilate od - the patient did not schedule an appointment with glaucoma - will plug patient back in to glaucoma i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic).", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08753", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "filename": "data_08753.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane.", "age": 75.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visually significant, will hold off on surgery for now - by boland calculations DATE_TIME. will think it over, but having real difficulties. had uveitis left eye only after giving birth and subsequently flared after cataract extraction could consider solumedrol. # iritis # dry eyes # epiretinal membrane, left eye - followed by PERSON valtrex 1000mg once per day po and prednisolone once per day left eye i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08755", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "filename": "data_08755.npz", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control.", "age": 68.41, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON: s/p ce/iol os DATE_TIME, cataract od, early amd, narrow angles s/p lpi ou, previously followed by dr. PERSON: right anterior clinoid meningioma (incidentally found on mri for paresthesias), sphenoid sinus mass c/w pituitary adenoma by biopsy DATE_TIME, dm on glipizide, htn, hld she notes her neurosurgeon dr. PERSON recommended visits here DATE_TIME for evaluation of visual effects of her meningioma or pituitary adenoma. s/p ce/iol od DATE_TIME s/p ce/iol os DATE_TIME - mild pco +donesis of iol os--beware of yag energy in the future history of right anterior clinoid meningioma new sphenoid sinus mass turned out to be pituitary adenoma, s/p biopsy dr. PERSON did hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME reveals no significant field cuts related to pituitary adenoma or meningioma baseline DATE_TIME reveals no areas of rnfl thinning, increased rnfl thickness present od > os without evidence of clinical optic nerve head edema recommend serial testing DATE_TIME with hvf but will change to 30-2 hvf 30-2 (DATE_TIME): normal ou oct (DATE_TIME): gcl and rnfl both normal ou pt neurologist reports DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME visits hx of dm good hba1c no bdr on prior exam hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. dry amd drusen/rpe changes ou discussed PERSON vitamins, diet modification to include more green leafy vegetables, uv light protection, and not smoking home amsler monitoring f/u in DATE_TIME (hvf, oct) optos no dilation", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08760", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "filename": "data_08760.npz", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot", "age": 72.22, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72 y.o. woman presenting for cornea evaluation: referred by dr. PERSON patient's daughter translated NRP for patient at patient request DATE_TIME. des ou/mgd ou -schirmer's DATE_TIME 9 os DATE_TIME patient symptomatic with eye irritation os>od and burning sensation os>od recommend increased treatment for ocular surface dryness plan: placed bll punctal plugs DATE_TIME continue restasis 1 drop two times DATE_TIME both eyes (store drop in refrigerator) start doxycycline 50mg orally DATE_TIME (take pill in DATE_TIME with plenty of water, avoid taking with calcium, discussed risk of photosensitivity) (recommend patient restart pepcid orally DATE_TIME) 2. optic nerve atrophy os -patient reports history of 'optic neuritis' os about 16-17 years ago, treated by dr. PERSON -hvf testing confirms enlarged blind spot os DATE_TIME -likely stable over time, but patient requests follow-up with dr. PERSON now and so patient referred to dr. PERSON DATE_TIME. cataracts ou -likely visually significant but patient does not drive at DATE_TIME and patient not bothered by vision currently -monitor for now, if problems with vision will proceed with cataract surgery 4. dermatochalasis bul -patient denies problems with eyelids, monitor 5. vitreous syneresis ou -rd precautions reviewed 6. refractive error ou -continue with current eyeglasses for now follow-up with me in DATE_TIME with replacement of bll punctal plugs, sooner as needed all patient questions and concerns answered. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08761", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08761.jpg", "filename": "data_08761.npz", "report": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 36.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ovarian syndrome have a much higher risk of developing iih that females of the same weight and age who do not have PERSON. diagnoses. 1. iih (diagnosed in DATE_TIME) with atypical presentation of optic nerve head appearance 2. PERSON, ou, with fine rpe defects, possibly secondary to earlier papilledema 3. polycystic ovarian syndrome 4. musculoskeletal neck pain recommendations. 1. return in DATE_TIME for repeat evaluation, sooner if headaches significantly worsen or vision changes 1. return in DATE_TIME, or within DATE_TIME of new pregnancy, or immediately if new symptoms arise. continue follow-up with local eye care provide for routine eye care. note prepared with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service i spent a total of DATE_TIME personally preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08763", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "filename": "data_08763.npz", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate.", "age": 65.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME referred from the er for acute bilateral angle closure diagnosis:topiramate induced/secondary bilateral angle closure (pt had been on topiramate DATE_TIME prior to angle closure event) ubm confirms bilateral uveal effusions 360 consistent with diagnosis of topiramate induced angle closure target iop: / , tmax: 45 (DATE_TIME ) / 62 (DATE_TIME ) central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: DATE_TIME: no structures/closed both eyes 6/19: open od / poor view, but unable to view structures os refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: 0.3 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: 0.3 visual fields on initial visit right eye: pending visual fields on initial visit left eye: pending medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: # corneal edema: - may be due the angle closure event - stopped topical cai - cct 6/19: 775 - started PERSON and ggt DATE_TIME social/medical:? htn on hctz plan: stay off topiramate - continue latanoprost qhs both eyes for now continue to taper prednisolone od, DATE_TIME x DATE_TIME then stop taper pf os - 3/2/1 ok stop PERSON and ointment ok to stop atropine bid both eyes, for DATE_TIME pt wishes to go to stoneham - she can't get into LOCATION easily. iop improving with drops rtc 3 wks soneru iop check and repeat octrnflou as i suspect nerve edema more resolved", "gpt4_summary": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08772", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "filename": "data_08772.npz", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected.", "age": 48.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pacs , first seen nz DATE_TIME, no meds *discontinued topamax after DATE_TIME of use (discontinued DATE_TIME but took a couple of times DATE_TIME) - for epilepsy emmetrope *no history of eye injuries *no history of eye surgeries *no history of steroid use *no family history of glaucoma ttarget: / , tmax: 16 ou cct: 597, 598, 600 / 623, 625, 628 gonioscopy: rnfl oct nml ou , vf nml ou plan: pacs ou but may be due to topomax use long discussion with patient she is to talk to her neurologist, stop the topomax as appropriate substitution made to her meds, rtc in DATE_TIME for repeat gonio and ubm suspect this is primary angle closure will plan for lpi at that time if still closed and no evidence of choroidal expansion s/s acute angle closure discussed in detail with patient, return precautions discussed no dilation diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08773", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "filename": "data_08773.npz", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME nahyoung PERSON, PERSONtitution oph plastics main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina; macula cube, 5 line raster; 6mm length condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder otosclerosis hearing loss results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08776", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "filename": "data_08776.npz", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost.", "age": 64.28, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "63 y/o female presents for DATE_TIME f/u with PERSON assessment: 1. PERSON stable on latanoprost qhs ou testing stable 2. moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy ou - last a1c: 8.4% (DATE_TIME) - without macular edema - maintain tight blood sugar and bp control - monitor 3. nasal pterygium os - does not appear symptomatic 4. cataracts ou - od: 2+ ns, 3+ cortical change - os: 2+ ns, 3+ cortical change, 1+ psc she remains happy with vision monitor. 5. refractive error ou 6. corneal verticillata ou - on amiodarone plan: - continue latanoprost ou qhs. - f/u in DATE_TIME , sooner prn. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08777", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "filename": "data_08777.npz", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care.", "age": 80.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# neovascular glaucoma in blind eye od iop 50 DATE_TIME per pt in LOCATION under care of PERSON for wet amd ou prior surgery: pciol ou med intolerance: ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: 601 / 590 gonioscopy: open PERSON oct completely normal os vf central defect os due to amd hx lung cancer plan: arrives on cosopt, aphagan, atropine and PERSON ; goal is comfort only -- comfortable now but developed facial rash on the right side since starting drops may be related to brimonidine -- can stop this and see if it improves cont cosopt, atropine and pf bid os is completely healthy and can be monitored DATE_TIME rtc 4-6 LOCATION, unless develops any pain i do not recommend cpc in this nlp eye as there is a risk of so , though remote if continued pain , should consider LOCATION chlorpromazine or enucleation", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08778", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08778.jpg", "filename": "data_08778.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered.", "age": 83.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "od. -hold PERSON -hold PERSON. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop persistently above goal on 4 agents for iop control os, we proceeded with NRP NRP gel stent os on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop above goal on 4 agents for iop control od as well as further worsened hvf od and great result os, we proceeded with NRP NRP gel stent od on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os (with coaching), dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider yag capsulotomy in the future depending on dr. PERSON's assessment. the information above was partially documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08781", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "filename": "data_08781.npz", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost.", "age": 83.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "83 y.o.\u00ffmale, NRP speaking, here with his son for follow-up after ce/iol os DATE_TIME, ce/iol od DATE_TIME: latanoprost added in DATE_TIME, here for iop check \u00ff\u00ff 1. pseudophakia os vision a little worse DATE_TIME moderate posterior capsule opacification on left wants to schedule yag capsulotomy \u00ff\u00ff 2. PERSON doing well \u00ff\u00ff 4. dry eye symptoms use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye warm compresses, lid hygiene with baby shampoo bid, use at prn for symptoms of dry eye. try gel at bedtime \u00ff\u00ff 5. increased c/d ratio PERSON xe no family hx of glaucoma monitor low suspicion pachy thin (NRP), true iop higher than measured oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od sup thin, borderline temp thin, os: PERSON and temp thinning, borderline sup thinning DATE_TIME: od borderline sup thin, os: borderline inf and temp thinning, stable compared to DATE_TIME oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: sup thinning, borderline temporal thinning os: PERSON and temporal thinning, borderline sup thinning \u00ff\u00ff hvf DATE_TIME: od sup nasal defect hvf DATE_TIME: od sup and PERSON nasal step, os scattered non-specific defects, sup nasal step and sup paracentral defect (possibly from old occipital infarct), stable compared to DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: od: sup and inferior nasal defects, os superior paracentral rec: - continue timolol xe qam - cont latanoprost qhs \u00ff\u00ff 6. subacute infarct in right occipital lobe (old) follow-up with pcp, now on coumadin for a-fib \u00ff\u00ff 7. recent left 7th n palsy no lagophthalmos DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08783", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "filename": "data_08783.npz", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye.", "age": 64.83, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "teens on drops (dorzolamide twice a day both eyes and latanoprost at bedtime both eyes), post selective laser trabeculoplasty both eyes in DATE_TIME. tmax 18/18. no prior fields available; baseline humphrey visual field here with nasal step left eye and early inferior arcuate right eye. left nerve slightly more suspicious than right eye. refractive error is -11 prior to PERSON and cataract surgery. * no optical coherence tomography's in the future plan: pt currently on: dorzolamide bid ou latanoprost qhs both eyes --watch closely, low threshold to switch to cosopt obtain visual field tests from PERSON's office return to clinic DATE_TIME intraocular pressure check and humphrey visual field both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient in PERSON on DATE_TIME. - david s Person, md, phd i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. pt declined to participate in gms", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08787", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "filename": "data_08787.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma.", "age": 71.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: mild primary open angle glaucoma target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: ( ) / ( ) max = 27 central corneal thickness: 542 / 547 557/586 corneal hysteresis 9.2/10.1 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +1.50 . -0.75 . 115 / os +1.75 . -0.50 . 103 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal,small optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal,small visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medications being used at first visit: tried latanoprost, lumigan and travatan, intraocular pressure in DATE_TIME, taking latanoprost, rhopressa. no response to dorzolamide 557/565 medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: selective laser DATE_TIME outside, minimal response other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: transient vision loss DATE_TIME with carotid ultrasound normal other eye problems left eye: family history: mother, sister, brother steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: initial note: glaucoma suspect versus early glaucoma intraocular pressure running mid-20s on latanoprost alone, now lower to 18 with rhopressa. had selective laser trabeculoplasty left eye with minimal response, maximum intraocular pressure 27 mmhg, central corneal thickness 542/547 plan: will set target of 22 given healthy nerve and normal visual field. could have selective laser trabeculoplasty or could stop rhopressa (had intraocular pressure around 22 on latanoprost alone). she will stop rhopressa and follow up with faith discs are small so watch closely.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08788", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "filename": "data_08788.npz", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 62.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: pciol ou pvd ou minimal macular changes ou refr error ou, but corrects to 20/70 and 20/80 dyschromatopsia ou normal oct of mac ou temporal rnfl thinning by oct os>od (corresponds to disc exam) hvf unrel od but suggests sup altitudinal defect os plan: consult with neuro-oph (presumed optic neuropathy)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08789", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "filename": "data_08789.npz", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed.", "age": 47.76, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 30 / 44 central corneal thickness: 442 / 473 corneal hysteresis: 8.7 / 9.6 gonioscopy: d40f 4+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior > inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: inferior > superior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn assessment/plan: 47 y.o. male PERSON in research # pigmentary glaucoma, severe, right > left eye - presented DATE_TIME to dr. PERSON with advanced disease ou, was recommended to start drops but did not until appointment with glaucoma DATE_TIME, when started on latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - iop acceptable ou, but reports significant drop adherence issues, and vf and oct appear worse ou - discussed importance of drop adherence and techniques for remembering, as well as that surgical options are possible if continued issues - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, 10-2 vf # s/p myopic prk, both eyes (DATE_TIME) - thin corneas complicate iop evaluation PERSON, LOCATION mba ____________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08792", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "filename": "data_08792.npz", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 68.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 y.o. male last seen by me DATE_TIME; before that by dr. PERSON in sleep medicine, works in data science \u00ff assessment: \u00ff 1. visual field defect os present x DATE_TIME evaluated by neuro PERSON (PERSON) unclear etiology has c/d asymmetry although c/d od>os \u00ff 2. cataracts ou - unable to refract to 20/20 - discussed DATE_TIME gradual worsening vision over DATE_TIME; interfering with night driving, work - mac oct DATE_TIME with normal foveal contour ou - motivated for surgery- refer \u00ff 3. myopia/presbyopia - current mrx with prisms esotropia - has not noted significant change-- no double vision *note prism in lenses ou \u00ff 4. h/o hsv keratitis (unknown which eye) as a child treated at columbia presbytarian no recurrences \u00ff 5. family history of LOCATION notes h/o floaters - stable retina flat on dfe DATE_TIME \u00ff 6. c/d assymetry, noted prior, but not glaucoma workup before - rnfl DATE_TIME: od superior rim thinning, os full rims - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou; superior field defect os that is stable from prior; od scattered central defects without pattern 7. mild corneal abrasion at limbus od - no fb under lid (everted) - unknown mechanism - appears to be healing already - will sent vigamox eye drop to use three times DATE_TIME od for DATE_TIME; \u00ff plan: refer for cataract evaluation \u00ff f/u in DATE_TIME with dilation and hvf, rnfl oct, cct, or sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08793", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "filename": "data_08793.npz", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 60.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "mcg/actuation nasal spray 2 sprays by nasal route DATE_TIME. 2 sprays each nostril. ibuprofen (advil,motrin) 600 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth every 8 (DATE_TIME as needed. PERSON DATE_TIME prn varchasv malviya DATE_TIME metal med transfer process ketoconazole (nizoral) 2 % shampoo apply topically DATE_TIME. apply to the center of the face during shower then rinse it off in DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME >PERSON, PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME prn multivitamins capsule take 1 capsule by mouth DATE_TIME. varchasv malviya DATE_TIME metal med transfer process polyethylene glycol (golytely) PHONE_NUMBER -5.86 gram solution take 4,000 ml by mouth once. reported on DATE_TIME varchasv malviya DATE_TIME metal med transfer process ranitidine (zantac) 150 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME prn varchasv malviya DATE_TIME metal med transfer process saw palmetto oral take 160 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. new chapter 5lx brand condition list as of DATE_TIME malignant neoplasm of skin gastroesophageal reflux disease atrial fibrillation allergic rhinitis asymmetric prostate depressive disorder fatigue inguinal hernia mixed hyperlipidemia low back pain colon polyp depression healthcare maintenance chronic pansinusitis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08797", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "filename": "data_08797.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted.", "age": 72.56, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 30 / 32 central corneal thickness: 580 / 590 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: grossly full visual fields, left eye: grossly full family history: brother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: possible asthma other medical history and problems: dm, htn assessment/plan: 72 y.o. female # ocular hypertension, both eyes - iop 30/32 with dr. PERSONME, started on latanoprost qhs ou with good response - difficulty with vf testing reliability/fluctuation - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # cataract, both eyes - approaching visual significance - biometry obtained DATE_TIME # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # refractive error - dispensed updated mrx DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08799", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "filename": "data_08799.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse.", "age": 55.75, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "- primary open angle glaucoma moderate od, mild os: untreated iop 23/ 21, cct: thick 617/628 possible follicular rxn from combigan, trav causes redness, +fly hx mother (uses drops) disc photos done in 6/13, hvf DATE_TIME: od: 2/14 fl, dense superior and inferior ns; os: low reliability, normal --nfl DATE_TIME: od: superior and inf thinning, os normal unusual to see on asymmetry without much iop asymmetry. nl color plates in 3/14 lost to f/u from DATE_TIME. pt ran out of drops for DATE_TIME. goal iop mid teens od (adjusting for cct), and around 20 os - elevated ou DATE_TIME. plan: - resume travatan ou qhs, resume timolol od qam. - reinforced compliance. - may need to consider slt od soon. if effective, t/c same for os. can arrange for lw on DATE_TIME. - consider neuro-op eval given on asymmetry, although color plates nl. - rtc in 6 wks for iop, NRP and dp's. ? - pt was on plaquenil therapy in the past: on dose <6.5mg/kg/day; no contraindication to continuing therapy - cataracts nvs plan: pt saw PERSON PERSON. to see optom for mrx. - other: pt is a nurse.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08803", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "filename": "data_08803.npz", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts.", "age": 82.03, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "# pxf glaucoma ou, prev followed by NAME INSTITUTION with glaucoma DATE_TIME, treated with drops no fhx arrives on latanoprost qhs ou DATE_TIME PERSON bid ou DATE_TIME ttarget: / , tmax: 24/26 ; iop on drops low teens ou cct: 539 / 555 gonioscopy: rnfl oct - per records progression od; sup/inf thinning ou vf - per records concern for in vf progression od ; PERSON defect, os rim artifact vs sup arc disc heme DATE_TIME od on eliquis for afib # pp os sn60wf +20.5 plan: referred for consideration of LOCATION vs phaco/migs/combined od given recent progression per notes concern for recent progression od however no prior testing available for review -- recommend we obtain this before proceeding further iop currently excellent, given tmax and cct cont drops for now rtc 3-4 mths repeat vf and dilate ou if planning to undergo ce, would recommend migs (either istent or kdb) i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08805", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "filename": "data_08805.npz", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future.", "age": 71.4, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# primary angle closure ou s/p LPI OU (DATE_TIME) - tmax 50s ou (after dilation); cct (pending); no known fhx glaucoma - iop elevated in the setting of dilation into 50s; lowered with diamox, travatan, Brimonidine, Cosopt (drops x 4 rounds) to 30/28 - occludable angles ou on gonio - hvf full ou - oct-rnfl (95/90) wnl ou - iop elevation to 22 os post dilation despite patent lpi - tg <= 18 ou - cosopt bid ou # cataract ou - not yet visually significant - may benefit from early lens extraction given angle closure (discussed previously with dr. hoguet) - follow for now social/systemic: none plan: iop increasing os no def glaucoma damage phaco may be a good option when becomes symptomatic - continue cosopt bid rtc 6 mths bat, mrx, dilate , iol calcs", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08806", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "filename": "data_08806.npz", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "age": 70.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08808", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "filename": "data_08808.npz", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis.", "age": 62.17, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "?62f cantonese-speaking with h/o hypertension, hysterectomy seen previously by dr. PERSON, then went to ocb as insurance did not cover meei, then returned here daughter translated in cantonese; husband and patient speak a little mandarin 1. glaucoma suspected based on increased cup:disc ratio ou -tmax here 16/16; 15/17 at ocb -tcurrent 13/13 -cct thin (~510 ou) -hvf DATE_TIME (1st) with suggestion of sa os, did not clearly correlate with onh appearance DATE_TIME: od borderline reliable (high false positives) with superior defect ?lid artifact; os superior nasal step (less superior arcuate) that doesn't correlate with onh appearance or rnfl oct but does possibly correlate with superior cortical wedge DATE_TIME: ou few nonspecific defects likely full DATE_TIME: ou lids taped; od borderline reliable with possible superior arcuate, os full -oct DATE_TIME (at ocb): normal ou by their report -oct DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou PERSON (but avg nfl slightly lower ou) -disc photos: taken DATE_TIME -last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops for now but watch hvf and oct closely. 2. combined senile cataracts os>od becoming visually significant but patient states not bothered much by vision at this time >> risks/benefits of cataract surgery discussed again DATE_TIME. prefers no surgery unless absolutely necessary 3. macular retinal pigmentary changes ou and epiretinal membrane od -? ?noted previously >> monitor 4. bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis (os>od) >> offered oculoplastics referral in past; patient deferred 5. refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/up DATE_TIME with repeat hvf (tape upper lids), disc photos, gonioscopy, no dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08810", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "filename": "data_08810.npz", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma.", "age": 77.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "vyzulta (green) 1 time per night, both eyes dorzolamide/timolol (blue) 3 times per day, both eyes brimonidine (purple) 3 times per day, both eyes", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08814", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "filename": "data_08814.npz", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma.", "age": 52.46, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, onh cube condition list as of DATE_TIME cerebrovascular accident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome depression type 2 diabetes mellitus dysplasia of anus compression fracture of vertebral column eczema elevated cholesterol gastroesophageal reflux disease routine adult health maintenance hematemesis hemiparesis herpes labialis history of dvt (deep vein thrombosis) history of herpes zoster hypertension impaired mobility obesity onychomycosis migraine headache seizure disorder tetralogy of fallot vitamin d deficiency xerosis of skin central sleep apnea foot swelling osteoporosis domestic problems results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08820", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "filename": "data_08820.npz", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears.", "age": 78.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "diplopia/possible optic neuropathy od. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for ?prisms to help diplopia. 8. social/systemic issues: patient resides with his wife (also a patient in my clinic); patient suffers from LOCATION as of DATE_TIME and is on chronic PERSON prednisone. he has a history of stroke as of DATE_TIME. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop ***at goal od and ***at goal os on DATE_TIME on timolol bid ou. -continue timolol bid ou. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for neuro-ophthalmic care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON/eyelid care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for ?prisms to help diplopia. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i will be referring the patient to dr. PERSON for his binocular vision disorder with diplopia. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 10-2 size iii od, oct rnfl/gcc os, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08821", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08821.jpg", "filename": "data_08821.npz", "report": "Clinical note does not provide specific details about patient's issues but suggests high risk of visual or neurological issues based on diagnoses. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 59.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; ); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication of management with PERSON PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management.]", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note does not provide specific details about patient's issues but suggests high risk of visual or neurological issues based on diagnoses. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08824", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "filename": "data_08824.npz", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles.", "age": 81.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "attending's note: 1. likely low tension glaucoma ou vs myopic cupping, hx of dh od. - t max per records mid teens, DATE_TIME low teens on latanaprost - cct thin 520/530 - gonio: open ou - hvf DATE_TIME changes od consistent with PERSON, os - early bjerrum scotoma with corresponding, PERSON. iop os borderline, likely have iop fluctuation. - h/o + drance heme od, but not clear if due to glaucoma progression (minimal PERSON) or due to cll. st p slt os DATE_TIME, doing well, iop is excellent, will csm. - iop goal low teens ou - at goal DATE_TIME, humphrey visual field os worse DATE_TIME 2/2 ptosis. plan: c/w xal ou qhs. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop and dp's. 2. pseudophakia ou, stable - per dr. PERSON l side in DATE_TIME, persistent k staining w possible ac reaction (post-dilation) os in DATE_TIME plan: referral to cornea for evaluation. - ptosis PERSON, after shingles plan: monitor for now. - other: pt used to see dr. PERSON. pt is hoh and has cll. pt had shingles of the v1 l side in DATE_TIME sydney lovelace scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08828", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "filename": "data_08828.npz", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up.", "age": 58.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "female (cardiologist now in biotech) 1. h/o ohtn ou dating back DATE_TIME. tmax mid-20s ou (?24). never treated. pt is on systemic bb fhx positive, mother s/PERSON, grandmother had glaucoma as well cct 549,546 (average ou) hvf reliable and full ou oct stable ou dp DATE_TIME iop well controlled ou gonio open ou no pathologic cupping observe 2. papillomatosis of rll, rul, and lll removed by dr. PERSONE doing well with no e/o recurrence 3. mild cataracts present ou that are not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. DATE_TIME/o trauma od from scuba mask 10/2018 with periorbital bruising, no intraocular heme/inflammation 5. re - cpm with otc readers f/u DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION by md, oct and dp mom needs NRP specialist PERSON but we do not have glau there, only mc,lw or stn", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08831", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "filename": "data_08831.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye.", "age": 58.09, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: 22 / 22, tmax: unknown / unknown (19 / 19 per patient) central corneal thickness: 554 / 566 gonioscopy: c35f 3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: borderline superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: borderline superior thinning visual fields, right eye: no thinning visual fields, left eye: no thinning family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn assessment/plan: 58 y.o. female analytical chemist # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - nerve exam and testing reassuring, no evidence of glaucoma on visual field or optical coherence tomography of optic nerve - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable ou - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf, dilate, oct, disc photos # Asteroid hyalosis, left eye - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08832", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "filename": "data_08832.npz", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort.", "age": 66.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "brimonidine (irritation, injection); LOCATION and PERSON (cost) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / 42 on maximum treatment including acetazolamide central corneal thickness: 549 / 547 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: difficult image capture, vertical thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: dense central/inferior scotoma in setting of myopic degeneration visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate and superior nasal step family history: mother steroids: inhaled trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: migraine assessment/plan: 66 y.o. female paralegal # primary open angle glaucoma, indeterminate stage right eye, moderate left eye - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty os (ineffective per patient), trabeculectomy os (DATE_TIME, pulled releasable DATE_TIME, laser suture lysis DATE_TIME) - iop acceptable ou, healed well after trabeculectomy but has mild injection and irritation os, though no signs of blebitis or intraocular inflammation - vf od may be worse but high fixation losses, while vf os stable/improved - oct image capture limited od, roughly stable os though signal loss inferiorly - can try prednisolone qd as needed os, but call immediately if worsening injection, photophobia, vision changes, or other concerns - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # myopic degeneration, right >> left eye - baseline vision od counting fingers centrally but vf shows peripheral preservation - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08835", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "filename": "data_08835.npz", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 58.42, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cod liver oil oil (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. epinephrine (epipen) 0.3 mg/0.3 ml (1:1,000) PERSON (taking) as directed. fluorouracil (efudex) 5 % cream (taking) apply topically 2 (two) times a day. to face for DATE_TIME lisinopril (prinivil,zestril) 5 mg tablet (taking) take 0.5 tablets (2.5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. multivitamin oral (taking) take by mouth. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON DATE_TIME 8:10 am PERSON, PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina; macula cube, 5 line raster; 6mm length condition list as of DATE_TIME seasonal allergies hyperlipidemia overweight chondromalacia hypertensive disorder basal cell carcinoma of skin gout actinic keratosis routine adult health maintenance results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08840", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "filename": "data_08840.npz", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance.", "age": 66.63, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON, moved from LOCATION to live with daughter) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: DATE_TIME central corneal thickness: 461 / 470 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: advanced vertical thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: advanced vertical thinning visual fields, right eye: generalized depresison visual fields, left eye: dense superior arcuate family history: father steroids: topical trauma: fall with head strike and concussion DATE_TIME asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: vitiligo, bradycardia assessment/plan: 66 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p trabeculectomy ou (od ~2010 and DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME), phaco/trabeculectomy ou (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME) - arrived chronically on prednisolone qd ou, ok to continue, unclear if previously had uveitic component, but quiet ou now, will consider stopping in future but continue as long as not bothering her and exam/iop stable - iop acceptable ou, oct stable ou, vf os may be worse, and she attributes it to a change she noticed after fall with head strike, could have component of traumatic optic neuropathy - continue latanoprost qhs ou, brimonidine bid ou, prednisolone qd ou DATE_TIME/week - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf os # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08842", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "filename": "data_08842.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n", "age": 68.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME on latanoprost qhs ou and timoptic xe qam ou. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -switch timoptic xe qam ou to cosopt bid ou. -start brimonidine bid os. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for general eye care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx ou, bat ou, optical biometry ou, dilation ou, oct rnfl/gcc os, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider phaco/ecp/kdb os in the future knowing her guttae may cause prolonged corneal edema; we could also consider phaco/bgi os with LOCATION placement -- patient would like to wait until she completes her therapy for mantle cell lymphoma (DATE_TIME). if above goal, consider brimonidine bid ou (from bid os) and rhopressa qhs os. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08845", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08845.jpg", "filename": "data_08845.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye.", "age": 63.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "17.1 12.9 tonometry #2 (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 17 16 tonometry comments unable to get higher ws ou, pt blinking target and PERSON pressure right left target na na max 22 (DATE_TIME) 23 (DATE_TIME) , acceptable od, acceptable os PERSON is an open angle glaucoma suspect PERSON, here for hvf 10-2, oct rnfl, and dfe. here for earlier than planned visit due to intraocular pressure being 22/23 at retina visit in DATE_TIME. *pt was recently diagnosed with microscopic colitis and was prescribed DATE_TIME tapered dose of budesonide (but did not start due to pt wanting to avoid steroids) *oct retinal nerve fiber layer was overall normal both eyes but borderline superiorly right eye stable from DATE_TIME humphrey visual field DATE_TIME with small inferior defect right eye correlation with optical coherence tomography rnfl right eye but seen prev in DATE_TIME monitor for now, follow field if defect confirmed in field, low threshold to intervene continue to monitor off glc drops last dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic 4 PERSON visual field 24-2 right eye only", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08846", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "filename": "data_08846.npz", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia.", "age": 59.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "59 y.o. with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, migraine glaucoma suspect ou - iop ok and stable - cct DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME od full os high false positives DATE_TIME od full os nonspecific defects - DATE_TIME ou wnl ou DATE_TIME ou wnl - nerves appear stable DATE_TIME - + family hx > observe, repeat testing DATE_TIME dry eye /meibomian gland dysfunction - mild dryness DATE_TIME ou > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation presbyopia ou - no significant change > given updated rx for backup fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08848", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "filename": "data_08848.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 86.56, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "25 cct: 513, 513 fhx: no 5) chronic posterior vitreous detachment ou: stable - observe 6) dm2, no medications yet: no retinopathy on exam; a1c was 6.3 - encourage tight glucose/bp control 7) refractive error: changed -give new rx for glasses DATE_TIME 8) pmr: diagnosed in LOCATION started on prednisone - concern was for gca as well. there is no evidence of this on exam DATE_TIME - the best corrected vision is still excellent, the nerves are normal, the color vision is full ou. bilateral temporal artery biopsies negative. esr 5 crp 1.1 DATE_TIME. he is still very concerned that he has gca. i explained to him that the visual changes os are purely refractive and this could be improved with a pair of glasses. he is also being treated for trigeminal neuralgia now. -cont with his low dose prednisone as prescribed 9) drusen and retinal pigment changes ou: chronic wavy lines on amsler grid but now complaining of some recent changes, no fluid seen on exam. could be from posterior capsule opacification? repeat optical coherence tomography of retina showed only drusen. saw PERSON who started him on areds - last seen by her DATE_TIME. -cont with areds/amsler and f/u with PERSON to reschedule 10) blepharitis: mild - artificial tears and warm compresses", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08849", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08849.jpg", "filename": "data_08849.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma.", "age": 33.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "hospital neuro-ophthalmology, Institution pt seen & discussed w/ emilie bergeron, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. ? i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08852", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "filename": "data_08852.npz", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 56.3, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "56 yo man with history of l zygoma orif DATE_TIME (fracture by crowbar), dm2, htn presenting for second opinion eye exam. np DATE_TIME: here with his sister ingrid, with whom he lives with (reports low iq, unemployed, lives in other part of her 2-family). she has many concerns about patient's vision, specifically if anything can be done for his right eye, if there is a legal designation for blindness in that eye, if there is the possibility for referral for services given he his tripping and falling at home (vision od isn't good), and what can be done to optimize the vision in the left eye. 1. cortical and ns cataract os>od -mild photophobia, tearing, and blurry vision. to ensure no other cause for decr'd vision os: -macula oct DATE_TIME: od posterior NRP. os wnl -onh oct DATE_TIME: os borderline inferior thinning screening hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od unable. os full (isolated superior rim loss) 2. likely refractive amblyopia od - patient with long standing history of what sounds like amblyopia od. underwent patching and multiple surgeries. currently hm, which patient states is his baseline. >> vision rehabilitation referral 3. type ii diabetes diagnosed age 30 - a1c unknown, but with variable sugar control per history - no evidence of proliferative disease on exam DATE_TIME - recommend DATE_TIME eye exam and tight bg control", "gpt4_summary": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08856", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08856.jpg", "filename": "data_08856.npz", "report": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening.", "age": 63.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. covid phone screening", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08857", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "filename": "data_08857.npz", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis.", "age": 78.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female referred by dr. PERSON lives in LOCATION and followed by dr. PERSON at the eye institute for medicine & surgery in rockledge, LOCATION, fax PHONE_NUMBER \u00ff PERSON: primary open angle glaucoma, moderate right eye, severe left eye, worsening vf, s/p slt os (DATE_TIME nasal, DATE_TIME temporal, DATE_TIME nasal) drusen and erm ou\u00ff pseudophakia ou\u00ff s/p pterygium excision, both eyes (DATE_TIME) peripheral corneal thinning ou - patient notes it has been present since DATE_TIME when she was first told of it - equivocal history of autoimmune disease, never had clear diagnosis, workup in DATE_TIME negative, patient has osteoarthritis with prominent hand involvement - no active areas of thinning, appearance not consistent with senile furrow degeneration, no active areas of thinning - observe for now, okay to proceed with glaucoma surgery (tube preferred over trab) corneal stromal opacities os multiple, small etiologies unknown, related to brimonidine allergy? also has significant PERSON follicular rxn and injection plan: glaucoma drops per dr. PERSON. off brimonidine now. defer steroid. see me as needed.", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08858", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08858.jpg", "filename": "data_08858.npz", "report": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes.", "age": 68.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, sg diagnosis: glaucoma suspect target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: / 531/514 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: visual fields on initial visit left eye: medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: PERSON plan: patient left without being seen. likely primary open angle glaucoma right eye based on optical coherence tomography and early humphrey visual field changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08863", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "filename": "data_08863.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily.", "age": 80.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. moderate normal tension glaucoma ou - cct (540/559); tmax unknown (10 ou on initial visit); no fhx of glaucoma - hvf with ia os (full od) - some ltf especially in os, but overall likely stable - oct-rnfl 77/75 (sup thin os) - iop 10 ou DATE_TIME on dorzolamide; stable - cont dorzolamide bid ou given likely vascular dysregulation as a component of his disease - continue LOCATION at dinner time instead of bed time right before sleeping (ok per his pcp) given concerns with ocular perfusion 2. pciol ou (sulcus 3 piece iol od nasally displaced) - stable - follow 3. h/o rd os vs tear os? - laser scars seen os - followed by dr. PERSON precautions 4. erm ou with PERSON od - followed by dr. PERSON social/systemic: takes LOCATION; uses PERSON bid rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou (os first, then od)", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08867", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08867.jpg", "filename": "data_08867.npz", "report": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed.", "age": 64.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit neuro and eent open angle with borderline findings and high glaucoma risk in both eyes overview open angle glaucoma suspect based on visual field defect and cdr right eye. previously managed by dr. PERSON. target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: / refractive error: od -5.25 . sphere x / os -4.25 . -0.75 x 130 optic nerve structure and function: paracentral defect right eye. medications and intolerances: was on drops while in LOCATION - stopped here. procedures and complications: none relevant history and problems: current assessment & plan no additional intraocular pressure treatment now. relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus (completed)", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08868", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "filename": "data_08868.npz", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 60.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "occipital cortex, but that must be due to loss of afferent radiation fibers that would project to that tissue. in addition, there was volume loss at the left parietal-occipital sulcus, in the region that i was exploring as a potential explanation for the reading difficulty. this region did not enhance, nor was there mass effect, which makes a tumor very unlikely (although, plausibly, still plausible for a low grade glioma or oligodendroglioma). dr. PERSON suggested that this area could have experienced volume loss because of closure of vessels that had communicated with the avm, although this would not explain the recent onset of reading difficulties. given the fairly recent onset of symptoms, dr. PERSON recommended repeat ct with contrast in DATE_TIME, which the patient agreed to do. diagnoses. 1. status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm (age 20) 2. recent difficulty with reading, ? etiology recommendations. 1. ct of brain with contrast: done 2. repeat ct of brain with contrast in DATE_TIME. patient will obtain cd of early ct scans for comparison PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); reviewing the ct with the patient before and after my discussion with dr. PERSON; formulating and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08870", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "filename": "data_08870.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted.", "age": 53.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. ocular hypertension (cacg s/p lpis ou) with optic nerve PERSON 22/23 or 21 ou per dr. PERSON; had 1 iop reading of 25, DATE_TIME with PERSON, so was sent to PERSON - per review of charts, iops never higher than 21 despite 1st drop added of travatan - stable but some decline PERSON (different machines though) - was on 3 glaucoma drops (combigan and travatan despite tmax 22/23, so travatan stopped DATE_TIME without problems) - worsening hvfs DATE_TIME a. cpm (combigan ou, travatan ou) but add dorzolamide ou bid b. rtc 1-2 weeks pressure check; repeat undilated hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08871", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "filename": "data_08871.npz", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract.", "age": 78.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib on warfarin seen by dr. PERSON DATE_TIME. followed by dr. PERSON for wet amd. \u00ff # wet armd ou - s/p eylea injection ou, most recently DATE_TIME - followed by dr. i PERSON \u00ff # LOCATION -no evidence of diabetic retinopathy -a1c ~6.9, followed at beth israel -stressed importance of bs, bp control \u00ff # glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry os>od - no family history of glaucoma, no trauma - healthy rim ou, good iop ou, relatively low suspicion given excellent iop - cct DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl DATE_TIME wnl ou --stable - hvf DATE_TIME od central defects os unreliable, inf defects hvf DATE_TIME more reliable DATE_TIME, od/os with enlarged blind spots. stable overall hvf DATE_TIME od unreliable due to fn error os borderline unreliable due to fn error, possible arcuate defect -observe. iop excellent. vf defects in od and maybe os likely related to amd and not glaucoma. oct has remained stable # combined cataract ou - becoming visually significant, observe for now \u00ff #refractive error - mrx provided last visit fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08872", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08872.jpg", "filename": "data_08872.npz", "report": "Patient is a 45 year old white, non-hispanic female. She does not have glaucoma. COVID prescreening done.", "age": 45.43, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 45 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. covid prescreening complete.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a 45 year old white, non-hispanic female. She does not have glaucoma. COVID prescreening done.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08877", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "filename": "data_08877.npz", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned.", "age": 83.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "History: \u00ff Wet age-related macular degeneration, both eyes \u00ff s/p Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab x 5, right eye s/p Intravitreal injection of afliberceopt x 3, right eye \u00ff s/p Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab x ?, left eye Now with geographic atrophy, poor vision \u00ff s/p Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab # 32, right eye - last DATE \u00ff \u00ff Optical coherence tomography (OCT)\u00ff DATE: \u00ff\u00ff\u00ffRight - Persistent\u00ffsubretinal fluid involving the fovea, pigment epithelial detachments, drusen, CMT = 271\u00ff-> 311\u00ffum \u00ff\u00ff\u00ffLeft - Outer retinal tubulation, no fluid, drusen, central retinal atrophy - stable \u00ff \u00ff Procedure: \u00ff Intravitreal injection of aflibercept # 15 / # 12\u00ffin this series, right eye \u00ff \u00ff Recommend: \u00ff Intravitreal injection of aflibercept, right eye, 4 weeks +OCT OU \u00ff \u00ff PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08878", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08878.jpg", "filename": "data_08878.npz", "report": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error.", "age": 56.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "56 y.o. male 1. glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry od>os no family history. tmax: 21,20 cct: cct 573 & 578 (average) hvf full ou oct wnl ou family history: denies race: white optic nerve photos stable ou c/w 2008 iop controlled observe 2. refractive error: mrx given DATE_TIME. floaters no tears/rd rd warnings 6 PERSON check PERSON c Person scribing for dr. PERSON at DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08882", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "filename": "data_08882.npz", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye.", "age": 73.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma eval based on nct iop 22/19 ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: 538 / 543 gonioscopy: refractive error: od -1.25. -0.25. 060 / os -0.50. -0.75. 115 optic nerve: rnfl oct: borderline od ; os nml vf: normal both eyes med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: none od / none os other eye surgery: sulcus iol od with iol exchange due to concern for p acnes s/p antibiotic injection / pciol os by PERSON FHx:father (no vision loss or surgery) / steroids: on prednisone for autoimmune pancreatitis & nhl (stopped in DATE_TIME for 6 months) / asthma: no / trauma: none # s/p ce pmhx: autoimmune pancreatitis , NHL , htn, hld, hypothyroid plan: likely early damage od, given iop difference between two eyes and history of multiple eye surgery in od, i recommend we start treated patient agrees start timolol once/day in od only, rba discussed rtc 2-3 mths intraocular pressure, disc photos, dilate diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent 45 MINUTES with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08886", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "filename": "data_08886.npz", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa.", "age": 53.03, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "the patient. 4. cataracts, both eyes -potentially visually significant as of DATE_TIME. 5. social/systemic issues: originally from LOCATION, LOCATION. she has been in the LOCATION for since DATE_TIME. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, right eye -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -restart cosopt bid ou. -restart brimonidine bid ou. -hold rhopressa qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx/mrx (near/far), bat, optical biometry, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal still, we can try rhopressa at that point. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08887", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "filename": "data_08887.npz", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed.", "age": 74.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given narrow occludable angle ou, we will proceed lpi ou. risks, benefits, and alternatives to laser were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. consents signed. no asa/blood thinners implants/special equipment needed -- none preferred anesthesia -- topical diabetic -- DATE_TIME after lpi ou with iop check, gonioscopy, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the medical student (PERSON). i have reviewed the medical student's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08893", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "filename": "data_08893.npz", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed.", "age": 26.73, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "female with concern regarding possible normal tension glaucoma. she has been noted to have large cups and high cup-to-disc ratio. she has a paternal first cousin with a nonprogressing visual field defect in one of her eyes and is on 'drops' for intraocular pressure control. the cousin was diagnosed at DATE_TIME and has never had 'high' intraocular pressure. her grandfather also had glaucoma and possibly normal tension glaucoma. exam DATE_TIME reveals large cups (cup:disc ratio of 0.7-0.8) with intact rims. the retina is otherwise normal. humphrey visual field testing was normal with full fields and optical coherence tomography is essentially normal with one borderline area superiorly right eye. intraocular pressure was 19 right eye and 17 left eye with central corneal thickness of 496 right eye and 500 left eye . impression: the main finding is large cups which may be normal for her or may be an early indicator of a progressive disease. the most significant family history is the paternal cousin, no other family members have evidence of disease. we discussed the genetics of normal tension glaucoma (patient is a genetic counselor at Institution) including both mendelian forms due to optn or tbk1 mutations and common complex disease. its highly unlikely she carries an optn or tbk1 mutation given her mostly normal exam. we will follow up looking for any clinical indication of progression including repeat humphrey visual field and optical coherence tomography in.", "gpt4_summary": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08894", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "filename": "data_08894.npz", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 65.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "neuropathy, but was not consistent with her poor visual acuity. ct face and orbits did not show any orbital fracture or evidence of traumatic optic nerve injuery. mri brain with and without contrast showed moderate white matter changes consistent with microvascular disease, but did not reveal an etiologly of her vision URLere was concern for giant cell arteritis, however her esr and crp were normal and her head aches were consistent with her recent head trauma. i discussed my findings of central retinal vein occlusion with the patient, but also my concern that these findings do not adequately explain her vision loss as her macula appears well perfused. despite negative imaging, my leading differential diagnosis would be a traumatic optic neuropathy that is relatively acute given the lack of pallor of her optic nerve. i again emphasized the need for the patient to obtain urgent primary care evaluation for her frequent falls including thorough syncope evaluation and medication review. impression: 1. central retina vein occlusion right eye 2. vision loss right eye not fully explained by #1 3. possible traumatic optic neuropathy 4. recent frequent falls plan: 1. ct face DATE_TIME, mri brain and orbits with and without contrast pending results of above 2. urgent primary care work up for falls 3. follow up with retina specialist for further management of vein occlusion 4. follow up with me in DATE_TIME for repeat exam 5. monocular precautions- patient will change her prescription to polycarbonate lenses this note was prepared with the assistance of laurel tainsh md, ophthalmology resident PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08897", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "filename": "data_08897.npz", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated.", "age": 46.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "46 f for f/u from PERSON ed DATE_TIME with asthenopia; also for glaucoma evaluation. recently with bicycle accident with headstrike DATE_TIME; no ocular trauma seen DATE_TIME. # possible post-concussion syndrome, with acute increased difficulty in compensating for astigmatism and presbyopia. - f/u with pcp # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: father [ cct: 566,570 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # macular drusen, right eye. not visually significant. - discussed not smoking; antioxidants; uv protection - monitor # refractive error (myopic astigmatism and early presbyopia), needs to update glasses. discussed normal effects of presbyopia - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year, sooner prn i personally spent >DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient on DATE_TIME of the visit.", "gpt4_summary": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08905", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08905.jpg", "filename": "data_08905.npz", "report": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery.", "age": 79.76, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio no fhx tmax 19/17 per available epic records cct 595/596 hvf wnl ou oct rnfl shows artifactual changes od (likely due to cataract), wnl os \u00ff\u00ff # visually significant cataracts od>os -pt is symptomatic and has noticed a deterioration in vision in the right eye affecting pt's adl; pt interested in surgery pmhx: niddm (a1c 6.1), htn, hld, gout plan: schedule for ce/iol od gerardo gesualdi has a visually significant cataract in the both eye that is impairing activities of DATE_TIME living and the patient desires surgery the r/b/a were discussed including a potential for loss of vision due to surgical complication including but not limited to infection, hemorrhage, retinal detachment and need to return to or, and benefits of cataract extraction were explained to the patient as was the option of deferring the surgery to DATE_TIME. the patient opted to proceed with surgery and informed consent was obtained. issues related to refractive error and its correction post-op have also been discussed. i have explained that there can be no guarantee of complete spectacle freedom. target: distance lens type: monofocal trauma: no flomax: no guttae: trace pxf: no dm: yes, not on insulin trypan: maybe pupil diameter 6 mm iris hooks/malyugan ring: likely no nuclear disassembly method: stop and chop anesthesia: PERSON aspirin/warfarin: asa right eye first will need to get a scan -- significant difference in axial length i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08906", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08906.jpg", "filename": "data_08906.npz", "report": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Recommended hygiene: baby shampoo, gel at night if needed.", "age": 86.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. hygiene prn. at recommendation given, baby shampoo (not oil), if still sx gel qhs", "gpt4_summary": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Recommended hygiene: baby shampoo, gel at night if needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08907", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "filename": "data_08907.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment.", "age": 43.63, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visual acuity visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist cc 20/20 20/20 correction: glasses tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 20 12 tonometry #2 (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 17 16 main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens 1+ cortical cataract 1+ cortical cataract fundus exam right left vitreous normal normal disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.7 0.7 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems glaucoma of left eye associated with ocular inflammation, mild stage overview history of uveitic (hsv) glaucoma, likely LOCATION os, DATE_TIME with recurrence (third episode) cct 540s ou, maximum iop DATE_TIME os, family history neg - episode in DATE_TIME and recurrent episode DATE_TIME with iop elevation and cell - prior surgeries and lasers: none - intolerance to medications: none - hvf DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: full ou - oct rnfl with ?worsening inf thinning os flare up DATE_TIME, improved on pred, valtrex and glaucoma meds --> off pred now iop better, but still symmetric with od so will keep on timolol os given recurrences though only using DATE_TIME current assessment & plan iop controlled currently on no drops testing had been normal with no sign of glaucomatous defects patient with cupping though ou and needs DATE_TIME testing follow-up in DATE_TIME iop check PERSON, md DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08911", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08911.jpg", "filename": "data_08911.npz", "report": "72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Underwent covid phone screening.", "age": 72.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. covid phone screening", "gpt4_summary": "72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Underwent covid phone screening.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08912", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08912.jpg", "filename": "data_08912.npz", "report": "75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 75.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08916", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "filename": "data_08916.npz", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n", "age": 45.67, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, patient of nz diagnosis: glaucoma suspect, low iop, LOCATION near disc od accounting for vf loss \u00ff target iop: 23 / 23,\u00ff tmax: 18 ( ) / 18 ( ) \u00ff central corneal thickness: 623 / 625 \u00ff gonioscopy: \u00ff refractive error: od . . / os . . \u00ff optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: large normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: large normal \u00ff visual fields on initial visit right eye: enlarged blind spot, retinal scar visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal \u00ff medication history and intolerances at first visit:\u00ff \u00ff glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: \u00ff other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: \u00ff other eye problems right eye: rpe scar near disc od accounting for vf loss other eye problems left eye: \u00ff \u00ff family history: none, daughter has large cup:disc at DATE_TIME noted steroids: hydrocortizone cream (rare use) trauma: asthma: \u00ff other medical history and problems:\u00ff \u00ff cutaneous lupus (briefly was on plaquenil) \u00ff plan: \u00ff - humphrey visual field and optical coherence tomography stable DATE_TIME - iop ok; only very rare use of hydrocortisone cream (<1/mo) - otc readers ok; if unhappy can call optom - return to clinic DATE_TIME with optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08919", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08919.jpg", "filename": "data_08919.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic problems that threaten vision/neurological function & health. High risk of morbidity due to stroke. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 43.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "return to neuro-ophth as needed PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes (dr. PERSON); review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian - his wife); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON (mri and ct) ; and with respect to management, this patient has a high risk of morbidity related to his stroke. ]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has chronic problems that threaten vision/neurological function & health. High risk of morbidity due to stroke. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08922", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "filename": "data_08922.npz", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty.", "age": 67.02, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 28 / 27 central corneal thickness: 533 / 533 gonioscopy: c30b 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: father in setting of injury, mother, borther steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: prostate cancer s/p prostatectomy, htn, hld assessment/plan: 66 y.o. male security guard # ocular hypertension, both eyes - iop too high ou, vf and oct stable - discussed drops vs selective laser trabeculoplasty, interested in participating in coast trial - i discussed the risks/benefits/alternatives to bilateral eye selective laser trabeculoplasty including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, acute eye pressure elevation, and inadequate eye pressure lowering that requires further treatment. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf sita standard, biometry, and slt ou as per coast trial protocol # exophoria - no diplopia, good control, likely longstanding, monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor # refractive error, contact lens wear - next appointment with PERSON DATE_TIME - next appointment with dr. lo DATE_TIME PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08928", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "filename": "data_08928.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n", "age": 56.31, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "shared patient with dr. PERSON. patient originally from LOCATION; she understands NRP fairly well. she has been accompanied by her fully bilingual daughter and her son. patient's daughter is best contact for appointments: roseance phanor, tel. PHONE_NUMBER (updated phone number DATE_TIME). PERSON also comes to some appointments. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME s/p phaco/xen os s/p needling at the slit lamp (failed) and off glaucoma medications. -hold cosopt bid ou. -hold brimonidine tid ou. -restart latanoprost qhs ou => sample given on DATE_TIME. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -long discussion with patient in english/french on DATE_TIME: we proceeded with phaco/xen gel stent os. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal os in future, consider revision of xen gel stent in or. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08929", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "filename": "data_08929.npz", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months.", "age": 90.99, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "imp: dmii without diabetic PERSON, with good va cystic lesion rul blepharitis ou inc c/d od>os, hx trauma od - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od sup thinning PERSON, PERSON--stable; hvf with arcuate changes od>os - + fhx glaucoma (mother) - no iop elevation -cct 614/582 rnfl thinning likely post traumatic from childhood, but could represent low tension glaucoma pt wishes to rv here in 6 mo--will repeat hvf and oct of rnfl then", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08930", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "filename": "data_08930.npz", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma.", "age": 29.79, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient experienced sudden, painless loss of vision, like a 'black line' just below fixation in his right eye. he was seen by an ophthalmologist who performed oct and fluorescein angiogram, and he diagnosed a 'cotton wool spot'. since that exam, the size of the black line has stayed the same but an area of blurry vision in the inferior quadrant has progressed. my exam showed an abnormal visual field od, with a relatively dense, inferior central-cecal defect combined with a broader inferior arcuate defect. the fundus exam showed a moderate dense superficial retinal abnormality in the proximal superior arcuate region, which by oct was irregular and thus not consistent with a myelinated nerve fiber defect (which was my initial inclination). the oct also showed cellular debris above and around the lesion, which suggests an inflammatory or infectious etiology. notably, there were no vitreous cells on slit lamp exam. using direct ophthalmoscopy, i perceived very fine telangiectatic peripapillary vessels only in the right eye. both optic nerves appeared normal. i do not have a clear explanation for the visual loss. i am considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy given his gender/age, the central-cecal like field defect and the possible telangiectasias. for this reason, i recommended lhon genetic testing, given the availability of a possible therapy. however, this diagnosis does not explain the white retinal lesion and seeming cellular reaction. to address this abnormality, which is likely the important clue to the diagnosis, i will confer with dr. PERSON, and hopefully obtain recommendations for serological testing which we can perform DATE_TIME. impression: 1. inferior visual loss od, ? etiology recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination DATE_TIME (i devoted DATE_TIME to the diagnosis and discussion of management.)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08931", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "filename": "data_08931.npz", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions.", "age": 61.76, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "?- glaucoma suspect (moderate) with mild cdr assymetry od > os - pachymetry (561/547); tmax (15/13); PERSON of glaucoma (sister uses PERSON) - hvf with ? early PERSON nasal step od that may be repeatable compared to DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON; full DATE_TIME (47/51) global thinning ou ?- there is poor structure-function correlation and i suspect this is more likely a congenital anomaly and less likely glaucoma - tg = mid teens ou; at goal ou plan: - follow without PERSON for now - reassured patient that tonometer tips are sufficiently sterilized prior to checking iop with LOCATION's solution ? # early cataract ou - not visually significant - follow - chalazion of eyelids, blepharitis plan: pt saw dr. PERSON before. ? social/systemic: hcv treated with sovaldi, htn, hypothyroid; pt was seeing dr. song before. pt has a remote fhx of rp. ? rtc DATE_TIME for iop, NRP and dp's ou. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08934", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "filename": "data_08934.npz", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor.", "age": 73.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON charles street boston ma 02114 patient: PERSON a kulash mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: thank you for referring PERSON to me for evaluation. below are the relevant portions of the exam, along with my assessment and plan of care. vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/150 16 left 20/70-2 15 assessment and plan: 73 m hx htn last cos visit with PERSON in DATE_TIME. referred back by PERSON for glaucoma monitoring. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: no [ cct: 592,575 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: central defect od, full os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # s/p cataract surgery, both eyes, doing well # nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, both eyes - f/u with PERSON, next appt DATE_TIME # refractive error, doing well with current glasses. rtc 1 year, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON along with you. sincerely, , PERSON beverly woo, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08936", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "filename": "data_08936.npz", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n", "age": 64.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "if she would like second opinion) for eyelid care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given patient amenable and wish for better vision os>od, we proceeded with phaco/pciol os first on DATE_TIME. -i referred her to dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME for refractive care. -mrx given to patient at their request on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given visually-significant cataract od that has worsened in DATE_TIME, we proceeded with complex phaco/pciol od (attending case at patient's request) on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given that patient is bothered by pco od, we proceeded with yag capsulotomy od on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i discussed patient's great visual acuity ou and stable hvf, oct, and iop, which indicates stable glaucoma (i.e., 1 stable chronic illness). we also had a long discussion about her recent blepharoplasty ou, which looks good but patient is unhappy with the result of her right eye. i encouraged her to either see dr. PERSON sooner or meet with dr. PERSON for second opinion. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. prescription drug management was performed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf (with coaching), dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08937", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "filename": "data_08937.npz", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly.", "age": 80.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: history glaucoma suspect ou; stable hvf and oct cataract ou; asymptomatic mild PERSON ou mild ptosis ou (levator dehisc) refr error plan: yrly with hvf and oct of rnfl and PERSON (mostly wears ctls)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08938", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "filename": "data_08938.npz", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts.", "age": 54.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "54\u00ffyo old male here for DATE_TIME eye exam: \u00ff\u00ff 1. ocular hypetension on meds (latanoprost, betoptic for DATE_TIME, since his 30s) though questionable compliance stopped betoptic DATE_TIME, here for iop check iop today 25/23 (DATE_TIME) \u00ff\u00ff hvf DATE_TIME: full, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: full, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, reliable DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou, expected with eccentric cup thick cornea (pachy 600s per outside records) oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou \u00ff\u00ff rec: - cont latanoprost qhs ou - resume timolol xe ou - return DATE_TIME, iop check \u00ff 2. mild myopic correction and presbyopia does not want glasses rx \u00ff\u00ff 3. rpe changes, drusen od, epiretinal membrane os vision good oct macula DATE_TIME: PERSON, very few drusen erm os, mild extrafoveal wrinkling monitor \u00ff\u00ff 4. cataracts ou not visually significant, monitor", "gpt4_summary": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08939", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08939.jpg", "filename": "data_08939.npz", "report": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months.", "age": 56.09, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "56 y.o. male records reviewed from dr. PERSON 1. glaucoma suspect ou based on increased c:d ratio ou and + pxf os fhx negative hvf full ou oct/ borderline sup thinning od, wnl os; normal ganglion cell analysis ou dp DATE_TIME iop controlled ou observe discussed risk of glaucoma and need for f/u 2. re - cpm with otc readers, inc to +2.00 prn for small print f/u 6 mo check iop, gonio and cct ou", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08947", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "filename": "data_08947.npz", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist.", "age": 55.3, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male low tension glaucoma suspect risks include: c/d asymm, age, race. DATE_TIME) rnfl thin temporal ou. gcl thin od > os. thin gcl ou. PERSON -4 ou. hvf 24-2 (DATE_TIME) watch inferior, low reliability od, watch superior, low reliability; increase fixsation os -- repeat next visit low reliability due to fleeting views during hvf pt reports no fhx of glaucoma or anemia pt denies h/o transfusion, trauma, or anemia transfer of care to glaucoma specialist in DATE_TIME hyperopia with presbyopia ou, astigmatism os gave rx mild cataracts ou observe, not visually significant seasonal allergies gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn, allergy PERSON, and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' avoid flonase and other steroidal medications avoid decongestant 'd' variants of allergy meds f/u in DATE_TIME for glaucoma, transfer of care; repeat hvf 24-2,", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08950", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "filename": "data_08950.npz", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma.", "age": 89.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "89 y.o. woman 1. fuchs corneal dystrophy os>od os: previously, pachy os: 650 and od: 630 \u00ffs/p dmek DATE_TIME os (dr. PERSON) graft attached and clear s/p trauma with towel on DATE_TIME, epithelial defect resolved > followed by PERSON, missed her DATE_TIME > consider switching to lotemax daily os due to steroid response. will talk to dr. PERSON \u00ff 2. open angle glaucoma ou -continue PERSON bid in both eyes -- diagnosed DATE_TIME, only has used this medication during this time >tcurrent: 17/26 >tmax: unknown >tgoal: >c/d ratio: 0.5/0.6 >gonio: open ou DATE_TIME >cct: >oct: DATE_TIME with full rims ou DATE_TIME wnl ou >hvf: od 7/11 fl, os 5/11 fl, od with ? nasal step, os with central scattered defects with unclear pattern >family history: >race: NRP >optic nerve photos: >> iop elevated os, using pf DATE_TIME in that eye, ? steroid response >> continue PERSON bid ou add alphagan bid os >> iop check with dr. PERSONE. if iop ok, fu with me DATE_TIME. pseudophakia ou -s/p capsulotomy ou, visual axis clear ou -monitor for now \u00ff\u00ff 4. refractive error ou - continue current glasses \u00ff 5. detaching posterior LOCATION face ou -no macular traction on DATE_TIME -rd precautions reviewed \u00ff 6. des os>od - plugs and ats \u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08952", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "filename": "data_08952.npz", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain.", "age": 35.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "directions: not available; details: not available; date: DATE_TIME LOCATION pawar DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME seasonal allergic rhinitis lactose intolerance chest pain annual physical exam results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08954", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "filename": "data_08954.npz", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed.", "age": 73.08, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "od left before md exam DATE_TIME. left message about importance of starting latanoprost to prevent blindness, will refer to glaucoma service 5. left eye trauma vs. possible amblyopia os at DATE_TIME, pencil poked os. ever since, left eye bcva was 20/40. denies patching. 6. soft drusen os >> counseled re importance of smoking cessation. areds 2 advised >> retina consultation for increase in number and size of soft drusen >> saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME. erm od with PERSON od>os -stable", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08955", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "filename": "data_08955.npz", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present.", "age": 71.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "Imp: cupping ou, susp. for glaucoma; but low pressure, thick pachymetry, and normal hvf and oct normal (and stable) Mild cataract ou refr error Plan: rx=m glasses RTC 1 yr yrly w hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08961", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "filename": "data_08961.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes.", "age": 67.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. she has had a crvo os since DATE_TIME and sees dr. PERSON for recurrent cme. she had ocular hypertension on DATE_TIME. diagnosis: history of ocular hypertension target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 509 / 540 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +0.75 . DATE_TIME . 088 / os -0.50 . -1.00 . 080 optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): 0.3, full optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): 0.3, borderline superior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): non-specific defects medication history at first visit: none medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: anti-vegf other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: PERSON family history: no steroids: no trauma: blunt trauma left eye asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. history of ocular hypertension -first episode of high iop was on DATE_TIME, stable since then -dilated DATE_TIME, did not get to gonio -testing okay so far, keep an eye on the left superior rnfl 2. PERSON os -initially diagnosed in DATE_TIME cme, getting injections with dr. PERSON plan: -monitor off of iop meds -will follow-up with a gonio on the next visit rtc in DATE_TIME for iop, LOCATION, gonio", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08966", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "filename": "data_08966.npz", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 79.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "for pain (specific location in comments). meclizine hcl (meclizine oral) (taking) take 3 mg by mouth. simvastatin (zocor) 20 mg tablet (taking) take 20 mg by mouth nightly. PERSON (ambien) 5 mg tablet (taking) take 5 mg by mouth nightly as needed for sleep. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME arthritis hypercholesterolemia results", "gpt4_summary": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08968", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08968.jpg", "filename": "data_08968.npz", "report": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 37.84, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "yanna (LOCATION) NRP PERSON) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: oct, hvf, mri 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON PERSON plotkin 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. PERSON with respect to management, this patient has a moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment limited by social determinants or health.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08970", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "filename": "data_08970.npz", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis.", "age": 73.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "current medications aspirin 81 mg chewable tablet (taking) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME akshay bhosale DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. atenolol (tenormin) 25 mg tablet (taking) take 0.5 tablets by mouth DATE_TIME. akshay bhosale DATE_TIME metal med transfer process multivitamin oral (taking) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: not available; date: DATE_TIME akshay bhosale DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. omeprazole (prilosec) 20 mg capsule (taking) take 1 capsule by mouth DATE_TIME. akshay bhosale DATE_TIME metal med transfer process simvastatin (zocor) 5 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON bhosale DATE_TIME metal med transfer process triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 % cream (taking) apply 1 application topically 2 (two) times a day. akshay bhosale DATE_TIME metal med transfer process your orders normal orders this visit oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME menopause present hemorrhoids hypercholesterolemia hypertensive disorder glaucoma vitamin d deficiency gastroesophageal reflux disease osteoporosis actinic keratosis basal cell carcinoma of skin knee pain arthritis healthcare maintenance hx of colonic polyps obesity results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08972", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08972.jpg", "filename": "data_08972.npz", "report": "The clinical note indicates a change in the patient's eye drop treatment. The prescription for latanoprost and dorzolamide has been ceased. The text does not state explicitly about the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 81.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency latanoprost* (teal) stop dorzolamide& (orange) the left eye 3x/day rhopressa (white) stop LOCATION (rhopressa-latanoprost) (white) both eyes DATE_TIME * some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note indicates a change in the patient's eye drop treatment. The prescription for latanoprost and dorzolamide has been ceased. The text does not state explicitly about the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08973", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "filename": "data_08973.npz", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed.", "age": 62.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "62 y.o. male 1. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio ou family history: negative cct: 578/573, average ou hvf full ou dp stable ou c/w 2012 oct wnl ou iop controlled ou observe 2. nuc cataract (od>os). myopic shift od pt bothered by blurry vision od at distance trouble with night driving discussed options of updating glasses vs ce/iol od he wants to proceed with ce/iol od at this time risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. refractive target options discussed. pt wants to aim distance with monofocal lens. + baby asa, cpm no flomax/tamsulosin/alpha blockers cat surgery od", "gpt4_summary": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08981", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08981.jpg", "filename": "data_08981.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review.", "age": 41.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_08985", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "filename": "data_08985.npz", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy.", "age": 61.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. pigmentary glaucoma ou vs poag ou: advanced stage ou. intraocular pressure (iop) max 26 mm hg, ou; central corneal thickness 515/505 microns. iop goal is low teens. has been on timolol since DATE_TIME. glaucoma procedures: od: PERSON alt 90 degrees od. os: none target repeat DATE_TIME # cobblestone degeneration ou and NRP scar os scar os ? h/o blunt trauma- hit in eye with drinking glass DATE_TIME \u00ff # diabetes mellitus last a1c was 7.1 (DATE_TIME) improved from 9.3 (DATE_TIME) treating with metformin 1000 mg bid, and glimepiride, jardiance - no retinopathy - recommend bs control # graves' disease s/p rai therapy (dr. PERSON, PERSON, DATE_TIME) tsh high DATE_TIME 21.20, increased dose of levothyroxine to 175 mcg/day no history of ocular involvement \u00ff # refractive error, presbyopia new rx provided for backup, pt still happy with current glasses fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09009", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09009.jpg", "filename": "data_09009.npz", "report": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended.", "age": 88.39, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "drs. PERSON and mallery. patient is a former shipyard inspector. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 10 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 13 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on timolol qhs ou, dorzolamide bid od, and brimonidine bid ou. -start pf cosopt bid ou. -start PERSON bid ou. -start zioptan qhs ou. -stop dorzolamide bid od. -stop brimonidine bid ou. -stop timolol bid ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for general eye care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for neuro-ophthalmology care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for dry eye care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -rtc in DATE_TIME at lw with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider bgi in the future if iop remains elevated. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09010", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "filename": "data_09010.npz", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma.", "age": 75.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "not reliable due to low signal. oct DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning, stable (better signal/image than 7/16). PERSON. DATE_TIME: decreased signal od with superior thinning appears worse, but associated with significant missing data superiorly. os superior thinning resolved (new at 12/15 exam) oct DATE_TIME: od superior thinning. os superior thinning (new). decr'd signal od>os oct DATE_TIME: od insufficient signal (blink). os full. DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable hrt DATE_TIME: PERSON ou dp DATE_TIME: 0.65 ou, sl hazy view with cataract ou - xalatan ou qhs resumed DATE_TIME (was on latanoprost os only from DATE_TIME to 1/08 with dr. PERSON, stopped as findings had resolved) DATE_TIME: poor signal strength oct, likely due to cataract. hvf with slight progression od. iop stable low teens. - DATE_TIME: will hold on xalatan qhs ou now s/p ce ou. >> DATE_TIME: oct and hvf stable, iop good. will follow, he feels comforted by following hvf DATE_TIME >> DATE_TIME: increase in thinning superiorly od, non-specific hvf changes >> will check again in DATE_TIME, holding xalatan ou qhs since ce \u00ff\u00ff 5. dermatochalasis ou \u00ff\u00ff 6. pvd ou: rd precautions \u00ff\u00ff 7. trace PERSONME: stable erm just nasal to LOCATION, no cme >> oct on f/u \u00ff\u00ff 8. small intraretinal hemorrhage temporal periphery os DATE_TIME, resolved DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 9. drusen temporal to macula ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09013", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09013.jpg", "filename": "data_09013.npz", "report": "The patient has been prescribed latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005% ophthalmic solution for nightly use, which suggests the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 74.62, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "PERSON telephone: PHONE_NUMBER fax: PHONE_NUMBER hours: e-prescribed (1 of 1) latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 2.5 ml refills: 12 your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been prescribed latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005% ophthalmic solution for nightly use, which suggests the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09015", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09015.jpg", "filename": "data_09015.npz", "report": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated.", "age": 61.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "surgery. selective laser trabeculoplasty right eye DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME intraocular pressure check possible surgical planning if intraocular pressure still high", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09022", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "filename": "data_09022.npz", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 39.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "of persistent, more complex photopsias in DATE_TIME may be more reflective of a migraine aura (particularly in light of her prior history of the same and persistent symptoms with eye closure), the duration of her more recent symptoms would be unusual for a migrainous process. the absence of additional neurological involvement or reported findings on imaging would also argue against occipital seizures, while her normal afferent function and static clinical course reduces suspicion for an optic nerve or chorioretinal inflammatory disorder. we accordingly reviewed warning signs for retinal detachment as well as continued routine ophthalmological care unless she notices changes in her symptoms. i will plan to see ms. papas in follow-up as needed, although she understood to contact me with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09024", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "filename": "data_09024.npz", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies.", "age": 65.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female DATE_TIME/o thyroid disease mild ul retraction, no proptosis at prn dryness 2. refractive error: cpm with otc readers 3. glaucoma susp b/o c:d asymmetry od>os fhx maternal aunt PERSON cct 598,596 thick ou, so actual iop is lower than measured hvf full ou oct wnl ou plan: observe closely 4. bilateral conjunctival injection ou no discharge ou ? allergic vs due to des or thyroid disease no relief with refresh bid - tid try to add zaditor ou bid (high pollen count right now) f/u 6 PERSON, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp PERSON scribing for dr. Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09026", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09026.jpg", "filename": "data_09026.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident.", "age": 64.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "with the resident and review of medical tests, including two sets of reviews of ocular imaging) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09028", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "filename": "data_09028.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted.", "age": 50.8, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "and central deep depression. high fl. os: nasal quadrant depression and superior temporal inner-arcuate region depression (stable compared to DATE_TIME) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, gcc right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. notes od: prnfl thinning superiorly and inferiorly (stable compared to DATE_TIME, avg 54 microns). diffuse gcipl thinning (avg 54 microns) os: PERSON thinning diffusely, greatest superiorly and inferiorly (avg 51 microns). gcipl thinning sparing a sector LOCATION to the fovea along the horizontal (avg 56 microns). formulation: ms. PERSON has a history of sequential naion, and given the severe vision loss already present in the right eye, we treated with prednisone. her optic disc swelling resolved and she was tapered off of prednisone. her exam DATE_TIME is overall stable, although her acuity measured 20/200 od today and was 20/30 at the last visit DATE_TIME. notably the acuity od has ranged to a poor as cf at the first visits with us in DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME, and then was noted to be better probably due to finding a preserved island of vision within her scotoma at subsequent visits. she does not notice a functional change between the eyes though notes that she now needs reading glasses. oct suggests there has been no structural change to the right nerve. oct was only done in the edematous stable os, so we now see optic atrophy os with a preserved sector of gcipl superior-nasal to the foveal. overall i think she is stable. i will see her back again in DATE_TIME to recheck her exam. impression: 1. naion os, probable naion od recommendations: 1. follow up in DATE_TIME ? ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09029", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09029.jpg", "filename": "data_09029.npz", "report": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries.", "age": 59.26, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09032", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "filename": "data_09032.npz", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost.", "age": 53.23, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma, PERSON both eyes referred by optometrist PERSON. PERSON target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 23 central corneal thickness: 508 / 481 corneal hysteresis: 8.7/7.8 gonioscopy: open to scleral spur both eyes, 3+ pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: mild inferior and superior thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: inferior>superior thinning, c/d 0.9 visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior nasal step visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: PERSON other eye procedures left eye: PERSON other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: maternal cousin steroids: none trauma: does boxing, sometimes gets punched in the eye asthma: none other medical history and problems: migraines, sleep apnea, hld initial note: moderate oag os>od, PERSON - thin corneas (508/480), elevated intraocular pressure (23/24), young patient, also with risk factors for ntg (migraine, sleep apnea) - iop goal <14 ou - start treatment with latanoprost vs slt vs both plan: recommend selective laser trabeculoplasty or latanoprost and he will start with latanoprost but come on an selective laser DATE_TIME for treatment. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, 10:17 am) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09037", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09037.jpg", "filename": "data_09037.npz", "report": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes.", "age": 63.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "- start rhopressa once nightly both eyes - if intraocular pressure remains elevated after adding rhopressa, could repeat selective laser trabeculoplasty or do xen - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check and repeat baseline testing # cataract, both eyes - not visually significant, monitor i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09039", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "filename": "data_09039.npz", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 30.87, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "30 y.o. high myopia ou > updated glasses rx given rgp wearer - using old contact in os, has appt to see cl clinic DATE_TIME trace posterior subcapsular cataracts ou os> od - nonsmoker, no diabetes, no steroids > observe PERSON gland dysfunction > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation visual disturbance - vision in the left eye appears 'darker' than the right eye - color vision PERSON shows - rnfl oct show thinning but difficult to interpret because of tilted nerves - mac oct wnl > unclear etiology. likely not an optic nerve issue. could be the slightly worse psc causing this symptom. no other alarming features. will observe, repeat testing in DATE_TIME, repeat hvf/ rnfl oct", "gpt4_summary": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09046", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "filename": "data_09046.npz", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided.", "age": 72.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "(dark blue) both eyes 2x/day ** this medication is also known as combigan, and it represents a combination of timolol and brimonidine. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09047", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09047.jpg", "filename": "data_09047.npz", "report": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist.", "age": 56.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "56 y.o. male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism works DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) on DATE_TIME referred by dr. PERSON suspect based on cup:disc asymmetry os>od fam hx: none tmax: 17/17 cct: 546/532 gonio DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON): ou open to cbb hvf DATE_TIME: od ?early inferior nasal step, os ?early inferior arcuate DATE_TIME: PERSON, os persistent ?early inferior arcuate DATE_TIME: od full, os inferior defect DATE_TIME: od nonspecific nasal defects, os borderline reliable (8/14 fl) full DATE_TIME: od full, os persistent inferior defects (fluctuates each visit) rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON, os thin superior borderline inferior DATE_TIME: PERSON, os thin superior borderline inferior (stable from DATE_TIME) disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME seen by PERSON rao DATE_TIME for abnormal oct os: may be segmentation artifact due to slight tilt of nerve. hvf DATE_TIME with possible persistent inferior defect (though fluctuates) which matches superior thinning on oct. >> findings discussed at length with patient again. he would like to see glaucoma specialist (dr. PERSON has left) to discuss pros/cons of LOCATION/o viral conjunctivitis in DATE_TIME (treated with LOCATION for DATE_TIME in march), with subepithelial infiltrates ou (os was near visual axis); resolved >> cont preservative-free artificial tears as needed - blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction ou azasite was too expensive >> continue warm compresses (encouraged regular use), artificial tears prn - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME for bifocals for computer and reading (computer glasses alone didn't work due to inability to read paperwork when working with patients) f/up with me in DATE_TIME, no dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09050", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "filename": "data_09050.npz", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. DATE_TIME/o failed dsek x2, right eye -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. 5. social/systemic issues: referred by dr. PERSON. previously seen by PERSON PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME on cosopt bid od and pf bid od. -continue cosopt bid od. -continue pf bid od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -rtc in *** with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09056", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09056.jpg", "filename": "data_09056.npz", "report": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye.", "age": 83.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "thank you for allowing us to participate in your care. please follow up as instructed. if you have any problems, such as decreasing vision, increasing pain, or increasing redness, please call at anytime. if you are having an emergency, we have a DATE_TIME emergency room at 243 LOCATION in LOCATION. PERSON 8am-5pm: PHONE_NUMBER for emergencies or DATE_TIME: PHONE_NUMBER and ask for glaucoma doctor on call please use your eyedrops as follows: drug eye top color schedule brimonidine (alphagan) left eye purple 2x/day cosopt (dorzolamide/timolol) both eyes blue 2x/day latanoprost (xalatan) left eye teal DATE_TIME allow DATE_TIME between drops. - it is very important to take your eye drops DATE_TIME as instructed, including DATE_TIME of your next visit. - please remember to bring your eye drops to your next visit. - if you run out of any of your drops before your next visit, please have the pharmacy call your doctor to authorize a refill.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09060", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09060.jpg", "filename": "data_09060.npz", "report": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.54, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "2+ pco. i explained that we can consider yag capsulotomy od in the near future if dr. PERSON agrees that it would be beneficial and if cme is controlled. we can sign consents over telemedicine if dr. PERSON agrees to yag capsulotomy od. -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. in the future, i will likely perform trabeculotomy 360 os if iop above goal. if va not 20/20 od, consider yag capsulotomy od in future if cme resolved and with dr. PERSON's blessing. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09063", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09063.jpg", "filename": "data_09063.npz", "report": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised.", "age": 68.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME f \u00ff # likely early manifest glaucoma, right eye # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, left eye [ fhx: no [ cct: 565,568 [ oct DATE_TIME: inferior thinning od, nonspecific os [ hvf DATE_TIME: low reliability with sup > inf defect od, full os - given concordant findings in the right eye, likely early glaucoma in the right eye. - reviewed importance of treatment and f/u in the prevention of progressive permanent vision loss from glaucoma. - iop acceptable on latanoprost. continue PERSON. - handout previously given for selective laser trabeculoplasty as well. # cataract, both eyes, minimal and not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn previously: # hx of retinal hemorrhage in peripheral retina, seen previously. no retinal hemorrhages seen DATE_TIME. - monitor for recurrence \u00ff # s/p excision of rll lesions (DATE_TIME PERSON), doing well \u00ff # refractive error, needs glasses for hyperopia and presbyopia. - rx given for new glasses for DATE_TIME driving; may continue otc readers. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09073", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09073.jpg", "filename": "data_09073.npz", "report": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 25.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "been stable. considering the stability of her weight and her afferent exam and the uncertainty as to whether her new headaches were caused by pseudotumor cerebri or a potential viral infection, it is reasonable to attempt a taper of diamox. prior to her visit to the ed, she had not taken diamox since DATE_TIME and was asymptomatic until DATE_TIME. as such, i recommended decreasing the dose by half, then discontinuation, which she understands is a trial to determine if she needs to take this medicine. impression: 1. h/o idiopathic intracranial hypertension with optic nerve head pallor and stably depressed visual fields 2. possible polycystic ovary syndrome recommendations: 1. zyrtec 5 mg (can be increased to 10 mg DATE_TIME if not helpful). if the daily headaches continue, consider 500 mg bid of diamox 2. follow up with obgyn for possible treatment of suspected polycystic ovary syndrome 3. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology clinic in DATE_TIME. decrease diamox 500 mg to qd for DATE_TIME, then stop 2. follow up in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09074", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "filename": "data_09074.npz", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma.", "age": 69.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. large suspicious nevus in left macula. pt actively followed by PERSON gragadous DATE_TIME for this lesion. fundus photos of this lesion suggest no meaningful change since DATE_TIME. \u00ff 2. small nevus od. \u00ff 3. h/o gist ( gi stromal tumor) in remission. followed at tufts. don't think this is related to eye issues. \u00ff 4. nonglaucomatous visual field loss os that is optic nerve based. there is a mild dychromatopsia os but missing some color plates seems to be related to his inferior arcuate scotoma which may be retinal based. no pathological cupping is seen and optic nerves have not changed vs DATE_TIME photos that in our chart. tmax 15 mm hg \u00ff 5. h/o skin cas due to lots of sunbathing. PERSON. pt claims has been stable. pt followed by a dermatologist \u00ff plan: visual field stable both eyes rnfl oct stable visual field changes are due to macular lesion left eye which is mostly superior to the macula explaining the inferior defect no clear evidence of glaucoma rtc 1 yr visual field , rnfl oct , dilate", "gpt4_summary": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09076", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09076.jpg", "filename": "data_09076.npz", "report": "45 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Immunizations administered. Patient gateway account activated.", "age": 45.09, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 45 y.o. asian, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information a", "gpt4_summary": "45 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Immunizations administered. Patient gateway account activated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09077", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "filename": "data_09077.npz", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted.", "age": 74.41, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by DR PERSON ) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 35 / 24 central corneal thickness: 480 / 480 gonioscopy: c30f 2+ ou, scattered low pas ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: advanced diffuse thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: advanced diffuse thinning visual fields, right eye: inferior altitudinal, superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: central island family history: grandmother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: PERSON's witness, esrd on hemodialysis, rheumatoid arthritis, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, gout, history of breast cancer assessment/plan: 74 y.o. NRP-speaking female # mixed mechanism glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p phaco/trabeculectomy ou (od DATE_TIME dr. PERSON, os DATE_TIME dr. PERSON), s/p selective laser NRP DATE_TIME - had gap in visits and off drops most of DATE_TIME, significant oct progression since DATE_TIME; long gap again DATE_TIME-DATE_TIME in setting of DATE_TIME - follow vf with 24-2 od and 10-2 os - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct roughly stable ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - doing well, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09078", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "filename": "data_09078.npz", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP.", "age": 72.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: nuclear sclerosis ou cupping ou, susp for glaucoma, but anomalous with thick cct; nl oct and nl hvf; no iop elevation refr error lid margin lesion od: patient reports no growth for DATE_TIME. monitor. blepharitis history ant corneal dystrophy sup os>od \u00ff plan: rx=m glasses prn warm compr/art tears rtc DATE_TIME--repeat hvf and oct then", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09080", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "filename": "data_09080.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia.", "age": 45.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "impression and plan: 1) glaucoma suspect -based on family history (father). cup to disc asymmetry -iop borderline (21 ou) -vf with non specific defects although more pronounced nasally URLllow. 2) astigmatism and presbyopia ou -updated glasses prescription given to patient follow up DATE_TIME with vf 24-2, oct on, pachymetry ou PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09081", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "filename": "data_09081.npz", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion.", "age": 55.13, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 f for f/u from PERSON ed DATE_TIME with ocular surface irritation. also for glaucoma suspect. # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. associated with NRP gland dysfunction. improved with treatment. - continue artificial tears ou qid prn. - start artificial tear ointment ou qhs. - discussed controlling environmental factors, including avoiding/blocking air movement around the face. - discussed taking frequent breaks while reading, using the computer or phone, or watching tv. - continue warm compresses. - handout given to patient. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio and cup/disc asymmetry, left > right eye [ fhx: maternal grandaunt [ cct: 435,451 [ oct gcc DATE_TIME: full ou [ oct rnfl DATE_TIME: full od, borderline thinning PERSON os [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression od, full os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # DATE_TIME allergic conjunctivitis, both eyes. - antihistamine eyedrops as needed. # conjunctival lesion, right eye, possible concretion rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09084", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "filename": "data_09084.npz", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications.", "age": 76.44, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "?# severe primary open angle glaucoma od > os (moderate) - pachymetry (DATE_TIME); tmax 26/22; no fhx of glaucoma - hvf with PERSON (60/71) with sup and PERSONp slt od DATE_TIME (falkenstein) - tg = low to mid teens ou; borderline DATE_TIME with likely oct progression os ? - continue latanoprost qhs ou - continue cosopt bid ou - recommend slt os - risks, benefits, alternatives of selective laser trabeculoplasty os explained in detail to patient, including but not limited to bleeding, pain, decreased vision, corneal edema, inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, persistent inflammation, or a complication requiring need for another procedure. informed consent obtained. patient expresses understanding and wishes to proceed. - previously discussed filtration surgery with dr. PERSON # pciol ou with pco od > os - to undergo yag cap od by dr. PERSON # h/o l v1 shingles without ocular involvement - follow # mild erm ou with ?angioid streaks ou - follow # dm2 - no npdr or csme on most recent dfe with dr. PERSON and bs control - follow ? social/systemic: dm2 ? plan for slt os as above", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09086", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "filename": "data_09086.npz", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present.", "age": 43.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "43 y.o.female h/o glaucoma suspect, presents for glaucoma screening tests 1. glaucoma suspect ou -iop 16/16 -c/d 0.5/0.6 -(+) family history -oct and hvf on DATE_TIME normal oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye +0.38 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye +0.20 right eye reliability/fixation was poor mean deviation was calculated to be: -+0.2 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: +0.38 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects advised pt to have a complete eye examination, including dilation, on a DATE_TIME basis.", "gpt4_summary": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09089", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09089.jpg", "filename": "data_09089.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops.", "age": 18.69, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "and oct gcc analysis 3. return sooner if any drop in vision or worsening of symptoms this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, LOCATION pgy3 attending: i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09091", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09091.jpg", "filename": "data_09091.npz", "report": "The patient has a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes. No immunizations were administered at the time of the visit. A new patient gateway account is ready for activation.", "age": 63.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "and high glaucoma risk in both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007 you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. \u0007 trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. \u0007 need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you withi.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes. No immunizations were administered at the time of the visit. A new patient gateway account is ready for activation.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09093", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09093.jpg", "filename": "data_09093.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure.", "age": 72.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "per dr. PERSON DATE_TIME: 1. poag ou, moderate stage. - iop better DATE_TIME into low teens (but likely fluctuates) - 547/560 cct, t max 24/22 - hvf fluctuates but appears to be progressing od>os - discussed slt od first to stabilize her iop at a lower level, r/b of the procedure discussed in details, she voiced understanding and wants to proceed. informed consent signed, will schedule na for the procedure. long discussion was done about nature of the disease, visual prgnosis and management options, she voiced understanding, all questions were answered. \u00ff - d/c brimonidine bid ou - continue PERSON ou \u00ff 2. cataract ou -per dr. PERSON. des ou -artificial tears \u00ff 4. subconjuctival heme od - vision stable, no eye pain, no signs of infection or intraocular heme - observe imp: brimonidine allergy with blepharoconjunctivitis ou poag ou cataract ou refr error plan: stop brimonidine cont xalatan rx=m f/u w dr. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09095", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "filename": "data_09095.npz", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated.", "age": 79.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "referred by PERSONfor management of glaucoma had neck surgery (fell downstairs, long hospitalization); pt is at stoneham office usually \u00ff 1. poag ou (= primary open angle glaucoma) - s/p slt #1 os DATE_TIME - tmax DATE_TIME ou, admits to poor compliance x DATE_TIME when going thru cancer treatments, - fhx negative - cct 519,517 (thin ou) - hvf full od, + progression of sa and ia defects noted os-->? secondary to wosening cataract vs progression - note h/o PERSON allergy but taking now without problems; h/o asthma, on advair and inhalers, could not tolerate timolol, but pt barely remembers the specifics of this; says he's on new breathings meds and would be willing to try this in the future if needed; - h/o noncompliance on azopt 2. s/p cataract surgery ou - s/p phaco od DATE_TIME (wants driver's license so wanted phaco od); 1 PERSON, azopt, brimonidine, timolol x 1 after pod#1 iop check - s/p phaco/iol/istent os DATE_TIME, significant posterior pressure from coughing - had steroid response post ce os now resolved \u00ff 3. erm os (= epiretinal membrane, left eye) - affecting bcva -->considering erm peel with PERSON plan: prev patient of PERSON ; seen nz DATE_TIME visual field is worse but rnfl oct stable has not had visual field in DATE_TIME and intraocular pressure was high in the interim , now much better cont xalatan qhs ou; PERSON bid ou; PERSON bid both eyes refraction given mild posterior capsular opacification rtc 4 mths for visual field sita fast and dilation", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09096", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "filename": "data_09096.npz", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion.", "age": 67.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "67yof presents for evaluation. new patient to dr. PERSON DATE_TIME pmh of lung cancer on chemo, cns avm s/p craniotomy follows with PERSON PERSON at ocb as glaucoma suspect. went to joslin recently and was told that she needs laser for narrow angles. 1. glaucoma suspect -follows with ocb for glaucoma suspect with no intervention, however was seen at joslin on DATE_TIME and recommended for unknown laser procedure for glaucoma. here for second opinion. -enlarged c:d ou -tmax 16/15 -iop DATE_TIME 12/13 -hvf DATE_TIME: left superior homonymous LOCATION, longstanding per patient after craniotomy for avm -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: inferior losses ou (per last ocb note, has been stable for years) 2. narrow angle ou -here for second opinion, recommended ?lpi at LOCATION. sister had lpi recently -gonio today with narrow angles temporally and superiorly ou rec: - defer dilation - lpi od 3. corneal verticillata -prior amiodarone use, not currently. not visually signficant 4. left superior homonymous quadrantanopia -seen on hvf DATE_TIME -long standing after craniotomy for avm in DATE_TIME. epiretinal membrane ou -monitor 6. refractive error -mrx provided", "gpt4_summary": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09102", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "filename": "data_09102.npz", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost.", "age": 63.95, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 y.o. new patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 dm, prostate ca here for eye exam. wishes to transfer care here type 2 diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.1 (h) 4.3 - 6.4 % final > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized > DATE_TIME exams glaucoma suspect based on optic disc cupping - tcurrent: 19/20 - tmax: patient does not know - gonioscopy: - central corneal thickness: DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME 84/77 od wnl os borderline thin superiorly - hvf: DATE_TIME od full os unreliable with isolated defects inferiorly - family history: sister has glaucoma - race: aa > followed by dr. PERSON in LOCATION, started on latanoprost >? testing shows no definite signs of glaucoma. he was reportedly started on latanoprost for high iop. continue latanoprost for now. retrieve old records > iop check in DATE_TIME refractive error > updated glasses prescription given DATE_TIME, iop check, gonio, disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09103", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "filename": "data_09103.npz", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery.", "age": 71.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "oral prednisolone in DATE_TIME. he has not had orbital decompression. he was prescribed separate prism glasses for distance and near by his optometrist DATE_TIME. with these glasses, he reports he no longer sees diplopia, but is still experiencing some visual 'confusion'. his central visual acuities were 20/20-2 od and 20/30-2 os, without improvement with pinhole. ishihara testing revealed 7/8 od and full colors os. he exhibited mild limitation of abduction in both eyes. alternate cover testing revealed comitant right hypertropia and esotropia. he continues to have epiphora, lid erythema and edema, and conjunctival injection. PERSON can continue with his habitual glasses and should return to dr. PERSON for continued management of his thyroid eye disease and compressive optic neuropathy and dr. PERSON's recommendations on whether additional treatment with steroids, radiation, or Tepezza would be beneficial. strabismus surgery can be considered as an option in the future, after the patient is no longer in the active phase of ted. impression: 1. thyroid eye disease with compressive optic neuropathy; active phase 2. oblique binocular diplopia 2/2 #1 3. graves' disease 4. PERSON, lid erythema and edema, and conjunctival erythema 2/2 #1 plan: 1. follow-up with dr. PERSON for management of ted/compressive optic neuropathy; discuss further treatment with steroids, radiation, or candidacy for Tepezza 2. can pursue strabismus surgery in the future; follow-up prn dean PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09105", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "filename": "data_09105.npz", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant.", "age": 39.47, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female 1. primary open angle glaucoma -tmax 22 by history -cct thick ou -humphrey visual field (hvf) 5/16 sup alt od, inf arc/sup paracentral os--progression likely compared with DATE_TIME -optic nerve with adv cupping ou -no asthma (had at birth, not anymore , never had an asthma attack ) 2. cataract both eyes -not visually significant plan -diagnosis and treatment options dicussed w pt in detail and all questions answered -brimonidine tid ou, PERSON ou -add travatan ou -f/u 2 PERSON check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09107", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "filename": "data_09107.npz", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity.", "age": 41.67, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON 20 PERSON 02302 dear ms. PERSON: we thank you for choosing Institution for your care and we look forward to welcoming you for your appointment on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON. our neuro-ophthalmology suite is located on the 9th floor of the Institution. we ask patients to allow DATE_TIME for a first appointment. if you have any questions or concerns, please contact our office at PHONE_NUMBER. please be aware that your pupils might need to be dilated for your exam. dilation of your pupils will produce blurred vision for at least 2-3 hours, and it will make your eyes sensitive to light. these effects can make it difficult, or unsafe, to drive a car. as such, it is advisable to attend your appointment with someone who can drive, or at least you should be prepared to remain in the area until you believe your vision has returned to normal. * reminder: if you have had a previous mri of your brain or orbits, please mail out your disc to neuro-ophthalmology. sincerely, naomi francisque administration assistant", "gpt4_summary": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09108", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09108.jpg", "filename": "data_09108.npz", "report": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management.", "age": 72.81, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "looks ess stable refracted for glasses DATE_TIME to optimize vision, able to be refracted to 20/50 left eye subjectively he feels his vision is about the same *selective laser trabeculoplasty for more intraocular pressure control os continue brimonidine bid os continue cosopt bid os last dilated exam: DATE_TIME with retina DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME os only baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic for selective laser trabeculoplasty left eye in LOCATION consents signed in clinic DATE_TIME PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09111", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "filename": "data_09111.npz", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested.", "age": 59.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 18 / 18 central corneal thickness: 544 / 543 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: possible emphysema other medical history and problems: dm2, htn, hld, bipolar disorder, LOCATION, s/p defibrillator, htn, hld, osa assessment/plan: 59 y.o. male # glaucoma suspect, both eyes - reports that dr. PERSON told him that he has preglaucoma - iop acceptable ou - nerves healthy on exam, vf and oct normal DATE_TIME - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - recommend DATE_TIME exam with local optometrist or comprehensive ophthalmologist - happy to have patient return to see me at any time as needed # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09112", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09112.jpg", "filename": "data_09112.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "shadows. - rtc urgently for any of the above signs # history of flap tear os - s/p laser - follow-up with PERSON as scheduled - retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail and they are to return immediately for symptoms including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows. rtc 8-12 oct rnfl, hvf 24-2, dilation ou, refraction ou PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09119", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09119.jpg", "filename": "data_09119.npz", "report": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.", "age": 44.35, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "PERSON; frequency: bid; directions: not available; details: dispense: ml(s); date: DATE_TIME erin PERSON DATE_TIME patient not taking PERSON DATE_TIME 9:02 am received from: partners lmr ergocalciferol, vitamin d2, 2,000 unit tab take 3 tablets by mouth DATE_TIME. vitamin d2 (ergocalciferol) 2000 unit tablet; dose: 50000 units; form: take 25 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); taking; status: active; source: LOCATION,PERSON; date: DATE_TIME your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis obstructive sleep apnea syndrome results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09120", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09120.jpg", "filename": "data_09120.npz", "report": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 71.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "pupils dark light right PERSON 3 2 left LOCATION 3 2 visual fields left right restrictions partial superior temporal, superior nasal deficiencies partial superior temporal, superior nasal deficiencies extraocular movement right left result ortho ortho -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- pain with upgaze ou neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal dilation both eyes: 5.0%/0.5% phenylephrine/tropicamide @ DATE_TIME slit lamp and fundus exam external exam right left external normal normal (skin protoburtance near cheek left) slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes blepharitis, dermatochalasis. rul papilloma laterally blepharitis, dermatochalasis conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea no guttae; no ks no guttae; no ks anterior chamber normal normal iris no pxf; no tid no pxf; no tid lens 2+ nuclear sclerosis 2+ nuclear sclerosis vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc tilted with ppa; inf temporal sloping tilted with ppa; with inf temporal sloping; large heme superior to disc c/d ratio 0.7 0.7 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery confluent cobblestone temporally confluent cobblestone temporally refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis add right +1.25 -0.50 045 +2.75 left LOCATION -0.50 170 +2.75", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09122", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "filename": "data_09122.npz", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months.", "age": 67.74, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# second opinion glaucoma prev seen with PERSON ; dx in DATE_TIME cl wearer ; -5 myopoe having trouble with drops PERSON:adopted / steroids: qvar for asthma/ trauma: none prior surgery: none med intolerance: has tried brim, LOCATION, ltn, timolol, LOCATION, timolol occudose -- had burning with all ; discontinued all drops rhopressa ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 16 ou here off all drops (17 per records) cct: 540 / 540 gonioscopy: cbb, concave config rnfl oct sup/inf defect od, sup defect PERSON defect os>od -- od confirmed worse DATE_TIME patient reports iris color lightening over DATE_TIME ? pds -- no def signs of it on my exam DATE_TIME however , though gonio config is suggestive htn; parathyroid surgery s/p selective laser NRPME s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty left eye DATE_TIME plan: s/p kdb right eye intraocular pressure hasnt changed much right eye is stable left eye visual field and rnfl oct may be a little worse discussed with patient monitor for now since risk of trabeculectomy is likely higher than her very slowly progressive disease she also has cardiomyopathy recommend check bp at DATE_TIME return to clinic 5 mths visual field left eye", "gpt4_summary": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09127", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09127.jpg", "filename": "data_09127.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis.", "age": 79.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "examination, and he also discussed his findings, conclusions and management strategy with the patient'}. any part of this letter that was prepared by the resident or fellow was reviewed and modified as necessary by dr. PERSON to complete the finalized summary.) ? note: greater than half of this {encounter time:19197::'25','40','45','60'} minute visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09131", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09131.jpg", "filename": "data_09131.npz", "report": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present.", "age": 69.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "of fusion 4. macular pucker, os, status post surgery x2 (DATE_TIME) 5. immature cataract, ou recommendations: 1. obtain an updated refraction for progressive glasses and return DATE_TIME after to reassess prisms 2. return to clinic DATE_TIME after obtaining progressive glasses 3. follow up with general ophthalmology as scheduled this note was written with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication or management with PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09133", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09133.jpg", "filename": "data_09133.npz", "report": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes.", "age": 40.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09135", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "filename": "data_09135.npz", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct.", "age": 49.95, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, susp for glaucoma, +fh, but normal hvf and oct again; lower iop; 568 ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses yrly w hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09139", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09139.jpg", "filename": "data_09139.npz", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 74.48, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09145", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "filename": "data_09145.npz", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises.", "age": 42.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "and the patient is orthophoric in all gaze directions in the distance. at near, there is a small angle (4 pd) PERSON. his near point of convergence varied from 10 cm to 8 cm with effort. on dilated fundus evaluation, both optic nerve heads and macula have a normal appearance. i obtained an oct rnfl that shows no rnfl loss. in summary, this patient has symptoms consistent with a post concussive syndrome. his exam shows mild convergence insufficiency but he denies PERSON at near. since he still reports some light sensitivity, i suggested him to try fl41 lenses which have been shown to improve symptoms in post concussive patients. i also advised him to continue convergence exercises and use artificial tears on a regular basis. if his blurry vision persists, i would suggest to obtain a refraction with an optometrist looking more specifically for latent hyperopia. i will see him again in DATE_TIME, before if needed. ? impression: 1. post concussive syndrome -improvement since head trauma (DATE_TIME) -residual symptoms (as per notes) 2. convergence insufficiency -mild; likely secondary to #1 -no diplopia at near 3. light sensitivity -secondary to #1. 4. seizure x 1 -followed by neurology -normal mri brain and eeg 3. add ? recommendations: 1. fl41 lenses 2. at prn 3. updated refraction with optometrist - rule out latent hyperopia. 4. follow up in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09146", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "filename": "data_09146.npz", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus.", "age": 63.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "63 PERSON with history of myomectomy, l knee arthroplasty DATE_TIME, depression np DATE_TIME, previously followed dr. PERSON, then dr. PERSON. fhx glaucoma, reports hvf normal with dr. PERSON in past (but thinks dif type of machine?) ta 15/16. cct 580/547 (thick/ave). PERSON (paternal gmother and aunt) 1st hvf here DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od: superior arcuate, ?early ins. os: superior arcuate with possible rim artifact DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od: inferior and superior thinning, borderline nasal thinning. os: inferior thinning. oct DATE_TIME: od borderline signal, is thinning. os inferior thinning. dfe w/ healthy neuroretinal rim, no evidence of focal thinning. PERSON likely limited 2/2 myopia >> will repeat hvf in DATE_TIME given losses c/w glaucomatous loss \u00ff 2. PERSON (dr. PERSON) -stable, rd precautions \u00ff 3. mild cataracts ou with small psc ou -asx, will continue to monitor \u00ff 4. refractive error - toric PERSON wearer -updated rx with dr. PERSON 5. small choroidal nevus os 6. PERSON >> likely dysfunction of blink with tear hygiene, but will attempt p/i on f/u \u00ff h nguyen pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09147", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "filename": "data_09147.npz", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 56.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME nasal obstruction non-seasonal allergic rhinitis due to fungal spores syncope colitis, indeterminate diverticulitis PERSON syndrome gastroesophageal reflux disease diabetes mellitus obesity cyst and pseudocyst of pancreas classic ige mediated food allergy complication of procedure: spt scallop (DATE_TIME) spt oyster (DATE_TIME) spt clam (DATE_TIME) spt crab (DATE_TIME) spt lobster (DATE_TIME) hyperlipidemia asthma facial swelling hypertension chronic non-seasonal allergic rhinitis morbid obesity due to excess calories results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09149", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09149.jpg", "filename": "data_09149.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes.", "age": 28.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON, md, PERSONn LOCATION PHONE DATE_TIME DATE_TIME a sola-LOCATION, PERSON Institution PHONE DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, md, PERSONtitution oph trauma main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09156", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "filename": "data_09156.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis.", "age": 76.71, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "fellow assessment and plan: 1. chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma odos oct rnfl DATE_TIME: stable oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: stable, os maybe worse hvf DATE_TIME: od sad, PERSON hvf DATE_TIME: od sup arcuate, os inferior arcuate latanoprost qhs not effective timolol did not lower pressure suspect brimonidine adverse events instructed importance of taking medications to prevent blindness \u00ff rec: - cont cosopt bid ou - refer to glaucoma for consideration for slt \u00ff 4. posterior vitreous detachment ou retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows \u00ff 5. cataract ou not visually significant, monitor \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09176", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09176.jpg", "filename": "data_09176.npz", "report": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly.", "age": 59.3, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cvs/pharmacy telephone: PHONE_NUMBER fax: PHONE_NUMBER hours: e-prescribed (1 of 1) latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 2.5 ml refills: 11 your orders normal orders this visit PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09180", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "filename": "data_09180.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal.", "age": 78.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for this patient's glaucoma, and finalizing the visit for this patient. below you will find my full exam findings. if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following NRP along with you. sincerely, PERSON, PERSON no recipients base eye exam visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist sc 20/60 +1 20/40 -1 dist ph sc PHONE_NUMBER correction: glasses tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 9.9 11.7 tonometry #2 (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 8 10 gonioscopy right left temporal cbb cbb nasal cbb cbb superior cbb cbb inferior cbb cbb pupils pupils dark light PERSON right PERSON 4 3 none left LOCATION 4 3 none visual fields (counting fingers) left right full full extraocular movement right left full, ortho full, ortho neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal slit lamp and fundus exam slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera 1+ injection 1+ injection cornea verticillata verticillata anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens normal normal vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc thin rim thin rim c/d ratio 0.9 0.9 macula normal normal", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09181", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09181.jpg", "filename": "data_09181.npz", "report": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present.", "age": 67.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "24-2. strategy: sita - fast. reliability: poor. mean deviation: -5.17 db db. pattern standard deviation: 2.89 db db. change: stable. foveal threshold: reduced. findings: non-specific defects. oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; gcc, rnfl right eye good. 78. stable. abnormal superior. diffuse thinning. left eye 69. stable. abnormal superior. diffuse thinning. impression and recommendations: in summary, ms. PERSON's examination again reveals a largely stable bilateral optic neuropathy relative to her examination with dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME. the etiology of her optic neuropathy remains somewhat unclear, particularly in the absence of abrupt vision loss suggestive of an inflammatory or ischemic process, progression compatible with an infiltrative or compressive etiology, or probable toxic exposures or nutritional deficiencies (again noting that the relatively few cases of tacrolimus-associated optic neuropathy reported in the literature have generally involved relatively rapid or severe vision loss). her prior vascular imaging and fundus examination are also not suggestive of ocular ischemic syndrome despite her episodes of transient vision loss. regardless, the stability of her examination and oct over this period provide some reassurance against an ongoing process, and so we discussed continued observation for further vision changes with routine eye examinations. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up as needed for new or worsening symptoms, although she understood to contact me with any additional questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09186", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "filename": "data_09186.npz", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost.", "age": 51.17, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, nz patient diagnosis: juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma both eyes target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 18 ( ) central corneal thickness: 580 / 545 corneal hysteresis: 9.3 / 9.4 * gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: early inferior nasal visual fields on initial visit left eye: diffuse loss medications being used at first visit: brimonidine latanoprost medication intolerances: none known glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: cataract other eye problems left eye: had superglue injury to left eye, cataract family history: mother as an adult steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: hyperlipidemia initial note: juvenile onset open angle glaucoma with low intraocular pressure and target around 13, central corneal thickness does have intraocular pressure in midteens at times, mostly stable dry eyes plan: # juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma, both eyes - intraocular pressure too high right eye, at target left eye, though visual field stable both eyes - add dorzolamide 2 times per day right eye - continue brimonidine twice a day both eyes, latanoprost once nightly both eyes - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, optical coherence tomography both eyes # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09187", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "filename": "data_09187.npz", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 37.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "allergies/itching. recommend warm compress and lid hygiene/scrubs qd to bid ou. recommend artificial tears/rewetting drops as needed for ocular comfort. retinal detachment precautions reviewed. followup in DATE_TIME for iop check. rtc sooner as needed.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09190", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "filename": "data_09190.npz", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription.", "age": 75.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "75 y.o. with a. fib, cva, migraines, vertigo, ptsd, htn here with focusing issues. having a sensation behind the eye that feels like he cannot focus well. intermittent transient blurring of vision - reassuring exam and testing > try treating with artificial tears > warm compresses combined cataract ou - not visually significant > observe refractive error > updated glasses prescription given follow up DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09192", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "filename": "data_09192.npz", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned.", "age": 41.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending's assessment: 1. primary open-angle, mild stage, both eyes versus glaucoma suspect, low risk, both eyes family history of glaucoma: mother, 3 maternal aunts, maternal grandmother no history of asthma, trauma or kidney disease. +reports history of NRP steroids during allergy injections while in college, only used for DATE_TIME at a time. central corneal thickness (cct - DATE_TIME): 550/562 tmax (maximum intraocular pressure recorded: 16/14 iop (DATE_TIME): 15/15 mmhg iop (DATE_TIME): 14/12 mmhg iop (DATE_TIME): 12/12 mmhg gonioscopy (DATE_TIME): od: open os: open allergies to glaucoma medications: none known prior intraocular surgeries: none prior history of lasers: none last hvf (DATE_TIME): od: stable and full os: stable and full last oct rnfl (DATE_TIME): od: average thickness 86 microns, stable with superior thinning os: average thickness 84 microns, stable DATE_TIME gcc (DATE_TIME): od: baseline os: baseline baseline optic disc photos: DATE_TIME 2. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 3. incipient cataracts, both eyes -not visually significant as of DATE_TIME. 4. social/systemic issues: rn in k-8 school in LOCATION. prior patient of dr. hoguet's. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 21 mmhg, right eye -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 21 mmhg, left eye -iop at goal ou on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09199", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "filename": "data_09199.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal.", "age": 26.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: h/o hyphema od due to exercise band to DATE_TIME angle recession od with >180 degrees recession on gonioscopy - last hvf and DATE_TIME normal, previously followed by dr. PERSON then PERSON, DATE_TIME --today normal hvf ou; oct of rnfl unremarkable (borderline sup rnfl PERSON); cct 559/578 floaters od --rd s&s disc plan: yrly with repeat hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09201", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "filename": "data_09201.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts.", "age": 53.62, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 / 21 central corneal thickness: 531 / 545 gonioscopy: c35f, 1+ ptm ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: grossly full, mild inferior depression, does not correspond to oct/nerve visual fields, left eye: grossly full, mild superior depression, does not correspond to oct/nerve family history: mother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn assessment/plan: 53 y.o. female # questionable ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - dr. PERSON started PERSONE - oct without thinning, earlier elevated iop may have been spurious due to squeezing with tonopen, was listed as 27/23 prior to applanation DATE_TIME during same visit - iop acceptable ou after stopping latanoprost qhs ou - continue to monitor without resuming treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09203", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "filename": "data_09203.npz", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 74.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "medications. her angle in the right eye also is more narrow due to the cataract. we discussed that we will add rhopressa qhs od for now and we should proceed with LOCATION/PERSON given her pressure is inadequately controlled. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop persistently above goal od despite addition of rhopressa and cataract that has grown od leading to narrow angle od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, PERSON (with coaching), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. we may consider yag capsulotomy os in future if mrx isn't 20/30 or better. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09204", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09204.jpg", "filename": "data_09204.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "age": 79.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09206", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09206.jpg", "filename": "data_09206.npz", "report": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 29.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "showed no enhancing lesions. the left vestibular function is likely related to dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei, and she has some chronic flair lesions in the left lateral medulla. her oscillopsia with movement is related to unilateral vestibular loss and failure to appropriately compensate. it therefore differs from oscillopsia from pendular nystagmus and is less amenable to medical treatment. we discussed there is a possibility that her brain could begin to compensate over time or that the unilateral vestibular loss could improve as myelination recovers. recommendations: 1. see local optometrist for refraction, possibly eye glasses ?2. return in DATE_TIME to see me for visual field, oct on DATE_TIME i spent a total of DATE_TIME reviewing the electronic medical record, taking an updated history, performing a physical exam, reviewing mri brain from DATE_TIME, interpreting the oct and visual field testing, discussing the findings and treatment plan with ms. PERSON, and documenting the clinical encounter. PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09207", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "filename": "data_09207.npz", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication.", "age": 55.87, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "55 yo attorney with history of hyperlipidemia, depression, adhd, benign familial tremor, PERSON with me DATE_TIME. s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME of dense brunescent cataract. +hx LOCATION, 2+ifis/lidrs. +very deep brow ls is only composite declined toric due to expense. has very dry surface >> treated with at and aware des will impact final va >> DATE_TIME: collagen plug (eagle 0.3) placed LOCATION, continue pfat. change to name-brand pf qid taper. no ilevro (never started). refresh pm at least qhs, more if possible >> DATE_TIME: updated mrx DATE_TIME. cortical cataract os -mild progression since DATE_TIME, now in axis 3. s/p ppv od DATE_TIME for mac-off rd extending from DATE_TIME, tear DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON, LOCATION) 4. PERSONME for subclinical rd os with single break 5. pigment dispersion syndrome ou tmax 18/21. cct 561/590 (ave/thick). PERSON (maternal gmo) hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, inferior arcuate. os full hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os subthreshold losses inferiorly, no progression hvf with inferior losses in past, full DATE_TIME for 2nd test in row DATE_TIME: od superior thinning, os grossly full DATE_TIME: od missing data. os superior thinning, different machine but appears worse c/w normative database DATE_TIME oct DATE_TIME: ou wnl (but decr signal PERSON) PERSON ou 10/06 >> DATE_TIME: has had monitoring q6 DATE_TIME while in LOCATION, no LOCATION, last hvf approx DATE_TIME, reports iop have not been elevated. >> will start ocular anti-htn. has pds, depression. will try PERSON ou bid, check iop, gonio, repeat testing 6. history of ctl overwear no contacts since DATE_TIME. resolved micropannus ou. wants to return to ctl as of DATE_TIME -more recently wearing toric ctl until DATE_TIME (didn't want expense, vision was declining) 7. pvd ou 8. hx erm ou -noted at least in DATE_TIME os, poor view od pre-op DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: erm od > os but with preserved foveal contour ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09212", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "filename": "data_09212.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted.", "age": 72.46, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "may DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON joslin place LOCATION ma 02215 patient: PERSON mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: thank you for referring PERSON to me for evaluation. below are the relevant portions of my note. if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON along with you. sincerely, PERSONon, PERSON no recipients visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist cc PHONE_NUMBER dist ph cc PHONE_NUMBER correction: glasses tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 26 23 tonometry #2 (after dil, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 35 25 main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber slightly shallow slightly shallow iris normal normal lens 1+ nuclear sclerosis 1+ nuclear sclerosis vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc rim intact, small on rim intact, small on c/d ratio 0.4 0.4 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery nl, dfe 5/16 nl, dfe 5/16 attending's assessment and plan: - ocular hypertension ou, angles slightly narrow w iop inc after dil ou. PERSON. PERSON. medication intolerance: none central corneal thickness: 509/ 519 goal PERSON around 20, os around 20 plan: c/w xal ou qhs. - drop of LOCATION given ou in the office - may need lpi in the future vs ce given iop elev after dil. - add timolol ou qam - cataracts, nvs plan: per dr. sharuk - systemic / social issues: no dm. y - rtc in 2 mo for iop ou and oct ou.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09213", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "filename": "data_09213.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction.", "age": 66.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSONn DATE_TIME diagnosis: chronic angle closure glaucoma. s/p laser peripheral iridotomy DATE_TIME both eyes. on 2 drops with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range both eyes. target iop: / , tmax: 25 (outside records) / 30 (outside records) central corneal thickness: 597 / 581 gonioscopy: appositionally closed, peripheral anterior synechiae both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: average retinal nerve fiber layer 87um optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: average retinal nerve fiber layer 95 um visual fields on initial visit right eye: non-specific defects, borderline reliability visual fields on initial visit left eye: non-specific defects, borderline reliability medication history and intolerances at first visit: on latanoprost and timolol (ran out of timolol so not currently using) glaucoma procedures right eye: laser peripheral iridotomy DATE_TIME glaucoma procedures left eye: laser peripheral iridotomy DATE_TIME other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: cataract other eye problems left eye: cataract family history: no steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: arthritis plan: initial note: PERSON both eyes intraocular pressure 20 right eye and 21 left eye on latanoprost (ran out of timolol DATE_TIME) optical coherence tomography within normal limits both eyes, humphrey visual field with borderline reliability and non-specific defects gonioscopy shows peripheral anterior synechiae and occludible angles, pi patent in both eyes recommend cataract extraction/iol both eyes continue latanoprost both eyes. also refilled timolol given borderline intraocular pressure DATE_TIME and history of intraocular pressure 20-24 range at outside provider on both drops", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09215", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "filename": "data_09215.npz", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc.", "age": 83.87, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dorzolamide-timolol (cosopt) 22.3-6.8 mg/ml ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into the left eye 2 (two) times a day. furosemide (lasix) 20 mg tablet take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into the left eye every evening. PERSON succinate (toprol-xl) 25 mg 24 hr tablet take 1 tablet (25 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. multivitamin per tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON, md, phd DATE_TIME PERSON pegwar DATE_TIME 4:12 am metal med transfer process pimavanserin (nuplazid) 17 mg tablet take 2 tablets (34 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. facility administered medications metoprolol succinate (toprol-xl) er tablet 25 mg take 0.5 tablets (25 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON echo 3 (cupid) PERSON cardiac us DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSONtitution cardiology division DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON y hung, md, LOCATION; Institution neuro room 25 Institution department of neurology DATE_TIME 8:10 am PERSON, PERSONtitution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER condition list as of DATE_TIME parkinson's disease arteriosclerotic heart disease glaucoma hypertensive disorder dysphagia aortic valve disorder hyperlipidemia edema of lower extremity carotid atherosclerosis perforated corneal ulcer post-operative state results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09216", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "filename": "data_09216.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error.", "age": 65.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, susp for glaucoma fhx+ paternal grandmother iop DATE_TIME cct 580/582 hvf full ou oct reassurring with borderline nasal thinning od only. observe off treatment f/u DATE_TIME iop check nuclear sclerosis ou pvd (floater) ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09221", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "filename": "data_09221.npz", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended.", "age": 51.67, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "51 y.o. est patient with dm, hypothyroidism # type 2 diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized > yearly exams # optic disc cupping os> od - + family hx, father and PERSON 22 ou - photos - cct DATE_TIME DATE_TIME 100/94 wnl both eyes DATE_TIME 98/95 wnl both eyes - hvf DATE_TIME full both eyes DATE_TIME nonspecific defects > observe, no indication for intervention at this time. repeat testing in a year # refractive error > updated glasses prescription given for reading last visit, no significant change stable exam fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09224", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09224.jpg", "filename": "data_09224.npz", "report": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes.", "age": 74.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "latanoprost qhs ou, rhopressa qhs os, diamox 125 mg PERSON, cosopt bid os, brimonidine bid os, and s/p phaco/ecp/kdb od. -start latanoprost qhs ou (from qhs os only). -continue rhopressa qhs os only. -continue diamox 125 mg po qhs for sleep apnea (not for glaucoma). -continue cosopt bid os. -start brimonidine bid os. -hold brimonidine bid od. -hold PERSON. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -follow-up with dr. PERSON-gerogiannis for general eye care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given visually-significant cataract od and need for 6 agents for iop control, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf (with coaching), dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. consider ecp/kdb os in the future if good result persists od => aiming to book surgery os before he goes away at DATE_TIME. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. fellow a/p repeat automated perimetry confirmed change od, stable os retinal nerve fiber layer/gcc stable intraocular pressure too high right eye, too high left eye recommend continue latanoprost 1/1, rhopressa 0/1, change dorzolamide/timolol 2/2, brimonidine 2/2 return to clinic intraocular pressure check in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09227", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "filename": "data_09227.npz", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check.", "age": 35.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "35 y.o. male h/o pots and small fiber neuropathy 1. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio ou, PERSON (DATE_TIME on flonase) likely steroid responder hvf full oct wnl and stable ou dp stable pt stopped flonase DATE_TIME, iop now controlled ou observe 2. migraine with visual aura first episode: DATE_TIME two episodes in DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: tunnel vision (DATE_TIME) followed by headache afterwards resolved with asa left sided numbness, stumbling (neurologic sx lasted < DATE_TIME and resolved)\u00ff DATE_TIME: episode of central blind spot in vision with zigzag rainbow oil/water mixture around edge lasted DATE_TIME and resolved + headache followed (and headache continues), no other neurologic sx. now bothered by migraines and brain zap sx, seeing neurologist, tried topamax but stopped due to increase in has 3. floaters ou, PERSON, chronic, no tob dust/retinal tears/rd rd warnings 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 5. c/o night vision trouble can't drive well at DATE_TIME can't see other things that other people can retina eval color wnl ou 6 mo check mrx, iop (by md)", "gpt4_summary": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09229", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "filename": "data_09229.npz", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant.", "age": 75.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 LOCATION wf, referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma eval h/o disc heme os on retinal exam 1. primary open angle glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc asymmetry od refer to retina for eval pinguecula ou - artificial tears - sunglasses when outdoors refractive error > updated glasses prescription given", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09238", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "filename": "data_09238.npz", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina.", "age": 73.01, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "imp: cataract ou pvd ou cupping ou, susp for glaucoma, but PERSON; no hx iop elev; stable oct with focal borderline rnfl thinning od; nl rnfl os; unrel hvf ou (falling asleep) refr error plan: rx=m yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09241", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "filename": "data_09241.npz", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50.", "age": 63.87, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 y.o. male 1. poag(s) based on inc c:d ratio ou no h/o elevated iop has been checked with testing in the past, never treated fhx negative hvf full ou oct wnl ou cct thick ou (605, 611) iop controlled ou plan: observe discussed risk of glaucoma and need for DATE_TIME testing 2. mild cataract is present ou that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. re - mrx given or may use otc readers +2.50 DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09242", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "filename": "data_09242.npz", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye.", "age": 32.77, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dm ii hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 5.6 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. pituitary adenoma hvf 24-2 full and reliable ou 30-2 to be done next visit anterior stromal scar od unclear origin pingueculae ou nasally and temporally ou encouraged ats prn glaucoma suspect PERSON, onh and PERSON, tcorr +4/+4 seasonal allergy allergy and dry eye handout given and explained. recommend pataday for allergy season. at's prn. no heat, no rubbing during allergy season. PERSON shows minimal myopic, but takes no refraction excellent vision ou follow up with me in DATE_TIME for routine exam by signing my name below, i, PERSON, md, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09245", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09245.jpg", "filename": "data_09245.npz", "report": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma.", "age": 59.79, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "59 yo man director of special education for nh state prisons with history of bcc r temple DATE_TIME arthritis, irritable bowel, sinus issues new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, here for 2nd opinion on ocular htn. reports he's always had elevated iop around 26-28, but most recently 28-30 mmhg and discussed starting PERSON 1. glaucoma suspect od>os ta 30/29 DATE_TIME. cct DATE_TIME 575/563 (thick/ave). PERSON (father, also may have had amd, deceased) gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: od is thinning. os superior and borderline it thinning >> discussed findings, 14% ohts risk over DATE_TIME. given fhx, c/d and iop will start txe ou qam and check iop in DATE_TIME would like to continue care here onh photos on f/u with NRP and iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09247", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "filename": "data_09247.npz", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n", "age": 85.96, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "stable DATE_TIME: od inferior thinning, stable. PERSON (tr thinner) 1st DATE_TIME: od inferior thinning, os normal 1st oct DATE_TIME: od inferior thinning. PERSON st thinning \u00ff >> iop stable DATE_TIME, but 2nd reliable hvf showing reproducible superior paracentral depression c/w inferior onh thinning od >> started latanoprost ou qhs but stopped after DATE_TIME on his own DATE_TIME: resumed latanoprost, f/u check iop DATE_TIME and hvf DATE_TIME: overall stable but given hvf changes os with iop sl higher os than od, restart latanoprost qhs ou for now (pt didn't call for refill DATE_TIME, again reminded to refill) DATE_TIME: lost to f/u until now. ran out of PERSON and stopped latanoprost at least 6 months now. hvf od stable, os sl denser but more compact central depression (likely due to dry amd os>od as oct stable ou). resume latanoprost DATE_TIME: testing stable, continue latanoprost \u00ff 5. pterygium ou -asymptomatic, monitor \u00ff 6. pvd ou -rd precautions reviewed \u00ff 7. rpe changes os>>od - oct obtained DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: rpe irregularity ou >> counseled re healthy lifestyle. non-smoker \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09250", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "filename": "data_09250.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery.", "age": 57.68, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: PERSON (pain), avoiding pgas given concern for herpetic infection, avoiding dorzolamide due to corneal edema target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 25 / 13 central corneal thickness: 599 / 532 gonioscopy: od: heavy pas inferiorly and nasally, c30f 2+ superiorly/temporally; os: c30f 2+ retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: full retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: full visual fields, right eye: generalized depression, nonspecific defects visual fields, left eye: full, nonspecific defects family history: father, brother requiring surgery steroids: topical right eye trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidsm, migraine, osa assessment/plan: 57 y.o. female # primary angle closure, right eye - etiology of very asymmetric pas and corneal edema unclear, possible ice syndrome spectrum? - iop borderline od and acceptable os on brimonidine bid od - continue brimonidine bid os; could potentially add betaxolol bid od in future if necessary - ok to proceed with phaco/dmek od from glaucoma standpoint, would maybe benefit from slight goniosynechialysis at that time - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos # corneal edema, right eye - on acyclovir 400mg bid maintenance, prednisolone bid od, PERSON had kontur lens 8.6/16 placed DATE_TIME for pain, on moxifloxacin bid od - dr. jurkunas planning for phaco/dmek od # cataract, both eyes - approaching visual significance faith LOCATION, PERSON saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09252", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "filename": "data_09252.npz", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled.", "age": 79.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "78 yo with dm, hypertension seen by dr. PERSON previously \u00ff\u00ff s/p complex phaco/pciol with trypan od , aim -0.25 DATE_TIME temporal wound, shallow chamber, stop and chop, no complications - doing well > updated glasses rx given (polycarbonate), encouraged to wear full time given monocular status \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff no light perception vision os: longstanding per patient, DATE_TIME; suspect prior episode of acute angle closure os with attempted surgical repair; patent pi for narrow angle od; no posterior view os. PERSON done 6/13: PERSON -follow, no pain \u00ff\u00ff allergic conjunctivitis: mild -patanol bid ou -warm compresses bid -artificial tears prn \u00ff\u00ff refractive: rx given \u00ff\u00ff ocular hypertension: iop ok DATE_TIME - cct 498/480 - hvf od borderline reliable, paracentral scotoma, scattered defects - oct od inf thinning, PERSON > observe for now, repeat hvf/ oct in 6 months\u00ff fu DATE_TIME, iop check, glaucoma testing, hvf, oct (od only)", "gpt4_summary": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09254", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "filename": "data_09254.npz", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error.", "age": 68.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou; not glaucomatous by hvf and oct now; thick cct mild cataract ou refr error plan: rx=m prn yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09255", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "filename": "data_09255.npz", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan.", "age": 29.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "29 y.o. m prev. followed by PERSON, then dr. song 1. pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma ou s/p slt os DATE_TIME cct 580/570; tm 40 mmhg ou; superimposed upon congenitally anomalous ons - h/o alphagan allergy - s/p slt os (DATE_TIME) - oct-rnfl (88/87) with early nasal thinning os; remains stable - hvf full ou; stable - iop remains higher than previous baseline of mid teens ou; but no change on oct or hvf - tg <= 21 ou reasonable; above goal DATE_TIME ou despite compliance 2. history of mild papillary conjunctivitis ou - improved since stopping alphagan and using PERSON pf cosopt as above social/systemic: soft cl wearer (occasionally) plan continue cosopt pf bid ou DATE_TIME iop check t/c latanoprost or LOCATION if iop still high", "gpt4_summary": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09256", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "filename": "data_09256.npz", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests.", "age": 55.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: disc asymmetry and borderline pressures (19,22 DATE_TIME), as before normal/stable hvf ou; stable oct; angles open by gonio refr error plan: rx=m glasses as iop is up slightly DATE_TIME, rv in DATE_TIME for iop check and repeat hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09258", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "filename": "data_09258.npz", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed.", "age": 64.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "attending's assessment and plan: 64 y.o. male - angle recession glaucoma od, s/p blunt trauma od in DATE_TIME. on appears myopic od. PERSON, low 20s os. PERSON (sister has PERSON). medication intolerance: none. pt had asthma during exercise. central corneal thickness: 582/ 573 glaucoma suspect os based on on appearance. vf loss os in DATE_TIME 2/2 cryo scars goal PERSON, os around 20 plan: start timolol od bid - pt to monitor asthma symptoms - pseudophakia od 2005 s/p yag capsulotomy, early cataract os - hx of blunt trauma od, s/p sb for retinal detachment od in DATE_TIME and PERSON graft for exposed buckle s/p cryo os for retinal tears plan: per dr. PERSON \u00ff - epiretinal membrane ou - niddm, no retinopathy ou - hx of high myopia od - systemic / social: PERSON in DATE_TIME for iop and DATE_TIME. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09261", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09261.jpg", "filename": "data_09261.npz", "report": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details.", "age": 69.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 69 y.o. white, hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Partners Patient Gateway account, please sign in with your username and password. \u0007 You must log into your Partners Patient Gateway Account within 30 days or Activation code will expire. \u0007 Trouble logging in? Use Support Link found on the top right side of the Login Page. \u0007 Need help? Partners Patient Gateway Support Team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within 3 business day. To reach the Partners Patient Gateway Support Team, email patientgateway@partners.org or call 800-745-9683. Calls or messages are answered Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., EST - and will make every effort to contact you within 3 business days.", "gpt4_summary": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09264", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "filename": "data_09264.npz", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set.", "age": 74.55, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. Refractive: No change -keep old glasses 2. Cataract OS: stable, doing well at home - monitor for now 3. Epiretinal membrane OD: moderate, stable, but acuity may also be limited by hx of old retinal detachment and repair -f/u with PERSON today 5. s/p phaco OD: Stable 6. s/p retinal detachment repair OD: retina attached - retinal detachment precautions -f/u with LY today 7. RF-negative RA: stable; no eye disease 8. Glaucoma suspect (incr cup/disc OS>OD): intraocular pressure OK again today, max pressure 18/21; humphrey visual fields are stable and not worrisome for glaucoma (but see below). The Optical coherence tomography is stable. -follow without meds for now -ok to stop testing for now as has been stable x many years DFE: 9/20 VF: 9/20 OCT: 9/20 Gonio: 2/13 Tmax: 18, 21 CCT: 596, 582 FHx: no 9) Left hemianopia: Pt says this developing right after her bypass surgery last year and has not changed. She has no other neurologic complaints. Has not been worked up in the past. -has appointment with neurology", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09269", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "filename": "data_09269.npz", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 45.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patent with als diagnosed in DATE_TIME is here for a follow up as per als research study. his symptoms started in DATE_TIME with right lower extremity weakness. he has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with right foot drop (surgery in DATE_TIME). his neuro-ophthalmic evaluation is overall unchanged, notable only for small anterior cortical opacities on on both sides. he has normal afferent and efferent visual function. no red desaturation. hvf, disc/fundus photos, cirrus sd-oct gcc, and macula oct were obtained DATE_TIME per study protocol. i will see him again per study protocol. this patent with als diagnosed in DATE_TIME is here for a follow up as per als research study. his symptoms started in DATE_TIME with right lower extremity weakness. he has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with right foot drop (surgery in DATE_TIME). his neuro-ophthalmic evaluation is overall unchanged, notable only for small anterior cortical opacities on on both sides. he has normal afferent and efferent visual function. we did not need to obtain a visual field or DATE_TIME. i will see him again per study protocol. impression: 1. als plan: 1. follow up per study schedule 1. follow up per study schedule this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology resident (pgy3). i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09274", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "filename": "data_09274.npz", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed.", "age": 61.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "61 y.o. male 1. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged. 2. mild cataract is present ou that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. glaucoma suspect based on inc c:d ratio fhx positive - father and mgm with glaucoma and ? pgf hvf full oct wnl dp stable iop controlled observe 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 5. posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. f/u 1 yr, mrx, iop, hvf, dilate, oct/dp", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09275", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09275.jpg", "filename": "data_09275.npz", "report": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue.", "age": 63.47, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "mmhg, left eye -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications and s/p lpi ou x2. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf 24-2 size v, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if hvf size v doesn't show deficits, disc photos, and iop stable, then we'll extend to DATE_TIME again with size v fields going forward. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09276", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "filename": "data_09276.npz", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "age": 70.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "70 yo male: 1. Refractive error: -new Rx for glasses given 2. Ocular hypertension OU: pressure ok today; has not had testing for some time - last seen here three years ago. VF: 1/16 HVF 7/23/2020: non-specific defects OCT: 1/16 OCT RNFL 7/23/2020: OD: normal/ OS: sup thinning Gonio: Tmax: 26, 27 CCT: 561, 553 FHx: yes - cont Timolol BID OU - add Dorzolamide BID OS - IOP check in 2-3 months 3. Early cataract OU: not visually significant, doing well -Monitor 4. Recurrent erosion: Doing well now without flare-ups Using artificial tears during the day (could not tolerate refresh PM- too thick) -follow", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09277", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "filename": "data_09277.npz", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned.", "age": 40.18, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "? oag ou PERSON is +4 ou. iop is high- oct onh nfl is PERSON ou. reports pain ou. he will ask his family about family hx--none that he knows of. hvf wnl ou. superior kc ou see pentacam-astigmatism 2.7 d od 5.3 d os. no rubbing. needs cornea eval.. recommend conservative management. possible rigid cl fitting. PERSON ou nasal > temporal. recommend PERSON, sunglasses and using heat in the car on the floor. seasonal allergies ou no rubbing !!! allergy handout given. has an appointment with PERSON PERSON. f/u with glaucoma specialists in DATE_TIME. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, md. DATE_TIME 9:07 am by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09279", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "filename": "data_09279.npz", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration.", "age": 95.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by drs. PERSON, pasquale, rao, LOCATION, rhee, PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 / 18 central corneal thickness: 520 / 520 cornea hysteresis: 10.8 / 10.3 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: borderline superior thinning visual fields, right eye: inferior > superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: inferior > superior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm, htn assessment/plan: 95 y.o. female # normal tension glaucoma, indeterminate stage, both eyes - long history at Institution, changes in drops from timolol to latanoprost to PERSON back to latanoprost then monitoring off medications, resumed latanoprost qhs ou DATE_TIME - mri brain DATE_TIME without mass lesion - vf's have fluctuated, severity does not quite correspond with exam/oct - iop acceptable ou, oct stable, vf fluctuating, may be worse but having increasing difficulty with testing reliability given age - continue on latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME iop check # right nasolacrimal duct obstruction - symptomatic tearing and occasional epiphora - referral to oculoplastics # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, both eyes - amsler grid # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME - monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09281", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "filename": "data_09281.npz", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "age": 51.57, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: non-glaucomatous cupping ou; normal hvf and DATE_TIME; no iop elevation trace nuclear sclerosis ou hx dry ou refr error plan: rx=m art tears prn yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09283", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "filename": "data_09283.npz", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant.", "age": 52.67, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 17 / 18 central corneal thickness: 565 / 536 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: cad s/p pci, on LOCATION, htn, hld, osa assessment/plan: 52 y.o. male government contract agent # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - large nerve head, suspect physiologic cupping - iop acceptable ou, testing reassuring - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # eyelash buried under conjunctiva, left eye - small snip incision made with vannas scissors, lash removed with jewelers at slit lamp DATE_TIME - moxifloxacin qid os x DATE_TIME # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09285", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "filename": "data_09285.npz", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation.", "age": 70.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIME. female 1. poag(s) based on inc c:d ratio, od>os has been followed by optom with regular hvfs in the past fhx negative tmax unknown hvf full ou oct wnl ou dp stable iop controlled ou observe 2. s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME, aimed myopic s/p yag cap os DATE_TIME doing well DATE_TIME/o erm, s/p ppv/mp DATE_TIME os dr. PERSON doing well 4. mild cataract is present od that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 5. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, dilate, oct and dp PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON at DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09286", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "filename": "data_09286.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted.", "age": 77.39, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME URLle presents for glaucoma tests 1. glaucoma suspect -black, DATE_TIME -no family history -iop 12/12 (DATE_TIME) 12/12 (DATE_TIME) 12/12 (DATE_TIME, with thin rim oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye superior was borderline. the other was normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye NRP hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye +1.56 right eye reliability/fixation was poor mean deviation was calculated to be: PERSON db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: PERSON db. interpretation of the testing revealed: inferior defect refer to glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09288", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "filename": "data_09288.npz", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored.", "age": 50.88, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# glaucoma suspect, low risk, ou: - no known family hx of glaucoma - no known h/o high iop, gonio open - rnfl oct and hvf wnl ou DATE_TIME - diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. - recommend monitoring # cataract ou nvs - not vis sig monitor f/u DATE_TIME hvf/oct/dfe, sooner prn\u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09289", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09289.jpg", "filename": "data_09289.npz", "report": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma.", "age": 62.47, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "reviewed return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, optical coherence tomography and dilation advised that siblings and first degree relatives be examined for glaucoma PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, 6:18 am) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09290", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "filename": "data_09290.npz", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis.", "age": 63.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "debra l sybertz is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient previously a patient of first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME # open angle glaucoma suspect low risk od, low risk os s/PERSON narrow angles - occludable ou on gonio DATE_TIME - s/p lpi ou with open angle and iop ok on no meds risk factors: central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: tmax: ( ) / ( ) target iop: / refractive error wrx: PERSON. -0.25. 158 / os +1.50. -0.50. 115 glaucoma procedures/lasers: s/PERSON ou other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: none negative sulfa allergy testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: full ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: within normal limits ou # combined senile cataract - may becoming visually significant - monitor for now # dermatochalasis ul ou - pt noting vis sig at DATE_TIME, following up with evaluation at pro optical plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 14 14 tonometry #2 (app by LOCATION dilation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure DATE_TIME , acceptable od, acceptable os pt is new to me, here for dfe, hvf 24-2, and oct. . imaging full and within normal limits. dfe normal. continue to monitor off meds last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME with dfe, optical coherence tomography rnfl, and humphrey visual field 24-2 PERSON acting as scribe for", "gpt4_summary": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09294", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09294.jpg", "filename": "data_09294.npz", "report": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "the time of the visual aura, however, the patient should not drive, as vision is truly impaired due to dysfunction of the cortical visual areas. we also discussed that the presence of migraine with aura is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. i do not think that his current treatment regiment of apixaban, atorvastatin and bp meds needs to be adjusted. we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09295", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "filename": "data_09295.npz", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n", "age": 85.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient returns for follow up of gca. my exam revealed stable visual acuity and color vision. his automated (humphrey) visual field showed non-specific changes on the right (stable), and inferior nasal loss on the left side (stable/improved). his fundus exam revealed normal disc on the right side. on the left, there was no disc pallor, however, there was excavation of the superior margin of the disc with a vessel crossing through the superior rim. overall, the appearance of the left optic disc was stable. his oct showed normal ganglion cell thickness results. overall, he is stable visually, and my exam shows no change. he is currently on 10 mg prednisone DATE_TIME and his esr DATE_TIME is 9. his rheumatologist is managing his prednisone taper and i will defer to him in this regard. i agree with considering tocilizumab per his rheumatologist. i generally treat with prednisone for DATE_TIME, depending upon the details of each specific case. the goal is to use the lowest dose of corticosteroid possible to maintain quiescence of the disease. given that he had a very high esr initially (>100), this serology is useful to monitor to assess disease activity. his esr DATE_TIME of 9, is reassuring. impression: 1. giant cell arteritis recommendations: 1. continue the prednisone per rheumatology; consider tocilizumab 2. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology clinic in DATE_TIME. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination with PERSON as scheduled PERSON, PERSON fellow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09304", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "filename": "data_09304.npz", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up.", "age": 73.87, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: cataracts ou, but not symptomatic and corrects to 20/20 disc asymmetry, but thick cct and normal hvf and oct refr error plan: 6 mo--refract and dilated exam", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09308", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "filename": "data_09308.npz", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n", "age": 63.1, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 yo woman presents with: 1. complicated cataract os -- requiring synechiolysis, malyugan ring, trypan blue staining DATE_TIME. procedure complicated by pc rupture and retained nuclear material (approx 60-75% of the nucleus). s/p pars plana lensectomy DATE_TIME with tiny wisp of retained cortex in inferior vitreous base - quiet off topical steroids 2. idiopathic NRP, ou: - s/p diagnositic ppv DATE_TIME: results from vitrectomy specimen: viral and toxoplasmosis pcrs are negative, no growth on cultures, cytology shows histiocytes, small lymphocytes and occasional giant cells, il-6 is less than 3.9 and LOCATION is 2.8, igh gene rearrangement is negative?. - serologies DATE_TIME: increased alt (32) and ast (42); repeated DATE_TIME lfts normal. other serologies were negative, including ana, lyme, rpr/fta-abs, ace/lysozyme, LOCATION, PERSON. normal esr. s/p cellcept therapy, failed due to toxicity - labs DATE_TIME: quantiferon gold: positive. she had a ppd placed DATE_TIME which as negative (0mm). originally from antigua, has had prior negative ppds. 3. s/p ppv os for persistent tuft of vitreous over the fovea os?? - good result, improvement in visual acuity - no breaks or tears seen previously \u00ff 4. cataract, od: - nvs; monitor \u00ff 5. refractive error: - mr=rx DATE_TIME. glaucoma suspect -- negative family history -- declines pachy and gonio -- improved with cosopt bid ou, but patient has had poor compliance ('i do not used it consistently because it stings for DATE_TIME) -- DATE_TIME iop 21/23 -- continue cosopt bid ou, brimonidine bid ou; will increase brimonidine to tid ou rtc 3-4 months with oct rnfl on arrival", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09311", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "filename": "data_09311.npz", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts.", "age": 74.8, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 yo retired orthopedic surgeon and PERSON father, with history of colonic polyps new patient DATE_TIME 1. normal tension glaucoma (c/d, hvf) has received care in LOCATION: tmax 20 ou per patient. no fhx glaucoma started travatan z ou qhs since DATE_TIME (LOCATION), was told iop decr'd to 15 ou last hvf DATE_TIME in LOCATION DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: gonio: cbb 360' ou cct DATE_TIME (ave) hvf DATE_TIME: od ins. os central depression >> vf loss od (apparently new) correlates with onh. ta 12 ou on travatan z with good compliance. will refer to glaucoma for further management 2. cataract ou >> updated mrx DATE_TIME 3. guttae ou", "gpt4_summary": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09312", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09312.jpg", "filename": "data_09312.npz", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 78.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09313", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "filename": "data_09313.npz", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test.", "age": 36.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "od > os. her history does not reveal any clear etiology to explain this finding. the decline in visual acuity along with the dyschromatopsia favor a non glaucomatous etiology. in this case, it is indicated to rule out a compressive lesion as well as other causes of reversible optic neuropathies such as nutritional (folate, b12, copper) and infectious (syphilis); i asked PERSON to provide me with her previous records to help evaluate if there has been any progression. if the initial work up comes back completely negative, we will descuss the relevance of obtaining genetic testing for dominant optic atrophy. although glaucoma remains a possibility, it remains a diagnosis of exlclusion in this situation. impression: 1. optic atrophy od > os -rule out compressive lesion -rule out nutritional (folate, b12) -rule out other reversible cause of optic neuropathy, i.e syphilis. -doa to consider. 2. increased cup to disc ratios ou -family history os glaucoma -ntg is a diagnosis of exclusion. 3. ?refractive amblyopia os recommendations: 1. mri brain and orbits c+ c- 2. LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, mma, PERSON, folate 3. obtain records from LOCATION 4. follow up in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09314", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "filename": "data_09314.npz", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned.", "age": 36.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: ref error- hyperopia with astigmatism ou -son putting glasses at high risk of breaking, seeking ctl referral mgd/blepharitis incr c:d ou- PERSON, but + fhx glaucoma (grandmother) PERSON full, oct normal DATE_TIME -cct 479/484 urgent complaint: episodes of feeling eyes not tracking well, episode of room spinning, mild systemic symptoms (temp sensitivity) -underwent outpatient blood workup, negative -outside practitioner mentioned possibility of ms: DATE_TIME normal acuity, colors, motility, no pain with eye movement, no nerve edema, no relative afferent pupillary defect. overall no ocular signs of optic neuritis or ms. patient to get mri in DATE_TIME. -discussed overall normal eye exam, recommend continued workup with his pcp plan: wc, ats follow up with pcp as planned repeat glaucoma testing DATE_TIME ctl referral per patient preference weinert, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09319", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09319.jpg", "filename": "data_09319.npz", "report": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol.", "age": 33.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "33 y.o.f woman w/pmh chronic ha, narcolepsy w/o cataplexy (on LOCATION, stimulants), depression, s/p sinus surgery, follows with PERSON in LOCATION, started timolol ~ DATE_TIME bid ou for ?glaucoma suspect / thinning on oct (records not available DATE_TIME for review). glaucoma suspect, ou, low risk unknown tmax cct 560's ou gonio wide open ou tcurrent on timolol 16 ou + f/h glaucoma mgf (was on drops, no surgery) and brother (hx rop, angle closure) no personal hx eye surgery/laser/injury denies prev symptoms of pds steroid cream for eczema very rarely for yrs (not on face) reviewed findings -- all reassuring, no signs of glaucoma at this time with full hvf, normal oct and normal clinical exam without signs of secondary causes of intermittent ohtn d/w patient - safe iop for her is likely <22 at this time # mild myopia with astigmatism ou plan - trial off of timolol return DATE_TIME iop check patient will bring records for review at that time", "gpt4_summary": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09320", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "filename": "data_09320.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant.", "age": 67.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# poag ou dx in DATE_TIME currently followed by PERSON in LOCATION/PERSON DATE_TIME for high myopia + flonase in the past, joint steroid injections no trauma treated with drops only since dx multiple allergy to eyedrops and preservatives arrives on LOCATION nightly and timolol bid ou parents with glaucoma, one sister ( no vision loss per patient) pp ou , s/p istent ou ttarget: / , tmax unknown, per patient iop usually in single digits cct: 497 / 507 gonioscopy: open to cbb ou rnfl oct inf thinning ou vf dense sup defects ou plan: high myope with anomalous nerves dense superior vf defects ou with matching inf thinning on oct optic disc exam appears to have loss of PERSON per patient vf have been worsening (only one prior available for review DATE_TIME) and subjectively worsening vision discussed with patient the difficulty with diagnosis and treatment of her condition there is some evidence of single digit iops may be beneficial in patients similar to her also cannot tolerate drops i think it is reasonable to proceed with trabeculectomy or xen implant ou -- as long as she understands the higher risk of symptomatic hypotony especially as we are aiming for single digit pressures of note she is not on bp medications diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09321", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "filename": "data_09321.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence.", "age": 79.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "LOCATION; she has hyperlipidemia. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on trusopt 2% bid ou. -stop trusopt 2% bid ou. -start cosopt bid ou. -start LOCATION qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx, bat, optical biometry, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal at next visit, strongly consider phaco/xen gel stent vs. phaco/trab mmc os. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient and her husband, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09328", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "filename": "data_09328.npz", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies.", "age": 47.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient was told by optometrist that she might have narrow angles. she was recommended to see ophthalmologist and have gonioscopy. pt saw PERSON PERSON DATE_TIME, and PERSON referred patient here. mother with history of lpi's ou but DATE_TIME older than when pt had it. \u00ff 1. occludable narrow angles ou (plateau iris component) - started glasses when mostly for reading, started glasses around 39 yo - mild hyperope or latent hyperope; when saw dr. papaliodis, rx was LOCATION 16 ou meei as of DATE_TIME - no eye drop or medical allergies - no past lasers and surgeries for eyes - fh glaucoma - mother with lpis ou - had lasers at 65 yo (mother also has dm); maternal grandmother (dm, 'very bad' glaucoma, also had surgery for this) - no h/o past ocular trauma - uses NRP steroids prn for hematology condition (itp) - plateau iris configuration ou per ubm DATE_TIME - s/p lpi od DATE_TIME (with intermittent light reflex, pt re-assured it was expected) - s/p lpi os DATE_TIME - stable with ch 9.5 od (DATE_TIME), borderline od, unable os (?) a. re-iterated possibility of aacg; also need for cacg screening life-long b. recheck DATE_TIME dilated hvf and DATE_TIME. presbyopia - uses glasses prn \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09329", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "filename": "data_09329.npz", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged.", "age": 71.04, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "detachment, both eyes -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 7. social/systemic issues: patient was seeing a glaucoma specialist in LOCATION, LOCATION has returned back to residing in PERSON as of DATE_TIME. of note, she comes from a family of 12 children. she will be visiting her family from DATE_TIME to visit her children. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on intermittent PERSON, brimonidine tid ou, and rhopressa qhs ou. -continue PERSON qhs ou consistently => sample given on DATE_TIME. -continue brimonidine tid ou. -continue rhopressa qhs ou => sample given on DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -continue pazeo bid ou prn itching -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -rtc DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal in the future, consider phaco/ecp/kdb versus phaco/ecp/istent os first. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the medical student (PERSON). i have reviewed the medical student's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09330", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "filename": "data_09330.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis.", "age": 64.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "nerve - ou - both eyes - oct, retina - ou - both eyes - future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME - both eyes - as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME asthma bronchitis hypertension history of hepatitis b female stress incontinence cellulitis of extremity results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09332", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "filename": "data_09332.npz", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended.", "age": 49.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "he wouldn't feel comfortable managing her anymore). -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given persistently elevated iop od on close to mtmtx (except for po cais and vyzulta), i do recommend proceeding with in bgi od. however, patient has LOCATION trip planned in DATE_TIME, which she can't reschedule. (1) most likely i will see her before her trip to LOCATION for hvf 10-2 od and iop check as well as dilation ou or (2) if there's a cancellation for surgery on DATE_TIME, we will proceed on that date. we proceeded with in bgi in sulcus od on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i will discuss situation with PERSON (i provided my personal cell phone number to be given to dr. PERSON). once we discuss the situation, i may do telemedicine with her. i think that maybe her right eye pain symptoms are related to dryness, and i recommended re-commencing taping at DATE_TIME with e-mycin ointment as well as frequent lubrication. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09334", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09334.jpg", "filename": "data_09334.npz", "report": "Patient to undergo glaucoma surgery in left eye. Recommended for virus testing pre-surgery. Pending arrangement for COVID testing.", "age": 84.38, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, she is planning to do glaucoma surgery in the left eye. to keep the operating room a safe place, dr. PERSON is recommending you to be tested for the DATE_TIME virus within DATE_TIME before your surgery. her secretary will arrange for covid testing. her secretary's name is PERSON, and she will call you to schedule your procedure. if you don't hear from her in DATE_TIME, please call her at PHONE_NUMBER. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient to undergo glaucoma surgery in left eye. Recommended for virus testing pre-surgery. Pending arrangement for COVID testing.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09339", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "filename": "data_09339.npz", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure.", "age": 54.63, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "54 y.o. male with h/o gout, r v1 zoster # recurrent anterior uveitis od patient had serologies by pcp including PERSON (neg), lyme serology (equivocal -- positive igm criteria and negative igg); ace (negative); quantiferon gold (neg). synchronously with his iritis he developed a 'pulmonary inflammation' that has been treated by his pulmonologist with systemic prednisone patient had chest ct scan that was negative patient had right v1 shingles DATE_TIME -no evidence of active ocular inflammation -unable to confirm whether recent episodes represent true recurrences; pt starts using pred forte and symptoms resolve within DATE_TIME. -reports he has not had a recurrence since having shingles. -DATE_TIME: reports he had a recent lumbar xray showing possible ankylosing spondylitis. following with rheumatologist. >observe # glaucoma suspect, cdr asymmetry -tmax 24/23 -pachy: 536/542 -gonio: open ou -oct DATE_TIME: od inferiorly thinning; os normal -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou >monitor off drops # steroid associated glaucoma -iop stable off istalol # right v1 hzv DATE_TIME -resolved lagopthalmos od f/u 6 mos: iop, oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09343", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "filename": "data_09343.npz", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma.", "age": 70.79, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: dorzolamide (allergy) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: high teens ou central corneal thickness: 514 / 513 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: dense superior arcuate family history: brother and several other family members steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: graves disease s/p iodine ablation and subsequent hypothyroidism, ckd, gout assessment/plan: 70 y.o. male retired computer science professor # normal tension glaucoma, mild right eye, severe (paracentral) left eye - outside vf appears stable for DATE_TIME, oct os may be slightly worse vs image capture fluctuation - iop acceptable ou - vf and oct roughly stable, some slight fluctuation in 10-2 os but not definitive for change - continue latanoprost qhs ou, PERSON - discussed that options for next steps os include vyzulta, rhopressa/rocklatan, or timolol; will hold for now as long as iop reasonable and testing stable - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf (24-2 od and a 24-2 and 10-2 os), dilate, DATE_TIME PERSON, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09347", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "filename": "data_09347.npz", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged.", "age": 77.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME dr. PERSON # pciol ou: - per patient performed in DATE_TIME by dr. PERSON of independence eye associates in dartmouth, ma # query vzv LOCATION / endotheliitis os: patient endorses having had a very itchy crusting rash over the left forehead that extended down to the left brow in DATE_TIME. patient's pcp thought that this might have been shingles but, per patient, the 'chicken pox' lab work came back negative. patient states that it took DATE_TIME for all of the crusting to resolve. patient continues to endorse a sense of pruritis in the area of the prior rash, but does not endorse any pain. patient has noted a slow decline in LOCATION since DATE_TIME, and in the ed on DATE_TIME noted to have an iop of DATE_TIME, va of cf@1ft. - minimal guttae od, and difficult to assess guttae os given the edema and PERSON's folds - no evidence of surface disease aside from areas of pee, some confluent, no obvious dendritic lesions - however, given this very significant history of what sounds highly suspicious for shingles in the v1 distribution on the left side back in DATE_TIME, will opt to treat the patient again at this time (concern for endotheliitis given the corneal edema that is still present despite normalized iop, and concern for LOCATION given the elevated iop previously in the ed) - will also redraw viral labs DATE_TIME: hsv1, hsv2, vzv - start valacyclovir 1g tid - start pf qid os - continue timolol, dorz, brimonidine bid each - note: patient does has asthma, but states that he has been tolerating all of his drops well without noticing any worsening of sob; will continue timolol at this time - stop latanoprost (viral concern, uveitis concern, reduce drop burden, iop improved) pmh: htn, gout, mi, triple bypass, right carotid endarterectomy, colon ca, prostate ca, bilateral hip replacement, dm2, gerd f/u - will arrange for further glaucoma and cornea follow-up", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09353", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "filename": "data_09353.npz", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia.", "age": 55.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) refractive: stable 2) s/p laser peripheral iridectomy os done 2/16 ago: looks patent but is at DATE_TIME. there is no diplopia. no need for laser od as the gonio appears open 3) glaucoma susupect ou: there is cupping od, but normal pressures. all testing is reassuring. i think this is physiologic cupping od -return for baseline testing DATE_TIME to be sure dfe: 3/16 vf: 5/16 DATE_TIME gonio: 23/16 tmax: 16, 16 cct: 542, 546 fhx: 4) chalazia: gone -warm compresses bid prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09360", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "filename": "data_09360.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit.", "age": 84.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME glaucoma hypertensive disorder crohn's disease results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09361", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "filename": "data_09361.npz", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery.", "age": 75.42, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "75 y.o. female presents for follow-up visit. patient reports that 'os is not functioning well after cataract surgery'. denies diplopia, but feels that the left eye does not move normally. has no vision problems. no flashes, no floaters, no pain. \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect - mother had glaucoma in DATE_TIME, sister diagnosed with glaucoma recently, had laser tx - iop DATE_TIME, pt reports that PERSON was around 22 per patient - optic nerves appear ok - per pt report, no hx of hvf hvf DATE_TIME test, dilated) DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defects \u00ff 2. post-op month #8 after phaco/ pciol on left patient complains of problems with os, 'not functioning well'. vision good, denies diplopia strabismus as a child but has since resolved. \u00ff unclear etiology of her symptoms possibly symptomatic from anisometropia, but hesitant to get od done, given that she is unhappy with outcome os. \u00ff has made bifocal glasses (not progressive). this helps with vision (has not done well with progressive glasses in the past). complains that she sees the lines under her eyes more since the surgery. she claims that she did not have this before. she notices a 'white' area on her inferior lid os after the surgery. mild pco os but not any more symptomatic than before. defer laser. ? 3. nuclear sclerotic cataract od - becoming visually significant - has some trouble with anisometropia, but prefers to defer surgery od at this time, not happy with outcome os. \u00ff 4. refractive error rx provided", "gpt4_summary": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09362", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "filename": "data_09362.npz", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested.", "age": 71.46, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "imp: doing well with pciol ou pre-diabetic (actively losing weight) cupping and borderline iop ou ( testing normal) pvd os refr error plan: rx=m prn yrly with hvf and oct rudnick pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09363", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "filename": "data_09363.npz", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 68.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "simvastatin (zocor) 20 mg tablet (taking) simvastatin 20 mg tablet; dose: 20 mg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: qpm; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON,p.a.-c.; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus future labs/procedures complete by expires oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME hyperlipidemia anxiety dysfunctional uterine bleeding ex-smoker results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09368", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "filename": "data_09368.npz", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis.", "age": 46.91, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME a zeidman, PERSON chelsea adult medicine DATE_TIME am PERSON r LOCATION, PERSONtitution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - visante condition list as of DATE_TIME middle ear conductive hearing loss open angle with borderline findings, low risk presbyopia tear film insufficiency total perforation of left tympanic membrane grade ii hemorrhoids lymphocytopenia latent tuberculosis by blood test results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09369", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09369.jpg", "filename": "data_09369.npz", "report": "The clinical note is a reminder for an upcoming appointment with Dr. NRP Song. No information about glaucoma is mentioned in the note.", "age": 82.63, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME PERSONdick' patient: PERSON pantano mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME to whom it may concern: this is Institution PERSON reminding you of your upcoming appointment on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. NRP song. your appointment may last DATE_TIME. please complete the PERSON screening questionnaire for your appointment available on patient gateway prior to your visit. as a reminder, we are asking that no more than one person accompany you to your appointment and will provide a mask for you to wear while in the office. thank you, Institution, PERSON phone: PHONE_NUMBER, option 3 fax: PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note is a reminder for an upcoming appointment with Dr. NRP Song. No information about glaucoma is mentioned in the note.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09371", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "filename": "data_09371.npz", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP).", "age": 72.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# likely poag, moderate, ou: -previously followed by dr. PERSON (PERSON) who moved -reports tmax about 25 or 26 -pachy: DATE_TIME shows fairly diffuse thinning ou - gonio open \u00ff\u00ff # diabetes mellitus type 2, diagnosed DATE_TIME -no retinopathy >importance of blood pressure, glucose, and lipid control emphasized with patient \u00ff\u00ff \u00ff# cataracts ou -borderline visually significant, not yet affecting activities >monitor \u00ff\u00ff \u00ff\u00ff # hyperopia/presbyopia >cont wrx (received from optometrist DATE_TIME) \u00ff\u00ff plan: vf od likely stable but may be worse c/w DATE_TIME iop also too high based on cct and level of damage, set target to 15 ou discussed slt vs drops he would like to try additional drops for now change timolol to cosopt bid ou for ease of use ; rba discussed cont latanoprost ou qhs rtc 2 PERSON check in LOCATION can see me after in LOCATION or mc", "gpt4_summary": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09372", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "filename": "data_09372.npz", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma.", "age": 77.24, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "intervention: s/p ce/iol/ PERSONIME (LOCATION): mrx DATE_TIME humphrey visual field 24-2 standard right eye done- worsened rx used was -0.75 which i don't think is correct left: --continue latanoprost (teal cap) DATE_TIME at bedtime --continue timolol (yellow cap) DATE_TIME dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME *needs dilated octs last visual field: DATE_TIME (unreliable) baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME disc photo both eyes on way out f/u DATE_TIME with repeat humphrey visual field sita fast both eyes (not c faster and not standard) f/u with PERSON as scheduled", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09373", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "filename": "data_09373.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn.", "age": 68.48, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. open angle glaucoma ou, referred by PERSON due to concern for worsening vfDATE_TIME ; dx in DATE_TIME no fhx, no trauma, no steroids ttarget: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 ou cct: 554, 554, 554 / 563, 563, 563 gonioscopy: open ou rnfl oct inf and sup thinning od, inf thinning PERSON defect ou medications : LOCATION, alphagan and ltn ou 2. early cataracts ou: stable -observe 3. posterior vitreous detachment od: stable -retinal detachment 4. refractive: stable - happy without distance glasses a/p: likely sn defect ou but patient is a poor vf taker - long, unreliable tests ; unclear if any true worsening, indeed vf may be stable compared to DATE_TIME rnfl oct unchanged since DATE_TIME , however PERSON likely bottomed out iop has consistently measured bellow 12 which is likely acceptable range for patient recommend repeating vf in 3-4 mths will need to confirm true worsening before proceeding with trab ; can consider trab if having diff with drops and/or at the time ce", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09375", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "filename": "data_09375.npz", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain.", "age": 26.8, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. seen for routine eye exam DATE_TIME in LOCATION. has had migraines for DATE_TIME. diagnosis: glaucoma suspect by family history prior history: target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 559 / 577 gonioscopy: ss ou, lots of iris processes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full, wnl optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full, wnl visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full, reliable visual fields on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full, reliable medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother, maternal aunt, maternal uncle, LOCATION -- mgm with blindness steroids: no trauma: no asthma: other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect 2/2 strong family history -baseline oct and hvf wnl -iop and c/d ratio good DATE_TIME -consanguinity in family, but parents are not related 2. right-sided headaches -no eye pain, but some over superior orbit -per patient, brain imaging wnl DATE_TIME prior plan: -monitor off of iop lowering medications -no intraocular causes for headache seen on exam DATE_TIME -discussed speaking with pcp about migraine treatment rtc in DATE_TIME in cos or glaucoma with me, iop, dilate, oct rnfl/gcipl", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09377", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "filename": "data_09377.npz", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted.", "age": 64.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary angle closure suspect target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 539 / 525 gonioscopy:closed refractive error: od +4.50 . -0.75 . 015 / os +3.00 . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: flonase, flovent trauma: no asthma: yes other medical history and problems: plan: i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of laser iridotomy including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, acute eye pressure elevation and glare. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. initial note: +4d hyperope, closed without peripheral anterior synechiae large cup:disc ratio healthy nerve, normal visual field", "gpt4_summary": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09382", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "filename": "data_09382.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract.", "age": 70.74, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "poag suspect based on +fh (mother) and slightly assymetric cup/disc ratio, average cct ? DATE_TIME: iop in excellent range optic nerves stable, humphrey visual field and optical coherence tomography normal diploplia had been previously noted os on LOCATION testing- eoms were all normal, likely secondary to developing cataract os she has her\u00ffrefraction locally ? h/o pvd ou. scattered PERSONfh of amd no retinal elevation no changes noted with amsler grid ? plan: observe, return visit DATE_TIME for iop check, and humphrey visual field optical coherence tomography both eyes .", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09388", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "filename": "data_09388.npz", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 65.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "levalbuterol (PERSON) 45 mcg/actuation inhaler inhale 2 puffs into the lungs every 6 (DATE_TIME as needed for wheezing. PERSON (ativan) 0.5 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth as needed for anxiety spironolactone (aldactone) 50 mg tablet take 1 tablet (50 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSONtitution endocrine associates 617-726-8720 DATE_TIME 10:15 am PERSON pulm lab cox pft1 PERSON pulmonary and critical care unit 617-726-1200 DATE_TIME 11:00 am PERSON, PERSONtitution pulmonary associates PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - optical biometry - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME homocystinemia colon polyp hypercholesterolemia chronic sinusitis essential hypertension diarrhea depressive disorder hyperaldosteronism adrenal nodule posterior vitreous detachment epiretinal membrane (erm) of right eye lattice degeneration of peripheral retina cataracts, both eyes coronary artery disease enzyme disorder chest pain sleep apnea other chest pain word finding difficulty discharge planning issues diplopia dyspnea angina pectoris coronary artery disease involving native coronary artery of native heart without angina pectoris acute pain of right knee onychia of toe of right foot numerous moles results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09394", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "filename": "data_09394.npz", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised.", "age": 25.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "threshold to refer to neuro-ophthalmology if there is progression at intraocular pressure of 10-11. PERSON has mild glaucoma ou secondary to s/p lens removal for ectopia lentis and PERSON ou, here for repeat humphrey visual field both eyes (24-2 both eyes, to check and make sure these have stabilized) and dilated optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer. *low threshold to refer to neuro-ophthalmology if there is progression at intraocular pressure of 10-11. continue latanoprost qhs both eyes dorzolamide bid ou last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check on the dorzolamide PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09396", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "filename": "data_09396.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness.", "age": 26.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect of both eyes based on cup:disc ratio and fhx (patient's mom is df patient) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 567 / 577 corneal hysteresis: 10.3/10.1 gonioscopy: open to ciliary body band both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: full optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: full visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: mother (has had glaucoma surgeries, no blindness)- diagnosed in DATE_TIME, sister (28 yo) with ocular hypertension on drops steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: red-green color blindness initial note: strong fhx DATE_TIME glaucoma with mom diagnosed at DATE_TIME and sister who is on drops for ocular hypertension at DATE_TIME. unknown tmax but per patient intraocular pressure has never been high. normal central corneal thickness (567, 577). intraocular pressure within normal limits DATE_TIME and optical coherence PERSON visual field are full. observe off drops for now with DATE_TIME follow up given strong fhx. plan: intraocular pressure acceptable off drops no glaucoma damage on testing continue to observe off drops for now return to clinic DATE_TIME for dilation, optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09398", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "filename": "data_09398.npz", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma.", "age": 38.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient returns for follow up of paracentral vision loss and genetically confirmed leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (DATE_TIME mutation). my exam revealed improved visual acuity with 20/20 in the right eye, and 20/15 in the left eye. he had mild dyschromatopsia, and bilateral central scotomas on visual fields that have been stable. oct showed reduced ganglion cell segmentation layer in both eyes. it is very good that his vision has improved, and this sometimes happens sometimes in this condition. i advised him that good nutrition and avoidance of toxins such as cigarettes and alcohol is essential. i will see him again in DATE_TIME. this patient presents with progressive visual loss ou, with mostly a paracentral vision loss. he has now tested positively for the leber's DATE_TIME mutation. \u00ff his neuro-ophthalmic exam is notable for significantly improved acuity ou DATE_TIME with 20/20 vision, although he frequently completely misses individual letters, mild dyschromatopsia, poor central vision on amsler grid, bilateral central scotomas on visual fields and bilateral optic nerve pallor, all consistent with a bilateral optic neuropathy. \u00ff i counseled him extensively regarding the new diagnosis of leber's. it is very good that his vision has improved, and this sometimes happens sometimes in this condition. i advised him that good nutrition and avoidance of toxins such as cigarettes and alcohol is essential. i will see him again in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. bilateral optic neuropathy secondary to lhon (DATE_TIME mutation), with significant visual recovery plan: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09401", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09401.jpg", "filename": "data_09401.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 80.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09410", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "filename": "data_09410.npz", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery.", "age": 67.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "67 y.o. new patient to me referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma suspect eval # glaucoma suspect ou due to optic nerve cupping os > od - h/o high iop with oil, h/o extensive laser - maternal grandmother had glaucoma - hvf DATE_TIME od full os superior rim artifact - oct DATE_TIME od thin sup os thin sup/PERSON excellent 15/14 > monitor for now. will repeat testing in a DATE_TIME # nuclear cataract od - explains myopic shift, per patient from -3 d to -6 d - bcva 20/25+ > observe for now, she wants to avoid cataract surgery for now. > reeval in DATE_TIME # hst od s/p laser retinopexy DATE_TIME kriegstein and DATE_TIME comander - increased flashes (DATE_TIME) - retina attached DATE_TIME on exam # h/o recurrent LOCATION with pvr - s/p 23 g sor /fax PERSON from ac/ 14% c3 f8 os (DATE_TIME) - sp sb/ ppl/el/ret /afx/ silicone oil (1000) os (DATE_TIME) - s/p laser retinopexy os (DATE_TIME) - s/p ce (phaco)/23gppv/pfo/el/rr/fax os (DATE_TIME) - s/p ppv/mp/el/14% c3f8 os (DATE_TIME) - retina attached on exam # trace erm os # hx of cme os off acular since DATE_TIME hx of trace intraretinal cysts, resolved DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME DATE_TIME - stable # aphakia os has aphakic cl va ph 20/40 discussed secondary iol in past, but patient not interested cont glasses and cl when tolerable # hx of steroid response os - excellent iop now # NRP lesion - likely old chalazion fu DATE_TIME, mrx, repeat hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09411", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09411.jpg", "filename": "data_09411.npz", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Emergency contact available for on-call glaucoma physician.", "age": 78.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Emergency contact available for on-call glaucoma physician.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09412", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "filename": "data_09412.npz", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 64.85, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "Return in about 6 months (around DATE) for IOP Check. Orders Placed this Visit Automated Visual Field, Extended - OU - Both Eyes OCT, Optic Nerve - OU - Both Eyes - Cirrus; Optic Disc; ONH Cube Condition List as of DATE Hypertension Proliferative diabetic retinopathy of both eyes with macular edema associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus Bilateral pseudophakia Epiretinal membrane (ERM) of both eyes Results Summary Immunizations Administered on Date of Encounter - DATE", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09416", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09416.jpg", "filename": "data_09416.npz", "report": "67 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma during a neuro-ophthalmology evaluation.", "age": 67.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.] dean PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "67 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma during a neuro-ophthalmology evaluation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09417", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "filename": "data_09417.npz", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested.", "age": 84.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, LOCATION patient diagnosis: pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pre-perimetric od on vf DATE_TIME although with moderate to severe stage defects with dr. LOCATION. severe stage os. here for second opinion after recommending trabeculectomy os. target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 25 ( ) central corneal thickness: 599 / 642 gonioscopy: DATE_TIME: open ou refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: glaucoma, small optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: borderline visual fields on initial visit right eye: scattered defects visual fields on initial visit left eye: ia > sa. medication history and intolerances: os burning with timolol/latanoprost. dry mouth with combigan and ineffective per pt. poor response to rhopressa glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: slt os DATE_TIME, no effect (LOCATION) other eye procedures right eye: PERSONE other eye procedures left eye: s/p complex phaco/ppv/lensectomy/aciol DATE_TIME other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: +cream prn intermittently. trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: plan: continue zioptan qhs ou (started DATE_TIME), intraocular pressure above target, but testing mostly stable. may need much lower intraocular pressure in which case may need trabeculectomy", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09419", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "filename": "data_09419.npz", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor.", "age": 73.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 y.o. female with PERSON note: pt left prior to seeing md or having testing. she had an appointment for her hemoptysis that she was eager to get to. will reschedule for DATE_TIME. prior note: 1. PERSON, treated DATE_TIME and restarted therapy with ethambutol 1000mg mg po as of DATE_TIME on healthy ou hvf od reliable and full hvf os reliable, one point defect superior paracentral (new - ? due to toxicity vs artifact, plan to repeat next time) dp stable plan: continue to monitor for toxicity closely with serial eye exams, hvfs, color testing DATE_TIME or prn sooner for any change in vision pt weighs 114 lbs, so her dose is ~ 19.3 mg/kg/day 2. moderate cataract is present that is becoming visually significant os. observation at this time was recommended. pt not bothered. 3. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. recommend svd for driving and svn for reading, trouble with bifocals in the past. 4. blepharitis: good relief with short course of blephamide, then stopped as directed. wc/lh at prn 5. posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 6. pterygium od, nvs, observe f/u check va, iop, color, hvf 24-2, dilate PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON at 8:41 am on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09423", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "filename": "data_09423.npz", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n", "age": 61.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "61 f, tufts rn, hx htn, dm, osa last a1c 9.3 on DATE_TIME for f/u glaucoma testing. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes. states that she had been monitored as a glaucoma suspect for DATE_TIME without a positive diagnosis of glaucoma. [ gonio DATE_TIME: open 360 ou [ oct DATE_TIME: borderline thinning PERSON, full os (stable) [ hvf DATE_TIME: dec rel and generalized depression with nonspecific superior defect od, generalized depression but full os - overall improving performance on visual field testing. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # cataract, both eyes. not visually significant in both eyes. - discussed elective cataract surgery in the future though not indicated at this time. - continue to monitor. # moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, both eyes, with clinically significant macular edema, both eyes. significantly improving with anti-vegf injections in both eyes. - f/u with PERSON, next appt DATE_TIME - reviewed with patient the importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control in the prevention of ocular and systemic complications. # hx of transient monocular vision loss (DATE_TIME). found to have mild (20%) bilateral carotid stenosis, with unrevealing brain mri and echocardiogram. - saw PERSON (neurology) in DATE_TIME # refractive error, doing well with current glasses. rtc to me DATE_TIME, sooner as needed", "gpt4_summary": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09426", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "filename": "data_09426.npz", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy.", "age": 75.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "brimonidine, does not wish to try latanoprost or rhopressa due to concern for side effects. at last visit DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON, added dorzolamide right eye twice a day for monocular trial. \u00ff also has cataract. \u00ff got worse at intraocular pressure in mid/upper teens current assessment & plan intraocular pressure at target both eyes. needs low intraocular pressure given previous progression. with dermatitis DATE_TIME, possible rhopressa? stop rhopressa continue timolol patient may need phaco/trab given low intraocular pressure goals return in DATE_TIME to see if it is still up and if so, likely cataract extraction + trabeculectomy relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) other visit diagnoses research study patient - primary return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09427", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "filename": "data_09427.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis.", "age": 61.13, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia arthritis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09428", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "filename": "data_09428.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes.", "age": 61.72, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma target iop: 18/18 / , tmax: 24/23 ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 547 / 563 gonioscopy: tm initially both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: large cdr, thin superior optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: large cdr visual fields on initial visit right eye: non-specific visual fields on initial visit left eye: non-specific medication history and intolerances: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: cataract, dm without dr other eye problems left eye: cataract, dm without PERSON family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: albuterol inhaler other medical history and problems: plan: #primary open angle glaucoma, severe right, mild left -last seen DATE_TIME as a glaucoma suspect, then lost to follow up. re-presents DATE_TIME with new dense superior arcuate defect right eye, iop 18/16 on latanoprost but he did not have intraocular pressure checked at all from DATE_TIME -needs target low teens right eye and mid left eye given rapid progression -discussed LOCATION, drops - he wishes to try drops first -continue latanoprost qhs both eyes -start dorzolamide/timolol twice a day both eyes -f/u DATE_TIME iop check. #cataracts ou may be visually significant, but pt asymptomatic", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09433", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09433.jpg", "filename": "data_09433.npz", "report": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service.", "age": 71.43, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "71 y.o. new patient to me DATE_TIME, used to work in the computer field, pmh: PERSON, cad, htn, hyperlipidemia, former patient of dr. PERSON last visit with PERSON, was found to have disc hemorrhage os # disc hemorrhage os - iop wnl - pachymetry 533/521 DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME (borderline reliability) full ou - DATE_TIME wnl ou, DATE_TIME wnl ou > no signs of glaucoma ou on exam DATE_TIME > repeat hvf/ DATE_TIME # type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.8 (h) 4.3 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes compared with lower hba1c levels. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. > requested referral to retina svc for further evaluation. he is very concerned about potential vision loss and would like more information about his condition. now follows with PERSON > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized # combined cataracts ou - not visually significant > observe # cobblestone degeneration os # dermatochalasis ou # lll eyelid lesions > referral to oculoplastics for excision fu DATE_TIME, mrx, bat, dilate, repeat hvf/oct \u00ff i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09436", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "filename": "data_09436.npz", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues.", "age": 68.19, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "plaquenil use 200mg bid - started DATE_TIME baseline plaquenil hvf 10-2 ou done. hvf 10-2 wnl ou. OCT Mac OU WNL. . patients pcp has lower the dose. reassured pt. recommend yearly plaquenil eye exam. ?pigmentary glaucoma +fmhx (dad), race. iop is elevated od normal os. PERSON -1 ou. hvf DATE_TIME WNL ou. oct rnfl normal ou. gcl normal ou. continue latanoprost qhs ou pt started steroid injections to scalp since DATE_TIME, as well as steroid ointment pt reported they are currently waning off steroids, encouraged pt to keep waning off use b/c steroids often increase IOP Gonio (DATE_TIME): 3-4+ pigmented tm od; 2-3+ pigmented tm os multiple iris processes ou open angle not occludable ou sarcoid diagnose DATE_TIME no breathing trouble pt takes steroid injections in scalp -- pcp stopped injections hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 5.3 4.8 - 5.9 % final recommend to check her a1c pvd od seen at ed DATE_TIME for this. no holes or tears. warned of rd symptoms. pt reports occasional flashes at DATE_TIME, but does not notice floaters. pigmented ring od > os observe DATE_TIME allergies/drye eye gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn, allergy /Drye eye, and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' avoid flonase and other steroidal medications avoid decongestant 'd' variants of allergy meds follow up in DATE_TIME for iop, oct.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09438", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09438.jpg", "filename": "data_09438.npz", "report": "The patient has been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma, with an option to consider selective laser trabeculoplasty. Their next checkup for intraocular pressure is scheduled.", "age": 75.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "eyes start latanoprost qhs both eyes -- printed rx given. pt will consider starting this versus selective laser trabeculoplasty. pt still consider LOCATION last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field:DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure check on ltn or selective laser trabeculoplasty depending on pt's preference PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma, with an option to consider selective laser trabeculoplasty. Their next checkup for intraocular pressure is scheduled.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09443", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "filename": "data_09443.npz", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated.", "age": 54.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "This has completely resolved on initial exam 2/2019. If she had retinal vasculitis previously, the systemic treatment she has received (IV solumedrol, PO Prednisone, IV Rituxan and PO Cytoxan) would be appropriate to induce resolution. - On exam today, she has no evidence of retinal vasculitis. - normal OCT macula - FA 3/27/19 2. PVD OS - discussed with patient likely cause of shadow OS; no retinal tears/holes - monitor 3. Cup to disc asymmetry -- noted on exam at outside facility - prior records from 2015 with documented asymmetry (documented as OD 0.3, OS 0.45) - full visual fields OU 3/2019 - OCT RNFL with slight thinning superiorly OS; healthy rim on exam - monitor RTC 3 months", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09447", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "filename": "data_09447.npz", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring.", "age": 55.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "arteries. 3. PERSON nodules in the visualized lung apices with areas of pleural-parenchymal thickening. dedicated ct chest for further evaluation is suggested. impression and reccomendations: in summary, the etiology of ms. PERSON's recurrent blurred vision remains unclear. despite her accompanying photophobia, the duration of her symptoms is not typical of a migrainous process or retinal vasospasm, and her examination and recent vascular imaging do not reveal typical features of ocular ischemic syndrome. consideration may be given to a refractive process such as ocular surface disease or cataracts, although her symptoms are somewhat disproportionate to her examination findings. as a result, despite the absence of overt afferent dysfunction on examination, consideration may be given to evaluation for a retinal cause of her striking photophobia and nyctalopia, particularly if her symptoms do not improve with conservative management. as noted previously, the etiology of ms. PERSON's recurrent, prolonged vision loss following strenuous exercise is also unclear, but has been reported in patients with glaucoma, perhaps reflecting iop elevation or vascular steal; as a result, continued monitoring of ms. PERSON's perimetry and iop may be informative. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09450", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "filename": "data_09450.npz", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 8.95, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON of birth: DATE_TIME patient PERSON: NUMBER Institution neuro oph LOCATION dept phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER mario mcminn DATE_TIME office visit mrn: NUMBER provider: PERSON, LOCATION: Institution neuro oph main campus patient demographics address phone e-mail address 264 LOCATION street newton DATE_TIME_NUMBER (home) PHONE_NUMBER (mobile) *preferred* EMAIL_ADDRESS information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME male white or NRP no NRP NRP reason for visit new evaluation vital signs/measurements smoking status never smoker your visual acuity as measured during DATE_TIME's visit (snellen - linear) right left dist sc 20/50 20/50 dist ph sc ni 20/40 near sc j2 j1+ no eyeglass prescription found allergies as of DATE_TIME no known allergies medications and orders your orders future labs/procedures complete by expires fundus photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; onh cube, rnfl, gcc as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME retinitis pigmentosa visual field defect edema of optic nerve results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09451", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "filename": "data_09451.npz", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given.", "age": 76.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment: 1. pigmentary glaucoma ou - monitored by dr. Person 2. cataracts ou - not visually significant 3. compound PERSON astigmatism with presbyopia ou plan: 1. educated patient on how glaucoma effects vision. told patient that glaucoma is associated with high eye pressures and that it must be checked every visit. family history is a risk factor. educated that yearly eye appointments are necessary to rule out any start of glaucoma and that those that do not return may end up with worse vision due to undiagnosed glaucoma. verbal understanding. continue care with dr. PERSON as instructed. 2. educated patient on findings DATE_TIME. educated patient that their condition is associated with age/uv light/or specific systemic diseases that lead to progression of the lens inside their eye to become cloudy. educated patient that surgery is the only method of removing cataract. patient declines cataract consultation at this time. monitor DATE_TIME. 3. new spectacle prescription given to patient DATE_TIME. adaptation to new prescription discussed. verbal understanding. return DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exams with dr. PERSON at longwood optometry. sooner if vision worsens, redness/pain occur, or any other visual anomalies occur.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09455", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "filename": "data_09455.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 45.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: n/a target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 26 / 28 central corneal thickness: 507 / 524 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: father, paternal grandfather, uncle steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: htn, migraine, depression assessment/plan: 45 y.o. female nurse # ocular hypertension, both eyes - iop too high ou - continue to monitor without initiating topical treatment - return DATE_TIME as scheduled for iop check, PERSON, biometry, and bilateral selective laser trabeculoplasty as per coast trial protocol # history of herpetic keratitis, left eye (DATE_TIME) - mild epithelial scarring -", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09459", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "filename": "data_09459.npz", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management.", "age": 73.8, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary angle closure glaucoma left eye > right eye. visual field got worse with intraocular pressure in the 22 range. target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) target 16 central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: inferior paracentral visual fields on initial visit left eye: inferior arcuate, encroaching onto fixation , enlarged blind spot medication history and intolerances at first visit: latanoprost, PERSON bid ou. had allergic reaction to timolol or brimonidine or cosopt pf glaucoma procedures right eye: laser peripheral iridotomy, selective laser trabeculoplasty glaucoma procedures left eye: laser peripheral iridotomy ,selective laser trabeculoplasty other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: none trauma: patient had an electrocuted in DATE_TIME and had some 'bleeding in the eye' asthma: none other medical history and problems: knee pain plan: iop excellent, continue present management. mostly stable exam DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09467", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09467.jpg", "filename": "data_09467.npz", "report": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate.", "age": 51.78, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 51 y.o. asian, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09473", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "filename": "data_09473.npz", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 80.36, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "docusate sodium (colace) 100 mg capsule (taking) take 100 mg by mouth 2 (two) times a day. reported on DATE_TIME finasteride (proscar) 5 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON (efudex) 5 % cream (taking) apply 1 application topically 2 (two) times a day. apply twice a day for DATE_TIME to area on right cheek; abhijit wakle DATE_TIME metal med transfer process lorazepam (ativan) 0.5 mg tablet (taking) reported on DATE_TIME william r cannon, LOCATION 2:17 pm received from: partners healthcare mometasone (elocon) 0.1 % cream (taking) apply topically DATE_TIME as needed. PERSON (singulair) 10 mg tablet (taking) take 10 mg by mouth DATE_TIME as needed. reported on DATE_TIME omega-3 fatty acids/fish oil (omega 3 fish oil oral) (taking) take by mouth. polyethylene glycol (glycolax) 17 gram packet (taking) take 17 g by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME 4:09 am metal med transfer process senna (senokot) 8.6 mg tablet (taking) take 2 tablets by mouth 2 (two) times a day. reported on DATE_TIME abhijit wakle DATE_TIME 4:09 am metal med transfer process tamsulosin (flomax) 0.4 mg cp24 (taking) take 1 capsule (0.4 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. verapamil (LOCATION) 200 mg (taking) take 1 capsule (200 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME heart disease PERSON (benign prostatic hyperplasia) erectile dysfunction hypertension dry eye syndrome pupillary miosis tamsulosin-associated intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (ifis) results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09482", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "filename": "data_09482.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n", "age": 68.62, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "his glaucoma, although he also needs to be monitored for radiation-induced optic nerve damage. overall, his mild optic atrophy appears stable currently. there are no findings that would suggest chordoma recurrence. he also describes some memory problems, which could be related to the radiation exposure. my plan: - follow up surveillance mri next at Institution given possible changes on recent mri. - follow up with outpatient ophthalmologist for consideration of cataract extraction od. i gave him several recommendations DATE_TIME - he again deferred neuropsychological testing given patient's reports of memory disturbance following radiation treatment i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09485", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "filename": "data_09485.npz", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma.", "age": 52.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "LOCATION mohanty DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. sildenafil, antihypertensive, (revatio) 20 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth once as needed. vitamin d3 2,000 unit tablet (taking) take 1 tablet twice daily atorvastatin (lipitor) 20 mg tablet take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth nightly. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME injury of head hyperlipidemia sarcoidosis kidney stone bipolar disorder hemochromatosis carrier dm (diabetes mellitus), type 2 glaucoma at risk for obstructive sleep apnea pain in joint of left shoulder right foot drop healthcare maintenance results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09487", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "filename": "data_09487.npz", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist.", "age": 68.26, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 PERSON manager with history of htn, hypercholesterolemia, cad s/p cabg DATE_TIME (couper), LOCATION, osteoarthritis of knee s/p r knee surgery 9/12, afib/vtach now s/p pacer (on coumadin, goal 2-3) asa 81 mg metal k abrasion os many years ago (evaluated by dr. post) DATE_TIME saw dr. PERSON for fb under lid os >> removed in office referred for cataract evaluation by PERSON rhee 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (od DATE_TIME and os DATE_TIME, toric ou) deep brow. coumadin with LOCATION generally around 2.5 (does not want topical) pentacam DATE_TIME: PERSON. PERSON, doing well. 2. poag suspect (by c/d ratio 0.7 ou) tmax 21 ou (DATE_TIME), previously 17/19. cct 590/595 (thick). no fhx glaucoma hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct 3/DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou dp DATE_TIME >> followed by PERSON/turalba, felt stable at last visit DATE_TIME (likely physiologic cupping) >> will follow. DATE_TIME. pvd ou -floaters os for many years (od is finer) 4. mgd ou -used azasite and wc in past. now on optive bid which helps his baseline irritation >> understands dry eye/irritation will persist despite cataract surgery, and may still cause some glare", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09490", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "filename": "data_09490.npz", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow.", "age": 54.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "54 F with sarcoid Previously seen by Dr. PERSON Imp: 1. Significant dry eye OU - rec AT QID and WC, consider plugs in future 2. Mild cat OU - monitor, myopic shift today since 2011 (was plano OU in 2011) 3. Ref err - Mrx today 4. Sarcoid - no hx eye involvement, none today 5. Glc suspect: OCT/HVF acceptable, IOP borderline, CCT slightly thick/protective Plan: Repeat testing in 6-12mo PERSON: Patient angry that she was told she has a 'macular nerve' problem and didn't understand why she was here. After an extensive explanation by me, patient said she did not want to be seen by Dr. PERSON and left the exam room. She understands that her evaluation is incomplete without an evaluation by the attending and leaving before being seen is leaving AMA. She expressed understanding. I discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. I have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09491", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "filename": "data_09491.npz", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision.", "age": 79.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "79 y.o. female presents for a comprehensive eye exam and glaucoma testing. last seen by dr. PERSON for degenerative drusen of both eyes. since the last visit she still feels that the left eye is not as good for near as it was previously. 1. PERSON cataract surgery ou in LOCATION - monovision od aimed for distance - os aimed for reading per patient, se of os is -0.875, can read at near without spectacles - new mrx given to patient DATE_TIME, recommend fill rx or use otc readers for near 2. glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup to disc ratio - iop - 11/10 - tmax - 11/11 - cct - 535/508 - c/d - 0.55. 0.5 - family history - negative per patient - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - non-specific defects od > os - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - full ou - baseline fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou at last visit - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy on clinical exam and testing DATE_TIME, although hvf shows peripheral defects od > os, recommend repeat testing - return in DATE_TIME with repeat hvf. 3. PERSON macula performed - DATE_TIME, on macular drusen noted rtc 2-3 months for repeat hvf 24-2 (os first, then od) then gonio with me, no dilation the above note was recorded by PERSON brewer as a scribe for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME). \u00ff i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. \u00ff PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09499", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09499.jpg", "filename": "data_09499.npz", "report": "50-year-old unknown black female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, account ready to use at patient gateway.", "age": 50.77, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 50 y.o. black, Unknown female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old unknown black female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, account ready to use at patient gateway.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09500", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09500.jpg", "filename": "data_09500.npz", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost.", "age": 62.3, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma evaluation. diagnosis: mild POAG OD, ohtn os Target IOP: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 521 / 523 gonioscopy: cbb, 1-3+ pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): 0.45, but inferior rnfl looks thinner than left eye optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): 0.2, full visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: sister (surgery), mother steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. mild POAG OD, ohtn os -inferior rnfl od looks thinner than left eye 2. ns cataracts ou -not yet significant -monitor plan: -start latanoprost 1/1 rtc in DATE_TIME for dfe", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09503", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "filename": "data_09503.npz", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these.", "age": 83.65, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "83 yo woman with history of HTN, osteoarthritis, vertigo (saw Dr. PERSON, no episodes since treated with his therapist Dr. PERSON) S/p R total knee arthroplasty 9/5/19 \u00ff 1. Glaucoma suspect (c/d ratio) Tmax 18 OU (24 OD on POD#1). CCT 545/542 (ave). No FHx glacuoma Followed by Dr. PERSON in past HVF 10/4/22: Full OU HVF 8/24/21: OD full. OS superior rim loss HVF 8/4/20: full OU HVF 7/23/19: full OU HVF 7/10/18: full OU HVF 5/22/15: full OU HVF 5/23/14: full OU (isolated loss inferiorly) OCT 10/4/22: WNL OU OCT 8/24/21: WNL OU OCT 8/4/20: WNL OU OCT 7/23/19: WNL OU OCT 7/10/18: WNL OU OCT 6/20/17: WNL OU OCT 6/7/16: WNL OU OCT 5/22/15: WNL OU OCT 5/23/14: WNL OU \u00ff 2. s/p phaco/PCIOL OU (10/25/07 OD and 1/24/08 OS; Dr. PERSON OU) Mild PCO OS> OD; off visual axis, asx >> updated MRx 10/4/22 \u00ff 3. Blepharitis OU with MGD -Exam severe today with thickened eyelids OU with telangiectasis >> expressed MG OU today -Performing WCs with showers >> WC/LH. Will add Azasite scrubs x 2 wks. Continue EMN ung x 1-2 wks QHS prn >> may consider doxycyline in future \u00ff 4. Punctal ectropion OS>OD, appears to have spastic component (lids occluding each other's puncta) >> epiphora and some mucous, also component of blepharitis/MGD. Will consider plastics eval \u00ff 5. RLL trichiasis and LLL trichiasis >> asx, will follow 6. Mild hypertensive retinopathy (AV nicking OU) >> monitor patanol PRN vernal sx", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09508", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "filename": "data_09508.npz", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia.", "age": 68.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "# poag os (mild), and suspect od: - fhx glaucoma in father (dx 90 yo) - no known h/o high iop, gonio open - diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. \u00ff\u00ff # dry eye, evaporative mild rosacea -hc ou bid -at ou bid-tid -omega iii fa po \u00ff\u00ff # pseudophakia ou: - monitor, per hatch \u00ff plan: good effect with LOCATION ou qhs, ccm \u00ff cc: dr. PERSON- 4 months repeat hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09509", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "filename": "data_09509.npz", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening.", "age": 82.31, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "a 82 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. covid prescreening complete.", "gpt4_summary": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09510", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "filename": "data_09510.npz", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam.", "age": 80.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: cataract ou - noticing glare at night - monitor glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry - fhx: +father - tmax: 18/19; DATE_TIME 12/14 - cct 499/498 - hvf DATE_TIME normal ou; oct with stable sup thinning ou - angles open by gonio thyroid eye disease: h/o graves disease s/p radioactive iodine DATE_TIME, nonsmoker - s/p strabismus surgery (dr. PERSON) DATE_TIME internal recession lul with tarsal posterior spacer graft from lul to lll DATE_TIME - s/p right upper eyelid ptosis repair via external levator advancement, and left upper eyelid recession DATE_TIME lul recession DATE_TIME - followed by dr. PERSON and tufts endocrinology vortex keratopathy --amiodarone x DATE_TIME dry vs. recurrent corneal erosion od --gel/oint hs refr error plan: yrly exam with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09511", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "filename": "data_09511.npz", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error.", "age": 64.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME. female PERSON employee with h/o breast ca on tamoxifen - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio ou with possible pigment dispersion syndrome fam hx: none tmax (here): 21/20 cct: 570/580 gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb 360, no pas, 2+ pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou reliable and full DATE_TIME: od nasal defects, os full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: PERSON but decreasing avg nfl, PERSON and stable gcl DATE_TIME: ou wnl disc photos: DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> continue to monitor closely, particularly avg nfl od. plan to repeat hvf soon - posterior vitreous detachment ou last dfe by PERSON DATE_TIME showed pvd ou no new retinal holes/tears DATE_TIME >> retinal detachment precautions - mild dry eye syndrome ou notes itching/irritation around fall time every year >> chilled preservative-free artificial tears, zaditor ou bid prn - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. repeat hvf od soon f/up DATE_TIME with mrx, bat, hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09512", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09512.jpg", "filename": "data_09512.npz", "report": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management.", "age": 79.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "that development of multiple meningiomas might have occurred secondary to the exogenous estrogen which is very plausible given that many meningiomas express estrogen receptors. diagnoses. 1. multiple meningiomas, one lesion causing prechiasmal optic nerve compression 2. history of open angle glaucoma both eyes 3. PERSON syndrome, with history of long-time exogenous estrogen intake that likely influenced #1 4. convergence PERSON recommendations. 1. follow up in DATE_TIME with hvf, oct gcc and rnfl 2. follow up with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME with surveillance mri 3. refer to comprehensive ophthalmololgy for glaucoma management; i will refill latanoprost but not PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology resident.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian - daughter);dr. PERSON, dr. PERSON 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. PERSON, dr. PERSON with respect to management, this patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09513", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "filename": "data_09513.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops.", "age": 29.74, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "plan: #primary open angle glaucoma (poag) of both eyes, suspect - optical coherence tomography, automated perimetry stable, intraocular pressure around baseline - can continue to monitor for now off drops", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09514", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "filename": "data_09514.npz", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 40.14, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. LOCATION pawar DATE_TIME 1:25 am metal med transfer process fingolimod (gilenya) 0.5 mg cap take 1 capsule (0.5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME bwh amb infusion chair 14 bwh ambulatory infusion center DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON partners ms and infusion center 617-525-6550 DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON amb infusion chair PERSON ambulatory infusion center DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, PERSON and women's hospital, department of neurology PHONE DATE_TIME 11:00 am PERSON, LOCATION shore physicians group 7 DATE_TIME 10:00 am PERSON, PERSONtitution neuro oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit color fundus photography - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; gcc, rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME multiple sclerosis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09519", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "filename": "data_09519.npz", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use.", "age": 26.99, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "26 PERSON here for follow up referred by PERSON wore scleral lenses x DATE_TIME (rgp before that) works in information security # keratoconus os > od diagnosed at ~14 yo #s/p cxl od (DATE_TIME) kmax DATE_TIME 66.4/79.7 (thinnest 351/142) - last used scleral lenses DATE_TIME DATE_TIME 67.0/82.6 wore scleral lenses DATE_TIME DATE_TIME 67.1/75.5 wore scleral lenses DATE_TIME (just out) some fluctuation in scans, no ob progression profound thinning os > od with scarring, possible hydrops discussed alk/pkp surgery os.appears too thin for cxl but could consider in attempt to stabilize tissue around cone will monitor at this time and consider in the future. pt would PERSON to avoid surgery if possible add gel tear qhs # seasonal allergies - no eye rubbing zaditor bid prn # neovascularization of cornea monitor # glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d no fhx, no steroid use, no trauma cct thin due to kc appears full , will monitor fu DATE_TIME pent compare", "gpt4_summary": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09520", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09520.jpg", "filename": "data_09520.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 81.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "and then afterwards in DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure check PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09525", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "filename": "data_09525.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures.", "age": 68.03, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "procedures/lasers: other eye procedures/lasers: glaucoma medication issues: {positive and negative:22522} history of asthma {positive and negative:22522} history of bradycardia {positive and negative:22522} sulfa allergy {positive and negative:22522} history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) hvf- od, sup arcuate; os, generalized depression - no prior for comparison (DATE_TIME) hvf 10-2 os DATE_TIME: small central island (DATE_TIME, PERSON thinning; os, generalized thinning \u00ff # cataract ou - mild, monitor for now # plan DATE_TIME: iop not recorded , {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} od, {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} os last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09529", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "filename": "data_09529.npz", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts.", "age": 55.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "attending's assessment and plan: 55 y.o. male - primary open angle glaucoma, advanced ou, od worse than os. PERSON, 24 os on treatment. positive fhx. medication intolerance: none central corneal thickness: 564/ 567 goal PERSON around 10, os around 10 - elevated ou in DATE_TIME. plan: c/w xal ou qhs. add timolol ou bid and PERSON ou bid. - pt may need procedure/ surgery if iop is not better controlled soon. - cataracts, borderline vs plan: monitor - systemic / social: pt is from PERSON. y - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop ou, hvf 10-2 ou and oct ou.", "gpt4_summary": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09531", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "filename": "data_09531.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments.", "age": 62.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou fam hx: none tmax: 20/20, PERSON is 0 od -1 os. gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ss/cbb hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: ou full. rnfl oct DATE_TIME: ou PERSON oct DATE_TIME: ou wnl disc photos: DATE_TIME observe. posterior vitreous detachment ou symptom onset od DATE_TIME, os 9-DATE_TIME no retinal tears/holes/detachment on dilated exam DATE_TIME no new floaters DATE_TIME (persistent old floaters) retinal detachment precautions discussed PERSON gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou treatment with warm compresses,artificial tears discussed last visit chorioretinal punched out pigmented lesion od ?operculum flat. patient reports she has been made aware of this lesion which has remained unchanged for DATE_TIME. observe refractive error new rx given. f/u in DATE_TIME for oct, NRP, ar/refract.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09534", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09534.jpg", "filename": "data_09534.npz", "report": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring.", "age": 23.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 27 / 27 central corneal thickness: 609 / 610 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 23 y.o. female investment banker # ocular hypertension, both eyes - iop borderline ou - discussed monitoring for now, and future treatments could include drops like latanoprost or selective laser trabeculoplasty - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09535", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "filename": "data_09535.npz", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n", "age": 64.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "64 y.o. male s/p stem cell transplant (unrelated donor) DATE_TIME referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma suspect eval \u00ff \u00ff # glaucoma suspect based on optic disc cupping - tcurrent: 18/16 - tmax: 18/17 - central corneal thickness: DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME PERSON - hvf: DATE_TIME essentially full DATE_TIME full - family history: none - race: NRP >? low risk. observe # incipient cataract both eyes - not visually significant > observe # family hx of amd (mother) - no signs of amd # dry eye ou s/p stem cell transplant - no signs of ocular PERSON > sees dr. PERSON, last visit DATE_TIME # ll punctal ectropion - initially symptomatic but no longer tearing > observe # refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request for distance glasses fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09536", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "filename": "data_09536.npz", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present.", "age": 29.55, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "patient localizes all her symptoms to the temporal field in the right eye, but the hvf in the left eye DATE_TIME shows a clear nasal defect. it is not clear how the patient's report of right eye temporal vision loss occurring during her hemiplegic migraine (that ostensibly recovered) is linked with her more recent vision loss. there may have been a single event that then partially recovered before the patient rediscovered her symptoms of peripheral field loss vs. there being 2 separate events. i will obtain an mri brain with contrast. we will check her kidney function DATE_TIME given her history of ckd. i will contact her with the results. ? impression: 1. possible right homonymous visual field defect 2. chronic kidney disease ? recommendations: 1. mri brain with contrast 2. labs DATE_TIME: bun, creatinine it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09537", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "filename": "data_09537.npz", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive.", "age": 63.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 yo f glaucoma suspect referred by optometry for evaluation as her ophthalmologists wants to PERSON for her iop. poag suspect, PERSON; cct 566/579. currently on cosopt bid, ou. did not tolerate NRP in the past. i question whether cosopt is effective. there is no definitive vf loss family hx is positive for grand mother, but no close siblings. plan hold cosopt for now. hold on laser treatment f/u in DATE_TIME with LOCATION--oct", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09538", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09538.jpg", "filename": "data_09538.npz", "report": "50 y.o. white, Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Will be out of town at a specified date/time.", "age": 50.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 50 y.o. white, hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. needs PERSON, leaving town DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "50 y.o. white, Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Will be out of town at a specified date/time.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09539", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "filename": "data_09539.npz", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error.", "age": 63.39, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 y.o. female 1. poag(s) based on c:d asymmetry od right eye [ fhx: no [ cct: 524,542 [ DATE_TIME: full od, suspicious for suptemp thinning os [ hvf DATE_TIME: superior defect ou (possible lid artifact) - superior visual field defect in both eyes. possible lid artifact but cannot rule out glaucomatous defect (though not concordant with area of thinning on oct). first-time testing. - plan for repeat visual field testing in the near future. rtc 3-4 months with hvf, sooner prn previously: # no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. # early dry age-related macular degeneration, both eyes. nonsmoker. no fhx. - monitor; discussed not smoking; uv protection; antioxidants. # refractive error, some change from previous, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient.", "gpt4_summary": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09553", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "filename": "data_09553.npz", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia.", "age": 68.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. narrow angles, ou. s/PERSON angle a little narrow od and more open os. cct 565/575. p dilation iop ou great ? 2. hyperopia/presbyopia - stable, continue with current mrx md at Institution sailor ? plan visual field borderline first test rnfl oct stable deferred dilation DATE_TIME intraocular pressure great both eyes rtc DATE_TIME for dilation both eyes & disc photos testing DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09557", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "filename": "data_09557.npz", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service.", "age": 57.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "57 y.o. female glaucoma suspect. presents for cee, 1. glaucoma suspect (c/d od>os) tmax DATE_TIME. cct 521/524 (thin). PERSON (mother, father) gonio: ciliary band body 360, with 2+ pigmenation on tm, no NRP ou (DATE_TIME) hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON, os with PERSON defects DATE_TIME: superotemporal thinning ou, od>os superiorly optic nerve photos 11/11 0.6/0.5 with intact rim ou oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye superior thinning left eye superior was borderline. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye -6.52 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye -5.56 right eye reliability/fixation was borderline mean deviation was calculated to be: -5.56 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: superior arcuate defect left eye reliability/fixation was borderline. mean deviation was calculated to be: -6.52 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: superior arcuate defect 2.4. dry eye ou - instructed to apply warm compresses toclosed eyelids twice a day, for DATE_TIME at a time. - use over-the-counter artificial tears such as refresh, LOCATION, theratears 4 x per day or as needed. (systane sample given DATE_TIME) refer to glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09560", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "filename": "data_09560.npz", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping.", "age": 70.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "imp: s/p rd repair od s/p right phaco/iol and yag pc cataract os history of uveitis ou (ankylosing spondylitis); quiet lately drusen ou pvd os cupping ou; susp for glaucoma. cct 503/496; hvf full, oct PERSON; iop 16/16 DATE_TIME refr error --enjoys monovision plan: continue NRP yearly and repeat hvf and oct of rnfl and PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09561", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "filename": "data_09561.npz", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated.", "age": 71.51, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: no diabetic retinopathy nuclear sclerosis ou right exotropia with amblyopia; s/p strabismus surgery pituitary lesion s/p endoscopic resection DATE_TIME cupping os (no hx iop elevation) --cct DATE_TIME; normal hvf os; temp rnfl thinning os; Normal rnfl od;; few paracentral and inferior losses od with poor fixation (NRP) refr error plan: yrly with repeat hvf and oct wang pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. requests strabismus consult re large angle exotropia od", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09562", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "filename": "data_09562.npz", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander.", "age": 34.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 34 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. imp: life-long hx of ocular albinism ---now c/o limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties hvf with central island ou; abn oct of rnfl and PERSON has LOCATION nystagmus on lateral gaze; largely resolves in primary NRP error plan: consult with dr. comander", "gpt4_summary": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09564", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "filename": "data_09564.npz", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic.", "age": 55.95, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "brimonidine bid os last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME with dfe, and repeat optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field 10-2 left eye only please", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09570", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "filename": "data_09570.npz", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up.", "age": 28.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "mutations for optic atrophy has returned negative. as mentioned by PERSON, the genetics counselor who has worked with him, genet testing identifies a known genetic mutation about 50% of the time when there is a clinical diagnosis of genetic optic atrophy. it remains likely therefore that he has a form of DOA, perhaps with a mutation in a non-coding segment of dna. his examination DATE_TIME remains stable. he recently had iritis, but it currently is improved with prednisolone eye drops. he will follow the guidance of his ophthalmologist, but if there is any recurrence he can be referred to the uveitis service here. i will inquire whether there is any research testing that may be an option and will plan to see him in follow up in DATE_TIME. recommendations: 1. return in DATE_TIME. will inquire about research level testing ? PERSON, LOCATION ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09573", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "filename": "data_09573.npz", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested.", "age": 79.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "79 y.o. female patient presents for cataract followup former neonatologist at bwh \u00ff referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma eval # most likely physiologic cupping ou +fhx for glaucoma (mother on drops) large nerves cct thin, 506/508 on lenstar tmax 17, DATE_TIME (tonopen) in cornea clinic tcurrent 11,10 hvf full oct wnl ou rims appear intact clinically d/w patient this is most likely physiologic cupping given her reassuring testing. she does have risk factors of thin cornea and mother who is on drops (but unknown glaucoma status), however her clinical appearance is very reassuring overall. recommend DATE_TIME dilated eye exams to ensure no new suspicious changes, but at this point the risk of glaucoma appears very low. #s/p PERSONIME (zxr00 +20.5 diopters, aim -0.25) - mrx: -0.75 - 0.25 x049 \u00ff # s/p ceiol os DATE_TIME (zxr00 +21.5\u00ffdiopters, aim -0.50) - patient very happy with results mrx: -0.50 -0.50 x058 \u00ff \u00ff # s/p bll ectropion repair DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON) lower lid laxity with tearing ou not interested in pursuing surgery # history of bcc on face, lip, nasal canthus od, forehead # chalazion lll expressed PERSON at slit lamp with gentle pressure on lid no ulceration or bleeding, no madarosis start wc rec plastics if not improved plan recommend routine DATE_TIME eye exams return to glaucoma clinic with any concerns", "gpt4_summary": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09575", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09575.jpg", "filename": "data_09575.npz", "report": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n", "age": 46.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "anticardiolipin antibody after DATE_TIME because the igm anticardiolipin antibody might appear transiently. 3. congenital color deficiency recommendations. 1. patient will discuss the elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody with dr. mark 2. return prn 3. DATE_TIME general eye exam PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating and finalizing the note.] pt states that gets very nauseous with any kind of dye testing. this nurse verified that pt did not have any shellfish allergy dye to iodine in the dye. icg dye warmed for pt to reduce chance of nausea. icg administered via butterfly to r antecub. DATE_TIME after injection, pt began throwing up. throwing up resolved after DATE_TIME and with sniffing alcohol swap. testing was stopped for DATE_TIME due to throwing up. pt able to leave testing without any distress. shari PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09576", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "filename": "data_09576.npz", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease.", "age": 85.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "85 y.o. m prev pt of PERSON former mathematician, now 'telecommutes' for wolfram in PERSON, still works DATE_TIME / day! doing well. wife got a job at google. \u00ff # primary open angle glaucoma ou, advanced stage od/mild stage os - diagnosis: DATE_TIME, was followed in LOCATION and states his doctor noted his iop was trending upward - h/o slt od 4/16 - cct 570s/580s - tmax 46 od, ?28os - rnfl oct shows diffuse thinning od, full os \u00ff - iop goal low-teens od, mid/high teens os - at goal \u00ff\u00ff # pseudophakia ou - stable ou \u00ff\u00ff # age-related macular degeneration, wet, ou - followed by dr. PERSON, s/p multiple anti-vegf injections most recently DATE_TIME ou \u00ff\u00ff # dry eye syndrome ou in setting of ectropion and incomplete lid closure od: - seeing dr. PERSON, add wc/lh bid, pt having mixed results with tears continue to try \u00ff # ocular surface disease - component of medicamentosa. much improved since switching to pf cosopt - continue lid scrubs and wc - in future can consider switch to LOCATION, anticipate pa \u00ff\u00ff plan \u00ffdoing well with current regimen, surface looks great cont cosopt-pf bid ou cont PERSON qhs ou --> hold off on switch to zioptan qhs ou - patient may change insurance now that wife is hired by google holding PERSON bid \u00ff continue genteal gel qhs ou \u00ff DATE_TIME iop, dilate, oct rnfl gcc and dp", "gpt4_summary": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09579", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09579.jpg", "filename": "data_09579.npz", "report": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids.", "age": 32.09, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 534 / 548 gonioscopy: PERSON 1+ ou, with broad pigmentation/iris processes od retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning, globally slightly thinner than os retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: essentially full, watch for superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: topical, sub-tenon's trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hla-b27-related spondyloarthritis, migraine assessment/plan: 32 y.o. female PERSON post-doc in analytical chemistry # uveitic glaucoma, mild, right eye # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, left eye - s/p laser peripheral iridotomy od (2008), surgical iridectomy od (DATE_TIME) for iris bombe - history of steroid response to sub-tenon's triamcinolone that was controlled with simbrinza - iop acceptable ou, oct and vf roughly stable ou, though watch for superior arcuate od - continue to monitor without resuming treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # hla-b27 associated anterior uveitis, right eye - diagnosed at age 14 - off LOCATION and topical steroids - next appointment with PERSON butler DATE_TIME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye (DATE_TIME) - monitor # soft contact lens wear, left eye - monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09583", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "filename": "data_09583.npz", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes.", "age": 57.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: bak (allergy, blepharodermatitis); Alphagan P (injection); acetazolamide/methazolamide (tingling in hands/feet/face, polyuria) target iop: 16 / 22, tmax: 45 / 22 central corneal thickness: 540 / 555 gonioscopy: od: (c)d35b 4+; os: d40f 4+ retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: superior arcuate, inferior nasal step into arcuate visual fields, left eye: grossly full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld assessment/plan: 57 y.o. male bar owner, landscaping company owner # pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, severe, right eye # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, left eye - s/p micropulse cpc/gatt od (DATE_TIME) - extremely rapid progression in DATE_TIME but not as quickly as expected in DATE_TIME while iop uncontrolled, patient previously had been hesitant to travel to see glaucoma specialist, had declined selective laser trabeculoplasty, also developed severe drop allergies - iop acceptable ou - had declined trabeculectomy od when iop previously much higher - oct ou and vf os roughly stable, vf od unreliable - continue zioptan qhs od, cosopt pf bid od - return in DATE_TIME for iop check - gave patient contact information for dr. PERSON office because he lives in LOCATION; patient also considering moving to LOCATION # pterygium, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09584", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "filename": "data_09584.npz", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring.", "age": 53.77, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "attendings a/p: - end-stage open angle glaucoma os, primary open angle glaucoma, mild od - maternal uncle with glaucoma - ? h/o eye trauma os hit with finger but didn't go to eye md - no past steroid use, tmax 32/32 os, cct 534/541 - was last seen by me DATE_TIME and then reported to er in interim DATE_TIME for lost to follow up and noncompliance with high pressures, lost to f/u again from DATE_TIME. - oct od worse in DATE_TIME. hx of iop elevation ou in DATE_TIME. - goal iop mid teens od, comfort os - iop at goal DATE_TIME ou. plan: c/w xal ou qhs, c/w cosopt ou tid, c/w alphagan ou tid - reinforced compliance. - may need cpc mp in the near future. - stressed compliance - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check ou and dfe ou. - monocular precautions; polycarbonate (impact resistant) prescription given in DATE_TIME - other: seen by dr. PERSON and dr. PERSON. hx of car accident in DATE_TIME. guy PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, 4:08 pm) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09587", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "filename": "data_09587.npz", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed.", "age": 75.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "imp: s/p brvo od; PERSON and laser prev cataract ou glaucoma suspect ou; on timolol and xalatan; iop stable, but progression of rnfl thinning od and hvf ou refr error plan: cpm for now consult with glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09588", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "filename": "data_09588.npz", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted.", "age": 73.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment and plan 73 y.o. female glaucoma suspect: enlarged c/d od>os -incr c/d -famhx neg -tprev: 17/15, 18/18, 19/20 -tcurrent: 14/14 -pachy : 544/551 -oct DATE_TIME: thinning ou -oct DATE_TIME: od sup and PERSON thinning; os sup thinning; stable ou -oct DATE_TIME: od inf thinning; PERSON; stable ou -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou -hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON DATE_TIME: full ou, no bs plotted -gonio: open ou -disc photos DATE_TIME h/o retinal tear s/p laser os -stable >rd precuations blepharitis -mild, may have had recent flare up DATE_TIME that improved with emycin ung >warm compresses and lid hygiene bid >at qid prn s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME; s/p phaco/PERSONIME -doing well refractive error >mrx given at patient's request f/u 1 yr: hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09589", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09589.jpg", "filename": "data_09589.npz", "report": "68-year-old Hispanic male with no diagnosed glaucoma. Prescreening completed.", "age": 68.08, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 68 y.o. white, hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. prescreen complete", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old Hispanic male with no diagnosed glaucoma. Prescreening completed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09590", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "filename": "data_09590.npz", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again.", "age": 78.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. poag advanced stage with gon ou tmax 20mmhg ou, cct 500/491 microns - iop now close to target but not ideal, ou. it is encouraging that vfs have been stable since DATE_TIME glaucoma procedures: od: LOCATION; \u00fftrabectome. \u00ff os: LOCATION; trabectome glaucoma medication issues: alphagan allergy; probable bak allergy but tolerating PERSON; prostaglandin associated periorbitopathy\u00ff \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff+ asthma \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00fftarget<14 ?? 2. pds - \u00ffpt was told that she had this diagnosis at DATE_TIME. pseudophakia ou \u00ff plan: ?iop\u00fftoo high DATE_TIME and eyes red continue PERSON \u00ffand\u00ffvyzulta qhs os- iop increased to 21, 20 w/o rhopressa added xalatan ou with initial good response (13 both eyes) but now intraocular pressure back up to 20 right eye and 19 left eye- however, her daughter says that she just moved into assisted living DATE_TIME and that she may be out of her routine cpm rv DATE_TIME iop check NRP \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09593", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "filename": "data_09593.npz", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 83.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "presbyopia # dry eye syndrome - has been having worsening intermittent blurry vision when reading - has been using +2.50 d over the counter readers without improvement. could increase to +3d and increase illumination - suspect possible dry eye component given improvement with blinking - recommend artificial tears - to optometry to new refraction for reading only.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09596", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "filename": "data_09596.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy.", "age": 76.79, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: 1. poag; stable iop, on xalatan and timolol ou; tmax 24.5/24; 560/563; oct/hvf with progression DATE_TIME. cataract ou 3. pvd (floater) ou 4. no diabetic retinopathy 5. refr error plan: cpm consult glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09599", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "filename": "data_09599.npz", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call.", "age": 78.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) the left eye 3x/day brinzolamide/azopt (orange)& the left eye 3x/day 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant at (617)-573 for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09600", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09600.jpg", "filename": "data_09600.npz", "report": "24-year-old white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Examined by PERSON MD, PhD in ophthalmology.", "age": 24.76, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 24 y.o. white, hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. hours. Attending to Review: PERSON PERDSON MD, PhD Ophthalmology Residen LOCATION PERSON Resident DATE_TIME PERSON, MD DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "24-year-old white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Examined by PERSON MD, PhD in ophthalmology.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09602", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "filename": "data_09602.npz", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma.", "age": 58.42, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp keratoconus ou- sp pkp od (prev followed by PERSON PERSON), rgp os pvd od cataract os pseudophakia od chiasmal tumor- LOCATION stable on cabergoline (last mri DATE_TIME). last seen by dr. PERSON neuro-op DATE_TIME. no new symptoms but sent by Institution neuro-endocrine to update hvf and for comprehensive exam. hvf with temporal defects od and diffuse suppression os with high fl. oct borderline od and thin os (most prom sup and PERSON). similar pattern compared to notes from DATE_TIME plan: oct/hvf non glaucomatous and PERSON, f/u neuro-op non urgent for ongoing hvf f/u dr. PERSON for rgp update monitor cataract and keratoconus- re-refer to cornea when needed i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. management by neuro-oph, cornea, and optom services", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09603", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "filename": "data_09603.npz", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 75.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "chlorhexidine (hibiclens) 4 % external liquid apply topically DATE_TIME. wash lower legs qd DATE_TIME prior to surgery PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril) 25 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process losartan (cozaar) 50 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME a LOCATION, PERSON physicians & surgeons UK_NHS DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSONtitution neuro oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER future orders complete by expires ophthalmology research imaging as directed DATE_TIME orders placed this visit fundus photos - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc; no condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder nephritis skin lesion basal cell carcinoma of back basal cell carcinoma of skin of scapular region superficial basal cell carcinoma of skin of left shoulder basal cell carcinoma of scapular region basal cell carcinoma of scapular region neoplasm of uncertain behavior of skin squamous cell carcinoma of left upper extremity basal cell carcinoma of right forehead basal cell carcinoma of sideburn area results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09604", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09604.jpg", "filename": "data_09604.npz", "report": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 42.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON, LOCATION; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management.] PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09605", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "filename": "data_09605.npz", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high.", "age": 65.4, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "oag very good response to latanoprost risks include dm, race, PERSON (brother in drops), optic nerve appearance iop is 17/20, PERSON is +5 ou. PERSON ou hvf--nonspecific changes cpm with PERSON pciol os stable. done at LOCATION. combined forms of cataract od iol master done observation recommended at this time. no trouble with day or DATE_TIME driving. pinguecula ou hx of pterygium removal os reports tearing od>>os. use at's prn, uv protection. hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia new rx given to pt. PERSON. PERSON diagnosed DATE_TIME. recently started insulin, also on oral meds. spoke about the importance of blood sugar control. hgb a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.5 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 8.1 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. f/u in DATE_TIME iop check with icare, hvf 24-2, no dilation", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09609", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "filename": "data_09609.npz", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears.", "age": 60.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pressure less than or equal to 20 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on brimonidine bid os. -continue brimonidine bid os. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. i assured her that the ora pressures are not always accurate and my iop measurements are what matter most. i also checked the cyst on her left eye, which does not appear worrisome upon exam. i also explained the importance of utilizing preservative-free artificial tears every DATE_TIME while staring at screens or reading for prolonged periods of time. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the medical student (PERSON).", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09610", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "filename": "data_09610.npz", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes.", "age": 62.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of laser trabeculoplasty including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, and acute eye pressure elevation. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. - continue latanoprost once nightly both eyes \u00ff # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor \u00ff i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient vincent j cardillo on DATE_TIME. - PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09612", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09612.jpg", "filename": "data_09612.npz", "report": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 16.94, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "visual symptoms that ms can cause, including diplopia, vision loss from optic neurits and visual field loss and recommended that she calls me if any of these symptoms develop. she should follow with dr. NRP for initiation of dmt as scheduled. ? impression: 1. left ino - resolved 2. recent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis 3. psoriatic arthritis ? recommendations: 1. oct with rnfl/gcl DATE_TIME and macular cube 2. follow up in DATE_TIME with repeat visual fields 3. follow with PERSON NRP for initiation of dmt as scheduled it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. i spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09613", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "filename": "data_09613.npz", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed.", "age": 31.73, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "rapd, optic nerves with lumpy nasal elevation -efferent exam normal: full eom hvf 24-2 ou: full ou oct optic nerve rnfl, gcc: no thinning ou faf ou: no optic disc hyperaf suggestive of optic disc drusen ou b scan ou: no acoustic evidence of optic disc drusen ou case discussed with neuro-op on call (stevanovic) given reassuring afferent exam and minimal findings, very low suspicion for iih, no indication for imaging at this time plan: -referral to cos within DATE_TIME -return precautions discussed extensively -return sooner with worsening pain, vision changes, other concerns d/w PERSON pgy2 PERSON, md, phd resident DATE_TIME 1403 PERSON LOCATION, NRPE 1620", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09615", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "filename": "data_09615.npz", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 60.03, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "59 y.o. woman with asthma followed by dr. PERSON and PERSON previously, requesting f/u here in 243 inferior drance heme od (noted DATE_TIME) - noted in ew, not seen DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME borderline reliable due to high fl/ fn od paracentral defects os paracentral defects DATE_TIME unreliable due to high fl/ fn od paracentral defects os paracentral defects DATE_TIME od nasal paracentral defects os nasal defects DATE_TIME od inf and superior nasal defects increased from prior PERSON and sup nasal defects increased from DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME PERSON ou DATE_TIME nl ou - macular oct previously wnl ou > unclear reason for paracentral defects on hvf. rnfl oct and macular oct are both normal. may be affected by cataracts > observe operculated retinal hole ou, old chorioretinal scars ou - asymptomatic, stable to DATE_TIME other breaks with prior scleral depression 360 ?? vitreous floaters ou - retina intact cataracts ou, os>od - borderline visually signfiicant at this time with slight myopic shift os - pt wishes to observe for now > updated mrx given DATE_TIME ? dry eyes ou - in the past tried restasis bid ou (started 11/10) but gives her headache - related to nasal pinguecula and heat - use at qid episcleritis os noted DATE_TIME - resolved - also has pingueculae ou > artificial tears for comfort fu DATE_TIME, mrx, bat dilate i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09619", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "filename": "data_09619.npz", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues.", "age": 47.61, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. referred by PERSON PERSON diagnosis: glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 629 / 642 gonioscopy: cbb refractive error: od -PHONE_NUMBER / os -0.50 . -0.50 . 080 optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full rnfl, artifact nasally and on gcipl optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full rnfl/gcipl visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): few scattered defects visual fields on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: no steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect, low risk ou -thick cct, not relaxed during iop check; was normal when i checked -oct with artifact, need to dilate next visit and repeat DATE_TIME and iop's normal, can follow back with dr. PERSON 2. history of esotropia s/p strabismus surgery -used patching and glasses as a kid -doing well, no double vision 3. latent nystagmus ou -see above plan: -monitor off of iop medications rtc in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct rnfl/gcipl (wait until fully dilated, poor scan)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09622", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "filename": "data_09622.npz", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma.", "age": 50.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: dry ou no diabetic retinopathy cupping os>od - iop nl, PERSON, hvf and oct rnfl nl nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: art tears yrly repeat hvf and oct of rnfl then", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09623", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "filename": "data_09623.npz", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.", "age": 39.94, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye nightly. oxazepam (PERSON) 10 mg capsule take 10 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME nikhil arun sangave DATE_TIME 1:19 pm received from: partners lmr received sig: oxazepam 10 mg capsule; dose: 10 mg; form: take 1 capsule; route: PERSON; frequency: qhs; directions: not available; details: dispense: capsule(s); not taking; status: active; source: tessema,PERSON; date: your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc condition list as of DATE_TIME rosacea sprain of ankle syncope migraine atrial fibrillation hypertrophic cardiomyopathy s/p implantation of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator (aicd) results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09625", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "filename": "data_09625.npz", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes.", "age": 74.32, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 y.o. male here for follow-up as glaucoma suspect: \u00ff\u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect increased c/d ratio with large disc overall but deep excavated cup, positive family history PERSON, pachy average/thin tmax 18/17 cct 539/529 hvf full DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, normal DATE_TIME, normal ou oct DATE_TIME: od: superior thinning, os normal DATE_TIME: od borderline sup thin, os normal oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning od, normal os oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning od, normal os, stable DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rfnl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: ou full, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: full, reliable ou hvf DATE_TIME: full, reliable ou hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: borderline reliable od, otherwise full ou \u00ff\u00ff referred to glaucoma, dr. PERSON. physiologic cupping. spectralis oct normal ou. gonio in glaucoma: 'ss 360 with pigment inferiorly at schwalbe's; 3+ pigment to tm' \u00ff\u00ff rec: fu in DATE_TIME for iop check \u00ff\u00ff 2. cataract ou not visually signficant, good acuity, continue observation \u00ff\u00ff 3. rpe changes periphery ou observe, no change \u00ff\u00ff 4. refractive error rx provided\u00ffpreviously, sees well with current glasses does not want new rx \u00ff\u00ff 5. dry eyes uses at as needed rec: - try liquigel (sample given) - gel at DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 6. episode of PERSON keratitis os in DATE_TIME resolved no recurrence \u00ff\u00ff 7. vitreomacular traction ou oct macula DATE_TIME: vmt ou oct macula DATE_TIME: same as previous oct macula DATE_TIME: vmt ou, stable DATE_TIME: vmt ou, stable DATE_TIME: vmt os only (od has resolved) DATE_TIME: vmt os, od normal foveal contour", "gpt4_summary": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09626", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "filename": "data_09626.npz", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma.", "age": 58.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "57 PERSON, here for follow-up after ce/iol od DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 1. high myopia prior to cataract surgery \u00ff\u00ff 2. s/p\u00ffphaco/ pciol on left DATE_TIME doing well, iop elevated on day #1, now good off meds ? 3. borderline iop pre-op no family hx of glaucoma c/d ratio a little high\u00ff\u00ff \u00ff\u00ff pachy 563/552, true iop same as measured baseline oct poor images, will repeat DATE_TIME oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou, ?sup temporal thinning os DATE_TIME: borderline thinning ou hvf DATE_TIME: not very reliable, od full, os with ? inf nasal defects hvf DATE_TIME: full ou \u00ff rec: - cont off drops - return in DATE_TIME, for repeat oct rnfl, dilation \u00ff 4. PERSON happy with vision ok to use otc readers", "gpt4_summary": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09631", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "filename": "data_09631.npz", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye.", "age": 38.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "s/PERSON and with iop od up again on just pilo ou (patient also symptomatic to pilo side effects) - better on LOCATION but now with symptoms os and angle still narrow os ? - s/p ce/iol od + ecp on DATE_TIME with deeper chamber and gonio more open goal iop teens for now ? ?? current assessment & plan iop good ou off cosopt for DATE_TIME) hvf with non-specific rim-type defects od worse than os, though nerves have minimal cupping plan: monitor off cosopt follow-up in DATE_TIME iop check, dfe with LOCATION, rnfl oct lens replaced overview s/p LOCATION ecp DATE_TIME s/p phaco/iol os DATE_TIME current assessment & plan the patient is status-post cataract surgery left eye performed on DATE_TIME without complication. mac oct showed no cme to account for vision od. plan: to see optom for refraction PERSON, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09633", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09633.jpg", "filename": "data_09633.npz", "report": "The clinical note discusses the use of punctal plugs in case of problems with preservative-free artificial tears. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 66.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "punctal plugs if difficulty with preservative-free artificial tears. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note discusses the use of punctal plugs in case of problems with preservative-free artificial tears. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09635", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "filename": "data_09635.npz", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment.", "age": 85.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "85 y.o. transferring care here. was being followed by dr. PERSON and dr. PERSON in ct poag - moderate stag ou - iop 17/17 - tmax ? - cct 573/571 - oct DATE_TIME od wnl os focal thinning inferiorly but PERSON DATE_TIME od nonspecific defects os borderline unreliable, paracentral defects > continue latanoprost qhs ou pseudophakia ou - looks fine macular hole od stable pdr ou s/p prp ou fu DATE_TIME iop check", "gpt4_summary": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09639", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "filename": "data_09639.npz", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium.", "age": 75.13, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "75 y.o. male mandarin-speaking (but speaks decent english) healthy - likely mild primary open angle glaucoma os>od fam hx: tmax: 24 os when using topical steroid (used for DATE_TIME); otherwise around 17-20; old notes showed 18/21 prior reports from LOCATION showed cup:disc 0.4/0.6 cct: 561/563 gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ss with darkly pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os possible early superior arcuate DATE_TIME: od inferior and nasal rim defect, os superior arcuate appeared worse than 7/PHONE_NUMBER: od few scattered defects, os superior arcuate stable from 7/PHONE_NUMBER: od nonspecific defects, os superior arcuate defect, persistent but fluctuates since DATE_TIME ?related to dermatochalasis rnfl DATE_TIME: ou PERSON: ou wnl and stable disc photos: DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME given persistent hvf changes os and slightly asymmetric iop, was started on latanoprost with good response >> continue latanoprost ou qhs >> consider taper upper lids with future hvf - dry age related macular degeneration os>od vision stable at 20/25 >> amsler grid monitoring, healthy lifestyle, areds, sunglasses outdoors - pterygium ou stable, not bothersome to patient defers routine refraction at each visit (doesn't want new glasses and doesn't want to pay for refraction) f/up DATE_TIME with macular oct, no dilation, sooner prn mrx only if patient wishes to obtain new glasses", "gpt4_summary": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09641", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "filename": "data_09641.npz", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander.", "age": 60.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON date of birth: DATE_TIME patient PERSON: NUMBER Institution LOCATION phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER susan n morrison DATE_TIME appointment PERSON: NUMBER provider: PERSON mc tech department: Institution comprehensive oph main campus patient demographics address phone e-mail address 260 puritan road swampscott ma 01907 PHONE_NUMBER (home) PHONE_NUMBER (work) *preferred* URLrrison@URL basic information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME female white or NRP no NRP NRP future appointments provider department center DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION shore physicians group PERSON DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION shore physicians group nsp marblehe reason for visit none vital signs/measurements smoking status never smoker most recent eyeglasses prescription (DATE_TIME) sphere cylinder axis add right -1.75 -1.00 155 +2.00 left plano -0.50 030 +2.00 allergies as of DATE_TIME dog dander medications and orders your current medications beclomethasone (qvar) 80 mcg/actuation inhaler inhale 2 puffs into the lungs 2 (two) times a day. omega 3-dha-epa-fish oil 1,000 mg (120 PERSON) cap take 1 capsule by mouth DATE_TIME. condition list as of DATE_TIME asthma vitamin d deficiency iron deficiency anemia cervical disc disease abnormal mammogram sprain of right ankle results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09642", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "filename": "data_09642.npz", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os.", "age": 68.51, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 y.o. new patient to me referred by Institution ew poor historian. poag os, suspect PERSON DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME od nonspecific defects os sup and PERSON - oct DATE_TIME od wnl os thin sup/PERSON suboptimal on latanoprost 13/20 > add cosopt to os > fu DATE_TIME for iop check eye irritation - warm compresses - artificial tears", "gpt4_summary": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09643", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "filename": "data_09643.npz", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners.", "age": 68.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "please schedule this patient (PERSON) for surgery: complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation laterality: left eye surgeon: PERSON, LOCATION level: 3 diagnoses associated with this procedure for booking: indeterminate stage secondary glaucoma of left eye due to combination mechanisms; combined forms of age-related cataract of left eye anesthesia: mac plus block by anesthesia team case duration: 45 minutes operating time blood thinners: this patient is not on blood thinners please send me confirmation message with the date when scheduled. thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09646", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09646.jpg", "filename": "data_09646.npz", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen.", "age": 89.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 24-2 size v ou (with experienced technician), PERSON, and oct rnfl/gcc od (with experienced technician), sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09648", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "filename": "data_09648.npz", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 74.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ear ache after on DATE_TIME, then headache all over head, couldn't even touch his scalp - has lost weight, but thinks this is due to not eating much from jaw pain - denies fevers - discussion had with dean and his wife PERSON about the gravity of this condition and potential cardiac impacts as well as risk of blindness in the left eye if untreated, they were concerned about his chf and i recommended they discuss that with the providers in the ed # posterior vitreous detachment os - extended ophthalmoscopy shows no retinal tears/detachment. - rd precautions # iritis od/scleritis od - quiet DATE_TIME observe - non granulomatous acute anterior uveitis od - onset DATE_TIME after bronchitis, could be auto-immune - has kidney dysfunction, will be careful with valtrex if needed will check with pcp - resolved, observe # s/p ce/iol os DATE_TIME # s/p ce/iol od (dr. DATE_TIME) - good post-op result - open pc s/p yag os - observe # mild erm os - not visually significant, erm obtained in past - observe # history of lamellar hole od s/p ppv by PERSON DATE_TIME - stable, observe patient sent to ed DATE_TIME emergently rtc to me in DATE_TIME, oct macula for epiretinal membrane os PERSON, PERSON personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart review, documentation, and care coordination.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09650", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "filename": "data_09650.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check.", "age": 56.72, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME man with htn: last saw me DATE_TIME \u00ff 1. refractive error: mild myopic astigmatism \u00ff 2. glaucoma suspect based on large c/d: probably physiologic cupping from large nerves; --+fam hx (mother and father) --tc 21, 21 last 18,18 by applanation by md --hvf DATE_TIME: os unreliable with 9/10 fl but full; od reliable and full DATE_TIME: reliable and full; DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou, DATE_TIME: reliable, normal ou --nfl DATE_TIME: normal od, tr temp thinning PERSON oct DATE_TIME: normal od, borderline temporal thinning PERSON DATE_TIME: normal od; borderline temporal thinning os \u00ff --disc photos DATE_TIME: od: c/d 0.5, healthy rims; os: c/d 0.5, healthy rims-- looks same compared to DATE_TIME --cct 557/560 * given increasing eye pressure with significant family history, will start on PERSON covered by insurance * return in DATE_TIME for iop check only \u00ff 3.dysfunctional tear syndrome: PERSON with warm compresses, lid hygiene, and artificial tears was discussed with the patient. \u00ff 4. scleral show ou: symmetric proptosis on hertel's, no other evidence of thyroid PERSON --per patient, thyroid testing normal, no diplopia \u00ff follow up 2-3 m for iop check only after DATE_TIME for dilated comprehensive exam with glaucoma testing", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09651", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "filename": "data_09651.npz", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates.", "age": 60.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 yo ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with history of htn, s/p total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid ca DATE_TIME, s/p rai for 3 positive nodes, osteopenia lee DATE_TIME 1. c/d asymmetry os>od with fhx glaucoma tmax DATE_TIME. cct PERSON (thick). PERSON (maternal grandmother went blind from glaucoma) hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning. similar to prior, may be temporalization of curve. os borderline superior and nasal thinning. similar to prior DATE_TIME: od superior thinning (but missing data, likely due to pvd). PERSON: wnl ou (borderline PERSON) -follown thinning. DATE_TIME. guttae ou cct DATE_TIME: PERSON cct DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME 571/581 > more prominent DATE_TIME and perhaps contributing to some visual sx along with sl incr in cataract od>os. no edema, cct stable. will follow 3. lattice os and cr scars os>od -stable 4. pvd od, very dense, old. new pvd os noted DATE_TIME. des: taking fish oil supplements and using systane prn **overminused od>os, symptomatic >> given updated mrx DATE_TIME >> slightly overminused again DATE_TIME >> updated mrx DATE_TIME. will not change cyl axis os given no complains os", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09655", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "filename": "data_09655.npz", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome.", "age": 74.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "impression and plan: DATE_TIME who is retired from being a bartender at the boston convention center 1. glaucoma suspect -based on increased cup to disc ratios ou -pachy DATE_TIME on within normal limits ou -iop remain normal -no family history 2. hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia ou -rx for glasses provided 3. mgd and evaporative dry eye syndrome -warm compresses and eyelid hygiene PERSON with oct on, gc segmentation and vf 24-2 PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09661", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "filename": "data_09661.npz", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed.", "age": 69.8, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "trauma or kidney disease central corneal thickness (cct - ***): *** tmax (maximum intraocular pressure recorded - ***): *** iop (***): mmhg not recorded gonioscopy (***): od: {gonio findings:19197::'open','narrow','closed','unable','pending'} os: {gonio findings:19197::'open','narrow','closed','unable','pending'} allergies to glaucoma medications: *** prior intraocular surgeries: *** prior history of lasers: *** last hvf (***): od: {hvf findings:19197::'baseline','stable','stable and full','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} os: {hvf findings:19197::'baseline','stable','stable and full','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} DATE_TIME rnfl (***): od: average thickness *** microns, {oct rnfl findings:19197::'baseline','stable','stable and full','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} os: average thickness *** microns, {oct rnfl findings:19197::'baseline','stable','stable and full','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} last oct gcc (***): od: {oct gcc findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} os: {oct gcc findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending'} baseline optic disc photos: {baseline photoes:19197::'unable','pending'} 2. 3. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure {goal pressure:19197::'~','less than or equal to','=','greater than or equal to'} *** mmhg, right eye -goal intraocular pressure {goal pressure:19197::'~','less than or equal to','=','greater than or equal to'} *** mmhg, left eye", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09666", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "filename": "data_09666.npz", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss.", "age": 64.86, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "route every 4 (DATE_TIME as needed for pain (specific location in comments). PERSON (depakote oral) (taking) take by mouth. nadolol oral (taking) take by mouth. tiotropium (PERSON) 18 mcg inhalation capsule (taking) inhale 18 mcg into the lungs DATE_TIME. latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye nightly. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME headache seizure disorder sensorineural hearing loss resultsATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09670", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "filename": "data_09670.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration.", "age": 76.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending assessment & plan - primary open angle glaucoma ou, os> od. tmax 24.5/25.5. h/o disc heme od. cct 500 ou allergy to ag, sulfa allergy but PERSON. possible on change os in DATE_TIME. dp's stable in 11/15. vf 10/12 fluct os, better in 4/13 os, stable ou in 3/16 angles slightly narrow, no iop elevation after dil in 1/17 goal iop high teens od, mid teens os - at goal od, borderline os plan: - azopt bid od and inc to tid os. monitor os closely, may need additional therapy. - consider slt for os if iop still borderline. - early cataracts os>od - monitor. - dm diagnosed in DATE_TIME, no dr in 1/17 rtc in 2 mo for iop check.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09672", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09672.jpg", "filename": "data_09672.npz", "report": "71-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 71.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 71 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "71-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09674", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "filename": "data_09674.npz", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n", "age": 41.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy which was thought to be related to optic disc drusen. an mri of the orbits (DATE_TIME) with contrast did not show any abnormalities of the optic nerve. she is being followed by glaucoma (dr. PERSON) to assist with iop lowering therapy which may be helpful to slow progression of visual field loss related to optic disc drusen. there was concern in DATE_TIME of her iops measuring 20 mm hg in both eyes with a mild worsening in the nfl thinning os and mild worsening of her nasal visual field defect os. in follow up DATE_TIME she had an mri of the brain as part of a workup of vertigo, which shows numerous t2 white matter lesions which are periventricular, subcortical, and a few that are juxtacortical. i am concerned these are clinically silent ms lesions given the lesion distribution. she has no history of symptoms referable to them other than possibly the vertigo/imbalance, though by history that sounded like bppv. i discussed the concerns at length with her and her husband PERSON (by phone). i have recommended that she see dr. PERSON at Institution for further evaluation as to whether she has a demyelinating or other neuro-inflammatory disorder. PERSON DATE_TIME were acceptable and the visual fields are stable, but she should still re-establish care with dr. PERSON. i will plan to see her back in DATE_TIME. recommendations: 1. referral to dr. PERSON at Institution 2. continue latanoprost, follow up with dr. PERSON regarding iop lowering. goal of low teens. 3. scheduled follow up with me in DATE_TIME. i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09678", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "filename": "data_09678.npz", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued.", "age": 64.4, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou +h/o blunt trauma os (DATE_TIME from punch to eye) prior notes from dimock from DATE_TIME: iop 15/16 fam hx: none tmax: 15/16 cct: 565/548 gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ptm/ss (faintly pigmented tm) hvf DATE_TIME: od dense superior defect (?lid), os possible inferior arcuate DATE_TIME: od resolved superior arcuate, os dense inferior>superior arcuate (unreliable) DATE_TIME: ou unreliable with fluctuating defects each visit DATE_TIME: PERSON. rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl macular scar os history of blunt trauma DATE_TIME. pupil slightly decentered retinal detachment precautions discussed combined senile cataract od>os not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living observe refractive error a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient. f/u in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct, hvf 24-2.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09681", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "filename": "data_09681.npz", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 74.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "ora optical coherence tomography is stable, humphrey visual field fluctuates (but is within the realm of older tests) intraocular pressure ok on dorzolamide/timolol and brimonidine left eye right eye looks great after surgery return to clinic DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field and dilation", "gpt4_summary": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09683", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "filename": "data_09683.npz", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found.", "age": 48.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "48 y.o. female 1. poag(s) based on c:d asymmetry od> started on wc, also noted to have c/d asymmetry od>os \u00ff 1. hx rll pyogenic granuloma -asx, resolved over DATE_TIME \u00ff 2. c/d asymmetry od>os -noted since DATE_TIME, followed by dr. PERSON records show tmax 22. cct DATE_TIME: 581 ou (thick). +mother (PERSON, has mmg, s/p lpi ou, on xalatan ) \u00ff hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct today DATE_TIME: PERSON. os borderline temporal thinning oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON. PERSON st thinning disc photos DATE_TIME: 0.65 ou >> will follow \u00ff 3. cr scar od \u00ff 4. refractive error >> updated mrx DATE_TIME (using glasses for driving, but uncomfortable walking with them unless +1.50 otc readers. would like to obtain rx sunglasses) \u00ff 5. cataracts ou - not visually significant \u00ff 6. isolated ma os DATE_TIME -hba1c 6.0% DATE_TIME >> encouraged efforts with diet and healthy lifestyle, to f/u with pcp", "gpt4_summary": "The 64-year-old patient, a copier technician/mechanic with a history of hypercholesterolemia, is observed to have an asymmetric optic disc which might indicate potential glaucoma, but requires further monitoring. Patient also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09703", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "filename": "data_09703.npz", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 29.74, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "may DATE_TIME, 2020 PERSON, LOCATION NUMBER date of birth: PERSON date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: thank you for referring PERSON to me for evaluation. below are the relevant portions of my note. if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON along with you. sincerely, PERSON, PERSON PERSON, LOCATION LOCATION street LOCATION DATE_TIME via facsimile: PHONE_NUMBER adam g. this patient is referred by his optometrist for concern over enlarged optic nerve cups. the neuro-ophthalmic exam shows normal afferent and efferent function. dilated fundus exam were shows mild sloping of the right optic nerve superiorly with c/d of 0.55 and 0.5 os. oct of the retinal gcc was normal ou. i suspect that this patient most likely has physiologic cupping given his age and excellent visual function. there is mild sloping of the superior disc PERSON which should be monitored with DATE_TIME eye exams and periodic visual field testing. it is reassuring that the retinal gcc analysis (a sensitive marker for optic nerve health) is normal ou. there is no clear explanation for his perception of decreased vision od when the lights are out in his bedroom but i reassured him that this symptom is almost surely benign. impression: 1. physiologic optic disc cupping, though with slight asymmetry recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination prn 2. at least yearly general eye exams note prepared with the assistance of PERSON DATE_TIME, md, fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09708", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "filename": "data_09708.npz", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use.", "age": 62.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "steroid responders borderline glaucoma ou hx of family glaucoma, dad. t corr +1 od 0 os iop DATE_TIME od 21 os. ?lens rim artifact od, blind spot shift. thin gcl od>os, thin onh nfl od>os pvd os no holes or tears. dad had PERSON and buckle--blind from this in one eye per pt. PERSON had rd and was blind in one eye as well. nuclear sclerosis ou seems mild. pt has glare. observe hold on latanoprost for now--could consider if the steroid dose or iop goes up cpm with betoptic and alphagan. pt knows to come in for iop check if steroids have to be increased. on celcept and actemra as well as 5 mg of prednisone. taking salsalate PERSON as she cannot take naproxen. myopia dad with LOCATION. vision change od has now resolved noticed gray spot on right paracentral/inferior field of view. this was unilateral change od. followed by her typical vision migraine aura that was bilateral. migraine went away, gray spot was gone within DATE_TIME. there is an area on hvf that could correspond with gray spot seen by patient. no hollenhorst plaques, clots, bleeding or ischemic areas. she will call for any changes. DATE_TIME f/PERSON, LOCATION, oct.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09709", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "filename": "data_09709.npz", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 73.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "only. pt denies flashes but notes longstanding intermittent floaters ou,unchanged. (-) ocular pain, double vision, itchy but c/o fbs and irritation od x DATE_TIME. hemoglobin a1c - external date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.4 % final ---------- fasting blood sugar 130 DATE_TIME before lunch per pt ocular meds: none DATE_TIME: hvf ful ou rtc1 year with oct rnfl only 1-2 years round plastic tiny fb removed from inside of upper lid at slit lamp, recommend .ats ou prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09710", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "filename": "data_09710.npz", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present.", "age": 65.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# primary open angle glaucoma, both eyes - stable DATE_TIME, visual field same as in DATE_TIME and intraocular pressure lower (max around DATE_TIME) - continue latanoprost once nightly both eyes, dorzolamide/timolol 2 times per day both eyes, brimonidine 2 times per day right eye, daily both eyes and mzm - he is following with fechner in LOCATION and here DATE_TIME - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field both eyes, dilate, optical coherence tomography both eyes \u00ff # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09718", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "filename": "data_09718.npz", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "age": 55.56, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "head swelling is epiphenomenal to the uveitis. the finding of regional deficits in the visual field strongly suggests direct involvement of the right optic nerve, presumably by the same process that has caused the uveitis. as such, the primary goal should be to seek a cause of the uveitis, although i explained to the patient that it is not uncommon for a specific cause of uveitis not to be found, at least in the initial investigation. an unusual feature of his presentation is the vitreous hemorrhage, which was significant enough to prompt surgery to remove the blood. the cause of the hemorrhage is not clear. notably, i found two small retinal hemorrhages and an epiretinal membrane in the inferior macula od. the latter could have resulted from the inflammation. i doubt that the former is related to the vitreous hemorrhage and perhaps they are simply the result of the epiretinal membraine. diagnoses. 1. history of uveitis, each eye sequentially, unknown explanation 2. status post vitreous hemorrhage, od, ? etiology 3. epiretinal membrane, od, presumably secondary to uveitis recommendations. 1. return in DATE_TIME. continue uveitis work-up as had been planned PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09719", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "filename": "data_09719.npz", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis.", "age": 62.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male glaucoma suspect ou risks include: age, c/d asym, deep cupping od > os iop wnl ou. Tcorr +1 OD 0 OS will get old notes from INSTITUTION ophthalmologist--(it sounds like they were concerned for glaucoma as well and did an oct) no family hx oct rnfl and gcl normal ou hvf 24-2 normal ou h/o several styes s/p excision of chalazion of right upper eyelid DATE_TIME PERSON advised pt to use warm compresses, just covering the surface off the styes at's prn dry eye ou gave pt dry eye handout recommend at's prn avoid heat/rubbing hyperopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou didn't use reading glasses until DATE_TIME he is doing a bit of monovision mild cataracts ou observe, not visually significant dermatochalasis, bilateral ptosis, bilateral observe f/u in DATE_TIME for oct, NRP, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09726", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "filename": "data_09726.npz", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months.", "age": 77.29, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prior LOCATION pt. # oag(s) based on increased c:d ratio ou tmax 35 od (postop, in the setting of tobradex use, quickly responeded to LOCATION and PERSON) PERSON negative cct 527 ou hvf os essentially full, gvf od showed generalized constriction that appears stable DATE_TIME oct os wnl DATE_TIME goal iop <20 watching os closely because of nerve appearance \u00ff gvf very constricted od with possible progression vs. variability given low vision od. PERSON has not noted any visual field changes. nerve photo stable to exam from DATE_TIME. \u00ff # h/o rd od s/p sb - stable plan: vf os normal, od improved rnfl oct stable iop acceptable monitor off drops rtc 9-12 LOCATION, hvf os, LOCATION, oct ou seeing dr. PERSON soon as well \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09737", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09737.jpg", "filename": "data_09737.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide details on the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition.", "age": 28.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "options on her arrival, though we discussed local referral if she returns to LOCATION. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up as needed, although she understood to contact me with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, PERSON than DATE_TIME were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide details on the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09739", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "filename": "data_09739.npz", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue.", "age": 39.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "? # primary angle closure glaucoma od / primary angle closure os - cct (596/564); tmax DATE_TIME od / 22 os; PERSON of glaucoma (paternal aunt) - h/o r-sided headaches since DATE_TIME escalating in severity; came to ew DATE_TIME with aacg od iop in DATE_TIME when headaches did not resolve - hvf with nonspecific changes ou (1st field) - oct-rnfl (111/101) wnl ou - gonioscopy shows occludable angles ou - s/p lpi od (DATE_TIME) ? - continue LOCATION bid od - continue LOCATION 1% bid od - recommend lpi os (temporal) - ?risks, benefits, alternatives of lpi os explained in detail to patient, including but not limited to bleeding, pain, decreased vision, dysphotopsias, and need for another procedure. informed consent obtained. patient expresses understanding and wishes to proceed. - extensive discussion with patient about continuing medical management od vs lens extraction per eagle trial; explained that lens extraction will not correct pupil function but is likely to be helpful for long-term iop control - patient to consider lens extraction and is agreeable to continuing eye drops as above in the interim # iris ischemia/fixed pupil od - due to aacg as above - does have some mild photophobia od which is likely due to poor pupil function - follow for now ? social/systemic: none plan for lpi os (temporal) as above i have spent greater than half of this DATE_TIME encounter counseling the patient on angle closure glaucoma, treatment options, and risk of vision loss from prolonged elevated intraocular pressure.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09741", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "filename": "data_09741.npz", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU.", "age": 36.88, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. saw dr. PERSON a few months ago who saw an oct rnfl defect and prescribed latanoprost. diagnosis: mild primary open angle glaucoma, left eye; suspect right eye target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 553 / 552 gonioscopy: long cbb ou refractive error: od -3.75 . DATE_TIME . 120 / os -4.00 . -1.00 . 050 optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): green disease with corresponding superotemporal gcipl thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): grossly full visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): non-specific superior defects medication history at first visit: latanoprost 1/1 medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mgm steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. primary open angle glaucoma, mild left eye; suspect right eye -pre-treatment iop 18 -target iop 16 plan: -continue lat 1/1 rtc in 3 months for dfe and disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09748", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09748.jpg", "filename": "data_09748.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. Other mentioned details include nystagmus and patient gateway activation.", "age": 31.7, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME nystagmus results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. Other mentioned details include nystagmus and patient gateway activation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09750", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "filename": "data_09750.npz", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present.", "age": 58.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "58 yo banker with history of hyperlipidemia his mother was raised in LOCATION (NRP) was struck by partner's squash racket while playing DATE_TIME (was wearing his glasses, but no goggles). diagnosed with corneal abrasion os, notes floater os since then, but no other apparent injury. still plays at university club occasional floaters \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect, c/d asymmetry od>os (low suspicion) seen by PERSON rhee in the past tmax 21/22. cct 530/531 (sl thin). no fhx hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf 3/08: full ou stable since DATE_TIME oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou iop borderline, onh appear stable, will continue to follow. \u00ff 2. mild cataracts, not visually significant -updated glasses prescription last visit for sunglasses (dvo) (current glasses nice too as they are small enough profile he can look under them to read) PERSON shift \u00ff 3. h/o exotropia surgery age DATE_TIME. refractive error - provided updated mrx DATE_TIME DATE_TIME (overminused, will change his squash goggles and possibly pals)", "gpt4_summary": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09752", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "filename": "data_09752.npz", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use.", "age": 55.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male presents DATE_TIME for diabetic eye health exam. dm2 no bdr on exam (DATE_TIME) a1c little high, better than last visit discussed the importance of blood sugar control hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 8.4 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. pt reports his a1c is higher than it has ever been low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: DM2 IOP WNL OU Tcorr -2, -1 oct rnfl normal ou. gcl thin ou. Mac scan WNL ou. hvf 24-2 full ou instructed pt to investigate ofhx rl dermatitis, mild changes, ?allergic shiner reports he is been going through contact dermatitis from DATE_TIME. works in hospital setting, thinks it's related to 'mask wearing'. does not appear to be contact dermatitis per DATE_TIME's (DATE_TIME) exam has been using 'topic DATE_TIME around the eyelids and around the facial skin (?steroid ointment) -- warned pt to avoid steroidal meds, as they increase risks on ocular health. gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' recommended pt to see dermatology specialist rtc in DATE_TIME for diabetic eye exam by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09755", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09755.jpg", "filename": "data_09755.npz", "report": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed.", "age": 61.73, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "initial note: found to have intraocular pressure 30/24 and 31/25 and started on latanoprost with good response. visual field full in LOCATION relevant medications latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc (completed) return for no follow up.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09758", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "filename": "data_09758.npz", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions.", "age": 77.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "mg tab take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. simvastatin (zocor) 10 mg tablet take 1 tablet (10 mg total) by mouth nightly. facility administered medications iopamidol (isovue-370) 76 % injection 100 ml inject 100 ml into the vein once as needed for pre procedure/treatment (for ct simulation). condition list as of DATE_TIME hypothyroidism breast cancer hypertensive disorder malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland hyperlipidemia osteopenia gastroesophageal reflux disease asthma paroxysmal atrial fibrillation advanced directives, counseling/discussion h/o arthroscopy of knee glaucoma routine adult health maintenance hernia acquired absence of organ, lung normal tension glaucoma of both eyes atrial flutter atrial fibrillation elevated cholesterol hypertension pain of hand heart murmur asthma exacerbation bone metastasis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09762", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "filename": "data_09762.npz", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable.", "age": 70.78, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. 70 y.o. male: \u00ff\u00ff 1. pseudophakia od (dr. PERSON) s/p yag capsulotomy DATE_TIME, doing well \u00ff\u00ff 2. immature cataract os not very visually significant to patient, wears cl in os \u00ff\u00ff 3. s/p retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle ou os in DATE_TIME od: scleral buckle placement, \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ffcryoretinopexy, drainage of \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ffsubretinal fluid, od DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON) retina attached now vitreous debris od, stable floaters, rare flashes \u00ff\u00ff 4. glaucoma suspect iop ok (16/17- a little higher than prior values) large cups was referred to glaucoma service in the past, seen by PERSONon oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline DATE_TIME: mild progression od sup thinning, os inferior thinning DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: sup thinning od, normal os oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: worsening sup thinning and new inferior thinning/ os: normal hvf DATE_TIME: dense nasal defect os (described in glaucoma note previously, images of old hvf not available in synergy to compare) hvf DATE_TIME: stable hvf DATE_TIME: stable hvf DATE_TIME: stable hvf defect os likely related to previous retinal detachment and residual retinal scarring \u00ff pachy PERSON: true iop about the same as measured rec: - start timolol bid od follow-up for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09766", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "filename": "data_09766.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required.", "age": 62.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# poag suspect, here for second opinion, prev seen PERSON arrives on lumigan , no fhx, no trauma, no steroids ttarget: / , tmax:18 ou cct: 536 / 545 gonioscopy: open to cbb ou rnfl oct borderline ou, watch od vf full ou anesthesiologist plan: vf DATE_TIME likely stable ou -- difficult due to myopic nerves may be pre-perimetric glaucoma but will need to follow to assess for progression continue monitoring off drops to have PERSON done soon , discussed rba of multifocal lens with patient, he will do this locally will also plan to follow with ophthalmologic locally for DATE_TIME or bi-annual testing if any concern for worsening, will return to LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09768", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "filename": "data_09768.npz", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family.", "age": 29.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: PERSON (paternal side of family), crowded optic disc dad had trabeculectomy in DATE_TIME PERSON. PERSON DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) rnfl and gcl normal ou hvf 24-2 (DATE_TIME) nonspecific changes ou showed pt glaucoma diagrams h/o stye rul pt can treat with warm compresses fhx of macular degeneration pt reports this on her maternal side of family f/u in DATE_TIME for hvf 24-2, oct, NRP, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09771", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "filename": "data_09771.npz", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses.", "age": 84.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "last seen by me DATE_TIME. 1. blepharitis/dry eyes ou: stable - continue warm compresses as needed - continue flax seed oil - continue preservative free artificial tears as needed 2. cataracts ou: somewhat visually significant, but still able to do activities without difficulty. she does not drive. - observe for now but is moving toward need for surgery in DATE_TIME. refractive error: changed - lost glasses - give new rx for glasses 4. increased cup to disc ratio, glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension: pachymetry thin (522, 515), PERSON pressure 22, DATE_TIME, gonio open ou; intraocular pressure slightly higher DATE_TIME but has not been taking drops, large nerves ou on imaging without progressive thinning. visual fields have been nonspecific ou with lid artifact DATE_TIME. she has not been taking the latanoprost - ran out. - restart latanprost ou qhs - return for pressure check in DATE_TIME dfe: 5/22 vf: 5/22 oct: 5/22 gonio: 3/13 tmax: 24, 22 cct: 522,515 fhx: unknown", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09773", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "filename": "data_09773.npz", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis.", "age": 47.95, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "47 y.o. male here for DATE_TIME eye exam # micro-hyphema od (DATE_TIME) - 2/2 bungee cord 4/14, resolved, iop stable # retina PERSON resolved \u00ff\u00ff # glaucoma suspect ou - likely physiologic cupping in setting of large nerves ou - ?fh mom glaucoma (vs cataract). pt not sure - oct nerve DATE_TIME: normal ou - pachy: 556/569 - gonio DATE_TIME: pigmented tm, open to cbb all quadrants, no angle recession, no pas - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou - disc photos DATE_TIME # allergic conjunctivitis >zaditor prn rtc 1 year: coe, hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09774", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "filename": "data_09774.npz", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine.", "age": 55.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55f referred from ed with visual changes os (black spot os, amsler grid changes) found to have very large c:d ou (normal iop DATE_TIME) \u00ff plan #visual changes os mac oct DATE_TIME: od normal foveal contour, os with loss of outer retinal layers nasal to fovea no tamoxifen no plaquenil no recent flu-like illnesses no cancer history recent illness history: DATE_TIME when she was sick with a cold and after a course of antibiotic she developed 'thrush'. she was prescribed 3 different type of antifungal medications (she did not respond to the first course). seen by dr. PERSON for glossitis- referred to oral medicine for this where she is now being followed and has occasionally bee on steroids refer to retina # large c/d ratio - longstanding per patient - iop ok - rnfl oct full rims ou - hvf reliable and full ou - observe plan: followup next available with retina for retinal findings os followup annually with me-- disc photos next visit and cct _____________________ PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09775", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "filename": "data_09775.npz", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "age": 73.06, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "implants/special equipment needed -- *** preferred anesthesia -- *** diabetic -- no pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and hvf ou, sooner prn. if iop persistently above goal on LOCATION/steroids in the future and especially if hvf worsens od in the future, we can consider mp cpc (mp probe alone) or restarting PERSON. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME .", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09777", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "filename": "data_09777.npz", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given.", "age": 65.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "(benicar) 40 mg tablet take 40 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. prednisone (deltasone) 20 mg tablet take 4 tablets (80 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology color fundus photography - ou - both eyes creatinine/PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - optovue oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina future labs/procedures complete by expires mri brain DATE_TIME DATE_TIME mri face DATE_TIME, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina as directed DATE_TIME results summary results immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09778", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09778.jpg", "filename": "data_09778.npz", "report": "78 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 78.9, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. black, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "78 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09783", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "filename": "data_09783.npz", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n", "age": 65.97, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. male referred by PERSON for glaucoma evaluation # glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio os>od - no fh glc - cct 520's - tmax 16 ou, PERSON: wide open to cbb - cups large os>od c/w large DATE_TIME rnfl and gcc full ou but possible relative blunting superiorly os within the green - hvf has been unreliable: in DATE_TIME, possible LOCATION, DATE_TIME, cloverleaf ou # nuclear and cortical cataract ou - c/o DATE_TIME driving - bcva od: 20/20; os: 20/25 - pt ed, will monitor # hyperopia ou with presbyopia - per dr jiang # posterior vitreous detachment os - rd precautions plan DATE_TIME reassuring findings, reviewed with patient - monitor off drops - monitor os for progression in the green DATE_TIME iop hvf ou with careful coaching during hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09785", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "filename": "data_09785.npz", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 60.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "we discussed pxf, cataracts, and their connection (see above). -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09787", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "filename": "data_09787.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids.", "age": 77.99, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma eval (cct, gonio, hvf 24-2, and oct rnfl). *pt reports that right eye has much more difficult to control pressures *he is here for a second opinion after losing vision right eye in DATE_TIME after a tube shunt surgery. however, his intraocular pressure 'hovers around 28-29' per pt so it is likely that the glaucoma took his vision. *he has not seen a glaucoma doctor for DATE_TIME since his last surgery in DATE_TIME. this is likely why he has been on pf bid ou steroids for DATE_TIME. stop pred LOCATION bid ou *has been using over DATE_TIME continue simbrinza bid ou start latanoprost qhs both eyes last dilated exam: next visit DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: next visit return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with gvf right eye, dfe, and dilated optical coherence tomography mac, and disc photos *sent message to PERSON to get his prior notes from dr. PERSON in PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09788", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "filename": "data_09788.npz", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected.", "age": 73.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 yo f here for fu having migraines with aura. noticing r eye blurriness. referred by son in law (PERSON) pmhx: psoriasis, crohn's (not active) sees a doctor in ct #s/p ce/pciol os, zcb00 +22.0 DATE_TIME # s/p cataract extraction/iol od DATE_TIME - noticing progressive blurring - pco could be contributing - schedule yag cap #opacification of the posterior capsule discussed opc and that it is the cause of decrease vision and lifestyle complaint. risks benefits and alternatives of surgery discussed with the patient. risk of floaters, retinal detachment and retinal swelling discussed with patient. fu DATE_TIME post yag. #dry eye ou with mgd/reduced tf not using omega 3 fa, restasis or systane currently restart systane 2-3x/day ou, hc bid, omega-3 fa can add restasis back if dry eye not improved # dry amd ou very mild rpe mottling on exam - continue areds2 oct no edema #glaucoma suspect with mild increased c/d -oct DATE_TIME without thinning -hvf DATE_TIME poor reliability due to high fl mod depression inferiorly od; nonspecific changes os -overall does not correlate with oct although one wedge of mod thinning od sn which has improved since last test will repeat hvf od after yag #eczema on lids and face NRP dermatologist # migraines with aura - having DATE_TIME verapamil, which has decreased episodes - mri/mra brain normal per pt (ordered by neuro) - following with milford neurology - dr. PERSON. has f/u in DATE_TIME. schedule yag cap od repeat hvf od after yag", "gpt4_summary": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09799", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09799.jpg", "filename": "data_09799.npz", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances.", "age": 63.92, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "refraction (auto) sphere cylinder axis right LOCATION -0.50 095 left +1.75 -1.00 095 assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 22 / 21 central corneal thickness: 603 / 594 gonioscopy: (b)d20p 1+, no pas ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 63 y.o. female referred by dr. PERSON for narrow angles # anatomic narrow angle/primary angle closure suspect, both eyes # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, right > left eye - iop acceptable ou, angles borderline - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate with tropicamide 0.5% # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09800", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "filename": "data_09800.npz", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found.", "age": 61.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "color fundus photography - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina, optic disc; rnfl, gcc, 5 line raster condition list as of DATE_TIME asthma depressive disorder type 2 diabetes mellitus gastroesophageal reflux disease hypertensive disorder ankle pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09802", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "filename": "data_09802.npz", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 82.8, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "82 y.o. male\u00ffretired dentist, here for follow up: very difficult slit lamp exam, severe neck problems, cannot reach slit lamp for more than DATE_TIME at a time. \u00ff 1. type ii dm no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. patient was advised to maintain tight blood sugar and blood pressure control. mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the past. follow-up with pcp for glycemic control. 2. nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, not very visually significant observation for now ?? 3. pseudophakia od iol stable, capsule clear ? 4. pigment macular changes os not visually significant monitor amsler grid DATE_TIME drusen ou rec: - refer to retina \u00ff\u00ff 5. blepharitis ou warm compresses, lid hygiene with baby shampoo bid, use at prn for symptoms of dry eye. 6. posterior vitreous detachment os ?retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows? 7. ocular hypertension ou iop DATE_TIME: 20/22 iop DATE_TIME: 24/25 (22/24 measured by me) iop DATE_TIME: 19/19 (applanation by me) iop DATE_TIME: 21/22 oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: inferior central scotoma ou, borderline reliability optic nerves look ok cont latanoprost qhs ou", "gpt4_summary": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09804", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09804.jpg", "filename": "data_09804.npz", "report": "The patient shows no symptoms of infection or comorbidities during a pre-visit screening. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 49.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows no symptoms of infection or comorbidities during a pre-visit screening. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09806", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "filename": "data_09806.npz", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS.", "age": 62.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "62 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks vernal irritation with pollen. \u00ff 1. incr'd c/d ou (borderline elevated iop but thick corneas) -tmax 22/22. cct DATE_TIME (thick). no fhx glaucoma gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou (enlarged bs os) hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou >> will follow. \u00ff 2. history of dry eyes and allergic conjunctivitis -stopped wearing ctl due to dryness -symptoms now well controlled -also uses opcon-a sparingly >> continue using systane qday prn >> advised zaditor for itching (instead of opcon-a) \u00ff 3. pvd os maintain rd precautions \u00ff 4. choroidal nevus os -updated rx DATE_TIME DATE_TIME as backup (prefers LOCATION) LOCATION pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09807", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09807.jpg", "filename": "data_09807.npz", "report": "51 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. No procedures listed.", "age": 51.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 51 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. No procedures listed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09809", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "filename": "data_09809.npz", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy.", "age": 87.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "still works for an insurance company. his children went to harvard undergraduate. his daughter is a dermatologist. he had a fall while golfing in LOCATION; he also had a car accident on DATE_TIME, and he doesn't drive anymore. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal ou on DATE_TIME on PERSON. -continue PERSON => rx sent to pharmacy on DATE_TIME. -start brimonidine bid ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: he may have hvf defects that correspond to onh appearance/oct rnfl, and he is monocular. his iop is borderline at 21 mmhg. i recommended therapy ou to lower iop. pros/cons discussed in detail including possibility of permanent eye color change; patient elected to pursue topical therapy. i also recommended bp medications be taken in DATE_TIME (if pcp thinks it is safe). he denied snoring or sleep apnea s/sx on a consistent basis. -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilation, oct rnfl/gcc, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09812", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "filename": "data_09812.npz", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od).", "age": 69.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "69 yo woman with history of htn, hypothyroidism, bipolar disorder new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME. has been followed by PERSON PERSON. reports that vision has been gradually declining vision at all distances ou over DATE_TIME. 1. cataract ou - likely slightly contributing to decline in vision, vision worsens by a few lines with bat, however myopic degeneration and glaucoma likely more contributory >> mrx DATE_TIME in polycarbonates >> will refer for consideration of combined glaucoma/cataract surgery in future 2. glaucoma (c/d os>od), high risk tmax 16/16 uncle with glaucoma, but also had corneal transplant DATE_TIME: is thinning ou, myopic nerve hvf DATE_TIME: od global depression. PERSON, scattered superior losses >> DATE_TIME: hvf and onh concerning, never had LOCATION will start latanoprost ou qhs (practiced PERSON admin in clinic). glaucoma referral 3. myopic degeneration od>os, staphyloma ou, central macular schisis os se od -15.75 and os -12.50 oct macula DATE_TIME: od: myopic appearance, loss of foveal contour, flat, os: temporal macular retinoschsis >> retina evaluation 4. dermatochalasis ou > observe k PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09814", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "filename": "data_09814.npz", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 54.72, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "optic papillitis and outer retinitis of unclear etiology. during the workup she was found to have abnormal spinal fluid which in retrospect may have been related to the myxopapillary ependymoma which became symptomatic as the prednisone was tapered. DATE_TIME on exam the acuities are 20/20 od (distance) and 20/20 os (near). there is no dyschromatopsia or relative apd. visual field testing shows a new inferior nasal constriction od; os there is central and inferior depression with a deep paracentral defect supratemporally. overall the left visual field is stable. the right optic nerve and retina were previously normal, but DATE_TIME there is mild hyperemic disc swelling with peripapillary retinal folds, and numerous deep white retinal lesions in the macula and periphery sparing nasally. in the left eye there is resolved edema with sectoral temporal disc atrophy and nfl loss in the inferior macula. i did not appreciate the prior seen deep retinal lesions in the left eye. ms. PERSON now has PERSON and likely inflammatory outer retinal/choroidal lesions in the right eye. it is likely to be an inflammatory process, and it is unclear if it is related to the ependymoma. i started her on prednisone 60 mg DATE_TIME to take until she sees dr. LOCATION DATE_TIME. she does not want systemic steroids but was willing to consider a periocular injection until other non-steroidal immune modulating therapy becomes effective. \u00ff plan: 1. prednisone 60 mg DATE_TIME. dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. PERSON, LOCATION. \u00ff \u00ff note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09817", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "filename": "data_09817.npz", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention.", "age": 33.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "34 y/o male physician at boston healthcare for the homeless. presents here DATE_TIME for iop check and repeat hvf. last seen on DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exam and cl exam. \u00ff assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect ou enlarged c/d ratio ou. iop mid teens. no known fhx of glaucoma. no hx of long-term steroid use. cct DATE_TIME: 537/541 gonio DATE_TIME: open ou oct-rnfl DATE_TIME: normal od, borderline focal thinning superiorly os DATE_TIME: borderline focal thinning superiorly ou DATE_TIME: borderline focal thinning superiorly ou hvf DATE_TIME: essentially full ou DATE_TIME: essentially full ou iop DATE_TIME 14/14. no indication for intervention at present. continue to monitor at this time. 2. myopia, astigmatism ou latest refraction on DATE_TIME. only had minor rx changes. specs rx dispensed in case new glasses wanted, but not necessary. 3. soft contact lens wearer no need for toric correction. cl rx last dispensed on DATE_TIME for PERSON oasys hydraluxe DATE_TIME. 4. hx of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis takes PERSON and uses PERSON prn. doing fine at the moment. 5. PERSON ou mild overall. currently asymptomatic. no longer doing warm compresses or lid hygiene/scrubs. 6. choroidal PERSON. stable benign appearance per latest dfe on DATE_TIME. management/plan: reviewed proper cl hygiene/care including avoiding sleeping/swimming/showering in lenses and discarding them DATE_TIME after each use. continue zaditor bid ou and PERSON prn for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis. recommended warm compresses, lid hygiene/scrubs, and artificial tears prn for ocular comfort. return in DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME comprehensive eye exam, cl exam, and repeat DATE_TIME. rtc sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09823", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "filename": "data_09823.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning.", "age": 57.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. normal tension glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc ratio ou: pachymetry 540 ou outside record, pressure has always been in normal range per patient, ok today too, + fh: father with glaucoma on multiple gtt, +history of ocular migraine. visual field DATE_TIME reliable but shows a new inferior defect os, oct imaging shows borderline thinning inferior and superior od and thinning sup os. this corresponds to the visual field test DATE_TIME. -repeat humphrey visual field DATE_TIME is normal od, nonspecific defect os - continue monitoring without drops - follow up in DATE_TIME with rnfl oct dfe: 2/16 vf: 5/16 oct: 2/16 gonio: 4/11 tmax: ?17 ou cct: 540 ou fhx: yes 2. contact wearer: stopped using them due to discomfort, ahppy with just glasses now 3. refractive: sl change - rx given for new glasses 3. corneal scars ou: benign, look like PERSON's nodules - lid hygiene 4. lattice os: benign, no frank breaks - retinal detachment warnings 5. ptosis ou: stable, does not wish for surgical correction at this time - observe", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09825", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09825.jpg", "filename": "data_09825.npz", "report": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss.", "age": 83.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "to whom it may concern, i am writing to obtain prior authorization for my patient PERSON (dob DATE_TIME) for netarsudil 0.02% (rhopressa) eye drops. as you know this patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. this patient's glaucoma is sub-optimally controlled despite already being on maximum other glaucoma medications including the following: - timolol 0.5%/dorzolamide 2% (cosopt) - brimonidine 0.2% they have allergies or have failed the following medications: - latanoprost 0.005% (xalatan) the patient has tried a sample of netarsudil 0.02% (rhopressa) in both eyes, which has improved their intraocular pressure control and in my professional opinion, prevented vision loss. PERSON is at risk of losing more vision and becoming blind if their condition is not well controlled. i urge you to authorize netarsudil 0.02% (rhopressa) eye drops as soon as possible. if they cannot obtain these medications, the next step for them is to undergo additional eye surgery, which has been shown to be not only extremely costly to the health care system but also not ideal for their clinical care. thank you for your understanding. please feel free to contact me for any questions. sincerely, PERSONLOCATION, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09831", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "filename": "data_09831.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma.", "age": 39.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "e/o pdr - oct mac DATE_TIME: perifoveal cystic fluid od, retinal thinning ou >> maintain good glucose, bp, cholesterol control # cataract ou - very mild, early - given hx of ppv, will monitor more closely # glaucoma suspect - based on c/d - glaucoma meds: timolol qam ou - fhx: none - glauc drug allergies: none - iop 15/14 - tmax (DATE_TIME) 16/30 - gonio (DATE_TIME): open to ss 360 ou, no nvi/nva - pachy (DATE_TIME): 595/564 - hx eye surg or lasers: s/p ppv ou, PERSON ou hvf DATE_TIME: reliable od only, od sup nasal and other focal defects; os unable hvf DATE_TIME: mod reliable od, reliable os; od w nonspecific periph changes, os w inferior > sup nasal step DATE_TIME: od thinning sup and PERSON, os poor scan 2/2 vit heme DATE_TIME: od thinning sup and PERSON, os thinning sup (worsened on this scan) DATE_TIME: od thinning sup, os borderline thinning sup >> stable changes on hvf and oct rnfl (mild fluctuation test to test). may be 2/2 laser and dmi >> continue timolol qam ou. # refractive error/myopia >> mrx provided rtc 6 mo dilate mrx oct rnfl (hvf os only if vision improved) PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09836", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09836.jpg", "filename": "data_09836.npz", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications.", "age": 72.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72 y.o. male referred from PERSON for nvg os 1. mixed-mechanism glaucoma, severe stage, left eye (nvg/pds - possibly confounded by crao os/naion ou) - nvi/nva on exam DATE_TIME - iop controlled on drops but was high DATE_TIME - avastin injection requested by glaucoma - r/b/a discussed with patient, will proceed with avastin injection discussed follow up plan with dr. PERSON - he will see this patient in DATE_TIME and refer back to us if needed. rossin vitreoretinal procedure note date: PERSON pre op diagnosis: 1. neovascular glaucoma os post-op diagnosis: same provider: PERSON procedure: 1. intravitreal injection os avastin anesthesia: 1. topical 0.5% proparacaine 2. subconjunctival 2% lidocaine complications: none procedure: after the risks, benefits, alternatives and techniques were discussed with the patient, all questions were answered and informed consent was signed. proparacaine was instilled onto the ocular surface followed by 4% topical lidocaine on cotton tip then by subconjunctival 2% lidocaine. the eye was prepped in the usual fashion for this procedure. once analgesia was achieved a lid speculum was placed. calipers were used to mark 3.5 mm posterior to the limbus at DATE_TIME. a drop of povidone was placed on the surface. a 30 guage needle was used to inject PERSON intravitreally. speculum was removed and additional gatifloxicin was applied. vision was lp and the optic nerve perfused. the patient tolerated the procedure well and there were no complications. ? rd precautions reviewed.?? ? patient was discharged home in stable condition, they will follow up DATE_TIME in clinic PERSON, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09839", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "filename": "data_09839.npz", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently.", "age": 31.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "female presenting for evaluation of elevated iop. referred by optometrist. currently DATE_TIME pregnant. psychologist, husband is a neonatology fellow at bch 1. ocular hypertension -referred by optometrist, reportedly 'elevated iop x DATE_TIME, low DATE_TIME. -family history of glaucoma (maternal uncle) -open on gonio todau ou DATE_TIME -iop 19/20 on PERSON: true iop is lower than measured hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou oct DATE_TIME: borderline inferior od, otherwise normal -no need for iop lowering medication at this time -recommend DATE_TIME monitoring with hvf, DATE_TIME. refractive error -wears contacts and glasses alternating. -mrx given defer dilation DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME pregnant liebman pgy3 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09840", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "filename": "data_09840.npz", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned.", "age": 58.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "katz) as a risk factor for naion. unrelated to the above, i also found anisocoria, which is probably a 'tonic' pupil given the sectoral palsy observed with slit lamp evaluation. the patient already had a thorough work up to rule out giant cell arteritis, inflammatory and infectious processes including sarcoidosis and syphilis and malignancies which reinforces the likelihood of this being consistent with naion. the acute and sequential nature of visual loss also favors this hypothesis. in this context, i would not suggest any further investigation. the decision of continuing the systemic corticosteroids will be discussed with URLllery, as he is the primary neuro-ophthalmologist on this case. i referred the patient for vision rehabilitation and emphasized the importance of ocular protection. she will continue her follow up with URLllery and neurology and i will be pleased to see her again if needed. impression: 1. severe sequential naion with atypical features 2. bilateral choroidal folds os > od - likely related to moderate hyperopia 3. choroidal nevus os - no signs suspicious for malignancy 4. anisocoria os > od - ?tonic pupil recommendations: 1. referral to vision rehabilitation 2. systemic corticosteroids per URLllery and neurology 3. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination with URLllery this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. i spent DATE_TIME with this patient, reviewing her history and exam and the results of multiple tests. considerable time also was given for discussion of management.) *hayreh PERSON and PERSON, incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, ophthalmology", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09841", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "filename": "data_09841.npz", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery.", "age": 85.72, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "previously seen at boston medical center. her son recently moved to providence. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye (note thin ccts). -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, left eye (note thin ccts). -advanced disease ou with central islands remaining os>od. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on PERSON, brimonidine tid od, latanoprost qhs ou, and s/p phaco/bgi ou (open ou). -continue PERSON. -continue brimonidine tid od. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient and daughter-in-law on DATE_TIME: given great PERSON ou and numerous post-operative visits related to od, patient wishes to wait for phaco/bgi os. patient is aware that she will need surgery os at some point, and i will strongly recommend it if iop above goal os or any further progression. -mrx given by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. patient may need yag cap od in the future. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: we proceeded with phaco/bgi os on DATE_TIME given great iop on less medication od and iop above goal os. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 10-2 od (with coaching), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if hvf worsens any further od, strongly consider rhopressa qhs od/os and lowering goal to 08 mmhg od/os. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09845", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "filename": "data_09845.npz", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service.", "age": 63.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 y.o. male with PERSON patient of dr. PERSON (PERSON) previously seen in LOCATION ew in DATE_TIME but no followup until DATE_TIME then saw dr. PERSON (had prp), and then tallman eye associates (anti-vegf) proliferative diabetic retinopathy ou without macular edema pdr od with ncvh s/p 27g ppv/ el/ fax DATE_TIME (ekim/ yy) -va much improved to 20/25 \u00ff new vh os DATE_TIME - recommend more laser - rba discussed, pt requests for us to proceed treatment schedule os DATE_TIME pascal prp os DATE_TIME indirect prp os DATE_TIME indirect prp os erm od good visual acuity, observe for now cataract ou - observe \u00ff refractive error - per dr. PERSON combigan bid od and dorzolamide bid od - referral to glaucoma service\u00ff\u00ff plan: - keep head elevated - bs/bp control emphasized - indirect prp DATE_TIME os - repeat in DATE_TIME PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09846", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "filename": "data_09846.npz", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit.", "age": 59.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "work for her. will refract her at next visit. start latanoprost daily both eyes last dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: none return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME for wrx/arx/mrx, dfe and intraocular pressure check on ltn, please check intraocular pressure with both ora and gat before dilation, thank you. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09848", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "filename": "data_09848.npz", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided.", "age": 76.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "76 f for f/u of glaucoma. last visit here with me was in DATE_TIME. saw an ophthalmologist while in LOCATION in DATE_TIME. reports that she was given bimatoprost to use while there instead of latanoprost but she is back on latanoprost now. # pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, left eye. faint pseudoexfoliation material is noted for the first time DATE_TIME. # hx of narrow angles, left eye, s/p laser peripheral iridotomy (DATE_TIME PERSON). iridotomy is patent and angle is reasonably open. [ oct DATE_TIME: full od, sup/inf thinning os (stable) [ hvf DATE_TIME: suspicious for superonasal defect od, consistent inferior arc os (similar to before) - iop appears acceptable DATE_TIME. continue latanoprost os qhs. - discussed risk of glaucoma, accelerated cataract progression, and complications during cataract surgery. # cataract, left > right eye. borderline visually significant, particularly on glare testing in the left eye. - discussed elective cataract surgery. pt is not interested at this time and feels vision is currently adequate for functional needs. - continue to monitor. - pt would like to update glasses. discussed that vision will be limited by cataract even with new glasses. # dry eye syndrome, mild. - artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). # epiretinal membrane, left eye, not visually significant. # old posterior vitreous detachment, left eye. no retinal breaks seen. - monitor; return for new symptoms. # refractive error, some change from previous, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09851", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "filename": "data_09851.npz", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye.", "age": 79.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "-oct DATE_TIME: normal foveal contour -oct DATE_TIME: os early lamellar hole, no cysts, stable. -oct DATE_TIME: os early lamellar hole, no cystic changes--> very mild clinically, observe >> recommended by outside ophthalmologist to take ocuvites >> discussed not indicated DATE_TIME and has stopped taking them -patient noticing more blurry vision os when trying to reading captions on tv, fine with glasses on but didn't have to use them before DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od tr erm nasally. os tr erm, tr irreg contour. no cme \u00ff 4. des ou >> has not been using at \u00ff 5. retinal hemorrhage od superior periphery on exam DATE_TIME, resolved -maintain htn control", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09852", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "filename": "data_09852.npz", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving.", "age": 63.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 yro female 1. myopia astigmatism ou with presbyopia - small change in ou; ok to continue current glasses - new rx=mrx given to pt 2. glaucoma suspect secondary to asymmetry c/d od>os - negative f/h - iop DATE_TIME: 12/12 - c/d ratio: od: 0.60; os: 0.40 - cct: DATE_TIME nfl in DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: PERSON oct gcc: normal ou - hvf on DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: full ou - pt edu, will monitor DATE_TIME. nuclear cataract ou - pt c/o halos, difficulty driving at DATE_TIME - discuss cataract surgery vs observe, will observe - monitor DATE_TIME. mgd/des ou - continue at's bid and gel qhs ou - warm compresses qd 5. h/o hemorrhagic pvd w/ operculated holes os, s/p laser DATE_TIME; trace erm os - stable - continue to f/u with dr. PERSON as instructed *deferred dilation DATE_TIME because she was dilated by dr. PERSON DATE_TIME; pt has no flashing light; no changes on floaters. pt understands.", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09854", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "filename": "data_09854.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed.", "age": 72.15, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# NRP, os>od prev seen PERSON could not tolerate lumigan, travatan and LOCATION h/o head trauma and PERSON; + steroids for asthma last use DATE_TIME ; +gm with glaucoma no prior surgery/lasers ttarget: / , tmax: 21 / 22 per pt cct: 515, 515, 515 / 484, 484, 484 gonioscopy: ptm/ss ou rnfl oct nml od, diffuse loss of rnfl and gcc os vf nml od, nasal defect os (only prior test from DATE_TIME) plan: based on level of damage , tmax and cct, target os should be at least 15 , if not lower od target 18 discussed options of adding drops vs slt -- he would like to proceed with slt os will schedule if delayed should see me in 3 mths for repeat vf and dilation ou cont travatan os for now corkscrew vessels ou, h/o head trauma, however low suspicion for cc fistula as bilateral, no blood in sc on gonio and iop symmetric discussed with patient, will monitor diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09858", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "filename": "data_09858.npz", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted.", "age": 50.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "chwalisz/dr. cestari for neuro-ophthalmic care. 6. social/systemic issues: prior patient of dr. PERSON's and dr. PERSON's (she chose to transfer care to dr. sol ); her name is gaelic. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 18 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 18 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -restart brimonidine bid ou. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON/dr. PERSON for neuro-ophthalmic care => patient is very anxious about her neurologic symptoms, so i messaged dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME to see if his appointment could be moved up. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care/optometry needs. -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check, pachymetry, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider slt if adherence to medication is an issue.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09863", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09863.jpg", "filename": "data_09863.npz", "report": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 58.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 y.o. referred by dr. PERSON md (berkshire medical center) hx of PERSON ou, in LOCATION DATE_TIME - no ectasia congenital cataracts ou - central anterior subcapsular cataracts - os with traumatic cataract as well - complains of poor distance vision, however, he is only using contact in the right eye. would correct both eyes for distance and reevaluate in DATE_TIME hx of injury to os at DATE_TIME, hit with a chunk of ice - had patch, possibly had hyphema, developed cataract - has 2-3 quadrants of angle recession nasally - iop at 26 ou ocular hypertension ou - iop 26 ou - gonio od open os angle recession nasally - cct DATE_TIME od wnl os borderline thin sup - hvf DATE_TIME essentially full ou > observe reevaluate in DATE_TIME mrx, bat dilate", "gpt4_summary": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09868", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09868.jpg", "filename": "data_09868.npz", "report": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate.", "age": 78.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "md glaucoma fellow PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09871", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "filename": "data_09871.npz", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended.", "age": 82.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "82 yo female from krimea, here for follow-up, iop check, hvf, DATE_TIME. pseudophakia os doing well, happy with vision says she sees better when she tilts her glasses but does not want to be refracted DATE_TIME. PERSON (done in LOCATION) visual axis clear 3. age-related macular degeneration dry changes DATE_TIME: no fluid monitor 4. large c/d ratio osPERSON, but has progression of central defect os tmax 20/19 pachy 523/517, true iop higher than measured hvf DATE_TIME: dense inferior paracentral scotoma and possibly early superior arcuate defect os od with mild inferior nasal changes hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable od, superior defect os not very reliable, dense paracentral scotoma, superior and inferior defects hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os with worsening central defect hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os with worsening inferior and early sup arcuate defect oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od inf thinning, os sup and PERSON thinning DATE_TIME: stable (volumes a little worse) oct rnfl DATE_TIME: stable taking latanoprost, LOCATION and brimonidine ou iop 16/17 DATE_TIME rec: - cont same drops, increase brimonidine to tid - refer to glaucoma for consideration of surgery os 5. thyroid disease prominent globes, lid retraction no diplopia hertel DATE_TIME base 97, 23mm ou", "gpt4_summary": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09872", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "filename": "data_09872.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure.", "age": 62.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, followed at boston eyecare consultants diagnosis: glaucoma suspect, followed in falmouth, borderline vf left eye target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 (per patient) / 26.2 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 661 / 660 gonioscopy: open refractive error: od LOCATION. -2.50. 100 / os -3.25. -1.75. 085 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: healthy optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: healthy visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: epiretinal membrane other eye problems left eye: epiretinal membrane family history: steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: colon ca DATE_TIME initial plan: slightly large cdr, has been monitored for DATE_TIME. PERSON. intraocular pressure left eye often higher than right eye plan: stable, check DATE_TIME, early cataracts. left eye tends to run higher, low threshold to treat return to clinic DATE_TIME, testing and dilation i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09873", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "filename": "data_09873.npz", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam.", "age": 24.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "my read does not show a cause of intracranial hypertension. they are not on any typical inciting medications but we have seen patients that in the setting of hormonal changes related to gender conversion (in this case using testosterone pellets recently) have iih. we will await a formal read on mri/mrv and also recommend obtaining an lp to check csf constituents and get an opening pressure. we prescibed diamox for the patient to start. we will have her return to neuro-oph clinic in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension recommendations: 1. continue acetazolamide 500mg 2x/day 2. continue weight loss efforts with end goal of 6-10% of current body weight lost through low salt diet and increased physical activity 3. follow up neuro-ophthalmology exam DATE_TIME. lumbar puncture with opening pressure and standard labs (glucose, protein, cell count/differential, gram stain and culture) - please obtain at Institution before patient is discharged. please get opening pressure in lateral decubitus position. 2. start 500mg 2x/day acetazolamide - rx sent 3. weight loss with end goal of 6-10% of current body weight lost through low salt diet and increased physical activity 4. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09876", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09876.jpg", "filename": "data_09876.npz", "report": "The clinical note did not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's case involves a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems. Management and treatment options are being discussed with the attending doctors.", "age": 34.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); mri brain and orbits and mrv 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. sokol/dr. PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note did not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's case involves a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems. Management and treatment options are being discussed with the attending doctors.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09877", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "filename": "data_09877.npz", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed.", "age": 55.92, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME PERSON, md, mph 440 LOCATION DATE_TIME PERSON patient: PERSON mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME i saw our mutual patient, PERSON, for a follow-up eye examination. please find below a summary of the examination, assessment, and plan. thank you for allowing me to participate in this patient's care. 55 f hx htn, dm, LOCATION. works at spaulding last a1c 9.60 on DATE_TIME has had DATE_TIME of eye soreness and irritation in the lateral canthus of the right eye # capped PERSON vs early chalazion, r upper eyelid - discussed warm compresses and lid massage # no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. # cataract, both eyes. minimal and not visually significant in both eyes. - continue to monitor. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, right > left eye [ fhx: unknown [ cct: 524,515 [ DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # conjunctival melanosis, both eyes. appears benign. - photos taken previously # dry eye syndrome, mild. - artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). # refractive error, minimal change from previous, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year with hvf/oct/dilation, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to contact me sincerely, PERSON: no recipients", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09882", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "filename": "data_09882.npz", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 70.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "and otherwise good afferent visual function, and normal posterior poles. there is also a small exophoria at near (convergence insufficiency pattern). to external palpation, there is: mild tenderness over the right eye and right external temporalis tendon, and significant tenderness over the right greater & lesser occipital nerve my overall impression is that the right eye pain is likely referred from the neck vs cervicogenic occipital neuralgia. however, should a connection to her systemic inflammatory disease become established, i would advocate for initiating systemic immune suppression. my plan is: - trial of occipital nerve block - defer trial of neuropathic pain medicine for now - defer immunomodulatory therapy for now we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09883", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09883.jpg", "filename": "data_09883.npz", "report": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "currently # choroidal nevus, right eye - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor # s/p bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty (dr. PERSON at tufts) - monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09884", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09884.jpg", "filename": "data_09884.npz", "report": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.21, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "artificial tears/ointments artificial tears, which you can get without a prescription, will often help relieve eye irritation associated with blepharitis. use the drops 4 to 6 times a day unless your doctor instructs otherwise. you can also use artificial tear ointments at bedtime. drops: any brand is okay. examples that i like include: refresh or systane ointments: any brand is okay. examples that i like include refresh pm, PERSON, or genteal warm compresses: twice a day for a month, then once a day if you have a warm pack: 1. wash your hands. 2. heat the warm pack until quite warm but not burning. 3. wrap the warm pack in a paper towel and set on the bones around your eyes with your lids closed. keep the pack on for DATE_TIME. you will probably not need to reheat it. 4. wash your lids gently with warm water. if you do not have a warm pack: 1. wash your hands. 2. heat up a clean washcloth using very warm tap water. 3. wring out the washcloth and hold it over your closed lids until it cools. 4. repeat until you have had a warm washcloth over your lids for DATE_TIME. 5. wash your lids gently with warm water. lid scrubs 1. in the shower, use johnson+johnson baby shampoo to wash eyelids and eyelashes 2. avoid getting shampoo in your eye", "gpt4_summary": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09886", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "filename": "data_09886.npz", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant.", "age": 58.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "58 y.o. woman presents for follow-up # vitreous PERSON - symptoms in DATE_TIME which she described as new 'shadow, like when drops fall down near your eyes when it's raining' followed by flashes of light in the temporal field of vision (like a mirror moving in the temporal field of vision). also noted pressure like sensation around the eye. -in ew exam, weiss ring was not seen and these were thought to be possibly 2/2 ocular migraines. - no weiss ring present on exam DATE_TIME. - no evidence of holes, tears, or detachment. PERSON's sign negative on last dfe - floaters and flashes since resolved >retinal detachment warning signs discussed with patient. # glaucoma suspect by cup/disk ratio: - no history of trauma - no family history - normal iop DATE_TIME DATE_TIME - cct 566/581 (DATE_TIME) - od>os -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: sup thinning od, focal borderline sup/temp thinning os -hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou >continue to monitor off drops given excellent iop and thick corneas # myopic astigmatism: - updated mrx given previously # mild-age related cataracts: - not visually significant, ctm #ocular migraine, od? - visual symptoms attributed to ocular migraine in past. possibly consistent with vitreous syneresis as above but unusual to have periocular pressure pain. - no repeat episodes after. # fevers of unknown etiology: follows with rheumatology. fu DATE_TIME, oct PERSON, PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09890", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "filename": "data_09890.npz", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration.", "age": 84.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "83 y.o. m \u00ff son PERSON referred by PERSON for glaucoma monitoring np to me DATE_TIME \u00ff # glaucoma suspect, high risk, due to c/d asymmetry od>os, possible dh od DATE_TIME tmax 23/21 (28 os pod#1). cct DATE_TIME. no known fhx (parents lived in small village, minimal health care) gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360 od and os oct : overall full, slightborderline sup thinning od>os hvf : DATE_TIME, grossly full with paracentral depressions od; DATE_TIME poor reliability but possible progression of inferior depressions od \u00ff goal iop high teens ou - again, not at goal, has not taken ltn for DATE_TIME. we discussed the importance of lowering the iop to goal, given that hvf appears worse DATE_TIME. \u00ff # pseudophakia ou (dr PERSON) s/p phaco/pciol ou (DATE_TIME od and DATE_TIME os), trace ifis - happy with vision, using otcs \u00ff # hx hst od s/p laser PERSON (PERSON) DATE_TIME s/p hemorrhagic pvd od DATE_TIME - retina attached - rd precautions reviewed \u00ff # amd ou - intermediate dry od with rpd - wet os, type ii cnvm - getting injections os with PERSON, last DATE_TIME \u00ff \u00ff plan resume PERSON emphasized and progression on hvf reviewed with patient. new rx sent in. DATE_TIME dilate oct rnfl gcc \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09892", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "filename": "data_09892.npz", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation.", "age": 49.2, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male pt works at LOCATION symphony orchestra glaucoma suspect risks include: myopia, c/d asym, inferior gcl lost and superior arcuate change on hvf iop 16/16. tcorr -3 ou oct rnfl thin ou. PERSON but myopic hvf 24-2: watch supero-temporal od denies steroid use normal bp, thyroid and normal testing per patient prior treatment for hepc denies transfusion and prior trauma refer to glaucoma for evaluation myopia with presbyopia ou pt notes that he has to take glasses to see up close, phone, computer his current glasses hurt his eyes optional rx dispensed pt reports he experiences eye strain when playing nintendo switch (video game) as a handheld whether or not while wearing glasses. when playing on the tv, pt does not experience eye strain. warned of PERSON dry eye ou gave pt dry eye handout recommend at's prn avoid heat/rubbing avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' pt admits to using visine prn ou DATE_TIME -- advised pt to avoid using this f/u with glaucoma, next available.", "gpt4_summary": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09895", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09895.jpg", "filename": "data_09895.npz", "report": "The clinical note describes an 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 84.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 84 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note describes an 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09898", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "filename": "data_09898.npz", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis.", "age": 60.76, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIME. female \u00ff # diabetes mellitus type 2 -no retinopathy >importance of blood glucose, bp, and lipid control emphasized with patient \u00ff \u00ff# incipient cataract ou -not visually significant >observe \u00ff \u00ff # optic disc cupping ou - iop 15/16 - cct 492/490 - no family hx - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline changes ou, stable - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou >monitor # ptosis rul> lul - feels eyes get droopy at DATE_TIME fatigable ptosis > not very bothersome to patient so she opted to observe rtc 1 year: oct rnfl + gca", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09901", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "filename": "data_09901.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye.", "age": 80.31, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: poag ou, on dorzolamide ou bid; iop elevation to 27 od DATE_TIME; angles open; mild hvf progression ou, stable oct of rnfl ou cataract os PERSON error plan: cpm add xalatan ou qhs (has asthma--no beta blocker; will use LOCATION rather than PERSON=m glasses consult with glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09902", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09902.jpg", "filename": "data_09902.npz", "report": "The patient had an intraocular pressure check and various eye examinations. No explicit mention of glaucoma was made in the note.", "age": 70.28, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx ou, bat os, optical biometry ou, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had an intraocular pressure check and various eye examinations. No explicit mention of glaucoma was made in the note.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09905", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "filename": "data_09905.npz", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd.", "age": 82.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "82 y.o. f referred by ew for elevated iop od accompanied by her adult children, PERSON (daughter) and scott - leigh has meniere's and is on diamox # poag ou, severe od, mild os, with uncontrolled iop od on mmt - tmax in recent chart history is 54/28 on DATE_TIME 25/12 on mmt including methazolamide, tolerating PERSON well (more so than diamox) - no fh glaucoma - gonio open with no pas - cct pending - refraction pending diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. d/w patient, would benefit from sugical iop lowering, would recommend phaco-PERSON/- anti-vegf at time of surgery r/b/a to surgery including but not limited to infection, bleeding, swelling, inflammation, retinal tear/rd, need for meds, need for further procedure, risk of worsening glaucoma despite surgery, hypotony, loss of vision, loss of eye, all d/w patient and all questions answered. written consent obtained. # wet amd ou receiving injections ou (dr. PERSON, notes in epic) last injection od DATE_TIME, od DATE_TIME plan continue mmt: travatan ou qpm PERSON ou bid pilocarpine PERSON 50mg tid po rtc DATE_TIME for arx mrx lenstar and iop retina consult placed - daughter would like to establish care with retina service here for now while glaucoma is being addressed.", "gpt4_summary": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09906", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09906.jpg", "filename": "data_09906.npz", "report": "Patient is a 45-year-old black, non-hispanic male. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Some online enrollment steps are shared.", "age": 45.41, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 45 y.o. black, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a 45-year-old black, non-hispanic male. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Some online enrollment steps are shared.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09912", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09912.jpg", "filename": "data_09912.npz", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage.", "age": 83.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "i think it's fine to go ahead with dmek od, but i warned her that vision may not improve significantly since it may be more limited by her severe glaucoma od. while you're in there, i think it would be a good idea to flush out the residual PERSON using some viscoelastic +/- forceps to grab since the pellet can worsen corneal endothelial health. thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09913", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "filename": "data_09913.npz", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place.", "age": 55.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "55 y.o. female h/o cervicomedullary junction meningioma (found incidentally) 1. poag suspect with strong fh glaucoma (mom with adv stage ntg). tmax 16 ou cct 530,543 hvf full ou dp stable ou oct wnl borderline inf thinning od, wnl os, stable rnfl average thickness ou c/w prior, ganglion cell analysis wnl ou iop controlled observe 2. moderate myopia mrx given doing well with current pals 3. h/o blepharitis/des ll plugs in place, relieved sx of eye pain and burning DATE_TIME, after discussion with patient she wants to leave plugs place for now at prn f/u 1 yr for mrx, PERSON, LOCATION, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09915", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "filename": "data_09915.npz", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON.", "age": 76.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "frequency: bid; directions: not available; details: not available; date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. potassium chloride (klor-con) 10 meq cr tablet take 3 tablets (30 meq total) by mouth DATE_TIME. potassium chloride (klor-con) 10 meq cr tablet take three tablets by mouth once DATE_TIME prochlorperazine (compazine) 10 mg tablet take one tablet by mouth DATE_TIME as needed for nausea propranolol (inderal la) 80 mg 24 hr capsule take 1 capsule (80 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. ranitidine (zantac) 150 mg tablet take 1 tablet (150 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON, vitamin b2, (,vitamin b-2,) 25 mg tab take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. hrishikesh sawant DATE_TIME metal med transfer process sertraline (LOCATION) 25 mg tablet take one tablet by mouth DATE_TIME simvastatin (zocor) 20 mg tablet take one tablet by mouth at bedtime timolol (timoptic-xe) 0.5 % ophthalmic gel-forming place 1 drop into each eye every morning. PERSON (ultram) 50 mg tablet take 2 tablets (100 mg total) by mouth 3 (three) times a day. URL. may request partial fill condition list as of DATE_TIME primary malignant neoplasm of endometrium multiple sclerosis hypertensive disorder hyperlipidemia osteoarthritis diverticular disease osteopenia migraine glaucoma routine general medical examination at a health care facility anxiety heart murmur chronic pain herpes zoster acute upper respiratory infection seborrheic keratosis eczema overweight medicare annual wellness visit, subsequent urinary frequency cerebral infarction results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09919", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "filename": "data_09919.npz", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed.", "age": 71.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "intraocular pressure less than or equal to 21 mmhg, right eye (arbitrarily set). -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye (arbitrarily set). -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -briefly discussed ce/iol on DATE_TIME; patient may book at next visit; phaco/istent or phaco/kdb candidate. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given high iop os, possible progression on oct confirmed os, bat 20/500 os, and c/o decreased vision os, we proceeded with a phaco/ecp/istent os first on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop asymmetry and good response os to phaco/ecp/istent, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/istent od on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider yag capsulotomy os/od when patient is bothered by his vision os/od. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09921", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "filename": "data_09921.npz", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 46.94, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "for reversible causes of optic neuropathies although my suspicion is low. impression: 1. left occipital porencephalic cyst 2. right homonymous hemianopia -secondary to #1 3. bilateral optic atrophy -mostly explained by transynaptic degeneration from #1 -? superimposed temporal vf with correlating rnfl loss os - not expected from #1 -rule out compressive lesion . recommendations: 1. mri brain and orbits c+ c- 2. obtain cbc, lyme, fta, b12, folate, mma, homocystein 3. follow up depending on the results of #1-2. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09923", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "filename": "data_09923.npz", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation.", "age": 46.79, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "46 y.o. male with h/o bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse, neurofibromatosis type 1 - atypical pigmented (mostly episcleral) lesion os eastern NRP descent. nonsmoker no change from prior size measurements or compared to prior photos DATE_TIME >> observe - neurofibromatosis type 1 with non-enhancing t2 hyperintense lesion in genu of corpus callosum suggestive of low-grade glioma followed by dr. PERSON he has had asymmetric proptosis os>od without significant change since DATE_TIME (~3-4mm difference between os and od). no orbital lesions noted on orbital mri DATE_TIME and followup brain PERSON (last DATE_TIME). no evidence of optic neuropathy (stable visual acuity, color vision, and hvf) >> continue to monitor - pigment dispersion syndrome/glaucoma suspect ou tmax: 16/17 cct: 563/562 gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb, 2+ pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou likely full DATE_TIME: ou reliable and full DATE_TIME: od nonspecific superior defects, os full rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON, os thin n DATE_TIME: PERSON, os thin n DATE_TIME: PERSON, os thin n (likely stable from DATE_TIME) disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME previously followed by dr. PERSON then PERSON; no glaucoma at this time though tilted nerves reduce oct reliability. monitor iop (still ok but slightly increased from prior) >> monitor off eyedrops - likely physiologic anisocoria os>od asymmetry similar in light and dark; has been present since first exam here in DATE_TIME >> monitor - h/o herpes zoster ophthalmicus os (DATE_TIME) noted lesions on left nasal bridge and upper lid near brow no ocular involvement at the time >> observe f/up DATE_TIME with mrx, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn discussed q6month followup to monitor iop in setting of pigment dispersion", "gpt4_summary": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09926", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "filename": "data_09926.npz", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more.", "age": 72.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "cod liver oil cap (taking) dose: 1 tbsp; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: not available; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. alendronate (fosamax) 70 mg tablet take 1 tablet (70 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. take in DATE_TIME with a full glass of water, on an empty stomach, and do not take anything else by mouth or lie down for DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION shore physicians group PHONE_NUMBER future orders complete by expires laser iridotomy - od - right eye as directed DATE_TIME laser iridotomy - os - left eye as directed DATE_TIME orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME depressive disorder dyslipidemia smoker hemorrhoids osteoporosis centrilobular emphysema bronchiectasis without complication preventive measure atherosclerotic vascular disease results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09929", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "filename": "data_09929.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines.", "age": 78.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female 1. PERSON, on lumigan and PERSON DATE_TIME, c:d asymmetry od>os - changed from lumigan to latanoprost due to cost; PERSON stopped DATE_TIME to decrease risk of endo toxicity from cai in the setting of fuchs fhx negatives tmax 23 per old records cct 567, 548 (average ou) hvf od left sided inferior defect, dense quadrantanopsia hvf os left sided inferior dense quadrantanopsia, stable c/w (new in DATE_TIME) oct od: wnl oct os: borderline inferior thinning stable ou dp stable iop controlled ou (tgoal mid-upper teens) plan: cpm with latanoprost ou qhs 2. moderate cataract is present that is becoming visually significant. refer to cornea given guttae 3. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on dfe. blood sugar and blood pressure control encouraged. 4. fuchs dystrophy ou cct 567, 548 (average ou), stable (560's in past visit) stable, observe no am blur 5. migraine aura, observe 6. bilateral PERSON left sided PERSON, present on hvf ou from DATE_TIME, new as compared to prior visual field from DATE_TIME pt was hospitalized for high bp (NRP) around that time pt denies neurologic sx except for a bad ha at the time upon further reflection about this time, pt reports word finding difficulty and possible visual hallucinations/flashing in her vision pt had ct scan in hospital and mri which she reports were normal. letter to pcp f/u 6 months va and iop ou letter to PERSON. PERSON (cardiology)", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09931", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09931.jpg", "filename": "data_09931.npz", "report": "The note is regarding an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment. There is no specific mention of glaucoma in the note. The patient is advised about possible effects of pupil dilation.", "age": 75.62, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON dear mr. PERSON a grass: we thank you for choosing Institution for your care and we look forward to welcoming you for your appointment on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON. our neuro-ophthalmology suite is located on the 9th floor of the Institution. we ask patients to allow DATE_TIME for a first appointment. if you have any questions or concerns, please contact our office at PHONE_NUMBER. please be aware that your pupils might need to be dilated for your exam. dilation of your pupils will produce blurred vision for at least 2-3 hours, and it will make your eyes sensitive to light. these effects can make it difficult, or unsafe, to drive a car. as such, it is advisable to attend your appointment with someone who can drive, or at least you should be prepared to remain in the area until you believe your vision has returned to normal. * reminder: if you have had a previous mri of your brain or orbits, please hand carry the cd of the images to your appointment. sincerely, naomi francisque administration assistant", "gpt4_summary": "The note is regarding an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment. There is no specific mention of glaucoma in the note. The patient is advised about possible effects of pupil dilation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09942", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "filename": "data_09942.npz", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.61, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "m althausen m plante, LOCATION 5:04 pm received from: partners lmr received sig: dose: 81 mg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON; date: DATE_TIME atenolol (tenormin) 50 mg tablet take 1 tablet (50 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. cholecalciferol, vitamin d3, (vitamin d3 oral) take by mouth. 1000 unit 1 oral bid. PERSON DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process, from oncall cyclobenzaprine (flexeril) 10 mg tablet take 1 tablet (10 mg total) by mouth 3 (three) times a day as needed for muscle spasms. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 75 mcg tablet take 1 tablet (75 mcg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. onetouch ultra test strp strips 1 each by miscellaneous route as needed. oxiconazole (LOCATION) 1 % lotion apply topically 2 (two) times a day. simvastatin (zocor) 20 mg tablet dose: 20 mg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: qpm; directions: not available; details: duration: 90 day(s); dispense: 90 tablet(s); status: active; source: agarwal-harding,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia multiple joint pain anemia vitamin d deficiency hypothyroidism osteopenia type 2 diabetes mellitus obstructive sleep apnea syndrome shortness of breath obesity loose stools results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09946", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09946.jpg", "filename": "data_09946.npz", "report": "52-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis. Retina checkup scheduled in 6 months. Managed by comprehensive ophthalmology.", "age": 52.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 52 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. with retina in 6m as planned _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "52-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis. Retina checkup scheduled in 6 months. Managed by comprehensive ophthalmology.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09947", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "filename": "data_09947.npz", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema.", "age": 87.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: s/p cataract surgery and yag laser caps ou erm od>os - oct mac no striae/edema glaucoma suspect ou; cupping ou and prev iop elev od - iop now controlled on xalatan ou qhs - normal oct and hvf DATE_TIME blepharitis/dry ou refr error plan: cpm PERSON/art tears prn 6 mo exam", "gpt4_summary": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09949", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "filename": "data_09949.npz", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion.", "age": 34.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "34 y.o. glaucoma suspect, both eyes - 2/2 to enlarged c/d ratio and borderline PERSON DATE_TIME 22/22 - risk factors: no family history, no trauma/steroids, average cct - tmax: 26 from DATE_TIME - hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME (bmc): reliable and full ou DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou - stable DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou -- stable - oct rnfl DATE_TIME (bmc): 8/10 qual ou, 88 right eye, DATE_TIME left eye, mostly full DATE_TIME: od 87 os 88, PERSON ou DATE_TIME: od 85 os 88, PERSON ou - stable DATE_TIME: od 85 os 85 PERSON ou -- stable - gonioscopy : open to cbb with posterior bowing peripherally with no tid and no significant pigmentation or k spindle. - cct 531/532 - photos done DATE_TIME - drops: never been on drops for glaucoma > observe, repeat testing in DATE_TIME high myopia ou > rd precautions > new rx given per patient request floaters os, some new od - no tears/holes/subretinal fluid/rd > rd precautions mild distortion of vision os - reported 'wavy reflection' in lower quadrant of vision os - corrects to 20/20, macula flat, good foveal reflex > artificial tears fu DATE_TIME mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09952", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "filename": "data_09952.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency.", "age": 34.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "date of birth: DATE_TIME patient mrn: NUMBER Institution neuro oph LOCATION dept phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER DATE_TIME office visit mrn: NUMBER provider: PERSON, PERSON: address phone e-mail address PHONE_NUMBER (home) PHONE_NUMBER (work) PHONE_NUMBER (mobile) EMAIL_ADDRESS information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME female white or NRP no NRP NRP future appointments provider department center DATE_TIME 10:00 am PERSON r LOCATION, PERSONtitution pappas center for neuro oncology DATE_TIME 10:00 am PERSON, PERSONtitution neuro oph main campus Institution main reason for visit none vital signs/measurements smoking status light tobacco smoker no eyeglass prescription found allergies as of DATE_TIME sulfa (sulfonamide antibiotics) medications and orders your current medications citalopram (celexa) 10 mg tablet take 10 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. oxcarbazepine (trileptal) 150 mg tablet take 1 tablet (150 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. propranolol (inderal la) 80 mg 24 hr capsule take 1 capsule (80 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. condition list as of DATE_TIME intracranial meningioma otalgia breast lump migraine with aura and without status migrainosus, not intractable s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy multiple thyroid nodules iga deficiency smoker results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09956", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "filename": "data_09956.npz", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma.", "age": 64.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 yo chef/caterer (works in LOCATION ) with history of breast cancer, gerd with periodic mac bronchiectasis, forehead bcc removed in DATE_TIME, cholelithiasis \u00ff her brother is a cardiologist. son URLugman, now successful instagrammer and daughter DATE_TIME. plays tennis 3x/wk DATE_TIME plans culinary tourism trips \u00ff pt of dr. PERSON, last seen by dr. PERSONME, then me 10/16 for urgent des eval \u00ff last saw me DATE_TIME \u00ff 1. dry eye / meibomian gland dysfunction - now only using ats as needed. - can add warm compresses, lid hygiene - already using fish oil \u00ff 2. cataracts (no1nc1 ou) >> mrx given - refracts to 20/20 \u00ff 3. history of breast cancer s/p unilateral lumpectomy 1/05, s/p xrt (3/05), started tamoxifen 3/05 and now off-- completed DATE_TIME, now off meds - no changes in vision, no metamorphopsia. \u00ff 4. mild c/d asymmetry od>os (0.6/0.4), in setting of larger PERSON -intact rims ou, no fhx cct 527/532-- iop likely higher than measured \u00ff hvf 10/19:od reliable and full; os 3/10fl and 21%fp; termporal scattered defects hvf 6/18: od 7/11 fl, scattered defects, os reliable and full hvf DATE_TIME: high false positives ou. full ou hvf DATE_TIME: high false positives ou. likely unreliable od, wnl os \u00ff oct 10/19: rims intact ou DATE_TIME: rims intact ou DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: PERSON ou observe \u00ff plan: followup in DATE_TIME, sooner prn _____________________ PERSON, md comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09959", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "filename": "data_09959.npz", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed.", "age": 69.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 PERSON here for PERSON testing speaks NRP, interpreter present 1. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on last exam. blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged. URLd cataract is present ou that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 4. pterygium od, nvs, observe 5. NRP suspect ou based on inc c:d ratio fhx mgf lost vision (? cause) cct slightly thin (514,514) hvf full ou oct PERSON, borderline os gonio open ou iop controlled observe DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp stacey c Person scribing for dr. Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09965", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "filename": "data_09965.npz", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error.", "age": 63.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "63 y.o. with a. fib on eliquis here for testing only narrow angles ou, not occludable - hyperopic - angle closure symptoms discussed > monitor, repeat gonioscopy next visit optic disc cupping ou - no family hx - excellent iop - cct 552/565 - photos done DATE_TIME PERSON ou - hvf DATE_TIME full ou > low risk. observe nuclear sclerotic cataract ou - not visually significant > observe refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request last visit fu DATE_TIME, mrx, gonio, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09966", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "filename": "data_09966.npz", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma.", "age": 35.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "resident assessment and plan 35 yo myopic male previously followed by PERSON PERSON, originally referred for evaluation and LOCATION of pds glaucoma ou from PERSON (dr. PERSON). was diagnosed DATE_TIME, was on timolol with iops in teens, but iop continued to increase. alternative LOCATION are discussed. +fh of poag (grandfather). t max per pt is low DATE_TIME. vision is stable, no eye pain. states that he used to be a runner, but usually had very blurry vision after the run. no sulfa allergy, no asthma. no h/o trauma or steroid use. timolol caused weakness/tiredness, also, ineffective, felt better without it 1. pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucomatous optic neuropathy os, suspect PERSON/o blurry vision/eye pain after extensive running (episodes of pigmentary storm) - t max per pt - low DATE_TIME without LOCATION, had been in mid teens on timolol for DATE_TIME, but couldn't tolerate due to weakness. - cct 529/538 (thinner) - DATE_TIME hvf/oct rfnl od wnl, large nerve; os - significant cupping with glaucomatous damage, stable. - iop goal od mid/high teens; os - mid/low teens, csm rtc: DATE_TIME plan:- cont dorzolomide bid (started by outside physician) - cont latanaprost ou qhs 2. myopia ou - ok with current glasses - see above cc. PERSON PERSON (LOCATION)", "gpt4_summary": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09967", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "filename": "data_09967.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops.", "age": 49.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "h/o high myopia h/o glaucoma suspect 1. primary open angle glaucoma suspect ou based on increased c:d ratio ou fhx + sister s/p surgery and on drops for glaucoma gonio open ou hvf full ou oct wnl ou dp DATE_TIME stable iop controlled ou observe 2. flashes od no retinal tears/holes/rd on exam rd warnings d/w patient 3. high myopia ou rd warnings mrx given for new glasses. 4. rare PERSON wear (special occasions only) cl hygiene f/u DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, cct, dilate, oct/dp", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09977", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "filename": "data_09977.npz", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT.", "age": 28.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "28 y.o. m, new patient, here for evaluation of large c:NRP pohx: myopia, large c:d, recurrent hordeolum, blepharitis pmh: none # large c:d, os > od - unknown fhx (adopted) - cct 512/514 - hvf wnl - rnfl oct wnl - iop 12/12; no history of ohtx - most likely physiologic cupping, low risk > follow up in DATE_TIME # refractive error - last mrx DATE_TIME # blepharitis - warm compresses, lid hygiene - fatty fish/omega 3 supplementation discussed # history of ocular migraine - resolved fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09978", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "filename": "data_09978.npz", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d.", "age": 63.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "63 yo last seen by me DATE_TIME, by dr. PERSON retired teacher 1. occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, only at DATE_TIME; stable floaters - retinal detachment precautions discussed. patient will contact our office immediately for new flashing lights, floaters or a curtain coming over the vision; if unable to get appointment to be seen or during non-business hours, patient will go to Institution ew at 243 NRP street for exam. \u00ff\u00ff 2. cataracts od>os - cortical changes od - more trouble at DATE_TIME driving in the rain 3. refractive error: - a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. \u00ff\u00ff 4. 2 episodes of darkening of PERSON past; since last visit 1 time\u00ff-- resolved \u00ff note from dr. PERSON: situation discussed with patient; in my experience monocular visual changes on awakening are often explained by differences in dark adaptation between the two eye, i.e. one eye was covered and the other was not. unless her symptoms change, i would not recommend further work-up. \u00ff 5. choroidal nevi ou - small and flat od - 2 dd with ring of drusen os; PERSON taken; no elevation, no orange pigment\u00ff - bscan DATE_TIME: technique: closed lids. contour: within normal limits. lens: phakic. vitreous: interfaces, low reflective. lesion: dome, superior. LOCATION echo pattern: within normal limits. notes a small dome shaped elevation is seen superiorly measuring approximately <1.0mm. - observe \u00ff 6. glaucoma suspect - no family history - iop ok - large c/d by symmetric and healthy appearing - cct 545, 546 -rnfl DATE_TIME: full rims ou - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full \u00ff followup: DATE_TIME; DATE_TIME for testing (DATE_TIME) _____________________ PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09979", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "filename": "data_09979.npz", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error.", "age": 70.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "70 y.o. f here for follow-up \u00ff\u00ff 1. PERSON toric LOCATION (os DATE_TIME, od DATE_TIME) doing well, happy with vision s/p yag cap os DATE_TIME s/p yag cap od DATE_TIME 2. dm excellent control s/p weight loss no diabetic retinopathy continue good bs/bp control continues DATE_TIME eye exams \u00ff\u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect iop ok today large c/d ratio but used to have high myopia prior to ce, possibly myopic discs DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning od oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od normal/ os borderline sup thin pachy 575/571, true iop a little lower than measured hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: os with possible small nasal defect hvf DATE_TIME: od full os: sup temporal defect/ enlarged blind spot, likely related to retinal scar from LOCATION repair 4. posterior vitreous detachment ou retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows \u00ff\u00ff 5. mild refractive error/presbyopia - currently just wears otc readers \u00ff 6. retinal flap tear os after yag capsulotomy, treated with laser by dr. kylstra then developed retinal detachment os, s/p ppv/el/fax/14%c3f8 os for mac-on rd (wang/kylstra), DATE_TIME. looks good; retina attached. small branch retinal vein occlusion adjacent to area of laser/ retinotomy (noted by URLlstra, stable compared to photos seeing dr. PERSON now, has appointment in DATE_TIME \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09981", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09981.jpg", "filename": "data_09981.npz", "report": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners.", "age": 75.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "please schedule this patient (PERSON ) for surgery: cataract and trabeculectomy laterality: left eye surgeon: PERSON, LOCATION level: 2 diagnoses associated with this procedure for booking: pigmentary glaucoma of left eye, severe stage; age-related nuclear cataract of left eye anesthesia: mac plus topical and sub-tenon's block case duration: DATE_TIME operating time blood thinners: this patient is not on blood thinners please send me confirmation message with the date when scheduled. thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09984", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "filename": "data_09984.npz", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost.", "age": 79.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "79 PERSON referred by PERSON for glaucoma eval. no fh, no steroid use, no trauma, no sulfa allergy. no h/o asthma, lost f/u since DATE_TIME 1. poag od moderate stage, PERSON 34 od (post op) and 21 os - gonio: open - has been in mid/high teens on pg and timolol od. - t goal od mid/low teens, os mid/high teens, at goal - hvf od DATE_TIME: has high ltfs over DATE_TIME, appears stable. os - stable early changes. - oct rnfl with artifacts DATE_TIME, but appears stable. long discussion was done about nature of the disease, visual prognosis and management options, all questions answered. wants to switch to generic latanaprost from lumigan due to cost. plan; cont timolol gel 0.5% od only qam stop lumigan, start latanaprost ou qhs rtc: DATE_TIME for iop only longwood 2. pseudophakia ou, DATE_TIME - stable - per dr. PERSON 3. erm ou - stable", "gpt4_summary": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09985", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "filename": "data_09985.npz", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia.", "age": 73.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# narrow angles, s/p lpi ou and now phaco ou, mild on cupping ou/narrow angle glaucoma suspect low risk ou: PERSON:none/ steroids: none/ trauma: none prior surgery: lpi ou, ce/iol ou (DATE_TIME) med intolerance: none ttarget: 20 /20 , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: / gonioscopy: rnfl oct shows mild thinning inf/temp od, wnl os gcc shows inferior thinning od, diffuse thinning worse PERSON DATE_TIME) wnl ou # pseudophakia ou (DATE_TIME) # dry eye od> os likely causing monocular diplopia, intermittent no evidence of tropia or phoria of cross over test DATE_TIME; eoms are full use at qid patient to pay attention to symptoms and report back plan: vf od likely stable compared to DATE_TIME, os appears worse but does fluctuate possible artifact from lens rim continue to observe off drops ; nerve appearance is reassuring , as is iop follow up DATE_TIME with repeat hvf ou, os first , pachymetry, gonio \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09988", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "filename": "data_09988.npz", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters.", "age": 54.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "continues to be excellent, including automated visual fields. fundi have a normal appearance, though he does have prominent vitreous condensation od>os. oct does not show any evidence of optic nerve damage. given his history of hypercoagulability and the recent eye exam findings, i obtained fluorescein angiogram, which was reassuring. my overall impression continues to be that some of his symptoms are migrainous in origin. however, some may also be related to vitreous floaters. being a visual artist, he is particularly attuned to visual changes. my plan is: - no migraine prophylactic at this point - apixaban as per hematology - upcoming appointment in retina with dr. PERSON we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09989", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "filename": "data_09989.npz", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored.", "age": 63.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient self-referred, first seen by dr. NRP on DATE_TIME. previously followed at the kellogg eye center # glaucoma suspect : due to enlarged c/d ratio. diagnosed DATE_TIME with normal tension glaucoma was on latanoprost qhs ou for many years with no progression on humphrey visual field stopped drops ~2013 with DATE_TIME monitoring, continued to have no progression risk factors: positive family history of glaucoma or blindness (grandmother, sister recently told glaucoma suspicion) , negative history of longterm steroids, negative history of eye trauma central corneal thickness: / (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: open ou tmax: ( ) / ( ) mid teens here target iop: / not application refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: negative history of asthma negative history of bradycardia negative sulfa allergy negative history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou # vertical diplopia: - diagnosed ~30 years ago - has been evaluated previously by neuro ophthalmologist - previously worked up with mri DATE_TIME, reportedly unremarkable - no history of trauma - prisms, optom to manage - recently had a refraction. # blepharitis and rosacea - comfortable DATE_TIME. asymptomatic. #social: moved to ma in DATE_TIME. previously lived in LOCATION, LOCATION. plan DATE_TIME: iop not recorded , *** od, *** os PERSON is here for dfe, humphrey visual field, and LOCATION. continue to monitor off therapy last dilated exam: DATE_TIME*** DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME*** last visual field:DATE_TIME*** baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic*** i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for dr. PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. -", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09996", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "filename": "data_09996.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract.", "age": 84.71, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -start brimonidine bid od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as neeed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -rtc in DATE_TIME @ DATE_TIME with iop check ou, PERSON, bat od, optical biometry ou, hvf size v ou, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. we can consider pga qhs ou in future if progression or iop spike in either eye. good phaco/migs candidate od, but we can consider slt od (since patient is reluctant to undergo phaco => she believes it may have triggered wet amd os). i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataract. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09998", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09998.jpg", "filename": "data_09998.npz", "report": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised.", "age": 57.58, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "57 URLleh/o glaucoma suspect, presents for glaucoma tests 1. glaucoma suspect ou >tcurrent: 12/12 >tmax: >tgoal: >c/d ratio: 0.7/0.6 >gonio: PERSON >cct: 529/530 >oct: DATE_TIME wnl ou >hvf: DATE_TIME full ou >family history: grandmother >race: af am >optic nerve photos DATE_TIME full rims ou oct and hvf 0n 9/17/20220, wnl oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye 1.26 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye 2.04 right eye reliability/fixation was poor mean deviation was calculated to be: 2.04 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: 1.26 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects advised pt to have a complete eye examination, including dilation, on a DATE_TIME basis.", "gpt4_summary": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" }, { "id": "data_09999", "image_path": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "filename": "data_09999.npz", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 73.03, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: doing well with pciol ou (toric os) pvd ou cupping os; no hx iop elev; normal automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography now; PERSON refr error plan: rx=m 18 mo", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "test" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/test/report/iuxray_test.json ================================================ [ { "id": "CXR3030_IM-1405", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "CXR3030_IM-1405/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR38_IM-1911", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR38_IM-1911/0.png", "CXR38_IM-1911/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3957_IM-2022", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3957_IM-2022/0.png", "CXR3957_IM-2022/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR621_IM-2203", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "CXR621_IM-2203/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1347_IM-0225", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR1347_IM-0225/0.png", "CXR1347_IM-0225/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2915_IM-1317", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2915_IM-1317/0.png", "CXR2915_IM-1317/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR34_IM-1644", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "CXR34_IM-1644/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2590_IM-1083", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "CXR2590_IM-1083/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1176_IM-0119", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "CXR1176_IM-0119/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR738_IM-2296", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR738_IM-2296/0.png", "CXR738_IM-2296/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2480_IM-1009", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2480_IM-1009/0.png", "CXR2480_IM-1009/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3222_IM-1522", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "CXR3222_IM-1522/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1005_IM-0006", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "CXR1005_IM-0006/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3542_IM-1734", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "CXR3542_IM-1734/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR325_IM-1539", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "CXR325_IM-1539/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2785_IM-1220", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "CXR2785_IM-1220/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3991_IM-2044", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "CXR3991_IM-2044/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3527_IM-1724", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "CXR3527_IM-1724/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3460_IM-1681", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "CXR3460_IM-1681/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2784_IM-1220", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2784_IM-1220/0.png", "CXR2784_IM-1220/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1425_IM-0272", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "CXR1425_IM-0272/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR779_IM-2321", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR779_IM-2321/0.png", "CXR779_IM-2321/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1966_IM-0629", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "CXR1966_IM-0629/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3765_IM-1884", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "CXR3765_IM-1884/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2686_IM-1158", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2686_IM-1158/0.png", "CXR2686_IM-1158/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2354_IM-0918", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2354_IM-0918/0.png", "CXR2354_IM-0918/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3445_IM-1668", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3445_IM-1668/0.png", "CXR3445_IM-1668/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3751_IM-1875", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3751_IM-1875/0.png", "CXR3751_IM-1875/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3734_IM-1866", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "CXR3734_IM-1866/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR377_IM-1889", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR377_IM-1889/0.png", "CXR377_IM-1889/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR344_IM-1664", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "CXR344_IM-1664/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3335_IM-1598", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "CXR3335_IM-1598/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2780_IM-1218", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2780_IM-1218/0.png", "CXR2780_IM-1218/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1997_IM-0651", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "CXR1997_IM-0651/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1440_IM-0284", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1440_IM-0284/0.png", "CXR1440_IM-0284/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1259_IM-0175", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1259_IM-0175/0.png", "CXR1259_IM-0175/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR658_IM-2234", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "CXR658_IM-2234/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1812_IM-0525", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "CXR1812_IM-0525/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2357_IM-0921", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "CXR2357_IM-0921/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2232_IM-0832", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2232_IM-0832/0.png", "CXR2232_IM-0832/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR993_IM-2478", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR993_IM-2478/0.png", "CXR993_IM-2478/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2734_IM-1189", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2734_IM-1189/0.png", "CXR2734_IM-1189/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR461_IM-2090", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR461_IM-2090/0.png", "CXR461_IM-2090/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2098_IM-0728", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "CXR2098_IM-0728/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2277_IM-0864", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2277_IM-0864/0.png", "CXR2277_IM-0864/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2099_IM-0729", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2099_IM-0729/0.png", "CXR2099_IM-0729/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1633_IM-0414", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "CXR1633_IM-0414/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3883_IM-1971", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3883_IM-1971/0.png", "CXR3883_IM-1971/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3041_IM-1415", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "CXR3041_IM-1415/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR269_IM-1161", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR269_IM-1161/0.png", "CXR269_IM-1161/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3552_IM-1741", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3552_IM-1741/0.png", "CXR3552_IM-1741/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1854_IM-0555", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR1854_IM-0555/0.png", "CXR1854_IM-0555/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3745_IM-1872", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "CXR3745_IM-1872/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1467_IM-0302", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "CXR1467_IM-0302/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1270_IM-0181", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "CXR1270_IM-0181/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3098_IM-1450", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "CXR3098_IM-1450/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1603_IM-0391", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1603_IM-0391/0.png", "CXR1603_IM-0391/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1008_IM-0009", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1008_IM-0009/0.png", "CXR1008_IM-0009/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2916_IM-1318", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2916_IM-1318/0.png", "CXR2916_IM-1318/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1632_IM-0413", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "CXR1632_IM-0413/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3265_IM-1551", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3265_IM-1551/0.png", "CXR3265_IM-1551/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/0.png", "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR242_IM-0963", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "CXR242_IM-0963/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3427_IM-1657", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3427_IM-1657/0.png", "CXR3427_IM-1657/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3220_IM-1522", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "CXR3220_IM-1522/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2005_IM-0656", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "CXR2005_IM-0656/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1410_IM-0260", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1410_IM-0260/0.png", "CXR1410_IM-0260/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR879_IM-2393", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "CXR879_IM-2393/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3020_IM-1395", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "CXR3020_IM-1395/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR632_IM-2213", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR632_IM-2213/0.png", "CXR632_IM-2213/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2937_IM-1339", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "CXR2937_IM-1339/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR328_IM-1560", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR328_IM-1560/0.png", "CXR328_IM-1560/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3817_IM-1925", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3817_IM-1925/0.png", "CXR3817_IM-1925/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3059_IM-1425", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3059_IM-1425/0.png", "CXR3059_IM-1425/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2389_IM-0944", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2389_IM-0944/0.png", "CXR2389_IM-0944/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR869_IM-2389", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR869_IM-2389/0.png", "CXR869_IM-2389/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR751_IM-2305", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR751_IM-2305/0.png", "CXR751_IM-2305/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1209_IM-0142", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "CXR1209_IM-0142/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1588_IM-0382", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1588_IM-0382/0.png", "CXR1588_IM-0382/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR487_IM-2110", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR487_IM-2110/0.png", "CXR487_IM-2110/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2940_IM-1341", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2940_IM-1341/0.png", "CXR2940_IM-1341/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1831_IM-0538", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1831_IM-0538/0.png", "CXR1831_IM-0538/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR717_IM-2279", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR717_IM-2279/0.png", "CXR717_IM-2279/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1434_IM-0279", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "CXR1434_IM-0279/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR931_IM-2429", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR931_IM-2429/0.png", "CXR931_IM-2429/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR735_IM-2294", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "CXR735_IM-2294/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR870_IM-2391", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "CXR870_IM-2391/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR588_IM-2183", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR588_IM-2183/0.png", "CXR588_IM-2183/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1509_IM-0331", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "CXR1509_IM-0331/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2953_IM-1351", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "CXR2953_IM-1351/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2204_IM-0813", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "CXR2204_IM-0813/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR43_IM-2070", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "CXR43_IM-2070/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3446_IM-1669", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "CXR3446_IM-1669/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3495_IM-1700", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "CXR3495_IM-1700/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR795_IM-2331", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "CXR795_IM-2331/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3867_IM-1960", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "CXR3867_IM-1960/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3720_IM-1859", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3720_IM-1859/0.png", "CXR3720_IM-1859/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1931_IM-0602", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "CXR1931_IM-0602/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1771_IM-0505", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "CXR1771_IM-0505/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3126_IM-1470", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "CXR3126_IM-1470/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3105_IM-1456", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3105_IM-1456/0.png", "CXR3105_IM-1456/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2796_IM-1228", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "CXR2796_IM-1228/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1323_IM-0209", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1323_IM-0209/0.png", "CXR1323_IM-0209/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2423_IM-0965", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2423_IM-0965/0.png", "CXR2423_IM-0965/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3194_IM-1505", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3194_IM-1505/0.png", "CXR3194_IM-1505/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2136_IM-0758", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2136_IM-0758/0.png", "CXR2136_IM-0758/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3778_IM-1894", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "CXR3778_IM-1894/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1726_IM-0479", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "CXR1726_IM-0479/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2889_IM-1291", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2889_IM-1291/0.png", "CXR2889_IM-1291/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2786_IM-1221", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "CXR2786_IM-1221/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR497_IM-2114", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "CXR497_IM-2114/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR162_IM-0401", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "CXR162_IM-0401/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3763_IM-1883", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR3763_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR485_IM-2109", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "CXR485_IM-2109/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2020_IM-0668", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "CXR2020_IM-0668/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2623_IM-1111", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "CXR2623_IM-1111/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1190_IM-0128", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "CXR1190_IM-0128/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1646_IM-0423", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1646_IM-0423/0.png", "CXR1646_IM-0423/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1373_IM-0240", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "CXR1373_IM-0240/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1627_IM-0408", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "CXR1627_IM-0408/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2592_IM-1084", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "CXR2592_IM-1084/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR364_IM-1804", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "CXR364_IM-1804/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3890_IM-1973", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3890_IM-1973/0.png", "CXR3890_IM-1973/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1956_IM-0623", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1956_IM-0623/0.png", "CXR1956_IM-0623/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3902_IM-1981", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "CXR3902_IM-1981/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1219_IM-0146", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1219_IM-0146/0.png", "CXR1219_IM-0146/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR932_IM-2430", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR932_IM-2430/0.png", "CXR932_IM-2430/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1487_IM-0314", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "CXR1487_IM-0314/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1454_IM-0293", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1454_IM-0293/0.png", "CXR1454_IM-0293/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1582_IM-0378", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "CXR1582_IM-0378/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2413_IM-0959", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2413_IM-0959/0.png", "CXR2413_IM-0959/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR141_IM-0260", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "CXR141_IM-0260/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2910_IM-1314", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "CXR2910_IM-1314/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/0.png", "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3603_IM-1779", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "CXR3603_IM-1779/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1093_IM-0064", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "CXR1093_IM-0064/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2862_IM-1270", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "CXR2862_IM-1270/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR12_IM-0133", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "CXR12_IM-0133/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1535_IM-0346", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1535_IM-0346/0.png", "CXR1535_IM-0346/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3063_IM-1428", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3063_IM-1428/0.png", "CXR3063_IM-1428/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR771_IM-2316", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR771_IM-2316/0.png", "CXR771_IM-2316/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3532_IM-1726", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "CXR3532_IM-1726/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3845_IM-1945", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3845_IM-1945/0.png", "CXR3845_IM-1945/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3403_IM-1647", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "CXR3403_IM-1647/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1188_IM-0127", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "CXR1188_IM-0127/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3329_IM-1594", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3329_IM-1594/0.png", "CXR3329_IM-1594/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3587_IM-1765", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3587_IM-1765/0.png", "CXR3587_IM-1765/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1344_IM-0223", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "CXR1344_IM-0223/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3962_IM-2027", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "CXR3962_IM-2027/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1891_IM-0580", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "CXR1891_IM-0580/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1932_IM-0603", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "CXR1932_IM-0603/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1510_IM-0331", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1510_IM-0331/0.png", "CXR1510_IM-0331/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR86_IM-2380", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "CXR86_IM-2380/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR770_IM-2316", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR770_IM-2316/0.png", "CXR770_IM-2316/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1796_IM-0517", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "CXR1796_IM-0517/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1480_IM-0311", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1480_IM-0311/0.png", "CXR1480_IM-0311/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3203_IM-1513", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3203_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR565_IM-2166", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "CXR565_IM-2166/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR474_IM-2101", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "CXR474_IM-2101/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2861_IM-1269", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "CXR2861_IM-1269/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3106_IM-1456", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "CXR3106_IM-1456/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2061_IM-0698", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "CXR2061_IM-0698/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR39_IM-1978", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR39_IM-1978/0.png", "CXR39_IM-1978/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3466_IM-1683", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Streaky perihilar opacities. Peribronchial cuffing also noted. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3466_IM-1683/0.png", "CXR3466_IM-1683/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1191_IM-0128", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1191_IM-0128/0.png", "CXR1191_IM-0128/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3844_IM-1945", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3844_IM-1945/0.png", "CXR3844_IM-1945/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1205_IM-0138", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "CXR1205_IM-0138/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2948_IM-1348", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "CXR2948_IM-1348/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR578_IM-2176", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "CXR578_IM-2176/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3774_IM-1892", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "CXR3774_IM-1892/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3192_IM-1505", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "CXR3192_IM-1505/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2229_IM-0831", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "CXR2229_IM-0831/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR785_IM-2325", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "CXR785_IM-2325/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3355_IM-1609", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3355_IM-1609/0.png", "CXR3355_IM-1609/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1544_IM-0354", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1544_IM-0354/0.png", "CXR1544_IM-0354/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR304_IM-1413", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. A total of 3 images were obtained. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits allowing for low lung volumes and patient rotation. There is XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right infrahilar lymph XXXX again seen. Partially visualized lower cervical spine fusion XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR304_IM-1413/0.png", "CXR304_IM-1413/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR692_IM-2258", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "CXR692_IM-2258/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR435_IM-2075", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "CXR435_IM-2075/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1860_IM-0558", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is dextrocurvature of the thoracic spine. There is XXXX deformity of the T9 vertebral body. Levocurvature of the lumbar spine with significant degenerative change is also noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1860_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR1860_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3136_IM-1475", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3136_IM-1475/0.png", "CXR3136_IM-1475/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3687_IM-1838", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure.", "image_path": [ "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "CXR3687_IM-1838/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3673_IM-1828", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "CXR3673_IM-1828/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1256_IM-0173", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1256_IM-0173/0.png", "CXR1256_IM-0173/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3843_IM-1944", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "CXR3843_IM-1944/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1675_IM-0445", "report": "Lung volumes remain low. No infiltrates. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1675_IM-0445/0.png", "CXR1675_IM-0445/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3066_IM-1430", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild emphysematous changes without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion. XXXX lingular scarring or atelectasis noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3066_IM-1430/0.png", "CXR3066_IM-1430/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2681_IM-1154", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "CXR2681_IM-1154/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2336_IM-0903", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "CXR2336_IM-0903/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3283_IM-1564", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3283_IM-1564/0.png", "CXR3283_IM-1564/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1030_IM-0024", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1030_IM-0024/0.png", "CXR1030_IM-0024/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1608_IM-0394", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1608_IM-0394/0.png", "CXR1608_IM-0394/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR623_IM-2205", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. There is again a pleural based density in the right lung base, XXXX related to subpleural fat. The appearance is stable from multiple previous studies. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR623_IM-2205/0.png", "CXR623_IM-2205/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2965_IM-1358", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2965_IM-1358/0.png", "CXR2965_IM-1358/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2876_IM-1282", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "CXR2876_IM-1282/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3085_IM-1444", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Marrow pneumothorax, focal lung consolidation or pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR3085_IM-1444/0.png", "CXR3085_IM-1444/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR913_IM-2417", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "CXR913_IM-2417/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3474_IM-1688", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "CXR3474_IM-1688/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2146_IM-0766", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "CXR2146_IM-0766/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1742_IM-0489", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "CXR1742_IM-0489/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1642_IM-0421", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal with postoperative changes consistent with CABG. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1642_IM-0421/0.png", "CXR1642_IM-0421/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2363_IM-0926", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "CXR2363_IM-0926/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3508_IM-1710", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "CXR3508_IM-1710/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2918_IM-1320", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "CXR2918_IM-1320/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2088_IM-0719", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "CXR2088_IM-0719/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1765_IM-0499", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is rounded calcified density within the left lower lobe most consistent with granuloma. Remaining lungs are clear without evidence of focal opacification. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1765_IM-0499/0.png", "CXR1765_IM-0499/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1470_IM-0303", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1470_IM-0303/0.png", "CXR1470_IM-0303/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3775_IM-1893", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3775_IM-1893/0.png", "CXR3775_IM-1893/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3521_IM-1719", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "CXR3521_IM-1719/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Normal heart size. Catheter tubing present in the upper midabdomen. There is bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease, right greater than left.", "image_path": [ "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/0.png", "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1015_IM-0001", "report": "Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, triangular density projected over the heart on the lateral view. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size.", "image_path": [ "CXR1015_IM-0001/0.png", "CXR1015_IM-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2537_IM-1049", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "CXR2537_IM-1049/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1460_IM-0298", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "CXR1460_IM-0298/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1319_IM-0205", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "CXR1319_IM-0205/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3993_IM-2044", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Left hemidiaphragm is elevated. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. The mediastinum is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3993_IM-2044/0.png", "CXR3993_IM-2044/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR988_IM-2474", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "CXR988_IM-2474/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2445_IM-0981", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "CXR2445_IM-0981/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1193_IM-0129", "report": "Stable enlarged cardiac silhouette. Persistent bilateral lower lobe airspace disease, not significantly XXXX compared to prior. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1193_IM-0129/0.png", "CXR1193_IM-0129/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3472_IM-1688", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "CXR3472_IM-1688/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR850_IM-2373-0001", "report": "Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR850_IM-2373-0001/0.png", "CXR850_IM-2373-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1277_IM-0185", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study.", "image_path": [ "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "CXR1277_IM-0185/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2145_IM-0766", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "CXR2145_IM-0766/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3016_IM-1392", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3016_IM-1392/0.png", "CXR3016_IM-1392/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR308_IM-1439", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "CXR308_IM-1439/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1377_IM-0242", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1377_IM-0242/0.png", "CXR1377_IM-0242/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2209_IM-0816", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "CXR2209_IM-0816/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3221_IM-1522", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3221_IM-1522/0.png", "CXR3221_IM-1522/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2433_IM-0975", "report": "Low lung volumes with bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2433_IM-0975/0.png", "CXR2433_IM-0975/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2575_IM-1075", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "CXR2575_IM-1075/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR761_IM-2310", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "CXR761_IM-2310/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2531_IM-1045", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Scattered calcified granulomas noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2531_IM-1045/0.png", "CXR2531_IM-1045/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3415_IM-1650", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "CXR3415_IM-1650/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2378_IM-0938", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "CXR2378_IM-0938/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR980_IM-2468", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR980_IM-2468/0.png", "CXR980_IM-2468/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2159_IM-0776", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR2159_IM-0776/0.png", "CXR2159_IM-0776/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR877_IM-2392", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "CXR877_IM-2392/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2401_IM-0950", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumoperitoneum. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2401_IM-0950/0.png", "CXR2401_IM-0950/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR535_IM-2142", "report": "There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX opacity in the left lower lobe XXXX represents atelectasis or scarring. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR535_IM-2142/0.png", "CXR535_IM-2142/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1269_IM-0181", "report": "Normal heart size. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Left nipple silhouette visualized. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1269_IM-0181/0.png", "CXR1269_IM-0181/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR427_IM-2070", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR427_IM-2070/0.png", "CXR427_IM-2070/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2314_IM-0889", "report": "The lungs are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right costophrenic XXXX. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2314_IM-0889/0.png", "CXR2314_IM-0889/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR891_IM-2403", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR891_IM-2403/0.png", "CXR891_IM-2403/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1126_IM-0082", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "CXR1126_IM-0082/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR136_IM-0233", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR136_IM-0233/0.png", "CXR136_IM-0233/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2768_IM-1212", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "CXR2768_IM-1212/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1950_IM-0618", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1950_IM-0618/0.png", "CXR1950_IM-0618/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1399_IM-0255", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "CXR1399_IM-0255/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR922_IM-2423", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "CXR922_IM-2423/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2446_IM-0982", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "CXR2446_IM-0982/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2983_IM-1371", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. There is right lower lobe scarring. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Granulomas present. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2983_IM-1371/0.png", "CXR2983_IM-1371/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3281_IM-1562", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "CXR3281_IM-1562/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3716_IM-1856", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture. Bilateral nipple jewelry.", "image_path": [ "CXR3716_IM-1856/0.png", "CXR3716_IM-1856/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3124_IM-1468", "report": "There is persistent, marked enlargement of the pulmonary arteries. Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3124_IM-1468/0.png", "CXR3124_IM-1468/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2866_IM-1273", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "CXR2866_IM-1273/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2327_IM-0898", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "CXR2327_IM-0898/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR708_IM-2271", "report": "No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace opacities. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The included osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR708_IM-2271/0.png", "CXR708_IM-2271/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3546_IM-1738", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. There is continued interstitial prominence bilaterally. Unchanged vascular appearance. There is patchy retrocardiac opacity. Negative for pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3546_IM-1738/0.png", "CXR3546_IM-1738/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3707_IM-1851", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "CXR3707_IM-1851/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR831_IM-2358", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR831_IM-2358/0.png", "CXR831_IM-2358/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3691_IM-1842", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta identified. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3691_IM-1842/0.png", "CXR3691_IM-1842/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR404_IM-2052", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "CXR404_IM-2052/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2727_IM-1187", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Emphysema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2727_IM-1187/0.png", "CXR2727_IM-1187/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1899_IM-0582", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "CXR1899_IM-0582/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2424_IM-0966", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. The mediastinum is normal. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2424_IM-0966/0.png", "CXR2424_IM-0966/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1530_IM-0344", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "CXR1530_IM-0344/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2797_IM-1229", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "CXR2797_IM-1229/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR617_IM-2200", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with normal sized heart. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR617_IM-2200/0.png", "CXR617_IM-2200/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3784_IM-1898", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "CXR3784_IM-1898/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1799_IM-0519", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1799_IM-0519/0.png", "CXR1799_IM-0519/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3885_IM-1971", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR3885_IM-1971/0.png", "CXR3885_IM-1971/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3340_IM-1601", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Minimal XXXX densities, left lung base. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3340_IM-1601/0.png", "CXR3340_IM-1601/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2129_IM-0753", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "CXR2129_IM-0753/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR584_IM-2181", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR584_IM-2181/0.png", "CXR584_IM-2181/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR251_IM-1032", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild hyperinflation is noted. There are granulomatous sequela. No acute infiltrate or significant pleural effusion are noted. The costophrenic XXXX are excluded.", "image_path": [ "CXR251_IM-1032/0.png", "CXR251_IM-1032/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1210_IM-0142", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate.", "image_path": [ "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "CXR1210_IM-0142/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3025_IM-1400", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. No acute displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3025_IM-1400/0.png", "CXR3025_IM-1400/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2713_IM-1180", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "CXR2713_IM-1180/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3088_IM-1444", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3088_IM-1444/0.png", "CXR3088_IM-1444/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1471_IM-0304", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Mild increased lung markings XXXX due to chronic changes. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Calcified left perihilar granuloma redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1471_IM-0304/0.png", "CXR1471_IM-0304/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR387_IM-1962", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is left hilar enlargement with partial opacification of the left upper lobe suggestive of hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis. Questionable small right midlung nodule. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR387_IM-1962/0.png", "CXR387_IM-1962/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3712_IM-1854", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "CXR3712_IM-1854/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR184_IM-0544", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule.", "image_path": [ "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "CXR184_IM-0544/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1046_IM-0036", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1046_IM-0036/0.png", "CXR1046_IM-0036/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR757_IM-2308", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "CXR757_IM-2308/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2559_IM-1063", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "CXR2559_IM-1063/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1570_IM-0372", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "CXR1570_IM-0372/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3155_IM-1486", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged with enlarged right atrium. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3155_IM-1486/0.png", "CXR3155_IM-1486/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1622_IM-0404", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality..", "image_path": [ "CXR1622_IM-0404/0.png", "CXR1622_IM-0404/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2545_IM-1054", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lung XXXX are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate, or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact. Visualized soft tissues appear normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2545_IM-1054/0.png", "CXR2545_IM-1054/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2168_IM-0784", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2168_IM-0784/0.png", "CXR2168_IM-0784/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2190_IM-0800", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "CXR2190_IM-0800/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3391_IM-1637", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Stable left mid lung granuloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR3391_IM-1637/0.png", "CXR3391_IM-1637/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1404_IM-0258", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "CXR1404_IM-0258/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1197_IM-0131", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR1197_IM-0131/0.png", "CXR1197_IM-0131/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR356_IM-1744", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "CXR356_IM-1744/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR800_IM-2334", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "CXR800_IM-2334/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR292_IM-1322", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "CXR292_IM-1322/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3348_IM-1605", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Stable left lung base calcifications. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3348_IM-1605/0.png", "CXR3348_IM-1605/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR608_IM-2196", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "CXR608_IM-2196/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR862_IM-2383", "report": "The parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe is unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR862_IM-2383/0.png", "CXR862_IM-2383/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR30_IM-1385", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Bony thorax and soft tissue grossly unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR30_IM-1385/0.png", "CXR30_IM-1385/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2799_IM-1231", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2799_IM-1231/0.png", "CXR2799_IM-1231/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3682_IM-1834", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "CXR3682_IM-1834/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3388_IM-1633", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Stable calcification in the left upper lobe, XXXX representing a granuloma. No focal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3388_IM-1633/0.png", "CXR3388_IM-1633/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3523_IM-1721", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change right anterior soft tissue surgical clips. Configuration of breast shadows on the PA view suggests prior right lumpectomy.", "image_path": [ "CXR3523_IM-1721/0.png", "CXR3523_IM-1721/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3657_IM-1818", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.", "image_path": [ "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "CXR3657_IM-1818/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3271_IM-1552", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3271_IM-1552/0.png", "CXR3271_IM-1552/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3359_IM-1612", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR3359_IM-1612/0.png", "CXR3359_IM-1612/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2197_IM-0807", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are XXXX opacities which appear to XXXX XXXX above the right XXXX fissure. There is mild thickening in the fissure. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2197_IM-0807/0.png", "CXR2197_IM-0807/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1953_IM-0621", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1953_IM-0621/0.png", "CXR1953_IM-0621/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3651_IM-1813", "report": "Blunting of the costophrenic XXXX XXXX represents scarring. No pleural effusion is identified on the lateral view. There is no focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits are in the pulmonary vasculature is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3651_IM-1813/0.png", "CXR3651_IM-1813/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR700_IM-2265", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Osteopenia with mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR700_IM-2265/0.png", "CXR700_IM-2265/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3171_IM-1494", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "CXR3171_IM-1494/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view.", "image_path": [ "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2081_IM-0713", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "CXR2081_IM-0713/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1943_IM-0612", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "CXR1943_IM-0612/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR379_IM-1903", "report": "There has been interval placement of a dual-lumen dialysis catheter with the distal tip projected over the right atrium. Moderate cardiomegaly is identified. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. XXXX airspace opacities are identified with bilateral pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR379_IM-1903/0.png", "CXR379_IM-1903/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1586_IM-0380", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal opacities. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. There is XXXX deformities involving multiple vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine which appear stable compared to the previous exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR1586_IM-0380/0.png", "CXR1586_IM-0380/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1965_IM-0629", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. There are bilateral interstitial opacities, increased since the previous exam. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1965_IM-0629/0.png", "CXR1965_IM-0629/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR759_IM-2309", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is ectasia of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR759_IM-2309/0.png", "CXR759_IM-2309/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR663_IM-2239", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR663_IM-2239/0.png", "CXR663_IM-2239/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR657_IM-2233-0001", "report": "Heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR657_IM-2233-0001/0.png", "CXR657_IM-2233-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR23_IM-0879", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR23_IM-0879/0.png", "CXR23_IM-0879/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1560_IM-0366", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "CXR1560_IM-0366/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR353_IM-1726", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. There is improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema with mild residual. There is minimal right-sided pleural effusion. Heart silhouette is not enlarged. There is calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There is no pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "CXR353_IM-1726/0.png", "CXR353_IM-1726/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3860_IM-1954", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3860_IM-1954/0.png", "CXR3860_IM-1954/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3958_IM-2022", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "CXR3958_IM-2022/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3889_IM-1973", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3889_IM-1973/0.png", "CXR3889_IM-1973/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1539_IM-0349", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1539_IM-0349/0.png", "CXR1539_IM-0349/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR307_IM-1432", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR307_IM-1432/0.png", "CXR307_IM-1432/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2285_IM-0870", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "CXR2285_IM-0870/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3489_IM-1696", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3489_IM-1696/0.png", "CXR3489_IM-1696/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2000_IM-0654", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "CXR2000_IM-0654/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2082_IM-0714", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "CXR2082_IM-0714/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1346_IM-0224", "report": "There is a right chest XXXX with catheter tip at the cavoatrial junction. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1346_IM-0224/0.png", "CXR1346_IM-0224/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1431_IM-0278", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1431_IM-0278/0.png", "CXR1431_IM-0278/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3193_IM-1505", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "CXR3193_IM-1505/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2743_IM-1197", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Normal heart size. Calcific aorta. Normal vascular markings. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2743_IM-1197/0.png", "CXR2743_IM-1197/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2179_IM-0791", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "CXR2179_IM-0791/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2086_IM-0717", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2086_IM-0717/0.png", "CXR2086_IM-0717/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR689_IM-2257", "report": "Three noncalcified lung nodules are present in the left lower lobe. The largest measures 3.5 mm in diameter. Another nodule is present near the right hilum. It is approximately 2 cm in diameter. The XXXX and mediastinum appear normal. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR689_IM-2257/0.png", "CXR689_IM-2257/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2552_IM-1058", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR2552_IM-1058/0.png", "CXR2552_IM-1058/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2865_IM-1273", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. XXXX closure device demonstrated projecting over the right heart. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2865_IM-1273/0.png", "CXR2865_IM-1273/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR661_IM-2238", "report": "Spinal stimulator in XXXX. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR661_IM-2238/0.png", "CXR661_IM-2238/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH.", "image_path": [ "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2706_IM-1172", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes are seen throughout the spine and both XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2706_IM-1172/0.png", "CXR2706_IM-1172/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1591_IM-0384", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "CXR1591_IM-0384/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1085_IM-0059", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "CXR1085_IM-0059/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3672_IM-1828", "report": "Stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis. Sternotomy XXXX. Aortic calcifications. Mild interstitial edema. No focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "CXR3672_IM-1828/0.png", "CXR3672_IM-1828/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3302_IM-1579", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "CXR3302_IM-1579/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2631_IM-1118", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Interval placement of right humeral prosthesis, incompletely evaluated. Incompletely evaluated the lumbar spine fusion XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "CXR2631_IM-1118/0.png", "CXR2631_IM-1118/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR491_IM-2111", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. There is improved lung volumes bilaterally with persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR491_IM-2111/0.png", "CXR491_IM-2111/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR764_IM-2311", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR764_IM-2311/0.png", "CXR764_IM-2311/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR605_IM-2194", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "CXR605_IM-2194/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR710_IM-2273", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe.", "image_path": [ "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "CXR710_IM-2273/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2618_IM-1107", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Small focal retrocardiac lung opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2618_IM-1107/0.png", "CXR2618_IM-1107/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3039_IM-1412", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "CXR3039_IM-1412/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3721_IM-1859", "report": "Streaky opacity is noted within the left lung base which may represent focal area of atelectasis. Right lung is grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3721_IM-1859/0.png", "CXR3721_IM-1859/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001", "report": "XXXX XXXX right-sided chest tube tip now projects outside the thoracic cavity. No definite residual pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are low lung volumes. No large pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. Small amount of subdiaphragmatic free air.", "image_path": [ "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/0.png", "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2558_IM-1062", "report": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2558_IM-1062/0.png", "CXR2558_IM-1062/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR386_IM-1954", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR386_IM-1954/0.png", "CXR386_IM-1954/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR380_IM-1911", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "CXR380_IM-1911/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1701_IM-0462", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "CXR1701_IM-0462/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3964_IM-2028", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "CXR3964_IM-2028/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR238_IM-0939", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR238_IM-0939/0.png", "CXR238_IM-0939/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2247_IM-0844", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "CXR2247_IM-0844/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR908_IM-2413", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are calcified nodules projecting in the right upper lung. Mediastinal contours appear normal. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips are identified in the right neck and left mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "CXR908_IM-2413/0.png", "CXR908_IM-2413/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3170_IM-1494", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "CXR3170_IM-1494/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR768_IM-2313", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "CXR768_IM-2313/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3118_IM-1466", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "CXR3118_IM-1466/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1738_IM-0486", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "CXR1738_IM-0486/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1109_IM-0076", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1109_IM-0076/0.png", "CXR1109_IM-0076/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR968_IM-2458", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "CXR968_IM-2458/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1543_IM-0353", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality. Large hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR1543_IM-0353/0.png", "CXR1543_IM-0353/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1960_IM-0627", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "CXR1960_IM-0627/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR937_IM-2433", "report": "Normal cardiac size. Normal pulmonary vasculature. No airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax. Negative for acute osseous deformity. The thoracic spine has a normal appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR937_IM-2433/0.png", "CXR937_IM-2433/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR912_IM-2417", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR912_IM-2417/0.png", "CXR912_IM-2417/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right pleural effusion is present and appears increased. No pneumothorax is identified. Some scattered XXXX of right base atelectasis are seen. Surgical XXXX remain in XXXX. The left lung appears clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/0.png", "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2211_IM-0818", "report": "There is persistent cardiomegaly with suggestion of left atrial enlargement as evidenced by cardiac contour the lateral image and XXXX density on the frontal image. The lungs are clear. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2211_IM-0818/0.png", "CXR2211_IM-0818/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1855_IM-0555", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There is focal left lateral base airspace disease. There is a 6 mm nodular opacity in the right midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No displaced rib fractures. There is an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck. This is not seen on the comparison. Correlate clinically with history of fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR1855_IM-0555/0.png", "CXR1855_IM-0555/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR502_IM-2120", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "CXR502_IM-2120/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1623_IM-0405", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "CXR1623_IM-0405/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1265_IM-0179", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "CXR1265_IM-0179/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1598_IM-0389", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1598_IM-0389/0.png", "CXR1598_IM-0389/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2355_IM-0919", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "CXR2355_IM-0919/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2290_IM-0874", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2290_IM-0874/0.png", "CXR2290_IM-0874/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3505_IM-1707", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "CXR3505_IM-1707/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2760_IM-1207", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "CXR2760_IM-1207/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3534_IM-1727", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal. Stable right paratracheal prominence, consistent with known calcified lymph node, seen on prior CT chest dated XXXX. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3534_IM-1727/0.png", "CXR3534_IM-1727/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2577_IM-1077", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality. There are XXXX XXXX opacities, atelectasis versus airspace disease. No large effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2577_IM-1077/0.png", "CXR2577_IM-1077/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1110_IM-0076", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "CXR1110_IM-0076/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3083_IM-1442", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR3083_IM-1442/0.png", "CXR3083_IM-1442/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1130_IM-0087", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma is present in the right base. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. In the lateral right base is identified an ill-defined somewhat oblong opacity. This was not present on the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1130_IM-0087/0.png", "CXR1130_IM-0087/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3582_IM-1761", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3582_IM-1761/0.png", "CXR3582_IM-1761/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR613_IM-2200", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR613_IM-2200/0.png", "CXR613_IM-2200/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR591_IM-2186", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma within the left lung base. There is suggestion of a deep sulcus sign on the right. No definite pleural line of pneumothorax visualized. There is age-indeterminate wedging of several midthoracic vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "CXR591_IM-2186/0.png", "CXR591_IM-2186/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2077_IM-0710", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "CXR2077_IM-0710/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1788_IM-0513", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1788_IM-0513/0.png", "CXR1788_IM-0513/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3981_IM-2039", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "CXR3981_IM-2039/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2100_IM-0731", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "CXR2100_IM-0731/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3282_IM-1563", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally, with lungs otherwise grossly clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3282_IM-1563/0.png", "CXR3282_IM-1563/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3321_IM-1588", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3321_IM-1588/0.png", "CXR3321_IM-1588/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR670_IM-2244", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is Stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. There are mild chronic changes without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR670_IM-2244/0.png", "CXR670_IM-2244/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2660_IM-1142", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2660_IM-1142/0.png", "CXR2660_IM-1142/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3933_IM-2004", "report": "The heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3933_IM-2004/0.png", "CXR3933_IM-2004/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1282_IM-0188", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "CXR1282_IM-0188/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3360_IM-1613", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "CXR3360_IM-1613/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1517_IM-0335", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1517_IM-0335/0.png", "CXR1517_IM-0335/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR367_IM-1826", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR367_IM-1826/0.png", "CXR367_IM-1826/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3653_IM-1815", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "CXR3653_IM-1815/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1911_IM-0593", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1911_IM-0593/0.png", "CXR1911_IM-0593/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1117_IM-0079", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is ill-defined airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe. There is focal opacity in the right upper lobe which suggests scar and/or granulomatous calcification. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1117_IM-0079/0.png", "CXR1117_IM-0079/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3576_IM-1757", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3576_IM-1757/0.png", "CXR3576_IM-1757/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2008_IM-0658", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2008_IM-0658/0.png", "CXR2008_IM-0658/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3746_IM-1872", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "CXR3746_IM-1872/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3975_IM-2035", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3975_IM-2035/0.png", "CXR3975_IM-2035/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1280_IM-0187", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1280_IM-0187/0.png", "CXR1280_IM-0187/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3426_IM-1656", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3426_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1466_IM-0302", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "CXR1466_IM-0302/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3722_IM-1859", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3722_IM-1859/0.png", "CXR3722_IM-1859/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1574_IM-0374", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "CXR1574_IM-0374/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2695_IM-1166", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "CXR2695_IM-1166/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1175_IM-0119", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "CXR1175_IM-0119/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR814_IM-2345", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region.", "image_path": [ "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "CXR814_IM-2345/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR442_IM-2078", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "CXR442_IM-2078/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1133_IM-0090", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses. The eventration of the left hemidiaphragm identified previously is largely unchanged since the previous computed tomogram. Pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1133_IM-0090/0.png", "CXR1133_IM-0090/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1601_IM-0390", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "CXR1601_IM-0390/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3810_IM-1920", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "CXR3810_IM-1920/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1683_IM-0449", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "CXR1683_IM-0449/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR859_IM-2380", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "CXR859_IM-2380/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2210_IM-0817", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact..", "image_path": [ "CXR2210_IM-0817/0.png", "CXR2210_IM-0817/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1094_IM-0065", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Left lower lobe XXXX density XXXX representing atelectasis. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1094_IM-0065/0.png", "CXR1094_IM-0065/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR539_IM-2145", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR539_IM-2145/0.png", "CXR539_IM-2145/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1964_IM-0629", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "CXR1964_IM-0629/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1158_IM-0107", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs.", "image_path": [ "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "CXR1158_IM-0107/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2275_IM-0862", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "CXR2275_IM-0862/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR511_IM-2127", "report": "Hyperaerated lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms. Normal heart size. Increased retrosternal airspace. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR511_IM-2127/0.png", "CXR511_IM-2127/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR399_IM-2043", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "CXR399_IM-2043/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR301_IM-1389", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "CXR301_IM-1389/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR391_IM-1986", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "CXR391_IM-1986/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3378_IM-1627", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "CXR3378_IM-1627/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR760_IM-2310", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "CXR760_IM-2310/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3814_IM-1923", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3814_IM-1923/0.png", "CXR3814_IM-1923/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3224_IM-1524", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3224_IM-1524/0.png", "CXR3224_IM-1524/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR929_IM-2427", "report": "No change lung XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right lower lobe. No focal infiltrates. Heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. Aorta normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR929_IM-2427/0.png", "CXR929_IM-2427/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1697_IM-0458", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "CXR1697_IM-0458/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2200_IM-0811", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "CXR2200_IM-0811/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3594_IM-1772", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "CXR3594_IM-1772/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2579_IM-1078", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "CXR2579_IM-1078/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3836_IM-1939", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR3836_IM-1939/0.png", "CXR3836_IM-1939/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3428_IM-1657", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "CXR3428_IM-1657/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1226_IM-0150", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "CXR1226_IM-0150/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR419_IM-2062", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "CXR419_IM-2062/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3196_IM-1507", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "CXR3196_IM-1507/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3976_IM-2035", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR3976_IM-2035/0.png", "CXR3976_IM-2035/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3081_IM-1440", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "CXR3081_IM-1440/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1302_IM-0198", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "CXR1302_IM-0198/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3639_IM-1804", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "CXR3639_IM-1804/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1249_IM-0169", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There are calcified granulomas in the left lower lobe. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1249_IM-0169/0.png", "CXR1249_IM-0169/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR190_IM-0583", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is no obvious lytic or destructive lesion. No displaced rib fracture is evident.", "image_path": [ "CXR190_IM-0583/0.png", "CXR190_IM-0583/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2151_IM-0771", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "CXR2151_IM-0771/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1920_IM-0598", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. Lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1920_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR1920_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3112_IM-1461", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "CXR3112_IM-1461/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2291_IM-0874", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Umbilical piercing.", "image_path": [ "CXR2291_IM-0874/0.png", "CXR2291_IM-0874/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1610_IM-0395", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "CXR1610_IM-0395/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1017_IM-0013", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present", "image_path": [ "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "CXR1017_IM-0013/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1234_IM-0157", "report": "2 images. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There are finding status post sternotomy and CABG. XXXX atelectasis or scar is noted within the left midlung. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1234_IM-0157/0.png", "CXR1234_IM-0157/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3785_IM-1898", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "CXR3785_IM-1898/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR510_IM-2126", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "CXR510_IM-2126/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1972_IM-0633", "report": "There is a XXXX airspace opacity in the left upper lung. Heart size within normal limits. Mild calcification of the aortic XXXX. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR1972_IM-0633/0.png", "CXR1972_IM-0633/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1515_IM-0333", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1515_IM-0333/0.png", "CXR1515_IM-0333/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3123_IM-1468", "report": "The heart is enlarged. Changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft are identified in the lungs are grossly clear. XXXX right pleural thickening versus XXXX pleural effusion is noted. There is no acute infiltrate. No pneumothorax is seen. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3123_IM-1468/0.png", "CXR3123_IM-1468/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR679_IM-2251", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact and unchanged position from prior exam. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR679_IM-2251/0.png", "CXR679_IM-2251/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1851_IM-0553", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1851_IM-0553/0.png", "CXR1851_IM-0553/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3204_IM-1513", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3204_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR264_IM-1125", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. No significant interval change compared to prior study, no XXXX infiltrates noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR264_IM-1125/0.png", "CXR264_IM-1125/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2491_IM-1017", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2491_IM-1017/0.png", "CXR2491_IM-1017/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR94_IM-2436", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "CXR94_IM-2436/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2148_IM-0767", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2148_IM-0767/0.png", "CXR2148_IM-0767/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR278_IM-1218", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "CXR278_IM-1218/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1485_IM-0313", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "CXR1485_IM-0313/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR164_IM-0419", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR164_IM-0419/0.png", "CXR164_IM-0419/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2773_IM-1214", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "CXR2773_IM-1214/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR460_IM-2090", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged", "image_path": [ "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "CXR460_IM-2090/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3898_IM-1978", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3898_IM-1978/0.png", "CXR3898_IM-1978/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1409_IM-0260", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable. No large pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR1409_IM-0260/0.png", "CXR1409_IM-0260/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2078_IM-0710", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "CXR2078_IM-0710/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1236_IM-0158", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "CXR1236_IM-0158/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3798_IM-1911", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Patchy right lower lung opacification is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3798_IM-1911/0.png", "CXR3798_IM-1911/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3997_IM-2048", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Small, nodular opacity in the right upper lobe. This does not look like an acute infiltrate, and more XXXX represents a granuloma. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR3997_IM-2048/0.png", "CXR3997_IM-2048/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2478_IM-1007", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "CXR2478_IM-1007/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1413_IM-0263", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits for AP technique. Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal infiltrate. No visible pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1413_IM-0263/0.png", "CXR1413_IM-0263/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3379_IM-1627", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Borderline cardiomegaly. Minimal retrocardiac airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3379_IM-1627/0.png", "CXR3379_IM-1627/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3442_IM-1667", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "CXR3442_IM-1667/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1034_IM-0028", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Right middle lobe calcified granuloma is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum unchanged. No change hiatus hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR1034_IM-0028/0.png", "CXR1034_IM-0028/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR681_IM-2252-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right PICC line is in XXXX. The tip has moved into the left innominate vein. There has been interval development of several ill-defined focal opacities in the left and right mid lung zones. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/0.png", "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR721_IM-2282", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "CXR721_IM-2282/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1914_IM-0595", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "CXR1914_IM-0595/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR628_IM-2208", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "CXR628_IM-2208/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR368_IM-1832", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR368_IM-1832/0.png", "CXR368_IM-1832/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is right paratracheal density concerning for lymphadenopathy. There are patchy right upper lobe streaky opacities. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/0.png", "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR383_IM-1932", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "CXR383_IM-1932/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1393_IM-0251", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "CXR1393_IM-0251/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3816_IM-1925", "report": "Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. No non-calcified nodules are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3816_IM-1925/0.png", "CXR3816_IM-1925/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3522_IM-1720", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3522_IM-1720/0.png", "CXR3522_IM-1720/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1739_IM-0487", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs.", "image_path": [ "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "CXR1739_IM-0487/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR659_IM-2235", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Low lung volumes with no focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. Moderate degenerative disc disease in the midthoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR659_IM-2235/0.png", "CXR659_IM-2235/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3578_IM-1758", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "CXR3578_IM-1758/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2130_IM-0755", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. There is interstitial pulmonary edema with the presence of XXXX B-lines. There is no pneumothorax. There is an oval, 17 mm nodular opacity projecting between the posterior left 5th and 6th ribs. There is a 10 mm nodular density projecting over the right posterior 4th rib. There is a XXXX posterior effusion. Normal mediastinal silhouette. T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR2130_IM-0755/0.png", "CXR2130_IM-0755/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3609_IM-1782", "report": "There is borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3609_IM-1782/0.png", "CXR3609_IM-1782/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1523_IM-0339", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "CXR1523_IM-0339/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2138_IM-0760", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "CXR2138_IM-0760/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR261_IM-1100", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "CXR261_IM-1100/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1640_IM-0420", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "CXR1640_IM-0420/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1919_IM-0598", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR1919_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR421_IM-2064", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Negative for pneumoperitoneum.", "image_path": [ "CXR421_IM-2064/0.png", "CXR421_IM-2064/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1853_IM-0555", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "CXR1853_IM-0555/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR97_IM-2460", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "CXR97_IM-2460/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2787_IM-1222", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2787_IM-1222/0.png", "CXR2787_IM-1222/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2608_IM-1098", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "CXR2608_IM-1098/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2108_IM-0738", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2108_IM-0738/0.png", "CXR2108_IM-0738/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3846_IM-1946", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "CXR3846_IM-1946/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR450_IM-2082", "report": "No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR450_IM-2082/0.png", "CXR450_IM-2082/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3173_IM-1495", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "CXR3173_IM-1495/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1681_IM-0448", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "CXR1681_IM-0448/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR352_IM-1718", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The trachea is midline. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR352_IM-1718/0.png", "CXR352_IM-1718/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3519_IM-1717", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "CXR3519_IM-1717/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3589_IM-1767", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity stable and within normal limits. Lung volumes are slightly low. There are streaky left basal opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. No free air is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3589_IM-1767/0.png", "CXR3589_IM-1767/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1685_IM-0449", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "CXR1685_IM-0449/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3180_IM-1500", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3180_IM-1500/0.png", "CXR3180_IM-1500/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2733_IM-1189", "report": "Bibasilar airspace opacities, right greater than left. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2733_IM-1189/0.png", "CXR2733_IM-1189/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR699_IM-2263", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "CXR699_IM-2263/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3849_IM-1947", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Degenerative disease is seen in the thoracic spine and left XXXX XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3849_IM-1947/0.png", "CXR3849_IM-1947/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2616_IM-1106", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "CXR2616_IM-1106/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR745_IM-2299", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "CXR745_IM-2299/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1011_IM-0013", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "CXR1011_IM-0013/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2052_IM-0690", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Scattered granulomatous changes. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax is unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR2052_IM-0690/0.png", "CXR2052_IM-0690/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2529_IM-1044", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "CXR2529_IM-1044/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2074_IM-0708", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "CXR2074_IM-0708/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3294_IM-1573", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. A calcified granuloma is identified in the right middle lobe. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3294_IM-1573/0.png", "CXR3294_IM-1573/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR543_IM-2148", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "CXR543_IM-2148/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001", "report": "There are multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. For example, there is a 12 mm left lower lobe nodule, XXXX seen on the frontal view. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The left hilar contour is prominent. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/0.png", "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2259_IM-0850", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "CXR2259_IM-0850/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1180_IM-0123", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity to the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1180_IM-0123/0.png", "CXR1180_IM-0123/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR106_IM-0042", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR106_IM-0042/0.png", "CXR106_IM-0042/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2243_IM-0840", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "CXR2243_IM-0840/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR76_IM-2309", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "CXR76_IM-2309/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3570_IM-1754", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "CXR3570_IM-1754/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3139_IM-1476", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3139_IM-1476/0.png", "CXR3139_IM-1476/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1273_IM-0183", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "CXR1273_IM-0183/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3449_IM-1672", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "CXR3449_IM-1672/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3384_IM-1631", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "CXR3384_IM-1631/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR622_IM-2204", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "CXR622_IM-2204/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1873_IM-0565", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "CXR1873_IM-0565/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification.", "image_path": [ "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1472_IM-0305", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "CXR1472_IM-0305/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR260_IM-1090", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins.", "image_path": [ "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "CXR260_IM-1090/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1526_IM-0341", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable. There is motion artifact on the lateral radiograph.", "image_path": [ "CXR1526_IM-0341/0.png", "CXR1526_IM-0341/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR145_IM-0290", "report": "Right costophrenic XXXX is blunted. In the left lower lobe a patchy infiltrate is present. The pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR145_IM-0290/0.png", "CXR145_IM-0290/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR93_IM-2428", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR93_IM-2428/0.png", "CXR93_IM-2428/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR429_IM-2070", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no definite evidence of acute fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR429_IM-2070/0.png", "CXR429_IM-2070/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR13_IM-0198", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Otherwise, there is no focal opacity. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR13_IM-0198/0.png", "CXR13_IM-0198/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1113_IM-0078", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "CXR1113_IM-0078/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3423_IM-1656", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3423_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3878_IM-1968", "report": "Postop changes of CABG with mild cardiomegaly. There is an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3878_IM-1968/0.png", "CXR3878_IM-1968/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3422_IM-1656", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3422_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1429_IM-0275", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1429_IM-0275/0.png", "CXR1429_IM-0275/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR107_IM-0049", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR107_IM-0049/0.png", "CXR107_IM-0049/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR753_IM-2306", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR753_IM-2306/0.png", "CXR753_IM-2306/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2924_IM-1327", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "CXR2924_IM-1327/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR950_IM-2446", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR950_IM-2446/0.png", "CXR950_IM-2446/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3430_IM-1659", "report": "Heart size mildly to moderately enlarged, distal tip dual-lumen catheter near the caval atrial junction. Mild vascular cephalization, no definite interstitial changes of pulmonary edema, no focal alveolar consolidation. No pleural effusion XXXX demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3430_IM-1659/0.png", "CXR3430_IM-1659/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR3772_IM-1891", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "CXR3772_IM-1891/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR290_IM-1303", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are multiple surgical XXXX seen near the apical regions and lower cervical region bilaterally. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is a screw in the right shoulder. The soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR290_IM-1303/0.png", "CXR290_IM-1303/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR458_IM-2089", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule.", "image_path": [ "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "CXR458_IM-2089/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2_IM-0652", "report": "Borderline cardiomegaly. Midline sternotomy XXXX. Enlarged pulmonary arteries. Clear lungs. Inferior XXXX XXXX XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2_IM-0652/0.png", "CXR2_IM-0652/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR64_IM-2218", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "CXR64_IM-2218/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2612_IM-1103", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2612_IM-1103/0.png", "CXR2612_IM-1103/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1004_IM-0005", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "CXR1004_IM-0005/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR226_IM-0851", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "CXR226_IM-0851/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR1708_IM-0466", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Calcified lymph XXXX are identified in the left infrahilar region. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1708_IM-0466/0.png", "CXR1708_IM-0466/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR2312_IM-0887", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "CXR2312_IM-0887/1.png" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "CXR49_IM-2110", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "CXR49_IM-2110/1.png" ], "split": "test" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/test/report/mimic_test.json ================================================ [ { "id": "0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda", "study_id": 53078789, "subject_id": 15518538, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e", "study_id": 56605732, "subject_id": 18570152, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd", "study_id": 59343122, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513", "study_id": 51246566, "subject_id": 18828251, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa", "study_id": 52874049, "subject_id": 17327592, "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88", "study_id": 56836177, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0", "study_id": 55484286, "subject_id": 17318449, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18", "study_id": 50482541, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66", "study_id": 54300688, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c", "study_id": 51584806, "subject_id": 19800337, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6", "study_id": 53138800, "subject_id": 14353044, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf", "study_id": 53567752, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f", "study_id": 50792961, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f", "study_id": 57137730, "subject_id": 18615099, "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a", "study_id": 52072042, "subject_id": 17257913, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc", "study_id": 54472974, "subject_id": 13762730, "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a", "study_id": 54280501, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9", "study_id": 58929044, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0", "study_id": 59239338, "subject_id": 10402372, "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd", "study_id": 56618763, "subject_id": 18079481, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9", "study_id": 59589248, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee", "study_id": 53302552, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86", "study_id": 50801992, "subject_id": 16672854, "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf", "study_id": 55499601, "subject_id": 19389547, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350", "study_id": 56917340, "subject_id": 18512911, "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945", "study_id": 58039954, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4", "study_id": 50682888, "subject_id": 19404187, "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8", "study_id": 50425233, "subject_id": 14992360, "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d", "study_id": 59286076, "subject_id": 19028690, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8", "study_id": 56680924, "subject_id": 13135946, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351", "study_id": 50149345, "subject_id": 19757720, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3", "study_id": 50453673, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd", "study_id": 54614605, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9", "study_id": 58351865, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f", "study_id": 51836430, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed", "study_id": 51184012, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815", "study_id": 58094975, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476", "study_id": 50382515, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d", "study_id": 50654010, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23", "study_id": 58001075, "subject_id": 18067737, "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4", "study_id": 57667161, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5", "study_id": 53025898, "subject_id": 12847817, "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917", "study_id": 56858524, "subject_id": 18487334, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2", "study_id": 54899257, "subject_id": 17763117, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036", "study_id": 54232340, "subject_id": 12736592, "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b", "study_id": 59862902, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9", "study_id": 55874928, "subject_id": 15094735, "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191", "study_id": 55670303, "subject_id": 12538508, "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763", "study_id": 55198163, "subject_id": 17189198, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00", "study_id": 59503672, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef", "study_id": 57330459, "subject_id": 12699874, "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446", "study_id": 53225437, "subject_id": 12530259, "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a", "study_id": 50545797, "subject_id": 17962324, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e", "study_id": 55266015, "subject_id": 15541869, "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58", "study_id": 53339862, "subject_id": 11673948, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f", "study_id": 52078894, "subject_id": 14312560, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331", "study_id": 54849848, "subject_id": 10886362, "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c", "study_id": 51844819, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0", "study_id": 52606958, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21", "study_id": 59440363, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4", "study_id": 55610892, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937", "study_id": 55255832, "subject_id": 11893091, "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff", "study_id": 54218896, "subject_id": 12303667, "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444", "study_id": 56116675, "subject_id": 16435402, "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166", "study_id": 59450064, "subject_id": 19150427, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743", "study_id": 54759244, "subject_id": 13448574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0", "study_id": 57765703, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35", "study_id": 59108077, "subject_id": 13896515, "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e", "study_id": 52937624, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb", "study_id": 57258004, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892", "study_id": 54211038, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7", "study_id": 50301215, "subject_id": 10886362, "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d", "study_id": 53462705, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249", "study_id": 57977763, "subject_id": 13881772, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4", "study_id": 57988903, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3", "study_id": 55736427, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9", "study_id": 50492868, "subject_id": 18487334, "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d", "study_id": 55336208, "subject_id": 16751749, "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4", "study_id": 56951123, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54", "study_id": 51511674, "subject_id": 19150427, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197", "study_id": 58581234, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597", "study_id": 53417168, "subject_id": 13606683, "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac", "study_id": 54770541, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b", "study_id": 59480739, "subject_id": 18615099, "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720", "study_id": 54611996, "subject_id": 16334516, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667", "study_id": 52793175, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3", "study_id": 52589781, "subject_id": 14177219, "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb", "study_id": 56129930, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6", "study_id": 56605732, "subject_id": 18570152, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671", "study_id": 57032496, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b", "study_id": 50211839, "subject_id": 13881772, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41", "study_id": 50020371, "subject_id": 15758946, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e", "study_id": 50406925, "subject_id": 13078497, "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c", "study_id": 51280998, "subject_id": 12699874, "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1", "study_id": 53619001, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4", "study_id": 54389393, "subject_id": 11052273, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee", "study_id": 53424979, "subject_id": 18615099, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d", "study_id": 53386512, "subject_id": 15393401, "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f", "study_id": 59956784, "subject_id": 12189285, "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869", "study_id": 58369249, "subject_id": 14794396, "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555", "study_id": 54907683, "subject_id": 16015751, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4", "study_id": 53656059, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517", "study_id": 57049495, "subject_id": 14727722, "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70", "study_id": 51503417, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8", "study_id": 50184397, "subject_id": 14081759, "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d", "study_id": 55331519, "subject_id": 13078497, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40", "study_id": 57390903, "subject_id": 19499595, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354", "study_id": 50882034, "subject_id": 13031876, "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7", "study_id": 55853389, "subject_id": 16875792, "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c", "study_id": 50966773, "subject_id": 13921768, "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c", "study_id": 59828891, "subject_id": 13896515, "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7", "study_id": 50717913, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b", "study_id": 59787158, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816", "study_id": 58611846, "subject_id": 13067703, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540", "study_id": 56094236, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0", "study_id": 58701930, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d", "study_id": 54479348, "subject_id": 15809646, "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a", "study_id": 59800551, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c", "study_id": 56465441, "subject_id": 16055653, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0", "study_id": 56761306, "subject_id": 19016834, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583", "study_id": 55169735, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552", "study_id": 57765976, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955", "study_id": 58307391, "subject_id": 10274145, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b", "study_id": 53825501, "subject_id": 11569093, "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40", "study_id": 57798090, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd", "study_id": 57345846, "subject_id": 13979643, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87", "study_id": 52019812, "subject_id": 15032623, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278", "study_id": 56991236, "subject_id": 13291370, "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5", "study_id": 53035658, "subject_id": 19720782, "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62", "study_id": 57622301, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb", "study_id": 56513752, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076", "study_id": 52891865, "subject_id": 16672854, "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489", "study_id": 53780576, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396", "study_id": 55596851, "subject_id": 19765968, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341", "study_id": 54225810, "subject_id": 17189198, "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14", "study_id": 59685259, "subject_id": 19499595, "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17", "study_id": 54247614, "subject_id": 13881772, "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d", "study_id": 54602632, "subject_id": 19991135, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100", "study_id": 59343122, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e", "study_id": 51887095, "subject_id": 11569093, "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a", "study_id": 51227270, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a", "study_id": 53158366, "subject_id": 13450581, "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c", "study_id": 56093476, "subject_id": 15881535, "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1", "study_id": 53418217, "subject_id": 17763117, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af", "study_id": 55316579, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff", "study_id": 52943383, "subject_id": 10523725, "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65", "study_id": 58857549, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885", "study_id": 56012267, "subject_id": 19016834, "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1", "study_id": 50640370, "subject_id": 18417750, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6", "study_id": 56592251, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0", "study_id": 50093776, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04", "study_id": 59203230, "subject_id": 18835687, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5", "study_id": 59891992, "subject_id": 15438386, "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7", "study_id": 59372049, "subject_id": 19748558, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589", "study_id": 51877138, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0", "study_id": 51002383, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc", "study_id": 55799349, "subject_id": 13484161, "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4", "study_id": 57254304, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691", "study_id": 55420918, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb", "study_id": 50957430, "subject_id": 12736592, "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652", "study_id": 53598647, "subject_id": 13881772, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692", "study_id": 53504804, "subject_id": 19844485, "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8", "study_id": 51788928, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb", "study_id": 55108847, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd", "study_id": 50247294, "subject_id": 12433541, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa", "study_id": 53631792, "subject_id": 18460230, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d", "study_id": 56216565, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56", "study_id": 54355585, "subject_id": 15840907, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f", "study_id": 53183707, "subject_id": 10274145, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae", "study_id": 58084217, "subject_id": 16751749, "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6", "study_id": 56258422, "subject_id": 11022245, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978", "study_id": 59369967, "subject_id": 12963531, "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474", "study_id": 59502822, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0", "study_id": 58773373, "subject_id": 16772702, "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0", "study_id": 52279876, "subject_id": 19765968, "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45", "study_id": 51323886, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23", "study_id": 59847128, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a", "study_id": 52072042, "subject_id": 17257913, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe", "study_id": 58057712, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257", "study_id": 59509358, "subject_id": 19061282, "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9", "study_id": 57848354, "subject_id": 11474065, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8", "study_id": 56373739, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5", "study_id": 55746776, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a", "study_id": 57456610, "subject_id": 19028690, "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608", "study_id": 53574399, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c", "study_id": 57883497, "subject_id": 19454978, "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9", "study_id": 50139124, "subject_id": 18079481, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597", "study_id": 54716295, "subject_id": 18487334, "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052", "study_id": 56997833, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec", "study_id": 51339993, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4", "study_id": 54392033, "subject_id": 18978682, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79", "study_id": 55372843, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53", "study_id": 57801123, "subject_id": 18088200, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c", "study_id": 50255843, "subject_id": 17270742, "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021", "study_id": 55596851, "subject_id": 19765968, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf", "study_id": 54773340, "subject_id": 10449297, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692", "study_id": 59688743, "subject_id": 15114531, "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89", "study_id": 52841174, "subject_id": 17669276, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14", "study_id": 50966773, "subject_id": 13921768, "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216", "study_id": 52937462, "subject_id": 10885696, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b", "study_id": 57001251, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2", "study_id": 57171514, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29", "study_id": 59225625, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f", "study_id": 50291999, "subject_id": 12595991, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a", "study_id": 56233609, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34", "study_id": 59873070, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2", "study_id": 52052294, "subject_id": 16050730, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa", "study_id": 51882937, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f", "study_id": 59804376, "subject_id": 16334516, "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937", "study_id": 55946640, "subject_id": 19016834, "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae", "study_id": 51718410, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40", "study_id": 50319774, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87", "study_id": 52702994, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500", "study_id": 54023727, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03", "study_id": 51986565, "subject_id": 15114531, "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300", "study_id": 53607277, "subject_id": 16773796, "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42", "study_id": 59022336, "subject_id": 14727722, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc", "study_id": 55167068, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517", "study_id": 59560734, "subject_id": 13849733, "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d", "study_id": 57802287, "subject_id": 10410641, "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097", "study_id": 55693842, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0", "study_id": 58641137, "subject_id": 17032538, "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee", "study_id": 52356321, "subject_id": 11607628, "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91", "study_id": 57339166, "subject_id": 15840907, "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288", "study_id": 57873452, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948", "study_id": 57424140, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a", "study_id": 54949810, "subject_id": 17704774, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029", "study_id": 58495629, "subject_id": 19757720, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa", "study_id": 50126222, "subject_id": 11022245, "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f", "study_id": 59144799, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88", "study_id": 56018459, "subject_id": 18088200, "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b", "study_id": 57334765, "subject_id": 16435402, "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b", "study_id": 52624179, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09", "study_id": 52578479, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3", "study_id": 51148398, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa", "study_id": 56129930, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c", "study_id": 51070813, "subject_id": 14177219, "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30", "study_id": 59287720, "subject_id": 15378103, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274", "study_id": 51244125, "subject_id": 11512104, "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016", "study_id": 58198532, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19", "study_id": 54265960, "subject_id": 18615099, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6", "study_id": 57420525, "subject_id": 17257913, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88", "study_id": 53546263, "subject_id": 13606683, "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1", "study_id": 59142109, "subject_id": 16622813, "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677", "study_id": 56805129, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6", "study_id": 54830140, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd", "study_id": 51131475, "subject_id": 18338007, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35", "study_id": 58000887, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e", "study_id": 55499739, "subject_id": 19731864, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34", "study_id": 53292802, "subject_id": 14556809, "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf", "study_id": 55652987, "subject_id": 19720782, "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988", "study_id": 57663243, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4", "study_id": 55878458, "subject_id": 10715477, "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743", "study_id": 59762262, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493", "study_id": 56614076, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339", "study_id": 54355585, "subject_id": 15840907, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562", "study_id": 58128416, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a", "study_id": 56990167, "subject_id": 11924226, "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c", "study_id": 57801123, "subject_id": 18088200, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b", "study_id": 59638609, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478", "study_id": 58283482, "subject_id": 19991135, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6", "study_id": 59375123, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c", "study_id": 52356800, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1", "study_id": 59721249, "subject_id": 16043240, "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026", "study_id": 59918608, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584", "study_id": 51435164, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7", "study_id": 54973829, "subject_id": 12074041, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "06da0b0e-ad407abe-e199913d-e079da96-22a7c445", "study_id": 54073075, "subject_id": 13586204, "report": "impression: 1. Continued improvement in pulmonary edema.\n 2. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Since the previous radiograph, there has been continued improvement\n in the previously described pulmonary edema. There are moderate bilateral\n effusions, which are unchanged. There are small bibasilar hazy opacities\n consistent with atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n Cervical hardware is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13586204/s54073075/06da0b0e-ad407abe-e199913d-e079da96-22a7c445.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29", "study_id": 56619225, "subject_id": 17147859, "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28", "study_id": 56290236, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb", "study_id": 53414987, "subject_id": 19389547, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158", "study_id": 56969126, "subject_id": 17770657, "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5", "study_id": 53276158, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356", "study_id": 55779414, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3", "study_id": 51966612, "subject_id": 10402372, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee", "study_id": 55430187, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90", "study_id": 57929429, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac", "study_id": 57363067, "subject_id": 11934114, "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01", "study_id": 50720959, "subject_id": 11880923, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a", "study_id": 50205123, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945", "study_id": 55430988, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f", "study_id": 59691119, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce", "study_id": 57231469, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee", "study_id": 52110747, "subject_id": 14556809, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8", "study_id": 55715754, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f", "study_id": 50848467, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d", "study_id": 55101140, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32", "study_id": 57242265, "subject_id": 13606683, "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904", "study_id": 58929701, "subject_id": 12963531, "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77", "study_id": 59044985, "subject_id": 18110020, "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39", "study_id": 54625738, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b", "study_id": 51024049, "subject_id": 17770657, "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92", "study_id": 54753684, "subject_id": 13979643, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea", "study_id": 55553875, "subject_id": 12966004, "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b", "study_id": 59332553, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853", "study_id": 50943671, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51", "study_id": 54167884, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb", "study_id": 59999362, "subject_id": 15518538, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb", "study_id": 51988570, "subject_id": 12074041, "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233", "study_id": 51584806, "subject_id": 19800337, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0", "study_id": 55187337, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc", "study_id": 52864337, "subject_id": 13078497, "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e", "study_id": 57833493, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9", "study_id": 56970093, "subject_id": 19061282, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04", "study_id": 54783326, "subject_id": 13353878, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047", "study_id": 55696171, "subject_id": 12736592, "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b", "study_id": 50149345, "subject_id": 19757720, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82", "study_id": 56477444, "subject_id": 12658295, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8", "study_id": 59610928, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0", "study_id": 56632211, "subject_id": 18828251, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f", "study_id": 51150576, "subject_id": 16319601, "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db", "study_id": 54811277, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75", "study_id": 50438261, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee", "study_id": 59044011, "subject_id": 19389547, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb", "study_id": 54882267, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318", "study_id": 51392471, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2", "study_id": 50036264, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb", "study_id": 59633653, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543", "study_id": 51946836, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1", "study_id": 56673612, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7", "study_id": 58306324, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6", "study_id": 59962443, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237", "study_id": 53537165, "subject_id": 11052273, "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4", "study_id": 58706366, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544", "study_id": 57332361, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9", "study_id": 53469163, "subject_id": 12847817, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7", "study_id": 50844481, "subject_id": 17770657, "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432", "study_id": 51031461, "subject_id": 16409152, "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d", "study_id": 52697942, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34", "study_id": 59828891, "subject_id": 13896515, "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3", "study_id": 59631450, "subject_id": 14147787, "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8", "study_id": 59196954, "subject_id": 11880923, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036", "study_id": 59610928, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127", "study_id": 59219088, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060", "study_id": 56749558, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1", "study_id": 59735304, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8", "study_id": 56055109, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13", "study_id": 59521539, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2", "study_id": 50457087, "subject_id": 11052935, "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55", "study_id": 51326934, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4", "study_id": 58191597, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0", "study_id": 50282926, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0", "study_id": 51762961, "subject_id": 15114531, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604", "study_id": 55034480, "subject_id": 13896515, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474", "study_id": 57219522, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad", "study_id": 54733030, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220", "study_id": 58107496, "subject_id": 13606683, "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f", "study_id": 55782701, "subject_id": 17318449, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5", "study_id": 54742755, "subject_id": 19991135, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269", "study_id": 53053450, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d", "study_id": 56362705, "subject_id": 16116557, "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3", "study_id": 58147681, "subject_id": 16313531, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c", "study_id": 55564287, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e", "study_id": 50170739, "subject_id": 18893199, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad", "study_id": 56573421, "subject_id": 19549821, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c", "study_id": 51478052, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3", "study_id": 50620952, "subject_id": 12475198, "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be", "study_id": 54934220, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb", "study_id": 58807210, "subject_id": 13762730, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481", "study_id": 55492069, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7", "study_id": 59698565, "subject_id": 18570152, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38", "study_id": 55557117, "subject_id": 13078497, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6", "study_id": 55939586, "subject_id": 17396677, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80", "study_id": 58056585, "subject_id": 18067737, "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3", "study_id": 57361130, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88", "study_id": 57086484, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33", "study_id": 51820068, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa", "study_id": 56483572, "subject_id": 19075045, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890", "study_id": 56237499, "subject_id": 14213287, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d", "study_id": 56051681, "subject_id": 11924226, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1", "study_id": 52169517, "subject_id": 17163861, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f", "study_id": 58936592, "subject_id": 17838301, "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e", "study_id": 51096107, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f", "study_id": 59053386, "subject_id": 15186992, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad", "study_id": 50165831, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1", "study_id": 52019812, "subject_id": 15032623, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3", "study_id": 57001920, "subject_id": 14177219, "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9", "study_id": 53377112, "subject_id": 18487334, "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d", "study_id": 58107496, "subject_id": 13606683, "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37", "study_id": 52488909, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7", "study_id": 54026146, "subject_id": 16043637, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff", "study_id": 58773579, "subject_id": 11540283, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e", "study_id": 56218099, "subject_id": 12530259, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442", "study_id": 50416709, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748", "study_id": 57088454, "subject_id": 19499595, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75", "study_id": 50845269, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39", "study_id": 58071016, "subject_id": 19075045, "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a", "study_id": 54028344, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314", "study_id": 55086195, "subject_id": 19028690, "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1", "study_id": 52152296, "subject_id": 11934114, "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d8b6b619-9e181de2-c46adb2d-08194ead-eefd7108", "study_id": 56277244, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: Pneumonia involving the medial segment of the right middle lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is right\n middle lobe consolidation involving the medial segment. Otherwise, the lungs\n are clear. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s56277244/d8b6b619-9e181de2-c46adb2d-08194ead-eefd7108.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7", "study_id": 52269494, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56", "study_id": 54050506, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730", "study_id": 57667222, "subject_id": 17897339, "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf", "study_id": 57955448, "subject_id": 16751749, "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb", "study_id": 54351633, "subject_id": 11204646, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e", "study_id": 52971146, "subject_id": 17770657, "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff", "study_id": 51866834, "subject_id": 11204646, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c", "study_id": 50501762, "subject_id": 10439781, "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2", "study_id": 50994417, "subject_id": 15438386, "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20", "study_id": 58084420, "subject_id": 16773796, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f", "study_id": 55878458, "subject_id": 10715477, "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354", "study_id": 52056700, "subject_id": 18929056, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065", "study_id": 57976054, "subject_id": 16409152, "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4", "study_id": 56241369, "subject_id": 16360107, "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a", "study_id": 50324889, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43", "study_id": 53012323, "subject_id": 18343726, "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb", "study_id": 50818829, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c", "study_id": 52971492, "subject_id": 13023326, "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4", "study_id": 59071382, "subject_id": 10867202, "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e", "study_id": 51889790, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1", "study_id": 52412265, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564", "study_id": 54907683, "subject_id": 16015751, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d", "study_id": 59698726, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb", "study_id": 58833368, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419", "study_id": 57739082, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f", "study_id": 54507407, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95", "study_id": 53352013, "subject_id": 12124741, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779", "study_id": 59438963, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c", "study_id": 55011437, "subject_id": 14504940, "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc", "study_id": 57697281, "subject_id": 13120957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69", "study_id": 59047668, "subject_id": 18417750, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25", "study_id": 50706776, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c", "study_id": 58936592, "subject_id": 17838301, "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964", "study_id": 58495524, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146", "study_id": 50241018, "subject_id": 11924226, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3", "study_id": 51229977, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5", "study_id": 55410841, "subject_id": 15378103, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a", "study_id": 54058678, "subject_id": 15446959, "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d", "study_id": 55743226, "subject_id": 11378150, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dfd7957a-264424c1-2d9c4a61-2b5aa381-f6983154", "study_id": 54135185, "subject_id": 14608347, "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate hiatal hernia.\n 2. No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of aspiration. Findings: Air-fluid levels are identified within the\n previously visualized retrocardiac opacity, findings consistent with a stable\n moderate hiatal hernia. The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There is no vascular congestion or pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14608347/s54135185/dfd7957a-264424c1-2d9c4a61-2b5aa381-f6983154.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37", "study_id": 55400628, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67", "study_id": 57681546, "subject_id": 15378103, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d", "study_id": 50879902, "subject_id": 10402372, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0", "study_id": 50476602, "subject_id": 16875792, "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___", "image_path": [ "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e", "study_id": 50519818, "subject_id": 13291370, "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6", "study_id": 58301804, "subject_id": 18855147, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc", "study_id": 56661236, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab", "study_id": 51664027, "subject_id": 17206933, "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d", "study_id": 53311302, "subject_id": 12433421, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971", "study_id": 50035498, "subject_id": 18309149, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4", "study_id": 50093776, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2", "study_id": 52625540, "subject_id": 11934114, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d", "study_id": 52225063, "subject_id": 15032623, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431", "study_id": 54010994, "subject_id": 19759491, "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145", "study_id": 51615087, "subject_id": 12595991, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b", "study_id": 57149976, "subject_id": 16313531, "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d", "study_id": 55134684, "subject_id": 16313531, "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09", "study_id": 56367677, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9", "study_id": 55875120, "subject_id": 12110863, "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79", "study_id": 59875098, "subject_id": 17962324, "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a", "study_id": 51266767, "subject_id": 17838301, "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06", "study_id": 56036730, "subject_id": 15204620, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801", "study_id": 52415062, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d", "study_id": 52555178, "subject_id": 10886362, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da", "study_id": 58819781, "subject_id": 13067703, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac", "study_id": 58786693, "subject_id": 18309149, "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "42fd3d74-fe3267e7-82ffa036-96225174-327660f6", "study_id": 53203970, "subject_id": 15259244, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary congestion. Resolution of\n small left-side pleural effusion. Findings: The patient is status post coronary artery bypass graft surgery and\n apparently mitral valve replacement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is a slight\n interstitial abnormality, suggestive of a state of very mild congestion, but\n no new focal opacity. A left-sided pleural effusion has resolved although\n mild scarring or atelectasis persists. Bones are probably demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15259244/s53203970/42fd3d74-fe3267e7-82ffa036-96225174-327660f6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3", "study_id": 54904275, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0", "study_id": 50078440, "subject_id": 11022245, "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219", "study_id": 53459280, "subject_id": 19800337, "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27", "study_id": 52692431, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771", "study_id": 56506647, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9", "study_id": 50290463, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13", "study_id": 57798090, "subject_id": 16957952, "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175", "study_id": 57273961, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288", "study_id": 59063233, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307", "study_id": 59284918, "subject_id": 18659631, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b", "study_id": 51196890, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9", "study_id": 55536902, "subject_id": 19565388, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009", "study_id": 56996131, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801", "study_id": 53975458, "subject_id": 15114531, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda", "study_id": 53512860, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa", "study_id": 53919021, "subject_id": 19748558, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474", "study_id": 53447402, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c", "study_id": 59217830, "subject_id": 13881772, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768", "study_id": 56896759, "subject_id": 11474065, "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2", "study_id": 54124205, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f", "study_id": 55562335, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4", "study_id": 57427881, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f", "study_id": 50641273, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586", "study_id": 51858688, "subject_id": 18079481, "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2", "study_id": 51102831, "subject_id": 19800337, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b", "study_id": 56241369, "subject_id": 16360107, "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6", "study_id": 51640383, "subject_id": 16043240, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4", "study_id": 59680684, "subject_id": 16319601, "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3", "study_id": 53558787, "subject_id": 12530259, "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c", "study_id": 59790228, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178", "study_id": 57605154, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97", "study_id": 57784780, "subject_id": 14312560, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982", "study_id": 58255867, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d", "study_id": 58955981, "subject_id": 16435402, "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76", "study_id": 57605154, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf", "study_id": 57844625, "subject_id": 11204646, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4", "study_id": 53971934, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7", "study_id": 59616378, "subject_id": 13352405, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3", "study_id": 58409548, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e", "study_id": 55681597, "subject_id": 13120957, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6", "study_id": 53964812, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f", "study_id": 50952862, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e", "study_id": 51143208, "subject_id": 14147787, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae", "study_id": 54629839, "subject_id": 18978682, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1", "study_id": 56291217, "subject_id": 13979643, "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22", "study_id": 52356800, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d", "study_id": 50227249, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90", "study_id": 58836461, "subject_id": 15192710, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee", "study_id": 58737609, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042", "study_id": 58267855, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868", "study_id": 57432088, "subject_id": 15378103, "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4", "study_id": 55947318, "subject_id": 11928692, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95", "study_id": 59839373, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7", "study_id": 51235553, "subject_id": 12433421, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e", "study_id": 52399735, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982", "study_id": 55611611, "subject_id": 11204646, "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0", "study_id": 50093776, "subject_id": 15612622, "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907", "study_id": 58248722, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3", "study_id": 54655485, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112", "study_id": 59505688, "subject_id": 12963531, "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa", "study_id": 54100996, "subject_id": 12145137, "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13", "study_id": 53788698, "subject_id": 19844485, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7", "study_id": 57910301, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8ee276bc-f8413bb2-79639432-b58d2a14-2d9f78c0", "study_id": 52998742, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. A\n vascular stent is again noted in the region of the SVC, left brachiocephalic\n vein. There is blunting of the right CP angle which could indicate a small\n effusion. No overt signs of edema or pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. Degenerative changes again\n noted at the left glenohumeral joint.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s52998742/8ee276bc-f8413bb2-79639432-b58d2a14-2d9f78c0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903", "study_id": 53158507, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb", "study_id": 52930189, "subject_id": 17669276, "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a", "study_id": 56024784, "subject_id": 19549821, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02", "study_id": 57663243, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33", "study_id": 52399735, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab", "study_id": 54917064, "subject_id": 14794396, "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44", "study_id": 56201710, "subject_id": 18906643, "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc", "study_id": 58373469, "subject_id": 13896515, "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2", "study_id": 55593187, "subject_id": 19549821, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a", "study_id": 52033279, "subject_id": 19731864, "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d", "study_id": 56918682, "subject_id": 15192710, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56", "study_id": 57935403, "subject_id": 17112432, "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e", "study_id": 56993533, "subject_id": 15182529, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1", "study_id": 50281752, "subject_id": 15185305, "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8", "study_id": 58826933, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5", "study_id": 51274564, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753", "study_id": 56230969, "subject_id": 12303667, "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541", "study_id": 51780481, "subject_id": 16848073, "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886", "study_id": 57120452, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b", "study_id": 56925922, "subject_id": 10439781, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728", "study_id": 53919021, "subject_id": 19748558, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8", "study_id": 50290463, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1", "study_id": 58606191, "subject_id": 11880923, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778", "study_id": 57884279, "subject_id": 16334516, "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3", "study_id": 53183813, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba", "study_id": 52697084, "subject_id": 19914761, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d", "study_id": 56051681, "subject_id": 11924226, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b", "study_id": 58679736, "subject_id": 19623993, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234", "study_id": 57356552, "subject_id": 19389547, "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064", "study_id": 57959841, "subject_id": 10885696, "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018", "study_id": 53653168, "subject_id": 16334516, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab", "study_id": 58379619, "subject_id": 12110863, "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0", "study_id": 59885828, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc", "study_id": 55644325, "subject_id": 12433421, "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91", "study_id": 50319774, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a", "study_id": 58585557, "subject_id": 12595991, "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7", "study_id": 55157144, "subject_id": 19016834, "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15", "study_id": 50906117, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce", "study_id": 50112134, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e", "study_id": 57952807, "subject_id": 16059470, "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3", "study_id": 55960520, "subject_id": 16826047, "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2", "study_id": 53412826, "subject_id": 19150427, "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c", "study_id": 58317281, "subject_id": 17669276, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349", "study_id": 53115889, "subject_id": 17770657, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57", "study_id": 58324748, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91", "study_id": 55339618, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6", "study_id": 55525523, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a", "study_id": 51807934, "subject_id": 13067703, "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e", "study_id": 57678258, "subject_id": 15094735, "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725", "study_id": 50903895, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd", "study_id": 58318333, "subject_id": 15131736, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770", "study_id": 58406467, "subject_id": 18906643, "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01", "study_id": 59735543, "subject_id": 12475198, "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1", "study_id": 59507972, "subject_id": 13067703, "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f", "study_id": 57120452, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954", "study_id": 53060980, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93", "study_id": 52874646, "subject_id": 12074041, "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6", "study_id": 56233609, "subject_id": 18767957, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e", "study_id": 51293673, "subject_id": 16435402, "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6", "study_id": 57273388, "subject_id": 18338007, "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b", "study_id": 57053848, "subject_id": 12658295, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa", "study_id": 57752575, "subject_id": 16672854, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542", "study_id": 54844091, "subject_id": 16855430, "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd", "study_id": 59381316, "subject_id": 19991135, "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b", "study_id": 55610892, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e", "study_id": 54729238, "subject_id": 12433541, "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af", "study_id": 53418217, "subject_id": 17763117, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637", "study_id": 57420525, "subject_id": 17257913, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a", "study_id": 52481248, "subject_id": 13979643, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db", "study_id": 53595850, "subject_id": 15114531, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab", "study_id": 52312858, "subject_id": 19454978, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617", "study_id": 53157312, "subject_id": 18906643, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645", "study_id": 59032183, "subject_id": 11052273, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26", "study_id": 52399735, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1", "study_id": 55983006, "subject_id": 14312560, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748", "study_id": 50296389, "subject_id": 14387068, "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887", "study_id": 55124994, "subject_id": 11906222, "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b", "study_id": 58773579, "subject_id": 11540283, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70", "study_id": 56031350, "subject_id": 10410641, "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5", "study_id": 51592807, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21", "study_id": 56790426, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2", "study_id": 52258598, "subject_id": 15393401, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6", "study_id": 57141526, "subject_id": 17206933, "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46", "study_id": 52365850, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9", "study_id": 50323020, "subject_id": 12136799, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55", "study_id": 57161577, "subject_id": 16562430, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5", "study_id": 55108847, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f", "study_id": 55594849, "subject_id": 19890786, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87", "study_id": 55421522, "subject_id": 15144601, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec", "study_id": 56776331, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db", "study_id": 51229730, "subject_id": 16553329, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76", "study_id": 57959841, "subject_id": 10885696, "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6", "study_id": 54399607, "subject_id": 18570152, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b", "study_id": 57372388, "subject_id": 15809646, "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763", "study_id": 55418359, "subject_id": 15380734, "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240", "study_id": 55452685, "subject_id": 18224196, "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf", "study_id": 59718086, "subject_id": 11569093, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3", "study_id": 51943964, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e", "study_id": 58836461, "subject_id": 15192710, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa", "study_id": 51863042, "subject_id": 19061282, "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f", "study_id": 55255832, "subject_id": 11893091, "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8", "study_id": 53905237, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2", "study_id": 56676503, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499", "study_id": 53492798, "subject_id": 10046166, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc", "study_id": 52374902, "subject_id": 19182863, "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e", "study_id": 50065267, "subject_id": 17163861, "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb", "study_id": 51215308, "subject_id": 19757720, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa", "study_id": 54545268, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6", "study_id": 56440919, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a", "study_id": 54103570, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4", "study_id": 53458437, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743", "study_id": 50636786, "subject_id": 10933609, "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da", "study_id": 56541072, "subject_id": 17337033, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2cdf54d6-df90d07a-cbaaa135-454278cd-ffe7eb4e", "study_id": 52673752, "subject_id": 15809646, "report": "impression: Interval improvement of opacities along the right lower lung with\n bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there\n has been interval improvement of opacities along the right lower lung. There\n is bibasilar atelectasis. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax. An ET tube ends 3.9 cm above the carina. \n Right jugular line is unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15809646/s52673752/2cdf54d6-df90d07a-cbaaa135-454278cd-ffe7eb4e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d", "study_id": 51895071, "subject_id": 14851532, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400", "study_id": 52138943, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1", "study_id": 51719671, "subject_id": 19016834, "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53", "study_id": 58103596, "subject_id": 18338007, "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534", "study_id": 53138800, "subject_id": 14353044, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a", "study_id": 53482917, "subject_id": 14081759, "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018", "study_id": 50598243, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169", "study_id": 57780214, "subject_id": 19404187, "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08", "study_id": 59608718, "subject_id": 18309149, "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef", "study_id": 53734902, "subject_id": 17327592, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f", "study_id": 52578881, "subject_id": 16360107, "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff", "study_id": 56921446, "subject_id": 11413236, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea", "study_id": 59299448, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689", "study_id": 52680917, "subject_id": 19075045, "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29", "study_id": 53776243, "subject_id": 13448574, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e", "study_id": 58387591, "subject_id": 15144601, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1", "study_id": 51909516, "subject_id": 18338007, "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b", "study_id": 55058862, "subject_id": 13263843, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e", "study_id": 53430284, "subject_id": 11293517, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca", "study_id": 55339618, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb", "study_id": 59842151, "subject_id": 16508811, "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3", "study_id": 57619468, "subject_id": 16015751, "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32", "study_id": 53896301, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3", "study_id": 57882993, "subject_id": 13450581, "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12", "study_id": 51244261, "subject_id": 12702423, "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df", "study_id": 55785509, "subject_id": 10268877, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1", "study_id": 58040849, "subject_id": 17340686, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2", "study_id": 56374996, "subject_id": 18079481, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946", "study_id": 53183707, "subject_id": 10274145, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0", "study_id": 55999205, "subject_id": 16360107, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c", "study_id": 56771404, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0", "study_id": 59995358, "subject_id": 11569093, "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058", "study_id": 53130454, "subject_id": 15659181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing", "image_path": [ "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715", "study_id": 55001746, "subject_id": 18512911, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408", "study_id": 57142346, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018", "study_id": 57835182, "subject_id": 16853729, "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098", "study_id": 56354797, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d", "study_id": 51904170, "subject_id": 17288844, "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76", "study_id": 59249240, "subject_id": 13849733, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec", "study_id": 53896301, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668", "study_id": 58958987, "subject_id": 18929056, "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2", "study_id": 52398109, "subject_id": 11512104, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2", "study_id": 54133721, "subject_id": 12185775, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16", "study_id": 59941702, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006", "study_id": 50848970, "subject_id": 19715857, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5", "study_id": 57153483, "subject_id": 16435402, "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba", "study_id": 57540712, "subject_id": 13353878, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770", "study_id": 53351384, "subject_id": 13473495, "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff", "study_id": 52057634, "subject_id": 15857729, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28", "study_id": 57041570, "subject_id": 14841168, "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1", "study_id": 51951386, "subject_id": 16116557, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b", "study_id": 58255867, "subject_id": 14236258, "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf", "study_id": 55847451, "subject_id": 16662264, "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157", "study_id": 51351077, "subject_id": 13475033, "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854", "study_id": 56013519, "subject_id": 17163861, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5", "study_id": 54745568, "subject_id": 14608347, "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf", "study_id": 55036801, "subject_id": 19907884, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c", "study_id": 54128066, "subject_id": 12952223, "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40", "study_id": 59794546, "subject_id": 14744884, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00", "study_id": 54375943, "subject_id": 19928916, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2", "study_id": 50776901, "subject_id": 16050730, "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47", "study_id": 58836461, "subject_id": 15192710, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f", "study_id": 50749866, "subject_id": 12595991, "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged", "image_path": [ "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg" ], "split": "test" }, { "id": "17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706", "study_id": 53458437, "subject_id": 14295224, "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg" ], "split": "test" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/test/report/pmc-oa_test.json ================================================ [ { "id": 0, "image": "PMC2874782_F1_64665.jpg", "report": "Representative immunostaining of CA enzymes in MBs. Panel A shows no immunoreaction for CA IX, whereas the tumour in panel B is strongly positive. Panel C demonstrates CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumour cells. In panel D, CA II-positive immunostaining is confined to the endothelium of small blood vessels (arrows). All magnifications ×400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 1, "image": "PMC3008732_pone-0015623-g001_81993.jpg", "report": "Lentivirus-shOPN decreases metastasis to the lung.(A) Gross morphological examination of the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. White circles indicate neoplastic nodules observed in the lung. (B) Histopathological examination of lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. Magnification (×200) scale bar: 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 2, "image": "PMC2879550_fig3_65398.jpg", "report": "Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 3, "image": "PMC2862961_fig3_63363.jpg", "report": "\nC. parapsilosis adhesion to the gingival epithelial monolayer culture. Human gingival cells were grown up to 80% confluence, pulsed with C. parapsilosis or C. albicans, and incubated for 6 hours with or without serum. Following this culture period, the supernatant containing nonattached Candida was discarded, and the cultures were washed and stained with Cristal violet. Representative photographs are presented. Magnification: 250×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 4, "image": "PMC2704215_F4_41003.jpg", "report": "A wetting agent is present beyond the edge of the swarm. Colony photography using reflected light (A, B) illustrating the presence of a wetting agent (arrows) preceding the spreading colony on (A) FW medium with succinate and NH4Cl as C, N source. B) Colony spread is limited by 500 μg/L CR, but wetting agent spreads as above. C) Drop collapse assay using dilute methylene blue solution showing the reduced surface tension in the wetting agent zone (left of the black line).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 5, "image": "PMC3012668_F4_82618.jpg", "report": "Immunodetection of CA1 in the synovial membranes of AS, RA and OA patients. CA1 was significantly detected with a strong immunosignal in AS synovial tissue. Original magnification: 100X and 200X. The picture at the bottom is a negative control prepared with AS synovial tissue that was not treated with primary antibody.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 6, "image": "PMC2633049_pone-0004392-g001_33496.jpg", "report": "Morphology of hypothalamic-derived NS, phase-contrast images.A, Dividing cells after 2 days in vitro (2DIV). B, Fetal hypothalamic NS after 7DIV. C, Adult hypothalamic NS after 7DIV. Scale bars: 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 7, "image": "PMC1262738_F1_3551.jpg", "report": "Lg-SIL : cellularity is satisfactory (Papanicolaou stain, high magnification – 20x objective, Papspin® system). HCII was positive.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 8, "image": "PMC2890595_F4_67047.jpg", "report": "Mixing with 10% wild-type cells begins to rescue the culmination defect of cpnA- cells. Wild-type and cpnA- Dictyostelium cells were mixed at various ratios, plated on black filters in starvation buffer at 5 × 107 cells/mL, and allowed to develop for 24 hours. The wild-type cell percentage is given in the lower right of each image. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 20× magnification (scale bar = 1 mm). Arrows (C-F) point to stalks.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 9, "image": "PMC2519073_F3_26947.jpg", "report": "The structure of the leaf using modified 2PLSM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 10, "image": "PMC3017546_pone-0014497-g004_83409.jpg", "report": "NKp46 immunostaining.Patients with an overexpression of IL-18 and with low (A) or high level of TWEAK (B). Magnification is 20X (first column) and 40X (second column). ep: epithelium, s: stroma, gl: glands, sa: spiral arteries.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 11, "image": "PMC2754491_F3_47132.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CFP-TPs in the mammalian cells HeLa and L929 observed under a confocal microscope (TCS SP2, Leica). The images a and b show DAPI staining nucleus of cells HeLa and L929; the images c and d, e and f, g and h, and i and j show CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions in the HeLa and L929 cells, respectively.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 12, "image": "PMC2780448_F1_51550.jpg", "report": "Liver fibrosis. The liver section stained with Masson's trichrome from a control (A), compared with a BDI patient (B) showed significant deposition of ECM proteins (blue stain) in B.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 13, "image": "PMC2376294_fig2_22441.jpg", "report": "Immunhistochemical staining of serial tissue sections of a nodular melanoma, tumour thickness according to Breslow 1.4 mm, Clark's level IV. The PTEN/MMAC1 protein was detected in melanoma cells and was not restricted to tumour associated macrophages. (a) Hematoxylin Eosin, (b) HMB45, (c) CD68, (d) PTEN/MMAC1 staining (all magnification 25×, nickel enhanced DAB reaction resulting in black signals).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 14, "image": "PMC2668105_CPT-62-05-0387-f04_37192.jpg", "report": "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) When many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces in a patient with acute lung disease, a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is appropriate. (B) Organisation in alveolar spaces, and rarely hyaline membranes, may be present. (A,B) H&E stain, 100× original magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 15, "image": "PMC2830938_F6_58242.jpg", "report": "Expression of TrxR in normal, BH, DCIS and IBC tissue. A. Tissues were subjected to IHC using a TrxR-specific antibody. Representative slides are shown at 40× magnification. B. The relative mean intensity was determined from 6-8 images for each BH (n = 16), DCIS (n = 15) or IBC (n = 20) section and is shown graphically. The intensity of normal mammary tissue is equal to one (dashed line).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 16, "image": "PMC2685395_F1_38929.jpg", "report": "Dissected crown tissue from 6 week old plants that have experienced a gradual decline in temperature and light: a) Solstice, a winter variety; b) Paragon, a spring variety. The two images are at the same magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 17, "image": "PMC2737141_pone-0007020-g003_44753.jpg", "report": "Sub-cellular (co-)localization of MAD2B and RAN.Endogenous MAD2B, RAN and γ-tubulin (mitotic spindle) are shown in green, red and white, respectively. DAPI staining (blue) was used to mark nuclei and chromosomes. The overlay of the different signals (Merge) reveals a near perfect co-localization of the respective proteins at the mitotic spindle (arrows). Images were captured using confocal laser scanning microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 18, "image": "PMC2276502_F2_19785.jpg", "report": "Electric microscopic observation of A549 cells infected with YS001. Bacteria attached (arrows) to the cell and the microvilli (arrow heads) of the cell are recognized. Bars, 1 μm (A) and 0.5 μm (B).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 19, "image": "PMC2924897_pone-0012304-g006_71850.jpg", "report": "Representative micrographs of U251 (A-D) and U87 (E-H) cells grown in the presence of BK and IK1 blockers.Cells were grown in the serum-free OptiMEM media supplemented with serum substitute B27. The BK blocker paxilline (10 µM) and the IK1 inhibitor clotrimazole (10 µM) were added as indicated. Images of the cells were captured ∼48 hrs after addition of channel blockers using Hoffman modulation contrast optics in Olympus IX71 microscope at 10×10 magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 20, "image": "PMC2859758_F3_62873.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 21, "image": "PMC2910694_F1_69939.jpg", "report": "Protein Expression by Immunofluorescence. Pretreatment biopsies revealed increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens as compared with non malignant pancreatic tissue. No such trends were noted for pErk/Erk or pmTOR/mTOR. Immunofluorescence results depicted above.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 22, "image": "PMC2688674_fig10_39340.jpg", "report": "E2 and F12 are required for IEV morphogenesis. Electron micrographs showing the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment in WR-, ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 h post infection. In WR-infected cells IMV (black arrows) and wrapped brick-shaped IEV (yellow arrows) are readily observed. In contrast, in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells, IEV are partially wrapped (red arrows) and embedded in a dense tubular network of membranes. Scale bars = 2 μm top panels and 0.5 μm bottom panels.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 23, "image": "PMC1783847_F2_9085.jpg", "report": "Distribution of VP2 within infected and transfected Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy. A) Cells infected with BTV-10, B-E) transfected cells expressing B) VP2, C) VP2-GFP, D) GFP-VP2 and E) GFP only. VP2 in A and B were detected with anti VP2 monoclonal antibody (rabbit) and either FITC (A) or TRITC (B) conjugated secondary antibody. C-E were visualised based on GFP fluorescence. Expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants was confirmed by western blot using an anti-GFP antibody (F).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 24, "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 25, "image": "PMC2881123_F6_65648.jpg", "report": "Different oligomeric states of KLH2 (a-e) and Leptoxis carinata hemocyanin (a'-e'). (a-d; a'-d') Class sum images of negatively stained single particles collected from electron micrographs. (e, e') 3D models shown as longitudinal section through the cylinder wall to reveal the fundamentally different collar complexes. Note that the flattening effect is more obvious in KLH2 (upper panel).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 26, "image": "PMC2584631_F2_30303.jpg", "report": "StAR protein localization. StAR protein expression was analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody on Day 16 (a) and 22 (b) of pregnancy and Day 3 post-partum (c). Immunoreactive-StAR was observed across all days in the CL compartment, specifically in luteal cells (lc). Sections treated without the primary antibody showed no immunostaining (d). The staining pattern and intensity were consistent between immunohistochemical runs (n = 4). [Magnification 400×]", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 27, "image": "PMC3025911_pone-0016007-g002_85302.jpg", "report": "Apical localization of EVs in MCF-7/MR cells.Cells were transiently transfected with GPI-CFP and VSVG-YFP constructs (green fluorescence), reacted with anti-ABCG2 antibody BXP-53 (red fluorescence) and DAPI and analyzed using Zeiss inverted Cell-Observer microscope at a magnification of ×630. Arrows denote the subcellular localization of GPI-CFP (A–F) and VSVG-YFP (G–L).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 28, "image": "PMC2409854_fig1_23826.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for ET-1 (A), ETAR (B) and ETBR (C) in breast carcinomas. For each marker, a sample with weak (left), moderate (middle), and strong (right) cytoplasmic immunostaining is shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 29, "image": "PMC2951342_pone-0013075-g003_75452.jpg", "report": "Mapping the active regions of the murine and human NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs using electroporation of mouse retinal explants.Retinal explants were electroporated at P0 with the GFP expression vector driven by different fragments of the Nxnl promoters and cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV5). (A) NXNL1 (B) Nxnl1 (C) NXNL2 (D) Nxnl2. The intensity of fluorescence of a GFP reporter under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter (pCIG) is provided for comparison.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 30, "image": "PMC1634748_F1_7620.jpg", "report": "Subcutaneous bile lake with associated xanthogranulomatous reaction (H&E stain, magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 31, "image": "PMC1779380_F3_8663.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs of dendritic cells and macrophages pulsed with type II collagen (CII). (a-c) Macrophages and (d-f) dendritic cells were incubated in the (a,b,d,e) presence or (c,f) absence of 200 μg/ml CII for 30 minutes, stained for CII expression and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Magnification ×630, and bars denote (a) 6.63 μm, (b) 8.09 μm, (c) 5.0 μm, (d) 4.27 μm, (e) 4.64 μm and (f) 4.0 μm. More than 50 cells were examined for each treatment.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 32, "image": "PMC2500098_F1_26404.jpg", "report": "Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies. a) Original Image, b) RGB (Euclidean), c) HSI (NBS), d) CIEL*a*b (CIEDE2000). Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 33, "image": "PMC2212626_F1_16583.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. (A) CD68 and (B) CD163 expression of the macrophages (inset: double labeling CD163 (red)/S100 (brown) distinguishes CD163+ macrophages from S100+ DC). Dendritic cell populations with expression of (C) S100, (D) CD11c, (E) CD208, (F) CD209, (G) CD123 and (H) CD1a (inset: Langerin/CD207). (magnification ×200, inset ×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 34, "image": "PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91207.jpg", "report": "Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 35, "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 36, "image": "PMC3076443_pone-0018777-g003_92315.jpg", "report": "Lung histopathology and germination of conidia in mice exposed to Aspergillus conidia.A–F, H&E staining of mouse lung tissue. G–I, GMS staining of lung tissue. A,D,G, saline controls. B,E,H, A. versicolor, C,F,I, A. fumigatus. A–C 4× magnification, D–F, 40× magnification. G–I, 100× magnification. Data depicted are representative samples of 5 mice per group with one lung section analyzed per animal.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 37, "image": "PMC3078923_pone-0018799-g004_92733.jpg", "report": "Eggs of S. mansoni visualised within a colon biopsy crush preparation by bright-field microscopy.(A) Viable mature eggs containing fully developed miracidia (←), an empty egg shell (↑) of a previously hatched miracidium and a dead egg with diffuse contents (→). (B) Dead eggs without dark and granular contents (→). (C) Egg shell with an almost completely hatched miracidium (←) that is trapped within the tissue.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 38, "image": "PMC3056777_pone-0017899-g003_90076.jpg", "report": "Expression of peripheral nerves markers in matrigel after mASCs transplantation.A–E. - Immunofluorescent staining of frozen matrigel sections with antibodies against neurofilament200 (A.), GAP43 (B.), tyrosine hydroxylase (C.), peripherin (D) or with non-specific IgGs (red fluorescence). Nerve fibers are indicated by arrows. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue fluorescence).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 39, "image": "PMC2981848_F0001_78513.jpg", "report": "Low- and high-power (inset) fields of duodenal and ileal biopsies showing intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 40, "image": "PMC2697132_F6_40087.jpg", "report": "CRF induces the phosphorylation of FAK. MCF7 cells were treated with CRF (10-8 M) or vehicle (control) for 3 hours, stained with phospho-FAK antibody and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Result is representative of three independent experiments.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 41, "image": "PMC2613149_F7_31952.jpg", "report": "Pathological sections specimens. (7) Low magnification showing encapsulated papillary tumor with thin fibrovascular stalk, covered by tall mucinous moderately dysplastic epithelium (8). Higher magnification demonstrates area with oncocitic pattern (9). The immunohistochemical test showed a diffuse CK7+ (10) and apomucines MUC5AC (11) and MUC6 (12) positivity in more than 50% of neoplastic cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 42, "image": "PMC2671840_pone-0005412-g004_37635.jpg", "report": "BBK32 (21–205) effects on Fn matrix assembled by NHDFs.Cells were incubated for 48 hours and then incubated with 5 µM BBK32 (21–205), 5 µM anastellin, or 5 µM FnbpA peptide D3. Treated cells were incubated for 20 hours and probed with Alexa Fluor 488-anti-Fn and monoclonal antibody IST 9. Images were taken using LSM 510 Confocal Microscope, objective 63X/1.4 oil. Bar = 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 43, "image": "PMC1884170_F1_11231.jpg", "report": "Targeting of NF-E2p45 to chromatin compartment but displacing of GATA-1 from mitotic chromosomes in mitotic cells. Cells were stained with antibodies against proteins indicated on the left followed by FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (Left) and PI (Center). Right is the merge of both images. Examples of interphase cells and mitotic cells of different stages from MEL cells are shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 44, "image": "PMC1804299_F3_9722.jpg", "report": "Rat pretreated with OSO, slight erosion of\nthe gastric mucosa is observed. Arrow: H&E; magnification, X 100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 45, "image": "PMC524523_F4_709.jpg", "report": "Detection of Su(Fu) in prostate cancer specimens. Su(Fu) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# 10933) recognized only one single band (54-Kd) in D283 cells (A). Following treatment of a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu), the endogenous Su(Fu) band was greatly reduced (B). Immunohistostaining with Su(Fu) antibodies in prostate cancer specimens revealed positive (C, in red, 200×), negative (D, 200×) or weak staining (E, red, 200×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 46, "image": "PMC2600683_fig1_31185.jpg", "report": "HE staining and IHC staining for Snail and E-cadherin in a human ACC ( × 10). (A) HE staining with tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue. (B) Consecutive section with IHC staining for Snail showing Snail-expressing cells invading the fatty tissue. (C) Same specimen demonstrating the invasive front at a higher magnification ( × 40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 47, "image": "PMC2746600_fig2_46310.jpg", "report": "Representative images of tumour microvasculature in animals treated with SU5416 (25 mg kg−1 per day, A,B) and with vehicle (C,D) at day 6 after tumour cell implantation. Corresponding regions by means of OPS imaging (A,C) and fluorescence microscopy (B,D). Arrows indicate non perfused vessels.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 48, "image": "PMC2670270_F3_37447.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination by phase contrast micrography in the late log phase of growth (original magnification ×200)-HN2A oropharyngeal primary (on plastic).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 49, "image": "PMC3001427_F1_80937.jpg", "report": "Images represent analyses taken at a Zeiss Axiovert 40C inverted microscope and an Axiocamera MRC5 (Zeiss, Germany) of spheres observed with phase contrast while culturing of dissociated mouse or guinea pig cochleas, with either bFGF or TGFα, as indicated. Scale bar 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 50, "image": "PMC2503985_F3_26498.jpg", "report": "Images of the immunohistochemical assays: PECAM-1 on endothelial cells attached to titanium after (A) 24 hours, (B) 7 days and (C) 14 days, and to control surface after (D) 24 hours, (E) 7 days and (F) 14 days.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 51, "image": "PMC1852111_F1_10398.jpg", "report": "Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 52, "image": "PMC2034570_F2_14200.jpg", "report": "photomicrograph: 2A)Microscopic examination revealed hyperchromatic neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, and anastomosing trabeculae with ductal formation. (H&E × 200) 2B) Microscopic examination also revealed irregular cribriform glandular structures (featuring an adenoid cystic carcinoma-like pattern) with irregular infiltrative tumor margins. (H&E × 200) 2C) Perineural invasion and lymphovascular space permeation were noted upon microscopic examination. (H&E × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 53, "image": "PMC1794515_F5_9434.jpg", "report": "Comparison of immunohistochemical detection of activation markers. Analysis of representative areas of synovial tissue samples taken from patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) or refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shown. Expression pattern and staining intensity of RA samples represent the stronger intensity of synovial inflammation when compared with OA samples. Magnification, ×400. FAP, fibroblast activation protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 54, "image": "PMC2287181_F5_19936.jpg", "report": "Activated lymphocytes were incubated for 2 h with 1 μM of SHPR190 labelled with Alexa 488. Cells were then washed and maintained in HBS buffer for examination by confocal microscopy. Visualisation was performed either by fluorescence (top panel) or by light transmission (bottom panel).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 55, "image": "PMC2736977_F2_44726.jpg", "report": "Lack of BCCIP expression in brain tumors. Serial tissue sections were stained for GFAP and BCCIP separately. Both GFAP and BCCIP are stained in brown color. Hematoxylin (blue) was used to counter stain the nuclei. Shown are example brain tissues stained with antibodies against GFAP and BCCIP (magnification is 40 × 10). Top panel is a representative non-tumor section. The middle panel is an example section of BCCIP positive tumor, and the bottom panel shows a BCCIP negative tumor section.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 56, "image": "PMC2751800_f4_46906.jpg", "report": "Effect of blue light on mitochondrial shape. The figure shows electron micrographs of sections from untreated ARPE-19 cells (A, D), irradiated cells with an output at 0.3 mW/cm2 (B, E) and 1 mW/cm2 (C, F) for 72 h (Bar=1 μm). Irradiated cells showed mitochondria with unusually elongated profiles.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 57, "image": "PMC2837050_F5_58852.jpg", "report": "NG2-glia cells express JAM-A. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the corpus callosum labeled with the indicated markers (upper boxes) are shown. In (B) the cell body labeled with an arrow in (A) is shown at higher magnification. In (C) negative controls, where only one primary antibody but the two secondary antibodies anti-mouse-Alexa-568 nm (M-Alexa-568) and anti-rabbit-Alexa-488 nm (Rb-Alexa-488) have been used, are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 58, "image": "PMC2832730_fig4_58481.jpg", "report": "Growth plate of the right tibia (A) and higher magnification images in the Si-deprived (B1 and B2), Si-supplemented (C1 and C2) and standard rodent stock feed-fed (D1 and D2) groups. Growth plates from two animals (1 and 2) are shown as representative for each group. Growth plate thickness was reduced, while chondrocyte cell density appears to be slightly increased in the Si-deprived group (B1 and B2) compared to the Si-supplemented and standard rodent stock feed-fed reference groups.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 59, "image": "PMC2803960_F3_54324.jpg", "report": "Histopathology. a. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic positivity for a1-fetoprotein, × 400. b. Immunohistochemical \"canalicular\" pattern of staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), × 400 (arrows).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 60, "image": "PMC2714065_F1_41860.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4A expression using monoclonal antibody clone JC8 in tissue microarray cores from cervix biopsies with normal epithelium (A, B), CIN1 (C, D), CIN2 (E, F), CIN3 (G, H) and invasive squamous carcinoma (I, J). The normal epithelial and stromal cells are negative (A – B). Strong, distinct, diffuse staining of both nuclei and cytoplasm is seen in the dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium (C – J).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 61, "image": "PMC1868777_pone-0000478-g005_10879.jpg", "report": "Downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation.Mitotic phenotypes of D-mel wild-type cells transfected with dsRNAs targeting kinetochore proteins as indicated and stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody (to mark microtubules; red) and DAPI (to mark DNA; blue). Bar represents 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 62, "image": "PMC1253525_F1_3378.jpg", "report": "a y b: Papamicolaou; c: biopsy; d: CD45; e: neuron specific enolase; f: vimentin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 63, "image": "PMC1804207_fig01_9702.jpg", "report": "Histological features of abdominal skin obtained from perinatal autopsy cases with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Epidermis and dermis do not show significant changes in a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis (A,C). An inflammatory infiltrate is evident in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis (B,D). The dermoepidermal junction is studded with CD15+ neutrophils.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 64, "image": "PMC2667496_F2_37129.jpg", "report": "Location of activated AMPK in developing cysts by whole mount immunohistochemistry. Decapsulated embryos developing for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, permeated by 0.1% Triton X-100, incubated with phospho-AMPK (Thr172) antibody (a – f), and subsequently detected with the AP-conjugated secondary antibody by NBT/BCIP staining. e' and f' represent control embryos that were not incubated with the primary antibody. Embryos are shown at the same magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 65, "image": "PMC2830950_F5_58260.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings: Hematopoietic locations. A: Capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy with an inflammatory surrounding (HES ×400). B: CD31 positivity of the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids (×200). C: Spleen dilated sinusoids (smooth muscle actin ×100). D: Spleen larger cysts lined by a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells (CD31 × 100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 66, "image": "PMC1808458_F2_9832.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma showing spindle cells with characteristic elongated, wavy nuclei. (20× magnification, Haematoxylin and Eosin)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 67, "image": "PMC2867796_F8_63694.jpg", "report": "Expression of globinpromotor::GFP fusions. (A) glb-26::GFP expression, (B) glb-26::GFP expression in head mesodermal cell, (C) glb-26::GFP expression in stomato-intestinal muscle, (D) glb-1::GFP expression, (E) glb-1::GFP expression in the head, (F) glb-1::GFP expression in the tail, background fluorescence is also visible in the posterior intestine.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 68, "image": "PMC2867813_F2_63699.jpg", "report": "TEM observation of granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Cells were exposed during 72 h to 100 μM of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were internalized in cells and localized in cytoplasms, mostly in membranate compartments, including lysosome and mitochondria, thecal organelles (arrow). The scale bar in the image is 500 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 69, "image": "PMC3017954_fig2_83564.jpg", "report": "Analysis of chitin and glucan distribution in BA-treated cells: fluorescence of calcofluor white (top) and aniline blue (bottom) stained cells. At BA concentrations of 0.4%, chitin-rich—and to a lesser extent, glucan-rich—material accumulates at the bud neck. The thickening of septa is evident particularly between cells in a chain.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 70, "image": "PMC2631459_F3_33230.jpg", "report": "Representative example of human breast cancer specimens from TMA3 that expressed either low (left panel) or high (right panel) eIF4E. Matching specimens from the same patient are shown for c-Myc, cyclin D1, ODC, TLK1B, and VEGF (200 × magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 71, "image": "PMC2695428_F3_39915.jpg", "report": "Fibroblast surface protein immunocytochemistry of primary cells from duodenal endoscopic biopsies from celiac (upper panel) and non celiac (lower panel) patients; DAPI counterstained cellular nuclei.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 72, "image": "PMC548319_F6_1248.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemistry determination of IREG1. Hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, labeled with rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody and with Alexa-546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, were imaged in a confocal microscope. Shown are representative fields of cells cultured at different iron concentrations. Note the preferentially cytosolic distribution of IREG1.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 73, "image": "PMC2575403_ppat-1000204-g001_29592.jpg", "report": "Granulomas from TB patients display many M.tb-containing FMs surrounding the necrotic center.Thin sections of lymph node biopsy samples from 10 tuberculous patients were stained and analyzed. A) Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, original magnification ×12. B, C) Oil red-O staining, original magnification ×200 (B) and ×1000 (C). D) Ziehl-Nielsen staining (×1000). G: granuloma, N: necrosis, I: interface. Arrow: Giant Langhans cell (B), M.tb (D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 74, "image": "PMC2716360_F1_42254.jpg", "report": "Cells submitted to FISH (A) and immunohistochemistry (B) assays. A1 (case 14), A2 (case 5) and A3 (case 6): interphase nuclei presenting chr17 monosomy (green signal) with one copy of TP53 (red signal), and nuclei presenting chr17 disomy with one or two copies of TP53 – 1000× magnification; B1 (case 14) and B2 (case 17): tissue with nuclear p53 immunoreactivity (brown stain) – 400× and 100× magnification, respectively; B3 (case 6): tissue without p53 immunoreactivity – 400× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 75, "image": "PMC2696764_fig1_40069.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of invasive cancer with high (A) and low (B) tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) score and expression of TATI in adjacent non-malignant mucosa (C).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 76, "image": "PMC3014818_f03_82926.jpg", "report": "Overwintering site of Laccotrephes japonensis in the ditch around (a) rice fields, and (b) ditch. Overwintering adult labeled with color dots on the forewing for individual identification. High quality figures are available online.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 77, "image": "PMC1783662_F3_9062.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of ancient schwannoma. a) spindle cells in an Antoni type A area; a red arrow indicates a large bizarre hyperchromatic nucleus b) Antoni B areas consisting of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix, c) occasional pleomorphic nuclei within Antoni A areas, and d) positive S100 immunohistochemical staining.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 78, "image": "PMC2957392_F1_76356.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent distribution of PdhS-mCherry fusion in stationary growth phase E. coli. A, early stationary phase; B, middle stationary phase; C, late stationary phase. White arrows point to refractile bodies that are only present in the bacteria from the late stationary culture phase. Scale bar: 2 μm. DIC means differential interference contrast (Nomarski). All micrographic images were taken with the same magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 79, "image": "PMC2837314_fig2_58890.jpg", "report": "SEM photograph of the surface of white MTA immersed in PBS for 10 days, showing precipitates of various morphologies. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the precipitates contained Ca and P as their main elemental components.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 80, "image": "PMC2409183_fig3_23620.jpg", "report": "The E218Q mutant of basigin, but not the E218R mutant, is correctly targeted to the plasma membrane of COS cells. COS cells were co-transfected with MCT1-c-CFP and basigin-c-YFP constructs containing the mutations indicated and live cell imaging performed as described under ‘Methods’. This Figure is reproduced in colour in Molecular Membrane Biology online.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 81, "image": "PMC2846841_F5_60718.jpg", "report": "Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 82, "image": "PMC2807157_F0003_54988.jpg", "report": "FISH technique: A single-stranded probe was used to hybridize with a specific DNA sequence of the sample. In this case, we used the LSI CHOP (12q13) Dual Color, Break Apart Rearrangement Probe (Abbott Laboratories), which showed the nuclei of normal cells with two fusion signals, whereas the signal pattern of abnormal cells was one orange, one green, and one fusion signal", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 83, "image": "PMC2249593_F2_17979.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of Bcl-2 family members and death receptors. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the expression of Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5 in tumor tissues derived from control and/or treated mice on week 6.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 84, "image": "PMC2928796_F1_72210.jpg", "report": "Representative images from immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. A, normal prostate. B, prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 200× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 85, "image": "PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g003_89747.jpg", "report": "\nfgfr2 expression pattern in early stages of chick lung development.Representative examples of whole mount in situ hybridization (A–C) and sections of hybridized lungs (D–F). fgfr2 is present in distal epithelium of main bronchus (arrow) and secondary bronchi (asterisks); peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus (dark arrowheads); open arrowheads, proximal epithelium. Magnification: A/C - 5×; D, F - 20×; E - 10×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 86, "image": "PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84363.jpg", "report": "Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 87, "image": "PMC2100046_F4_15086.jpg", "report": "Chloroacetate esterase staining of heart and lung paraffin sections. Representative tissue samples for untreated healthy animals, animals undergoing CPB, and animals undergoing CPB with LIM. Magnification is 200-fold.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 88, "image": "PMC2500179_ppat-1000135-g008_26421.jpg", "report": "EGFP expression in An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV (from pBAgα) and EGFP-transducing virions (from pAgActinGFP), which demonstrates transmission of transducing virions between mosquito generations.A–C: EGFP expression in abdomen, D: EGFP expression in head, E: EGFP expression in maxillary palp.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 89, "image": "PMC2588660_pcbi-1000251-g004_30745.jpg", "report": "Model-based reconstruction of neuronal branching from 3D two-photon image\nstacks.Depicted at the example of an HSE dendrite (A,B) and of a VS2 cell (C,D).\nLeft, maximum intensity projections of the image stacks containing\nfluorescent cells. Right, overlaid reconstructed branching in red.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 90, "image": "PMC3057974_pone-0017315-g005_90153.jpg", "report": "Binding of F1SBPs to Caco-2 cells in vitro detected by flow cytometry (A–D) and confocal microcopy (E–F).A: FITC-streptavidin; B and E: UEA-FITC 0.5 µg/ml; C: Blon_0375-FITC 1 µg/ml; D and F: Blon_2347-FITC 1 µg/ml; G: Blon_2347-FITC 1 µg/ml and DAPI (blue); H: fixed Caco-2 cells coincubated with 1 µg/ml Blon_0375-FITC; I: Caco-2 cells incubated for 10 min with 1 µg/ml Blon_0375-FITC and stained with DAPI.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 91, "image": "PMC2784441_F5_51931.jpg", "report": "Interactions of tauPRD with G-actin observed by atomic force microscopy. Skeletal muscle (M) and platelet (P) G-actin were incubated with tauPRD in binding buffer at 37°C for 30 min and then aliquots were taken for observation by atomic force microscopy as indicated. Bars in panels are 50 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 92, "image": "PMC2173904_F7_15771.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy of untreated or MnTBAP-treated HIV-1 infected macrophages. Untreated macrophages show accumulation of many mature particles, at different stages of maturation, in cytoplasmatic vacuoles and in the extracellular space. By contrast in MnTBAP (30 μM) treated macrophages no viral particles are found. This observation support the hypothesis that MnTBAP treatment is able to prevent enveloped and unenveloped virions production.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 93, "image": "PMC1550268_ppat-0020085-g003_6623.jpg", "report": "Polarity of Nuclear Actin Filaments Reflect the Overall Polarity of the CellNeurons were stained with AF568-phalloidin, anti-GM130 to stain the Golgi. GFP-VP26 is visualized by direct fluorescence. Each image is a 2-D projection from four consecutive layers in a confocal image stack, taken 0.5 μm apart. Scale bar = 20 μm. Top two rows show polarized SCG neurons with one axon. Bottom row shows a single SCG neuron with two axons emanating from opposite sides of the cell body.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 94, "image": "PMC2242829_ppat-0040043-g001_17597.jpg", "report": "Multi-Drug–Resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Display Unusual Appendage-Like Structures on the Cell SurfaceTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MDR virulent clinical isolates at magnification of 15,000 × 1.4.(A) Strain MDR1.(B) Strain MDR13.(C) Strain MDR25.(D) Strain MDR26.Novel appendage-like structures are shown by black arrows. For comparison, flagella are indicated by grey arrows.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 95, "image": "PMC2740040_fig-003_45245.jpg", "report": "\nA & B: Pleural biopsy, H&E stain : There are nests, cords, and gland-like structures present (A). Tumor cells are composed of epithelial-like cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, marked nuclear pleomorphism, macronucleoli and occasional mitotic figures (B). C & D: Immunohistochemistry: Tumor cells are focally positive for calretinin (C) and CK5/6 (D). \nE & F: Immunohistochemistry: Tumor cells are strongly positive for CK7 (E) and negative for TTF-1 (F).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 96, "image": "PMC2527786_fig1_27192.jpg", "report": "Association between the presence of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in human invasive breast cancer in a sample patient. We noted that E6 expression of HPV type 33 is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in invasive breast cancer using tissue microarray analysis. Magnification is × 200. The presence of HPV type 33 was confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the E6 gene of this virus.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 97, "image": "PMC2724395_F3_43199.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p-AKT, PI3K-110 alpha subunit protein expression and PTEN in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). (i) p-AKT over expression was observed along with (iii) low PTEN expressionand (v) over expression of PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen and, (ii) Low expression for p-AKT was seen along with (iv) high PTEN expression and (vi) reduced expression for PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen. 20 × magnifications with the inset showing a 100 × magnified view of the same.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 98, "image": "PMC2586367_pbio-0060292-g009_30522.jpg", "report": "Function of Selected Mouse Orthologs of Genes Showing Lipid Storage Phenotypes in Drosophila Cells(A–F and M–R) AML12 or 3T3-L1 cells (G–L), with (B–F and H–R), or without (A and G) oleic acid and stained for nuclei (Hoechst 33342) and lipid (BODIPY493/503). Cells were transfected with ALLStars negative control siRNA (control) or the siRNAs targeting the indicated genes. Drosophila homologs are given (parentheses). Scale bar in (A) represents 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 99, "image": "PMC2778170_fig6_50997.jpg", "report": "The PET-patch on the left atrial side (arrows) is completely covered by fibrous tissue and endothelium without major inflammatory reactions. Magnification 16×, Richardson blue staining. PET: polyethylenterephtalat.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 100, "image": "PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7844.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 101, "image": "PMC3049559_fig1_89036.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterisation of CXC-chemokine and its receptor expression in colorectal tissue. (A) Representative high-powered images (magnification × 200) illustrating weak (left panel) and strong (right panel) immunoreactivity to antibodies used to characterize the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL1 in colorectal biopsy tissue. (B) Representative low-powered images showing differential expression of CXCL8 within the inflammatory cells surrounding the colorectal epithelial tissue.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 102, "image": "PMC2427016_F1_24257.jpg", "report": "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (submental lymph node biopsy). A, The H&E section demonstrates expansion of the interfollicular T-cells (low magnification); B. The infiltrating T-cells show atypia and clear cytoplasm (high magnification); C, Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining reveals the lymphoma cells are positive for CD4; D. Reactive CD8-positive T-cells are also present.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 103, "image": "PMC3061870_pone-0017867-g006_90667.jpg", "report": "Aberrant differentiation in the skin of RASSF9−/− mice—K5 (red).(A) Frozen sections of dorsal skins of WT (+/+) and RASSF9−/− (−/−) mice were immunostained with red fluorescence for K5 in 4-dpp mice. Scale bar  = 100 µm. (B) Images at higher magnification. Scale bar  = 40 µm. Blue, DAPI staining of cell nuclei.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 104, "image": "PMC2954984_F2_75986.jpg", "report": "H2O2 -induced cell death and neurite retraction in differentiated PC12-GFP and PC12-SH2B1β cells. PC12-GFP cells (A, C, E) and PC12-SH2B1β cells (B, D, F) were differentiated using 50 ng/ml NGF for 7 days. After overnight incubation in serum-free medium containing 50 ng/ml NGF, both cell lines were treated with 0, 100 or 200 μM H2O2 for 24 h. Representative images were shown (400× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 105, "image": "PMC2887077_F1_66363.jpg", "report": "Representative photographs of portal tracts stained with hematoxylin/eosin (upper panel) used for grading of liver sections in biliary atresia based on the presence of inflammatory cells (scale bar on photo 3 = 50 μm). The lower panels depict liver sections stained with trichrome for staging based on the extent of fibrosis (scale bar on photo 3 = 250 μm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 106, "image": "PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52368.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 107, "image": "PMC2862514_F0003_63311.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen of the PNET tumor showing tumor cells arranged in nests. These cells are perivascular in arrangement. Cells are PAS positive. (H and E, ×40)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 108, "image": "PMC2880434_F3_65482.jpg", "report": "ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are a subpopulation of CD24low/-/CD44+ stem cell-containing population and lead to tumor growth. (A) Confluent MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC monolayer (top panel) and spheres (bottom panels). ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are enriched in mammospheres. (B) Immunofluorescence of CD24 (red, top panel) and CD44 (red, bottom panel) reveals an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the subpopulation CD24low/-/CD44+ in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 109, "image": "PMC2360109_fig3_21043.jpg", "report": "Composition of clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC), adjacent benign tissue (peri-PAC) and specimens of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland (NHPG). Successive tissue sections were reacted to antibodies recognising common (CD45) and subset-specific (CD3, CD4, CD8 – T lymphocytes, CD20 – B lymphocytes) markers of leucocytes. Magnification × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 110, "image": "PMC2764571_F3_48266.jpg", "report": "Retinoic acid (RA) cannot override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR. P19[control] (A, B, E, F) and P19[β-Cat/EnR] (C, D, G, H) cells were aggregated in the presence of 0.8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with (E-H) and without (A-D) 10 nM RA. Cells were fixed on day 9 of differentiation for immunofluorescence with MF20 antibody (B, D, F, H) and counter stained with Hoechst dye (A, C, E, G). Magnification is 160×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 111, "image": "PMC3048869_pone-0017306-g004_88991.jpg", "report": "Induction of tissue necrosis in the BNYVV inoculated leaf area of\ntransgenic N. benthamiana plant lines expressing\nSP/HrpZPsph.A) Non-transgenic plant. B)\nSP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant. The inset\nshows the tissue necrosis localized in the inoculated leaf area of a\nrepresentative resistant T1 plant at 3–4 dpi.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 112, "image": "PMC2064921_F1_14676.jpg", "report": "The 3D view of gradient vector field and diffused gradient vector field with elastic deformation transformation of a slice cropped from a 3D cell nuclei image. (a). A slice of the 3D image. (b). The original gradient vector field. (c). The diffused gradient flow field with elastic deformation transformation. Obviously, the diffused vector field with elastic deformation transformation smoothly flows toward the central areas of cell nuclei. (d). Zoomed view of (b). (e). Zoomed view of (c).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 113, "image": "PMC2593789_pone-0002950-g001_30917.jpg", "report": "Middle ear infection by pneumococcal strain ST556.(A) Detection of ST556 encapsulation by transmission electron microscopy. (B) Detection of ST556 infection in the middle ears. Chinchillas were infected with bioluminescent pneumococci via tympanotomy and monitored daily for bacterial burden by bioluminescence. The scales on the right indicate the levels of photon counts.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 114, "image": "PMC535552_F2_825.jpg", "report": "Delayed chlorophyll fluorescence images. Luminescence from leaves of Arabidopsis (A) and Tradescantia (B). Images are 5-minute exposures taken as soon as possible after transfer of leaves to the equipment. A conventional photograph of the Tradescantia leaf imaged in (B) is shown to illustrate the pattern of variegation (C).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 115, "image": "PMC2702298_F9_40781.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cadmium treated lung. A, No lobular appearances were observed under lower magnification. B, Alveolar space was getting narrowed in treated lung, compared to the normal one. C, Lobular appearances were prominent at higher magnification. D, Narrow edicular spaces signify the increasement of cell density. Ibuprofen showed no effect to revert the structural deformity.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 116, "image": "PMC2638156_F1_34216.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of CHO-perRed peroxisomal marker cells. A. Bright field and fluorescent images of CHO-perRed cells obtained by fluorescent microscopy (original magnification, 100 ×). B. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images (original magnification, 630 ×) of GFP-fused Acaa1 (green) and DsRed2 (red). The merged images (yellow) indicate co-localization of Acaa1 and DsRed2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 117, "image": "PMC2883207_F0001_65877.jpg", "report": "SEM image of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules.Scanning electron micrographs of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules (MC1) prepared by ionic gelation process taken at scope magnifications of ×500.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 118, "image": "PMC3021568_f10_84288.jpg", "report": "Images of microvilli in in vitro reconstituted corneal epithelium. Scanning electron microscope images showing Control (A) and EDEV-HCE tissue induced for 24 h (B) with treatments with different tear substitutes (C-Hyalistil®; D-Etacortilen®; E-Xiloial®; F-TSP 0,5%®; G-Optive®). Two μm magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 119, "image": "PMC2635605_f7-ijms-9-2044_33755.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (A, C) and HEK 293 (B, D) cells in 0.5 and 24 hrs after treating with 10 nM GSH-QDs (top row: a-e), 10 nM GSH-QDs and 1.6 ng/mL Hoechst 33342 (middle row: f-j), and 10 nM GSH-QDs and 0.2 nM ER-TrackerTM Green (bottom row: k-o). Hoechst 33342 and ER-TrackerTM Green stain nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Scale bars in figures show 20 μm length.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 120, "image": "PMC2741442_F2_45804.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural evaluation of muscular biopsy from a PSSM affected Norman Cob horse #49. (A) Transversal section. (B) Longitudinal section. Severe mitochondrial (m) and myofibrillar (f) loss due to abnormal accumulation of granular material (arrowhead) resembling glycogen. Some myelinic bodies (arrow) were present that demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration. A nucleus is indicated (n).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 121, "image": "PMC2649142_F1_35177.jpg", "report": "Microscopic image of the duodenal mucosal biopsy. Duodenal mucosal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 122, "image": "PMC2734747_F2_44540.jpg", "report": "Mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. At this magnification, fibrovascular cores are lined by squamous and glandular epithelium. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification × 100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 123, "image": "PMC2903487_pone-0011560-g006_68677.jpg", "report": "Imaging a specific locus and its chromosome territory in living human cells.Representative images of three different nuclei revealing the relative distribution of chromosome 11 and the 11q13 locus 135 minutes post-mitosis. Maximal projections of 3D stacks of chromosome 11 (green, left) and lacO repeats (red, middle) or merged (right) at 11q13 in 3 different positions: outside main territory (A), edge of territory (B) and inside territory (C). Bar 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 124, "image": "PMC3009745_pone-0015748-g001_82281.jpg", "report": "Treatment with rhGas6 reduces Oil-Red-O positive deposits after cuprizone intoxication.A–F, corpus callosum of mouse brain after PBS treatment. Extensive deposition of Oil-Red- O positive droplets can be seen (arrows). Brain sections from mice treated with 400 ng/ml (G and J), 4 µg/ml (H and K), and 40 µg/ml (I and L) of rhGas6 demonstrate a beneficial effect for all tested rhGas6 doses. Arrows indicate the clearance of debris from the corpus callosum. Low and high magnification, ×50 and ×400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 125, "image": "PMC2064969_F2_14741.jpg", "report": "Deconvoluted, 3-dimensional rendition of multiple-stacked acquisitions of HBD-1 in the epidermis. A nucleus from the volume rendered image is then extracted and wire framed, allowing visualization of the HBD-1 within the nucleus, shown at a high magnification in the final panel (magnification × 4000).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 126, "image": "PMC2587915_ppat-1000240-g002_30635.jpg", "report": "Virus replication is sustained and distribution is more widespread within the lungs of MyD88−/− mice as compared to WT mice.5 µM paraffin-embedded sections derived from the lung tissue of WT and MyD88−/− mice were hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to either the N gene of SARS-CoV (Urbani) or to the EBER2 gene from Epstein-Barr virus (data not shown). Images (magnification, 100×) are representative of at least three mice.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 127, "image": "PMC2621132_F4_32384.jpg", "report": "Higher power view of the lesion showing irregularly arranged bland spindle cells in the lamina propria (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 128, "image": "PMC2873392_F2_64456.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs showing the expression of PI Synthase, PI-3 Kinase and Cyclin D1 in AMOL cells after treatment with ST. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with ST (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and immunolabelled with respective antibodies followed by FITC conjugated secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with PI (red fluorescence). Original Magnification × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 129, "image": "PMC2936354_F4_73129.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 130, "image": "PMC2360493_fig1_21258.jpg", "report": "Representative images of ING2 immunohistochemical staining in human melanocytic lesions. Strong ING2 expression in adjacent normal epidermis (A), normal nevi (B), dysplastic nevi (C), and weak ING2 staining in primary melanoma (D) and metastatic melanoma (E). Arrows indicate strong staining in melanocyte. Magnification, × 400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 131, "image": "PMC2777152_F3_50723.jpg", "report": "EGFR expression was assessed in tumor sections using immunohistochemistry. The brown colored membrane staining indicates EGFR positive immunoreactivity. (A: Control, B: PDT, C: Erbitux and D: PDT +Erbitux). Magnification: 630×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 132, "image": "PMC2612005_F6_31878.jpg", "report": "PSA-NCAM in the human adult medulla oblongata, caudal level (case 10). A: panoramic view of the right side spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part (Sp5C), at the boundary with the spinal cord. B: control immunostaining on a section semiconsecutive to that in A. C: higher magnification of the area framed in A; arrow points to a labelled neuron in the spinal nucleus substantia gelatinosa (sg). sp5, spinal trigeminal tract; fc, fasciculus cuneatus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 μm; D = 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 133, "image": "PMC2266753_F4_18780.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence pattern of pig spermatozoa stained with FITC-PNA + PI for the assessment of acrosome status and sperm viability. Dead cells showing nuclear red PI fluorescence: C-D. Live cells without PI staining: A acrosome-reacted cells with uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of acrosome cap; B: acrosome-unreacted cells with no staining of acrosomal cap (original magnification ×1000).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 134, "image": "PMC2704220_F1_41008.jpg", "report": "CXCR4 expression in HCC TMAs. Representative CXCR4 staining. (A): CXCR4 staining in a single tissue core with a 1-mm diameter (× 50). (B): Cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining. (C): Nuclear CXCR4 staining. (D-G): Examples of weak (+) (D), moderate (++) (E), strong (+++) (F), and very strong staining (++++) (G). All images are × 200 magnification unless otherwise noted.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 135, "image": "PMC2614982_F1_32243.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of a zirconia disk (left) showing occasionally pores on the smooth surface and a titanium disk (right) with rough surface and frequent pores and grooves of different size (2 kV, magnification 500-fold).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 136, "image": "PMC3030506_F2_85758.jpg", "report": "Effects of MWCNT on macrophages in vitro - light microscopy observations. Representative light microscopy images of RAW 264.7 cells exposed for 24 h to culture medium alone (Control) or 100 μg/ml of carbon black (CB), crocidolite fibres, NT1, NT2 or NT3. Original magnification: x 20. Abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 137, "image": "PMC2974734_F3_78098.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of mast cells, 5-HT, and IL-6 (magnification 60×). A-F. FFPE GI mucosa block sectioned and immunostained for mast cells, 5-HT, and IL-6. A-B. Increased mast cell counts per HPF in non-inflammatory biopsies compared to inflammatory biopsies. C-D. No significant difference between phenotypes in 5-HT immunoreactivity. E-F. Increased IL-6 immunoreactivity of inflammatory biopsies compared to non-inflammatory biopsies.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 138, "image": "PMC2993023_fig2_79828.jpg", "report": "\nCase 1: The histopathology of the first biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of BCC.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 139, "image": "PMC2890388_F11_67000.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of burned skin on the 8th day.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 140, "image": "PMC3075449_F0002_92293.jpg", "report": "SEM observation of SBMP after three-month storage time. A(adhesive), C(resin composite) D (dentin), RT(resin tags)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 141, "image": "PMC2850327_F1_61285.jpg", "report": "Endogenous Bmp2 is detectable in the nuclei of three cultured cell lines. (a) Non-transfected 10T1/2 mesenchymal cells, BALB/3T3 fibroblasts, and RCS cells were cultured on slides and immunostained using an anti-Bmp2 antibody (green). Nuclei were stained with TO-PRO-3 (red), and cells were examined by laser confocal microscopy. (b) Antibody specificity was verified by preabsorbing anti-Bmp2 antibody with recombinant human BMP-2 before immunostaining.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 142, "image": "PMC3023714_pone-0016023-g002_84764.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of NIS protein expression in 5 µM sections of selected tissues from patient cohort.(a) Thyroid tissue (positive control) (400×), (b) Antibody free Fibroadenoma (negative control) (200×), (c) Fibroadenoma (400×). Also shown are breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A (d), Luminal B (e), Her2 (f) and Basal (g) at 400× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 143, "image": "PMC2633001_F1_33465.jpg", "report": "A representative immunohistochemical section of the resected primary tumor – diffuse c-KIT staining.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 144, "image": "PMC2686160_pone-0005786-g002_39049.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of T-cell migration.Open bars represent LacZ animals and black bars represent SOD3 animals. Infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes was inhibited in SOD3 animals 10 days after injury remaining at the level seen at earlier 3-day time point (20× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 145, "image": "PMC2551608_F5_27954.jpg", "report": "Microscopic phenotype of A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains. Micelia of the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains grown on liquid rich medium were visualized under optical microscopy at 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture. Bar indicates 1 mm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 146, "image": "PMC2700454_F0001_40499.jpg", "report": "Case of idiopathic BOOP, shown on low power [magnification × 10] - pale staining areas of elongated branching fibrosis, involving bronchiolar lumen and peribronchial airspaces [solid arrow]. The alveolar septae [inset] shows mild chronic inflammation", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 147, "image": "PMC2676252_F2_37916.jpg", "report": "Reorganization of microtububules and centrosome protein in cells expressing myogenic differentiation markers. Culture of mouse myoblasts containing undifferentiated (u) cells, and cells that started to differentiate (d). The centrosome protein PCM-1 is stained in red, DNA is stained in blue. In green is marked (A) tubulin, (B) the differentiation marker 'embryonic myosin', (C) the differentiation marker myogenin, (D) the proliferation marker Ki-67. Bars, 10 μm. Identical magnifications in A-C.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 148, "image": "PMC1896151_F2_11774.jpg", "report": "Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 149, "image": "PMC2841131_F1_59509.jpg", "report": "Histological appearance of IDP of the left breast in low power field, ×40 (A). Two-cell pattern lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification, ×200 (B).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 150, "image": "PMC2360416_fig1_21214.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of cells using anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227). (A, B) DIC microscopy images show clusters of Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines and (C) DIC images show U-87 MG (negative control) cells without clustering. (D, E, F) Fluorescence microscopy images show relative extent of FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227) associated with cells. (G, H, I) Superimposed images confirm areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster (× 20 magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 151, "image": "PMC2862246_f3_63260.jpg", "report": "In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the affected individual. A: Superficial epithelial cells and B: basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border and the presence of reflective material are seen. C: Stroma/endothelium is not apparent.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 152, "image": "PMC2823723_F2_57134.jpg", "report": "Biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS and M18::covS mutant strains. The GAS strains were grown on a polystyrene well surface or plastic coverslips, coated with human collagen type I, for 72 h in static culture. A. Safranin assay. B. Scanning electron microscopy. Different magnifications are presented as follows: 200×, 2000×, 5000× (from lower to upper panel, respectively). The P-value of differences as determined by two-tailed paired Student's t test is shown above the columns in panel A.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 153, "image": "PMC2266936_F2_18904.jpg", "report": "Morphological change of human glioblastoma cells by gamma-irradiation. Phase microphotographs of cultured radio-resistant tumor cells of A172, GBM2, and U87MG cells (× 200 magnification) at various culture passages after gamma-radiation. Scale bars, 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 154, "image": "PMC2927528_F5_72102.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of uranyl acetate-stained native and recombinant VLPs of AmCPV. (A) Native AmCPV particles; (B) Recombinant VLPs expressing AmCPV S3 encoded protein; (C) Recombinant VLPs expressing AmCPV S1 and AmCPV S3 encoded proteins. Upper panel (A-1, B-1 and C-1) shows the purified particles in 20 mM PBS, pH 7.3 and lower panel (A-2, B-2, and C-2) shows immunogold staining of these particles. Bar, 20 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 155, "image": "PMC2825517_F2_57576.jpg", "report": "Inguinal lymph node biopsy: histology characteristic of MCD: (A) Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of lymph node (original magnification × 2.5) showing effaced architecture with few residual follicles. (B) infiltration with large blastic cells (PB, original magnification × 60). (C) Immunostaining reveals blastic cells express HHV-8 (positive cells are brown, original magnification × 60).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 156, "image": "PMC1253790_f1-ehp0113-a0182a_3409.jpg", "report": "Cricket frog swan song? A new examination of historical data shows the decline of cricket frogs in Illinois correlates with organochlorine pesticide use.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 157, "image": "PMC2768757_f2_49211.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 158, "image": "PMC2945342_F3_74588.jpg", "report": "Expression of Ngb, Cygb and CA IX in human normal tissues. Tissue microarrays containing cores obtained from various human normal tissues were stained with to antibodies to Ngb, Cygb or CA IX. Positive staining was visualized by the chromogenic reaction of HRP with DAB. Photomicrographs were obtained at 20× magnification, and the scale bar indicates 50 μM. (A) stomach (fundus); (B) small bowel; (C) gallbladder.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 159, "image": "PMC2361594_fig3_21503.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of IFNAR2 expression in HCC tissues. The intensity of IFNAR2 was scored in a scale from 0 to 2; 0 representing no or faint staining (A); 1=moderate staining (B); and 2=strong staining (C). The latter level of staining was used as an inner control (arrow) within the sample, which was designated arbitrarily as intensity 1, because the epithelial cells of the bile ducts generally expressed moderate levels of IFNAR2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 160, "image": "PMC2741052_fig1_45769.jpg", "report": "Protein kinase C alpha immunohistochemical staining of representative patient tumours. (A, B) Matched primary and recurrent biopsies from patient #10. (C) Primary biopsy from patient #4 exhibiting no disease recurrence. Magnification × 40.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 161, "image": "PMC2982821_pntd-0000884-g006_78552.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. japonicum male adult worm tegument showing immunogold labelling of SjCytb561 and KLH.Panels A and B were labelled with anti-SjCytb561 sera and show gold probes (examples indicated by arrows) over the apical membrane complex (AMC) of the tegument. Panel C was labelled using anti-KLH sera and does not show labelling in the AMC.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 162, "image": "PMC2936088_F0002_73021.jpg", "report": "(a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 163, "image": "PMC1570460_F2_7259.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for neurone-specific enolase (NSE) of a large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology (A) and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (B). (Magnification: 100×, Stain: NSE).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 164, "image": "PMC2714311_F2_41954.jpg", "report": "GFP expression of the transgenic fish in adult Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining of adult PNS was performed with a monoclonal antibody to GFP. Adult trunks of wild type (A-C) and transgenic GFP fish (D-F) were sliced horizontally (10 μm). The pictures show bright-field (A, D), fluorescence (B, E), and merged images (C, F). Myelin structures were observed between muscles (white arrow head). Bars: 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 165, "image": "PMC2919395_pone-0012064-g001_71021.jpg", "report": "VIGS of Thalictrum dioicum PHYTOENE DESATURASE ortholog TdPDS results in varying degrees of leaf photobleaching.A: Untreated T. dioicum plant. B–F: Distribution of photobleaching in TRV2-TdPDS treated plants. G: Leaflet showing signs of silencing along the vascular tissue. H: Detail of partially photobleached leaflet. I: Typical range of silencing in TRV2-TdPDS treated leaflets. Scale bar  = 1 cm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 166, "image": "PMC2796178_pone-0008543-g003_53120.jpg", "report": "Developmental delay in EpCAM-deficient embryos.(A) Embryonic development in wild type, haplosufficient and EpCAM-deficient littermate embryos (E9.5). Arrows indicate open neural tube. Sagittal sections show EpCAM (βgeo) expression in gut endoderm in EpCAM +/− and EpCAM −/− embryos (arrowheads). The embryos depicted were littermates and photos of whole mounts were taken at identical magnifications. (B) Genotypes of embryos depicted in (A).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 167, "image": "PMC3020679_F3_84139.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of PvTRAMP as assessed by IFA using hyper-immune anti-PvTRAMP rabbit sera as primary antibody. (A-C) Detection of P. vivax in early schizont stages. (D-I) Parasites in late schizont stage (segmented). The figure shows fluorescence with DAPI and FITC staining, and the merging of both.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 168, "image": "PMC2978712_pone-0013947-g004_78370.jpg", "report": "Tau expression in adult brain biopsy:\n(A) (a–d): immunocytochemistry for 3R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) and (B) (e–h) for 4R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) in primary culture of biopsy derived human adult neurons. Both isoforms co-localize with β-IIItubulin and are similarly expressed in neuronal cell bodies and axons.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 169, "image": "PMC2593002_f11_30869.jpg", "report": "Visualization of mutations associated with nok m520 gene mutation. Side by side comparison of 72 hours post fertilization embryo eye (A) and heart (B) structures, with nok m520 mutant embryo genotypes on the left, and embryos of the same age without the nok m520 gene mutation. Contrast was enhanced in the retina and heart.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 170, "image": "PMC2408922_F1_23548.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination of LSEC cultures over time by light microscopy. Freshly isolated LSECs cultures were established on 24 well plates and incubated either at hyperoxia (a-c) or at normoxia (d-f). The general morphology of the cultures was monitored by light microscopy at day 1 (a, d), day 3 (b, d) and day 5 (c, f) after isolation. Decline of LSECs cultures may be observed in dishes maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels (a-c) after several days of culture.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 171, "image": "PMC2429980_f4_24351.jpg", "report": "Hyperplasia histology analysis of the spleen in a transgenic mouse compared to a wild type mouse. Shown is a hematoxylin-eosin coloration of spleen taken from an eight-month-old wild type (A) mouse and an eight-month-old transgenic (B) mouse. Hyperplasia of the folliculi in the transgenic mice can be seen in (B). Both pictures were taken at 100X magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 172, "image": "PMC2908739_d32e579_69615.jpg", "report": "Still images from movies of time-course of Rab membrane targeting following mevastatin prenylation block. HeLa cells expressing EGFP-Rab5a (A) or EGFP-Rab1a (B) in the presence of mevastatin were washed with mevastatin-free medium and images collected at the indicated times (in minutes) following removal of the inhibitor. Images shown in A and B correspond to movies 1 and 2, respectively. Bars = 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 173, "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 174, "image": "PMC2724547_F4_43253.jpg", "report": "The differences in the crypt length and crypt cell content are more obvious between WT and KO animals after the treatment by azoxymethane. After the treatment by azoxymethane, the CyCAP-/- mice develop more extensive mucosal hyperplasia of the colon than WT animals (p < 0.0001, T-test). The mononuclear inflammatory content in the lamina propria is not increased compared to WT animals (20 × magnification, H&E).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 175, "image": "PMC2686681_F5_39099.jpg", "report": "Microphotos of SKOV3 cells under TEM observation. 5A: Abundant mitochondria and nucleoli with increased karyoplasm ratio in non-exposure cells. (TEM × 3500). 5B: In response to SPEF exposure (1 kHz), SKOV3 plasma membrane and karyotheca was disintegrated, subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus were cavitated and swollen. (TEM × 3500). 5C: Typical characteristic of apoptosis was further induced by SPEF exposure (5 kHz). (TEM × 10000).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 176, "image": "PMC3059211_pone-0017585-g005_90329.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of actively growing (Panel A) and nonculturable (Panel B) Y. pestis.The coccoid shape of the cells in the tap water microcosm is apparent (Panel B arrows). Magnification in panel A is 5,000X and 10,000X in panel B, bar equal to 1.0 micron.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 177, "image": "PMC3042919_F2_87837.jpg", "report": "Oct-4 expression in bovine blastocysts. Oct-4 immunostaining of blastocysts cultured with 100 ng/ml of either BMP4 or Noggin, Controls were cultured without supplementation. Confocal microscopy, augmentation: 20X and zoom: 2. a) Oct-4 positive cells (green); b) Total nuclei (red); c) Oct-4 positive cells and total nuclei (merged).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 178, "image": "PMC3036732_pone-0016985-g002_86717.jpg", "report": "FITC-PSA staining of human spermatozoa in different treatment groups.A–C: spermatozoa were separated and stained immediately. D–F: spermatozoa were incubated with anti-VDAC2 antibody. G–I: spermatozoa were incubated with normal mouse IgG. J–L: spermatozoa were incubated without any antibody. A, D, G and J: phase-contrast images; B, E, H and K: immunofluorescent images; C, F, I and L: merged images. Magnification was ×1000.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 179, "image": "PMC2989755_fig1_79361.jpg", "report": "Renal biopsy showing Microangiopathic glomerulonephritis.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 180, "image": "PMC2854751_f1-ehp-118-a173a_61962.jpg", "report": "This fluorescence micrograph of differentiated neural progenitor cells shows neurons in green, glial cells in red, and cell nuclei in deep blue (the turquoise results from the overlay of the blue and green channels).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 181, "image": "PMC2708163_F2_41403.jpg", "report": "Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 182, "image": "PMC2821396_F1_56624.jpg", "report": "Lung biopsy (fine needle biopsy), periodic acid Schiff stain ×400 magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 183, "image": "PMC2799220_pone-0008587-g005_53542.jpg", "report": "Localization of OX1R in the pancreatic islets of Wistar rats with acute, short- and long-term diabetes mellitus.Light micrographs showing OX1R-immunoreactive cells in the pancreatic islet of Wistar 12 h (a); 24 h (b); 8 months (c) and 15 months (d) after the onset of diabetes. Note the large number of islet cells containing OX1R in long-term diabetes (c) and (d). Magnification: ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 184, "image": "PMC2935374_pone-0012606-g005_72962.jpg", "report": "Rac GTPase Activation is Critical for Enhanced Oxidative Damage in the Hippocampus CA1 Following GCI.DAB staining of representative coronal CA1 sections show NSC23766 ability to attenuate staining for oxidative stress markers for lipid peroxidation (4-HNE), DNA damage (8-OHdG) and histone phosphorylation (p-H2A.X). (Four to five animals per treatment group, magnification used was 20X).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 185, "image": "PMC2720219_fig2_42698.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining for SAA on NEC paraffin-embedded specimen (A, × 200), USPC-ARK-1 and USPC-ARK-2 (B and C, × 400), and a liver biopsy (D, × 100). NEC 1 showed negative staining for SAA whereas prominent cytoplasmic staining was detectable in representative tissue blocks from both USPC. Strong cytoplasmic SAA positivity was evident in the positive control (i.e., liver).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 186, "image": "PMC2823231_F0001_57052.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from distal radial fracture 19 days after injury. An old, partly necrotic trabecula and woven bone forming without cartilage precursor within the marrow space.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 187, "image": "PMC1310526_F10_4093.jpg", "report": "Immunoblotting of human granulocyte extracts with various HP1 antibodies. Samples: F, normal female; M, normal male; H, HeLa. Panels: a, monoclonal anti-HP1 α (Upstate); b, monoclonal anti-HP1 β (Chemicon); c, rabbit anti-HP1 β (Upstate); d, monoclonal anti-HP1 γ (Chemicon). Note the trace reaction of anti-HP1 γ with the granulocyte extract (panel d).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 188, "image": "PMC3046445_F1_88626.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical statinings of ER, PR, HER2, HER4, and cystatin M in DCIS and IBC lesions. The positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) immunostainings for cystatin M, ER, PR, HER2, and HER4 are shown in DCISs and IBCs. Most cells in the upper row of DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR, strong membrane reactivity for HER2, and strong cytoplasmic staining for HER4 and cystatin M. Magnification × 400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 189, "image": "PMC2822170_F0005_56764.jpg", "report": "Amyloid appears as pink material deposited between adipocytes (Congo red stain, original magnification × 400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 190, "image": "PMC2995788_F2_80251.jpg", "report": "Histological findings of prostate cancer. A, The tumor was composed of a poorly differentiated Gleason 4/5 adenocarcinoma (lower left of photograph) and an undifferentiated sarcomatoid carcinoma (upper right of photograph). B, The intraprostatic tumor showing a mixture of cribriform structures and necrosis. C, The tumor in the area of posterior invasion. Arrows indicate multinucleated giant cells. D, Cytokeratin AE1/3 immunostaining of the sarcomatoid carcinoma component.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 191, "image": "PMC2894832_F3_67910.jpg", "report": "Detection of HIV-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 spot forming cells in HIV-infected individuals with continuously detectable HIV replication. Four PBMC samples taken from a representative HIV-infected individual with continuously detectable HIV replication on dates shown on top of the figure together with concurrent log10 copies HIV RNA/ml plasma were tested as described in figure 1.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 192, "image": "PMC3065449_F4_91203.jpg", "report": "Isomin in vitro reassembly. (a) Negative staining of in vitro-reassembled isomin filament. Bar = 200 nm. The inset shows at a greater magnification two loosely packed filaments, revealing thinner protofilaments (arrowheads); bar = 100 nm. (b) Electrophoretic analysis on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel of the sedimented (P) and supernatant (S) fraction after centrifugation of in-vitro reassembled isomin filaments. Migration of molecular weight reference proteins is indicated on the right.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 193, "image": "PMC1891001_fig01_11527.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Note in (A) focal reactivity of a few sinusoids in normal liver; in (B) a moderate increase in cirrhotic liver and in (C) strong immunoreactivity in a poorly differentiated HCC.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 194, "image": "PMC2409956_fig2_23850.jpg", "report": "Morphological effects of khat in HL60 cells. HL-60 cells in early logarithmic growth phase were exposed to an organic extract of khat (200 μg ml−1) for 8 h (panels B and D) or left nonsupplemented (control treated with DMSO solvent) (panels A and C). The cellular morphology was visualised by electron microscopy at × 1000 magnification (panels A–B) and at × 6000 magnification (panels C, D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 195, "image": "PMC2908622_ppat-1001016-g001_69595.jpg", "report": "RABV infection of APCs, but not fibroblasts, induces type I IFN production.BSR, NA, Raw264.7, or JAWSII cells were infected with RABV (A) or UV-deactivated RABV (B) and the supernatant from the infected cells was UV-deactivated. Reporter cells were pre-treated with the UV-deactivated supernatant (diluted 1∶10) for 24h and then infected with VSV-GFP for 5h. Fluorescence indicates viral replication, and thus, lack of type I IFN. Photos are representative of two independent experiments.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 196, "image": "PMC2913979_F1_70442.jpg", "report": "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas showing diffuse sheets of cells at (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×100 magnification, (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×400 magnification. (C) Fibrillary nodules (hematoxylin and eosin staining, at ×40 magnification). And (D) perivascular rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100 magnification) are also shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 197, "image": "PMC2667670_pone-0005295-g001_37138.jpg", "report": "Qualitative FRAP experiments of red alga P. cruentum WT cell.A, selected fluorescence images from typical sequences recorded before bleaching, immediately after bleaching of PBsomes, and at various time lapses. Excitation is at 568 nm and detection range is from 650 to 750 nm. Scale bar: 5 µm; B, total fluorescence intensity of bleached cell region as a function of time. The recovery of the fluorescence is presented as square spots and fitted to an exponential function (solid line).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 198, "image": "PMC2241821_F4_17545.jpg", "report": "Expression of randomly picked scFvs in HeLa cells. Cells were transfected with scFv-EGFP constructs as indicated. 13R4 and 1F4 represent the positive and negative controls, respectively [5]. At 24 h post-transfection, cells were fixed and visualized under a fluorescent microscope with the fluorescein isothiocyanate filter set. The micrographs represent typical fields containing a similar number of cells in each case. Magnification: × 400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 199, "image": "PMC2901306_F5_68436.jpg", "report": "Elemental analysis of intracellular QDs. Figure A shows an intracellular vesicle containing QDs and the area analyzed by ESI as shown at higher magnification in figure B. Elemental analysis by ESI for S (E), Cd (F) and Os (G) has been performed. Figure C further represents the ESI signal extraction of S and Se. Figure D represents the Se signal without the Os signal. Scale bar A equates to 200 nm and B-G equate to 50 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 200, "image": "PMC2879277_F3_65332.jpg", "report": "Curcumin ameliorates αS-induced morphological changes in SH-SY5Y cells evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. After 48 hr incubation, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, stained with Hoechst 33342 (5 mg/mL) and analyzed using a Nikon TE300 fluorescence microscope. Fluorescence micrographs (100× magnification) of the (A) control cells, (B) cells exposed to αS, (C) cells exposed to αS+curcumin and (D) curcumin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 201, "image": "PMC1388236_F1_4720.jpg", "report": "Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 202, "image": "PMC2839984_F2_59333.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of bladder biopsy specimens revealed histological changes associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (× 10).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 203, "image": "PMC2898770_F3_68234.jpg", "report": "3D view of the locked targets. 3D representation of the HIV-1 homodimer (1HSG) protease. Same colour codes as Figures 1 and 2. a: SGI flap (4 orange SLs + 3 green invariants) b: SGI flap + SGI canti (2 red SLs + 1 green invariant) c: SGI fulc (2 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) d: SGI fulc + SGI canti (4 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) The 3D molecules were built by pymol software.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 204, "image": "PMC3066639_fig4_91383.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of E-LDL-bound C1q molecules. (a, b) Examples of C1q molecules interacting through most of their globular domains (a) or only a few (b). (c) Representative example of a free C1q molecule (modified from [15], with permission).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 205, "image": "PMC2707626_pone-0006303-g007_41314.jpg", "report": "Cultured Symbiodinium motile cells viewed with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope without the DIC analyzer.(a) CS-156. (b) FKM0207. Bright areas near the sulcus (arrows) indicate that strong light reflection and polarization may occur in this area corresponding to the location of the clusters as revealed by transmission electron microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 206, "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 207, "image": "PMC2997091_F1_80484.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Examples of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of healthy tissues (A), ulcerative colitis (B), adenomas (C) and adenocarcinomas (D) (magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 208, "image": "PMC1877879_pgen-0030083-g004_11167.jpg", "report": "DAPI Staining of Atzip4-1 PMCs during Meiosis(A) Leptotene, (B) zygotene: The synapsed portion of (B) has been magnified and is presented in the boxed area of the figure. (C) Pachytene, (D) diakinesis, (E–H) metaphase I, (I) anaphase I, (J) metaphase II, (K) anaphase II, (L) end of meiosis.Bar, 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 209, "image": "PMC546200_F1_1169.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph survey of pumice granules and biofilm development. Before colonisation (A) pumice granules are blank. After 6 month of operation (B), rod shaped cells cover the pumice surface. In the 12 month biofilm, an abundant exopolymeric matrix is visible on pumice granules both at the bottom (C) and top (D) of the column.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 210, "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 211, "image": "PMC2442062_F4_24937.jpg", "report": "CORT-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells. mLTC-1 cells were transiently transfected with NFAT2-GFP expressing vector. 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with 100 nM CORT or 100 nM CORT plus 100 ng/ml CsA for 12 h. The cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed. Representative fields of cells were viewed by Confocal microscopy and photographed.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 212, "image": "PMC2374951_F5_22155.jpg", "report": "Tumor formation and lung metastases 30 days after tumor implantation. (a) Primary tumor weights. (b) The average numbers of lung metastatic nodules. (c) Representative photos of the lungs. The arrows point to the metastatic nodules in lung. (d) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining sections of the lungs were photographed at 40× magnification. *P < 0.05. M, metastatic nodule; N, normal.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 213, "image": "PMC2803811_F2_54120.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph shows granulomatous inflammation, hematoxylin and eosin, 400× (a); higher magnification shows an epithelioid cell granuloma with chronic inflammation, hematoxylin and eosin, 600× (b).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 214, "image": "PMC2806049_F4_54785.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of TIA-1 across tissue types and age groups. Representative\n TIA-1 signals in photomicrographs taken from the indicated tissue sections\n from human tissue arrays. Images are shown at ×200 magnification.\n \n ", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 215, "image": "PMC2837148_fig6_58869.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic analysis of Candida albicans interaction with LCs. (A) Electron microscopic picture of LCs which has internalized C. albicans (C). Arrow is directed towards C. albicans. (B–D) Gold labelling of Langerin demonstrates Langerin localization at the binding site of LCs and C. albicans. Arrows are directed towards Langerin gold labelling. Picture (B) is a magnification of (A), and (D) is a magnification of (C).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 216, "image": "PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61550.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 217, "image": "PMC2978702_pone-0013906-g002_78281.jpg", "report": "PET blots of cerebellum.PET blots show prominent deposition of PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD and BSE inoculated animals whereas the subclinical vCJD inoculated primate only shows faint PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers (scale bar in lower left image 1 mm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 218, "image": "PMC2374879_pone-0002142-g003_22124.jpg", "report": "Expression and localization of Wnt3a in lung tissues of donor and IPF patients.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue sections of donor (a) or IPF lungs (b). Representative pictures with focus on the bronchial (upper panel) or alveolar epithelium (lower panel) are given. Stainings are representative of two independent experiments using at least three different donor or IPF lung tissues (magnification as indicated).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 219, "image": "PMC2747840_F5_46604.jpg", "report": "Transduction of sensory fibers within the dorsal horn following rAAV2/6 delivery via different routes. (A) eGFP expression in dorsal horn following sciatic nerve, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intrathecal injection of 2.6 × 105 tu rAAV2/6. Scale bar: 100 μm. Confocal microscope images for CGRP (red, lamina I and II outer) and IB4 (blue, lamina II inner) against eGFP expression (green) in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve (B) and intrathecal (C) injection. Scale bar: 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 220, "image": "PMC2685374_F2_38877.jpg", "report": "Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 221, "image": "PMC2698670_F12_40297.jpg", "report": "Allergan Biocell in scanning electron microscopy at 3330× magnification with a 5-µm scale bar. This image shows the base of a Biocell depression at high magnification and shows that this surface has a secondary, finer wavy topography to its internal surface.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 222, "image": "PMC2769422_fig-001_49466.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the cystic hygroma. (A) a huge nuchal cystic mass measuring 20 × 15 mm is observed around the neck (arrows). Externally, no other apparent malformations are noted. (B) Histopathological examination revealed numerous dilated lymphatics with proliferation of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and edema in the subcutaneous area (HE, ×200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 223, "image": "PMC2860995_pone-0010384-g002_63052.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for Ab-HepIII in the infarct region.Hearts from rats sacrificed on 1 day after injection. The rats were injected intravenously with either (a) PBS or (b) the Ab-HepIII 1 day post-MI. The presence of the Ab is indicated by the brown stain. For the sake of clarity, we have outlined the infarct region. At high magnification, we were also able to see fluorescence within the infarct region(c), as indicated by the arrow, of the FITC-labeled peptides (indicated in black).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 224, "image": "PMC2796396_pcbi-1000638-g005_53149.jpg", "report": "Path density and path curvature are two independent measures.A. The path plot of a mouse-session portrays a circular bundle of paths. B. The contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths does not pick up the high path density patches because path curvature is of a different scale. Curvature window size and colors are as in Figure 3.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 225, "image": "PMC2206006_F1_16283.jpg", "report": "Expression of ETARs and ETBRs in rat dorsal root ganglion. Sections of lumbar rat dorsal root ganglion were analysed for the expression of ETARs (A) or ETBRs (B, C) using affinity-purified antibodies. For the identification of TRPV1-postive neurons co-staining with a TRPV1 antibody (A, B) was performed. Expression of ETBRs in glial cells was demonstrated by co-staining of the S100 antigen (C). Bars: 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 226, "image": "PMC2660713_F1_36567.jpg", "report": "A 36-year-old HIV-infected woman with Mycobacterium avium disease. A) Photograph of skin lesions on right leg, taken before treatment. B) Histopathologic appearance of skin biopsy specimen from right leg lesion (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 227, "image": "PMC1208912_F3_3134.jpg", "report": "Confocal immunofluorescence for aquaporins and solute transporters in WIF-B cells. WIF-B cells were fixed, permeabilized, and labeled with anti-AQPs, AE2, Mrp2 or Bsep. Fluorescence localization was viewed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (see \"Materials and Methods\" for details). *, bile canaliculi structures.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 228, "image": "PMC2777864_F7_50906.jpg", "report": "Co-localization between PTEN and BMI1 in primary prostate cancer tissues. Double IF staining for BMI1 (red) and PTEN (green) in normal prostatic gland (normal), PIN, PTEN-negative carcinoma, and PTEN-positive carcinoma. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured with a confocal microscope. Scale bar represents 20 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 229, "image": "PMC1872031_F8_10971.jpg", "report": "1. Photograph of a patient showing swelling over left shoulder: later diagnosed as Hemangiopericytoma. 2. X-ray showing lesion involving the left clavicle. 3. Smear showing malignant round cells radiating from vessels. [MGG ×400]. 4. Histological section of the same case showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells [H&E × 200].", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 230, "image": "PMC3062588_F1_90792.jpg", "report": "HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 231, "image": "PMC2717979_F2_42475.jpg", "report": "ST rapidly reduces focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells. Cells were treated for 3 h with 10 ng/ml EGF, 40 nM ST or both, fixed and immunostained for the focal contact specific protein paxillin (b+w, green in enlarged images) and F-actin (red). Magnification: ×63, scale bar = 10 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 232, "image": "PMC2930302_F0003_72322.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing polyhedral cells arranged singly and in loose aggregates possessing a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing brown pigment (Papanicolaou stain, ×400)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 233, "image": "PMC1913502_F6_12133.jpg", "report": "CAR expression in human tissue. Expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) in biopsies of normal human colon (upper panel) and human colon cancer (lower panel). Red staining of CAR after reaction with a monoclonal anti-CAR antibody and an APAAP detection system.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 234, "image": "PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15322.jpg", "report": "Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 235, "image": "PMC2662459_f3-ijms-10-00037_36765.jpg", "report": "Images of midbrain micromass cultures, exposed for 5 days to different concentrations of OTA. Neurospheres were stained with haematoxylin (16 × magnification). After exposure to 2.5 μg/mL neurospheres were smaller and more numerous, after two highest concentrations no differentiated cells were observed.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 236, "image": "PMC2607279_F2_31774.jpg", "report": "Equine oocytes incubated with GalTase and with anti-GalTase antibodies (A) or preimmune serum (B); equine oocytes incubated without GalTase and with anti-GalTase antibodies (C) or preimmune serum (D). (Observation with an epifluorescent microscope at 400 × magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 237, "image": "PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35933.jpg", "report": "Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.\nM. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 238, "image": "PMC2761003_fig04_47875.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 239, "image": "PMC2361288_fig1_21398.jpg", "report": "Histological section stained with anit-Ki67, 1 : 6000. Pretreatment Tris-EDTA pH7.6 (magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 240, "image": "PMC3022558_F5_84476.jpg", "report": "Dilution trial of agroinoculant with FECT and p19 on N. benthamiana plants. Top row: FECT40/GFP vector. Bottom row: JL24/GFP vector. A.t. cell suspensions were diluted, as noted in the figure, from an initial OD600 of 1.0. Pictures were taken under UV illumination at 4 dpi with photos taken at same exposure.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 241, "image": "PMC2904739_F2_68832.jpg", "report": "Gross examination of lesion. On macroscopical examination, the lesion was composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes and a whitish ovoid mass, measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. No necrosis, haemorrhage and gross calcification were found in the mass and other tissue fragments.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 242, "image": "PMC2921398_F2_71273.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of EMPD. (A) H&E staining indicated Paget cells into the epidermis (original magnification × 100), and (B) The dermis contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (original magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 243, "image": "PMC2775945_pone-0007913-g002_50482.jpg", "report": "Lysosome ultrastructure appears unaltered during Nlrp1b-mediated pyroptosis.(A) RAW 264.7 cells were pre-stained with Lysotracker Red DND-99 followed by LT or untreated (NT) for 75 min and imaged on glass slides at 40× magnification. Black arrows correspond to condensed nuclear DNA observed in pyroptotic cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 244, "image": "PMC1832177_F3_10172.jpg", "report": "TUNEL staining of Spiroplasma infected male embryo (A) and female embryo (B), both at stage 10, 5–7 h AEL. Red fluorescence indicates apoptotic nuclei; whilst the female embryo shows the characteristic pattern of apoptotic nuclei restricted to the cephalic furrow, apoptotic nuclei are observed throughout the male.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 245, "image": "PMC2952964_F4_75633.jpg", "report": "miR-449a triggers cellular senescence in DU-1.1 and B5 cellsDU-1.1 and B5 cells were transfected with mock, miR-Con, or miR-449a for 72 hours. Transfection of miR-449a at 10 or 25 nM concentrations improved cell density for analysis. Cells were fixed in formaldehyde and stained for SA-β-gal activity overnight. Images were captured by phase contrast microscopy at 200X magnification. Dark perinuclear staining marks senescent cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 246, "image": "PMC2758850_F6_47491.jpg", "report": "Tertiary structure of E. coli EF-Tu (PDB ID: 1EFC) [57], which has two identical polymer chains (A and B). The covarion residues are mapped on the A chain (the top polymer). The red arrow points to the purple strip of a loop region of 10 nearly consecutive covarion sites (sites 37, 38, 40 - 46, 48 in 1EFC), which corresponds to sites 31, 32, 34 - 40, 42 on the EF alignment listed in Figure 5. The loop region is connected to the two helices, one at either end.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 247, "image": "PMC2984396_F6_78663.jpg", "report": "Morphology of differentiated osteoclast cells. May Grunwald-Giemsa staining of (A) multinucleated osteoclasts and (B) MC3T3-E1 cells. Both cells were subjected to cytospin at day 3, 5, 7 or 10 differentiations prior to May Grunwald-Giemsa staining. The figure shows that the numbers of multinucleated osteoclast cells increased upon differentiation of mononucleated cells but not MC3T3-E1 cells. The black arrows show the multinucleated osteoclasts (400× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 248, "image": "PMC1563456_F6_7056.jpg", "report": "Our procedure allows automated production of a map that identifies locations of interest in an electron micrograph, illustrated here for the C test function. Instead of simply counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image, the virologist is aided considerably in this task by the availability of such a map. The various structures are sorted left to right in order of descending matching values beginning at the left side of the top row.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 249, "image": "PMC2994737_f5_80024.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors on HCE cell membrane. Images shown were taken using the FITC filter of confocal microscope (Leica SP20). Cells were blocked for 90 min, washed, and then either mock treated with buffer alone (B, D, F) or treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1 (A), HVEM (C), and PILR-alpha (E). Images were taken after the incubation of HCE cells with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. Staining of cells with green demonstrate receptor expression.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 250, "image": "PMC2923536_F1_71531.jpg", "report": "B. rapa genotype R-o-18 plant development. A) Seedling three weeks after sowing, B) Fully expanded rosette leaf, C) mature and fully elongated fruit, D) main shoot of flowering R-o-18 plant seven weeks after sowing, E) open flower, F) scanning electron micrograph of the base of gynoecium at anthesis, G) cross section of fully elongated R-o-18 fruit.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 251, "image": "PMC1904365_pgen-0030101-g002_11912.jpg", "report": "LM of the SAM from Paraffin Sections of Maize Seedlings(A) The apex before LM is shown.(B) Laser ablation is used to isolate the SAM from surrounding leaf primordia and stem tissue, without heating or damaging adjacent SAM tissues.(C) SAM tissue is microdissected via laser pressure catapulting, in which the laser is focused beneath the targeted SAM tissue and a high photonic force catapults the tissue into a collection tube suspended above the sample.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 252, "image": "PMC1200430_F2_3020.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ATP-binding cassette proteins in human lung. A. apical expression of P-gp in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; frozen section, antibody C219), B. basolateral expression of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; antibody MRPr1), C. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (healthy individual; antibody MRPr1). Lu, lumen. Scale bar = 25 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 253, "image": "PMC2898085_F6_68176.jpg", "report": "The effects of Tsc22d3 and Sgk1 knockdown on dendritic spine morphology in cultured primary neurons. Representative micrographs and three-dimensional Imaris reconstructions of dendritic segments of hippocampal and cortical neurons are presented. The neurons were transfected with pSUPER (control) or GILZsh mix or SGK1sh mix in pSUPER on day in vitro 14 for 3 days. GFP was used to highlight transfected cell morphology.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 254, "image": "PMC2929556_F0002_72276.jpg", "report": "Microscopic hair characteristics (cuticle, medulla and cross-section) of Pantholops hodgsonii (left side) and Capra hircus (right side)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 255, "image": "PMC2235856_F8_17457.jpg", "report": "Hydrogel Reversibility. Time resolved confocal scan of 15 μm spheres suspended in situ with pH and enzyme triggered reversing. Color indicates time; red is the start time, green is at 5 minutes, blue is at 10 minutes. Lack of color differentiation indicates limited mobility.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 256, "image": "PMC2409630_fig3_23755.jpg", "report": "Effect of yessotoxin on morphology of MCF-7 cells in culture. Phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 200) of MCF-7 cells after treatment for 4 days with vehicle (A) or 1 nM YTX (B).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 257, "image": "PMC2805630_F5_54689.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin 8 staining on USSC-derived spheres. A, As a positive control for CK8 expression, primary human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells were stained. B, Representative microscopy images of seven day spheres fixed, sectioned and stained with a Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) antibody (Alexa488; green) and counter stained with 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). The respective negative isotype control images are also shown. (Magnification ×200; scale bar is 100 μm.)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 258, "image": "PMC2265287_F5_18614.jpg", "report": "Blocks of archived lung from autopsies of patients dying without a lung disease showed normal staining for ferritin at the airways and among a few alveolar macrophages (left). Positive staining for ferritin was increased in lung tissue of patients diagnosed with PAP (right). Expression of the protein in the patients with PAP appears to include not only airway epithelium and macrophages but also material filling the alveolar spaces. Magnification approximates 200×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 259, "image": "PMC2830486_pone-0009452-g004_58191.jpg", "report": "Microscopic aspect of RT-associated tonsillar specimen subjected to immunohistochemistry.\nS. aureus-bacteria were marked by the APAAP staining technique. A: base of a tonsillar crypt (x200) B: necrosis (x200) C: tonsillary epithelium (x1000). These photographs demonstrate that RT-associated S. aureus isolates are involved in pathological processes and are not transient colonizers.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 260, "image": "PMC2225469_fig1_17108.jpg", "report": "Two methods to establish the orthotopic tumors. \nPanel (a) shows surgical exposure of the proximal\ntibia plus drilling a hole through cortical bone to accommodate\nosteosarcoma cells (25× magnification); Panel (b) shows a high\nmagnification (200×) of orthotopic bone tumor with the surgical\nmethod. Panels (c) and (d) example the tumor by direct injection of\ntumor cells to proximal tibia, mostly out growth surrounding the\nbone (25× and 200×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 261, "image": "PMC2636757_F2_33845.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy illustration of samples of MCF-7 cells A-C) without treatment; D-F) treated 30 minutes with heparitinase (in figure F a group of three cells), Cells were stained with ErbB4 carboxy-terminus specific HFR-1 antibody. Accumulation of immunoreactive perinuclear granules is indicated by arrows. G) Activity of Heparitinase was controlled by simultaneous Western analysis of ErbB4 cleavage from parallel samples.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 262, "image": "PMC2837561_fig1_58974.jpg", "report": "Microphotographs of ovarian cancer (A), gastric cancer (B), and PAC (C) showing positive nuclear APE1 expression (magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 263, "image": "PMC2729294_fig1_43866.jpg", "report": "(a) Papillary fronds with delicate fibrovascular core (H&E, X20); (b) border of villous adenoma with squamous epithelium in the urethral diverticulum (H&E, X40); (c) columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells demonstrating nuclear stratification, surface mitotic figures and loss of polarity (H&E, X100); (d) abundant mitosis, including atypical forms (H&E, X400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 264, "image": "PMC2769324_fig-003_49329.jpg", "report": "40× magnification showing vascular channels lined by endothelial calls showing nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. The surrounding stroma is loose and myxoid.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 265, "image": "PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22933.jpg", "report": "Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 266, "image": "PMC2710317_F3_41571.jpg", "report": "Microscopic finding of the tumor (higher magnification). AB: More than 95% of the tumor was adipose component, containing only scant epithelial components. (HE staining, AB: ×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 267, "image": "PMC2270268_F4_19390.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence and brightfield images of post-laser manipulated 8-cell stage embryos. Embryos were porated for exogenous FITC delivery using an average laser power of 45 mW. The beam dwell time was set to 50 ms with three pulsing events of the galvo for (a, b) and two for (c, d). Three pores were made in each of 2 blastomere cells, yielding a total of six pores for the entire embryo. Scale bars for (a, b, c, d) represent 200 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 268, "image": "PMC3068475_fig5_91466.jpg", "report": "Adipophilin in cellular membranes. Survey freeze-fracture view of a lipid-laden macrophage immunogold-labeled for adipophilin. Apart from positive labeling in the periphery of lipid droplets prominent label is seen in the P face of the plasma membrane (PL) and ER membranes. The E faces of the ER, mitochondrial and vesicle membranes are devoid of label. Inset: higher magnification of the P face of ER and plasma membrane. M mitochondria. Bar: 0.2 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 269, "image": "PMC3071363_pntd-0001011-g003_91807.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of SmAP in adult parasites.A. Cross section through a male/female couple showing widespread immunofluorescent staining with anti-SmAP antibody. B. Higher magnification image of the peripheral tissue of an adult male. The arrow indicates the outer tegument. C. Electron micrograph of the adult tegument showing immunogold labeling of SmAP. Arrows indicate gold particles at the host-parasite interface. Numbers above scale bars represent microns.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 270, "image": "PMC3001466_pone-0015130-g014_81030.jpg", "report": "3-dimensional model of the ascorbate binding region of the adrenergic receptor.The position of the ascorbate binding site (highlighted in blue beneath the arrow) is immediately adjacent to the adrenergic binding site. (Model provided by, and adapted, with permission from Lei Shi and Jonathan A. Javitch, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and reprinted from the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, volume 42 © Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org) [22].", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 271, "image": "PMC1261536_F3_3514.jpg", "report": "Cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies stained with antibodies against the ln γ1 chain. Allergic asthma (A), non-allergic asthma (B) and healthy control (C) (original magnification ×170). The comparison of the thickness of SEBM is shown and the significant differences between the groups shown in the figure. Mayer's hematoxylin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 272, "image": "PMC2360342_fig7_21184.jpg", "report": "EBOECs maintain endothelial cell function. Uptake of acetylated LDL is a method for the identification of functional endothelial cells. EBOECs take up acetylated LDL (left) and form vascular tubes in culture (right). Images are representative of triplicate slides (LDL uptake) or wells (vascular tubes).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 273, "image": "PMC2754338_pone-0007315-g012_47090.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for adenocarcinoma (Reck, Cdh5, S100A14).(a) Immunohistochemical staining of control lung tissue, (b) lung cancer at 10× magnification and (c) at 40× magnification (d) lung cancer in the presence of primary antibody, after preincubation with blocking peptide and (e) positive control. 7 = reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck), 8 = cadherine 5 (Cdh5) and 9 = S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 274, "image": "PMC2958945_F1_76603.jpg", "report": "Cases with concordant judgment of HER2 score between CNB and surgically resected specimens. A-B. Case 3: HER2 score for both the CNB specimen (A) and the surgically resected specimen (B) was 3+. C-D. Case 22: HER2 score for both the CNB specimen (C) and the surgically resected specimen (D) was 2+. E-F. Case 2: HER2 score for both the CNB specimen (E) and the surgically resected specimen (F) was 0. Immunoperoxidase reaction, original magnification ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 275, "image": "PMC2732489_F3_44363.jpg", "report": "Adherence patterns of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains. Localized adherence (LA), diffuse adherence (DA), aggregative adherence (AA), and localized adherence-like (LAL). Magnification: X100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 276, "image": "PMC3049761_pone-0017475-g001_89091.jpg", "report": "Uptake of fluorescent dyes by neurons of Heterodera schachtii.\nAfter 16 h exposure to 1 mM of A) FITC B) Alexa Fluor 488 and C) bisbenzimide fluorescence was observed in J2 of H. schachtii using epillumination excitation under standard conditions. Images A) and B) are lateral views and C) a dorsal view. Key: c, cephalic framework; (showing autofluoresence); a, amphidial pouch; d, tract of amphidial dendrites; n, nerve ring; g, region of the lateral and ventral ganglia. Scale bars are 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 277, "image": "PMC519028_F5_540.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographic panoramic view of the patient's cutaneous biopsy showing an asymmetric lesion with a basal confluent growth (Hematoxylin and Eosin 2×)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 278, "image": "PMC2364253_fig3_21702.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GalNAc-T3. Normal bronchial epithelial cells (A) and bronchial gland cells (B) showed GalNAc-T3 expression. GalNAc-T3 expression was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumour cells or localised in the Golgi apparatus in an adenocarcinoma (C), but not seen in a squamous cell carcinoma (D). Scale bar=20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 279, "image": "PMC2361256_fig3_21388.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on lymph nodes containing carcinomatous cells detected after HES staining (right) after incubation with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (left) (final magnification × 400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 280, "image": "PMC2538763_fig4_27840.jpg", "report": "Localisation of junctional proteins and phospho-Smad2 in Smad7-induced liver metastases. Tissues from normal livers of parental and vector control cells injected mice and liver metastases from Smad7-expressing clones injected mice were collected 33 days after splenic injection. (A) Shows staining with H&E, proliferation marker Ki67 and Tunnel. (B) Shows immunohistochemical staining for phospho-Smad2, E-cadherin, Claudin-1 and Claudin-4. Pictures were taken at original magnification of 630 × .", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 281, "image": "PMC3051156_fig3_89465.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical study of TLR4, NF-κB, and MCP-1 on brain samples in (scale bar, 100 μm). The arrows show the positive neurons.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 282, "image": "PMC2850372_pone-0010051-g002_61321.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of the panel of particles of different geometries used for the attachment study.(a–c) Spheres of 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm respectively; (d–f) Rods stretched from 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm spheres respectively; (g–i) Oblate ellipsoids Rods stretched from 0.5 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm spheres respectively. The volume of the particles in a particular column is constant and corresponds to the volume of the sphere in that column. (Scale bar 5 µm for all images)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 283, "image": "PMC3045890_F5_88331.jpg", "report": "Localization of Physcomitrella hexokinases to mitochondria. GFP fluorescence is show in green and the mitochondria specific dye MitoTracker® in orange. The white bars represent 1 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 284, "image": "PMC2931510_F2_72530.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous biopsy specimen. Periodic acid-Schiff staining with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans (PAS-positive spherules with prominent capsules in a zone of clearance or \"halo\" around the cells, original magnification × 630).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 285, "image": "PMC3045294_F7_88194.jpg", "report": "ROS is not increased in arrested bps1 leaves. (A). Hydrogen peroxide, visualized using DAB, was found in necrotic lesions and associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. (B) Superoxide, visualized using NBT staining, was found associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. Bars = 200 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 286, "image": "PMC2678080_F1_38024.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic EABA in PTC tissue. a) Cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (LSAB+); objective magnification 5×; b) No reaction in the same sample of PTC (EnVision); objective magnification 5×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 287, "image": "PMC2982818_pone-0014010-g001_78549.jpg", "report": "EBP and lipid rafts are colocalized at the plasma membrane.EBP and lipid rafts localization were analyzed using confocal microscopy as described in the Methods section. EBP appears as a red staining, lipid rafts as a green staining and the colocalization as a yellow staining. The scale represents 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 288, "image": "PMC2360262_fig3_21104.jpg", "report": "(A) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of transduced cells expressing mitochondrially localised red fluorescent protein. The cells from the gate designated M1 were used in subsequent experiments. (B) Micrographs of the labelled MG63 OS cells. (C) Micrographs of the tumour spheres derived from culture in clotted human plasma. (D) A sectioned tumour sphere (red) immunostained for the detection of Dkk-1 (green). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). The isotype control is presented on the right.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 289, "image": "PMC3006376_F4_81896.jpg", "report": "The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary lymphoma. Figures A and B shows infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes with occasional mitotic. The immunohistocemical tests were positive for the B-cell CD20 marker (C) and negative for the T-cell marker CD3 (D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 290, "image": "PMC2963642_pone-0013586-g003_76774.jpg", "report": "Mammary tumor histology observed in Met mutants.A) Adenocarcinoma with solid patterns and squamous metaplasia in a FVB-MetM1248T/L1193V mouse; B) myoepithelioma in a FVB-MetM1248T/L1193V mouse; C and D) adenocarcinomas with tubular patterns from two individual FVB-MetM1248T mice; E) squamous cell carcinoma observed in a FVB-MetY1228C mouse; and F) an adenosquamous carcinoma observed in a FVB-MetY1228C mouse. All H&E images were taken at 200× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 291, "image": "PMC2464599_F5_25416.jpg", "report": "Subcellular distribution of CGI-146 protein tagged with GFP. The CGI-146-GFP fusion protein localized in Golgi complex marked with fluorescein isothiocyanate (A). Red fluorescence of mitochondria were stained with the mitochondrial-specific dye, Mito-Tracker Red (B) and blue fluorescence of nuclei were stained with Hoechst33342 (C). The overlay images were produced by merging all three signals together (D). The control micrographs (E-H) showed the GFP in the cytoplasm. Bars represent 30 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 292, "image": "PMC2779586_ppat-1000682-g003_51264.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CD244 in PBMCs of patients with HAM/TSP.After the culture for 8 hours, PBMCs were stained with antibodies against perforin, CD244 and CD48, and visualized through microscope. Two representative 3D images were shown in A and B. The image shows DAPI (blue), perforin (green), CD244 (orange) and CD48 (purple). In addition to DAPI and perforin (left), CD244 (middle) and CD48 (right) are merged. The white arrows indicate CD244 clustering at the cell contact area.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 293, "image": "PMC2814232_fig4_55950.jpg", "report": "Hyaluronidase detection on tryptic soy agar supplemented with hyaluronic acid. S. aureus ATCC 33753 (a), S. aureus Newman (b), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (c), and a mixture of all three (d). Colonies of S. aureus Newman did not adhere to the agar surface when acetic acid was removed from the plates for photographic documentation.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 294, "image": "PMC2610034_F1_31800.jpg", "report": "Protein expression of Trail, p21 and Ccnb1 in serous epithelial benign, low malignant potential and LG ovarian tumors. Representative images of immunoperoxidase-stained tissue cores are shown for each protein and tumor classes (20× magnification). Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed for each of these proteins.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 295, "image": "PMC3027648_pone-0016387-g005_85574.jpg", "report": "LF82 colonization affects the nematode epithelium.Electron micrographs of C. elegans thin sections. (A–C) Nematodes feeding for three days on OP50, LF82 and LF82Δhfq, respectively. (D–L) Nematodes feeding for five days. MV, microvilli; TW, terminal web; Ec, E. coli bacteria. Damaged apical microvilli are indicated by black arrows. Scale bars represent 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 296, "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 297, "image": "PMC2861821_F0001_63214.jpg", "report": "Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 298, "image": "PMC2930628_F5_72354.jpg", "report": "NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days where necrotic cell in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris (Red star, A & B, Bar = 2 μm) is seen lying adjacent to numerous membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes (C, red triangle, Bar = 2 μm) identified as dendrites under high power (D, red triangle, Bar = 500 nm); Figure E and F show reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts. (Bars = 2 μm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 299, "image": "PMC2667487_F1_37109.jpg", "report": "B1R distribution in thoracic spinal cord of STZ-treated rats was shown by confocal microscopy with [Nα-Bodipy]-des-Arg9-BK. Shown are pictures from low (i) to high magnification (V) of the dorsal horn. Scale bars = 200, 50, 20, 5 and 2.5 μm, respectively from (i) to (V). Pictures are representative of a minimum of 4 sections per rat from 4 different STZ-diabetic rats.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 300, "image": "PMC2875709_F0001_64775.jpg", "report": "En bloc procurement of kidneys with aorta and vena cava. Note the laceration on ventral surface of right kidney", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 301, "image": "PMC2257935_F4_18332.jpg", "report": "Disruption of redA impairs development at mound stage. (A) Exponentially growing AX4 wild type cells and the mutants redA- and redA-KO were starved on filter pads and photographed at the indicated times (h) after starvation. (B) AX4 fruiting bodies and redA- yellow mounds after 48 hours starvation on filter pads are shown at lower (left) and at 5× higher magnification (right).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 302, "image": "PMC2584955_fig5_30365.jpg", "report": "The effect of direct association of Cav-1 with integrin β1 on integrin β1-mediated survival. Immunofluorescence staining of integrin β1 (the first column), Cav-1 (middle column), and the merged images (the right column) of EV and CavS cells under attached (top) or suspended condition (bottom). Image was taken with confocal microscopy (magnification × 630).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 303, "image": "PMC3025920_pone-0016081-g001_85344.jpg", "report": "The change of liver fibrosis in mouse model.A. Representative H&E-stained, Azan-stained, Ag-stained, and EVG-stained histological sections of liver from mice receiving olive oil alone or CCL4 in olive oil. Magnification is ×10. B. The expression level of mmu-miRNA in mouse liver with olive oil or CCL4 at 4W, 6W, and 8W respectively, by microarray analysis.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 304, "image": "PMC2045666_F2_14542.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy observations of MYXV BT infected cells. A. Numerous virions are still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 h p.i.. B. Large cytoplasmic area without organite containing dense particles (5 h p.i.). C. Atypical Immature Virion (IV) (12 h p.i.). D. Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) (12 h p.i.). Microscope: Hitachi UI12A, Magnifications, A: 35000; B: 15000; C and D: 90000.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 305, "image": "PMC2860417_F0002_62985.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance which shows neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, cytologic atypia, and hyperchromatic nuclei suggestive of mesothelioma (H and E stain; ×40)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 306, "image": "PMC1920558_pone-0000652-g007_12269.jpg", "report": "T40/IDE digestion products form amyloid protofibrils.Electron micrographs of negatively stained T40/IDE total digest showing spherical (A) annular (B, I–II) and beaded (C, III) protofibrils. The bar represents 10 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 307, "image": "PMC2396177_F2_23303.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for macrophages (CD68) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD5, CD4, and CD8) in lung tissue biopsy. (a) Lung tissue with well-formed granulomas, hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200× magnification. (b) Anti-CD68 (brown) and anti-CD5 (red) immunostaining, 400× magnification. (c) Anti-CD68 (brown) and anti-CD4 (red) immunostaining, 200× magnification. (d) Anti-CD68 (brown) and anti-CD8 (red) immunostaining, 40× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 308, "image": "PMC2596090_F1_30924.jpg", "report": "A cytology slide of the neoplasm of one of the patients. Note the numerous population of discrete round cells. (Diff Quick staining; magnification 100 ×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 309, "image": "PMC1914066_ppat-0030097-g006_12202.jpg", "report": "In Vivo Expression of Loa22 in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai(A) Liver, (B) kidney. Histopathologic sections were stained by immunochemistry using Loa22 antiserum (×1,000). Intact organisms were found in biliary ducts (A) and in large number in Bowman's spaces and proximal tubules (B). Scale bar = 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 310, "image": "PMC2267690_f3_19022.jpg", "report": "Histologic findings of the human corneal endothelial cell sheet. A and B: A cell sheet consists of a monolayer of cells that have consistent size. The scale bar in A is equal to 200 μm and in B is equal to 50 μm. C: Electron microscopic observation demonstrated desmosomes between cells (arrow). Bar=200 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 311, "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 312, "image": "PMC2129115_pone-0001334-g003_15303.jpg", "report": "\nCebpd mRNA expression is localized to theca and interstitial cells.Dark-field photomicrographs of in situ hybridization analyses using Cebpd-specific sense and antisense RNA probes on sections from ovaries of 6 week-old mice treated for 2 days with PMSG followed by hCG for the indicated times. Outlined regions in the center panels are shown at higher magnification on the right.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 313, "image": "PMC2803924_F3_54276.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. A: cut surface of the heart. The heart weighed 780 g and showed numerous metastatic nodules and diffuse myocardial thickening, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. B: metastatic tumor cells invaded the myocardium with stromal edema (HE). C: immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 demonstrated severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 314, "image": "PMC2860402_F0001_62978.jpg", "report": "Cytologic examination of the bronchial wash showing a S stercoralis worm in a background containing some cellular debris (Papanicolaou stain ×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 315, "image": "PMC2936339_F3_73110.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue on sirius red staining (top), inflammatory foci on H&E staining (middle) and macrophages on F4/80 immunohistochemistry (bottom).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 316, "image": "PMC2082377_F1_14966.jpg", "report": "Caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer samples. A: Breast cancer sample without expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component. In contrast, expression of Caveolin-1 can be seen in myoepithelial cells as well as endothelial cells of entrapped vessels, serving as internal positive control (100× magnification). B: Breast cancer sample with strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component (400× magnification)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 317, "image": "PMC2694596_F1_39815.jpg", "report": "VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence staining in LHβTag transgenic retinoblastoma. Representative eyes from LHβTag mice at 4 (A), 10 (B), and 16 (C,D) weeks are shown. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity is green and DAPI counterstaining is blue. GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear; ONL, Outer nuclear layer. Magnification (A) 200 X, (B) 100 X, (C) 200 X. (D) zoomed image from inset of C.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 318, "image": "PMC2942852_F3_74138.jpg", "report": "Expression of Bmi-1 protein in tissue by immunohistochemistry. A and B, only weak staining of Bmi-1 was detected in few normal esophageal epithelial tissue (arrow, normal epithelial cells). C and D, positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues (200× and 400× of magnification, respectively). E and F, representative case of higher expression of Bmi-1 in invasive front (arrow, 200× and 400× magnification, respectively). Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in nuclei of tumor cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 319, "image": "PMC2924387_pone-0012269-g003_71722.jpg", "report": "The GFP arising from vd-5′UTR/GFP transcripts accumulate specifically in chloroplasts.Confocal microscope observation of the N. benthamiana leaves expressing unmodified GFP (left panels), vd-5′UTR-GFP (central panels) or OE23/GFP (right panels). As observed, the vd-5′UTR/GFP mimics the cellular localization of the OE23/GFP construct that accumulates specifically in chloroplasts.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 320, "image": "PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51147.jpg", "report": "Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 321, "image": "PMC2822323_F0003_56777.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing tumor cells in sheets and glandular arrangement with hyperchromatic nuclei (Haematoxylin and eosin, X 40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 322, "image": "PMC2259349_F4_18465.jpg", "report": "Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 323, "image": "PMC3042329_fig5_87692.jpg", "report": "Stray light observed in the lens-coupled detector. A rectangular beam that was beyond the saturation level of the CCD camera was recorded to observe reflections and scatterings in the lens system. The dashed circle indicates a ‘ghost’ of the strong beam. This image is shown on a logarithmic scale.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 324, "image": "PMC2925355_F1_71920.jpg", "report": "A bone marrow biopsy showing the absence of hematopoietic tissue and its replacement with fat. Hematoxylin & eosin staining. 20× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 325, "image": "PMC2861004_pone-0010397-g003_63055.jpg", "report": "Visualization of neuronal axons in the infact area and in the contralateral hemisphere.Neuronal axons were visualized with antibodies against neurofilament proteins on sections from wild-type (A-D) and GFAP−/−Vim−/− (E-H) mice at P12, i.e. 3 days after hypoxia-ischemia. The frames indicate respective fields for higher magnification. Scale bar for A, C, E, G = 500 µm; for B, D, F, H = 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 326, "image": "PMC2569205_pone-0003562-g002_29028.jpg", "report": "GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing.A, RT-PCR for GFP at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week time points of flushed small intestine of pups foster-nursed by GFPtg dams. The negative control used was small intestine from a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse and the positive control used was small intestine from a GFPtg mouse. B–E, sections of small intestine at weeks 1–4, respectively. Staining of GFP+ cells was enhanced with an anti-GFP antibody.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 327, "image": "PMC2117009_F4_15167.jpg", "report": "Immunoelectron microscopy for identification of BaMV CP and FMDV VP1 on the surface of virus particles. Leaf dips from C. quinoa infected with pBVP1 (A, B) or pBaMV-S (C) were obtained 10 days post-inoculation. Grids were first incubated with leaf extract and coated with diluted anti-BaMV CP serum (A) or anti-FMDV VP1 serum (B, C) followed by gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG complexes. Grids were inspected in a Philips CM100 electron microscope. All bars represent 250 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 328, "image": "PMC2864752_pone-0010420-g004_63443.jpg", "report": "Full-size (53-cm long) adult specimen of Notogoneus osculus Cope, about 13% longer than the tracemaker interpreted for the trace fossil FOBU-12718; scale in centimeters.Specimen is in Fossil Butte National Monument collection; photograph by Arvid Aase.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 329, "image": "PMC2612653_F3_31890.jpg", "report": "Lymph node biopsy demonstrates widespread infiltration by plasma cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 330, "image": "PMC3076249_F1_92303.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographs of liver biopsy, with hematoxylin/eosin (A, B, C) and reticulin stain (D), revealing a pattern of mild steatosis, moderate inflammatory changes and moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak score = 5-6).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 331, "image": "PMC1448204_F1_5195.jpg", "report": "Changes in morphology during hormonal treatments at days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30: Dex-induced changes in architecture were evident as early as d5 and persisted to d30. RA-induced changes were also evident at d5, continued to d15, but had reversed at d30. Concomitant Dex and RA administration resulted in septation similar to that of controls between d10 and d15 with continued normal appearance at d30. Dex: Dexamethasone. RA: all-trans-retinoic acid, (all images 40× magnification)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 332, "image": "PMC2670261_F4_37442.jpg", "report": "Localization of ALP107-273 in living cells. Fluorescence micrograph of a U2OS cell expressing α-actinin-CFP (A and red in C) and YFP-ALP107-273 (B and green in C). A higher magnification view of a region containing stress fibres is displayed in the bottom three panels (D, E, F). Bar 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 333, "image": "PMC539305_F1_922.jpg", "report": "Isolation of an alveolar septum by laser-assisted microdissection and manipulation from a hemalaun stained frozen lung section (magnification 200×). A) Alveolar septum is selected for isolation. B) Laser photolysis is used to disconnect the cells from adjacent ones. C) Septum cells adhere tightly to the approximated sterile needle and can be transferred into a reaction tube.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 334, "image": "PMC2778525_fig1_51044.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor in core needle biopsy and surgery specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (A) Staining of tumour cells in core-needle biopsy sample (CNB) staining positively for oestrogen receptor (ER). (B) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (C) Staining of tumour cells in CNB specimens with ER-negative status. (D) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-positive status after NAC.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 335, "image": "PMC2994931_pone-0014123-g004_80160.jpg", "report": "Visualization of calcium flux using fluorescent microscopy.(A) Fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment showing non-fluorescent astrocytes when the cells were incubating in HBSS containing 50 mM glycine. Fluorescent image taken 5 seconds (B) and 10 seconds (C) after stimulation with 1 µM trans-ACBD showing fluorescent astrocytes following treatment with a selective NMDAR agonist.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 336, "image": "PMC2335109_F4_20804.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. parasanguinis bacteria. S. parasanguinis bacteria, L64R (A), P65R (B), I66N (C), L67T (D) mutant variants and wild type FW213 (E) were placed on grids, and negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid pH7.0 and visualized by electron microscopy. White arrows point to the short fimbriae. Black arrows point to the long fimbriae. Scale bar = 100 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 337, "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 338, "image": "PMC2798714_fig1_53513.jpg", "report": "FaDu cells immunostained for eIF4E showing cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Cells were stained using eIF4E mAb conjugated directly to FITC (green) and nuclear marker DAPI (blue) as described [37, 47]. Micrographs were collected on laser scanning confocal microscope using 100X objective and 2x digital zoom.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 339, "image": "PMC2787487_F3_52266.jpg", "report": "Partially parallel or plexiform arranged spindelcells with slim and elongated nucleus without cytological sings of malignity (HE-staining; original magnification: 100×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 340, "image": "PMC2952312_fig2_75542.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p. o.) in mice and its prevention by BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and Omez (3.0 mg/kg). The section of mice stomachs were dissected 4 h after the last dose of the respective test samples on the 3rd day of ulceration. Black arrows indicate mucosal damage.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 341, "image": "PMC2781011_F4_51634.jpg", "report": "Morphological patterns of boar sperm membrane lysis after incubation with the indicated detergents for 30 min at 4°C. Sperm samples were observed by light microscopy (A, phase contrast, magnification of 500) as well as by transmission electron microscopy (B, C). For further details see the Materials and Methods section. Each bar represents 200 nm. The quantitative evaluation of the microscopic investigations is given in Tab. 2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 342, "image": "PMC2902752_fig3_68648.jpg", "report": "Time-dependent effects of infection of MTH52c with GLV-1h68 at an MOI of 1.0. (BF) Transmitted light view of virus-infected MTH52c cells; (GFP) expression of GFP in infected cells detected by direct fluorescence; (PI) propidium iodide staining of dead cells; (Merged) colocalization of GFP with the dead cells is shown in the merged imaged. All pictures in this set were taken at the same magnification. Scale bars represent 0.1 mm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 343, "image": "PMC2744704_F1_46076.jpg", "report": "Histology of baseline (A, C, E) and endocrine-treated (B, D, F) DCIS from patient H-20 (magnification: 100×). A, B: H&E stain of baseline (A) and treated (B) samples. The treated DCIS is less distended and demonstrates increased periductal sclerosis and inflammation compared to baseline. C, D: Ki67; reduction in Ki-67 after treatment compared to baseline; E, F: CD68 (inset: 400×); increased CD68-positive macrophages after treatment compared to baseline.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 344, "image": "PMC2779192_F2_51201.jpg", "report": "PGRN is localized within motor neurons of the mouse lumbar spinal cord. PGRN is localized within motor neurons of the mouse spinal cord. Labelling of paraffin-fixed cross-sections of murine spinal cord with SMI32 marker against hypo-phosphorylated neurofilaments (left panel), which is a marker for motor neurons, and anti-PGRN (middle panel). Merged channels are shown in the right panel. (a) at original magnification (40×), (b) at magnification (63×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 345, "image": "PMC3017074_F2_83319.jpg", "report": "Trophoblastic islands in the myometrium (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification × 40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 346, "image": "PMC3058109_F5_90290.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reaction for macrophages in the liver of mice inoculated with E. histolytica or E. dispar treated and untreated with dexamethasone. Scarcity of immunoreactive macrophages (arrowheads) adjacent to the debris-rich hepatic necrosis (N) in the groups EGG-DEX (b) and MCR-DEX (d) compared to groups EGG (a) and MCR (c). Non-necrotic hepatic parenchyma (H). Bar 50 μm. Harris's haematoxylin counterstained.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 347, "image": "PMC1274344_F1_3725.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 348, "image": "PMC2374696_F6_22029.jpg", "report": "Microvesicles budding from the flagellar pocket and plasma membrane of leishmania. Stationary phase leishmania promastigotes were fixed and coated for scanning electron microscopy as described in Materials and methods. (a) A leishmania promastigote, (b) 10× magnification of the exposed flagellar pocket region of panel a (square) after stage rotation, and (c) a promastigote in the process of differentiating into an amastigote. Arrowheads point to microvesicles.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 349, "image": "PMC2582510_f10-co15-5-225e62_30034.jpg", "report": "Manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and corresponding digital photograph. Red and green contours on the photograph represent specimen edge and naked-eye gross tumour respectively. This superposition illustrates that some mismatch remains, which could be the result of changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 350, "image": "PMC1277860_f8-ehp0113-000170_3785.jpg", "report": "SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-free medium to suspension of C/Fe particulates. Note no tendency to agglomerate. Bar = 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 351, "image": "PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27116.jpg", "report": "Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 352, "image": "PMC2375898_F2_22382.jpg", "report": "Transmission and fluorescence microscopy images of ALN frozen sections. Nude mice were injected with 20 pmol of QDs or PBS (control) in the distal part of the right anterior paw. Panels A, B: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN control; Panels C, D: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN 5 min after QDs injection (40 × enlargement). ALN: Axillary Lymph Node; QDs: Quantum Dots.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 353, "image": "PMC2833257_fig2_58580.jpg", "report": "(A) Example of immunostaining for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in prostate benign pathology. Magnification: × 200. (B) Example of immunostaining for MMP-14 in prostate carcinoma. Magnification: × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 354, "image": "PMC2245911_F3_17709.jpg", "report": "Prominent restrictive vascular changes (H&E, original magnifications ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 355, "image": "PMC2853493_F3_61792.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of PB and BV VLPs. A: PB VLPs, scale bar 500 nm. B: BV VLPs, same scale. Arrows show contamination by co-purified recombinant baculovirus in the BV sample. Insets: individual particles with diameter shown. PB VLP: 139 nm; BV VLP: 129 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 356, "image": "PMC3011911_f05_82561.jpg", "report": "Leaf litter of rubber plantation during the leaf sprouting and flowering phase, a) Lower leaf litter layers with late stages of Vth instar larvae, larval exuviate and pupae, b) & c) Luprops trisits fed light green leaves and untouched dark green leaves in leaf litter and d) leaf litter with fallen flowers.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 357, "image": "PMC2843720_pone-0009809-g002_60115.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of negatively stained AP205-Ang II VLPs.AP205 VLPs displaying the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus (AP441 – short linker, AP442 – long linker), or the N-terminus (AP446 – short linker, AP447 – long linker) of AP205 coat protein.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 358, "image": "PMC1895600_fig2_11747.jpg", "report": "Immunoreactivity of COX-1 at E18. IHC demonstrating a) strong immunoreactivity in the syncytiotrophoblast and some cytotrophoblast cells of the LZ; and b) the GCs (arrowed) in the JZ. The spongiotrophoblast cells (S) are notably weakly stained. Fluorescent double-labelling for COX-1 and HNE showed strong co-localisation in the trophoblast of the LZ (c); and a band of GCs in the JZ (d). Note autofluorescence (*) in maternal erythrocytes in the blood spaces. Blue, DAPI. Scale bars: 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 359, "image": "PMC2857828_F3_62531.jpg", "report": "Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 360, "image": "PMC3018382_F6_83675.jpg", "report": "HE staining of the control (non-HBO, non-fibrin) group show irregular fibrous repair (R). At 12 weeks, original magnification × 25.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 361, "image": "PMC2678864_F0006_38089.jpg", "report": "The histopathology and β-catenin-immunohistochemistry findings of BCAC from mouse (a and b) and human (c and d) colon specimens. BCAC (circled) can be detected on hematoxylin and eosin stain-stained sections (a and c) based on the intensive basophilic nuclei of atypical cells and a few goblet cells in the lesion. β-catenin-immunohistochemistry shows intensive reactivity in the nuclei and/or cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC (b and d)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 362, "image": "PMC1373622_F4_4572.jpg", "report": "CT26 cell morphology during the course of FasL analysis. Cell lines were seeded at ~2 × 105 cells/ml in 6 well plates to achieve 20% confluency 18 hours later. This point was defined as 0 hr. After 72 hrs, cells had reached ~80–90% confluency.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 363, "image": "PMC2743194_ppat-1000589-g004_45917.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of kDNA networks from TbPIF5 overexpression cells.(A) and (B), kDNA isolated from wild-type cells. (C–E), kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells six days after induction. Arrow, maxicircle loops. Bar, 500 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 364, "image": "PMC2366065_pone-0002167-g002_21813.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 45S rDNA as the probe shows that 45S rDNAs (green) are the sites of chromosome lesions in meristematic cells of root tips in diploid Lolium perenne cv. Player.The number of lesion sites varys in different cells from 0 to 6 due to the existence of multiple 45S rDNA sites. The left panel A1–G1: black layers and the right panel A2–G2: color images by merging red layers and green layers. Arrows indicate lesion sites. Bar = 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 365, "image": "PMC2726283_fig5_43383.jpg", "report": "FSB labels filamentous tau inclusions in vivo. Five month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of 0.1% FSB. One hour (A), 2 h (B) and 4 h (C) after the injection the mice were perfused, the spinal cord sectioned and analysed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 150 μm. (D), Motor neurons labelled following the intravenous injection of FSB were also immunoreactive with anti-tau antibody AT8. Scale bar, 60 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 366, "image": "PMC2940843_pone-0012760-g004_73831.jpg", "report": "Histologic examination of liver and spleen sections from TCRV-infected AG129 mice.Representative A) liver and B) spleen histopathology on day 8 of TCRV infection in AG129 mice. C) Liver and D) spleen tissue from healthy sham-infected mice. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 367, "image": "PMC2409904_fig2_23833.jpg", "report": "(A–C) Gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype. (A) Histological features (H&E, original magnification × 400). (B) Human gastric mucin is expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (45M1, original magnification × 400). (C) MUC6 glycoprotein is also expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (CLH5, original magnification × 400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 368, "image": "PMC2850933_f3_61395.jpg", "report": "The morphology and cell size of HCECs cultured in the CEM group and the 25%ESC-CM group. The 25%ESC-CM group maintained the morphology and cell size of HCECs until passage (P6).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 369, "image": "PMC2820092_pone-0009160-g004_56494.jpg", "report": "Pathological signs of HEV infection in hematoxylin and eosin stained liver sections.(A & B) Liver sections from a group 2GDC54-18 rabbit showing localized extensive hepatocellular necrosis (magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). (C) Liver section from a group RH4 rabbit showing irregularly distributed multifocal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates (20×). (D) Liver section from a control rabbit showing no visible pathological signs of HEV infection (20×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 370, "image": "PMC2876065_F4_64837.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 371, "image": "PMC2474615_F7_25519.jpg", "report": "Three-dimensional models of three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome. Top row shows the solid ribbon models. Segments are color coded as in Figure 1. Middle and bottom (180° rotation) rows show the electrostatic potential of both the surface. The positively and negatively charged residues are shown in blue and red colors, respectively, and the hydrophobic residues are shown in white color.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 372, "image": "PMC2856673_pone-0010123-g001_62414.jpg", "report": "FN and LMN induce changes in DC morphology.\nA, SEM images of ECM-treated DC taken after 48 h of culture over FN or LMN-coated coverslips. Different magnifications were used to better visualize the whole cell morphology. B, Cell perimeter measurements based on light microscopy images. Results represent average values of at least 50 cells in each condition plus standard deviations.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 373, "image": "PMC3045344_F3_88204.jpg", "report": "Histopathological observation of the lungs of virus-inoculated mice. On day 8 after infection, the lungs were removed from the mice under anesthesia and subjected to histopathological examination. Lung section of the mouse co-inoculated with mannan is also shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 374, "image": "PMC2741108_fig5_45787.jpg", "report": "Analysis of cytoskeletal reorganisation by confocal microscopy on PANC-1 PC cells after 48 h exposure to ZOL (15 μM). The figure shows actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings. The cells were examined under a confocal microscope at a magnification of × 100. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 375, "image": "PMC2912265_F1_70173.jpg", "report": "Sections of colorectal adenocarcinoma with results of the immunostaining: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Foxp3 (magnification × 100). The CD56- section (magnification X40) reveals no CD56 positive immune cells (considered as NK negative tumor) but staining of Meisner plexus used as interne positive control.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 376, "image": "PMC2395280_fig9_23263.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy taken 3 days after the administration of MDX-H210 (patient #21) was stained for macrophages and PMN. Macrophages (arrow) were stained with a CD68 antibody, and PMN (arrow) with chloroacetate esterase. A skin biopsy from the same patient taken before the start of treatment showed no relevant infiltration with macrophages and PMN.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 377, "image": "PMC2953520_pone-0013334-g013_75677.jpg", "report": "SEM and EDS results of ceratopsian specimen BMR P2006.4.1.A) SEM image at 650× magnification of pliable ceratopsian vessels. B) SEM image at 4,500× magnification of framboids identified in pliable ceratopsian vessels. C) EDS signature of framboids, rich in iron.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 378, "image": "PMC2667431_F4_37095.jpg", "report": "Morphological observation with May-Grunwald-Giemsa's staining at actual magnification 100×. HepG2 cells were treated for 24 (A), 48 (C) and 72 (E) hours with 12.5 μg mL-1 of P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract while untreated HepG2 cells were grow in complete medium for 24 (B), 48 (D) and 72 (F) hours. The white arrows indicated apoptotic bodies. The figures shown are representative of three independent experiments (n = 3).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 379, "image": "PMC2731857_pone-0006916-g003_44299.jpg", "report": "Neurofilament whole-mount immunohistochemistry of the skin from heads of mouse embryos.Shown are sagittal views of the heads of wild-type (wt, A, C) and palladin-deficient embryos (ko, B, D) at age E13.5. Arrows indicate immunoreactive axons (magnification, 20×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 380, "image": "PMC2238754_F5_17502.jpg", "report": "VP1 detection in type II cells. The cells were double-stained for VP1 and Pro-SP C as described in Materials and Methods. An SO lung is shown at the top row and ARDS lung in the bottom row. VP1 was detected by Cyte5 (red fluorescence, left panels) and Pro-SP C by FITC (green fluorescence, middle panels). The upper and lower right images show co-localization of both stainings inside alveolar type II cells (yellow). Shown at ×100 magnification", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 381, "image": "PMC3052562_f4_89573.jpg", "report": "Effect of siRNA depletion of cellular mRNA export factors on viral mRNA localization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against the labelled proteins, infected with virus and positive-sense transcripts from the indicated segments detected by FISH followed by confocal microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 382, "image": "PMC2895880_F0001_68036.jpg", "report": "Metaplastic cells with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderately hyperchromatic chromatin that on biopsy showed CIN1 (Conventional smear, Papanicolaou stain × 600).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 383, "image": "PMC2797328_pone-0008532-g003_53218.jpg", "report": "Avicin D induces clustering of Fas in lipid rafts.Jurkat cells were treated with 2 µg/ml of avicin D for 0–8 h. After the treatment, the cells were fixed and stained with FITC-CTxB subunits to identify lipid rafts (green fluorescence) and with anti-Fas antibodies to identify Fas (red fluorescence). Area of colocalization between membrane rafts and Fas in the merge panels is yellow.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 384, "image": "PMC1524950_F8_6311.jpg", "report": "Quadruple-labelling (accumulation of fluorescent tracer plus triple-labelling immunohistochemistry) of DRG neurons after DiI injection into the pleural cavity, showing A) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68-, B) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68+, C) ASIC3+/TRPV1+/NF68-, and D) ASIC3-/TRPV1+/NF68+ patterns of immunoreactivity. Bar represents 50 μm throughout.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 385, "image": "PMC2556647_F2_28247.jpg", "report": "A. Mucinous adenocarcinoma B. IHC results. Diffuse CK20 positivity and CK 7 negativity (not shown), reinforcing a metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. C. Metastatic 'signet-ring' cell adenocarcinoma from colorectum. Infiltrating 'signet-ring' cells in a desmoplastic stroma. Inset, showing discrete mucicarmine positivity, highlighting intracytoplasmic mucin in the tumor cells. D. CK20 positivity in the signet-ring cells. E. Diffuse CEA expression. CK 7 was negative (not shown).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 386, "image": "PMC2265554_pone-0001828-g005_18682.jpg", "report": "Lung metastases' macroscopic analysis.At 45 days after tumor cells injection, the animals injected with K5L and K5L-Luc cells were sacrificed. Macroscopic surface metastases were observed in all lungs (A). The lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells were removed and stained with India ink (B).Using IVIS we analyzed lungs of animals injected with K5L-Luc cells (C). When the isolated lungs were exposed to X-ray, the latter highlighted calcified metastasis (D, yellow arrow).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 387, "image": "PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26216.jpg", "report": "Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 388, "image": "PMC3024261_ppat-1001261-g003_84909.jpg", "report": "Appressorium formation assays with intact rice leaves.\nA. Rice leaves inoculated with conidia from strains Ku80, M6 (Momsb2), and MS88 (Mosho1 Momsb2). Melanized appressoria were observed 24 hpi. B. Appressoria formed by the same set of strains on rice leaf surface examined under SEM. The mutants produced appressoria at the tip of long germ tubes. Bar = 10 µm. Arrows marked appressoria.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 389, "image": "PMC2586027_F6_30505.jpg", "report": "Disruption of tight junctions by recombinant toxins. HCT-8 cells on transwells were cultured untill the formation of tight junctions. The polarized monolayers were untreated (A) or treated with 300 ng/ml of rTcdA for 2 hr (B), 4 hr (C), and 6 hr (D); or with rTcdB 300 ng/ml for 2 hr (E), and 4 hr (F). Cells on the transwell membrane were fixed and stained with anti-oocludin and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies, and then visualized under a confocal microscope.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 390, "image": "PMC3019156_F5_84006.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of cells in large scale culture at various phases, and purified magnetosomes. a, b, c, d,: 1-2 hr, 3-4 hr, 15-16 hr, and 24 hr, respectively, after DO became undetectable. e: purified magnetosomes. For each sample more than 20 micrographs were got and one representative image was selected.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 391, "image": "PMC2850546_fig3_61373.jpg", "report": "High magnification demonstrating characteristic cribriform pattern in which multiple cysts are embedded in an island of basaloid cells. Three representative cysts are shown by arrows (Fresh frozen tissue, H & E, original magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 392, "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 393, "image": "PMC3042371_F4_87714.jpg", "report": "Histological and immunohistochemical profile of PECs. Tumor cells showed marked coagulative necrosis (Hematoxylin-Eosin, x40) (a). In PECs, SMA had a focally cytoplasmic positivity (x40)(b). Nuclear MIB-1 reactivity was documented in PECs (x200)(c). We observed a strong and diffuse membrane reactivity for CD31 in tumor cells (x40)(d). The tumor was negative for all other markers mentioned, including S-100, CKAE1/AE3, CK5, CD30.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 394, "image": "PMC2938369_pone-0012105-g002_73407.jpg", "report": "Histological examination of the thymus from Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ\n+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice.H&E staining of paraffin-embedded thymic sections from 13 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, 15 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice. The bottom panels show a higher magnification image of the framed area in the top panels. Cor, cortex; Med, medulla. Arrows indicate vacuolated cells. Scale bars, top panel, 100 µm; bottom panel, 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 395, "image": "PMC3035259_f1_86562.jpg", "report": "Unique colony morphology (Left) and scanning (Center) and transmission (Right) electron micrographs of E. medicae strain WSM419.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 396, "image": "PMC2170440_F4_15744.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of infected cells. A. K6 cell infected with HHV-6 (arrows) with margination of the chromatin in the nucleus and extensive vascularization. B. K2 cell showing HIV-1 particles (arrows). It is unclear whether the particles are outside the cell or in a vacuole inside the cell. C. K5 cell showing partial HCV particles inside a vacuole (arrow). D. K6 cell showing HCV particles (arrows). E. Inset showing HCV from Figure 4D.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 397, "image": "PMC2565272_fig15_28658.jpg", "report": "Histopathological photo of lung from a group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component (40 × magnification). An increased number of macrophages are observed with sometimes two or three per alveolus.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 398, "image": "PMC2039726_F6_14234.jpg", "report": "Expression of xCT mRNA in spleen of the mice injected with a lethal dose of LPS by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline (A, B) or 160 mg/kg (C, D), and the spleen was isolated after 8 h. Adjacent sections were hybridized with DIG-labeled antisense (A, C) or sense (B, D) probes for xCT. Magnifications: ×50.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 399, "image": "PMC2893050_f3_67620.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4. Immunoreactivity for CXCR4 was observed in vascular endothelial cells (A: original magnification 100×) and stromal cells (B: original magnification 40×). Double immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 (red) and c-kit (blue). Cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit were observed in the vascular endothelium (arrows) and in close association with blood vessels (arrowheads). C: original magnification 100×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 400, "image": "PMC2875657_F2_64763.jpg", "report": "CCL2 is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were cultured for 24 hours in the absence (a, c) or presence (b) of 50 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cells were subjected to immunostaining with anti-CCL2 antibodies (a, b) or incubated with the second antibody only as a negative control (c), and then analyzed with confocal microscopy, as described in Materials and Methods. Original magnification, ×1,000.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 401, "image": "PMC2440388_F2_24747.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing parts of two cysticerci with intervening lymphoid tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 2× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 402, "image": "PMC2804601_F3_54563.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy images of A. baumannii SMAL biofilm-forming cells. Panel A: A. baumannii cells resuspended from biofilm 10,000× magnification. The bundle-like fibers embedding the bacterial cells are indicated by the arrow. Panel B: A. baumannii cells resuspended from biofilm and treated with 1 Unit cellulase for 30 minutes, 12,000× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 403, "image": "PMC2653634_pone-0004845-g005_35787.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of kidney tissue from virgin (left panel) and pregnant (right panel) rats.Representative LGR7 immunostaining (dark brown) in the cortex (A, 200× magnification), the cortex showing the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 in proximal tubules (B, 400× magnification), glomeruli (C, 400× magnification) and the negative control (D, omission of primary antibody, 200× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 404, "image": "PMC3040762_pone-0017193-g002_87530.jpg", "report": "The representative IHC nuclear CK2α staining corresponding to\nmean nuclear CK2α labeling index values for different\nparameters.Magnification: 400×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 405, "image": "PMC1402319_F2_4862.jpg", "report": "A higher magnification of the aspirate from same area as shown in Figure 1 shows small to intermediate sized mononuclear cells with moderate cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear borders, a stippled chromatin pattern and occasional single nucleoli. The cytoplasm is pale grey and granular with hair-like and short, blunt, cytoplasmic projections. (Stain: Diff Quik, Magnification: × 60).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 406, "image": "PMC1564042_F7_7129.jpg", "report": "Small basement membrane-like material may be present in adenoid basal lesions. (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 407, "image": "PMC3071789_F3_91912.jpg", "report": "Microscopic lesions. (A) Histopathological examination of diseased pigs showed cortical neuronal edema and increased peripheral space (H&E, 400×; bar = 100 μm). (B) Small glial cells surrounded neurons and exhibited neuronophagia and satellitosis (H&E, 400×; bar = 100 μm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 408, "image": "PMC2966419_pone-0013751-g001_77482.jpg", "report": "HA-TGF-β1(a) transgenic expression.\nPanel A\n. Representative genomic DNA PCR screen of transgenic litters demonstrating germline transmission. Panel B. RT-PCR for transgene message in the prostate gland. GAPDH amplification serves as an internal control. Panel D. IHC of transgene demonstrates focal expression in ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini. Panel C. Wildtype acini demonstrate no immunoreactivity to HA epitope. Images C and D were captured at ×200 magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 409, "image": "PMC2871138_f2-ijms-11-01792_64087.jpg", "report": "Photograph after 90 days of incubation of sample in fungal culture. The fungal growth (≥25%) indicates the biodegradability of the sample 41/Table 8: poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 410, "image": "PMC2766363_F1_48494.jpg", "report": "Reactive urothelium (A and B) (hematoxylin eosin, original magnifications × 40 (A), × 200 (B)). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in reactive urothelium to CK20 in 1/3 urothelium including umbrella cells (original magnifications × 40 (C), × 200 (D), × 400 (E)).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 411, "image": "PMC3080280_F5_92935.jpg", "report": "CD31 immunohistochemical stain. There are numerous small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 412, "image": "PMC2841668_F2_59731.jpg", "report": "3D SHG renderings (left panels) and H&E staining (right panels) of normal (top) and malignant ovarian biopsies (bottom). The field size for the 3D renderings was 170 microns and the histology cross sections were captured at 40×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 413, "image": "PMC2737765_F4_44856.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of skin biopsy (left popliteal area).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 414, "image": "PMC2633285_F6_33511.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of FANCC and PTCH1 (a-c) FANCC expression pattern (d-f) PTCH1 expression pattern. BC samples showing high (a and d) or moderate (b and e) or low (c and f) expression of FANCC and PTCH1 genes respectively. Arrow (→) indicates the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC. All magnifications are at 20×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 415, "image": "PMC2868877_F2_64020.jpg", "report": "Histology of pulmonary lesions. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used for the lung biopsy, original magnification, 400×. Arrow points to eosinophils with pink color; alveoli are infiltrated with inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils. There is no evidence of vasculitis or alveolar hemorrhage. There is some fibrous tissue in the periphery. Note that only distal airways are involved with sparing of proximal airways.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 416, "image": "PMC2823673_F3_57107.jpg", "report": "Histopathological changes in the lungs of virus challenged mice. Mouse lungs were collected for histopathological analysis 5 days after virus challenge. The figure indicates the representative images of histopathological damage from H&E-stained lungs of mice vaccinated with M2e-MAP plus adjuvant or adjuvant only (magnification, 100×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 417, "image": "PMC2774455_f3_50236.jpg", "report": "Presence of a \"peculiar\" electron-dense substance in the intraepithelial cysts of the corneal epithelium sampled from the proband. A: Electron micrograph of corneal epithelium depicting an intraepithelial cyst containing a \"peculiar\" electron-dense substance (asterisk) intermixed with small vacuoles and electron-dense filamentous material (original magnification 5,400x). B: Higher magnification of A. The cyst was bordered by numerous microvillous processes (arrowheads).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 418, "image": "PMC1559625_F1_6966.jpg", "report": "Hemophagocytosis in lymph nodes from a patient with HME (left) and RMSF (right) (H&E; original magnification 240×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 419, "image": "PMC1947996_F2_13009.jpg", "report": "Autoradiograms of the Southern blot analysis of the presence of Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA in the vas deferens (NW = not washed, W = washed to remove spermatozoa) and in spermatozoa removed from the cauda epididymis. The amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens was 2 μL. Exposure to film was 2 h for Rxfp1 and 1 h for Rxfp2 transcripts. Results are representative of 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 420, "image": "PMC1618402_F4_7521.jpg", "report": "Cytological examination of the labeled DNA distribution in MCF-7 cells. (a) Several minutes incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The main part of the label is localized to the cytoplasm. (b) 14-h incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The label is concentrated in the nucleus and is undetectable in the cytoplasm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 421, "image": "PMC3073898_F4_92157.jpg", "report": "Transient co-localization studies of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP in tobacco. UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP were transiently co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. All pictures were taken with the same magnification. The scale bar represents 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 422, "image": "PMC2228398_fig03_17177.jpg", "report": "Confocal (a, c) and SEM (b, d) pictures of the biofilm growing on anodes of fuel cells inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Fuel cells were fed with FW medium supplemented with lactate and (a, b) amino acids; (c, d) yeast extract. Anodes for CLSM examination were directly stained with the BacLight Live/Dead kit (Korber et al., 1996). Live cells appear green and dead cells red.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 423, "image": "PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42394.jpg", "report": "Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 424, "image": "PMC1941843_F7_12842.jpg", "report": "Visualization of interaction between DNA and cell membrane. Visualization of interaction between DNA and cell membrane after single polarity electric field protocol (a) and both polarities electric field protocol (b). Photos of phase contrast (1) and fluorescence (2) images were taken under inverted fluorescence microscope. Symbols on the right represent electric field protocol used.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 425, "image": "PMC3000094_f6-ijms-11-04465_80727.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) Saline control (SAL + aCSF); (B) mildronate at 50 mg/kg (M50 + aCSF); (C) 6-OHDA (SAL + 6-OHDA); (D) M50 + 6-OHDA; Arrows indicate cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the 6-OHDA group.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 426, "image": "PMC3014972_F3_83037.jpg", "report": "PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 427, "image": "PMC2653470_F2_35660.jpg", "report": "Atherosclerotic plaque in aortic sinus sections. Both sections are stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and presented at 40× magnification. A) Control group with mild to moderate plaque is present at the base of the valves. B) A-002 group with minimal plaque is present at the base of the valves. The dark arrows demonstrate the foam cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 428, "image": "PMC2862504_F0004_63305.jpg", "report": "Representative immunhistochemistry staining of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, SOX9 and β-catenin of normal colonic mucosa (left side) and adenoma (right side) in mice subjected to the DSS-AOM (Dextran Sulfate Sodium - Azoxymethane) model of carcinogenesis without treatment (control group) (x200 magnification)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 429, "image": "PMC2409764_fig1_23781.jpg", "report": "Pimonidazole staining photographs (made with Carl Zeiss KS100 Software). (A) Peripheral view. (B) Central view. Both slices are shown on a magnification × 25. Scale bar is 40 μm. Abbreviations: N=necrosis, V=viable, well-oxygenated tumour tissue, P=PIMO-positive staining and the arrow indicates a blood vessel.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 430, "image": "PMC1592110_F4_7377.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical stainings of gliomas. Glioma cell proliferation was assessed by immunostaining for Ki67 positive glioma cell nuclei (arrows) in rats implanted with gliomas (a) and in rats co-injected with apyrase (b). The sections were immunostained for VEGF, in rats implanted with gliomas (c) and in rats co-injected with apyrase (d). Scale bars = 20 μm (a,b); 100 μm (c,d).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 431, "image": "PMC2816359_fig03_56136.jpg", "report": "RNase A·5′-ATP complex (mol A). Shown in stereo are ball-and-stick representations of the inhibitor and RNase A residues in and around the binding site, along with a surface representation of the enzyme. Main chain N, C, and O atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 are omitted for clarity. The coloring scheme is: nucleotide carbon, gold; protein carbon, gray; nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; phosphorus, pink. Spheres denote water molecules and dashed lines denote hydrogen bonds.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 432, "image": "PMC2613076_f2_31906.jpg", "report": "Trichostatin A suppressed the myofibroblastic differentiation of mouse corneal stromal cells induced by TGFβ1. Corneal fibroblasts treated with 1 ng/ml TGFβ1 for 4–5 days exhibited enhanced staining with FITC-conjugated phalloidin (A), α-SMA (B), and collagen I (C). However, the keratocytes treated with TGFβ1 in the presence of 400 nM TSA remained small with dendritic-like morphology and weak or only minimal staining of phalloidin (D), α-SMA (E), and collagen I (F). Bar, 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 433, "image": "PMC2868780_F3_63880.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of positive control (G1) tissue using antibody against COX-2. Immunoreactivity was present throughout the epithelial cells (100× magnification) (1). Immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue using antibody against COX-2 showing weaker staining compared to G1 (100× magnification) (2). Immunohistochemical staining of negative control (G5) tissue using antibody against COX-2 (100× magnification)(3).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 434, "image": "PMC2989747_fig5_79350.jpg", "report": "Acute erosion, with late organization, Movat pentachrome. (a) Low magnification of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The underlying plaque is rich in smooth muscle cells, without significant lipid and no core formation (b) A higher magnification of the nonocclusive eroded thrombus. (c) Multiple layers of fibrin are present in the smooth muscle cell rich cap.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 435, "image": "PMC2361490_fig1_21459.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of carcinogenesis factors in SCCO: (A) p53 intense nuclear staining, HESx100, (B) EGFR intense membranous staining, HES × 200, (C) VEGF expression: cytoplasmic staining, more intense in cancer cells (♣) than in smooth muscle cells (▴), HES × 200; (D) HER-2 complete and strong membranous staining, scored ‘3+’, HES × 400; (E) CD117 focal cytoplasmic staining, HES × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 436, "image": "PMC2292678_F3_20067.jpg", "report": "Two sections (A, B) of the nodule. The GS staining allows the distinction between non-nodular tissue and the nodule. The broken line delineates the frontier. Figures 9, 20–25 are from section A. The upper figure is from non-nodular tissue and the lower figure is from the nodular area. Figures 4-6 are from section B (blue rectangle). Figures 7, 8, 10-19 are from the same section (yellow rectangle). The upper and lower microphotographs illustrate the same area (serial sections).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 437, "image": "PMC2375978_fig4_22390.jpg", "report": "(a) Light and fluorescent micrographs of an islet, (b) the same islet labeled with\nAL3-FITC, (c) and the two images superimposed. (d) A hematoxylin and eosin stained\nsection from an NOD mouse (e) and normal CBA/J pancreatic sections (e; 10× magnification).\nNote the presence of islets in the normal pancreas (arrows) and none in the\ndiabetic.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 438, "image": "PMC1318477_pbio-0040029-g002_4211.jpg", "report": "Dendritic Arbors of Pyramidal Neurons Are Stable(A) MZPs near the cell body of the pyramidal cell “dow” acquired over 9 wk.(B) Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions of “dow.”(C) High-magnification view of branch tip (green arrow) in region outlined by green box in (B).Scale bars: (A and B), 50 μm; (C), 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 439, "image": "PMC3049733_f2_89045.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings. A, B: Case 4 frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 40×, 100×). B: Magnified view of boxed area with an arrow in A. Corneal tissue near the perforation. C, D: Frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 100×, 200×) Corneal tissue near the perforation. The epithelium neighboring the corneal ulcer showed partial thinning (arrow).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 440, "image": "PMC3080331_F2_92974.jpg", "report": "p53 immunohistochemical negative staining in a grade 2 ductal carcinoma. The wide majority of nuclei showed no staining with the exception of one clear positive nucleus (arrow) in the upper left corner. Original magnifications: ×100 (inset ×250).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 441, "image": "PMC2999444_f02_80672.jpg", "report": "Wing epidermal cells expressing EGFP after plasmid injection followed by electroporation. A) 3 pulses of 80 V, o.1 ms pulse duration, and 100 ms pulse interval (100X magnification). B) 3 pulses of 80 V, 1 second pulse duration, and 500 ms pulse interval (200X magnification). C) and D) Epidermal cells of wings treated in the same way as in A) and B) but injected with blue colored water.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 442, "image": "PMC2958303_fig2_76472.jpg", "report": "Effects of SP on the expression level of adhesion molecules on HMVEC. (a) The concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 in the conditioned medium derived from SP-treated HMVEC. N = 3. Error bar: SD. (b) Immunolabeling of ICAM1 and P-selectin on HMVEC with various treatments. Magnification, ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 443, "image": "PMC1397829_F2_4762.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 444, "image": "PMC2360632_fig4_21305.jpg", "report": "Invasive breast cancer specimens from the tissue microarray with (A) negative, (B) moderate, and (C) strong positive staining reaction for PRL-3. (D) Strong PLR-3 staining of tumour vessel. (E) PRL-3 negative and (F) positive lymph node metastases. Magnification 10-fold.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 445, "image": "PMC2895301_fig2_67956.jpg", "report": "\nGlomerular hypertrophy and collapse in diabetes were ameliorated by ciglitazone. Histological kidney section were stained with Masson-Trichrome stain and visualized under dissecting microscope. Note that glomerular hypertrophy was observed at one week of alloxan (a single dose of 65 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) treatment. At 10 weeks glomerulus was collapsed. Ciglitazone treatment after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment reversed glomerular deformation towards normal (magnification, x200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 446, "image": "PMC2909981_F1_69841.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1α, CAIX, Glut-1 and p27kip1 in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Typical patterns are shown: A) perinecrotic HIF-1α expression (10× magnification). B) Diffuse HIF-1α expression (10× magnification). C) Diffuse p27kip1 expression (10× magnification). D) Perinecrotic Glut-1 expression (10× magnification) E) Membrane CAIX expression (20× magnification). Asterisk indicates necrosis.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 447, "image": "PMC2797365_fig3_53234.jpg", "report": "(a) Histopathological image of the primary tumor showing moderate cellularity and a rounded, clear cytoplasm. Histological examination of the dura and the nerve roots revealed infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma: (b) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, magnification 250-fold. (c) Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed tumor cells within dural collagen fibers, magnification 500-fold.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 448, "image": "PMC2661790_fig3_36656.jpg", "report": "Tissue-based studies of U87MG human tumours xenografted into NMRI nude mice treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3), or cetuximab (C225), or radiation alone (RT), or both modalities. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour cells stained with anti-EGFR, anti-Ki-67 nuclear antigen, apoptosis by TUNEL and angiogenesis with anti-CD31 antibody ( × 40 magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 449, "image": "PMC3082966_F2_93484.jpg", "report": "Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 450, "image": "PMC2376165_fig3_22430.jpg", "report": "Cell morphology of PANC-1 clones transfected with hyperstable U1snRNA. Parent PANC-1 (A) and transfectants, Pr1A-4 (B), Pr1S (C), Pr3A-4 (D), Pr3A-5 (E), and Pr3S (F) were cultured to confluence and photographed at a magnification of ×200. The r1A and r3A transfected clones are heterogeneous in their cell morphology and contain many multinucleated giant cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 451, "image": "PMC2886081_F2_66264.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy of one papule with central foreign body. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cross-section of one papule. Arrow indicates foreign body. Image captured at 10× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 452, "image": "PMC2235833_F1_17444.jpg", "report": "Ewing tumor cells overexpressing EGFR. Cells (EWS TC71 and EWS IOR/CAR) were fixed and stained for EGFR using rabbit polyclonal antibodies, which were visualized with goat Cy3-conjugated secondary antibodies. Images show Cy3 fluorescence (left), DAPI staining of nuclei (middle) and merge (right). Images were recorded by laser scanning microscopy. Bars indicate 10 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 453, "image": "PMC2570612_pgen-1000240-g005_29150.jpg", "report": "Nuclear ultrastructure in flo mutants.Transmission electron micrographs of nuclei from representative 5 dpf wild type and flo intestinal epithelial cells. (A,B) Intact nuclear envelope in wild type (A) and flo (B). (C–F) Tangential sections through the nuclear envelope showing abundant nuclear pores (arrows) in the wild type larva (C,E) but few if any well defined pores in the flo larva (D,F). (E) and (F) are higher magnification views of (C) and (D), respectively.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 454, "image": "PMC514604_F1_302.jpg", "report": "CS17 OPT model (a). still shot from movie of 3D OPT model of a CS17 human embryo (approximately 41 days of development). bv, blood vessel; drg, dorsal root ganglion; h, heart; H, hindbrain; l, liver; T, telencephalon; v, vertebrae. (b; Additional file 1) Mpeg movie of 3D CS17 OPT model.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 455, "image": "PMC2695862_fig02_39960.jpg", "report": "Endogenous catecholamine fluorescence in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies and median eminence of Snell dwarf (dw/dw, lower panels) and normal (DW/dw, upper panels) mice treated daily with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Coronal sections; original objective magnification: × 20. Scale bar = 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 456, "image": "PMC2962632_pone-0013603-g004_76687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical controls for LMP1 and EBERs RNA in situ hybridization.\nA) HL case: LMP1 positive staining in the membrane of Reed Stenberg cells and HL mononuclear cell (400X). B) LMP1 negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X). C) EBERs RNA positive staining in HL Reed Stenberg cells (400X). D) EBERs RNA negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 457, "image": "PMC2807460_pone-0008749-g002_55027.jpg", "report": "Representative pancreatic islets showing insulin staining (brown) in untreated STZ-diabetic mice, non-diabetic control and STZ-diabetic mice treated with insulin implants or islet transplant (txp) under the kidney capsule for 60 or 120 days (40x).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 458, "image": "PMC2743993_pone-0007184-g001_46024.jpg", "report": "Spr1-GFP is a marker for spore wall permeability.AN120 (wild-type), AN262 (chs3Δ), and AN264 (dit1Δ) harboring high copy plasmids expressing SPR1-GFP or ssGFP (pRS424-SPR1-GFP or pRS424-ssGFP) were examined by fluorescence microscopy 8 hours or 20 hours after transfer to sporulation medium. Arrows indicate asci displaying fluorescence in the ascal cytoplasm. Bar = 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 459, "image": "PMC3080389_pone-0018877-g004_93046.jpg", "report": "Invasion of CHO cells.A.) S. elongatus engineered with invasin and listeriolysin are able to invade CHO cells at a higher efficiency than S. elongatus harboring the empty vector or invasin alone. Cells positive for red fluorescence were sorted by FACS and B.) observed under confocal microscopy, showing intracellular localization of at least one bacterial cell per CHO cell in the majority of the cells observed.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 460, "image": "PMC2376369_fig1_22465.jpg", "report": "Expression of CA XII in invasive breast tumours. The panels show representative examples of CA XII expression detected by IHC in three invasive ductal carcinomas. The cases were associated with overall IHC scores of 10 (A and B), 100 (C and D), and 225 (E and F) respectively. Panels on the right side (B, D and F) are higher magnifications to show cellular detail within the corresponding tumour shown on the left. Original magnifications; left × 40, right × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 461, "image": "PMC2613893_F2_32087.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 462, "image": "PMC3046254_pone-0017526-g006_88602.jpg", "report": "Expression of candidate mechanosensitive genes in control and immobilised specimens on longitudinal sections through the knee joint.Images A’–D’ (scale bar 0.1 mm) show the knee region of A to D (scale bar 0.5 mm) at a higher magnification. cc; capsular condensation, cl; chondrogenous layer, iz; intermediate layer, jf; joint fusion, m; meniscus, p; patella, par; periarticular cartilage, t; tendon, tc; tibial crest.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 463, "image": "PMC2664462_pone-0005142-g002_36882.jpg", "report": "Flagellar stains of wild type and mutant strains.Some flagella are indicated by arrows. Shown are representative panels from the three different strain backgrounds: Row A) 10403 strain background, Row B) RM2387 strain background, Row C) RM2992 strain background. All micrographs were taken at 1000× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 464, "image": "PMC2266934_F1_18837.jpg", "report": "Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development, growth, and aging. Prominent features distinguishable with RCM are (A-B) rudimentary primary ductal trees (open arrowheads), (C-D) terminal end buds (closed arrowheads), (E-I, P) secondary branching (thin arrows), (J-M) tertiary branching (open arrows), (N-O) lobules (thick arrows), (Q) ductal ectasia or enlarged ducts (^). Magnification: 30×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 465, "image": "PMC1276786_F5_3727.jpg", "report": "Plots of the tail of the global alignment optimal score distribution. The score frequencies were plotted against the natural logarithm of scores at the tail of the distribution of Figure 1. The three theoretical distributions were indicated in solid lines. The score distribution was fitted with (A) the three-parameter gamma distribution; (B) the normal distribution; and (C) the Gumbel distribution.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 466, "image": "PMC2987765_F2_78763.jpg", "report": "Localization of Ack1 proteins. Cos7 cells co-expressing wild-type or mutant HA-tagged Ack1 along with a membrane targeted form of GFP (PM-GFP) [40] were prepared for immunostaining and confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ack1 proteins were detected with anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA; left panels; PM-GFP, middle panels; merged images, right panels. Scale bar: 10 microns.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 467, "image": "PMC2500017_F1_26347.jpg", "report": "FRAP of GFP-tagged Nrg in epithelial cells of live embryos. Side views of epithelial cells in wild-type (A), nrx IV (B), cont (C) and Dfvari (D) embryos at stage15. Pre-bleach images are shown on the left. The sections of cell interface that were bleached are indicated with boxes. Images on the right show the recovery of fluorescence 160 seconds after bleaching. Bar: 5 μm. Schematic representation of the distribution of septate junction components, Nrg, Nrx IV and Cont in each genotype.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 468, "image": "PMC2360358_fig6_21193.jpg", "report": "Cytopathology of T98G cells exposed to vehicle or 17α-AED (10 μM) for 30 h. (A) T98G cultures treated with vehicle are composed of cells with epithelioid morphology; a large, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleoli. A T98G cell undergoing mitosis (M). (B, C) Numerous cells in the 17α-AED-treated cultures show the presence of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles (arrows) and small, basophilic bodies (arrow heads). Haematoxylin and eosin staining, × 100 magnification with oil.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 469, "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 470, "image": "PMC2993484_F0002_79841.jpg", "report": "Map of the Czech Republic and location of sampling sites and the control site.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 471, "image": "PMC2715381_F1_42152.jpg", "report": "The expression of CD133 in colon cancer patients with stage IIIB (10 × 20~10 × 100). The expression of CD133 was examined with immunohistochemical assay. (A): <5% CD133+ cells in the cancer nest; (B): ≥5% CD133+ cells in the cancer nest; (C) and (D): the staining of CD133 on the luminal surface and the basal surface of cancer cells; (E): the staining of CD133 on budding cancer nest; (F): the staining of CD133 on poor-differentiated cancer nests with ductal structures.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 472, "image": "PMC2918599_F3_70974.jpg", "report": "Hydrophobic dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes. An example of a P. cribripes treated with Sudan III staining in order to examine if the beetles have hydrophilic zones that could facilitate the collection of water from fog. The Sudan III staining make wax covered i.e. hydrophobic areas shiny. The magnification shows the shining hydrophobic peaks of the bumps on the elytra.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 473, "image": "PMC2885878_F0003_66173.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on the biopsy tissue showing cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 474, "image": "PMC2754611_pone-0007385-g005_47193.jpg", "report": "Analyzing the effect of DX expression on cell morphology.Phase-contrast micrograph images taken between 2 and 9 hours post-induction show the filamentous phenotype in cells expressing protein DX. The unbiquitin and empty control strains appear normal at all times of induced growth. Images were acquired at 40× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 475, "image": "PMC2822860_pone-0009273-g004_56957.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs in HEK 293 cells.Each expression vector was transfected and observed using a fluorescence microscope (upper, GFP; middle, DAPI) or differential interference microscope (lower, DIC).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 476, "image": "PMC2900228_F1_68336.jpg", "report": "Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell and embryoid body. Phase-contrast images of Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell colonies (A) and embryoid bodies after 7 days of formation (B). Scale bar, 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 477, "image": "PMC2814865_pntd-0000593-g001_55967.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent labeled short interfering RNA enters cultured eggs of Schistosoma mansoni.Representative images of schistosome eggs and miracidia 24 hours after soaking in Cy3-siRNA; bright field, upper panels, fluorescence, lower panels. Eggs were soaked in medium containing 50 ng/µl of Cy3-siRNA. No Cy3-siRNA treatment control (A, B), Cy3-siRNA treated, fluorescent eggs (C, D) and fluorescent eggs and a miracidium/sporocyst (arrow in E, F). Scale bar, 50µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 478, "image": "PMC2527015_F12_27108.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical expression features of phospho-eIF2α, eIF2α, and BiP proteins in different human lung lesions. The proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry are designated in rows, while the columns depict expression in normal lung tissues, representative positive (ISI values of > 6–9) and negative NSCLCs, and representative positive (ISI values of > 6–9) and negative Small Cell Carcinomas. Magnification, ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 479, "image": "PMC2759966_F2_47776.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Topo I in TMA cores of colorectal carcinoma cases. Strong nuclear staining, graded as positive with a total score of 6/6 (a); moderate, diffused, predominantly cytoplasmic staining, graded as positive with a total score of 5/6 (b); mild focal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, graded as low expression/negative with a total score of 2/6 (c). (Magnification: ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 480, "image": "PMC1559596_F2_6950.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of immunostained Aβ plaques (stained with anti-Aβ antibody) in the neocortex of (A) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse; (B) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse; and (C) a 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+). (A, B, C, magnification = 100×, insert shows enlargement of Aβ plaques).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 481, "image": "PMC2556324_F1_28223.jpg", "report": "Morphology and immunostaining of mouse chondrocytes embedded in agarose gel. A) Chondrocytes cultured in 3D maintain their round morphology. Signs of cell division are observed. B) Pericellular staining with an anti-type II collagen antibody (image captured at the centre of the gel).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 482, "image": "PMC2975415_F2_78132.jpg", "report": "3D location of acetylability related lysine groups. The view angles are labeled as A, B and C. The balls in yellow represent the acetylable lysine, while red for the un-acetylable in training set. The wired ellipsoids are 3D regions related to acetylability. The lysine only and whole nucleosome parts are contained in all three views. An additional surface colored by electronically potential is added to C on the right side.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 483, "image": "PMC2700491_F0005_40557.jpg", "report": "Fine needle aspiration cytology image. (MGG stain, ×100)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 484, "image": "PMC2254392_F5_18153.jpg", "report": "Images from confocal microscopy. Three views of a CF11 fibre are shown, as schematized in the right insertion of figure c. The insertions d, e and f correspond to the pixels intensity (256 grey levels) obtained at the position indicated by the line (white circle), at different depths. The adsorption conditions were 20 mgCBD/gFibre, for 30 minutes of contact. Each image corresponds to an acquisition thickness of 1 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 485, "image": "PMC2653772_fig1_35840.jpg", "report": "Representative images showing expression of RUNX3 in the nucleus only (A), in the cytoplasm only (B) and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (C). Images are at × 40 magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 486, "image": "PMC2690591_F2_39502.jpg", "report": "Plaque phenotypes of parental virus strains and hybrid virus progenies in IEC-6 cells. Confluent IEC-6 cells were infected with the respective viruses and the HA expression was monitored at 36 hpi by immunoperoxidase staining of fixed cells. The panels show representative fields at approximately × 200 magnification. CPXV-NOHI (A), MVA-HANP (B), Rec 1(C), Rec 2 (D), Rec 3 (E), Rec 3a (F), Rec 3b (G).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 487, "image": "PMC1201157_F5_3047.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs in 3D type I collagen matrix. The samples shown in the upper panels (A-E) were treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs, whereas those in the lower panels (F-J) with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies. Cross sections were stained with acidified eosin as described in methods. Magnification, 100×. Bar, 200 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 488, "image": "PMC2887531_F0003_66629.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from the elbow showing acanthosis hyperkeratosis and several burrows showing mites. (H & E Stain, ×40)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 489, "image": "PMC1420290_F9_4938.jpg", "report": "Distribution of FITC-labelled asODN in the mouse nose in vivo. FITC-labelled asODN (80 μg/mouse) were complexed with GL67 and perfused into the nasal cavity. Twenty-four hours later the nasal septum was extracted, paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrows indicate the surface epithelium. A and B are images from two different animals showing the highest (A) and lowest (B) levels of uptake seen.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 490, "image": "PMC2850337_F1_61294.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of survivin. Detection of survivin in leiomyosarcoma in cytoplasm (A) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (B) Detection of survivin in synovial sarcoma in cytoplasm (C) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (D) (magnification 200×)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 491, "image": "PMC3065884_fig11_91287.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser microscopic images for distribution of RH-AF-liposomes and Alexa-pDNA in HepG2 cells. Magnification: ×200. The charge ratio of AF-liposomes/pDNA was 1.6. γ-CyDs were added to AF-liposomes suspension before freeze-drying. The concentrations of γ-CyDs were 1 μM/μM lipids. Cells were incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 h in FCS-free medium. After washing twice, the cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 492, "image": "PMC2376774_fig1_22475.jpg", "report": "TRAIL is a potent inducer of apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Jurkat T lymphoma cells (0.5×106 ml−1) were exposed to the vehicle (A–C) or 40 ng ml−1 rhTRAIL (D–F), processed for TEM, observed, and images taken at the following magnifications: A, D–1800×; B–5000×; C, F–18 000×; and E–7000×; M-mitotic cell; I–cell in the interphase; Mi–mitochondrium; Nu–nucleolus; V–vacuole; *apoptotic cell; **nucleus with condensed chromatin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 493, "image": "PMC538753_F2_868.jpg", "report": "Transient expression of GFP and GFP fusion proteins in BY-2 tobacco cells. (A) GFP protein [35SΩ-sGFP (S65T)]; (B) Arabidopsis chloroplast targeting signal (pt)-GFP fusion protein [35SΩ-pt-sGFP (S65T)]; (C) putative localization signal of GGPP synthase-GFP fusion protein [35SΩ-GGPP synthase-sGFP (S65T)]", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 494, "image": "PMC1538593_F1_6458.jpg", "report": "LAM5γ2 and HSP27 expression in FF of UIP biopsies. Expression of LAM5γ2 (a, b, and c) and HSP27 (d, and e) in different cases of IPF/UIP. The immunoreactivity is similar for the two molecules, mainly restricted to basal cell sheets located between luminal bronchiolar cells and myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci (sandwich-FF).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 495, "image": "PMC1675997_F4_7877.jpg", "report": "Control group, day 45. Surgical cavity (SC) with mature bone tissue, blood vessels and areas of internal remodelling. Fibrous capsules (FC) can be observed on the upper and lateral regions of the slide (HE 40×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 496, "image": "PMC2937225_fig7_73380.jpg", "report": "Expression and distribution of TRPC6 in ciGEnC and ciPod compared to a platelet positive control. Lysates from ciPod and cGEnC were Western blotted and probed using anti-TRPC6 and anti-actin antibodies. (A) Representative images of ciGEnC (Bi) and ciPod (Bii) were microinjected with pcDNA3TRPC6 and immunofluorescence was carried out using an anti-TRPC6 antibody. Cells were imaged using confocal microscopy. X–Y stacks of ciGEnC and ciPod in (B) are shown in (Ci) and (Cii) respectively.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 497, "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 498, "image": "PMC212693_pbio-0000014-g001_11.jpg", "report": "FRAP of HP1–GFP Reveals a Dynamic Association with HeterochromatinA fraction of a heterochromatic cluster (arrowhead) was bleached by a laser pulse, and recovery of fluorescence was monitored by time-lapse imaging. Images were kindly provided by Thierry Cheutin and Tom Misteli.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 499, "image": "PMC2822859_pone-0009262-g003_56947.jpg", "report": "XA21 Is Mainly Localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Rice Leaf Sheath Tissue.\nIn planta subcellular localization of Nat XA21-YFP (top) and non-transgenic Kitaake (bottom) were determined using confocal microscopy. Intact adaxial sheath epidermal cells were imaged with an Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope equipped with a 60×oil immersion lens [numerical aperture, 1.42]. YFP signal was excited at 515 nm and emission was collected between 530-560 nm. Scale bar, 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 500, "image": "PMC1851383_F3_10340.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 501, "image": "PMC2657125_F6_36189.jpg", "report": "Toxicity observation I. H & E staining of heart(a), liver(b), lung (c), spleen(d) and kidney(e) in recipient mice. No hemorrhage in organs appeared in the combination group and no differences were seen among groups. A: Ad-hEndo+ cisplatin; B: Ad-hEndo; C: cisplatin; D: Ad-null; E: NS.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 502, "image": "PMC2770062_F5_49606.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of Hsp and Omp50. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses of OMVs. (A) OMVs of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176 without antiserum (control). (B), immunolabelling with anti-Hsp antiserum. (C) immunolabelling with anti-Omp50 antiserum. White arrows show the GroEL like particles (in A) and the localization of gold particles on the GroEL like particles (in B). Black arrows show the OMVs (in A&B). Bars correspond to 100 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 503, "image": "PMC3034992_fig2_86541.jpg", "report": "Langerhans cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm and prominent nuclear grooves (Papanicolaou stain, original magnification, ×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 504, "image": "PMC2908095_F7_69441.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of NPC and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (Normal NP) specimens for LMP1, Id1 and Foxo3a expression. Intensive nuclear staining for Foxo3a was observed in normal NP epithelium with weak expression of Id1. In NPC tumour T1 which expresses high level of LMP1, strong Id1 expression and weak nuclear staining of Foxo3a was observed. In NPC tumour T3 which shows weak LMP1 expression, strong nuclear staining of Foxo3a and weak Id1 detection was observed.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 505, "image": "PMC1697812_F6_7909.jpg", "report": "Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 506, "image": "PMC2075367_pone-0001202-g004_14829.jpg", "report": "Expression of BCAS3 in embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation.Human EBs at day 14 of differentiation immunostained for (A, E, I, M) BCAS3 (green), (Q) isotype control (green), (B) PECAM (red) and (F, J, N, R) ICAM2 (red). (C, G, K, O, S) show nuclei stained with DAPI. (D, H, L, P, T) are merged images of respective panels to their left. Boxed area in (E–H) imaged at higher magnification shown in (I–L) respectively. Scale bar: (A, M, Q) 50 µm (E, I) 100 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 507, "image": "PMC2731731_F2_44220.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of CDH1 protein expression in sporadic gastric cancers. Representative gastric cancer samples are shown. (A) and (C), sporadic gastric cancer showing CDH1 protein expression; (B) and (D), sporadic gastric cancer not showing CDH1 expression. (A) and (B), H-E stained; (C) and (D), immunostained for CDH1. Scale bar, 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 508, "image": "PMC2773734_f3_50055.jpg", "report": "Chromogenic in situ hybridization for chromosome 18 and 8q22 amplification in breast carcinoma. A: Invasive melanoma, hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in all the cells. B: Non-metastasizing melanoma hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in most of the cells. C: Normal retina hybridized with chromosome 18 showing two copies in all the cells. D: Breast carcinoma hybridized with chromosome 8q22 showing positive amplification (large cluster).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 509, "image": "PMC3062565_pone-0018049-g003_90789.jpg", "report": "The effect of FTS on muscle pathology.Digital images of hematoxylin and eosin stained muscle. (A) WT untreated mouse presenting normal organization of muscle tissue with no abundant connective tissue. (B) Untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse showing severe dystrophic changes with abnormal variation of fiber size, internal nuclei and severe fibrosis. (C) Treated dy2J/dy2J mouse, showing still variation in fiber size. Magnification ×400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 510, "image": "PMC1949822_F4_13065.jpg", "report": "Cell and biofilm morphology of Salmonella Typhimurium UMR1 (wt) and its mutants MAE52 (csgD++), MAE51 (csgD), MAE14 (csgBA), MAE222 (bcsA) and MAE619 (bapA) after growth for 24 hours. The first column shows light microscope (LM) images (with a frame width of approx. 0.6 mm) before drying, the second column light microscope images at the same magnification after drying. The third and fourth columns show AFM images at two different scan sizes.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 511, "image": "PMC2895875_F0003_68031.jpg", "report": "A case of LCNEC in EBUS FNA. a, b) The cytomorphology shows loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding, hyperchromasia, and crush artifact, which mimics a small cell carcinoma (a. DQ stain, ×400). However, there are also cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli (b. DQ stain, ×600). c,d) The cell block showed areas of necrosis and highlights the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which is most consistent with a LCNEC [(H and E stain, ×400 (C) and ×600 (D)]", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 512, "image": "PMC2923150_pone-0012142-g005_71392.jpg", "report": "Biofilm formation in the Δppk2 mutant.(A) The Δppk2 mutant shows enhanced biofilm formation. Biofilm formation as assessed by crystal violet staining. (B) Quantification of biofilm using DMSO. The amount of biofilm formed was dissolved in 1 ml DMSO for 48 h and quantified by measuring absorbance at 570 nm. Each bar represents the mean±SE of 3 independent experiments. ** P≤0.01.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 513, "image": "PMC3014814_f04_82917.jpg", "report": "Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 514, "image": "PMC2841166_F6_59581.jpg", "report": "Immunoperoxidase staining of USC-HN1 cells in Nude mouse heterotransplant and in cytospin preparations for HNSCC classification markers. Photomicrograph of immunoperoxidase staining of original tumor biopsy (top), IHC stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of USC-HN1 Nude mouse heterotransplant (middle), and USC-HN1 cells from culture in a cytospin preparation (bottom) for keratin, E-cadherin, EGFr, CD44, p53 and Rb (×200 original magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 515, "image": "PMC3037350_ppat-1001276-g003_86781.jpg", "report": "TgRON2 exposes at least one segment on the cytosolic side of the host cell plasma membrane.HFF cells were pre-loaded with antibodies directed against TgRON2-4 and were pulse-infected for 2.5 min, followed by IFA. The upper images show a progressing invasion while the lower images show a terminating invasion, in both cases the arrowhead indicates the MJ and magnifications are shown on the right. Scale bar = 5µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 516, "image": "PMC3040189_pone-0017026-g005_87433.jpg", "report": "Cut-marks and percussion marks on facial bones from Gough's Cave.(A) Cut-marks and percussion marks on facial bones from Gough's Cave [GC 87(25), GC 87(29) and GC 87(87)] (scale  =  10 mm). (a–g), Alicona 3D images of human modifications (scale  =  1 mm). (B), photograph of percussion marks on the inferior labial border of the right central incisor (scale  =  5 mm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 517, "image": "PMC2876702_F0003_64897.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph (H and E, ×10 and ×20) of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the tumor showing cohesive clusters of tumor cells. Inset reveals vacuolated cytoplasm of tumor cells", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 518, "image": "PMC2876921_F0002_64959.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 519, "image": "PMC2212569_F2_16561.jpg", "report": "Renal histopathology in knockout MRL mice and control MRL mice. Sections showing the renal histopathology of C4bp-/-MRL/lpr(KO MRL) mice and littermate control (CTRL MRL) mice. (a) Representative formalin-fixed sections from the kidney stained with periodic acid Schiff (0.75NA, 400× magnification). Glomeruli with crescentic changes are shown. (b) Sections stained with periodic acid Schiff showing perivascular inflammation around branching arteries (white arrows) (0.15NA, 50× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 520, "image": "PMC2673047_pgen-1000476-g003_37766.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization analyses of genes upregulated in the P0/P1.Transcripts for six genes identified in SAM microarray analyses as differentially expressed in the P0/P1 SAM all accumulate in young leaf primordia (arrows) and in the lower SAM periphery and P0 (arrowhead).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 521, "image": "PMC2664464_pone-0005177-g003_36887.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence microscopic analyses of S. macrospora wild type strains expressing cas1-egfp or cas3-egfp.The images illustrate the fluorescence of CAS1-EGFP and CAS3-EGFP caused by the transformation of plasmids pGFP-CAS1 or pGFP-CAS3, respectively. Transformants were analyzed after growth for two days on solid SWG medium supplemented with hygromycin. DIC: differential interference contrast. Scale bar indicates 20 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 522, "image": "PMC2848551_pgen-1000896-g003_60938.jpg", "report": "Verification of IRS RNAi in peripheral fat body by whole-mount in situ hybridization.Expression of IRS was confirmed in fat body, and staining intensity (purple/red color) was reduced in IRS knockdowns compared to controls. (A,B) High pollen-hoarding strain; (C,D) low pollen-hoarding strain; (E,F) wild type. The honey bee fat body is a single cell-layer primary composed of trophocytes (T) and oenocytes (O). IRS transcript was localized to both cell types. Magnification: 200×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 523, "image": "PMC2919381_pone-0012034-g004_70998.jpg", "report": "Enlarged glomeruli in seven month old db/db mice.Panels A and C are controls, and panels B and D are from db/db mice. Panels A and B are lower magnification views showing multiple glomeruli, while panels C and D are higher magnification, more clearly showing the size difference. Sections were hematoxylin and eosin stained.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 524, "image": "PMC2686684_F3_39105.jpg", "report": "Expression of Neil3 in developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation was performed on coronal sections of mouse brains at different embryonic stages. Magnifications of Neil3-positive cells are shown to the right. Abbreviations: CA, hippocampal differentiation fields; Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Hy, hypothalamus; LV, lateral ventricle; SM, secondary matrix; SVZ, subventricle zone.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 525, "image": "PMC1392236_f5-ehp0114-000412_4732.jpg", "report": "PMNL identification in the spinotrapezius muscle microcirculation of PM-exposed rats 24 hr after IT exposure. (A) Representative H&E-stained section from a saline-treated rat. Abbreviations: CT, connective tissue; SM, skeletal muscle fiber. (B) Representative H&E-stained section from a rat exposed to 0.1 mg ROFA. Note the deeply lobed nuclei that are characteristic of PMNLs. Bars = 25 μm; similar results were obtained with TiO2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 526, "image": "PMC2978706_pone-0013954-g002_78287.jpg", "report": "Abrogation of pRb expression disrupts adherens junctions.Immunocytochemical localization of β-catenin in MC3T3 (top) and primary osteoblasts (bottom). pRb-expressing osteoblasts show strong β-catenin membrane-associated labeling along areas of cell-to-cell contact (left) while pRb-deficient osteoblasts show a weak and diffuse labeling, without any clearly discernible membrane labeling (right). Magnification = ×100. Bar = 1 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 527, "image": "PMC2938427_fig1_73424.jpg", "report": "Digital subtraction angiography confirmed an aneurysm at the distal part of right axillary artery (a). In the presented case, pathologic examination of aneurismal sac revealed that all three layers of the arterial wall were intact despite various degrees of degeneration and fibrosis in the media layer (b). H&Ex100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 528, "image": "PMC2843668_F2_60016.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 529, "image": "PMC3003526_F5_81488.jpg", "report": "Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 in the inner annulus. Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 within the pericellular encapsulation matrix (arrows) of cells in the inner annulus of a Thompson Grade II disc. Magnification: ×465.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 530, "image": "PMC2848861_pone-0010011-g004_61151.jpg", "report": "Time-lapse luminescence imaging of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of ELuc::importin α in NIH3T3 cells.The expression plasmid carrying ELuc::importin α was transiently transfected into NIH3T3 cells. Images were acquired after 3 h of transfection using 3 min of exposure time at intervals of 4 min with a 40× objective lens without binning. Numbers indicate minutes. A schematic drawing of the expression plasmid is shown on the upper panel.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 531, "image": "PMC1325242_F1_4299.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 532, "image": "PMC2743995_pone-0007156-g001_46031.jpg", "report": "Localization of actin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts.The cells were labeled using TRITC-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, DIC image of trophozoites. B, Trophozoites stained with TRITC-phalloidin (d = ventral disc; m = median body; n = nuclei; and, f = flagella). C, DIC image of cysts. D, Cysts stained with TRITC-phalloidin. E and F, optical slices of D. The B inset represents an optical slice. The nuclei were labelled with DAPI.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 533, "image": "PMC2584951_fig3_30360.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 534, "image": "PMC2811169_pntd-0000586-g008_55468.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructure of ΔLdDC2n/p null mutants flagella.Electron microscopic studies of cross-sections from flagella of chemically fixed L. donovani WT (A), ΔLdDC2n/p-1 (B) and ΔLdDC2n/p-2 (C) promastigotes at the same magnification. Magnifications of L. donovani WT (D) and ΔLdDC2n/p-1 (E). Outer dynein arms (arrows) are missing in the mutant. a, axoneme; p, paraflagellar rod.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 535, "image": "PMC2444036_pone-0002702-g003_25101.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser scanning microscopy of roots colonized by the GFP-tagged endophytic bacterial isolates.(A and B) Root colonization by GFP-tagged BGCR2-8(1) isolate at magnification of 100x (A) and 200x (B) and (C and D) root colonization by GFP-tagged DR5 isolate at magnification of 100x (C) and 200x (D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 536, "image": "PMC2653758_fig1_35830.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of HIF-1α in human gastric cancer tissues. Paraffin sections were pretreated as described in Materials and Methods, and HIF-1α was visualised by means of immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative control staining. (B–E) Expression of HIF-1α in established human gastric cancers, showing that the vast majority of tumour cells were positively stained for HIF-1α over nuclei. Magnification × 100 (A and B) and × 200 (C–E).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 537, "image": "PMC2914785_pntd-0000778-g001_70587.jpg", "report": "LruA and LruB-antiserum reacts with lenticular and retinal tissues.(A) Photomicrographs showing uniform homogeneous fluorescence in a section of equine lens incubated with LruA-antiserum (1∶100) but not with preserum (B) (×100). (C) Photomicrographs showing a positive fluorescence in a frozen section of equine retina incubated with LruB-antiserum (1∶100) but not with pre-immunization serum (D) (×100). Inset (×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 538, "image": "PMC2873933_F4_64561.jpg", "report": "Staining for CCL5 in whole nasal biopsies during resolution of established inflammation Representative photomicrographs showing CCL5 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of cells (brown stain) counterstained with heamatoxylin (blue stain) in negative control placebo-treated individual (A) and placebo-treated (B) and steroid treated individual showing less brown staining compared to placebo treatment (C). Black scale equals 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 539, "image": "PMC2724506_F2_43240.jpg", "report": "Images of B. subtilis levansucrase R360K mutant CLEAs. A) CLEAs images obtained immediately after quenching the cross-linking reaction; B) CLEAs washed and centrifuged after cross-linking reaction and C) CLEAs after 48 h of quenching; in this last case, CLEAS were not washed. Digital images were collected in phase contrast mode with a 40×, NA 0.75, Ph 2 objective.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 540, "image": "PMC2708193_F1_41419.jpg", "report": "CXCR4 expression on both tumor cells of primary tumors and metastatic lesions. A) adenocarcinoma, B) squamous cell carcinoma, C) adenocarcinoma (negative control), D) lymph node metastasis, E) bone metastasis, and F) bone metastasis (negative control). Magnification is at 100× for A-C and 200× for D-F.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 541, "image": "PMC1526588_F4_6356.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 542, "image": "PMC2362056_fig2_21646.jpg", "report": "Ductal carcinoma in situ specimens with representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for (upper row) bFGF (A), bFGF-R1 (B), VEGF-A (C), Flt-1 (D), KDR (E), and (lower row) VEGF-C (F), Flt-4 (G), ET-1 (H), ETAR (I), ETBR (J).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 543, "image": "PMC2956733_F3_76288.jpg", "report": "HAS 1-3 immunoreactivity and HA-staining in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Immunostaining of HAS1 (A, B), HAS2 (C, D), HAS3 (E, F) and HA (G, H) in normal human endometrium (A, C, E, G) and in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections (B, D, F, H). The brown color (DAB) indicates HAS (A-F) or HA (G, H), and blue color (haematoxylin) indicates nuclei. A-F: 200× original magnification. G, H: 100× original magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 544, "image": "PMC2669176_pone-0005322-g002_37324.jpg", "report": "VIP-GnRH interactions.Confocal microscopy photomicrographs of 0.5 µm optical sections showing the relationship between a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fiber (A: VIP, red) and a GnRH-GFP perikaryon (B: GnRH, green). Panel C shows the superimposed images. Scale bars = 20 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 545, "image": "PMC1298337_F3_4024.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of PPARγ in biopsies of the nasal mucosa from control subjects (A) and patients with allergic rhinitis (B), and in polyps before (C) and after treatment with steroids (D). Magnification: ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 546, "image": "PMC2887780_F4_66634.jpg", "report": "Positive immunohistochemical findings (immunoperoxidase technique; ×200). The tumor cells are positive for ACT (a) and VIM (b). Labeling index of Ki-67 (c) is 35%.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 547, "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 548, "image": "PMC2889862_F1_66866.jpg", "report": "Assessment of spontaneous cortical reaction of oocytes incubated in different media. Goldfish ringer after 5 (A) and 25 min (B) incubation; Synthetic ovarian fluid after 5 (C) and 25 min (D) incubation; goldfish ringer with 0.1 mg/ml STI after 5 (E) and 25 min (F) incubation; trout coelomic fluid after 5 (G) and 25 min (H) incubation. Cortical reaction is visualized by the thin transparent layer appearing around the oocyte. Scale bar = 500 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 549, "image": "PMC1434730_F7_5045.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o... Cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o.. Some cells obtained a differentiated, elongated morphology, unlike cells in cultures from younger embryos. 400 × magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 550, "image": "PMC2908605_F5_69536.jpg", "report": "Base line skin biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 551, "image": "PMC2220003_F1_16874.jpg", "report": "Appearance of 2–4 cell arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination. Morphological appearance of day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos. Embryos at this time after in vitro fertilization usually reached the blastocyst stage (a), while arrested embryos still appeared as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos (b). (Magnification: 400×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 552, "image": "PMC2740047_fig-003_45282.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of specimen revealed variable cellularity, and spindle cells having bland nuclei, and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 553, "image": "PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g001_16265.jpg", "report": "Late-EPCs can be cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cKS.A representative phase-contrast photograph of a late-EPC colony, identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells, is shown. Similar colonies were obtained from 15 different patients. A) ×100 magnification, B) ×200 magnification. Late-EPCs were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 554, "image": "PMC2952619_pone-0013298-g003_75587.jpg", "report": "Histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors by H&E and β-Catenin staining.Surgically removed tumor was fixed in buffered formalin and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) by standard protocol.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 555, "image": "PMC2323393_F1_20518.jpg", "report": "BAFF immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma (A), DCIS (B, arrowhead) and normal appearing duct (C, arrow) and lobule (C, arrowhead). Normal adipocytes are stained positively for BAFF (Pannel A, arrowhead). In D, a higher magnification is shown, in which a homogeneous cytoplasmic BAFF immunoreactivity is shown, with more prominent cell membrane staining. E: Normal Ig isotype staining.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 556, "image": "PMC2889899_F2_66907.jpg", "report": "Aurora A, hNinein, and γ-tubulin expression in low- versus high-grade glioma. A, Immunohistochemical analysis of Aurora A expression (brown), 200× magnification. B, hNinein (green) and γ-tubulin (red), counterstained for DNA with DAPI (blue) was assessed by confocal microscopy. Bars = 10 μm, 1000× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 557, "image": "PMC2993681_F3_79856.jpg", "report": "HER2 overexpression in breast tumors. Representative IHC staining for HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinomas (A-D). HER2 is predominantly membrane-bound (B-D). (A) Tumor that is negative for HER2. (B) Tumor with moderate HER2 staining (HercepTest™ 2+ staining). (C,D) Tumor with strong HER staining (HercepTest™ 3+ staining). Magnification: 100× for C; 200× for A,B,D. Counterstain: Hematoxylin.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 558, "image": "PMC1618397_F1_7520.jpg", "report": "Typical staining of tumour samples with a single-chain antibody against Eag1. Eag1 shows homogeneous cytoplasmic staining with perinuclear localization. Shown are representative examples for the different intensities of Eag1 staining leading to the scoring of 0 (A, morphologically non-malignant skeletal muscle from a rhabdomyosarcoma case), 1+ (B, malignant fibrous histiocytoma), 2+ (C, leiomyosarcoma) and 3+ (D, rhabdomyosarcoma) used for further analysis. Magnification: 20×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 559, "image": "PMC1291371_F4_3892.jpg", "report": "Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 560, "image": "PMC2488371_pone-0002915-g002_25995.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of rat brain cross-sections demonstrating mitochondrial MCT2 in thalamic neurons.When signals from probes for MCT2 (A, green), and mitochondrial COX (B, red) were merged with those of the neuronal marker MAP2 (C, blue), superposition of the signals (D, yellow/white) showed colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum in neurons (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 561, "image": "PMC2553404_F2_28127.jpg", "report": "Tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells is increased by expressing c-Src or v-Src, but not by FIT-compatible Src. SYF cells were transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-actin alone (A) or in combination with v-Src (C) or FIT-compatible Src (D) while c-Src reconstituted cells were transfected with GFP-actin vector only (B). GFP-actin and anti-pTyr immunofluorescence were observed by confocal microscopy of fixed, permeabilized cells. Merged image is presented on right. Scale bars represent 10 μM.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 562, "image": "PMC2813742_fig2_55826.jpg", "report": "Representative ISH for CCBE1 mRNA in normal ovary using (A) sense negative control and (B) antisense probes, respectively; (C) mucinous ovarian carcinoma; (D) serous ovarian carcinoma; (E) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, all with antisense probe (magnification × 20).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 563, "image": "PMC2848626_F5_61078.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns of pRB in dysplastic lesions (L), HNSCC samples (T), normal tissues (Normal) and HNSCC cell lines (Hep2, UPCI: SCC084) samples showing high (a), low/negative (b) expression of pRB protein (indicated by arrows). In #797T, RB1 was not deleted whereas in #944T, this gene was deleted. The regions marked within the circle (20×) were magnified to 40× at inset.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 564, "image": "PMC2684356_F0004_38732.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of prostate trucut biopsy, showing collection of epithelioid granulomas with loss of prostatic glands and fibrosis [Figure 3a, H and E, ×40 and 4b, H and E, ×100]", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 565, "image": "PMC2697143_F3_40096.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cells undergoing mitotic cell cycles or endoreduplication as they differentiate into trophoblast giant (TG) cells when deprived of FGF4. p57-/- TS cells respond to the same conditions by forming multinucleated TG cells. Data are from [18].", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 566, "image": "PMC2792475_F0004_52790.jpg", "report": "Liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes.Section of the liver tissue of aqueous extract of leaf-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes around the portal vein (V), absence of necrosis and moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles (F). Stain H and E, magnification 100X.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 567, "image": "PMC2669471_F13_37363.jpg", "report": "Photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis n. gen., n. sp. R = rostellum, A = axostyle, N = nucleus, Bar = 41 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 568, "image": "PMC2883233_F0008_65885.jpg", "report": "SEM micrographs of indomethacin matrix and coated tablets SEM micrographs of indomethacin matrix and coated tablets after dissolution test in phosphate buffer pH 6.2 at different time interval with magnification of 250", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 569, "image": "PMC1636656_F7_7723.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent LnPO4·H2O nanorods were visualized by TEM inside the cytoplasmic compartments of HUVEC. (A-C) EuPO4·H2O nanorods and (D-F) TbPO4·H2O nanorodsare observed inside the HUVEC with increasing magnifications. B was the enlarge picture of white block in A, C was the enlarge picture of white block in B. Similarly, E was the enlarge picture of white block in D and F was the enlarge picture of white block in E.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 570, "image": "PMC2775681_pone-0007889-g002_50404.jpg", "report": "Acadesine induces vacuole formation and degradation of cytoplasmic material.Electron microscopy images showing ultrastructural features of a representative control cell (A) and morphological features of autophagy in K562 treated with 1 mM acadesine for 48 h (B). Cells were observed at different magnification (x2500, x6000 and x25000). L =  Lysosome, A =  Autophagosome, N =  Nuclei, M =  Mitochondria, DM =  Double Membrane Vesicle.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 571, "image": "PMC3047707_fig03_88831.jpg", "report": "Labeling of target RBC with fluorescent dyes. RBC were labeled with either 20 μM CFDA-SE or 10 μM DDAO-SE and coincubated with an approximately equal quantity of unlabeled RBC for 48 h at +37°C under standard P. falciparum culture conditions. RBC were then harvested and fluorescence detected either by confocal microscopy (top panels) or flow cytometry (bottom panels).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 572, "image": "PMC2912230_F1_70129.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 at a magnification of 25,000 ×. False colour added by Pat Casey.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 573, "image": "PMC2719610_F4_42552.jpg", "report": "Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections collected after assessment of pulmonary mechanics from mice. (B) and (C) is OVA sensitized with single-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (B) or by Penh measurements (C). (D), (E) and (F) are OVA sensitized with three-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (D) or by Penh measurements (E, F).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 574, "image": "PMC1386683_F5_4687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Synd1 in monolayers of NMuMG cells after treatment with LT and hemolytic proteins (1 μg/ml each for 16 h). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and Synd1 is stained green with FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody. 40× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 575, "image": "PMC1434494_pmed-0030151-g002_5028.jpg", "report": "Microscopic Characterization of Sectioned Liver Tissue from Patients Who Had Died(A) Light image of a liver tissue section (×100). The central vein is indicated with an arrow.(B) Light image of a liver tissue section (×200).(C) The convergent zone is indicated with an arrow (×100).(D) TEM image of a liver tissue section (×20,000). A bacterium found in the tissue is highlighted with an arrow.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 576, "image": "PMC1579243_ppat-0020099-g006_7315.jpg", "report": "Virions Showing Two Different Modes of Budding(A) The majority of the virions is emerging horizontally from the cell surface and contains nucleocapsids (B), whereas vertically budding virions appear empty. Insets in (A) and (B) are larger magnifications of the areas identified in boxes of the main pictures, depicting cross sections of VLPs. (C) VLPs induced by the expression of VP40 alone bud vertically and lack NC-like structures. Bars, 400 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 577, "image": "PMC2700965_pone-0006128-g007_40616.jpg", "report": "Cellular distribution of ErbB1 and nucleolin mutants.HEK-293T cells were transfected with EGFP-ErbB1 and either pDsRed, pDsRed -nucleolin, pDsRed -N-ter or pDsRed -212-C-ter. 48 h following transfection cells were fixed and subjected to confocal microscopy analysis. GFP-ErbB1 is visualized in green and pDsRed expression vectors are seen in red. Representative cells are presented.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 578, "image": "PMC2583968_F5_30113.jpg", "report": "4 weeks healing time: coverage of the titanium implant with mineralized tissue and dense bone matrix (left) (2 kV, magnification 250-fold). Enlarged detail (right) (2 kV, magnification 1000-fold).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 579, "image": "PMC2771033_F1_49801.jpg", "report": "Distal duodenal biopsy of patient #1 in Group II with celiac disease (hematoxylin & eosin stain).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 580, "image": "PMC2621238_F5_32405.jpg", "report": "Transmission electronic microscopy observations of NPs uptake. Transmission electronic microscope micrographs of LLC-PK1 cells which internalized FW2 (A) and TiO2-15 (B) NPs (MET scale bars A and B: 2 μm, images were taken at ×14 000 and 10 000 magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 581, "image": "PMC2673212_F5_37783.jpg", "report": "Anti-IL-6 antibody reduced the inflammatory histopathology of CIA. DBA/1 LacJ mice were dosed with irrelevant control antibody (A) or anti-IL-6 antibody (1 mg/week (B) or 5 mg/week (C)) for 10 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment as described in materials and methods. Photomicrographs are 200×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 582, "image": "PMC2222635_F5_16968.jpg", "report": "Stimulation of MAPK pathway enhances nuclear RNP export of A/HK/218847/06 (H1N1) influenza virus. MDCK cells were infected with H1N1 ± TPA at m.o.i. = 1. RNPs were stained with anti-NP mAb and Alexa488-coupled goat anti-mouse Abs (green). The nucleus was counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (blue). Intracellular RNP localization was analyzed at indicated time points p.i. by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. The merger of both channels is shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 583, "image": "PMC2898766_F4_68229.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of QDs with lysosomes. MCF-7 cells were treated with QD655-COOH for 12 h then incubated with LysoTracker Yellow for specific staining of lysosomes. Fluorescence from each channel was recorded and merged. The orange color seen in the stained cells resulted from the merging of the red fluorescence from QDs and the yellow color of the LysoTracker dye. The white bars represent 20 μm", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 584, "image": "PMC2768507_f4-co16-5-76_49079.jpg", "report": "(A) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma showing a tubular growth pattern. (B) Focally, the tumour showed heavy lymphocytic infiltration and small-vessel proliferation. (C) Metastatic adenocarcinoma infiltrating the adventitia of a large venule. Note the garland necrosis. (D) Surrounding hepatic tissue showing macrovesicular steatosis. All panels: Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 585, "image": "PMC2774669_F7_50278.jpg", "report": "Morphological properties of HET-s PFD aggregates present at the final time point of soluble monomer non-seeded aggregation reactions (top panel) or at the final stage of reactions seeded with HET-s(001-289) (top-middle panel), HET-s(157-289) (bottom-middle panel) and HET-s(218-289) IBs (bottom panel) as monitored by transmission electronic microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 586, "image": "PMC1383488_ppat-0020013-g008_4633.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of T. gondii Centrin-2 and DLCFluorescence images (projections of a deconvolved 3D stack) of two different vacuoles (A–C) (D–F), each containing four parasites expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2. Blue brackets in (A–C) mark the position of the apical cap of dynein. Note that the ring of TgCentrin2 spots is always positioned at the lower border of this cap. The arrowheads in (D–F) indicate the faint basal ring of dynein that lies adjacent to the basal spot of centrin2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 587, "image": "PMC2770038_F8_49600.jpg", "report": "Topography of αSMA positive cells 7 days after pneumonectomy. Photomicrograph (400× magnification) with αSMA (green), BrdU (red) and nuclei (blue), illustrating αSMA staining around a vessel, but not in surrounding alveoli or associated with BrdU positive cells. Similar results were seen at 3 days after pneumonectomy and in sham-operated animals (results not shown).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 588, "image": "PMC2527805_fig7_27203.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical visualisation of COX-1, COX-2, EP1 receptor and FasL in human colon cancer. (A) Cyclooxygenase-2 and FasL, (B) COX-1 and FasL and (C) EP1 receptor and FasL immunostaining in cancer cells, with the upper and lower panels representing different colon cancer specimens. Specific protein stained brown. (D) Rabbit, goat and mouse controls demonstrated no staining. Representative micrographs are shown. Original magnification: × 300.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 589, "image": "PMC2714488_F4_42006.jpg", "report": "Transmission of hypovirulence and its associated traits of strain XG36-1. A, the colony of hygromycin-resistant gene labelled strain XG36-1A34R was converted when dual culturing with hypovirulent strain XG36-1(red triangle). B, the hyphae at the colony margin of strain XG36-1A34R branched excessively as strain XG36-1 did. C, converted strain XG36-1A34R also lost virulence on detached rapeseed leaves.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 590, "image": "PMC549033_F4_1291.jpg", "report": "Phenotype analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor site in responder patient 1. Obvious infiltration of a larger number of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and a small number of CD20+ B cells is shown. Indirect staining using anti-CD4, CD8, CD20 or CD56 MoAb as primary Ab and goat anti-mouse Ab as secondary Ab was performed. Magnification × 200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 591, "image": "PMC2693426_F6_39648.jpg", "report": "CLSM specificity analysis of GM130 and EEA1 labeling. Isosurface representation of the cell shows the nucleus (blue) labeled with Hoechst 33342, Golgi complex (GM130) and endosomal system (EEA1) (red) within a three-dimensional volumetric x-y-z data field. Scale bar = 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 592, "image": "PMC3040715_F3_87493.jpg", "report": "STED microscopy dissecting the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in cultured striatal neurons. The 5 × 3 mosaic shows a comparision of the confocal (left) and STED images (middle) of the Alexa-594 immunolabelled α3 NKA in dendritic spines. Postprocessing of the raw STED data by a Richardson-Lucy deconvolution further enhances the details as shown in the right row of images. Scale bar: 500 nm", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 593, "image": "PMC3014736_f04_82861.jpg", "report": "\nScopelodes contracta larva on a Celtis sinensis leaf just after reaching the ground by parachuting. Scale bar: 10 mm. High quality figures are available online.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 594, "image": "PMC2438330_F1_24699.jpg", "report": "Expression of AMACR in HCC and non-HCC tissue. A, normal liver tissue (background staining, grade 0). B, hepatocellular adenoma (background staining, grade 0). C, cirrhotic nodules (weakly positive, grade 1+). D, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (strongly positive, grade 3+). (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification ×200)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 595, "image": "PMC1810241_F4_9896.jpg", "report": "Morphological changes of cell cultures infected with WR and Wyeth strains at 3 days post-infection. (A) Plaque formation in Vero E6 and EA.hy926 cells. (B) Morphological changes of CV-1, primary mouse lung cells (Lung), MLEC and primary mouse kidney cells (Kidney) at 200 × magnification. Cells were infected with WR or Wyeth strains at m.o.i. 1 and observed after 2 days post-infection.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 596, "image": "PMC3008598_fig1_81937.jpg", "report": "IHC pictures using anti-Src family negative regulatory [pY] site antibody and Clone28 antibody; magnification × 400. (A) Illustrates invasive breast cancer immunohistochemically stained with anti-Src family negative regulatory (pY) site antibody (Invitrogen, 1 : 1500); moderate staining of nuclei, weak staining of cell cytoplasm and membrane can be seen. (B) Demonstrates strong perinuclear staining in invasive breast cancer stained with Clone28 antibody (Invitrogen, 1 : 500).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 597, "image": "PMC2180173_F2_15882.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 598, "image": "PMC2955717_F1_76144.jpg", "report": "Electron micrograph of phage LSB-1. Electron micrographs of the phages with a short, stout tail. The polyhedral nature of the viral head is shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 599, "image": "PMC1936995_F2_12566.jpg", "report": "high power H & E stain and S100 stain of biopsy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 600, "image": "PMC3012086_pone-0015741-g004_82598.jpg", "report": "Optical projection tomography of 5F7-LacZ stained embryos.Optical projection tomography (OPT) images of selected LacZ stained embryos. One representative embryo for each orthologous mouse human and chicken enhancer was selected. Arrowheads highlight expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Top: sagittal sections. Bottom: frontal sections. (Right) In situ hybridisations for Olig1 and Olig2 genes.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 601, "image": "PMC2330033_F7_20763.jpg", "report": "Double immunostaining of IgG extravasation and the expression of GFAP. Cholesterol-enriched diet markedly enhanced the immunopositive staining of GFAP (green) around the sites where IgG extravasation (red) was present. These effects were blocked by caffeine at the dose of 3 mg/day. Representative images taken from 2 rabbits in each group with 6 sections from each animal are shown. Bar = 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 602, "image": "PMC1502135_F3_6048.jpg", "report": "Increased level of apoptosis in the gonads of Skp2-/- mice. (A, B) TUNEL staining of testicular sections of Skp2+/+ (A) or Skp2-/- (B) mice at 4 months of age. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) The number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells per 100 Sertoli cells. *P < 0.05 versus Skp2+/+. (D) Ultrastructural image of typical apoptotic figures (arrowheads) at late postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in a Skp2-/- mouse at 4 months of age. Scale bar, 5 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 603, "image": "PMC1937022_pone-0000754-g002_12650.jpg", "report": "Expression of Hoxd genes in catshark pectoral fins.Stages of development indicated in lower right corners of each panel. (A–D) Whole mount in situ hybridizations showing expression of Hoxd9 (A), Hoxd10 (B), Hoxd12 (C) and Hoxd13 (D). Pect, Pectoral fin bud; Cl, cloaca. Note anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 in distal fin at stage 32. Arrows mark anterior limits of expression. Yellow dotted lines in the left column mark the anterior boundaries of expression at stage 22.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 604, "image": "PMC2410161_fig1_23913.jpg", "report": "Negative liver staining for SCCA variants by immunohistochemistry in normal human liver (staging liver biopsy from a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease). Original magnification: × 20.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 605, "image": "PMC2654462_F3_35913.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of the antigen of McAb4E7. (A and B) The targeting antigen mainly located in the cellar membrane both in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (C) A little expression of the targeting antigen could be seen in the cytoplasm in the adjacent nontumourous lung tissues (D) The targeting antigen was not be found in the SCLC tissues; Magnifications: A-D × 40.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 606, "image": "PMC2483279_F4_25823.jpg", "report": "Primary culture of Sertoli cells from EGFP transgenic mice (FM131) transfected with pGtoR. The analysis was performed at 120 h (A, B and C) and 140 h (D, E and F) after transfection. Green fluorescence (excitation wavelength 488 nm) (A and D). Red fluorescence (B and E). Merge (C and F). Transfected cells (as demonstrated by red fluorescence) are indicated by arrows. Bar represents 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 607, "image": "PMC3002327_F1_81193.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of GSK-3β in ALL cells. Bone marrow samples were obtained from children with ALL and from control patients. GSK-3β was probed with Dylight 549-labeled anti-rabbit secondary antibody (red fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue fluorescence). Nuclear accumulation of GSK-3β in ALL cells was detected, whereas only cytoplasmic expression of GSK-3β was observed in control cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 608, "image": "PMC2942817_F1_74109.jpg", "report": "Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 609, "image": "PMC2222674_F2_17036.jpg", "report": "Result of FISH analysis using LSI probe (TUPLE 1) from DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region. TUPLE 1 (HIRA) probe was labeled in Spectrum Orange and Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in SpectrumGreen as control. Absence of the orange signal indicates deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus at 22q11.2.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 610, "image": "PMC3034990_fig1_86539.jpg", "report": "Peridural fibrosis at the sham operated (untreated; group A) site showing increased numbers of fibroblasts which are consistent with fibrosis formation (Arrows; Hematoxylin and eosin; ×400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 611, "image": "PMC2335107_F7_20789.jpg", "report": "Histological examples of alveolar edema (25*), septal edema (100*) and intra-alveolar hemorrhage (40*) on HE slides. LIRI caused alveolar and septal edema and alveolar hemorrhages, which were most severe on day 1 and 3 after LIRI and resolved thereafter. On day 7 brownish macrophages were found after clearance of erythrocytes in the alveolus. HE = Haematoxylin and Eosin staining; LIRI = Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 612, "image": "PMC2361857_fig2_21574.jpg", "report": "Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 613, "image": "PMC3022910_F5_84726.jpg", "report": "Chloroplast localization of SVR3. Representative wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts transiently expressing the control GFP vector ([A]-[C]) or the P35S:SVR3 CTP:GFP vector ([D]-[F]). Green fluorescence signals from GFP ([A] and [D]) and chlorophyll autofluorescence ([B] and [E]) were monitored by confocal microscopy. (C) and (F) are merged images from (A) &(B) and (D) &(E), respectively. Bar represents 5 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 614, "image": "PMC3078860_F5_92673.jpg", "report": "Histological section of the papillary renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole with a papillary, tubulopapillary and cystic growth pattern of cancer cells (hematoxylin and eosin counterstain, magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 615, "image": "PMC1794249_F2_9324.jpg", "report": "Morphology of cultured adult rat RGCs. The cells, cultured for 3 (A & B), 7 (C & D), and 11 (E & F) days, were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody (red) and DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (B), (D), are (F) are the corresponding phase-contrast images. Scale bar = 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 616, "image": "PMC2395272_fig4_23255.jpg", "report": "Microscopic changes of tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU. (A) Untreated tumour blood vessels; (B) destruction of tumour vascularity with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media, H&E staining × 400. (C) untreated tumour vessel wall; (D) destroyed tumour blood vessels with the collapse and disruption of vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin, Victoria blue and ponceau's histochemical staining × 400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 617, "image": "PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89192.jpg", "report": "Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 618, "image": "PMC2824827_pone-0009318-g004_57392.jpg", "report": "Examination of brain tissues and eyes by H&E staining.Embryos at 48 hpf after control or nestin MO injection were sectioned at midbrain (A and B) and hindbrain (C and D) levels. Tissues were stained with H&E. Eyes at the midbrain level were visualized and shown in E and F. The scale bar is 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 619, "image": "PMC1289279_F3_3878.jpg", "report": "Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 620, "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 621, "image": "PMC1994067_F2_13819.jpg", "report": "Typical FESEM images and TEM images of the γ-Mn3O4 spheres with radiated spherulitic nanorods. a: FESEM image at a low magnification, indicating that the γ-Mn3O4 spheres can be fabricated on a large scale. b: FESEM image at a high magnification, revealing the nanorods were fixed on the surfaces of the spheres. c: TEM image of the γ-Mn3O4 radiated spherulitic nanorods. d: The corresponding SAED pattern of the γ-Mn3O4 products.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 622, "image": "PMC1885430_F3_11299.jpg", "report": "Kidney biopsy showing mesangial proliferative changes (haematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification ×100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 623, "image": "PMC1174941_F3_2438.jpg", "report": "Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is present in the arthritic joint. PAD4 was detected in infiltrating cells (a), localised to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (c,e). Unimmunised animals were negative for PAD4 staining (f). Immunohistochemical stainings were performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody. Control staining was performed with preimmune rabbit sera (b,d) (Original magnifications: ×40 (a,b,f); ×200 (c-e)).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 624, "image": "PMC2774948_pone-0007908-g003_50321.jpg", "report": "Effect of time on epithelialization.All skin equivalents demonstrated a stratified epithelium on the upper surface within one week. With H-Ras overexpression keratinocyte invasiveness typically occurred early and slowed with time. Similar results occurred with all H-Ras permutations. All but Ker-CT-Ras-T retained some ability to cornify. Upper images, 40× total magnification; lower images, 400× total magnification. Scale bar: 100 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 625, "image": "PMC2720210_fig2_42695.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ANX2 in primary RCC and its metastases. (A) Grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma, (B) grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma, (C, D) ANX2 is highly expressed along the periphery and around vessels. (E) Lung metastasis, (F) bone metastasis, (G) neck lymph node metastasis and (H) brain metastasis. Magnification at × 20; Scale bar, 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 626, "image": "PMC2435540_F3_24641.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of chlorophyll and the GFP-BC protein in the tGBCch seedlings during greening. The fluorescence images of the Arabidopsis cotyledons during greening for 24 h were observed with confocal microscopy. The GFP-CAO protein and the plastids during greening are indicated by green and red fluorescence, respectively. The green fluorescence of GFP-BC protein was detected only within plastids during greening.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 627, "image": "PMC2164959_F8_15613.jpg", "report": "HPV16 E5, M2 and M3 mutants but not M1 mutant strongly co-localize with calnexin. HaCaT cells were transfected with A) AU1-tagged codon-optimised E5 or AU1- tagged codonoptimised E5 mutants M1 B), M2 C), and M3 D) and analysed after 24 h by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a monoclonal anti-AU1 and polyclonal anticalnexin antibodies.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 628, "image": "PMC2410163_fig3_23916.jpg", "report": "CHEK2 protein expression. Nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma in (A), nonmutated adenocarcinoma in (B). The remaining samples are from the four mutated tumours: adenocarcinomas T1, T2 and T3 shown in (C–E), squamous cell carcinoma T4 shown in (F). Magnification × 100 (B, E), × 50 (A, C, D, F). Note the strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the tumour cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 629, "image": "PMC2777385_pgen-1000750-g004_50866.jpg", "report": "Abnormal localization of collagen in CypB–deficient cells.MEFs prepared from wild-type (WT) or CypB knockout mice (KO) were cultured with or without 24hr stimulation with ascorbic acid (+AS). Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and co-stained for intracellular collagen and the Golgi marker GM130 (A) or the ER-resident protein PDI (B). (bar = 40 µm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 630, "image": "PMC2906480_F1_69186.jpg", "report": "The D2-40-positive lymphantics mainly located at the layer of submucosa in gastric tissue (arrows). IHC, magnification: ×200.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 631, "image": "PMC2992999_f4-marinedrugs-08-02659_79819.jpg", "report": "Apoptotic morphology induced by cyanobacterial extracts in AML cells. Rat leukemia cells (A: control) were added the aqueous extract of the cyanobacterial strain M27 (B), M30 (C), M44 (D) or 50 nM daunorubicin (DNR, E) as described in the legend to Figure 1, and photomicrographs were taken using differential interference contrast (upper) and UV (lower). Bar represent 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 632, "image": "PMC2776370_F0003_50582.jpg", "report": "Histological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles of the resected tumors; (a) Epithelioid cell proliferation suggests gastrointestinal stromal tumors (H and E, ×400); (b) IHC staining positive for CD-117 (brown color); (c) Predominantly spindle cells (H and E, ×100); (d) IHC showing a diffuse positive signal for CD-34 (H and E, ×100)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 633, "image": "PMC3014813_f04_82900.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea. (A) An anterior view of a lateinstar larval head capsule showing the position of the left mandible (arrow, scale bar = 500 µm). (B) Higher magnification of a single mandible showing the serrated edge that is scraped against the leaf surface (scale bar = 100 µm), High quality figures are available online.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 634, "image": "PMC2890656_F5_67101.jpg", "report": "Observation of subcellular localization using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The subcellular location of wild type and mutant prM was visualized by double-staining of the infected Sf9 cells. The ER compartment was stained with 10 nM DiIC13(3), and the prM proteins were stained with mAb 5B1, followed by goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 647 IgG. Photographs were taken with appropriate excitation laser wavelengths and merged to reveal the co-localization of prM and ER compartment.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 635, "image": "PMC2822849_pone-0009260-g006_56936.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in rats 28 days after the subchronic treatment with fluoxetine.BrdU-positive cells (green) were co-labeled with a neuronal marker, NeuN (A), but not GFAP (B). Scale bars: 400 µm in lower magnification and 40 µm in higher magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 636, "image": "PMC2214726_F1_16674.jpg", "report": "Life stages of Gregarina sp. infecting Romalea microptera grasshoppers. A. Fresh smear of trophozoite with epimerite; B. Gamonts on conjugation-stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin ; C. Gametocyst on sporulation (vertical arrow – unsporulated gametocyst, right arrow – coiled spores, inner picture – gametocyst showing sporoducts); D. Fresh spores", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 637, "image": "PMC1361788_F1_4479.jpg", "report": "TIRF-M images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, \"mGluR1-GFP\", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (19 cells), + Homer 1a (5), + Homer 1b (6), + Homer 1c (9), + Homer 2b (8), + Homer 3 (10).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 638, "image": "PMC2805682_F10_54711.jpg", "report": "Histological observation of the lung in four groups (A-D). (A): The normal lung of group NS (HE × 100); (B) Many metastatic nodes in the lung of group SACC-M (HE × 100); (C) Many metastatic nodes in the lung of group SACC-M-HK (HE × 100); (D) Only a few smaller metastatic nodes in the lung of group SACC-M-WJ4 (HE × 100).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 639, "image": "PMC1664555_F3_7846.jpg", "report": "Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 640, "image": "PMC2770460_F5_49683.jpg", "report": "C-Tpr import into the nucleus is cytosol, temperature and energy dependent and is blocked by WGA. Digitonin-permeabilized NRK cells were incubated with 8 pmoles of Cy5-C-Tpr for 20 min at 30°C (panel A) or 4°C (panel B) in the presence of cytosol and an energy-regenerating system. Panel C: 8 μg WGA was added. Panel D: the ATP regenerating system was replaced by an ATP-depleting system, 0.8885 U hexokinase + glucose. Samples were visualized by confocal microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 641, "image": "PMC2915960_F1_70662.jpg", "report": "Calretinin. Predominantly nuclear, less cytoplasmatic staining. Epithelial type MM, pleura. Biopsy, 400×. Pat. no. 1.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 642, "image": "PMC2174466_F5_15804.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in Physcomitrella after CF treatment and B. cinerea inoculation. Examination of UV-stimulated autofluorescence of B. cinerea-inoculated leaf (A, C), PDB-treated leaf (B), PDB- (D), B. cinerea spores- (E), LB- (F) and CF(SCC1)-treated protonemal filaments (G). A closer view of a CF(SCC1)-treated protonemal cell with cytoplasmic shrinkage and UV-stimulated autofluorescence is shown (H, I). Observations were made 2 days after treatments.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 643, "image": "PMC2546414_F1_27914.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 644, "image": "PMC2844405_F3_60194.jpg", "report": "Left: Artificial mixture of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (Schu S4, red circle) and F. philomiragia (ATCC 25017, green circle), phase contrast microscopy. Right: Fluorescence microscopy after hybridization with probes Bwall1448-Cy3 and Bwphi1448-6-FAM with 50% formamide. The green, pleomorphic cells of F. philomiragia can be easily distinguished from the smaller, coccoid rods of the highly virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain showing red fluorescence.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 645, "image": "PMC2361510_fig2_21485.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression in human lung tissues, using a commercial pan-VGSC antibody. (A and B) SCLC, (C and D), normal lung epithelia. Voltage-gated Na+ channel immunoreactivity showed marked upregulation in SCLC (B\nvs\nD). Left hand panels (A and C) represent phase contrast images, right hand panels (B and D) are bright field images. Scale bar, 15 μm, applicable to all parts of the figure.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 646, "image": "PMC2234406_F2_17387.jpg", "report": "Scanned images of DAB-stained, spotted immobilised rHRP activity. WT, Wildtype; Mutant 1, R118K/R159K/R283K; Mutant 2, R118K/R159K; Mutant 3, R118K/R159K/K232N/K241F/R283K; Mutant 4, R118K/R159K/K232N/K241F. Time points indicated on the left are in hours. DAB coloration indicates peroxidase activity; this was noted within minutes for the immobilisation mutants, whereas plant and wildtype recombinant HRP required a longer time to develop any coloration.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 647, "image": "PMC2253695_fig03_18113.jpg", "report": "Lung histology in WT and TLR2 KO mice after infection with S. pneumoniae PLN. Representative lung tissue slides from WT mice (A, C and E) and TLR2 KO mice (B, D and F) after infection with 5 × 107 cfu S. pneumoniae PLN. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h (A and B), 48 h (C and D) or 72 h (E and F). HE staining: magnification 4×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 648, "image": "PMC3083678_f3-ijms-12-00865_93573.jpg", "report": "Results for puma dataset. (A) Five clusters identified by TESS. (B) Three clusters identified by BAPS5. (C) Three clusters identified by GENELAND. (D) Significant boundary elements (black circles) detected by WOMBSOFT. Small dots indicate sampling sites. Puma habitat is shown in grey.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 649, "image": "PMC1097755_F5_2136.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence microscopy. L. donovani promastigotes transfected with a CPN10/GFP gene chimera on plasmid pIRCPN10::GFP were subjected to bright field microscopy at 63× magnification (panels A-C). The same microscopic fields were viewed under UV excitation at XXX nm (panels D-F). Panels G-I show the overlays.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 650, "image": "PMC2453234_pone-0002754-g003_25250.jpg", "report": "Confocal fluorescence microscope images of PECAM-1 stained sections (50 µm thick) cut from the piriform region of brains fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment.CFDA green fluorescent NCs and brain vessels are shown at different magnifications. Calibration bar = 100 µm. NCs were observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 651, "image": "PMC2885652_f6_66155.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron micrographs of F. magna adhering to keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were incubated 2 h with ALB8 (a, b) or CK05 bacteria (c, d). The cells were then washed and incubated with buffer (a, c) or with plasma (b, d) prior to analysis by transmission electron microscopy. Fibrin fibrils are indicated (arrows). The insert in (d) shows a higher magnification of a fibrin fibril. Scale bars: 0.5 μm (left) and 100 nm (right).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 652, "image": "PMC3072396_pone-0018529-g001_92012.jpg", "report": "Photographic time series of gill lesions in fish exposed to Aurelia aurita under experimental challenge.Times expressed in hours from the start of the experiment. A: Healthy gills from control group (0 hr). B–F: Gills from experimental treatment groups. B: 2 hrs. C: 6 hrs. D: 24 hrs. E: 48 hrs. F: 3 wks. Using haematoxylin and eosin at 200× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 653, "image": "PMC2267462_F3_18988.jpg", "report": "Tissue sections from clinical Biopsies labelled with clone R24.1 mab. On the left panel, a HL tissue section shows intense staining with a membrane and Golgi pattern. On the right panel, an ALCL tissue section shows intense staining of neoplastic ALCL cells. Magnification ×400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 654, "image": "PMC2903469_pntd-0000740-g005_68669.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites imaged post-treatment.Mice (10 per group) were infected in the hind foot pads with 2.5×105\nT. cruzi tdTomato trypomastigotes and the images were taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection. (A) Images from days 5, 7 and 9 post infection. (B) Quantification of the fluorescent signal from mice in panel A at all imaging points.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 655, "image": "PMC2661321_F9_36618.jpg", "report": "Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 656, "image": "PMC555600_F3_1468.jpg", "report": "Strong cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of tumor cells for VEGF in a CUP case. It is shown the characteristic granular cytoplasmic staining pattern and the occasionally weak positive reaction of intervening stromal and endothelial cells (original magnification ×200, counterstained with hematoxylin)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 657, "image": "PMC1533842_F4_6437.jpg", "report": "Identification of infected cells within the trigeminal ganglia. Two days after intracutaneous/intranasal inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam both, red and green fluorescence could be detected in cryosections of the right trigeminal ganglion but never was colocalized. Bars in A and B: 50 μm", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 658, "image": "PMC1184092_F2_2692.jpg", "report": "Thick, deep blue colloid material with bubble pattern in FNA of a benign colloid nodule (Diff-Quik stain, × 250) view).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 659, "image": "PMC2387169_F2_22822.jpg", "report": "ERβ immunostaining on paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer using antibody from Chemicon (40× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 660, "image": "PMC2395306_fig3_23266.jpg", "report": "Evaluation of tumour angiogenesis. Identification of external border of tumour growth at × 40 (A) and × 100 (B) magnification field: I (desmoplastic stroma), II (infiltration zone), and III (tumour). At × 250 magnification field (C and D), it is possible to appreciate the differences in the degree of MVD between tumours.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 661, "image": "PMC2876759_F3_64915.jpg", "report": "Adult trematodes isolated from Vietnamese persons. A) Haplorchis pumilio. B) H. taichui. C) H. yokogawai. D) Stellantchasmus falcatus. (Semichon acetocarmine stained, magnification ×120.)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 662, "image": "PMC2809415_fig2_55306.jpg", "report": "SEM photomicrographs of S. \nepidermidis adhered to acrylic (a)\nand silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells\nadhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 663, "image": "PMC2680324_fig02_38238.jpg", "report": "Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 664, "image": "PMC2206024_F3_16292.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14. New bone can be seen spanning the defect. Some collagen matrix (C) remained at the center of the bone defect (Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification × 40).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 665, "image": "PMC2394489_fig1_23191.jpg", "report": "(A) Score 1. Less than 10% of the cells are stained by anti-Glut-1 (magnification × 10). (B) Score 2. Between 10 and 50% of the cells are stained with Glut-1. Strong membranous staining is seen adjacent to an area of necosis. (magnification × 20). (C) Score 3. More than 50% of cells are stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border. (magnification × 20)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 666, "image": "PMC2405794_F2_23401.jpg", "report": "Dual-tagged wild type and mutant GLUT4 translocates to the plasma membrane in response to insulin stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were transiently transfected with (a) wild type or (b) 4A mutant GLUT4HA-GFP and serum starved for 4 hr, stimulated with 83 nM insulin for 10 min then fixed for confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Green staining shows total GLUT4HA-GFP, red denotes surface exposed HA epitope.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 667, "image": "PMC2928213_F3_72153.jpg", "report": "Quantitative analysis of 3D trajectories on doxorubicin-treated HT1080 cells. Cells cultured during 48 h within 3D matrix or on 2D plastic were incubated with doxorubicin 0 and 5 nM for 24 h and were tracked by videomicroscopy during the last 12 h of drug incubation. Each colour on the figure corresponds to different cells (15 cells per sample). (Bar = 100 μm).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 668, "image": "PMC2275273_F1_19682.jpg", "report": "Clusters of goblet cells (arrow) infiltrated the muscle layer of the appendix. (Hematoxyllin and eosin). Magnification × 300.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 669, "image": "PMC3064593_pone-0018076-g004_91074.jpg", "report": "PlGF-1 stabilizes both AJs and TJs in vitro following VEGF-induced permeability.Representative pictures of confluent cultures of microvascular endothelial cells treated with VEGFA alone or VEGFA followed by hPlGF-1 6 hours later triple stained for VE-cadherin (red), claudin-5 (green) and nuclei (DAPI) and assessed at different times over 24 hours using confocal microscopy. VEGFA and hPlGF-1 were used at 100 ng/ml. Scale bar = 100 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 670, "image": "PMC2881047_F4_65614.jpg", "report": "PDE4 inhibition attenuates tissue remodeling at late stage fibrosis. Representative images of lungs of healthy controls treated with vehicle (a, d) and of mice suffering from fibrosis and treated either with vehicle (b, e) or cilomilast (c, f) at days 14 (a, b, c) and 24 (d, e, f) after bleomycin administration. Hematoxilin-Eosin staining, magnification ×100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 671, "image": "PMC2615013_F2_32268.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical studies of candidates. Representative immunohistochemical staining of normal endometrium and endometriosis tissues for the indicated proteins (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) are shown. The candidates shown exhibit increased expression of both epithelial and stromal cells of the endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 672, "image": "PMC2797761_F1_53469.jpg", "report": "Morphological and functional analysis of mitochondria in cells lacking α1,6-mannosyltransferase activity. (A) DASPMI staining of Kloch1-1 cells and the parental strain. (B) GFP fluorescence of mitochondrial matrix of wt and mutant strains harbouring p426SD11 mtGFP vector. (C) Mitochondrial analysis by electron microscopy of Kloch1-1 cells and the parental strain. Cultures were grown to exponential phase into YPD medium. n, nucleus; m, mitochondrion; cw, cell wall; bar 2 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 673, "image": "PMC517711_F1_485.jpg", "report": "Areas of S1 as defined in cytoarchitectonic studies on 10 post-mortem brains [18, 19]: area 3a occupies the fundus of the central sulcus (dark blue), area 3b the anterior wall of the postcentral gyrus (red), area1 its crown (light blue) and area 2 its posterior wall (green). The black arrow indicates the central sulcus.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 674, "image": "PMC2989377_fig3_79168.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy (10x) showing changes with exudate and ulceration (arrows) that are typical of the pseudomembrane formation seen in pseudomembranous colitis.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 675, "image": "PMC2634709_fig2_33604.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence co-localisation of 8-oxo-dG and MnSOD. DAPI DNA stain (blue), 8-oxo-dG (red) and MnSOD (green). Upper panels, a tumour case with no cytoplasmic 8-oxo-dG (shows nuclear 8-oxo-dG) with abundant cytoplasmic MnSOD staining. Lower panels, represent a tumour case with abundant cytoplasmic 8-oxo-dG and MnSOD demonstrating co-localisation (yellow). Magnification × 40.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 676, "image": "PMC3065880_fig7_91279.jpg", "report": "Modulators of PKC activity do not affect SR-BI distribution in HepG2 cells. HepG2[eGFP-SR-BI] cells were serum starved for 4 hrs and then refed medium containing 5% FBS and either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.5 μM PMA, or 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde and imaged by confocal microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 677, "image": "PMC516018_F2_382.jpg", "report": "Distribution of keratin IFs and HSP70i in hepatocytes from control and GF-fed C3H mice. A, C, E keratin IFs; B, D, F HSP70i; A, B) control; C, D) 2 week treatment; E, F) 5 month treatment. Arrows in E and F indicate reactive MBs with Troma 1 (anti-K8) and anti-HSP70i, respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 678, "image": "PMC1369006_F3_4565.jpg", "report": "Immmunohistochemical staining of SCC tumors. Immunostaining for HIF-1α (SC10790), (Santa Cruz Biotech., Inc. Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was performed on 5 μM sections. Staining was analyzed with horseradish peroxidase-linked goat antimouse (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) Tumors lacking HIF-1α (top panel) and tumors that manifest an exon 12 HIF-1α polymorphism and TSC deletions in exon 36 and 40 (bottom panel).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 679, "image": "PMC3018409_F6_83697.jpg", "report": "3D nuclear staining of telomeres and DNA in U-HO1 RS-cells. A. Representative 2D Z-stack image no. 36 out of 80 shows ring-like multinuclear (blue) RS-cell composed of at least four nuclei of variable size. Arrow identifies a telomere group also shown in B and C. B. 3D reconstruction in surface mode reveals abundant short and very short telomeres (red). C. Combined 3D nuclear staining confirms ring-like nuclear configuration.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 680, "image": "PMC2777157_F3_50733.jpg", "report": "Skin biopsy on May 2008 showing dermal infiltration by a spindle cell tumour (a), which was positive with cytokeratin CAM5.2 immunohistochemical staining (b), and focally positive with Calretinin (c) and mesothelin (d) consistent with sarcomatoid mesothelioma.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 681, "image": "PMC1988826_F1_13792.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of IκBα and p65/RelA in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were treated or not with 20 nM LMB and then fixed, permeabilized and stained with specific antibodies against IκBα and p65/RelA. A secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red (Molecular Probes) was used. Images were taken by confocal microscopy.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 682, "image": "PMC1976425_F7_13680.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 683, "image": "PMC2820463_F3_56538.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of the lesion Focal marked nuclear pleomorphism, with isolated cells having bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei (H&E ×60)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 684, "image": "PMC2725847_F2_43330.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of B cells and follicular dendritic cells in spleens of patients dying of trauma or sepsis. Total B cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (B) compared with that of a trauma patient (A) (magnification ×400). Similarly, follicular dendritic cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (D) compared with that of a trauma patient (C) (magnification ×600).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 685, "image": "PMC2966438_pone-0013762-g002_77606.jpg", "report": "Co-localisation of LRRK2 with ARHGEF7, CDC42 and ACTB in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were double stained for endogenous LRRK2-CY2 and ARHGEF7-CY3, ACTB-CY3 or CDC42-CY3 and analyzed with confocal microscopy (LSM510, Zeiss). Specificity of the antibodies is indicated by immunoblotting. The specificity of the Novus 267 LRRK2 antibody is shown by means of RNAi (Figure S1). Scale bar  = 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 686, "image": "PMC2711085_F1_41604.jpg", "report": "Morphological reorganization of pancreatic islets from prenatal life to adulthood. We localised sympathetic nerve fibres and collagen capsules surrounding the islets by confocal microscopy in longitudinal sections of pancreases. Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; red) and collagen type IV (2nd line, green) at different developmental stages (F19, P1, P20 and adult). Scale bar = 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 687, "image": "PMC2605251_pone-0004066-g009_31588.jpg", "report": "Age-dependent effects of Fp and Fr on the morphology of reconstructed skin after grafting into nude mice.The histology of the different types of three-dimensional reconstructed skin samples was next observed 5 weeks after graft onto nude mice: (A) reconstructed skin containing young Fp; (B) young Fr; (C) old Fp; (D) old Fr. All histological sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and saffron (HES). Scale bars = 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 688, "image": "PMC3037910_F3_86886.jpg", "report": "GPX4 in nigral inclusions of PD brain. A. GPX4 expression (dark grey Ni-DAB, white arrowheads) coincides with AS-positive Lewy bodies (blue BCIP, marked by black arrowheads) in SN. Black arrows indicate neuromelanin. B. Confocal microscope images of two cells showing relationship of GPX4 (green) to AS (magenta). The above example shows some co-localization of GPX4 with AS within a Lewy body, while the below example shows GPX4 only around the Lewy body perimeter. Scale bars: A, 20 μm, B, 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 689, "image": "PMC2722669_F8_43070.jpg", "report": "Contrasting regulation of tight junctions among VHL mutants of different disease types in RCC10. RCC10 cells lines (as indicated; all created by retroviral infection) were grown to confluence on coverslips and immunostaining for ZO-1 (left panels) was performed (original magnification of 1000×). DAPI labeled nuclei of corresponding cells are also shown (right panels).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 690, "image": "PMC3038111_F0003_86899.jpg", "report": "Light micrograph of control specimen with higher magnification. The RPE cells are plump-shaped and regularly arranged (arrow), (Toluidine blue × 500).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 691, "image": "PMC2823760_F5_57154.jpg", "report": "Case 9. The cell formations resemble Wagner-Meissner corpuscles. These are spherical and aggregated (haematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification ×640).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 692, "image": "PMC3060850_F3_90533.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of livers. Mice that had been orally inoculated with PBS (A, B), HV-negative strain 1084 (C, D), or HV-positive strain 1112 (E, F) (in diabetic mice) (A, C, E) with inoculums of 105 CFU or in naive mice with inoculums of 108 CFU (B, D, F) were euthanized at seven days post-inoculation. Arrows indicate the area of PMN infiltration and aggregation (100 × magnification). Scale bar represents a distance of 1 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 693, "image": "PMC3016406_F1_83164.jpg", "report": "Morphological changes in hybrid poplar suspension-cultured cells treated with TA and habituated to TA. A-D Confocal microscopy imaging of hybrid poplar cells stained with fluorescein diacetate: A treated with methanol for 24 h; B treated with TA (1.0 μM) for 24 h; C habituated to 1.7 μM TA; D TA(-)hab cells. Bar = 50 μm. E-L Electron microscopy imaging of 5-day-old non-habituated hybrid poplar cells (E and I) and 5-day-old TA(-)hab cells (F-H, J-L). n = nucleus; cw = cell wall; v = vacuole.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 694, "image": "PMC2913988_F4_70463.jpg", "report": "Representative MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection during the estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background) for all MMPs and TIMPs. (A-D) MMP-2 immunostaining, (E-H) MMP-9 immunostaining, (I-L) MMP-14 immunostaining, (M-P) TIMP-1 immunostaining, and (Q-T) TIMP-2 immunostaining. Insets show negative control immunostaining (no primary antibody present).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 695, "image": "PMC2566591_pone-0003378-g004_28725.jpg", "report": "A–B, Immunohistochemistry for TH in the substantia nigra.High power view (10× and 20× magnification respectively) of TH-ir neurons in the substantia nigra employing the citraconic anhydride solution. Note the enhancement in the intensity and morphology (somas more preserved and processes more delineated) compared to the conventional immunostaining method (C–D). Scale bar: A and C 100 µm; B and D 50 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 696, "image": "PMC2784772_F5_52003.jpg", "report": "in situ hybridization analysis of Tnp2 expression during recovery after irradiation. ISH analysis of Tnp2 expression during recovery in adult mouse testis after irradiation with 1 Gy. A control, pi days 14, 24 and 38 were shown. Low magnification images of whole testis are shown (left) together with a higher magnification of a representative part of the testis (right). The bars correspond to 100 μm. ISH from additional pi days can be found in Additional file 3.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 697, "image": "PMC1779781_F2_8768.jpg", "report": "Imaging of location-based biosensors with subcellular resolution. A) Images of GFP-actin (top panel) and GFP-PH (lower panel) were collected from the medial section of cells using a confocal microscope. Note that GFP-PH translocated from the membrane to the cytosol in cells following UV-A exposure, but not in non-exposed (control) cells. The post-irradiation time is indicated in the images.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 698, "image": "PMC2883150_fig1_65809.jpg", "report": "Representative images of heterogeneous LASP-1-expression in human invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of LASP-1 (DAB, brown, magnification × 20). (A) No LASP-1-expression (grade 0). (B) Low LASP-1-expression (grade 1). (C) Medium LASP-1-expression (grade 2). (D) High LASP-1-expression (grade 3). Arrows in (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 699, "image": "PMC2777141_F7_50714.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of SP-A. Fluorescence microscopic pictures of sections immunostained with SP-A antibody (green) and nuclear DAPI staining (blue). For fetal lung tissue (22 weeks old) (magnification 200×) (A) and hESC cultured with the ALI differentiation protocol at day 20 (VUB03_DM1 (B (magnification 400×) Pictures of sections in a perpendicular direction are shown on three different cell lines: VUB07 (C), VUB03_DM1 (D) and VUB04_CF (E).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 700, "image": "PMC2807853_F4_55076.jpg", "report": "Alpha-BSM® at 1 month. Masson's tricrome staining and 2× magnification of decalcified bone with calcium phosphate appearing as a still relatively compact matter. The osteoconduction process and newly formed bone were of limited grade and localized onto the interface (black arrows) between the edge of the original bone defect and the implant surface. (New bone = blue, Alpha-BSM = red)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 701, "image": "PMC2408776_f1_23525.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterization of primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures. Immunohistochemical assays on the TM cells were positive for fibronectin (A), laminin (B), vimentin (C), neuronal specific enolase (D) and negative for the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII (E), which indicated that the primary cultures obtained from normal and POAG individuals were indeed TM cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 702, "image": "PMC2869161_fig1_64021.jpg", "report": "Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 703, "image": "PMC2266759_F2_18785.jpg", "report": "Maximum intensity projections of details from four of the stacks used for collection of spine data. The images are shown \"raw\" and have not undergone post-processing, such as contrast-enhancement (only rotation and resampling for screen-fit and printing purposes) (A-D). A screen shot of a three-dimensional (3-D) animation of one of the analyzed dendrites illustrates the 3-D advantage of the method (E). The letters t, m and s exemplify thin, mushroom and stubby spines, respectively.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 704, "image": "PMC2170428_fig06_15732.jpg", "report": "Requirements of supplemental iron for biofilm formation and synthesis of C56–C68 fatty acids. M. smegmatis biofilms were grown for 4 days, with supplemental ferric iron induced in the following concentrations: none (A), 0.5 μM (B), 1 μM (C), 2 μM (D) and 5 μM (E). Samples were harvested, mycolic acids extracted, and analysed by MALDI-TOF as shown in the right. The position of the series of C56–C68 fatty acids is indicated above.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 705, "image": "PMC2650710_F1_35338.jpg", "report": "Micrographs of immunohistochemistry on two breast cancer cryostat sections showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 (redbrown), in (A-C) tumour cells and (D) vascular vessels. 40× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 706, "image": "PMC1164403_F1_2369.jpg", "report": "Examples of the different immunostaining patterns obtained using the antibody clones 22-1-1 and Ab-1 in normal glandular tissues. Mucosa of the corpus of stomach (a, b; magnification × 10) and (c, d; magnification × 45). Colonic mucosa (e, f; magnification × 25), (g; magnification × 60) and (h; magnification × 50). Prostatic glands (i; magnification × 60) and (j; magnification × 50).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 707, "image": "PMC2816995_pone-0009054-g006_56230.jpg", "report": "Double staining of BrdU and vGluT mRNA.(A, B) Confocal images of sections dually stained by anti-BrdU antibody (green) and an antisense riboprobe against vGluT mRNA (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate BrdU-positive nuclei surrounded by a vGluT signal as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (C, D) No signal is detected by a sense probe against vGluT mRNA. Magnifications of objective lenses were 63× (A, C) or 100× (B, D). Scale bars: 20 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 708, "image": "PMC3083698_f2-ijms-12-01175_93590.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the biofoam. (a) and (b), The 1% biofoam exhibits filaments; (c) and (d), the 4% biofoam presents a leaf-based structure.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 709, "image": "PMC1952073_pone-0000844-g007_13318.jpg", "report": "Live cell confocal microscopy confirms NDRG1 involvement with recycling E-cadherin.Live cell confocal images of stable NDRG1DsRed2-HEK293 cells transfected transiently with E-cadherinEGFP construct and plated in calcium-supplemented media after being chelated with EDTA shows NDRG1DsRed2 positive vesicles interact with recycling E-cadherinEGFP both near the perinuclear space and close to the membrane. The image is a still from Movie S4.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 710, "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 711, "image": "PMC2816659_fig5_56166.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent images of cells overexpressing class III β-tubulin after drug exposure. MCF-7-control, MCF-7-TUBB3, MDA-MB-231-control and MDA-MB-231-TUBB3 cells were treated for 48 h with STX140, paclitaxel or colchicine at concentrations close to IC50 values obtained in control cells and stained with FITC-anti-tubulin (tubulin) and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Images were taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 712, "image": "PMC2650704_F1_35334.jpg", "report": "Vascular defects in Snai1-cko embryos. (a-d) PECAM-1 immunostained E8.5 littermate control (a) and Snai1-cko (b-d) embryos. (d) Higher magnification view of the dorsal region of a different embryo showing endothelial cell aggregates (arrow). (e, f) VE-cadherin immunostained E8.5 control (e) and Snai1-cko (f) embryos. Asterisks indicate discontinuous vessels, and arrows point to isolated aggregates of PECAM-1 positive cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 713, "image": "PMC3025950_F5_85381.jpg", "report": "Expression of hematopoietic markers in HD cells following HIV infection. Immunohistochemistry of HD-HIV cells, fluorescent images indicate the expression of CCR5, CCR4, NOS2, and CXCR4. Right panel shows the DIC images of identical fields. Images were obtained with Leica TCS SP-2 confocal microscope. Scale bar 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 714, "image": "PMC2360755_fig2_21354.jpg", "report": "Tumour vascular destructive effect and haemorrhagic necrosis upon Hi-based ILP. Pictures of representative tumour histology (HE) and vascular destruction (CD31) right after ILP with DXR, Hi or DXR + Hi are shown. Orange bar on × 16 magnification pictures corresponds to 100 μm and red bar on × 40 magnification to 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 715, "image": "PMC1808440_F5_9810.jpg", "report": "Histiocytic sarcoma. Residual follicular dendritic cells are strongly positive for CD21. (B-SA, anti-CD21, original magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 716, "image": "PMC2944848_pone-0012941-g002_74451.jpg", "report": "Hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice.Masson's trichrome stained liver sections from mice injected for 9 weeks with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs and subjected to treatment with saline or anti-TNF. Images were photographed at 200X magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 717, "image": "PMC1557511_F3_6819.jpg", "report": "Absence of ChAT in embryonic mouse ovary and morphology of ChAT (-/-) mouse ovary. A: ChAT is not detectable using immunohistochemical methods in a mouse ovary at day 18 p.c. Bar = 50 μm. B-C: H.E. stained sections of the ovary of an embryonic (day 18 p.c.) age-matched wild-type ovary (+/+) and a mutant mouse null for ChAT (-/-). Bars = 60 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 718, "image": "PMC2683874_F15_38678.jpg", "report": "Correlation between drug targeting and betweenness of nodes. yFiles Circular Layout of AM network that emphasizes the nodes with high betweenness. The nodes with high betweenness are localized on the left half of the circle (blue colour and highest density of the edges). These proteins are characterized by their propensity to be drug targets, as shown with the major size of nodes.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 719, "image": "PMC2861660_F2_63163.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of porin, complex II and complex III of NB, adjacent adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Immunohistochemical staining of porin (a, d, g), complex II subunit 70 kDa Fp (b, e, h) and complex III subunit Core2 (c, f, i) in unaffected adrenal tissue (a, b, c) and unaffected adrenal medulla (d, e, f) was compared to the adjacent NB tumor tissue (g, h, i). Magnification: Figure 2a - c 200×, Figure 2d - i 400×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 720, "image": "PMC2823169_F0002_57010.jpg", "report": "Morphological evaluation of periprosthetic biopsies. A. Minimal debris and no significant reaction; H and E staining, ×10. B. Significant debris mostly within macrophages; H and E staining, ×20. C. Massive debris and extensive reaction; H and E staining, ×10. D. Macrophages filled with alumina particles at higher magnification; H and E staining, ×60.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 721, "image": "PMC2805894_F0002_54731.jpg", "report": "Scan pattern of trabecular (t) and marrow space (l) path lengths", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 722, "image": "PMC1513245_F8_6089.jpg", "report": "Representative sections of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. A: Mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma. B: Mammaglobin A expression in invasive lobular carcinoma. C: Mammaglobin A expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. D: Mammaglobin A expression in an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Note that mammaglobin A is not expressed equally in all cells. Magnification: 400 ×.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 723, "image": "PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53665.jpg", "report": "Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 724, "image": "PMC2956457_fig7_76165.jpg", "report": "Double fluorescence immunolabeling (green signal: anti-c-kit Ab; red signal anti-insulin Ab) under confocal laser microscopy of NPI cell monolayers cultivated for 7 (a), (d), 14 (b), (e), and 21 (c), (f) days, alone (a)–(c) or with SC (d)–(f). Bar =10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 725, "image": "PMC548140_F2_1242.jpg", "report": "No significant apoptosis was found in TIIcells upon hyperoxia in vivo for 48 hrs. Lung tissue of normoxic rats (left) and of hyperoxic rats (right) were tested for DNA fragmentation by TUNEL reaction as described in Materials and Methods. The positive TUNEL reaction is represented by green fluorescence. The presence of lamellar bodies is indicated by red fluorescence. Pseudo-colour blue was used to highlight the contours of lung tissue. Bar: 25 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 726, "image": "PMC2364801_fig3_21759.jpg", "report": "Examples of an invasive (A) and a practically noninvasive (B) tumour in a brain slice. Each of the two image montages is composed of six contiguous microscopic fields (× 100, 0.76 mm2). To avoid out-of-focus fluorescent glow and to facilitate tumour cell recognition, each image of glioma cells was separately segmented using grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms (KS400 3.0), and the resulting binary image was overlaid in grey.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 727, "image": "PMC2394393_fig4_23182.jpg", "report": "β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (A) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows preserved β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170; (B) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows reduced β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 728, "image": "PMC2375213_fig5_22280.jpg", "report": "H&E staining of sections from Panc-1 (A), Panc-1/BAI11 (B), and Panc-1/LacZ 1 (C) tumours (magnification, ×10). Large areas of necrosis in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples. Also, the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 in human Panc-1 (D), Panc-1/BAI11 (E), and Panc-1/LacZ (F) tumours from immunodeficient mice (magnification,×40) showed a decreased vascular index (G) in the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 729, "image": "PMC2803165_F6_53987.jpg", "report": "Early carcinoma (H&E, oil immersion, 400-fold magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 730, "image": "PMC3048549_F2_88958.jpg", "report": "The histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the patient with ACD. (A) H&E staining indicated hyperkeratotic epidermis and amorphous eosinophilic masses in the papillary dermis. (original magnification × 40). (B) Congo red staining indicated positive for eosinophilic masses. (original magnification × 100). (C) The immunohistochemical examination indicated negative for HMB-45. (original magnification × 100)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 731, "image": "PMC1831740_pmed-0040108-g005_10130.jpg", "report": "\nOLIG1 Immunohistochemistry on a Lung Tissue Array\nOLIG1 immunohistochemistry on (A and E) tumor-free lung, (B) an OLIG1 negative adenocarcinoma, and (F) an OLIG1 negative SCC; (C) a low OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (G) a low OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown; (D) a high OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (H) a high OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown. All images were acquired at 400× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 732, "image": "PMC2748705_pone-0007243-g003_46649.jpg", "report": "500 nm magnifications of minichromosomes assembled without or with each somatic H1.The same techniques as in Figure 2 were used. The horizontal bar corresponds to 100 nm and the grid size is 500 nm. The vertical scale is shown.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 733, "image": "PMC2777305_pone-0007986-g007_50818.jpg", "report": "MSP142 co-localizes with fetal endothelial cells following perfusion.MSP142 (green staining) co-localizes with CD31 (PECAM-1, red staining) indicating its presence in and around the fetal vascular endothelial cells (upper and lower panels for placentas 1 and 5 respectively). Similar co-localization was observed for placentas 2 and 3 (not shown). The upper panels are at 400× and lower at 200× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 734, "image": "PMC2824845_fig1_57416.jpg", "report": "Time-lapse imaging of YFP–CBP. HEK293 cells were transfected with 1 μg pEYFP–CBP expression plasmid. Image capture was initiated approximately 14 h post-transfection at 5 min intervals for 4 h. The images shown were deconvolved and merged to produce the composite images. The insets in the top left hand corner show a higher magnification of the selected region, highlighting the formation of CBP-containing nuclear bodies and their relative migration during the experiment.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 735, "image": "PMC2945357_F2_74636.jpg", "report": "The coumarin dyes are fixable. Zebrafish larvae at 6 dpf were stained with BODEC (A) or DIBPBC (B) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The retinas were sectioned and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The zebrafish retinas are clearly visualized similar to the in vivo imaging.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 736, "image": "PMC2996806_f3-ijms-11-03922_80446.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of P. aeruginosa incubated with the optimum concentration of ethanolic leaf extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (A) Control (absence of extract); (B) disruption and lysis of membrane integrity; (C) wrinkled abnormalities and cleft formation; (D) abnormal breaking of cell.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 737, "image": "PMC2839371_fig4_59317.jpg", "report": "Demonstration of cellular details in the soft tissue region of articular cartilage. (a) Original sliced data, (b) 10× digitally magnified (median-filtered) region of a lacuna doublet with their chondrocytes in the centres, (c) correspondence with SEM/FIB and (d) rendering of the 10× magnified data and volume estimation for the frontal lacuna (three-dimensional reconstruction).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 738, "image": "PMC1762394_pone-0000023-g006_8212.jpg", "report": "Mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors were injected intravenously with 2 million HB1.F3.C1 cells pre-labeled with CM-DiI Red Cell Tracker.Normal and tumor-bearing organs were harvested, sectioned, and stained with DAPI. HB1.F3.C1 cells were not detected in normal (A) brain, (B) kidney, (C) heart, (D) intestine, or (E) skin tissue.Rare, single, HB1.F3.C1 cells (white arrows) were seen in (F) lung, (G) liver and (H) spleen.Scale bars: 200 µm (A–E), 100 µm (F–H).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 739, "image": "PMC2606030_pone-0004104-g004_31711.jpg", "report": "Pqbp-1.1-Venus fusion protein expression in adult nematode.Expression in the pharynx decreases. Intestinal cells keep a high expression level of pqbp-1.1-Venus in adult worms. Arrowheads indicate intestinal cells. Somatic gonads show no expression of pqbp-1.1-Venus. In the tail region, fluorescence was detected in several neurons (arrows).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 740, "image": "PMC1868920_F1_10895.jpg", "report": "FGFR1 gene amplification in breast cancer. (a) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) with (b) one or two copies of FGFR1 (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630). (c) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) harbouring (d) FGFR1 gene amplification (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 741, "image": "PMC2920267_F6_71127.jpg", "report": "Cellular ultrastructure following HG treatment. Transmission electron microscopy depicts the change in cellular ultrastructure following HG (30 mM) exposure (magnification × 6,000). It can be seen that normal HAECs present with few microfilaments and a rough endoplasmic reticulum (A). After exposure to HG, microfilamentation and a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm (B). These changes were attenuated by treatment with irbesartan (C). 1 bar = 4 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 742, "image": "PMC2601018_f1-co15-6-293_31251.jpg", "report": "Hepatic biopsy showing normal liver in lower quadrant, with neoplastic clusters (arrows) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 20x× magnification).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 743, "image": "PMC2628312_f6_32673.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization of MUC4 and MUC5AC mRNA. MUC5AC mRNA decreased (D) and MUC4 mRNA (B) increased expression in the conjunctiva of transgenic mice compared with those of their control littermates (A and C). Magnification, 200X.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 744, "image": "PMC2912868_F5_70302.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural characterization of sarcomeres in ultrathin cross-sections of TA from control (top) and tumor-bearing (bottom) mice observed by transmission EM. A disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization at the level of the A-band is observed upon tumor burden. Bar = 250 nm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 745, "image": "PMC2360640_fig3_21312.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of CD70 in RCCs. CD70 expression throughout the carcinoma tissues of frozen sections of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is shown (panels i–iii) relative to an isotype matched control antibody (panel iv). CD70 expression was not seen in normal kidney tissues (panel v). Panels i–v all show images at × 20 magnification. Panel vi shows a higher power (× 40) image of a CD70-positive ccRCC tissue demonstrating the plasma membrane expression of CD70 in the carcinoma cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 746, "image": "PMC2763286_pgen-1000712-g003_48199.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic observation of morphology for sperm maturation in testis and epididymis.The head-tail junction in testicular sperm of wild-type (A) and OAZ-t null mutant (B) is shown. The sperm tail in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis (C,D) was improperly arranged at the head tail junction. Arrows indicate the abnormal head-tail jounction. Bar = 1.0 µm (A–D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 747, "image": "PMC2973936_F1_78000.jpg", "report": "Derivation of clonal hAFS cell lines by the starter cell method. (A) and (B) A hAFS starter cell of fibroblastic type (arrow) was found early after a routine amniocentesis culture, (C) the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line at 48 h in the primary culture dish, (D) morphology of hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method at subculture passage 3.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 748, "image": "PMC2952819_fig10_75611.jpg", "report": "PAS staining of 5 μm-thick left lobe lung sections from (a) C57Bl/6 filtered air-exposed, (b) C57Bl/6 OVA-exposed, (c) NOS1−/− OVA-exposed, and (d) NOS3−/− OVA-exposed mice. Images were taken at 400× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 749, "image": "PMC3080330_F6_92960.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for DNMTs in 125I seed implanted pancreatic cancer. Representative staining sections for DNMT1 (upper), DNMT3b (middle) and DNMT3a (lower) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The brownish yellow spots represent positive staining. Scale bars represent 500 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 750, "image": "PMC3040871_F0001_87566.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron MicrophotographsScanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol (a), aceclofenac-loaded proliposomes was recorded at 60 X magnifications (b) and at 200 X magnification to characterize surface properties of the proliposomes (c).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 751, "image": "PMC2895884_F0004_68057.jpg", "report": "Ovoid pseudo-fungal structures among a) acellular debris with b) some that appear to have a cell wall and c) others that appear unencapsulated. (Pap stain; original magnification ×600).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 752, "image": "PMC2793897_f3_52920.jpg", "report": "Two-dimensional dichlorofluorescein fluorescent photomicrographs of as human corneal endothelial cells. The cells revealed higher intensity of fluorescence at higher concentrations of tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). The clusterin-treated group showed lower dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, compared to the control.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 753, "image": "PMC1848005_F5_10317.jpg", "report": "Photograph showing resected tumour with eyeball exenteration.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 754, "image": "PMC1112617_F1_2192.jpg", "report": "LMP1 immunostaining on tissue sections of NPC samples. A. Intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47 year old patient (score 12, 400X) B. Intense LMP1 expression in a limited area in an NPC biopsy from a 17 year old patient (score 7, 600X) C. Moderate and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 44 year patient (score 8, 400X) D. Absence of LMP1 expression in a lung carcinoma biopsy (score 0, 600 X)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 755, "image": "PMC2964634_F5_77028.jpg", "report": "Histopathology results. [A] Representative H&E section of WT mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. [B] Premalignant lesion (DCIS) in a KO mouse. [C] Photomicrograph of H&E section of KO mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. ** denotes invasion into muscle. Magnification × 400.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 756, "image": "PMC2760782_pone-0007497-g002_47861.jpg", "report": "Contrast enhancement by standard deviation projection of bright field image stack.(A) Low contrast bright field image. (B) Fluorescence staining for whole cell and bright spot detection. (C) Standard deviation projection of stack of bright field images. (D) Inverse of the projection for another visualization of the projection result. In addition to increased contrast, the projection also suppresses background nonuniformities.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 757, "image": "PMC2375427_fig1_22369.jpg", "report": "(A) Presence of C-cell hyperplasia in the peritumoural tissue of a radiation-induced thyroid tumour (T) of patient Ti226 (×100 magnification). The arrows indicate calcitonin positive C-cells. (B) The same C-cell hyperplasia seen with ×250 magnification. The calcitonin C-cells was detected by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-calcitonin antibody.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 758, "image": "PMC1769400_F2_8492.jpg", "report": "Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (panel A), dystrophin expression (panel B), and emerin detection (panel C).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 759, "image": "PMC2880141_F3_65446.jpg", "report": "Large area of hemorrhage (left side), necrosis (right and bottom) and calcification (right and upper side), original magnification ×100.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 760, "image": "PMC2682800_F4_38538.jpg", "report": "Deconvolution fluorescence imaging of Oct-4 mRNA and total mRNA in live P19 cells, with cell nucleus stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). A. The cytosolic localization of Oct-4 mRNA (red) in undifferentiated (UD) and RA treated (differentiated) cells. B. Total RNA staining using SytoRNA Select dye (green) in undifferentiated (UD) and RA treated (differentiated) cells. Scale bar = 15 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 761, "image": "PMC2364187_fig4_21696.jpg", "report": "Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 762, "image": "PMC2265766_pbio-0060051-g004_18745.jpg", "report": "Dynamic Redistribution of EYFP-Tagged CK-B during Phagocytosis.Time-lapse microscopy of zymosan (A and D), COZ (B and E), or IgG-opsonized zymosan (C and F) uptake in RAW 264.7 cells stably transfected with EYFP-CK-B (A–C) or EYFP (D–F). Photos represent a single frame at the peak of accumulation from a time-lapse recording; arrows mark the start of the corresponding line plot visualizing accumulation of signal in the cup. Bars indicate 10 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 763, "image": "PMC2682575_pone-0005655-g005_38458.jpg", "report": "Reconstruction of dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons.A. Dendrites of two pyramidal neurons were reconstructed together with part of the cell bodies from an image stack that contained many en passant neural processes. Reconstructed neurons were superimposed on the maximum-intensity projection of the entire image stack. B. 3D rendering of the two reconstructed neurons. Scale bar: 10 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 764, "image": "PMC2769429_fig-002_49485.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of non-caseous epithelioid granulomatous lesion. (A): High-power view of the nodule revealed epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells with droplets (arrows) and infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes (HE, X400). (B): Immunohistochemical staining for CD-68. Epithelioid cells and multi-nucleated giant cells were positive for CD-68. (C): Immunohistochemical staining for CD-3. (counterstained with Hematoxylin, X400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 765, "image": "PMC2946336_pone-0013002-g001_74816.jpg", "report": "Morphologies and clustering of selected pancreatic cancer cell lines.Mesenchymal-like cell lines are presented in the top two rows, and epithelial-like cell lines are in the bottom two rows. Note the increased cell scatter and spindle like projections seen in the mesenchymal-like cells as compared to the tighter cell-cell adhesion and more spherical shape characteristic of the epithelial cells. The images were collected by phase-contrast microscopy at 10× magnification.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 766, "image": "PMC3051128_F0006_89447.jpg", "report": "Osteochondral loose body, consisting mainly of central cartilaginous material with focal endochondral ossification and covered with a layer of fibrotic synovial membrane. Attenuated synovial cells are present on the surface (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section, original magnification ×5 objective)", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 767, "image": "PMC2920310_pone-0012084-g003_71138.jpg", "report": "Measured values of intracellular electric fields using nanovoltmeters.Figure from Tyner, et al. (ref [20]). (A) E values shown as continuous tone intensity. (B) E values in the 10 boxes of A. Note that values of E generally decrease with distance from the NM. Regions 5 and 6 correspond to a bright spot similar to the mitochondrion shown higher in the image and so likely reflect the local influences of the charge in the mitochondrial membrane.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 768, "image": "PMC2936387_F6_73184.jpg", "report": "Syncytin-1 but not MSRV Env, Xq22.3 Env FLΔStop, or Xq22.3 Env induces syncytia in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transfected with the indicated HERV-W Env constructs and subsequently stained with May-Grünwald and Giemsa solutions to visualize syncytia formation. Multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) were only detectable in cells transfected with Syncytin-1. Magnification × 250.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 769, "image": "PMC2941740_F1_74041.jpg", "report": "Particle morphology of FeCr, FeSiCr, 316L, Fe, Cr, and Cr2O3 by means of BE-SEM. SEM images of different magnification showing the morphology of the different particle types, with a) FeCr coarse (representative for FeCr fine and FeCr dust as well), b) FeSiCr fine (representative for FeSiCr coarse and FeSiCr dust as well), c) 316L coarse (representative for 316L fine as well), d) Fe coarse (as Fe fine), e) Cr coarse (as Cr fine), and f) Cr2O3.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 770, "image": "PMC1939715_F1_12683.jpg", "report": "The localization of prolactin receptor in the liver was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (scale bar = 50 μm) in liver sections from normal and BDL female and male rats. Bile ducts from normal and BDL female and male rats express these receptors (arrows). No immunohistochemical reaction was observed when a consecutive liver section of the same field was incubated with non-immune serum. Hepatocytes from normal and BDL female and male rats express the prolactin receptor.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 771, "image": "PMC3016508_F0003_83182.jpg", "report": "Histopathological features of colitis in common variable immunodeficiency. Colon biopsy showing (a) acutely inflamed colonic tissue and colonic mucosa with chronic colitis. (b) Chronic colonic crypt damage manifested as branching, tangential alignment and increased amount of chronic inflammatory cells and absence of plasma cells and giant granuloma", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 772, "image": "PMC2954839_F5_75903.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination. Monomorphic tumor cells arranged around thin-walled vessels (Hematoxilin and Eosin, magnification × 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 773, "image": "PMC2891638_F2_67233.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of DAB2 expression in NPC. (A) Surface epithelium of ovary served as positive control (original magnification × 400). (B) Normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (× 400). Arrows indicate the positive epithelium. (C) Cytoplasmic staining in a NPC biopsy (× 200). Arrows indicate positive NPC cells. (D) Negative staining in NPC cells. The dendritic cells (arrows) in the stroma served as internal positive controls (× 200).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 774, "image": "PMC2906155_fig2_69160.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. ", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 775, "image": "PMC2714591_F3_42056.jpg", "report": "3D structure models of proteins. Models for proteins WAH-1 (modeled amino acids 238–700 of 700), CPS-6 (modeled amino acids 57–305 of 308), and endoG (modeled amino acids 65–296 of 297) were calculated using Phyre server. Model of HSP70-1 (modeled amino acids 1–554 of 641) was calculated by server M4T. Structures were visualized using UCSF Chimera software.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 776, "image": "PMC2667491_F3_37113.jpg", "report": "Orthotopic NB tumors at autopsy after treatment with CHS 828 or vehicle. Orthotopic tumors at autopsy treated with vehicle or CHS 828 (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 or 30 days. Note the brown color of the tumor after 10 days of treatment, indicating areas of resorbed hemorrhage. T = tumor, RK = right kidney, LK = left kidney; arrows indicate the normal right adrenal gland.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 777, "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 778, "image": "PMC1819384_F5_9956.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy analysis of structure changes in E. coli challenged baboon lung. a: normal architecture of the alveolar septae in healthy baboons; b. accumulation of neutrophils (PMN) and the presence of intra-alveolar bleeding erythrocytes (arrow) can be observed at 2 hrs; c: the increased accumulation of macrophages, fibroblasts and collagen deposition at 24 hrs. av, alveola; coll, collagen; Fb, fibroblasts; Mac, macrophages; RBC, red blood cells. Magnification: ×7000.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 779, "image": "PMC1847813_F3_10298.jpg", "report": "Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 780, "image": "PMC2821930_pone-0009242-g005_56753.jpg", "report": "Meiosis in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells.(A) Section of a testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt showing normal morphology, (B) diakinesis/metaphase I from a male Mcph1gt/gt reveals normal pairing of the autosomal bivalents and the sex chromosomes (XY), (C) normal metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt. For comparison a diakinesis/metaphase I (D) and a metaphase II cell (E) from a male wt/wt mouse are presented.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 781, "image": "PMC2180180_F3_15915.jpg", "report": "Conidia production of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Soil Extract Agar, exhibiting the conidia production of the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in soil extract agar (SEA) and prepared through adhesive tape technique (magnification ×1000).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 782, "image": "PMC2838809_F8_59181.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs illustrating liver cells from control (A and D) fasten (B and D) and fed restricted (C and E) rats. Notice that hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal (F) exhibit electron-dense mitochondria (m) surrounded by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). N = cell nucleus, gl = glycogen, asterisks = lipid droplets, arrows = bile canaliculi. Lead-uranium staining. Scale bars = 2 μm in A-C; 0.2 μm in D-E. Representative images of 6 independent experimental observations.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 783, "image": "PMC2652113_pgen-1000413-g002_35510.jpg", "report": "\nbbp embryos constrict at the margin at 50% epiboly, bursting the yolk.Still images of WT and bbp embryos at the 1000-cell stage (A, B), 50% epiboly (A′, B′), and 50% epiboly at the burst (A″, B″). bbp embryos constrict just as they reach 50% epiboly. (C and D) Selected frames from time-lapse movies of WT and bbp embryos showing that the constriction occurs rapidly once the embryos have reached 50% epiboly.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 784, "image": "PMC2797518_F2_53321.jpg", "report": "Comparison of some microscopic observations. LB = Lactobacilli; BG-: Gram-negative bacilli; DC+: Gram-positive diplococci; Y: yeast cell; VS: Vaginal Swab; CS: Cervical swab.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 785, "image": "PMC2709657_F3_41516.jpg", "report": "Extreme size dimorphism between a) large diploid and small haploid eggs and b) the resulting triploid and diploid tadpoles from female F11. Scale in cm. (The tadpoles were only temporarily in the petri dish for photographing). Photos: Lars Iversen.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 786, "image": "PMC2779145_f2_51187.jpg", "report": "Rat lenses in various groups. A and B are normal lenses, C and D are selenite induced lenses, and E and F are selenite + Drevogenin D induced lenses. The magnifications of A, C, and E were 40X and the magnification of B, D, and F was 200X.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 787, "image": "PMC2374454_F2_22008.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 788, "image": "PMC2804726_F2_54626.jpg", "report": "(A) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (× 10) of nasal biopsy showing mucosal ulceration (B) H&E (× 40) showing extensive inflammatory reaction in the corium, with hyperplastic rete processes, and giant cells.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 789, "image": "PMC2889896_F1_66891.jpg", "report": "Immmunohistochemical staining of sections of xenografts. Immmunohistochemical staining after ex vivo application of cetuximab to identify ErbB1 expression (upper panels) or of trastuzumab to identify ErbB2 expression (lower panels). Scale bar = 100 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 790, "image": "PMC3044656_F2_88067.jpg", "report": "[3H]-PK11195 (a,b) and [3H]-paroxetine (c,d) autoradiography in coronal hypothalamic-hippocampal sections of WT and ob/ob brain. The increased signal corresponding to [3H]-PK11195 binding in sections of ob/ob mice is indicated by arrows (hippocampal region and choroids plexus-third ventricle). cc: cerebral cortex; hi: hippocampal region; hy: hypothalamus; th: thalamus.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 791, "image": "PMC2364795_fig5_21757.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of WWOX protein in normal liver and HCC. Representative immunostaining results of WWOX protein expression. (A) Normal liver tissue sample. Note the strong WWOX cytoplasmic staining of hepatocytes contrasting with the negative staining of the stromal components (lower left corner). (B) HCC tissue sample demonstrating very weak WWOX staining. (C) HCC sample negative for WWOX staining.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 792, "image": "PMC1892559_F4_11667.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of Hic-5 protein in the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of rat myometrium at d15, d17, d19, d21, d22, d23 of gestation and post-partum (PP). On d15 Hic-5 was detectable as distinct, well separated punctate foci at plasma membranes (arrowheads) while at subsequent timepoints, and particularly in PP samples, Hic-5 became consistently detected as an almost continuous line of intense fluorescence at cell membranes (arrows). Control = mouse IgG. Scale bar = 50 μm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 793, "image": "PMC2938245_fig1_73387.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of EGFR and mTOR pathways in SCLC. Immunohistochemical staining of SCLC for (A) p-mTOR, (B) p-p70s6K (strongly stained mitoses are marked by arrows), (C) p-AKT, (D) p-ERK and (E) EGFR (all magnification × 400).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 794, "image": "PMC2629709_f6_33040.jpg", "report": "Thy1.1 and BDNF immunocytochemistry in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thy1.1 (A) and BDNF (C) immunoreactivity are present in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Higher magnification showed that Thy1.1 (B) and BDNF (D)-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites (arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 µm (B and D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 795, "image": "PMC2933633_F3_72755.jpg", "report": "Biopsy of colonic mucosa adjacent to the ulcer; immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, -CD4, and -CD8. The colic mucosa is regenerative, with less mucus in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The lamina propria contains some neutrophils, which infiltrate the epithelial cells (arrow), without an increase of mononuclear cells. In this inflamed mucosa, fewer CD4+ cells (arrow) than CD8+ T cells (arrow) are found.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 796, "image": "PMC2765826_ppat-1000642-g003_48428.jpg", "report": "Gross pathology of the lung post-mortem in ferrets treated with m102.4 prior to NiV challenge.(A) Ferret 21-pre; 20 days post infection (dpi): no signs of illness, disease or lesions: healthy ferret lungs. (B) Ferret 23-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (C) Ferret 24-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (D) NiV-infected control ferret; 8 dpi: typical disease onset, extensive pinpoint lesions.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 797, "image": "PMC2738668_F1_44929.jpg", "report": "Light-microscopy of a representative Glomerulum and the tubulus-interstitium (A, B) and ultrastructure of a glomerulum with missing podocytes and thin basements without deposits (C, D).", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 798, "image": "PMC2928297_pone-0012398-g002_72194.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic or chromosome arm targeting results in normal cytokinetic progression.Non-tip ablations and progression through cell division: A. Cytoplasmic targeting distal from the midzone (box). B. Chromosome arm ablation (arrow). C. Cytoplasmic midzone targeting (box). Time stamps indicated in each figure take 00:00:00 as immediately pre ablation and are formatted as hh:mm:ss. Scale bar represents 5 µm.", "metadata": {} }, { "id": 799, "image": "PMC2915925_pone-0011953-g002_70643.jpg", "report": "Identification of peroxisomal mutants.Bright field images are shown on the left panel and fluorescence images are shown on the right. Known peroxins show mislocalization of the Pot1p-GFP reporter when deleted. Partial mislocalization phenotypes are seen in pex1Δ, pex18Δ, and pex21Δ.", "metadata": {} } ] ================================================ FILE: data/test/report/quilt-1m_test.json ================================================ [ { "": "1006600", "caption": "The cytoplasmic features of smaller and larger benign glands are similar, which is important to note before looking at stains.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3c9e460f-53aa-4de5-b34f-c3d6316750be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " for a second, because when I show you the stains, it's going to be important for you to correlate what you're seeing now with the stains. So one other thing I want to draw your attention to before we look at the pink cocktail is that the cytoplasmic features of these smaller glands and even the larger benign glands next door are somewhat similar. So that's going to become very important when I show you these things. So we'll go ahead and look at the corresponding pink cocktail on that case. And this", "corrected_text": " for a second, because when I show you the stains, it's going to be important for you to correlate what you're seeing now with the stains. So one other thing I want to draw your attention to before we look at the pink cocktail is that the cytoplasmic features of these smaller glands and even the larger benign glands next door are somewhat similar. So that's going to become very important when I show you these things. So we'll go ahead and look at the corresponding pink cocktail on that case. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'smaller', 'concept_id': 'C0547044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_0", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006971", "caption": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_1", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007238", "caption": "Bladder neck invasion is present.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['bladder neck', 'prostate', 'biopsy']", "noisy_text": " And it actually invaded into the bladder. So there was bladder-neck invasion. That was very, very important to document in the report. It's not just good enough to say small cell carcinoma adjacent high-grade prostate cancer. You need to also document the fact that it invades the bladder-neck. That's very, very important for completeness. So on this one, I have just a little biopsy here to show you. So this is a prostate-needle-cored biopsy. That's what this was called, prostate-needle-cored biopsy. And as", "corrected_text": " And it actually invaded into the bladder. So there was bladder-neck invasion. That was very, very important to document in the report. It's not just good enough to say small cell carcinoma adjacent high-grade prostate cancer. You need to also document the fact that it invades the bladder-neck. That's very, very important for completeness. So on this one, I have just a little biopsy here to show you. So this is a prostate needle biopsy-cored biopsy. That's what this was called, prostate needle biopsy-cored biopsy. And as", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}], [{'entity': 'Bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_2", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005109", "caption": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2d6015c3-0d6c-43bc-80f4-d0bfce1b929d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns', 'Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns', 'Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns']", "noisy_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "corrected_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'indicative', 'concept_id': 'C2985705', 'confidence': 0.7675144076347351}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'essential', 'concept_id': 'C0205224', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gallbladder', 'concept_id': 'C0016976', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bile duct', 'concept_id': 'C0005400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_3", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004466", "caption": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fd8abd92-28c1-4588-b9b8-f76050c101f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost", "corrected_text": " flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Unique', 'concept_id': 'C1710548', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neuroblastoma-like variant', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6672105193138123}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'differential', 'concept_id': 'C0443199', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_4", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005341", "caption": "Clinical description of a skin condition with small individual papules that have a central crust, often on perioral skin.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_5", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007649", "caption": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_6", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007549", "caption": "Dome-shaped papule with nests of melanocytes along the DEJ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d36fb884-e375-4e73-b4ad-f1028870d68d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule']", "noisy_text": " because this was the initial shave. And you can see that we've got a dome-shaped papule here. And we've got a few nests of melanocytes along the DEJ. And these melanocytes are normal in appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we", "corrected_text": " because this was the initial shave. And you can see that we've got a dome-shaped papule here. And we've got a few nests of melanocytes along the DEJ. And these melanocytes are normal in appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}], [{'entity': 'Nest cords', 'concept_id': 'C0884973', 'confidence': 0.7039703726768494}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_7", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004641", "caption": "Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not seen in mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors microphenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic micro abscesses. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in microphenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly.", "corrected_text": " with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors microphenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic micro abscesses. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in microphenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol', 'concept_id': 'C0883242', 'confidence': 0.8315404653549194}], [{'entity': 'Neuroendocrine cell', 'concept_id': 'C1518275', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptotic bodies', 'concept_id': 'C3269134', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_8", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007248", "caption": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_9", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007889", "caption": "Subepidermal blistering disease with eosinophils is a possibility.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_012ac31a-54ca-4990-b628-3e36ec5ff0ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['inflammation', 'eosinophils', 'subepidermal blistering disease', 'inflammation', 'eosinophils', 'subepidermal blistering disease']", "noisy_text": " There's a heck of a lot of inflammation there. I guess it has to be super inflamed for the Irish. They play rugby over there. Irish soccer, I learned that. I didn't know what Irish soccer was. They're a combination of rugby and soccer. They have no pads. They're smashing each other, so I guess they have to be tough to be Irish. They have a lot of inflammation. This is pretty inflamed. Yeah. A lot of eosinophils too, right? Yes, eos. Yeah, for sure. What do we think of with subepidermal blistering disease with eosinophils? I was more drawn to the eosinophils. I thought there was some germophilic protecting. There's a little bit of that. I thought", "corrected_text": " There's a heck of a lot of inflammation there. I guess it has to be super inflamed for the Irish. They play rugby over there. Irish soccer, I learned that. I didn't know what Irish soccer was. They're a combination of rugby and soccer. They have no pads. They're smashing each other, so I guess they have to be tough to be Irish. They have a lot of inflammation. This is pretty inflamed. Yeah. A lot of eosinophils too, right? Yes, eos. Yeah, for sure. What do we think of with subepidermal blistering disease with eosinophils? I was more drawn to the eosinophils. I thought there was some germophilic protecting. There's a little bit of that. I thought", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'physical activity', 'concept_id': 'C0015259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rugby', 'concept_id': 'C0035945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Irish', 'concept_id': 'C0087186', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'soccer', 'concept_id': 'C0037393', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Subepidermal blistering disease', 'concept_id': 'C3670030', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_10", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004376", "caption": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_11", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004413", "caption": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['neural hypertrophy', 'ganglion cells', 'submucosa', 'congenital megacolon', 'submucosa']", "noisy_text": " for example, carotid endoartrectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submicosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submicosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "corrected_text": " for example, carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submucosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submucosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carotid endarterectomy', 'concept_id': 'C0014099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abdominal aortic encephalopathy', 'concept_id': 'C0507867', 'confidence': 0.6308470964431763}, {'entity': 'cholesterol emboli', 'concept_id': 'C0149649', 'confidence': 0.8653062582015991}], [{'entity': 'Neural hypertrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0020564', 'confidence': 0.8345715999603271}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_12", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008050", "caption": "Hyperchromatic cells have mainly heterochromatin and appear very dark.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Appearance of heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nucleus.', 'Plasma cells as a reference for classifying nuclear features.', 'Example of vesicular nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicularism is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "corrected_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicular nuclei is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like', 'concept_id': 'C2828772', 'confidence': 0.6665787696838379}], [{'entity': 'Plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear features', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.6837654709815979}], [{'entity': 'Chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'very dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.8206402063369751}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dividing', 'concept_id': 'C0332849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_13", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007651", "caption": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_14", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008023", "caption": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_15", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007785", "caption": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9446bc04-9735-48c9-93ba-e37e9c7fca35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm']", "noisy_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSB, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "corrected_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSP, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Caution', 'concept_id': 'C1882442', 'confidence': 0.7039048671722412}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'recommendation', 'concept_id': 'C0034866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184922', 'confidence': 0.8345454335212708}, {'entity': 'dealing', 'concept_id': 'C0556449', 'confidence': 0.7019717693328857}, {'entity': 'soft tissue neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_16", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007023", "caption": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_17", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007465", "caption": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus.", "image_path": "1DP288T6QqU_image_f62c58cd-e7eb-4ea7-b220-a3ed86537d46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "roi_text": "['Cut skin biopsy', 'Lesion diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum', 'Cut skin biopsy', 'Lesion diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum', 'Cut skin biopsy', 'Lesion diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum']", "noisy_text": " And the other side of this cut skin biopsy looks exactly the same. Also notice that the parts of the normal skin around it look fairly normal. And specifically, this lesion has been completely excised. It's almost a shame to diagnose this lesion in terms of cells and stuff like that. I will. But let me tell you, there is nothing else in the world on the skin that looks like this. And even inexperienced dermatologists and inexperienced pathologists can take a look at this. And bingo, they say instantly, molluscum contagiosum. It's a virus. And it's contagious. And that's why they call it molluscum contagiosum. I'm going to describe it in more particular language anyway. Notice how", "corrected_text": " And the other side of this cut skin biopsy looks exactly the same. Also notice that the parts of the normal skin around it look fairly normal. And specifically, this lesion has been completely excised. It's almost a shame to diagnose this lesion in terms of cells and stuff like that. I will. But let me tell you, there is nothing else in the world on the skin that looks like this. And even inexperienced dermatologists and inexperienced pathologists can take a look at this. And bingo, they say instantly, molluscum contagiosum. It's a virus. And it's contagious. And that's why they call it molluscum contagiosum. I'm going to describe it in more particular language anyway. Notice how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'skin biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0150866', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'molluscum contagiosum', 'concept_id': 'C0026393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'contagious virus', 'concept_id': 'C0029200', 'confidence': 0.7398762106895447}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "760.0", "id": "test_18", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008339", "caption": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_19", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009071", "caption": "Mitotic activity is present.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Wild tumor with bad nuclei', 'Mitotic activity', 'Epithelial and spindle cell component', 'Pain cocktail stain']", "noisy_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and a stromal component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "corrected_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and spindle cell component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}], [{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'pain cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 0.9142165184020996}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_20", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005039", "caption": "Secondary tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, can also destroy glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['tumor', 'prostatic urethra', 'inflammatory response']", "noisy_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. Urethelial carcinoma can do that. But this specular entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "corrected_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. urothelial carcinoma can do that. But this specific entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'destroying', 'concept_id': 'C1948029', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'prostatic urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0458450', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colorectal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0009402', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urothelial carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'destroy', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_21", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007591", "caption": "Molecular testing may be necessary if there are marked pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, or other concerning features.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "corrected_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular testing', 'concept_id': 'C1521991', 'confidence': 0.8002516627311707}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_22", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006544", "caption": "Smaller chorionic villi are visible towards the maternal site.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_23", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006044", "caption": "No mitotic triggers found, no need for immunohistochemistry. HMB-45 and Ki-67 tests could be done but not necessary.", "image_path": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_92f6b2f2-f755-4907-a53c-f332759a7245.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present in the next section and i don't think you need to do any immunohistochemistry on this case it's that's just what it is a lot of people get on search and then they think gosh i need to do something so what you could do if you really wanted to you could do an hmb 45 and you'd find probably all of this infiltrators expresses hmb 45 you could do a key 67 and you'd find you know a very brisk positivity or you probably would i find cyclin d1 is much", "corrected_text": " looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present in the next section and i don't think you need to do any immunohistochemistry on this case it's that's just what it is a lot of people get on search and then they think gosh i need to do something so what you could do if you really wanted to you could do an HMB-45 and you'd find probably all of this infiltrators expresses HMB-45 you could do a Ki-67 and you'd find you know a very brisk positivity or you probably would i find cyclin d1 is much", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'triggers', 'concept_id': 'C0032930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'HMB-45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Ki-67 tests', 'concept_id': 'C0022885', 'confidence': 0.536566972732544}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_24", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008372", "caption": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_25", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004736", "caption": "Lamina propria is hyalinized with some architectural distortion.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface.']", "noisy_text": " This patient had a history of radiation also for prostate cancer, but the pattern is a little bit different. Yes, the lamina propria is a little bit hyalinized and maybe there's some architectural distortion, but it looks less striking than the other one. And you don't have a good, juicy, hyalinized vessel to really tip you off, but you have another finding to tip you off. And that would be this. These dilated vessels that run parallel to the epithelial surface. And you'll see dilated vessels. Oh, this is a good one right here. Dilated vessels that tend to run parallel to the epithelial", "corrected_text": " This patient had a history of radiation also for prostate cancer, but the pattern is a little bit different. Yes, the lamina propria is a little bit hyalinized and maybe there's some architectural distortion, but it looks less striking than the other one. And you don't have a good, juicy, hyalinized vessel to really tip you off, but you have another finding to tip you off. And that would be this. These dilated vessels that run parallel to the epithelial surface. And you'll see dilated vessels. Oh, this is a good one right here. Dilated vessels that tend to run parallel to the epithelial", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels running', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.6464064121246338}, {'entity': 'epithelial surface', 'concept_id': 'C2327105', 'confidence': 0.9104864597320557}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_26", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008122", "caption": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_27", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007582", "caption": "Likely melanin instead of hemosiderin due to absence of extravasated erythrocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_077e8bb9-a780-4110-846c-1f3fb94842bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['melanin', 'basilar keratinocytes', 'epidermis', 'necrotic keratinocytes', 'lymphocytes', 'melanophages', 'trunk extremities']", "noisy_text": " than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular change, necrotic keratinocytes along the basal layer, and Apache band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanovagias. And as it turns out, this biopsy specimen is from a Latin American individual with large hyperpigmented patches on the trunk extremities, and this", "corrected_text": " than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, basal cell change, necrotic keratinocytes along the basal layer, and Apache band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanovagias. And as it turns out, this biopsy specimen is from a Latin American individual with large hyperpigmented patches on the trunk extremities, and this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}], [{'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thin epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4231265', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuolar change', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1168187', 'confidence': 0.8123914003372192}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Latin American', 'concept_id': 'C1553378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperpigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patches', 'concept_id': 'C0994894', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'extremities', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_28", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009354", "caption": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "corrected_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular testing', 'concept_id': 'C1521991', 'confidence': 0.8002516627311707}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_29", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007974", "caption": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_30", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004816", "caption": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_31", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004983", "caption": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_d514347b-6cdc-4749-bc63-ac10e3f50b47.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['scattered little nuclei', 'cell type making protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue']", "noisy_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "corrected_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell type', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'ground substance', 'concept_id': 'C1253945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_32", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006175", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate itself is not associated with these factors, but rather the invasive cancer next to it.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of high-volume prostate cancer with poorly formed glands and single cells.', 'Intraductal component.']", "noisy_text": " are associated with extra-postatic extension. They are associated with, which you can see here, they are associated with positive margins. They are associated with lymph node metastasis. It is not the introductal carcinoma of the prostate itself that is associated with those. It's the fact that you have high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door. It is the invasive cancer that does all those bad things. The introductal carcinoma itself is introductal. It's just invasive cancer colonizing a duct. So the introductal carcinoma itself doesn't do all those bad things. It is associated with high-grade invasive cancer that does the high tumor volume, extra-postatic extension, positive surgical margins, and lymph node metastasis. And I'll show you a case of that shortly. So if you look at this case, again, high-volume prostate cancer. You can see that a lot of the glands are poorly formed. There are some single cells in there. And once again, you see the introductal component here. You can", "corrected_text": " are associated with extra-prostatic extension. They are associated with, which you can see here, they are associated with positive margins. They are associated with lymph node metastasis. It is not the intrAductal carcinoma of the prostate itself that is associated with those. It's the fact that you have high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door. It is the invasive cancer that does all those bad things. The intrAductal carcinoma itself is intracystic. It's just invasive cancer colonizing a duct. So the intrAductal carcinoma itself doesn't do all those bad things. It is associated with high-grade invasive cancer that does the high tumor volume, extra-prostatic extension, positive surgical margins, and lymph node metastasis. And I'll show you a case of that shortly. So if you look at this case, again, high-volume prostate cancer. You can see that a lot of the glands are poorly formed. There are some single cells in there. And once again, you see the intracystic component here. You can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-volume', 'concept_id': 'C3494218', 'confidence': 0.8583465814590454}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extra-prostatic extension', 'concept_id': 'C1717821', 'confidence': 0.8074824213981628}, {'entity': 'positive margins', 'concept_id': 'C1709603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymph node metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0686619', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'factors', 'concept_id': 'C1257900', 'confidence': 0.8623767495155334}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'outcomes', 'concept_id': 'C1274040', 'confidence': 0.8844040036201477}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_33", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006536", "caption": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['superficial perivascular infiltrate', 'epidermis', 'basement of the rete ridge pattern', 'basal cell change along the DEJ', 'dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer', 'papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the Reedy ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced bacular change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "corrected_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the rete ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proximal extremity', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 0.745482325553894}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidural change', 'concept_id': 'C0228134', 'confidence': 0.7621071338653564}], [{'entity': 'Thin epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4231265', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'rete', 'concept_id': 'C0010306', 'confidence': 0.7033917903900146}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}], [{'entity': 'Scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_34", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005487", "caption": "Immunohistochemical stains will be positive for PSA and PSAP.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, so this is a nice case of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with misnose features. As some of you may be aware, there's strict criteria for that. If it's less than 25% involvement, we say misnose features. If it's greater than 25% or more, then you can actually use the term misnose adenocarcinoma with the prostate. The reason why I'm showing you this case is because here you don't see the tumor is just doing its own thing and the stroma is doing its own thing. There's no desmoplastic stromal response. There's no fluid host inflammatory response. So this is a different entity. In the past, these tumors were actually confused with one another. They thought it was the same thing decades ago. That's why in the past, misnose adenocarcinoma with the prostate were thought to be very aggressive tumors. But now we've kind of dissected these two separate entities. Of course, back then, 30 years ago, we didn't have the benefit of immunohistochemical stains. So what you're looking at right now will obviously be positive for PSA and PSAP. The original case I", "corrected_text": " Yeah, so this is a nice case of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features. As some of you may be aware, there's strict criteria for that. If it's less than 25% involvement, we say mucinous features. If it's greater than 25% or more, then you can actually use the term mucinous adenocarcinoma with the prostate. The reason why I'm showing you this case is because here you don't see the tumor is just doing its own thing and the stroma is doing its own thing. There's no desmoplastic stromal response. There's no fluid host inflammatory response. So this is a different entity. In the past, these tumors were actually confused with one another. They thought it was the same thing decades ago. That's why in the past, mucinous adenocarcinoma with the prostate were thought to be very aggressive tumors. But now we've kind of dissected these two separate entities. Of course, back then, 30 years ago, we didn't have the benefit of immunohistochemical stains. So what you're looking at right now will obviously be positive for PSA and PSAP. The original case I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucinous features', 'concept_id': 'C1513712', 'confidence': 0.7035756707191467}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C1511789', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fluid', 'concept_id': 'C0005889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PSAP', 'concept_id': 'C1418975', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_35", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006188", "caption": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_36", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004515", "caption": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fdda247c-39b6-4e57-bef4-ca0954805df7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "corrected_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'started', 'concept_id': 'C1272689', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_37", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008010", "caption": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['spindle-shaped cells']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_38", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009245", "caption": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_38153e72-4994-4318-a005-d3d7bb8e8c45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Urethritis cystica et glandularis', 'Goblet cell formation', 'Urethritis cystica et glandularis', 'Goblet cell formation']", "noisy_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urethelium involved by this misnose adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the subepithelial connective tissue. It's beginning", "corrected_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urothelium involved by this mucinous adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the lamina propria. It's beginning", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0041967', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'urethritis cystica', 'concept_id': 'C3272656', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'glandularis', 'concept_id': 'C1231964', 'confidence': 0.8643958568572998}, {'entity': 'dissecting pools', 'concept_id': 'C0205239', 'confidence': 0.6663767695426941}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Goblet', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.8473865389823914}, {'entity': 'cell formation', 'concept_id': 'C2936218', 'confidence': 0.9225678443908691}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stages', 'concept_id': 'C1306673', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_39", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008427", "caption": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1fdf87d9-3b35-436e-a6d3-626e2677646a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "corrected_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric cardiac type', 'concept_id': 'C0524600', 'confidence': 0.7429378628730774}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastroesophageal junction', 'concept_id': 'C0014871', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregularly', 'concept_id': 'C0425589', 'confidence': 0.905201256275177}, {'entity': 'sized', 'concept_id': 'C0600244', 'confidence': 0.8308623433113098}, {'entity': 'shaped glands', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 0.7275685667991638}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Importance', 'concept_id': 'C4086513', 'confidence': 0.96006178855896}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_40", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004616", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_41", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006266", "caption": "Proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of the placenta.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_42", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005754", "caption": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane']", "noisy_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "corrected_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'segment', 'concept_id': 'C0441635', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'right', 'concept_id': 'C0205090', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_43", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006201", "caption": "Urothelial metaplasia can occur simultaneously with basal cell hyperplasia.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " This is just basal cell hyperplasia. Sometimes you can have urothelial metaplasia also occurring simultaneously. All right, so the next case is case 7. Case 7 is a 69-year-old gentleman with hematuria and mycosuria. So this is the first time we are hearing that word, mycosuria. So we've had elevated PSA levels. We've had positive DREs. We've had hematuria. But this is the first patient that has mycosuria. And that's of some significance, which you'll see shortly. So let's take a look at this case. Again, this doesn't look like anything I've shown", "corrected_text": " This is just basal cell hyperplasia. Sometimes you can have urothelial metaplasia also occurring simultaneously. All right, so the next case is case 7. Case 7 is a 69-year-old gentleman with hematuria and mycosuria. So this is the first time we are hearing that word, mycosuria. So we've had elevated PSA levels. We've had positive DREs. We've had hematuria. But this is the first patient that has mycosuria. And that's of some significance, which you'll see shortly. So let's take a look at this case. Again, this doesn't look like anything I've shown", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Urothelial metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334028', 'confidence': 0.8153573870658875}, {'entity': 'simultaneously', 'concept_id': 'C0521115', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mycosuria', 'concept_id': 'C0017979', 'confidence': 0.7108948826789856}, {'entity': 'male', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hematuria', 'concept_id': 'C0018965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mycosuria', 'concept_id': 'C0017979', 'confidence': 0.7108948826789856}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_44", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006017", "caption": "No stain has been found to be helpful in diagnosing sclerosing epithelial neoplasms.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Lesion dissecting throughout the dermis', 'No nerve involvement observed', 'Sclerosing epithelial neoplasms', 'Deep biopsy necessary for definitive diagnosis']", "noisy_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic anexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "corrected_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic adnexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neurotropism', 'concept_id': 'C1518304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerves', 'concept_id': 'C0027740', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'deep biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0185285', 'confidence': 0.8188310265541077}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'No stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.8399802446365356}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_45", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006246", "caption": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bd4e7bbb-54de-40c2-b167-ac9b83a64d34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['plasma cells within the infiltrate', 'central dark blue or purple papule', 'eccentric ring', 'papillary projections', 'plump endothelial']", "noisy_text": " plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly on the trunk or extremities. It is characterized usually by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an ecomotic ring, which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and", "corrected_text": " plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly on the trunk or extremities. It is characterized usually by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring, which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Kaposi's sarcoma\", 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'rules', 'concept_id': 'C0870077', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Kaposi's sarcoma\", 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'extremities', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central dark blue', 'concept_id': 'C1958010', 'confidence': 0.6706290245056152}, {'entity': 'purple papule', 'concept_id': 'C0439542', 'confidence': 0.759922981262207}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eccentric ring', 'concept_id': 'C0439740', 'confidence': 0.9041137099266052}, {'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_46", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004273", "caption": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a8ef8a8e-635f-4884-82b5-1f2a594f5e1e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "corrected_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'age', 'concept_id': 'C0001779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dependence', 'concept_id': 'C0011546', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_47", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004373", "caption": "Chronic vasculitis can end up forming fibrotic nodules.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_48", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007972", "caption": "Stains used to exclude other entities include HMB45 melanin, S100, and STAT6.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6']", "noisy_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'll expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "corrected_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrating', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STOMP', 'concept_id': 'C0056167', 'confidence': 0.6245664358139038}, {'entity': 'stromal tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0879615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'potential', 'concept_id': 'C3245505', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STOMPs', 'concept_id': 'C0577018', 'confidence': 0.6140404343605042}, {'entity': 'recur', 'concept_id': 'C0034897', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'progress', 'concept_id': 'C1272688', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1521760', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entities', 'concept_id': 'C0424215', 'confidence': 0.7521668672561646}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STAT6', 'concept_id': 'C0297890', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_49", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005100", "caption": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "corrected_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal skin', 'concept_id': 'C0558145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trait', 'concept_id': 'C0599883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.7651135921478271}, {'entity': 'fat', 'concept_id': 'C0015677', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep funiculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0241216', 'confidence': 0.7899089455604553}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interstitial regions', 'concept_id': 'C0596790', 'confidence': 0.7848911285400391}], [{'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_50", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006258", "caption": "The case is an example of p63-positive prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['p63-positive prostate cancer', 'digital rectal examination', 'PSA levels', 'busy appearance', 'cribriform glands', 'p63-positive prostate cancer', 'digital rectal examination', 'PSA levels', 'busy appearance', 'cribriform glands']", "noisy_text": " So this is another example of P63-positive prostate cancer. As you come over here, you can see it's the same process going on. Some of these glands look like conventional prostate cancer. This one looks like it's kind of undecided whether it should be P63-positive or conventional prostate cancer. As you come over here, this one looks like conventional prostate cancer. And then you have some others that are staining with P63. So this is another example of P63-positive prostate cancer. It's somewhat controversial whether to assign a glycine score to these. Obviously, if they form, if they have well-formed glands, that would be equivalent to glycine score 3 plus 3 equals 6 grade group 1. But the question is, the original case I showed you, when you have those polyform glands or single cells, it becomes debatable whether to assign a high glycine score to those cases. Because as of now, most of these tumors are relatively well-behaved. So that's still an area that is unsolved. So this was just a very good example of P63-positive prostate cancer. We'll move on to case 3. Case 3 is a 73-year-old man who presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. Again, you can see that a lot of the histories are beginning to overlap now. They look very similar. In this particular case, we have a different process going on. It's very busy. You can see there are a lot of glands, very, very busy. Very few benign glands there. There's some colonic tissue there. And as you keep looking at the core, you can see that there are some cribriform glands present. These glands,", "corrected_text": " So this is another example of p63-positive prostate cancer. As you come over here, you can see it's the same process going on. Some of these glands look like conventional prostate cancer. This one looks like it's kind of undecided whether it should be p63-positive or conventional prostate cancer. As you come over here, this one looks like conventional prostate cancer. And then you have some others that are staining with P63. So this is another example of p63-positive prostate cancer. It's somewhat controversial whether to assign a glycine score to these. Obviously, if they form, if they have well-formed glands, that would be equivalent to glycine score 3 plus 3 equals 6 grade group 1. But the question is, the original case I showed you, when you have those polyform glands or single cells, it becomes debatable whether to assign a high glycine score to those cases. Because as of now, most of these tumors are relatively well-behaved. So that's still an area that is unsolved. So this was just a very good example of p63-positive prostate cancer. We'll move on to case 3. Case 3 is a 73-year-old man who presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. Again, you can see that a lot of the histories are beginning to overlap now. They look very similar. In this particular case, we have a different process going on. It's very busy. You can see there are a lot of glands, very, very busy. Very few benign glands there. There's some colonic tissue there. And as you keep looking at the core, you can see that there are some cribriform glands present. These glands,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'p63-positive', 'concept_id': 'C4329511', 'confidence': 0.5139493942260742}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'glycine', 'concept_id': 'C0017890', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'score', 'concept_id': 'C0449820', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Case 3', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 0.8432309031486511}, {'entity': 'man', 'concept_id': 'C0025266', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 0.8765994906425476}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_51", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008610", "caption": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_52", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005878", "caption": "Presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes and fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_84867427-b656-46b8-959a-78d245dc9193.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out", "corrected_text": " course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitoses. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin-laden histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 0.6349639296531677}, {'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225332', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'oval', 'concept_id': 'C1709367', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fusiform nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.7332888245582581}], [{'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_53", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008441", "caption": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_54", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006024", "caption": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_55", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008549", "caption": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_effd7fd7-81c9-4878-a635-9a3264b82dde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.', 'Predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.']", "noisy_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxo. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "corrected_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxoid. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathology', 'concept_id': 'C0243140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.9253939986228943}], [{'entity': 'Fibro', 'concept_id': 'C0016053', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bluish pale part', 'concept_id': 'C0392768', 'confidence': 0.6970505118370056}], [{'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_56", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008181", "caption": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinization may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_57", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008694", "caption": "Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles adjacent to a central cyst.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles', 'fibrous stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma']", "noisy_text": " This is sort of a tricofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the tricofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromucinous. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a tricofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "corrected_text": " This is sort of a trichofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the trichofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromyxoid. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a trichofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Trichofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'miniaturized hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.7287319302558899}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7124271988868713}], [{'entity': 'Follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_58", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005368", "caption": "No prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c9b2e40-bd92-4380-abe2-0f704419ab72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriformic or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, no prominent nuclei, cribriformic or micropapillary. This is the criteria for low grade dysplasia. Compare it with here. Here the cells are coming and touching the top. Can you all see", "corrected_text": " So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriform or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, no prominent nuclei, cribriform or micropapillary. This is the criteria for low grade dysplasia. Compare it with here. Here the cells are coming and touching the top. Can you all see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Maintained', 'concept_id': 'C1314677', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.5390191674232483}], [{'entity': 'Criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'sentence', 'concept_id': 'C0876929', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_59", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005522", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_b0cdca07-dc48-47e6-bb70-cb4ff9138176.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'gastric biopsy', 'colonic biopsy', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'gastric biopsy', 'colonic biopsy']", "noisy_text": " And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to see these signet cells, especially in biopsies. Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical", "corrected_text": " And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to see these signet cells, especially in biopsies. Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'high', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative disease', 'concept_id': 'C1332629', 'confidence': 0.8737467527389526}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_60", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004917", "caption": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4d5b53cd-2d73-4e48-aac1-d4d00440aff0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "corrected_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0227351', 'confidence': 0.8191195130348206}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_61", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004936", "caption": "Lamina propria is expanded and there is a degree of inflammatory lamina propria, suggesting IBD in the differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1c682c2e-09fe-4fbd-91f0-03b0fe894763.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['glands are trying to keep their shapes', 'lamina propria is expanded', 'degree of architectural distortion', 'inflammatory lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " There's a little bit of distortion. I would give you that. But overall, the glands are trying to keep their distance. They're equally distant one from another and they're trying to keep their shapes overall. I wouldn't say the architecture is perfect, but overall, they're trying to retain it. And you mentioned whether this was from the right or left. And that's a good question. I would say, since this is from the rectum, the lamina propria is actually expanded. So, I would say it's too cellular for rectum. So, I think IBD would be definitely in the differential with that degree of architectural distortion maybe, but with that degree of inflammatory lamina propria expansion. But let's look", "corrected_text": " There's a little bit of distortion. I would give you that. But overall, the glands are trying to keep their distance. They're equally distant one from another and they're trying to keep their shapes overall. I wouldn't say the architecture is perfect, but overall, they're trying to retain it. And you mentioned whether this was from the right or left. And that's a good question. I would say, since this is from the rectum, the lamina propria is actually expanded. So, I would say it's too cellular for rectum. So, I think IBD would be definitely in the differential with that degree of architectural distortion maybe, but with that degree of inflammatory lamina propria expansion. But let's look", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'distant', 'concept_id': 'C0443203', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shapes', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'overall', 'concept_id': 'C0282416', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory', 'concept_id': 'C0333348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_62", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008447", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth', 'Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_63", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009196", "caption": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_64", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009473", "caption": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_65", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004436", "caption": "Sections will be taken from the entire lesion to ensure there are no zones that have become more cancerous or aggressive.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign lyomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very", "corrected_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign leiomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle cells that are quite very", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'cancerous', 'concept_id': 'C1514391', 'confidence': 0.763753354549408}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign leiomyoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023267', 'confidence': 0.9082092046737671}], [{'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_66", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006853", "caption": "The epidermis is hyperplastic and papillary, with altered quantified layer and some compact ortho and parakeratosis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_64d4d5f2-c090-4c46-9f31-a82730e67136.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['hyperplastic epidermis', 'papillary epidermis', 'compact ortho', 'parakeratosis', 'patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes', 'discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis', 'dyskeratotic cells', 'verruciform xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of pericaratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical", "corrected_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of parakeratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary', 'concept_id': 'C0205312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'quantified', 'concept_id': 'C1709793', 'confidence': 0.6807526350021362}, {'entity': 'layer', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compact ortho', 'concept_id': 'C1333134', 'confidence': 0.7191344499588013}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_67", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004834", "caption": "Evidence of aspiration is present, with food-like products found in a bronchial unit.", "image_path": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_8a47c2f7-b51c-4c9e-8adb-a5c2bfb78396.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "roi_text": "['food-like products in bronchial unit', 'aspiration']", "noisy_text": " there's a bronchial units with food like products in it, you got meat there and vegetables within the bronchiola unit, so there's evidence of aspiration, this could be an agonal aspiration as the person was struggling for air, and so some of the gastric content may have come up and went up into the bronchial lungs, but we'll talk more about that as well, let me continue to peruse around because there's an area that I want to really focus on, and then we'll talk about the bronchiola unit, I think this may be one of those areas, and then we'll", "corrected_text": " there's a bronchial units with food like products in it, you got meat there and vegetables within the bronchiolar unit, so there's evidence of aspiration, this could be an agonal aspiration as the person was struggling for air, and so some of the gastric content may have come up and went up into the bronchial lungs, but we'talk more about that as well, let me continue to peruse around because there's an area that I want to really focus on, and then we'talk about the bronchiolar unit, I think this may be one of those areas, and then we'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspiration', 'concept_id': 'C0349707', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'food-like products', 'concept_id': 'C0681562', 'confidence': 0.6498357057571411}, {'entity': 'bronchial unit', 'concept_id': 'C0205039', 'confidence': 0.8046900629997253}], [{'entity': 'agonal aspiration', 'concept_id': 'C2315245', 'confidence': 0.8239514827728271}, {'entity': 'person', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'air', 'concept_id': 'C0001861', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "608.0", "id": "test_68", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007567", "caption": "Cells become more round and epithelioid and cluster around the edge of the rosette.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4042b6aa-9f8f-4c44-ba15-d0118de0f971.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Perivascular pseudorosette', 'Neurofibroma', 'Fibroblastic tumor']", "noisy_text": " a vessel in the middle but look what we're seeing here on the edge is what's described that you often see the other case didn't show it nicely but around the edge of the rosettes the cells tend to get more round and almost epithelioid and kind of cluster around the edge of the rosette so I think that's a really good example here of kind of a collagen rosette and the larger kind of more round but still very bland and monomorphic uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade", "corrected_text": " a vessel in the middle but look what we're seeing here on the edge is what's described that you often see the other case didn't show it nicely but around the edge of the rosettes the cells tend to get more round and almost epithelioid and kind of cluster around the edge of the rosette so I think that's a really good example here of kind of a collagen rosette and the larger kind of more round but still very bland and monomorphic uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pseudorosette', 'concept_id': 'C1335569', 'confidence': 0.8461084365844727}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'neurofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelioid', 'concept_id': 'C0014603', 'confidence': 0.8891293406486511}, {'entity': 'cluster', 'concept_id': 'C1555715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosette', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neurofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206643', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_69", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006032", "caption": "Immunofluorescence pattern shows absence of Ig and presence of C3.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['subepidermal bullous lesion', 'bullous pemphigoid', 'microscope', 'pregnant woman', 'immunofluorescence pattern', 'Ig', 'C3', 'Ig']", "noisy_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "corrected_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Subepidermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221935', 'confidence': 0.8599841594696045}, {'entity': 'bullous lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bullous pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gestation', 'concept_id': 'C0032961', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pregnant woman', 'concept_id': 'C0033011', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immunofluorescence pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0016318', 'confidence': 0.8741495609283447}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Ig', 'concept_id': 'C0021027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'C3', 'concept_id': 'C1305853', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_70", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008420", "caption": "Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles is present, along with scattered stellate fibroblasts.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles', 'Stellate fibroblasts', 'Telangiectasis', 'Bizarre and irregular blood vessels', 'Fibroblasts with irregular and bizarre morphology']", "noisy_text": " There's homogenization of collagen bundles. There's all of this. There's very few scattered little stellate fibroblasts. Yeah, good. So, what's the diagnosis? It's chronic radiation dermatitis. Yeah, chronic radiation dermatitis. And this is probably from the radiation. Now, it looks like solar elastosis. There may be some solar elastosis also. But if you radiate somebody's skin, they get elastotic material also. So, UV is not the only thing that causes that. You can get solar elastosis. You can also get radiation-induced elastosis. So, this is chronic radiation dermatitis in this case. You can get telangiectasis. Sometimes the blood vessels can be kind of bizarre and irregular also, fibroblasts can be stellated and irregular and bizarre. So, I don't remember what this patient had, why they were radiated, but this was chronic radiodermatitis. And they often", "corrected_text": " There's homogenization of collagen bundles. There's all of this. There's very few scattered little stellate fibroblasts. Yeah, good. So, what's the diagnosis? It's chronic radiation dermatitis. Yeah, chronic radiation dermatitis. And this is probably from the radiation. Now, it looks like solar elastosis. There may be some solar elastosis also. But if you radiate somebody's skin, they get elastotic material also. So, UV is not the only thing that causes that. You can get solar elastosis. You can also get radiation-induced elastosis. So, this is chronic radiation dermatitis in this case. You can get telangiectasis. Sometimes the blood vessels can be kind of bizarre and irregular also, fibroblasts can be stellate and irregular and bizarre. So, I don't remember what this patient had, why they were radiated, but this was chronic radiodermatitis. And they often", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Homogenization necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 0.5868868231773376}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stellate', 'concept_id': 'C0205141', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chronic radiation dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263607', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_71", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004579", "caption": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization', 'Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinization may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_72", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004448", "caption": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "corrected_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal skin', 'concept_id': 'C0558145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trait', 'concept_id': 'C0599883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.7651135921478271}, {'entity': 'fat', 'concept_id': 'C0015677', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep funiculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0241216', 'confidence': 0.7899089455604553}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interstitial regions', 'concept_id': 'C0596790', 'confidence': 0.7848911285400391}], [{'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_73", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004556", "caption": "No form material was found upon examination with routine and polarized light, and PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35c387bb-6546-430f-be13-a9ecf212d0a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['immune cells', 'dilated vessels', 'mononuclear cells', 'immune cells', 'dilated vessels', 'mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " consistent with the clinical picture of edema. And again, we've got these collections of, let me see if I can lock the slide in, collections of epithelioid histiocytes within the dermis, some adjacent to dilated vessels, and a brief, or not a brief, a very subtle cuff of mononuclear cells. Examination of these sections with routine and polarized light revealed no form material. And PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms. And on the basis of these changes and the clinical presentation, a diagnosis of metastatic Crohn's disease was", "corrected_text": " consistent with the clinical picture of edema. And again, we've got these collections of, let me see if I can lock the slide in, collections of epithelioid histiocytes within the dermis, some adjacent to dilated vessels, and a brief, or not a brief, a very subtle cuff of mononuclear cells. Examination of these sections with routine and polarized light revealed no form material. And PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms. And on the basis of these changes and the clinical presentation, a diagnosis of metastatic Crohn's disease was", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.8255378603935242}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical picture', 'concept_id': 'C4313895', 'confidence': 0.8534306883811951}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'No form', 'concept_id': 'C0348078', 'confidence': 0.840075671672821}, {'entity': 'material', 'concept_id': 'C0520510', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'routine', 'concept_id': 'C0205547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarized light', 'concept_id': 'C0599025', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GMS', 'concept_id': 'C4764197', 'confidence': 0.6768916845321655}, {'entity': 'AFB', 'concept_id': 'C0483226', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gram states', 'concept_id': 'C1301808', 'confidence': 0.7144557237625122}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': \"Metastatic Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C1304174', 'confidence': 0.923439621925354}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical presentation', 'concept_id': 'C4554564', 'confidence': 0.8858868479728699}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_74", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1007671", "caption": "The material surrounding the cyst is cheesy sebaceous material, typical of a dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Cheesy sebaceous material surrounding the cyst.', 'Stratified squamous epithelium lining of the mature cystic teratoma.']", "noisy_text": " material that is cheesy sebaceous material that is surrounding this cyst. So this is a typical gross picture of a dermoid cyst or the cystic teratoma, mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. This is the histological picture of this mature cystic teratoma. The lining epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium along with the skin adenexa that are the sebaceous glands and the sweat glands. So this is all about the mature cystic. Then the germ cell tumors, malignant germ cell tumors, these are rare. 3% of the ovarian cancers are malignant germ cell tumors.", "corrected_text": " material that is cheesy sebaceous material that is surrounding this cyst. So this is a typical gross picture of a dermoid cyst or the cystic teratoma, mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. This is the histological picture of this mature cystic teratoma. The lining epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium along with the skin adnexa that are the sebaceous glands and the sweat glands. So this is all about the mature cystic. Then the germ cell tumors, malignant germ cell tumors, these are rare. 30% of the ovarian cancers are malignant germ cell tumors.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'material', 'concept_id': 'C0520510', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cheesy', 'concept_id': 'C0423381', 'confidence': 0.7845876812934875}, {'entity': 'sebaceous material', 'concept_id': 'C0221947', 'confidence': 0.7280718088150024}, {'entity': 'dermoid cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lining', 'concept_id': 'C0205132', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin adnexa', 'concept_id': 'C0001575', 'confidence': 0.8680230379104614}, {'entity': 'sebaceous', 'concept_id': 'C0221947', 'confidence': 0.8709007501602173}, {'entity': 'sweat glands', 'concept_id': 'C0038989', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignant germ cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C4048549', 'confidence': 0.9233970046043396}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovarian cancers', 'concept_id': 'C1140680', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_75", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1006855", "caption": "Discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_64d4d5f2-c090-4c46-9f31-a82730e67136.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['hyperplastic epidermis', 'papillary epidermis', 'compact ortho', 'parakeratosis', 'patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes', 'discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis', 'dyskeratotic cells', 'verruciform xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of pericaratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical", "corrected_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of parakeratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary', 'concept_id': 'C0205312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'quantified', 'concept_id': 'C1709793', 'confidence': 0.6807526350021362}, {'entity': 'layer', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compact ortho', 'concept_id': 'C1333134', 'confidence': 0.7191344499588013}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_76", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1004455", "caption": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['H. pylori in the oil immersion', 'Goblet cells in the stomach', 'Mucin in the stomach is neutral', 'Goblet cells in the stomach', 'Mucin in the stomach is neutral']", "noisy_text": " Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies from the stomach. So when you see goblet cells in the stomach, it is intestinal metaplasia. Another thing you have to remember, the stomach is having an acid milieu, acid environment, but the mucin in the stomach is neutral, whereas the intestinal mucin is acidic. That's why in PAS, the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the", "corrected_text": " Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies from the stomach. So when you see goblet cells in the stomach, it is intestinal metaplasia. Another thing you have to remember, the stomach is having an acid milieu, acid environment, but the mucin in the stomach is neutral, whereas the intestinal mucin is acidic. That's why in PAS, the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Cytological', 'concept_id': 'C0205471', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.7603482604026794}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Difference', 'concept_id': 'C1705241', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acidity', 'concept_id': 'C0001128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_77", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006533", "caption": "DFSP is the only neoplasm that diffusely infiltrates between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_51cecd4e-d855-4e9f-87d5-a4f71e68be44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['honeycomb morphology', 'lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'lipocytes']", "noisy_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except dramatic fibrosarcoma tuberans. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "corrected_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except desmoplastic fibroblastoma. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the typical storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Honeycomb', 'concept_id': 'C0332468', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic fibroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206645', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333299', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_78", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006088", "caption": "The cells or melanocytes in this case are vesicular and type A.", "image_path": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_ae04f709-8557-46a4-90c7-3cf7136436dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanocytes are vesicular and type A.', 'Nevoid melanoma.']", "noisy_text": " cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that up and this is what it is this is a nevoid melanoma no i'm not going to go gazing looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present in the next section and i don't think you need to do any immunohistochemistry on this case it's that's just what it is a lot of people get on search and then they think gosh i need to do something so what you could do if you really wanted to you could do an hmb", "corrected_text": " cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that up and this is what it is this is a nevoid melanoma no i'm not going to go gazing looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present in the next section and i don't think you need to do any immunohistochemistry on this case it's that's just what it is a lot of people get on search and then they think gosh i need to do something so what you could do if you really wanted to you could do an hmb", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nevoid melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C1882081', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'triggers', 'concept_id': 'C0032930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'next section', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 0.7968209981918335}], [{'entity': 'No immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9730632901191711}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_79", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009290", "caption": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c1797725-96e3-4257-958d-a33f2d51e511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns', 'Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns']", "noisy_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "corrected_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'indicative', 'concept_id': 'C2985705', 'confidence': 0.7675144076347351}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'essential', 'concept_id': 'C0205224', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gallbladder', 'concept_id': 'C0016976', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bile duct', 'concept_id': 'C0005400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_80", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004643", "caption": "Intestinal metaplasia is present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria', 'muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_81", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008327", "caption": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils', 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_82", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006374", "caption": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_fddb29a4-5c9c-4710-8cbd-42083a9d7743.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the nuclei, we should also understand what are the different nuclear patterns that we will see on the histology slide. So there are two patterns that are usually described. One is called as monomorphic nuclei. So monomorphic means when all the nuclei, they appear relatively similar to each other. So if the nuclei, they're looking similar to each other, then we will say that the nuclei are monomorphic. And like in this case, you have all the nuclei which are looking", "corrected_text": " Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the nuclei, we should also understand what are the different nuclear patterns that we will see on the histology slide. So there are two patterns that are usually described. One is called as monomorphic nuclei. So monomorphic means when all the nuclei, they appear relatively similar to each other. So if the nuclei, they're looking similar to each other, then we will say that the nuclei are monomorphic. And like in this case, you have all the nuclei which are looking", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Explanation', 'concept_id': 'C0681841', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'nuclear patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.7514219284057617}, {'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slides', 'concept_id': 'C0444330', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monomorphic nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0205649', 'confidence': 0.61530601978302}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_83", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005601", "caption": "Presence of myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation can be seen in PCCs.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " What neoplasms in the skin do have a myxoid stroma but also the glandular differentiation? PCCs can have... Sometimes they can, yeah. But this one was not connected to the epidermis in any way. No, not at all. And that raises suspicion like maybe this is coming from some other organ. Okay, a metastatic leaf can do that. Yeah, like breast or some... What part of the body are we on? We are acral. Yeah, we are acral. What is a glandular neoplasm in an acral site that can sometimes have a somewhat myxoid stroma? And their neoplasm in acral... I'm not", "corrected_text": " What neoplasms in the skin do have a myxoid stroma but also the glandular differentiation? PCCs can have... Sometimes they can, yeah. But this one was not connected to the epidermis in any way. No, not at all. And that raises suspicion like maybe this is coming from some other organ. Okay, a metastatic leaf can do that. Yeah, like breast or some... What part of the body are we on? We are acral. Yeah, we are acral. What is a glandular neoplasm in an acral site that can sometimes have a somewhat myxoid stroma? And their neoplasm in acral... I'm not", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1334857', 'confidence': 0.8506528735160828}, {'entity': 'glandular differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1711212', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PCCs', 'concept_id': 'C1454906', 'confidence': 0.6863886713981628}], [{'entity': 'Suspicion', 'concept_id': 'C0242114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organ', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Metastatic lesion', 'concept_id': 'C1513183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'glandular neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0205854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral sites', 'concept_id': 'C0205145', 'confidence': 0.7343063950538635}, {'entity': 'myxoid stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1334857', 'confidence': 0.8506528735160828}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_84", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006617", "caption": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c4c5f8b8-f86e-4f9c-b7b3-ddf9060eee55.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stratified nuclei reaching middle third', 'Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Maintained polarity', 'No prominent nuclei', 'No cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'Stratified nuclei reaching middle third', 'Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Maintained polarity', 'No prominent nuclei', 'No cribriform/micropapillary formation']", "noisy_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriformic or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "corrected_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriform pattern or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'stratified cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 0.7615563869476318}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.5390191674232483}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_85", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006627", "caption": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized test tubes in a rack kind of architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "corrected_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized tubular architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0010843', 'confidence': 0.7890887260437012}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tubular', 'concept_id': 'C0151747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_86", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005466", "caption": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_87", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008590", "caption": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_88", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005876", "caption": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including cutaneous Crohn's disease.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_37553080-6eed-4b96-875a-23582869a2dc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[\"cutaneous Crohn's\", 'sarcoidosis']", "noisy_text": " So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. Caneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. Caneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of real sarcoid. But, obviously, it's a clinical pathologic correlative diagnosis. Okay, this is", "corrected_text": " So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. cutaneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. cutaneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of real sarcoid. But, obviously, it's a clinical pathologic correlative diagnosis. Okay, this is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical manifestations', 'concept_id': 'C4231046', 'confidence': 0.9626281261444092}, {'entity': \"cutaneous Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8764320611953735}], [{'entity': \"Cutaneous Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8764320611953735}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_89", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006373", "caption": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96305b37-895c-472d-81ed-c73675997c03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_90", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005408", "caption": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma, but developed a sarcomatous area within it, becoming a leiomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Benign leiomyoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma with zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells']", "noisy_text": " So this lesion probably started off as a benign lyomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very incised and shaped. There's quite a few mitoses. So this is an example of a lyomyosarcoma that probably started off as a lyomyoma and just developed a sarcomatous area within it. So these are, they're kind of a different animal than just", "corrected_text": " So this lesion probably started off as a benign leiomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing leiomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very incised and shaped. There's quite a few mitoses. So this is an example of a leiomyosarcoma that probably started off as a leiomyoma and just developed a sarcomatous area within it. So these are, they're kind of a different animal than just", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign leiomyoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023267', 'confidence': 0.9082092046737671}, {'entity': 'sarcomatous area', 'concept_id': 'C0334513', 'confidence': 0.7075703144073486}, {'entity': 'leiomyosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023269', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_91", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008397", "caption": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_937f5af8-c118-413b-9509-acbdde06cba9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and who should be receiving other treatments other than immune suppression. So, just have this, you know,", "corrected_text": " other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and who should be receiving other treatments other than immune suppression. So, just have this, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_92", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004665", "caption": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['teratoma component', 'prostate', 'bladder', 'positive digital rectal examination', 'elevated PSA level']", "noisy_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, semi-normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "corrected_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'level', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_93", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005409", "caption": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells with many mitoses.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Benign leiomyoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma with zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells']", "noisy_text": " So this lesion probably started off as a benign lyomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very incised and shaped. There's quite a few mitoses. So this is an example of a lyomyosarcoma that probably started off as a lyomyoma and just developed a sarcomatous area within it. So these are, they're kind of a different animal than just", "corrected_text": " So this lesion probably started off as a benign leiomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing leiomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very incised and shaped. There's quite a few mitoses. So this is an example of a leiomyosarcoma that probably started off as a leiomyoma and just developed a sarcomatous area within it. So these are, they're kind of a different animal than just", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign leiomyoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023267', 'confidence': 0.9082092046737671}, {'entity': 'sarcomatous area', 'concept_id': 'C0334513', 'confidence': 0.7075703144073486}, {'entity': 'leiomyosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023269', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_94", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007452", "caption": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ea289d78-ddcf-4e88-889c-f81b330d7002.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['body of the stomach']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "corrected_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}], [{'entity': 'Pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_95", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008507", "caption": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_650589f2-51ab-4da8-b7f0-19ff3670641c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cryptitis', 'Crypt abscess', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.', 'Cryptitis', 'Crypt abscess', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.']", "noisy_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "corrected_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0014868', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_96", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005719", "caption": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_58ea89e7-01d3-42bd-ae6c-2fd10813005a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_97", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004773", "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma', 'Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_98", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005630", "caption": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocentaurant rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocentaurant is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "corrected_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocyanin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocyanin rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocyanin is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breakdown', 'concept_id': 'C0699900', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'product', 'concept_id': 'C1254351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RBCs', 'concept_id': 'C0014792', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'particles', 'concept_id': 'C0597177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Special stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.7105166912078857}, {'entity': 'Prussian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0060234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Fontana-Masson', 'concept_id': 'C0060631', 'confidence': 0.9090515375137329}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_99", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005211", "caption": "The infected histiocytes contain round organisms at the periphery that are about one to two microns in size.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'organisms', 'infected histiocytes', 'large histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "corrected_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_100", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008379", "caption": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_101", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004566", "caption": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_696fff92-e7f8-488a-b300-00e801fa69d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Relatively dense fibrous stroma', 'No clefting between the lesion']", "noisy_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodyscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "corrected_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodiscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Describes', 'concept_id': 'C1552738', 'confidence': 0.7625278830528259}, {'entity': 'physical characteristics', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 0.8302092552185059}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Trichodiscoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perifollicular fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C1704236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_102", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009219", "caption": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_103", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007997", "caption": "Sarcoid granulomatous inflammation can involve damaged nerves and cause high-risk inflammatory reactions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'foreign bodies', 'involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'foreign bodies']", "noisy_text": " Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't it here that we, not long ago, we saw a sarcoidal reaction for a foreign body? Yeah, there are several foreign bodies that can do it. Silica can", "corrected_text": " Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The non-caseating? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoid granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't it here that we, not long ago, we saw a sarcoid reaction for a foreign body? Yeah, there are several foreign bodies that can do it. Silica can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged', 'concept_id': 'C1881662', 'confidence': 0.8042823076248169}, {'entity': 'nerves', 'concept_id': 'C0027740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-risk', 'concept_id': 'C0556482', 'confidence': 0.9005044102668762}, {'entity': 'inflammatory reactions', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 0.9414709806442261}], [{'entity': 'Foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_104", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008118", "caption": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_05141636-bad5-4f26-a02c-efb30f02bb6a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_105", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006949", "caption": "Spongiosis is the histologic reaction pattern observed.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seiboceriasis, try to avoid the term seiboceriasis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "corrected_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seborrheic dermatitis, try to avoid the term seborrheic dermatitis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Psoriasiform hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C3281279', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psoriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0033860', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_106", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008504", "caption": "Molecular pathology should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['synovial sarcoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'FUS gene rearrangement']", "noisy_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put", "corrected_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS gene rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunohistochemistry findings. Put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Keratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TLE1', 'concept_id': 'C1420752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CREB3L2', 'concept_id': 'C1428221', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'genes', 'concept_id': 'C0017337', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Break apart FISH', 'concept_id': 'C3831569', 'confidence': 0.7467014789581299}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_107", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005768", "caption": "Distinguishing low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma can be done histologically with H and E staining.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_26eba169-a38a-4e4c-beb5-90c792b38be4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So by that time the patient may have moved, forgotten all about the supposedly benign mass they had removed years and years ago and so that's why it took a long time for people to figure out that this was actually a malignancy. So the way that I'm making a separate video which I'll put a link up in the upper right hand corner here and also in the video description, I'm making a video to quickly explain a quick overview of explaining how to tell apart low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma. The names sound similar but they're very different tumors histologically and are easy to separate most of the time just on H and E. But this video is going to be all about low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so this is the more in-depth look", "corrected_text": " So by that time the patient may have moved, forgotten all about the supposedly benign mass they had removed years and years ago and so that's why it took a long time for people to figure out that this was actually a malignancy. So the way that I'm making a separate video which I'll put a link up in the upper right hand corner here and also in the video description, I'm making a video to quickly explain a quick overview of explaining how to tell apart low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma. The names sound similar but they're very different tumors histologically and are easy to separate most of the time just on H and E. But this video is going to be all about low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so this is the more in-depth look", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'benign mass', 'concept_id': 'C0741729', 'confidence': 0.824069619178772}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H', 'concept_id': 'C0011892', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_108", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006346", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_109", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006029", "caption": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_110", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008248", "caption": "Possible diagnoses for eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_738b0f80-c875-4e25-b895-5b195c1eee12.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['cryptitis', 'crypt abscess', 'variation in size', 'granulomas in the lamina propria', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious,", "corrected_text": " If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagus', 'concept_id': 'C0014876', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_111", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004852", "caption": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_19aa8aed-777d-42ce-86ba-d1ced38cb3a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle', 'dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle']", "noisy_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "corrected_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign papule', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7019047737121582}, {'entity': 'dilated blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferating sebaceous lobules', 'concept_id': 'C0221946', 'confidence': 0.7654090523719788}, {'entity': 'components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 0.7906183004379272}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_112", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004879", "caption": "In some cases, there may be no well-differentiated or conventional cancer present, only small cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma intimately associated with small cell carcinoma.']", "noisy_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "corrected_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate tissue', 'concept_id': 'C1514521', 'confidence': 0.8824390769004822}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3642254', 'confidence': 0.7883367538452148}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conventional', 'concept_id': 'C0439858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'present', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'decisions', 'concept_id': 'C0679006', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_113", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009189", "caption": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_8719a918-3d61-4562-a7aa-46ed30bc631f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers']", "noisy_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "corrected_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_114", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008810", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bf40e274-39ca-4e88-8697-cd860ef12b46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['synovial sarcoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'FUS gene rearrangement']", "noisy_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put", "corrected_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS gene rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunohistochemistry findings. Put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Keratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TLE1', 'concept_id': 'C1420752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CREB3L2', 'concept_id': 'C1428221', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'genes', 'concept_id': 'C0017337', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Break apart FISH', 'concept_id': 'C3831569', 'confidence': 0.7467014789581299}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_115", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004817", "caption": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_116", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008398", "caption": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f1a2a4a2-c044-49f8-8c53-33f5703c356d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "corrected_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracryptal', 'concept_id': 'C3315370', 'confidence': 0.626490592956543}, {'entity': 'microapses', 'concept_id': 'C0700712', 'confidence': 0.5626617074012756}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0230649', 'confidence': 0.8670988082885742}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degenerating', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C0042219', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_117", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008866", "caption": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_118", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006185", "caption": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_119", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005038", "caption": "A florid host inflammatory response is present.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['tumor', 'prostatic urethra', 'inflammatory response']", "noisy_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. Urethelial carcinoma can do that. But this specular entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "corrected_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. urothelial carcinoma can do that. But this specific entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'destroying', 'concept_id': 'C1948029', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'prostatic urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0458450', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colorectal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0009402', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urothelial carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'destroy', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_120", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008336", "caption": "C. diff can mimic ischemia, with pink and hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff', 'lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had Clostridioides difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excluded', 'concept_id': 'C0332196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'C. diff', 'concept_id': 'C0238106', 'confidence': 0.8398770093917847}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'architectural changes', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.7067119479179382}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_121", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005976", "caption": "The image shows goblet cells in gastric mucosa, which take blue color in Alcian blue and PAS color in gastric epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0baeb78a-9b1a-43f2-9fbf-1489590fba99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Goblet cells in gastric mucosa', 'Peritoneal cells in the body of the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in algean blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is algean blue PAS, intersternal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "corrected_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in Alcian blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is Alcian blue PAS, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visualized', 'concept_id': 'C0234621', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H&E stain', 'concept_id': 'C0523207', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue color', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Alcian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0001933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'color', 'concept_id': 'C0009393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0227208', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_122", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008548", "caption": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e11f3585-603a-4ed6-9ae4-66b1567e4da2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stratified nuclei reaching middle third', 'Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Maintained polarity', 'No prominent nuclei', 'No cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'Stratified nuclei reaching middle third', 'Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Maintained polarity', 'No prominent nuclei', 'No cribriform/micropapillary formation']", "noisy_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriformic or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "corrected_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriform pattern or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'stratified cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 0.7615563869476318}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.5390191674232483}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_123", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006571", "caption": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain', 'myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_124", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008012", "caption": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['spindle-shaped cells']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_125", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008165", "caption": "Comparison between schwannoma and neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, which has a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules and can be difficult to distinguish from a neuroblastoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d99b722-45c0-4960-9a82-7af6aaa3343b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor", "corrected_text": " Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.6513785719871521}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_126", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007293", "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium are signs of dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Dysplasia', 'Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Dysplasia']", "noisy_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably crib reforming maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "corrected_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably cribriform maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplastic epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1512100', 'confidence': 0.8234760165214539}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_127", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005041", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_357fb809-5787-4b42-97c0-fdc9d593edfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_128", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005006", "caption": "Metastatic ductal carcinoma, like breast cancer, can be differentiated from other neoplasms based on its diffuse nature and extension to the surface.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a31970dc-8873-40ea-8c59-5565a7d97016.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Metastatic ductal carcinoma', 'Sclerosing epithelial neoplasm', 'Fibrous stroma', 'Calcification', 'Duct-like structures']", "noisy_text": " I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the difference between metastatic ductal carcinoma like a breast cancer in this, that usually that's not that difficult of a diagnosis especially if it's diffused like that and it extends to the surface. Here's another sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. And notice the stroma here. Can you tell the difference between this stroma and the one we just looked at in the MAC? See how fibrous this stroma is. These are more basophilic cells. There's calcification here. There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is", "corrected_text": " I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the difference between metastatic ductal carcinoma like a breast cancer in this, that usually that's not that difficult of a diagnosis especially if it's diffused like that and it extends to the surface. Here's another sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. And notice the stroma here. Can you tell the difference between this stroma and the one we just looked at in the MAC? See how fibrous this stroma is. These are more basophilic cells. There's calcification here. There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastatic ductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C2698203', 'confidence': 0.8917744159698486}, {'entity': 'breast cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006142', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extension', 'concept_id': 'C0231448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_129", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006585", "caption": "Presence of Brenner tumor in the ovary, which can be benign or show aggressive behavior and infiltrate ovarian stroma, leading to transitional cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ovary', 'Brenner tumor', 'ovary', 'transitional cell carcinoma', 'papillary structures', 'transitional type cells', 'invasion']", "noisy_text": " in the ovary and they do not show invasion you will call that this is a benign Brenner tumor. But when these cells these show aggressive behavior, they show ATPR and they infiltrate ovarian stroma then it will be named as transitional cell carcinoma. This is Brenner borderline tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urethelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion", "corrected_text": " in the ovary and they do not show invasion you will call that this is a benign Brenner tumor. But when these cells these show aggressive behavior, they show ATPR and they infiltrate ovarian stroma then it will be named as transitional cell carcinoma. This is Brenner borderline tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urothelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Brenner tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006160', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggressive behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1518174', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Brenner borderline tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0334494', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'papillary structures', 'concept_id': 'C0030352', 'confidence': 0.7890171408653259}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_130", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004746", "caption": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_131", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008037", "caption": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65252231-b45f-4d69-a856-883d8bb672e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "corrected_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'collection', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_132", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005564", "caption": "Cylindromas are a close cousin of spear adenomas that also show differentiation towards the secretory gland.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8408bd75-b7f3-445a-bea2-27b09285f5d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['blue balls in the dermis', 'lymphocytes sprinkled throughout the tumor', 'tumor islands surrounded by a highland sheet', 'lymphocytes sprinkled throughout the tumor']", "noisy_text": " findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of a spear adenoma. Same two cell types really can be seen in cylindromes as well. A close cousin of spear adenomas that also show differentiation towards the secretory gland. They generally lack, however, the lymphocytes sprinkled throughout the tumor. And of course, the tumor islands are surrounded by a highland sheet, but otherwise, the composition of the two tumors is similar. And it's not unusual at all to see tumors that show features of both types of neoplasms and a given biopsy. Moving on to slide number four. Slide number four is, was rather, a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And", "corrected_text": " findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of a spear adenoma. Same two cell types really can be seen in cylindromas as well. A close cousin of spear adenomas that also show differentiation towards the secretory gland. They generally lack, however, the lymphocytes sprinkled throughout the tumor. And of course, the tumor islands are surrounded by a highland sheet, but otherwise, the composition of the two tumors is similar. And it's not unusual at all to see tumors that show features of both types of neoplasms and a given biopsy. Moving on to slide number four. Slide number four is, was rather, a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'blue balls', 'concept_id': 'C0010520', 'confidence': 0.7417093515396118}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'light', 'concept_id': 'C0023693', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sprinkling', 'concept_id': 'C0439817', 'confidence': 0.7550094723701477}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ducts', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'edematous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1333376', 'confidence': 0.8675230145454407}, {'entity': 'diagnostic', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}], [{'entity': 'Spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}, {'entity': 'glandular neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0205854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretory', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'white gland', 'concept_id': 'C0007457', 'confidence': 0.7922286987304688}], [{'entity': 'Cylindromas', 'concept_id': 'C0010606', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cousin', 'concept_id': 'C0337580', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spear adenomas', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7862440347671509}, {'entity': 'differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretory gland', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8326038718223572}], [{'entity': 'Tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_133", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007870", "caption": "The basal cell markers are positive in the glands, indicating they are benign.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['The focus of interest', 'The glands with positive basal cell markers', 'The focus of interest', 'The glands with positive basal cell markers']", "noisy_text": " And this is the focus of interest right here. So again, for the medical students who are in the audience, the pink cocktail is a combination of hemoglobin cytokeratin, P63, and P504S, also known as Amacar. P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells. P63 is a nuclear stain, and the hemoglobin cytokeratin is more of a wispy kind of membrane on cytoplasmic stain. So as you can see, it's always important to look at the internal control. Any time you get a stain, you want to look at the glands you know are benign. You want to make sure the stain worked very well, because if the stain didn't work very well, that can get you in trouble when you're looking at the focus of interest. But if we come back to this particular case here, we can see that the stains worked very well. The basal cell markers are positive in the glands. We are comfortable or benign. The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that", "corrected_text": " And this is the focus of interest right here. So again, for the medical students who are in the audience, the pink cocktail is a combination of hemoglobin cytokeratin, P63, and P504S, also known as Amacar. P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells. P63 is a nuclear stain, and the hemoglobin cytokeratin is more of a wispy kind of membrane on cytoplasmic stain. So as you can see, it's always important to look at the internal control. Any time you get a stain, you want to look at the glands you know are benign. You want to make sure the stain worked very well, because if the stain didn't work very well, that can get you in trouble when you're looking at the focus of interest. But if we come back to this particular case here, we can see that the stains worked very well. The basal cell markers are positive in the glands. We are comfortable or benign. The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'pink cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 0.8575658798217773}, {'entity': 'combination', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P504S', 'concept_id': 'C1172764', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Amacar', 'concept_id': 'C3469830', 'confidence': 0.649845540523529}], [{'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'internal control', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_134", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005790", "caption": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['elastic cartilage', 'lacunas', 'chondrocytes', 'external ear', 'epiglottis', 'reticular connective tissue', 'epithelial tissue']", "noisy_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "corrected_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examined', 'concept_id': 'C0332128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lacunas', 'concept_id': 'C1459585', 'confidence': 0.8563621044158936}, {'entity': 'chondrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225369', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'external ear', 'concept_id': 'C0013453', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epiglottis', 'concept_id': 'C0014540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reticular', 'concept_id': 'C0439739', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_135", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008699", "caption": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_136", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007440", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_137", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008700", "caption": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_138", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006988", "caption": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.']", "noisy_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "corrected_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'wispy cytoplasmic stain', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.6738394498825073}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diffuse positive P63 staining', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.5406208634376526}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P63 prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 0.7053087949752808}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_139", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008634", "caption": "Specimen appears well-circumscribed but has some features that raise suspicion for malignancy, such as being bottombulky and asymmetrical.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_50611b7f-cef4-4bbb-855a-ac0e7ebc59e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['malignant', 'malignant', 'neoplasm', 'dermis', 'eosinophilic ball cells', 'malignant', 'benign', 'necrosis']", "noisy_text": " OK, let's give this one a go. Yeah, I can do this one. So looks like we have a, I mean, I'm thinking this is probably malignant. Oh, sorry, it's not inflammatory. It's some proliferation of cells here. And this is likely, it's a eosinophilic, well-encapsulated. So you think it's a neoplasm? Yeah, it's a neoplastic process that it's, yeah. So I'm seeing eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis. I don't think that I can say much more at this point. You can, you can. So do you think it's epithelial or non-epithelial? It's probably not epithelial. Good, good, good. And you know, at low power, that's fine. You can say probably this, because you're going to confirm it when you go to higher magnitudes. That's perfectly fine. At low power, sometimes you can make an instant diagnosis. If you see molluscum bodies at low power, you just move on to the next case. Or you see herpes varus, you're gone, you're finished. You don't have to waste time on it anymore. But if it's something like this, you say, well, yeah, it looks like it's probably non-epithelial. Sometimes you can get spindle-shaped cells in an epithelial neoplasm, like a squamous cell, spindle cell, squamous cell. So we're not sure, but you're right. At low power, it seems like it's probably going to be non-epithelial. Certainly doesn't look like any typical epithelial structure. And it's interesting. You said it looks kind of well-circumscribed. I agree. But it's got a, this is a pretty low power view, and it's a pretty big specimen. So it's large, and it's kind of bottom-heavy. So you said at low power, you thought it was malignant. So why did you say malignant? Sorry, I meant neoplastic. I don't think, I mean, it looks very well-capsulated, and it looks like it's probably completely removed. So I actually, I favor benign, but it might be benign. Yeah, I agree, it could be benign. But it does have a couple of features a little bit weird. It's bottom-heavy, which that kind of makes you say, well, you be careful, because bottom-heavy neoplasm can sometimes be malignant, even though they kind of look well-circumscribed. It's a little bit asymmetrical. We draw a line down the middle of it. I mean, this little piece over here is kind of sticking out versus over here. So it may be benign, because it seems to be well-circumscribed, but it's got a couple of criteria that we wonder at low power. Maybe we're going to make sure that it's not malignant. This may even be some necrosis on moss in here, which is another feature of malignant. So we're going to have magnification. Let's see what", "corrected_text": " OK, let's give this one a go. Yeah, I can do this one. So looks like we have a, I mean, I'm thinking this is probably malignant. Oh, sorry, it's not inflammatory. It's some proliferation of cells here. And this is likely, it's a eosinophilic, well-encapsulated. So you think it's a neoplasm? Yeah, it's a neoplastic process that it's, yeah. So I'm seeing eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis. I don't think that I can say much more at this point. You can, you can. So do you think it's epithelial or non-epithelial? It's probably not epithelial. Good, good, good. And you know, at low power, that's fine. You can say probably this, because you're going to confirm it when you go to higher magnitudes. That's perfectly fine. At low power, sometimes you can make an instant diagnosis. If you see molluscum bodies at low power, you just move on to the next case. Or you see herpes varus, you're gone, you're finished. You don't have to waste time on it anymore. But if it's something like this, you say, well, yeah, it looks like it's probably non-epithelial. Sometimes you can get spindle-shaped cells in an epithelial neoplasm, like a squamous cell, spindle cell, squamous cell. So we're not sure, but you're right. At low power, it seems like it's probably going to be non-epithelial. Certainly doesn't look like any typical epithelial structure. And it's interesting. You said it looks kind of well-circumscribed. I agree. But it's got a, this is a pretty low power view, and it's a pretty big specimen. So it's large, and it's kind of bottombulky. So you said at low power, you thought it was malignant. So why did you say malignant? Sorry, I meant neoplastic. I don't think, I mean, it looks very well-capsulated, and it looks like it's probably completely removed. So I actually, I favor benign, but it might be benign. Yeah, I agree, it could be benign. But it does have a couple of features a little bit weird. It's bottombulky, which that kind of makes you say, well, you be careful, because bottombulky neoplasm can sometimes be malignant, even though they kind of look well-circumscribed. It's a little bit asymmetrical. We draw a line down the middle of it. I mean, this little piece over here is kind of sticking out versus over here. So it may be benign, because it seems to be well-circumscribed, but it's got a couple of criteria that we wonder at low power. Maybe we're going to make sure that it's not malignant. This may even be some necrosis on moss in here, which is another feature of malignant. So we're going to have magnification. Let's see what", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic ball cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682547', 'confidence': 0.8429232835769653}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Uncertain', 'concept_id': 'C0087130', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0809966', 'confidence': 0.7444443106651306}], [{'entity': 'Specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicion', 'concept_id': 'C0242114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bottombulky', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.5303326845169067}, {'entity': 'asymmetrical', 'concept_id': 'C0332514', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'magnification', 'concept_id': 'C5197828', 'confidence': 0.9129886031150818}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_140", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007971", "caption": "STOMPs can recur and may progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6']", "noisy_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'll expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "corrected_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrating', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STOMP', 'concept_id': 'C0056167', 'confidence': 0.6245664358139038}, {'entity': 'stromal tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0879615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'potential', 'concept_id': 'C3245505', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STOMPs', 'concept_id': 'C0577018', 'confidence': 0.6140404343605042}, {'entity': 'recur', 'concept_id': 'C0034897', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'progress', 'concept_id': 'C1272688', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1521760', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entities', 'concept_id': 'C0424215', 'confidence': 0.7521668672561646}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STAT6', 'concept_id': 'C0297890', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_141", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008547", "caption": "There are localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, both with balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['ladybug or ladybird cells', 'CSF1R gene', 'tenosynovial giant cell tumor', 'giant cell tumor of soft tissue', 'peripheral ossification']", "noisy_text": " Often, the hemosiderin likes to accumulate in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery. These are referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells. So far, I've only talked about localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor. However, there is also a diffuse type. This type commonly arises in the larger joints and carries a risk of significant morbidity, since negative margins can be difficult to obtain. Both the localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor have balanced translocations involving the chromosomal region of 1p13, which includes the CSF1 gene. Overexpression of CSF1 by tumor cells is what is thought to cause the recruitment of osteoclasts like giant cells. There are also giant cell tumors arising in the soft tissue and bone, and I'm going to talk a little bit about those. Giant cell tumor of soft tissue arises in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myocytosis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell", "corrected_text": " Often, the hemosiderin likes to accumulate in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery. These are referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells. So far, I've only talked about localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor. However, there is also a diffuse type. This type commonly arises in the larger joints and carries a risk of significant morbidity, since negative margins can be difficult to obtain. Both the localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor have balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene the chromosomal region of 1p13, which includes the CSF1 gene. Overexpression of CSF1 by tumor cells is what is thought to cause the recruitment of osteoclasts like giant cells. There are also giant cell tumors arising in the soft tissue and bone, and I'm going to talk a little bit about those. Giant cell tumor of soft tissue arises in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myositis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'accumulates', 'concept_id': 'C4055506', 'confidence': 0.8533105254173279}, {'entity': 'mononuclear tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 0.8775115013122559}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'ladybug', 'concept_id': 'C0886269', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ladybird cells', 'concept_id': 'C0998434', 'confidence': 0.736539363861084}], [{'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tenosynovial giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1318543', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'balanced', 'concept_id': 'C0205415', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocations', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CSF1R gene', 'concept_id': 'C0879468', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissues', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'arm', 'concept_id': 'C0003798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thigh', 'concept_id': 'C0039866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'calf', 'concept_id': 'C0230445', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral ossification', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7698169350624084}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_142", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006348", "caption": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_143", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007908", "caption": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e0449f7-f5a1-41db-ba0e-90731b4390d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen', 'Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen', 'Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen']", "noisy_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemociderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "corrected_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemosiderotic variant of dermatofibroma of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0019618', 'confidence': 0.7253735065460205}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'trapping', 'concept_id': 'C0282665', 'confidence': 0.8904784917831421}, {'entity': 'ring siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.6553963422775269}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'aneurysmal type', 'concept_id': 'C0439651', 'confidence': 0.8459930419921875}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0018916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_144", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006801", "caption": "The cells in the epidermis have a pale to clear appearance due to increased glycogen.", "image_path": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_ba43aac1-7033-4032-9341-7dd3625772bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['acanthosis', 'increased glycogen in cells']", "noisy_text": " So let us discuss about Clear cell acanthoma. Clear cell acanthomas are seen usually in the middle aged and older individuals and the usual site is the lower extremity. Even at this very low power if we see we can see that there is acanthosis that is thickening of this epidermis. So this is the normal skin and this is the normal skin and this is the lesion. So first we have to identify the normal skin. This is normal skin and this is the lesion, normal skin on either sides. And there is a marked acanthosis, a kind of psoriasis form if you will. And here the retrogrids are also quite elongated compared to the normal and they are fused with each other. So the retrogrids at this low power if you look there is a keratosis. In high power we can see that this is parakeratosis. And again these capillaries here are dilated. So we can see in this low power and the most striking feature is there is a kind of pale look to these cells in the epidermis, the skin at no sites. And they are kind of fused with clear, so clear to pale cells. And here there is a sharp demarcation between the abnormal clear to pale cells and the normal cells. So this clear demarcation is a very impressive sign for this entity. Here also we can see this is normal and here there is a clear demarcation. So this pale to clear look is due to increased glycogen in these cells. So these cells have increased glycogen within them. And the second reason is that there", "corrected_text": " So let us discuss about Clear cell acanthoma. Clear cell acanthomas are seen usually in the middle aged and older individuals and the usual site is the lower extremity. Even at this very low power if we see we can see that there is acanthosis that is thickening of this epidermis. So this is the normal skin and this is the normal skin and this is the lesion. So first we have to identify the normal skin. This is normal skin and this is the lesion, normal skin on either sides. And there is a marked acanthosis, a kind of psoriasis form if you will. And here the rete ridges are also quite elongated compared to the normal and they are fused with each other. So the rete ridges at this low power if you look there is a keratosis. In high power we can see that this is parakeratosis. And again these capillaries here are dilated. So we can see in this low power and the most striking feature is there is a kind of pale look to these cells in the epidermis, the skin at no sites. And they are kind of fused with clear, so clear to pale cells. And here there is a sharp demarcation between the abnormal clear to pale cells and the normal cells. So this clear demarcation is a very impressive sign for this entity. Here also we can see this is normal and here there is a clear demarcation. So this pale to clear look is due to increased glycogen in these cells. So these cells have increased glycogen within them. And the second reason is that there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clear cell acanthomas', 'concept_id': 'C0333992', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'middle-aged', 'concept_id': 'C3825963', 'confidence': 0.9554211497306824}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'lower extremities', 'concept_id': 'C0023216', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'acanthosis', 'concept_id': 'C0221270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elongated', 'concept_id': 'C0205166', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fused', 'concept_id': 'C0699952', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glycogen', 'concept_id': 'C0017911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_145", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008392", "caption": "Superficial soft tissue tumors may have a rim of peripheral ossification, which may suggest myositis ossificans based on imaging findings.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myocytosis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell tumor of bone usually arises in the epiphyseal region of long bones, but may extend into the adjacent soft tissues. However, this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions. These tumors also have a characteristic mutation in histone H3.3, with over 90% having the G34W point mutation. And that's all I have for now. If you would like", "corrected_text": " in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myositis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell tumor of bone usually arises in the giant cell tumor of bone, but may extend into the adjacent soft tissues. However, this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions. These tumors also have a characteristic mutation in histone H3.3, with over 90% having the G34W point mutation. And that's all I have for now. If you would like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral ossification', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7698169350624084}, {'entity': 'myositis', 'concept_id': 'C0027121', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7851274013519287}, {'entity': 'imaging', 'concept_id': 'C0011923', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissues', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mutation', 'concept_id': 'C0026882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histone', 'concept_id': 'C0019652', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H3.3', 'concept_id': 'C0086412', 'confidence': 0.8155916929244995}, {'entity': 'G34W point mutation', 'concept_id': 'C0162735', 'confidence': 0.5941656231880188}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_146", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007484", "caption": "Clinical description of a skin condition with small individual papules that have a central crust, often on perioral skin.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_147", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008493", "caption": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_aabd9516-518b-4ec6-b3c7-8960c3f0b8f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Nuclei reaching the surface']", "noisy_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriformic for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "corrected_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriform for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraluminal proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.7116578221321106}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_148", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005498", "caption": "Choriocarcinoma of the ovary, also known as non-gestational choriocarcinoma, secretes human chorionic gonadotropin.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Immature teratoma with premature cells invading ovarian stroma', 'Choriocarcinoma of the ovary']", "noisy_text": " germ cell tumors. You may find malignant teratoma or immature teratoma. Immature teratoma is commonly seen in case of the males. In females the most common teratoma is mature cystic teratoma that is benign tumor. This is immature teratoma, immature teratoma in which you see the premature cells, the neuronal cells and these are invading the stroma, the ovarian stroma. So these contain premature elements. Next is the choriocarcinoma of the ovary that is called non-gestational choriocarcinoma and it secretes human chorionic gonadotropin. It may be", "corrected_text": " germ cell tumors. You may find malignant teratoma or immature teratoma. Immature teratoma is commonly seen in case of the males. In females the most common teratoma is mature cystic teratoma that is benign tumor. This is immature teratoma, immature teratoma in which you see the premature cells, the neuronal cells and these are invading the stroma, the ovarian stroma. So these contain premature elements. Next is the choriocarcinoma of the ovary that is called non-gestational choriocarcinoma and it secretes human chorionic gonadotropin. It may be", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'germ cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0205851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immature', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immature teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'females', 'concept_id': 'C0086287', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'immature', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'premature cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 0.7552258372306824}, {'entity': 'neuronal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0027882', 'confidence': 0.7867127656936646}, {'entity': 'invade', 'concept_id': 'C1517574', 'confidence': 0.857607364654541}, {'entity': 'ovarian stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0227896', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Choriocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0008497', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-gestational choriocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1135873', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretes', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8702053427696228}, {'entity': 'human', 'concept_id': 'C0086418', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_149", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005609", "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed.", "image_path": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_d219f4dd-4f92-4b07-bb6a-45f0b283bb0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Foreign body giant cells seen around some foreign material', 'Brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin']", "noisy_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "corrected_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multinucleated giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'foreign body giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017527', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foreign material', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'phagocytosed', 'concept_id': 'C0031308', 'confidence': 0.920818030834198}, {'entity': 'destroyed', 'concept_id': 'C3830528', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_150", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004900", "caption": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_151", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008391", "caption": "Giant cell tumor of bone may extend into adjacent soft tissues, but this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myocytosis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell tumor of bone usually arises in the epiphyseal region of long bones, but may extend into the adjacent soft tissues. However, this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions. These tumors also have a characteristic mutation in histone H3.3, with over 90% having the G34W point mutation. And that's all I have for now. If you would like", "corrected_text": " in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myositis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell tumor of bone usually arises in the giant cell tumor of bone, but may extend into the adjacent soft tissues. However, this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions. These tumors also have a characteristic mutation in histone H3.3, with over 90% having the G34W point mutation. And that's all I have for now. If you would like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral ossification', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7698169350624084}, {'entity': 'myositis', 'concept_id': 'C0027121', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7851274013519287}, {'entity': 'imaging', 'concept_id': 'C0011923', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissues', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bone', 'concept_id': 'C0005931', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mutation', 'concept_id': 'C0026882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histone', 'concept_id': 'C0019652', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H3.3', 'concept_id': 'C0086412', 'confidence': 0.8155916929244995}, {'entity': 'G34W point mutation', 'concept_id': 'C0162735', 'confidence': 0.5941656231880188}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_152", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007036", "caption": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_153", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008814", "caption": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_154", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005854", "caption": "The band of inflammatory cells and capillaries is thick and irregular, with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium', 'gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium']", "noisy_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "corrected_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'expansion', 'concept_id': 'C0007595', 'confidence': 0.8664658665657043}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_155", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008954", "caption": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_156", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004877", "caption": "Bladder neck tissue can be present in a TUR-BT sample and prostate tissue can be present in a TUR-P sample.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma intimately associated with small cell carcinoma.']", "noisy_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "corrected_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate tissue', 'concept_id': 'C1514521', 'confidence': 0.8824390769004822}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3642254', 'confidence': 0.7883367538452148}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conventional', 'concept_id': 'C0439858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'present', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'decisions', 'concept_id': 'C0679006', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_157", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005995", "caption": "Relatively normal bone marrow with trilinear hematopoiesis and normal cellularity.", "image_path": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_e2584fb4-94f6-433a-989a-48f60a75a639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "roi_text": "['Increase in eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " even with the normal marrow, you have some increase in eosinophils, but we know in perspective with this person having asthma, some of that eosinophilia is coming from this person's history of asthma, but there's quite a bit of eosinophils there, but the ME ratio was adequate, maybe four to one in evidence of trilinear hematopoiesis, and so this was a relatively 80% bone marrow with normal cellularity and trilinear hematopoiesis, so very normal looking bone marrow, and I do that, I have a few plasma cells in here as well, but they're not to", "corrected_text": " even with the normal marrow, you have some increase in eosinophils, but we know in perspective with this person having asthma, some of that eosinophilia is coming from this person's history of asthma, but there's quite a bit of eosinophils there, but the ME ratio was adequate, maybe four to one in evidence of trilinear hematopoiesis, and so this was a relatively 80% bone marrow with normal cellularity and trilinear hematopoiesis, so very normal looking bone marrow, and I do that, I have a few plasma cells in here as well, but they're not to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increase', 'concept_id': 'C0442805', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal marrow', 'concept_id': 'C1292131', 'confidence': 0.8076969981193542}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient\u2019s history of asthma', 'concept_id': 'C0455544', 'confidence': 0.8792974948883057}], [{'entity': 'bone marrow', 'concept_id': 'C0005953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trilinear hematopoiesis', 'concept_id': 'C0018951', 'confidence': 0.7991899251937866}, {'entity': 'normal cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.8253751993179321}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "608.0", "id": "test_158", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005556", "caption": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_35ef396e-6c1e-419c-aa25-1ce82bbc4f71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia']", "noisy_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "corrected_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0007637', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV infection', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_159", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008444", "caption": "CD34 can help diagnose deep soft tissue tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth', 'Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_160", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006050", "caption": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_161", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006973", "caption": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_822a110c-72bb-4114-b0ac-78a3f657409d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Distorted architecture of the glands.', 'Distorted architecture of the glands.']", "noisy_text": " architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology, but what other features would you expect to see in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? I don't remember, I think this is obviously from the right colon. So, if we see it here, it doesn't matter. But in cases from the left colon, what's a good finding that indicates chronicity? Yes,", "corrected_text": " architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology, but what other features would you expect to see in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? I don't remember, I think this is obviously from the right colon. So, if we see it here, it doesn't matter. But in cases from the left colon, what's a good finding that indicates chronicity? Yes,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'distorted', 'concept_id': 'C0700135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic inflammatory colonic', 'concept_id': 'C0021376', 'confidence': 0.8024523258209229}, {'entity': 'pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0030664', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_162", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007442", "caption": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_163", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004606", "caption": "There are not many viable adipocytes left in the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes', 'Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes']", "noisy_text": " injurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a rip-roaring paniculitis here. We have a lobular paniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "corrected_text": " indurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a lobular panniculitis here. We have a lobular panniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'indurated', 'concept_id': 'C0702114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'yellow periphery', 'concept_id': 'C0221205', 'confidence': 0.7174375653266907}, {'entity': 'red center light', 'concept_id': 'C0563227', 'confidence': 0.7959515452384949}], [{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular angioplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.6163609623908997}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Septal', 'concept_id': 'C0442004', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lobular panniculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.88345867395401}], [{'entity': 'stasis-related vascular change', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.522698700428009}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_164", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007914", "caption": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_165", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004312", "caption": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_166", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005712", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b22931c4-e35b-4f7b-8840-a861d97d0060.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis', 'granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis']", "noisy_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "corrected_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granuloma', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Re-biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.6681398749351501}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_167", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008049", "caption": "Chromatin in the nucleus can be classified as heterochromatin or euchromatin.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Appearance of heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nucleus.', 'Plasma cells as a reference for classifying nuclear features.', 'Example of vesicular nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicularism is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "corrected_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicular nuclei is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like', 'concept_id': 'C2828772', 'confidence': 0.6665787696838379}], [{'entity': 'Plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear features', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.6837654709815979}], [{'entity': 'Chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'very dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.8206402063369751}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dividing', 'concept_id': 'C0332849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_168", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005853", "caption": "Inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, are causing expansion of the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium', 'gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium']", "noisy_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "corrected_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'expansion', 'concept_id': 'C0007595', 'confidence': 0.8664658665657043}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_169", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006816", "caption": "Pancreatic acinar metaplasia can also occur in the small intestine, where staining for amylase or trypsin will be positive.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Peritoneal cells in gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa', 'Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach', 'Pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach']", "noisy_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "corrected_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acinar structures', 'concept_id': 'C0678594', 'confidence': 0.7908228039741516}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}], [{'entity': 'Pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_170", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008953", "caption": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_171", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009419", "caption": "Histopathological description of an infiltrative process that looks like adenocarcinoma of the prostate with polyform and single cells in some glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'Polyform and single cells in some glands', 'Cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells']", "noisy_text": " So you have both an infiltrative process, which looks like conventional prostate cancer. Some of the glands are polyform. Some of them are actually single cells. So this is a high-grade tumor, very busy, very busy slide. And then you have cribriform glands that look like they are surrounded by basal cells. So the question is, what do you do with this kind of morphology? What do you call this? But we'll get to that in a second. Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have", "corrected_text": " So you have both an infiltrative process, which looks like conventional prostate cancer. Some of the glands are polyform. Some of them are actually single cells. So this is a high-grade tumor, very busy, very busy slide. And then you have cribriform glands that look like they are surrounded by basal cells. So the question is, what do you do with this kind of morphology? What do you call this? But we'll get to that in a second. Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrative process', 'concept_id': 'C4527217', 'confidence': 0.8470810055732727}, {'entity': 'adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polyform', 'concept_id': 'C0071571', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'single cells', 'concept_id': 'C0037179', 'confidence': 0.7283049821853638}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_172", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009280", "caption": "There are lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Subepidermal blister', 'Inflammatory cells in papillary dermis and blister cavity', 'Lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils', 'Thickening or retention of dermal papillae', 'Eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in blister cavity', 'Subepidermal blister', 'Inflammatory cells in papillary dermis and blister cavity', 'Lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils', 'Thickening or retention of dermal papillae', 'Eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in blister cavity']", "noisy_text": " immunofluorescence. Let me flip the slide here. The staining, I'm sorry, is not so great, but one can see the presence of a subepidermal blister here. This is relatively cell-rich. There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some festooning or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know,", "corrected_text": " immunofluorescence. Let me flip the slide here. The staining, I'm sorry, is not so great, but one can see the presence of a subepidermal blister here. This is relatively cell-rich. There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some festooning or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'subepidermal blister', 'concept_id': 'C1856956', 'confidence': 0.9338953495025635}, {'entity': 'cell-rich environment', 'concept_id': 'C0014406', 'confidence': 0.7375022768974304}, {'entity': 'fibrin', 'concept_id': 'C0015982', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'inflammatory infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C3887644', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickening', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'retention', 'concept_id': 'C0035280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillae', 'concept_id': 'C4230196', 'confidence': 0.8667760491371155}], [{'entity': 'lots', 'concept_id': 'C0302148', 'confidence': 0.7982692718505859}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_173", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005484", "caption": "The case is of prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features, with strict criteria for less than or greater than 25% involvement.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, so this is a nice case of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with misnose features. As some of you may be aware, there's strict criteria for that. If it's less than 25% involvement, we say misnose features. If it's greater than 25% or more, then you can actually use the term misnose adenocarcinoma with the prostate. The reason why I'm showing you this case is because here you don't see the tumor is just doing its own thing and the stroma is doing its own thing. There's no desmoplastic stromal response. There's no fluid host inflammatory response. So this is a different entity. In the past, these tumors were actually confused with one another. They thought it was the same thing decades ago. That's why in the past, misnose adenocarcinoma with the prostate were thought to be very aggressive tumors. But now we've kind of dissected these two separate entities. Of course, back then, 30 years ago, we didn't have the benefit of immunohistochemical stains. So what you're looking at right now will obviously be positive for PSA and PSAP. The original case I", "corrected_text": " Yeah, so this is a nice case of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features. As some of you may be aware, there's strict criteria for that. If it's less than 25% involvement, we say mucinous features. If it's greater than 25% or more, then you can actually use the term mucinous adenocarcinoma with the prostate. The reason why I'm showing you this case is because here you don't see the tumor is just doing its own thing and the stroma is doing its own thing. There's no desmoplastic stromal response. There's no fluid host inflammatory response. So this is a different entity. In the past, these tumors were actually confused with one another. They thought it was the same thing decades ago. That's why in the past, mucinous adenocarcinoma with the prostate were thought to be very aggressive tumors. But now we've kind of dissected these two separate entities. Of course, back then, 30 years ago, we didn't have the benefit of immunohistochemical stains. So what you're looking at right now will obviously be positive for PSA and PSAP. The original case I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucinous features', 'concept_id': 'C1513712', 'confidence': 0.7035756707191467}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C1511789', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fluid', 'concept_id': 'C0005889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PSAP', 'concept_id': 'C1418975', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_174", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004590", "caption": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_175", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006870", "caption": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['bloody bowel movement', 'IBD evaluation', 'architectural distortion', 'missing gland', 'bifurcation', 'crypt dropout', 'granulation tissue', 'crypt microabscesses', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "corrected_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'HIV-positive', 'concept_id': 'C4287934', 'confidence': 0.6893086433410645}, {'entity': 'male', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bloody bowel movement', 'concept_id': 'C0151594', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'post-polio syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C0080040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evaluated', 'concept_id': 'C0220825', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bifurcation', 'concept_id': 'C0184906', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dropout', 'concept_id': 'C0013135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulation tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0018180', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microabscesses', 'concept_id': 'C0333373', 'confidence': 0.879554271697998}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_176", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008512", "caption": "Description of tumor cells with bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance and bland nucleus.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multi-vacuolated']", "noisy_text": " or some of these guys are kind of bivaculated or multi-vaculated, but with a tiny little bland nucleus. See, these are multi-bubbly cells, but they just are so little, right? So the idea here is that this tumor is kind of recapitulating what fetal fat looks like during fat development in the fetus. And if you see fetal fat, which I'm sure our pediatric pathology colleague, Yan Hong can speak to, that there are times in early fetal life where the fat can have some similarity to this, that fat in embryology, my basic understanding is it starts out as a spindled precursor to adipocytes, and then it builds up a little lipid and makes a vacuole, and then can make more vacuoles sometimes, and then eventually", "corrected_text": " or some of these guys are kind of bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated, but with a tiny little bland nucleus. See, these are multi-bubbly cells, but they just are so little, right? So the idea here is that this tumor is kind of recapitulating what fetal fat looks like during fat development in the fetus. And if you see fetal fat, which I'm sure our pediatric pathology colleague, Yan Hong can speak to, that there are times in early fetal life where the fat can have some similarity to this, that fat in embryology, my basic understanding is it starts out as a spindle precursor to adipocytes, and then it builds up a little lipid and makes a vacuole, and then can make more vacuoles sometimes, and then eventually", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bivacuolated', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 0.7087458372116089}, {'entity': 'multi-vacuolated', 'concept_id': 'C1513755', 'confidence': 0.6100779175758362}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.7939299941062927}], [{'entity': 'Tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_177", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005644", "caption": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_53be6460-5002-409a-8303-252033435a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_178", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006807", "caption": "Diagnosis of surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm, which requires another biopsy.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1054f018-0d38-4844-880a-e5d06f34a657.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis', 'Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even like a serendoma. A serendoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire serendoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the serendoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromucinous. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "corrected_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricholemmoma or even like a syringoma. A syringoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire syringoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the syringoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromyxoid. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.8987292051315308}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse dissection', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.7718934416770935}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_179", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008756", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive']", "noisy_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "corrected_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IHC', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024305', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_180", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005612", "caption": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Glands with patchy basal positivity', 'Partially atrophic glands with varying cytoplasm and cystic dilation']", "noisy_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or amarkar, so-called amarkar, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'll share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "corrected_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or AMACR, so-called AMACR, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patchy', 'concept_id': 'C0205413', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positivity', 'concept_id': 'C4280732', 'confidence': 0.8599872589111328}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign process', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7677057981491089}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Partial atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C1265892', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic glands', 'concept_id': 'C5194745', 'confidence': 0.8184286952018738}, {'entity': 'cystically', 'concept_id': 'C0205207', 'confidence': 0.6787945628166199}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_181", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005178", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_182", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006396", "caption": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1140d29b-7b6c-44f2-84a9-7cac8ab86b82.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_183", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005000", "caption": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee0713b0-bfee-421c-ac8e-df38259a6a92.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['MAC looks like a syringoma.', 'MAC looks like a syringoma.']", "noisy_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "corrected_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Mycobacterium avium complex', 'concept_id': 'C0026914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'deep cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.6357579231262207}, {'entity': 'destroys', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.6218703985214233}, {'entity': 'path', 'concept_id': 'C1705483', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_184", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007417", "caption": "The patient has a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels, which may indicate prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'Necrosis', 'Positive digital rectal examination', 'Elevated PSA levels']", "noisy_text": " mixed with conventional prostate cancer, which you have. A little bit of this is conventional here. And then you can have other variants or other patterns. You can see this is more conventional here. And you even have necrosis there. So this is basically bad news for this patient. All right, so we're going to move to case five. Case five is a 56-year-old man who presented with a positive digital record examination and elevated PSA levels. So as you can see, the histories are now beginning to overlap. They are beginning to sound very similar to one another, even though we are seeing different things histologically. So this", "corrected_text": " mixed with conventional prostate cancer, which you have. A little bit of this is conventional here. And then you can have other variants or other patterns. You can see this is more conventional here. And you even have necrosis there. So this is basically bad news for this patient. All right, so we're going to move to case five. Case five is a 56-year-old man who presented with a positive digital record examination and elevated PSA levels. So as you can see, the histories are now beginning to overlap. They are beginning to sound very similar to one another, even though we are seeing different things histologically. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conventional', 'concept_id': 'C0439858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrotic', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_185", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006000", "caption": "Example of metastatic malignant melanoma", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bd0e420-a340-469e-af56-64910f8d2241.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multiple nodular aggregations', 'metastatic malignant melanoma']", "noisy_text": " strands between them and collagen bubbles, which we don't see here. Here's another metastatic neoplasm. And this is nice. You get multiple sort of nodular aggregations in the dermis. And this is an example of metastatic malignant melanoma. So, again, if you see neoplastic cells, there's several different ways you get metastases to the skin. One is like multiple little nodular aggregations, large nodular aggregations. You can get the cords and strands between them and collagen. So occasionally you get like intravascular, both if you're lymphatic or also intro, you know, blood vessel neoplastic cells, those might have been in lymphatics,", "corrected_text": " strands between them and collagen bubbles, which we don't see here. Here's another metastatic neoplasm. And this is nice. You get multiple sort of nodular aggregations in the dermis. And this is an example of metastatic malignant melanoma. So, again, if you see neoplastic cells, there's several different ways you get metastases to the skin. One is like multiple little nodular aggregations, large nodular aggregations. You can get the cords and strands between them and collagen. So occasionally you get like intravascular, both if you're lymphatic or also intro, you know, blood vessel neoplastic cells, those might have been in lymphatics,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastatic neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1522435', 'confidence': 0.9036427140235901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'metastatic malignant melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0860594', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_186", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005634", "caption": "The tumor has a bland appearance and a pink fibrous background that can be confused with other fibrous fibroblastic tumors like desmoid fibromatosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b5b8cc71-9765-4cdf-b010-54f0249e82de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibrous areas']", "noisy_text": " bland appearance and the pink fibrous background can easily get confused with other things. Also desmoid fibromatosis, I've got a video about that, I'll put a link down in the video description below, you can watch that if you're curious about desmoid tumors. Those are all fibrous fibroblastic tumors that are tumors with a fibroblastic looking background that can get confused with this tumor. So let's go down and look closer here and see what we have. So let's look at the fibrous areas first. The fibrous", "corrected_text": " bland appearance and the pink fibrous background can easily get confused with other things. Also desmoid fibromatosis, I've got a video about that, I'll put a link down in the video description below, you can watch that if you're curious about desmoid tumors. Those are all fibrous fibroblastic tumors that are tumors with a fibroblastic looking background that can get confused with this tumor. So let's go down and look closer here and see what we have. So let's look at the fibrous areas first. The fibrous", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.7378140091896057}, {'entity': 'fibrous fibroblastic tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0206643', 'confidence': 0.861375093460083}, {'entity': 'desmoid', 'concept_id': 'C0079218', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016048', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_187", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006676", "caption": "The tumor has an aggressive appearance and elicits a desmoplastic reaction and host inflammatory response.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6d7dbac7-6b49-4eb2-a075-c6a4db9d032d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Pancreatobiliary tract look', 'Prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features', 'Desmoplastic reaction', 'Host inflammatory response', 'Pancreatobiliary tract look', 'Prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features', 'Desmoplastic reaction', 'Host inflammatory response']", "noisy_text": " So this is the way it starts. For those of us who also sign out GI, it almost has a pancreatobiliary look in areas. So these are aggressive. The reason why I'm telling you that is these are aggressive tumors. When I show you an example of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with misnose features, you will see that it doesn't elicit a desmoplastic stromal response or even a host inflammatory response. But this tumor does. So let me show you some examples of those. Yeah, so this is a nice case of prosthetic adenocarcinoma with misnose features. As some of you may", "corrected_text": " So this is the way it starts. For those of us who also sign out GI, it almost has a pancreatobiliary tract look in areas. So these are aggressive. The reason why I'm telling you that is these are aggressive tumors. When I show you an example of prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features, you will see that it doesn't elicit a desmoplastic stromal response or even a host inflammatory response. But this tumor does. So let me show you some examples of those. Yeah, so this is a nice case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features. As some of you may", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C1511789', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_188", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004211", "caption": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_189", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008446", "caption": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth', 'Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_190", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008051", "caption": "Vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is actively dividing and composed mainly of euchromatin.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Appearance of heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nucleus.', 'Plasma cells as a reference for classifying nuclear features.', 'Example of vesicular nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicularism is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "corrected_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicular nuclei is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like', 'concept_id': 'C2828772', 'confidence': 0.6665787696838379}], [{'entity': 'Plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear features', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.6837654709815979}], [{'entity': 'Chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'very dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.8206402063369751}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dividing', 'concept_id': 'C0332849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_191", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009367", "caption": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1646d5e3-edbd-491c-919a-3bbbe655dde9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Lymphoid follicles in the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tuberculosis', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fungal infections', 'concept_id': 'C0026946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'idiopathic', 'concept_id': 'C0332240', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lymphoid follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0229654', 'confidence': 0.9380706548690796}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic gastroenteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017160', 'confidence': 0.8353270292282104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_192", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004480", "caption": "Assessment of fibrosis in the lamina propria is important for determining chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4a7224df-be04-4c7f-95eb-7144de15a124.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibrosis in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see a lot of macrophages with the pink stuff. This is a AFB strain. Whenever you see a lot of pink stuff in the lamina propria within the macrophages, think of mycobacterium, AVM, intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticuline strain, you have", "corrected_text": " Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see a lot of macrophages with the pink stuff. This is a AFB strain. Whenever you see a lot of pink stuff in the lamina propria within the macrophages, think of mycobacterium, AVM, intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticulin stain, you have", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'endothelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'macrophages', 'concept_id': 'C0024432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink stuff', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 0.5879191756248474}, {'entity': 'AFB', 'concept_id': 'C0483226', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycobacterium infection', 'concept_id': 'C0026918', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Assessment', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_193", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006140", "caption": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_421e06a2-6158-4ad4-b890-f2c0737d7041.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastric xanthoma', 'Signet ring cells', 'Poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'Gastric xanthoma', 'Signet ring cells', 'Poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'Gastric xanthoma', 'Signet ring cells', 'Poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to", "corrected_text": " And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}], [{'entity': 'Cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}], [{'entity': 'Signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_194", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005259", "caption": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7272172a-5f4b-406f-91fe-94b2accbec68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['population of banal appearing melanocytes', 'balloon melanocytes', 'benign nevus', 'cellular blue nevus', 'population of banal appearing melanocytes', 'balloon melanocytes', 'benign nevus', 'cellular blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus. So that's all I have for you. And if you have any questions, again, please feel free to reach out. You can email me at tdavis.sagesdx.com or education at sagesdx.com. Thank you very much. We're always looking for suggestions. So if you have any topics that you would like to have covered, please feel free to shoot me an email. Thanks so much for your attention. Have a good evening.", "corrected_text": " Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by benign nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of benign nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus. So that's all I have for you. And if you have any questions, again, please feel free to reach out. You can email me at tdavis.sagesdx.com or education at sagesdx.com. Thank you very much. We're always looking for suggestions. So if you have any topics that you would like to have covered, please feel free to shoot me an email. Thanks so much for your attention. Have a good evening.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0349501', 'confidence': 0.7923030257225037}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'population', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial-like', 'concept_id': 'C0334254', 'confidence': 0.6890533566474915}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_195", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007476", "caption": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ca36f0b-8c63-4e76-92ea-83ccb8fe5719.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_196", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005286", "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process']", "noisy_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "corrected_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of cellular polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of cellular polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary process', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.763504683971405}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_197", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007306", "caption": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_198", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008545", "caption": "Hemosiderin accumulates in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery, referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['ladybug or ladybird cells', 'CSF1R gene', 'tenosynovial giant cell tumor', 'giant cell tumor of soft tissue', 'peripheral ossification']", "noisy_text": " Often, the hemosiderin likes to accumulate in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery. These are referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells. So far, I've only talked about localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor. However, there is also a diffuse type. This type commonly arises in the larger joints and carries a risk of significant morbidity, since negative margins can be difficult to obtain. Both the localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor have balanced translocations involving the chromosomal region of 1p13, which includes the CSF1 gene. Overexpression of CSF1 by tumor cells is what is thought to cause the recruitment of osteoclasts like giant cells. There are also giant cell tumors arising in the soft tissue and bone, and I'm going to talk a little bit about those. Giant cell tumor of soft tissue arises in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myocytosis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell", "corrected_text": " Often, the hemosiderin likes to accumulate in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery. These are referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells. So far, I've only talked about localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor. However, there is also a diffuse type. This type commonly arises in the larger joints and carries a risk of significant morbidity, since negative margins can be difficult to obtain. Both the localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor have balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene the chromosomal region of 1p13, which includes the CSF1 gene. Overexpression of CSF1 by tumor cells is what is thought to cause the recruitment of osteoclasts like giant cells. There are also giant cell tumors arising in the soft tissue and bone, and I'm going to talk a little bit about those. Giant cell tumor of soft tissue arises in the superficial soft tissues, most commonly in the arm, thigh, and calf. They may also have a rim of peripheral ossification, so myositis ossificans, which I've talked about in a previous video, may enter the differential based on the imaging findings. These lesions do not have any characteristic molecular alterations. Giant cell", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'accumulates', 'concept_id': 'C4055506', 'confidence': 0.8533105254173279}, {'entity': 'mononuclear tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 0.8775115013122559}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'ladybug', 'concept_id': 'C0886269', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ladybird cells', 'concept_id': 'C0998434', 'confidence': 0.736539363861084}], [{'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tenosynovial giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1318543', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'balanced', 'concept_id': 'C0205415', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocations', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CSF1R gene', 'concept_id': 'C0879468', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Giant cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0017525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissues', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'arm', 'concept_id': 'C0003798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thigh', 'concept_id': 'C0039866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'calf', 'concept_id': 'C0230445', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral ossification', 'concept_id': 'C0029433', 'confidence': 0.7698169350624084}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_199", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008382", "caption": "It is important to document the invasive component and the possible origin of the carcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate.', 'Possible origin of the carcinoma from the prosthetic urethra or bladder.']", "noisy_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "corrected_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'document', 'concept_id': 'C1301746', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007097', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonize', 'concept_id': 'C3829074', 'confidence': 0.6422675251960754}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'primary', 'concept_id': 'C0205225', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_200", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005416", "caption": "Invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1d95b4a8-2919-46d4-9c9c-bb6bb361ce5c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Invasive cancer entering and colonizing the gland.', 'Solid cribriform pattern.', 'Tumor cells with prominent nucleoli.']", "noisy_text": " when you see a foci like this, where the invasive cancer looks like it's actually invading, colonizing a previously benign gland. In some areas, you can actually see it's basically caught in the act. You can see the invasive cancer actually entering the gland and colonizing it. Again, this is like a solid cribriform pattern. This would be way too much for high-grade pain. For those who are wondering, how do you distinguish between high-grade pain and introductal carcinoma of the prostate, I'll show you an example of high-grade pain. Shortly, they are completely different. When you look at them back to back, you see that they are completely different processes. This is a very, very bad-looking process here. You can see lots of tumor cells, large tumor cells, prominent nucleoli. And they are packing over 70% of this is actually composed of tumor cells. So it subtly meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. And again, as I said earlier, you can see the adjacent cancer, the adjacent invasive cancer is very high-grade. So when we talk about introductal carcinoma of the", "corrected_text": " when you see a foci like this, where the invasive cancer looks like it's actually invading, colonizing a previously benign gland. In some areas, you can actually see it's basically caught in the act. You can see the invasive cancer actually entering the gland and colonizing it. Again, this is like a solid cribriform pattern. This would be way too much for high-grade pain. For those who are wondering, how do you distinguish between high-grade pain and intr ductal carcinoma of the prostate, I'll show you an example of high-grade pain. Shortly, they are completely different. When you look at them back to back, you see that they are completely different processes. This is a very, very bad-looking process here. You can see lots of tumor cells, large tumor cells, prominent nucleoli. And they are packing over 70% of this is actually composed of tumor cells. So it subtly meets the criteria for intr ductal carcinoma of the prostate. And again, as I said earlier, you can see the adjacent cancer, the adjacent invasive cancer is very high-grade. So when we talk about intr ductal carcinoma of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}], [{'entity': 'Solid cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 0.8988972902297974}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'PIN', 'concept_id': 'C0175718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'PIN', 'concept_id': 'C0175718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'processes', 'concept_id': 'C0230625', 'confidence': 0.8310701847076416}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bad-looking process', 'concept_id': 'C3158129', 'confidence': 0.5375546813011169}, {'entity': 'lots', 'concept_id': 'C0302148', 'confidence': 0.7982692718505859}, {'entity': 'tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_201", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009002", "caption": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_202", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008838", "caption": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a5e8aca7-3eca-4702-9f56-0268c095f78a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['calcification', 'cleft between the stroma and the epithelium', 'desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'calcification', 'perineural invasion', 'cleft between the stroma and the epithelium']", "noisy_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichophthelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the clest between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "corrected_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the cleft between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.8335589170455933}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineural invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1317608', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'duct-like structures', 'concept_id': 'C1880423', 'confidence': 0.9012507796287537}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_203", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005941", "caption": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_204", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005186", "caption": "Only about 30% of granular cell tumors show positive staining for PAS, making it an ineffective stain for diagnosis.", "image_path": "jSW3u54ZEfk_image_a3acdd1d-26c2-42d8-946f-de67860e39b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Granular cell tumor in the skin', 'Granular nature of cytoplasm', 'Streaks of dark pink staining tissue (bands of fibrous)']", "noisy_text": " This is not really surprising as only approximately 30% of granular cell tumours do show positive staining for PAS and this really illustrates the fact that PAS is not a particularly useful stain for granular cell tumours given that the majority fail to stain for it. This is a granular cell tumour arising in the skin. At a higher magnification the granular nature of the cytoplasm is revealed and between the granular cells there are streaks of dark pink staining tissue and these are bands of fibrous tissue typical", "corrected_text": " This is not really surprising as only approximately 30% of granular cell tumours do show positive staining for PAS and this really illustrates the fact that PAS is not a particularly useful stain for granular cell tumours given that the majority fail to stain for it. This is a granular cell tumour arising in the skin. At a higher magnification the granular nature of the cytoplasm is revealed and between the granular cells there are streaks of dark pink staining tissue and these are bands of fibrous tissue typical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granular', 'concept_id': 'C0205248', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'granular', 'concept_id': 'C0205248', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1956421', 'confidence': 0.8782677054405212}, {'entity': 'positive staining', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 0.7295212745666504}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ineffective', 'concept_id': 'C3242229', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_205", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009102", "caption": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lymphocytes', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'cytoplasm']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_206", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008588", "caption": "Description of fibro and myxoid components of tumors, with a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_cc9a027d-46a5-4375-ab50-73870409d944.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibro', 'myxoid', 'spindle cell thing']", "noisy_text": " So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call something just fibroma not otherwise specified just because you see a spindle cell thing that looks fibroblastic and benign and you don't have a good name for it. That doesn't mean it's a fibroma, that's the way that tumors like this get missed. And the other", "corrected_text": " So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call something just fibroma not otherwise specified just because you see a spindle cell thing that looks fibroblastic and benign and you don't have a good name for it. That doesn't mean it's a fibroma, that's the way that tumors like this get missed. And the other", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibro', 'concept_id': 'C0016053', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'myxoid components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 0.6883944869041443}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous pink', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.7378140091896057}, {'entity': 'lesser', 'concept_id': 'C0547044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Misdiagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_207", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007868", "caption": "P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['The focus of interest', 'The glands with positive basal cell markers', 'The focus of interest', 'The glands with positive basal cell markers']", "noisy_text": " And this is the focus of interest right here. So again, for the medical students who are in the audience, the pink cocktail is a combination of hemoglobin cytokeratin, P63, and P504S, also known as Amacar. P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells. P63 is a nuclear stain, and the hemoglobin cytokeratin is more of a wispy kind of membrane on cytoplasmic stain. So as you can see, it's always important to look at the internal control. Any time you get a stain, you want to look at the glands you know are benign. You want to make sure the stain worked very well, because if the stain didn't work very well, that can get you in trouble when you're looking at the focus of interest. But if we come back to this particular case here, we can see that the stains worked very well. The basal cell markers are positive in the glands. We are comfortable or benign. The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that", "corrected_text": " And this is the focus of interest right here. So again, for the medical students who are in the audience, the pink cocktail is a combination of hemoglobin cytokeratin, P63, and P504S, also known as Amacar. P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells. P63 is a nuclear stain, and the hemoglobin cytokeratin is more of a wispy kind of membrane on cytoplasmic stain. So as you can see, it's always important to look at the internal control. Any time you get a stain, you want to look at the glands you know are benign. You want to make sure the stain worked very well, because if the stain didn't work very well, that can get you in trouble when you're looking at the focus of interest. But if we come back to this particular case here, we can see that the stains worked very well. The basal cell markers are positive in the glands. We are comfortable or benign. The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'pink cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 0.8575658798217773}, {'entity': 'combination', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P504S', 'concept_id': 'C1172764', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Amacar', 'concept_id': 'C3469830', 'confidence': 0.649845540523529}], [{'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'internal control', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_208", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008300", "caption": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_209", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008223", "caption": "Heterochromatin and nucleoplasm can be identified in plasma cells.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'vesicular nuclei', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin']", "noisy_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleomatin. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very dark-staining. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained nuclei, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "corrected_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very hyperchromatic. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained areas, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like copper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0453397', 'confidence': 0.5605897903442383}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206695', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0682537', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 0.7025638818740845}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206754', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_210", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009125", "caption": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_80d9c191-1c69-4c48-b896-3b788cf951ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells', 'multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells']", "noisy_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "corrected_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant transformation', 'concept_id': 'C0287850', 'confidence': 0.8324378132820129}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deposition', 'concept_id': 'C0333562', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Multilobulated', 'concept_id': 'C4538849', 'confidence': 0.8302288055419922}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dense fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 0.8111783862113953}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'larger', 'concept_id': 'C0549177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_211", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007005", "caption": "The presence of branching vessels with dense sclerosis around those vessels is a pattern seen in solitary fibrous tumor.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9497eaf4-0e84-4dbb-a872-82f1436b44fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Collagenous areas', 'Branching vessels with dense sclerosis', 'Solitary fibrous tumor pattern']", "noisy_text": " There's some nice collagenous areas and look it's got branching vessels with dense sclerosis around those vessels. That's a pattern you could see in solitary fibrous tumor. Solitary fibrous tumor will usually be CD34 positive. This tumor again low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is usually negative. I know I'm repeating myself a lot but again this is the goal that if you watch this whole video you'll have had this drummed into your head so much that you'll easily remember all the details. Because to me I think this this tumor took me a while to pick up on in my fellowship in sarcoma pathology. I really had", "corrected_text": " There's some nice collagenous areas and look it's got branching vessels with dense sclerosis around those vessels. That's a pattern you could see in solitary fibrous tumor. Solitary fibrous tumor will usually be CD34 positive. This tumor again low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is usually negative. I know I'm repeating myself a lot but again this is the goal that if you watch this whole video you'll have had this drummed into your head so much that you'll easily remember all the details. Because to me I think this this tumor took me a while to pick up on in my fellowship in sarcoma pathology. I really had", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'branching vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7352606654167175}, {'entity': 'dense sclerosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.8169246912002563}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary fibrous tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1266119', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Solitary fibrous tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1266119', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_212", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005248", "caption": "A deeper biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of MAC (Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma) because the diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2cc4bea4-52c8-4882-b007-26057577b0f4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " it'd be very difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. If you just had this, you're sort of SOL. That's why you got to take a deeper biopsy for MAC because that diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement. And you've got to see this kind of pattern to make a definitive diagnosis. So we all have shave biopsies of these. We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even", "corrected_text": " it'd be very difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. If you just had this, you're sort of SOL. That's why you got to take a deeper biopsy for MAC because that diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement. And you've got to see this kind of pattern to make a definitive diagnosis. So we all have shave biopsies of these. We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic trichilemmoma or even", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0555191', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682547', 'confidence': 0.8770456314086914}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cells', 'concept_id': 'C0221910', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_213", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007945", "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_214", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006714", "caption": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus', 'Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "corrected_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanophages, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Contains', 'concept_id': 'C0332256', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'clonal populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.8110582232475281}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'combinations', 'concept_id': 'C0453882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_215", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005323", "caption": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "corrected_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep shaves', 'concept_id': 'C0518505', 'confidence': 0.7456271648406982}, {'entity': 'excisional/incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184921', 'confidence': 0.7826999425888062}], [{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'bread', 'concept_id': 'C0006138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histological examination', 'concept_id': 'C0019637', 'confidence': 0.9535407423973083}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_216", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006989", "caption": "Diffuse positive P63 staining expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma, also known as P63 prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.']", "noisy_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "corrected_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'wispy cytoplasmic stain', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.6738394498825073}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diffuse positive P63 staining', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.5406208634376526}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P63 prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 0.7053087949752808}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_217", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008278", "caption": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_218", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005792", "caption": "IMHMV is a condition commonly seen in young males, and may be due to fistula formation between the artery and vein, possibly caused by trauma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e5cecb68-5ee7-45aa-a1cb-bcf5886383ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Venous tubules or venous branches in the lamina propria', 'Distinct cells with foamy cytoplasm and centrally placed nucleus', 'Venous tubules or venous branches in the lamina propria', 'Distinct cells with foamy cytoplasm and centrally placed nucleus']", "noisy_text": " probably venous tubules or venous branches in the lamina propria. So very characteristic of this IMHMV. And the exact cause is not known. They are predicting it is more like a fistula formation between the artery and vein, like an AV malformation, maybe due to trauma. It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear", "corrected_text": " probably venous tubules or venous branches in the lamina propria. So very characteristic of this IMHMV. And the exact cause is not known. They are predicting it is more like a fistula formation between the artery and vein, like an AV malformation, maybe due to trauma. It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Venous tubules', 'concept_id': 'C0022674', 'confidence': 0.6645606160163879}, {'entity': 'venous branches', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 0.6472384333610535}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fistula', 'concept_id': 'C0016169', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trauma', 'concept_id': 'C0043251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_219", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008222", "caption": "Different types of nuclei are observed, including hyperchromatic and vesicular nuclei.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'vesicular nuclei', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin']", "noisy_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleomatin. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very dark-staining. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained nuclei, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "corrected_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very hyperchromatic. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained areas, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like copper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0453397', 'confidence': 0.5605897903442383}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206695', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0682537', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 0.7025638818740845}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206754', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_220", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007472", "caption": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1071a4a6-9553-4086-90ce-c698e5b9f6e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "corrected_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'age', 'concept_id': 'C0001779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dependence', 'concept_id': 'C0011546', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_221", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008764", "caption": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina']", "noisy_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Severe', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sizes', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'narrowing', 'concept_id': 'C0332463', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_222", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004573", "caption": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_223", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009474", "caption": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_224", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006951", "caption": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia is also present, but the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is favored over psoriasis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seiboceriasis, try to avoid the term seiboceriasis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "corrected_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seborrheic dermatitis, try to avoid the term seborrheic dermatitis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Psoriasiform hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C3281279', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psoriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0033860', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_225", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005555", "caption": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_291b76ac-03b4-4785-b160-fbc9a7bc08fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_226", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004737", "caption": "Presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface is a finding that suggests a diagnosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface.']", "noisy_text": " This patient had a history of radiation also for prostate cancer, but the pattern is a little bit different. Yes, the lamina propria is a little bit hyalinized and maybe there's some architectural distortion, but it looks less striking than the other one. And you don't have a good, juicy, hyalinized vessel to really tip you off, but you have another finding to tip you off. And that would be this. These dilated vessels that run parallel to the epithelial surface. And you'll see dilated vessels. Oh, this is a good one right here. Dilated vessels that tend to run parallel to the epithelial", "corrected_text": " This patient had a history of radiation also for prostate cancer, but the pattern is a little bit different. Yes, the lamina propria is a little bit hyalinized and maybe there's some architectural distortion, but it looks less striking than the other one. And you don't have a good, juicy, hyalinized vessel to really tip you off, but you have another finding to tip you off. And that would be this. These dilated vessels that run parallel to the epithelial surface. And you'll see dilated vessels. Oh, this is a good one right here. Dilated vessels that tend to run parallel to the epithelial", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels running', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.6464064121246338}, {'entity': 'epithelial surface', 'concept_id': 'C2327105', 'confidence': 0.9104864597320557}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_227", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008277", "caption": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_228", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009060", "caption": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_753098ed-78a1-48fe-9161-c80014af8021.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['neutrophils and lymphocytes', 'plasma cells in the lamina propria', 'histiocytes in the lamina propria', 'neutrophils and lymphocytes', 'plasma cells in the lamina propria', 'histiocytes in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that all of the cases look the same, but we've learned in the past couple of years that there's a spectrum of histologic changes that can make it really challenging. The good thing about this case is we do have the immuno at Hopkins. Immuno will be negative in the vast majority of these cases, but once in a while you'll catch one positive case. And this is one of those. I", "corrected_text": " neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that all of the cases look the same, but we've learned in the past couple of years that there's a spectrum of histologic changes that can make it really challenging. The good thing about this case is we do have the immuno at Hopkins. Immuno will be negative in the vast majority of these cases, but once in a while you'catch one positive case. And this is one of those. I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'immuno test', 'concept_id': 'C0021061', 'confidence': 0.7767297029495239}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_229", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007380", "caption": "Distinguishing low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma can be done histologically with H and E staining.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_114a1dc1-415a-422a-8de0-5b6ca40b88d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So by that time the patient may have moved, forgotten all about the supposedly benign mass they had removed years and years ago and so that's why it took a long time for people to figure out that this was actually a malignancy. So the way that I'm making a separate video which I'll put a link up in the upper right hand corner here and also in the video description, I'm making a video to quickly explain a quick overview of explaining how to tell apart low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma. The names sound similar but they're very different tumors histologically and are easy to separate most of the time just on H and E. But this video is going to be all about low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so this is the more in-depth look", "corrected_text": " So by that time the patient may have moved, forgotten all about the supposedly benign mass they had removed years and years ago and so that's why it took a long time for people to figure out that this was actually a malignancy. So the way that I'm making a separate video which I'll put a link up in the upper right hand corner here and also in the video description, I'm making a video to quickly explain a quick overview of explaining how to tell apart low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma. The names sound similar but they're very different tumors histologically and are easy to separate most of the time just on H and E. But this video is going to be all about low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so this is the more in-depth look", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'benign mass', 'concept_id': 'C0741729', 'confidence': 0.824069619178772}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H', 'concept_id': 'C0011892', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_230", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007430", "caption": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "corrected_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracryptal', 'concept_id': 'C3315370', 'confidence': 0.626490592956543}, {'entity': 'microapses', 'concept_id': 'C0700712', 'confidence': 0.5626617074012756}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0230649', 'confidence': 0.8670988082885742}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degenerating', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C0042219', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_231", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006572", "caption": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain', 'myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_232", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008762", "caption": "Thick vessel wall with narrowing of lumen seen in high power.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina']", "noisy_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Severe', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sizes', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'narrowing', 'concept_id': 'C0332463', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_233", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005334", "caption": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_50f66f5c-c802-4748-adb4-a891c25cb444.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease', 'pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease', 'psoriasis form dermatitis', 'inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'interface dermatitis']", "noisy_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of boenoid papillosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep boenoid papillosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally Bowen's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "corrected_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of bowenoid papulosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep bowenoid papulosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally squamous cell carcinoma's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_234", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008176", "caption": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_235", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005623", "caption": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present.", "image_path": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_855adbc7-421b-462d-ab24-4af597a7fa2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Compressed glomerulus surrounded by a crescent, with both fibrous and cellular components.']", "noisy_text": " Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I do have half of them. It's more of acellular area fibrous and here I do have cellularity as well. Look at this. My glomerulus is here. It's only in one pole. Rest everything is replaced by cellular crescent, right? Because like", "corrected_text": " Look at this glomerulus. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I do have half of them. It's more of fibrous crescent and here I do have cellularity as well. Look at this. My glomerulus is here. It's only in one pole. Rest everything is replaced by cellular crescent, right? Because like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glomerulus', 'concept_id': 'C0022663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compressed', 'concept_id': 'C0332260', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.6849074363708496}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescents', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_236", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008744", "caption": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells']", "noisy_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, quadricected shade biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metacyproplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "corrected_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, excisional biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pseudoepithelial metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1317977', 'confidence': 0.7813463807106018}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Nodular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0241130', 'confidence': 0.840809166431427}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_237", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004547", "caption": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_238", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007537", "caption": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c791c0e5-57ad-4c79-8493-6dacad209618.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUSDDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "corrected_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUS-DDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 0.7855618000030518}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS-DDIT3', 'concept_id': 'C1852061', 'confidence': 0.894819438457489}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_239", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004749", "caption": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.', 'Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "corrected_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric cardiac type', 'concept_id': 'C0524600', 'confidence': 0.7429378628730774}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastroesophageal junction', 'concept_id': 'C0014871', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregularly', 'concept_id': 'C0425589', 'confidence': 0.905201256275177}, {'entity': 'sized', 'concept_id': 'C0600244', 'confidence': 0.8308623433113098}, {'entity': 'shaped glands', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 0.7275685667991638}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Importance', 'concept_id': 'C4086513', 'confidence': 0.96006178855896}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_240", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006835", "caption": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_241", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007222", "caption": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'heavily pigmented melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'intersecting vessels', 'combined melanocytic nevus', 'blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "corrected_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped cells. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphologic populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.6858205199241638}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic', 'concept_id': 'C0011305', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.9035798907279968}, {'entity': 'fusiform-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.6468937397003174}], [{'entity': 'Arranged', 'concept_id': 'C1546854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'short', 'concept_id': 'C1282927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intersecting vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7007781863212585}], [{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_242", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008352", "caption": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4ef5f72f-08fe-425e-b264-7a8376fe57f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['heavily pigmented melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'intersecting vessels', 'combined melanocytic nevus', 'blue nevus', 'heavily pigmented melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'intersecting vessels', 'combined melanocytic nevus', 'blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "corrected_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped cells. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphologic populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.6858205199241638}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic', 'concept_id': 'C0011305', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.9035798907279968}, {'entity': 'fusiform-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.6468937397003174}], [{'entity': 'Arranged', 'concept_id': 'C1546854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'short', 'concept_id': 'C1282927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intersecting vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7007781863212585}], [{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_243", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004494", "caption": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_244", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004774", "caption": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma', 'Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_245", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006628", "caption": "Chronicity can cause architectural distortion in addition to nonspecific findings.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized test tubes in a rack kind of architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "corrected_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized tubular architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0010843', 'confidence': 0.7890887260437012}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tubular', 'concept_id': 'C0151747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_246", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008980", "caption": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['intraductal carcinoma', 'cribriform glands', 'basal cells']", "noisy_text": " And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "corrected_text": " And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'core', 'concept_id': 'C0444669', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'high-grade tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.5436328053474426}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_247", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006834", "caption": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_248", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004765", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d3b7d20d-bd25-4ede-8f42-4c2f388337bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_249", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007772", "caption": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b967e7cf-8e2d-4ad6-9e07-120166272435.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_250", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007982", "caption": "Round organisms at the periphery of histiocytes are about one to two microns in diameter.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['round organisms', 'histiocytes', 'infected histiocytes', 'organisms of this size', 'cytoplasm', 'histoplasmosis', 'leishmaniasis', 'periphery of the cell', 'histiocytes', 'organisms of this size', 'cytoplasm', 'histoplasmosis', 'leishmaniasis']", "noisy_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the so-called marquee sign", "corrected_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the socalled marquee sign", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diameter', 'concept_id': 'C1301886', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histoplasmosis', 'concept_id': 'C0019655', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cluster', 'concept_id': 'C1555715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_251", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005120", "caption": "Interconnected cords and strands with a cribriform pattern are observed.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['neoplastic process', 'blue tumor', 'nuclei', 'epithelial tumor', 'cribriform pattern']", "noisy_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and", "corrected_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fragments', 'concept_id': 'C0332255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'blue staining', 'concept_id': 'C0025746', 'confidence': 0.7925992608070374}, {'entity': 'hematoxylin staining', 'concept_id': 'C0018964', 'confidence': 0.9091285467147827}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal origin', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 0.8364232778549194}], [{'entity': 'Interconnected', 'concept_id': 'C0683595', 'confidence': 0.8500909209251404}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_252", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006119", "caption": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant tumor that does not arise from muscle cells.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle', 'skeletal muscle', 'spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms', 'atypical fibroxanthoma', 'neural tumors']", "noisy_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibrous anthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "corrected_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibroxanthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth', 'concept_id': 'C0205357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skeletal muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0242692', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatology', 'concept_id': 'C0011627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.8066584467887878}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neural tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 0.849646270275116}], [{'entity': 'Atypical fibroxanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596981', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_253", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007162", "caption": "Metastatic melanoma may not involve epidermis and is usually as deep as it is wide.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e0744ed1-9acb-4606-9ddb-9b899986c724.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Metastatic malignant melanoma', 'Neoplastic cells', 'Epidermal involvement', 'Regional histologic satellite Mets', 'Metastatic malignant melanoma', 'Neoplastic cells', 'Epidermal involvement', 'Regional histologic satellite Mets']", "noisy_text": " And this is an example of metastatic malignant melanoma. So, again, if you see neoplastic cells, there's several different ways you get metastases to the skin. One is like multiple little nodular aggregations, large nodular aggregations. You can get the cords and strands between them and collagen. So occasionally you get like intravascular, both if you're lymphatic or also intro, you know, blood vessel neoplastic cells, those might have been in lymphatics, but, you know, sometimes are actually within blood vessels themselves. One other clue that you're dealing with a metastatic melanoma rather than a primary melanoma, if there's really not any epidermal involvement, often it's just as deep as it is wide. And if you ever see patients that have metastatic, you know, like regional histologic satellite Mets, they're usually little small bumps. They're not usually large plaques or subcutaneous nodules and those kind of things if they're the kind of regional Mets. And those are almost as usually they're kind of as deep as they are broad. So you don't want to like treat those like their second primary melanomas and measure them and count mitoses and all that kind of stuff because it's a different animal. They've got a metastatic process and excising metastases generally doesn't improve the patient's prognosis. So this is an example of a metastatic melanoma versus that metastatic extravascular breast cancer, which is kind of an unusual pattern. Could you", "corrected_text": " And this is an example of metastatic malignant melanoma. So, again, if you see neoplastic cells, there's several different ways you get metastases to the skin. One is like multiple little nodular aggregations, large nodular aggregations. You can get the cords and strands between them and collagen. So occasionally you get like intravascular, both if you're lymphatic or also intro, you know, blood vessel neoplastic cells, those might have been in lymphatics, but, you know, sometimes are actually within blood vessels themselves. One other clue that you're dealing with a metastatic melanoma rather than a primary melanoma, if there's really not any epidermal involvement, often it's just as deep as it is wide. And if you ever see patients that have metastatic, you know, like regional histologic satellite Mets, they're usually little small bumps. They're not usually large plaques or subcutaneous nodules and those kind of things if they're the kind of regional Mets. And those are almost as usually they're kind of as deep as they are broad. So you don't want to like treat those like their second primary melanomas and measure them and count mitoses and all that kind of stuff because it's a different animal. They've got a metastatic process and excising metastases generally doesn't improve the patient's prognosis. So this is an example of a metastatic melanoma versus that metastatic extravascular breast cancer, which is kind of an unusual pattern. Could you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'metastatic malignant melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0860594', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplastic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0597032', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Metastatic melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0278883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Excising metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.7655529975891113}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_254", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006404", "caption": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_255", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007108", "caption": "Coalescing masses of granuloma expanding the lamina propria may indicate an infectious process or sarcoidosis rather than Crohn\u2019s disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['granuloma', 'granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis']", "noisy_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "corrected_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granuloma', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Re-biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.6681398749351501}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_256", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006648", "caption": "The only positive stain is the nuclear stain P63.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63', 'nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63']", "noisy_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "corrected_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'positive stain', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 0.8016907572746277}, {'entity': 'nuclear stain', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.8163275122642517}, {'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'internal control glands', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.7678565979003906}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_257", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006369", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_258", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005773", "caption": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_faaab02b-3102-4bb5-97d5-34e3a51d298c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and who should be receiving other treatments other than immune suppression. So, just have this, you know,", "corrected_text": " other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and who should be receiving other treatments other than immune suppression. So, just have this, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_259", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009075", "caption": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_260", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007416", "caption": "The presence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with some conventional and necrotic patterns.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'Necrosis', 'Positive digital rectal examination', 'Elevated PSA levels']", "noisy_text": " mixed with conventional prostate cancer, which you have. A little bit of this is conventional here. And then you can have other variants or other patterns. You can see this is more conventional here. And you even have necrosis there. So this is basically bad news for this patient. All right, so we're going to move to case five. Case five is a 56-year-old man who presented with a positive digital record examination and elevated PSA levels. So as you can see, the histories are now beginning to overlap. They are beginning to sound very similar to one another, even though we are seeing different things histologically. So this", "corrected_text": " mixed with conventional prostate cancer, which you have. A little bit of this is conventional here. And then you can have other variants or other patterns. You can see this is more conventional here. And you even have necrosis there. So this is basically bad news for this patient. All right, so we're going to move to case five. Case five is a 56-year-old man who presented with a positive digital record examination and elevated PSA levels. So as you can see, the histories are now beginning to overlap. They are beginning to sound very similar to one another, even though we are seeing different things histologically. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conventional', 'concept_id': 'C0439858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrotic', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_261", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007194", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f9ff777a-e3c6-475c-8473-886905465b82.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['submucosa', 'poorly differentiated cancer cells', 'invasive carcinoma', 'blood vessels', 'submucosa', 'poorly differentiated cancer cells', 'invasive carcinoma', 'blood vessels']", "noisy_text": " And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is submicosa, and you can see the poorly differentiated cancer cells. And these are invasive carcinoma. Now, you see this number of blood vessels there. That's why we need the cancer cell to come into the submicosa to call it as cancer cell, because the incidence of metastasis is very", "corrected_text": " And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is submucosa, and you can see the poorly differentiated cancer cells. And these are invasive carcinoma. Now, you see this number of blood vessels there. That's why we need the cancer cell to come into the submucosa to call it as cancer cell, because the incidence of metastasis is very", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancer cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334227', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cancer cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334227', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'invade', 'concept_id': 'C1517574', 'confidence': 0.857607364654541}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancerous', 'concept_id': 'C1514391', 'confidence': 0.763753354549408}, {'entity': 'incidence', 'concept_id': 'C0021149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_262", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008912", "caption": "Honeycomb morphology is a clue to the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP).", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['honeycomb morphology', 'lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern']", "noisy_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except dramatic fibrosarcoma tuberans. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "corrected_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except desmoplastic fibroblastoma. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the typical storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Honeycomb', 'concept_id': 'C0332468', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic fibroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206645', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333299', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_263", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009475", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_264", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006805", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_265", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005916", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_266", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006858", "caption": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes', 'Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_267", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006839", "caption": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ac0d9a67-6f97-4a09-b8a8-4b4299ed5ec3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_268", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005467", "caption": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_269", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007015", "caption": "Adenomatous changes with low-grade or high-grade dysplasia are seen in the GI tract, while dysplastic changes with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia are seen in other organs.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8066977d-350b-47ac-92f1-c9b71d448dfa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it wherever you want. These are all in the GI tract known as adenomatous changes with the low-grade or high-grade dysplasia. In the other organs, it is known as dysplastic changes with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal", "corrected_text": " This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it wherever you want. These are all in the GI tract known as adenomatous changes with the low-grade or high-grade dysplasia. In the other organs, it is known as dysplastic changes with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'essential', 'concept_id': 'C0205224', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gallbladder', 'concept_id': 'C0016976', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bile duct', 'concept_id': 'C0005400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Adenomatous', 'concept_id': 'C0333981', 'confidence': 0.785536527633667}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'GI tract', 'concept_id': 'C0017189', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_270", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008318", "caption": "Granulomatous rosacea is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes', 'face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "corrected_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'predominance', 'concept_id': 'C1835590', 'confidence': 0.8840479850769043}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomatous rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1275718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}, {'entity': 'papulopustular rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1449853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'telangiectatic type', 'concept_id': 'C4014149', 'confidence': 0.7599172592163086}, {'entity': 'rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_271", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005445", "caption": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_23701937-42d3-4de6-886e-e93e779aa5e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['metastases to lung or pleura']", "noisy_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "corrected_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'unusual', 'concept_id': 'C2700116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'median', 'concept_id': 'C0549183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_272", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004347", "caption": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive']", "noisy_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "corrected_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IHC', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024305', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_273", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004311", "caption": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_274", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005239", "caption": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_136f5416-06d5-4fa2-8dab-0fb003f57369.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the nuclei, we should also understand what are the different nuclear patterns that we will see on the histology slide. So there are two patterns that are usually described. One is called as monomorphic nuclei. So monomorphic means when all the nuclei, they appear relatively similar to each other. So if the nuclei, they're looking similar to each other, then we will say that the nuclei are monomorphic. And like in this case, you have all the nuclei which are looking", "corrected_text": " Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the nuclei, we should also understand what are the different nuclear patterns that we will see on the histology slide. So there are two patterns that are usually described. One is called as monomorphic nuclei. So monomorphic means when all the nuclei, they appear relatively similar to each other. So if the nuclei, they're looking similar to each other, then we will say that the nuclei are monomorphic. And like in this case, you have all the nuclei which are looking", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Explanation', 'concept_id': 'C0681841', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'nuclear patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.7514219284057617}, {'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slides', 'concept_id': 'C0444330', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monomorphic nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0205649', 'confidence': 0.61530601978302}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_275", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006048", "caption": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_276", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004747", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_277", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008702", "caption": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_278", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007632", "caption": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus', 'Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "corrected_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanophages, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Contains', 'concept_id': 'C0332256', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'clonal populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.8110582232475281}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'combinations', 'concept_id': 'C0453882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_279", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004181", "caption": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_280", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006217", "caption": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even like a serendoma. A serendoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire serendoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the serendoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromucinous. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "corrected_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricholemmoma or even like a syringoma. A syringoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire syringoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the syringoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromyxoid. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.8987292051315308}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse dissection', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.7718934416770935}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_281", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006861", "caption": "Architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates, and Paneth cell metaplasia may indicate inflammatory bowel disease or diversion colitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Architectural distortion', 'Prominent lymphoid aggregates', 'Paneth cell metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates and pan-at-cell metaplasia, C-note in the absence of any history, the differential diagnosis includes, you know, inflammatory bowel disease, com parenthesis quiescent, comma. I mean, because of the lymphoid aggregates, I would think about diversion colitis, knowing that this is from the rectum, even if I don't know that the patient has a Hartman's pouch. I would say infection is unlikely and medication probably unlikely. And for the first case, let's, sometimes we get the condition that give you just random colon and not have this. Just on the one, just on the one biopsy. Yeah. And then", "corrected_text": " architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates and paneth cell metaplasia, note in the absence of any history, the differential diagnosis includes, you know, inflammatory bowel disease, com parenthesis quiescent, comma. I mean, because of the lymphoid aggregates, I would think about diversion colitis, knowing that this is from the rectum, even if I don't know that the patient has a Hartman's pouch. I would say infection is unlikely and medication probably unlikely. And for the first case, let's, sometimes we get the condition that give you just random colon and not have this. Just on the one, just on the one biopsy. Yeah. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Paneth', 'concept_id': 'C0227276', 'confidence': 0.7872004508972168}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diversion colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267532', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infection', 'concept_id': 'C0009450', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'medication', 'concept_id': 'C0013227', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diversion colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267532', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Hartman\u2019s pouch', 'concept_id': 'C0447546', 'confidence': 0.9055206179618835}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_282", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008745", "caption": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells']", "noisy_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, quadricected shade biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metacyproplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "corrected_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, excisional biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pseudoepithelial metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1317977', 'confidence': 0.7813463807106018}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Nodular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0241130', 'confidence': 0.840809166431427}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_283", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005865", "caption": "The narrator is discussing low-grade and high-grade dysplasia and pointing out the differences in glandular architecture, specifically the presence or absence of stroma between glands.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_86336143-b38a-4f77-8964-9f24c07a1c0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cribriform intraglandular pattern.', 'Cribriform intraglandular pattern.']", "noisy_text": " with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal here. Low-grade dysplastic changes here and the high-grade dysplastic changes here. See the cribriform. Why they are not back-to-back glands? When it is back-to-back glands, you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation", "corrected_text": " with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal here. low-grade dysplasia here and the high-grade dysplasia here. See the cribriform. Why they are not back-to-back glands? When it is back-to-back glands, you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'differences', 'concept_id': 'C1705241', 'confidence': 0.9019047021865845}, {'entity': 'glandular architecture', 'concept_id': 'C1710057', 'confidence': 0.8609142303466797}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_284", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007913", "caption": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_285", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006254", "caption": "This type of tumor does not exhibit perineural invasion.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ef0792c-d1b8-4de0-a1fd-16a0557d2051.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'calcification', 'perineural invasion', 'cleft between the stroma and the epithelium']", "noisy_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichophthelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the clest between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "corrected_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the cleft between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.8335589170455933}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineural invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1317608', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'duct-like structures', 'concept_id': 'C1880423', 'confidence': 0.9012507796287537}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_286", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006184", "caption": "Description of a cocktail of markers used for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate diagnosis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_287", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005791", "caption": "Reticular connective tissue is found underneath all epithelial tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['elastic cartilage', 'lacunas', 'chondrocytes', 'external ear', 'epiglottis', 'reticular connective tissue', 'epithelial tissue']", "noisy_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "corrected_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examined', 'concept_id': 'C0332128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lacunas', 'concept_id': 'C1459585', 'confidence': 0.8563621044158936}, {'entity': 'chondrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225369', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'external ear', 'concept_id': 'C0013453', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epiglottis', 'concept_id': 'C0014540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reticular', 'concept_id': 'C0439739', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_288", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009451", "caption": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_da8f5777-05ab-42a2-aa28-5a3ebba66391.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['nodular infiltrate in the dermis', 'lymphocytes', 'clear spaces centrally', 'plasma cells', 'large histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0241130', 'confidence': 0.840809166431427}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_289", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009311", "caption": "Presence of crescent in the Bowman space, which is associated with glomerular nephritis. Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus.", "image_path": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_27eadb3c-ce49-4591-857f-e4fccb4d1353.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['crescent in the Bowman space', 'peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure compressing the glomerulus', 'crescent in the Bowman space']", "noisy_text": " But what's happening is, in the Bowman space, something is protruding from the Bowman space, right? You must have definitely read about multiple things in glomerular nephritis. You must have definitely come across something called as a crescent. This is actually the crescent. You won't expect crescent always in the crescentic form. The crescent is something which is going to be there in the Bowman's capsule coming from your membrane, right? If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one,", "corrected_text": " But what's happening is, in the Bowman space, something is protruding from the Bowman space, right? You must have definitely read about multiple things in glomerular nephritis. You must have definitely come across something called as a crescent. This is actually the crescent. You won't expect crescent always in the crescentic form. The crescent is something which is going to be there in the Bowman's capsule coming from your membrane, right? If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Bowman space', 'concept_id': 'C1280145', 'confidence': 0.8839771747589111}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glomerular nephritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017658', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Peritoneal', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial hyperpressure', 'concept_id': 'C0014599', 'confidence': 0.6601702570915222}, {'entity': 'compress', 'concept_id': 'C0180053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glomerulus', 'concept_id': 'C0022663', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_290", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004615", "caption": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_291", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007025", "caption": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f812ec50-bd85-4cd2-9331-14ea1298939e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia', 'endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia', 'endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia']", "noisy_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "corrected_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0007637', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV infection', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_292", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006386", "caption": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c8f1c057-4f32-4953-9485-51e33ded345a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_293", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008378", "caption": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_294", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008332", "caption": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_44ce97d9-5997-4adb-a80a-2e2ee7c81a7c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "corrected_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'collection', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_295", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005500", "caption": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'dermis']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_296", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005820", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_297", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006905", "caption": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells', 'ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "corrected_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ectatic vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7720959186553955}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pallor', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_298", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005153", "caption": "Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus, leading to the formation of a crescent.", "image_path": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_af6baf36-21c1-4ead-89f1-558f577cb4e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure compressing the glomerulus', 'Compressed glomerulus forming a crescent']", "noisy_text": " If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one, right? Now with this information, let's go and look at this glomeruli again. Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I", "corrected_text": " If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one, right? Now with this information, let's go and look at this glomeruli again. Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Peritoneal', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial hyperpressure', 'concept_id': 'C0014599', 'confidence': 0.6601702570915222}, {'entity': 'compress', 'concept_id': 'C0180053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glomerulus', 'concept_id': 'C0022663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescents', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_299", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005622", "caption": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3a278ee7-85de-4e68-9956-e24372331084.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland', 'luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland']", "noisy_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and malatial formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunosuchemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "corrected_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and mucin formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal ruffling', 'concept_id': 'C3269125', 'confidence': 0.690064549446106}, {'entity': 'prostate glands', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 0.8152219653129578}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal borders', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.6706532835960388}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_300", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009076", "caption": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_301", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008827", "caption": "The glands in some areas appear atrophic and have prominent cell nuclei, while in other areas they appear bland and have less prominent nuclei.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_adc28341-9f87-429b-98cd-8930d149ff80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prominent cell nuclei in some glands', 'Atrophy in some areas', 'Possibility of prior therapy']", "noisy_text": " If we go a bit closer, the nuclei are not that prominent. You see some prominent nuclei in some of the glands. But some other glands just look very bland. And it's almost like the case is sending mixed messages. In some areas, you see prominent nuclei. In some other areas, you don't see prominent nuclei. It looks very atrophic. And this obviously makes people very nervous when you see a lot of atrophy. The other issue is you could wonder, or you could ask, did this patient get any prior therapy? That's something", "corrected_text": " If we go a bit closer, the nuclei are not that prominent. You see some prominent cell nuclei in some of the glands. But some other glands just look very bland. And it's almost like the case is sending mixed messages. In some areas, you see prominent cell nuclei. In some other areas, you don't see prominent cell nuclei. It looks very atrophic. And this obviously makes people very nervous when you see a lot of atrophy. The other issue is you could wonder, or you could ask, did this patient get any prior therapy? That's something", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic', 'concept_id': 'C0151514', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'raised', 'concept_id': 'C0442818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_302", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005828", "caption": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_303", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004506", "caption": "The lesion is asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed, and goes deep.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8881ae2e-2460-4641-8ebe-08c0de40ed9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Asymmetrical lesion', 'Poorly circumscribed lesion', 'Lesion that goes deep', 'Lesion that goes deep']", "noisy_text": " You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is probably about a centimeter excision. This lesion is pretty big. It goes deep. It's asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed. Totally like epithelial. So 80% of the work is done. So now all we have to do is just go to higher magnification and decide what kind of specific differentiation we're looking at,", "corrected_text": " You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is probably about a centimeter excision. This lesion is pretty big. It goes deep. It's asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed. Totally like epithelial. So 80% of the work is done. So now all we have to do is just go to higher magnification and decide what kind of specific differentiation we're looking at,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'asymmetrical', 'concept_id': 'C0332514', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poorly circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.8116709589958191}, {'entity': 'deep', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'notes', 'concept_id': 'C1317574', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_304", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004508", "caption": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1d23a123-faf8-4547-ba27-188309145df0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions', 'Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions', 'Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tuberculosis', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fungal infections', 'concept_id': 'C0026946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'idiopathic', 'concept_id': 'C0332240', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lymphoid follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0229654', 'confidence': 0.9380706548690796}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic gastroenteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017160', 'confidence': 0.8353270292282104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_305", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006505", "caption": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus.", "image_path": "1DP288T6QqU_image_6f1bab13-6de6-48e6-9619-e8183c2352b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "roi_text": "['Cut skin biopsy', 'Lesion diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum']", "noisy_text": " And the other side of this cut skin biopsy looks exactly the same. Also notice that the parts of the normal skin around it look fairly normal. And specifically, this lesion has been completely excised. It's almost a shame to diagnose this lesion in terms of cells and stuff like that. I will. But let me tell you, there is nothing else in the world on the skin that looks like this. And even inexperienced dermatologists and inexperienced pathologists can take a look at this. And bingo, they say instantly, molluscum contagiosum. It's a virus. And it's contagious. And that's why they call it molluscum contagiosum. I'm going to describe it in more particular language anyway. Notice how", "corrected_text": " And the other side of this cut skin biopsy looks exactly the same. Also notice that the parts of the normal skin around it look fairly normal. And specifically, this lesion has been completely excised. It's almost a shame to diagnose this lesion in terms of cells and stuff like that. I will. But let me tell you, there is nothing else in the world on the skin that looks like this. And even inexperienced dermatologists and inexperienced pathologists can take a look at this. And bingo, they say instantly, molluscum contagiosum. It's a virus. And it's contagious. And that's why they call it molluscum contagiosum. I'm going to describe it in more particular language anyway. Notice how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'skin biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0150866', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'molluscum contagiosum', 'concept_id': 'C0026393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'contagious virus', 'concept_id': 'C0029200', 'confidence': 0.7398762106895447}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "760.0", "id": "test_306", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005050", "caption": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c0bd25a7-9df4-46e4-9c52-8709b5207449.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['submucosa', 'submucosa']", "noisy_text": " for example, carotid endoartrectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submicosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submicosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "corrected_text": " for example, carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submucosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submucosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carotid endarterectomy', 'concept_id': 'C0014099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abdominal aortic encephalopathy', 'concept_id': 'C0507867', 'confidence': 0.6308470964431763}, {'entity': 'cholesterol emboli', 'concept_id': 'C0149649', 'confidence': 0.8653062582015991}], [{'entity': 'Neural hypertrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0020564', 'confidence': 0.8345715999603271}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_307", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004222", "caption": "Myxoid liposarcoma and lipoblastoma can have a close morphological overlap in children.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_89e552f2-936d-4b04-95ec-e323ca972716.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " molecular confirmation on for sure, to be sure of. And the other thing is that in a kid, if you see something that you think looks like myxoid liposarcoma, the first thing you should think of is lipoblastoma, which can have a very close overlap morphologically and look very similar to this. There are some differences, but it's very similar. And I feel like if I've got any doubt, I wanna do fish to be sure, because the difference is totally benign versus malignant. And a big difference for the kid. And it's real easy to solve with molecular. So I've", "corrected_text": " molecular confirmation on for sure, to be sure of. And the other thing is that in a kid, if you see something that you think looks like myxoid liposarcoma, the first thing you should think of is lipoblastoma, which can have a very close overlap morphologically and look very similar to this. There are some differences, but it's very similar. And I feel like if I've got any doubt, I wanna do fish to be sure, because the difference is totally benign versus malignant. And a big difference for the kid. And it's real easy to solve with molecular. So I've", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipoblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C1260965', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphological', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'overlap', 'concept_id': 'C0185027', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'children', 'concept_id': 'C0008059', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Fish', 'concept_id': 'C0016163', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_308", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008085", "caption": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_309", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009511", "caption": "Presence of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the epidermis, and an infiltrate composed entirely of lymphocytes within the dermis. These findings are most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_de15cf1a-c5f9-4c9d-ad1b-28353e4df116.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes', 'Mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'Infiltrate composed entirely of lymphocytes within the dermis', 'Extravasated erythrocytes carried up into the overlying epidermis', 'Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes', 'Mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'Infiltrate composed entirely of lymphocytes within the dermis', 'Extravasated erythrocytes carried up into the overlying epidermis']", "noisy_text": " infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of perikaratosis within the stratum corneum. Within the epidermis, there were a few scattered dyskeratotic cells not present in great number, and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I", "corrected_text": " infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum. Within the epidermis, there were a few scattered dyskeratotic cells not present in great number, and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exocytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0015283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spaces', 'concept_id': 'C1883067', 'confidence': 0.7782474160194397}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_310", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005501", "caption": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'dermis']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_311", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008696", "caption": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles', 'fibrous stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma']", "noisy_text": " This is sort of a tricofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the tricofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromucinous. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a tricofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "corrected_text": " This is sort of a trichofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the trichofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromyxoid. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a trichofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Trichofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'miniaturized hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.7287319302558899}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7124271988868713}], [{'entity': 'Follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_312", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008896", "caption": "Perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can be histologic mimics of this tumor.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fine delicate thread-like collagen', 'spindle cells', 'perineurioma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'whirled or swirled areas']", "noisy_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "corrected_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'background', 'concept_id': 'C1706907', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'delicate', 'concept_id': 'C0241181', 'confidence': 0.7745490074157715}, {'entity': 'thread-like collagen', 'concept_id': 'C1979891', 'confidence': 0.845443606376648}], [{'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'oval', 'concept_id': 'C1709367', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'angle of sectioning', 'concept_id': 'C0700320', 'confidence': 0.7131970524787903}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mimics', 'concept_id': 'C0393040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_313", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008899", "caption": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_a313915e-be10-4a8c-aad9-4213e6f88f34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_314", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006702", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6201890b-5220-4475-a935-214bc290131a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['positive lymph node', 'intraductal carcinoma', 'prostate', 'invasive cancer']", "noisy_text": " there's actually a positive lymph node right there, see? So you can see there's no introductal carcinoma here, because it's impossible for an introductal process to metastasize. So the point I'm trying to make is introductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door that does all those bad things. So that's the message I'm trying to pass across. So this is a very good example of introductal carcinoma of the prostate with associated high-grade, high-volume invasive", "corrected_text": " there's actually a positive lymph node right there, see? So you can see there's no intraductal carcinoma here, because it's impossible for an intracanalicular process to metastasize. So the point I'm trying to make is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door that does all those bad things. So that's the message I'm trying to pass across. So this is a very good example of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with associated high-grade, high-volume invasive", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymph node', 'concept_id': 'C0024204', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracystic', 'concept_id': 'C1708174', 'confidence': 0.8438851833343506}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-volume', 'concept_id': 'C3494218', 'confidence': 0.8583465814590454}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_315", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006283", "caption": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_efe17185-babf-4805-a5af-7bc44ac4c0bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Nodules on acral skin', 'Nodules around joints']", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_316", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008809", "caption": "Spear adenoma is a glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Two cell types, light and dark staining', 'Sprinkling of lymphocytes', 'Duct formation within the tumor', 'Edematous stroma', 'Spear adenoma']", "noisy_text": " are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of", "corrected_text": " are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'light staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 0.7634408473968506}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Hints', 'concept_id': 'C1512348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'configuration', 'concept_id': 'C0449830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ducts', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1333376', 'confidence': 0.8675230145454407}, {'entity': 'diagnostic', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}], [{'entity': 'Spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}, {'entity': 'glandular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0205854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretory', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_317", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006605", "caption": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell change along the DEJ', 'melanophages with variable pigment size and shape']", "noisy_text": " cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced bacular change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and a few scattered melanophages within a papillary dermis that's somewhat thickened by coarse collagen, indicating that this is probably a long-standing process. Again, note all the melanophages here, and I'm going to zoom in again. One of the points we made with the hemocentaurotic dermatofibroma is that the pigment present within the histiocytes or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the", "corrected_text": " cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and a few scattered melanocytes within a papillary dermis that's somewhat thickened by coarse collagen, indicating that this is probably a chronic process. Again, note all the melanophages here, and I'm going to zoom in again. One of the points we made with the hemocentaurotic dermatofibroma is that the pigment present within the histiocytes or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patchy', 'concept_id': 'C0205413', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'band-like infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.6589096188545227}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic process', 'concept_id': 'C0205191', 'confidence': 0.7250075340270996}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment size', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 0.7176747918128967}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Uniform size', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 0.7298805713653564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophage', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.8030633330345154}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_318", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006562", "caption": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa.", "image_path": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_8adc79e0-8010-43ae-9d68-b581f21e28ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Pulmonary']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle bundles', 'lymphomatous cells', 'wall of the small bowel', 'ulceration of the mucosa', 'fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate', 'GI bleeding', 'smooth muscle bundles', 'lymphomatous cells', 'wall of the small bowel', 'ulceration of the mucosa', 'fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate', 'GI bleeding']", "noisy_text": " see some smooth muscle bundles here, but this is very much infiltrated by lymphomatous cells, and then of course, we have the serosa. So we can see that there is a very abnormal infiltrate of this bluish appearing cells throughout the wall of the small bowel. In some areas, it is full thickness. In other areas, it just involves part of the wall, and in fact, in this area, we can see that this has caused ulceration of the mucosa. There is this fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate here, and of course, this means that it can give rise to GI bleeding. Taking a", "corrected_text": " see some smooth muscle bundles here, but this is very much infiltrated by lymphomatous cells, and then of course, we have the serosa. So we can see that there is a very abnormal infiltrate of this bluish appearing cells throughout the wall of the small bowel. In some areas, it is full thickness. In other areas, it just involves part of the wall, and in fact, in this area, we can see that this has caused ulceration of the mucosa. There is this fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate here, and of course, this means that it can give rise to GI bleeding. Taking a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}, {'entity': 'infiltrated', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphomatous cells', 'concept_id': 'C0883208', 'confidence': 0.8273725509643555}, {'entity': 'wall', 'concept_id': 'C0677535', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small bowel', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ulceration', 'concept_id': 'C0041582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0026724', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GI bleeding', 'concept_id': 'C0017181', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "644.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_319", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007664", "caption": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e0cc5063-6799-42a7-b30e-d112cb172cc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cryptitis', 'Cryptitis', 'Crypt abscess', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.']", "noisy_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "corrected_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0014868', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_320", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009080", "caption": "A patient with chlamydia was misdiagnosed as IBD and developed a rectal stricture due to improper treatment.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_65b6c43f-9a35-4a19-a5af-aab14165c2f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Rectum', 'Chlamydia', 'Immunostain']", "noisy_text": " process and getting them the proper antibiotics. Many of these cases, especially when we were starting to recognize them, both clinicians and some pathologists were leaning towards IBD. And I had one or two cases that were treated as IBD for a certain period of time, specifically I'm remembering a patient with chlamydia and he developed a stricture in the rectum because he wasn't treated properly. This was syphilis. For chlamydia, there's no immunostain. Actually, I misspoke. There is an immunostain. I think the CDC uses it, but it's not available for massive consumption.", "corrected_text": " process and getting them the proper antibiotics. Many of these cases, especially when we were starting to recognize them, both clinicians and some pathologists were leaning towards IBD. And I had one or two cases that were treated as IBD for a certain period of time, specifically I'm remembering a patient with chlamydia and he developed a stricture in the rectum because he wasn't treated properly. This was syphilis. For chlamydia, there's no immunostain. Actually, I misspoke. There is an immunostain. I think the CDC uses it, but it's not available for massive consumption.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'antibiotics', 'concept_id': 'C0003232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rectal stricture', 'concept_id': 'C0267582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'improper treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.7291568517684937}], [{'entity': 'Immunostain', 'concept_id': 'C1441614', 'confidence': 0.7340688109397888}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_321", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006791", "caption": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_4983899f-27fa-4020-a5f1-1a3ae726f6bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nucleolus', 'myofibroblasts', 'myositis ossificans']", "noisy_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myocytosocificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "corrected_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myositis ossificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'amphiphilic', 'concept_id': 'C0596084', 'confidence': 0.8564908504486084}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Characteristic', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myositis ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0027122', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'USP6', 'concept_id': 'C1175888', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_322", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006268", "caption": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_323", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005407", "caption": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_00927d48-7249-4c31-a7a8-1dda7d03a057.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland', 'luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland']", "noisy_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and malatial formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunosuchemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "corrected_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and mucin formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal ruffling', 'concept_id': 'C3269125', 'confidence': 0.690064549446106}, {'entity': 'prostate glands', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 0.8152219653129578}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal borders', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.6706532835960388}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_324", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008621", "caption": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f34ec1bf-1a92-4201-8a31-1e8831252218.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach', 'Peritoneal cells in gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa', 'Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach', 'Pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "corrected_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acinar structures', 'concept_id': 'C0678594', 'confidence': 0.7908228039741516}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}], [{'entity': 'Pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_325", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005207", "caption": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5eb1593c-a2f1-493d-b339-0054c108ae6a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_326", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008705", "caption": "Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle that spirals up and out through the surface, allowing sweat to come out to the surface.", "image_path": "pheenISyPWk_image_5ccf4240-3b41-4b73-9794-9866f7eab835.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle', 'Spiraling duct', 'Corneal layer', 'Structure that allows sweat to come out to the surface']", "noisy_text": " double cuboidal layer with a little lumen lined by pink cuticle, it eventually comes up and empties into the surface, and when it does, you can see it kind of spirals, this is all one duct that's kind of spiraling, we're just cutting through part of the spiral, and it spirals up and out through the surface, and that's still the space there, even going through the corneal layer that allows the sweat to come out to the surface. So when you get sweaty feet or sweaty palms, this is how it's happening, and so this structure is called", "corrected_text": " double cuboidal layer with a little lumen lined by pink cuticle, it eventually comes up and empties into the surface, and when it does, you can see it kind of spirals, this is all one duct that's kind of spiraling, we're just cutting through part of the spiral, and it spirals up and out through the surface, and that's still the space there, even going through the corneal layer that allows the sweat to come out to the surface. So when you get sweaty feet or sweaty palms, this is how it's happening, and so this structure is called", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Double cuboidal layer', 'concept_id': 'C1856923', 'confidence': 0.5985994338989258}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuticle', 'concept_id': 'C2699479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spirals', 'concept_id': 'C0860888', 'confidence': 0.8691306710243225}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sweat', 'concept_id': 'C0038984', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_327", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004180", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_328", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004199", "caption": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_329", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005559", "caption": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_330", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008999", "caption": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_331", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007951", "caption": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bbb3d6a9-2b31-40d8-ac87-c7c122f31da5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "corrected_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric cardiac type', 'concept_id': 'C0524600', 'confidence': 0.7429378628730774}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastroesophageal junction', 'concept_id': 'C0014871', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregularly', 'concept_id': 'C0425589', 'confidence': 0.905201256275177}, {'entity': 'sized', 'concept_id': 'C0600244', 'confidence': 0.8308623433113098}, {'entity': 'shaped glands', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 0.7275685667991638}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Importance', 'concept_id': 'C4086513', 'confidence': 0.96006178855896}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_332", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006663", "caption": "The presence of apoptotic bodies in a patient with IBD was unexpected.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " it just didn't make sense for a patient with IBD to have this many just apoptotic micro abscesses. And I thought, well, maybe this is CMV, but I don't see the viral cytopathic changes. But lo and behold, the stain was positive. And then I went back. I went back and said, oh, yeah, there they are there. And there's a there's a more better one. Hold on. Right there, right there. And that's the one that actually lit up on the stain. Yeah, but really what took me off was the apoptosis. I didn't pick up on the on the viral cytopathic changes. Typically,", "corrected_text": " it just didn't make sense for a patient with IBD to have this many just apoptotic bodies. And I thought, well, maybe this is CMV, but I don't see the viral cytopathic changes. But lo and behold, the stain was positive. And then I went back. I went back and said, oh, yeah, there they are there. And there's a there's a more better one. Hold on. Right there, right there. And that's the one that actually lit up on the stain. Yeah, but really what took me off was the apoptosis. I didn't pick up on the on the viral cytopathic changes. Typically,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptotic bodies', 'concept_id': 'C3269134', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytomegalic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0391864', 'confidence': 0.864702582359314}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'virus', 'concept_id': 'C0042776', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_333", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005095", "caption": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare in the skin", "image_path": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_b0439307-61c8-498f-993c-a7000aae3918.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that's desmoplastic melanoma until proven otherwise, okay? So I think that's the main thing. And occasionally I get these where people will send them in and say they think it's a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. I have a whole long video on my YouTube channel about that entity. You can check out if you want, but I'll just tell you this. I've only seen ever one malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the skin. And it was a, even then, I only made that diagnosis with great trepidation because almost always", "corrected_text": " that's desmoplastic melanoma until proven otherwise, okay? So I think that's the main thing. And occasionally I get these where people will send them in and say they think it's a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. I have a whole long video on my YouTube channel about that entity. You can check out if you want, but I'll just tell you this. I've only seen ever one malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the skin. And it was a, even then, I only made that diagnosis with great trepidation because almost always", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C1333280', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignant peripheral nerve sheath', 'concept_id': 'C0278622', 'confidence': 0.9168763160705566}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_334", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008894", "caption": "The background of the tissue sample shows very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fine delicate thread-like collagen', 'spindle cells', 'perineurioma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'whirled or swirled areas']", "noisy_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "corrected_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'background', 'concept_id': 'C1706907', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'delicate', 'concept_id': 'C0241181', 'confidence': 0.7745490074157715}, {'entity': 'thread-like collagen', 'concept_id': 'C1979891', 'confidence': 0.845443606376648}], [{'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'oval', 'concept_id': 'C1709367', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'angle of sectioning', 'concept_id': 'C0700320', 'confidence': 0.7131970524787903}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mimics', 'concept_id': 'C0393040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_335", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004299", "caption": "Cytologic atypia can be a helpful finding in cases of mild ischemia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia', 'Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia']", "noisy_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyaluronized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "corrected_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyalinized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial injury', 'concept_id': 'C0332671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_336", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009267", "caption": "DFSP may show loss of expression of CD34 and have a translocation between collagen 1a1 PDGF beta genes.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eb03e94f-15fe-4d21-915f-0ec33f6f6f98.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " more cellular and fibrosarcoma sometimes they lose expression of CD34 I'll make a video about DFSP at some point in the future that'll go over all this in detail so anyway you could do molecular testing there DFSP as a translocation between the collagen 1a1 PDGF beta genes and again here we have the fuss CREB 3L2 or 3L1 translocation so molecular testing could sort this out if you had trouble and of course MUC4 should be helpful too finally I'm going to show one last example and then I think you'll have seen nine different cases of low grade fibromyxoid", "corrected_text": " more cellular and fibrosarcoma sometimes they loss of expression of CD34 I'll make a video about DFSP at some point in the future that'll go over all this in detail so anyway you could do molecular testing there DFSP as a translocation between the collagen 1a1 PDGF beta genes and again here we have the FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 so molecular testing could sort this out if you had trouble and of course MUC4 should be helpful too finally I'm going to show one last example and then I think you'll have seen nine different cases of low grade fibromyxoid", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'beta genes', 'concept_id': 'C0242988', 'confidence': 0.8049559593200684}], [{'entity': 'Molecular testing', 'concept_id': 'C1521991', 'confidence': 0.8002516627311707}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_337", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005778", "caption": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_338", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007548", "caption": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23235661-1c42-4ffa-bcbb-f55c9be57c00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus']", "noisy_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "corrected_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_339", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007705", "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process', 'nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process', 'nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process']", "noisy_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "corrected_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of cellular polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of cellular polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary process', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.763504683971405}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_340", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006208", "caption": "The tumor is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, characterized by cytoplasmic clearing.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['papillary structures', 'transitional type cells', 'marked atypia', 'invasion in the ovarian stroma', 'cytoplasmic clearing', 'invasion in the ovarian stroma']", "noisy_text": " tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urethelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion in the ovarian stroma. Now it is named as malignant Brenner tumor or transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary. Here you can see this is the clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. You can well identify the cytoplasmic clearing these rounded clear structures cytoplasmic clearing of", "corrected_text": " tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked atypia in the urothelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion in the ovarian stroma. Now it is named as malignant Brenner tumor or transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary. Here you can see this is the clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. You can well identify the cytoplasmic clearing these rounded clear structures cytoplasmic clearing of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Brenner borderline tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0334494', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Brenner tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006160', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1518174', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic clearing', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8013758659362793}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_341", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006580", "caption": "The cells are bland and do not form cords or chains.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_2e174b62-bb8a-44e9-910e-06ccc04325d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['conventional myxoid liposarcoma', 'cells are spread apart', 'do not touch each other', 'large personal space bubble', 'good social distancing', 'cells are bland', 'do not form cords or chains', 'conventional myxoid liposarcoma', 'cells are spread apart', 'do not touch each other', 'large personal space bubble', 'good social distancing', 'cells are bland', 'do not form cords or chains']", "noisy_text": " The one thing that I think is really helpful in telling it apart from a lot of other myxoid tumors is note that the cells are spread apart and do not touch each other. They like respect, they have good social distancing. Ooh, I just thought of that. Now I haven't thought of that since COVID started and that's a great thing. They have a very large personal space bubble, okay? And they're good social distancers. They stay away from their neighbors and usually very few of them overlap. They do not form cords and chains. So unlike some of the other myxoid stuff we talked about which have cords and chains and connected cells, you don't see connected cells usually in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a", "corrected_text": " The one thing that I think is really helpful in telling it apart from a lot of other myxoid tumors is note that the cells are spread apart and do not touch each other. They like respect, they have good social distancing. Ooh, I just thought of that. Now I haven't thought of that since COVID started and that's a great thing. They have a very large personal space bubble, okay? And they're good social distancers. They stay away from their neighbors and usually very few of them overlap. They do not form cords and chains. So unlike some of the other myxoid stuff we talked about which have cords and chains and connected cells, you don't see connected cells usually in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'spread', 'concept_id': 'C0332261', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'touch', 'concept_id': 'C0152054', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'personal space', 'concept_id': 'C0031207', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bubble', 'concept_id': 'C2347223', 'confidence': 0.8612070083618164}, {'entity': 'social distancing', 'concept_id': 'C0037412', 'confidence': 0.8001358509063721}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'chains', 'concept_id': 'C0337112', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_342", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007516", "caption": "Thick stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles within the specimen.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_68593f1e-960b-4c9e-b4dd-5dd53d2e6edf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule']", "noisy_text": " can be quite impressive. Moving on to slide number 6. With slide number 6 we've got a bisected shape biopsy specimen. Now one of the useful clues to the diagnosis in this case is recognizing that we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve", "corrected_text": " can be quite impressive. Moving on to slide number 6. With slide number 6 we've got a bisected shape biopsy specimen. Now one of the useful clues to the diagnosis in this case is recognizing that we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Bisected', 'concept_id': 'C0589437', 'confidence': 0.7404435873031616}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}], [{'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'core', 'concept_id': 'C0444669', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_343", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006766", "caption": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_353043e6-6c02-4d48-a642-e33dbc6b88d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['metastases to lung or pleura']", "noisy_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "corrected_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'unusual', 'concept_id': 'C2700116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'median', 'concept_id': 'C0549183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_344", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008783", "caption": "Histopathological description of a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_72ec0615-9379-4a20-b70d-60800c0a59e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillary']", "noisy_text": " hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of pericaratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the", "corrected_text": " hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of parakeratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 0.8714284300804138}, {'entity': 'quantified', 'concept_id': 'C1709793', 'confidence': 0.6807526350021362}, {'entity': 'layer', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compact ortho', 'concept_id': 'C1333134', 'confidence': 0.7191344499588013}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Patchy', 'concept_id': 'C0205413', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrative lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0333386', 'confidence': 0.8475345373153687}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_345", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008781", "caption": "Possible diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) based on the streaming of cells in the same direction and the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " here like that see all the cells are kind of streaming the same direction so one thing you could consider here I think would be would be a dermata fibrosarcoma protuberans a myxoid DFSP DFSPs particularly as they transform into a higher grade form they can begin to get kind of vesicular almost herringbone areas and even though this isn't nearly as cellular as a fibrosarcoma as DFSP I think still seeing myxoid bland spindle cell thing that has that has areas like this could really make me wonder am I dealing with a DFSP and DFSPs that get more cellular", "corrected_text": " here like that see all the cells are kind of streaming the same direction so one thing you could consider here I think would be would be a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans a myxoid DFSP DFSPs particularly as they transform into a higher grade form they can begin to get kind of vesicular almost herringbone areas and even though this isn't nearly as cellular as a fibrosarcoma as DFSP I think still seeing myxoid bland spindle cell thing that has that has areas like this could really make me wonder am I dealing with a DFSP and DFSPs that get more cellular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'streaming', 'concept_id': 'C0720356', 'confidence': 0.736393928527832}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'direction', 'concept_id': 'C0449738', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid bland spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.6821858286857605}], [{'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'herringbone areas', 'concept_id': 'C0264075', 'confidence': 0.7204739451408386}, {'entity': 'transform', 'concept_id': 'C1510411', 'confidence': 0.8196498155593872}, {'entity': 'higher', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'grade form', 'concept_id': 'C0441800', 'confidence': 0.7383699417114258}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_346", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005319", "caption": "Nevus sebaceus hamartoma involves both the epithelial and follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'epithelial and follicular elements', 'perifollicular connective tissue', 'dense fibrous stroma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'clefting', 'nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'epithelial and follicular elements', 'perifollicular connective tissue', 'dense fibrous stroma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'clefting']", "noisy_text": " because it grows back, because there's also a soil component in addition to the growth on top of the soil. You've got to have the background stroma, which is part of the nevus sebaceus hammertoma as well. So this is a similar kind of deal. It's a neoplasm involving both the epithelial and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this", "corrected_text": " because it grows back, because there's also a soil component in addition to the growth on top of the soil. You've got to have the background stroma, which is part of the nevus sebaceus hammertoma as well. So this is a similar kind of deal. It's a neoplasm involving both the epithelial and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C4476818', 'confidence': 0.8189855217933655}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elements', 'concept_id': 'C0013879', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perifollicular', 'concept_id': 'C1704236', 'confidence': 0.805053174495697}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mixoid', 'concept_id': 'C3850557', 'confidence': 0.7173998355865479}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_347", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005468", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_348", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004297", "caption": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia', 'Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia']", "noisy_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyaluronized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "corrected_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyalinized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial injury', 'concept_id': 'C0332671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_349", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005691", "caption": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b3d68748-0a10-4972-9581-5d3a1b3c9021.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had Clostridioides difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excluded', 'concept_id': 'C0332196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'C. diff', 'concept_id': 'C0238106', 'confidence': 0.8398770093917847}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'architectural changes', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.7067119479179382}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_350", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008836", "caption": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_d6f934fb-48d8-4b6f-8c4c-98bcf5d2070e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'calcification', 'perineural invasion', 'cleft between the stroma and the epithelium', 'calcification', 'cleft between the stroma and the epithelium']", "noisy_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichophthelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the clest between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "corrected_text": " There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would diagnose this as a desmoplastic MAC or a microcystic or a desmoplastic tricho and then just move on to the next case. It's different than MAC. It's different than basal cell. It doesn't have the cleft between the stroma and the epithelium here. Okay, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.8335589170455933}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineural invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1317608', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'duct-like structures', 'concept_id': 'C1880423', 'confidence': 0.9012507796287537}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_351", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004408", "caption": "Some of the vascular spaces contain extravasated erythrocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa7fc227-da4a-4abd-aa17-71ba0970edd7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Upper portions of the biopsy specimen', 'Dermis with clear spaces', 'Central portion of the lesion with dilated vascular spaces and papillary projections', 'Plump endothelial cells lining the vascular spaces', 'Extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma', 'Upper portions of the biopsy specimen', 'Dermis with clear spaces', 'Central portion of the lesion with dilated vascular spaces and papillary projections', 'Plump endothelial cells lining the vascular spaces', 'Extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma']", "noisy_text": " pencil on that all clear. That is kind of confined to the upper portions of the biopsy specimen, so the action appears to be here with the dermis. The epidermis may be mildly hyperplastic, but you can see we've got these clear spaces present throughout the dermis. And if we move to higher power, we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here", "corrected_text": " pencil on that all clear. That is kind of confined to the upper portions of the biopsy specimen, so the action appears to be here with the dermis. The epidermis may be mildly hyperplastic, but you can see we've got these clear spaces present throughout the dermis. And if we move to higher power, we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spaces', 'concept_id': 'C1883067', 'confidence': 0.7782474160194397}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collection', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'plump endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 0.80415940284729}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'vascular', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_352", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005593", "caption": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions', 'Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions', 'Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tuberculosis', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fungal infections', 'concept_id': 'C0026946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'idiopathic', 'concept_id': 'C0332240', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lymphoid follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0229654', 'confidence': 0.9380706548690796}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic gastroenteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017160', 'confidence': 0.8353270292282104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_353", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004640", "caption": "Mycophenol-associated injury shows a lot more eosinophils than GVHD patients, typically more than 15 per high power field.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors microphenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic micro abscesses. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in microphenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly.", "corrected_text": " with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors microphenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic micro abscesses. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in microphenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol', 'concept_id': 'C0883242', 'confidence': 0.8315404653549194}], [{'entity': 'Neuroendocrine cell', 'concept_id': 'C1518275', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptotic bodies', 'concept_id': 'C3269134', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_354", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007798", "caption": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_355", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004449", "caption": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "corrected_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal skin', 'concept_id': 'C0558145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trait', 'concept_id': 'C0599883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.7651135921478271}, {'entity': 'fat', 'concept_id': 'C0015677', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep funiculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0241216', 'confidence': 0.7899089455604553}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interstitial regions', 'concept_id': 'C0596790', 'confidence': 0.7848911285400391}], [{'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_356", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006969", "caption": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_8370dccb-c960-4562-b3ff-07df89034286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung.']", "noisy_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "corrected_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid-like granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0333419', 'confidence': 0.7742165923118591}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TNF', 'concept_id': 'C0812246', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'concept_id': 'C0038013', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'risk factors', 'concept_id': 'C0035648', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TB', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ACE', 'concept_id': 'C0050385', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_357", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005077", "caption": "The patient has a focus of partial atrophy in the prostate gland, which is well-circumscribed and contains cystically dilated and partially atrophied glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7695b497-dc87-4ecb-a881-b7acc24dcf9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['partial atrophy', 'cystically dilated glands', 'well-circumscribed']", "noisy_text": " Again, very busy core, crowded core. And then as you come here, you can see cystically dilated glands, partially atrophied glands, fairly well circumscribed. And this doesn't typically occur in isolation. That's another point I want to make. It's very important to look at the background prostate of every patient, not just patients that have prostate cancer, but even patients who have benign prostates. You will see that the backgrounds are different from patient A to patient B to patient C. And it's very important to pay attention to that. Some patients have a lot of partial atrophy. Some patients have a lot of pinnish-like glands. Some patients have a lot of adenosis. So not all patients have the same kind of background prostate, even if there is no cancer there. And that's something else one should be aware of. If you have a patient that has a lot of partial atrophy, you need to raise your threshold very high before you call anything prostate cancer. Otherwise, one will get in trouble. So this is another patient here that has a focus of partial atrophy, here fairly well circumscribed. Some of the glands are a little bigger, but most of them are partially atrophic. Some have cystic atrophy, again, fairly well circumscribed. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain in that area, you can see, again, we're having", "corrected_text": " Again, very busy core, crowded core. And then as you come here, you can see cystically dilated glands, partially atrophied glands, fairly well circumscribed. And this doesn't typically occur in isolation. That's another point I want to make. It's very important to look at the background prostate of every patient, not just patients that have prostate cancer, but even patients who have benign prostates. You will see that the backgrounds are different from patient A to patient B to patient C. And it's very important to pay attention to that. Some patients have a lot of partial atrophy. Some patients have a lot of pinnish-like glands. Some patients have a lot of adenosis. So not all patients have the same kind of background prostate, even if there is no cancer there. And that's something else one should be aware of. If you have a patient that has a lot of partial atrophy, you need to raise your threshold very high before you call anything prostate cancer. Otherwise, one will get in trouble. So this is another patient here that has a focus of partial atrophy, here fairly well circumscribed. Some of the glands are a little bigger, but most of them are partially atrophic. Some have cystic atrophy, again, fairly well circumscribed. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain in that area, you can see, again, we're having", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate gland', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'cystically', 'concept_id': 'C0205207', 'confidence': 0.6787945628166199}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'atrophied glands', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 0.752121090888977}], [{'entity': 'background', 'concept_id': 'C1706907', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'backgrounds', 'concept_id': 'C1706907', 'confidence': 0.8927567601203918}, {'entity': 'affect', 'concept_id': 'C0001721', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interpretation', 'concept_id': 'C0459471', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'threshold', 'concept_id': 'C0449864', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_358", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004682", "caption": "Melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain was performed on a tissue sample.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d6d12dc2-328c-4877-9819-2d6a22ddd6c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is a melanocytic nevus and we can see in this positive control indeed the stain was working because the melanocytes are stained dark brown. So if we go up and take a look at the biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on", "corrected_text": " with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is a melanocytic nevus and we can see in this positive control indeed the stain was working because the melanocytes are stained dark brown. So if we go up and take a look at the biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Melanin A', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 0.8931530714035034}, {'entity': 'Mk1', 'concept_id': 'C1708816', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stain', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9572635889053345}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive control', 'concept_id': 'C1883676', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stained dark brown', 'concept_id': 'C4047948', 'confidence': 0.7432422637939453}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_359", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006734", "caption": "Assessment of fibrosis in the lamina propria is important for evaluating chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fb327f0b-c96a-4be0-9523-c2062b18c93b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Fibrosis in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticuline strain, you have to say reticuline poor or reticuline rich. You should not say reticuline absent or present. Reticuline will be always present, but is it poor or is it rich? That is the interpretation. This is, again, another indication of chronicity. Another interesting condition, which I saw", "corrected_text": " intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticulin stain, you have to say reticuline poor or reticuline rich. You should not say reticuline absent or present. Reticuline will be always present, but is it poor or is it rich? That is the interpretation. This is, again, another indication of chronicity. Another interesting condition, which I saw", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Assessment', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evaluating', 'concept_id': 'C0220825', 'confidence': 0.8878971934318542}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'richness', 'concept_id': 'C3415012', 'confidence': 0.5465915203094482}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'indication', 'concept_id': 'C0392360', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Reticulin stain', 'concept_id': 'C1294006', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poor', 'concept_id': 'C0032854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rich', 'concept_id': 'C0699759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absent', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_360", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006735", "caption": "Reticulin stain should be interpreted as reticuline poor or reticuline rich, not absent or present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fb327f0b-c96a-4be0-9523-c2062b18c93b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Fibrosis in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticuline strain, you have to say reticuline poor or reticuline rich. You should not say reticuline absent or present. Reticuline will be always present, but is it poor or is it rich? That is the interpretation. This is, again, another indication of chronicity. Another interesting condition, which I saw", "corrected_text": " intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticulin stain, you have to say reticuline poor or reticuline rich. You should not say reticuline absent or present. Reticuline will be always present, but is it poor or is it rich? That is the interpretation. This is, again, another indication of chronicity. Another interesting condition, which I saw", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Assessment', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evaluating', 'concept_id': 'C0220825', 'confidence': 0.8878971934318542}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'richness', 'concept_id': 'C3415012', 'confidence': 0.5465915203094482}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'indication', 'concept_id': 'C0392360', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Reticulin stain', 'concept_id': 'C1294006', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poor', 'concept_id': 'C0032854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rich', 'concept_id': 'C0699759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absent', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_361", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008751", "caption": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_362", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004519", "caption": "Patient likely has STI proctitis with mild inflammation and cryptitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['inflammation', 'histiocytes', 'plasma cells', 'neutrophils', 'lymphocytes', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " This is what I'm used to seeing in patients with STI proctitis, just a little bit in the way of inflammation, maybe some cryptitis here and there, but not to the degree that we saw in the previous case. The inflammation consists of, in the lamina propria, some histiocytes, plasma cells, and some neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that", "corrected_text": " This is what I'm used to seeing in patients with STI proctitis, just a little bit in the way of inflammation, maybe some cryptitis here and there, but not to the degree that we saw in the previous case. The inflammation consists of, in the lamina propria, some histiocytes, plasma cells, and some neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_363", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006871", "caption": "Crypt microabscesses and cryptitis are present.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['bloody bowel movement', 'IBD evaluation', 'architectural distortion', 'missing gland', 'bifurcation', 'crypt dropout', 'granulation tissue', 'crypt microabscesses', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "corrected_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'HIV-positive', 'concept_id': 'C4287934', 'confidence': 0.6893086433410645}, {'entity': 'male', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bloody bowel movement', 'concept_id': 'C0151594', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'post-polio syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C0080040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evaluated', 'concept_id': 'C0220825', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bifurcation', 'concept_id': 'C0184906', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dropout', 'concept_id': 'C0013135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulation tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0018180', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microabscesses', 'concept_id': 'C0333373', 'confidence': 0.879554271697998}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_364", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007588", "caption": "A person with sarcoidosis developed a severe granulomatous reaction from tattoo pigment on their eyelid.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_866e3517-bd3e-4c28-ae08-a37b8985372c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['eyelid tattoo', 'sarcoid granulomatous reaction', 'rosacea', 'nodular infiltrate', 'sarcoid morphology', 'histiocytes', 'eyelid tattoo', 'sarcoid granulomatous reaction', 'rosacea', 'nodular infiltrate', 'sarcoid morphology', 'histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " Somebody got one of these eyelid tattoos or whatever and they also had sarcoidosis and guess what? They got this horrible kevnerized sarcoid from this tattoo pigment. So this is a person that I think was a African-American person that got a tattoo and then you got a horrible sarcoidal granulomatous reaction. So, but you can sometimes see rosacea look like this. It's not usually this amount of it. And it'd be really, then this is sufficiently deep. You know, that's going down deep here. And this would be a nodular infiltrate with sarcoidal morphology, these histiocytes here. So that's a nice example of sarcoid to kind of", "corrected_text": " Somebody got one of these eyelid tattoos or whatever and they also had sarcoidosis and guess what? They got this severe kevnerized sarcoid from this tattoo pigment. So this is a person that I think was a African-American person that got a tattoo and then you got a severe sarcoidal granulomatous reaction. So, but you can sometimes see rosacea look like this. It's not usually this amount of it. And it'd be really, then this is sufficiently deep. You know, that's going down deep here. And this would be a nodular infiltrate with sarcoidal morphology, these histiocytes here. So that's a nice example of sarcoid to kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'person', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.856907308101654}, {'entity': 'tattoo pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 0.674771249294281}, {'entity': 'eyelid', 'concept_id': 'C0015426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0241130', 'confidence': 0.840809166431427}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_365", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007653", "caption": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Goblet cells in gastric mucosa', 'Peritoneal cells in the body of the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in algean blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is algean blue PAS, intersternal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "corrected_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in Alcian blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is Alcian blue PAS, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visualized', 'concept_id': 'C0234621', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H&E stain', 'concept_id': 'C0523207', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue color', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Alcian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0001933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'color', 'concept_id': 'C0009393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0227208', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_366", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006015", "caption": "The lesion is diffusely dissecting throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Lesion dissecting throughout the dermis', 'No nerve involvement observed', 'Sclerosing epithelial neoplasms', 'Deep biopsy necessary for definitive diagnosis']", "noisy_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic anexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "corrected_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic adnexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neurotropism', 'concept_id': 'C1518304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerves', 'concept_id': 'C0027740', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'deep biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0185285', 'confidence': 0.8188310265541077}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'No stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.8399802446365356}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_367", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008267", "caption": "Lymphocytic infiltrate is present, possibly due to inflammation.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1eed5e29-5b3c-4745-8e1f-b3fd32d86024.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['lymphocytic infiltrate', 'inflammation', 'skin']", "noisy_text": " So I'll say that Schmutz here, but it may be something other than that. Yeah, kind of the head scratcher a little bit. So we have the lymphocytic infiltrate over here. You know, that's I think that's real. I mean, it's probably some type of inflammation that may have occurred possibly because something is it's reacting to something, but there's definitely something else going on besides that. So this doesn't look normal in the skin, does it? Is that, yeah, those, yeah. I mean, yeah, I can't really readily identify what cell type those are. It does a little epithelioid. Where they", "corrected_text": " So I'll say that Schmutz here, but it may be something other than that. Yeah, kind of the head scratcher a little bit. So we have the lymphocytic infiltrate over here. You know, that's I think that's real. I mean, it's probably some type of inflammation that may have occurred possibly because something is it's reacting to something, but there's definitely something else going on besides that. So this doesn't look normal in the skin, does it? Is that, yeah, those, yeah. I mean, yeah, I can't really readily identify what cell type those are. It does a little epithelioid. Where they", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lymphocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0333386', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Something', 'concept_id': 'C3843412', 'confidence': 0.7484908699989319}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cell type', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_368", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009265", "caption": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_369", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008500", "caption": "Synovial sarcoma can have well-differentiated areas that resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['synovial sarcoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'FUS gene rearrangement']", "noisy_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put", "corrected_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS gene rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunohistochemistry findings. Put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Keratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TLE1', 'concept_id': 'C1420752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CREB3L2', 'concept_id': 'C1428221', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'genes', 'concept_id': 'C0017337', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Break apart FISH', 'concept_id': 'C3831569', 'confidence': 0.7467014789581299}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_370", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008864", "caption": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_371", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007487", "caption": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_372", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007922", "caption": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d0dd8936-2bca-4afa-a3fc-2a4f2a0d35bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Internal elastic lamina in one area', 'Branch of mesenteric artery', 'Branch of mesenteric vein', 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein']", "noisy_text": " And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a company called His Master's Voice, which we call HMV before, His Master's Voice. This dog is listening to the master's voice here. And another funny question there, is this dog male or female? Because it is His Master's Voice, it is male. I know it is not pathology, but talking up too", "corrected_text": " And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a company called His Master's Voice, which we call HMV before, His Master's Voice. This dog is listening to the master's voice here. And another funny question there, is this dog male or female? Because it is His Master's Voice, it is male. I know it is not pathology, but talking up too", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'branch', 'concept_id': 'C0205384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'branch', 'concept_id': 'C0205384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_373", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008724", "caption": "Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['siderophages']", "noisy_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "corrected_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'lumina', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.845600426197052}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': \"patch stage Kaposi's\", 'concept_id': 'C0280201', 'confidence': 0.7629613280296326}], [{'entity': 'HHV8', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_374", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008440", "caption": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_375", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005576", "caption": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ff372154-847a-4eee-acf2-1410e6eae2e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['intraductal carcinoma', 'cribriform glands', 'basal cells']", "noisy_text": " And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "corrected_text": " And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'core', 'concept_id': 'C0444669', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'high-grade tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.5436328053474426}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_376", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006950", "caption": "Spongiosis is present in sep-derm, indicating seborrheic dermatitis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seiboceriasis, try to avoid the term seiboceriasis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "corrected_text": " Now what's this pattern, what are we looking at right here? What's the histologic reaction pattern? Oh, it's the spongiosis. Some spongiosis. So you can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, just like that case last night that you guys presented had spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia. You can see some spongiosis in sep-derm, so it doesn't mean that they have allergic contact dermatitis or anything like that. So this is pretty good for sep-derm. If you want to say, well, there's a little more psoriasiform hyperplasia than usual there for seborrheic dermatitis, try to avoid the term seborrheic dermatitis because it's kind of a wastebasket a little bit. It doesn't commit to one diagnosis or the other. So I would favor sep-derm here more so than psoriasis, but it's a little more psoriasiform than usual. These are the clinical photos. You guys all know all about sep-derms.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Psoriasiform hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C3281279', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0036508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psoriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0033860', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_377", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007967", "caption": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_378", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007219", "caption": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'heavily pigmented melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'intersecting vessels', 'combined melanocytic nevus', 'blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "corrected_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped cells. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphologic populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.6858205199241638}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic', 'concept_id': 'C0011305', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.9035798907279968}, {'entity': 'fusiform-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.6468937397003174}], [{'entity': 'Arranged', 'concept_id': 'C1546854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'short', 'concept_id': 'C1282927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intersecting vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7007781863212585}], [{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_379", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007264", "caption": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.']", "noisy_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "corrected_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'active', 'concept_id': 'C0205177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_380", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006043", "caption": "The morphology of the aggregations suggests intravascular epithelial metastasis, which could be from a metastatic salivary gland cancer or a squamous cancer like salivary duct cancer.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9a080b83-e0b9-4e50-b86b-6ea9616c4c43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['intravascular epithelial metastasis', 'intravascular epithelial metastasis']", "noisy_text": " the cells you saw there? Probably not. Now, we probably would have just called it intravascular metastasis. I don't think I would have suggested lymphoma just because of the morphology of these aggregations here. That looks more epithelial to me, but no, you'd want to get history. This could be maybe a metastatic salivary gland cancer or even possibly the weird squamous cancer, salivary duct cancer. So all you can say is it looks like an intravascular epithelial metastasis and probably wouldn't really go much further there unless you had a history of it. So, yeah, no, we don't branch out on the limb and just say, ah, it's obviously metastatic breast cancer or something like this. That wouldn't be appropriate. Do you usually, like, do a panel of stains on it if you got something like this just to see if there's, like, any info you can give them or no? The first", "corrected_text": " the cells you saw there? Probably not. Now, we probably would have just called it intravascular metastasis. I don't think I would have suggested lymphoma just because of the morphology of these aggregations here. That looks more epithelial to me, but no, you'd want to get history. This could be maybe a metastatic salivary gland cancer or even possibly the weird squamous cancer, salivary duct cancer. So all you can say is it looks like an intravascular epithelial metastasis and probably wouldn't really go much further there unless you had a history of it. So, yeah, no, we don't branch out on the limb and just say, ah, it's obviously metastatic breast cancer or something like this. That wouldn't be appropriate. Do you usually, like, do a panel of stains on it if you got something like this just to see if there's, like, any info you can give them or no? The first", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'aggregations', 'concept_id': 'C0332621', 'confidence': 0.9210782051086426}, {'entity': 'intravascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442123', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastatic salivary gland cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0278992', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 0.9055708050727844}, {'entity': 'salivary duct cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0282582', 'confidence': 0.8532246351242065}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_381", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006637", "caption": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c41b7d98-fbc3-4d8e-b5e7-b34a367c9792.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.']", "noisy_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxo. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "corrected_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxoid. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathology', 'concept_id': 'C0243140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.9253939986228943}], [{'entity': 'Fibro', 'concept_id': 'C0016053', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bluish pale part', 'concept_id': 'C0392768', 'confidence': 0.6970505118370056}], [{'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_382", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004481", "caption": "Increased reticuline in gastric mucosa is observed.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4a7224df-be04-4c7f-95eb-7144de15a124.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibrosis in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see a lot of macrophages with the pink stuff. This is a AFB strain. Whenever you see a lot of pink stuff in the lamina propria within the macrophages, think of mycobacterium, AVM, intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticuline strain, you have", "corrected_text": " Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see a lot of macrophages with the pink stuff. This is a AFB strain. Whenever you see a lot of pink stuff in the lamina propria within the macrophages, think of mycobacterium, AVM, intracellular. Then now, we have to assess the fibrosis in the lamina propria. Again, fibrosis is one of the chronicity criteria. This is normal glands, whereas here, gastric mucosa is the increased reticuline rich. Another thing you have to remember, reticulin stain, you have", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'endothelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'macrophages', 'concept_id': 'C0024432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink stuff', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 0.5879191756248474}, {'entity': 'AFB', 'concept_id': 'C0483226', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycobacterium infection', 'concept_id': 'C0026918', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Assessment', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reticuline', 'concept_id': 'C0073098', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_383", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007441", "caption": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_384", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004598", "caption": "Presence of fat microcysts and membranous lipodystrophy.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35209858-1960-43a4-b29d-6d19d87470a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['septal panniculitis', 'lobular panniculitis', 'distortion of architecture', 'fat microcysts', 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'septal panniculitis', 'lobular panniculitis', 'distortion of architecture', 'fat microcysts', 'membranous lipodystrophy']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a rip-roaring paniculitis here. We have a lobular paniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the", "corrected_text": " inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a septal panniculitis here. We have a lobular panniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this membranous lipodystrophy, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Septal', 'concept_id': 'C0442004', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lobular panniculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}, {'entity': 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_385", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008086", "caption": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_386", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006850", "caption": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_387", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005753", "caption": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane']", "noisy_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "corrected_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'segment', 'concept_id': 'C0441635', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'right', 'concept_id': 'C0205090', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_388", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008389", "caption": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e75718bc-5992-42ab-896c-edfd5f287d36.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized test tubes in a rack kind of architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "corrected_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized tubular architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0010843', 'confidence': 0.7890887260437012}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tubular', 'concept_id': 'C0151747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_389", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005426", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7b67ec48-61e0-473a-93a7-4bd6a284a4cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['positive lymph node', 'intraductal carcinoma', 'invasive cancer', 'prognosis is poor', 'positive lymph node', 'intraductal carcinoma', 'invasive cancer', 'prognosis is poor']", "noisy_text": " there's actually a positive lymph node right there, see? So you can see there's no introductal carcinoma here, because it's impossible for an introductal process to metastasize. So the point I'm trying to make is introductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door that does all those bad things. So that's the message I'm trying to pass across. So this is a very good example of introductal carcinoma of the prostate with associated high-grade, high-volume invasive cancer. So the prognosis is not good. And it's very, very important to document this. So on the nidocore biopsy, it's very important to document this.", "corrected_text": " there's actually a positive lymph node right there, see? So you can see there's no intraductal carcinoma here, because it's impossible for an intracanalicular process to metastasize. So the point I'm trying to make is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door that does all those bad things. So that's the message I'm trying to pass across. So this is a very good example of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with associated high-grade, high-volume invasive cancer. So the prognosis is not good. And it's very, very important to document this. So on the needle core biopsy, it's very important to document this.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Positive lymph node', 'concept_id': 'C0746319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-volume', 'concept_id': 'C3494218', 'confidence': 0.8583465814590454}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}], [{'entity': 'Prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poor', 'concept_id': 'C0032854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'document', 'concept_id': 'C1301746', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'needle core biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C1289798', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_390", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007432", "caption": "Presence of eosinophils and intracryptal eosinophilic microapses in patients receiving radiation.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "corrected_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracryptal', 'concept_id': 'C3315370', 'confidence': 0.626490592956543}, {'entity': 'microapses', 'concept_id': 'C0700712', 'confidence': 0.5626617074012756}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0230649', 'confidence': 0.8670988082885742}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degenerating', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C0042219', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_391", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005932", "caption": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_392", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005779", "caption": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_393", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007265", "caption": "Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.']", "noisy_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "corrected_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'active', 'concept_id': 'C0205177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_394", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006646", "caption": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_72a31838-8594-4098-a6f2-28f55656f2df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['distortion associated with a huge lymphoid aggregate', 'prominent lymphoid aggregates', 'pannate cell metaplasia', 'distortion associated with a huge lymphoid aggregate']", "noisy_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "corrected_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pannate cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.5671628713607788}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregate', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_395", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006547", "caption": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_396", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007587", "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed.", "image_path": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_043c7623-105d-45ac-98f1-f39475e0b124.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Foreign body giant cells seen around some foreign material', 'Brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin', 'Brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin']", "noisy_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "corrected_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multinucleated giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'foreign body giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017527', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foreign material', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'phagocytosed', 'concept_id': 'C0031308', 'confidence': 0.920818030834198}, {'entity': 'destroyed', 'concept_id': 'C3830528', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_397", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008648", "caption": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes', 'Presence of several melanocytes', 'forming nests', 'confluence solitary units', 'matrix epithelium', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'pagetoid pattern', 'too many melanocytes', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_398", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004931", "caption": "Fibrosis and sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['large fat microcysts', 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'fibrosis', 'lipophages', 'plasma cells', 'lipophages']", "noisy_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are virtually pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "corrected_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}, {'entity': 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pathognomonic findings', 'concept_id': 'C2986472', 'confidence': 0.7794376611709595}, {'entity': 'lipodermatosclerosis', 'concept_id': 'C0406500', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_399", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007049", "caption": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1a8c9f50-8a25-4a40-b18a-8db78ba0d8c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibroblastic looking cells']", "noisy_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytologically. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "corrected_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytology. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign-looking tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0086692', 'confidence': 0.5747699737548828}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 0.8876925110816956}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_400", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006118", "caption": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle', 'skeletal muscle', 'spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms', 'atypical fibroxanthoma', 'neural tumors']", "noisy_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibrous anthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "corrected_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibroxanthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth', 'concept_id': 'C0205357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skeletal muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0242692', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatology', 'concept_id': 'C0011627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.8066584467887878}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neural tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 0.849646270275116}], [{'entity': 'Atypical fibroxanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596981', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_401", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004644", "caption": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria', 'muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_402", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005827", "caption": "Large histiocytes containing lipid, some of which are multinucleated and ringed siderophages.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_403", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005209", "caption": "Infected histiocytes are present.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'organisms', 'infected histiocytes', 'large histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "corrected_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_404", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009174", "caption": "The hamartoma is located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2668b8db-1ce3-4137-8b32-82b077d5206e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['hamartoma', 'hamartoma']", "noisy_text": " it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then it's got this little primitive follicular element to it. And this is all kind of a little, you know, hammertoma going on at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle. So do you have any idea what this neoplasm is, this little benign hammertoma is here? Honestly, like to name it? No, I", "corrected_text": " it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then it's got this little primitive follicular element to it. And this is all kind of a little, you know, hamartoma going on at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle. So do you have any idea what this neoplasm is, this little benign hamartoma is here? Honestly, like to name it? No, I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'level', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_405", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009247", "caption": "Single layer of cells with mucin present, stratification and loss of mucin seen in another area.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stratification and loss of mucin seen in one area.', 'Stratification and loss of mucin seen in one area.']", "noisy_text": " Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here, stratification has started, loss of mucin. So stratification, loss of mucin. And when you go to high power, you can see lot of apoptosis and lot of mitosis. So this is a diagnostic criteria for dysplasia. Stratification, loss of mucin. See the amount of goblet cells, mucin. You see the amount of goblet cells. This loss of mucin or less of mucin. Again, another normal epithelium. So this is the area, pyramidal area, that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there", "corrected_text": " Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here, stratification has started, loss of mucin. So stratification, loss of mucin. And when you go to high power, you can see lot of apoptosis and lot of mitosis. So this is a diagnostic criteria for dysplasia. Stratification, loss of mucin. See the amount of goblet cells, mucin. You see the amount of goblet cells. This loss of mucin or less of mucin. Again, another normal epithelium. So this is the area, pyramidal area, that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Single layer of', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 0.6987537741661072}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnostic criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0679228', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}], [{'entity': 'Pyramidal area', 'concept_id': 'C2323328', 'confidence': 0.8333803415298462}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_406", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006848", "caption": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_407", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006368", "caption": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_408", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006397", "caption": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1140d29b-7b6c-44f2-84a9-7cac8ab86b82.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_409", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005324", "caption": "Translocation-associated sarcomas have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell, making them look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7bbe5025-c6e6-4283-8f18-418d3f16e50e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cytologic feature of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Fibrous area with delicate collagen in the background', 'Bland spindle cells']", "noisy_text": " videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'll talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of in the background, little tiny bit of myxoid stuff, bland spindle cells. Let's move", "corrected_text": " videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of in the background, little tiny bit of myxoid stuff, bland spindle cells. Let's move", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Translocation-associated sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0084548', 'confidence': 0.724479079246521}, {'entity': 'molecular abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C0262496', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'single cell', 'concept_id': 'C0037179', 'confidence': 0.8127751350402832}, {'entity': 'monotonous', 'concept_id': 'C1462306', 'confidence': 0.8221240043640137}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic', 'concept_id': 'C1514164', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_410", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008434", "caption": "Radiation treatment can wipe out tumors, leaving only sclerotic collagen, vascular branching, and mature adipocytes with occasional lipoblasts and myxoid change.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branchy stuff and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "corrected_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branching and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Radiation treatment', 'concept_id': 'C1522449', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vascular branching', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7225151658058167}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipoblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225323', 'confidence': 0.8551441431045532}, {'entity': 'myxoid change', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.815497636795044}], [{'entity': 'Needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pre-treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0419819', 'confidence': 0.7933163046836853}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade round cell', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.7649602890014648}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lungs', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_411", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007064", "caption": "The band of inflammatory cells and capillaries is thick and irregular, with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2ace38fc-f658-4737-9ada-dd62d9eb8ba1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium', 'gland dropout', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'plasma cells', 'lymphocytes', 'eosinophils', 'capillaries', 'epithelium']", "noisy_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "corrected_text": " you know, gland dropout here and there, but that's okay. What else? Yeah. So expansion of the lamina appropriate by inflammatory cells that includes plasma cells, lymphocytes, and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'expansion', 'concept_id': 'C0007595', 'confidence': 0.8664658665657043}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_412", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005698", "caption": "Identification of normal lung tissue with evidence of collapse or atelectasis in one area.", "image_path": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_7e91bddf-6e1b-4072-b47f-7ef2e757e1f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "roi_text": "['Evidence of collapse or atelectasis in one area', 'Changes around a bronchial unit.']", "noisy_text": " normal lung tissue as I peruse around, and I'm going to show you some of the findings. Now, some of it, like you see in this area right here, there is some evidence of collapse or atelectasis, but I want to kind of peruse around first on low power to give you the picture, just stop, now there are some changes around that bronchial unit there that I'm going to highlight as I go around, continue to go around, but I'm going to go on a higher power view to show you some of the changes that I want to highlight in this image here, but we're", "corrected_text": " normal lung tissue as I peruse around, and I'm going to show you some of the findings. Now, some of it, like you see in this area right here, there is some evidence of collapse or atelectasis, but I want to kind of peruse around first on low power to give you the picture, just stop, now there are some changes around that bronchial unit there that I'm going to highlight as I go around, continue to go around, but I'm going to go on a higher power view to show you some of the changes that I want to highlight in this image here, but we're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lung tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0819757', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collapse', 'concept_id': 'C0036974', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atelectasis', 'concept_id': 'C0004144', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bronchial unit', 'concept_id': 'C0205039', 'confidence': 0.8046900629997253}, {'entity': 'power view', 'concept_id': 'C0449911', 'confidence': 0.7891554832458496}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "608.0", "id": "test_413", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007866", "caption": "Presence of spongiosis in the epidermis and neutrophils in a follicular pustule.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dac8cd1f-76b2-4bff-aff3-a082c55d0e92.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['spongiosis', 'follicular pustule', 'neutrophils', 'granulomatous process', 'spongiosis', 'spongiosis', 'follicular pustule', 'neutrophils', 'granulomatous process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, it looks like there's more spongiosis in the epidermis. Like there's... I don't know if this is like a pastoral... What's this thing? A hair follicle, or where you might... Yeah, it's a hair follicle. That's probably also a hair follicle. It's probably just off to the side of it a little bit. And so what have we got here? It looks like a lot of neutrophils. Yeah, you got a follicular pustule. So we've got a pustule, follicular pustule, and we've got a granulomatous process here. Do those kind of fit together? Yeah, that made me think of... And I also thought... I saw some eosinophils too, not here, maybe... Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh,", "corrected_text": " Yeah, it looks like there's more spongiosis in the epidermis. Like there's... I don't know if this is like a pastoral... What's this thing? A hair follicle, or where you might... Yeah, it's a hair follicle. That's probably also a hair follicle. It's probably just off to the side of it a little bit. And so what have we got here? It looks like a lot of neutrophils. Yeah, you got a follicular pustule. So we've got a pustule, follicular pustule, and we've got a granulomatous process here. Do those kind of fit together? Yeah, that made me think of... And I also thought... I saw some eosinophils too, not here, maybe... Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicular pustule', 'concept_id': 'C0016436', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomatous process', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8522219657897949}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_414", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008302", "caption": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_415", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007092", "caption": "Maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, and no prominent nuclei are criteria for low grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_40c0cfb7-5819-4248-b6e8-43ea19f9d42c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells', 'cells touching the top', 'maintained polarity', 'nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells', 'prominent nuclei', 'cells touching the top', 'nuclei running in different directions', 'maintained polarity', 'nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells', 'prominent nuclei', 'cells touching the top', 'nuclei running in different directions']", "noisy_text": " is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, no prominent nuclei, cribriformic or micropapillary. This is the criteria for low grade dysplasia. Compare it with here. Here the cells are coming and touching the top. Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of", "corrected_text": " is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, no prominent nuclei, cribriform or micropapillary. This is the criteria for low grade dysplasia. Compare it with here. Here the cells are coming and touching the top. Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Maintained', 'concept_id': 'C1314677', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'top', 'concept_id': 'C1420726', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'directions', 'concept_id': 'C0439755', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_416", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004932", "caption": "Pathognomonic findings for lipodermatosclerosis.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['large fat microcysts', 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'fibrosis', 'lipophages', 'plasma cells', 'lipophages']", "noisy_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are virtually pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "corrected_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}, {'entity': 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pathognomonic findings', 'concept_id': 'C2986472', 'confidence': 0.7794376611709595}, {'entity': 'lipodermatosclerosis', 'concept_id': 'C0406500', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_417", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004748", "caption": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.', 'Gastroesophageal junction with irregularly sized and shaped glands and variation in distribution.']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "corrected_text": " metaplasia or dysplasia, either low-grade or high-grade. So this is a squamous epithelium. This is a gastric cardiac type of epithelium. So this is a gastroesophageal junction. Here you can see nice bifitting. And see the glands are not uniformly distributed. Variation in size. Some glands are small, some glands are large. And these glands are not branching normally, but you can see a nice bifitting. So these are all features of chronicity. Irregular size, shape, distribution means chronicity. Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric cardiac type', 'concept_id': 'C0524600', 'confidence': 0.7429378628730774}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastroesophageal junction', 'concept_id': 'C0014871', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregularly', 'concept_id': 'C0425589', 'confidence': 0.905201256275177}, {'entity': 'sized', 'concept_id': 'C0600244', 'confidence': 0.8308623433113098}, {'entity': 'shaped glands', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 0.7275685667991638}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Importance', 'concept_id': 'C4086513', 'confidence': 0.96006178855896}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_418", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009324", "caption": "Possible low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on fibrous and myxoid features with cellular and less cellular areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c54801e8-0700-41d9-ae67-c9e5f371599b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " here that is to me the low power clue, the red flag that says wait, could I be dealing with a low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma? Fibrous pink stuff mingled with pale blue myxoid stuff and more cellular areas like this intermingled with less cellular areas. Those features right there always make me think I have to exclude low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with some practice and hopefully after this video, you'll have seen enough cases that you can start to recognize there are some very distinct features I think that at higher power that are kind", "corrected_text": " here that is to me the low power clue, the red flag that says wait, could I be dealing with a low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma? Fibrous pink stuff mingled with pale blue myxoid stuff and more cellular areas like this intermingled with less cellular areas. Those features right there always make me think I have to exclude low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with some practice and hopefully after this video, you'll have seen enough cases that you can start to recognize there are some very distinct features I think that at higher power that are kind", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_419", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007337", "caption": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_875f7281-a2ed-4bbb-9162-9b43f78f36bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['neutrophils and lymphocytes', 'neutrophils and lymphocytes', 'plasma cells in the lamina propria', 'histiocytes in the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that all of the cases look the same, but we've learned in the past couple of years that there's a spectrum of histologic changes that can make it really challenging. The good thing about this case is we do have the immuno at Hopkins. Immuno will be negative in the vast majority of these cases, but once in a while you'll catch one positive case. And this is one of those. I", "corrected_text": " neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that all of the cases look the same, but we've learned in the past couple of years that there's a spectrum of histologic changes that can make it really challenging. The good thing about this case is we do have the immuno at Hopkins. Immuno will be negative in the vast majority of these cases, but once in a while you'catch one positive case. And this is one of those. I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'immuno test', 'concept_id': 'C0021061', 'confidence': 0.7767297029495239}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_420", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008767", "caption": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7031ca2a-b0a8-4ed6-b945-acfea1fed920.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Internal elastic lamina in one area', 'Branch of mesenteric artery', 'Branch of mesenteric vein', 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein', 'Internal elastic lamina in one area', 'Branch of mesenteric artery', 'Branch of mesenteric vein', 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein']", "noisy_text": " And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a company called His Master's Voice, which we call HMV before, His Master's Voice. This dog is listening to the master's voice here. And another funny question there, is this dog male or female? Because it is His Master's Voice, it is male. I know it is not pathology, but talking up too", "corrected_text": " And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a company called His Master's Voice, which we call HMV before, His Master's Voice. This dog is listening to the master's voice here. And another funny question there, is this dog male or female? Because it is His Master's Voice, it is male. I know it is not pathology, but talking up too", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'branch', 'concept_id': 'C0205384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'branch', 'concept_id': 'C0205384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_421", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004558", "caption": "Stromal nodule of BPH can be extensive and lead to glands over 100 grams, sometimes even over 200 grams.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f5a5e0b7-dda1-40a2-ab09-a7a76b1e6691.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Stromal nodule of BPH.']", "noisy_text": " Not unusual to find some inflammation. So this is just a stromal nodule of BPH. I've seen cases in which, I've gotten cases over the years where, in a TRP specimen, or even a simple prostatectomy, where some of those cases, you can look at 10 slides with no glands at all, just the stromal component. And sometimes, the consulting pathologists may be very worried that, is this a lyomyoma, or is this a stump, or what exactly is going on? So sometimes, it's important to know that you can have a stromal nodule of BPH that is very extensive, and which obviously lead to glands that are over 100 grams. Some even, I've seen over 200 gram prostates that have extensive stromal proliferation. But one should not confuse that with stump. So I just thought I'll make that point quickly. So that's just a stromal nodule of BPH there. And then, I think I have another one. Right, so this is another one right here, a different case. But same", "corrected_text": " Not unusual to find some inflammation. So this is just a stromal nodule of BPH. I've seen cases in which, I've gotten cases over the years where, in a TRP specimen, or even a simple prostatectomy, where some of those cases, you can look at 10 slides with no glands at all, just the stromal component. And sometimes, the consulting pathologists may be very worried that, is this a leiomyoma, or is this a stump, or what exactly is going on? So sometimes, it's important to know that you can have a stromal nodule of BPH that is very extensive, and which obviously lead to glands that are over 100 grams. Some even, I've seen over 200 gram prostates that have extensive stromal proliferation. But one should not confuse that with stump. So I just thought I'll make that point quickly. So that's just a stromal nodule of BPH there. And then, I think I have another one. Right, so this is another one right here, a different case. But same", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Stromal nodule', 'concept_id': 'C0334485', 'confidence': 0.7674687504768372}, {'entity': 'BPH', 'concept_id': 'C0005001', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extensive', 'concept_id': 'C0205231', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'stromal nodule', 'concept_id': 'C0334485', 'confidence': 0.7674687504768372}, {'entity': 'BPH', 'concept_id': 'C0005001', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stump', 'concept_id': 'C0002690', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_422", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008094", "caption": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_687a667d-4611-4701-80e7-060ba6be0411.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "corrected_text": " we can see that in the central portion of the lesion, we've got a collection of vascular spaces that are quite large or dilated. Many of these are lined by very plump kind of epithelioid or hobnailed endothelial cells, and some of them contain papillary projections that extend into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'collection', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_423", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007770", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_424", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007630", "caption": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cryptitis', 'Crypt abscess', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.']", "noisy_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "corrected_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0014868', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_425", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004310", "caption": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_426", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006122", "caption": "Giant cells are larger and more numerous in another example of this tumor.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells', 'multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells']", "noisy_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "corrected_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant transformation', 'concept_id': 'C0287850', 'confidence': 0.8324378132820129}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deposition', 'concept_id': 'C0333562', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Multilobulated', 'concept_id': 'C4538849', 'confidence': 0.8302288055419922}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dense fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 0.8111783862113953}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'larger', 'concept_id': 'C0549177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_427", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004857", "caption": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_12fbbe53-4b6b-44c3-b6aa-ff4f21a71e8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "corrected_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ectatic vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7720959186553955}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pallor', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_428", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005287", "caption": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process']", "noisy_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "corrected_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of cellular polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of cellular polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary process', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.763504683971405}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_429", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005542", "caption": "Differentiation between mucinous and serous tumors based on the type of cells lining them. Mucinous tumors are lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells, while serous tumors are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells. Mucinous cyst adenomas are characterized by a single lining of columnar cells without invasion or atypia, while mucinous borderline tumors show atypia and stratification but no invasion.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_b289fe3b-bcf1-4b76-bf2c-bb602f02cdad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Tall columnar mucin-filled cells lining mucinous tumors', 'Mucinous cyst adenomas', 'Mucinous borderline ovarian tumors', 'Mucin-filled ovarian gross picture']", "noisy_text": " Number two on the histological finding the cells here these are different from that of the cells of the serous tumors. We said that the serous cells that are cuboidal and they are ciliated cells, ciliated cuboidal type of cells these are lining these line the serous tumors whereas in case of mucinous tumors we see that the cells that are lining the mucinous tumors are tall columnar cells, here you can see tall columnar mucin filled cells. So this is the difference between mucinous and the serous tumors and all other things same that we call these as mucinous cyst adenomas when there is single lining of these columnar cells they line the cystic structures and they do not show invasion, they do not show atypia you will say that this is mucinous cyst adenoma. And you will say the mucinous borderline tumor when these lining cells they show atypia they show stratification yet they do not show invasion. So we call these as mucinous borderline tumors and for see this is the gross picture of mucinous borderline tumors, this is mucin filled ovarian structure of", "corrected_text": " Number two on the histological finding the cells here these are different from that of the cells of the serous tumors. We said that the serous cells that are cuboidal and they are ciliated cells, ciliated cuboidal type of cells these are lining these line the serous tumors whereas in case of mucinous tumors we see that the cells that are lining the mucinous tumors are tall columnar cells, here you can see tall columnar mucin filled cells. So this is the difference between mucinous and the serous tumors and all other things same that we call these as mucinous cyst adenomas when there is single lining of these columnar cells they line the cystic structures and they do not show invasion, they do not show atypia you will say that this is mucinous cyst adenoma. And you will say the mucinous borderline tumor when these lining cells they show atypia they show stratification yet they do not show invasion. So we call these as mucinous borderline tumors and for see this is the gross picture of mucinous borderline tumors, this is mucin filled ovarian structure of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucinous', 'concept_id': 'C1513712', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'serous tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.7801989912986755}, {'entity': 'type of cells lining', 'concept_id': 'C0449475', 'confidence': 0.8227900862693787}, {'entity': 'Mucinous tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1334811', 'confidence': 0.8854840993881226}, {'entity': 'tall', 'concept_id': 'C4021875', 'confidence': 0.7256414890289307}, {'entity': 'serous tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.7801989912986755}, {'entity': 'ciliated cuboidal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0935440', 'confidence': 0.8498250842094421}, {'entity': 'Mucinous cyst adenomas', 'concept_id': 'C0010635', 'confidence': 0.8866450190544128}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lining', 'concept_id': 'C0205132', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'columnar cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225338', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous borderline tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0334365', 'confidence': 0.9327916502952576}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_430", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005724", "caption": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_48a6d84f-804f-417e-8a21-0d4a0136ba79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_431", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005664", "caption": "Pyloric gland metaplasia can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Pyloric gland metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " It's really dramatic, right? And not only that, what else do we have? Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " It's really dramatic, right? And not only that, what else do we have? Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pyloric gland', 'concept_id': 'C0227239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'Mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_432", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005444", "caption": "Myositis ossificans is a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nucleolus', 'myofibroblasts', 'myositis ossificans']", "noisy_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myocytosocificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "corrected_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myositis ossificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'amphiphilic', 'concept_id': 'C0596084', 'confidence': 0.8564908504486084}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Characteristic', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myositis ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0027122', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'USP6', 'concept_id': 'C1175888', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_433", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008435", "caption": "Needle biopsy before excision allows for diagnosis and pre-treatment, but can wipe out original morphology.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branchy stuff and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "corrected_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branching and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Radiation treatment', 'concept_id': 'C1522449', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vascular branching', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7225151658058167}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipoblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225323', 'confidence': 0.8551441431045532}, {'entity': 'myxoid change', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.815497636795044}], [{'entity': 'Needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pre-treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0419819', 'confidence': 0.7933163046836853}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade round cell', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.7649602890014648}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lungs', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_434", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004607", "caption": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_492b4ab0-41c2-412d-bad2-37ad9487aff4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['distortion associated with a huge lymphoid aggregate', 'prominent lymphoid aggregates', 'pannate cell metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "corrected_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pannate cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.5671628713607788}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregate', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_435", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008723", "caption": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['siderophages']", "noisy_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "corrected_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'lumina', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.845600426197052}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': \"patch stage Kaposi's\", 'concept_id': 'C0280201', 'confidence': 0.7629613280296326}], [{'entity': 'HHV8', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_436", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008750", "caption": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_437", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008335", "caption": "A biopsy showed that the lamina propria was not hyalinized, but recent ischemia cannot be excluded.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff', 'lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had Clostridioides difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excluded', 'concept_id': 'C0332196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'C. diff', 'concept_id': 'C0238106', 'confidence': 0.8398770093917847}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'architectural changes', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.7067119479179382}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_438", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006860", "caption": "The presence of lymphoid aggregates suggests diversion colitis, even if the patient does not have a Hartman\u2019s pouch.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Architectural distortion', 'Prominent lymphoid aggregates', 'Paneth cell metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates and pan-at-cell metaplasia, C-note in the absence of any history, the differential diagnosis includes, you know, inflammatory bowel disease, com parenthesis quiescent, comma. I mean, because of the lymphoid aggregates, I would think about diversion colitis, knowing that this is from the rectum, even if I don't know that the patient has a Hartman's pouch. I would say infection is unlikely and medication probably unlikely. And for the first case, let's, sometimes we get the condition that give you just random colon and not have this. Just on the one, just on the one biopsy. Yeah. And then", "corrected_text": " architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates and paneth cell metaplasia, note in the absence of any history, the differential diagnosis includes, you know, inflammatory bowel disease, com parenthesis quiescent, comma. I mean, because of the lymphoid aggregates, I would think about diversion colitis, knowing that this is from the rectum, even if I don't know that the patient has a Hartman's pouch. I would say infection is unlikely and medication probably unlikely. And for the first case, let's, sometimes we get the condition that give you just random colon and not have this. Just on the one, just on the one biopsy. Yeah. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Paneth', 'concept_id': 'C0227276', 'confidence': 0.7872004508972168}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diversion colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267532', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infection', 'concept_id': 'C0009450', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'medication', 'concept_id': 'C0013227', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diversion colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267532', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Hartman\u2019s pouch', 'concept_id': 'C0447546', 'confidence': 0.9055206179618835}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_439", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007431", "caption": "Mild degree of architectural distortion is present.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "corrected_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracryptal', 'concept_id': 'C3315370', 'confidence': 0.626490592956543}, {'entity': 'microapses', 'concept_id': 'C0700712', 'confidence': 0.5626617074012756}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0230649', 'confidence': 0.8670988082885742}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degenerating', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C0042219', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_440", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008328", "caption": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils', 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_441", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008138", "caption": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8f9043a7-50a3-4fa1-a6bd-1328b134b4ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Goblet cells in gastric mucosa', 'Peritoneal cells in the body of the stomach', 'Goblet cells in gastric mucosa', 'Peritoneal cells in the body of the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in algean blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is algean blue PAS, intersternal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "corrected_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in Alcian blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is Alcian blue PAS, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visualized', 'concept_id': 'C0234621', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H&E stain', 'concept_id': 'C0523207', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue color', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Alcian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0001933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'color', 'concept_id': 'C0009393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0227208', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_442", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008363", "caption": "There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis', 'columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the pericaratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "corrected_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink parakeratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the parakeratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.8255378603935242}, {'entity': 'papillomatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0205875', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0263641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foam cells', 'concept_id': 'C0016390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_443", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007270", "caption": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ab334dab-d7fe-4b97-96ee-cfba68daa86b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the so-called marquee sign", "corrected_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the socalled marquee sign", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diameter', 'concept_id': 'C1301886', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histoplasmosis', 'concept_id': 'C0019655', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cluster', 'concept_id': 'C1555715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_444", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004500", "caption": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_445", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007020", "caption": "Clinical description of a skin condition with small individual papules that have a central crust, often on perioral skin.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_446", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007571", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']", "noisy_text": " You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "corrected_text": " You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C2265913', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_447", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008343", "caption": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_229ba3dc-e10d-4f65-bd84-2e49b4d79faf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle', 'dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle']", "noisy_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "corrected_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign papule', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7019047737121582}, {'entity': 'dilated blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferating sebaceous lobules', 'concept_id': 'C0221946', 'confidence': 0.7654090523719788}, {'entity': 'components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 0.7906183004379272}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_448", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008934", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_449", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008988", "caption": "Bisected shape biopsy specimen with a dome-shaped papule from an acral site.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_71432987-2a09-4988-8eee-3b9d4ec32094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells']", "noisy_text": " can be quite impressive. Moving on to slide number 6. With slide number 6 we've got a bisected shape biopsy specimen. Now one of the useful clues to the diagnosis in this case is recognizing that we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve", "corrected_text": " can be quite impressive. Moving on to slide number 6. With slide number 6 we've got a bisected shape biopsy specimen. Now one of the useful clues to the diagnosis in this case is recognizing that we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Bisected', 'concept_id': 'C0589437', 'confidence': 0.7404435873031616}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}], [{'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'core', 'concept_id': 'C0444669', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_450", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005506", "caption": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c4c2c977-449a-4e37-906e-581095b3bd08.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocentaurant rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocentaurant is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "corrected_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocyanin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocyanin rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocyanin is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breakdown', 'concept_id': 'C0699900', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'product', 'concept_id': 'C1254351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RBCs', 'concept_id': 'C0014792', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'particles', 'concept_id': 'C0597177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Special stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.7105166912078857}, {'entity': 'Prussian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0060234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Fontana-Masson', 'concept_id': 'C0060631', 'confidence': 0.9090515375137329}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_451", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005295", "caption": "Cutaneous Crohns can have similar clinical presentation to sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Lesions around the A-web, the nose', 'Deeper nodular form of sarcoidosis']", "noisy_text": " So, yeah, there's several other things you can do. We're doing ulcerative colitis with rosacea sometimes. Usually not this intense, but you can see it in rosacea also. So, we'll show the picture of this. So, this is a classic clinical. These are lesions around the A-web, the nose. Beautiful example. The deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type of sarcoid. The guy on the right is going to come over and plaque wipe the area. So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. Caneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. Caneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of real sarcoid. But, obviously,", "corrected_text": " So, yeah, there's several other things you can do. We're doing ulcerative colitis with rosacea sometimes. Usually not this intense, but you can see it in rosacea also. So, we'll show the picture of this. So, this is a classic clinical. These are lesions around the A-web, the nose. Beautiful example. The deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type of sarcoid. The guy on the right is going to come over and plaque wipe the area. So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. cutaneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. cutaneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of sarcoidosis. But, obviously,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ulcerative colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009324', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'A-web', 'concept_id': 'C0282111', 'confidence': 0.5314000844955444}, {'entity': 'nose', 'concept_id': 'C0028429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical manifestations', 'concept_id': 'C4231046', 'confidence': 0.9626281261444092}, {'entity': 'nodular form', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.8008954524993896}, {'entity': 'Dariae ruse type', 'concept_id': 'C0332307', 'confidence': 0.5478090047836304}], [{'entity': 'Cutaneous Crohns', 'concept_id': 'C0221912', 'confidence': 0.5978212356567383}, {'entity': 'clinical presentation', 'concept_id': 'C4554564', 'confidence': 0.8858868479728699}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_452", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008448", "caption": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth', 'Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_453", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008383", "caption": "Secondary tumors can colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate.', 'Possible origin of the carcinoma from the prosthetic urethra or bladder.']", "noisy_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "corrected_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'document', 'concept_id': 'C1301746', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007097', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonize', 'concept_id': 'C3829074', 'confidence': 0.6422675251960754}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'primary', 'concept_id': 'C0205225', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_454", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005560", "caption": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_455", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006715", "caption": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus', 'Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "corrected_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanophages, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Contains', 'concept_id': 'C0332256', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'clonal populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.8110582232475281}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'combinations', 'concept_id': 'C0453882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_456", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005117", "caption": "Neoplastic process is present in the tissue fragments.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['neoplastic process', 'blue tumor', 'nuclei', 'epithelial tumor', 'cribriform pattern']", "noisy_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and", "corrected_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fragments', 'concept_id': 'C0332255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'blue staining', 'concept_id': 'C0025746', 'confidence': 0.7925992608070374}, {'entity': 'hematoxylin staining', 'concept_id': 'C0018964', 'confidence': 0.9091285467147827}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal origin', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 0.8364232778549194}], [{'entity': 'Interconnected', 'concept_id': 'C0683595', 'confidence': 0.8500909209251404}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_457", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005912", "caption": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4157ef08-acc5-47ab-9bf5-08ff4ba36653.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "corrected_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'age', 'concept_id': 'C0001779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dependence', 'concept_id': 'C0011546', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_458", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005194", "caption": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm', 'Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm']", "noisy_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSB, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "corrected_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSP, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Caution', 'concept_id': 'C1882442', 'confidence': 0.7039048671722412}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'recommendation', 'concept_id': 'C0034866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184922', 'confidence': 0.8345454335212708}, {'entity': 'dealing', 'concept_id': 'C0556449', 'confidence': 0.7019717693328857}, {'entity': 'soft tissue neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_459", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008853", "caption": "This is not porokeratosis, as there are no granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_8a7aef14-e5a9-4b2a-aff2-2e10682e9d63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of cornified layer', 'acral area', 'clonal abnormality of the epithelium', 'no granulomatous abnormalities', 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes']", "noisy_text": " It's a small little area, it's almost kind of the negatives of poro, where you get a corneal lamella. Well, this is where you get no corneal lamella. You just get loss of the coronified layer, essentially. It's probably some type of little clonal abnormality of the epithelium. And they just don't make the same amount of stratum corneum that they normally should. It's usually focally like this. It's acral, so it's localized, and that's why it's called acral condition. So, this is a beautiful example of that. And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not", "corrected_text": " It's a small little area, it's almost kind of the negatives of poro, where you get a cornified layer. Well, this is where you get no cornified layer. You just get loss of the cornified layer, essentially. It's probably some type of little clonal abnormality of the epithelium. And they just don't make the same amount of stratum corneum that they normally should. It's usually focally like this. It's acral, so it's localized, and that's why it's acrokeratosis. So, this is a beautiful example of that. And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a cornified layer with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral area', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.7208066582679749}, {'entity': 'clonal abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 0.8401584029197693}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_460", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006347", "caption": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_461", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007414", "caption": "Neutrophils present in acanthotic skin and parakeratotic layer.", "image_path": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_e1e744d0-1856-4a65-822b-b9881906642d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['increased glycogen', 'neutrophils', 'acanthotic skin', 'parakeratosis', 'parakeratotic layer', 'neutrophils']", "noisy_text": " there is sponge users as well as increased glycogen within these cells which contributes to the clear cell or pale look. And the increased glycogen we can appreciate them if we do a PA stain. Again this we can see the neutrophils are here. So there will be neutrophils in the akathotic skin. Then what is there? This is the parakeratosis. And this is not just parakeratosis. We can see that there is neutrophils in this parakeratotic layer. So there is parakeratosis with neutrophils. There is acanthosis with", "corrected_text": " there is sponge users as well as increased glycogen within these cells which contributes to the clear cell or pale look. And the increased glycogen we can appreciate them if we do a PA stain. Again this we can see the neutrophils are here. So there will be neutrophils in the acanthotic skin. Then what is there? This is the parakeratosis. And this is not just parakeratosis. We can see that there is neutrophils in this parakeratotic layer. So there is parakeratosis with neutrophils. There is acanthosis with", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glycogen', 'concept_id': 'C0017911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sponge users', 'concept_id': 'C1706077', 'confidence': 0.7141918540000916}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acanthotic skin', 'concept_id': 'C0333991', 'confidence': 0.8280558586120605}, {'entity': 'parakeratotic layer', 'concept_id': 'C0334064', 'confidence': 0.8241937756538391}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_462", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005517", "caption": "Degeneration of collagen and elastic fibers, with eosinophilic proteins precipitating on the collagen bundles. Clinical presentation of edematous, fixed lesions that can resemble drug reactions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_573ffb23-f4ba-4f8c-ab2c-dbcae2f38110.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Collagen and elastic fibers', 'Eosinophilic proteins precipitating on collagen bundles', 'Clinical photo of edematous lesions', 'Drug reactions that resemble the lesions', 'Tylenol-related lesions called Wells.', 'Collagen and elastic fibers', 'Eosinophilic proteins precipitating on collagen bundles', 'Clinical photo of edematous lesions', 'Drug reactions that resemble the lesions', 'Tylenol-related lesions called Wells.']", "noisy_text": " Collagen, elastic fibers, and they kind of get degenerated, and then those eosinophilic proteins kind of precipitate on the collagen bundles. Normally, eosinophils are thought to be useful for degrading on parasites if you turn it into plane figures. This is just a situation where it's like attacking the normal collagen bundles and elastic fibers. Let's take a look at a clinical photo. Here you see it. They're basically just these edematous, usually relatively fixed lesions. Welles like drug reactions, too, that can look like this sometimes. We saw that a few years ago. They're related to Tylenol, so that's something we can see that on the page. Welles, that's what this was. It's a", "corrected_text": " Collagen, elastic fibers, and they kind of get degenerated, and then those eosinophilic proteins kind of precipitate on the collagen bundles. Normally, eosinophils are thought to be useful for degrading on parasites if you turn it into plane figures. This is just a situation where it's like attacking the normal collagen bundles and elastic fibers. Let's take a look at a clinical photo. Here you see it. They're basically just these edematous, usually relatively fixed lesions. Welles like drug reactions, too, that can look like this sometimes. We saw that a few years ago. They're related to Tylenol, so that's something we can see that on the page. Welles, that's what this was. It's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Degeneration', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'elastic fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0230899', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic proteins', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 0.8475342392921448}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}, {'entity': 'Clinical presentation', 'concept_id': 'C4554564', 'confidence': 0.8858868479728699}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fixed lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0443218', 'confidence': 0.764360249042511}, {'entity': 'drug reactions', 'concept_id': 'C0041755', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_463", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009202", "caption": "Lymphocytes are hyperchromatic and can be used as a reference for comparison.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_3be5b638-4395-4420-999d-4f2722044361.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Vesicular nuclei', 'Lymphocytes', 'Vesicular nuclei', 'Lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these are the nuclei. So if you see here, the nucleus has got a very finely lightly strained chromatin and a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So normally, whenever we see a vesicular nuclei, they're generally accompanied by a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So whenever we are describing a vesicular nuclei, that is, we are saying that the nucleus is lightly strained, we are also saying that the cell is also having a prominent nuclei. And if you compare these cells with few of the lymphocytes here, so lymphocytes are the best cell in reference. And you can always compare the nucleus which you are typing with the lymphocytes in vicinity. And lymphocytes are usually hyperchromatic, that is, they're darkly strained. So as compared to this cell, you see that the nucleus is", "corrected_text": " very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these are the nuclei. So if you see here, the nucleus has got a very finely lightly strained chromatin and a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So normally, whenever we see a vesicular nuclei, they're generally accompanied by a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So whenever we are describing a vesicular nuclei, that is, we are saying that the nucleus is lightly strained, we are also saying that the cell is also having a prominent nuclei. And if you compare these cells with few of the lymphocytes here, so lymphocytes are the best cell in reference. And you can always compare the nucleus which you are typing with the lymphocytes in vicinity. And lymphocytes are usually hyperchromatic, that is, they're darkly strained. So as compared to this cell, you see that the nucleus is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proliferating', 'concept_id': 'C1514485', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 0.7939648628234863}], [{'entity': 'Lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_464", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007318", "caption": "Biopsies from patients with chlamydia and syphilis may show granulation tissue.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f6beef0e-7034-420f-94bb-c988b8bcb03a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Biopsy from the rectum.']", "noisy_text": " And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is really, can be different from case to case. So in this one did not have as much in the way of lamina propria expansion, but it had some architectural distortion here and there, maybe a little bit too cellular for a biopsy from the rectum and maybe a couple of lymphoid aggregates, but very little in the way of active inflammation and maybe, you know, a little bit of granulation tissue. And speaking of granulation tissue, on rare occasions, you'll get biopsies from patients with chlamydia and even syphilis. And all", "corrected_text": " And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is really, can be different from case to case. So in this one did not have as much in the way of lamina propria expansion, but it had some architectural distortion here and there, maybe a little bit too cellular for a biopsy from the rectum and maybe a couple of lymphoid aggregates, but very little in the way of active inflammation and maybe, you know, a little bit of granulation tissue. And speaking of granulation tissue, on rare occasions, you'll get biopsies from patients with chlamydia and even syphilis. And all", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rectum', 'concept_id': 'C0034896', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulation', 'concept_id': 'C0518864', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syphilis', 'concept_id': 'C0039128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulation tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0018180', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_465", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008577", "caption": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bf291346-c4e7-4ac7-8f76-e87f659e4d0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "corrected_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_466", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008341", "caption": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_467", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009167", "caption": "No perineural invasion.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3395cdb9-1f87-47eb-a619-494519571fd3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['calcification']", "noisy_text": " Here's another sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. And notice the stroma here. Can you tell the difference between this stroma and the one we just looked at in the MAC? See how fibrous this stroma is. These are more basophilic cells. There's calcification here. There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichophthelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get neurotropic involvement. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would", "corrected_text": " Here's another sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. And notice the stroma here. Can you tell the difference between this stroma and the one we just looked at in the MAC? See how fibrous this stroma is. These are more basophilic cells. There's calcification here. There may be some little small duct-like structures at the top of the calcification. This is a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. It's different than a MAC. So it's got a different morphology. It's got the calcification and different stroma. These do not get perineural invasion. So, and you know, this is a definitive diagnosis here also. We don't need to stain this or anything. We would", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.8335589170455933}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compared', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'perineural invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1317608', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_468", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005288", "caption": "Presence of crosstalk between stroma process and glands with basal cell hyperplasia in areas", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_018f29b1-c570-497d-9129-98642a46a135.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " That's something very important you want to exclude. But this is not melanoma. The patient did not have a history of melanoma. This does not look like prostate cancer, even though it can have sarcomatoid prostate cancer or prostatic adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features, which I'll share with you shortly. But there are a number of things that need to come into the differential. Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal", "corrected_text": " That's something very important you want to exclude. But this is not melanoma. The patient did not have a history of melanoma. This does not look like prostate cancer, even though it can have sarcomatoid prostate cancer or prostatic adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features, which I'share with you shortly. But there are a number of things that need to come into the differential. Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Exclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0680251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcomatoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205697', 'confidence': 0.8252997994422913}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crosstalk', 'concept_id': 'C0010357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_469", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009197", "caption": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_470", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006849", "caption": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_471", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004517", "caption": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e36ae543-beb6-4d14-b8f4-ce18475d9a62.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_472", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004604", "caption": "Septal and lobular panniculitis are present with distortion of the fat architecture.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes', 'Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes']", "noisy_text": " injurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a rip-roaring paniculitis here. We have a lobular paniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "corrected_text": " indurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a lobular panniculitis here. We have a lobular panniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'indurated', 'concept_id': 'C0702114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'yellow periphery', 'concept_id': 'C0221205', 'confidence': 0.7174375653266907}, {'entity': 'red center light', 'concept_id': 'C0563227', 'confidence': 0.7959515452384949}], [{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular angioplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.6163609623908997}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Septal', 'concept_id': 'C0442004', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lobular panniculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.88345867395401}], [{'entity': 'stasis-related vascular change', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.522698700428009}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_473", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008895", "caption": "The spindle cells are thin and bland, and can appear oval or round depending on the angle of sectioning.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fine delicate thread-like collagen', 'spindle cells', 'perineurioma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'whirled or swirled areas']", "noisy_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "corrected_text": " look at that very fine delicate thread-like collagen in the background, the spindle cells are very thin and bland and sometimes if you depending on which way the cells are kind of sectioned, they can look a little more oval or even round and I think this is similar that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'background', 'concept_id': 'C1706907', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'delicate', 'concept_id': 'C0241181', 'confidence': 0.7745490074157715}, {'entity': 'thread-like collagen', 'concept_id': 'C1979891', 'confidence': 0.845443606376648}], [{'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'oval', 'concept_id': 'C1709367', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'angle of sectioning', 'concept_id': 'C0700320', 'confidence': 0.7131970524787903}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mimics', 'concept_id': 'C0393040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_474", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004334", "caption": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_84ca4e8c-0f3e-4aeb-92b9-cf2ef6a76171.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acidic intestinal mucin taking Asian blue color', 'colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.', 'acidic intestinal mucin taking Asian blue color', 'colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.', 'acidic intestinal mucin taking Asian blue color', 'colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.']", "noisy_text": " the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the gastric mucin is taking the neutral mucin, pink color, PAS. Asian blue stains the acidic intestinal mucin into blue. That is very essential to remember. Here, what is happening? This is a colonic biopsy. You see the normal epithelium, single strand, single epithelium, lot of mucin. Looks normal now, normal. When you travel all along, what's happening here? You see the difference between this and this. Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the gastric mucin is taking the neutral mucin, pink color, PAS. Asian blue stains the acidic intestinal mucin into blue. That is very essential to remember. Here, what is happening? This is a colonic biopsy. You see the normal epithelium, single strand, single epithelium, lot of mucin. Looks normal now, normal. When you travel all along, what's happening here? You see the difference between this and this. Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acidic', 'concept_id': 'C0001128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0017135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Asian blue', 'concept_id': 'C1197245', 'confidence': 0.8144476413726807}, {'entity': 'pink color', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Colonic biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0192867', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_475", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008798", "caption": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8bf80de-fda4-4f96-afa6-e8678c34a8dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'centrally placed nucleus']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_476", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006809", "caption": "Description of fibromyxoid stroma and diffuse dissection throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1054f018-0d38-4844-880a-e5d06f34a657.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis', 'Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even like a serendoma. A serendoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire serendoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the serendoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromucinous. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "corrected_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricholemmoma or even like a syringoma. A syringoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire syringoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the syringoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromyxoid. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.8987292051315308}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse dissection', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.7718934416770935}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_477", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006203", "caption": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3fe06ba9-e820-454a-b109-7db48ba3427e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Urethritis cystica et glandularis', 'Goblet cell formation']", "noisy_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urethelium involved by this misnose adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the subepithelial connective tissue. It's beginning", "corrected_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urothelium involved by this mucinous adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the lamina propria. It's beginning", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0041967', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'urethritis cystica', 'concept_id': 'C3272656', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'glandularis', 'concept_id': 'C1231964', 'confidence': 0.8643958568572998}, {'entity': 'dissecting pools', 'concept_id': 'C0205239', 'confidence': 0.6663767695426941}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Goblet', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.8473865389823914}, {'entity': 'cell formation', 'concept_id': 'C2936218', 'confidence': 0.9225678443908691}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stages', 'concept_id': 'C1306673', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_478", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006196", "caption": "There is loss of the cornified layer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer', 'loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_479", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005322", "caption": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "corrected_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep shaves', 'concept_id': 'C0518505', 'confidence': 0.7456271648406982}, {'entity': 'excisional/incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184921', 'confidence': 0.7826999425888062}], [{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'bread', 'concept_id': 'C0006138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histological examination', 'concept_id': 'C0019637', 'confidence': 0.9535407423973083}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_480", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005033", "caption": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_481", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006802", "caption": "Description of a cocktail of markers used for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate diagnosis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_482", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007946", "caption": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_483", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007631", "caption": "The observed cryptitis and crypt abscess suggest inflammation in the area.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cryptitis', 'Crypt abscess', 'Variation in gland size, shape, and distribution.']", "noisy_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "corrected_text": " Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0014868', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_484", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005806", "caption": "Neurofibromas may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that is seen around smaller vessels.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_15576c1f-b05a-4451-b3cb-d77bb99212fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " a tiger stripe or palisade looking pattern particularly when you have it on the condenser flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma", "corrected_text": " a tiger stripe or palisade looking pattern particularly when you have it on the condenser flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Neurofibromas', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tiger stripe', 'concept_id': 'C0325115', 'confidence': 0.6842453479766846}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neurofibromas', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_485", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007251", "caption": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bdc636a4-5955-45d6-9463-7f5bb403406a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_486", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004548", "caption": "There is loss of the cornified layer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_487", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004576", "caption": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cae41cbd-290a-4198-9071-bd865fd42899.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle', 'dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle']", "noisy_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "corrected_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign papule', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7019047737121582}, {'entity': 'dilated blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferating sebaceous lobules', 'concept_id': 'C0221946', 'confidence': 0.7654090523719788}, {'entity': 'components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 0.7906183004379272}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_488", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006604", "caption": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_6188c669-9bfe-474b-a77d-2f7eb9650e23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers', 'Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers', 'Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers']", "noisy_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "corrected_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_489", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004572", "caption": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_490", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006222", "caption": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_491", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009163", "caption": "Squamous morphology is often seen in MAC.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b1297ed1-a8ed-4620-b33e-62d5b1a42cca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " it'd be very difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. If you just had this, you're sort of SOL. That's why you got to take a deeper biopsy for MAC because that diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement. And you've got to see this kind of pattern to make a definitive diagnosis. So we all have shave biopsies of these. We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even", "corrected_text": " it'd be very difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. If you just had this, you're sort of SOL. That's why you got to take a deeper biopsy for MAC because that diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement. And you've got to see this kind of pattern to make a definitive diagnosis. So we all have shave biopsies of these. We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic trichilemmoma or even", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0555191', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682547', 'confidence': 0.8770456314086914}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cells', 'concept_id': 'C0221910', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_492", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006925", "caption": "The tumor is identified as serous cyst adenocarcinoma due to the characteristic features of atypia, infiltration, and malignant behavior.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['atypia', 'infiltrated the underlying stroma', 'solid looking tumor', 'lining epithelial cells', 'infiltrative pattern', 'malignant tumor', 'invasive pattern', 'calcified body', 'rounded calcified bodies', 'papillary configuration', 'papillary structures', 'psammoma bodies']", "noisy_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, pepillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is pepillary. So most of these tumors they show pepillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the pepillary configuration and that pepillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst pepillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of somoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the somoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the pepillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "corrected_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, papillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is papillary. So most of these tumors they show papillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the papillary configuration and that papillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst papillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of psammoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the psammoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltrative', 'concept_id': 'C4527217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid', 'concept_id': 'C0205208', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary structures', 'concept_id': 'C0030352', 'confidence': 0.7890171408653259}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltration', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 0.7649628520011902}], [{'entity': 'Papillary configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1276436', 'confidence': 0.9154161214828491}, {'entity': 'presentation', 'concept_id': 'C0449450', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}], [{'entity': 'Serous cyst papillary carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3839184', 'confidence': 0.9130419492721558}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psammoma bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0391863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'calcified rounded bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0175895', 'confidence': 0.645065188407898}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_493", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007835", "caption": "Fibroblasts are responsible for producing the protein fibers in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_3d5ac809-c102-4ef5-80a0-7c8c842587f1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['Fibrocartilage in the knee']", "noisy_text": " of cartilage that we have in our knee, strong fibrocardilage, fibrocardilage, we have once again, this is a realer connective tissue, the pick up sticks pattern, what type of protein fiber is this? The skinny one, this hair like one, looks like this skinny hair like protein fibers, that's elastic protein fibers, the thick pink ones are collagen protein fibers. There are reticular protein fibers in here, but you cannot see them because you need a special stain, but a realer connective tissue has all three protein fibers in equal numbers, remember they're made by, what kind of cell? Fibroblasts, this is loose connective tissue proper, yes, and then we have this guy, this is once again dense regular, the collagen protein fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion, this is", "corrected_text": " of cartilage that we have in our knee, strong fibrocartilage, fibrocartilage, we have once again, this is a realer connective tissue, the pick up sticks pattern, what type of protein fiber is this? The skinny one, this hair like one, looks like this skinny hair like protein fibers, that's elastic protein fibers, the thick pink ones are collagen protein fibers. There are reticular protein fibers in here, but you cannot see them because you need a special stain, but a realer connective tissue has all three protein fibers in equal numbers, remember they're made by, what kind of cell? Fibroblasts, this is loose connective tissue proper, yes, and then we have this guy, this is once again dense regular, the collagen protein fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion, this is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'knee', 'concept_id': 'C0022742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrocartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0684077', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pick-up sticks pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0581683', 'confidence': 0.6339322328567505}, {'entity': 'elastic', 'concept_id': 'C0681018', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0225325', 'confidence': 0.8096007108688354}], [{'entity': 'Fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_494", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008900", "caption": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_a313915e-be10-4a8c-aad9-4213e6f88f34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_495", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007540", "caption": "Identification of small cell carcinoma with necrosis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_27eb32f0-f4c5-433c-a8c2-0391c7ec9b53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Adjacent high-grade prostate cancer', 'Small cell carcinoma with necrosis', 'Urethral carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " If you look very carefully, you can see this adjacent high-grade prostate cancer next door, which basically undergoes de-differentiation, just like you can have with urethral carcinoma. When you have a high-grade urethral carcinoma de-differentiated into small cell, you can have the same thing occurring in the prostate. So it's very important to recognize this. So this is small cell carcinoma. I can appreciate the amount of necrosis. It looks identical to what you see in the lung. Our lung pathology colleagues who are watching this would appreciate that. This", "corrected_text": " If you look very carefully, you can see this adjacent high-grade prostate cancer next door, which basically undergoes dedifferentiation, just like you can have with urethral carcinoma. When you have a high-grade urethral carcinoma de-differentiated into small cell, you can have the same thing occurring in the prostate. So it's very important to recognize this. So this is small cell carcinoma. I can appreciate the amount of necrosis. It looks identical to what you see in the lung. Our lung pathology colleagues who are watching this would appreciate that. This", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dedifferentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0002793', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'similarity', 'concept_id': 'C2348205', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'urethral carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0700101', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_496", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006182", "caption": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Back-to-back glands', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_497", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006664", "caption": "The stain for CMV was positive, despite the absence of cytomegalic cells.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " it just didn't make sense for a patient with IBD to have this many just apoptotic micro abscesses. And I thought, well, maybe this is CMV, but I don't see the viral cytopathic changes. But lo and behold, the stain was positive. And then I went back. I went back and said, oh, yeah, there they are there. And there's a there's a more better one. Hold on. Right there, right there. And that's the one that actually lit up on the stain. Yeah, but really what took me off was the apoptosis. I didn't pick up on the on the viral cytopathic changes. Typically,", "corrected_text": " it just didn't make sense for a patient with IBD to have this many just apoptotic bodies. And I thought, well, maybe this is CMV, but I don't see the viral cytopathic changes. But lo and behold, the stain was positive. And then I went back. I went back and said, oh, yeah, there they are there. And there's a there's a more better one. Hold on. Right there, right there. And that's the one that actually lit up on the stain. Yeah, but really what took me off was the apoptosis. I didn't pick up on the on the viral cytopathic changes. Typically,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptotic bodies', 'concept_id': 'C3269134', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytomegalic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0391864', 'confidence': 0.864702582359314}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'virus', 'concept_id': 'C0042776', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_498", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006650", "caption": "Racemase is predominantly negative in prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63', 'nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63']", "noisy_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "corrected_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'positive stain', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 0.8016907572746277}, {'entity': 'nuclear stain', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.8163275122642517}, {'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'internal control glands', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.7678565979003906}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_499", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009363", "caption": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the ankle of legs and is also known as ankle type DF.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_98207f81-8fee-42a2-9952-21a4f716c4ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['cellular DF with lipid accumulation', 'ankle', 'lesion extending into depth', 'DFSP']", "noisy_text": " This one is a nice example of like a cellular DF with lipidization. What part of the body are these most commonly located on? Legs? Yeah, the ankle. In fact, they used to be called the ankle type DF. People still call it that because that's their common location. I don't know why it always occurs in that location, but that's a very common site where you see these. Sometimes they can be several centimeters. If they're really big, they're still benign. Rarely there's been a case of corks and Fletcher who reports everything that can possibly happen that they need to spread to localized nodes. But anyway, this is just a variant of dermatofibromas. I'm glad you guys were able to pick that up. When you see such a big lesion extending that much into the depth, how do you know that this is not a DFSP? Well, it's", "corrected_text": " This one is a nice example of like a cellular DF with lipidization. What part of the body are these most commonly located on? Legs? Yeah, the ankle. In fact, they used to be called the ankle type DF. People still call it that because that's their common location. I don't know why it always occurs in that location, but that's a very common site where you see these. Sometimes they can be several centimeters. If they're really big, they're still benign. Rarely there's been a case of corks and Fletcher who reports everything that can possibly happen that they need to spread to localized nodes. But anyway, this is just a variant of dermatofibromas. I'm glad you guys were able to pick that up. When you see such a big lesion extending that much into the depth, how do you know that this is not a DFSP? Well, it's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Cellular DF', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7029635906219482}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ankle of legs', 'concept_id': 'C1140621', 'confidence': 0.7117602825164795}, {'entity': 'ankle type DF', 'concept_id': 'C0003086', 'confidence': 0.600553572177887}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_500", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005738", "caption": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c0024947-4633-4063-90fe-e681cac5115a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so in-depth because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "corrected_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so detailed because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Uniform cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.6272867321968079}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neurofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_501", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004989", "caption": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_502", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006261", "caption": "The biopsy shows a busy appearance with few benign glands and some cribriform glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['p63-positive prostate cancer', 'digital rectal examination', 'PSA levels', 'busy appearance', 'cribriform glands', 'p63-positive prostate cancer', 'digital rectal examination', 'PSA levels', 'busy appearance', 'cribriform glands']", "noisy_text": " So this is another example of P63-positive prostate cancer. As you come over here, you can see it's the same process going on. Some of these glands look like conventional prostate cancer. This one looks like it's kind of undecided whether it should be P63-positive or conventional prostate cancer. As you come over here, this one looks like conventional prostate cancer. And then you have some others that are staining with P63. So this is another example of P63-positive prostate cancer. It's somewhat controversial whether to assign a glycine score to these. Obviously, if they form, if they have well-formed glands, that would be equivalent to glycine score 3 plus 3 equals 6 grade group 1. But the question is, the original case I showed you, when you have those polyform glands or single cells, it becomes debatable whether to assign a high glycine score to those cases. Because as of now, most of these tumors are relatively well-behaved. So that's still an area that is unsolved. So this was just a very good example of P63-positive prostate cancer. We'll move on to case 3. Case 3 is a 73-year-old man who presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. Again, you can see that a lot of the histories are beginning to overlap now. They look very similar. In this particular case, we have a different process going on. It's very busy. You can see there are a lot of glands, very, very busy. Very few benign glands there. There's some colonic tissue there. And as you keep looking at the core, you can see that there are some cribriform glands present. These glands,", "corrected_text": " So this is another example of p63-positive prostate cancer. As you come over here, you can see it's the same process going on. Some of these glands look like conventional prostate cancer. This one looks like it's kind of undecided whether it should be p63-positive or conventional prostate cancer. As you come over here, this one looks like conventional prostate cancer. And then you have some others that are staining with P63. So this is another example of p63-positive prostate cancer. It's somewhat controversial whether to assign a glycine score to these. Obviously, if they form, if they have well-formed glands, that would be equivalent to glycine score 3 plus 3 equals 6 grade group 1. But the question is, the original case I showed you, when you have those polyform glands or single cells, it becomes debatable whether to assign a high glycine score to those cases. Because as of now, most of these tumors are relatively well-behaved. So that's still an area that is unsolved. So this was just a very good example of p63-positive prostate cancer. We'll move on to case 3. Case 3 is a 73-year-old man who presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. Again, you can see that a lot of the histories are beginning to overlap now. They look very similar. In this particular case, we have a different process going on. It's very busy. You can see there are a lot of glands, very, very busy. Very few benign glands there. There's some colonic tissue there. And as you keep looking at the core, you can see that there are some cribriform glands present. These glands,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'p63-positive', 'concept_id': 'C4329511', 'confidence': 0.5139493942260742}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'glycine', 'concept_id': 'C0017890', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'score', 'concept_id': 'C0449820', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Case 3', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 0.8432309031486511}, {'entity': 'man', 'concept_id': 'C0025266', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 0.8765994906425476}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_503", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006836", "caption": "Surface epithelium showing goblet cells.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_504", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004198", "caption": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_505", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005558", "caption": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_506", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007932", "caption": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Follicular lymphoma', 'CD20', 'BCL6', 'follicle arrangement', 'Follicular lymphoma', 'CD20', 'BCL6', 'follicle arrangement']", "noisy_text": " and they often respond, you know, just an interracial steroid, local radiotherapy, some sort of excision. So, you know, this was follicle center cell lymphoma. There's one type that's comprised mostly of small lymphocytes, there's other types comprised mostly of the follicle cells. So there's the fuse, and then there's a follicular, there's kind of a mixed pattern. You don't need to know as much about this, but the way we work these up, they're strongly positive for CD20, and they're BCL6 positive in those follicle areas. And I like that kind of inside out follicle kind of arrangement. I think there's a photograph that kind of shows that. So these are the two different patterns, the follicular and the fuse, and then you can see the surrounding large neoplastic cells with the smaller lymphocytes. It's kind", "corrected_text": " and they often respond, you know, just an interracial steroid, local radiotherapy, some sort of excision. So, you know, this was Follicular lymphoma. There's one type that's comprised mostly of small lymphocytes, there's other types comprised mostly of the follicle cells. So there's the fuse, and then there's a follicular, there's kind of a mixed pattern. You don't need to know as much about this, but the way we work these up, they're strongly positive for CD20, and they're BCL6 positive in those follicle areas. And I like that kind of inside out follicle kind of arrangement. I think there's a photograph that kind of shows that. So these are the two different patterns, the follicular and the fuse, and then you can see the surrounding large neoplastic cells with the smaller lymphocytes. It's kind", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332293', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interracial', 'concept_id': 'C0682081', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'steroid', 'concept_id': 'C0038317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'local radiotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0034619', 'confidence': 0.8772267699241638}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'BCL6', 'concept_id': 'C1332399', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0018120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_507", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005958", "caption": "Example of an intravascular metastatic breast cancer.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_7b28124b-26e5-41df-a292-b4158529706a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Atypical cells inside blood vessels with hyperchromatic nuclei.', 'Large cells hugging each other and looking epithelial.']", "noisy_text": " So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't have a huge inflammatory response like intravascular lymphoma. Yeah, yeah. So you say the intravascular neoplasm of some sort. Well, I'm not sure what this is. And they kind of look epithelial. If you look at it, it looks like these cells are really hugging one another and they're pretty large. So yeah, I would agree with you. I'd say this is an intravascular neoplasm and maybe it's a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that's possibly epithelial. If it's a lymphoma, it's going to be pretty weird. It'd have to be some kind of a histiocytoid lymphoma, something that's got these cells very large and looks like histiocytes. This is an example of an intravascular metastatic breast cancer in this case. And probably the lymphocytic infiltrator is just, you know, it's like", "corrected_text": " So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't have a huge inflammatory response like intravascular lymphoma. Yeah, yeah. So you say the intravascular neoplasm of some sort. Well, I'm not sure what this is. And they kind of look epithelial. If you look at it, it looks like these cells are really hugging one another and they're pretty large. So yeah, I would agree with you. I'd say this is an intravascular neoplasm and maybe it's a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that's possibly epithelial. If it's a lymphoma, it's going to be pretty weird. It'd have to be some kind of a histiocytic lymphoma, something that's got these cells very large and looks like histiocytes. This is an example of an intravascular metastatic breast cancer in this case. And probably the lymphocytic infiltrator is just, you know, it's like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secondary', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C3553776', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intravascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 0.8177628517150879}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastatic neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytic lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intravascular metastatic breast cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0278488', 'confidence': 0.766404926776886}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_508", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009108", "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_509", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006881", "caption": "Zonation of more and less cellular areas of pink fibrous can be helpful in diagnosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this is the one that's going to be easy to misdiagnose and diagnose it as something benign when it's actually malignant. So again here look at the alternation more cellular stuff less cellular stuff very helpful to see this kind of zonation in swirling intermingling of more and less cellular areas of pink fibrous areas and", "corrected_text": " There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this is the one that's going to be easy to misdiagnose and diagnose it as something benign when it's actually malignant. So again here look at the alternation more cellular stuff less cellular stuff very helpful to see this kind of zonation in swirling intermingling of more and less cellular areas of pink fibrous areas and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cysts', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'osteosarcomatous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0279602', 'confidence': 0.7822340130805969}], [{'entity': 'pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cysts', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Zonation', 'concept_id': 'C0019360', 'confidence': 0.7375882267951965}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}, {'entity': 'pink fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.7378140091896057}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_510", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008955", "caption": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_511", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004622", "caption": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25cf08c9-c9d9-4441-a9ec-9d3954d4c095.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_512", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006597", "caption": "Description of atrophic features in glands with some changes in interluminal mucin and pink secretions.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_05dba902-598b-4a20-8adc-2854635c352e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['atrophic features', 'interluminal mucin and pink secretions', 'cytoplasmic features']", "noisy_text": " But let's go closer still and see what's going on. So as you look at some of these glands, again, you can appreciate that they have atrophic features. The nuclei are spaced apart a little bit. And this one actually has a little change of interluminal mucin and pink secretions. But from the histologic standpoint, they don't look that atypical. They don't have, you know, some of them have a little bit of pinpoint nucleoli, but they don't look that worrisome. The only issue is that some of these glands look like they're beginning to infiltrate a little bit. And that's what caused concern with the outside pathology. So some of them actually thought this was cancer because you have these bigger glands that look benign, and then you have this second population of smaller glands that appear like they're infiltrating. So of course, they went ahead and did, even as the chemical stains, which I'll share with you shortly. But I want you to just kind of burn this in your mind for a second, because when I show you the stains, it's going to be important for you to correlate what you're seeing now with the stains. So one other thing I want to draw your attention to before we look at the pink cocktail is that the cytoplasmic features of these smaller glands and even the larger benign glands next door are somewhat similar. So that's going to become very important when I show you these things. So we'll go ahead and look at the corresponding pink cocktail on that case. And this", "corrected_text": " But let's go closer still and see what's going on. So as you look at some of these glands, again, you can appreciate that they have atrophic features. The nuclei are spaced apart a little bit. And this one actually has a little change in interluminal mucin and pink secretions. But from the histologic standpoint, they don't look that atypical. They don't have, you know, some of them have a little bit of pinpoint nucleoli, but they don't look that worrisome. The only issue is that some of these glands look like they're beginning to infiltrate a little bit. And that's what caused concern with the outside pathology. So some of them actually thought this was cancer because you have these bigger glands that look benign, and then you have this second population of smaller glands that appear like they're infiltrating. So of course, they went ahead and did, even as the chemical stains, which I'share with you shortly. But I want you to just kind of burn this in your mind for a second, because when I show you the stains, it's going to be important for you to correlate what you're seeing now with the stains. So one other thing I want to draw your attention to before we look at the pink cocktail is that the cytoplasmic features of these smaller glands and even the larger benign glands next door are somewhat similar. So that's going to become very important when I show you these things. So we'll go ahead and look at the corresponding pink cocktail on that case. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic', 'concept_id': 'C0151514', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interluminal mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0911725', 'confidence': 0.6244790554046631}, {'entity': 'pink secretions', 'concept_id': 'C0036537', 'confidence': 0.7841725945472717}], [{'entity': 'Concerns', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltration', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'suspicion', 'concept_id': 'C0242114', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Importance', 'concept_id': 'C4086513', 'confidence': 0.96006178855896}, {'entity': 'correlating', 'concept_id': 'C1707520', 'confidence': 0.8486447334289551}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C0220806', 'confidence': 0.731187641620636}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_513", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007654", "caption": "The biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach, where peritoneal cells, mucincycletine cells, and chief cells are present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Goblet cells in gastric mucosa', 'Peritoneal cells in the body of the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in algean blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is algean blue PAS, intersternal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "corrected_text": " So the best stain for H. pylori is careful examination of H&E. Here H&E picture showing goblet cells in a gastric mucosa. The goblet cells are taking blue color, in Alcian blue, whereas the gastric epithelium is taking the PAS color. So this is Alcian blue PAS, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visualized', 'concept_id': 'C0234621', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H&E stain', 'concept_id': 'C0523207', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue color', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Alcian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0001933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'color', 'concept_id': 'C0009393', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0227208', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_514", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004488", "caption": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_73ee6627-c4ef-4043-864e-d1bd58954a72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormalities in localized areas of the epithelium', 'clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes', 'basal cell-like appearance of clear cell acanthoma.']", "noisy_text": " And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put a couple of others. So, it looked like psoriasis, and it had a lot of clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes. It was just one little localized packet. It looked like a basal cell. Yeah, clear cellular acanthoma. What if", "corrected_text": " And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put a couple of others. So, it looked like psoriasis, and it had a lot of clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes. It was just one little localized packet. It looked like a basal cell. Yeah, clear cellular acanthoma. What if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Localized abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C1844614', 'confidence': 0.7790723443031311}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poro', 'concept_id': 'C1012232', 'confidence': 0.8632686734199524}, {'entity': 'cell acanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0333992', 'confidence': 0.841953456401825}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_515", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005428", "caption": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_95f5a715-49dc-467d-bf1f-236523a6de84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "corrected_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_516", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007758", "caption": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['brown pigment near the surface', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_517", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005208", "caption": "Large histiocytes with organisms present within the cytoplasm are seen.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'organisms', 'infected histiocytes', 'large histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "corrected_text": " we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_518", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005119", "caption": "The tumor has an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['neoplastic process', 'blue tumor', 'nuclei', 'epithelial tumor', 'cribriform pattern']", "noisy_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and", "corrected_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fragments', 'concept_id': 'C0332255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'blue staining', 'concept_id': 'C0025746', 'confidence': 0.7925992608070374}, {'entity': 'hematoxylin staining', 'concept_id': 'C0018964', 'confidence': 0.9091285467147827}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal origin', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 0.8364232778549194}], [{'entity': 'Interconnected', 'concept_id': 'C0683595', 'confidence': 0.8500909209251404}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_519", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004789", "caption": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d477ea46-68f9-45cd-bf5a-96f137d0ebee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium', 'Dysplasia']", "noisy_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably crib reforming maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "corrected_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably cribriform maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplastic epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1512100', 'confidence': 0.8234760165214539}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_520", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009078", "caption": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_521", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005837", "caption": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "corrected_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep shaves', 'concept_id': 'C0518505', 'confidence': 0.7456271648406982}, {'entity': 'excisional/incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184921', 'confidence': 0.7826999425888062}], [{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'bread', 'concept_id': 'C0006138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histological examination', 'concept_id': 'C0019637', 'confidence': 0.9535407423973083}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_522", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004447", "caption": "There is an eosinophilic component to the biopsy.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "corrected_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal skin', 'concept_id': 'C0558145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trait', 'concept_id': 'C0599883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.7651135921478271}, {'entity': 'fat', 'concept_id': 'C0015677', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep funiculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0241216', 'confidence': 0.7899089455604553}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interstitial regions', 'concept_id': 'C0596790', 'confidence': 0.7848911285400391}], [{'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_523", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007827", "caption": "Proximal biopsies are normal endoscopically and histologically.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Yeah. Nope. Endoscopically and histologically, proximal biopsies are normal. Yeah. So the clinical also, if you know what the endoscopic procedure show, that's really, really helpful. You know, the patient's male. Have I had cases in females? No. Have I tried to give females STI proctitis? Yes. Have I been running every single case? Yes. Are there cases reported of patients with rectal chlamydia? Yes, but I have not come across. I'm the only one that we had turned out to be a transgender female. Another, you know, episode where I went down the tubes is I suggested the possibility of STI proctitis in this male patient because it really looked like STI proctitis. A year later, he gets another biopsy and it's full blown IBD. So early in the course of IBD, STI proctitis can really, the cases can look a lot like STI proctitis. So yeah. And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is", "corrected_text": " Yeah. Nope. Endoscopically and histologically, proximal biopsies are normal. Yeah. So the clinical also, if you know what the endoscopic procedure show, that's really, really helpful. You know, the patient's male. Have I had cases in females? No. Have I tried to give females STI proctitis? Yes. Have I been running every single case? Yes. Are there cases reported of patients with rectal chlamydia? Yes, but I have not come across. I'm the only one that we had turned out to be a transgender female. Another, you know, episode where I went down the tubes is I suggested the possibility of STI proctitis in this male patient because it really looked like STI proctitis. A year later, he gets another biopsy and it's full active IBD. So early in the course of IBD, STI proctitis can really, the cases can look a lot like STI proctitis. So yeah. And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proximal', 'concept_id': 'C0205107', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'endoscopically', 'concept_id': 'C0014245', 'confidence': 0.7536628842353821}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'early', 'concept_id': 'C1279919', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rectal chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 0.8654578924179077}], [{'entity': 'Pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_524", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005289", "caption": "Benign nature of the glands despite the presence of basal cell hyperplasia", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_018f29b1-c570-497d-9129-98642a46a135.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " That's something very important you want to exclude. But this is not melanoma. The patient did not have a history of melanoma. This does not look like prostate cancer, even though it can have sarcomatoid prostate cancer or prostatic adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features, which I'll share with you shortly. But there are a number of things that need to come into the differential. Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal", "corrected_text": " That's something very important you want to exclude. But this is not melanoma. The patient did not have a history of melanoma. This does not look like prostate cancer, even though it can have sarcomatoid prostate cancer or prostatic adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features, which I'share with you shortly. But there are a number of things that need to come into the differential. Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Exclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0680251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcomatoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205697', 'confidence': 0.8252997994422913}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crosstalk', 'concept_id': 'C0010357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_525", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009266", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_526", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004210", "caption": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_527", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006205", "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bcdaf0fd-b7ab-4e36-853b-eb7f0e43a144.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei']", "noisy_text": " and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of", "corrected_text": " and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mucinous tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial islands', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 0.675740122795105}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_528", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008698", "caption": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_4ad96366-3195-4299-85ca-1e2b799b8a27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['scattered little nuclei', 'cell type making protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue', 'scattered little nuclei', 'cell type making protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue', 'scattered little nuclei', 'cell type making protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue']", "noisy_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "corrected_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell type', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'ground substance', 'concept_id': 'C1253945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_529", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005915", "caption": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_530", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008937", "caption": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocentaurant rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocentaurant is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "corrected_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocyanin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocyanin rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocyanin is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breakdown', 'concept_id': 'C0699900', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'product', 'concept_id': 'C1254351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RBCs', 'concept_id': 'C0014792', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'particles', 'concept_id': 'C0597177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Special stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.7105166912078857}, {'entity': 'Prussian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0060234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Fontana-Masson', 'concept_id': 'C0060631', 'confidence': 0.9090515375137329}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_531", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006251", "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed.", "image_path": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_dce55910-0eb2-475d-928a-24c30c1dd36e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin', 'Foreign body giant cells seen around some foreign material', 'Brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin']", "noisy_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "corrected_text": " multinucleated giant cells are actually transformed macrophages and they are also called foreign body cells or those are those are cells seen around some foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed and they are transformed macrophages. Here we can see some brown pigment which is very probably hemosiderin and if we want to be sure we can use prussian blue stain or pearls pearls stain and the hemosiderin would turn into blue pigment because of iron ions that mediates this blue reaction. Macrophages that phagocytose the hemosiderin are sometimes called siderophages. Here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multinucleated giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'foreign body giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017527', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foreign material', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'phagocytosed', 'concept_id': 'C0031308', 'confidence': 0.920818030834198}, {'entity': 'destroyed', 'concept_id': 'C3830528', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_532", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008735", "caption": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f67d5747-1b9d-404c-8cc5-a2bb75b7f620.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_533", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004786", "caption": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8c36ddc3-2ca4-41c0-ba10-e244e318a521.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease', 'psoriasis form dermatitis', 'inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'interface dermatitis', 'pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease', 'psoriasis form dermatitis', 'inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'interface dermatitis']", "noisy_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of boenoid papillosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep boenoid papillosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally Bowen's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "corrected_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of bowenoid papulosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep bowenoid papulosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally squamous cell carcinoma's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_534", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006438", "caption": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present.", "image_path": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_96720733-883a-441c-8c53-78f26aca6029.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Compressed glomerulus surrounded by a crescent, with both fibrous and cellular components.', 'Compressed glomerulus surrounded by a crescent, with both fibrous and cellular components.']", "noisy_text": " Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I do have half of them. It's more of acellular area fibrous and here I do have cellularity as well. Look at this. My glomerulus is here. It's only in one pole. Rest everything is replaced by cellular crescent, right? Because like", "corrected_text": " Look at this glomerulus. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I do have half of them. It's more of fibrous crescent and here I do have cellularity as well. Look at this. My glomerulus is here. It's only in one pole. Rest everything is replaced by cellular crescent, right? Because like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glomerulus', 'concept_id': 'C0022663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compressed', 'concept_id': 'C0332260', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.6849074363708496}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescents', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_535", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009015", "caption": "The myxoid areas in the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma look different from the fibrous areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. Myxofibrosarcomas are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "corrected_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. myxofibrosarcoma are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Evans tumor', 'concept_id': 'C2697858', 'confidence': 0.6359843015670776}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'aneuploidy', 'concept_id': 'C0002938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'random', 'concept_id': 'C0034656', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gains', 'concept_id': 'C1517378', 'confidence': 0.7974324226379395}, {'entity': 'losses', 'concept_id': 'C0018840', 'confidence': 0.786555290222168}], [{'entity': 'myxoid areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.8464413285255432}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'fibrous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.783623218536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_536", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004916", "caption": "Discussion of interstitial inflammation and possible diagnoses, including Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_a1b6e813-bf95-44a8-8556-60f1199ad5d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Mostly interstitial. Well, what I thought of with this, because of all of the degranulation, was Wells syndrome. What's the other name for Wells syndrome? Eosinophilic cellulitis. Okay, so what's another couple of conditions that give you mostly interstitial involvement other than Wells? Maybe like a hyper-eosinophilic syndrome? Well, not really. So this interstitial. Interstitial mostly inflammation. It's a different question than what's the diagnosis. Yeah, this is Wells. You got that part right. But you want to figure out some other things that when the board examination sticks some other questions down there, you're not going to say, hmm, it might be that.", "corrected_text": " Mostly interstitial. Well, what I thought of with this, because of all of the degranulation, was Wells syndrome. What's the other name for Wells syndrome? Eosinophilic cellulitis. Okay, so what's another couple of conditions that give you mostly interstitial involvement other than Wells? Maybe like a hypereosinophilic syndrome? Well, not really. So this interstitial. Interstitial mostly inflammation. It's a different question than what's the diagnosis. Yeah, this is Wells. You got that part right. But you want to figure out some other things that when the board examination sticks some other questions down there, you're not going to say, hmm, it might be that.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'interstitial inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C1265831', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Wells syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C0343101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hypereosinophilic syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C0263662', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_537", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009269", "caption": "The tumor is a histologic mimic of perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP,", "corrected_text": " that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}, {'entity': 'whirled', 'concept_id': 'C1424217', 'confidence': 0.6834293007850647}, {'entity': 'swirled areas', 'concept_id': 'C1968905', 'confidence': 0.5657616853713989}], [{'entity': 'Dermatofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_538", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007305", "caption": "Identification of vein or artery based on elastic tissue strain.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_539", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006827", "caption": "The cells being observed are likely nevus cells or melanocytes, which are showing regression and have vesicular nuclei.", "image_path": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_9b37fead-13ef-4620-bd53-a99d29e3039f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nevus cells or melanocytes with vesicular nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " yes it is this is this is exactly oh that's a good term we'll say that there's reverse maturation the the nuclei are are not showing any it in a banal nevus if this was a banal nevus at the top you'd have type a nevus cells down at the bottom if this was a nevus in an old portion you'd probably have type c nevus cells where they look neural and they'd at least be type b where there'd be hyperchromatic nuclei and no cytoplasm but these these nevus cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that", "corrected_text": " yes it is this is this is exactly oh that's a good term we'll say that there's regression the the nuclei are are not showing any it in a banal nevus if this was a banal nevus at the top you'd have type a nevus cells down at the bottom if this was a nevus in an old portion you'd probably have type c nevus cells where they look neural and they'd at least be type b where there'd be hyperchromatic nuclei and no cytoplasm but these these nevus cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevus cells', 'concept_id': 'C1142274', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'regression', 'concept_id': 'C0684320', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_540", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009476", "caption": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_541", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004200", "caption": "A CD34 stain is not necessary for a classic DFSP diagnosis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_542", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007570", "caption": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']", "noisy_text": " You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "corrected_text": " You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C2265913', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_543", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008007", "caption": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation', 'sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_544", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005777", "caption": "A small subset of cases (around 10%) may have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b06fa2cd-0137-4098-a925-6354fb23cc07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "corrected_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelioid cell', 'concept_id': 'C0014603', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic', 'concept_id': 'C1514164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'osteosarcomatous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0279602', 'confidence': 0.7822340130805969}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_545", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005628", "caption": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocentaurant rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocentaurant is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "corrected_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocyanin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocyanin rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocyanin is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breakdown', 'concept_id': 'C0699900', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'product', 'concept_id': 'C1254351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RBCs', 'concept_id': 'C0014792', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'particles', 'concept_id': 'C0597177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Special stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.7105166912078857}, {'entity': 'Prussian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0060234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Fontana-Masson', 'concept_id': 'C0060631', 'confidence': 0.9090515375137329}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_546", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009480", "caption": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_27c0dd24-eb37-496d-b955-579d7c5d1027.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_547", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007969", "caption": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6']", "noisy_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'll expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "corrected_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrating', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STOMP', 'concept_id': 'C0056167', 'confidence': 0.6245664358139038}, {'entity': 'stromal tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0879615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'potential', 'concept_id': 'C3245505', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STOMPs', 'concept_id': 'C0577018', 'confidence': 0.6140404343605042}, {'entity': 'recur', 'concept_id': 'C0034897', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'progress', 'concept_id': 'C1272688', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1521760', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entities', 'concept_id': 'C0424215', 'confidence': 0.7521668672561646}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STAT6', 'concept_id': 'C0297890', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_548", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005321", "caption": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e2e8ea2e-d7e1-43d2-b645-27fe3e63b561.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia', 'endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia']", "noisy_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "corrected_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0007637', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV infection', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_549", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1008558", "caption": "Histopathological description of proliferative cells with ATP and hyperplastic glands.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis']", "noisy_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "corrected_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.8005025386810303}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 0.7789753675460815}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_550", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007676", "caption": "Presence of hemosiderin and foamy areas in some regions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['hemosiderin areas', 'foamy areas', 'lipid-laden cells', 'cellular dermatofibroma', 'dermatofibroma with large atypical cells', 'dermatofibroma with monster cells']", "noisy_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "corrected_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized cells. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization of cells. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foamy', 'concept_id': 'C4523940', 'confidence': 0.8298001885414124}, {'entity': 'regions', 'concept_id': 'C0242961', 'confidence': 0.8140352964401245}], [{'entity': 'Cellular dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 0.833601713180542}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monster cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.7091032862663269}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_551", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007183", "caption": "One gland has early corpora and mucin formation, while another is more atrophic.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1521bb4e-c5c0-4abb-9e9e-9ba6e9a39567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['fairly well circumscribed gland with early corpora and mucin formation', 'more atrophic gland', 'fairly well circumscribed gland with early corpora and mucin formation', 'more atrophic gland']", "noisy_text": " The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and malatial formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunosuchemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this was a pink cocktail. In this", "corrected_text": " The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and mucin formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this was a pink cocktail. In this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal borders', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.6706532835960388}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'One gland', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.8090358972549438}, {'entity': 'early', 'concept_id': 'C1279919', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'corpora', 'concept_id': 'C4521398', 'confidence': 0.8943701982498169}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic', 'concept_id': 'C0151514', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_552", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008695", "caption": "Follicular neoplasms commonly have a fibrous stroma, which is helpful in diagnosis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles', 'fibrous stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma']", "noisy_text": " This is sort of a tricofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the tricofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromucinous. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a tricofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "corrected_text": " This is sort of a trichofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the trichofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromyxoid. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a trichofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Trichofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'miniaturized hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.7287319302558899}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7124271988868713}], [{'entity': 'Follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_553", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006570", "caption": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain', 'myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_554", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008983", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_555", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007111", "caption": "Re-biopsy showed no more granulomas after treatment for sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['granuloma', 'granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis']", "noisy_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "corrected_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granuloma', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Re-biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.6681398749351501}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_556", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007597", "caption": "Presence of a tiny nested component and melanoma in situ component that stained with MART1.", "image_path": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " on this side we have S100 striking staining throughout the dermis and on this side, those atypical spindle cells are totally negative for MART1. All you see there are a couple little nests. This one had a tiny, tiny component that was nested as well as a melanoma in situ component. That part stained with MART1. The rest of the lesion was totally negative and just stained with S100. So this is a great example to help explain that you're usually not going to have MART1 and HMB45. Those specific markers are not gonna usually be present in pure desmoplastic melanomas. I wanted to show you a comparison. We looked at", "corrected_text": " on this side we have S100 striking staining throughout the dermis and on this side, those atypical spindle cells are totally negative for MART1. All you see there are a couple little nests. This one had a tiny, tiny component that was nested as well as a melanoma in situ component. That part stained with MART1. The rest of the lesion was totally negative and just stained with S100. So this is a great example to help explain that you're usually not going to have MART1 and HMB45. Those specific markers are not gonna usually be present in pure desmoplastic melanomas. I wanted to show you a comparison. We looked at", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'side', 'concept_id': 'C0441987', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical', 'concept_id': 'C0205182', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ component', 'concept_id': 'C1882484', 'confidence': 0.7850481271743774}, {'entity': 'stained', 'concept_id': 'C2986582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic', 'concept_id': 'C1511789', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_557", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009173", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2c74cb7e-8b94-4978-b90b-ef18b3b1034a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_558", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006186", "caption": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_559", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006587", "caption": "Ectatic vessels are present in the papillary dermis with pallor consistent with edema and perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_22f9d1d9-6fad-4df6-a025-36c37c0d46db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells', 'ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "corrected_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ectatic vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7720959186553955}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pallor', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_560", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008449", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma should be excluded based on these features.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9806226e-d95c-48e6-9687-d06571da83a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Fibrous pink stuff mingled with pale blue myxoid stuff and more cellular areas like this intermingled with less cellular areas. Those features right there always make me think I have to exclude low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with some practice and hopefully after this video, you'll have seen enough cases that you can start to recognize there are some very distinct features I think that at higher power that are kind of subtle, the nuances like that fine collagen and something like the vascular pattern that can help you sort this out and then of course we can use ancillary testing but I think from low power, it's important to always have this entity in your mind when you see a soft tissue tumor that looks benign and has kind of pinkish and bluish", "corrected_text": " Fibrous pink stuff mingled with pale blue myxoid stuff and more cellular areas like this intermingled with less cellular areas. Those features right there always make me think I have to exclude low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with some practice and hopefully after this video, you'll have seen enough cases that you can start to recognize there are some very distinct features I think that at higher power that are kind of subtle, the nuances like that fine collagen and something like the vascular pattern that can help you sort this out and then of course we can use ancillary testing but I think from low power, it's important to always have this entity in your mind when you see a soft tissue tumor that looks benign and has kind of pinkish and bluish", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Fibrous pink', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.7378140091896057}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vascular pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1446316', 'confidence': 0.8019405007362366}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Ancillary testing', 'concept_id': 'C1319071', 'confidence': 0.8779969215393066}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_561", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005165", "caption": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e04d68b3-554b-418e-b777-8f951e77631e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['MAC looks like a syringoma.']", "noisy_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "corrected_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Mycobacterium avium complex', 'concept_id': 'C0026914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'deep cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.6357579231262207}, {'entity': 'destroys', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.6218703985214233}, {'entity': 'path', 'concept_id': 'C1705483', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_562", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008757", "caption": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive']", "noisy_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "corrected_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IHC', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024305', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_563", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005073", "caption": "Histopathological description of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4f0e36fc-59d1-44c7-8221-524493485e08.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanoma in situ involving the nail unit.']", "noisy_text": " sometimes a little bit cleaner than the MART1 stain, which is a cytoplasmic stain. So first case, slides one and two represented melanoma in situ involving the nail unit. Very nice example. I'm sure many of you don't see many nail biopsies, so just really nicely taken. The problem with these biopsies of course is that they're difficult and oftentimes the tissue is fragmented or squeezed or if the nail plate happens to be removed, a lot of the matrix will adhere to the nail plate. So again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing", "corrected_text": " sometimes a little bit cleaner than the MART1 stain, which is a cytoplasmic stain. So first case, slides one and two represented melanoma in situ involving the nail unit. Very nice example. I'm sure many of you don't see many nail biopsies, so just really nicely taken. The problem with these biopsies of course is that they're difficult and oftentimes the tissue is fragmented or squeezed or if the nail plate happens to be removed, a lot of the matrix will adhere to the nail plate. So again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nail unit', 'concept_id': 'C4758673', 'confidence': 0.8730567693710327}], [{'entity': 'Difficulty', 'concept_id': 'C1299586', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue fragmentation', 'concept_id': 'C0332472', 'confidence': 0.8164394497871399}, {'entity': 'squeezing', 'concept_id': 'C1997001', 'confidence': 0.9174635410308838}], [{'entity': 'fragments', 'concept_id': 'C0332255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_564", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004557", "caption": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa.", "image_path": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_fcb0d9d7-5bc4-4b78-8660-87d8e30e190d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Pulmonary']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle bundles', 'lymphomatous cells', 'wall of the small bowel', 'ulceration of the mucosa', 'fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate', 'GI bleeding', 'smooth muscle bundles', 'lymphomatous cells', 'wall of the small bowel', 'ulceration of the mucosa', 'fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate', 'GI bleeding']", "noisy_text": " see some smooth muscle bundles here, but this is very much infiltrated by lymphomatous cells, and then of course, we have the serosa. So we can see that there is a very abnormal infiltrate of this bluish appearing cells throughout the wall of the small bowel. In some areas, it is full thickness. In other areas, it just involves part of the wall, and in fact, in this area, we can see that this has caused ulceration of the mucosa. There is this fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate here, and of course, this means that it can give rise to GI bleeding. Taking a", "corrected_text": " see some smooth muscle bundles here, but this is very much infiltrated by lymphomatous cells, and then of course, we have the serosa. So we can see that there is a very abnormal infiltrate of this bluish appearing cells throughout the wall of the small bowel. In some areas, it is full thickness. In other areas, it just involves part of the wall, and in fact, in this area, we can see that this has caused ulceration of the mucosa. There is this fibrinoid inflammatory ulcer exudate here, and of course, this means that it can give rise to GI bleeding. Taking a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}, {'entity': 'infiltrated', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphomatous cells', 'concept_id': 'C0883208', 'confidence': 0.8273725509643555}, {'entity': 'wall', 'concept_id': 'C0677535', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small bowel', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ulceration', 'concept_id': 'C0041582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0026724', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GI bleeding', 'concept_id': 'C0017181', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "644.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_565", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004798", "caption": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b4da8638-1f38-4754-bdde-a6e5bc353f02.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['plasma cells within the infiltrate', 'central dark blue or purple papule', 'eccentric ring', 'papillary projections', 'plump endothelial', 'plasma cells within the infiltrate', 'central dark blue or purple papule', 'eccentric ring', 'papillary projections', 'plump endothelial']", "noisy_text": " plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly on the trunk or extremities. It is characterized usually by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an ecomotic ring, which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and", "corrected_text": " plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly on the trunk or extremities. It is characterized usually by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring, which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Kaposi's sarcoma\", 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'rules', 'concept_id': 'C0870077', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Kaposi's sarcoma\", 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'extremities', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central dark blue', 'concept_id': 'C1958010', 'confidence': 0.6706290245056152}, {'entity': 'purple papule', 'concept_id': 'C0439542', 'confidence': 0.759922981262207}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eccentric ring', 'concept_id': 'C0439740', 'confidence': 0.9041137099266052}, {'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_566", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008486", "caption": "Lymphocytes are hyperchromatic and can be used as a reference for comparison.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_7003a78c-a71f-4f57-a2e5-f20e15371095.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Vesicular nuclei', 'Lymphocytes', 'Vesicular nuclei', 'Lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these are the nuclei. So if you see here, the nucleus has got a very finely lightly strained chromatin and a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So normally, whenever we see a vesicular nuclei, they're generally accompanied by a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So whenever we are describing a vesicular nuclei, that is, we are saying that the nucleus is lightly strained, we are also saying that the cell is also having a prominent nuclei. And if you compare these cells with few of the lymphocytes here, so lymphocytes are the best cell in reference. And you can always compare the nucleus which you are typing with the lymphocytes in vicinity. And lymphocytes are usually hyperchromatic, that is, they're darkly strained. So as compared to this cell, you see that the nucleus is", "corrected_text": " very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these are the nuclei. So if you see here, the nucleus has got a very finely lightly strained chromatin and a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So normally, whenever we see a vesicular nuclei, they're generally accompanied by a prominent big eosinophilic nuclei. So whenever we are describing a vesicular nuclei, that is, we are saying that the nucleus is lightly strained, we are also saying that the cell is also having a prominent nuclei. And if you compare these cells with few of the lymphocytes here, so lymphocytes are the best cell in reference. And you can always compare the nucleus which you are typing with the lymphocytes in vicinity. And lymphocytes are usually hyperchromatic, that is, they're darkly strained. So as compared to this cell, you see that the nucleus is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proliferating', 'concept_id': 'C1514485', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 0.7939648628234863}], [{'entity': 'Lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_567", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007348", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a44d68c9-acf0-4267-9a47-d8084aad27ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'gastric biopsy', 'colonic biopsy']", "noisy_text": " And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to see these signet cells, especially in biopsies. Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical", "corrected_text": " And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to see these signet cells, especially in biopsies. Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'high', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative disease', 'concept_id': 'C1332629', 'confidence': 0.8737467527389526}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_568", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006838", "caption": "There is no pleomorphism seen in this tumor, except for a rare exception in children with pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_26cb36c5-d236-4e52-92bb-b58c4b7839ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You do not see pleomorphism in this tumor with the rare, rare exception that has been described in children of pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma, which even though it's in the books, A, I've never seen one and B, the concept does not sit well with me because my understanding is they behave different than regular myxoid liposarcoma, they're more aggressive. A lot of them do not have DDIT3 gene rearrangement. So I kind of think they're a different tumor than this, but I don't know, I don't write the books. So maybe I", "corrected_text": " You do not see pleomorphism in this tumor with the rare, rare exception that has been described in children of pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma, which even though it's in the books, A, I've never seen one and B, the concept does not sit well with me because my understanding is they behave different than regular myxoid liposarcoma, they're more aggressive. A lot of them do not have DDIT3 gene rearrangement. So I kind of think they're a different tumor than this, but I don't know, I don't write the books. So maybe I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exception', 'concept_id': 'C1554961', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'children', 'concept_id': 'C0008059', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0205825', 'confidence': 0.831965446472168}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_569", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004744", "caption": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_570", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007801", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f7e5d5f2-fbd2-484f-bc63-a2fff2d91620.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_571", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005994", "caption": "Increase in eosinophils seen in normal marrow, but in this case, it may be related to the patient\u2019s history of asthma.", "image_path": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_e2584fb4-94f6-433a-989a-48f60a75a639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "roi_text": "['Increase in eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " even with the normal marrow, you have some increase in eosinophils, but we know in perspective with this person having asthma, some of that eosinophilia is coming from this person's history of asthma, but there's quite a bit of eosinophils there, but the ME ratio was adequate, maybe four to one in evidence of trilinear hematopoiesis, and so this was a relatively 80% bone marrow with normal cellularity and trilinear hematopoiesis, so very normal looking bone marrow, and I do that, I have a few plasma cells in here as well, but they're not to", "corrected_text": " even with the normal marrow, you have some increase in eosinophils, but we know in perspective with this person having asthma, some of that eosinophilia is coming from this person's history of asthma, but there's quite a bit of eosinophils there, but the ME ratio was adequate, maybe four to one in evidence of trilinear hematopoiesis, and so this was a relatively 80% bone marrow with normal cellularity and trilinear hematopoiesis, so very normal looking bone marrow, and I do that, I have a few plasma cells in here as well, but they're not to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increase', 'concept_id': 'C0442805', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal marrow', 'concept_id': 'C1292131', 'confidence': 0.8076969981193542}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient\u2019s history of asthma', 'concept_id': 'C0455544', 'confidence': 0.8792974948883057}], [{'entity': 'bone marrow', 'concept_id': 'C0005953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trilinear hematopoiesis', 'concept_id': 'C0018951', 'confidence': 0.7991899251937866}, {'entity': 'normal cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.8253751993179321}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "608.0", "id": "test_572", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007220", "caption": "Two distinct morphologic populations of melanocytes, some dendritic and others spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'heavily pigmented melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped', 'intersecting vessels', 'combined melanocytic nevus', 'blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "corrected_text": " pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped cells. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphologic populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.6858205199241638}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic', 'concept_id': 'C0011305', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.9035798907279968}, {'entity': 'fusiform-shaped', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.6468937397003174}], [{'entity': 'Arranged', 'concept_id': 'C1546854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'short', 'concept_id': 'C1282927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intersecting vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7007781863212585}], [{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_573", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006506", "caption": "The glands are shortened and there is crypt shortening, with space between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. There is also basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_61773244-773e-4114-bcac-de7e33a11fef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Glands with crypt shortening', 'Space between muscularis mucosa and bottom of gland and crypt', 'Basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils', 'Glands with crypt shortening', 'Space between muscularis mucosa and bottom of gland and crypt', 'Basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " you're right. If you're wrong, you're wrong, and that's fine. Yes, yes. Yeah, so you think there's some crip dropout. I think you're right. What else? What would you say about the glands themselves? I would say they're a little bit shortened. So, compared to the normal case that I showed before, here's the muscularis mucosa, and here's the bottom of your gland, and there's a lot of space in between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. So, we would call that crip shortening. If you look closely, you'll see some basal lymphoplasma cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman", "corrected_text": " you're right. If you're wrong, you're wrong, and that's fine. Yes, yes. Yeah, so you think there's some crip dropout. I think you're right. What else? What would you say about the glands themselves? I would say they're a little bit shortened. So, compared to the normal case that I showed before, here's the muscularis mucosa, and here's the bottom of your gland, and there's a lot of space in between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. So, we would call that crip shortening. If you look closely, you'll see some basal lymphoplasma cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'shortened', 'concept_id': 'C1282927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shortening', 'concept_id': 'C0441636', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'gland', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal lymphoplasmacytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0024419', 'confidence': 0.7173169851303101}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_574", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008178", "caption": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_575", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006485", "caption": "Granulation tissue is important in the healing process and consists of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and capillaries.", "image_path": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_354056aa-60da-450a-b97e-07fcfacb607a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['granulation tissue', 'fibroblasts', 'myofibroblasts', 'inflammatory cells', 'capillaries', 'granulation tissue', 'fibroblasts', 'myofibroblasts', 'inflammatory cells', 'capillaries', 'granulation tissue', 'fibroblasts', 'myofibroblasts', 'inflammatory cells', 'capillaries']", "noisy_text": " Here we see granulation tissue. Granulation tissue is very important in the healing process. It is basically the way how the organism creates a new connective tissue. So if you cut yourself the wound will be filled with granulation tissue. Another example is myocardial infarction where necrosis or coagulative necrosis after some time will turn into granulation tissue and over the time it will heal and create scar tissue. So granulation tissue consists of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells and capillaries. So a few capillaries can be seen here. They", "corrected_text": " Here we see granulation tissue. Granulation tissue is very important in the healing process. It is basically the way how the organism creates a new connective tissue. So if you cut yourself the wound will be filled with granulation tissue. Another example is myocardial infarction where necrosis or coagulative necrosis after some time will turn into granulation tissue and over the time it will heal and create scar tissue. So granulation tissue consists of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells and capillaries. So a few capillaries can be seen here. They", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Granulation tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0018180', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'healing', 'concept_id': 'C0043240', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'tissue section', 'concept_id': 'C2316368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_576", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007225", "caption": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['gastric mucosa', 'body of the stomach', 'peritoneal cells', 'mucincycletine cells', 'chief cells', 'pyloric metaplasia', 'autoimmune gastritis']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "corrected_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}], [{'entity': 'Pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_577", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005728", "caption": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b87f929a-aac9-4a8b-85ca-8cf97a695c44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "corrected_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0227351', 'confidence': 0.8191195130348206}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_578", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005907", "caption": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_758b068d-b34c-4077-8fb4-8c75d5ed190d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyaluronized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "corrected_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyalinized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial injury', 'concept_id': 'C0332671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_579", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004169", "caption": "The stain worked because the melanocytes in the positive control were stained dark brown.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9cbe2dc8-5cb5-493d-ad87-708268ed80cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['melanocytes', 'melanocytic nevus', 'melanocytes', 'tissue sample']", "noisy_text": " with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is a melanocytic nevus and we can see in this positive control indeed the stain was working because the melanocytes are stained dark brown. So if we go up and take a look at the biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on", "corrected_text": " with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is a melanocytic nevus and we can see in this positive control indeed the stain was working because the melanocytes are stained dark brown. So if we go up and take a look at the biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Melanin A', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 0.8931530714035034}, {'entity': 'Mk1', 'concept_id': 'C1708816', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stain', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9572635889053345}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive control', 'concept_id': 'C1883676', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stained dark brown', 'concept_id': 'C4047948', 'confidence': 0.7432422637939453}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_580", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005789", "caption": "The tissue being examined is elastic cartilage, which is characterized by the presence of lacunas and chondrocytes.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['elastic cartilage', 'lacunas', 'chondrocytes', 'external ear', 'epiglottis', 'reticular connective tissue', 'epithelial tissue']", "noisy_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "corrected_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examined', 'concept_id': 'C0332128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lacunas', 'concept_id': 'C1459585', 'confidence': 0.8563621044158936}, {'entity': 'chondrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225369', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'external ear', 'concept_id': 'C0013453', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epiglottis', 'concept_id': 'C0014540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reticular', 'concept_id': 'C0439739', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_581", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009137", "caption": "Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels can occur, which is characterized by collagen deposition and can make vessels stand out as pink.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2ee42782-6dd9-4b6a-a5ea-0cd69691d5c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels in the highlighted area.']", "noisy_text": " And again I mentioned that you can have some hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels and here's a here's a nice example of that. You can see over over here in this area you can really nicely see that these these pink circle standing out. These are vessels and you can really appreciate the arch shape here this nice curved arch little hook of a vessel and there's so much collagen around the vessels it really makes them stand out as pink it's really a really dramatic pattern in this case. So very hyalinized kind of pink stuff that it's so dense that you can not really even appreciate the", "corrected_text": " And again I mentioned that you can have some hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels and here's a here's a nice example of that. You can see over over here in this area you can really nicely see that these these pink circle standing out. These are vessels and you can really appreciate the arch shape here this nice curved arch little hook of a vessel and there's so much collagen around the vessels it really makes them stand out as pink it's really a really dramatic pattern in this case. So very hyalinized kind of pink stuff that it's so dense that you can not really even appreciate the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'deposition', 'concept_id': 'C0333562', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_582", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006344", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e5344b6f-b392-4d71-97ae-d049d4f28d8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_583", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009453", "caption": "The tumor was previously described as a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So this tumor has been in the past described as hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and we now recognize and have immunohistochemical and molecular proof that this is just a morphologic variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so I'll still mention this oftentimes in the report just as a kind of a comment that this tumor has the unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes but in my line diagnosis I would still call this low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma because it is low-grade fibromyxoid and look again how dense the collagen is in this area this is that sclerotic kind of area really has almost like a tiger", "corrected_text": " So this tumor has been in the past described as hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and we now recognize and have immunohistochemical and molecular proof that this is just a morphologic variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so I'll still mention this oftentimes in the report just as a kind of a comment that this tumor has the unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes but in my line diagnosis I would still call this low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma because it is low-grade fibromyxoid and look again how dense the collagen is in this area this is that sclerotic kind of area really has almost like a tiger", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'hyalinizing', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'giant', 'concept_id': 'C0017547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}], [{'entity': 'morphologic', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.9229367971420288}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'unique', 'concept_id': 'C1710548', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinizing', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'giant', 'concept_id': 'C0017547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_584", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007602", "caption": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Thickened cornified layer', 'Slightly thinned epidermis with a basement of the reed bridge pattern', 'Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Crisscross configuration of fascicles throughout the dermis', 'Thickened cornified layer', 'Slightly thinned epidermis with a basement of the reed bridge pattern', 'Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Crisscross configuration of fascicles throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "corrected_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}, {'entity': 'thickened', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thinned', 'concept_id': 'C0392758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'reed', 'concept_id': 'C0681191', 'confidence': 0.7412400841712952}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'elongated', 'concept_id': 'C0205166', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tapered', 'concept_id': 'C0441640', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'concept_id': 'C4323148', 'confidence': 0.6683960556983948}], [{'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crisscross configuration', 'concept_id': 'C0449830', 'confidence': 0.7424066066741943}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_585", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004898", "caption": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_586", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006206", "caption": "The tumor is a Brenner borderline tumor because there is no invasion yet.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['papillary structures', 'transitional type cells', 'marked atypia', 'invasion in the ovarian stroma', 'cytoplasmic clearing', 'invasion in the ovarian stroma']", "noisy_text": " tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urethelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion in the ovarian stroma. Now it is named as malignant Brenner tumor or transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary. Here you can see this is the clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. You can well identify the cytoplasmic clearing these rounded clear structures cytoplasmic clearing of", "corrected_text": " tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked atypia in the urothelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion in the ovarian stroma. Now it is named as malignant Brenner tumor or transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary. Here you can see this is the clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. You can well identify the cytoplasmic clearing these rounded clear structures cytoplasmic clearing of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Brenner borderline tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0334494', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Brenner tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006160', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1518174', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic clearing', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8013758659362793}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_587", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004710", "caption": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08a0696b-f13b-483a-9f96-dd735a161833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia', 'endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia', 'endothelial cells', 'vasculitis and ischemia']", "noisy_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "corrected_text": " nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion. These are CMV infection. These are all involving blood vessels. One thing for CMV, it affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and the fibroblasts. Since it's involving the endothelial cells, it produces vasculitis and ischemia. And that's why most of the CMV gastroenteropathy is associated with ischemic changes because of the overlapping vasculitis. Here, it is involving more epithelium. Whereas here, it's involving more endothelium. This is a special strain, gastric biopsy again. You see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inclusion', 'concept_id': 'C0007637', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CMV infection', 'concept_id': 'C0010823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_588", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007677", "caption": "Different types of dermatofibroma, including those with large atypical cells or monster cells.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['hemosiderin areas', 'foamy areas', 'lipid-laden cells', 'cellular dermatofibroma', 'dermatofibroma with large atypical cells', 'dermatofibroma with monster cells']", "noisy_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "corrected_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized cells. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization of cells. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foamy', 'concept_id': 'C4523940', 'confidence': 0.8298001885414124}, {'entity': 'regions', 'concept_id': 'C0242961', 'confidence': 0.8140352964401245}], [{'entity': 'Cellular dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 0.833601713180542}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monster cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.7091032862663269}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_589", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006586", "caption": "The described tumor is a Brenner borderline tumor with papillary structures and transitional type cells, but no invasion yet.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ovary', 'Brenner tumor', 'ovary', 'transitional cell carcinoma', 'papillary structures', 'transitional type cells', 'invasion']", "noisy_text": " in the ovary and they do not show invasion you will call that this is a benign Brenner tumor. But when these cells these show aggressive behavior, they show ATPR and they infiltrate ovarian stroma then it will be named as transitional cell carcinoma. This is Brenner borderline tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urethelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion", "corrected_text": " in the ovary and they do not show invasion you will call that this is a benign Brenner tumor. But when these cells these show aggressive behavior, they show ATPR and they infiltrate ovarian stroma then it will be named as transitional cell carcinoma. This is Brenner borderline tumor. Again here you can see the papillary structures that show stratification of the cells and the cells are of transitional type. So this is called Brenner borderline tumor because yet or still there is no invasion. When there is invasion of the cells here you can see there is marked ATPR in the urothelial cells or in the transitional cells and they show invasion", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Brenner tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006160', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggressive behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1518174', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Brenner borderline tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0334494', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'papillary structures', 'concept_id': 'C0030352', 'confidence': 0.7890171408653259}, {'entity': 'transitional', 'concept_id': 'C1182674', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_590", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004592", "caption": "Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_591", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009279", "caption": "The inflammatory infiltrate includes lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils, with thickening or retention of the dermal papillae.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Subepidermal blister', 'Inflammatory cells in papillary dermis and blister cavity', 'Lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils', 'Thickening or retention of dermal papillae', 'Eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in blister cavity', 'Subepidermal blister', 'Inflammatory cells in papillary dermis and blister cavity', 'Lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils', 'Thickening or retention of dermal papillae', 'Eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in blister cavity']", "noisy_text": " immunofluorescence. Let me flip the slide here. The staining, I'm sorry, is not so great, but one can see the presence of a subepidermal blister here. This is relatively cell-rich. There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some festooning or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know,", "corrected_text": " immunofluorescence. Let me flip the slide here. The staining, I'm sorry, is not so great, but one can see the presence of a subepidermal blister here. This is relatively cell-rich. There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some festooning or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'subepidermal blister', 'concept_id': 'C1856956', 'confidence': 0.9338953495025635}, {'entity': 'cell-rich environment', 'concept_id': 'C0014406', 'confidence': 0.7375022768974304}, {'entity': 'fibrin', 'concept_id': 'C0015982', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'inflammatory infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C3887644', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickening', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'retention', 'concept_id': 'C0035280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillae', 'concept_id': 'C4230196', 'confidence': 0.8667760491371155}], [{'entity': 'lots', 'concept_id': 'C0302148', 'confidence': 0.7982692718505859}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_592", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004930", "caption": "Presence of large fat microcysts with membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery, representing coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['large fat microcysts', 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'fibrosis', 'lipophages', 'plasma cells', 'lipophages']", "noisy_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are virtually pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "corrected_text": " ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells, and of course, these findings are pathognomonic for lipodermatosclerosis, especially in this clinical setting. Personally, in my practice, I see a lot more biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}, {'entity': 'membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pathognomonic findings', 'concept_id': 'C2986472', 'confidence': 0.7794376611709595}, {'entity': 'lipodermatosclerosis', 'concept_id': 'C0406500', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_593", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008432", "caption": "The stroma has a myxoid appearance.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_14476891-beb9-4811-a058-3c775a1b4992.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, where's the non-epithelial? Like the myxoid type of stroma. Oh, the stroma's got kind of a myxoid. Okay, that's fine. What about the actual neoplastic cells? I thought they are epithelial. Yeah, what kind of differentiation is this? They look like glandular. Yeah, glandular differentiation. So what is your differential when you're dealing with a neoplasm with glandular differentiation? Is this benign or malignant? Honestly, the first thing I thought this could be some sort of weird myxoid tumor. Weird myxoid tumor?", "corrected_text": " Okay, where's the non-epithelial? Like the myxoid type of stroma. Oh, the stroma's got kind of a myxoid. Okay, that's fine. What about the actual neoplastic cells? I thought they are epithelial. Yeah, what kind of differentiation is this? They look like glandular. Yeah, glandular differentiation. So what is your differential when you're dealing with a neoplasm with glandular differentiation? Is this benign or malignant? Honestly, the first thing I thought this could be some sort of weird myxoid tumor. Weird myxoid tumor?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'neoplastic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0597032', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glandular differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1711212', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glandular differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1711212', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_594", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008592", "caption": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_595", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005290", "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5b62248d-3cea-4103-9edc-5e92e3253386.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei', 'nuclei']", "noisy_text": " and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of", "corrected_text": " and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mucinous tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial islands', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 0.675740122795105}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_596", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004511", "caption": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "corrected_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'age', 'concept_id': 'C0001779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dependence', 'concept_id': 'C0011546', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_597", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004740", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_598", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005502", "caption": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'dermis']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_599", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007237", "caption": "Small cell carcinoma adjacent to high-grade prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['bladder neck', 'prostate', 'biopsy']", "noisy_text": " And it actually invaded into the bladder. So there was bladder-neck invasion. That was very, very important to document in the report. It's not just good enough to say small cell carcinoma adjacent high-grade prostate cancer. You need to also document the fact that it invades the bladder-neck. That's very, very important for completeness. So on this one, I have just a little biopsy here to show you. So this is a prostate-needle-cored biopsy. That's what this was called, prostate-needle-cored biopsy. And as", "corrected_text": " And it actually invaded into the bladder. So there was bladder-neck invasion. That was very, very important to document in the report. It's not just good enough to say small cell carcinoma adjacent high-grade prostate cancer. You need to also document the fact that it invades the bladder-neck. That's very, very important for completeness. So on this one, I have just a little biopsy here to show you. So this is a prostate needle biopsy-cored biopsy. That's what this was called, prostate needle biopsy-cored biopsy. And as", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}], [{'entity': 'Bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_600", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005620", "caption": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_f1e52b92-f100-4694-8fb9-5f626b589ad4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "corrected_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'expressed', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sensitive', 'concept_id': 'C0020517', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'marker', 'concept_id': 'C0005516', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_601", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008701", "caption": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_602", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1006426", "caption": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina', 'Vein and artery identification', 'Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina']", "noisy_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Severe', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sizes', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'narrowing', 'concept_id': 'C0332463', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_603", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008720", "caption": "Papillary projections protrude into the lumina.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['siderophages']", "noisy_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "corrected_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'lumina', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.845600426197052}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': \"patch stage Kaposi's\", 'concept_id': 'C0280201', 'confidence': 0.7629613280296326}], [{'entity': 'HHV8', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_604", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008346", "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity is observed in the stratified region.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of cellular polarity in the stratified region', 'Cribriform pattern', 'Intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium within a single gland.', 'Intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium within a single gland.']", "noisy_text": " So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here you can see cribriformic. What happens in cribriformic? It is not crowded back to back glands. It is epithelial growth within your gland. This itself is a single gland. Within that gland, this epithelium is growing and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very,", "corrected_text": " So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here you can see cribriform. What happens in cribriform? It is not crowded back to back glands. It is epithelial growth within your gland. This itself is a single gland. Within that gland, this epithelium is growing and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium is very,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified region', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 0.800367534160614}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Epithelial growth', 'concept_id': 'C1271404', 'confidence': 0.8868558406829834}, {'entity': 'single gland', 'concept_id': 'C0037179', 'confidence': 0.775238573551178}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_605", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006402", "caption": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_606", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005697", "caption": "Increased cellularity may be present in some cases, but pre-treatment with radiation can cause changes in the tissue that make it difficult to diagnose. Treatment options may not differ significantly based on the diagnosis.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c2fccb8d-1a3a-4449-b4c9-281b35a4eccf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " And I've had occasional times on a needle where I said, there's a little increased cellularity. I don't know if it's enough to be round cell or not. The problem is if they pre-treat with radiation, a lot of the stuff melts away, including the round cell. So the excision specimen, there's no way to really know. It's not like there's any real major difference though. It's not like we have some special therapy to offer. The treatment's gonna be probably the same. Although I've seen times where they decided to only", "corrected_text": " And I've had occasional times on a needle where I said, there's a little increased cellularity. I don't know if it's enough to be round cell or not. The problem is if they pre-treat with radiation, a lot of the stuff melts away, including the round cell. So the excision specimen, there's no way to really know. It's not like there's any real major difference though. It's not like we have some special therapy to offer. The treatment's gonna be probably the same. Although I've seen times where they decided to only", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pre-treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0419819', 'confidence': 0.7933163046836853}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Treatment options', 'concept_id': 'C0683525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_607", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008476", "caption": "The tumor can be confused with neurofibromas and desmoid fibromatosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c646b41c-ab96-4a62-9308-500ccefd6ffd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['spindle cell thing', 'neurofibromas', 'pinkish bland appearance', 'pink fibrous background', 'fibroblastic looking', 'spindle cell thing', 'neurofibromas', 'pinkish bland appearance', 'pink fibrous background', 'fibroblastic looking']", "noisy_text": " misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call something just fibroma not otherwise specified just because you see a spindle cell thing that looks fibroblastic and benign and you don't have a good name for it. That doesn't mean it's a fibroma, that's the way that tumors like this get missed. And the other thing is that these can get confused for neurofibromas so that pinkish bland appearance and the pink fibrous background can easily get confused with other things. Also desmoid fibromatosis, I've got a video about that, I'll put a link down in the video description below, you can watch that if you're curious about desmoid tumors. Those are all fibrous fibroblastic tumors that are tumors with a fibroblastic looking background that", "corrected_text": " misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call something just fibroma not otherwise specified just because you see a spindle cell thing that looks fibroblastic and benign and you don't have a good name for it. That doesn't mean it's a fibroma, that's the way that tumors like this get missed. And the other thing is that these can get confused for neurofibromas so that pinkish bland appearance and the pink fibrous background can easily get confused with other things. Also desmoid fibromatosis, I've got a video about that, I'll put a link down in the video description below, you can watch that if you're curious about desmoid tumors. Those are all fibrous fibroblastic tumors that are tumors with a fibroblastic looking background that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'danger', 'concept_id': 'C1428845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'neurofibromas', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoid', 'concept_id': 'C0079218', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016048', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Desmoid fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0079218', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_608", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004856", "caption": "Ectatic vessels are present in the papillary dermis with pallor consistent with edema and perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_12fbbe53-4b6b-44c3-b6aa-ff4f21a71e8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "corrected_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ectatic vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7720959186553955}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pallor', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_609", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004303", "caption": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_a77819b1-4779-43cd-b68e-86b89b08d3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUSDDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "corrected_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUS-DDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 0.7855618000030518}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS-DDIT3', 'concept_id': 'C1852061', 'confidence': 0.894819438457489}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_610", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006540", "caption": "Pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['superficial perivascular infiltrate', 'epidermis', 'basement of the rete ridge pattern', 'basal cell change along the DEJ', 'dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer', 'papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the Reedy ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced bacular change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "corrected_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the rete ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proximal extremity', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 0.745482325553894}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidural change', 'concept_id': 'C0228134', 'confidence': 0.7621071338653564}], [{'entity': 'Thin epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4231265', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'rete', 'concept_id': 'C0010306', 'confidence': 0.7033917903900146}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}], [{'entity': 'Scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_611", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004985", "caption": "Metastasis can recur or metastasize long after diagnosis, often to the lung or pleura.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "corrected_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surgical resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.7712292075157166}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'disease course', 'concept_id': 'C0242656', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_612", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007698", "caption": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96db8195-9fd3-493b-af2d-cae6a387df27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_613", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004878", "caption": "High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was found to be intimately associated with small cell carcinoma in this case.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma intimately associated with small cell carcinoma.']", "noisy_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "corrected_text": " sometimes you get bladder neck tissue in the same sample. And when we have a discussion tomorrow about the bladder cases, the same thing happens in the bladder. You can get a so-called TUR-BT sample that has prostate tissue present. In the prostate, you can have a TUR-P sample that has bladder neck tissue present. And in this particular case, as I said, we were fortunate enough to have high-grade conventional prostate cancer intimately associated with this small cell carcinoma. So it's most likely the differentiation of that. But there are some cases in which there is no well-differentiated or conventional cancer anywhere. All you see is small cell. And then the clinicians may ask, where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prostate? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes it's a challenge. Some of us would say it's probably an academic question because they're going to be treated the same way. But sometimes our clinical colleagues want to know. Because things like androgen deprivation therapy are off the table if it's coming from the prostate. And there are different ways one can figure that out. If you're fortunate enough to have egg expression, because studies have shown this, if you're fortunate enough", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate tissue', 'concept_id': 'C1514521', 'confidence': 0.8824390769004822}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3642254', 'confidence': 0.7883367538452148}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conventional', 'concept_id': 'C0439858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'present', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0149925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'decisions', 'concept_id': 'C0679006', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_614", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007633", "caption": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes', 'Heavily pigmented melanophages', 'Sclerotic stroma', 'Combined melanocytic nevus with features of common/benign nevus and blue nevus', 'Dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vascals. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanovagias, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "corrected_text": " or fusiform-shaped nuclei. They're arranged in short, intersecting vessels. And in between the dendritic and spindled melanocytes, we have very heavily pigmented melanophages, all set in a sclerotic stroma. So basically, we have here a combined melanocytic nevus, one that has features of both a common or banal nevus and a blue nevus. And this is amongst the most common type of combined melanocytic nevus. By definition, a combined melanocytic nevus has at least two, sometimes more, distinct clonal populations of melanocytes that have a different morphology. And sometimes this is referred to as a true blue nevus because it's a true nevus or a banal nevus and a blue nevus. But it's possible to have all kinds of combinations. We can get a blue nevus with a spitz nevus. We can get balloon cell nevi. Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206736', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Contains', 'concept_id': 'C0332256', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'clonal populations', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 0.8110582232475281}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'combinations', 'concept_id': 'C0453882', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_615", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004899", "caption": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_616", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006543", "caption": "Proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of the placenta.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_617", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008348", "caption": "Epithelial growth within a single gland is observed, connecting the other side of the lumen.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of cellular polarity in the stratified region', 'Cribriform pattern', 'Intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium within a single gland.', 'Intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium within a single gland.']", "noisy_text": " So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here you can see cribriformic. What happens in cribriformic? It is not crowded back to back glands. It is epithelial growth within your gland. This itself is a single gland. Within that gland, this epithelium is growing and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very,", "corrected_text": " So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here you can see cribriform. What happens in cribriform? It is not crowded back to back glands. It is epithelial growth within your gland. This itself is a single gland. Within that gland, this epithelium is growing and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intraluminal proliferation of the epithelium is very,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified region', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 0.800367534160614}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Epithelial growth', 'concept_id': 'C1271404', 'confidence': 0.8868558406829834}, {'entity': 'single gland', 'concept_id': 'C0037179', 'confidence': 0.775238573551178}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_618", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007328", "caption": "The patient in the case has an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement, indicated by a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_4c883a0b-0900-4bb1-bae0-28e3399d469b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['bladder involvement', 'positive digital rectal examination', 'elevated PSA level', 'aggressive tumor']", "noisy_text": " There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an aggressive tumor. It's very busy. It's a very busy slide. And I picked a particular spot for the photo I shared online. And as our world gets smaller, we need to keep an open mind when we", "corrected_text": " There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an aggressive tumor. It's very busy. It's a very busy slide. And I picked a particular spot for the photo I shared online. And as our world gets smaller, we need to keep an open mind when we", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggressive tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 0.8577925562858582}, {'entity': 'bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'level', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_619", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006388", "caption": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee45ecf0-e378-4efd-8115-209e7bb188d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle', 'skeletal muscle', 'spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms', 'atypical fibroxanthoma', 'neural tumors']", "noisy_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibrous anthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "corrected_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibroxanthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth', 'concept_id': 'C0205357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skeletal muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0242692', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatology', 'concept_id': 'C0011627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.8066584467887878}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neural tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 0.849646270275116}], [{'entity': 'Atypical fibroxanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596981', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_620", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004520", "caption": "Inflammation consists of histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['inflammation', 'histiocytes', 'plasma cells', 'neutrophils', 'lymphocytes', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " This is what I'm used to seeing in patients with STI proctitis, just a little bit in the way of inflammation, maybe some cryptitis here and there, but not to the degree that we saw in the previous case. The inflammation consists of, in the lamina propria, some histiocytes, plasma cells, and some neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that", "corrected_text": " This is what I'm used to seeing in patients with STI proctitis, just a little bit in the way of inflammation, maybe some cryptitis here and there, but not to the degree that we saw in the previous case. The inflammation consists of, in the lamina propria, some histiocytes, plasma cells, and some neutrophils and lymphocytes. And some cases have predominantly plasma cells in the lamina propria. Some cells have predominantly histiocytes in the lamina propria. I used to think when we started recognizing these that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_621", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008520", "caption": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e9958770-87f7-412e-ace5-f8aafa60a9e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_622", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006847", "caption": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dome-shaped papule', 'acral site', 'thick stratum corneum', 'absence of hair follicles', 'fibrovascular core', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'S100', 'SOX10', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit']", "noisy_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "corrected_text": " we've got a dome-shaped papule and that the biopsy is from an acral site. Notice that we've got a very very thick stratum corneum and a marked to virtual absence of hair follicles within the specimen. We do have kind of this fibrovascular core and of course in the center of the fibrovascular core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'acral site', 'concept_id': 'C0439746', 'confidence': 0.717435359954834}, {'entity': 'dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}], [{'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'fibrovascular', 'concept_id': 'C0392759', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.8332967758178711}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neural tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_623", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005191", "caption": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1973ba9f-6251-4c3e-b486-dd021cff0c72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "corrected_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0227351', 'confidence': 0.8191195130348206}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_624", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005091", "caption": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e71912cb-260c-4170-9a37-ecb328b6dddc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical', 'The size of the lesion is large', 'The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical', 'The size of the lesion is large']", "noisy_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? Epithelioid. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "corrected_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? epithelial. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neoplastic', 'concept_id': 'C1709160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'determined with', 'concept_id': 'C0521095', 'confidence': 0.8590028285980225}, {'entity': 'certainty', 'concept_id': 'C0205423', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'erosion', 'concept_id': 'C0333307', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'top', 'concept_id': 'C1420726', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_625", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008430", "caption": "The cells in the nevus are type A melanocytes, which are vesicular in appearance. This is a nevoid melanoma.", "image_path": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_03e35331-8aa2-4878-94dd-24ffdd5ddbd0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nevus cells at the top', 'Type A melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " nevus at the top you'd have type a nevus cells down at the bottom if this was a nevus in an old portion you'd probably have type c nevus cells where they look neural and they'd at least be type b where there'd be hyperchromatic nuclei and no cytoplasm but these these nevus cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that up and this is what it is this is a nevoid melanoma no i'm not going to go gazing looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present", "corrected_text": " nevus at the top you'd have type a nevus cells down at the bottom if this was a nevus in an old portion you'd probably have type c nevus cells where they look neural and they'd at least be type b where there'd be hyperchromatic nuclei and no cytoplasm but these these nevus cells or these melanocytes are vesicular that you like they're type a cells uh so you add all that up and this is what it is this is a nevoid melanoma no i'm not going to go gazing looking for mitotic triggers but uh they they they will be there if not in this section they'll be present", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevoid melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C1882081', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_626", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004741", "caption": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_627", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008317", "caption": "Histopathological description of a skin condition with predominance of histiocytes and lymphocytes.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes', 'face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "corrected_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'predominance', 'concept_id': 'C1835590', 'confidence': 0.8840479850769043}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomatous rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1275718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}, {'entity': 'papulopustular rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1449853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'telangiectatic type', 'concept_id': 'C4014149', 'confidence': 0.7599172592163086}, {'entity': 'rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_628", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008402", "caption": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6973991a-dbd2-4da3-a04b-d92d64c46031.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6', 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6']", "noisy_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'll expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "corrected_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrating', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STOMP', 'concept_id': 'C0056167', 'confidence': 0.6245664358139038}, {'entity': 'stromal tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0879615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'potential', 'concept_id': 'C3245505', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STOMPs', 'concept_id': 'C0577018', 'confidence': 0.6140404343605042}, {'entity': 'recur', 'concept_id': 'C0034897', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'progress', 'concept_id': 'C1272688', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1521760', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entities', 'concept_id': 'C0424215', 'confidence': 0.7521668672561646}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STAT6', 'concept_id': 'C0297890', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_629", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004941", "caption": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_71f1eab7-973d-4fce-9257-2955683001f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so in-depth because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "corrected_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so detailed because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Uniform cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.6272867321968079}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neurofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_630", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004362", "caption": "Glands are equally distant from each other and trying to retain their shapes overall, but there is some architectural distortion.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_880addef-67c7-4dc5-9f74-cc5755fdcaba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['glands are trying to keep their shapes', 'lamina propria is expanded', 'degree of architectural distortion', 'inflammatory lamina propria', 'glands are trying to keep their shapes', 'lamina propria is expanded', 'degree of architectural distortion', 'inflammatory lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " There's a little bit of distortion. I would give you that. But overall, the glands are trying to keep their distance. They're equally distant one from another and they're trying to keep their shapes overall. I wouldn't say the architecture is perfect, but overall, they're trying to retain it. And you mentioned whether this was from the right or left. And that's a good question. I would say, since this is from the rectum, the lamina propria is actually expanded. So, I would say it's too cellular for rectum. So, I think IBD would be definitely in the differential with that degree of architectural distortion maybe, but with that degree of inflammatory lamina propria expansion. But let's look", "corrected_text": " There's a little bit of distortion. I would give you that. But overall, the glands are trying to keep their distance. They're equally distant one from another and they're trying to keep their shapes overall. I wouldn't say the architecture is perfect, but overall, they're trying to retain it. And you mentioned whether this was from the right or left. And that's a good question. I would say, since this is from the rectum, the lamina propria is actually expanded. So, I would say it's too cellular for rectum. So, I think IBD would be definitely in the differential with that degree of architectural distortion maybe, but with that degree of inflammatory lamina propria expansion. But let's look", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'distant', 'concept_id': 'C0443203', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shapes', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'overall', 'concept_id': 'C0282416', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory', 'concept_id': 'C0333348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_631", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004642", "caption": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria', 'muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_632", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008024", "caption": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_633", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006803", "caption": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_634", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007066", "caption": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fdb04429-baf7-424c-aa57-212bda9c4184.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost", "corrected_text": " flipped here you can see this unique collagen pattern in this particular tumor. And I don't know but I kind of suspect that these collagen rosettes may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that we see around smaller vessels like I showed in that tumor the example earlier that this may just be a more dramatic example. Now one other tumor that might enter the differential here is the so-called neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma or neurilomoma neuroblastoma-like schwannoma. It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Unique', 'concept_id': 'C1710548', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neuroblastoma-like variant', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6672105193138123}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'differential', 'concept_id': 'C0443199', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_635", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008596", "caption": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_823fcef0-798a-483a-ac1c-6b76d266e446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm']", "noisy_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSB, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "corrected_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSP, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Caution', 'concept_id': 'C1882442', 'confidence': 0.7039048671722412}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'recommendation', 'concept_id': 'C0034866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184922', 'confidence': 0.8345454335212708}, {'entity': 'dealing', 'concept_id': 'C0556449', 'confidence': 0.7019717693328857}, {'entity': 'soft tissue neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_636", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009256", "caption": "Histopathological description of chronic colitis with activity and granulomas in the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3d654da7-aeca-49f7-83ba-b20d697619bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['cryptitis', 'cryptitis', 'crypt abscess', 'variation in size', 'granulomas in the lamina propria', 'variation in size']", "noisy_text": " If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and cryptopsis. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious,", "corrected_text": " If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Here it is a cryptitis and crypt abscess. And the glands are also pushed well apart. The glands are showing variation in size, shape, distribution. So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'esophagus', 'concept_id': 'C0014876', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0014335', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_637", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006370", "caption": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_638", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006269", "caption": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_639", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004287", "caption": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e20fd6c-5a2b-4179-a0e8-65900ee18335.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dermis', 'round oval nuclei', 'cytoplasm', 'dermis', 'sclerotic stroma', 'melanocytes', 'melanophages', 'dendritic', 'spindle-shaped']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_640", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007136", "caption": "Description of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with sclerotic areas and variability in cellularity.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fe93b661-03d4-4bcb-8518-c7b5f0869011.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sclerotic areas', 'cellular zone', 'hypocellular sclerotic collagen rich zone']", "noisy_text": " So again I'm just and oh this is a good example too of how you can have those sclerotic zones that are look at the transition there from really quite cellular in this case much more cellular than usual transitioning into sclerotic zone that you might if you weren't familiar with this tumor you might actually not even recognize that this is really part of the tumor but it is look at this area here these are tumor cells mingling in to just a very hypocellular sclerotic collagen rich zone in this example of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So this is I think a really good one from low power to see the variability in the cellularity and in", "corrected_text": " So again I'm just and oh this is a good example too of how you can have those sclerotic zones that are look at the transition there from really quite cellular in this case much more cellular than usual transitioning into sclerotic zone that you might if you weren't familiar with this tumor you might actually not even recognize that this is really part of the tumor but it is look at this area here these are tumor cells mingling in to just a very hypocellular sclerotic collagen rich zone in this example of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So this is I think a really good one from low power to see the variability in the cellularity and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variability', 'concept_id': 'C2827666', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_641", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007245", "caption": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_642", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008436", "caption": "Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade round cell morphology.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branchy stuff and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "corrected_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branching and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Radiation treatment', 'concept_id': 'C1522449', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vascular branching', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7225151658058167}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipoblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225323', 'confidence': 0.8551441431045532}, {'entity': 'myxoid change', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.815497636795044}], [{'entity': 'Needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pre-treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0419819', 'confidence': 0.7933163046836853}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade round cell', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.7649602890014648}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lungs', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_643", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008573", "caption": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1ee54613-6bec-4dbb-9e02-7d53f141620e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Metastasis to the lung or pleura']", "noisy_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "corrected_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surgical resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.7712292075157166}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'disease course', 'concept_id': 'C0242656', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_644", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005819", "caption": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_645", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007998", "caption": "Foreign bodies can also cause sarcoid reactions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'foreign bodies', 'involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'foreign bodies']", "noisy_text": " Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't it here that we, not long ago, we saw a sarcoidal reaction for a foreign body? Yeah, there are several foreign bodies that can do it. Silica can", "corrected_text": " Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The non-caseating? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoid granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't it here that we, not long ago, we saw a sarcoid reaction for a foreign body? Yeah, there are several foreign bodies that can do it. Silica can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged', 'concept_id': 'C1881662', 'confidence': 0.8042823076248169}, {'entity': 'nerves', 'concept_id': 'C0027740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-risk', 'concept_id': 'C0556482', 'confidence': 0.9005044102668762}, {'entity': 'inflammatory reactions', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 0.9414709806442261}], [{'entity': 'Foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_646", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008802", "caption": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_647", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005892", "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation and sebaceoma.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_dc97fc88-1339-4708-a31f-d20e7045a8bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any sebaceous neoplasm, I guess you have to have meritoria in the back of your mind, but I don't know if you really need to worry about it. There's a lot of debate on just kind of using your clinical acumen as far as staining, if you guys don't stain every single sebaceous neoplasm. Yeah, and that's generally true, but if", "corrected_text": " So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any sebaceous neoplasm, I guess you have to have meritoria in the back of your mind, but I don't know if you really need to worry about it. There's a lot of debate on just kind of using your clinical acumen as far as staining, if you guys don't stain every single sebaceous neoplasm. Yeah, and that's generally true, but if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceous neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0036503', 'confidence': 0.9154399633407593}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'meritoria', 'concept_id': 'C1057424', 'confidence': 0.6892908811569214}], [{'entity': 'Clinical acumen', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.7179506421089172}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0036503', 'confidence': 0.9154399633407593}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_648", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006218", "caption": "Description of fibromyxoid stroma and diffuse dissection throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even like a serendoma. A serendoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire serendoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the serendoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromucinous. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "corrected_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricholemmoma or even like a syringoma. A syringoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire syringoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the syringoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromyxoid. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.8987292051315308}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse dissection', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.7718934416770935}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_649", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005331", "caption": "KI67 can be used to distinguish basal cell hyperplasia from basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_881f5e73-0dd4-4feb-a638-26240b0dc364.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'KI67 expression']", "noisy_text": " fairly well circumscribed, no increased mitotic activity. Because one of the things you can do to distinguish if you're not sure is a KI67. KI67 will be very low in basal cell hyperplasia. Even fluorid basal cell hyperplasia should not have a very high KI67 expression. In contrast, basal cell carcinoma, as no surprise, is actually with a high KI67 level. So that's something else. In cases in which one is struggling, that's something that may be helpful. Let me see. Yeah, this is just another example of basal cell hyperplasia. This is in a Terp specimen. So it's not uncommon to", "corrected_text": " fairly well circumscribed, no increased mitotic activity. Because one of the things you can do to distinguish if you're not sure is a KI67. KI67 will be very low in basal cell hyperplasia. Even fluorid basal cell hyperplasia should not have a very high KI67 expression. In contrast, basal cell carcinoma, as no surprise, is actually with a high KI67 level. So that's something else. In cases in which one is struggling, that's something that may be helpful. Let me see. Yeah, this is just another example of basal cell hyperplasia. This is in a Terp specimen. So it's not uncommon to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Fairly', 'concept_id': 'C4086298', 'confidence': 0.9045276641845703}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'KI67', 'concept_id': 'C1334508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_650", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007621", "caption": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_18a785c8-9d4e-4bed-8ce4-7bfac5084f2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_651", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008518", "caption": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_5161d79a-4817-48f7-b587-ce9234422c5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['subepidermal bullous lesion', 'bullous pemphigoid', 'microscope', 'pregnant woman', 'immunofluorescence pattern', 'Ig', 'C3']", "noisy_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "corrected_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Subepidermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221935', 'confidence': 0.8599841594696045}, {'entity': 'bullous lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bullous pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gestation', 'concept_id': 'C0032961', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pregnant woman', 'concept_id': 'C0033011', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immunofluorescence pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0016318', 'confidence': 0.8741495609283447}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Ig', 'concept_id': 'C0021027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'C3', 'concept_id': 'C1305853', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_652", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006195", "caption": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer', 'loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_653", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005933", "caption": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_654", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008123", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_655", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004910", "caption": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_28ef14be-0add-40bb-a12d-4686de00f1ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung.']", "noisy_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "corrected_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid-like granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0333419', 'confidence': 0.7742165923118591}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TNF', 'concept_id': 'C0812246', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'concept_id': 'C0038013', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'risk factors', 'concept_id': 'C0035648', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TB', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ACE', 'concept_id': 'C0050385', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_656", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004251", "caption": "The myxoid areas in the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma look different from the fibrous areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. Myxofibrosarcomas are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "corrected_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. myxofibrosarcoma are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Evans tumor', 'concept_id': 'C2697858', 'confidence': 0.6359843015670776}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'aneuploidy', 'concept_id': 'C0002938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'random', 'concept_id': 'C0034656', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gains', 'concept_id': 'C1517378', 'confidence': 0.7974324226379395}, {'entity': 'losses', 'concept_id': 'C0018840', 'confidence': 0.786555290222168}], [{'entity': 'myxoid areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.8464413285255432}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'fibrous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.783623218536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_657", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008182", "caption": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinization may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_658", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009445", "caption": "The nuclei are reaching the middle third and maintaining polarity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_89087849-ec8f-4550-8740-0151d00b6738.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "corrected_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'started', 'concept_id': 'C1272689', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_659", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006859", "caption": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes', 'Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_660", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004485", "caption": "Trichofolliculoma with miniaturized hair follicles and prominent stroma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_047f29e5-94de-455a-a3af-e7e5ce33dfc8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicles', 'prominent stroma']", "noisy_text": " This is another lesion, okay. And this one is kind of cut in cross section, but this one had a lot of little miniaturized follicles here. And each one of these is surrounded by this kind of fairly prominent stroma. This is sort of a tricofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the tricofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you", "corrected_text": " This is another lesion, okay. And this one is kind of cut in cross section, but this one had a lot of little miniaturized follicles here. And each one of these is surrounded by this kind of fairly prominent stroma. This is sort of a trichofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the trichofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Trichofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'miniaturized hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.7287319302558899}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_661", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005403", "caption": "Presence of neutrophils in surface epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['hemorrhage', 'extensive ulceration', 'hemorrhage', 'gastric mucosa', 'willy-formed changes', 'chemical gastritis', 'antrum', 'pylorus', 'neutrophils']", "noisy_text": " Extensive ulceration and hemorrhage. As far as the poisoning, any other chemicals, or any chemotherapy, clinical history is very, very important to make a exact diagnosis. This is the surface epithelial changes where the surface looks more willy-formed. This is a gastric, if it is small intestine, then it is fine, but this is a gastric mucosa. You see a lot of willy-formed changes. These willy-formed changes are very important in the diagnosis of chemical gastritis if the biopsy is taken from the antrum or pylorus. What happens there? The bile is trying to come into the stomach, so the stomach is trying to become small intestine. That's why you see willy-formed changes in the chemical gastritis. Here, what do you see in the surface epithelium? See, a lot of neutrophils are sitting. Remember, I told you, this is", "corrected_text": " Extensive ulceration and hemorrhage. As far as the poisoning, any other chemicals, or any chemotherapy, clinical history is very, very important to make a exact diagnosis. This is the surface epithelial changes where the surface looks more willy-formed. This is a gastric, if it is small intestine, then it is fine, but this is a gastric mucosa. You see a lot of willy-formed changes. These willy-formed changes are very important in the diagnosis of chemical gastritis if the biopsy is taken from the antrum or pylorus. What happens there? The bile is trying to come into the stomach, so the stomach is trying to become small intestine. That's why you see willy-formed changes in the chemical gastritis. Here, what do you see in the surface epithelium? See, a lot of neutrophils are sitting. Remember, I told you, this is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extensive', 'concept_id': 'C0205231', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ulceration', 'concept_id': 'C0041582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemorrhage', 'concept_id': 'C0019080', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Clinical history', 'concept_id': 'C5204342', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poisoning', 'concept_id': 'C0032343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exposure to', 'concept_id': 'C0332157', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemicals', 'concept_id': 'C0220806', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial changes', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 0.7544435858726501}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'antrum', 'concept_id': 'C0034193', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pylorus', 'concept_id': 'C0034196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_662", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009104", "caption": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lymphocytes', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'cytoplasm']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_663", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005424", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc3ed701-9eb6-43b7-962b-73d799d61318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['ulnar aspect of the fifth digit']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_664", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008006", "caption": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation', 'sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_665", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005821", "caption": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_666", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008224", "caption": "Vesicular nuclei are usually accompanied by a nucleoli.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'vesicular nuclei', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin']", "noisy_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleomatin. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very dark-staining. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained nuclei, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "corrected_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very hyperchromatic. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained areas, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like copper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0453397', 'confidence': 0.5605897903442383}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206695', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0682537', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 0.7025638818740845}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206754', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_667", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008046", "caption": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_00149080-9436-445e-9c8c-ee023801ce61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess', 'Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_668", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008106", "caption": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ae28a03a-1833-459f-98f6-722483ce7f44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibroblastic looking cells']", "noisy_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytologically. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "corrected_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytology. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign-looking tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0086692', 'confidence': 0.5747699737548828}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 0.8876925110816956}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_669", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007433", "caption": "Possible presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils and degenerating vacuoles.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "corrected_text": " they're receiving radiation, is a lot of eosinophils and even intracryptal eosinophilic microapses. You don't see a lot in the way of neutrophils. You may see some neutrophils in the cytoplasm of the nuclei, like intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils, but not really neutrophilic microapses. And the other thing you might see is intracytoplasmic vacuoles degenerating vacuoles. So, this is a good example of chemotherapy associated colitis, a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease. Oh, this is a good one. With that degree, the mild degree of architectural distortion is what's making me fall short of saying this is for sure IBD. So, I would be descriptive and I would say, you know,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracryptal', 'concept_id': 'C3315370', 'confidence': 0.626490592956543}, {'entity': 'microapses', 'concept_id': 'C0700712', 'confidence': 0.5626617074012756}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracytoplasmic', 'concept_id': 'C0230649', 'confidence': 0.8670988082885742}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degenerating', 'concept_id': 'C0011164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C0042219', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degree', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_670", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007672", "caption": "The lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma is stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa such as sebaceous and sweat glands.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Cheesy sebaceous material surrounding the cyst.', 'Stratified squamous epithelium lining of the mature cystic teratoma.']", "noisy_text": " material that is cheesy sebaceous material that is surrounding this cyst. So this is a typical gross picture of a dermoid cyst or the cystic teratoma, mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. This is the histological picture of this mature cystic teratoma. The lining epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium along with the skin adenexa that are the sebaceous glands and the sweat glands. So this is all about the mature cystic. Then the germ cell tumors, malignant germ cell tumors, these are rare. 3% of the ovarian cancers are malignant germ cell tumors.", "corrected_text": " material that is cheesy sebaceous material that is surrounding this cyst. So this is a typical gross picture of a dermoid cyst or the cystic teratoma, mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. This is the histological picture of this mature cystic teratoma. The lining epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium along with the skin adnexa that are the sebaceous glands and the sweat glands. So this is all about the mature cystic. Then the germ cell tumors, malignant germ cell tumors, these are rare. 30% of the ovarian cancers are malignant germ cell tumors.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'material', 'concept_id': 'C0520510', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cheesy', 'concept_id': 'C0423381', 'confidence': 0.7845876812934875}, {'entity': 'sebaceous material', 'concept_id': 'C0221947', 'confidence': 0.7280718088150024}, {'entity': 'dermoid cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lining', 'concept_id': 'C0205132', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0221909', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin adnexa', 'concept_id': 'C0001575', 'confidence': 0.8680230379104614}, {'entity': 'sebaceous', 'concept_id': 'C0221947', 'confidence': 0.8709007501602173}, {'entity': 'sweat glands', 'concept_id': 'C0038989', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignant germ cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C4048549', 'confidence': 0.9233970046043396}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovarian cancers', 'concept_id': 'C1140680', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_671", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006659", "caption": "The neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma can be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, but can be differentiated by S100 staining. Schwannoma is a benign tumor with a small round blue cell appearance.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5d5befad-1fd0-4a79-913a-f6bd875ddb25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Schwannoma', 'neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'S100 staining', 'Schwannoma']", "noisy_text": " people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and positive in the schwannoma so just important to recognize that that's one other tumor that can have collagen rosettes like that are kind of like this. There is", "corrected_text": " people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and positive in the schwannoma so just important to recognize that that's one other tumor that can have collagen rosettes like that are kind of like this. There is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6672105193138123}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100 staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 0.6653134822845459}, {'entity': 'Schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0086692', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round blue cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 0.7703027129173279}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_672", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008195", "caption": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_af7719ff-5684-4e3e-a43c-d9d7216a2548.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle', 'dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle']", "noisy_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "corrected_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign papule', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7019047737121582}, {'entity': 'dilated blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferating sebaceous lobules', 'concept_id': 'C0221946', 'confidence': 0.7654090523719788}, {'entity': 'components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 0.7906183004379272}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_673", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008301", "caption": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_674", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006221", "caption": "Endothelial cells are enlarged and plump.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_675", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005931", "caption": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_676", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007247", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_677", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008334", "caption": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff', 'lamina propria', 'pseudomembranes', 'ischemia', 'C. diff']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had Clostridioides difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How long does it take for the lamina propria to become pink? I don't know, but longer. So C. diff. Oh, another mimic of ischemia. And you can see why this mimics ischemia. The lamina propria is kind of pink and hyalinized. On top of that, there's actually some architectural distortion. This", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excluded', 'concept_id': 'C0332196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'C. diff', 'concept_id': 'C0238106', 'confidence': 0.8398770093917847}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'architectural changes', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.7067119479179382}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_678", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008717", "caption": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ba0204fe-74f3-4de7-883a-70f79613c8aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Stratified nuclei reaching middle third', 'Nuclei traveling in one direction', 'Maintained polarity', 'No prominent nuclei', 'No cribriform/micropapillary formation']", "noisy_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriformic or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "corrected_text": " And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one is no prominent nuclei. Nuclei are not prominent. And the fourth point is, no cribriform pattern or micropapillary formation. So the predominant features you see here is the maintained polarity, nuclei reaching", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'stratified cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 0.7615563869476318}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform/micropapillary formation', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.5390191674232483}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_679", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005846", "caption": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13d38800-3698-413a-b008-820a0a473b9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Granulomas in the lamina propria', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach', 'Cytoplasmic inclusions', 'Lymphoid follicles in the stomach']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic colitis with activity. These are granulomas in the lamina propria. Think of tuberculosis in India, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, or idiopathic, or foreign bodies. So those are all the four main things. Any granuloma, infectious or non-infectious. When infectious, is it necrotizing or non-necrotizing? Lymphoid follicles, again, abnormal in the stomach. And they are seen in the lamina propria, chronic gastroenteritis. You can all identify these beautiful inclusions. And some cytoplasmic inclusions also, nuclear and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267375', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'activity', 'concept_id': 'C0026606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tuberculosis', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fungal infections', 'concept_id': 'C0026946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'idiopathic', 'concept_id': 'C0332240', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'foreign bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0016542', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lymphoid follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0229654', 'confidence': 0.9380706548690796}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic gastroenteritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017160', 'confidence': 0.8353270292282104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_680", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006016", "caption": "Neurotropism and microcystic adnexal carcinoma commonly involve nerves.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Lesion dissecting throughout the dermis', 'No nerve involvement observed', 'Sclerosing epithelial neoplasms', 'Deep biopsy necessary for definitive diagnosis']", "noisy_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic anexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "corrected_text": " So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see any nerve involvement in this case but it's very common to get neurotropism and microcystic adnexal carcinoma. So I'm not gonna belabor the differential diagnosis of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasms but you need to know that. And you need to know that you need to take a good deep biopsy in order to make a definitive diagnosis or you won't get a definitive diagnosis. And there's no stain that helps. Everybody says, oh, you can do a T63 or this and the other, looking for Merkel cells or CK20. I've never found any of these things to be helpful. And the other differential that sometimes comes up is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neurotropism', 'concept_id': 'C1518304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nerves', 'concept_id': 'C0027740', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'deep biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0185285', 'confidence': 0.8188310265541077}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'No stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.8399802446365356}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_681", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004527", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0950091-4fb6-4609-8e92-4dbb4c12c9f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis']", "noisy_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "corrected_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granuloma', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Re-biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.6681398749351501}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_682", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009099", "caption": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils', 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_683", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008110", "caption": "Negative MUC4 stain suggests cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "corrected_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}, {'entity': 'needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}], [{'entity': 'Complete', 'concept_id': 'C0205197', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_684", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006437", "caption": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c1d5f272-fea4-4df3-ad6a-3a2d34ca509d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUSDDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "corrected_text": " in regular conventional myxoid liposarcoma. You see these little cells, they are also very bland. Again, a translocation sarcoma, right? So these cells have a translocation. FUS-DDIT3 used to be called FUSCHOP, was the most common one. Occasionally a subset of them like 5% or so will have EWSR1, Ewing's gene rearranged with DDIT3. And so if you haven't learned yet that a lot of times if there's a rearrangement of EWSR1 with some other gene, eventually someone's gonna find cases that have FUS rearranged with that same gene and vice versa because FUS and EWSR1 are similar genes, a kind of same gene family, which again, this is way over my head, I'm not a molecular pathologist. But the point is they often swap out for one another. So that's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 0.7855618000030518}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS-DDIT3', 'concept_id': 'C1852061', 'confidence': 0.894819438457489}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_685", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008111", "caption": "Complete tumor removal makes it easy to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "corrected_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}, {'entity': 'needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}], [{'entity': 'Complete', 'concept_id': 'C0205197', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_686", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006968", "caption": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f42e1c55-b1f3-439b-8bfc-72791c93176b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_687", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004666", "caption": "The patient had a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['teratoma component', 'prostate', 'bladder', 'positive digital rectal examination', 'elevated PSA level']", "noisy_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, semi-normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "corrected_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'level', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_688", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006026", "caption": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_689", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006879", "caption": "Rare cases of cysts may have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance or even osteosarcomatous areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this is the one that's going to be easy to misdiagnose and diagnose it as something benign when it's actually malignant. So again here look at the alternation more cellular stuff less cellular stuff very helpful to see this kind of zonation in swirling intermingling of more and less cellular areas of pink fibrous areas and", "corrected_text": " There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this is the one that's going to be easy to misdiagnose and diagnose it as something benign when it's actually malignant. So again here look at the alternation more cellular stuff less cellular stuff very helpful to see this kind of zonation in swirling intermingling of more and less cellular areas of pink fibrous areas and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cysts', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'osteosarcomatous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0279602', 'confidence': 0.7822340130805969}], [{'entity': 'pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cysts', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Zonation', 'concept_id': 'C0019360', 'confidence': 0.7375882267951965}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}, {'entity': 'pink fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.7378140091896057}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_690", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006904", "caption": "Ectatic vessels are present in the papillary dermis with pallor consistent with edema and perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells', 'ectatic vessels', 'papillary dermis', 'perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes', 'collections of immune cells', 'narrow cuff of mononuclear cells']", "noisy_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "corrected_text": " and we'll take a look at two of them, you had to review similar findings, bisected punch. And as expected, there are ectatic vessels here. Let me tilt the slide here. And the papillary dermis, a little bit of pallor consistent with edema, a little bit of a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. And then present throughout the dermis, there are a few collections of epithelioid histiocytes. Here, there's one right there. And down here, we have another collection of epithelioid histiocytes. These are surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells, but many", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ectatic vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7720959186553955}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pallor', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edema', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Collections', 'concept_id': 'C0600644', 'confidence': 0.8663196563720703}, {'entity': 'immune cells', 'concept_id': 'C4330475', 'confidence': 0.8268961906433105}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cuff', 'concept_id': 'C0441107', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mononuclear cells', 'concept_id': 'C0806987', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_691", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1004591", "caption": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_692", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009220", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_693", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006422", "caption": "Severe dysplasia seen in resection.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina', 'Vein and artery identification', 'Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina']", "noisy_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Severe', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sizes', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'narrowing', 'concept_id': 'C0332463', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_694", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008177", "caption": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_695", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008208", "caption": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6d531ab3-9793-4f54-aa26-8e480f237723.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_696", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008939", "caption": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Pigmented histiocytes with hemocyanin pigment', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes', 'Size of particles within histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocentaurant rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocentaurant is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "corrected_text": " in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocyanin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images. But one clue to the fact that we're dealing with hemocyanin rather than melanin, not only is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes, but if you look at the size of the particles within the histiocytes, they're markedly variable. So the hemocyanin is of course a breakdown product of the RBCs. And you can see that we've got small granules next to very large, chunky granules. Melanin pigment on the other hand, which of course can be found in melanophages or histiocytes containing the particles, the melanin granules tend to be more uniform in size. And of course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breakdown', 'concept_id': 'C0699900', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'product', 'concept_id': 'C1254351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RBCs', 'concept_id': 'C0014792', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'particles', 'concept_id': 'C0597177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variable', 'concept_id': 'C0439828', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Special stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.7105166912078857}, {'entity': 'Prussian blue', 'concept_id': 'C0060234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Fontana-Masson', 'concept_id': 'C0060631', 'confidence': 0.9090515375137329}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_697", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004212", "caption": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_698", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005937", "caption": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_0970f7df-4263-4a2e-b1ee-98b576574175.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Exfoliative dermatitis']", "noisy_text": " Pidicarenalysis, yeah, is that what this is? I didn't see any of this. No, this would be the piticarenalysis that ate Cleveland or something. Massive loss of the stratum corneum. It's really big. Those are usually teensy tiny little bells. So, this may not be in your vocabulary. You know, if you don't speak Russian and somebody asks you what's the Russian word for restaurant, you wouldn't know that it looked like pectopaw, you know, when you looked at it the way it was spelled. So, basically, if this isn't in your vocabulary, you don't have any idea what it is. Of course, you would notice that there's loss of the stratum corneum and there's also loss of the greater psoas. Who knows what this is? None of you guys know?", "corrected_text": " pityriasis, yeah, is that what this is? I didn't see any of this. No, this would be the pityriasis that ate Cleveland or something. Massive loss of the stratum corneum. It's really big. Those are usually teensy tiny little bells. So, this may not be in your vocabulary. You know, if you don't speak Russian and somebody asks you what's the Russian word for restaurant, you wouldn't know that it looked like restaurant, you know, when you looked at it the way it was spelled. So, basically, if this isn't in your vocabulary, you don't have any idea what it is. Of course, you would notice that there's loss of the stratum corneum and there's also loss of the greater omentum. Who knows what this is? None of you guys know?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'massive', 'concept_id': 'C0522501', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exfoliative dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0011606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'widespread', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaling', 'concept_id': 'C0237849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'flaking', 'concept_id': 'C1880783', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_699", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007603", "caption": "The epidermis is slightly thinned with a basement of the reed bridge pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Thickened cornified layer', 'Slightly thinned epidermis with a basement of the reed bridge pattern', 'Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Crisscross configuration of fascicles throughout the dermis', 'Thickened cornified layer', 'Slightly thinned epidermis with a basement of the reed bridge pattern', 'Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Crisscross configuration of fascicles throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "corrected_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}, {'entity': 'thickened', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thinned', 'concept_id': 'C0392758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'reed', 'concept_id': 'C0681191', 'confidence': 0.7412400841712952}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'elongated', 'concept_id': 'C0205166', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tapered', 'concept_id': 'C0441640', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'concept_id': 'C4323148', 'confidence': 0.6683960556983948}], [{'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crisscross configuration', 'concept_id': 'C0449830', 'confidence': 0.7424066066741943}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_700", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006728", "caption": "Description of vessel patterns in tumors, including the arc shape seen in some tumors such as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_6ea1f4bc-7320-4141-aa1d-588cb03d1b5a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['arc-shaped vessels']", "noisy_text": " It's not always there but it's a feature you see sometimes and the vessels kind of have this arc shape. They're kind of little curves like a little arch or a little hairpin turn like the vessel comes up and then loops and goes straight back in the direction it came. So you can see these vessels here. They're a little different than the vessels of say a mixofibrosarcoma grade one. Mixofibrosarcomas as I discussed in my other video usually have these long curving vessels. You can see vessels like that sometimes in in this tumor also in low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but the kind of one of the classic vessel patterns is this this this arc shape, this curved", "corrected_text": " It's not always there but it's a feature you see sometimes and the vessels kind of have this arc shape. They're kind of little curves like a little arch or a little hairpin turn like the vessel comes up and then loops and goes straight back in the direction it came. So you can see these vessels here. They're a little different than the vessels of say a myxofibrosarcoma grade one. myxofibrosarcomas as I discussed in my other video usually have these long curving vessels. You can see vessels like that sometimes in in this tumor also in low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but the kind of one of the classic vessel patterns is this this this arc shape, this curved", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vessel', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'arc', 'concept_id': 'C0001857', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_701", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004370", "caption": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, regular leukocytoplastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granulomyphial. Yes, excellent. Granulomyphial looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "corrected_text": " You notice this is on acral skin. There are often nodules in that area, and they can start off as palpable purpura in some cases. So, it's like, you know, leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions. Next slide. What is the histologic identical twin of this process? The granuloma faciale. Yes, excellent. granuloma faciale looks very, very similar to this on the microscope. Obviously, clinically, it's not like this. It's on the face. It's on the pseudolymphoma. Next slide. So, this is a type of chronic vasculitis that ends up forming these fibrotic nodules. It's an interesting condition, and it is thought to be associated with other conditions. So, you want to make sure that you don't just, next case. A lot of times, these things can give you cholesterol clefts. One of the old names for this years ago used to be extracellular cholesterolosis, and it would give you these, all these neutrophils would gradually degranulate, if you will. The neutrophil products would have lipid in them, and you'd get these cholesterol clefts that would look kind of yellowish. Now, what are a couple other clinical diseases where you can see nodules around joints? You know, like, gout, RA, OE. Good. Gout, RA. There's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 0.7122198939323425}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identical', 'concept_id': 'C0205280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'twin', 'concept_id': 'C0041427', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granuloma faciale', 'concept_id': 'C0239495', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0151436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic vasculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042384', 'confidence': 0.7992802858352661}, {'entity': 'fibrotic nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0332561', 'confidence': 0.8351579308509827}], [{'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}], [{'entity': 'Extracellular cholesterolosis', 'concept_id': 'C2973528', 'confidence': 0.9169934391975403}, {'entity': 'cholesterol clefts', 'concept_id': 'C3686582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'yellowish nodules', 'concept_id': 'C1867455', 'confidence': 0.8135299682617188}], [{'entity': 'Nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'joints', 'concept_id': 'C0022417', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gout', 'concept_id': 'C0018099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'RA', 'concept_id': 'C0002893', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'OE', 'concept_id': 'C1551089', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_702", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004875", "caption": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b97387a8-0fda-46af-a5b8-e4828215e011.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "corrected_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelioid cell', 'concept_id': 'C0014603', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic', 'concept_id': 'C1514164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'osteosarcomatous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0279602', 'confidence': 0.7822340130805969}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_703", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006025", "caption": "A biphasic vascular tumor is characterized by dilated vascular channels in the central area.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_704", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006818", "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7ac36f8d-6446-4fe7-9374-4deb58943b6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process']", "noisy_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "corrected_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of cellular polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of cellular polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary process', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.763504683971405}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_705", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005342", "caption": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_706", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007861", "caption": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_707", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006049", "caption": "Excessive bleeding within the tumor and brown pigment near the surface, likely hemocyanin rather than melanin.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_708", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007295", "caption": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2245d98c-287f-45ab-b770-2cef8c919522.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormalities in localized areas of the epithelium', 'clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes', 'basal cell-like appearance of clear cell acanthoma.', 'abnormalities in localized areas of the epithelium', 'clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes', 'basal cell-like appearance of clear cell acanthoma.']", "noisy_text": " And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put a couple of others. So, it looked like psoriasis, and it had a lot of clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes. It was just one little localized packet. It looked like a basal cell. Yeah, clear cellular acanthoma. What if", "corrected_text": " And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put a couple of others. So, it looked like psoriasis, and it had a lot of clear staining glycogenated keratinocytes. It was just one little localized packet. It looked like a basal cell. Yeah, clear cellular acanthoma. What if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Localized abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C1844614', 'confidence': 0.7790723443031311}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poro', 'concept_id': 'C1012232', 'confidence': 0.8632686734199524}, {'entity': 'cell acanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0333992', 'confidence': 0.841953456401825}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_709", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006649", "caption": "The internal control glands are staining for both nuclear and membranous cytoplasmic stains.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63', 'nuclear stain', 'membranous cytoplasmic stain', 'prostate cancer', 'P63']", "noisy_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "corrected_text": " if you look carefully, is actually negative. The only thing that is positive is a nuclear stain, which is the P63. Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'positive stain', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 0.8016907572746277}, {'entity': 'nuclear stain', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.8163275122642517}, {'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'internal control glands', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.7678565979003906}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'P63', 'concept_id': 'C1422009', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_710", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009100", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8b0e842c-7338-491f-9fb9-2928932f01f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_711", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007246", "caption": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_712", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007294", "caption": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Dysplasia', 'Loss of cellular polarity and nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Dysplasia']", "noisy_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably crib reforming maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "corrected_text": " Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this is dysplasia. But this dysplasia is the epithelium is reaching the top. And there is loss of polarity. And I don't see probably cribriform maybe coming here. I don't see in the center of the picture. So I will think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplastic epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1512100', 'confidence': 0.8234760165214539}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_713", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008806", "caption": "Several lymphocytes are present throughout the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Two cell types, light and dark staining', 'Sprinkling of lymphocytes', 'Duct formation within the tumor', 'Edematous stroma', 'Spear adenoma']", "noisy_text": " are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of", "corrected_text": " are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and a sprinkling of lymphocytes in concert with ducts in the tumor, and an edematous stroma are diagnostic of spear adenoma. And of course, this is one of the glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of this white gland. So very nice example here of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'light staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 0.7634408473968506}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Hints', 'concept_id': 'C1512348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'configuration', 'concept_id': 'C0449830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ducts', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1333376', 'confidence': 0.8675230145454407}, {'entity': 'diagnostic', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}], [{'entity': 'Spear adenoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001430', 'confidence': 0.7512055039405823}, {'entity': 'glandular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0205854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretory', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_714", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009398", "caption": "Different tumors with FUS gene rearrangements have a different histologic appearance.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put all of the picture together and make sure that the diagnosis makes sense. If it doesn't make sense, I always try to stop and think what's wrong here? Is something not working? Is the test false positive? What's the problem? Why doesn't this all add up? Of course", "corrected_text": " But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put all of the picture together and make sure that the diagnosis makes sense. If it doesn't make sense, I always try to stop and think what's wrong here? Is something not working? Is the test false positive? What's the problem? Why doesn't this all add up? Of course", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gene rearrangements', 'concept_id': 'C0017287', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gene rearrangements', 'concept_id': 'C0017287', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_715", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008521", "caption": "There is loss of the cornified layer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e9958770-87f7-412e-ace5-f8aafa60a9e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_716", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008221", "caption": "The presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggests a neuroendocrine carcinoma.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'vesicular nuclei', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin']", "noisy_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleomatin. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very dark-staining. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained nuclei, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "corrected_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very hyperchromatic. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained areas, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like copper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0453397', 'confidence': 0.5605897903442383}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206695', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0682537', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 0.7025638818740845}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206754', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_717", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005320", "caption": "The neoplasm has a relatively dense fibrous stroma, unlike the loose and mixoid stroma seen around basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'epithelial and follicular elements', 'perifollicular connective tissue', 'dense fibrous stroma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'clefting', 'nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'epithelial and follicular elements', 'perifollicular connective tissue', 'dense fibrous stroma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'clefting']", "noisy_text": " because it grows back, because there's also a soil component in addition to the growth on top of the soil. You've got to have the background stroma, which is part of the nevus sebaceus hammertoma as well. So this is a similar kind of deal. It's a neoplasm involving both the epithelial and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this", "corrected_text": " because it grows back, because there's also a soil component in addition to the growth on top of the soil. You've got to have the background stroma, which is part of the nevus sebaceus hammertoma as well. So this is a similar kind of deal. It's a neoplasm involving both the epithelial and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Nevus sebaceus hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C4476818', 'confidence': 0.8189855217933655}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elements', 'concept_id': 'C0013879', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perifollicular', 'concept_id': 'C1704236', 'confidence': 0.805053174495697}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mixoid', 'concept_id': 'C3850557', 'confidence': 0.7173998355865479}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_718", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005665", "caption": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Pyloric gland metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " It's really dramatic, right? And not only that, what else do we have? Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " It's really dramatic, right? And not only that, what else do we have? Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pyloric gland', 'concept_id': 'C0227239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'Mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_719", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004246", "caption": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']", "noisy_text": " You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "corrected_text": " You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C2265913', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_720", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008914", "caption": "The typical storiform pattern is also present in this case.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['honeycomb morphology', 'lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern']", "noisy_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except dramatic fibrosarcoma tuberans. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "corrected_text": " this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except desmoplastic fibroblastoma. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the typical storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Honeycomb', 'concept_id': 'C0332468', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic fibroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206645', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffusely', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.8011853098869324}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333299', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_721", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005616", "caption": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65852f62-96f7-41e4-9c32-dff32a7a7ef2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Melanin granules within melanophages', 'Extravasated erythrocytes', 'Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes.']", "noisy_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemocentauric pigment in the centaurifages. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "corrected_text": " or the melanophages is variable in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size and shape. Now look at the melanin granules within this melanophage, and you can see that they're much more uniform in size than the hemosiderin pigment in the centroblasts. It also tends to be a little bit darker staining, but sometimes it can be very difficult, tinctorially, depending upon the staining quality, to use color to distinguish the two, better to use size and context clues. Also note here we don't have any extravasated erythrocytes here, so much more likely to be melanin, and there's an increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes. Getting back to the case, thin epidermis, bacular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Melanin granules', 'concept_id': 'C0230692', 'confidence': 0.9174172878265381}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C1517735', 'confidence': 0.8281925320625305}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basilar keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 0.803361713886261}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_722", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006922", "caption": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_13a66807-055f-4986-8c22-f11dbff4f623.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Metastasis to the lung or pleura']", "noisy_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "corrected_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surgical resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.7712292075157166}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'disease course', 'concept_id': 'C0242656', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_723", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008804", "caption": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_724", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007760", "caption": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['brown pigment near the surface', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_725", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005118", "caption": "The tumor appears to be well-circumscribed and has a blue staining due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['neoplastic process', 'blue tumor', 'nuclei', 'epithelial tumor', 'cribriform pattern']", "noisy_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and", "corrected_text": " again, a very, very nice biopsy. Moving on to slide number three, we're changing directions here. Here we have several fragments of tissue and in looking at this, this is pretty clear that we're dealing with a neoplastic process. It's somewhat fragmented, but seems to be fairly well circumscribed. At scan, one can see that we've got a blue tumor or blue ball present here, and the blue staining is generally due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus. So we've got a lot of nuclei here that we'll want to take a look at. Overall, even though this is fragmented, the fact that it's fairly well circumscribed would indicate that it's got more of a benign silhouette. If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fragments', 'concept_id': 'C0332255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'blue staining', 'concept_id': 'C0025746', 'confidence': 0.7925992608070374}, {'entity': 'hematoxylin staining', 'concept_id': 'C0018964', 'confidence': 0.9091285467147827}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mesenchymal origin', 'concept_id': 'C1513143', 'confidence': 0.8364232778549194}], [{'entity': 'Interconnected', 'concept_id': 'C0683595', 'confidence': 0.8500909209251404}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_726", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004921", "caption": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_436dc006-96b9-4a0e-b164-b7df28969d1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_727", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004614", "caption": "No necrosis or appreciable number of mitoses seen.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dda42eb4-663e-4e07-b885-a9a07e57b13b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocentaurant and a Fontanumus song stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out", "corrected_text": " course, one can always do special stains, an iron stain, such as Prussian blue or pearls for hemocyanin and a Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment. So in any case, getting back to the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitoses. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin-laden histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 0.6349639296531677}, {'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225332', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'oval', 'concept_id': 'C1709367', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fusiform nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0332493', 'confidence': 0.7332888245582581}], [{'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_728", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006546", "caption": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_729", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004259", "caption": "Follicular lymphoma has two different patterns: follicular and diffuse.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_109d1109-ed46-44b8-ba02-cbdc8ac542bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Follicular lymphoma', 'CD20', 'BCL6', 'follicle arrangement']", "noisy_text": " and they often respond, you know, just an interracial steroid, local radiotherapy, some sort of excision. So, you know, this was follicle center cell lymphoma. There's one type that's comprised mostly of small lymphocytes, there's other types comprised mostly of the follicle cells. So there's the fuse, and then there's a follicular, there's kind of a mixed pattern. You don't need to know as much about this, but the way we work these up, they're strongly positive for CD20, and they're BCL6 positive in those follicle areas. And I like that kind of inside out follicle kind of arrangement. I think there's a photograph that kind of shows that. So these are the two different patterns, the follicular and the fuse, and then you can see the surrounding large neoplastic cells with the smaller lymphocytes. It's kind", "corrected_text": " and they often respond, you know, just an interracial steroid, local radiotherapy, some sort of excision. So, you know, this was Follicular lymphoma. There's one type that's comprised mostly of small lymphocytes, there's other types comprised mostly of the follicle cells. So there's the fuse, and then there's a follicular, there's kind of a mixed pattern. You don't need to know as much about this, but the way we work these up, they're strongly positive for CD20, and they're BCL6 positive in those follicle areas. And I like that kind of inside out follicle kind of arrangement. I think there's a photograph that kind of shows that. So these are the two different patterns, the follicular and the fuse, and then you can see the surrounding large neoplastic cells with the smaller lymphocytes. It's kind", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332293', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interracial', 'concept_id': 'C0682081', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'steroid', 'concept_id': 'C0038317', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'local radiotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0034619', 'confidence': 0.8772267699241638}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'BCL6', 'concept_id': 'C1332399', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0018120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Follicular lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024301', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_730", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005776", "caption": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f7991877-a8bd-4fb0-845b-ad94cceb8098.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_731", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008458", "caption": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_40070839-9f02-485f-be7f-6f9363b416f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "corrected_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'expressed', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sensitive', 'concept_id': 'C0020517', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'marker', 'concept_id': 'C0005516', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_732", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1009059", "caption": "Biopsy specimen shows infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages in a patient with Erythema dyschromicum perstands (EDP), which is a variant of lichen planus. EDP lacks epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and has a less robust inflammatory infiltrate compared to lichen planus. Clinical pathological correlation is important in diagnosing EDP.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_294689bd-4e49-4997-bfe8-586a59c6a03a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['large hyperpigmented patches on the trunk extremities', 'subtle vacuolar change and melanophages within the papillary dermis', 'inflammatory infiltrate in Erythema multiforme is this significant or this robust, one usually sees many more necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis', 'interface dermatitis', 'punch biopsy', 'inflammatory infiltrate in Erythema multiforme is this significant or this robust, one usually sees many more necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis']", "noisy_text": " infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanovagias. And as it turns out, this biopsy specimen is from a Latin American individual with large hyperpigmented patches on the trunk extremities, and this was a biopsy of Erythema dyschromicum perstands, which is believed by most people to be a variant of Lycan planus, also sometimes goes by the name Lycan planus pigmentosus, is a much more subtle expression of Lycan planus than garden variety Lycan planus, lacks the epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and the inflammatory infiltrate is usually much less robust. This is actually a pretty active inflammatory EDP. In late lesions of EDP, sometimes all you'll see is subtle bacular change and melanophagias within the papillary dermis. So, this is a condition where clinical pathological mission can be quite helpful. Without benefit of history, here the differential could conceivably include a drug eruption, Apache Lycanoid drug eruption, or even a Lycanoid photodermatitis, less likely a Lycanoid expression of connective tissue disease, but this biopsy was from a patient with EDP, and these are the types of changes one expects to see in that condition. One might also think briefly about Erythema multiforme because we've got bacular change, a basket we've quantified later, and lymphocytes. However, by the time the inflammatory infiltrate in Erythema multiforme is this significant or this robust, one usually sees many more necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis. You could also think about a fixed drug eruption, but of course, in a fixed drug eruption, one would need to see eosinophils within the infiltrate, and they're absent in this particular case. Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and", "corrected_text": " infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages. And as it turns out, this biopsy specimen is from a Latin American individual with large hyperpigmented patches on the trunk extremities, and this was a biopsy of Erythema dyschromicum perstands, which is believed by most people to be a variant of lichen planus, also sometimes goes by the name lichen planus pigmentosus, is a much more subtle expression of Lycan planus than lichen planus, lacks the epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and the inflammatory infiltrate is usually much less robust. This is actually a pretty active inflammatory EDP. In late lesions of EDP, sometimes all you'll see is subtle basal cell change and melanophagias within the papillary dermis. So, this is a condition where clinical pathological mission can be quite helpful. Without benefit of history, here the differential could conceivably include a drug eruption, Apache Lycanoid drug eruption, or even a lichenoid photodermatitis, less likely a Lycanoid expression of connective tissue disease, but this biopsy was from a patient with EDP, and these are the types of changes one expects to see in that condition. One might also think briefly about Erythema multiforme because we've got basal cell change, a basket we've quantified later, and lymphocytes. However, by the time the inflammatory infiltrate in Erythema multiforme is this significant or this robust, one usually sees many more necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis. You could also think about a fixed drug eruption, but of course, in a fixed drug eruption, one would need to see eosinophils within the infiltrate, and they're absent in this particular case. Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Erythema dyschromicum perstands', 'concept_id': 'C0263359', 'confidence': 0.9094144701957703}, {'entity': 'EDP', 'concept_id': 'C1098982', 'confidence': 0.7780879139900208}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lichen planus', 'concept_id': 'C0023646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EDP', 'concept_id': 'C1098982', 'confidence': 0.7780879139900208}, {'entity': 'epidermal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0263641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hypergranulosis', 'concept_id': 'C3279547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compact orthokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C1843359', 'confidence': 0.8407344222068787}, {'entity': 'inflammatory infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C3887644', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lichen planus', 'concept_id': 'C0023646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pathological', 'concept_id': 'C0030664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'correlation', 'concept_id': 'C1707520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EDP', 'concept_id': 'C1098982', 'confidence': 0.7780879139900208}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_733", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006927", "caption": "Serous cyst papillary carcinoma is frequently associated with the presence of psammoma bodies, which are calcified rounded bodies.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['atypia', 'infiltrated the underlying stroma', 'solid looking tumor', 'lining epithelial cells', 'infiltrative pattern', 'malignant tumor', 'invasive pattern', 'calcified body', 'rounded calcified bodies', 'papillary configuration', 'papillary structures', 'psammoma bodies']", "noisy_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, pepillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is pepillary. So most of these tumors they show pepillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the pepillary configuration and that pepillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst pepillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of somoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the somoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the pepillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "corrected_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, papillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is papillary. So most of these tumors they show papillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the papillary configuration and that papillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst papillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of psammoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the psammoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltrative', 'concept_id': 'C4527217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid', 'concept_id': 'C0205208', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary structures', 'concept_id': 'C0030352', 'confidence': 0.7890171408653259}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltration', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 0.7649628520011902}], [{'entity': 'Papillary configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1276436', 'confidence': 0.9154161214828491}, {'entity': 'presentation', 'concept_id': 'C0449450', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}], [{'entity': 'Serous cyst papillary carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3839184', 'confidence': 0.9130419492721558}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psammoma bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0391863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'calcified rounded bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0175895', 'confidence': 0.645065188407898}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_734", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008642", "caption": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.', 'Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_735", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005704", "caption": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5d534cab-1771-4c19-a157-83b1eaaf4f21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_736", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006121", "caption": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells', 'multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells']", "noisy_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "corrected_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant transformation', 'concept_id': 'C0287850', 'confidence': 0.8324378132820129}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deposition', 'concept_id': 'C0333562', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Multilobulated', 'concept_id': 'C4538849', 'confidence': 0.8302288055419922}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dense fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 0.8111783862113953}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'larger', 'concept_id': 'C0549177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_737", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007722", "caption": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dc777b8f-901a-4667-8033-74f2a1b61897.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['smooth muscle', 'skeletal muscle', 'spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms', 'atypical fibroxanthoma', 'neural tumors', 'smooth muscle', 'skeletal muscle', 'spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms', 'atypical fibroxanthoma', 'neural tumors']", "noisy_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibrous anthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "corrected_text": " So basically, just to kind of go backwards, more generic, muscle. Yeah. Do it. OK. And then there's two types of muscle, right? There's smooth muscle, or three, cardiac muscle, hopefully, to see that in the skin. But smooth and skeletal muscle, which we hardly ever see skeletal muscle neoplasms in dermatology. So it's almost always smooth muscle when we're looking at muscle. And there's probably really only two or three spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms you need to know about. So muscle's one. What are the other two, basically? Like AFX? Yeah, but more generic. So what's the differentiation in an atypical fibroxanthoma? Just think of the cells that have become malignant in that. They're obviously not muscle cells. Neural? Neural's the other one. Those are the three major ones. But the one that you're missing is the center one there. What else lives in your dermis normally here? So we're going to go back. Fibroblast. Yeah,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Smooth', 'concept_id': 'C0205357', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skeletal muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0242692', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'smooth muscle', 'concept_id': 'C1267092', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatology', 'concept_id': 'C0011627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.8066584467887878}, {'entity': 'muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neural tumors', 'concept_id': 'C1334956', 'confidence': 0.849646270275116}], [{'entity': 'Atypical fibroxanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596981', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_738", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005099", "caption": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "corrected_text": " Okay, so here we have a punch biopsy, non-equal skin. What we can see is there is a more sparse, moderate, and full trait in the superficial and deep dermis, and into the fat as well. And there's some eosinophilic component to it as well. Okay, what's the overall pattern? It's probably a superficial and deep, almost like a little funiculitis. It does go into the fat, and perivascular and interstitial. Yeah, and interstitial. And notice that there's no epidermal involved. No, epidermis is completely sparse. Even higher magnification. Now what do you see? Now I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal skin', 'concept_id': 'C0558145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trait', 'concept_id': 'C0599883', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.7651135921478271}, {'entity': 'fat', 'concept_id': 'C0015677', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep funiculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0241216', 'confidence': 0.7899089455604553}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interstitial regions', 'concept_id': 'C0596790', 'confidence': 0.7848911285400391}], [{'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_739", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1005031", "caption": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_740", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008394", "caption": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c28373d3-b282-46d8-b6be-d50cd5854b00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_741", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004603", "caption": "Punch biopsy reveals nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes', 'Lesion with induration and yellow periphery', 'Nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis', 'Septal and lobular panniculitis', 'Distortion of fat architecture', 'Stasis-related vascular change', 'Subcutaneous tissue with few viable adipocytes']", "noisy_text": " injurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a rip-roaring paniculitis here. We have a lobular paniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "corrected_text": " indurated, looks a little yellow over at the periphery, a little red center light, and a large punch biopsy through this lesion reveals evidence within the papillary dermis of nodular angioplasia, so we have a little bit of stasis-related vascular change, but not much inflammation. In this particular instance, we have a lobular panniculitis here. We have a lobular panniculitis. If you take a look at the fat here, there's total distortion of the architecture, and this is barely discernible as subcutaneous tissue, but there's not a lot of inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'indurated', 'concept_id': 'C0702114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'yellow periphery', 'concept_id': 'C0221205', 'confidence': 0.7174375653266907}, {'entity': 'red center light', 'concept_id': 'C0563227', 'confidence': 0.7959515452384949}], [{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodular angioplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.6163609623908997}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Septal', 'concept_id': 'C0442004', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lobular panniculitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fat architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.88345867395401}], [{'entity': 'stasis-related vascular change', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.522698700428009}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_742", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007796", "caption": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_743", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004509", "caption": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'acinar structures resembling pancreas', 'pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT']", "noisy_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "corrected_text": " Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the best example of atrophy. Again, unfortunately, there is no defined number of glands to be seen because this is age-dependentation, size-dependentation, race-dependent. So", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021852', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'age', 'concept_id': 'C0001779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dependence', 'concept_id': 'C0011546', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_744", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008276", "caption": "The glands and epithelium are pushed apart from each other, which may be procedure-related or seen in chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic', 'Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_745", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005443", "caption": "Characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nucleolus', 'myofibroblasts', 'myositis ossificans']", "noisy_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myocytosocificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "corrected_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myositis ossificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'amphiphilic', 'concept_id': 'C0596084', 'confidence': 0.8564908504486084}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Characteristic', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myositis ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0027122', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'USP6', 'concept_id': 'C1175888', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_746", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007330", "caption": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ef6a8cee-dc5d-48bc-89e3-5f6351cfba7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical', 'The size of the lesion is large', 'The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical']", "noisy_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? Epithelioid. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "corrected_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? epithelial. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neoplastic', 'concept_id': 'C1709160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'determined with', 'concept_id': 'C0521095', 'confidence': 0.8590028285980225}, {'entity': 'certainty', 'concept_id': 'C0205423', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'erosion', 'concept_id': 'C0333307', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'top', 'concept_id': 'C1420726', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_747", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004578", "caption": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization', 'Clostridioides difficile colitis', 'lamina propria', 'hyalinization']", "noisy_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinopropia may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "corrected_text": " will give you pseudomembranes. Ischemic injury can also give it to you. And the one thing to note is that, so this patient had C. difficile colitis by laboratory, but he was not responding to treatment and they just decided to take a biopsy. And you can see here that in the lamina propria is not hyalinized. Now, does that mean that ischemia is excluded? No, because if it's, you know, it depends on the clinical history. If it's recent ischemia that happened within, I don't know, 24, 48 hours, you know, the hyalinization may not have had time to hyalinize. How", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pseudomembranes', 'concept_id': 'C0240821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Clostridioides', 'concept_id': 'C4406271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemic injury', 'concept_id': 'C2945681', 'confidence': 0.8915668725967407}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinization', 'concept_id': 'C0333438', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_748", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006174", "caption": "Presence of high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer associated with extra-prostatic extension, positive margins, and lymph node metastasis.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of high-volume prostate cancer with poorly formed glands and single cells.', 'Intraductal component.']", "noisy_text": " are associated with extra-postatic extension. They are associated with, which you can see here, they are associated with positive margins. They are associated with lymph node metastasis. It is not the introductal carcinoma of the prostate itself that is associated with those. It's the fact that you have high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door. It is the invasive cancer that does all those bad things. The introductal carcinoma itself is introductal. It's just invasive cancer colonizing a duct. So the introductal carcinoma itself doesn't do all those bad things. It is associated with high-grade invasive cancer that does the high tumor volume, extra-postatic extension, positive surgical margins, and lymph node metastasis. And I'll show you a case of that shortly. So if you look at this case, again, high-volume prostate cancer. You can see that a lot of the glands are poorly formed. There are some single cells in there. And once again, you see the introductal component here. You can", "corrected_text": " are associated with extra-prostatic extension. They are associated with, which you can see here, they are associated with positive margins. They are associated with lymph node metastasis. It is not the intrAductal carcinoma of the prostate itself that is associated with those. It's the fact that you have high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer next door. It is the invasive cancer that does all those bad things. The intrAductal carcinoma itself is intracystic. It's just invasive cancer colonizing a duct. So the intrAductal carcinoma itself doesn't do all those bad things. It is associated with high-grade invasive cancer that does the high tumor volume, extra-prostatic extension, positive surgical margins, and lymph node metastasis. And I'll show you a case of that shortly. So if you look at this case, again, high-volume prostate cancer. You can see that a lot of the glands are poorly formed. There are some single cells in there. And once again, you see the intracystic component here. You can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-volume', 'concept_id': 'C3494218', 'confidence': 0.8583465814590454}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extra-prostatic extension', 'concept_id': 'C1717821', 'confidence': 0.8074824213981628}, {'entity': 'positive margins', 'concept_id': 'C1709603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymph node metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0686619', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'factors', 'concept_id': 'C1257900', 'confidence': 0.8623767495155334}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.6872689723968506}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'outcomes', 'concept_id': 'C1274040', 'confidence': 0.8844040036201477}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_749", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1007788", "caption": "The biopsy is of the stomach and is being examined for H. pylori, which secretes chemotactic factors for neutrophils.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8985c1c-5f51-4587-98a1-56cb0db65fb7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['neutrophils', 'neutrophils']", "noisy_text": " But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is advanced active inflammation, neutrophils sitting in the glandular space. So this is cryptitis and this is crypt abscess. Here also you can see cryptitis. And this is again H. pylori in high power. Previously I showed you the H&E, and this is a ginseng stain. But please", "corrected_text": " But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is advanced active inflammation, neutrophils sitting in the glandular space. So this is cryptitis and this is crypt abscess. Here also you can see cryptitis. And this is again H. pylori in high power. Previously I showed you the H&E, and this is a ginseng stain. But please", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretes', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8702053427696228}, {'entity': 'chemotactic factors', 'concept_id': 'C0008013', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glandular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225353', 'confidence': 0.788912296295166}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abscess', 'concept_id': 'C0000833', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ginseng stain', 'concept_id': 'C0086767', 'confidence': 0.8339173197746277}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_750", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004809", "caption": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_751", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004546", "caption": "Prominent nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary patterns are also indicative of dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8a2d6c55-bd35-4e4e-a119-ebc49c3d2dec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Cribriform and micropapillary patterns', 'Cribriform and micropapillary patterns']", "noisy_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "corrected_text": " And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'patterns', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'indicative', 'concept_id': 'C2985705', 'confidence': 0.7675144076347351}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'essential', 'concept_id': 'C0205224', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gallbladder', 'concept_id': 'C0016976', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bile duct', 'concept_id': 'C0005400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_752", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008763", "caption": "Identification of vein and artery based on elastic tissue strain.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Severe dysplasia', 'Thick and thin blood vessels', 'Thick vessel wall', 'Narrowing of lumen', 'Vein and artery identification', 'No internal elastic lamina']", "noisy_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " And in the resection, you see like a heavy malformation, isn't it? Thick and thin blood vessels of varying sizes are seen. In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Severe', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thin', 'concept_id': 'C0205168', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sizes', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'narrowing', 'concept_id': 'C0332463', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_753", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006829", "caption": "The diagnosis is likely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sarcoma cells', 'Fibrous area with delicate collagen.']", "noisy_text": " So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here. They just don't look very atypical at all. They look bland, they don't usually have pleomorphism, they look uniform, they look very much like each other and look very fibroblastic and again this is, I've talked in other videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'll talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of", "corrected_text": " So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here. They just don't look very atypical at all. They look bland, they don't usually have pleomorphism, they look uniform, they look very much like each other and look very fibroblastic and again this is, I've talked in other videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0024302', 'confidence': 0.7867116332054138}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 0.8876925110816956}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_754", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006198", "caption": "Mycosuria is present in a 69-year-old male patient with hematuria and elevated PSA levels.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " This is just basal cell hyperplasia. Sometimes you can have urothelial metaplasia also occurring simultaneously. All right, so the next case is case 7. Case 7 is a 69-year-old gentleman with hematuria and mycosuria. So this is the first time we are hearing that word, mycosuria. So we've had elevated PSA levels. We've had positive DREs. We've had hematuria. But this is the first patient that has mycosuria. And that's of some significance, which you'll see shortly. So let's take a look at this case. Again, this doesn't look like anything I've shown", "corrected_text": " This is just basal cell hyperplasia. Sometimes you can have urothelial metaplasia also occurring simultaneously. All right, so the next case is case 7. Case 7 is a 69-year-old gentleman with hematuria and mycosuria. So this is the first time we are hearing that word, mycosuria. So we've had elevated PSA levels. We've had positive DREs. We've had hematuria. But this is the first patient that has mycosuria. And that's of some significance, which you'll see shortly. So let's take a look at this case. Again, this doesn't look like anything I've shown", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Urothelial metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334028', 'confidence': 0.8153573870658875}, {'entity': 'simultaneously', 'concept_id': 'C0521115', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mycosuria', 'concept_id': 'C0017979', 'confidence': 0.7108948826789856}, {'entity': 'male', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hematuria', 'concept_id': 'C0018965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'levels', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mycosuria', 'concept_id': 'C0017979', 'confidence': 0.7108948826789856}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_755", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007367", "caption": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2596344b-b932-450f-aa3d-0ffba92fe1cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dermis']", "noisy_text": " because this was the initial shave. And you can see that we've got a dome-shaped papule here. And we've got a few nests of melanocytes along the DEJ. And these melanocytes are normal in appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we", "corrected_text": " because this was the initial shave. And you can see that we've got a dome-shaped papule here. And we've got a few nests of melanocytes along the DEJ. And these melanocytes are normal in appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dome-shaped papule', 'concept_id': 'C1711316', 'confidence': 0.752353847026825}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}], [{'entity': 'Nest cords', 'concept_id': 'C0884973', 'confidence': 0.7039703726768494}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_756", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004948", "caption": "Invasion of atypical columnar epithelial cells into the stroma is diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_5718b0ef-b209-4f1e-93b6-f24568babc77.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Mucin-filled ovaries with infiltration', 'Atypical columnar epithelial cells with invasion', 'Stroma']", "noisy_text": " we call these tumors as borderline mucin. Now we come to the mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma these are the mucin filled ovaries and they even on the gross findings they show the presence of infiltration here. Atypia, marked atypia in the columnar type of epithelial cells and these atypical cells they show invasion. So when these atypical cells atypical columnar type of epithelial cells they show definite invasion in the stroma we say that this is mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now another type of tumor that is called endometroid tumor. So endometroid tumor these are actually few cases", "corrected_text": " we call these tumors as borderline mucin. Now we come to the mucinous cystadenocarcinoma these are the mucin filled ovaries and they even on the gross findings they show the presence of infiltration here. Atypia, marked atypia in the columnar type of epithelial cells and these atypical cells they show invasion. So when these atypical cells atypical columnar type of epithelial cells they show definite invasion in the stroma we say that this is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Now another type of tumor that is endometrioid tumor. So endometrioid tumor these are actually few cases", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Borderline mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0205189', 'confidence': 0.8083650469779968}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206699', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltration', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'columnar epithelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical', 'concept_id': 'C0205182', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'columnar epithelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225338', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnostic', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucinous cystadenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206699', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endometrioid tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0474809', 'confidence': 0.902359127998352}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_757", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005402", "caption": "Presence of extensive ulceration and hemorrhage.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['hemorrhage', 'extensive ulceration', 'hemorrhage', 'gastric mucosa', 'willy-formed changes', 'chemical gastritis', 'antrum', 'pylorus', 'neutrophils']", "noisy_text": " Extensive ulceration and hemorrhage. As far as the poisoning, any other chemicals, or any chemotherapy, clinical history is very, very important to make a exact diagnosis. This is the surface epithelial changes where the surface looks more willy-formed. This is a gastric, if it is small intestine, then it is fine, but this is a gastric mucosa. You see a lot of willy-formed changes. These willy-formed changes are very important in the diagnosis of chemical gastritis if the biopsy is taken from the antrum or pylorus. What happens there? The bile is trying to come into the stomach, so the stomach is trying to become small intestine. That's why you see willy-formed changes in the chemical gastritis. Here, what do you see in the surface epithelium? See, a lot of neutrophils are sitting. Remember, I told you, this is", "corrected_text": " Extensive ulceration and hemorrhage. As far as the poisoning, any other chemicals, or any chemotherapy, clinical history is very, very important to make a exact diagnosis. This is the surface epithelial changes where the surface looks more willy-formed. This is a gastric, if it is small intestine, then it is fine, but this is a gastric mucosa. You see a lot of willy-formed changes. These willy-formed changes are very important in the diagnosis of chemical gastritis if the biopsy is taken from the antrum or pylorus. What happens there? The bile is trying to come into the stomach, so the stomach is trying to become small intestine. That's why you see willy-formed changes in the chemical gastritis. Here, what do you see in the surface epithelium? See, a lot of neutrophils are sitting. Remember, I told you, this is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extensive', 'concept_id': 'C0205231', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ulceration', 'concept_id': 'C0041582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemorrhage', 'concept_id': 'C0019080', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Clinical history', 'concept_id': 'C5204342', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poisoning', 'concept_id': 'C0032343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exposure to', 'concept_id': 'C0332157', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemicals', 'concept_id': 'C0220806', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial changes', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 0.7544435858726501}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'antrum', 'concept_id': 'C0034193', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pylorus', 'concept_id': 'C0034196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_758", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005195", "caption": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm', 'Storiform pattern', 'Ring chromosome', 'Collagen A', 'Platelet-derived growth factor', 'Soft tissue neoplasm']", "noisy_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSB, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "corrected_text": " you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one other thing, if you biopsy the surface of DFSP, sometimes it can look like a neurofibroma. So beware of taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSBs. You need to take a deep incisional biopsy. Whenever you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm and dermatology, get out the knife and fork. Don't get the punch biopsy out. Don't ever do a shave on it. So you got to take a real biopsy when you're dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Caution', 'concept_id': 'C1882442', 'confidence': 0.7039048671722412}, {'entity': 'superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'recommendation', 'concept_id': 'C0034866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184922', 'confidence': 0.8345454335212708}, {'entity': 'dealing', 'concept_id': 'C0556449', 'confidence': 0.7019717693328857}, {'entity': 'soft tissue neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_759", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006380", "caption": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a784bb16-bb1b-42cd-8ace-85ebce853b45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung.', 'Sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung.']", "noisy_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "corrected_text": " patients who develop sarcoid-like granulomas, at least in the lung. So maybe the process just takes a little while to resolve after the patient's taken off the drug. Yeah, so the patient, we did all the stains, albeit they're low yield. The patient had no risk factors for TB. They never tested him for TB, though. But they thought clinically, that's not an issue. He got tested for a couple of other things. His ACE was within normal limits, and yeah, nothing. He just removed the drug and said, okay, let's see if this works. And that turned out to be the patient had, he was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis, yeah. Coming back to our", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid-like granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0333419', 'confidence': 0.7742165923118591}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TNF', 'concept_id': 'C0812246', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'concept_id': 'C0038013', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'risk factors', 'concept_id': 'C0035648', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TB', 'concept_id': 'C0041296', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ACE', 'concept_id': 'C0050385', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_760", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009270", "caption": "Perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas can have whirled or swirled areas.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP,", "corrected_text": " that's why this tumor one of the mimics that you can see one of the histologic mimics is perineurioma and I have another video about perineurioma that really goes into detail. Perineuriomas often have cells that look very much like this and both perineurioma as well as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can have very whirled or swirled areas. This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}, {'entity': 'whirled', 'concept_id': 'C1424217', 'confidence': 0.6834293007850647}, {'entity': 'swirled areas', 'concept_id': 'C1968905', 'confidence': 0.5657616853713989}], [{'entity': 'Dermatofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_761", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006751", "caption": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_eecf8160-ce87-46b5-85bd-44bdf9b62159.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['epiglottis', 'elastic cartilage', 'lacunas', 'chondrocytes', 'external ear', 'epiglottis', 'reticular connective tissue', 'epithelial tissue']", "noisy_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "corrected_text": " the answer, this is elastic cartilage, you know it's a cartilage because you see the lacunas, so this is lacuna right here with the chondrocyte in it, where do you find elastic cartilage, think of the E's, elastic cartilage, external ear and the epiglottis, so elastic cartilage, external ear, epiglottis, that's where you're going to find elastic cartilage, that was number nineteen, number twenty, where do you, see this is a reticular connective tissue again, where do you find it, underneath all epithelial tissue, underneath all epithelial tissue, remember", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examined', 'concept_id': 'C0332128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lacunas', 'concept_id': 'C1459585', 'confidence': 0.8563621044158936}, {'entity': 'chondrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0225369', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Elastic cartilage', 'concept_id': 'C0682559', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'external ear', 'concept_id': 'C0013453', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epiglottis', 'concept_id': 'C0014540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reticular', 'concept_id': 'C0439739', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_762", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004671", "caption": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_763", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007056", "caption": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_81c1c618-4711-4364-91a3-add587d50694.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['MAC looks like a syringoma.', 'MAC looks like a syringoma.']", "noisy_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "corrected_text": " And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of its diffuse nature. Some cancers are aggressive because they metastasize. Some are more aggressive because they just like crab. They just gradually erode everything and they just destroy everything in their path. And so this is more that sort of thing and it goes deep. And one other thing that you look for when you're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Mycobacterium avium complex', 'concept_id': 'C0026914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'deep cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.6357579231262207}, {'entity': 'destroys', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.6218703985214233}, {'entity': 'path', 'concept_id': 'C1705483', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_764", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008905", "caption": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9dea1855-71fe-4f95-b8b0-528a25101f8a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['population of banal appearing melanocytes', 'balloon melanocytes', 'benign nevus', 'cellular blue nevus']", "noisy_text": " Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by banal nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of banal nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus. So that's all I have for you. And if you have any questions, again, please feel free to reach out. You can email me at tdavis.sagesdx.com or education at sagesdx.com. Thank you very much. We're always looking for suggestions. So if you have any topics that you would like to have covered, please feel free to shoot me an email. Thanks so much for your attention. Have a good evening.", "corrected_text": " Those are combined nevi because you usually have a population of banal appearing melanocytes and balloon melanocytes. At that point, inactivated melanocytic tumors are frequently combined nevi, commonly characterized by benign nevus and a population of very epithelial spits like melanocytes. So anyway, all possible combinations are... And in actuality, a deep penetrating nevus is frequently combined nevus with a combination of benign nevus and what looks oftentimes like a cellular blue nevus. So anyway, this is a combined melanocytic nevus. So that's all I have for you. And if you have any questions, again, please feel free to reach out. You can email me at tdavis.sagesdx.com or education at sagesdx.com. Thank you very much. We're always looking for suggestions. So if you have any topics that you would like to have covered, please feel free to shoot me an email. Thanks so much for your attention. Have a good evening.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'combined', 'concept_id': 'C0205195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nevi', 'concept_id': 'C0027960', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytic tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0349501', 'confidence': 0.7923030257225037}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign nevus', 'concept_id': 'C1456781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'population', 'concept_id': 'C0032659', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial-like', 'concept_id': 'C0334254', 'confidence': 0.6890533566474915}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_765", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007608", "caption": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_766", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006527", "caption": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c42be0a1-220f-4bfd-9737-e3ae913774fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['distortion associated with a huge lymphoid aggregate', 'prominent lymphoid aggregates', 'pannate cell metaplasia']", "noisy_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "corrected_text": " discuss further down the road. And then the last differential is this. All right. So, Emilio, what would you say about the architecture in this case? Yeah. And then in some areas, there's a little bit of distortion, but what's the distortion associated with? Yeah, a huge lymphoid aggregate. So, this case, as you move along, you'll see a couple of prominent lymphoid aggregates there, here, in the backdrop of preserved lamina propria. So, and then, okay, it might be IBD, especially because there's pannate cell metaplasia, and this is from the rectum. You see the pannate cell metaplasia is showing well?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pannate cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.5671628713607788}, {'entity': 'distortion', 'concept_id': 'C0332482', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregate', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_767", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007035", "caption": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin', 'lipid vacuoles', 'multinucleated histiocytes', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'hemocyanin']", "noisy_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemocentaurant. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "corrected_text": " large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multinucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes as suspected is hemosiderin. If you notice, it's got kind of that golden brown color. If you had a sub-stage condenser or a fine focus knob, you would see that it's somewhat refractile, but unfortunately, we can't use that particular tool when we're looking at scanned images.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid', 'concept_id': 'C0023779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multinucleated', 'concept_id': 'C0333740', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_768", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007740", "caption": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b7c61cc7-68de-4d75-81a3-5cd0960115be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_769", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009491", "caption": "MAC/syringomatous carcinoma typically does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia/pleomorphism.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Aggregations of cells resembling a syringoma.']", "noisy_text": " except it's pretty deep, large and deep. Yeah, you're right. So if you look at the individual aggregations of cells, they do look a lot like a syringoma. That's clear staining cells here. They've got these little cuticular areas inside the ducts like you see here. And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of", "corrected_text": " except it's pretty deep, large and deep. Yeah, you're right. So if you look at the individual aggregations of cells, they do look a lot like a syringoma. That's clear staining cells here. They've got these little cuticular areas inside the ducts like you see here. And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'deep', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'aggregations', 'concept_id': 'C0332621', 'confidence': 0.9210782051086426}, {'entity': 'clear staining cells', 'concept_id': 'C0229473', 'confidence': 0.7975835800170898}, {'entity': 'cuticular areas', 'concept_id': 'C2699479', 'confidence': 0.6761574745178223}, {'entity': 'ducts', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC/syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 0.7567015886306763}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular atypia/pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C1707333', 'confidence': 0.6986897587776184}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_770", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008047", "caption": "Different nuclear features can be characterized by their appearance, such as vesicular or salt and pepper-like.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Appearance of heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nucleus.', 'Plasma cells as a reference for classifying nuclear features.', 'Example of vesicular nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicularism is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "corrected_text": " whether it is vesicular, or it is salt and pepper-like. So these are the different nuclear features which are characterized. And how are you going to differentiate these nuclear features? So let's see some of the nuclear features. And before we move on to describe these features, I think the first thing that we should look at and understand what we are meaning by hyperchromasia and vesicular nuclei is to look at a plasma cell. So a plasma cell is the best example, and it is the best reference where you can classify the different nuclear features. So if you look carefully, the plasma cell has got a cartwheel-like of an appearance. So it is called cartwheel because you see some areas which are darkly strained. So they are the high heterochromatin areas, that is the darkly strained areas. And then in some areas, you see that there is light straining, which is the euchromatin area. So basically, the chromatin that we see in the nucleus is of two types, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Heterochromatin is going to appear darker, whereas the euchromatin will appear lighter on the cell. So similarly, when we see here in this cell nucleus, we see that there are dark and lightly strained areas. And this is what we call as heterochromatin and euchromatin. So suppose in a cell which has mainly heterochromatin, so the entire nucleus is going to look very dark. So those are the cells that we are going to call as hyperchromatic. And if a nucleus is composed of mainly euchromatin, then it will look very lightly strained. And this is what we call as vesicular nuclei. Now to know here what is important is that in a vesicular nuclei, the nucleus is very actively dividing. So if you have not a vesicular nuclei, that in itself will tell you that the cell is very actively proliferating. So let's see one example of vesicular nuclei here. So these", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like', 'concept_id': 'C2828772', 'confidence': 0.6665787696838379}], [{'entity': 'Plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear features', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 0.6837654709815979}], [{'entity': 'Chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'very dark', 'concept_id': 'C0332582', 'confidence': 0.8206402063369751}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dividing', 'concept_id': 'C0332849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'euchromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0059882', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_771", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004712", "caption": "Describes the physical characteristics of fibrofolliculoma, including a relatively dense fibrous stroma and no clefting between the lesion.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['No clefting between the lesion', 'No clefting between the lesion']", "noisy_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodyscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "corrected_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodiscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Describes', 'concept_id': 'C1552738', 'confidence': 0.7625278830528259}, {'entity': 'physical characteristics', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 0.8302092552185059}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Trichodiscoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perifollicular fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C1704236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_772", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004670", "caption": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_773", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006302", "caption": "Another type of dermatofibroma with large atypical cells or monster cells can simulate cancer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2a63f541-31ba-4776-91c6-846c7a4b6c86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Areas with hemosiderin', 'Areas with foamy appearance', 'Lipid-laden cells in cellular dermatofibroma']", "noisy_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "corrected_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipid-laden. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipid accumulation. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid-laden cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5060436129570007}, {'entity': 'cellular dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 0.833601713180542}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monster cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.7091032862663269}, {'entity': 'simulate', 'concept_id': 'C0284447', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_774", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007589", "caption": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "corrected_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular testing', 'concept_id': 'C1521991', 'confidence': 0.8002516627311707}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_775", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008561", "caption": "Mitosis and stratification are observed.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis']", "noisy_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "corrected_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.8005025386810303}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 0.7789753675460815}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_776", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004456", "caption": "Goblet cells in the stomach indicate intestinal metaplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['H. pylori in the oil immersion', 'Goblet cells in the stomach', 'Mucin in the stomach is neutral', 'Goblet cells in the stomach', 'Mucin in the stomach is neutral']", "noisy_text": " Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies from the stomach. So when you see goblet cells in the stomach, it is intestinal metaplasia. Another thing you have to remember, the stomach is having an acid milieu, acid environment, but the mucin in the stomach is neutral, whereas the intestinal mucin is acidic. That's why in PAS, the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the", "corrected_text": " Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies from the stomach. So when you see goblet cells in the stomach, it is intestinal metaplasia. Another thing you have to remember, the stomach is having an acid milieu, acid environment, but the mucin in the stomach is neutral, whereas the intestinal mucin is acidic. That's why in PAS, the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Cytological', 'concept_id': 'C0205471', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.7603482604026794}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Difference', 'concept_id': 'C1705241', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acidity', 'concept_id': 'C0001128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_777", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006888", "caption": "Nuclei in hepatocytes are lightly strained and prominent.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_a342de41-b6bb-4adc-849c-89687471412d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['Liver cell structure with hepatocytes and normal vesicular nuclei', 'Cells in the sinusoid with dark straining nuclei.']", "noisy_text": " that the nucleus is lightly strained, and it is showing a prominent nuclei. So this is what we will describe as vesicular nuclei with the prominent nuclei. Now, this is an example which is showing the liver cell in structure. So these are the hepatocytes, and which are showing the normal nuclei in a hepatocyte is vesicular. And if you compare these cells with the cells which are there in the sinusoid, they're looking very dark. So these are the dark straining nuclei. And in most of the heterochromatic nuclei, you will not see any nuclei. Why you", "corrected_text": " that the nucleus is lightly strained, and it is showing a prominent nuclei. So this is what we will describe as vesicular nuclei with the prominent nuclei. Now, this is an example which is showing the liver cell in structure. So these are the hepatocytes, and which are showing the normal nuclei in a hepatocyte is vesicular. And if you compare these cells with the cells which are there in the sinusoid, they're looking very dark. So these are the dark straining nuclei. And in most of the heterochromatin, you will not see any nuclei. Why you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'liver cell', 'concept_id': 'C0227525', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hepatocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0227525', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'hepatocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0227525', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'strained', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sinusoid', 'concept_id': 'C0682624', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dark straining', 'concept_id': 'C0442694', 'confidence': 0.6908934712409973}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}], [{'entity': 'heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_778", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008979", "caption": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually associated with invasive cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['intraductal carcinoma', 'cribriform glands', 'basal cells']", "noisy_text": " And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "corrected_text": " And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues, it's very important to make that point clear. So this is the corresponding to the case I showed you. So let me just show you a couple more examples of introductal carcinoma of the prostate. So this case, this one looks a little different. You don't have, I mean, looking at the HNE, you may assume all this is invasive. But you'll probably be surprised when you see the corresponding pain cocktail. What you can see here are cribriform glands. Again, it's a busy, busy core, lots of glands. And when you see tumor cells or glands at the edge of a core, at the edge of a core like this, that's usually bats. And usually high-grade tumors that do that. But when you see what we're seeing here, a lot of cribriform glands. And if you go a bit closer, you can see a hint of basal cells around most of them. So we'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0677898', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'core', 'concept_id': 'C0444669', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'high-grade tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.5436328053474426}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_779", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007158", "caption": "High grade dysplasia and malignant glands seen in the muscle bundle.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'Muscularization of the lamina propria', 'Muscularis propria acts like a barrier', 'High grade dysplasia', 'Malignant glands going into the muscle bundle', 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'Muscularization of the lamina propria', 'Muscularis propria acts like a barrier', 'High grade dysplasia', 'Malignant glands going into the muscle bundle']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like a barrier. Here, in this picture, you can see the muscular ischemicosa acts like a barrier. So this is only high grade dysplasia. Whereas here, you can see the malignant glands going into the muscle bundle. And glands, malignant glands are seen on both sides of the muscle. So this", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like a barrier. Here, in this picture, you can see the muscularis propria acts like a barrier. So this is only high grade dysplasia. Whereas here, you can see the malignant glands going into the muscle bundle. And glands, malignant glands are seen on both sides of the muscle. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularis propria', 'concept_id': 'C0225358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'barrier', 'concept_id': 'C1706912', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High grade', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant glands', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 0.7218497395515442}, {'entity': 'muscle bundle', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_780", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008315", "caption": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e17ce632-d8cc-4545-8a00-2cd984386fa0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen', 'Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen']", "noisy_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemociderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "corrected_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemosiderotic variant of dermatofibroma of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0019618', 'confidence': 0.7253735065460205}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'trapping', 'concept_id': 'C0282665', 'confidence': 0.8904784917831421}, {'entity': 'ring siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.6553963422775269}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'aneurysmal type', 'concept_id': 'C0439651', 'confidence': 0.8459930419921875}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0018916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_781", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008362", "caption": "The histopathological findings include lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis', 'columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the pericaratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "corrected_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink parakeratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the parakeratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.8255378603935242}, {'entity': 'papillomatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0205875', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0263641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foam cells', 'concept_id': 'C0016390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_782", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004632", "caption": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_3be82740-e995-4d6e-a807-c3fca940d56f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_783", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007043", "caption": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated blood vessels', 'sebaceous lobules', 'fibrous component', 'epithelial component', 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'teensy small follicle']", "noisy_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "corrected_text": " And then there's some dilated blood vessels and whatnot, background sebaceous lobules that are proliferating. This may be kind of an incipient one of them, but this is what we're looking at here. So it's a small teensy tiny papule. And it's, if it's a neoplasm, it's got a two components to it. It's got a fibrous component, like right here. And then it's also got this epithelial component. What do you think this, what kind of differentiation are we looking at right here? Right, I feel it, right. So this is epithelial sebaceous gland. That's epithelium, little teensy small follicle right there. What's this? Is it closer to this or this? Sorry. Like, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign papule', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7019047737121582}, {'entity': 'dilated blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferating sebaceous lobules', 'concept_id': 'C0221946', 'confidence': 0.7654090523719788}, {'entity': 'components', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'epithelial sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 0.7906183004379272}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_784", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005822", "caption": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_785", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005344", "caption": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['small individual papules', 'central crust', 'perioral skin', 'granulomatous condition', 'palisade granulostermatitis', 'neutrophilic dermatosis', 'older individuals', 'perineoplastic process']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on apral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomanuary. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic granulostermatitis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "corrected_text": " Yeah, this would be more kind of the classic one, probably. What else? Here's the classic one clinically. What if there's small individual papules that have a central crust in them, often on perioral skin? We have had several cases of the disseminated GA, but I'm not sure if they didn't have a crust. So, what's the type that had it? Perforating? Perforating GA. Perforating GA, good. So, this was granulomatous. There's one other condition that gives you palisade granulostermatitis like this, but it also gives you some neutrophils infiltrate. That palisade and neutrophilic dermatosis, that's another thing that you at least have to think about when you see GA. If you see an older person that's got disseminated GA, think about it as a perineoplastic process. Sometimes you", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clinical', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individual', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'central crust', 'concept_id': 'C0205204', 'confidence': 0.7633819580078125}, {'entity': 'perioral skin', 'concept_id': 'C0448802', 'confidence': 0.8075158596038818}], [{'entity': 'Perforating', 'concept_id': 'C0549099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous condition', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.8219265341758728}, {'entity': 'palisade', 'concept_id': 'C0331512', 'confidence': 0.8241410255432129}, {'entity': 'granulostermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0743086', 'confidence': 0.7311265468597412}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophilic dermatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1142272', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Disseminated', 'concept_id': 'C0205221', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GA', 'concept_id': 'C0002915', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'older', 'concept_id': 'C0337524', 'confidence': 0.7771234512329102}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'perineoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 0.8771522045135498}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_786", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007155", "caption": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'Muscularization of the lamina propria', 'Muscularis propria acts like a barrier', 'High grade dysplasia', 'Malignant glands going into the muscle bundle', 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'Muscularization of the lamina propria', 'Muscularis propria acts like a barrier', 'High grade dysplasia', 'Malignant glands going into the muscle bundle']", "noisy_text": " So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like a barrier. Here, in this picture, you can see the muscular ischemicosa acts like a barrier. So this is only high grade dysplasia. Whereas here, you can see the malignant glands going into the muscle bundle. And glands, malignant glands are seen on both sides of the muscle. So this", "corrected_text": " So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like a barrier. Here, in this picture, you can see the muscularis propria acts like a barrier. So this is only high grade dysplasia. Whereas here, you can see the malignant glands going into the muscle bundle. And glands, malignant glands are seen on both sides of the muscle. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularis propria', 'concept_id': 'C0225358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'barrier', 'concept_id': 'C1706912', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'High grade', 'concept_id': 'C0205082', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant glands', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 0.7218497395515442}, {'entity': 'muscle bundle', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_787", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1004401", "caption": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_560fbaaf-db18-4369-bae1-323ae1e9c5c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['siderophages']", "noisy_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "corrected_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'lumina', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.845600426197052}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': \"patch stage Kaposi's\", 'concept_id': 'C0280201', 'confidence': 0.7629613280296326}], [{'entity': 'HHV8', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_788", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1005737", "caption": "The depth of the pulmonary involvement suggests a neoplastic process.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_633b3717-379e-4f46-8628-b5393a9e3a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['atypical cells', 'pleomorphism', 'neoplastic process', 'inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate', 'depth of pulmonary involvement']", "noisy_text": " So I thought about a neoplastic process as opposed to just an inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate. Yeah, like that cell is atypical and it's kind of large and bizarre in its morphology. And you look around and you say, yeah, there's some pre-morphism of some of these cells. That's not striking cytologic atypia like we see with somebody who might have a large sort of anoplastic lymphoma, but there's no question that a number of these cells are pretty atypical. So yeah, and another clue that you might be dealing with a neoplastic as opposed to the just an ion-reactive inflammatory process is the depth of the pulmonary, all the way to the fat. Usually if you're dealing", "corrected_text": " So I thought about a neoplastic process as opposed to just an inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate. Yeah, like that cell is atypical and it's kind of large and bizarre in its morphology. And you look around and you say, yeah, there's some pleomorphism of some of these cells. That's not striking cytologic atypia like we see with somebody who might have a large sort of anoplastic lymphoma, but there's no question that a number of these cells are pretty atypical. So yeah, and another clue that you might be dealing with a neoplastic as opposed to the just an reactive inflammatory process is the depth of the pulmonary, all the way to the fat. Usually if you're dealing", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C2674297', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'atypical', 'concept_id': 'C0205182', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'neoplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pulmonary', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_789", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007706", "caption": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process', 'nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process', 'nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane', 'prominent nuclei', 'loss of cellular polarity', 'cribriform', 'micropapillary process']", "noisy_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of polarity. And see the cribriformic. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "corrected_text": " Can you all see the nuclei touching the top of the apical membrane? And see the prominent nuclei. And see the nuclei are running in different directions. This nuclei is running in this direction, whereas this nuclei is running in this direction. This nuclei is running in this direction. So there is loss of cellular polarity. Okay, so here also it is stratified, reaching up to the top, and it is showing loss of cellular polarity. And see the cribriform. And this is a micropapillary process. Since it's a high power, you are not able to appreciate it better. I will show it to you in the other pictures. But here", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratified', 'concept_id': 'C0205363', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary process', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.763504683971405}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_790", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004988", "caption": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_791", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004617", "caption": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'bulge']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_792", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004186", "caption": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_47426b94-b186-490d-8be9-bbb9dce1866f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland', 'luminal ruffling', 'prostate glands', 'early corpora and mucin formation', 'atrophic gland']", "noisy_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and malatial formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunosuchemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "corrected_text": " And if you go a bit closer, you can see that they have a little bit of luminal ruffling. When you see luminal ruffling, that should make you feel a little bit more comfortable, because prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders. The problem is the previous case I showed you actually had sharp luminal borders, even though it was partial atrophy. So that's what makes this tricky. But in this case, you can see the fairly well circumscribed, one of the glands even has a little bit of early corpora and mucin formation. But you also have this gland over here that looks somewhat similar, but a little bit more atrophic. And if you look at the corresponding immunohistochemical stain and that focus of interest, we'll see what happens. So again, this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal ruffling', 'concept_id': 'C3269125', 'confidence': 0.690064549446106}, {'entity': 'prostate glands', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 0.8152219653129578}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal borders', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.6706532835960388}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_793", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006972", "caption": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_794", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008559", "caption": "Loss of mucin and cellular polarity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis']", "noisy_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "corrected_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.8005025386810303}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 0.7789753675460815}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_795", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004437", "caption": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign lyomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very", "corrected_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign leiomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle cells that are quite very", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'cancerous', 'concept_id': 'C1514391', 'confidence': 0.763753354549408}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign leiomyoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023267', 'confidence': 0.9082092046737671}], [{'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_796", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005330", "caption": "Fairly well circumscribed lesion with no increased mitotic activity.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_881f5e73-0dd4-4feb-a638-26240b0dc364.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'KI67 expression']", "noisy_text": " fairly well circumscribed, no increased mitotic activity. Because one of the things you can do to distinguish if you're not sure is a KI67. KI67 will be very low in basal cell hyperplasia. Even fluorid basal cell hyperplasia should not have a very high KI67 expression. In contrast, basal cell carcinoma, as no surprise, is actually with a high KI67 level. So that's something else. In cases in which one is struggling, that's something that may be helpful. Let me see. Yeah, this is just another example of basal cell hyperplasia. This is in a Terp specimen. So it's not uncommon to", "corrected_text": " fairly well circumscribed, no increased mitotic activity. Because one of the things you can do to distinguish if you're not sure is a KI67. KI67 will be very low in basal cell hyperplasia. Even fluorid basal cell hyperplasia should not have a very high KI67 expression. In contrast, basal cell carcinoma, as no surprise, is actually with a high KI67 level. So that's something else. In cases in which one is struggling, that's something that may be helpful. Let me see. Yeah, this is just another example of basal cell hyperplasia. This is in a Terp specimen. So it's not uncommon to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Fairly', 'concept_id': 'C4086298', 'confidence': 0.9045276641845703}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'KI67', 'concept_id': 'C1334508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333990', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_797", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009072", "caption": "The pain cocktail stain is negative in the epithelial component.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Wild tumor with bad nuclei', 'Mitotic activity', 'Epithelial and spindle cell component', 'Pain cocktail stain']", "noisy_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and a stromal component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "corrected_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and spindle cell component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}], [{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'pain cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 0.9142165184020996}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_798", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006192", "caption": "Chronicity can cause architectural distortion in addition to nonspecific findings.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_eaef126a-2187-4240-8b4e-889be1f0fb4f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized test tubes in a rack kind of architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "corrected_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized tubular architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0010843', 'confidence': 0.7890887260437012}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tubular', 'concept_id': 'C0151747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_799", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008502", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['synovial sarcoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'FUS gene rearrangement']", "noisy_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put", "corrected_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS gene rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunohistochemistry findings. Put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Keratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TLE1', 'concept_id': 'C1420752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CREB3L2', 'concept_id': 'C1428221', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'genes', 'concept_id': 'C0017337', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Break apart FISH', 'concept_id': 'C3831569', 'confidence': 0.7467014789581299}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_800", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007767", "caption": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3e6de5d1-a982-4101-a41c-00b1deecdf6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "corrected_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'expressed', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sensitive', 'concept_id': 'C0020517', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'marker', 'concept_id': 'C0005516', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_801", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008018", "caption": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_0ef4ee74-1969-4d6a-8141-931c1ed6375d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.', 'Predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser myxoid bluish component.']", "noisy_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxo. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "corrected_text": " background fades out kind of quickly on H and E but the predominant color here is pink and I think this is one easy way to help remember this, fibromyxoid. The name says fibro before the word myxoid. So the fibro is the pink part, the myxoid is the bluish pale part and these tumors usually not always but usually have a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component so it looks more pink. The way I also remember it is some of the original tumors that Dr. Evans described were misdiagnosed originally as either fibroma which is a good example of why it's dangerous to call", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathology', 'concept_id': 'C0243140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.9253939986228943}], [{'entity': 'Fibro', 'concept_id': 'C0016053', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'pink', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bluish pale part', 'concept_id': 'C0392768', 'confidence': 0.6970505118370056}], [{'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'misdiagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0679838', 'confidence': 0.896425724029541}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_802", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007304", "caption": "Thick vessel wall with narrowed lumen seen in high power.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_803", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005513", "caption": "Nuclear stratification reaching the top of the epithelium with marked apoptosis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_37d22921-8a5f-4554-aff4-acc4b80f99cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Loss of mucin', 'Loss of cellular polarity', 'Nuclear stratification', 'Mitosis', 'Apoptosis']", "noisy_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "corrected_text": " This is proliferative. With ATP or without ATP? With ATP? With invasion or without invasion? In this field, we cannot judge the invasion. So this is a proliferation with ATP. And see the glands stratify. And loss of mucin or less of mucin. And there is loss of polarity. Look at this nuclei running like in this direction. Look at this nuclei running in this direction. So clearly, loss of polarity. And the nuclear stratification is reaching the top of the epithelium, marked apoptosis. It's too thick to see the mitosis, but here you can see the mitosis. So this is stratification, loss of mucin, mitosis, apoptosis. So this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proliferative cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.8005025386810303}, {'entity': 'ATP', 'concept_id': 'C0001480', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 0.7789753675460815}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_804", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005710", "caption": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ba400909-6dec-4a9b-9bf0-27f52d492e56.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'epithelial metaplasia', 'epithelial hyperplasia', 'nodular infiltrate', 'clear spaces', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells']", "noisy_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, quadricected shade biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metacyproplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "corrected_text": " from this lesion that hopefully you had a chance to look at, excisional biopsy. And one can see quite a bit of epithelial, pseudoepithelial metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia. I think I'm going to flip the slide and look at the top piece in the dermis. And one can see we have a nodular infiltrate in the dermis, lots and lots of clear spaces centrally, and then some darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pseudoepithelial metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1317977', 'confidence': 0.7813463807106018}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Nodular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0241130', 'confidence': 0.840809166431427}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_805", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009399", "caption": "Molecular pathology should not be used alone for diagnosis, but should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry findings.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put all of the picture together and make sure that the diagnosis makes sense. If it doesn't make sense, I always try to stop and think what's wrong here? Is something not working? Is the test false positive? What's the problem? Why doesn't this all add up? Of course", "corrected_text": " But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put all of the picture together and make sure that the diagnosis makes sense. If it doesn't make sense, I always try to stop and think what's wrong here? Is something not working? Is the test false positive? What's the problem? Why doesn't this all add up? Of course", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gene rearrangements', 'concept_id': 'C0017287', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gene rearrangements', 'concept_id': 'C0017287', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_806", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005561", "caption": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen', 'Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen']", "noisy_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemociderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "corrected_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemosiderotic variant of dermatofibroma of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0019618', 'confidence': 0.7253735065460205}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'trapping', 'concept_id': 'C0282665', 'confidence': 0.8904784917831421}, {'entity': 'ring siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.6553963422775269}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'aneurysmal type', 'concept_id': 'C0439651', 'confidence': 0.8459930419921875}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0018916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_807", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1004801", "caption": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation', 'sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_808", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004707", "caption": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bf11cb9b-379e-4afd-b476-37b8ad9a35e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.']", "noisy_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "corrected_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'active', 'concept_id': 'C0205177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_809", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009489", "caption": "The deep, large aggregations of clear staining cells with cuticular areas inside the ducts resemble a syringoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Aggregations of cells resembling a syringoma.']", "noisy_text": " except it's pretty deep, large and deep. Yeah, you're right. So if you look at the individual aggregations of cells, they do look a lot like a syringoma. That's clear staining cells here. They've got these little cuticular areas inside the ducts like you see here. And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of", "corrected_text": " except it's pretty deep, large and deep. Yeah, you're right. So if you look at the individual aggregations of cells, they do look a lot like a syringoma. That's clear staining cells here. They've got these little cuticular areas inside the ducts like you see here. And basically, another name for MAC that I actually like better is syringomatous carcinoma because it looks like a syringoma. And if you look at the individual cells, usually you don't see a lot of mitoses. There's not a lot of individual cellular atypia, not a lot of pleomorphism. It's really a neoplasm that causes problems because of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'deep', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'aggregations', 'concept_id': 'C0332621', 'confidence': 0.9210782051086426}, {'entity': 'clear staining cells', 'concept_id': 'C0229473', 'confidence': 0.7975835800170898}, {'entity': 'cuticular areas', 'concept_id': 'C2699479', 'confidence': 0.6761574745178223}, {'entity': 'ducts', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MAC/syringomatous carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346027', 'confidence': 0.7567015886306763}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular atypia/pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C1707333', 'confidence': 0.6986897587776184}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_810", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006815", "caption": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Peritoneal cells in gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa', 'Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach', 'Pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT', 'Acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach']", "noisy_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "corrected_text": " These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the stomach can show acinar structures resembling pancreas. Then it is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia. This can also happen in the small intestine. There, when you do staining for amylase or trypsin, it will be positive, but on H&E itself, you can see pancreatic acinar-like structures in the GIT. Then it will become pancreatic acinar metaplasia. Here is the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acinar structures', 'concept_id': 'C0678594', 'confidence': 0.7908228039741516}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}], [{'entity': 'Pancreatic acinar metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4021967', 'confidence': 0.7844848036766052}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'intestine', 'concept_id': 'C0021853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amylase', 'concept_id': 'C0002712', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trypsin', 'concept_id': 'C0041236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_811", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007331", "caption": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d9ce62c4-cc39-4986-a75b-6fa933f93feb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_812", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007214", "caption": "Not all prostate tumors are primary, some can be secondary from a distant site.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_550ce02e-2076-49b3-b29e-570bdd51b7e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['cutaneous structures', 'squamous pearls', 'cartilage', 'chondroit component', 'adnexal structures']", "noisy_text": " So remember, this is still in the prostate. So you see a lot of cutaneous structures. You see squamous pearls. You're beginning to see cartilage, because it looks like chondroit component to it, possible adnexal structures. So I think this gave the diagnosis away. This is a metastatic malignant teratoma to the prostate. I know it's not something you see every day, but I thought it would be an interesting case to show you, just to make the point that not all prosthetic tumors are primary. You can also have secondary prosthetic tumors. And they're not always from the usual suspects. They're not always from the bladder or the colorectum. You can have tumors metastasized into the process from a distant site. I talked about melanoma earlier, but in younger patients, it's not unusual to have this kind of scenario. It's rare, but you should always keep an open mind sometimes. So this patient actually had a malignant mixed germ cell tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this", "corrected_text": " So remember, this is still in the prostate. So you see a lot of cutaneous structures. You see squamous pearls. You're beginning to see cartilage, because it looks like chondroit component to it, possible adnexal structures. So I think this gave the diagnosis away. This is a metastatic malignant teratoma to the prostate. I know it's not something you see every day, but I thought it would be an interesting case to show you, just to make the point that not all prosthetic tumors are primary. You can also have secondary prosthetic tumors. And they're not always from the usual suspects. They're not always from the bladder or the colon or rectum. You can have tumors metastasized into the process from a distant site. I talked about melanoma earlier, but in younger patients, it's not unusual to have this kind of scenario. It's rare, but you should always keep an open mind sometimes. So this patient actually had a malignant mixed germ cell tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastatic malignant teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334520', 'confidence': 0.8136225938796997}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'prostate tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0033578', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'primary', 'concept_id': 'C0205225', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secondary', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distant site', 'concept_id': 'C0449639', 'confidence': 0.8222140669822693}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_813", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004414", "caption": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['neural hypertrophy', 'ganglion cells', 'submucosa', 'congenital megacolon', 'submucosa']", "noisy_text": " for example, carotid endoartrectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submicosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submicosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "corrected_text": " for example, carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submucosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submucosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carotid endarterectomy', 'concept_id': 'C0014099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abdominal aortic encephalopathy', 'concept_id': 'C0507867', 'confidence': 0.6308470964431763}, {'entity': 'cholesterol emboli', 'concept_id': 'C0149649', 'confidence': 0.8653062582015991}], [{'entity': 'Neural hypertrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0020564', 'confidence': 0.8345715999603271}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_814", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007506", "caption": "The biopsy is pathologic with mitosis and apoptosis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bd30a56c-9ede-4390-9b00-008bb58560e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "corrected_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'started', 'concept_id': 'C1272689', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_815", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007862", "caption": "There is loss of the cornified layer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['loss of the cornified layer']", "noisy_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulocidal abnormalities and dyskeratonic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the coronified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the coronified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "corrected_text": " And so, the other things we kind of talked about are a bit differential, but next slide. Nothing else really will give you this kind of localized circumscribed area like this, so it's not poro. That would have a coronal lamella with granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. We don't see that here, so this is just a loss of the cornified layer. And there's one other condition where you kind of get, where are some other little clonal, you know, somatic mutations that you can get abnormalities in the epithelium that occur just in localized areas. That's not like loss of the cornified layer. We'll put a couple of other diseases where you see just local areas that are abnormal, and you get normal skin to the side. So, poro is one. We'll put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'circumscribed area', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 0.9260231852531433}, {'entity': 'granulomatous abnormalities', 'concept_id': 'C0439667', 'confidence': 0.7099277377128601}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C1512099', 'confidence': 0.9701507091522217}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'localized', 'concept_id': 'C0392752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormality', 'concept_id': 'C1704258', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'somatic mutations', 'concept_id': 'C0544886', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_816", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005762", "caption": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5f486045-06ed-4a5e-8e56-1022cf892b7a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria', 'colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria', 'colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "corrected_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0227351', 'confidence': 0.8191195130348206}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_817", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009248", "caption": "High power view shows apoptosis and mitosis, diagnostic criteria for dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stratification and loss of mucin seen in one area.', 'Stratification and loss of mucin seen in one area.']", "noisy_text": " Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here, stratification has started, loss of mucin. So stratification, loss of mucin. And when you go to high power, you can see lot of apoptosis and lot of mitosis. So this is a diagnostic criteria for dysplasia. Stratification, loss of mucin. See the amount of goblet cells, mucin. You see the amount of goblet cells. This loss of mucin or less of mucin. Again, another normal epithelium. So this is the area, pyramidal area, that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there", "corrected_text": " Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here, stratification has started, loss of mucin. So stratification, loss of mucin. And when you go to high power, you can see lot of apoptosis and lot of mitosis. So this is a diagnostic criteria for dysplasia. Stratification, loss of mucin. See the amount of goblet cells, mucin. You see the amount of goblet cells. This loss of mucin or less of mucin. Again, another normal epithelium. So this is the area, pyramidal area, that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Single layer of', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 0.6987537741661072}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnostic criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0679228', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}], [{'entity': 'Pyramidal area', 'concept_id': 'C2323328', 'confidence': 0.8333803415298462}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_818", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004777", "caption": "The patient in the case had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating a sexually transmitted infectious proctitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_aec6939d-1a5a-413f-9b4d-0748696ed537.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia', 'sexually transmitted infectious proctitis', 'inflammation', 'positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia', 'sexually transmitted infectious proctitis', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " infection maybe or any type of infection. So not a bad idea always to look for your CMV. Yeah. But the other thing that we're seeing a resurgence of is of sexually transmitted infectious proctitis, namely syphilis and chlamydia. And this is a bit of an abnormal case because actually Dr. Montgomery got this case and she showed it to me and said, I think this is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had", "corrected_text": " infection maybe or any type of infection. So not a bad idea always to look for your CMV. Yeah. But the other thing that we're seeing a resurgence of is of sexually transmitted infectious proctitis, namely syphilis and chlamydia. And this is a bit of an abnormal case because actually Dr. Montgomery got this case and she showed it to me and said, I think this is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleic acid amplification testing', 'concept_id': 'C0200932', 'confidence': 0.938366174697876}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sexually transmitted', 'concept_id': 'C1519280', 'confidence': 0.9033694863319397}, {'entity': 'infectious proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0400831', 'confidence': 0.8619710206985474}], [{'entity': 'STI-related proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0537521', 'confidence': 0.6025350689888}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_819", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006276", "caption": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_a63162a5-2a38-4225-964d-be807514f435.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers']", "noisy_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "corrected_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_820", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007114", "caption": "Loss of surface epithelial injury and mucin, and expanded lamina propria can make tissue appear blue.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0ccbf22b-291f-4fef-bebf-ca52a3de83bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['surface epithelial injury', 'superficial mucin', 'lamina propria', 'syncytial-like surface epithelium', 'intrapithelial cells', 'surface epithelial injury', 'superficial mucin', 'lamina propria', 'syncytial-like surface epithelium', 'intrapithelial cells']", "noisy_text": " We just know what is normal and what too much is too much. Besides having that, the low power appearance, of course, will have a lack of significant architectural distortion. And you will see it will look a little bit blue. Where's my arrow? It will look somewhat blue at low power because there's loss of surface epithelial injury, loss of superficial mucin, and the lamina propria will be expanded. That's one case. And here's another, a little bit more of a dramatic appearance with really, really good syncytial-like looking surface epithelial with tons of intrapithelial lymphocytes and", "corrected_text": " We just know what is normal and what too much is too much. Besides having that, the low power appearance, of course, will have a lack of significant architectural distortion. And you will see it will look a little bit blue. Where's my arrow? It will look somewhat blue at low power because there's loss of surface epithelial injury, loss of superficial mucin, and the lamina propria will be expanded. That's one case. And here's another, a little bit more of a dramatic appearance with really, really good syncytial-like looking surface epithelial with tons of intrapithelial lymphocytes and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lack', 'concept_id': 'C0332268', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Syncytial-like surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 0.6702060103416443}, {'entity': 'intrapithelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0014597', 'confidence': 0.7846651077270508}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_821", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005942", "caption": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_822", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008292", "caption": "Small, round, isolated intradermal nevus is not typical of this type of cancer.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_7087ff7c-e736-45d6-895a-e3ec54e79ddb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Located in a digital acral location.']", "noisy_text": " You probably do, but you just forgot it temporarily. Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma. Oh, yeah. Because that's in a digital acral location. You have to think about that. It's not usually a small, round, isolated mid-dermal papule like we see here. So I like your idea of possible metastatic lesion. And so in general, when you look at something that seems to be small and symmetrical and well circumscribed at low power, and then you go to a higher value case and say, you know, there's some", "corrected_text": " You probably do, but you just forgot it temporarily. Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma. Oh, yeah. Because that's in a digital acral location. You have to think about that. It's not usually a small, round, isolated mid-dermal papule like we see here. So I like your idea of possible metastatic lesion. And so in general, when you look at something that seems to be small and symmetrical and well circumscribed at low power, and then you go to a higher value case and say, you know, there's some", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1367789', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital acral', 'concept_id': 'C0442015', 'confidence': 0.8231403231620789}, {'entity': 'location', 'concept_id': 'C0450429', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Metastatic lesion', 'concept_id': 'C1513183', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'isolated', 'concept_id': 'C0205409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intradermal nevus', 'concept_id': 'C0206737', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_823", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008340", "caption": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_824", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005602", "caption": "Suspicion of the tumor coming from some other organ if not connected to the epidermis.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " What neoplasms in the skin do have a myxoid stroma but also the glandular differentiation? PCCs can have... Sometimes they can, yeah. But this one was not connected to the epidermis in any way. No, not at all. And that raises suspicion like maybe this is coming from some other organ. Okay, a metastatic leaf can do that. Yeah, like breast or some... What part of the body are we on? We are acral. Yeah, we are acral. What is a glandular neoplasm in an acral site that can sometimes have a somewhat myxoid stroma? And their neoplasm in acral... I'm not", "corrected_text": " What neoplasms in the skin do have a myxoid stroma but also the glandular differentiation? PCCs can have... Sometimes they can, yeah. But this one was not connected to the epidermis in any way. No, not at all. And that raises suspicion like maybe this is coming from some other organ. Okay, a metastatic leaf can do that. Yeah, like breast or some... What part of the body are we on? We are acral. Yeah, we are acral. What is a glandular neoplasm in an acral site that can sometimes have a somewhat myxoid stroma? And their neoplasm in acral... I'm not", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1334857', 'confidence': 0.8506528735160828}, {'entity': 'glandular differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1711212', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PCCs', 'concept_id': 'C1454906', 'confidence': 0.6863886713981628}], [{'entity': 'Suspicion', 'concept_id': 'C0242114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organ', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Metastatic lesion', 'concept_id': 'C1513183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'glandular neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0205854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acral sites', 'concept_id': 'C0205145', 'confidence': 0.7343063950538635}, {'entity': 'myxoid stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1334857', 'confidence': 0.8506528735160828}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_825", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004254", "caption": "The appearance of a lesion can be misleading and resemble a benign keratosis, but it is important to check for orderly maturation to rule out squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ccdc6bc-4c59-4185-a322-d10deafd6901.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['pigmented Bowen', 'interface dermatitis', 'punch biopsy', 'trunk or proximal']", "noisy_text": " of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally Bowen's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get", "corrected_text": " of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally Bowen's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'misleading', 'concept_id': 'C0439049', 'confidence': 0.7600560784339905}, {'entity': 'benign keratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0334014', 'confidence': 0.7782552242279053}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proximal', 'concept_id': 'C0205107', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'interface dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0262981', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_826", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007285", "caption": "The presence of darker staining cells at the periphery, along with lymphocytes and scattered plasma cells, suggests the presence of infected histiocytes with small organisms within their cytoplasm.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_255bd45b-c290-43f1-bcd7-9a28cf1ef870.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Darker staining cells at the periphery', 'Organisms present within the cytoplasm of histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at", "corrected_text": " darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'darker staining cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007600', 'confidence': 0.5783368945121765}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.8106848001480103}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_827", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004342", "caption": "The biopsy specimen shows a hyperplastic epidermis that is papillary with an inflammatory infiltrate and several discrete cornoid lamella formation.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer (cornoid lamella)', 'Vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer (cornoid lamella)']", "noisy_text": " cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this lesion however, we can see that we've got this vertical column of pericaratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer and this is very characteristic and meets all the criteria for a cornoid lamella. So we have this hyperplastic epidermis that is papillated with an inflammatory infiltrate and several discrete cornoid lamella formation across the biopsy specimen and this constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porocaratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large plaques in", "corrected_text": " cells and also if we look in the papillary dermis between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis. Looking over at the far edge of this lesion however, we can see that we've got this vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer and this is very characteristic and meets all the criteria for a cornoid lamella. So we have this hyperplastic epidermis that is papillary with an inflammatory infiltrate and several discrete cornoid lamella formation across the biopsy specimen and this constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large plaques in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'papillary', 'concept_id': 'C0205312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C3887644', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'discrete cornoid lamella formation', 'concept_id': 'C3552548', 'confidence': 0.7204381823539734}], [{'entity': 'constellation', 'concept_id': 'C5227392', 'confidence': 0.6721397042274475}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_828", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007973", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Neutrophils in the epithelium indicating cryptitis', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess', 'Gastric biopsy for H. pylori with crypt abscess']", "noisy_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "corrected_text": " Please remember, presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity. But architectural change by the way of irregular size, shape, and distributed glands is an indication of chronicity. Criteria for chronicity. Yeah, you see nicely neutrophils sitting in the epithelium. Can you all see neutrophils sitting in the epithelium? So this is cryptitis. It is stomach, even though I'm using the term. But I just want to know whether you are able to understand or not. This is a gastric biopsy where you have to look for H. pylori because the H. pylori secrete some chemotactic factors for neutrophils. That's why the neutrophils come. And this is a crypt abscess. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gland size', 'concept_id': 'C0426336', 'confidence': 0.8790121674537659}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distribution', 'concept_id': 'C0037775', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'H. pylori infection', 'concept_id': 'C0850666', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_829", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006496", "caption": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7d63d98a-cafd-4ea1-982a-8df59db88ce8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['neural hypertrophy', 'ganglion cells', 'submucosa', 'congenital megacolon', 'neural hypertrophy', 'ganglion cells', 'submucosa', 'congenital megacolon']", "noisy_text": " for example, carotid endoartrectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submicosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submicosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "corrected_text": " for example, carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submucosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submucosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carotid endarterectomy', 'concept_id': 'C0014099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abdominal aortic encephalopathy', 'concept_id': 'C0507867', 'confidence': 0.6308470964431763}, {'entity': 'cholesterol emboli', 'concept_id': 'C0149649', 'confidence': 0.8653062582015991}], [{'entity': 'Neural hypertrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0020564', 'confidence': 0.8345715999603271}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_830", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007983", "caption": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['round organisms', 'histiocytes', 'infected histiocytes', 'organisms of this size', 'cytoplasm', 'histoplasmosis', 'leishmaniasis', 'periphery of the cell', 'histiocytes', 'organisms of this size', 'cytoplasm', 'histoplasmosis', 'leishmaniasis']", "noisy_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see parasitized histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the so-called marquee sign", "corrected_text": " one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at the periphery of the histiocytes are about one to two microns. And as you'll see in a subsequent slide, when you see infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm, you're either dealing with histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis. And of the two, leishmaniasis has a tendency to cluster at the periphery of the cell producing the socalled marquee sign", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Round organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.813967227935791}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microns', 'concept_id': 'C0439201', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diameter', 'concept_id': 'C1301886', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histoplasmosis', 'concept_id': 'C0019655', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Leishmaniasis', 'concept_id': 'C0023281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cluster', 'concept_id': 'C1555715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'cell', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_831", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009098", "caption": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils', 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_832", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005985", "caption": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5750d535-b90e-4a34-bb16-2c47c6108757.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'absence of plasma cells', 'negative HHV8 stain']", "noisy_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "corrected_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 0.9617650508880615}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_833", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007964", "caption": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'papillary projections', 'extravasated erythrocytes', 'dilated vessels', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces']", "noisy_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasma here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a bifasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the plump endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "corrected_text": " into the limina. If you look around, you can see these papillary projections. There are a few extravasated erythrocytes present within the stroma. So clearly, we've got this vascular neoplasm here with these dilated endothelial line spaces, but it's got kind of a biphasic pattern. Centrally, we've got these dilated vessels, but peripheral and beneath that zone, the vessels are somewhat more compressed. They're still lined by some of the enlarged endothelial cells. And in these various where the vessels are compressed, they kind of appear to dissect between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated endothelial line spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0014257', 'confidence': 0.6450937390327454}, {'entity': 'biphasic pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1332555', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peripheral', 'concept_id': 'C0205100', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central zone', 'concept_id': 'C0458698', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'enlarged', 'concept_id': 'C0442800', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plump', 'concept_id': 'C1836543', 'confidence': 0.7694027423858643}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_834", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006626", "caption": "Presence of eosinophils in cytosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized test tubes in a rack kind of architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "corrected_text": " cytosis that includes some eosinophils. So, the other trich I like to use, and I heard this from Dr. Appelman one time when he was lecturing, and he described crypt architecture in cases with inflammatory bowel disease, you no longer have that nice organized tubular architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0010843', 'confidence': 0.7890887260437012}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tubular', 'concept_id': 'C0151747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_835", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007650", "caption": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Large fat microcysts', 'Membranous lipodystrophy at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Arabesque-type fibular material at the periphery of the fat microcysts', 'Remnant cell walls of adipocytes at the periphery of the fat microcysts']", "noisy_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "corrected_text": " inflammation. There aren't many viable adipocytes left here. A lot of the adipocytes have kind of ruptured and fused, and so we've got these large fat microcysts, and if we look at the periphery of the fat microcyst, we've got this lipomembranous change, this kind of arabesque-type fibular material out at the periphery, which basically represents coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes. In addition, within the surrounding tissue, there's a little bit of fibrosis. There are a few lipophages and a very sparse infiltrative", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'left', 'concept_id': 'C0205091', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Membranous lipodystrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0406599', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}], [{'entity': 'Coalescence', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.8749340176582336}, {'entity': 'remnant', 'concept_id': 'C3272697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell walls', 'concept_id': 'C0007623', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'fat microcysts', 'concept_id': 'C1513269', 'confidence': 0.871767520904541}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_836", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008865", "caption": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'abnormal maturation of keratinocytes', 'hyperchromatic cells', 'melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes']", "noisy_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "corrected_text": " I think would be reasonable considerations. However, if we move to higher power and begin to study the epidermis a little bit more carefully we can see that there's clear-cut abnormal maturation of keratinocytes here. We've got full thickness keratinocytic atypia with nucleic acid or pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0022567', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickness', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'keratinocytic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.6335055828094482}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 0.823300302028656}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dendritic melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 0.7694142460823059}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_837", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008377", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease', 'uveitis with characteristic features', 'granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "corrected_text": " patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's a giant cell right there, but there was a better one right there. So they're like kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treated', 'concept_id': 'C1522326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_838", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004346", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive', 'poorly differentiated cells', 'lamina propria', 'lymphoma', 'CD20 IHC positive']", "noisy_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "corrected_text": " Here, what is happening? Very poorly differentiated cells, high grade malignancy. Again, definitely, it is proliferative disease with the ATP. Again, invasion metastasis, we cannot see from this picture. But whenever you see this much of poorly differentiated cells in the gastric biopsy or in the colonic biopsy, and predominantly the atypical cells are situated in the lamina propria, think of lymphoma. This is a CD20 IHC, strongly positive. So this is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type. So we are done with surface epithelium. We are done", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 0.9036805629730225}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD20', 'concept_id': 'C1417326', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IHC', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024305', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_839", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004904", "caption": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc9707a0-14b9-4e6c-9d02-b18c978b5a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['spindle-shaped cells', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_840", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005268", "caption": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7fa7d364-aa53-4c5c-919d-1c9e084f241a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Nuclei reaching the surface']", "noisy_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriformic for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "corrected_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriform for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraluminal proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.7116578221321106}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_841", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007915", "caption": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'nail bed', 'matrix epithelium', 'melanocytes forming nests', 'pagetoid pattern', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " we've got nail bed and matricle epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matricle epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "corrected_text": " we've got nail bed and matrix epithelium. I believe this must be some nail fold, a portion of the nail fold, and then in the bottom piece of tissue in these sections we actually have matrix epithelium and you can see the rete or somewhat hyperplastic. And on higher power examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sample', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nail', 'concept_id': 'C0027342', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_842", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008935", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_843", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008608", "caption": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis', 'infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue', 'brown pigment near the surface', 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'll confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "corrected_text": " a large punch biopsy. And I think this actually was two punch biopsies from one lesion, each one bisected. And we can see that we've got an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate appears to be compressing the fat rather than growing in between the adipocytes. And I think it's scanning magnification, you know, one of the things that you can really begin to appreciate, not only the fact that this lesion is partially sampled, that it extends to the base and edges of the specimen, but one can begin to appreciate abundant hemorrhage within this tumor. And in addition, we can see some brown pigment near the surface. And common sense will tell you where there's smoke, there's fire. Since we do have all this abundant hemorrhage, there's a high probability that the pigment, this brownish gold pigment that we're seeing up near the surface of the specimen is likely hemocentaurant rather than melanin. But we'confirm that when we go down to a higher power. As we move in, we can see that the epidermis is slightly hyperplastic. We've got this cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis and we'll need to go down and take a look at this infiltrate. It appears a little less dense at the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'filling', 'concept_id': 'C0178866', 'confidence': 0.7777882218360901}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'subcutaneous tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0222331', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Excessive', 'concept_id': 'C0442802', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'brown pigment near', 'concept_id': 'C4555503', 'confidence': 0.865685760974884}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'cellular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C1692321', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_844", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007771", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_845", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009444", "caption": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_89087849-ec8f-4550-8740-0151d00b6738.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "corrected_text": " that is pathologic in this biopsy. And there is mitosis and apoptosis. Remember, these four criteria for dysplasia. See again here, stratification has started. But you see, mucin is less. It is, I won't say lost. It is less. And this stratified nuclei reach the middle third. They are not touching the upper top of the apical membrane. They are reaching the middle third predominantly. Okay, that is one important point. And other one is, look at this nuclei. They are all traveling in one direction. So the polarity is maintained. Okay, so those two points are very important. And the third one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pathologic', 'concept_id': 'C1521733', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitosis', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'apoptosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162638', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stratification', 'concept_id': 'C1514983', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'started', 'concept_id': 'C1272689', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'middle', 'concept_id': 'C0227972', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0596963', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_846", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006383", "caption": "Pathologists must differentiate between fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents when analyzing crescents.", "image_path": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_ce6107a2-3c60-4280-86b2-8f83f49d17fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure compressing the glomerulus', 'Compressed glomerulus forming a crescent', 'Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure compressing the glomerulus', 'Compressed glomerulus forming a crescent']", "noisy_text": " If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one, right? Now with this information, let's go and look at this glomeruli again. Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I", "corrected_text": " If you see this, these are nothing but your peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure coming and compressing the glomeruli. That's one, right? Now with this information, let's go and look at this glomeruli again. Look at this glomeruli. This is the capsule. Everything else is compressed. So can I call this a beautiful crescent? Yes. So as a pathologist, when you compare the crescent, you have to say whether it's a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent because that also makes sense here. Here, I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Peritoneal', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial hyperpressure', 'concept_id': 'C0014599', 'confidence': 0.6601702570915222}, {'entity': 'compress', 'concept_id': 'C0180053', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glomerulus', 'concept_id': 'C0022663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescent', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Pathologists', 'concept_id': 'C0334866', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crescents', 'concept_id': 'C0444628', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_847", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004815", "caption": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_848", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007059", "caption": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_5decb0dd-359e-469d-8efb-95f2607ea6e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['scattered little nuclei', 'scattered little nuclei', 'cell type making protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue']", "noisy_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "corrected_text": " So here's, here's, here's this one. So number sixteen, what is this Connective Tissue and tell me the name of the scattered little nuclei, we see the nuclei all throughout here. Most of these nuclei belong to what cell, that cell is making the protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue. So what cell type is living in here that's making these protein fibers and the ground substance in this Connective Tissue? That was number sixteen. Here's this one, seeing it again, this one's not quite as clear, you can see the protein fibers here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell type', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'ground substance', 'concept_id': 'C1253945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_849", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007212", "caption": "The cells around the edge of the rosettes tend to get more round and almost epithelioid, forming a perivascular pseudorosette.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_306335b2-2cec-4f66-9a1e-830694a796bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Perivascular pseudorosette with cells clustering around the edge.']", "noisy_text": " rosettes example and here this one actually this is basically a little rosette it's got a vessel in the middle but look what we're seeing here on the edge is what's described that you often see the other case didn't show it nicely but around the edge of the rosettes the cells tend to get more round and almost epithelioid and kind of cluster around the edge of the rosette so I think that's a really good example here of kind of a collagen rosette and the larger kind of more round but still very bland and monomorphic uniform cells that", "corrected_text": " rosettes example and here this one actually this is basically a little rosette it's got a vessel in the middle but look what we're seeing here on the edge is what's described that you often see the other case didn't show it nicely but around the edge of the rosettes the cells tend to get more round and almost epithelioid and kind of cluster around the edge of the rosette so I think that's a really good example here of kind of a perivascular pseudorosette and the larger kind of more round but still very bland and monomorphic uniform cells that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelioid', 'concept_id': 'C0014603', 'confidence': 0.8891293406486511}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pseudorosette', 'concept_id': 'C1335569', 'confidence': 0.8461084365844727}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_850", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005450", "caption": "The concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia is essential and can be applied in various organs, including the pancreas, gallbladder, bile duct, breast, and prostate.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5434d6f7-8537-4fb9-91a7-bb9f399527fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it wherever you want. These are all in the GI tract known as adenomatous changes with the low-grade or high-grade dysplasia. In the other organs, it is known as dysplastic changes with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal", "corrected_text": " This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia is very, very essential because you can apply this criteria in any organ. You can apply it in the pancreas. You can apply it in the gallbladder. You can apply it in the bile duct. Even you can apply it in the breast. You can apply it in the prostate. You can apply it wherever you want. These are all in the GI tract known as adenomatous changes with the low-grade or high-grade dysplasia. In the other organs, it is known as dysplastic changes with the low-grade and the high-grade dysplasia. This is a beautiful picture I got it from the Google where it looks normal", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'essential', 'concept_id': 'C0205224', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pancreas', 'concept_id': 'C0030274', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gallbladder', 'concept_id': 'C0016976', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bile duct', 'concept_id': 'C0005400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'breast', 'concept_id': 'C0006141', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Adenomatous', 'concept_id': 'C0333981', 'confidence': 0.785536527633667}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'GI tract', 'concept_id': 'C0017189', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'organs', 'concept_id': 'C0178784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_851", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006993", "caption": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_350e8de4-ae29-411b-a9ce-6c4697d869d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['coalescing masses of granulomas', 'expanding the lamina propria', 'coalescing masses of granulomas', 'expanding the lamina propria', 'expanding the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " Crohn's. No. Why is it not Crohn's? So two main reasons why it's not Crohn's. So number one, the architecture is completely preserved. Okay. That can happen in Crohn's. Why not? The granulomas are too good to be true. You can have granulomas sometimes will form in Crohn's of course, rarely, but they won't be coalescing. They won't be expanding the lamina propria to this degree. So if you have coalescing masses of granulomas, quite romantic. I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if", "corrected_text": " Crohn's. No. Why is it not Crohn's? So two main reasons why it's not Crohn's. So number one, the architecture is completely preserved. Okay. That can happen in Crohn's. Why not? The granulomas are too good to be true. You can have granulomas sometimes will form in Crohn's of course, rarely, but they won't be coalescing. They won't be expanding the lamina propria to this degree. So if you have coalescing masses of granulomas, quite romantic. I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_852", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009105", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['lymphocytes', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'cytoplasm']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_853", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007288", "caption": "Syncytial-like surface epithelium with intrapithelial cells is present in another case.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_dbb55e5b-acbf-4660-9bc4-525721662a45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['surface epithelial injury', 'superficial mucin', 'lamina propria', 'syncytial-like surface epithelium', 'intrapithelial cells']", "noisy_text": " We just know what is normal and what too much is too much. Besides having that, the low power appearance, of course, will have a lack of significant architectural distortion. And you will see it will look a little bit blue. Where's my arrow? It will look somewhat blue at low power because there's loss of surface epithelial injury, loss of superficial mucin, and the lamina propria will be expanded. That's one case. And here's another, a little bit more of a dramatic appearance with really, really good syncytial-like looking surface epithelial with tons of intrapithelial lymphocytes and", "corrected_text": " We just know what is normal and what too much is too much. Besides having that, the low power appearance, of course, will have a lack of significant architectural distortion. And you will see it will look a little bit blue. Where's my arrow? It will look somewhat blue at low power because there's loss of surface epithelial injury, loss of superficial mucin, and the lamina propria will be expanded. That's one case. And here's another, a little bit more of a dramatic appearance with really, really good syncytial-like looking surface epithelial with tons of intrapithelial lymphocytes and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lack', 'concept_id': 'C0332268', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architectural', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 0.8758222460746765}], [{'entity': 'Loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue', 'concept_id': 'C1260957', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Syncytial-like surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 0.6702060103416443}, {'entity': 'intrapithelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0014597', 'confidence': 0.7846651077270508}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_854", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008170", "caption": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_122f8ebc-3fcb-439a-b433-34aad5db121d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['bloody bowel movement', 'IBD evaluation', 'architectural distortion', 'missing gland', 'bifurcation', 'crypt dropout', 'granulation tissue', 'crypt microabscesses', 'cryptitis', 'bloody bowel movement', 'IBD evaluation', 'architectural distortion', 'missing gland', 'bifurcation', 'crypt dropout', 'granulation tissue', 'crypt microabscesses', 'cryptitis']", "noisy_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "corrected_text": " So moving along to number three, Hamar. Can you read the history please? Yeah. It's 44 years old HIV male with a bloody bowel movement and polio arthritis condition concerned about IBD. Okay. So are you gonna, are we gonna stamp him with IBD? Not yet. No, because we already saw IBD, right? So what would you say about the architectural distortion? So some sections, there's no distortion, but in some area we can see there's a lot of missing gland and the distortion of the maybe some bifurcation, right? Yeah. So some bifurcation, some crypt dropout, lots of granulation tissue, and we have plenty in the way of activity. Yeah. So I would say more than I'm used to seeing in this process. So good crypt micro abscesses and cryptitis. And then bear", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'HIV-positive', 'concept_id': 'C4287934', 'confidence': 0.6893086433410645}, {'entity': 'male', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bloody bowel movement', 'concept_id': 'C0151594', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'post-polio syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C0080040', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evaluated', 'concept_id': 'C0220825', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Architectural distortion', 'concept_id': 'C2826609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'bifurcation', 'concept_id': 'C0184906', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dropout', 'concept_id': 'C0013135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulation tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0018180', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'microabscesses', 'concept_id': 'C0333373', 'confidence': 0.879554271697998}, {'entity': 'cryptitis', 'concept_id': 'C1394254', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_855", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006804", "caption": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_856", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009195", "caption": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['myxoid features', 'fine delicate collagen', 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'fibrous areas', 'cellular areas', 'MUC4 stain']", "noisy_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "corrected_text": " Here's again the myxoid background I really think this is very helpful. The very very fine delicate collagen that you see. Now areas like this I think can kind of resemble what you see in a so-called cellular intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxomas are usually very blue and myxoid very hypocellular but sometimes they get more fibrous and more cellular areas. And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'cellular', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'intramuscular', 'concept_id': 'C0442117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular areas', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7882957458496094}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'confirm', 'concept_id': 'C0521093', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_857", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007569", "caption": "Muscle hyperplasia in the lamina propria is abnormal and should only be present in the muscularis mucosa.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']", "noisy_text": " You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "corrected_text": " You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C2265913', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_858", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007825", "caption": "Pattern of inflammation can be observed in patients with chlamydia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Yeah. Nope. Endoscopically and histologically, proximal biopsies are normal. Yeah. So the clinical also, if you know what the endoscopic procedure show, that's really, really helpful. You know, the patient's male. Have I had cases in females? No. Have I tried to give females STI proctitis? Yes. Have I been running every single case? Yes. Are there cases reported of patients with rectal chlamydia? Yes, but I have not come across. I'm the only one that we had turned out to be a transgender female. Another, you know, episode where I went down the tubes is I suggested the possibility of STI proctitis in this male patient because it really looked like STI proctitis. A year later, he gets another biopsy and it's full blown IBD. So early in the course of IBD, STI proctitis can really, the cases can look a lot like STI proctitis. So yeah. And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is", "corrected_text": " Yeah. Nope. Endoscopically and histologically, proximal biopsies are normal. Yeah. So the clinical also, if you know what the endoscopic procedure show, that's really, really helpful. You know, the patient's male. Have I had cases in females? No. Have I tried to give females STI proctitis? Yes. Have I been running every single case? Yes. Are there cases reported of patients with rectal chlamydia? Yes, but I have not come across. I'm the only one that we had turned out to be a transgender female. Another, you know, episode where I went down the tubes is I suggested the possibility of STI proctitis in this male patient because it really looked like STI proctitis. A year later, he gets another biopsy and it's full active IBD. So early in the course of IBD, STI proctitis can really, the cases can look a lot like STI proctitis. So yeah. And this is a patient with chlamydia. I'm sorry, the slide is a little bit faded. I don't know why because it's from 2015, but this is just goes to show you how the pattern of inflammation and distortion is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proximal', 'concept_id': 'C0205107', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'endoscopically', 'concept_id': 'C0014245', 'confidence': 0.7536628842353821}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'early', 'concept_id': 'C1279919', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'IBD', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rectal chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 0.8654578924179077}], [{'entity': 'Pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_859", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004250", "caption": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. Myxofibrosarcomas are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "corrected_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. myxofibrosarcoma are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Evans tumor', 'concept_id': 'C2697858', 'confidence': 0.6359843015670776}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'aneuploidy', 'concept_id': 'C0002938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'random', 'concept_id': 'C0034656', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gains', 'concept_id': 'C1517378', 'confidence': 0.7974324226379395}, {'entity': 'losses', 'concept_id': 'C0018840', 'confidence': 0.786555290222168}], [{'entity': 'myxoid areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.8464413285255432}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'fibrous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.783623218536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_860", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004713", "caption": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['No clefting between the lesion', 'No clefting between the lesion']", "noisy_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodyscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "corrected_text": " and the follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue. And it's kind of got this pretty characteristic, it's kind of a relatively dense fibrous stroma. It's not loose and mixoid like the stroma you see around the basal cell carcinoma. Notice that there's no clefting between this, like we see with the basal cell carcinoma. So this is fibrofolliculoma. There's two other lesions that are associated with that. They're really the same lesion. In other words, if you just get mostly fibrous with a little teensy, tiny strand of epithelium left, that's either going to be a trichodiscoma or a perifollicular fibroma. And those are really, they're probably really all the same lesion, just they kind of look a little bit different. So that's kind of important to know that from the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Describes', 'concept_id': 'C1552738', 'confidence': 0.7625278830528259}, {'entity': 'physical characteristics', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 0.8302092552185059}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Trichodiscoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perifollicular fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C1704236', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346011', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_861", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005611", "caption": "The glands in the area being examined show patchy positivity for basal cell markers, but some are completely negative, causing concern for cancer. However, this is actually a benign process called partial atrophy.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Glands with patchy basal positivity', 'Partially atrophic glands with varying cytoplasm and cystic dilation']", "noisy_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or amarkar, so-called amarkar, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'll share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "corrected_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or AMACR, so-called AMACR, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patchy', 'concept_id': 'C0205413', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positivity', 'concept_id': 'C4280732', 'confidence': 0.8599872589111328}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign process', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7677057981491089}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Partial atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C1265892', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic glands', 'concept_id': 'C5194745', 'confidence': 0.8184286952018738}, {'entity': 'cystically', 'concept_id': 'C0205207', 'confidence': 0.6787945628166199}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_862", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005312", "caption": "Discussion of panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia in the context of inflammatory processes.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_23797393-6952-4b1e-bd77-65cd0998fcbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['panic cell metaplasia', 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " chronicity? Yes, panic cell metaplasia. Is it specific? No. Can you see it in like drugs and other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and", "corrected_text": " chronicity? Yes, panic cell metaplasia. Is it specific? No. Can you see it in like drugs and other like, collagenous colitis, other types of inflammatory processes? Yes. So, the other finding would be pyloric gland metaplasia, which I find a little bit more difficult to spot if you're not really looking for it because the glands kind of blend in to the, you know, the background colonic mucosa. But once you learn to look for it, you'll find and we'll see a little bit of it further down the road. So, this is a case of inflammatory bowel disease. And this is what I like to compare everything to in order to avoid labeling patients with IBD who don't have IBD and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'panic cell metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 0.7588340044021606}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'context', 'concept_id': 'C0449255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory processes', 'concept_id': 'C0333348', 'confidence': 0.7974503636360168}], [{'entity': 'Pyloric gland', 'concept_id': 'C0227239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'practice', 'concept_id': 'C0237607', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_863", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008421", "caption": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles', 'Stellate fibroblasts', 'Telangiectasis', 'Bizarre and irregular blood vessels', 'Fibroblasts with irregular and bizarre morphology']", "noisy_text": " There's homogenization of collagen bundles. There's all of this. There's very few scattered little stellate fibroblasts. Yeah, good. So, what's the diagnosis? It's chronic radiation dermatitis. Yeah, chronic radiation dermatitis. And this is probably from the radiation. Now, it looks like solar elastosis. There may be some solar elastosis also. But if you radiate somebody's skin, they get elastotic material also. So, UV is not the only thing that causes that. You can get solar elastosis. You can also get radiation-induced elastosis. So, this is chronic radiation dermatitis in this case. You can get telangiectasis. Sometimes the blood vessels can be kind of bizarre and irregular also, fibroblasts can be stellated and irregular and bizarre. So, I don't remember what this patient had, why they were radiated, but this was chronic radiodermatitis. And they often", "corrected_text": " There's homogenization of collagen bundles. There's all of this. There's very few scattered little stellate fibroblasts. Yeah, good. So, what's the diagnosis? It's chronic radiation dermatitis. Yeah, chronic radiation dermatitis. And this is probably from the radiation. Now, it looks like solar elastosis. There may be some solar elastosis also. But if you radiate somebody's skin, they get elastotic material also. So, UV is not the only thing that causes that. You can get solar elastosis. You can also get radiation-induced elastosis. So, this is chronic radiation dermatitis in this case. You can get telangiectasis. Sometimes the blood vessels can be kind of bizarre and irregular also, fibroblasts can be stellate and irregular and bizarre. So, I don't remember what this patient had, why they were radiated, but this was chronic radiodermatitis. And they often", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Homogenization necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 0.5868868231773376}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stellate', 'concept_id': 'C0205141', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'fibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chronic radiation dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0263607', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_864", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009421", "caption": "Presence of cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'Polyform and single cells in some glands', 'Cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells']", "noisy_text": " So you have both an infiltrative process, which looks like conventional prostate cancer. Some of the glands are polyform. Some of them are actually single cells. So this is a high-grade tumor, very busy, very busy slide. And then you have cribriform glands that look like they are surrounded by basal cells. So the question is, what do you do with this kind of morphology? What do you call this? But we'll get to that in a second. Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have", "corrected_text": " So you have both an infiltrative process, which looks like conventional prostate cancer. Some of the glands are polyform. Some of them are actually single cells. So this is a high-grade tumor, very busy, very busy slide. And then you have cribriform glands that look like they are surrounded by basal cells. So the question is, what do you do with this kind of morphology? What do you call this? But we'll get to that in a second. Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrative process', 'concept_id': 'C4527217', 'confidence': 0.8470810055732727}, {'entity': 'adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0001418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'polyform', 'concept_id': 'C0071571', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'single cells', 'concept_id': 'C0037179', 'confidence': 0.7283049821853638}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cribriform glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.6162902116775513}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_865", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004965", "caption": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue.", "image_path": "ib991vTA67A_image_09d9bb64-7a85-4ad4-8a54-9fd2c6bc4c7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "roi_text": "['fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers', 'Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers', 'Connective Tissue', 'skinny collagen fibers', 'fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers']", "noisy_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "corrected_text": " and three places where you could find this type of Connective Tissue. So here's this Connective Tissue again, just write it down, and the next question is what type of protein fibers are these skinny ones, these skinny hair-like protein fibers? Find those protein fibers first, the skinny hair-like protein fibers, what are those called? And next, what are these fat, fatter, thick, pink protein fibers called? What are these protein fibers called? Here's a close-up of a Connective Tissue you've seen, so this is going to be number twenty-four, what type", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'protein fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.7645217180252075}, {'entity': 'connective tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0009780', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_866", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004669", "caption": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_867", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009391", "caption": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8e572332-7aec-4c08-9283-1f9ef1613002.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['submucosa', 'poorly differentiated cancer cells', 'invasive carcinoma', 'blood vessels']", "noisy_text": " And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is submicosa, and you can see the poorly differentiated cancer cells. And these are invasive carcinoma. Now, you see this number of blood vessels there. That's why we need the cancer cell to come into the submicosa to call it as cancer cell, because the incidence of metastasis is very", "corrected_text": " And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is submucosa, and you can see the poorly differentiated cancer cells. And these are invasive carcinoma. Now, you see this number of blood vessels there. That's why we need the cancer cell to come into the submucosa to call it as cancer cell, because the incidence of metastasis is very", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancer cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334227', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cancer cells', 'concept_id': 'C0334227', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'invade', 'concept_id': 'C1517574', 'confidence': 0.857607364654541}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cancerous', 'concept_id': 'C1514391', 'confidence': 0.763753354549408}, {'entity': 'incidence', 'concept_id': 'C0021149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_868", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009252", "caption": "Description of a soft tissue neoplasm with diffuse involvement and a honeycomb morphology, characteristic of desmoplastic fibroblastoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ff2cc75-1270-40de-8821-f503b9118e5e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Diffuse involvement', 'Subcutaneous fat', 'Honeycomb morphology']", "noisy_text": " And so this is another soft tissue neoplasm. So low magnification, you can see it's very diffuse, top to bottom, side to side, everything's involved here. So those things would be very poorly, poorly circumscribed. And when you get out of the subcutaneous fat, this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except dramatic fibrosarcoma tuberans. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern.", "corrected_text": " And so this is another soft tissue neoplasm. So low magnification, you can see it's very diffuse, top to bottom, side to side, everything's involved here. So those things would be very poorly, poorly circumscribed. And when you get out of the subcutaneous fat, this is a clue to this diagnosis. You can make this diagnosis at low power when you see this pattern. This is a honeycomb morphology. Rarely anything does this except dramatic fibrosarcoma tuberans. Okay, when you see this pattern, you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'honeycomb', 'concept_id': 'C0332468', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic fibroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206645', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_869", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1006907", "caption": "Histopathological description of pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with abnormal maturation and increased melanin pigment in the basal layer and epidermis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5798b1fa-a61e-4f8b-a597-a29666a0e39f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells', 'increased amount of melanin pigment', 'dendritic melanocytes', 'pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease', 'pigmented squamous cell carcinoma', 'psoriasis form dermatitis', 'inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis']", "noisy_text": " pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic perikaratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of boenoid papillosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep boenoid papillosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go", "corrected_text": " pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. There is abnormal maturation with even abnormal hyperchromatic parakeratotic cells within the stratum corneum. There's an increased amount of melanin pigment pressed within the basal layer and we can see that we've got an increased amount of melanin pigment and even a few dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis and so what we've got here is an example of pigmented Bowen 's disease's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of Bowenoid papulosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep Bowenoid papulosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a misleading because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigment', 'concept_id': 'C0031911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Bowenoid papulosis', 'concept_id': 'C0334106', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_870", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004926", "caption": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_64ba65d7-1468-40c6-90e1-034c788b42fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['metastases to lung or pleura']", "noisy_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "corrected_text": " If you follow patients much longer, the picture changes quite a bit and a significant subset, somewhere around 40 or even maybe even higher percent will eventually get metastases if you follow them over decades and that's what's so unusual about this tumor, not only does it look benign, it is a very, very different behavior than other sarcomas. Most high-grade sarcomas metastasize oftentimes within 5 years of diagnosis if they're going to metastasize. Now that's not always true, but oftentimes that's the case. This tumor is so different, I think the median time to metastasis in a large retrospective study by Harry Evans, I think that was published in American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2011, I'll put a link in the video description. If you follow them for many, many years, the average time, I think it was the median time actually to recurrence or to metastasis was 15 years, that's so strange, right, to have a tumor that waits 15 years to eventually spread or recur and that's not all. There are cases reported that are actually 30 or even 40 years out from the original diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'unusual', 'concept_id': 'C2700116', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'median', 'concept_id': 'C0549183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'years', 'concept_id': 'C0439234', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_871", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005503", "caption": "Sclerotic stroma with a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['cytoplasm', 'dermis']", "noisy_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindled or fusiform-shaped", "corrected_text": " appearance, a round oval nuclei and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. And then we have nest cords and strands of otherwise banal appearing or banal appearing melanocytes present within the underlying dermis. There is evidence of maturation with depth in these sections, and no mitotic pairs. In the central portion of the specimen, you can see that the dermis is a little more sclerotic. And we've got the presence of separately heavily pigmented melanovagias. And then if we look at our top piece of tissue, again, we have the more banal appearing melanocytes out of the periphery. And centrally, we've got embedded within a sclerotic stroma a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes. Some of these are dendritic, others have spindle-shaped or fusiform-shaped", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'banal', 'concept_id': 'C0004722', 'confidence': 0.7279530763626099}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'depth', 'concept_id': 'C0205125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic', 'concept_id': 'C1513354', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pairs', 'concept_id': 'C0600436', 'confidence': 0.8094210028648376}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'heavily', 'concept_id': 'C0337678', 'confidence': 0.6902515292167664}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'melanophages', 'concept_id': 'C3280463', 'confidence': 0.9375340938568115}], [{'entity': 'Sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphologic population', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.699425995349884}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_872", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006403", "caption": "Intestinal metaplasia is present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle fibers', 'intestinal metaplasia', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscular ischemicosa, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscular ischemicosa acts like", "corrected_text": " where, again, you can see the muscle fibers running into the lamina propria. If you are in doubt, you can use the trichrome strain, where you can identify the muscle running up there. And you can see nice intestinal metaplasia there. Again, the number of glands are less in here. So this is chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia with muscularization of the lamina propria. More than one pathology involved in this biopsy. Plastic changes seen above are known as TIS. Once they cross the muscularis propria, then only they are eligible for T1. So muscularis propria acts like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0242697', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Chronic atrophic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0017154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intestinal metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334037', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Plastic changes', 'concept_id': 'C0392747', 'confidence': 0.7598782777786255}, {'entity': 'TIS', 'concept_id': 'C0475413', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_873", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009024", "caption": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7acbb91d-274f-4065-8993-6f88a1685816.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['teratoma component', 'prostate', 'bladder', 'positive digital rectal examination', 'elevated PSA level']", "noisy_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, semi-normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "corrected_text": " tumor, got therapy, and unfortunately, had the teratoma. And this happens a lot. The therapy took care of the other embryonic, carcinoma, yolk cell tumor components, normal components, et cetera, but the teratoma component stayed behind. So this is the margin that is always negative. As you can see, there is tumor present. So the teratoma extended to this area also. So this was a diffuse involvement of the prostate. There was also some bladder involvement by this tumor. So this was bad news for this gentleman. So the last case I'm going to share before we go to the Q&A is case number 10. Case number 10 is a 58-year-old gentleman with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level. So right off the bat, you can appreciate that this is an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bladder', 'concept_id': 'C0005682', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital rectal examination', 'concept_id': 'C0199900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elevated', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'level', 'concept_id': 'C0441889', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_874", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008749", "caption": "Xanthoma is a condition commonly seen in young males with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_875", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008816", "caption": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_876", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007598", "caption": "MART1 and HMB45 are usually not present in pure desmoplastic melanomas.", "image_path": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " on this side we have S100 striking staining throughout the dermis and on this side, those atypical spindle cells are totally negative for MART1. All you see there are a couple little nests. This one had a tiny, tiny component that was nested as well as a melanoma in situ component. That part stained with MART1. The rest of the lesion was totally negative and just stained with S100. So this is a great example to help explain that you're usually not going to have MART1 and HMB45. Those specific markers are not gonna usually be present in pure desmoplastic melanomas. I wanted to show you a comparison. We looked at", "corrected_text": " on this side we have S100 striking staining throughout the dermis and on this side, those atypical spindle cells are totally negative for MART1. All you see there are a couple little nests. This one had a tiny, tiny component that was nested as well as a melanoma in situ component. That part stained with MART1. The rest of the lesion was totally negative and just stained with S100. So this is a great example to help explain that you're usually not going to have MART1 and HMB45. Those specific markers are not gonna usually be present in pure desmoplastic melanomas. I wanted to show you a comparison. We looked at", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'side', 'concept_id': 'C0441987', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical', 'concept_id': 'C0205182', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ component', 'concept_id': 'C1882484', 'confidence': 0.7850481271743774}, {'entity': 'stained', 'concept_id': 'C2986582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MART1', 'concept_id': 'C1334510', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic', 'concept_id': 'C1511789', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_877", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008599", "caption": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane']", "noisy_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "corrected_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'segment', 'concept_id': 'C0441635', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'right', 'concept_id': 'C0205090', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_878", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006541", "caption": "Inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts are characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_12f7026e-e42a-4d49-9ff3-0d7b7d1c886a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['inclusion bodies', 'myofibroblasts', 'myofibroblasts', 'inclusion bodies', 'myofibroblasts']", "noisy_text": " cell. These, of course, are collections of muscle fibers or muscle filaments. These are myofibroblasts, and these inclusion bodies will stain with actin. They'll also stain red with a trichinome stain and purple with a PTAH stain. These cells, as I indicated, are myofibroblasts. The constellation of findings here is characteristic and pathognomonic of infantile digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis. Patients may have one or many lesions, and these can actually, if they're present in large enough number, be deforming. This also goes by the name inclusion body fibromatosis, and if you ever see it on a pick list, what you want to do is go down on high power and look for the inclusions. This is kind of a high-power recognition diagnosis, but high yield. Just a beautiful example. We don't see biopsies very often of this condition. Slide number 11. Again, kind of switching gears here. We have a", "corrected_text": " cell. These, of course, are collections of muscle fibers or muscle filaments. These are myofibroblasts, and these inclusion bodies will stain with actin. They'll also stain red with a trichrome stain and purple with a PTAH stain. These cells, as I indicated, are myofibroblasts. The constellation of findings here is characteristic and pathognomonic of infantile digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis. Patients may have one or many lesions, and these can actually, if they're present in large enough number, be deforming. This also goes by the name inclusion body fibromatosis, and if you ever see it on a pick list, what you want to do is go down on high power and look for the inclusions. This is kind of a high-power recognition diagnosis, but high yield. Just a beautiful example. We don't see biopsies very often of this condition. Slide number 11. Again, kind of switching gears here. We have a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inclusion bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0007637', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0206648', 'confidence': 0.8650985956192017}, {'entity': 'infantile', 'concept_id': 'C0231330', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells stain', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.7767881155014038}, {'entity': 'actin', 'concept_id': 'C0001271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trichrome stain', 'concept_id': 'C0077066', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PTAH stain', 'concept_id': 'C0404079', 'confidence': 0.6286439299583435}], [{'entity': 'Patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deforming', 'concept_id': 'C0333067', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numbers', 'concept_id': 'C0237753', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inclusion body fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1318562', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_879", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005836", "caption": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "corrected_text": " All right, who wants to give this one a go? Hello, can you hear me? Yeah. Looks like we have multiple deep shaves. Well, wait a second. You've been in the surgery clinic before and you've done a lot of biopsies in your long career now. So this, you think it's really a shave? I take that back. It's probably excision or incisional biopsy. Yeah, yeah, yes, good. This is an excision. So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep shaves', 'concept_id': 'C0518505', 'confidence': 0.7456271648406982}, {'entity': 'excisional/incisional biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0184921', 'confidence': 0.7826999425888062}], [{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'bread', 'concept_id': 'C0006138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histological examination', 'concept_id': 'C0019637', 'confidence': 0.9535407423973083}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_880", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004388", "caption": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f2e3425b-1cb0-4c39-aafa-b9f580a4a0fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['colonic crypts', 'muscularis mucosa', 'lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "corrected_text": " fellows about normal. What I like to see are these colonic glands. Do we have an arrow? Oh, yes. It should. Is he not coming up? No. Oh, you have to turn it on. No, it's not coming up. Yeah, it is. Yeah, here you go. Just the red one. Yeah. Oh, I don't see it. It's okay. Is the mouse going to work? Yeah, I'll do the mouse. Yeah, it works. Okay. Basically, I like to see my colonic crypts nice and straight coming from the surface, trying to kiss that muscularis mucosa underneath in between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. I don't want to see any lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils. You can have one or two. That's okay, but typically no basal lymphoplasma cytosis. The other thing I like to point out is the amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another. The crypts stand equidistant one from another. Remember the differences between the cecum or the right colon and the left colon. This is a biopsy from the segment and shows", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonic glands', 'concept_id': 'C0227351', 'confidence': 0.8191195130348206}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crypts', 'concept_id': 'C0227427', 'confidence': 0.9071587324142456}, {'entity': 'crypt', 'concept_id': 'C1880192', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_881", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006345", "caption": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst', 'nerve fascicles', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'ulnar aspect of the fifth digit', 'acquired digital fibroma', 'acquired digital fibrokeratoma', 'trichilemmal cyst']", "noisy_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindled cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "corrected_text": " core here we've got several well-defined nerve fascicles and the spindle cells characterizing these nerve fascicles have the attributes that we associated with neural tumors. Very delicate kind of spindled and s-shaped or somewhat comma-shaped nuclei that are tapered on both ends. These cells of course would be positive with S100 and SOX10 and their presence is defining for this process and the diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit. These lesions of course tend to occur along the ulnar eye aspect of the fifth digit. They're not infrequently bilateral and the key differential here of course is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Well-defined nerve fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 0.5682494640350342}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'SOX10', 'concept_id': 'C1420317', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ulnar', 'concept_id': 'C0442044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aspect', 'concept_id': 'C1547011', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fifth digit', 'concept_id': 'C0230403', 'confidence': 0.912693440914154}, {'entity': 'bilateral', 'concept_id': 'C0238767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'differential diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011906', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'digital fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C4538745', 'confidence': 0.8997364640235901}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'slide number', 'concept_id': 'C3828004', 'confidence': 0.8261933326721191}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_882", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004818", "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation', 'epithelial tumor', 'cytoplasm', 'vesicular chromatin pattern', 'lymphocytes', 'duct formation']", "noisy_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mosaicable tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a ribiform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "corrected_text": " If we move to higher power, we can see that we're dealing with an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal tumor. We've got interconnected cords and strands. We have somewhat of a cribriform pattern here, and these are associated with a very loose, somewhat edematous, and vascular stroma, a lot of vessels here. As we move to higher power and begin to look at this cytologic makeup of these epithelial islands, we can see that we've got at least two cell types here. The nuclei comprising most of the cells are round to oval. They're fairly large. These cells have some faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm, although this cytoplasm is kind of difficult to see. Some of these cells have an evenly dispersed or vesicular chromatin pattern, and other nuclei are a little bit darker staining, but these two dark and light staining cells are about the same size. And then sprinkled throughout the tumor, there are several lymphocytes, and these lymphocytes of course have a smaller nuclei and little discernible cytoplasm. And then if you looked in areas, you could see hints of duct formation within this tumor, and this constellation of findings, the overall configuration, blue balls in the dermis, two cell types, light and dark staining, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial tumor', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cords', 'concept_id': 'C0034869', 'confidence': 0.801885187625885}, {'entity': 'strands', 'concept_id': 'C0600383', 'confidence': 0.800572395324707}], [{'entity': 'Cribriform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1333163', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loose', 'concept_id': 'C0205407', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edematous', 'concept_id': 'C0013604', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.8046398758888245}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell types', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic', 'concept_id': 'C0333930', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pale', 'concept_id': 'C0030232', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gray cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.8177905678749084}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'duct', 'concept_id': 'C0687028', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'formation', 'concept_id': 'C0220781', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_883", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008774", "caption": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c7ac005f-eb5f-4749-92d4-23438c675a85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'absence of plasma cells', 'negative HHV8 stain', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'absence of plasma cells', 'negative HHV8 stain', 'collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'absence of plasma cells', 'negative HHV8 stain']", "noisy_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "corrected_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 0.9617650508880615}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_884", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004881", "caption": "Discussion of inflammatory disease patterns and the presence of neutrophils.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ba9f5053-3223-4223-ac28-b10ba5f32bd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['spongiosis in the epidermis', 'spongiosis in the epidermis', 'hair follicle', 'neutrophils']", "noisy_text": " Over here, what pattern are we looking at? Here, it looks more mixed. But remember, there's one other pattern in the nine major patterns of inflammatory disease. What are we looking at here? Well, that looks kind of like... Oh, I see what you're saying. Yeah, it looks like there's more spongiosis in the epidermis. Like there's... I don't know if this is like a pastoral... What's this thing? A hair follicle, or where you might... Yeah, it's a hair follicle. That's probably also a hair follicle. It's probably just off to the side of it a little bit. And so what have we got here? It looks like a lot of neutrophils. Yeah, you got", "corrected_text": " Over here, what pattern are we looking at? Here, it looks more mixed. But remember, there's one other pattern in the nine major patterns of inflammatory disease. What are we looking at here? Well, that looks kind of like... Oh, I see what you're saying. Yeah, it looks like there's more spongiosis in the epidermis. Like there's... I don't know if this is like a pastoral... What's this thing? A hair follicle, or where you might... Yeah, it's a hair follicle. That's probably also a hair follicle. It's probably just off to the side of it a little bit. And so what have we got here? It looks like a lot of neutrophils. Yeah, you got", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'inflammatory disease', 'concept_id': 'C1290884', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_885", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004247", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'muscle', 'lamina propria', 'muscularis mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'mucosal prolapse', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']", "noisy_text": " You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "corrected_text": " You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscle hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C2265913', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_886", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006523", "caption": "Relatively normal lung tissue with evidence of collapse in some areas.", "image_path": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_a8748cfc-eb79-497b-87a1-78f6ea5ac243.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "roi_text": "['asthma', 'lung tissue', 'evidence of collapse']", "noisy_text": " is from that young person who had a history of asthma, went to the ER, the ER doctor gave him some asthmatic medicine and he went on and still wasn't feeling well, so the patient came back and collapsed and died in the parking lot of the ER department, and they tried to resuscitate him, but they couldn't, but anyway, I want to show you that this is relatively normal lung tissue as I peruse around, and I'm going to show you some of the findings. Now, some of it, like you see in this area right here, there is some evidence of collapse or atelectasis,", "corrected_text": " is from that young person who had a history of asthma, went to the ER, the ER doctor gave him some asthmatic medicine and he went on and still wasn't feeling well, so the patient came back and collapsed and died in the parking lot of the ER department, and they tried to resuscitate him, but they couldn't, but anyway, I want to show you that this is relatively normal lung tissue as I peruse around, and I'm going to show you some of the findings. Now, some of it, like you see in this area right here, there is some evidence of collapse or atelectasis,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history of', 'concept_id': 'C0262926', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'asthma', 'concept_id': 'C0004096', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collapsed', 'concept_id': 'C0344329', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'died', 'concept_id': 'C0011065', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'parking lot', 'concept_id': 'C0442639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ER department', 'concept_id': 'C1547116', 'confidence': 0.9239601492881775}], [{'entity': 'lung tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0819757', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collapse', 'concept_id': 'C0036974', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "608.0", "id": "test_887", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004412", "caption": "Neural hypertrophy may indicate Crohn's disease.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['neural hypertrophy', 'ganglion cells', 'submucosa', 'congenital megacolon', 'submucosa']", "noisy_text": " for example, carotid endoartrectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submicosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submicosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital mecagola. So if you don't see them in the submicosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital mecagola. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "corrected_text": " for example, carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic encephalopathy, that history is very important for cholesterol emboli. Here, there is more like a neural hypertrophy. Whenever you see neural hypertrophy, you have to think of Crohn's disease. Here, you see the ganglion cells in the submucosa. When you see ganglion cells, these are normal component of the submucosa. And why I am showing it, sometimes you may think of malignancy. Here, you may not think of it. And another point, these are all the cells we are looking in congenital megacolon. So if you don't see them in the submucosa in frozen section, again, this will qualify for congenital megacolon. Here, another tricky thing. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carotid endarterectomy', 'concept_id': 'C0014099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abdominal aortic encephalopathy', 'concept_id': 'C0507867', 'confidence': 0.6308470964431763}, {'entity': 'cholesterol emboli', 'concept_id': 'C0149649', 'confidence': 0.8653062582015991}], [{'entity': 'Neural hypertrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0020564', 'confidence': 0.8345715999603271}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'submucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225344', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Ganglion cells', 'concept_id': 'C0228071', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'congenital megacolon', 'concept_id': 'C0019569', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_888", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004969", "caption": "Increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a554fb42-fe7d-476d-8134-63ca39eff646.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Biopsy specimen', 'Bottom piece of tissue', 'Melanocytes present within the matrix epithelium', 'Consumption of the matrix epithelium', 'Confluence of pagetoid scatter', 'Biopsy specimen', 'Bottom piece of tissue', 'Melanocytes present within the matrix epithelium', 'Consumption of the matrix epithelium', 'Confluence of pagetoid scatter']", "noisy_text": " biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on is the bottom piece of tissue. Again, remember this was a biopsy of matricle epithelium and you can see there's a marked increase in the number of melanocytes present within the matricle epithelium. All of these brown staining cells are melanocytes and you can see we've almost got consumption of the matricle epithelium. There in areas are really more melanocytes than there are matricle keratinocytes. And this confluence of pagetoid scatter is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit. One could also use a SOX10 stain, which is a nuclear melanocytic stain, sometimes a little bit cleaner than the MART1 stain, which is a cytoplasmic stain. So first case, slides one", "corrected_text": " biopsy specimen, the tissue in question, I'm going to rotate the slide a little bit. And what we want to focus on is the bottom piece of tissue. Again, remember this was a biopsy of matrix epithelium and you can see there's a marked increase in the number of melanocytes present within the matrix epithelium. All of these brown staining cells are melanocytes and you can see we've almost got consumption of the matrix epithelium. There in areas are really more melanocytes than there are matrix keratinocytes. And this confluence of pagetoid scatter is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit. One could also use a SOX10 stain, which is a nuclear melanocytic stain, sometimes a little bit cleaner than the MART1 stain, which is a cytoplasmic stain. So first case, slides one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'diagnostic', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nail unit', 'concept_id': 'C4758673', 'confidence': 0.8730567693710327}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_889", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006657", "caption": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_04826078-6f5b-4030-b6cf-ae91c50d42bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_890", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006537", "caption": "Scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['superficial perivascular infiltrate', 'epidermis', 'basement of the rete ridge pattern', 'basal cell change along the DEJ', 'dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer', 'papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the Reedy ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced bacular change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "corrected_text": " Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're going to be looking at. This is a bisected punch biopsy from the trunk or proximal extremity. Get that down and in this specimen we can see that we've got a superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis. We've clearly got evidence of some epidural change here. The epidermis is quite thin, the basement of the rete ridge pattern. We have a basket we've cornified layer but as we zoom in we can see that we've got pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and within the papillary dermis we have a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'proximal extremity', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 0.745482325553894}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Evidence', 'concept_id': 'C3887511', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidural change', 'concept_id': 'C0228134', 'confidence': 0.7621071338653564}], [{'entity': 'Thin epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4231265', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'rete', 'concept_id': 'C0010306', 'confidence': 0.7033917903900146}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DEJ', 'concept_id': 'C0385794', 'confidence': 0.5962325930595398}], [{'entity': 'Scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_891", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008515", "caption": "The histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor shows Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies, which are specialized bodies that comprise a central capillary surrounded by tumor cells.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies in endodermal sinus tumor', 'lymphatics in dysgerminoma', 'glomerulite structure of endodermal sinus tumor']", "noisy_text": " Then other malignant young cell tumors include the yolk sap tumor that is highly malignant. It is also named as endodermal sinus tumor. It affects the young age and these are partly solid and they secrete alpha-phetoprotein. This is my dear student the histological picture of yolk sap tumor. The typical finding of yolk sap tumor is that it contains the specialized type of bodies that are named as Shiller-Dewall bodies. That Shiller-Dewall bodies are the bodies that comprise of the central capillary, central this vascular area and it is surrounded by the tumor cells. Then a space and that space is again surrounded by the tumor cells. So it presents as the glomerulite structure like glomerulus like that is just like as the as we see the glomerulus of a kidney. So glomerulite bodies that are found and that are typical of the yolk sap tumor and these glomerulite bodies are named as Shiller-Dewall bodies. So these are the typical identification feature of the yolk sap. Then is the dysgerminoma that is very common highly malignant tumor and usually it spreads by lymphatics. It is very radio", "corrected_text": " Then other malignant young cell tumors include the endodermal sinus tumor that is highly malignant. It is also named as endodermal sinus tumor. It affects the young age and these are partly solid and they secrete alpha-fetoprotein. This is my dear student the histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor. The typical finding of endodermal sinus tumor is that it contains the specialized type of bodies that are named as Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies. That Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies are the bodies that comprise of the central capillary, central this vascular area and it is surrounded by the tumor cells. Then a space and that space is again surrounded by the tumor cells. So it presents as the glomerulite structure like glomerulus like that is just like as the as we see the glomerulus of a kidney. So glomerulite bodies that are found and that are typical of the endodermal sinus tumor and these glomerulite bodies are named as Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies. So these are the typical identification feature of the yolk sap. Then is the dysgerminoma that is very common highly malignant tumor and usually it spreads by lymphatics. It is very radio", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Endodermal sinus tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0014145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'solid', 'concept_id': 'C0205208', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretes', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8702053427696228}, {'entity': 'alpha-fetoprotein', 'concept_id': 'C0002210', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'histological picture', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.785039484500885}, {'entity': 'endodermal sinus tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0014145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies', 'concept_id': 'C1710022', 'confidence': 0.7228695750236511}, {'entity': 'bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0242821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central capillary surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.5871620774269104}, {'entity': 'tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Dysgerminoma', 'concept_id': 'C0013377', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spreads', 'concept_id': 'C0564319', 'confidence': 0.8124106526374817}, {'entity': 'lymphatics', 'concept_id': 'C0024235', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_892", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008658", "caption": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b8f5755-469f-46e1-8e9d-ec523e502284.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.', 'Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.']", "noisy_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "corrected_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'wispy cytoplasmic stain', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.6738394498825073}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diffuse positive P63 staining', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.5406208634376526}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P63 prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 0.7053087949752808}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_893", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007990", "caption": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d97bcf0a-d765-4958-8e41-b1c9ecc2bb83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Thickened cornified layer', 'Slightly thinned epidermis with a basement of the reed bridge pattern', 'Uniform spindle-shaped cells in the dermis with elongated and tapered nuclei and indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'Crisscross configuration of fascicles throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "corrected_text": " kind of relegated to do in this case, we can see that the cornified layer is somewhat thickened. This biopsy was from near an acral surface. This was from the finger. You can see that the epidermis is slightly thinned with the basement of the reed bridge pattern, and then filling the dermis in this case, we have fascicles of uniform spindle-shaped cells. You can see that their nuclei are elongated and tapered. The cytoplasmic margins of these cells are somewhat indistinct. They do have somewhat elongated cytoplasmic processes, and there are a range of fascicles. Some of the fascicles are cut in cross-section. Here you can see the nuclei appear more round. Some are cut longitudinally, and that's where we see the very elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes, and some are cut tangentially. This gives these fascicles kind of a crisscross configuration throughout the dermis. Hopefully, you all were able to pick up on the diagnostic feature in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'cornified layer', 'concept_id': 'C3554359', 'confidence': 0.8562335968017578}, {'entity': 'thickened', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thinned', 'concept_id': 'C0392758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basement', 'concept_id': 'C0085872', 'confidence': 0.772655725479126}, {'entity': 'reed', 'concept_id': 'C0681191', 'confidence': 0.7412400841712952}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}, {'entity': 'elongated', 'concept_id': 'C0205166', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tapered', 'concept_id': 'C0441640', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'indistinct cytoplasmic margins', 'concept_id': 'C4323148', 'confidence': 0.6683960556983948}], [{'entity': 'fascicles', 'concept_id': 'C1185741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'crisscross configuration', 'concept_id': 'C0449830', 'confidence': 0.7424066066741943}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_894", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008537", "caption": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d679d1b5-2f4a-40aa-9aa0-e29634b90e37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Glands with patchy basal positivity', 'Partially atrophic glands with varying cytoplasm and cystic dilation']", "noisy_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or amarkar, so-called amarkar, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'll share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "corrected_text": " The problem is when we come to this area we were looking at earlier, you can see that some of the glands show patchy positivity for the basal cell markers, but some of them are completely negative. And to complicate things even more, some of these glands are positive for racemase or AMACR, so-called AMACR, and that causes a lot of concern. So that's why they were struggling with this case, because if you see positive racemase expression, which is typically positive in cancer, and you see negative basal cell expression, the impression people have is that you're dealing with cancer. But that's not always the case, and that's why I'm sharing this case with all of you, because this is actually a process called partial atrophy. The glands I showed you on H&E are partially atrophic. You can still see some of it here. Some of them are cystically dilated here. In some areas you can see more cytoplasm. In other areas it looks more atrophic. So even on this paint cocktail, you can appreciate the partially atrophic features. So this is a benign process. You should not call this cancer, and you should not be too generous with your atypical diagnosis either, or some people call it atypical small atrial proliferation. You should not render that diagnosis too frequently, otherwise your clinical colleagues won't trust your histologic judgment. So one has to be very careful with that. One should use that term very sparingly. So this is partial atrophy, and it's not unusual to have this kind of picture. If all the glands show patchy basal positivity, then that makes it an easy case. But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'share with you very quickly. Similar scenario,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patchy', 'concept_id': 'C0205413', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positivity', 'concept_id': 'C4280732', 'confidence': 0.8599872589111328}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign process', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7677057981491089}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Partial atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C1265892', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophic glands', 'concept_id': 'C5194745', 'confidence': 0.8184286952018738}, {'entity': 'cystically', 'concept_id': 'C0205207', 'confidence': 0.6787945628166199}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_895", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006364", "caption": "The observed area shows extensive necrosis and bad-looking cells. There is a debate about the grading of the case, which is not a prostate primary. PSA stain shows positive results for benign glands, while GATA3 shows opposite expression with negative results for internal control glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_69d04319-ecfd-4722-a1d4-852d5776ef51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So let's just look at the different areas. This area looks very, very busy. Lots of bad-looking cells, necrosis, extensive necrosis. So this case, this case we're looking at right now, one of the issues was how to grade it. Is this 549 or 459? Some of you would argue that's the midpoint, because they're both grade group 5. But I've seen those kind of scenarios before where there's a debate about grade, because the assumption has been made that it's a prostate primary. But in this case, as you'll see shortly, this is actually a different term. That's not what's going on with this case. So let's take a look at some of the stains. So this is PSA. You can see the benign glands are positive. The other glands and cells that are of interest are completely negative, completely negative. So you can see these are some more benign prostate glands that are positive there. The other stain that was done in this case was a GATA3. And you see it's the opposite expression. So the internal control glands are negative for GATA3, and the", "corrected_text": " So let's just look at the different areas. This area looks very, very busy. Lots of bad-looking cells, necrosis, extensive necrosis. So this case, this case we're looking at right now, one of the issues was how to grade it. Is this 549 or 459? Some of you would argue that's the midpoint, because they're both grade group 5. But I've seen those kind of scenarios before where there's a debate about grade, because the assumption has been made that it's a prostate primary. But in this case, as you'll see shortly, this is actually a different term. That's not what's going on with this case. So let's take a look at some of the stains. So this is PSA. You can see the benign glands are positive. The other glands and cells that are of interest are completely negative, completely negative. So you can see these are some more benign prostate glands that are positive there. The other stain that was done in this case was a GATA3. And you see it's the opposite expression. So the internal control glands are negative for GATA3, and the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'area', 'concept_id': 'C0017446', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'grading', 'concept_id': 'C0441800', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate primary', 'concept_id': 'C1335512', 'confidence': 0.7813769578933716}, {'entity': 'PSA', 'concept_id': 'C0138741', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'results', 'concept_id': 'C0456984', 'confidence': 0.8586957454681396}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'GATA3', 'concept_id': 'C1307598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'results', 'concept_id': 'C0456984', 'confidence': 0.8586957454681396}, {'entity': 'internal control glands', 'concept_id': 'C0597937', 'confidence': 0.7678565979003906}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_896", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009109", "caption": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Big collagen rich rosettes', 'Prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules', 'Small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma']", "noisy_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "corrected_text": " It has also big collagen rich rosettes like this but it has a much more prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules are very like small round blue cell almost look a little bit like the small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma which is why it's named that way but I've definitely seen pathologists have trouble telling those two apart telling a hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. This tumor we're looking at here a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma I've seen people get that confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma and the difference is important because the schwannoma is even though the name sounds kind of scary is actually benign it has a small round blue cell appearance but it's totally benign variation of schwannoma. S100 should easily solve that problem because S100 would be negative here in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rim', 'concept_id': 'C1308727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nodules', 'concept_id': 'C0028259', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027819', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'neuroblastoma-like variant of', 'concept_id': 'C1419295', 'confidence': 0.6589864492416382}, {'entity': 'schwannoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027809', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_897", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005442", "caption": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['nucleolus', 'myofibroblasts', 'myositis ossificans']", "noisy_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myocytosocificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "corrected_text": " nucleolus, and a moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm. Now, at first glance, you might think these cells look a bit weird, and that might make you worry about a sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma. However, you'll come to recognize that this pattern in morphology you see here is really characteristic of myofibroblasts. This is an example of myositis ossificans, a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors, which includes, among others, nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst. These are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Moderate', 'concept_id': 'C0205081', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'amount', 'concept_id': 'C1265611', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'amphiphilic', 'concept_id': 'C0596084', 'confidence': 0.8564908504486084}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Characteristic', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'myofibroblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225360', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myositis ossificans', 'concept_id': 'C0027122', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'USP6', 'concept_id': 'C1175888', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_898", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008739", "caption": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_899", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007838", "caption": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_369996bb-284b-4e9e-bf1b-4a1517fa0710.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "corrected_text": " In high power, you can see very thick vessel wall with the narrowing of the lumen, whereas here, it is relatively preserved. So you want to know whether it is a vein or artery. Please believe me, this is a vein, and this is an artery. And that is proved by the elastic tissue strain. These are all pictures from Dr. Gonzalez's Twitter. And you can see here, there is no internal elastic lamina, whereas here, there is an internal elastic lamina. So this is a branch of mesenteric artery, whereas this is a branch of mesenteric vein. And there is a condition called as idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein of the mesenteric vein. I don't know how many of you have heard this company. There's a", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Thick vessel wall', 'concept_id': 'C1180033', 'confidence': 0.6420797109603882}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'power', 'concept_id': 'C0032863', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Identification', 'concept_id': 'C0020792', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'elastic tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0013762', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'strain', 'concept_id': 'C0080194', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'internal elastic lamina', 'concept_id': 'C1180561', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'artery', 'concept_id': 'C0003842', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Branches', 'concept_id': 'C1182977', 'confidence': 0.7288598418235779}, {'entity': 'mesenteric artery', 'concept_id': 'C0025465', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vein', 'concept_id': 'C0042449', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'examples', 'concept_id': 'C1707959', 'confidence': 0.8639216423034668}], [{'entity': 'Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0333978', 'confidence': 0.8139097094535828}, {'entity': 'mesenteric vein', 'concept_id': 'C0025473', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_900", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009001", "caption": "The histology of pityriasis lichenoides and pleva is similar, with pleva showing more acute features such as spongiosis, ballooning, and necrosis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_901", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005138", "caption": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30e6f4ea-91ea-4de7-b623-197288c784a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Exfoliative dermatitis']", "noisy_text": " Pidicarenalysis, yeah, is that what this is? I didn't see any of this. No, this would be the piticarenalysis that ate Cleveland or something. Massive loss of the stratum corneum. It's really big. Those are usually teensy tiny little bells. So, this may not be in your vocabulary. You know, if you don't speak Russian and somebody asks you what's the Russian word for restaurant, you wouldn't know that it looked like pectopaw, you know, when you looked at it the way it was spelled. So, basically, if this isn't in your vocabulary, you don't have any idea what it is. Of course, you would notice that there's loss of the stratum corneum and there's also loss of the greater psoas. Who knows what this is? None of you guys know?", "corrected_text": " pityriasis, yeah, is that what this is? I didn't see any of this. No, this would be the pityriasis that ate Cleveland or something. Massive loss of the stratum corneum. It's really big. Those are usually teensy tiny little bells. So, this may not be in your vocabulary. You know, if you don't speak Russian and somebody asks you what's the Russian word for restaurant, you wouldn't know that it looked like restaurant, you know, when you looked at it the way it was spelled. So, basically, if this isn't in your vocabulary, you don't have any idea what it is. Of course, you would notice that there's loss of the stratum corneum and there's also loss of the greater omentum. Who knows what this is? None of you guys know?", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'massive', 'concept_id': 'C0522501', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exfoliative dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0011606', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'widespread', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaling', 'concept_id': 'C0237849', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'flaking', 'concept_id': 'C1880783', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_902", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004298", "caption": "Hyalinized lamina propria may be present in cases of long-standing ischemia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia', 'Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia']", "noisy_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyaluronized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "corrected_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyalinized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial injury', 'concept_id': 'C0332671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_903", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005436", "caption": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_61216ada-4856-4a84-bf6e-c6b8466d2f1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Gastric xanthoma', 'Signet ring cells', 'Poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'Gastric xanthoma', 'Signet ring cells', 'Poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to", "corrected_text": " And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from Sanjay Bhavatiya, pathologists who missed signet cells, pathologists who are missing the signet cells, pathologists who will be missing the signet cell carcinoma. So it's a very, very, very difficult condition. We have to keep our eyes wide. Leave open to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}], [{'entity': 'Cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}], [{'entity': 'Signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_904", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009235", "caption": "The presence of darker staining cells at the periphery, along with lymphocytes and scattered plasma cells, suggests the presence of infected histiocytes with small organisms within their cytoplasm.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_09f48c15-1a31-47a5-af78-9211fbd37b30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Large histiocytes with cleared out cytoplasm', 'Erythrocyte used as a ruler to measure the size of the organisms']", "noisy_text": " darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at", "corrected_text": " darker staining cells out at the periphery. And out at the periphery, we have a lot of lymphocytes and several scattered plasma cells. And if we look at the more clear staining areas, we can see that we actually have very large histiocytes. We've cleared out cytoplasm and with a little effort, one could see that there were organisms present within the cytoplasm of these histiocytes producing so-called parasitized histiocytes. And the organisms are very small, one to two microns. And we can use our erythrocyte here as kind of a ruler. Most erythrocytes and lymphocytes have nuclei that have diameters about five to six microns. And so you can see that these round organisms at", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'darker staining cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007600', 'confidence': 0.5783368945121765}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infected', 'concept_id': 'C0439663', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'small organisms', 'concept_id': 'C0029235', 'confidence': 0.8106848001480103}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_905", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006183", "caption": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Back-to-back glands', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_906", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009356", "caption": "Molecular testing may be necessary if there are marked pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, or other concerning features.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "corrected_text": " sometimes pleomorphism is seen it's just really uncommon. Also mitotic activity I don't think I mentioned it yet mitoses are usually very very low in this tumor if you see I think the general rule is if you're unless you're a sarcoma pathology expert. And even then if I see even as a sarcoma pathologist if I see marked pleomorphism a lot of mitotic activity other features like that I'm probably going to send the case for molecular testing just to be totally sure that it's a low-grade fiber myxoid sarcoma and not some other mimic. So experts", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Molecular testing', 'concept_id': 'C1521991', 'confidence': 0.8002516627311707}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_907", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005796", "caption": "Fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity, with lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, thickening or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. These findings are consistent with bullous pemphigoid (BP), which was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence showing a linear IgG.", "image_path": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_428b00c9-8608-424c-9471-7df53eac4049.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity', 'Lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils within the dermis', 'Thickening or retention of the dermal papillae', 'Eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity']", "noisy_text": " There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some festooning or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know, I'm thinking this is pretty good for BP, especially given the clinical presentation. And sure enough, on direct immunofluorescence, there was a linear IgG, and I didn't show that through C3,", "corrected_text": " There's fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and in the blister cavity. And if we look at the inflammatory infiltrate, there are lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, some spongiosis or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. And so, you know, I'm thinking this is pretty good for BP, especially given the clinical presentation. And sure enough, on direct immunofluorescence, there was a linear IgG, and I didn't show that through C3,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Fibrin', 'concept_id': 'C0015982', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0682598', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'thickening', 'concept_id': 'C0205400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'retention', 'concept_id': 'C0035280', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillae', 'concept_id': 'C4230196', 'confidence': 0.8667760491371155}, {'entity': 'lots', 'concept_id': 'C0302148', 'confidence': 0.7982692718505859}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blister', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cavity', 'concept_id': 'C0011334', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bullous pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'BP', 'concept_id': 'C0005823', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunofluorescence', 'concept_id': 'C0016318', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'linear IgG.', 'concept_id': 'C0205132', 'confidence': 0.5133615732192993}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_908", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1005167", "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3173ce40-b11f-40b2-bf84-fa1803725c7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['synovial sarcoma', 'low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'FUS gene rearrangement']", "noisy_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunostain findings. Put", "corrected_text": " but I've seen very rare examples where there were very well differentiated areas in a synovial sarcoma that kind of had a fibrous look and looked similar to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So in that case, obviously you could use other stains like keratins and if you like TLE1 you could do that. And then in the end, if you have trouble, molecular pathology can help us out. Like I said earlier, these tumors, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation. The most common translocation is the translocation 716 which is between the genes FUS and CREB3L2. And there's also a small subset of these that have an alternate translocation which is between the FUS gene and the CREB3L1 gene. So FUS-CREB3L2 or FUS-CREB3L1 gene fusion can support the diagnosis. So you could use break apart fish for FUS. If the tumor looks like this and FUS is positive for FUS gene rearrangement, then you should be pretty good in calling it a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. But do be aware that there are many other tumors in soft tissue pathology that have FUS gene rearrangements, myxoid liposarcoma and others. They usually have a different histologic appearance. So that's why you can never use, at least in my opinion, you shouldn't use molecular pathology by itself. You have to couple it with the clinical scenario and the histologic features and the immunohistochemistry findings. Put", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Keratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'TLE1', 'concept_id': 'C1420752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'synovial sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039101', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CREB3L2', 'concept_id': 'C1428221', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'genes', 'concept_id': 'C0017337', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Break apart FISH', 'concept_id': 'C3831569', 'confidence': 0.7467014789581299}, {'entity': 'FUS', 'concept_id': 'C0268696', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Molecular pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0596962', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coupled', 'concept_id': 'C1948027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical scenario', 'concept_id': 'C0205210', 'confidence': 0.6381967067718506}, {'entity': 'histologic features', 'concept_id': 'C1301121', 'confidence': 0.816085159778595}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_909", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004344", "caption": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_655025bf-2bc2-4844-94e1-186bac092b47.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "corrected_text": " They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The one stain that was described a few years ago as being helpful here is called MUC4, M-U-C-4. MUC4 is in the setting of a fibroblastic spindle cell tumor like this, it is a very sensitive and specific marker at least as of today's date in 2018, so far it tends to be very sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and it should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP and other entities in the differential diagnosis. Now I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'expressed', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sensitive', 'concept_id': 'C0020517', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'marker', 'concept_id': 'C0005516', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_910", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1007226", "caption": "Pyloric metaplasia is important in autoimmune gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['gastric mucosa', 'body of the stomach', 'peritoneal cells', 'mucincycletine cells', 'chief cells', 'pyloric metaplasia', 'autoimmune gastritis']", "noisy_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "corrected_text": " metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. Here the history is this biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach. In the body of the stomach, you have to see a lot of fried eggs. These are all the peritoneal cells in addition to mucincycletine cells and chief cells. These are the peritoneal cells. When you don't see the peritoneal cells in the gastric fundic mucosa or gastric corpus mucosa, then you have to call it as pyloric metaplasia. This is very, very important because you see it in autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0025568', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'body', 'concept_id': 'C0227230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'mucincycletine cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007586', 'confidence': 0.6177586317062378}, {'entity': 'chief cells', 'concept_id': 'C1516470', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'peritoneal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0031153', 'confidence': 0.7749612331390381}, {'entity': 'gastric fundic mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 0.8429272770881653}, {'entity': 'gastric corpus mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0735811', 'confidence': 0.9813486337661743}, {'entity': 'pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}], [{'entity': 'Pyloric metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 0.8951747417449951}, {'entity': 'autoimmune gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C3887639', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_911", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007607", "caption": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus', 'young males', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'lamina propria', 'distinct cell border', 'foamy cytoplasm', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "corrected_text": " It is commonly seen in young males, and they present with the signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. Interesting condition. Here, the lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet ring cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signs', 'concept_id': 'C0220912', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'symptoms', 'concept_id': 'C0683368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cell border', 'concept_id': 'C0205284', 'confidence': 0.773768424987793}, {'entity': 'foamy cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.7207725048065186}, {'entity': 'centrally', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7070305943489075}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'CD68', 'concept_id': 'C0108799', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_912", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009428", "caption": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_913", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005838", "caption": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Nuclei reaching the surface', 'Nuclei reaching the surface']", "noisy_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriformic for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriformic and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "corrected_text": " and connecting the other side of the lumen. So the intra-glandular proliferation of the epithelium is very, very important criteria, which we call it as cribriform for high-grade dysplasia. So this is a picture of high-grade dysplasia. And the criteria are loss of polarity, nuclei reaching the surface. Here you can see nuclei reaching the surface. Prominent nuclei, if you see carefully for 10 seconds, you can start seeing the nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary. This concept of dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia and high-grade", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraluminal proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.7116578221321106}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'loss', 'concept_id': 'C1517945', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular polarity', 'concept_id': 'C0085304', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'cribriform', 'concept_id': 'C1621425', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'micropapillary', 'concept_id': 'C1290608', 'confidence': 0.891559898853302}, {'entity': 'concept', 'concept_id': 'C0178566', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_914", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006270", "caption": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor.", "image_path": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification', 'vascular channels', 'chorionic villi', 'calcification']", "noisy_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. Smaller chorionic villi can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "corrected_text": " This is a section from placenta which shows a large irregular area with proliferation of thin walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of placenta. smaller chorionic villi are not incorrect can be seen towards the maternal site. Higher magnification of the same showing large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood. Still higher magnification showing intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass. Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor. Still another area", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'variable size', 'concept_id': 'C1866144', 'confidence': 0.8559831976890564}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'placenta', 'concept_id': 'C0032043', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'chorionic villi', 'concept_id': 'C0008508', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maternal site', 'concept_id': 'C0026591', 'confidence': 0.7640593647956848}], [{'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'chorion', 'concept_id': 'C0008503', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'blood', 'concept_id': 'C0005767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intercommunicating', 'concept_id': 'C0205196', 'confidence': 0.8271207213401794}, {'entity': 'vascular spaces', 'concept_id': 'C0225983', 'confidence': 0.819495439529419}, {'entity': 'mass', 'concept_id': 'C0577559', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Focal area', 'concept_id': 'C0205234', 'confidence': 0.7634891271591187}, {'entity': 'calcification', 'concept_id': 'C0006660', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_915", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008269", "caption": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_45cc0a3c-bc97-4a1d-a4a4-bd980ddb1f6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['pyloric gland metaplasia', 'solid organ transplant recipient', 'eosinophils']", "noisy_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric glomeruloplasia. So pyloric glomeruloplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric glomeruloplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in microphenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with microphenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "corrected_text": " Yeah, these cells, these glands right here. What is it? Yeah, exactly. It's a pyloric gland metaplasia. So pyloric gland metaplasia should be Crohn's. No, you can see pyloric gland metaplasia in your sort of a colitis and end-associated injury and also in mycophenol-associated injury, as this case is. And the tip of the patient is a solid organ transplant recipient. with mycophenol-associated injury have many more in the way of eosinophils, a lot more in the way of eosinophils than GVHD patients do. So that's really, really helpful. Is there", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'image', 'concept_id': 'C1696103', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pyloric gland metaplasia', 'concept_id': 'C4288813', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009319', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'end-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6716579794883728}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid organ transplant', 'concept_id': 'C0730400', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'recipient', 'concept_id': 'C1709854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol-associated injury', 'concept_id': 'C0552509', 'confidence': 0.6023857593536377}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'GVHD', 'concept_id': 'C0018133', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_916", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009429", "caption": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Muscle coming in the lamina propria', 'Muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic']", "noisy_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperwire, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "corrected_text": " The epithelium, the glands are pushed apart each other. And this may be procedure related. This may be seen in chemical gastritis, lamina propria. It's a very nonspecific finding, not diagnostic of anything. But whenever you see, think of chemical gastritis. This is muscularization. You see in the hyperplasia, muscle coming in the lamina propria. Lamina propria should be free of musculature. The muscle should be there only in the muscularis mucosa. Here in this low power, you can see the muscularis mucosa is hyperplastic. And it is sending the muscle bundle into the lamina propria. This happens in chemical gastritis in case of stomach and in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'procedure-related', 'concept_id': 'C2924519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nonspecific', 'concept_id': 'C0750540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Muscle', 'concept_id': 'C0026845', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle bundles', 'concept_id': 'C0504095', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_917", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007291", "caption": "The presence of one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case is not enough to diagnose high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or prostate cancer.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_de2ff8a9-2c40-4501-afd1-3d30010ed83f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['glands at the edge', 'glands at the edge']", "noisy_text": " and then we're going to come to the edge here. So assuming all I had was just one or two glands like this at the edge, let's say we had those two glands over here, right at the edge over here, and nothing else in the entire case, nothing else at all. Even though they look very concerning, assuming both of them were right here, even though they look very concerning, that would not be enough to pull the trigger. So this would be a good example of a typical small acinar proliferation or ASAP, because the glands at the edge, it's possible there could be a high grade pin focus here without patching of these atypical looking glands. What you call ASAP should be something that is really, really suspicious. So we'll stop there for case one, and then we'll move on to", "corrected_text": " and then we're going to come to the edge here. So assuming all I had was just one or two glands like this at the edge, let's say we had those two glands over here, right at the edge over here, and nothing else in the entire case, nothing else at all. Even though they look very concerning, assuming both of them were right here, even though they look very concerning, that would not be enough to pull the trigger. So this would be a good example of a typical small acinar proliferation or ASAP, because the glands at the edge, it's possible there could be a high grade pin focus here without patching of these atypical looking glands. What you call ASAP should be something that is really, really suspicious. So we'stop there for case one, and then we'll move on to", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0282612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'PIN', 'concept_id': 'C0175718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'ASAP', 'concept_id': 'C0683504', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_918", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004327", "caption": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_663893da-49b1-47c7-b44b-b0adb80ffaf4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['negative for basal cell markers', 'patchy positive for basal cell markers', 'similar cytologic features', 'partial atrophy', 'partial atrophic hyperplasia', 'inflammation', 'well circumscribed cluster of glands', 'negative for basal cell markers', 'patchy positive for basal cell markers', 'similar cytologic features', 'partial atrophy', 'partial atrophic hyperplasia', 'inflammation', 'well circumscribed cluster of glands']", "noisy_text": " But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'll share with you very quickly. Similar scenario, but with a few differences. So this is one case. This is another case. There's partial atrophic hyperplasia over here with some inflammation. But if you come to this area over here, again, you see a fairly well circumscribed cluster of glands. And if", "corrected_text": " But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'share with you very quickly. Similar scenario, but with a few differences. So this is one case. This is another case. There's partial atrophic hyperplasia over here with some inflammation. But if you come to this area over here, again, you see a fairly well circumscribed cluster of glands. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cytologic features', 'concept_id': 'C0205471', 'confidence': 0.7179956436157227}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_919", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008647", "caption": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of several melanocytes', 'too many melanocytes', 'Presence of several melanocytes', 'forming nests', 'confluence solitary units', 'matrix epithelium', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix', 'pagetoid pattern', 'too many melanocytes', 'basal layer of the matrix', 'upper portions of the matrix']", "noisy_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matricle epithelium in the matricle layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "corrected_text": " examination hopefully what was readily apparent to you was the presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, not only along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern. And there are way too many melanocytes here in the matrix and these findings are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ. So with that being said, we'll go ahead and move on to slide number two, which was a melanin A or Mk1 immunohistochemical stain of this same piece of tissue. Underneath this bubble here we have our control. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nests', 'concept_id': 'C0035253', 'confidence': 0.7275967001914978}, {'entity': 'confluence', 'concept_id': 'C0226863', 'confidence': 0.857487678527832}, {'entity': 'solitary units', 'concept_id': 'C0205171', 'confidence': 0.7227572798728943}, {'entity': 'base', 'concept_id': 'C0002055', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.7584323883056641}, {'entity': 'matrix layer', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 0.71736741065979}, {'entity': 'basal layer', 'concept_id': 'C0221925', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'upper portions', 'concept_id': 'C0449719', 'confidence': 0.6251541972160339}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pagetoid', 'concept_id': 'C1518847', 'confidence': 0.8801172375679016}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'melanocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0025201', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'matrix', 'concept_id': 'C0331858', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicious', 'concept_id': 'C0750493', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanoma', 'concept_id': 'C0025202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'in situ', 'concept_id': 'C0444498', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_920", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008755", "caption": "Presence of a deep nodular aggregate of blue cells, which may indicate lymphoma.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3e779bfb-2d52-42f2-b30c-dd40ea7f16c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep nodular aggregate of blue cells']", "noisy_text": " You're not going to be asked to be a lymphoma pathologist on the board, but it's kind of important to just know, because if you see these patients in practice, you don't want them to get up in the hands of an oncologist. The object will get up from here, like we normally do. Okay, who wants to give this one a go? We have a pretty deep nodular aggregate of blue cells here, pretty well debarcated. You can see it's a low power. And other than that, I guess in this power you can see that some of them, I thought the differentiation was sebaceous. They're definitely a minority of the neoplasm, but definitely there. Is it possible", "corrected_text": " You're not going to be asked to be a lymphoma pathologist on the board, but it's kind of important to just know, because if you see these patients in practice, you don't want them to get up in the hands of an oncologist. The object will get up from here, like we normally do. Okay, who wants to give this one a go? We have a pretty deep nodular aggregate of blue cells here, pretty well circumscribed. You can see it's a low power. And other than that, I guess in this power you can see that some of them, I thought the differentiation was sebaceous. They're definitely a minority of the neoplasm, but definitely there. Is it possible", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep nodular', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.7114682197570801}, {'entity': 'aggregate', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blue cells', 'concept_id': 'C0010520', 'confidence': 0.8241713047027588}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_921", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004986", "caption": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "corrected_text": " diagnosis when a metastasis finally shows up. So unfortunately, that's a frustrating thing I think for both the treating physicians and the patients to know that basically you're never totally in the clear these things can recur or metastasize very, very long after diagnosis. When they metastasize, they often go to the lung or the pleura and there probably is some benefit at least in the opinion of some of the people that I know who treat these sarcomas in removing solitary metastases from the lung if they're surgically amenable to surgical resection that you can remove the metastasis and then the patient may go quite a few more years before having another metastasis. So you can really kind of prolong the disease course by removing metastasis. Obviously if you're a patient watching this that has this tumor, please make sure you see an expert", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Metastasis', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleura', 'concept_id': 'C0032225', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surgical resection', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary metastases', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.7712292075157166}, {'entity': 'lung', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'disease course', 'concept_id': 'C0242656', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_922", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009013", "caption": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. Myxofibrosarcomas are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "corrected_text": " kind of rounded or triangle shaped but even still we really just don't see anything that looks like marked atypia or pleomorphism which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma which again I have another video about that I'll put a link in the video description and up in the upper right hand corner. myxofibrosarcoma are by definition pleomorphic sarcomas, they're aneuploid, they do not have translocations, they have random gains and losses and thus they have pleomorphism. So even in the grade 1, the low grade form of myxofibrosarcoma, you have to have pleomorphism, that's a different tumor than this low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor which usually does not have pleomorphism, okay? So the myxoid areas here look a little different than the fibrous areas. So I'm", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'Evans tumor', 'concept_id': 'C2697858', 'confidence': 0.6359843015670776}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxofibrosarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C3714524', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261358', 'confidence': 0.9260651469230652}, {'entity': 'aneuploidy', 'concept_id': 'C0002938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'random', 'concept_id': 'C0034656', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gains', 'concept_id': 'C1517378', 'confidence': 0.7974324226379395}, {'entity': 'losses', 'concept_id': 'C0018840', 'confidence': 0.786555290222168}], [{'entity': 'myxoid areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.8464413285255432}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'fibrous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0439709', 'confidence': 0.783623218536377}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_923", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1009070", "caption": "The tumor has both an epithelial and spindle cell component, with concerning features in the epithelial component.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Wild tumor with bad nuclei', 'Mitotic activity', 'Epithelial and spindle cell component', 'Pain cocktail stain']", "noisy_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and a stromal component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "corrected_text": " We need to exclude these two. And I'll just let you all take a look at this and try and figure out what's going on. So this looks like another wild tumor of bad nuclei. If you look carefully, you can see some mitotic activity there. This looks like it has both an epithelial and spindle cell component to it, or at least an epithelial and a spindle cell component to it. The epithelial component looks concerning. And if I show you the corresponding stain, that will give it away. This will give the diagnosis away. So this is the pain cocktail. And as you can see, it's negative in the epithelial component for basal cells.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cell', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}], [{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'pain cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 0.9142165184020996}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_924", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008438", "caption": "Myxoid liposarcoma can metastasize to the lungs.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branchy stuff and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "corrected_text": " and not other parts of pathology where you have to calculate percent of key 67 staining and stuff. So anyway, I don't know if that's a good answer, but it's an honest one. Yeah, so the question brought up is that post treatment, once these tumors have been radiated, they usually, the vast majority of them just completely get wiped out. And all that's left is sclerotic collagen, a little bit of the vascular branching and mature adipocytes with occasional little tiny lipoblasts, maybe a few pockets of myxoid change. And if there was a round cell component, you'll never know because it usually gets wiped out and blasted by the radiation. So I agree, that's the problem. The trade-off is that doing the needle ahead of time to get the diagnosis on a needle biopsy allows you to make a diagnosis and pre-treat the tumor. The trade-off though, is that on the excision specimen, you'll really never probably know what the original morphology was like. And I feel like this is one of the trade-offs we've made in modern medicine, where there are benefits of having a needle biopsy before excision, a lot of benefits and probably more benefits than risks, but there are some downsides. And that's one of them is pre-treatment, wipes out the original morphology. But again, it's the main difference is the prognosis. The long-term prognosis is worse, unfortunately, for patients that have high-grade round cell morphology. And even though the low-grade myxoid liposarcoma, in the past, there was a thought that like, 90% of the patients were gonna be okay and 10% would get METs. But I think with longer follow-up, we started to see that a significantly larger number actually even of people with low-grade conventional myxoid liposarcoma will get metastases. I think the WHO says, I think their current quote is between 30 and it's more than 30%, I think. And different studies show different things so that even sometimes it's longer and farther out. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention, the other weird thing that you should know about myxoid liposarcoma, like all sarcomas, it will metastasize the lungs oftentimes. But it", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Radiation treatment', 'concept_id': 'C1522449', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerotic', 'concept_id': 'C0036429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'vascular branching', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7225151658058167}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipoblasts', 'concept_id': 'C0225323', 'confidence': 0.8551441431045532}, {'entity': 'myxoid change', 'concept_id': 'C0205295', 'confidence': 0.815497636795044}], [{'entity': 'Needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excision', 'concept_id': 'C0015252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'pre-treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0419819', 'confidence': 0.7933163046836853}, {'entity': 'original', 'concept_id': 'C0205313', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Prognosis', 'concept_id': 'C0033325', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'patients', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade round cell', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.7649602890014648}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastasize', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lungs', 'concept_id': 'C0024109', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_925", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006484", "caption": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_ca673012-5fb7-4473-b88a-43e4407f4f1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Distorted architecture of the glands.', 'Distorted architecture of the glands.']", "noisy_text": " architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology, but what other features would you expect to see in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? I don't remember, I think this is obviously from the right colon. So, if we see it here, it doesn't matter. But in cases from the left colon, what's a good finding that indicates chronicity? Yes,", "corrected_text": " architecture. The glands start to look like anything they want to look like. Rabbits, monkeys, the face of Jesus, whatever, except for test tubes on a rack. And the other thing is, sometimes you'll see them instead of growing down, they'll grow sideways. So, that's very apparent, very abnormal. So, I would say this is great evidence of chronicity, good architectural distortion. What other features besides architecture can you see in cases where there's some chronicity, albeit nonspecific findings? I mean, nothing is specific in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology, but what other features would you expect to see in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? I don't remember, I think this is obviously from the right colon. So, if we see it here, it doesn't matter. But in cases from the left colon, what's a good finding that indicates chronicity? Yes,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'distorted', 'concept_id': 'C0700135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'abnormal', 'concept_id': 'C0205161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronicity', 'concept_id': 'C0547045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chronic inflammatory colonic', 'concept_id': 'C0021376', 'confidence': 0.8024523258209229}, {'entity': 'pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0030664', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_926", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008373", "caption": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Infiltrate within the dermis composed entirely of lymphocytes.', 'Few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas.', 'Fragmented biopsy specimen with bluish stain.']", "noisy_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pittoriasis liganoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pittoriasis liganoides chronica. I tend to view pittoriasis liganoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'll refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pittoriasis liganoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotics along the DEJ, pericaratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some pericaratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in wades clonica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "corrected_text": " and if we look at the infiltrate within the dermis, we can see that it's composed entirely of lymphocytes. In some areas, there were a few extravasated erythrocytes, a few of which were carried up into the overlying epidermis. This constellation of findings is most suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides. Clinically, this patient had PLC, or pityriasis lichenoides chronica. I tend to view pityriasis lichenoides as running along a spectrum. A lot of times, we'refer to the entire spectrum as Leuka Habermann disease, with pityriasis lichenoides chronica being on the one end of the spectrum, and pleva being on the other end of the spectrum, PLC being characterized by more scaly macules or scaly papules, and pleva being characterized by more crusted and eroded papulonecrotic type lesions. But the histology of the two conditions is actually quite similar. It's a matter of degree. With pleva, you're more likely the acute form of the condition to see more spongiosis, ballooning, necrosis, a denser infiltrate, more necrotic along the DEJ, parakeratosis containing neutrophils. With PLC, similar findings, just a little more blunt. The inflammatory infiltrate may be present around the superficial plexus only. One usually can see some parakeratosis, but there aren't as many necrotic keratinocytes along the DEJ, and a lot of times, the alterations within the epidermis are more subtle. But this was an example of biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pittoriasis like in chronica. Moving on to slide number 10. This was, I thought, a really cool case. This was a fragmented biopsy specimen, and you can see that the stain is quite bluish. I can't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'dermal infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 0.8524853587150574}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis', 'concept_id': 'C0032024', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0443248', 'confidence': 0.8475416302680969}], [{'entity': 'Pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'running', 'concept_id': 'C0035953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spectrum', 'concept_id': 'C1883073', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'scaly macules', 'concept_id': 'C0332573', 'confidence': 0.7616965174674988}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'histology', 'concept_id': 'C0019638', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides', 'concept_id': 'C0162853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleva', 'concept_id': 'C0162852', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acute', 'concept_id': 'C0205178', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ballooning', 'concept_id': 'C0004704', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinically documented', 'concept_id': 'C1828480', 'confidence': 0.814785361289978}, {'entity': 'pityriasis lichenoides chronica', 'concept_id': 'C0162851', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_927", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008513", "caption": "Tumor is recapitulating fetal fat development.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multi-vacuolated']", "noisy_text": " or some of these guys are kind of bivaculated or multi-vaculated, but with a tiny little bland nucleus. See, these are multi-bubbly cells, but they just are so little, right? So the idea here is that this tumor is kind of recapitulating what fetal fat looks like during fat development in the fetus. And if you see fetal fat, which I'm sure our pediatric pathology colleague, Yan Hong can speak to, that there are times in early fetal life where the fat can have some similarity to this, that fat in embryology, my basic understanding is it starts out as a spindled precursor to adipocytes, and then it builds up a little lipid and makes a vacuole, and then can make more vacuoles sometimes, and then eventually", "corrected_text": " or some of these guys are kind of bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated, but with a tiny little bland nucleus. See, these are multi-bubbly cells, but they just are so little, right? So the idea here is that this tumor is kind of recapitulating what fetal fat looks like during fat development in the fetus. And if you see fetal fat, which I'm sure our pediatric pathology colleague, Yan Hong can speak to, that there are times in early fetal life where the fat can have some similarity to this, that fat in embryology, my basic understanding is it starts out as a spindle precursor to adipocytes, and then it builds up a little lipid and makes a vacuole, and then can make more vacuoles sometimes, and then eventually", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bivacuolated', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 0.7087458372116089}, {'entity': 'multi-vacuolated', 'concept_id': 'C1513755', 'confidence': 0.6100779175758362}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.7939299941062927}], [{'entity': 'Tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'fetal', 'concept_id': 'C0015965', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_928", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009441", "caption": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_744a098e-53fa-41a0-8aaf-b32c7771239e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['whirling pattern']", "noisy_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostains with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostains, most of the immunostains that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "corrected_text": " This one's not really showing that but some of them do, they have a lot of whirling pattern. So the two other things that keep in the differential here are perineurioma and also dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP, which also has a tends to have a story form or whirled and swirled growth pattern and also has a translocation sarcoma, has very bland spindle cells. Okay, I guess I don't have any immunostaining with me to show you today but just briefly the immunostaining, most of the immunostaining that we use for soft tissue tumors are negative most of the time in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. CD34 is usually negative which is a pretty easy way to separate this from DFSP. The other thing is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually is a relatively larger and deep, deep soft tissue below the fascia mass, although there are rare examples that are small and superficial and those seem to be more common in children. But DFSP is essentially always in the skin, the dermis or subcutaneous and rarely ever involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Whirling pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 0.6110570430755615}, {'entity': 'perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.7996832728385925}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_929", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008941", "caption": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fa35112f-0444-4765-b252-414100c399df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so in-depth because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "corrected_text": " uniform cells that surround the edge of the collagen rosettes when you see those rosettes in this tumor so collagen rosettes in a fibroblastic tumor should be an instant clue that you're probably dealing with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma but do remember again that some variants of schwannoma can also have rosettes and so be sure not to confuse those immunostains can help you out there so I hope that you like this video and that this helps sort this out again make sure that you've checked out my you know five-minute approach to telling apart low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma comma grade 1 and also watch the full-length feature video about myxofibrosarcoma and then I think after seeing this video and those two videos you should have a really solid handle on how to tell these tumors apart I made these videos and went so detailed because I find that that pathologists often really struggle with these because the name sounds so much alike and in those of us in soft tissue pathology who publish papers maybe we haven't helped the general pathology public so much by making names that all sound so similar. So I hope the video has helped if you liked it please click like down below and leave comments or questions in the comment section and of course make sure you subscribe to my channel if you haven't yet so that you'll be notified about new videos that I post in the future.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Uniform cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.6272867321968079}, {'entity': 'edge', 'concept_id': 'C0205154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neurofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0027830', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_930", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007865", "caption": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_75f8f0dd-6414-408d-ac76-5b6f39d49caf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen bundles', 'pre-existing vascular spaces', 'plump endothelial cells', 'absence of plasma cells', 'negative HHV8 stain']", "noisy_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascular spaces that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "corrected_text": " between collagen bundles. We even have a little bit of a promontory sign here where we've got these vessels surrounding pre-existing vascular spaces. But unlike the neovascularization that we see in Kaposi's sarcoma, the endothelial cells here are a little more plump, and we don't have plasma cells within the infiltrate. And plasma cells within the infiltrate can be very useful in discriminating between this condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. In this particular case, also the HHV8 stain was a negative, which would be positive in Kaposi's sarcoma. So the diagnosis in this case was a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, sometimes known as a hobnail hemangioma. Frequently has a characteristic clinical appearance, occurs commonly", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 0.9617650508880615}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_931", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006828", "caption": "The presence of sarcoma cells, which are uniform and fibroblastic in appearance.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Sarcoma cells', 'Fibrous area with delicate collagen.']", "noisy_text": " So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here. They just don't look very atypical at all. They look bland, they don't usually have pleomorphism, they look uniform, they look very much like each other and look very fibroblastic and again this is, I've talked in other videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'll talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of", "corrected_text": " So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here. They just don't look very atypical at all. They look bland, they don't usually have pleomorphism, they look uniform, they look very much like each other and look very fibroblastic and again this is, I've talked in other videos this is a true statement about many of the translocation associated sarcomas. They have the same molecular abnormality in every single cell so all the cells look alike. They look monotonous and uniform rather than pleomorphic, okay? So there's a few exceptions to this we'talk about in a minute but this is the cytologic feature of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so that's the fibrous area, delicate collagen kind of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0024302', 'confidence': 0.7867116332054138}, {'entity': 'uniform', 'concept_id': 'C0205375', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 0.8876925110816956}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_932", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004844", "caption": "Superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Biopsy specimen from the trunk.']", "noisy_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by bacular change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of perikaratosis within the", "corrected_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by vacuolar change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of parakeratosis within the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interface dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0262981', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep perivascular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C4531289', 'confidence': 0.8486854434013367}, {'entity': 'sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'wedge-shaped configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1695776', 'confidence': 0.6548662185668945}], [{'entity': 'Obscuration', 'concept_id': 'C4100897', 'confidence': 0.8260445594787598}, {'entity': 'vacuolar change', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Apache lymphocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0333386', 'confidence': 0.8769314885139465}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exocytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0015283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spaces', 'concept_id': 'C1883067', 'confidence': 0.7782474160194397}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_933", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007266", "caption": "Presence of active inflammation.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria.']", "noisy_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "corrected_text": " and some eos. And what else? Yeah, exactly. So the band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries, and it's not just the thickness of the band that really catches your eyes, the irregularity of it. So you don't have a thin smooth line anymore. It's just, you know, thick and irregular, just just throwing like feet down into the, into the lamina appropriate. There are also a few lymphocytes in the epithelium, but that's not the main finding. The other thing you might find in some of these is some degree of active inflammation. And let", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'band', 'concept_id': 'C0175723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'capillaries', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Thick', 'concept_id': 'C1280412', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'irregular', 'concept_id': 'C0205271', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'active', 'concept_id': 'C0205177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_934", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009124", "caption": "Giant cells are not numerous and there is minimal hemosiderin deposition in this case.", "image_path": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_80d9c191-1c69-4c48-b896-3b788cf951ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells', 'multilobulated growth', 'dense fibrosis', 'giant cells']", "noisy_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "corrected_text": " Mitotic activity can be relatively high, but this on its own should not be concerning for malignant transformation. In this case, you could see that the giant cells were not numerous, and there was minimal hemosiderin deposition. To give you a better sense of the morphologic spectrum of this tumor, I'm going to show a couple more examples. In this example, we still have multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis. However, even at low power, you can see that the giant cells are larger and more numerous than the previous example.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Mitotic activity', 'concept_id': 'C1334779', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant transformation', 'concept_id': 'C0287850', 'confidence': 0.8324378132820129}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deposition', 'concept_id': 'C0333562', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Multilobulated', 'concept_id': 'C4538849', 'confidence': 0.8302288055419922}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dense fibrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0016059', 'confidence': 0.8111783862113953}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Giant cells', 'concept_id': 'C0017526', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'larger', 'concept_id': 'C0549177', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numerous', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_935", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004846", "caption": "Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces and mounds of parakeratosis are also present.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Biopsy specimen from the trunk.']", "noisy_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by bacular change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of perikaratosis within the", "corrected_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by vacuolar change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of parakeratosis within the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interface dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0262981', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep perivascular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C4531289', 'confidence': 0.8486854434013367}, {'entity': 'sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'wedge-shaped configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1695776', 'confidence': 0.6548662185668945}], [{'entity': 'Obscuration', 'concept_id': 'C4100897', 'confidence': 0.8260445594787598}, {'entity': 'vacuolar change', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Apache lymphocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0333386', 'confidence': 0.8769314885139465}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exocytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0015283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spaces', 'concept_id': 'C1883067', 'confidence': 0.7782474160194397}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_936", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007970", "caption": "The atypia seen in this case is consistent with STOMP, stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cell hyperplasia', 'infiltrating between benign glands', 'STOMP', 'prostatic stroma of sarcoma', 'HMB45 melanin', 'S100', 'STAT6']", "noisy_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'll expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "corrected_text": " Something else you may have observed with this case is the fact that it's not just a stroma process. It looks like there's something else going on in the glands, too. And in the glands, it's almost like there's a crosstalk between the stroma process and the glands. The glands are benign, but they actually have what looks like basal cell hyperplasia in areas. And that's not uncommon with this entity. It is not unusual to have this entity, actually, with basal cell hyperplasia. The other observation I want to bring to your attention is the fact that this process is going in between benign glands, which means that it's almost respecting the benign glands next door. Because there are a number of processes that would destroy the adjacent benign glands and basically push them aside. But this process actually respects the benign glands, in quotes, and is actually going in between them, infiltrating in between them. And that's a clue to the diagnosis. Because as I hinted earlier, when you talk of tumors of the specialized prosthetic stroma, there are two main entities you think about. One is the so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. And the other entity at the other extreme is the so-called prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. Some argue that there's some relationship between both of them that are in the spectrum. But what you're looking at right now in this case, based on what I've shown you, this type of atypia, it almost looks simplistic. It has this degenerative type of look to it. We are not seeing mitotic activity. For something this ugly or that looks this nasty, you'expect to see necrosis, mitotic activity, and even destruction of the adjacent glands. But we're not seeing that. And that's kind of a perfect picture for so-called STOMP, stromal tumor of unsaturated malignant potential. As I said earlier, there's a relationship between this entity and prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. To start with, STOMPs can recur. About 15% of STOMPs can recur months or years after the initial resection. But about 15% to 20% of STOMPs may progress or may be associated with adjacent prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So that's a very important thing to know. Because STOMP itself, as the name implies, is of unsaturated malignant potential. So it should not be downplayed. Because some of you may ask me, how do I sign all these cases? It's very important in your comments to document what I just said, that about 15% of these, if it's just STOMP is here on the H&E, nothing else, it's important to document that about 15% would recur. And more importantly, it's important to document that about 15% to 20% of these may be associated with or progress to prosthetic stroma of sarcoma. So it's not a case of they excise this and they leave the patient alone. They need to follow up these patients very closely. So that's very important to document in the report. So some of you may ask, OK, so what stains do we do for these cases? Obviously, you want to exclude a number of things. We talked about melanoma and other things. So you want to exclude those. So obviously, HMB45 melanin, those will be negative. Vimentin, which nobody uses anymore, is actually positive in this entity. PR could also be positive in this entity. Plus or minus CD34, plus or minus Desmin SMA, plus or minus ER may be positive, but it's usually negative. The pertinent negative stains are S100. I talked about the melanoma markers. And STAT6 is also negative. So it's very important to know that. So this is a stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. There have been a number of names for this entity over the years.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'entity', 'concept_id': 'C1551338', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'process', 'concept_id': 'C1184743', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infiltrating', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'consistent with', 'concept_id': 'C0332290', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STOMP', 'concept_id': 'C0056167', 'confidence': 0.6245664358139038}, {'entity': 'stromal tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0879615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'potential', 'concept_id': 'C3245505', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'STOMPs', 'concept_id': 'C0577018', 'confidence': 0.6140404343605042}, {'entity': 'recur', 'concept_id': 'C0034897', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'progress', 'concept_id': 'C1272688', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostatic stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1521760', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1261473', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'entities', 'concept_id': 'C0424215', 'confidence': 0.7521668672561646}, {'entity': 'HMB45', 'concept_id': 'C1440756', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'melanin', 'concept_id': 'C0025196', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'S100', 'concept_id': 'C3273837', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STAT6', 'concept_id': 'C0297890', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_937", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007401", "caption": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ea3ae54e-461c-4f5c-baf6-17d730741228.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Urethritis cystica et glandularis', 'Goblet cell formation', 'Urethritis cystica et glandularis', 'Goblet cell formation']", "noisy_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urethelium involved by this misnose adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the subepithelial connective tissue. It's beginning", "corrected_text": " So this was a biopsy from the urethra. And all you can see here is urethritis cystica et glandularis. They're dissecting pools of mucin, but that doesn't always mean there's a malignant process going on. So that's something else one needs to be careful about. There are some areas here that are very concerning. But the reason why I'm showing you this slide is just to show you the overlying urethritis cystic ed glandularis intestinal type. You can actually see some goblet cell formation there. So that's how it starts. And then it progresses to this, where you're not just seeing the surface urothelium involved by this mucinous adenocarcinoma, but it's actually beginning to invade the lamina propria. It's beginning", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0041967', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'urethritis cystica', 'concept_id': 'C3272656', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'glandularis', 'concept_id': 'C1231964', 'confidence': 0.8643958568572998}, {'entity': 'dissecting pools', 'concept_id': 'C0205239', 'confidence': 0.6663767695426941}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Goblet', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.8473865389823914}, {'entity': 'cell formation', 'concept_id': 'C2936218', 'confidence': 0.9225678443908691}, {'entity': 'visible', 'concept_id': 'C0205379', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stages', 'concept_id': 'C1306673', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucinous adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007130', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_938", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008641", "caption": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.', 'Neutrophils on the epithelium indicating active inflammation', 'H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen', 'Goblet cells in the surface epithelium.']", "noisy_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the intra-luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "corrected_text": " this is equivalent to cryptitis in the colon. In the stomach, we call it pit, so I don't want to call it pititis. It doesn't sound very great, but you can see the neutrophils sitting on the epithelium. So this is an active inflammation. Here, now we are coming to cytology. You see in the luminal area or in the lumen, you see a lot of comma-shaped rods sitting on the epithelium, not going into the epithelium. So these are all the H. pylori in the oil immersion. Here, the surface epithelium shows goblet cells, and these are all biopsies", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Active inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0333361', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'H. pylori', 'concept_id': 'C0079488', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'luminal area', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.7778207659721375}, {'entity': 'lumen', 'concept_id': 'C0524461', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Surface epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C1182809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'goblet cells', 'concept_id': 'C0506994', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_939", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008225", "caption": "Salt and pepper chromatin is a defining feature of a neuroendocrine tumor.", "image_path": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Cytopathology']", "roi_text": "['neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'vesicular nuclei', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin', 'nucleoli', 'salt and pepper chromatin']", "noisy_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleomatin. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very dark-staining. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained nuclei, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "corrected_text": " and pepper like copper chromatin, that means you're telling that this is most likely a neuroendocrine kind of a carcinoma. So those are the different types of nuclei that we have seen. Again, to go back at the reference, we are going to look at the plasma cell. In the plasma cell, we can easily identify the hetero and the vesicular areas, that is heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. If the cell is entirely composed of heterochromatin, it will be very hyperchromatic. And this is called as hyperchromatic nuclei. If it is composed of lightly-stained areas, lightly-stained areas, then it is called vesicular nuclei. A vesicular nuclei is usually accompanied by a nucleoli. And if you have very finely granular dark and light areas, then it is called as salt and pepper chromatin. And these are the defining features for a neuroendocrine tumor. Now, once we have understood the staining pattern of the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper-like copper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0453397', 'confidence': 0.5605897903442383}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206695', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 0.8452459573745728}, {'entity': 'observed', 'concept_id': 'C1441672', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic', 'concept_id': 'C0333911', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}], [{'entity': 'Heterochromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0019397', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0682537', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'identified', 'concept_id': 'C0205396', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Vesicular nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C2325471', 'confidence': 0.7651268839836121}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}], [{'entity': 'Salt', 'concept_id': 'C0036140', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pepper chromatin', 'concept_id': 'C0008546', 'confidence': 0.7025638818740845}, {'entity': 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0206754', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1152.0", "id": "test_940", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008319", "caption": "Rosacea can present with multiple different histologic reaction patterns including papulopustular rosacea and telangiectatic type of rosacea.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes', 'face', 'follicular pustule', 'histiocytes', 'lymphocytes']", "noisy_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "corrected_text": " Oh, maybe there are some there on the other slide. But, oh, yeah, there's some. Not a lot, but, you know, there's mostly histiocytes predominated with lymphocytes. There's a couple of eos, but it's not... There aren't a lot. So that kind of made me think of granulomatous rosacea. Good. Excellent. That's exactly what it should make you think of. Very, very good. That's exactly what this is. So the face helps you, right? You're not going to see this on somebody's trunk. The follicular pustule helps too, right? Because rosacea can give you multiple different histologic reaction patterns. What are some of the forms of rosacea? So we've got two forms here. We've got papulopustular rosacea. We've got granulomatous rosacea. What are a couple other forms of rosacea? You could just have an ET type of just, you know, kind of like telangiectasia. Yes, good. The telangiectatic type of rosacea. What's one other one that we get sometimes? I guess there's other... I mean, I don't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin condition', 'concept_id': 'C1719933', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'predominance', 'concept_id': 'C1835590', 'confidence': 0.8840479850769043}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Granulomatous rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1275718', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'multiple', 'concept_id': 'C0439064', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histologic reaction', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.8118124008178711}, {'entity': 'papulopustular rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C1449853', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'telangiectatic type', 'concept_id': 'C4014149', 'confidence': 0.7599172592163086}, {'entity': 'rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_941", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008364", "caption": "The absence of neutrophils and foam cells distinguishes this from a verruciform xanthoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis', 'columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum', 'dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis', 'papillary dermis between these zones', 'no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis']", "noisy_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the pericaratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "corrected_text": " and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink parakeratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical columns of pericaratosis kind of extending down to a v-shaped imagination of the epidermis. We have that here but one thing that we don't have here that one typically sees in a verruciform xanthoma is the presence of neutrophils and mixed with the parakeratotic cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'findings', 'concept_id': 'C2607943', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0424830', 'confidence': 0.8255378603935242}, {'entity': 'papillomatosis', 'concept_id': 'C0205875', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epidermal hyperplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0263641', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neutrophils', 'concept_id': 'C0027950', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'foam cells', 'concept_id': 'C0016390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_942", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009492", "caption": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7e3835f4-1d1b-47bf-8ec0-cc8848e903a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen', 'Large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages', 'Hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma', 'Punch biopsy specimen']", "noisy_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemociderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemociderotic variant of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "corrected_text": " know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of cellular dermatofibroma. These lesions can get quite large and if incompletely excised do have a tendency to persist or recur. So good idea to completely excise these because they're certainly not going to go away on their own. A classic example, very commonly asked on boards and usually spoilers that you could expect in a question given this slide would include things like a blue nevus or melanoma or even nodular cap issues. So be familiar with the features of the hemosiderotic variant of dermatofibroma of a dermatofibroma. Moving on to slide number five. This was kind of a cool case. We have a bisected punch biopsy specimen here. If we move into higher power, we can see that the epidermis", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0019618', 'confidence': 0.7253735065460205}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'trapping', 'concept_id': 'C0282665', 'confidence': 0.8904784917831421}, {'entity': 'ring siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.6553963422775269}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'aneurysmal type', 'concept_id': 'C0439651', 'confidence': 0.8459930419921875}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0018916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'excised', 'concept_id': 'C1444670', 'confidence': 0.7215964794158936}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_943", "caption_rating": "10" }, { "": "1004808", "caption": "Lipophagic cells with lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin, including ringed siderophages.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_944", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008516", "caption": "Dysgerminoma is a highly malignant tumor that commonly spreads by lymphatics.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies in endodermal sinus tumor', 'lymphatics in dysgerminoma', 'glomerulite structure of endodermal sinus tumor']", "noisy_text": " Then other malignant young cell tumors include the yolk sap tumor that is highly malignant. It is also named as endodermal sinus tumor. It affects the young age and these are partly solid and they secrete alpha-phetoprotein. This is my dear student the histological picture of yolk sap tumor. The typical finding of yolk sap tumor is that it contains the specialized type of bodies that are named as Shiller-Dewall bodies. That Shiller-Dewall bodies are the bodies that comprise of the central capillary, central this vascular area and it is surrounded by the tumor cells. Then a space and that space is again surrounded by the tumor cells. So it presents as the glomerulite structure like glomerulus like that is just like as the as we see the glomerulus of a kidney. So glomerulite bodies that are found and that are typical of the yolk sap tumor and these glomerulite bodies are named as Shiller-Dewall bodies. So these are the typical identification feature of the yolk sap. Then is the dysgerminoma that is very common highly malignant tumor and usually it spreads by lymphatics. It is very radio", "corrected_text": " Then other malignant young cell tumors include the endodermal sinus tumor that is highly malignant. It is also named as endodermal sinus tumor. It affects the young age and these are partly solid and they secrete alpha-fetoprotein. This is my dear student the histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor. The typical finding of endodermal sinus tumor is that it contains the specialized type of bodies that are named as Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies. That Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies are the bodies that comprise of the central capillary, central this vascular area and it is surrounded by the tumor cells. Then a space and that space is again surrounded by the tumor cells. So it presents as the glomerulite structure like glomerulus like that is just like as the as we see the glomerulus of a kidney. So glomerulite bodies that are found and that are typical of the endodermal sinus tumor and these glomerulite bodies are named as Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies. So these are the typical identification feature of the yolk sap. Then is the dysgerminoma that is very common highly malignant tumor and usually it spreads by lymphatics. It is very radio", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Endodermal sinus tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0014145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'young', 'concept_id': 'C0332239', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'individuals', 'concept_id': 'C0027361', 'confidence': 0.8766164779663086}, {'entity': 'solid', 'concept_id': 'C0205208', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretes', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8702053427696228}, {'entity': 'alpha-fetoprotein', 'concept_id': 'C0002210', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'histological picture', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 0.785039484500885}, {'entity': 'endodermal sinus tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0014145', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies', 'concept_id': 'C1710022', 'confidence': 0.7228695750236511}, {'entity': 'bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0242821', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central capillary surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C0006901', 'confidence': 0.5871620774269104}, {'entity': 'tumor cells', 'concept_id': 'C0431085', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Dysgerminoma', 'concept_id': 'C0013377', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spreads', 'concept_id': 'C0564319', 'confidence': 0.8124106526374817}, {'entity': 'lymphatics', 'concept_id': 'C0024235', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_945", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008600", "caption": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane', 'lamina propria', 'inflammatory cells', 'eosinophils', 'lymphocytes', 'plasma cells', 'basement membrane']", "noisy_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "corrected_text": " segment and shows a lamina propria pretty devoid of... You see a couple of inflammatory cells here and there, but not really a lot in the way of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and actually eos are rare. But when you get biopsies, and I'm sorry I didn't bring one from... That was on the left. If you used to have something from the right, your lamina propria is typically busier, and I allow for quite a few eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The other thing that you want to keep in mind is... Let me just go back to the H and E for a second. The basement membrane, I will", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'segment', 'concept_id': 'C0441635', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory cells', 'concept_id': 'C0440752', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'right', 'concept_id': 'C0205090', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'plasma cells', 'concept_id': 'C0032112', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_946", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006514", "caption": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc92051f-2349-4017-bf3d-e70cda207b5a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical', 'The size of the lesion is large', 'The lesion is not well circumscribed and appears asymmetrical', 'The size of the lesion is large']", "noisy_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? Epithelioid. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "corrected_text": " So they basically took the elliptical excision. They cut it into bread loaves and put it all on one slide. So that's how they did this in this case, because yeah, if you do a shave, how frequently do you get down to the bottom of the subcutaneous fat? That's pretty rare. So this is an excisional biopsy. Good. And are you dealing with an inflammatory or neoplastic process? Looks more neoplastic. Good, good. Epithelial or non-epithelial? epithelial. Good, epithelial. Benign or malignant? It's not very well prescribed. You can do it low power, isn't it? It's phenomenal. You can really get it down pretty well if you just apply the criteria. So you like benign or malignant here? It's not very well circumscribed, and it looks like there's some erosion on top. That may be from a prior biopsy, interestingly enough. But yeah, look at its symmetry. Is this symmetrical? Not really. No, no, no. It's pretty big. This is", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Elliptical excision', 'concept_id': 'C1707902', 'confidence': 0.8901858329772949}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neoplastic', 'concept_id': 'C1709160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'determined with', 'concept_id': 'C0521095', 'confidence': 0.8590028285980225}, {'entity': 'certainty', 'concept_id': 'C0205423', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'erosion', 'concept_id': 'C0333307', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'top', 'concept_id': 'C1420726', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_947", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004650", "caption": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6ba963b0-96f9-4e11-99d7-c8d4db19a672.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles', 'fibrous stroma', 'clefting between epithelium and stroma']", "noisy_text": " This is sort of a tricofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the tricofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromucinous. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a tricofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "corrected_text": " This is sort of a trichofolliculoma cut adjacent to the really the central cyst. And the trichofolliculoma has got a little cyst with these little miniaturized hair follicles that are radiating from the central cyst component of the lesion. So this is off to the side of it. But you can see that these follicular neoplasms, they pretty much commonly do have this stroma that you see with it that's more fibrous as opposed to fibromyxoid. And that's helpful. It's not a criterion for the diagnosis necessarily every time, but it's a helpful finding when you see it because you don't usually get clefting between the epithelium and the stroma in these lesions as opposed to a basal cell carcinoma where you do. So that's a trichofolliculoma kind of cut to the side. OK, let's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Trichofolliculoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334262', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0010709', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'miniaturized hair follicles', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 0.7287319302558899}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'central cyst', 'concept_id': 'C0205099', 'confidence': 0.7124271988868713}], [{'entity': 'Follicular', 'concept_id': 'C0439682', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'neoplasms', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibrous stroma', 'concept_id': 'C1180207', 'confidence': 0.8035051226615906}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_948", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005147", "caption": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_836ea94b-1bc5-4588-b069-005e968b8c4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['pigmented Bowen\u2019s disease']", "noisy_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of boenoid papillosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep boenoid papillosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally Bowen's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "corrected_text": " of pigmented Bowen's disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma. One could see similar changes in lesions too of bowenoid papulosis and if this was one of many or a few papules on the genitalia one would have to keep bowenoid papulosis and the differential as well here but this is one of these lesions that kind of is a fooler because it has a benign silhouette, resembles a psoriasis form dermatitis or even an inflamed pigmented seborrheic keratosis but it always behooves you to go down and check to make sure that you've got orderly maturation because architecturally squamous cell carcinoma's disease can resemble a benign keratosis. So, pigmented Bowen's disease in this case. Moving on to slide number eight. Slide number eight is the first of two interface dermatitis that we're", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Bowen\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0006079', 'confidence': 0.9730859994888306}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'maturation', 'concept_id': 'C0678723', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007137', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_949", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009384", "caption": "The presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils can indicate mycophenol. Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not present in mycophenol.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_84730f38-cd87-4e07-a673-99516f299c59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils', 'Neuroendocrine cell aggregates', 'Apoptotic bodies']", "noisy_text": " Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors microphenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic micro abscesses. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in microphenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly. And let's see if we can find some right there. Yeah. Apoptotic bodies. Yeah. So I find that", "corrected_text": " Is there a number? I think it's more than 15 per high power field. Typically, I just say, you know, the presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils favors mycophenol. The other thing is you don't see any neuroendocrine cell aggregates. Those you see in GVHD. The other thing is you don't see apoptotic bodies. Those will be in GVHD and you will not see them in mycophenol. And then, you know, actually, the main finding, let's talk about the main finding, which is what? Yeah, exactly. And let's see if we can find some right there. Yeah. Apoptotic bodies. Yeah. So I find that", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol', 'concept_id': 'C0883242', 'confidence': 0.8315404653549194}, {'entity': 'Neuroendocrine cell', 'concept_id': 'C1518275', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'aggregates', 'concept_id': 'C0205418', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'apoptotic bodies', 'concept_id': 'C3269134', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mycophenol', 'concept_id': 'C0883242', 'confidence': 0.8315404653549194}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_950", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008108", "caption": "Differentiating between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma can be challenging on needle biopsy.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "corrected_text": " And on a needle biopsy I think that can be challenging. So I think usually with some experience you can tell them apart on H and E most of the time but when I have any doubt I just do a MUC4 stain. The MUC4 is negative and on a needle it looks like a myxoma with some kind of fibrous or a little bit more cellular areas and then I just say that it's probably a cellular intramuscular myxoma. So I think MUC4 is a really helpful stain and if you don't have it in your lab you can send out and get it done at outside labs too. So again when you have the whole tumor removed it's pretty easy to tell that this is not an intramuscular myxoma. Intramuscular myxoma", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiating', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}, {'entity': 'needle biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005560', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MUC4', 'concept_id': 'C1417496', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}], [{'entity': 'Complete', 'concept_id': 'C0205197', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'differentiate', 'concept_id': 'C0205615', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C0027149', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellular intramuscular myxoma', 'concept_id': 'C1334260', 'confidence': 0.8910117149353027}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_951", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004619", "caption": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['miniaturized hair follicle', 'mantle zone', 'stem cell area', 'bulge', 'apocrine gland', 'sebaceous gland', 'hamartoma', 'fibrous sheath', 'bulge']", "noisy_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells will form a little bulge there and they actually will end up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'll end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'll form, sometimes they form a little hammertoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hammertoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "corrected_text": " Like, it looks more like if there's, if I'm going to guess, like there's, I feel like there's a little bit of like, I would guess more like towards the, like a glandular. Yeah, well, it's, it's, it's a little miniaturized hair follicle. Nope. It's like this little guy here. It's like a little tiny follicle. And there's, we always think of three parts of the hair follicle. We think of the infundibulum, the isthmus, and we think of the inferior portion, but there's a very important part right around the isthmic part, just beneath the follicle, the infundibulum, and then where the inferior portion begins, that's known as the mantle zone. And that's kind of where all the action is. That's really kind of a stem cell area that sometimes those cells wiform a little bulge there and they actually wiend up forming an apocrine gland. Sometimes they'end up forming a sebaceous gland. Sometimes they, you know, will just, they'form, sometimes they form a little hamartoma, like you see right here. And they actually end up getting you this little sort of primitive little, it almost looks like a mini hair follicle that didn't really form. And then when you look at a hair follicle, it's comprised not only of the epithelial component, but there's also a periepithelial sheath around it, a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle. And so this is a hamartoma that involves both of those. So it's got a fibrous element to it. And then", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'narrator', 'concept_id': 'C1135957', 'confidence': 0.7711340188980103}, {'entity': 'miniaturized', 'concept_id': 'C0872350', 'confidence': 0.8111259341239929}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stem cell', 'concept_id': 'C0038250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mantle zone', 'concept_id': 'C1512987', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mantle', 'concept_id': 'C0232445', 'confidence': 0.8497024178504944}, {'entity': 'zone', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bulge', 'concept_id': 'C0038999', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'apocrine gland', 'concept_id': 'C0003584', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceous gland', 'concept_id': 'C0036505', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'hamartoma', 'concept_id': 'C0018552', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'epithelial component', 'concept_id': 'C1707933', 'confidence': 0.8783122897148132}, {'entity': 'fibrous sheath', 'concept_id': 'C1185724', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hair follicle', 'concept_id': 'C0221971', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_952", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006031", "caption": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['subepidermal bullous lesion', 'bullous pemphigoid', 'microscope', 'pregnant woman', 'immunofluorescence pattern', 'Ig', 'C3', 'Ig']", "noisy_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "corrected_text": " So EBA, DH, PCT. You don't have to go through the entire... I'm just subepidermal. I'm just going through them. I don't know what's the... What if this is a 25-year-old pregnant woman? Oh, gestational. Yeah, pemphigoid gestation. And that's what this is in this case. It looks exactly like bullous pemphigoid under the microscope. You can't tell it apart. So always think of it. And what's the immunofluorescence pattern that we can see? So you would see Ig, not Ag? No Ig at all. No, okay, no. But what do you see? I'm not sure. Anybody know? C3. Linear complement", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Subepidermal', 'concept_id': 'C0221935', 'confidence': 0.8599841594696045}, {'entity': 'bullous lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0005758', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bullous pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'microscope', 'concept_id': 'C0181839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pemphigoid', 'concept_id': 'C0030805', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'gestation', 'concept_id': 'C0032961', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pregnant woman', 'concept_id': 'C0033011', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immunofluorescence pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0016318', 'confidence': 0.8741495609283447}, {'entity': 'absence', 'concept_id': 'C0332197', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Ig', 'concept_id': 'C0021027', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'C3', 'concept_id': 'C1305853', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_953", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006028", "caption": "Compressed vascular channels are present at the periphery of the tumor.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['dilated vascular channels', 'papillary projections', 'enlarged endothelial cells', 'compressed vascular channels', 'extravasated erythrocytes']", "noisy_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "corrected_text": " which will slowly risk halt. These lesions will stain, frequently with CD34, but also are strongly positive for D240. So they probably are of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin. What one looks for is a biphasic vascular tumor with this central area characterized by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'D240', 'concept_id': 'C3766973', 'confidence': 0.5323090553283691}, {'entity': 'lymphatic origin', 'concept_id': 'C0229889', 'confidence': 0.7706887125968933}, {'entity': 'vascular origin', 'concept_id': 'C0395959', 'confidence': 0.7819716334342957}], [{'entity': 'biphasic', 'concept_id': 'C0205184', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'characterized', 'concept_id': 'C1880022', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}, {'entity': 'central area', 'concept_id': 'C0929543', 'confidence': 0.8492603302001953}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'bottom piece', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.722324788570404}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}, {'entity': 'papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_954", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006991", "caption": "Inflammatory colonic pathology can present with varying degrees of inflammation.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had a history of syphilis in the past. So this is a chlamydia proctitis. And this just goes to show you how typically we say in STI proctitis, inflammation is mild to at most moderate, but you can see anything and everything under the sun when it comes to inflammatory colonic pathology and just keep an open mind. Yeah. And I'll be the first to admit that the history really, really helped in this case. No. Yes. Yes. We did immunostains to rule out CMB and", "corrected_text": " is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had a history of syphilis in the past. So this is a chlamydia proctitis. And this just goes to show you how typically we say in STI proctitis, inflammation is mild to at most moderate, but you can see anything and everything under the sun when it comes to inflammatory colonic pathology and just keep an open mind. Yeah. And I'll be the first to admit that the history really, really helped in this case. No. Yes. Yes. We did immunostains to rule out CMB and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleic acid amplification testing', 'concept_id': 'C0200932', 'confidence': 0.938366174697876}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0149856', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory', 'concept_id': 'C0333348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0030664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degrees', 'concept_id': 'C0449286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_955", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006844", "caption": "Presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels, possibly indicating inflammation secondary to a tumor or lymphoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5b1ef3bd-4451-46c6-bba5-df94b4856a3c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['lined by endothelium', 'blood vessels', 'atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei', 'intravascular', 'intravascular']", "noisy_text": " And maybe that's lined by endothelium. So it's in the vessels. Yeah, there's another area right there. So this is not an easy one. This is probably more a third year diagnosis, but there's definitely something within the blood vessels here. So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't", "corrected_text": " And maybe that's lined by endothelium. So it's in the vessels. Yeah, there's another area right there. So this is not an easy one. This is probably more a third year diagnosis, but there's definitely something within the blood vessels here. So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperchromatic nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C3553776', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secondary to', 'concept_id': 'C0175668', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_956", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008819", "caption": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a32621aa-8935-441d-a1ac-e48a230d2a50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma', 'centrally placed nucleus', 'peripherally pushed nucleus', 'gastric xanthoma', 'signet ring cells', 'poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma']", "noisy_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "corrected_text": " most of the time centrally placed nucleus. Sometimes it is pushed to the periphery. The central nuclear placement is very important for a diagnosis of xanthoma. For a signet cells, it will be predominantly peripherally pushed nucleus. And when you have doubt, you do a CD68, which will be strongly positive. And so this is a gastric xanthoma. Here, it is more like a signet cells. And when you do cytokeratin, it will all be positive. So it's a poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma. And there are only three types of pathologists in the world. And this, I got it again from Twitter, I think from", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0302314', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet ring cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333727', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'gastric xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C1282522', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'poorly differentiated', 'concept_id': 'C0205617', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'signet cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206696', 'confidence': 0.9410539865493774}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_957", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008381", "caption": "Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate with colonization.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate.', 'Possible origin of the carcinoma from the prosthetic urethra or bladder.']", "noisy_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "corrected_text": " So this is an invasive component. So it's very important to document that. So you can't just say urethral carcinoma involving the prostate, you need to say there's a lot of colonization. But you need to also make it clear that there's an invasive component. Now the next question some of you may ask me is, OK, so where is this coming from? Is this coming from the prosthetic urethra? Is this coming from the bladder? And sometimes you can't tell. And it's very important, to be honest, in your report, especially if it's a small biopsy or a top sample, where you can't see urethral carcinoma inside the component, that it could be arising from the prosthetic urethra. But you cannot exclude the possibility of this arising from the bladder. It's very important to document that. Even if you see an incisor component, that does not exclude that it's coming from the bladder. Because sometimes you can have secondary tumors colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion. So that's an important point to keep in mind. So that was an interesting case I thought I'd share. We're going to move on to case nine shortly. Case nine is a 45-year-old gentleman that presented with a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels. So remember that age is just 45. I also shared this with you. I think", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'document', 'concept_id': 'C1301746', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'component', 'concept_id': 'C0449432', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'origin', 'concept_id': 'C0079946', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007097', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonize', 'concept_id': 'C3829074', 'confidence': 0.6422675251960754}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'primary', 'concept_id': 'C0205225', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_958", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007244", "caption": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_694f7b6d-9bbc-4534-8a4a-7484cd76c906.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['negative for basal cell markers', 'patchy positive for basal cell markers', 'similar cytologic features', 'partial atrophy', 'partial atrophic hyperplasia', 'inflammation', 'well circumscribed cluster of glands', 'negative for basal cell markers', 'patchy positive for basal cell markers', 'similar cytologic features', 'partial atrophy', 'partial atrophic hyperplasia', 'inflammation', 'well circumscribed cluster of glands']", "noisy_text": " But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'll share with you very quickly. Similar scenario, but with a few differences. So this is one case. This is another case. There's partial atrophic hyperplasia over here with some inflammation. But if you come to this area over here, again, you see a fairly well circumscribed cluster of glands. And if", "corrected_text": " But some cases are tricky like this one, where some of the glands are completely negative for basal cell markers, while others are patchy positive for basal cell markers. But once you recognize on the H and E that both, you know, all these glands have similar cytologic features, both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, that should make your life very easy. So this was a very good case of partial atrophy. I have some other cases I'share with you very quickly. Similar scenario, but with a few differences. So this is one case. This is another case. There's partial atrophic hyperplasia over here with some inflammation. But if you come to this area over here, again, you see a fairly well circumscribed cluster of glands. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'basal cell', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'cytologic features', 'concept_id': 'C0205471', 'confidence': 0.7179956436157227}, {'entity': 'nucleus', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'partial', 'concept_id': 'C0728938', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_959", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004608", "caption": "Inclusion body fibromatosis can be deforming if present in large numbers.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8e12c438-65b7-4f22-b03f-1a98c212c8f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and these can actually, if they're present in large enough number, be deforming. This also goes by the name inclusion body fibromatosis, and if you ever see it on a pick list, what you want to do is go down on high power and look for the inclusions. This is kind of a high-power recognition diagnosis, but high yield. Just a beautiful example. We don't see biopsies very often of this condition. Slide number 11. Again, kind of switching gears here. We have a bisectant pudge biopsy specimen. This was also from the trunk. And as we", "corrected_text": " and these can actually, if they're present in large enough number, be deforming. This also goes by the name inclusion body fibromatosis, and if you ever see it on a pick list, what you want to do is go down on high power and look for the inclusions. This is kind of a high-power recognition diagnosis, but high yield. Just a beautiful example. We don't see biopsies very often of this condition. Slide number 11. Again, kind of switching gears here. We have a desmoplastic fibroblastoma biopsy specimen. This was also from the trunk. And as we", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inclusion body fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1318562', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'deforming', 'concept_id': 'C0333067', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'numbers', 'concept_id': 'C0237753', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inclusion body fibromatosis', 'concept_id': 'C1318562', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'high-power recognition diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0524637', 'confidence': 0.5715622305870056}], [{'entity': 'Biopsies', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'condition', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_960", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004438", "caption": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells in some areas.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign lyomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle-shaped cells that are quite very", "corrected_text": " and then it becomes much more aggressive. So that's why I'm going to do them with soft tissue. You have to think more of geography. You have to say, we're going to look at this entire thing and we're going to take sections from the whole thing because we want to make sure there's not zones in which it's become more cancerous, more aggressive in those areas. So this lesion probably started off as a benign leiomyoma. So I think in some areas it doesn't look very atypical. Right there, that's pretty typical appearing lyomyoma. Other areas though, you see there's zones of pleomorphism and some spindle cells that are quite very", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'soft tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0225317', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'cancerous', 'concept_id': 'C1514391', 'confidence': 0.763753354549408}, {'entity': 'aggressive', 'concept_id': 'C0001807', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign leiomyoma', 'concept_id': 'C0023267', 'confidence': 0.9082092046737671}], [{'entity': 'zones', 'concept_id': 'C1710706', 'confidence': 0.8182461857795715}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'areas', 'concept_id': 'C0205146', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_961", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004807", "caption": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes', 'collagen balls', 'spindle-shaped cells', 'lipophagic cells', 'ringed siderophages', 'pigmented histiocytes']", "noisy_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindled shape. The nuclei are spindled over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagia. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multi-nucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemocentaurant. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "corrected_text": " these collagen balls that are being surrounded by cells that have a somewhat spindle-shaped. The nuclei are spindle-shaped over our fusiform and they're kind of wrapping around these collagen bundles. In this same area, we can begin to see some lipophagic. So we see these large histiocytes containing lipid. Some of them are multi-nucleated and some of these are actually ringed siderophages. So we see large multinucleated histiocytes with a ring of nuclei and they contain not only lipid vacuoles but hemosiderin. And these are particularly common in this particular lesion that we're looking at. Moving towards the more cellular areas, we do see that we've got a lot of pigmented histiocytes here. The pigment present within these histiocytes", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen balls', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.7217866778373718}, {'entity': 'surrounded', 'concept_id': 'C1282914', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spindle-shaped cells', 'concept_id': 'C4230397', 'confidence': 0.803756058216095}], [{'entity': 'Lipophagic cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5962335467338562}, {'entity': 'lipid vacuoles', 'concept_id': 'C1179126', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemocyanin', 'concept_id': 'C0018999', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'ringed', 'concept_id': 'C0325501', 'confidence': 0.77345871925354}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pigmented', 'concept_id': 'C0333610', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_962", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005957", "caption": "Intravascular neoplasm is suspected, possibly a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that is epithelial in nature.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_7b28124b-26e5-41df-a292-b4158529706a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Atypical cells inside blood vessels with hyperchromatic nuclei.', 'Large cells hugging each other and looking epithelial.']", "noisy_text": " So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't have a huge inflammatory response like intravascular lymphoma. Yeah, yeah. So you say the intravascular neoplasm of some sort. Well, I'm not sure what this is. And they kind of look epithelial. If you look at it, it looks like these cells are really hugging one another and they're pretty large. So yeah, I would agree with you. I'd say this is an intravascular neoplasm and maybe it's a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that's possibly epithelial. If it's a lymphoma, it's going to be pretty weird. It'd have to be some kind of a histiocytoid lymphoma, something that's got these cells very large and looks like histiocytes. This is an example of an intravascular metastatic breast cancer in this case. And probably the lymphocytic infiltrator is just, you know, it's like", "corrected_text": " So the inflammation is probably happening secondary to that. This is, whoa, these cells don't belong here. And, you know, they're sitting inside these blood vessels and they look atypical. There's like hyperchromatic nuclei here. They vary in size and shape. Like intravascular, it doesn't, like lymphoma? I mean, the only thing I think of where it's like, you don't have a huge inflammatory response like intravascular lymphoma. Yeah, yeah. So you say the intravascular neoplasm of some sort. Well, I'm not sure what this is. And they kind of look epithelial. If you look at it, it looks like these cells are really hugging one another and they're pretty large. So yeah, I would agree with you. I'd say this is an intravascular neoplasm and maybe it's a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that's possibly epithelial. If it's a lymphoma, it's going to be pretty weird. It'd have to be some kind of a histiocytic lymphoma, something that's got these cells very large and looks like histiocytes. This is an example of an intravascular metastatic breast cancer in this case. And probably the lymphocytic infiltrator is just, you know, it's like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secondary', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'blood vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyperchromatic nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C3553776', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'shape', 'concept_id': 'C0332479', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intravascular neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027668', 'confidence': 0.8177628517150879}, {'entity': 'suspected', 'concept_id': 'C0332147', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'metastatic neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'skin', 'concept_id': 'C0444099', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nature', 'concept_id': 'C0349590', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024299', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'histiocytic lymphoma', 'concept_id': 'C0024302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'histiocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0019612', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'intravascular metastatic breast cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0278488', 'confidence': 0.766404926776886}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_963", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009454", "caption": "The tumor has a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, but the diagnosis is still low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " So this tumor has been in the past described as hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and we now recognize and have immunohistochemical and molecular proof that this is just a morphologic variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so I'll still mention this oftentimes in the report just as a kind of a comment that this tumor has the unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes but in my line diagnosis I would still call this low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma because it is low-grade fibromyxoid and look again how dense the collagen is in this area this is that sclerotic kind of area really has almost like a tiger", "corrected_text": " So this tumor has been in the past described as hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and we now recognize and have immunohistochemical and molecular proof that this is just a morphologic variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma so I'll still mention this oftentimes in the report just as a kind of a comment that this tumor has the unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes but in my line diagnosis I would still call this low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma because it is low-grade fibromyxoid and look again how dense the collagen is in this area this is that sclerotic kind of area really has almost like a tiger", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'hyalinizing', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'giant', 'concept_id': 'C0017547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}], [{'entity': 'morphologic', 'concept_id': 'C0543482', 'confidence': 0.9229367971420288}, {'entity': 'variation', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'unique', 'concept_id': 'C1710548', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyalinizing', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'giant', 'concept_id': 'C0017547', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosettes', 'concept_id': 'C0035863', 'confidence': 0.8847858905792236}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_964", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005037", "caption": "A tumor is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands, likely arising from the prostatic urethra.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['tumor', 'prostatic urethra', 'inflammatory response']", "noisy_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. Urethelial carcinoma can do that. But this specular entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "corrected_text": " is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands. And when you see that, it's usually, obviously, you want to exclude an introductory process, colonizing benign glands. But you also want to exclude secondary tumors. Secondary tumors do that, too. Colorectal carcinoma can do that. urothelial carcinoma can do that. But this specific entity is arising not from the colon, even though it looks like it in areas. It's also not arising from the bladder. This is actually arising from the prostatic urethra. So this is what used to be the prostatic urethra, which has been destroyed by this tumor, because the tumor actually arose from here. I'll show you some early stages of this, early forms of this. This is like an advanced case. You can see there's a very florid host inflammatory response. As you'll", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colonizing', 'concept_id': 'C1300196', 'confidence': 0.61208176612854}, {'entity': 'destroying', 'concept_id': 'C1948029', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign glands', 'concept_id': 'C1301287', 'confidence': 0.726940393447876}, {'entity': 'prostatic urethra', 'concept_id': 'C0458450', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Secondary tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027627', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'colorectal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0009402', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'urothelial carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007138', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'destroy', 'concept_id': 'C0681205', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'host', 'concept_id': 'C1167395', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'inflammatory response', 'concept_id': 'C1155266', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_965", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009159", "caption": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_58a2cf0e-9b77-4366-a034-6aa08c3f4e31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia', 'Superficial injury', 'Bottom crypts', 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'Cytologic atypia']", "noisy_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyaluronized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "corrected_text": " what you see in patients with ischemia. So basically, injury that's predominantly superficial with relative preservation of the bottom crypts. Very hyalinized lamina propria when the ischemia has been ongoing for a while. It may or may not be there when the ischemia has been short-lived. Here you can see very nicely the superficial injury with relatively preserved bottoms. I find the cytologic atypia really helpful when I'm dealing with cases where I really don't know what's going on. I've caught maybe one or two cases of patients with subclinical very mild level ischemia that the only finding was just the cytologic atypia that I don't know where it's really coming from. And I'll show a case down the road. Actually, I'll show it right now. So this is a patient who I don't really remember the clinical history. I just thought, I mean, the architecture", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Superficial injury', 'concept_id': 'C0332671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Hyalinized lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C0332230', 'confidence': 0.7577076554298401}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'finding', 'concept_id': 'C0037088', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mild', 'concept_id': 'C1513302', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ischemia', 'concept_id': 'C0022116', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_966", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007164", "caption": "The collagen fibers are wavy, indicating a fibroblastic proliferation rather than a neural proliferation.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_456bb1de-691c-4dfb-a9c1-ac6fbf8892e0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['wavy collagen fibers', 'fibroblastic proliferation', 'neural proliferation', 'wavy collagen fibers', 'fibroblastic proliferation', 'neural proliferation']", "noisy_text": " and you can see that the actual collagen fibers are really wavy up and down that usually is a sign that you're dealing with a fibroblastic proliferation not a neural proliferation. Neural proliferations are gently wavy gently undulating and usually not strikingly wavy like this my fellow Ed Fulton my DermPath fellow from from last year he loves to say he told me that he thought to the collagen here looks kind of like ramen noodles the dry ramen noodles when they first come out of the package if you don't know what that looks like you should a buy some ramen noodles and eat them because they're good and also you should go do a Google image search and you can see what ramen noodles in a package look like", "corrected_text": " and you can see that the actual collagen fibers are really wavy up and down that usually is a sign that you're dealing with a fibroblastic proliferation not a neural proliferation. Neural proliferations are gently wavy gently undulating and usually not strikingly wavy like this my fellow Ed Fulton my DermPath fellow from from last year he loves to say he told me that he thought to the collagen here looks kind of like ramen noodles the dry ramen noodles when they first come out of the package if you don't know what that looks like you should a buy some ramen noodles and eat them because they're good and also you should go do a Google image search and you can see what ramen noodles in a package look like", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'fibers', 'concept_id': 'C0000696', 'confidence': 0.9201323986053467}, {'entity': 'wavy', 'concept_id': 'C1969185', 'confidence': 0.8467161655426025}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C1326347', 'confidence': 0.9352954626083374}, {'entity': 'neural proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.8048738241195679}], [{'entity': 'Neural proliferations', 'concept_id': 'C0334094', 'confidence': 0.826797604560852}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_967", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008982", "caption": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves', 'sarcoid granulomatous inflammation', 'involvement around nerves']", "noisy_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The nansins? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "corrected_text": " That's the tuberculoid. Yeah, good. The tuberculoid form of leprosy gives you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. It's elongated. Very good. That's exactly right. What else can give you sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation? Can I ask a quick question about the sarcoid with the two... The sarcoidosis? So, I had a case, I saw a case that looked kind of horizontal, but it was sarcoid. And so, what other ways can you tell? Sometimes it can be difficult, but usually you're going to see involvement around nerves damaged nerves. You're about to get sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. They always have very high risk inflammatory reactions. They just wipe out the nerves. So, that's helpful. Wasn't", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Tuberculoid', 'concept_id': 'C0544783', 'confidence': 0.8459237217903137}, {'entity': 'leprosy', 'concept_id': 'C0023343', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Involvement', 'concept_id': 'C1314939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'damaged nerves', 'concept_id': 'C3887709', 'confidence': 0.8087002038955688}, {'entity': 'sarcoid', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'granulomatous inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0553697', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_968", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005179", "caption": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation', 'muscularization of the lamina propria', 'gastric mucosa', 'chemical gastritis', 'antral biopsy', 'inflammation']", "noisy_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "corrected_text": " and in cases of mucosal prolapse in colon. Remember that solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, which is totally misnomer. It is neither solitary, can be seen in other parts other than rectum. There may not be any ulcer, there is no syndrome. So the whole solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a misnomer. But muscularization of the lamina propria is one of the criteria for mucosal prolapse that is happening in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. And this is a gastric mucosa. Here when you see muscularization of the lamina propria, you have to think of chemical gastritis. Will it form surface changes? Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criteria. When you see it in the endoscopic biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criterion', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mucosal prolapse', 'concept_id': 'C0034888', 'confidence': 0.826268196105957}, {'entity': 'colon', 'concept_id': 'C0009368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome', 'concept_id': 'C4274343', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Muscularization', 'concept_id': 'C0027686', 'confidence': 0.7611830234527588}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0017136', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biliary reflux', 'concept_id': 'C0232483', 'confidence': 0.7931289672851562}, {'entity': 'NSAID', 'concept_id': 'C0003211', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_969", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004201", "caption": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes', 'typical storiform pattern', 'ring chromosome', 'translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor', 'diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes']", "noisy_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSB. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSB. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, beautiful storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSB. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "corrected_text": " you can impress your friends and colleagues. You can say, this is DFSP. You don't need the storiform pattern. If you see this, you got the diagnosis. No other neoplasm really gets diffusely between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this, other than DFSP. Now you look up here and yeah, you do have the nice, typical storiform pattern here. And you don't really need a CD34 stain here. You can do it if you want to, if you like to sort of charge patients extra money, but this is a classic DFSP. And that ring chromosome, the collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, the translocation is classic for that. And one", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0206131', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'storiform pattern', 'concept_id': 'C1336510', 'confidence': 0.8142904043197632}], [{'entity': 'CD34 stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 0.5134490728378296}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ring chromosome', 'concept_id': 'C0035639', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'translocation', 'concept_id': 'C0040715', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'collagen A', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9128584265708923}, {'entity': 'platelet-derived growth factor', 'concept_id': 'C0032200', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_970", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1004843", "caption": "Punch biopsy showing an interface dermatitis on the trunk.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Biopsy specimen from the trunk.']", "noisy_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by bacular change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of perikaratosis within the", "corrected_text": " Okay, let's go ahead and move on to slide number nine. This was another example of an interface dermatitis. We have a bisected punch biopsy here. This biopsy specimen was from the trunk and one can see that we've got a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in these sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration. If we look at the epidermis, we can see, again, there's an obscuration of the normal epidermal junction by vacuolar change and Apache lymphocytic infiltrate. In this particular instance, there's also a little bit of spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces, and there are some mounds of parakeratosis within the", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Punch biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0182557', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'interface dermatitis', 'concept_id': 'C0262981', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trunk', 'concept_id': 'C0225442', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Superficial', 'concept_id': 'C0205124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep perivascular infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C4531289', 'confidence': 0.8486854434013367}, {'entity': 'sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'wedge-shaped configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1695776', 'confidence': 0.6548662185668945}], [{'entity': 'Obscuration', 'concept_id': 'C4100897', 'confidence': 0.8260445594787598}, {'entity': 'vacuolar change', 'concept_id': 'C0010840', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Apache lymphocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0333386', 'confidence': 0.8769314885139465}], [{'entity': 'Spongiosis', 'concept_id': 'C0702120', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'exocytosis', 'concept_id': 'C0015283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'intracellular', 'concept_id': 'C0175996', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'spaces', 'concept_id': 'C1883067', 'confidence': 0.7782474160194397}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_971", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1004343", "caption": "This constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['Vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer (cornoid lamella)', 'Vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer (cornoid lamella)']", "noisy_text": " cells and also if we look in the dermal papillae between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the dermal papillae. Looking over at the far edge of this lesion however, we can see that we've got this vertical column of pericaratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer and this is very characteristic and meets all the criteria for a cornoid lamella. So we have this hyperplastic epidermis that is papillated with an inflammatory infiltrate and several discrete cornoid lamella formation across the biopsy specimen and this constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porocaratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large plaques in", "corrected_text": " cells and also if we look in the papillary dermis between these zones, there are really no identifiable foam cells present within the papillary dermis. Looking over at the far edge of this lesion however, we can see that we've got this vertical column of parakeratosis with underlying dyskeratotic cells in the stratum corneum and an absent granule layer and this is very characteristic and meets all the criteria for a cornoid lamella. So we have this hyperplastic epidermis that is papillary with an inflammatory infiltrate and several discrete cornoid lamella formation across the biopsy specimen and this constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large plaques in", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'biopsy specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0677862', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}, {'entity': 'papillary', 'concept_id': 'C0205312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammatory infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C3887644', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'discrete cornoid lamella formation', 'concept_id': 'C3552548', 'confidence': 0.7204381823539734}], [{'entity': 'constellation', 'concept_id': 'C5227392', 'confidence': 0.6721397042274475}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'porokeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0162839', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papules', 'concept_id': 'C0332563', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_972", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006213", "caption": "The lesion in question is a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bb553ad9-91c5-4867-9261-6ce8b5efcff2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei']", "noisy_text": " the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemociderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of", "corrected_text": " the to the lesion in question, we've got a lot of hemocentaurant-laden histiocytes here. We've also got, in other areas, fascicles, kind of randomly oriented of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei. There's a little bit of nuclear pleomorphism, but if you know, we're not seeing any necrosis or an appreciable number of mitotic figures. And this large cellular fibrohystic-acidic infiltrate, again with the collagen trapping and ring siderophages out of the periphery, seems to be compressing the fat. And the constellation of features in these sections is pathognomonic, of course, or a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. This is a type of", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'question', 'concept_id': 'C1522634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderotic', 'concept_id': 'C0019114', 'confidence': 0.7758374810218811}, {'entity': 'aneurysmal type', 'concept_id': 'C0439651', 'confidence': 0.8459930419921875}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0018916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'variant', 'concept_id': 'C0205419', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'sections', 'concept_id': 'C0007876', 'confidence': 0.8770228624343872}, {'entity': 'cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0019618', 'confidence': 0.7253735065460205}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'trapping', 'concept_id': 'C0282665', 'confidence': 0.8904784917831421}, {'entity': 'ring siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.6553963422775269}], [{'entity': 'nuclear pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C1518437', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'necrosis', 'concept_id': 'C0027540', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mitoses', 'concept_id': 'C0026255', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_973", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1007110", "caption": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['granuloma', 'granuloma', 'lamina propria', 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'infectious process', 'sarcoidosis', 'uveitis']", "noisy_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "corrected_text": " I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if they're necrotizing, but even if they're not, and also think of sarcoid. This patient had sarcoid. So I said, this is probably not IBD, clinicians came down, we want to look at the biopsy, of course. It turns out that they went back and talked to the patient. The patient has a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis. Nobody knew about they treated the patient for sarcoid, re-biopsied the patient. And he was fine. There were no more granulomas on multiple repeat biopsies. And now compare those grannies with the grannies in Crohn's. So here's", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granuloma', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'history', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'uveitis', 'concept_id': 'C0042164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Re-biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.6681398749351501}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_974", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005294", "caption": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including the deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Lesions around the A-web, the nose', 'Deeper nodular form of sarcoidosis']", "noisy_text": " So, yeah, there's several other things you can do. We're doing ulcerative colitis with rosacea sometimes. Usually not this intense, but you can see it in rosacea also. So, we'll show the picture of this. So, this is a classic clinical. These are lesions around the A-web, the nose. Beautiful example. The deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type of sarcoid. The guy on the right is going to come over and plaque wipe the area. So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. Caneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. Caneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of real sarcoid. But, obviously,", "corrected_text": " So, yeah, there's several other things you can do. We're doing ulcerative colitis with rosacea sometimes. Usually not this intense, but you can see it in rosacea also. So, we'll show the picture of this. So, this is a classic clinical. These are lesions around the A-web, the nose. Beautiful example. The deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type of sarcoid. The guy on the right is going to come over and plaque wipe the area. So, there are a lot of clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis. So, yeah, this is a beautiful example of that. cutaneous Crohn's, that's why I was going to ask. cutaneous Crohn's can look sort of like this, yeah. That would be the differential also. So, yeah, you think about that. Usually, you know, Balfour's and Rosenthal. Usually not quite this degree like you see here. This is really a great example of sarcoidosis. But, obviously,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Ulcerative colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0009324', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rosacea', 'concept_id': 'C0035854', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lesions', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'A-web', 'concept_id': 'C0282111', 'confidence': 0.5314000844955444}, {'entity': 'nose', 'concept_id': 'C0028429', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clinical manifestations', 'concept_id': 'C4231046', 'confidence': 0.9626281261444092}, {'entity': 'nodular form', 'concept_id': 'C0205297', 'confidence': 0.8008954524993896}, {'entity': 'Dariae ruse type', 'concept_id': 'C0332307', 'confidence': 0.5478090047836304}], [{'entity': 'Cutaneous Crohns', 'concept_id': 'C0221912', 'confidence': 0.5978212356567383}, {'entity': 'clinical presentation', 'concept_id': 'C4554564', 'confidence': 0.8858868479728699}, {'entity': 'sarcoidosis', 'concept_id': 'C0036202', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_975", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1005509", "caption": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the legs, particularly the ankle.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d327ce07-00c2-4757-a820-f54f96604301.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " This one is a nice example of like a cellular DF with lipidization. What part of the body are these most commonly located on? Legs? Yeah, the ankle. In fact, they used to be called the ankle type DF. People still call it that because that's their common location. I don't know why it always occurs in that location, but that's a very common site where you see these. Sometimes they can be several centimeters. If they're really big, they're still benign. Rarely there's been a case of corks and Fletcher who reports everything that can possibly happen that they need to spread to localized nodes. But anyway,", "corrected_text": " This one is a nice example of like a cellular DF with lipidization. What part of the body are these most commonly located on? Legs? Yeah, the ankle. In fact, they used to be called the ankle type DF. People still call it that because that's their common location. I don't know why it always occurs in that location, but that's a very common site where you see these. Sometimes they can be several centimeters. If they're really big, they're still benign. Rarely there's been a case of corks and Fletcher who reports everything that can possibly happen that they need to spread to localized nodes. But anyway,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Cellular DF', 'concept_id': 'C0007634', 'confidence': 0.7029635906219482}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'legs', 'concept_id': 'C1140621', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ankle', 'concept_id': 'C0003086', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_976", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008320", "caption": "Description of the vessel pattern seen in myxoid liposarcoma, which includes delicate vessels with single file endothelial cells and no muscle layer or pericytes.", "image_path": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_9b09f62b-7b59-430c-9ce5-0d70de861ae3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['red cells in vessels resembling rollo formation', 'single file endothelial cells', 'vessel pattern in myxoid liposarcoma', 'delicate vessels that break open easily.']", "noisy_text": " If you find ones with red cells in them, sometimes the red cells look like rollo formation. There's like only room for one single, single file endothelial cells to go through the vessel. That's the way I like to think of them. So if you're seeing vessels that are branchy, but have like a muscle layer around them, a nice layer of pericytes, obviously around the outside of the endothelium, that's not the vessel pattern that you look for in myxoid liposarcoma. You want these super delicate vessels that if you touch them, they just break open, right? Look at that.", "corrected_text": " If you find ones with red cells in them, sometimes the red cells look like rollo formation. There's like only room for one single, single file endothelial cells to go through the vessel. That's the way I like to think of them. So if you're seeing vessels that are branching, but have like a muscle layer around them, a nice layer of pericytes, obviously around the outside of the endothelium, that's not the vessel pattern that you look for in myxoid liposarcoma. You want these super delicate vessels that if you touch them, they just break open, right? Look at that.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'vessel', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pattern', 'concept_id': 'C0449774', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid liposarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206634', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'delicate vessels', 'concept_id': 'C0005847', 'confidence': 0.7629815936088562}, {'entity': 'endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0225336', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'muscle layer', 'concept_id': 'C0225358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pericytes', 'concept_id': 'C0598800', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_977", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008782", "caption": "DFSPs can have vesicular and herringbone areas as they transform into a higher grade form.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " here like that see all the cells are kind of streaming the same direction so one thing you could consider here I think would be would be a dermata fibrosarcoma protuberans a myxoid DFSP DFSPs particularly as they transform into a higher grade form they can begin to get kind of vesicular almost herringbone areas and even though this isn't nearly as cellular as a fibrosarcoma as DFSP I think still seeing myxoid bland spindle cell thing that has that has areas like this could really make me wonder am I dealing with a DFSP and DFSPs that get more cellular", "corrected_text": " here like that see all the cells are kind of streaming the same direction so one thing you could consider here I think would be would be a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans a myxoid DFSP DFSPs particularly as they transform into a higher grade form they can begin to get kind of vesicular almost herringbone areas and even though this isn't nearly as cellular as a fibrosarcoma as DFSP I think still seeing myxoid bland spindle cell thing that has that has areas like this could really make me wonder am I dealing with a DFSP and DFSPs that get more cellular", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'concept_id': 'C0206647', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'DFSP', 'concept_id': 'C0392784', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'streaming', 'concept_id': 'C0720356', 'confidence': 0.736393928527832}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'direction', 'concept_id': 'C0449738', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'myxoid bland spindle cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682540', 'confidence': 0.6821858286857605}], [{'entity': 'DFSPs', 'concept_id': 'C0334464', 'confidence': 0.8083938360214233}, {'entity': 'vesicular', 'concept_id': 'C0205378', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'herringbone areas', 'concept_id': 'C0264075', 'confidence': 0.7204739451408386}, {'entity': 'transform', 'concept_id': 'C1510411', 'confidence': 0.8196498155593872}, {'entity': 'higher', 'concept_id': 'C0205250', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'grade form', 'concept_id': 'C0441800', 'confidence': 0.7383699417114258}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_978", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008253", "caption": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4c518c51-7ba0-469b-bf27-ada67608e34f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['coalescing masses of granulomas', 'expanding the lamina propria']", "noisy_text": " Crohn's. No. Why is it not Crohn's? So two main reasons why it's not Crohn's. So number one, the architecture is completely preserved. Okay. That can happen in Crohn's. Why not? The granulomas are too good to be true. You can have granulomas sometimes will form in Crohn's of course, rarely, but they won't be coalescing. They won't be expanding the lamina propria to this degree. So if you have coalescing masses of granulomas, quite romantic. I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if", "corrected_text": " Crohn's. No. Why is it not Crohn's? So two main reasons why it's not Crohn's. So number one, the architecture is completely preserved. Okay. That can happen in Crohn's. Why not? The granulomas are too good to be true. You can have granulomas sometimes will form in Crohn's of course, rarely, but they won't be coalescing. They won't be expanding the lamina propria to this degree. So if you have coalescing masses of granulomas, quite romantic. I like this place. So if you have big coalescing masses of granuloma, expanding your lamina propria, think something other than Crohn's. Think of infectious process, especially if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tissue', 'concept_id': 'C0040300', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': \"Crohn's disease\", 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'architecture', 'concept_id': 'C0003737', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'coalescing masses', 'concept_id': 'C4727092', 'confidence': 0.5960795283317566}, {'entity': 'granulomas', 'concept_id': 'C0018188', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Infectious process', 'concept_id': 'C0745283', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Crohn\u2019s disease', 'concept_id': 'C0010346', 'confidence': 0.8916962146759033}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_979", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006806", "caption": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland', 'basal cells at the periphery', 'enlarged nuclei', 'intraductal carcinoma of the prostate', 'adjacent invasive tumor', 'previously benign gland']", "noisy_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the pink chromogen. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for introductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the introductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called introductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'll demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "corrected_text": " Let me show you what the cocktail looks like. Again, this is the pin three, or some call it pin four. You have the P63, you have the hemoglobin cytokeratin, and then you have the racemase, which is the AMACR. And as you can see, as I demonstrated on the H&E, basal cells are indeed present. This is too much for high-grade pin. This is basically what is called a solid cribriform kind of pattern, in which over 50% of the lumen is filled by tumor cells. So this is way too much for high-grade pin. But it's not invasive, because you have basal cells at the periphery. And the nuclei are enlarged. These nuclei are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei. So this case meets the criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. There is an invasive component, which you can see is negative for basal cell markers. But you have the intraductal component. And this is a very interesting entity. The vast majority of cases, and I'll show you the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens in a second, but the vast majority of these so-called intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor. And it usually occurs in patients that have high-volume tumors. When I show you the corresponding radical prostatectomies, you'll see what I'm talking about. You usually don't have this in patients in their radicals that have 5% prostate cancer or 10% prostate cancer. It's usually patients that have extensive prostate cancer involvement, and the invasive glands basically have nowhere else to go but to colonize adjacent benign glands. And I'demonstrate that to you shortly. But there's a small subset of these tumors that actually occur de novo, which means that they do not have adjacent invasive cancer, but arise de novo within a previously benign gland. But that's exceedingly rare. And the key message here is that the vast majority of these cases are actually with invasive cancer. So when you're communicating with urology colleagues or oncology colleagues,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cocktail', 'concept_id': 'C0678420', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'markers', 'concept_id': 'C0181734', 'confidence': 0.890313982963562}, {'entity': 'intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.7927443981170654}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0596155', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}, {'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C4013177', 'confidence': 0.7774685621261597}, {'entity': 'size', 'concept_id': 'C0456389', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'normal', 'concept_id': 'C0205307', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Intraductal carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007124', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasion', 'concept_id': 'C1269955', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'colonization', 'concept_id': 'C4289767', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'adjacent', 'concept_id': 'C0205117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign gland', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 0.7986565828323364}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_980", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1006990", "caption": "Patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating chlamydia proctitis.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had a history of syphilis in the past. So this is a chlamydia proctitis. And this just goes to show you how typically we say in STI proctitis, inflammation is mild to at most moderate, but you can see anything and everything under the sun when it comes to inflammatory colonic pathology and just keep an open mind. Yeah. And I'll be the first to admit that the history really, really helped in this case. No. Yes. Yes. We did immunostains to rule out CMB and", "corrected_text": " is probably STI. And I said, well, it's really, really inflamed for STI. And lo and behold, she was right. The patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia. Plus, he had a history of syphilis in the past. So this is a chlamydia proctitis. And this just goes to show you how typically we say in STI proctitis, inflammation is mild to at most moderate, but you can see anything and everything under the sun when it comes to inflammatory colonic pathology and just keep an open mind. Yeah. And I'll be the first to admit that the history really, really helped in this case. No. Yes. Yes. We did immunostains to rule out CMB and", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nucleic acid amplification testing', 'concept_id': 'C0200932', 'confidence': 0.938366174697876}, {'entity': 'chlamydia', 'concept_id': 'C0008148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chlamydia proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0149856', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory', 'concept_id': 'C0333348', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pathology', 'concept_id': 'C0030664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'degrees', 'concept_id': 'C0449286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'History', 'concept_id': 'C0019664', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosing', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'STI', 'concept_id': 'C0036916', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'proctitis', 'concept_id': 'C0033246', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_981", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008703", "caption": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_34412311-c4b7-43e7-a39e-2295e0cd94dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.', 'Prostate cancer with aberrant P63 staining expression.']", "noisy_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "corrected_text": " Again, you want to look at your internal control. These are the glands that were comfortable or benign. You can see they're staining for both nuclear stain and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, which is the hemoglobin cytokeratin. In this baccalaureate case, the racemase was predominantly negative. There's a hint of staining in areas, but it's predominantly negative. What is striking, what is very striking, is the fact that the P63 is diffusely positive, which they found very odd. And so this is a very, very fascinating case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with aberrant P63 expression, or what some people call P63 prostate prostate cancer. And I'll show you, this is the index case, but I'll show you a few other cases. Because it's a very, very fascinating, it's an", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'examination', 'concept_id': 'C0031809', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'nuclear', 'concept_id': 'C0521447', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'membranous', 'concept_id': 'C0025255', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'wispy cytoplasmic stain', 'concept_id': 'C0010834', 'confidence': 0.6738394498825073}, {'entity': 'hemoglobin cytokeratin', 'concept_id': 'C0010803', 'confidence': 0.7460406422615051}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'racemase', 'concept_id': 'C0034503', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Diffuse positive P63 staining', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.5406208634376526}, {'entity': 'expression', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007112', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'P63 prostate cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0376358', 'confidence': 0.7053087949752808}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_982", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1008740", "caption": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation.", "image_path": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "roi_text": "['prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'prominent nucleoli', 'reactive cytologic atypia', 'chemotherapy or radiation', 'cancer', 'inflammatory bowel disease']", "noisy_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleolide, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this crazy cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "corrected_text": " I'm missing it. Okay. I think what's catching my eye for the most part is the prominent nucleoli, but what would you say about the NC ratio? Yeah, I think overall it's low. You have lots, loads of cytoplasm. Even though the nuclei are big, you have loads of cytoplasm. So, with this morphology, first of all, the question was, you know, inflammatory bowel disease. Okay, maybe, but the cytology is not great for the degree of reactive epithelial changes. Although you can have some crazy looking inflammatory bowel disease cases, it's really crazy. When I see crazy bizarre epithelial atypia, I think about treatment effect, either chemotherapy or radiation. Both of them can give you this reactive cytologic atypia that sometimes may actually make you think of cancer. We've got a couple of cases received in consultation. I'm remembering one specifically in the stomach where the question is, what about this cancer? And it wasn't. It was just crazy reactive epithelial changes in a patient who we didn't know, but the patient had received radiotherapy for lung cancer. And it definitely looked a lot like malignancy, but there was something not right about it. So, this patient was receiving at the same time chemotherapy for his pancreatic cancer. One thing you can see in patients, especially when they're receiving radiation,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Prominent', 'concept_id': 'C0205402', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'nucleoli', 'concept_id': 'C0007609', 'confidence': 0.8710004091262817}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'NC', 'concept_id': 'C0027964', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ratio', 'concept_id': 'C0456603', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low', 'concept_id': 'C0205251', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'Reactive cytologic atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 0.8587049245834351}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'treatment effect', 'concept_id': 'C1518681', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemotherapy', 'concept_id': 'C0013216', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Crazy', 'concept_id': 'C0424157', 'confidence': 0.6988691687583923}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'concept_id': 'C0021390', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cytology', 'concept_id': 'C0010818', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_983", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1008719", "caption": "Dilated vascular channels are present.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['siderophages']", "noisy_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemocidiotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "corrected_text": " by these dilated vascular channels. Let's look at the bottom piece, which frequently do contain these papillary projections, which protrude into the lumina, these plump endothelial cells, and then at the periphery, more compressed vascular channels, which dissect between collagen bundles. And it's at the periphery one frequently sees extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes. So targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to distinguish these from patch gage stage Kaposi's. And again, HHV8 stain will help you because these are routinely negative for HHVA and the Kaposi's, of course, will always stain with an HHV8 stain. And we will close out our discussion with slide number 12, which is kind of a cool case to end on. And we have two pieces of tissue here. And if", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Dilated', 'concept_id': 'C0700124', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.7465758919715881}], [{'entity': 'Papillary projections', 'concept_id': 'C0016538', 'confidence': 0.7451471090316772}, {'entity': 'lumina', 'concept_id': 'C0524462', 'confidence': 0.845600426197052}], [{'entity': 'Enlarged endothelial cells', 'concept_id': 'C0423263', 'confidence': 0.7785332202911377}], [{'entity': 'Compressed vascular channels', 'concept_id': 'C1336948', 'confidence': 0.5993747711181641}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bundles', 'concept_id': 'C3658308', 'confidence': 0.8706014752388}], [{'entity': 'Extravasated', 'concept_id': 'C0015376', 'confidence': 0.868863582611084}, {'entity': 'erythrocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0014772', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'siderophages', 'concept_id': 'C1136253', 'confidence': 0.7251443266868591}, {'entity': 'infiltrate', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lymphocytes', 'concept_id': 'C0024264', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'periphery', 'concept_id': 'C1622967', 'confidence': 0.8329963088035583}], [{'entity': 'Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma', 'concept_id': 'C0346076', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': \"patch stage Kaposi's\", 'concept_id': 'C0280201', 'confidence': 0.7629613280296326}], [{'entity': 'HHV8', 'concept_id': 'C0036220', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stain', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_984", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1005326", "caption": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_adc17ea5-6336-438c-97f0-bc0b05d66e80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['fibroblastic looking cells']", "noisy_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytologically. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "corrected_text": " Let me flip the condenser back so we can see it more clearly. So this is what it looks like without the condenser on, again, very delicate stringy fine collagen and in between these bland, bland, thin, not atypical at all, fibroblastic looking cells. And I could show anyone a picture of that, one picture. That does not look malignant, it looks totally benign by all of the rules that we usually use to assess malignancy histologically and cytology. This is the most important take home point from this whole video. These tumors do not usually look malignant and because of that if you don't recognize the pattern, it is so easy to misdiagnose them as a benign thing. So I think a couple ways to avoid that is A, don't look at this and say, oh look it's a benign and it looks fibroblastic, let's call it a fibroma, don't do that. The other thing, one of my mentors, one of my greatest mentors, the one who made me decide to pursue academic medicine and teaching, Dr. Jay Rowe from Houston Methodist Hospital, what he told me, it was I think some great advice, he said if you see a lesion that you think is a neoplasm and you think it's a benign neoplasm but you don't know a name for it, don't just sign it out and diagnose it as benign neoplasm, not otherwise specified unless you're an expert in that particular subspecialty. Go and show it to an expert if you have a case like that and the reason is that maybe most of the time you'll be okay doing that but you're going to end up having things like this that are known entities that don't look malignant. In soft tissue we have quite a few of these, we have low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma also looks totally benign most of the time unless you recognize the pattern. So this is another one of those tumors where the histologic pattern is really the key to recognizing the diagnosis. So I'm going to go in even higher power to convince you, yes these are sarcoma cells right here.", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign-looking tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0086692', 'confidence': 0.5747699737548828}, {'entity': 'collagen', 'concept_id': 'C0009325', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'fibroblastic', 'concept_id': 'C0016030', 'confidence': 0.8876925110816956}, {'entity': 'histologic', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_985", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006926", "caption": "Papillary configuration is the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['atypia', 'infiltrated the underlying stroma', 'solid looking tumor', 'lining epithelial cells', 'infiltrative pattern', 'malignant tumor', 'invasive pattern', 'calcified body', 'rounded calcified bodies', 'papillary configuration', 'papillary structures', 'psammoma bodies']", "noisy_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, pepillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is pepillary. So most of these tumors they show pepillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the pepillary configuration and that pepillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst pepillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of somoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the somoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the pepillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "corrected_text": " they will they will be infiltrative pattern, invasive pattern of the tumor, solid looking tumor with you can see here again, papillary structures are very clearly seen even in the here. This is the picture of serous cyst adenocarcinoma, why we are saying it is carcinoma? Because the lining epithelial cells they have these they have the characteristic feature of atypia, atypia we all know hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, atypical mitotic activity, high MC ratio all these features are seen in these cells along with infiltration. These cells they have infiltrated the underlying stroma, when they have infiltrated the underlying stroma we call this is a malignant tumor, this is serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Now we come to the most common presentation of the serous cyst adenocarcinoma that is papillary. So most of these tumors they show papillary configuration that is their cells the epithelial cells they are found in the they form the papillary configuration and that papillae then ultimately they invade and they result in the invasiveness. And we all know that the serous cyst papillary carcinoma we these adenocarcinoma of the ovary this frequently is associated with presence of psammoma bodies and what is somoma body you all know from your 3rd year lectures and it was very frequently asked in your viva questions also in your viva examination also that somoma body is a calcified body, rounded calcified bodies are the psammoma bodies and these are the typical features or typical findings that are commonly seen in the papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Now we come to the mucinous tumors, again the mucinous tumors are again categorized in mucinous", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltrative', 'concept_id': 'C4527217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'invasive', 'concept_id': 'C0205281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'solid', 'concept_id': 'C0205208', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary structures', 'concept_id': 'C0030352', 'confidence': 0.7890171408653259}], [{'entity': 'tumor', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'infiltration', 'concept_id': 'C0332448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant behavior', 'concept_id': 'C0004927', 'confidence': 0.7649628520011902}], [{'entity': 'Papillary configuration', 'concept_id': 'C1276436', 'confidence': 0.9154161214828491}, {'entity': 'presentation', 'concept_id': 'C0449450', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'serous cyst adenocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206701', 'confidence': 0.8984156847000122}], [{'entity': 'Serous cyst papillary carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C3839184', 'confidence': 0.9130419492721558}, {'entity': 'associated with', 'concept_id': 'C0332281', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'psammoma bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0391863', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'calcified rounded bodies', 'concept_id': 'C0175895', 'confidence': 0.645065188407898}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_986", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1005499", "caption": "Possible presence of germ cell tumors, including malignant or immature teratoma.", "image_path": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "roi_text": "['Immature teratoma with premature cells invading ovarian stroma', 'Choriocarcinoma of the ovary']", "noisy_text": " germ cell tumors. You may find malignant teratoma or immature teratoma. Immature teratoma is commonly seen in case of the males. In females the most common teratoma is mature cystic teratoma that is benign tumor. This is immature teratoma, immature teratoma in which you see the premature cells, the neuronal cells and these are invading the stroma, the ovarian stroma. So these contain premature elements. Next is the choriocarcinoma of the ovary that is called non-gestational choriocarcinoma and it secretes human chorionic gonadotropin. It may be", "corrected_text": " germ cell tumors. You may find malignant teratoma or immature teratoma. Immature teratoma is commonly seen in case of the males. In females the most common teratoma is mature cystic teratoma that is benign tumor. This is immature teratoma, immature teratoma in which you see the premature cells, the neuronal cells and these are invading the stroma, the ovarian stroma. So these contain premature elements. Next is the choriocarcinoma of the ovary that is called non-gestational choriocarcinoma and it secretes human chorionic gonadotropin. It may be", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'germ cell tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0205851', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignant', 'concept_id': 'C0205282', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immature', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Immature teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0334520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'males', 'concept_id': 'C0086582', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'mature', 'concept_id': 'C0205286', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cystic teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0011649', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'females', 'concept_id': 'C0086287', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'immature', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'teratoma', 'concept_id': 'C0039538', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'premature cells', 'concept_id': 'C0205252', 'confidence': 0.7552258372306824}, {'entity': 'neuronal cells', 'concept_id': 'C0027882', 'confidence': 0.7867127656936646}, {'entity': 'invade', 'concept_id': 'C1517574', 'confidence': 0.857607364654541}, {'entity': 'ovarian stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0227896', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Choriocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0008497', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'ovary', 'concept_id': 'C0029939', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-gestational choriocarcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C1135873', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'secretes', 'concept_id': 'C1327616', 'confidence': 0.8702053427696228}, {'entity': 'human', 'concept_id': 'C0086418', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "960.0", "id": "test_987", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006020", "caption": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_784fb44f-bfa3-44d3-811f-518068d88be6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis', 'Eosinophilic cells with squamous morphology', 'Fibromyxoid stroma', 'Diffuse dissection throughout the dermis']", "noisy_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamoid morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricho or even like a serendoma. A serendoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire serendoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the serendoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromucinous. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "corrected_text": " We have a diagnosis called the surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm. You have to go back and take more, another biopsy. MACs often will have a little more squamous morphology like this. Can you see those kind of eosinophilic cells? They kind of look a little bit more like squamous cells a little bit. So that favors MAC more than like a desmoplastic tricholemmoma or even like a syringoma. A syringoma usually also is obviously much smaller. You can't take a shave biopsy and get an entire syringoma out. And usually the stroma is more prominent in the syringoma. Notice that this stroma is more fibromyxoid. So this thing is kind of dissecting diffusely throughout the dermis here. I don't see", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'surface', 'concept_id': 'C0205148', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sclerosing', 'concept_id': 'C0036426', 'confidence': 0.833010733127594}, {'entity': 'epithelial neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C1368683', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0005558', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'Comparison', 'concept_id': 'C1707455', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'squamous', 'concept_id': 'C1182670', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'morphology', 'concept_id': 'C0332437', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'MAC', 'concept_id': 'C0009545', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'desmoplastic tricholemmoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275206', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'syringoma', 'concept_id': 'C0206673', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid', 'concept_id': 'C0205766', 'confidence': 0.8987292051315308}, {'entity': 'stroma', 'concept_id': 'C0927195', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diffuse dissection', 'concept_id': 'C0205219', 'confidence': 0.7718934416770935}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_988", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1004803", "caption": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation', 'sebaceoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation']", "noisy_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "corrected_text": " I think we've called it sebaceous epithelium, but again I'm not a big fan of that term. And these look usually like this. They're usually small, round, skin-colored leaves. They kind of look like sebaceous epithelium. They usually come in as real-life basins, so nobody diagnoses these clinically correctly. So these are items in the differential diagnosis. Basal cell with sebaceous differentiation, if you're going to make that diagnosis, it generally needs to look like a basal cell with nice clefting and put the palisade in there and all that, and then have foci where there's obvious sebaceous differentiation. You'll see that on occasion. But I would probably call this sebaceoma, without thinking it's sort of synonymous with sebaceous epithelium. Now, is there any condition you have to worry about with these? With any", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'sebaceoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Sebaceomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275210', 'confidence': 0.8855459690093994}, {'entity': 'small', 'concept_id': 'C0700321', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'round', 'concept_id': 'C0332490', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'skin-colored', 'concept_id': 'C4476819', 'confidence': 0.8005288243293762}], [{'entity': 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'concept_id': 'C0007117', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'clefting', 'concept_id': 'C4021813', 'confidence': 0.8906428217887878}, {'entity': 'palisading', 'concept_id': 'C1622240', 'confidence': 0.8684062361717224}, {'entity': 'sebaceous differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C1882988', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'conditions', 'concept_id': 'C0012634', 'confidence': 0.8556983470916748}, {'entity': 'concern', 'concept_id': 'C2699424', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_989", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008445", "caption": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth', 'Deep soft tissue', 'Perineurioma', 'Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Swirling growth']", "noisy_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "corrected_text": " involves the deep soft tissue. So that's another easy way of that plus CD34. Perineurioma is more of a difficult problem because perineurioma has a lot of overlap histologically with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and also immunohistochemically. On immunostains, EMA, Clodin-1 and Glut-1 are three immunostains that will usually stain perineuriomas. The problem is that low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express at least focal EMA, so that's a problem and additionally, the examples of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that have dramatic swirling and whirling growth, those are the ones that have a perineurioma like pattern, the ones that mimic perineurioma. They also often or almost always express Clodin-1 at least according to some studies. So that's a real pitfall that it looks like a perineurioma, it stains like perineurioma, Glut-1 at least to my knowledge is usually negative but I think I've seen one case report that reported positive staining for Glut in a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. So not usual but in any case, with that differential, what you have to do here is do some ancillary testing. The", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'CD34', 'concept_id': 'C0054953', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'deep soft tissue tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0037579', 'confidence': 0.8622524738311768}], [{'entity': 'Perineurioma', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8688398599624634}, {'entity': 'histologically', 'concept_id': 'C0205462', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemistry', 'concept_id': 'C0021044', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}], [{'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}, {'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'immunohistochemical stains', 'concept_id': 'C4317108', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'diagnose', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibrosarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C0016057', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'EMA', 'concept_id': 'C0268596', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'swirling', 'concept_id': 'C0233591', 'confidence': 0.7064549922943115}, {'entity': 'growth', 'concept_id': 'C0018270', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'express', 'concept_id': 'C0017262', 'confidence': 0.8176293969154358}, {'entity': 'Clodin-1', 'concept_id': 'C3496132', 'confidence': 0.5473200082778931}], [{'entity': 'Glut-1', 'concept_id': 'C1504631', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'negative', 'concept_id': 'C0205160', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'perineuriomas', 'concept_id': 'C0751691', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'positive', 'concept_id': 'C1446409', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'staining', 'concept_id': 'C0487602', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'fibromyxoid sarcomas', 'concept_id': 'C1275282', 'confidence': 0.8123146891593933}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_990", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1006301", "caption": "Presence of hemosiderin and lipid-laden cells in a cellular dermatofibroma with lipid accumulation.", "image_path": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2a63f541-31ba-4776-91c6-846c7a4b6c86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['Areas with hemosiderin', 'Areas with foamy appearance', 'Lipid-laden cells in cellular dermatofibroma']", "noisy_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipidized. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipidization. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "corrected_text": " Like there are areas where there was hemosiderin. It's kind of hard to see from here, but I found some areas where there was hemosiderin, but some areas that were also a little foamy. Yeah, I'd say a little bit foamy. Scale of one to ten, that's probably about a ten with regard to foaming. So yeah, they're very lipid-laden. So this would be like a cellular dermatofibroma with lipid accumulation. There's another type of dermatofibroma where you can see large atypical cells, or dermatofibroma with monster cells. Those can simulate cancer. This one didn't really have as many of those kinds of cells. Yeah, so", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hemosiderin', 'concept_id': 'C0019113', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'lipid-laden cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.5060436129570007}, {'entity': 'cellular dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 0.833601713180542}, {'entity': 'lipid accumulation', 'concept_id': 'C0333574', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermatofibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0002991', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypical cells', 'concept_id': 'C0333865', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'monster cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.7091032862663269}, {'entity': 'simulate', 'concept_id': 'C0284447', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'cancer', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_991", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008470", "caption": "Prior therapy, such as radiation or androgen deprivation therapy, can affect the appearance of the glands.", "image_path": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_283e3876-761a-4b0a-aff5-50ea1dcea3b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['prostate glands', 'atrophy']", "noisy_text": " are not that prominent. You see some prominent nuclei in some of the glands. But some other glands just look very bland. And it's almost like the case is sending mixed messages. In some areas, you see prominent nuclei. In some other areas, you don't see prominent nuclei. It looks very atrophic. And this obviously makes people very nervous when you see a lot of atrophy. The other issue is you could wonder, or you could ask, did this patient get any prior therapy? That's something else you want to know. Did this patient get prior radiation therapy? Did this patient get prior androgen deprivation therapy? In this baccalaureate case, the answer is no. The patient didn't get any prior therapy. So what do we do with these glands? They don't look like your typical prostate cancer. They look too atrophic. And they have", "corrected_text": " are not that prominent. You see some prominent nuclei in some of the glands. But some other glands just look very bland. And it's almost like the case is sending mixed messages. In some areas, you see prominent nuclei. In some other areas, you don't see prominent nuclei. It looks very atrophic. And this obviously makes people very nervous when you see a lot of atrophy. The other issue is you could wonder, or you could ask, did this patient get any prior therapy? That's something else you want to know. Did this patient get prior radiation therapy? Did this patient get prior androgen deprivation therapy? In this baccalaureate case, the answer is no. The patient didn't get any prior therapy. So what do we do with these glands? They don't look like your typical prostate cancer. They look too atrophic. And they have", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'prostate glands', 'concept_id': 'C0033572', 'confidence': 0.8152219653129578}, {'entity': 'messages', 'concept_id': 'C0470166', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cell nuclei', 'concept_id': 'C0007610', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bland', 'concept_id': 'C0227475', 'confidence': 0.7435316443443298}, {'entity': 'atrophic', 'concept_id': 'C0151514', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Presence', 'concept_id': 'C0150312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atrophy', 'concept_id': 'C0333641', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'radiation', 'concept_id': 'C0034519', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'androgen deprivation therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0279492', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'glands', 'concept_id': 'C1285092', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'patient', 'concept_id': 'C0030705', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'therapy', 'concept_id': 'C0039798', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_992", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1008591", "caption": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis', 'lamina propria edema', 'muscularis mucosa', 'neutrophils', 'eosinophils', 'stomach', 'esophagus', 'enteritis', 'colitis']", "noisy_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the anterobiopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic entritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "corrected_text": " Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria. These are the three criterias. When you see it in the antral biopsy, think of chemical gastritis that can be seen in biliary reflux or NSAID use. Lot of inflammation results. Remember I told you if you see more than five neutrophils, more than five eosinophils sitting in the lamina propria or more than 15 or more eosinophils per high power field, that is a eosinophilic gastritis, if it is from the stomach. If it is esophagus, it is eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis. So eosinophilic", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Lamina propria edema', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 0.7593827247619629}, {'entity': 'muscularis mucosa', 'concept_id': 'C0225357', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'lamina propria', 'concept_id': 'C1179187', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'criteria', 'concept_id': 'C0243161', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Inflammation', 'concept_id': 'C0021368', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'chemical gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C2830012', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic gastritis', 'concept_id': 'C0267154', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnosed', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophils', 'concept_id': 'C0014467', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stomach', 'concept_id': 'C0038351', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'concept_id': 'C0341106', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic enteritis', 'concept_id': 'C1262481', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic colitis', 'concept_id': 'C0267448', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'diagnoses', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "1.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_993", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007742", "caption": "Likely neoplastic process with eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis.", "image_path": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bf63745-dc8d-43a8-87e1-603213f9e035.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "roi_text": "['neoplasm', 'dermis', 'eosinophilic ball cells', 'malignant', 'benign', 'necrosis']", "noisy_text": " OK, let's give this one a go. Yeah, I can do this one. So looks like we have a, I mean, I'm thinking this is probably malignant. Oh, sorry, it's not inflammatory. It's some proliferation of cells here. And this is likely, it's a eosinophilic, well-encapsulated. So you think it's a neoplasm? Yeah, it's a neoplastic process that it's, yeah. So I'm seeing eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis. I don't think that I can say much more at this point. You can, you can. So do you think it's epithelial or non-epithelial? It's probably not epithelial. Good, good, good. And you know, at low power, that's fine. You can say probably this, because you're going to confirm it when you go to higher magnitudes. That's perfectly fine. At low power, sometimes you can make an instant diagnosis. If you see molluscum bodies at low power, you just move on to the next case. Or you see herpes varus, you're gone, you're finished. You don't have to waste time on it anymore. But if it's something like this, you say, well, yeah, it looks like it's probably non-epithelial. Sometimes you can get spindle-shaped cells in an epithelial neoplasm, like a squamous cell, spindle cell, squamous cell. So we're not sure, but you're right. At low power, it seems like it's probably going to be non-epithelial. Certainly doesn't look like any typical epithelial structure. And it's interesting. You said it looks kind of well-circumscribed. I agree. But it's got a, this is a pretty low power view, and it's a pretty big specimen. So it's large, and it's kind of bottom-heavy. So you said at low power, you thought it was malignant. So why did you say malignant? Sorry, I meant neoplastic. I don't think, I mean, it looks very well-capsulated, and it looks like it's probably completely removed. So I actually, I favor benign, but it might be benign. Yeah, I agree, it could be benign. But it does have a couple of features a little bit weird. It's bottom-heavy, which that kind of makes you say, well, you be careful, because bottom-heavy neoplasm can sometimes be malignant, even though they kind of look well-circumscribed. It's a little bit asymmetrical. We draw a line down the middle of it. I mean, this little piece over here is kind of sticking out versus over here. So it may be benign, because it seems to be well-circumscribed, but it's got a couple of criteria that we wonder at low power. Maybe we're going to make sure that it's not malignant. This may even be some necrosis on moss in here, which is another feature of malignant. So we're going to have magnification. Let's see what", "corrected_text": " OK, let's give this one a go. Yeah, I can do this one. So looks like we have a, I mean, I'm thinking this is probably malignant. Oh, sorry, it's not inflammatory. It's some proliferation of cells here. And this is likely, it's a eosinophilic, well-encapsulated. So you think it's a neoplasm? Yeah, it's a neoplastic process that it's, yeah. So I'm seeing eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis. I don't think that I can say much more at this point. You can, you can. So do you think it's epithelial or non-epithelial? It's probably not epithelial. Good, good, good. And you know, at low power, that's fine. You can say probably this, because you're going to confirm it when you go to higher magnitudes. That's perfectly fine. At low power, sometimes you can make an instant diagnosis. If you see molluscum bodies at low power, you just move on to the next case. Or you see herpes varus, you're gone, you're finished. You don't have to waste time on it anymore. But if it's something like this, you say, well, yeah, it looks like it's probably non-epithelial. Sometimes you can get spindle-shaped cells in an epithelial neoplasm, like a squamous cell, spindle cell, squamous cell. So we're not sure, but you're right. At low power, it seems like it's probably going to be non-epithelial. Certainly doesn't look like any typical epithelial structure. And it's interesting. You said it looks kind of well-circumscribed. I agree. But it's got a, this is a pretty low power view, and it's a pretty big specimen. So it's large, and it's kind of bottombulky. So you said at low power, you thought it was malignant. So why did you say malignant? Sorry, I meant neoplastic. I don't think, I mean, it looks very well-capsulated, and it looks like it's probably completely removed. So I actually, I favor benign, but it might be benign. Yeah, I agree, it could be benign. But it does have a couple of features a little bit weird. It's bottombulky, which that kind of makes you say, well, you be careful, because bottombulky neoplasm can sometimes be malignant, even though they kind of look well-circumscribed. It's a little bit asymmetrical. We draw a line down the middle of it. I mean, this little piece over here is kind of sticking out versus over here. So it may be benign, because it seems to be well-circumscribed, but it's got a couple of criteria that we wonder at low power. Maybe we're going to make sure that it's not malignant. This may even be some necrosis on moss in here, which is another feature of malignant. So we're going to have magnification. Let's see what", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'neoplastic process', 'concept_id': 'C0027671', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'eosinophilic ball cells', 'concept_id': 'C0682547', 'confidence': 0.8429232835769653}, {'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Uncertain', 'concept_id': 'C0087130', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'neoplasm', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0221908', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'non-epithelial', 'concept_id': 'C0809966', 'confidence': 0.7444443106651306}], [{'entity': 'Specimen', 'concept_id': 'C0370003', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'well-circumscribed', 'concept_id': 'C1707398', 'confidence': 0.9430561065673828}, {'entity': 'features', 'concept_id': 'C1521970', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'suspicion', 'concept_id': 'C0242114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'malignancy', 'concept_id': 'C0006826', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'bottombulky', 'concept_id': 'C1511276', 'confidence': 0.5303326845169067}, {'entity': 'asymmetrical', 'concept_id': 'C0332514', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'magnification', 'concept_id': 'C5197828', 'confidence': 0.9129886031150818}, {'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_994", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1007061", "caption": "The lesion described could be a fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Acquired digital fibromas are angiofibromas involving distal extremities. Diagnosis in this case is rudimentary supernumerary digit.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_185dfddb-aa46-4460-b27f-05e4a2580681.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " fibroma or an acquired digital fibrocarotoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an acral surface. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trisected shade biopsy specimen and if we zoom in and study this lesion on low power we can see that the epidermis is hyperplastic characterized by", "corrected_text": " fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma and if we had this lesion with the same configuration but wiped out or subtracted out the nerve fascicles we would have an acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibromas are nothing more than angiofibromas involving an distal extremities. So in this particular instance, diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit. Moving on to slide number seven, slide number seven we have a trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen and if we zoom in and study this lesion on low power we can see that the epidermis is hyperplastic characterized by", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'lesion', 'concept_id': 'C0221198', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'fibroma', 'concept_id': 'C0016045', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acquired', 'concept_id': 'C0439661', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Acquired digital fibromas', 'concept_id': 'C0346045', 'confidence': 0.9422788023948669}, {'entity': 'angiofibromas', 'concept_id': 'C0206731', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'distal extremities', 'concept_id': 'C0015385', 'confidence': 0.852354884147644}, {'entity': 'Diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'case', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'rudimentary supernumerary digit', 'concept_id': 'C0152427', 'confidence': 0.8142021894454956}], [{'entity': 'Histopathological', 'concept_id': 'C0677043', 'confidence': 0.9437630772590637}, {'entity': 'description', 'concept_id': 'C0678257', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'trichilemmal cyst', 'concept_id': 'C2266788', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C4748317', 'confidence': 0.7633129358291626}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_995", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1009462", "caption": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described.", "image_path": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_28c0e68e-a4f7-48da-9edb-09482f347963.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "[]", "noisy_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "corrected_text": " Now I've been telling you and highlighting how important it is to know that these tumors don't have atypia. Now again that's another rule that's sometimes broken I think it's important to learn that the most common the most common appearance is a benign looking tumor that doesn't look atypical that's important because I think that's the one those are the ones that are easy to miss but it is worth noting that a subset a small subset maybe around 10% of cases can have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance. There have also been rare reports of cases that truly have a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma like appearance like that they've transitioned into high-grade sarcoma or I think even osteosarcomatous areas have been described have been described. These are all really rare exceptions to the rule but I and I think it's again much more important for the general pathologists to know that this very bland benign looking appearance because this", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'tumors', 'concept_id': 'C0027651', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'benign', 'concept_id': 'C0205183', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'atypia', 'concept_id': 'C0741302', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}], [{'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'increased', 'concept_id': 'C0205217', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cellularity', 'concept_id': 'C0178539', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'scattered', 'concept_id': 'C0439742', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'pleomorphism', 'concept_id': 'C0032219', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'round cell', 'concept_id': 'C0487470', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'epithelioid cell', 'concept_id': 'C0014603', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Rare', 'concept_id': 'C0521114', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'reports', 'concept_id': 'C0684224', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cases', 'concept_id': 'C0868928', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1512433', 'confidence': 0.9347730875015259}, {'entity': 'pleomorphic', 'concept_id': 'C1514164', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'appearance', 'concept_id': 'C0233426', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'osteosarcomatous areas', 'concept_id': 'C0279602', 'confidence': 0.7822340130805969}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "1080.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_996", "caption_rating": "8" }, { "": "1009464", "caption": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d83c895f-5036-45e0-aeac-e8e88adc4f94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['acidic intestinal mucin taking Asian blue color', 'colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.', 'acidic intestinal mucin taking Asian blue color', 'colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present.']", "noisy_text": " the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the gastric mucin is taking the neutral mucin, pink color, PAS. Asian blue stains the acidic intestinal mucin into blue. That is very essential to remember. Here, what is happening? This is a colonic biopsy. You see the normal epithelium, single strand, single epithelium, lot of mucin. Looks normal now, normal. When you travel all along, what's happening here? You see the difference between this and this. Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here,", "corrected_text": " the acidic mucin is taking the asian blue color, whereas the gastric mucin is taking the neutral mucin, pink color, PAS. Asian blue stains the acidic intestinal mucin into blue. That is very essential to remember. Here, what is happening? This is a colonic biopsy. You see the normal epithelium, single strand, single epithelium, lot of mucin. Looks normal now, normal. When you travel all along, what's happening here? You see the difference between this and this. Here, single layer of cells, mucin is present, whereas here,", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Differentiation', 'concept_id': 'C0007589', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'acidic', 'concept_id': 'C0001128', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'gastric mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0017135', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'Asian blue', 'concept_id': 'C1197245', 'confidence': 0.8144476413726807}, {'entity': 'pink color', 'concept_id': 'C0332585', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'PAS', 'concept_id': 'C0030125', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stains', 'concept_id': 'C0038128', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Colonic biopsy', 'concept_id': 'C0192867', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'cells', 'concept_id': 'C0007584', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}, {'entity': 'mucin', 'concept_id': 'C0026682', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_997", "caption_rating": "9" }, { "": "1006672", "caption": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture.", "image_path": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fac10052-2d43-4ed1-83bb-3a07863f42c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "roi_text": "['Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation', 'Stroma running in between', 'Crowded appearance', 'Back-to-back glands', 'Cribriform appearance', 'Intraglandular epithelial proliferation']", "noisy_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "corrected_text": " you can see some stroma running in between. However, it may be crowded. See here, one gland, another gland. You can see the nice stroma in between. These are back-to-back glands. But see here, this is one gland, this is one gland, this is one gland. But no stroma in between. So these are cribriform, which is intraglandular. Epithelial proliferation is happening within the gland, which is a future of high-grade dysplasia. So normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia in one picture. Thanks to Google. I don't know the source, but I thank the person, anonymous person. So those are", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'Intraglandular', 'concept_id': 'C4725341', 'confidence': 0.9096097350120544}, {'entity': 'epithelial proliferation', 'concept_id': 'C0334097', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}], [{'entity': 'Normal epithelium', 'concept_id': 'C0014609', 'confidence': 0.8199569582939148}, {'entity': 'low-grade', 'concept_id': 'C1518005', 'confidence': 0.9270920157432556}, {'entity': 'dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C0334044', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'high-grade dysplasia', 'concept_id': 'C1333110', 'confidence': 0.8831341862678528}, {'entity': 'picture', 'concept_id': 'C0441468', 'confidence': 1.0}]]", "magnification": "2.0", "height": "720.0", "width": "1280.0", "id": "test_998", "caption_rating": "7" }, { "": "1007060", "caption": "The epidermis is hyperplastic and papillary, with altered quantified layer and some compact ortho and parakeratosis.", "image_path": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_35e1e06c-3636-48f5-a522-44a08f05a70d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "val", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "roi_text": "['hyperplastic epidermis', 'papillary epidermis', 'compact ortho', 'parakeratosis', 'patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes', 'discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis', 'dyskeratotic cells', 'verruciform xanthoma']", "noisy_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of pericaratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of pericaratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'll remember we tend to get these vertical", "corrected_text": " that the epidermis is hyperplastic and gently papillated. The quantified layer is altered somewhat. We got some compact ortho and probably a little bit of parakeratosis here are to tell at this power. The underlying dermis contains a patchy perivascular infiltrative lymphocytes and if we move to higher power, we can confirm these findings. Lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia. There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis. One of the things when one sees these these columns of bright pink pericaratosis that one might think about would be a verruciform xanthoma because you'remember we tend to get these vertical", "med_umls_ids": "[[{'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'hyperplastic', 'concept_id': 'C0020507', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'papillary', 'concept_id': 'C0205312', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'quantified', 'concept_id': 'C1709793', 'confidence': 0.6807526350021362}, {'entity': 'layer', 'concept_id': 'C0934502', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'compact ortho', 'concept_id': 'C1333134', 'confidence': 0.7191344499588013}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'dermis', 'concept_id': 'C0011646', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'perivascular', 'concept_id': 'C0442165', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'Discrete columns', 'concept_id': 'C0227428', 'confidence': 0.6879350543022156}, {'entity': 'mounds', 'concept_id': 'C2717795', 'confidence': 0.736616313457489}, {'entity': 'parakeratosis', 'concept_id': 'C0030436', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'stratum corneum', 'concept_id': 'C0221921', 'confidence': 1.0}, {'entity': 'dyskeratotic cells', 'concept_id': 'C1512098', 'confidence': 0.8970272541046143}, {'entity': 'epidermis', 'concept_id': 'C0014520', 'confidence': 1.0}], [{'entity': 'diagnosis', 'concept_id': 'C0011900', 'confidence': 0.9999998807907104}, {'entity': 'verruciform xanthoma', 'concept_id': 'C0346054', 'confidence': 0.9999999403953552}]]", "magnification": "0.0", "height": "758.0", "width": "1920.0", "id": "test_999", "caption_rating": "8" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/test/vqa/harvard_test.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08003.jpg", "report": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2, "question": "Is the patient undergoing treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "The summary does not provide this information.", "image": "slo_fundus_08003.jpg", "report": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3, "question": "Has the patient had any surgeries to treat glaucoma?\n", "answer": "The summary does not provide this information.", "image": "slo_fundus_08003.jpg", "report": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma diagnosis recent?\n", "answer": "The summary does not provide this information.", "image": "slo_fundus_08003.jpg", "report": "86-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 5, "question": "Has erythromycin ophthalmic ointment been prescribed for the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc."} {"question_id": 6, "question": "Is the patient currently being referred to ophthalmology?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc."} {"question_id": 7, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc."} {"question_id": 8, "question": "Does the patient have a goiter as a coexisting condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc."} {"question_id": 9, "question": "Is rheumatoid arthritis one of the patient's other conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08008.jpg", "report": "The clinical note prescribes erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for the patient's right eye. The patient is referred to ophthalmology. No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include goiter, rheumatoid arthritis, etc."} {"question_id": 10, "question": "Does the patient exhibit thinning of the temporal nerve fiber layer in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 11, "question": "Does the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) 24-2 test indicate corresponding inferior visual field defects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 12, "question": "Are there noted risk factors for glaucoma in this patient's case?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 13, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with borderline diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 14, "question": "Does the patient suffer from chronic anemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 15, "question": "Is there a family history of macular degeneration for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08009.jpg", "report": "Patient displays thin temporal os and hvf 24-2 shows corresponding inferior defects. Risk factors for glaucoma noted. Patient also has borderline diabetes, chronic anemia and a family history of macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 16, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 17, "question": "Is there a pinguecula present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 18, "question": "Does the patient exhibit optic disc cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 19, "question": "Are there nonspecific defects in the patient's visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 20, "question": "Is there thinning in the superior sector of the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 21, "question": "Is there thinning in the temporal sector of the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 22, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08010.jpg", "report": "The 44-year-old patient has dry eye, pinguecula, and optic disc cupping. There are nonspecific defects in their visual field, and thinning in the superior and temporal sectors of the eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 23, "question": "Is the patient dissatisfied with the visual outcome after glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 24, "question": "Did the patient have severe glaucoma prior to the surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 25, "question": "Was there a misunderstanding in the pre-surgery conversations regarding the expected outcomes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 26, "question": "Has the patient sought a second opinion regarding their post-surgery visual improvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 27, "question": "Despite seeking a second opinion, has the patient decided to continue care with the original provider?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 28, "question": "Are there upcoming appointments for the patient concerning eyelid care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 29, "question": "Does the patient have a scheduled appointment for cornea care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 30, "question": "Is the patient also scheduled for low-vision care services?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08013.jpg", "report": "Patient unhappy with post-surgery visual improvement due to severe glaucoma. Misunderstood pre-surgery conversations. Sought second opinion but decided to continue with current provider. Upcoming appointments scheduled for eyelid, cornea and low-vision care."} {"question_id": 31, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 32, "question": "Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 33, "question": "Does the patient have a sulfa allergy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 34, "question": "Has the patient experienced ocular trauma in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 35, "question": "Does the patient have early-stage cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 36, "question": "Is the patient currently receiving treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08016.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 65-year-old female, is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma, presenting no family history. She also has sulfa allergy, a history of trauma, and early cataracts. For now, no glaucoma treatment is planned."} {"question_id": 37, "question": "Is the patient currently using brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08019.jpg", "report": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns."} {"question_id": 38, "question": "Is the patient prescribed to use prednisolone for the right eye once a day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08019.jpg", "report": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns."} {"question_id": 39, "question": "Has the patient been advised to avoid rubbing the operated eye for 4 weeks?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08019.jpg", "report": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns."} {"question_id": 40, "question": "Should the patient contact the glaucoma department if they have any concerns?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08019.jpg", "report": "Patient is on brimonidine/alphagan for the left eye 2x/day & prednisolone for the right eye 1x/day. Advised not to rub operated eye for 4 weeks. Urged to contact the glaucoma department for any concerns."} {"question_id": 41, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08021.jpg", "report": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes."} {"question_id": 42, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with amblyopia in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08021.jpg", "report": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes."} {"question_id": 43, "question": "Does the patient have lattice degeneration in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08021.jpg", "report": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes."} {"question_id": 44, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract extraction in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08021.jpg", "report": "The patient, formerly of Pasquale, has primary open angle glaucoma and amblyopia in the left eye. Other issues include lattice in both eyes and a history of cataract extraction in both eyes."} {"question_id": 45, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with low tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 46, "question": "Was there any thinning observed in the right eye during the initial visit?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 47, "question": "Was focal superior thinning observed in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 48, "question": "Is the patient planned to start a new medication regimen that includes timoptic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 49, "question": "Is brimonidine part of the new medication regimen for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 50, "question": "Will the patient continue using latanoprost as part of their treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08022.jpg", "report": "Patient visited for a second opinion and was diagnosed with low tension glaucoma. Initial visit showed no thinning in the right eye, but focal superior thinning in left eye. Plans to start new medication regimen including timoptic, brimonidine and continuing latanoprost. "} {"question_id": 51, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08024.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Requested to mail clinical note to specific person and location."} {"question_id": 52, "question": "Did the patient request to mail the clinical note to a specific person and location?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08024.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Requested to mail clinical note to specific person and location."} {"question_id": 53, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to family history and ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 54, "question": "Was the patient's intraocular pressure found to be high, with readings of 29 in one eye and 32 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 55, "question": "Did the patient's father possibly have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 56, "question": "Does the patient have an incipient senile cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 57, "question": "Is the patient myopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 58, "question": "Does the patient have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 59, "question": "Is the patient presbyopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08032.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma due to family history, ocular hypertension, and high intraocular pressure (IOP: 29/32). His father possibly had glaucoma. Patient also has incipient senile cataract, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 60, "question": "Does the patient have a visually significant cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 61, "question": "Is the patient pseudophakic in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 62, "question": "Has the patient been recently diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 63, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 64, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient currently within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 65, "question": "Is there a concern about a visual field (HVF) defect in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 66, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergic conjunctivitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 67, "question": "Is there conjunctival pigment present in the patient's eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 68, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08035.jpg", "report": "76yo patient has depression, htn, breast cancer, visually significant cataract, pseudophakia os, and glaucoma (recently diagnosed, on latanoprost). No family history of glaucoma. IOP is OK but concern about hvf defect. Also has allergic conjunctivitis, and conjunctival pigment."} {"question_id": 69, "question": "Does the patient have blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 70, "question": "Has the patient experienced significant improvement with ocusoft wipes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 71, "question": "Does the patient wear multifocal contact lenses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 72, "question": "Is the patient being referred to optometry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 73, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 74, "question": "Is the increased c/d ratio the reason for the glaucoma suspicion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 75, "question": "Does the patient have normal intraocular pressure despite the glaucoma suspicion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 76, "question": "Have family history and steroid medication use been ruled out as factors for glaucoma in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 77, "question": "Do the eye scans reveal borderline changes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 78, "question": "Is there thinning observed superiorly on the eye scans?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 79, "question": "Are future visits scheduled for ongoing evaluation of the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08040.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 62-year-old female with blepharitis, who experiences significant improvement with ocusoft wipes. She wears multifocal contact lenses and is being referred to optometry. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, despite normal intraocular pressure. Other factors like family history or steroid medication use are ruled out. Eye scans reveal borderline changes and thinning superiorly. Future visits are scheduled for ongoing evaluation."} {"question_id": 80, "question": "Does the patient show signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 81, "question": "Does the patient have a history of amblyopia in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 82, "question": "Is there any indication of HIV retinopathy in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 83, "question": "Is there marked cupping observed in the right eye greater than the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 84, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure highly elevated in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 85, "question": "Is there retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 86, "question": "Are the results of the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08047.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of glaucoma. Hx of amblyopia in left eye. No HIV retinopathy. Marked cupping OD>OS. Intraocular pressure highly elevated. RNFL thinning OD. Normal HVF."} {"question_id": 87, "question": "Does the patient have presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit."} {"question_id": 88, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit."} {"question_id": 89, "question": "Is the patient currently undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit."} {"question_id": 90, "question": "Has the patient recently undergone a phaco/xen gel stent procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit."} {"question_id": 91, "question": "Is there a possibility of continuing with a phaco/xen procedure in the next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08050.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and glaucoma. Undergoing treatment to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent procedures include phaco/xen gel stent. Plans to possibly continue with phaco/xen procedure on next visit."} {"question_id": 92, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure currently measured at 16 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 93, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure previously been recorded at higher values such as 26/23?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 94, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 95, "question": "Is the cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio 0.5 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 96, "question": "Were the angles found to be open on gonioscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 97, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08054.jpg", "report": "Patient, 68, with GERD, hypertension, intraocular pressure is 16/16, previously was 18/17, 26/23, max of 26/23. Patient has ocular hypertension. C/D ratio is 0.5/0.5, open on gonioscopy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 98, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check."} {"question_id": 99, "question": "Is the patient considering surgery options for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check."} {"question_id": 100, "question": "Has the patient experienced severe irritation from the current medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check."} {"question_id": 101, "question": "Did the patient undergo a phaco/trab mmc os procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check."} {"question_id": 102, "question": "Is a follow-up planned specifically for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08055.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is considering different types of surgery. Due to the severe irritation caused by current medication, they proceeded with phaco/trab mmc os. Follow-up planned for IOP check."} {"question_id": 103, "question": "Is a visual field test scheduled to be performed on the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08056.jpg", "report": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 104, "question": "Is lid taping going to be used during the visual field test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08056.jpg", "report": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 105, "question": "Are monocular precautions to be observed during the visual field test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08056.jpg", "report": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 106, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in relation to the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08056.jpg", "report": "Visual field test is to be performed on the left eye with lid taping, following monocular precautions. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 107, "question": "Does the patient have a suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 108, "question": "Is the myelinated nerve fiber layer nearly circumferential upon examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 109, "question": "Is the patient experiencing an enlarging blind spot?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 110, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 111, "question": "Was the patient advised to bring records to the next appointment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08057.jpg", "report": "Patient has suspected myelinated nerve fiber layer od, near circumferential on exam. Experiencing enlarging blind spot; advised to bring records to next appointment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 112, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes."} {"question_id": 113, "question": "Is the patient currently using Timolol/Brimonidine combination drops once a night in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes."} {"question_id": 114, "question": "Is Dorzolamide being administered three times a day in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes."} {"question_id": 115, "question": "Is Netarsudil part of the patient's medication regimen, applied once nightly in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes."} {"question_id": 116, "question": "Are artificial tears being used by the patient as needed for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08058.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is taking multiple medications: Timolol/Brimonidine 1x/night in both eyes, Dorzolamide 3x/day in right eye, Netarsudil 1x/night in right eye, and artificial tears as needed in both eyes."} {"question_id": 117, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 118, "question": "Is blepharitis present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 119, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 120, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts that are not visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 121, "question": "Is there a refractive error identified in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 122, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 123, "question": "Is the current approach to the patient's eye condition to monitor the symptoms for now?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08066.jpg", "report": "69 y.o. male has dry eyes, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, cataracts (not visually significant), refractive error. No glaucoma detected. Monitoring for now."} {"question_id": 124, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 125, "question": "Is myopia a risk factor for the patient's glaucoma suspicion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 126, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure within the normal range for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 127, "question": "Does the patient show signs of a possible mild corneal arcus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 128, "question": "Has the patient been given a new prescription that includes correction for myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 129, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 130, "question": "Does the patient have borderline high cholesterol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08068.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect, with myopia being a risk factor. Intraocular pressure is within normal range, with possible mild corneal arcus. New prescription for myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia given. The patient also has cataracts and borderline high cholesterol."} {"question_id": 131, "question": "Is the patient seeking a second opinion for eye issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 132, "question": "Are the goals of the patient to reduce intraocular pressure in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 133, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in this patient due to elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 134, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with Zioptan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 135, "question": "Is PERSON medication part of the patient's current treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 136, "question": "Has the patient undergone a Xen Gel Stent procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08073.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion for eye issues. Goals include reducing intraocular pressure in both eyes. Glaucoma suspected due to elevated intraocular pressure. Current treatment includes Zioptan and PERSON medication and Xen Gel Stent procedure."} {"question_id": 137, "question": "Does the patient show signs of cupping that may suggest glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery."} {"question_id": 138, "question": "Does the patient have myopic astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery."} {"question_id": 139, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery."} {"question_id": 140, "question": "Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery."} {"question_id": 141, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to undergo surgery for silent sinus syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08075.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to cupping, has myopic astigmatism, Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, and scheduled for silent sinus syndrome surgery."} {"question_id": 142, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 143, "question": "Is the patient considered to have a low risk for developing glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 144, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 145, "question": "Has the patient been using steroids for a long term?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 146, "question": "Does the patient have any history of eye trauma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 147, "question": "Has the patient undergone any eye procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 148, "question": "Was the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured at 23 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 149, "question": "Has the patient reported any issues or allergies with glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 150, "question": "Has the patient been advised to follow up for the suspected condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08077.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for suspected open angle glaucoma with low risk in both eyes. Risk factors include family history of glaucoma (mother) and long-term steroid use. No history of eye trauma or other eye procedures. Undergone IOP tonometry with pressure 23 both eyes. No glaucoma medication issues or allergies. Advised follow up."} {"question_id": 151, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08078.jpg", "report": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 152, "question": "Is there a mild cataract present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08078.jpg", "report": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 153, "question": "Is the cupping observed in both eyes non-glaucomatous?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08078.jpg", "report": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 154, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a yearly follow-up?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08078.jpg", "report": "Patient has PVD in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and normal, non-glaucomatous cupping in both eyes. Yearly follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 155, "question": "Has Madeline undergone glaucoma surgery in her left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 156, "question": "Does Madeline have open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 157, "question": "Is Madeline diagnosed with pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 158, "question": "Does Madeline have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 159, "question": "Is Madeline myopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 160, "question": "Does Madeline suffer from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 161, "question": "Does Madeline have asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 162, "question": "Is Madeline showing improvement after the recent glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 163, "question": "Might further treatment be considered for Madeline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08083.jpg", "report": "Madeline recently underwent glaucoma surgery in left eye. Her conditions include open angle glaucoma in both eyes, pseudophakia, astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, and asthma. Showing improvement, but further treatment may be considered."} {"question_id": 164, "question": "Is the patient currently on medication for various conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 165, "question": "Has the patient undergone Humphrey Visual Field testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 166, "question": "Has the patient undergone OCT optic nerve testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 167, "question": "Does the patient have a condition involving varicose veins?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 168, "question": "Is hypertension one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 169, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08096.jpg", "report": "The patient is currently taking econazole, sulfacetamide sodium-sulfur, valacyclovir, and acetaminophen-codeine for various conditions. They underwent Humphrey Visual Field and OCT optic nerve tests. Conditions include varicose veins and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 170, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 171, "question": "Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 172, "question": "Has the patient undergone thyroidectomy for Graves' disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 173, "question": "Does the patient suffer from controlled hyperglycemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 174, "question": "Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 175, "question": "Does the patient experience occasional floaters?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 176, "question": "Does the patient have dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08097.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, GERD, back pain, and thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. No glaucoma mentioned but patient has controlled hyperglycemia, mild cataracts, occasional floaters, and dry eyes.\n"} {"question_id": 177, "question": "Does the patient have a history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 178, "question": "Is the diagnosis for the patient mild glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 179, "question": "Are latanoprost and timolol the medications prescribed for the patient's glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 180, "question": "Has the patient undergone glaucoma procedures on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 181, "question": "Does the assessment indicate that the patient has a thin cornea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 182, "question": "Is there progression of vision field loss noted in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 183, "question": "Was the irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 184, "question": "Is the plan to restart the patient on latanoprost and timolol for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08101.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of poor compliance with glaucoma treatments. Diagnosis: mild glaucoma. Medications: latanoprost, timolol. Glaucoma procedures performed on both eyes. Assessment: thin cornea, progression of vision field loss, irreversible nature of glaucoma discussed. Plan: restart latanoprost and timolol."} {"question_id": 185, "question": "Does the patient have a history of breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 186, "question": "Is the patient being followed up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 187, "question": "Has the patient experienced weight gain recently?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 188, "question": "Has the patient's visual status remained stable despite the weight gain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 189, "question": "Were concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 190, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08106.jpg", "report": "Patient with breast cancer history follows up for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih). Despite weight gain, visual status remains stable. Concerns over increased intracranial pressure discussed. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 191, "question": "Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 192, "question": "Has the patient had a history of stroke?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 193, "question": "Does the patient suffer from left homonymous hemianopsia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 194, "question": "Is there evidence of superior thinning in the RNFL indicative of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 195, "question": "Are cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 196, "question": "Are the present cataracts considered visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 197, "question": "Has a glaucoma consultation been advised for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08107.jpg", "report": "Patient has diabetes type 2, history of stroke with left homonymous hemianopsia. RNFL showing superior thinning indicators of glaucoma. Cataracts present but not visually significant. Glaucoma consultation advised."} {"question_id": 198, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 199, "question": "Does the patient have a history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 200, "question": "Was the cataract surgery delayed due to COVID-19?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 201, "question": "Has the patient not been using the prescribed glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 202, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08109.jpg", "report": "80 y.o. patient with cataracts and a history of glaucoma. Cataract surgery was delayed due to COVID-19. The patient hasn't been using prescribed medication, resulting in high intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 203, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of an increased cup-to-disc ratio (cdr)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error."} {"question_id": 204, "question": "Does the patient have a negative family history for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error."} {"question_id": 205, "question": "Are the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) findings normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error."} {"question_id": 206, "question": "Are there mild nonspecific changes in the visual field (HVF) of the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error."} {"question_id": 207, "question": "Is the patient currently being monitored for refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08112.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. female, suspected glaucoma due to increased cdr. Negative family history, normal OCT, mild nonspecific changes OD in HVF. Monitoring refractive error."} {"question_id": 208, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring."} {"question_id": 209, "question": "Does the patient have normal visual fields in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring."} {"question_id": 210, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure and testing results stable for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring."} {"question_id": 211, "question": "Has any treatment been initiated for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring."} {"question_id": 212, "question": "Is the patient's condition planned to be managed through monitoring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08119.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect but has normal visual fields in both eyes. Intraocular pressure and testing show stable results. No treatment initiated, planned for monitoring."} {"question_id": 213, "question": "Does the patient have a history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 214, "question": "Is there an increased cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio evident in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 215, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) currently controlled for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 216, "question": "Are there ocular scars present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 217, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 218, "question": "Is the patient currently wearing scleral lenses or has a history of wearing them?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08120.jpg", "report": "The 67 y.o. male patient has a history of glaucoma (POAG), with an increased c:d ratio and controlled IOP. He also shows ocular scars and has a history of ocular migraines and scleral lens wear."} {"question_id": 219, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08127.jpg", "report": "27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Exam as needed. Assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3."} {"question_id": 220, "question": "Is the patient required to have eye exams as needed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08127.jpg", "report": "27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Exam as needed. Assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3."} {"question_id": 221, "question": "Was the examination assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08127.jpg", "report": "27 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Exam as needed. Assisted by Huy Nguyen, PGY3."} {"question_id": 222, "question": "Is the patient currently using timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 223, "question": "Is trazodone being taken by the patient orally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 224, "question": "Has the patient been referred for visual field testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 225, "question": "Has the patient been referred for optic nerve examinations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 226, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 227, "question": "Does the patient have chronic renal impairment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 228, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hyperkalemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 229, "question": "Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's health conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 230, "question": "Does the patient have a history of gout?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 231, "question": "Is hypothyroidism a condition that the patient is dealing with?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 232, "question": "Does the patient suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 233, "question": "Is the patient hypertensive?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08132.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol 0.5% ophthalmic gel, dropped in each eye daily. They are also taking trazodone orally. The patient has been referred for visual field and optic nerve examinations. No mention of glaucoma. Other health conditions include chronic renal impairment, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout, hypothyroidism, GERD, and hypertension.\n"} {"question_id": 234, "question": "Has the patient been advised to use warm compresses for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08135.jpg", "report": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests."} {"question_id": 235, "question": "Has the patient been instructed to stop rubbing their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08135.jpg", "report": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests."} {"question_id": 236, "question": "Is there a potential referral for the patient for Anterior Basement Membrane Dystrophy (ABMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08135.jpg", "report": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests."} {"question_id": 237, "question": "Does the patient need to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08135.jpg", "report": "The patient has been advised to use warm compresses and stop eye rubbing. Potential referral for ABMD. Needs to return to the Glaucoma Clinic for further tests."} {"question_id": 238, "question": "Is the patient a suspect for narrow angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 239, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 240, "question": "Has the patient experienced episodes diagnosed as ocular migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 241, "question": "Did the patient undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 242, "question": "Has the laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) helped reduce the patient\u2019s symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 243, "question": "Is the patient\u2019s intraocular pressure currently at an acceptable level?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 244, "question": "Is the patient\u2019s visual field currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 245, "question": "Does the patient have mild posterior capsular opacification in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 246, "question": "Is a follow-up for the patient planned in 6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08136.jpg", "report": "Patient is a suspect of narrow angle glaucoma due to hereditary reasons. She previously suffered sudden vision loss and had been diagnosed with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. She's also had episodes of bright light vision, diagnosed as ocular migraines. She had laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), which reduced the symptoms. The patient's intraocular pressure is currently acceptable and her visual field is stable, but she has mild posterior capsular opacification in right eye. Follow-up planned in 6 months."} {"question_id": 247, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 248, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure above target in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 249, "question": "Was Rhopressa recommended as an additional medication for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 250, "question": "Did the patient refuse the recommended additional medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 251, "question": "Is there a new disc hemorrhage in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 252, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure been increasing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 253, "question": "Were retinal detachment precautions reviewed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08140.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, an additional medication (Rhopressa) was recommended due to new disc hemorrhage in right eye and increasing IOP, but the patient refused. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed."} {"question_id": 254, "question": "Is the patient currently using timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08141.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 255, "question": "Is the patient administering Combigan twice a day in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08141.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 256, "question": "Is the Combigan dosage for the right eye three times a day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08141.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 257, "question": "Does the treatment regimen suggest that the patient has glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08141.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking timolol/brimonidine, also known as Combigan, for both eyes 2x/day and the right eye 3x/day. This indicates the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 258, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 259, "question": "Can heavy pigment be observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 260, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 261, "question": "Has any definite damage to the optic nerve or visual field been noted in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 262, "question": "Is there a need for ongoing monitoring due to the higher PXE and intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 263, "question": "Has the patient been classified as a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08142.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, with heavy pigment and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXE). No definite damage noted. Higher PXE and intraocular pressure indicate need for monitoring. Diagnosed as glaucoma suspect."} {"question_id": 264, "question": "Does the fundus image screening indicate any signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 265, "question": "Is the patient currently experiencing any systemic symptoms such as fever or cough?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 266, "question": "Are there any signs of infection such as sore throat or nasal congestion observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 267, "question": "Does the patient screening show any loss of smell or taste?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 268, "question": "Are there any concerning ocular comorbidities noted in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08147.jpg", "report": "Patient screening shows no signs of fever, cough, breath shortness, sore throat, muscle aches, nasal congestion, or loss of smell/taste. No concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No mention of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 269, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08148.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right."} {"question_id": 270, "question": "Is there a nuclear sclerotic cataract present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08148.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right."} {"question_id": 271, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected more in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08148.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right."} {"question_id": 272, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08148.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in right eye (OD), nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract in both eyes (OU), and suspected glaucoma more in left eye (OS) than right."} {"question_id": 273, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 274, "question": "Are the patient's corneas thick?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 275, "question": "Is the patient at a high risk of developing glaucoma due to family history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 276, "question": "Does the patient have a known history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 277, "question": "Does the patient have hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 278, "question": "Is the patient diabetic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 279, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with sleep apnea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 280, "question": "Does the patient have coronary artery disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08155.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 62-year-old endoscopy nurse with various conditions including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, etc. Has ocular hypertension with thick corneas and a high risk of glaucoma due to family history."} {"question_id": 281, "question": "Does the patient have a low suspicion of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08158.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error."} {"question_id": 282, "question": "Are there significant cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08158.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error."} {"question_id": 283, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08158.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error."} {"question_id": 284, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08158.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. female with history of fibromyalgia and breast cancer. She displays low suspicion of glaucoma, no significant cataracts and dry eye syndrome. Also has refractive error."} {"question_id": 285, "question": "Does the patient have visual field defects that could be due to a right-sided homonymous hemianopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08159.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 286, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08159.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 287, "question": "Has a Brain MRI been ordered for this patient to rule out a left occipital ischemic event?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08159.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 288, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08159.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field defects potentially from a right-sided homonymous defect and Wet AMD. Brain MRI ordered to rule out left occipital ischemic event. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 289, "question": "Does the patient have a stable chronic condition of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 290, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma currently well-controlled with medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 291, "question": "Is the patient being treated with Cosopt for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 292, "question": "Is there a moderate risk of progression for the patient's glaucoma if not properly managed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 293, "question": "Has the patient been advised to continue with their current drug regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 294, "question": "Can the patient resume moderate activities such as marathon training?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08160.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic conditions, including glaucoma \u2013 evident from good Intraocular Pressure (IOP) control. Currently, on a drug regimen (Cosopt) which should continue, especially as moderate risk of progression without care. Moderate activity such as marathon training can resume."} {"question_id": 295, "question": "Does the patient have oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 296, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 297, "question": "Is the patient considering surgery for cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 298, "question": "Is there an increased cup-to-disk ratio in the patient's fundus examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 299, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 300, "question": "Is the patient's vision within normal limits on assessments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 301, "question": "Is the patient experiencing diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08162.jpg", "report": "74 yo woman with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy has cataracts, is considering surgery. Increased c/d. No family history of glaucoma. Vision within normal limits on assessments. Experiencing diplopia."} {"question_id": 302, "question": "Does the patient have uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 303, "question": "Is there angle recession present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 304, "question": "Does the right eye have a mild cataract that is not visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 305, "question": "Is there any thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 306, "question": "Was the patient intolerant to the brimonidine glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 307, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of eye diseases?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08165.jpg", "report": "The patient has uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and angle recession in left eye. Their right eye has a mild, not visually significant cataract. No thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer for either eye. They were intolerant to brimonidine glaucoma medication. No family history of eye diseases."} {"question_id": 308, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 309, "question": "Is the primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye at a moderate stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 310, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 311, "question": "Is the primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye at a mild stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 312, "question": "Does the patient also suffer from essential hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 313, "question": "Is the patient classified as class 1 obesity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 314, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08166.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye and mild stage in left eye. They also suffer from essential hypertension, class 1 obesity, uterine leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 315, "question": "Did the patient experience transient right-sided visual loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 316, "question": "Is migraine aura or a potential transient ischemic attack (TIA) suspected to be the cause of the visual loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 317, "question": "Was the patient recommended to start taking aspirin 81 mg for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 318, "question": "Did the patient refuse to start taking aspirin 81 mg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 319, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08168.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced transient r-sided visual loss on unclear date. Dr suspected migraine aura or potential TIA. Recommended starting asa 81mg. Patient refused. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 320, "question": "Is the 64-year-old female patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time."} {"question_id": 321, "question": "Is the increased cup/disc ratio a reason for the glaucoma suspicion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time."} {"question_id": 322, "question": "Have regular testing been performed on the patient in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time."} {"question_id": 323, "question": "Are the current test results nonspecific for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time."} {"question_id": 324, "question": "Is there any need for intervention at this time for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08169.jpg", "report": "64yo female is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. Regular testing in the past; current tests are nonspecific for glaucoma. No intervention needed at this time."} {"question_id": 325, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 326, "question": "Does the patient have a notably thick cornea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 327, "question": "Is there asymmetrical cupping present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 328, "question": "Is the patient's mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 329, "question": "Has any field loss been noted in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 330, "question": "Is the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) normal in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 331, "question": "Is the retinal nerve fiber layer thin in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 332, "question": "Are the retinas attached in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 333, "question": "Is there some posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 334, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 335, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 336, "question": "Does the patient have seasonal allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08172.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma with notable thick cornea & asymmetrical cupping. Mother on latanoprost for high eye pressure. No field loss noted. Normal OCT in left, thin retinal nerve fiber layer in right. Retinas are attached, some posterior vitreous detachment in left eye. The patient also has dry eyes, mild cataracts, and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 337, "question": "Did the patient experience eye trauma from a blunt force?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 338, "question": "Were the test results normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 339, "question": "Does the patient have any signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 340, "question": "Are there any retinal tears present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 341, "question": "Has the patient been informed about the symptoms of retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 342, "question": "Is there a follow-up planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08174.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of eye trauma experienced by blunt force, has normal test results with no glaucoma or retinal tears. Warned of retinal detachment symptoms. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 343, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease."} {"question_id": 344, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease."} {"question_id": 345, "question": "Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease."} {"question_id": 346, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease."} {"question_id": 347, "question": "Is arteriosclerotic heart disease one of the conditions the patient has been diagnosed with?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08175.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed an ophthalmic solution for both eyes. They have been diagnosed with glaucoma, among other conditions like hypertensive disorder, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerotic heart disease."} {"question_id": 348, "question": "Is the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition specified in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08177.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 349, "question": "Does the clinical note include specific details regarding the patient's eye health?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08177.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 350, "question": "Does the patient have moderate myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 351, "question": "Is the patient currently using bifocals?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 352, "question": "Has there been a significant change in the patient's prescription recently?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 353, "question": "Does the patient have two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevi?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 354, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressure readings borderline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 355, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure 22 in one eye and 19 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 356, "question": "Are the patient's optic nerves healthy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 357, "question": "Does the patient use drops for high intraocular pressure like her mother?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 358, "question": "Has glaucoma been confirmed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08179.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. female with moderate myopia and bifocals; no significant change in prescription; has two small, flat, non-atypical choroidal nevus; borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22/19; healthy optical nerves; mother uses drops for high IOP. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 359, "question": "Does the patient have right optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 360, "question": "Is the right optic neuropathy likely due to trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 361, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines with aura?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 362, "question": "Is the patient's intermittent vertigo possibly related to their migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 363, "question": "Are there signs of conjunctivitis in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 364, "question": "Does the patient have dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 365, "question": "Is glaucoma a condition mentioned in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08183.jpg", "report": "Patient has right optic neuropathy, likely traumatic, migraines with aura, intermittent vertigo possibly linked to migraines and disease. Shows signs of conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 366, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma-related bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08186.jpg", "report": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone."} {"question_id": 367, "question": "Was the optic neuropathy in this patient caused by leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08186.jpg", "report": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone."} {"question_id": 368, "question": "Did the patient's vision in the left eye (OS) improve after brain radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08186.jpg", "report": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone."} {"question_id": 369, "question": "Is there a recommendation in the note to taper prednisone for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08186.jpg", "report": "Patient with glaucoma experienced bilateral vision loss due to optic disc edema. Leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer caused optic neuropathy. Brain radiation therapy improved vision OS. Note recommends tapering prednisone."} {"question_id": 370, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 371, "question": "Is the increased cup/disc ratio more pronounced in the left eye compared to the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 372, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 373, "question": "Was borderline thinning observed on the patient's OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 374, "question": "Does the patient have thin corneas?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 375, "question": "Is the patient currently required to take any immediate action regarding her eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08187.jpg", "report": "61-year-old female chaplain, glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, prevailing more in left than right eye. Risk factors include family history, borderline thinning on Oct, and thin corneas. No actions needed currently."} {"question_id": 376, "question": "Does the patient have open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 377, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 378, "question": "Does the patient suffer from asymptomatic dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 379, "question": "Are both eyes affected by macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 380, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 381, "question": "Was elevated intraocular pressure noted in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 382, "question": "Has the patient shown a good response to SLT treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08188.jpg", "report": "Patient with open angle glaucoma, cataract in right eye and asymptomatic dry eye. Macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane present in both eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) noted. Good response to SLT treatment.\n"} {"question_id": 383, "question": "Does the fundus image indicate the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08193.jpg", "report": "39-year-old white non-Hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Office requests patient to schedule an appointment."} {"question_id": 384, "question": "Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08193.jpg", "report": "39-year-old white non-Hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Office requests patient to schedule an appointment."} {"question_id": 385, "question": "Is the patient required to schedule a follow-up appointment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08193.jpg", "report": "39-year-old white non-Hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Office requests patient to schedule an appointment."} {"question_id": 386, "question": "Is the patient currently taking multiple medications, including eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 387, "question": "Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 388, "question": "Is hypercholesterolemia one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 389, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergic rhinitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 390, "question": "Does the patient experience nasal congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 391, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 392, "question": "Has the patient received any immunizations recently?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08195.jpg", "report": "Patient on multiple meds including eye drops. Conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion. No glaucoma mentioned. No recent immunizations."} {"question_id": 393, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08198.jpg", "report": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved."} {"question_id": 394, "question": "Is the patient likely being monitored for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08198.jpg", "report": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved."} {"question_id": 395, "question": "Will the patient undergo ocular coherence tomography (OCT) for the RNFL/GCC layers?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08198.jpg", "report": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved."} {"question_id": 396, "question": "Has the use of tropicamide been approved for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08198.jpg", "report": "The patient is scheduled for intraocular pressure (IOP) check and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL/GCC tests, likely for glaucoma monitoring. Tropicamide usage approved."} {"question_id": 397, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 398, "question": "Is the patient at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 399, "question": "Is the patient irregular with his timolol eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 400, "question": "Does the patient have allergic conjunctivitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 401, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 402, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08202.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is possibly at a pre-perimetric glaucoma stage. He is not regular with his timolol eye drops. There's also allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 403, "question": "Does the patient have decreased peripheral vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08204.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 404, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in the pituitary area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08204.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 405, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have optic neuropathy due to the cyst?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08204.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 406, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08204.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON, a retail manager, has decreased peripheral vision and a history of a stable arachnoid cyst in pituitary area. She's suspected to have optic neuropathy due to cyst. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 407, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 408, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 409, "question": "Is there a mild cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 410, "question": "Is the cataract visually significant for the patient at this time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 411, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 412, "question": "Was the patient recently prescribed new glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08208.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ratio and family history. Mild cataract is present but not visually significant. Patient's IOP is controlled. A new glasses prescription was given."} {"question_id": 413, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 414, "question": "Has the patient experienced any changes in vision since the last visit?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 415, "question": "Does the patient suffer from bipolar disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 416, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 417, "question": "Is the patient obese?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 418, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 419, "question": "Is the patient a former smoker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 420, "question": "Is the patient experiencing any pain or discomfort in the eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 421, "question": "Is there stable thinning observed in the patient's eye structure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 422, "question": "Are there any significant cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 423, "question": "Does the patient have any major vision issues?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 424, "question": "Have 'sunken eyes' been observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 425, "question": "Is the 'sunken eyes' appearance possibly due to dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08212.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect, with no changes in vision since last visit. Also has bipolar disorder, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and is a former smoker. No pain or discomfort in eyes. Stable thinning, no significant cataracts or vision issues. 'Sunken eyes' noticed, possibly due to dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 426, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 427, "question": "Does the patient have a normal optic nerve appearance on fundus examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 428, "question": "Are the patient's visual fields within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 429, "question": "Did the patient exhibit a Tmax (maximum recorded intraocular pressure) of 22?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 430, "question": "Does the patient have low corneal hysteresis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 431, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness less than average, with readings of 520 and 515?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 432, "question": "Has the patient undergone any eye-related procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 433, "question": "Is the patient currently on any medications for their eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 434, "question": "Are the patient's optic nerves described as slightly large?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 435, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure of the patient around 20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08213.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Normal optic nerve, visual fields. Tmax at 22, low corneal hysteresis (8.8/8.6), central corneal thickness 520/515. No procedures/medication history. Slightly large nerves, intraocular pressure around 20."} {"question_id": 436, "question": "Does the patient have posterior optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 437, "question": "Is the likely cause of the posterior optic neuropathy trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 438, "question": "Does the patient suffer from pellucid marginal degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 439, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 440, "question": "Does the patient have myopia with astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 441, "question": "Is the patient also affected by presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 442, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08217.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior optic neuropathy likely due to trauma, pellucid marginal degeneration, cataract, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 443, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on visual field assessments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 444, "question": "Do initial tests indicate mostly healthy nerves in the eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 445, "question": "Is there thinning observed on the optic nerve of the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 446, "question": "Is there an inferior nasal step present in the visual field of the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 447, "question": "Are the findings for the left eye all normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 448, "question": "Is the patient currently using any medications for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08223.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on visual field. Initial tests show mostly healthy nerves, thinning on the right eye's optic nerve, inferior nasal step on right eye, but all normal for left eye. No medications being used."} {"question_id": 449, "question": "Does the patient have choroidal melanoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 450, "question": "Is the patient suffering from severe glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 451, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the right eye 30 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 452, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the left eye 27 mmHg when measured at a certain point in time?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 453, "question": "Has surgery been recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 454, "question": "Is the patient currently using diamox for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08224.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal melanoma in right eye and severe glaucoma in left eye. Right eye's intraocular pressure is 30, left eye's is 27/12. Surgery recommended. Currently using diamox."} {"question_id": 455, "question": "Does the patient have elevated eye pressure in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08226.jpg", "report": "Patient has eye pressure in right and left. Glaucoma indicated through cupped out c/d ratios of 0.85 and 1.0. Restriction and deficiencies in visual fields."} {"question_id": 456, "question": "Is glaucoma indicated by cup-to-disc ratios of 0.85 in one eye and 1.0 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08226.jpg", "report": "Patient has eye pressure in right and left. Glaucoma indicated through cupped out c/d ratios of 0.85 and 1.0. Restriction and deficiencies in visual fields."} {"question_id": 457, "question": "Are there restrictions and deficiencies present in the patient's visual fields?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08226.jpg", "report": "Patient has eye pressure in right and left. Glaucoma indicated through cupped out c/d ratios of 0.85 and 1.0. Restriction and deficiencies in visual fields."} {"question_id": 458, "question": "Does the patient have persistently high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360."} {"question_id": 459, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360."} {"question_id": 460, "question": "Were the risks of laser treatment discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360."} {"question_id": 461, "question": "Is Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) a possible treatment option for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360."} {"question_id": 462, "question": "Is Trabeculotomy (Trab 360) being considered as a treatment option if intraocular pressure remains high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08227.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure which suggests they have glaucoma. Risks of laser treatment were discussed. If pressure remains high, possible treatments include SLT or Trab 360."} {"question_id": 463, "question": "Has the patient undergone surgery to address elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned."} {"question_id": 464, "question": "Is the goal to maintain intraocular pressure at or below 10mmHg in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned."} {"question_id": 465, "question": "Is the goal to maintain intraocular pressure at or below 9mmHg in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned."} {"question_id": 466, "question": "Is the patient currently taking any glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned."} {"question_id": 467, "question": "Is further monitoring for the patient's condition planned?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08228.jpg", "report": "Retired physician has undergone surgery for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); goals of <=10mmHg in the right eye and <=9mmHg in left eye. Currently off glaucoma meds. Further monitoring planned."} {"question_id": 468, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with moderate normal tension glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08229.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes."} {"question_id": 469, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild normal tension glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08229.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes."} {"question_id": 470, "question": "Has the patient undergone any prior glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08229.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes."} {"question_id": 471, "question": "Does the patient require an intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08229.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye, and mild in the left eye. No prior glaucoma surgery recorded. The patient needs intraocular pressure of approximately 12 in both eyes."} {"question_id": 472, "question": "Does the patient exhibit mild refractive changes in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 473, "question": "Is a posterior vitreous detachment present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 474, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 475, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of cup asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 476, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure remained stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 477, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 478, "question": "Is the patient symptomatic for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08232.jpg", "report": "Patient shows mild refractive change, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, and is glaucoma suspect (due to cup asymmetry) with stable pressure. No family history or symptoms of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 479, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou."} {"question_id": 480, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou."} {"question_id": 481, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma controlled with the use of Xalatan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou."} {"question_id": 482, "question": "Does the patient have age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou."} {"question_id": 483, "question": "Does the patient have a superior arcuate defect in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08233.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in left eye, glaucoma in both eyes controlled with Xalatan. Also has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes and sup arcuate ou."} {"question_id": 484, "question": "Does the patient exhibit visual field loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 485, "question": "Is the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) finding stable for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 486, "question": "Should the patient's condition be closely monitored?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 487, "question": "Are there mild guttata present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 488, "question": "Is the stability of the mild guttata confirmed over time?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 489, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a retinal tear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 490, "question": "Is there adjacent fluid near the area of the retinal tear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 491, "question": "Is a demarcation line present in the patient's retinal imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 492, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08234.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual field loss but stable OCT, indicating close monitoring. Mild guttata are stable. History of retinal person with adjacent fluid and demarcation line. Dry eyes present."} {"question_id": 493, "question": "Does the patient show any signs of optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 494, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 495, "question": "Has the patient reported experiencing diplopia when tired?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 496, "question": "Does the patient have dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 497, "question": "Is the patient potentially in need of surgery for dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 498, "question": "Does the patient have a history of Graves disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 499, "question": "Has the patient been previously diagnosed with breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08236.jpg", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient, with history of Graves disease and breast cancer, has no signs of optic neuropathy or glaucoma. She reported diplopia when tired, and has dermatochalasis, potentially needing surgery."} {"question_id": 500, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 501, "question": "Is there dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 502, "question": "Does the patient have a choroidal nevus in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 503, "question": "Is the patient being treated for dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 504, "question": "Are there ongoing treatments for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 505, "question": "Is the patient currently receiving treatment for cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08238.jpg", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, dermatochalasis of upper eyelids, choroidal nevus in left eye, and dry eye syndrome. There are ongoing treatments for glaucoma and cataract."} {"question_id": 506, "question": "Does the patient have mild angle recession glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 507, "question": "Is amblyopia present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 508, "question": "Was the cause of the angle recession glaucoma and amblyopia due to metal-induced trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 509, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 510, "question": "Is the patient currently tolerating timolol well for the treatment of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 511, "question": "Is there a plan to discontinue timolol and monitor intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08240.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild, angle recession glaucoma & amblyopia in left eye, caused by metal-induced trauma. Also, has asthma but tolerates timolol well for glaucoma. Plan to stop timolol & monitor IOP."} {"question_id": 512, "question": "Does Mr. PERSON have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08246.jpg", "report": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative."} {"question_id": 513, "question": "Is there a central retinal vein occlusion present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08246.jpg", "report": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative."} {"question_id": 514, "question": "Does Mr. PERSON have bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08246.jpg", "report": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative."} {"question_id": 515, "question": "Has glaucoma been diagnosed in Mr. PERSON?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08246.jpg", "report": "Mr. PERSON has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, and bilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract. Glaucoma presence is negative."} {"question_id": 516, "question": "Does the fundus image show signs of posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08248.jpg", "report": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes."} {"question_id": 517, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08248.jpg", "report": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes."} {"question_id": 518, "question": "Is the goal intraocular pressure for the patient set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08248.jpg", "report": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes."} {"question_id": 519, "question": "Are there visually significant issues present in both eyes according to the note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08248.jpg", "report": "The note reveals visually significant issues in both eyes on certain dates, with posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye. Patient suffers from dry eye syndrome. Goal intraocular pressure is set at less than or equal to 17 mmHg in both eyes."} {"question_id": 520, "question": "Does the patient have early-stage cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 521, "question": "Are symptoms of glare present due to the cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 522, "question": "Does the patient have choroidal nevi in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 523, "question": "Is the choroidal nevi more significant in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 524, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08249.jpg", "report": "Patient has early-stage cataracts in both eyes with symptoms of glare. They also have choroidal nevi, more significant in the left eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 525, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 526, "question": "Was a YAG posterior capsulotomy (YAG PC) performed on the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 527, "question": "Has dry macular degeneration been detected in the patient by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 528, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 529, "question": "Does the patient require a prescription for glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08250.jpg", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery and yag pc, with dry macular detected by OCT. No signs of glaucoma in RNFL OU. Requires glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 530, "question": "Does the patient suffer from severe dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 531, "question": "Is the patient currently using refresh and at gel for their symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 532, "question": "Is the patient being monitored for eye strain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 533, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed a new prescription to deal with eye strain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 534, "question": "Could the glaucoma medication be causing side effects for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 535, "question": "Has restasis been recommended to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 536, "question": "Has the use of a humidifier been suggested to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08251.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe dry eye syndrome, is using refresh and at gel for symptoms. Monitoring for eye strain despite new prescription. Glaucoma medication might cause side effects. Recommended restasis and humidifier."} {"question_id": 537, "question": "Does the patient have a visually significant cataract in the left eye that affects daily activities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 538, "question": "Has the patient agreed to proceed with cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 539, "question": "Were potential risks such as infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma discussed with the patient prior to surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 540, "question": "Is astigmatism present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 541, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 542, "question": "Is the eye pressure currently excellent due to latanoprost treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 543, "question": "Are there early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08252.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of COPD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has visually significant cataract in left eye, affecting daily activities. Patient has agreed to proceed with cataract surgery and potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, and glaucoma were discussed. Astigmatism and ocular hypertension noted, but eye pressure excellent on latanoprost. Early signs of primary open-angle glaucoma were also observed."} {"question_id": 544, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser iridotomy for narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 545, "question": "Does the patient show signs of ocular cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 546, "question": "Is ocular cupping in this patient a possible indicator of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 547, "question": "Does the patient have low intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 548, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 549, "question": "Does the patient have dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 550, "question": "Does the patient have pterygium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08253.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent laser iridotomy for narrow angles and shows signs of ocular cupping - a possible indicator of glaucoma. They have low intraocular pressure, cataracts, dermatochalasis, and pterygium."} {"question_id": 551, "question": "Does the patient have reduced acuity in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 552, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 553, "question": "Has a macular hole been noted in one of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 554, "question": "Is there any evidence of optic neuropathy in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 555, "question": "Is glaucoma present in either of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08255.jpg", "report": "The patient has reduced acuity in the left eye and a cataract in the right eye, with no evidence of optic neuropathy. A macular hole has been noted by an ophthalmologist. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 556, "question": "Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08257.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 557, "question": "Is the patient currently taking acetaminophen-codeine for pain management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08258.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 558, "question": "Is alendronate part of the patient's medication regimen for osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08258.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 559, "question": "Is the patient being treated with levothyroxine for hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08258.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 560, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08258.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses allergies, current medications, appointments, and overall health conditions of a patient. Notable medications include acetaminophen-codeine for pain and alendronate for osteoporosis. The patient is also taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 561, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 562, "question": "Is the glaucoma at a mild stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 563, "question": "Has the patient undergone a procedure for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 564, "question": "Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) within acceptable limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 565, "question": "Does the patient have an early-stage cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 566, "question": "Is the patient hyperopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 567, "question": "Does the patient have presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 568, "question": "Is the patient experiencing dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08259.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma that's mild stage. Undergone glaucoma procedure, current IOP is acceptable. Also suffers from early cataract, refractive error (hyperopia, presbyopia), and dry eyes."} {"question_id": 569, "question": "Is the 53-year-old female patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08263.jpg", "report": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 570, "question": "Is the cup to disc appearance of the patient's optic nerve likely physiologic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08263.jpg", "report": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 571, "question": "Are the optic nerve rims of the patient healthy appearing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08263.jpg", "report": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 572, "question": "Does the patient have low intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08263.jpg", "report": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 573, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08263.jpg", "report": "53-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance, likely physiologic in healthy appearing rims; low intraocular pressure. No family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 574, "question": "Does the patient have optic nerve hypoplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 575, "question": "Is there a mild refractive error with greater severity in the left eye (os) than in the right eye (od)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 576, "question": "Does the patient have 1 prism diopter of right hypertropia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 577, "question": "Is there inferior field loss present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 578, "question": "Does the patient suffer from anxiety?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 579, "question": "Is nausea one of the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 580, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08265.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic nerve hypoplasia, mild refractive error os>od, 1 pd right hypertropia, inferior field loss in both eyes, anxiety and nausea. No glaucoma indication."} {"question_id": 581, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08266.jpg", "report": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications."} {"question_id": 582, "question": "Does the patient have vision problems?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08266.jpg", "report": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications."} {"question_id": 583, "question": "Are there signs of mild cataract in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08266.jpg", "report": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications."} {"question_id": 584, "question": "Is the patient currently on any treatments or medications for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08266.jpg", "report": "The patient has vision problems and is suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes, shown by their specialty eye tests. They also have a mild cataract but no current treatments or medications."} {"question_id": 585, "question": "Has the patient's right eye consistently been over the treatment goal for intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present."} {"question_id": 586, "question": "Was a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) performed on the patient with three fenestrations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present."} {"question_id": 587, "question": "Are there considerations for phacoemulsification combined with Baerveldt glaucoma implant (phaco/BGI) for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present."} {"question_id": 588, "question": "Should Rhopressa be administered at bedtime (QHS) if the intraocular pressure (IOP) exceeds 12 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present."} {"question_id": 589, "question": "Is glaucoma a potential diagnosis for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08270.jpg", "report": "The patient's right eye is consistently over the goal. BGI was performed with three fenestrations. Considerations include phaco/BGI for the left eye and Rhopressa QHS if IOP exceeds 12 mmHg. Glaucoma may be present."} {"question_id": 590, "question": "Does the patient have chronic angle-closure glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 591, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 592, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently controlled and stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 593, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 594, "question": "Has the patient previously experienced retinal detachments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 595, "question": "Are the conditions related to the pseudophakia and retinal detachments currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08272.jpg", "report": "Patient has chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye and ocular hypertension in left. Pressure is controlled and stable. Has pseudophakia which is stable and previous retinal detachments but is stable.\n"} {"question_id": 596, "question": "Does the fundus image show any signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 597, "question": "Were color fundus photography and visual field tests performed for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 598, "question": "Has the patient undergone a retina examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 599, "question": "Does the patient have a history of back pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 600, "question": "Is the patient currently diagnosed with depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 601, "question": "Does the patient suffer from osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08277.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma. It mentions color fundus photography, visual field for both eyes, and retina examinations. The patient has multiple conditions like back pain, depression, osteoporosis, among others."} {"question_id": 602, "question": "Does the patient have myopic astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests."} {"question_id": 603, "question": "Is the patient suffering from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests."} {"question_id": 604, "question": "Is the patient currently a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests."} {"question_id": 605, "question": "Is the ocular pressure in the patient's eye 24 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests."} {"question_id": 606, "question": "Has the patient been recommended to undergo glaucoma-related tests?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08280.jpg", "report": "Patient has myopic astigmatism, presbyopia, and is deemed a glaucoma suspect with ocular pressure of 24 mmHg. Recommended glaucoma-related tests."} {"question_id": 607, "question": "Does the patient have MOG-associated disease/optic neuritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08283.jpg", "report": "The patient has mog-associated disease/optic neuritis. Their care team is working on insurance approval for IVIG treatment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 608, "question": "Is the patient's care team seeking insurance approval for IVIG treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08283.jpg", "report": "The patient has mog-associated disease/optic neuritis. Their care team is working on insurance approval for IVIG treatment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 609, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08283.jpg", "report": "The patient has mog-associated disease/optic neuritis. Their care team is working on insurance approval for IVIG treatment. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 610, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 611, "question": "Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 612, "question": "Has there been a reduction in visual fields for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 613, "question": "Has the patient been started on any treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 614, "question": "Will the patient continue to be monitored for glaucoma without immediate treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 615, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts in addition to being a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08285.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 56 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes. There's no thinning of the retinal fiber layer or reduction in visual fields. No treatment commenced, will continue monitoring. She also has mild cataracts.\n"} {"question_id": 616, "question": "Is the patient currently taking venlafaxine for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 617, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 618, "question": "Is docusate sodium one of the medications the patient is on?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 619, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 620, "question": "Is neurontin among the medications the patient is using?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 621, "question": "Does the patient suffer from depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 622, "question": "Is melatonin part of the patient's medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 623, "question": "Does the patient have osteoarthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 624, "question": "Is the patient taking omeprazole?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 625, "question": "Has the patient been treated for a urinary tract infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 626, "question": "Is the patient currently on a vitamin B complex supplement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08287.jpg", "report": "The patient is on several medications including venlafaxine, docusate sodium, neurontin, melatonin, omeprazole and vitamin B complex. No presence of glaucoma reported. Other conditions include asthma, depression, osteoarthritis, and urinary tract infection."} {"question_id": 627, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed preservative-free artificial tears?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08300.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 628, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up specifically for cornea care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08300.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 629, "question": "Is there a check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) scheduled for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08300.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 630, "question": "Is Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment being considered for the patient's glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08300.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed preservative-free artificial tears and will follow-up for cornea care. A check-up for intraocular pressure (IOP) is scheduled, with the possibility of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 631, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 632, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma at a mild stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 633, "question": "Does the patient have high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 634, "question": "Has the patient been started on latanoprost for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 635, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) with a good response?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 636, "question": "Is the plan to continue medication for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 637, "question": "Does the patient have a scheduled follow-up for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08304.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma, mild stage, with high intraocular pressure. Started on latanoprost. Underwent SLT with good response. Plan is to continue medication and follow-up."} {"question_id": 638, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 639, "question": "Are there any sub-clinical abnormalities present in the eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 640, "question": "Does the patient experience blurred vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 641, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with occipital neuralgia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 642, "question": "Is there a history of an optic nerve 'pit' in the patient's medical record?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 643, "question": "Was a trigger point injection recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08318.jpg", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma or sub-clinical abnormalities found. Patient has blurred vision, occipital neuralgia, and history of optic nerve 'pit'. Recommended trigger point injection."} {"question_id": 644, "question": "Does the patient have a mild cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 645, "question": "Is there a nevus present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 646, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 647, "question": "Is there a refractive error present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 648, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 649, "question": "Is glaucoma more suspected in the left eye compared to the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08329.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and nevus in right eye, dry and refractive error in both eyes, and ocular hypertension in left eye. Suspected glaucoma is more in left eye than right."} {"question_id": 650, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08331.jpg", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported."} {"question_id": 651, "question": "Are prominent radial retinal folds present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08331.jpg", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported."} {"question_id": 652, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08331.jpg", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported."} {"question_id": 653, "question": "Is idiopathic intracranial hypertension the only condition mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No. (Because prominent radial retinal folds are also mentioned.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08331.jpg", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with prominent radial retinal folds. No glaucoma is reported."} {"question_id": 654, "question": "Has the patient undergone checks for intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 655, "question": "Has the patient's field of vision been assessed using a Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) analyzer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 656, "question": "Is there an evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) included in the patient's care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 657, "question": "If the intraocular pressure is elevated, are medications like brimonidine or timolol considered for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 658, "question": "Is there a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08333.jpg", "report": "The patient has cornea care with checks for intraocular pressure (IOP), field of vision (HVF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). If IOP is elevated, medications (brimonidine or timolol) could be used. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 659, "question": "Does the patient show signs of an afferent pupillary defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 660, "question": "Is the patient experiencing metamorphopsia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 661, "question": "Does the patient have defects in their visual fields?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 662, "question": "Has the patient had a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 663, "question": "Is there erosion of the epiretinal membrane in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 664, "question": "Is there evidence of progression of optic neuropathy in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 665, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma progression in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08334.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits afferent pupillary defect, metamorphopsia & has defects in visual fields. Has a history of sequential naion and erosion of epiretinal membrane. No evidence of progression of optic neuropathy or glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 666, "question": "Does the clinical note suggest a high threat to the patient's vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08335.jpg", "report": "Clinical note implies a high threat to patient's vision/neurological function/systemic health. High risk of morbidity related to diagnosis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 667, "question": "Is there a high risk of morbidity related to the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08335.jpg", "report": "Clinical note implies a high threat to patient's vision/neurological function/systemic health. High risk of morbidity related to diagnosis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 668, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08335.jpg", "report": "Clinical note implies a high threat to patient's vision/neurological function/systemic health. High risk of morbidity related to diagnosis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 669, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08338.jpg", "report": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Information recorded accurately by scribe."} {"question_id": 670, "question": "Was the patient's information accurately recorded by a scribe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08338.jpg", "report": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Information recorded accurately by scribe."} {"question_id": 671, "question": "Does the fundus image likely show signs of optic disc edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 672, "question": "Is the blurry vision caused by an uncorrected refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 673, "question": "Is there exophoria at near in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 674, "question": "Was the optic disc edema a result of a meningioma resection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 675, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08346.jpg", "report": "The patient presented with blurry vision due to uncorrected refractive error and exophoria at near. Examination revealed optic disc edema, secondary to meningioma resection. No mentions of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 676, "question": "Does the clinical note specify the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 677, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness of both eyes documented in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 678, "question": "Does the patient have a known refractive error in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 679, "question": "Has the patient experienced a left-sided stroke?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 680, "question": "Is there a history of dementia reported for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 681, "question": "Does the patient suffer from right-sided weakness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08347.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma. Important information included the central corneal thickness (496 / 498) and refractive error for both eyes. The patient has a history of left-sided stroke, dementia, and right sided weakness."} {"question_id": 682, "question": "Does the patient present with ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 683, "question": "Is there a genetic history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 684, "question": "Does the patient exhibit symptoms such as enlarged blind spots?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 685, "question": "Are there any indications of rim losses in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 686, "question": "Has the patient been given a prescription to control intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08352.jpg", "report": "The 58-year-old patient, a registered nurse, presents with ocular hypertension, no genetic history of glaucoma, but shows few symptoms like enlarged blind spots and rim losses. Prescription given to control intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 687, "question": "Does the patient have moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 688, "question": "Is the primary open angle glaucoma more severe in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 689, "question": "Has the patient undergone previous treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 690, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 691, "question": "Does the patient have dry age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 692, "question": "Is the patient allergic to the medication Alphagan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 693, "question": "Does the patient have a history of basal cell cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 694, "question": "Does the patient have a history of heart failure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 695, "question": "Is the patient currently on aspirin therapy for their heart condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 696, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08359.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, more so in the right one. They've had previous treatment and have no family history of glaucoma. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration and allergies to medication including Alphagan. Historical conditions include basal cell cancer. They have history of heart failure, hypertension, and take aspirin."} {"question_id": 697, "question": "Does the patient have a history of vitreous floaters?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 698, "question": "Has the patient previously been diagnosed with EKC (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 699, "question": "Is there inferior scleral show present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 700, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 701, "question": "Is the left eye suspected for glaucoma due to C:D (cup-to-disc) asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 702, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma, specifically from the mother's side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 703, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings for the patient 15 in the right eye and 16 in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 704, "question": "Are the pachymetry readings for the patient 575 micrometers in the right eye and 569 micrometers in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 705, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08360.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old woman is a previous patient with vitreous floaters, a history of EKC, inferior scleral show and cataracts in both eyes. She has suspected glaucoma in her left eye due to C:D asymmetry, family history (mother) and IOP of 15/16 Pachy 575/569. She also has a history of ocular migraines."} {"question_id": 706, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 707, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures currently well-controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 708, "question": "Are the patient's visual fields stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 709, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed xalatan for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 710, "question": "Has the patient's macular edema resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 711, "question": "Is there any evidence of diabetic eye disease in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 712, "question": "Has the patient been advised to control their glycemic levels?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08361.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with good pressures and stable visual fields. They're prescribed xalatan. Their macular edema has resolved. No diabetic eye disease noted and they're advised to control glycemic levels."} {"question_id": 713, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08371.jpg", "report": "93 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up as needed."} {"question_id": 714, "question": "Is the patient currently in need of a follow-up for his glaucoma condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08371.jpg", "report": "93 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up as needed."} {"question_id": 715, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 716, "question": "Is astigmatism present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 717, "question": "Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 718, "question": "Are the patient's eyes experiencing dryness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 719, "question": "Has the patient reported symptoms of dizziness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 720, "question": "Is the patient experiencing decreasing flashes of light?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 721, "question": "Upon examination, were pigmented cells or retinal tears found in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 722, "question": "Is the patient considered to be at high suspicion for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08373.jpg", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, and dryness in eyes. He reports some dizziness and decreasing flashes of lights. Examination reveals no evidence of pigmented cells, retinal tears, etc. He's a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.\n"} {"question_id": 723, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08378.jpg", "report": "81-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. His account is activated and ready for use."} {"question_id": 724, "question": "Is the patient's account activated and ready for use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08378.jpg", "report": "81-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. His account is activated and ready for use."} {"question_id": 725, "question": "Does the fundus image summary suggest further worsening of the inferior region of the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 726, "question": "Is there a recommendation for an intraocular pressure check according to the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 727, "question": "Is a Humphrey visual field test suggested for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 728, "question": "Are disc photos recommended for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 729, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08381.jpg", "report": "The note mentions further worsening of inferior. It also suggests the need for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check, a Humphrey visual field (HVF) test for the left eye, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 730, "question": "Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 731, "question": "Is the left eye a suspected case of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 732, "question": "Is there a known family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 733, "question": "Has the patient been using steroids for a prolonged period?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 734, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 735, "question": "Is there a posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08384.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspected case in the left eye. No known family history of glaucoma or prolonged steroid use. Cataract in both eyes and posterior vitreous detachment in left eye."} {"question_id": 736, "question": "Does the patient have intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes and blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 737, "question": "Is the patient affected by posterior capsule opacification (PCO) contributing to vision problems and glare?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 738, "question": "Has the patient undergone YAG capsulotomy treatment in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 739, "question": "Does the patient's history include laser treatment for high intraocular pressure spikes following cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 740, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's medical records?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 741, "question": "Are the optic nerves of the patient considered healthy despite global depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 742, "question": "Has the condition of the patient's eyes progressed over time?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 743, "question": "Is the patient interested in surgery for mild ptosis and dermatochalasis related to vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 744, "question": "Has the patient decided to defer the surgery for vision-related mild ptosis and dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08385.jpg", "report": "Patient, a 79-year-old male with ckd & prostate cancer, has intermittent blurry vision due to dry eyes/blepharitis. Suffers from pco affecting vision & glare. Underwent yag capsulotomy treatment in his right eye. History shows laser treatment, high iop spikes post-cataract surgery, & familial glaucoma. Optic nerves are healthy but there's global depression; condition progressed. Intrigued at the prospect of surgery for vision-related mild ptosis & dermatochalasis, but currently deferred."} {"question_id": 745, "question": "Does the patient have a pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08386.jpg", "report": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss."} {"question_id": 746, "question": "Has the patient shown significant visual improvement after treatment for the pituitary macroadenoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08386.jpg", "report": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss."} {"question_id": 747, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08386.jpg", "report": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss."} {"question_id": 748, "question": "Is there evidence of mild retinal ganglion cell loss in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08386.jpg", "report": "The patient has pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression but shows significant visual improvement after treatment. They are considered a glaucoma suspect, with mild retinal ganglion cell loss."} {"question_id": 749, "question": "Has the patient requested a second HVF test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08387.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It discusses a patient requesting a second HVF test and the results worsening."} {"question_id": 750, "question": "Do the results of the second HVF test indicate worsening conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08387.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It discusses a patient requesting a second HVF test and the results worsening."} {"question_id": 751, "question": "Does the summary specify the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08387.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It discusses a patient requesting a second HVF test and the results worsening."} {"question_id": 752, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation (phaco/iol)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 753, "question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 754, "question": "Was the patient previously on Xalatan for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 755, "question": "Is blepharitis present in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 756, "question": "Are there signs of early glaucoma noted in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 757, "question": "Is the patient considering restarting Xalatan as part of their treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 758, "question": "Is the patient being referred to a Glaucoma service for further consultation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08390.jpg", "report": "Patient post phaco/iol, has enlarged c/d, previously on Xalatan. Noted with blepharitis and possible early glaucoma signs. Considering restarting Xalatan, consulting Glaucoma service.\n"} {"question_id": 759, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08391.jpg", "report": "64-year-old white, non-Hispanic male patient. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use."} {"question_id": 760, "question": "Is the patient's gateway account activated for use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08391.jpg", "report": "64-year-old white, non-Hispanic male patient. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use."} {"question_id": 761, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to a high cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08400.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted."} {"question_id": 762, "question": "Is the patient myopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08400.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted."} {"question_id": 763, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost for her eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08400.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted."} {"question_id": 764, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08400.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 54 y.o. female suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio high in myopia. She's on latanoprost for eye treatment. A right cataract is also noted."} {"question_id": 765, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 766, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 767, "question": "Does the patient have dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 768, "question": "Has the patient's chemical keratitis resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 769, "question": "Is there a plan to refer the patient to a glaucoma service?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08401.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio, with no family history of condition. Also presents dry eye, resolved chemical keratitis. Plan refers to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 770, "question": "Does Taye Ige have a prescription for glasses with a sphere of +2.00 in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 771, "question": "Does Taye Ige have a prescription for glasses with a sphere of +2.50 in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 772, "question": "Is Taye Ige allergic to chloroquine hcl?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 773, "question": "Is Taye Ige currently taking aspirin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 774, "question": "Is Taye Ige currently taking atenolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 775, "question": "Is Taye Ige currently using triamcinolone acetonide?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 776, "question": "Is there a mention of glaucoma in Taye Ige's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 777, "question": "Does Taye Ige smoke?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08404.jpg", "report": "The patient, Taye Ige, doesn't smoke and has prescriptions for glasses sphere +2.00 right, +2.50 left. He has allergies to chloroquine hcl, is on aspirin, atenolol and triamcinolone acetonide. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 778, "question": "Is the patient currently on Simvastatin medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 779, "question": "Does the patient suffer from osteoarthritis in the hip?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 780, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a colon polyp?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 781, "question": "Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 782, "question": "Does the patient have a heart murmur?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 783, "question": "Does the patient have a history of snoring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 784, "question": "Is there a lung nodule present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 785, "question": "Does the patient have high blood pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 786, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08416.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Simvastatin. They have osteoarthritis in the hip, a colon polyp, hyperlipidemia, a heart murmur, snoring, and a lung nodule. They also have high blood pressure but no glaucoma diagnosis."} {"question_id": 787, "question": "Does the patient have an untreated Glaucoma condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 788, "question": "Has the patient previously used Xalatan for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 789, "question": "Is the patient intolerant to many glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 790, "question": "Are glaucoma procedures being considered for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 791, "question": "Does the patient also have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 792, "question": "Is there a plan to start intraocular pressure (IOP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) checks in 2 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08417.jpg", "report": "Untreated Glaucoma condition noted, patient previously used Xalatan. Intolerant to many. Glaucoma procedures considered. Also has cataract. Plan to start IOP, OCT check in 2 mo."} {"question_id": 793, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08419.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 794, "question": "Is the patient free of any diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08422.jpg", "report": "37-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter details are recorded accurately."} {"question_id": 795, "question": "Are the encounter details for the patient accurately recorded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08422.jpg", "report": "37-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter details are recorded accurately."} {"question_id": 796, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 797, "question": "Is the patient currently using timolol as part of their treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 798, "question": "Is brimonidine being administered twice a day for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 799, "question": "Does the patient's treatment plan include dorzolamide administered three times a day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 800, "question": "Is netarsudil part of the patient's medication schedule to be taken once at night?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 801, "question": "Are alternative medication options being considered for the patient's glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 802, "question": "Is the patient advised to contact the glaucoma department for any questions they might have?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08423.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on various medications: timolol (1x/night), brimonidine (2x/day), dorzolamide (3x/day), and netarsudil (1x/night). Alternative medication options mentioned. Emphasizes calling glaucoma dept. for queries."} {"question_id": 803, "question": "Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 804, "question": "Is the condition worse in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 805, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma being managed successfully with the current regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 806, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 807, "question": "Did the patient receive YAG laser treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 808, "question": "Does the patient have an allergy to latex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08425.jpg", "report": "76-year-old woman has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (worse in right eye), managed successfully with current regimen. Underwent successful cataract surgery and YAG laser treatment. Has latex allergy."} {"question_id": 809, "question": "Does the patient have a history of left optic nerve glioma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 810, "question": "Is the left optic nerve glioma currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 811, "question": "Does the patient have a visual acuity of 20/15 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 812, "question": "Is the patient being followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 813, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 814, "question": "Has OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) imaging been used for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08427.jpg", "report": "Patient with history of left optic nerve glioma, currently stable. Visual function is good (20/15 ou). She's followed for panhypopituitarism post-radiation. Glaucoma is suspected; OCT imaging used."} {"question_id": 815, "question": "Does the patient have a high risk of morbidity related to therapy or surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08430.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 816, "question": "Is there a moderate risk from drug management for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08430.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 817, "question": "Is the patient's treatment limited by social health factors?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08430.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 818, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08430.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of morbidity related to therapy, surgery or decisions. Moderate risk exists from drug management, minor surgery, or treatment limited by social health factors. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 819, "question": "Does the patient have a history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 820, "question": "Is there an increased cup-to-disc ratio observed in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 821, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with eye drops for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 822, "question": "Is the patient's elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 823, "question": "Are the patient's Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 824, "question": "Are the patient's Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08432.jpg", "report": "22 y.o male with history of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has increased cup-to-disc ratio; treated with drops. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) reportedly well-controlled. OCT & HVF normal."} {"question_id": 825, "question": "Are further tests planned for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08433.jpg", "report": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated."} {"question_id": 826, "question": "Is dilation part of the patient's future tests?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08433.jpg", "report": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated."} {"question_id": 827, "question": "Is an intraocular pressure (IOP) check scheduled for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08433.jpg", "report": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated."} {"question_id": 828, "question": "Is the presence of glaucoma confirmed in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08433.jpg", "report": "Clinical notes indicate slow progression in the patient's condition. Further tests are planned including dilation and IOP check. Presence of glaucoma is not stated."} {"question_id": 829, "question": "Does the patient have Graves' disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 830, "question": "Are the symptoms experienced by the patient mild?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 831, "question": "Is the patient's HbA1c level indicative of diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 832, "question": "Does the patient have a history of scleritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 833, "question": "Is the patient hyperopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 834, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08434.jpg", "report": "The patient is a female with Graves' disease and mild symptoms. Her HbA1c level is 7.2% indicating diabetes. She also has a history of scleritis and hyperopia. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 835, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 836, "question": "Is the patient currently asymptomatic with respect to optic asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 837, "question": "Did the patient's weight loss contribute to the improvement of their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 838, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Diamox (acetazolamide) for their condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 839, "question": "Has glaucoma been indicated in the patient's medical summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08437.jpg", "report": "The patient had IIH which is now resolved, and optic asymmetry, currently asymptomatic. She has lost 35 pounds, assisting her improvements. No diamox needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 840, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 841, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure of the patient 27 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 842, "question": "Has the patient been considered low risk for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 843, "question": "Has the patient been untreated for the ocular hypertension prior to the review?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 844, "question": "Has selective laser trabeculoplasty been chosen as a treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 845, "question": "Is the patient's corneal hysteresis considered high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 846, "question": "Is the patient's ocular condition described as stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08438.jpg", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure of 27, low risk but untreated. Reviewed & opted for selective laser trabeculoplasty. Stable, high corneal hysteresis."} {"question_id": 847, "question": "Is the patient considered a new glaucoma suspect based on family history and intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08440.jpg", "report": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment."} {"question_id": 848, "question": "Is the patient's central corneal thickness (CCT) within normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08440.jpg", "report": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment."} {"question_id": 849, "question": "Does the optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) show slight thinning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08440.jpg", "report": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment."} {"question_id": 850, "question": "Has the patient begun treatment with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08440.jpg", "report": "The male patient is a new glaucoma suspect due to family history and intraocular pressure (IOP). His CCT is normal, but OCT RNFL is slightly thin. He has started latanoprost for treatment."} {"question_id": 851, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08442.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Also had phone COVID screen."} {"question_id": 852, "question": "Did the patient undergo a phone COVID screening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08442.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Also had phone COVID screen."} {"question_id": 853, "question": "Does the patient have mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 854, "question": "Is the cupping of the optic nerve head not impressive in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 855, "question": "Is there nerve fiber layer loss in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 856, "question": "Does the patient have a left visual field defect that is consistent with nerve fiber layer loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 857, "question": "Is the patient currently taking latanoprost for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 858, "question": "Has the patient been recommended to stop latanoprost temporarily to check untreated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 859, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently 11 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 860, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma in their father?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 861, "question": "Is there a follow-up appointment scheduled for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08444.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cupping isn't impressive, but there is nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss in left eye. Left visual field defect consistent with NFL dropout. Taking latanoprost but recommended to stop briefly to check untreated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is currently 11 in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma in father. Follow up scheduled."} {"question_id": 862, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup-to-disc appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 863, "question": "Are the angles open in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 864, "question": "Could the borderline appearance be related to dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 865, "question": "Have the risks of acute angle closure glaucoma been discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 866, "question": "Is there a possibility that cataracts might narrow the angles in the future?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 867, "question": "Does the patient have nuclear senile cataract in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 868, "question": "Is the patient's vision impacted by the nuclear senile cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08449.jpg", "report": "76 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup: disc appearance. Open angles ou, borderline might be related to dermatochalasis. Risks of acute angle closure glaucoma discussed. Cataracts might narrow angles in future. Nuclear senile cataract ou impacting vision.\n"} {"question_id": 869, "question": "Could the patient have late post-radiation optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 870, "question": "Is the late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 871, "question": "Was the radiation dose received by the patient 17000 gy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 872, "question": "Is the previous radiation therapy associated with treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 873, "question": "Is treatment being considered for optic nerve radiation injury?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 874, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08451.jpg", "report": "The patient may have late post-radiation optic neuropathy related to previous radiation therapy (17000 gy) for squamous cell carcinoma. Considered treatment for optic nerve radiation injury. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 875, "question": "Does the fundus image show signs of primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes."} {"question_id": 876, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's uncles, aunt, and grandmother?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes."} {"question_id": 877, "question": "Has the patient experienced elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes."} {"question_id": 878, "question": "Does the patient suffer from bilateral monocular diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes."} {"question_id": 879, "question": "Is dry eye a condition present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08453.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased c:d ratio and history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Family history includes 2 uncles, 1 aunt and grandmother with glaucoma. Bilateral monocular diplopia. Dry eyes."} {"question_id": 880, "question": "Is the patient being considered for possible phaco/migs surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 881, "question": "Is the patient currently classified as a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 882, "question": "Has the patient experienced any vision loss?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 883, "question": "Did the patient's father have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 884, "question": "Has the patient used Tobradex/steroid cream previously?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 885, "question": "Does the patient have a history of past eye surgeries?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 886, "question": "Has the patient shown any intolerance to treatments?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 887, "question": "Are the patient's IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT findings stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 888, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return for a follow-up in 3-4 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08455.jpg", "report": "The patient, referred for possible phaco/migs, is a glaucoma suspect with no vision loss. Father had glaucoma. Previously used Tobradex/steroid cream. No past surgeries or intolerance. IOP, visual field, and RNFL OCT stable. Return is in 3-4 months."} {"question_id": 889, "question": "Does the patient have blurry vision at a distance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 890, "question": "Does the patient have a history of anabolic steroid use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 891, "question": "Has the patient experienced right cephalic vein thrombosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 892, "question": "Is there a significant ocular history for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 893, "question": "Is there any presence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 894, "question": "Did the examination indicate possible slight blurring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08457.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision at a distance and a history of anabolic steroid use and right cephalic vein thrombosis. There is no significant ocular history, and no presence of glaucoma. Examination indicated possible slight blurring."} {"question_id": 895, "question": "Is the 54-year-old female suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08462.jpg", "report": "54-year-old female suspected with glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention needed currently. Detects benign choroidal nevus/pigmentation in left eye. Refractive error present, given rx for glasses."} {"question_id": 896, "question": "Is the suspicion of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08462.jpg", "report": "54-year-old female suspected with glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention needed currently. Detects benign choroidal nevus/pigmentation in left eye. Refractive error present, given rx for glasses."} {"question_id": 897, "question": "Is any immediate intervention required for the suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08462.jpg", "report": "54-year-old female suspected with glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention needed currently. Detects benign choroidal nevus/pigmentation in left eye. Refractive error present, given rx for glasses."} {"question_id": 898, "question": "Was a benign choroidal nevus or pigmentation detected in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08462.jpg", "report": "54-year-old female suspected with glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention needed currently. Detects benign choroidal nevus/pigmentation in left eye. Refractive error present, given rx for glasses."} {"question_id": 899, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error that necessitates prescription glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08462.jpg", "report": "54-year-old female suspected with glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention needed currently. Detects benign choroidal nevus/pigmentation in left eye. Refractive error present, given rx for glasses."} {"question_id": 900, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08463.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Needs scheduling for tube shunt in left eye."} {"question_id": 901, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a tube shunt procedure in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08463.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Needs scheduling for tube shunt in left eye."} {"question_id": 902, "question": "Is the patient being managed for glaucoma with a target intraocular pressure of \u226418 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08465.jpg", "report": "The patient is being managed for glaucoma with a target intraocular pressure of \u226418 mmHg in both eyes. Medication Brinzolamide/Timolol is being used and will continue. Follow-up in 2-3 months."} {"question_id": 903, "question": "Is Brinzolamide/Timolol the medication currently being used for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08465.jpg", "report": "The patient is being managed for glaucoma with a target intraocular pressure of \u226418 mmHg in both eyes. Medication Brinzolamide/Timolol is being used and will continue. Follow-up in 2-3 months."} {"question_id": 904, "question": "Will the patient continue using Brinzolamide/Timolol for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08465.jpg", "report": "The patient is being managed for glaucoma with a target intraocular pressure of \u226418 mmHg in both eyes. Medication Brinzolamide/Timolol is being used and will continue. Follow-up in 2-3 months."} {"question_id": 905, "question": "Is a follow-up scheduled within 2-3 months for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08465.jpg", "report": "The patient is being managed for glaucoma with a target intraocular pressure of \u226418 mmHg in both eyes. Medication Brinzolamide/Timolol is being used and will continue. Follow-up in 2-3 months."} {"question_id": 906, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma indicated by cup-to-disc (C:D) asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 907, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient currently controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 908, "question": "Are there any significant cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 909, "question": "Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 910, "question": "Is there any sign of retinal detachment in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 911, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed new glasses recently?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08467.jpg", "report": "65 y.o. female patient has glaucoma based on C:D Asymmetry. The IOP is controlled and has no significant cataracts. She also has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal detachment. Prescribed new glasses."} {"question_id": 912, "question": "Can the presence of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note provided?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08472.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 913, "question": "Are there specific details about the patient's eye condition included in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08472.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 914, "question": "Does the clinical note indicate any particular treatment plan for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08472.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 915, "question": "Based on the clinical note, is there a history of eye surgery mentioned for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08472.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 916, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08474.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. white, Hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosed."} {"question_id": 917, "question": "Does the patient have mild non-confluent guttae centrally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 918, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with Fuchs dystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 919, "question": "Is there a need for corneal intervention at this time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 920, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 921, "question": "Is the pseudophakia stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 922, "question": "Does the patient have dry age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 923, "question": "Is Meibomian gland dysfunction present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 924, "question": "Is glaucoma a concern for this patient according to the summary provided?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08475.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild non-confluent guttae centrally and Fuchs disease. No corneal intervention is required. Pseudophakia is present and stable. The patient also has dry age-related macular degeneration (dry ARMD) and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 925, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 926, "question": "Is the suspicion of open angle glaucoma greater in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 927, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 928, "question": "Were there any specific changes identified in the visual fields?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 929, "question": "Are the OCT-RNFL results normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 930, "question": "Is the patient required to start immediate eye drop therapy for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 931, "question": "Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 932, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 933, "question": "Are both the patient's type 2 diabetes and cataracts under control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08480.jpg", "report": "Patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma, more in left eye than right. The father has a history of glaucoma. No specific changes in visual fields identified. OCT-RNFL results normal. No immediate eye drop therapy required. Patient also has type 2 diabetes and cataracts, both under control."} {"question_id": 934, "question": "Has the patient been treated with timolol for intraocular pressure management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 935, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 936, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) still above the target goal despite treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 937, "question": "Is Rhopressa being considered as a future treatment option for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 938, "question": "Is the patient a potential candidate for combined cataract surgery and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (phaco/migs)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 939, "question": "Is glaucoma specifically mentioned in the patient's diagnosis or summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08482.jpg", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) managed with timolol. SLT performed on both eyes. Still above IOP goal. Could consider Rhopressa in future. Potential candidate for phaco/migs. Glaucoma not specifically mentioned."} {"question_id": 940, "question": "Does the patient have diffuse large B cell lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 941, "question": "Does the patient suffer from seizures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 942, "question": "Is the patient experiencing right homonymous hemianopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 943, "question": "Does the patient have binocular horizontal diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 944, "question": "Does the patient have dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 945, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 946, "question": "Is the suspicion of glaucoma in the right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 947, "question": "Is the increased cup:disc ratio in the right eye a reason for the glaucoma suspicion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08486.jpg", "report": "Patient has diffuse large B cell lymphoma, seizures, right homonymous hemianopia, binocular horizontal diplopia, and dry eyes. Glaucoma is suspected in right eye due to elevated intraocular pressure and increased cup:disc ratio."} {"question_id": 948, "question": "Does the patient show cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 949, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 950, "question": "Are the patient's HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 951, "question": "Is there any intraocular pressure elevation in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 952, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 953, "question": "Has a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) been identified in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 954, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08487.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, no glaucoma detected. HVF and OCT are normal. No intraocular pressure elevation. Also has cataracts and PVD in both eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 955, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08488.jpg", "report": "31 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. His intraocular pressure is controlled, goal 21 or less. Family history positive for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 956, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently controlled at the goal of 21 mmHg or less?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08488.jpg", "report": "31 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. His intraocular pressure is controlled, goal 21 or less. Family history positive for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 957, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08488.jpg", "report": "31 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. His intraocular pressure is controlled, goal 21 or less. Family history positive for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 958, "question": "Does the patient have a history of trauma to the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 959, "question": "Are the angles open in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 960, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 961, "question": "Is there a suspicion of mild glaucoma in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 962, "question": "Is the patient currently required to use glaucoma drops for their right eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 963, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 964, "question": "Are mild cataracts present in both of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08491.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of left eye trauma and open angles in both eyes. They have primary open angle glaucoma/suspected mild glaucoma in the right eye but no need for glaucoma drops. Also, they have dry eyes and mild cataracts in both eyes."} {"question_id": 965, "question": "Does the patient have posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08497.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes."} {"question_id": 966, "question": "Is the patient currently off all glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08497.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes."} {"question_id": 967, "question": "Is the patient under close monitoring for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08497.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes."} {"question_id": 968, "question": "Is the goal intraocular pressure for both eyes 17 mmHg or less?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08497.jpg", "report": "The patient has posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications but under close monitoring. Also, the goal intraocular pressure is \u2264 17 mmHg for both eyes."} {"question_id": 969, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 970, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 971, "question": "Was the reason for the laser peripheral iridotomy due to an obstructive condition and narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 972, "question": "Is the patient currently taking dorzolamide?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 973, "question": "Is valtrex part of the patient's current medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 974, "question": "Is the patient also using rhopressa as a medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08498.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in both eyes due to obstructive condition and narrow angles. They are currently on medication including dorzolamide, valtrex, and rhopressa."} {"question_id": 975, "question": "Is there a concern mentioned about a skull base repair in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08499.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions."} {"question_id": 976, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned as a present condition in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08499.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions."} {"question_id": 977, "question": "Was the patient advised to schedule follow-up appointments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08499.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions."} {"question_id": 978, "question": "Was the patient encouraged to ask any questions they might have?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08499.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a concern regarding a skull base repair. It does not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient was requested to schedule follow-ups and ask any questions."} {"question_id": 979, "question": "Does the patient have open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 980, "question": "Is the patient at high risk due to ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 981, "question": "Has the patient started treatment with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 982, "question": "Is dorzolamide one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 983, "question": "Is brimonidine part of the patient's current medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 984, "question": "Does the left eye show changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08508.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes due to ocular hypertension. They\u2019ve started on latanoprost, dorzolamide, and brimonidine medications. The left eye has retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with vein occlusion."} {"question_id": 985, "question": "Does the patient have scattered defects in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 986, "question": "Does the patient have normal color vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 987, "question": "Has the patient been confirmed to have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 988, "question": "Does the patient have a vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 989, "question": "Is the patient experiencing dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 990, "question": "Does the patient have reduced vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 991, "question": "Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 992, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with ethambutol for a lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08514.jpg", "report": "70yo female using high-risk drug ethambutol for lung disease, has scattered defects in left eye but normal color vision. Not confirmed glaucoma. Also has vitreous detachment, dry eyes, reduced vision, and nuclear sclerosis."} {"question_id": 993, "question": "Does the patient experience visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 994, "question": "Has the patient previously been diagnosed with hypertropia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 995, "question": "Is a follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 996, "question": "Should the patient also follow up with optometry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 997, "question": "Is an additional follow-up with neurology suggested for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 998, "question": "Has it been recommended that the patient get a glasses refraction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 999, "question": "Is the use of a fresnel prism included in the patient's management plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1000, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye condition summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08520.jpg", "report": "Patient has visual suppression of the vestibular-ocular reflex and past hypertropia. Recommended follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology, optometry, and neurology; glasses refraction and fresnel prism. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1001, "question": "Is the patient experiencing worsening glaucoma at normal intraocular pressures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08521.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition."} {"question_id": 1002, "question": "Are multiple follow-ups with specialists planned for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08521.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition."} {"question_id": 1003, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed Vyzulta for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08521.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition."} {"question_id": 1004, "question": "Is Doxycycline part of the patient's medication plan to manage glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08521.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma worsening at normal intraocular pressures. Multiple follow-ups are planned with specialists. They have been given medication plans including Vyzulta and Doxycycline to manage the condition."} {"question_id": 1005, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08522.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Had nose carcinoma previously treated by resection & radiation. No radiation retinopathy found."} {"question_id": 1006, "question": "Has the patient undergone resection and radiation for nose carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08522.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Had nose carcinoma previously treated by resection & radiation. No radiation retinopathy found."} {"question_id": 1007, "question": "Is there any evidence of radiation retinopathy in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08522.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Had nose carcinoma previously treated by resection & radiation. No radiation retinopathy found."} {"question_id": 1008, "question": "Does the patient show signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with increased cup-to-disc ratio (C:D) in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended."} {"question_id": 1009, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended."} {"question_id": 1010, "question": "Does the patient exhibit mild visual field defects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended."} {"question_id": 1011, "question": "Is a repeat visual field test recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended."} {"question_id": 1012, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08523.jpg", "report": "The 52-year-old male patient has a family history of glaucoma, and shows signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with increased c:d ou. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable, and he shows mild visual field defects. Repeat visual field test recommended."} {"question_id": 1013, "question": "Is the patient currently on medication for severe constipation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1014, "question": "Is the patient being treated for hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1015, "question": "Does the patient have a history of back pain that requires medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1016, "question": "Is the patient taking medication for arthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1017, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's medical summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08525.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking several medications for various conditions including severe constipation, hypertension, back pain, and arthritis among others. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1018, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts according to the comprehensive eye exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1019, "question": "Was a myopic shift detected in the patient's eye exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1020, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1021, "question": "Is the patient's cup-to-disk (c/d) ratio enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1022, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) within normal limits (WNL) for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1023, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08529.jpg", "report": "84 y.o. male with hypertension, CAD, and hyperlipidemia. Comprehensive eye exam revealed cataracts, myopic shift, and posterior vitreous detachment. Enlarged c/d ratio, IOP WNL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1024, "question": "Does the patient have early cataract in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1025, "question": "Is there a partial vitreous detachment in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1026, "question": "Is there greater optic disc cupping in the right eye compared to the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1027, "question": "Is the greater optic disc cupping in the right eye suggestive of suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1028, "question": "Has the patient experienced eye pressure elevation in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1029, "question": "Is the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08530.jpg", "report": "Patient has early cataract in both eyes, partial vitreous detachment in left eye, and greater optic disc cupping in right eye indicating suspected glaucoma. No eye pressure elevation; normal OCT."} {"question_id": 1030, "question": "Has the patient undergone phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1031, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1032, "question": "Is the patient's vision in the right eye 20/25+?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1033, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1034, "question": "Are the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1035, "question": "Does the patient experience dry eye symptoms more in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1036, "question": "Is there a plan to monitor the cataract in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08531.jpg", "report": "Patient post-phaco/iol surgery in left eye, has cataract in right eye with 20/25+ vision. No glaucoma detected, normal HVF & OCT. Experiences dry eye symptoms more in left eye. Plan to monitor right eye cataract."} {"question_id": 1037, "question": "Does the patient have elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1038, "question": "Does the patient have thin optical coherence tomography findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1039, "question": "Is the patient currently using Travatan for potential glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1040, "question": "Has the patient been referred to a glaucoma specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1041, "question": "Does the patient also have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08542.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old female patient has elevated intraocular pressure in left eye and thin optical coherence tomography. She's on Travatan for potential glaucoma and is referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1042, "question": "Has Gertrude Gallagher been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08546.jpg", "report": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled."} {"question_id": 1043, "question": "Does Gertrude Gallagher have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08546.jpg", "report": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled."} {"question_id": 1044, "question": "Does Gertrude Gallagher have dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08546.jpg", "report": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled."} {"question_id": 1045, "question": "Are Gertrude Gallagher's blood glucose and pressure being controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08546.jpg", "report": "Gertrude Gallagher, 78 years old, has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. She also has cataract in both eyes and dermatochalasis. Her blood glucose and pressure are being controlled."} {"question_id": 1046, "question": "Has the patient undergone eye surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1047, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1048, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1049, "question": "Does the patient have non-ischemic cardiomyopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1050, "question": "Does the patient have mild posterior capsule opacification (PCO)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1051, "question": "Is there an observation of an oily tear film in the patient's eye exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1052, "question": "Is there an increased cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio noted in the patient's eye exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1053, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08552.jpg", "report": "79 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoes eye surgery. Has mild pco, oily tear film and increased c/d, but no glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1054, "question": "Is the patient being monitored for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1055, "question": "Is the patient currently on Latanoprost and Timolol for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1056, "question": "Does the patient have a mild cataract in at least one eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1057, "question": "Is the mild cataract causing symptoms in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1058, "question": "Has the patient had a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (mmc) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1059, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure stable in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08554.jpg", "report": "Mid-teens patient being monitored for glaucoma. On Latanoprost and Timolol. Cataract is mild but causing symptoms, especially in left eye. Had trabeculectomy/mmc in right eye. Intraocular pressure stable in both eyes."} {"question_id": 1060, "question": "Did the patient have normal opening pressure in their recent lumbar puncture (lp)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1061, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with choroidal plexus carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1062, "question": "Is the patient currently receiving chemotherapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1063, "question": "Does the patient exhibit left homonymous hemianopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1064, "question": "Is there evidence of papilledema in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1065, "question": "Does the patient have left complete third cranial nerve palsy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1066, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08557.jpg", "report": "Patient had normal opening pressure in recent lp. Has choroidal plexus carcinoma, now on chemo, and left homonymous hemianopia. Exhibits papilledema and left complete third cranial nerve palsy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1067, "question": "Did the patient experience right V1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1068, "question": "Was the patient treated with valtrex for the zoster infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1069, "question": "Was there any corneal or retinal involvement due to the zoster infection?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1070, "question": "Has the patient undergone complex cataract surgery in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1071, "question": "Did the patient experience an infection following the cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1072, "question": "Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1073, "question": "Was the patient initially treated with timolol for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1074, "question": "Did the patient switch from timolol to latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1075, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure improved since switching to latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08564.jpg", "report": "66 y.o. had right v1 zoster with postherpetic neuralgia, treated with valtrex. No corneal or retinal involvement. Prior complex cataract surgery, had infection. Now glaucoma suspect; switched from timolol to latanoprost, with improved intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 1076, "question": "Does the fundus image suggest a likely left optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended."} {"question_id": 1077, "question": "Could the potential causes of the optic neuropathy include traumatic optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended."} {"question_id": 1078, "question": "Is a compressive cause also a potential reason for the left optic neuropathy indicated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended."} {"question_id": 1079, "question": "Is there a specific mention of glaucoma in the summary for the left eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended."} {"question_id": 1080, "question": "Has an MRI been recommended for further evaluation of the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08565.jpg", "report": "The note suggests a likely left optic neuropathy, with potential causes including traumatic optic neuropathy or a compressive cause. No specific mention of glaucoma. MRI recommended."} {"question_id": 1081, "question": "Is the patient currently under treatment to maintain an intraocular pressure of 13 mmHg or less in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08566.jpg", "report": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 1082, "question": "Are latanoprost and brimonidine medications used in the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08566.jpg", "report": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 1083, "question": "Is selective laser trabeculoplasty being considered as a future treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08566.jpg", "report": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 1084, "question": "Has glaucoma been confirmed in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08566.jpg", "report": "The patient is under treatment for maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes at 13 mmhg or less. Medications used include latanoprost and brimonidine. Consideration for future use of selective laser trabeculoplasty. Glaucoma not confirmed."} {"question_id": 1085, "question": "Does the patient have type II diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1086, "question": "Is there a mild cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1087, "question": "Has cornea guttata been diagnosed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1088, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1089, "question": "Is there any evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1090, "question": "Is the glaucoma suspect status of the patient stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1091, "question": "Is the glaucoma suspect status attributed to corneal asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08567.jpg", "report": "Female patient presents for follow-up of type II diabetes, mild cataract, cornea guttata, and is a glaucoma suspect. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Stable glaucoma suspect based on corneal asymmetry.\n"} {"question_id": 1092, "question": "Does the patient have Susac syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1093, "question": "Is the patient's condition currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1094, "question": "Is the patient currently on immunosuppressive therapy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1095, "question": "Is the patient at risk for seizures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1096, "question": "Is the patient being treated with Trileptal for seizure management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1097, "question": "Does the intraocular pressure exceed the target goal in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1098, "question": "Is the patient currently off all glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1099, "question": "Was the importance of medication adherence discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08569.jpg", "report": "Patient with Susac syndrome, stable, not immunosuppressed. Risk of seizures, on Trileptal. Intraocular pressure exceeds goal in both eyes, off glaucoma meds. Discussed adherence to meds."} {"question_id": 1100, "question": "Does the patient have giant cell arteritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1101, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1102, "question": "Is the right eye considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1103, "question": "Is there a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1104, "question": "Has the doctor planned steroid treatment for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1105, "question": "Has the doctor recommended vaccinations for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08570.jpg", "report": "The patient has giant cell arteritis, not glaucoma. The right eye is stable while there's a segmentation error in the left eye's ganglion cell complex measurement. The doctor plans steroid treatment and recommended vaccinations."} {"question_id": 1106, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1107, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure 38 in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1108, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure 44 in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1109, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness 537 micrometers in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1110, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness 584 micrometers in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1111, "question": "Does the left eye show early signs of glaucoma damage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1112, "question": "Is the new treatment plan to include latanoprost and cosopt for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1113, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08572.jpg", "report": "Patient, diagnosed with ocular hypertension both eyes, exhibits intraocular pressure of 38 (right eye) and 44 (left eye). Central corneal thickness is 537 (right) and 584 (left). Left eye shows early glaucoma damage. New plan includes latanoprost and cosopt. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1114, "question": "Does the patient have a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1115, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1116, "question": "Is the patient currently under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1117, "question": "Is open angle glaucoma suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1118, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1119, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1120, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08575.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of femoral artery synovial cell sarcoma and intracranial avm. The patient is under follow-up for glaucoma suspect testing with open angle glaucoma suspected. They also have dry eyes, MGD/blepharitis, and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1121, "question": "Does the patient exhibit a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments."} {"question_id": 1122, "question": "Is primary open-angle glaucoma suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments."} {"question_id": 1123, "question": "Is hyperthyroidism observed in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments."} {"question_id": 1124, "question": "Does the patient have thyroid eye disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments."} {"question_id": 1125, "question": "Is the treatment plan to start timolol gel for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08581.jpg", "report": "Patient shows large c/d ratio; possible primary open angle glaucoma suspected. Also, hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease observed. Plan: start timolol gel treatments."} {"question_id": 1126, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypercholesterolemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1127, "question": "Does the patient have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1128, "question": "Has the patient experienced migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1129, "question": "Is GERD a condition that the patient has been diagnosed with?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1130, "question": "Does the patient have osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1131, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1132, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1133, "question": "Has the patient recently undergone laser retinopexy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1134, "question": "Are there any new retinal breaks detected in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1135, "question": "Are the patient's cataracts considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1136, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1137, "question": "Is the patient considered to be at low risk for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08590.jpg", "report": "71 y.o. patient with history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, migraine, GERD, osteoporosis, presbyopia and dry eye. Recent laser retinopexy; no new breaks. Cataracts stable. No family history of glaucoma; low risk."} {"question_id": 1138, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed."} {"question_id": 1139, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with early-stage cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed."} {"question_id": 1140, "question": "Does the patient have a confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed."} {"question_id": 1141, "question": "Does the patient achieve normal vision with the aid of glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed."} {"question_id": 1142, "question": "Is the patient's treatment plan to continue with current management and observation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08592.jpg", "report": "The 67-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension and early cataracts, but no glaucoma. Her vision is suboptimal but normal when wearing glasses. She is to be continued treatment and observed."} {"question_id": 1143, "question": "Does the patient have myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1144, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with mild astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1145, "question": "Does the patient have presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1146, "question": "Has the patient been advised to wear glasses for near reading?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1147, "question": "Does the patient have a history of wearing scleral lenses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1148, "question": "Is the patient currently interested in wearing scleral lenses?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1149, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08593.jpg", "report": "53 yro male with myopia, mild astigmatism, and presbyopia. Discussed glasses for near reading. Has history of scleral lens wearing; now not interested. Glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio."} {"question_id": 1150, "question": "Has the patient undergone phaco/pciol surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1151, "question": "Is the patient's recovery from the surgery considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1152, "question": "Does the patient have stable amblyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1153, "question": "Does the patient exhibit esotropia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1154, "question": "Is the ptosis observed in the patient's eye mild?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1155, "question": "Is the ptosis also described as stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1156, "question": "Is the patient experiencing itching in their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1157, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1158, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures in the patient's eyes currently normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1159, "question": "Does the patient have thin corneas?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1160, "question": "Are the visual field tests results for the patient reassuring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1161, "question": "Does the OCT imaging show slight thinning in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08595.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of phaco/pciol surgery and shows stable recovery. Also displays stable amblyopia and esotropia, mild and stable ptosis, and itching. Suspect for glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, but pressures are normal, thin corneas and visual field tests are reassuring. OCT shows slight thinning OD."} {"question_id": 1162, "question": "Does the patient have mixed mechanism glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1163, "question": "Is the glaucoma possibly related to an ocular vascular event?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1164, "question": "Has the patient undergone trabeculectomy surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1165, "question": "Has the patient undergone phaco-trabectome surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1166, "question": "Are there recurrent choroidal effusions present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1167, "question": "Is the patient using Valtrex for maintaining stable vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1168, "question": "Is the goal to keep the patient's intraocular pressure in the low teens?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1169, "question": "Is the patient hesitant about undergoing further surgery due to age?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1170, "question": "Are anti-VEGF injections being used to treat macular edema in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1171, "question": "Has the patient's visual field remained stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08598.jpg", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, possibly related to an ocular vascular event. They have undergone multiple surgeries, including trabeculectomy and phaco-trabectome. There are recurrent choroidal effusions, and the patient uses Valtrex for stable vision. The intraocular pressure is aimed to be kept in low teens. The patient is hesitant about further surgery due to age. Anti-VEGF injections are used for macular edema. Their visual field remains stable."} {"question_id": 1172, "question": "Does the patient exhibit cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1173, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1174, "question": "Are the patient's visual field and OCT results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1175, "question": "Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1176, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1177, "question": "Is there a presence of a pituitary adenoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08599.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes but low intraocular pressure along with normal visual field and OCT. Also has nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes. Presence of pituitary adenoma."} {"question_id": 1178, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08600.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications."} {"question_id": 1179, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08600.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications."} {"question_id": 1180, "question": "Is the patient incorporating lid wipes into her treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08600.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications."} {"question_id": 1181, "question": "Is the patient considering switching medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08600.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Continues latanoprost with lid wipe use. Potential switch of medications."} {"question_id": 1182, "question": "Does the patient have vitreous syneresis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1183, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with both myopia and presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1184, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1185, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1186, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1187, "question": "Are the ocular angles of the patient's eyes open?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1188, "question": "Does the left eye show inferior arc deficits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1189, "question": "Is retinal thinning observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08602.jpg", "report": "47-year-old male with vitreous syneresis, myopia/presbyopia, dry eyes, and suspected glaucoma. No family history of glaucoma, open ocular angles, inferior arc deficits in left eye, and retinal thinning observed."} {"question_id": 1190, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1191, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1192, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1193, "question": "Has an OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) of the optic nerve been recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1194, "question": "Is an MRI of the orbits with contrast also recommended for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1195, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08603.jpg", "report": "Patient has cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Oct optic nerve and MRI orbits with contrast recommended. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1196, "question": "Does the patient show signs of possible glaucoma based on increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history."} {"question_id": 1197, "question": "Are the pachymetry results for the patient within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history."} {"question_id": 1198, "question": "Is the optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the patient normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history."} {"question_id": 1199, "question": "Are the visual field tests for the patient normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history."} {"question_id": 1200, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08607.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of possible glaucoma (increased cup/disc), but tests such as pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are normal. No family glaucoma history."} {"question_id": 1201, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1202, "question": "Is the patient currently on latanoprost and timolol for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1203, "question": "Was the patient's medication dosage changed to evening administration due to unreliable morning administration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1204, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in at least one eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1205, "question": "Is the epiretinal membrane found in the patient's left eye considered visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1206, "question": "Has the patient had a peripheral retinal tear that was surgically repaired?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08608.jpg", "report": "58-year-old male patient with glaucoma in both eyes. Currently on latanoprost and timolol, returned to evening dosage due to unreliable morning administration. Also has cataracts and an epiretinal membrane in the left eye, both visually insignificant, and a repaired peripheral retinal tear."} {"question_id": 1207, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for baerveldt tube surgery on the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08609.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo baerveldt tube surgery on left eye, handled by PERSON at LOCATION. Diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma. No blood thinners used."} {"question_id": 1208, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of severe primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08609.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo baerveldt tube surgery on left eye, handled by PERSON at LOCATION. Diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma. No blood thinners used."} {"question_id": 1209, "question": "Is the patient currently using any blood thinners?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08609.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo baerveldt tube surgery on left eye, handled by PERSON at LOCATION. Diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma. No blood thinners used."} {"question_id": 1210, "question": "Does the patient's right optic nerve head possibly show shunted venous blood flow?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08613.jpg", "report": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1211, "question": "Has the patient undergone clipping of a supraclinoid aneurysm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08613.jpg", "report": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1212, "question": "Is there a choroidal nevus present in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08613.jpg", "report": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1213, "question": "Is glaucoma specifically mentioned in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08613.jpg", "report": "The patient's right optic nerve head may display shunted venous blood flow. They've had a supraclinoid aneurysm clipped, and a choroidal nevus OD. Glaucoma isn't directly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1214, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1215, "question": "Are the patient's fixation losses borderline high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1216, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure possibly within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1217, "question": "Are there early signs of cataracts in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1218, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1219, "question": "Is a follow-up recommended for the patient within 6-9 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08617.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 58 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and borderline high fixation losses. However, intraocular pressure is possibly within normal limits. There are also early signs of cataracts and refractive error. Follow-up recommended in 6-9 months."} {"question_id": 1220, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08618.jpg", "report": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment."} {"question_id": 1221, "question": "Does the fundus image show thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08618.jpg", "report": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment."} {"question_id": 1222, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma reported for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08618.jpg", "report": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment."} {"question_id": 1223, "question": "Will the patient be monitored without any treatment for now?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08618.jpg", "report": "A 62 y.o female is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The retinal nerve fiber layer doesn't exhibit thinning. No family history of glaucoma. She will continue to be monitored without treatment."} {"question_id": 1224, "question": "Has the patient been approved for weight lifting activities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1225, "question": "Is the target intraocular pressure for both eyes 20 mmHg or less?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1226, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed Cosopt to be taken twice a day for the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1227, "question": "Has the patient been advised to continue their current medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1228, "question": "Should the patient use artificial tears as needed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1229, "question": "Is a follow-up with the doctor recommended for retina and trauma care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1230, "question": "If the OCT results worsen, may the patient need to aim for a lower intraocular pressure target and add Brimonidine to their treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08621.jpg", "report": "Patient approved for weight lifting. Target intraocular pressure <= 20 mmhg for both eyes. On dated Cosopt BID OS, which they should continue. Advised to follow medication regimen, use artificial tears as needed, and follow up with Dr. for retina and trauma care. May need lower pressure target and Brimonidine addition if OCT worsens."} {"question_id": 1231, "question": "Has the patient previously had a corneal ulcer in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation."} {"question_id": 1232, "question": "Does the patient have a non-visually significant cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation."} {"question_id": 1233, "question": "Are there retinal issues present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation."} {"question_id": 1234, "question": "Is there a possible presence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation."} {"question_id": 1235, "question": "Are prior test results necessary to confirm the diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08624.jpg", "report": "The patient is doing well, with a history of a corneal ulcer in the left eye, non-visually significant cataract, and retinal issues. Possible presence of glaucoma, though prior test results are needed for confirmation."} {"question_id": 1236, "question": "Does the patient have a history of diabetes with retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1237, "question": "Is the patient's vision 20/20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1238, "question": "Are the patient's optic nerves described as sharp?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1239, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma for the patient at the time of the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1240, "question": "Is glaucoma testing planned for the patient's next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1241, "question": "Does the patient have a large cup-to-disc ratio with superior thinning of the rims?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1242, "question": "Has the patient experienced a recent stroke?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1243, "question": "Is there a history of a brain tumor in the patient's medical background?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08625.jpg", "report": "The patient, a diabetic female, has a history including brain tumor, diabetes with retinopathy, and a recent stroke. Her vision is 20/20 and optic nerves are sharp. No glaucoma is present, but due to large c/d with superior thinning of rims, glaucoma testing is planned next visit."} {"question_id": 1244, "question": "Does the patient have end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops."} {"question_id": 1245, "question": "Is the left eye diagnosed with moderate-severe chronic angle closure glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops."} {"question_id": 1246, "question": "Was the intraocular pressure in the left eye measured at 10.7?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops."} {"question_id": 1247, "question": "Does the patient struggle with attending follow-up appointments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops."} {"question_id": 1248, "question": "Does the patient have difficulty adhering to the prescribed regimen of eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08627.jpg", "report": "The patient has end-stage chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) in right eye and moderate-severe CACG in left eye. Left eye pressure measured 10.7. He struggles with follow-up and taking drops."} {"question_id": 1249, "question": "Does the patient have 20/20 vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1250, "question": "Does the patient have normal color vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1251, "question": "Is there optic nerve compression in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1252, "question": "Is the optic nerve compression caused by a sphenoid meningioma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1253, "question": "Are there signs of thyroid eye disease in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1254, "question": "Is the thyroid eye disease potentially related to a history of Hashimoto's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1255, "question": "Is surgery planned for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1256, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08628.jpg", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision with normal color vision. Noted to have optic nerve compression in right eye, caused by a sphenoid meningioma. Also shows signs of thyroid eye disease, potentially related to Hashimoto's disease history. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1257, "question": "Does the patient experience blurry vision in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1258, "question": "Is there mild disc edema present bilaterally in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1259, "question": "Is the concern of increased intracranial pressure related to the findings in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1260, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in either of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1261, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraine headaches?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1262, "question": "Are anti-cholinergic side effects suspected to be due to psychiatric medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08629.jpg", "report": "The patient has blurry vision in both eyes and mild disc edema bilaterally, raising concern for increased intracranial pressure. Yet, no glaucoma is detected. She has migraine headaches and possibly anti-cholinergic side effects of psychiatric meds."} {"question_id": 1263, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected due to an increased cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio observed in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08630.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history."} {"question_id": 1264, "question": "Are the angles currently open in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08630.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history."} {"question_id": 1265, "question": "Has the underlying issue that could contribute to the narrow angles been addressed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08630.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history."} {"question_id": 1266, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08630.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma is suspected after observing an increased c:d ratio, this could be from narrow angles though they are currently open and underlying issue has been addressed. No glaucoma in family history."} {"question_id": 1267, "question": "Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1268, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with Diamox?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1269, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with an afferent pupillary defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1270, "question": "Does the patient have a visual field defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1271, "question": "Is there a macular lesion present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1272, "question": "Is glaucoma a condition currently identified in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08631.jpg", "report": "Patient with membranous nephropathy and idiopathic intracranial hypertension doing well on Diamox. New findings include afferent pupillary defect, visual field defect, and a macular lesion. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1273, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1274, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1275, "question": "Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1276, "question": "Is there any compromise of the visual field noted in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1277, "question": "Does the patient have a history of an orbital fracture?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1278, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08632.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty. There's no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and no visual field compromise. Also noted is a past orbital fracture. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1279, "question": "Does the patient have asymptomatic glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08633.jpg", "report": "The patient has asymptomatic glaucoma, currently managed by a regimen of various medications. However, due to the extensive treatment, tube shunt surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 1280, "question": "Is the patient currently being managed with a regimen of various medications for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08633.jpg", "report": "The patient has asymptomatic glaucoma, currently managed by a regimen of various medications. However, due to the extensive treatment, tube shunt surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 1281, "question": "Is tube shunt surgery recommended for this patient due to extensive treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08633.jpg", "report": "The patient has asymptomatic glaucoma, currently managed by a regimen of various medications. However, due to the extensive treatment, tube shunt surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 1282, "question": "Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1283, "question": "Is there evidence of mild retinopathy in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1284, "question": "Can macular edema be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1285, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1286, "question": "Is the patient suffering from chronic sinusitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1287, "question": "Has nonalcoholic fatty liver disease been diagnosed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1288, "question": "Is the patient overweight?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1289, "question": "Does the patient have back pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1290, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08634.jpg", "report": "Patient with type 2 diabetes, mild retinopathy, macular edema, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, overweight, back pain. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1291, "question": "Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08637.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression."} {"question_id": 1292, "question": "Is there evidence of worsening ocular hypertension in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08637.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression."} {"question_id": 1293, "question": "Does the patient have existing optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08637.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression."} {"question_id": 1294, "question": "Was IOP-lowering therapy recommended for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08637.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male presents with, most notably, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye, with worsening ocular hypertension. This is compounded by his existing optic neuropathy. IOP-lowering therapy was recommended for both eyes, due to the condition's progression."} {"question_id": 1295, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08638.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient has been consulted and coordinated for care."} {"question_id": 1296, "question": "Has the patient been consulted and coordinated for care regarding his eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08638.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient has been consulted and coordinated for care."} {"question_id": 1297, "question": "Does the patient have a history of bronchiectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1298, "question": "Is osteoporosis one of the patient's ailments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1299, "question": "Were the patient's blurred lines resolved with refraction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1300, "question": "Is astigmatism likely the cause of the patient's blurred lines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1301, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1302, "question": "Has the patient undergone strabismus surgery in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1303, "question": "Is the patient awaiting to start treatment with ethambutol again?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1304, "question": "Are there signs of optic neuropathy in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1305, "question": "Are there any signs of macular disturbance in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1306, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08646.jpg", "report": "78-year-old patient with history of ailments including bronchiectasis and osteoporosis. Notes blurred lines resolved with refraction, likely due to astigmatism. Also has cataracts and had strabismus surgery in the past. Awaiting to start ethambutol again. No signs of optic neuropathy or macular disturbance; no signs of glaucoma observed."} {"question_id": 1307, "question": "Does the patient have a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details."} {"question_id": 1308, "question": "Is the goal intraocular pressure set at 14 mmHg for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details."} {"question_id": 1309, "question": "Was the patient's intraocular pressure above the goal on the specified date?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details."} {"question_id": 1310, "question": "Did the optical coherence tomography (OCT) results worsen on the specified date?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details."} {"question_id": 1311, "question": "Is glaucoma suggested by the patient's medication regimen and intraocular pressure details?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08647.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of cva and the goal intraocular pressure is 14 mmhg in both eyes. Pressure was above goal on DATE_TIME. Oct worsened on DATE_TIME. Glaucoma hinted by medication regimen and intraocular pressure details."} {"question_id": 1312, "question": "Was the patient suspected of having glaucoma upon visiting Dr. PERSON?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08648.jpg", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 1313, "question": "Was the suspicion for glaucoma considered to be low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08648.jpg", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 1314, "question": "Were the eye tests including corneal hysteresis, optic nerve examination, visual fields, and gonioscopy normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08648.jpg", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 1315, "question": "Was there any evidence of glaucoma found in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08648.jpg", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON, suspected of glaucoma but with low suspicion. Eye tests (corneal hysteresis, optic nerve, visual fields, gonioscopy) were normal. No evidence of Glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 1316, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 1317, "question": "Are both race and family history contributing factors to the suspicion of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 1318, "question": "Is retinal nerve fiber layer thinning present in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 1319, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 1320, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with Latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08652.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Factors include race and family history. Notable findings include retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and high intraocular pressure. The patient is on Latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 1321, "question": "Does the patient have severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08654.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed."} {"question_id": 1322, "question": "Is trabeculectomy recommended for the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08654.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed."} {"question_id": 1323, "question": "Has cyclophotocoagulation been suggested as a repeat procedure for the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08654.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed."} {"question_id": 1324, "question": "Were the risks and benefits of the procedures discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08654.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma with high intraocular pressure. Recommend trabeculectomy for left eye and possibly repeat cyclophotocoagulation for right. Risks and benefits discussed."} {"question_id": 1325, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1326, "question": "Are the symptoms of glaucoma more severe in the patient's right eye compared to the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1327, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1328, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1329, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return for a future check-up?\n", "answer": "Yes. ", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1330, "question": "Are the glaucoma symptoms in the left eye considered moderate?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1331, "question": "Does the patient have severe stage glaucoma in either eye?\n", "answer": "No. ", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1332, "question": "Is the patient a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No, the summary does not specify that the condition is newly diagnosed. ", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1333, "question": "Has the patient had surgery for either the glaucoma or the cataracts?\n", "answer": "No, there is no mention of previous surgery in the summary. ", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1334, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma currently uncontrolled?\n", "answer": "No, the summary indicates that the intraocular pressure is stable.", "image": "slo_fundus_08659.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with primary open angle glaucoma. She displays moderate symptoms in the right eye and mild in the left. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a cataract in both eyes and will return later on for a check-up."} {"question_id": 1335, "question": "Has the patient undergone phacoemulsification surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan."} {"question_id": 1336, "question": "Is the patient showing signs of ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan."} {"question_id": 1337, "question": "Is the patient considered a potential glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan."} {"question_id": 1338, "question": "Does the patient have normal ocular health on most measures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan."} {"question_id": 1339, "question": "Is the patient responding well to Lumigan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08660.jpg", "report": "75-year-old male with a history of phacoemulsification surgery showing ocular hypertension, a potential glaucoma suspect. He has normal ocular health on most measures, and is responding well to Lumigan."} {"question_id": 1340, "question": "Is the patient currently being monitored without any glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08663.jpg", "report": "The patient is closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They discussed the potential for phaco/ecp surgery due to visually significant cataracts. The patient decided to defer the surgery."} {"question_id": 1341, "question": "Has phaco/ecp surgery been discussed as an option for this patient due to visually significant cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08663.jpg", "report": "The patient is closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They discussed the potential for phaco/ecp surgery due to visually significant cataracts. The patient decided to defer the surgery."} {"question_id": 1342, "question": "Has the patient chosen to defer the recommended phaco/ecp surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08663.jpg", "report": "The patient is closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They discussed the potential for phaco/ecp surgery due to visually significant cataracts. The patient decided to defer the surgery."} {"question_id": 1343, "question": "Does the patient exhibit cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08664.jpg", "report": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses."} {"question_id": 1344, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures considered borderline for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08664.jpg", "report": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses."} {"question_id": 1345, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08664.jpg", "report": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses."} {"question_id": 1346, "question": "Is the current plan to prescribe glasses for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08664.jpg", "report": "48 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis but has cupping, borderline pressures OU. Plan: prescription for glasses."} {"question_id": 1347, "question": "Does the patient have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1348, "question": "Is the patient currently considered low risk for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1349, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1350, "question": "Has a cataract been diagnosed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1351, "question": "Is the cataract visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1352, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08666.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but appears low risk currently. Also has posterior vitreous detachment, cataract (not visually significant), and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1353, "question": "Does the patient have a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1354, "question": "Has there been progressive nerve fiber layer thinning observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1355, "question": "Is alcohol optic neuropathy considered as an alternate diagnosis for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1356, "question": "Has the patient undergone successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1357, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1358, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a medial canthal cyst in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08668.jpg", "report": "The 45-year-old male patient has a likely diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes, with progressive nerve fiber layer thinning. An alternate diagnosis could be alcohol optic neuropathy. Patient had a successful selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes. He also has dry eye syndrome and a history of a medial canthal cyst in his left eye."} {"question_id": 1359, "question": "Has the cataract in the patient's right eye slightly worsened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08669.jpg", "report": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 1360, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08669.jpg", "report": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 1361, "question": "Is there a small area of atrophy present in the patient's retina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08669.jpg", "report": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 1362, "question": "Does the patient suffer from seasonal allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08669.jpg", "report": "The note reports a 77-year-old woman with slightly worsened cataract in her right eye and suspected open-angle glaucoma. Additionally, she has a small area of atrophy in her retina and seasonal allergies."} {"question_id": 1363, "question": "Can the presence or absence of glaucoma be determined from the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08674.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1364, "question": "Does the clinical note include specific details about the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08674.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1365, "question": "Is there information about the patient's intraocular pressure in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08674.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1366, "question": "Are there any details regarding the patient's optic nerve health in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08674.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1367, "question": "Does the summary indicate that the patient has conditions that pose a risk to their vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1368, "question": "Has the patient been described as having a high risk of morbidity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1369, "question": "Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1370, "question": "Does the summary suggest that the patient's condition poses a risk to neurological function as well as vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1371, "question": "Were test results and external documents reviewed for this patient's case?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1372, "question": "Did the summary include discussions with a named individual?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08675.jpg", "report": "The note describes a patient with acute/chronic conditions posing a risk to vision/neurological function. This includes reviewing test results and external documents, test interpretation, and discussions with an unnamed person. The patient has high risk of morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1373, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to a cup-to-disc ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1374, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes (ou)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1375, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and blepharitis for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1376, "question": "Are there choroidal folds present in the right eye (od)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1377, "question": "Has retinoschisis been identified in the left eye (os)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1378, "question": "Does the patient have a new lesion on the lower left eyelid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1379, "question": "Does the patient have a history of keratoconus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1380, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with skin cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1381, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with endometrial cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1382, "question": "Does the patient suffer from eczema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08682.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 72-year-old woman with a history of several conditions including eczema, endometrial cancer, keratoconus, and skin cancer. She is a glaucoma suspect due to a c/d ratio and retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thinning. Other conditions include cataract ou, mgd/blepharitis, choroidal folds od, retinoschisis os and a new lower left lid lesion."} {"question_id": 1383, "question": "Does the patient display any signs or diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08686.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 70-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who displays no signs or diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1384, "question": "Has the patient been recently diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08693.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy."} {"question_id": 1385, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08693.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy."} {"question_id": 1386, "question": "Did the recent examination show signs of glaucoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08693.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy."} {"question_id": 1387, "question": "Is the current plan to monitor the patient's condition without therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08693.jpg", "report": "Patient seeking second opinion on new glaucoma diagnosis. Has family history of glaucoma, but showed no signs in the recent examination. Plan is to monitor without therapy."} {"question_id": 1388, "question": "Does the patient have both a cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1389, "question": "Has the cataract surgery been deferred for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1390, "question": "Was the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma made by Dr. PERSON?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1391, "question": "Is there noted possible superior thinning of the optic nerve in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1392, "question": "Could the superior thinning of the optic nerve potentially lead to irreversible vision loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1393, "question": "Are there any retinal tears or detachment observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08696.jpg", "report": "The patient has a cataract and glaucoma (POAG diagnosed by Dr. PERSON). Surgery for cataract deferred for now. Noted possible superior thinning of optic nerve which could lead to irreversible vision loss due to glaucoma. No retinal tears/detachment."} {"question_id": 1394, "question": "Does the patient have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08700.jpg", "report": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye."} {"question_id": 1395, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08700.jpg", "report": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye."} {"question_id": 1396, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08700.jpg", "report": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye."} {"question_id": 1397, "question": "Is the cup/disc asymmetry greater in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08700.jpg", "report": "Patient had a follow-up eye exam. Key findings include mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes and post-op cataract surgery in the right eye. Patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry in left > right eye."} {"question_id": 1398, "question": "Does the clinical note indicate a specific diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08704.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects."} {"question_id": 1399, "question": "Is there a mention of a moderate risk of morbidity in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08704.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects."} {"question_id": 1400, "question": "Are there specific details on the patient's overall health status provided in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08704.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects."} {"question_id": 1401, "question": "Does the clinical note discuss aspects of treatment and management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08704.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details on the patient's health status or mention the presence of glaucoma. It refers to moderate risk of morbidity related to treatment and management aspects."} {"question_id": 1402, "question": "Is the patient's goal intraocular pressure set at 17 mmHg for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08706.jpg", "report": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed."} {"question_id": 1403, "question": "Is the patient currently taking any glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08706.jpg", "report": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed."} {"question_id": 1404, "question": "Does the patient use preservative-free artificial tears?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08706.jpg", "report": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed."} {"question_id": 1405, "question": "Are the preservative-free artificial tears used regularly on a schedule?\n", "answer": "No. (The summary indicates they are used \"as needed.\")", "image": "slo_fundus_08706.jpg", "report": "Patient has a goal intraocular pressure of 17 mmhg in both eyes, currently off glaucoma medications. Preservative-free artificial tears used as needed."} {"question_id": 1406, "question": "Has the patient's vision improved to 20/30 from a previous hand motion visual acuity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1407, "question": "Does the automated perimetry indicate field loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1408, "question": "Has the optic nerve head become pale?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1409, "question": "Has the patient recovered from an optic neuritis attack?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1410, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08708.jpg", "report": "Patient's vision improved to 20/30 from previous hand motion. Automated perimetry shows field loss. Optic nerve head became pale. Patient has recovered from optic neuritis attack. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1411, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1412, "question": "Did the patient contract viral conjunctivitis after returning from a cruise?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1413, "question": "Does the patient's mother have a history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1414, "question": "Is the patient currently showing signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1415, "question": "Does the patient also have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1416, "question": "Is dry eye among the patient's diagnosed conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1417, "question": "Have the patient's symptoms improved after using a hairdryer 4 times a week?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1418, "question": "Did the patient's mother pass away in the year 2013?\n", "answer": "Yes. ", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1419, "question": "Is the patient currently experiencing sciatica?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08715.jpg", "report": "The 69-year-old patient, with a history of hypertension and sciatica, returned from a cruise with viral conjunctivitis. Her mother, a former glaucoma patient, passed away in 2013. The patient displays signs of glaucoma, cataract, and dry eyes, but symptoms have improved after using a hairdryer 4x/week."} {"question_id": 1420, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08718.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 69-year-old non-Hispanic white female. She does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1421, "question": "Is the patient a non-Hispanic white female?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08718.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 69-year-old non-Hispanic white female. She does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1422, "question": "Does the patient have a limitation in the superior visual field in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08719.jpg", "report": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations."} {"question_id": 1423, "question": "Is the patient's visual field limitation indicative of possible glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08719.jpg", "report": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations."} {"question_id": 1424, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for strabismus surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08719.jpg", "report": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations."} {"question_id": 1425, "question": "Has the patient undergone pre-operative evaluations for the strabismus surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08719.jpg", "report": "Patient has limitation in superior visual field OU 3, indicating possible glaucoma. Scheduled for strabismus surgery and pre-op evaluations."} {"question_id": 1426, "question": "Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1427, "question": "Is the glaucoma more advanced in the patient's left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1428, "question": "Was the patient unaware of the advanced stage of her glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1429, "question": "Is glaucoma surgery being considered as a likely option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1430, "question": "Does the patient have visually significant cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08720.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma, more advanced in the left eye than right. She wasn't aware how advanced her glaucoma was. Glaucoma surgery is likely. She also has visually significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1431, "question": "Does the patient show signs of hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1432, "question": "Is the patient also experiencing presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1433, "question": "Does the patient have a history of narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1434, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1435, "question": "Were the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) and ganglion cell layer (gcl) found to be normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1436, "question": "Does the patient have mild ptosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08721.jpg", "report": "The patient exhibits hyperopia with presbyopia and has a history of narrow angles. However, no glaucoma is present, and normal rnfl & gcl were noted. The patient also has mild ptosis."} {"question_id": 1437, "question": "Does the patient have an increased cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1438, "question": "Is there a corneal scar present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1439, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1440, "question": "Is the patient experiencing partial vision loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1441, "question": "Has the patient been explicitly diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1442, "question": "Does the patient have a history of heart disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1443, "question": "Does the patient have a history of atrial fibrillation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1444, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with severe heart valve regurgitation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1445, "question": "Is there a history of cancer in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08724.jpg", "report": "82yo former construction worker with history of heart disease, atrial fibrillation, severe heart valve regurgitation, cancer, cataract, and partial vision loss. Showed signs of increased c/d ratio, corneal scar. Presence of glaucoma not explicitly mentioned."} {"question_id": 1446, "question": "Does the patient have a right eye pressure of 20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1447, "question": "Is the left eye pressure 21 in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1448, "question": "Does the patient's prescription for eyeglasses include a sphere, cylinder, and axis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1449, "question": "Is the patient taking lisinopril orally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1450, "question": "Is the patient also taking metoprolol succinate orally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1451, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08730.jpg", "report": "The patient has a right eye pressure of 20 and left eye pressure of 21. Their most recent eyeglasses prescription includes a sphere, cylinder, and axis. They are taking lisinopril and metoprolol succinate orally. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1452, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1453, "question": "Do the optic nerve heads appear asymmetrical?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1454, "question": "Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1455, "question": "Is there a refractive error present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1456, "question": "Has the patient experienced a stroke?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08731.jpg", "report": "72-year-old female has had a stroke, no glaucoma visible but her optic nerve heads look asymmetrical. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis and refractive error."} {"question_id": 1457, "question": "Does the patient have a suspected glaucoma due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n"} {"question_id": 1458, "question": "Was the patient previously told he had glaucoma specifically in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n"} {"question_id": 1459, "question": "Is the patient's current intraocular pressure (IOP) within acceptable limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n"} {"question_id": 1460, "question": "Has it been determined that no treatment is needed at this time for the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n"} {"question_id": 1461, "question": "Will the patient's condition be monitored rather than treated immediately?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08733.jpg", "report": "21 y.o male with suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. Previously told he had glaucoma in the right eye. Current IOP is acceptable. No treatment needed - will monitor.\n"} {"question_id": 1462, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1463, "question": "Is the open angle glaucoma more advanced in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1464, "question": "Has the patient shown intolerance to certain glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1465, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1466, "question": "Is latanoprost part of the patient's current treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1467, "question": "Is the patient's visual potential limited due to the glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08734.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma in both eyes due to various mechanisms, with open angle glaucoma worse in left eye. Patient has a history of intolerance to medications and limited visual potential due to glaucoma. Current treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1468, "question": "Is the patient currently classified as a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1469, "question": "Does the optical coherence tomography (OCT) show abnormal contour?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1470, "question": "Are bilateral cataracts present in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1471, "question": "Has the patient undergone macular hole repair?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1472, "question": "Is there 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis evident in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1473, "question": "Has glaucoma been definitively diagnosed in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08738.jpg", "report": "Patient assessed as a glaucoma suspect. Exam shows abnormal contour on OCT, bilateral cataracts, macular hole repair, and 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis. Glaucoma presence undetermined."} {"question_id": 1474, "question": "Does the patient have moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1475, "question": "Is the left eye considered a suspect for primary angle closure glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1476, "question": "Does the OCT-RNFL indicate early thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1477, "question": "Has there been an increase in intraocular pressure in the latest visits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1478, "question": "Is there evidence of OCT progression in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1479, "question": "Is the patient experiencing irritation due to the increased IOP and OCT progression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1480, "question": "Is surgery being considered as a potential treatment for the patient's intraocular pressure management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08742.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and is a suspect for the same in the left eye. OCT-RNFL shows early thinning in the right eye. Latest visits show increased IOP and OCT progression, leading to irritation. Plans include possible surgery for intraocular pressure management."} {"question_id": 1481, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1482, "question": "Is the visual field worse in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1483, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1484, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension (htn)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1485, "question": "Does the patient have a history of allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1486, "question": "Has the patient ever had glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1487, "question": "Is a follow-up appointment planned for the patient within the next 4 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08745.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma, with worse visual field in the left eye. Other eye problems include refractive error. Past history includes htn, allergies. The patient has no record of prior glaucoma or eye surgery. Follow up in 4 months planned."} {"question_id": 1488, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08747.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. There were no pre-visit symptoms or comorbidities present."} {"question_id": 1489, "question": "Were there any pre-visit symptoms related to the eye condition mentioned?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08747.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. There were no pre-visit symptoms or comorbidities present."} {"question_id": 1490, "question": "Are there any comorbidities associated with the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08747.jpg", "report": "The note discusses a 71 y.o. white, Unknown female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. There were no pre-visit symptoms or comorbidities present."} {"question_id": 1491, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular toxoplasmosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic)."} {"question_id": 1492, "question": "Is there any active inflammation or retinitis present in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic)."} {"question_id": 1493, "question": "Does the patient have a chronic retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic)."} {"question_id": 1494, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic)."} {"question_id": 1495, "question": "Is the increased cup-to-disc ratio in the patient's eye possibly physiological?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08750.jpg", "report": "The patient has toxoplasmosis but no active inflammation or retinitis, chronic retinal detachment, and is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio (possibly physiologic)."} {"question_id": 1496, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1497, "question": "Has the patient experienced uveitis in the left eye post-birth?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1498, "question": "Did the uveitis flare up after cataract extraction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1499, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with iritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1500, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1501, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08753.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & experiencing difficulties. Had uveitis in left eye post-birth, flared after cataract extraction. Also has iritis, dry eyes, and epiretinal membrane."} {"question_id": 1502, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1503, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1504, "question": "Does the patient have narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1505, "question": "Does the patient have an anterior clinoid meningioma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1506, "question": "Is there a sphenoid sinus mass present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1507, "question": "Does the patient have a pituitary adenoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1508, "question": "Are there significant field cuts evident in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1509, "question": "Is there any sign of optic nerve head edema in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1510, "question": "Is glaucoma present in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1511, "question": "Does the patient have good glucose control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08755.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract, early AMD, narrow angles, anterior clinoid meningioma, sphenoid sinus mass; pituitary adenoma but no significant field cuts. No evidence of optic nerve head edema or glaucoma. Good glucose control."} {"question_id": 1512, "question": "Is the patient experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot"} {"question_id": 1513, "question": "Has increased treatment been recommended for the patient's ocular surface dryness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot"} {"question_id": 1514, "question": "Does the patient have a history of optic neuritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot"} {"question_id": 1515, "question": "Has optic nerve atrophy been detected in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot"} {"question_id": 1516, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08760.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. woman experiencing eye irritation and burning sensation. Increased treatment recommended for ocular surface dryness. Patient with history of 'optic neuritis'; optic nerve atrophy detected. No Glaucoma. Ot"} {"question_id": 1517, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of intracranial hypertension (IIH)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08761.jpg", "report": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1518, "question": "Are there noted optic nerve anomalies in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08761.jpg", "report": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1519, "question": "Has the patient previously experienced papilledema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08761.jpg", "report": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1520, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08761.jpg", "report": "Female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and neck pain diagnosed with Intracranial hypertension (iih). Noted optic nerve anomalies and previous papilledema. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1521, "question": "Was the patient diagnosed with acute bilateral angle closure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1522, "question": "Is the angle closure considered secondary to topiramate use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1523, "question": "Did an UBM confirm bilateral uveal effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1524, "question": "Was the target intraocular pressure (Tmax) 45 mmHg in one eye and 62 mmHg in the other eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1525, "question": "Are the optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1526, "question": "Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1527, "question": "Does the patient have a medical history of corneal edema related to the angle closure event?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1528, "question": "Was the cessation of topiramate included in the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08763.jpg", "report": "Patient was seen for acute bilateral angle closure, diagnosed as secondary to topiramate use. UBM confirmed bilateral uveal effusions. Target Tmax was 45/62 and optic nerve findings 0.3 in both eyes. No glaucoma procedures done. Other medical history included corneal edema related to angle closure event. Plan included cessation of topiramate."} {"question_id": 1529, "question": "Does the patient have a history of eye injuries?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1530, "question": "Has the patient undergone any eye surgeries?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1531, "question": "Has the patient used steroids in the past?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1532, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1533, "question": "Has the patient discontinued the use of Topamax for epilepsy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1534, "question": "Has glaucoma been diagnosed in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1535, "question": "Is primary angle closure suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08772.jpg", "report": "Patient has no history of eye injuries, surgeries, steroid use, or family history of glaucoma but has discontinued Topamax for epilepsy. Diagnosis of glaucoma discussed, potential primary angle closure suspected."} {"question_id": 1536, "question": "Has the patient undergone Humphrey visual field testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1537, "question": "Has the patient undergone optic nerve testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1538, "question": "Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1539, "question": "Is otosclerosis one of the patient's diagnosed conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1540, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hearing loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1541, "question": "Is there a specific mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08773.jpg", "report": "The patient is being referred to ophthalmology and has undergone Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. They suffer from a hypertensive disorder, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1542, "question": "Does the patient have stable moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1543, "question": "Is there a nasal pterygium present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1544, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1545, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1546, "question": "Can corneal verticillata be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1547, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1548, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08776.jpg", "report": "63 y/o female with stable moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nasal pterygium, cataracts, refractive error, and corneal verticillata. No glaucoma. Using latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1549, "question": "Does the patient have neovascular glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1550, "question": "Is the right eye blind?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1551, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the right eye 50?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1552, "question": "Does the patient have wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1553, "question": "Has the patient shown intolerance to some medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1554, "question": "Is the patient developing a facial rash potentially due to brimonidine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1555, "question": "Is the management plan focused on comfort care for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08777.jpg", "report": "Patient has neovascular glaucoma in the blind right eye with an intraocular pressure of 50. Also has wet AMD. Some medication intolerance noted. Developing facial rash potentially due to brimonidine. Plan is comfort care."} {"question_id": 1556, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08778.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered."} {"question_id": 1557, "question": "Is the patient currently on 4 different agents to manage glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08778.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered."} {"question_id": 1558, "question": "Have both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08778.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered."} {"question_id": 1559, "question": "Is a future YAG capsulotomy being considered for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08778.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) persistently above target, despite being on 4 agents. Both eyes received NRP NRP gel stents to control IOP. Future YAG capsulotomy considered."} {"question_id": 1560, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a yag capsulotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1561, "question": "Is the yag capsulotomy planned for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1562, "question": "Does the patient have posterior capsule opacification?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1563, "question": "Does the patient experience dry eye symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1564, "question": "Is there an increased cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio observed in the patient's eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1565, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have an undiagnosed case of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1566, "question": "Is latanoprost one of the medications prescribed to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08781.jpg", "report": "83-year-old male scheduled for yag capsulotomy due to a posterior capsule opacification on the left. He experiences dry eye symptoms, in addition to increased c/d ratio and a suspected undiagnosed case of glaucoma. His medication includes latanoprost."} {"question_id": 1567, "question": "Is the patient currently on glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1568, "question": "Has the patient undergone a laser treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1569, "question": "Was the laser treatment deemed successful?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1570, "question": "Is the left eye considered more worrisome than the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1571, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1572, "question": "Are there early signs of glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1573, "question": "Are dorzolamide and latanoprost the medications the patient is using for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08783.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma medication (dorzolamide and latanoprost), exhibiting signs of disease. Post-op from successful laser treatment. Left eye more worrisome, with refractive error and early signs in right eye."} {"question_id": 1574, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1575, "question": "Is the patient using latanoprost as part of their glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1576, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed rhopressa for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1577, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser treatment on the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1578, "question": "Was the maximum recorded intraocular pressure for the patient 27 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1579, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08787.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. Medications include latanoprost, rhopressa. Procedures included selective laser on left eye. Maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mmHg. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1580, "question": "Does the patient have bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lenses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1581, "question": "Has the patient experienced posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1582, "question": "Are there minimal macular changes present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1583, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1584, "question": "Does the vision correct to 20/70 in one of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1585, "question": "Does the vision correct to 20/80 in one of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1586, "question": "Is there temporal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1587, "question": "Is the temporal RNFL thinning greater in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1588, "question": "Is optic neuropathy a consideration for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1589, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08788.jpg", "report": "Patient has bilateral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), minimal macular changes, and refractive error. Vision corrects to 20/70 and 20/80. Temporal RNFL thinning in left eye greater than right observed, suggesting possible optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1590, "question": "Does the patient have severe pigmentary glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1591, "question": "Is the pigmentary glaucoma more severe in the right eye compared to the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1592, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed medication for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1593, "question": "Has the patient reported issues with adhering to the prescribed eye drop regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1594, "question": "Do both visual fields and OCT results show worsening conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1595, "question": "Are progressive surgical options being considered for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08789.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe pigmentary glaucoma, more in the right eye than the left. Despite having medication, issues with drop adherence are reported. Both visual fields & OCT appear worse. Progressive surgical options are discussed."} {"question_id": 1596, "question": "Does the patient have a visual field defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1597, "question": "Is there cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1598, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1599, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with myopia and presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1600, "question": "Is there a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1601, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of an undefined condition that could affect their ocular health?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1602, "question": "Is there a mild corneal abrasion evident in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1603, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's medical history provided in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08792.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. male has visual field defect, c/d asymmetry, cataracts, myopia/presbyopia, history of hsv keratitis, family history of undefined condition, and mild corneal abrasion. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1604, "question": "Does the fundus image summary indicate the patient is taking a nasal spray as part of their medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1605, "question": "Is the patient currently using ibuprofen according to the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1606, "question": "Does the summary mention the use of ketoconazole shampoo by the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1607, "question": "Is the patient on multivitamins as stated in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1608, "question": "According to the summary, is polyethylene glycol one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1609, "question": "Is ranitidine listed among the medications the patient is on?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1610, "question": "Does the summary indicate that the patient is using saw palmetto?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1611, "question": "Is skin cancer one of the medical conditions mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1612, "question": "Does the patient have GERD as per the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1613, "question": "Is atrial fibrillation included in the patient's medical history in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1614, "question": "Does the summary state the patient has allergic rhinitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1615, "question": "Is there a prostate condition mentioned in the patient's medical conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1616, "question": "According to the summary, does the patient suffer from depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1617, "question": "Is fatigue listed as one of the patient's health issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1618, "question": "Does the patient have a hernia as indicated in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1619, "question": "Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's medical problems?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1620, "question": "According to the summary, does the patient experience back pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1621, "question": "Is there mention of a colon polyp in the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1622, "question": "Does the summary include chronic pansinusitis as one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1623, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08793.jpg", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications including a nasal spray, ibuprofen, ketoconazole shampoo, multivitamins, polyethylene glycol, ranitidine, and saw palmetto. Medical conditions include skin cancer, GERD, atrial fibrillation, allergic rhinitis, prostate condition, depression, fatigue, hernia, hyperlipidemia, back pain, colon polyp, and chronic pansinusitis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1624, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1625, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures (IOP) higher than normal, being 30/32?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1626, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma or COPD?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1627, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of cataract in both eyes for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1628, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1629, "question": "Is there any sign of retinopathy associated with the patient's diabetes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1630, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1631, "question": "Has the patient shown any intolerance to medications for eye conditions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08797.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with IOP 30/32 and asthma/COPD, cataract in both eyes, and diabetes without retinopathy. No glaucoma or medication intolerance noted."} {"question_id": 1632, "question": "Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1633, "question": "Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1634, "question": "Is the patient currently untreated for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1635, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures in the right and left eyes 23 and 21 respectively?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1636, "question": "Has the patient experienced side effects from glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1637, "question": "Is the patient considering resuming Travatan and Timolol for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1638, "question": "Is selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) being considered as a potential treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1639, "question": "Has the patient been previously treated with Plaquenil therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1640, "question": "Is there a contraindication for the patient to continue Plaquenil therapy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08799.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Currently untreated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 23/21. Side effects from medication observed, considered resuming Travatan and Timolol. May consider selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) soon. Patient previously on Plaquenil therapy, no contraindication to continue. Patient is a nurse."} {"question_id": 1641, "question": "Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1642, "question": "Has the patient been treated for glaucoma at a different institution before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1643, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1644, "question": "Are there signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1645, "question": "Does the patient also have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08803.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma in both eyes, previously treated at a different institution. They're using latanoprost eye drops and show signs of glaucoma progression in the right eye. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 1646, "question": "Does the patient have primary angle closure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1647, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1648, "question": "Was the patient's elevated intraocular pressure successfully lowered with medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1649, "question": "Has the patient experienced any damage from glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1650, "question": "Are the patient's angles occludable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1651, "question": "Does the patient have a normal visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1652, "question": "Is the patient's retinal nerve fibre layer normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1653, "question": "Is lens extraction being considered as a future treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08805.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure, cataract, elevated intraocular pressure that was lowered with medication. No damage from glaucoma, occludable angles, normal visual field, and normal retinal nerve fibre layer. Lens extraction may be an option in future."} {"question_id": 1654, "question": "Has the patient been advised to take precautions related to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1655, "question": "Has the patient been recommended to use preservative-free artificial tears as needed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1656, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check during their next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1657, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for dilation during their next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1658, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for an OCT RNFL/GCC for both eyes during their next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1659, "question": "Was glaucoma mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08806.jpg", "report": "Patient has been reminded about precautions. Recommended preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Next visit scheduled for IOP check, dilation, and OCT RNFL/GCC OU. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 1660, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 1661, "question": "Does the patient have combined senile cataracts more severe in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 1662, "question": "Are there macular retinal pigmentary changes present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 1663, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 1664, "question": "Does the patient have bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08808.jpg", "report": "62-year-old Cantonese-speaking female suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup:disc ratio. Other conditions include combined senile cataracts Os>Od, macular retinal pigmentary changes Ou, an epiretinal membrane Od, and bilateral upper lid dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 1665, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1666, "question": "Is Vyzulta being used as part of the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1667, "question": "Is the patient using Dorzolamide/Timolol as a treatment for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1668, "question": "Is Brimonidine administered three times a day for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1669, "question": "Does the patient apply Vyzulta to both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08810.jpg", "report": "Patient is using Vyzulta once at night, Dorzolamide/Timolol and Brimonidine thrice a day in both eyes. Indicates treatment for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1670, "question": "Were visual field and optic nerve tests conducted on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1671, "question": "Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1672, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1673, "question": "Is hypertension one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1674, "question": "Is the patient obese?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1675, "question": "Does the patient have a history of seizures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1676, "question": "Is there any presence of glaucoma in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08814.jpg", "report": "The patient had visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes. Conditions include type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension, obesity, and seizures. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1677, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1678, "question": "Is the patient experiencing diplopia, commonly known as double vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1679, "question": "Has glaucoma been explicitly mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1680, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressures currently at goal with the use of Timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1681, "question": "Does the patient have a history of stroke?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1682, "question": "Is the patient currently under neuro-ophthalmic care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1683, "question": "Is the patient also receiving care from a retina specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1684, "question": "Is the patient using artificial tears for their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08820.jpg", "report": "The note mentions optic neuropathy and diplopia but does not explicitly mention glaucoma. Patient's intraocular pressures are at goal in both eyes on Timolol. Patient also has a history of stroke, follows neuro-ophthalmic and retina cares, and uses artificial tears."} {"question_id": 1685, "question": "Does the clinical note suggest a high risk of visual or neurological issues for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08821.jpg", "report": "Clinical note does not provide specific details about patient's issues but suggests high risk of visual or neurological issues based on diagnoses. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1686, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's diagnoses?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08821.jpg", "report": "Clinical note does not provide specific details about patient's issues but suggests high risk of visual or neurological issues based on diagnoses. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 1687, "question": "Does the patient likely have low tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1688, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma previously?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1689, "question": "Does the patient exhibit myopic cupping in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1690, "question": "Is there a possibility of fluctuating intraocular pressure noted in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1691, "question": "Are the patient's corneas thin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1692, "question": "Is the patient pseudophakic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1693, "question": "Is the pseudophakia stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1694, "question": "Does the patient have a history of shingles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08824.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has low tension glaucoma. Has a history of glaucoma, myopic cupping, possible fluctuating intraocular pressure & thin corneas. Also noted pseudophakia, which is stable. Patient has history of shingles."} {"question_id": 1695, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up."} {"question_id": 1696, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up."} {"question_id": 1697, "question": "Is the patient's eye pressure currently well controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up."} {"question_id": 1698, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes at the moment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up."} {"question_id": 1699, "question": "Has the patient been recommended to follow up with an ophthalmologist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08828.jpg", "report": "The female patient, a cardiologist in biotech, has a history of ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma. Her eye pressure is well controlled, and shows no signs of glaucoma currently. Recommended follow-up."} {"question_id": 1700, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1701, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) level currently acceptable for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1702, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma found on the visual field exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1703, "question": "Has treatment for glaucoma been initiated for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1704, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1705, "question": "Is asteroid hyalosis present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1706, "question": "Is the patient's right eye also affected by asteroid hyalosis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08831.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with an acceptable IOP level and no evidence of glaucoma on visual field exam. To continue monitoring without initiating treatment. Also has cataracts in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in left eye."} {"question_id": 1707, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort."} {"question_id": 1708, "question": "Is the primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye at a moderate stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort."} {"question_id": 1709, "question": "Has the patient's visual fields worsened due to myopic degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort."} {"question_id": 1710, "question": "Has the patient undergone trabeculectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort."} {"question_id": 1711, "question": "Is the patient experiencing mild discomfort following the trabeculectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08832.jpg", "report": "The 66-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma of indeterminate stage in the right eye and moderate stage in the left eye. Visual fields have worsened, due to myopic degeneration. She underwent successful trabeculectomy but has mild discomfort."} {"question_id": 1712, "question": "Is the patient currently taking cod liver oil as part of their regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1713, "question": "Does the patient have a prescription for epinephrine, commonly known as an epipen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1714, "question": "Is fluorouracil, also known as efudex, one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1715, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1716, "question": "Does the patient suffer from gout?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1717, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1718, "question": "Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's medical summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08835.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil, epinephrine (epipen), fluorouracil (efudex) and lisinopril. They also suffer from a range of conditions including hyperlipidemia, gout, and basal cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1719, "question": "Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1720, "question": "Has the patient undergone surgery for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1721, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost as part of her treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1722, "question": "Is brimonidine one of the medications the patient is using?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1723, "question": "Is the patient on prednisolone for her eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1724, "question": "Has the patient shown intolerance to any of the glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08840.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old female with severe primary open glaucoma in both eyes, and has undergone past surgeries. She uses medication including latanoprost, brimonidine, and prednisolone. She shows no glaucoma medication intolerance."} {"question_id": 1725, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1726, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed latanoprost for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1727, "question": "Was the patient previously on timoptic xe before switching to cosopt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1728, "question": "Has the patient been started on brimonidine for their glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1729, "question": "Has the patient been educated on retinal detachment precautions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1730, "question": "Is phaco/bgi treatment a future consideration for this patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1731, "question": "Does the patient prefer to wait until after lymphoma therapy completion before proceeding with phaco/bgi treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1732, "question": "Has the patient already undergone phaco/bgi treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No. (The summary indicates it is a future consideration, not something that has already been done.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08842.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma. Prescribed latanoprost, switched from timoptic xe to cosopt, and started on brimonidine. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Future consideration for phaco/bgi treatment, but patient would like to wait until completion of lymphoma therapy.\n"} {"question_id": 1733, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08845.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1734, "question": "Were the intraocular pressure readings 17 in one eye and 16 in the other, with a maximum of 22/23?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08845.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1735, "question": "Does the patient have a condition known as microscopic colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08845.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1736, "question": "Is there a small inferior defect present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08845.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected of having open angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure readings were 17 and 16, with a max of 22/23. The patient also has microscopic colitis and shows a small inferior defect in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1737, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma even though the eye pressure is stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 1738, "question": "Does the patient have mild dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 1739, "question": "Is presbyopia one of the eye conditions present in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 1740, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with confirmed glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No. (The summary states \"glaucoma is suspected\" which implies a lack of confirmed diagnosis.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 1741, "question": "Is the patient currently suffering from unstable eye pressure?\n", "answer": "No. (The summary indicates that the eye pressure is stable.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08846.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old patient suffers from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and migraines. Glaucoma is suspected but eye pressure is stable. Other issues include mild dry eye and presbyopia."} {"question_id": 1742, "question": "Does the patient have chronic posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1743, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1744, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1745, "question": "Are there drusen present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1746, "question": "Can pigment changes in the retina be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1747, "question": "Were the temporal artery biopsies negative for giant cell arteritis (GCA)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1748, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08848.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic posterior vitreous detachment, DM2 without retinopathy, refractive error and drusen, along with pigment changes in the retina. Temporal artery biopsies tested negative for GCA. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1749, "question": "Does the summary specify a diagnosis of glaucoma for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08849.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1750, "question": "Does the summary confirm the effectiveness of any glaucoma medication for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08849.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1751, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient's intraocular pressure in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08849.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1752, "question": "Has any surgical history been provided for the patient in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08849.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information or diagnosis related to glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1753, "question": "Does the patient have a history of left zygoma ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1754, "question": "Does the patient have type II diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1755, "question": "Is the patient suffering from hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1756, "question": "Was the patient examined for vision issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1757, "question": "Did the exam reveal a cortical cataract in the left eye more severe than the right?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1758, "question": "Did the exam reveal a nuclear sclerotic cataract in the left eye more severe than the right?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1759, "question": "Is likely refractive amblyopia present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1760, "question": "Was glaucoma mentioned as an issue for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08852.jpg", "report": "56yo man with l zygoma orif history, type II diabetes, hypertension underwent exam for vision issues. Exam revealed cortical and ns cataract os>od, likely refractive amblyopia od. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1761, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08856.jpg", "report": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening."} {"question_id": 1762, "question": "Did the patient undergo a COVID phone screening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08856.jpg", "report": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening."} {"question_id": 1763, "question": "Is the patient currently known to have any eye diseases?\n", "answer": "No. (Based on the summary stating \"No diagnosis of glaucoma,\" and no other eye diseases are mentioned.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08856.jpg", "report": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening."} {"question_id": 1764, "question": "Is this patient's fundus image likely to show signs of glaucoma damage?\n", "answer": "No. (Given that the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma, it is unlikely that signs of glaucoma damage would be present on the fundus image.)", "image": "slo_fundus_08856.jpg", "report": "63-year-old white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Underwent COVID phone screening."} {"question_id": 1765, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1766, "question": "Is the glaucoma severe in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1767, "question": "Is the glaucoma moderate in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1768, "question": "Does the patient require glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1769, "question": "Is the patient currently using glaucoma drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1770, "question": "Does the patient have a history of autoimmune disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1771, "question": "Does the patient have osteoarthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08857.jpg", "report": "Female patient with primary open angle glaucoma, severe in left eye, moderate in right eye. She requires glaucoma surgery and uses glaucoma drops. Also, a history of autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis."} {"question_id": 1772, "question": "Has the patient been seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08858.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes."} {"question_id": 1773, "question": "Does the patient have probable primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08858.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes."} {"question_id": 1774, "question": "Were OCT scans used to suggest the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08858.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes."} {"question_id": 1775, "question": "Are there early visual field changes observed in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08858.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by a specialist for suspected glaucoma. Indications suggest probable primary open angle glaucoma in right eye based on OCT and early visual field changes."} {"question_id": 1776, "question": "Does the patient have moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1777, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure for this patient at 10?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1778, "question": "Has there been no reported family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1779, "question": "Has there been some long-term progression noted in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1780, "question": "Is the patient's condition considered stable at the time of the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1781, "question": "Is the presumed cause for the patient's condition stability the Dorzolamide treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1782, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Dorzolamide twice daily?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08863.jpg", "report": "The patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure at 10. No family history of glaucoma was reported. Some long-term progression was noted, especially in the left eye. Condition is stable, presumably due to Dorzolamide treatment, continued twice daily."} {"question_id": 1783, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08867.jpg", "report": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed."} {"question_id": 1784, "question": "Does the patient have a visual field defect in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08867.jpg", "report": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed."} {"question_id": 1785, "question": "Is there a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08867.jpg", "report": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed."} {"question_id": 1786, "question": "Is the patient currently in need of extra intraocular pressure treatment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08867.jpg", "report": "The patient is an open-angle glaucoma suspect due to a visual field defect in the right eye, with high glaucoma risk in both eyes. Currently, no extra intraocular pressure treatment is needed."} {"question_id": 1787, "question": "Has the patient undergone a complete resection of an occipital lobe arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1788, "question": "Is the patient experiencing recent difficulties with reading?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1789, "question": "Does the fundus image show any mass effect or enhancement that would suggest a tumor?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1790, "question": "Is a repeat CT scan recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1791, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08868.jpg", "report": "Patient status post left complete resection of occipital lobe avm, exhibiting recent reading difficulty. No mass effect or enhancement suggesting tumour. Recommended repeat CT scan. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1792, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1793, "question": "Has the patient experienced some decline in condition while on three glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1794, "question": "Are Combigan, Travatan, and Dorzolamide the three glaucoma drops the patient was using?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1795, "question": "Did the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) exceed 21 while on Travatan?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1796, "question": "Was Travatan discontinued without any issues for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1797, "question": "Has there been a worsening of the patient's visual field (noted as hvfs in the summary)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08870.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and some decline in condition while being on 3 glaucoma drops (Combigan, Travatan, Dorzolamide). Despite the inclusion of Travatan, IOP never exceeded 21. Travatan was stopped without issues. Worsening hvfs noted."} {"question_id": 1798, "question": "Is the 77-year-old woman identified as a glaucoma suspect due to cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1799, "question": "Does the patient have wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1800, "question": "Does the patient currently have excellent intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1801, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1802, "question": "Are the possible defects in the patient's vision attributed to age-related macular degeneration rather than glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1803, "question": "Does the patient also have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08871.jpg", "report": "77 y.o. woman with niddm, afib, wet amd followed by Dr. Identified as a glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry, but has excellent iop and no family history of glaucoma. Possible defects due to amd, not glaucoma. Also has cataract."} {"question_id": 1804, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08872.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 45 year old white, non-hispanic female. She does not have glaucoma. COVID prescreening done."} {"question_id": 1805, "question": "Has the patient undergone COVID prescreening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08872.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 45 year old white, non-hispanic female. She does not have glaucoma. COVID prescreening done."} {"question_id": 1806, "question": "Does the patient have wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1807, "question": "Is there geographic atrophy present in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1808, "question": "Does the patient suffer from poor vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1809, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1810, "question": "Have there been injections administered for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1811, "question": "Is there an OCT scan available for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08877.jpg", "report": "Patient has wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, geographic atrophy, poor vision and no indicated glaucoma. Injections and OCT scan also mentioned."} {"question_id": 1812, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08878.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1813, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08878.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1814, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08878.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1815, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08878.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup/disc (c/d) asymmetry. There is no family history of the illness. The patient's intraocular pressure is controlled. There is also mention of a refractive error."} {"question_id": 1816, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1817, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1818, "question": "Has the patient undergone any previous glaucoma surgery?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1819, "question": "Is the patient planned to start on Timolol for early damage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1820, "question": "Is the right eye the one particularly noted for early damage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08882.jpg", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels noted at 22/19. No previous glaucoma surgery has been conducted. The plan involves starting the patient on Timolol for early damage, particularly in the right eye."} {"question_id": 1821, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1822, "question": "Is the patient currently off all glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1823, "question": "Is the patient being prescribed Cosopt to manage their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1824, "question": "Is Brimonidine being restarted for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1825, "question": "Is the goal to maintain the patient's intraocular pressure at 14 mmHg or below in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1826, "question": "Is the patient currently using Rhopressa as part of their treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08886.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes and is off glaucoma medications. Restarting Cosopt and Brimonidine to maintain intraocular pressure \u226414 mmHg in both eyes. Not currently using Rhopressa."} {"question_id": 1827, "question": "Does the patient have narrow occludable angles in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed."} {"question_id": 1828, "question": "Is laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) required for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed."} {"question_id": 1829, "question": "Were the risks and benefits of laser surgery discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed."} {"question_id": 1830, "question": "Has the patient been instructed on retinal detachment precautions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed."} {"question_id": 1831, "question": "Is there a need for the patient to discontinue aspirin or blood thinners before the procedure?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08887.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow occludable angle ou, requiring lpi ou. Reviewed risks, benefits of laser surgery & retinal detachment precautions. No asa/blood thinners needed."} {"question_id": 1832, "question": "Does the fundus image suggest possible normal tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1833, "question": "Are the eye cups observed in the image large?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1834, "question": "Is the patient's cup-to-disc ratio high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1835, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1836, "question": "Was the patient's current intraocular pressure found to be within normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1837, "question": "Has family genetics been discussed with the patient in relation to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08893.jpg", "report": "Possible normal tension glaucoma in female with large eye cups, high cup-to-disc ratio. Paternal cousin & grandfather had glaucoma. Current intraocular pressure normal. Family genetics discussed."} {"question_id": 1838, "question": "Does the patient have central retinal vein occlusion in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1839, "question": "Is unexplained vision loss present in the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1840, "question": "Could the unexplained vision loss be due to traumatic optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1841, "question": "Are there symptoms of microvascular disease evident in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1842, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned as a condition affecting the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08894.jpg", "report": "The patient has central retinal vein occlusion in right eye and unexplained vision loss, possibly due to traumatic optic neuropathy. Shows symptoms of microvascular disease. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 1843, "question": "Has the 46-year-old female patient been followed up for asthenopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1844, "question": "Is the patient undergoing glaucoma evaluation following a bike accident?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1845, "question": "Was ocular trauma detected in the patient after the bike accident?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1846, "question": "Is it noted that the patient may have post-concussion syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1847, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1848, "question": "Does the patient have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1849, "question": "Are macular drusen present in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1850, "question": "Was the patient's prescription updated following the evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08897.jpg", "report": "46-year-old female followed up for asthenopia and glaucoma evaluation after a bike accident. No ocular trauma detected but possible post-concussion syndrome noted. She's a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has macular drusen in the right eye. Rx updated."} {"question_id": 1851, "question": "Is the patient considered a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08905.jpg", "report": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery."} {"question_id": 1852, "question": "Are there visually significant cataracts present in both of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08905.jpg", "report": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery."} {"question_id": 1853, "question": "Has the patient experienced vision deterioration due to the cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08905.jpg", "report": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery."} {"question_id": 1854, "question": "Has the patient opted for surgery to address the cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08905.jpg", "report": "Patient with low risk glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. Visually significant cataracts present in both eyes, with symptoms including vision deterioration. Patient opted for surgery."} {"question_id": 1855, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08906.jpg", "report": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Recommended hygiene: baby shampoo, gel at night if needed."} {"question_id": 1856, "question": "Is baby shampoo recommended for the patient's eye hygiene?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08906.jpg", "report": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Recommended hygiene: baby shampoo, gel at night if needed."} {"question_id": 1857, "question": "Is the patient advised to use gel at night for their eyes if needed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08906.jpg", "report": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Recommended hygiene: baby shampoo, gel at night if needed."} {"question_id": 1858, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1859, "question": "Is the glaucoma associated with ocular inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1860, "question": "Is the ocular inflammation in a mild stage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1861, "question": "Does the patient have a history of uveitic glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1862, "question": "Is the uveitic glaucoma associated with HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1863, "question": "Has the patient experienced recurrences of uveitic glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1864, "question": "Is Timolol being used to treat the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08907.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma of the left eye associated with ocular inflammation in a mild stage. There's a history of uveitic (HSV) glaucoma with recurrences. Timolol is used for treatment."} {"question_id": 1865, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08911.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Underwent covid phone screening."} {"question_id": 1866, "question": "Did the patient undergo a COVID phone screening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08911.jpg", "report": "72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Underwent covid phone screening."} {"question_id": 1867, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma with low intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1868, "question": "Are the patient's optic nerve findings normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1869, "question": "Does the patient have an enlarged blind spot in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1870, "question": "Is there a retinal scar present in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1871, "question": "Are the visual fields in the left eye normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1872, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1873, "question": "Does the patient have cutaneous lupus as an additional condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1874, "question": "Is the planned treatment for the patient to include regular monitoring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1875, "question": "Is occasional hydrocortisone use part of the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08916.jpg", "report": "Patient suspect for glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. Normal optic nerve findings. Enlarged blind spot, retinal scar in right eye, normal fields in left. No family history of glaucoma. Other conditions: cutaneous lupus. Plan: regular monitoring, occasional hydrocortisone use.\n"} {"question_id": 1876, "question": "Does the patient have chronic problems that may threaten their vision or neurological function?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08919.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic problems that threaten vision/neurological function & health. High risk of morbidity due to stroke. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1877, "question": "Is there a high risk of morbidity due to stroke for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08919.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic problems that threaten vision/neurological function & health. High risk of morbidity due to stroke. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1878, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned as a condition affecting this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08919.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic problems that threaten vision/neurological function & health. High risk of morbidity due to stroke. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1879, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1880, "question": "Is the patient interested in participating in a coast trial?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1881, "question": "Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1882, "question": "Is there any thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1883, "question": "Does the patient have a history of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1884, "question": "Does the patient also have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1885, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1886, "question": "Is asthma part of the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1887, "question": "Are the mild cataracts in both eyes considered visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1888, "question": "Is selective laser trabeculoplasty part of the treatment plan for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08922.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 66-year-old male with ocular hypertension in both eyes, interested in participating in a coast trial. No glaucoma medication intolerances. No thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer in either eye. Other medical history includes prostate cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma. Mild cataracts in both eyes, not visually significant. Plan includes selective laser trabeculoplasty."} {"question_id": 1889, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1890, "question": "Is the target intraocular pressure for both eyes set at 17 mmHg or lower?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1891, "question": "Has the patient been advised to stop taking Cosopt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1892, "question": "Has the patient been advised to stop taking Brimonidine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1893, "question": "Is the patient currently on Latanoprost medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1894, "question": "Is there a possibility of revising the Xen gel stent if intraocular pressure exceeds the set goals?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08928.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and is on medication. Intraocular pressure goals: \u226417 mmhg for both eyes. She's advised to pause Cosopt and Brimonidine, and resume Latanoprost. Possible revision of Xen gel stent if pressure exceeds goals.\n"} {"question_id": 1895, "question": "Does the patient have type II diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1896, "question": "Does the patient have good visual acuity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1897, "question": "Is there a cystic lesion present on the right upper eyelid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1898, "question": "Does the patient have blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1899, "question": "Is there a high cup-to-disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1900, "question": "Has the right eye been affected by trauma in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1901, "question": "Is there retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1902, "question": "Are there any intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations noted in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1903, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1904, "question": "Is there a possibility of low-tension glaucoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1905, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for reevaluation in 6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08929.jpg", "report": "Patient has type II diabetes, good visual acuity, right upper eyelid cystic lesion, blepharitis, high c/d ratio in both eyes, and history of trauma in right eye. Noted RNFL thinning in the right eye. No IOP elevations, though family history of glaucoma. Possible low-tension glaucoma. Reevaluation in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1906, "question": "Did the patient experience sudden vision loss in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1907, "question": "Does the patient report seeing a 'black line' in their vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1908, "question": "Is the patient's increasing blurry vision in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1909, "question": "Was a 'cotton wool spot' observed on the patient's fundus imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1910, "question": "Is cellular debris present in the patient's right eye, potentially from inflammation or infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1911, "question": "Did the right optic nerve appear normal upon examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1912, "question": "Is leber's hereditary optic neuropathy being considered as a possible diagnosis for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1913, "question": "Has further genetic and serological testing been recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1914, "question": "Is there any sign of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08930.jpg", "report": "Patient experienced sudden vision loss in right eye, characterized by a 'black line' and increasing blurry vision. Oct and fluorescein angiogram showed 'cotton wool spot', cellular debris, potentially from inflammation/infection. Right optic nerve appeared normal. Diagnosis unclear; considering lebers hereditary optic neuropathy. Further genetic, serological testing recommended. No sign of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1915, "question": "Is the patient considered a moderate glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1916, "question": "Is there mild cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) asymmetry present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1917, "question": "Are the pachymetry readings 561 micrometers for one eye and 547 micrometers for the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1918, "question": "Are the Tmax values 15 mmHg for one eye and 13 mmHg for the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1919, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1920, "question": "Has a nasal step defect been discovered in the patient's visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1921, "question": "Does this nasal step suggest the possibility of early glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1922, "question": "Does the patient have an early cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1923, "question": "Does the patient have any eyelid conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08931.jpg", "report": "The patient is a moderate glaucoma suspect with mild cdr asymmetry. Pachymetry (561/547) and Tmax (15/13) noted. A relative has glaucoma. Nasal step discovered that may suggest early glaucoma. Has an early cataract and eyelid conditions."} {"question_id": 1924, "question": "Is the patient being monitored for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor."} {"question_id": 1925, "question": "Does the patient have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor."} {"question_id": 1926, "question": "Is the patient currently a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor."} {"question_id": 1927, "question": "Has any surgical intervention been recommended for the patient's glaucoma at this time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor."} {"question_id": 1928, "question": "Is the current recommendation to continue monitoring the patient's glaucoma status without intervention?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08934.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma monitoring as a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. No intervention required, continue to monitor."} {"question_id": 1929, "question": "Has the patient undergone phaco/pciol on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1930, "question": "Has the patient undergone yag capsulotomy to improve vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1931, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1932, "question": "Is the patient unhappy with the results of blepharoplasty ou?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1933, "question": "Does the patient require follow-ups for moderate progression risk?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1934, "question": "Has the patient's prescription been managed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08936.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent phaco/pciol on both eyes and yag capsulotomy to improve vision. Glaucoma is stable. Patient unhappy with blepharoplasty ou results. Follow-ups required for moderate progression risk. Prescription managed.\n"} {"question_id": 1935, "question": "Does the patient have a history of being a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1936, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma condition considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1937, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1938, "question": "Is mild ptosis present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1939, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1940, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a yearly review of their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08937.jpg", "report": "Patient has history of being a glaucoma suspect with stable condition. Also has cataracts, mild ptosis, and refractive error. Plans to review yearly."} {"question_id": 1941, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1942, "question": "Is the patient currently on Latanoprost medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1943, "question": "Was the patient formerly on Betoptic medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1944, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) 25 in one eye and 23 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1945, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1946, "question": "Does the patient show temporal thinning in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1947, "question": "Does the patient have mild myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1948, "question": "Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1949, "question": "Are there drusen present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1950, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1951, "question": "Does the patient have significant cataracts?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08938.jpg", "report": "54-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension and is on medication (Latanoprost and formerly Betoptic) - IOP at 25/23. No glaucoma detected, but shows temporal thinning. Also has mild myopia, presbyopia, drusen, epiretinal membrane, and non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 1952, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08939.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1953, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure currently controlled in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08939.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1954, "question": "Is there some borderline thinning observed in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08939.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1955, "question": "Will the patient need a follow-up in 6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08939.jpg", "report": "56 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c:d ratio. IOP controlled, some borderline thinning OD, will need follow-up in 6 months."} {"question_id": 1956, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having low tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1957, "question": "Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry a risk factor for the patient's suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1958, "question": "Does the patient have a thin temporal ou?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1959, "question": "Is the thinning of the ganglion cell layer (gcl) more pronounced in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1960, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1961, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperopia accompanied by presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1962, "question": "Does the patient suffer from seasonal allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1963, "question": "Is there a reported family history of glaucoma for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1964, "question": "Is there a reported family history of anemia for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1965, "question": "Does the patient require a follow-up specifically for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1966, "question": "Is a transfer of care to a glaucoma specialist recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08947.jpg", "report": "The patient is a male suspect of low tension glaucoma with risks due to c/d asymmetry, age, and race. They have a thin temporal ou and gcl, more so in the right eye. They also have mild cataracts, hyperopia with presbyopia, and seasonal allergies. No family history of glaucoma or anemia is reported. The patient needs follow-up for glaucoma and transfer of care to a specialist."} {"question_id": 1967, "question": "Does the patient have Fuchs corneal dystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1968, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1969, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure elevated in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1970, "question": "Is the elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye possibly due to a steroid response?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1971, "question": "Is the patient currently on medication for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08950.jpg", "report": "The 89-year-old patient has Fuchs corneal dystrophy and open angle glaucoma, with an elevated interoccular pressure in her left eye, possibly due to a steroid response. She's on medication for the glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1972, "question": "Does the fundus image summary mention any diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1973, "question": "Are normal orders indicated in the patient's notes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1974, "question": "Did the patient have an ambulatory visit according to the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1975, "question": "Does the patient have documented allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1976, "question": "Is lactose intolerance one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1977, "question": "Is there any note of chest pain in the patient's medical summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08952.jpg", "report": "The note does not provide details regarding the presence of glaucoma. It mentions normal orders, an ambulatory visit, and the patient has allergies, lactose intolerance, and chest pain."} {"question_id": 1978, "question": "Does the patient have a potential diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1979, "question": "Has the patient experienced trauma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1980, "question": "Is amblyopia a possible condition affecting the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1981, "question": "Has the patient been advised to start using latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1982, "question": "Is increasing smoking cessation part of the patient's recommended treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1983, "question": "Has there been an increase in soft drusen observed in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08954.jpg", "report": "Patient has potential glaucoma and left eye trauma or possible amblyopia. Advised to start latanoprost, increase smoking cessation. Soft drusen increase observed."} {"question_id": 1984, "question": "Does the patient exhibit cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1985, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1986, "question": "Does the patient have low eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1987, "question": "Is the patient's field of vision normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1988, "question": "Are the OCT test results for the patient normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1989, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1990, "question": "Is there a refractive error present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08955.jpg", "report": "Imp: Cupping in both eyes, glaucoma suspected. However, low eye pressure, normal field of vision & OCT test result. Mild cataracts & refractive error present."} {"question_id": 1991, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes."} {"question_id": 1992, "question": "Has the patient experienced recurrent cystoid macular edema (CME)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes."} {"question_id": 1993, "question": "Did the patient suffer from blunt trauma to the left eye in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes."} {"question_id": 1994, "question": "Is the patient currently being monitored without intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes."} {"question_id": 1995, "question": "Have glaucoma procedures been performed on both of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08961.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and recurrent cme. There was a past instance of blunt trauma to the left eye. She's under monitoring without IOP medication. Glaucoma procedures have been performed on both eyes."} {"question_id": 1996, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with arthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1997, "question": "Is hypercholesterolemia a condition the patient has?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1998, "question": "Is meclizine one of the medications the patient is currently taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 1999, "question": "Does the patient take simvastatin for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2000, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed Ambien?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2001, "question": "Has the patient undergone a visual field test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2002, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08966.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from arthritis and hypercholesterolemia, takes meclizine, simvastatin, and Ambien, and has received a visual field test. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2003, "question": "Does the fundus image indicate that the patient has a chronic problem affecting vision or neurological function?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08968.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2004, "question": "Have specific tests and assessments been conducted for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08968.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2005, "question": "Is there a communication regarding management that suggests a moderate risk of morbidity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08968.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2006, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08968.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a patient with chronic problems impacting vision/neurological function. Specific tests, assessments, and communication regarding management suggest a moderate risk of morbidity. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2007, "question": "Is the patient currently taking aspirin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2008, "question": "Is atenolol part of the patient's current medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2009, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2010, "question": "Does the patient have hypercholesterolemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2011, "question": "Is the patient experiencing menopause?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2012, "question": "Does the patient take a multivitamin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2013, "question": "Is omeprazole one of the medications the patient is currently taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2014, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2015, "question": "Does the patient\u2019s medication list include simvastatin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2016, "question": "Is triamcinolone acetonide part of the patient's medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08970.jpg", "report": "Patient's current medication includes aspirin, atenolol, multivitamin, omeprazole, simvastatin, and triamcinolone acetonide. Diagnosed with glaucoma and other conditions like menopause, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoporosis."} {"question_id": 2017, "question": "Has the patient undergone a change in eye drop treatment according to the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08972.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a change in the patient's eye drop treatment. The prescription for latanoprost and dorzolamide has been ceased. The text does not state explicitly about the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2018, "question": "Were the medications latanoprost and dorzolamide discontinued for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08972.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a change in the patient's eye drop treatment. The prescription for latanoprost and dorzolamide has been ceased. The text does not state explicitly about the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2019, "question": "Is there an explicit mention of glaucoma in the text?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08972.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates a change in the patient's eye drop treatment. The prescription for latanoprost and dorzolamide has been ceased. The text does not state explicitly about the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2020, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2021, "question": "Does the patient have a controlled eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2022, "question": "Is there a nuclear cataract present in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2023, "question": "Is the cataract in the right eye worse than in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2024, "question": "Does the patient suffer from blurry vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2025, "question": "Does the patient struggle with night driving?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2026, "question": "Has the patient decided to undergo cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2027, "question": "Were the risks associated with the surgery discussed and reviewed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08973.jpg", "report": "The 62-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c:d ratio; he has a controlled eye pressure. He also has a nuclear cataract in the right eye, notably worse than the left. He suffers from blurry vision and struggles with night driving. After discussing options: updating glasses or cataract surgery with an intraocular lens implant, he decided on surgery. Risks were discussed and reviewed."} {"question_id": 2028, "question": "Does the clinical note indicate the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08981.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review."} {"question_id": 2029, "question": "Does the summary include specific details about the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08981.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review."} {"question_id": 2030, "question": "Is the summary focused on the procedural aspects of patient care rather than the diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08981.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review."} {"question_id": 2031, "question": "Does the summary mention any surgical history for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08981.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any key details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It summarizes the process of patient care, including preparation, treatment, and review."} {"question_id": 2032, "question": "Does the patient have advanced pigmentary glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2033, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes 26mm Hg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2034, "question": "Are the corneal thickness readings 515 microns and 505 microns?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2035, "question": "Did vision loss occur in the patient's right eye despite low pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2036, "question": "Has surgery been recommended for the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2037, "question": "Has the patient agreed to undergo a trabeculectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08985.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced pigmentary glaucoma. Intraocular pressure 26mm hg, corneal thickness 515/505 microns. Despite low pressure, vision loss occurred in the right eye. Surgery recommended for left eye, patient agreed for a trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 2038, "question": "Does the patient have a history of strabismic amblyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2039, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with both esotropia and exotropia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2040, "question": "Has the patient undergone surgery for adult strabismus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2041, "question": "Does the patient suffer from myopia with astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2042, "question": "Is there a low suspicion of glaucoma in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2043, "question": "Are the risks for glaucoma in this patient associated with her myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2044, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08991.jpg", "report": "Female patient with a history of strabismic amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia and adult strabismus surgery. She has myopia with astigmatism. Low suspicion of glaucoma, though risks include myopia. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 2045, "question": "Does the patient show signs of atypical optic neuritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2046, "question": "Is there an indication of severe vision loss in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2047, "question": "Does the fundus image show long optic nerve enhancement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2048, "question": "Have the tests met the criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2049, "question": "Is there a suggestion of either MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) from the tests?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2050, "question": "Is further testing required for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08992.jpg", "report": "The patient showed signs of atypical optic neuritis, indicative of a severe vision loss and long optic nerve enhancement. Tests didn't meet criteria for MS or suggest MOG/NMO. Further testing is needed."} {"question_id": 2051, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2052, "question": "Was the patient's visual acuity measured as 20/20 for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2053, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in both eyes equal to 14?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2054, "question": "Does the patient have any known allergies related to the eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2055, "question": "Is the patient currently taking fluticasone propionate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2056, "question": "Is spironolactone part of the patient's current medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2057, "question": "Were additional tests ordered for the patient during the clinic visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08993.jpg", "report": "The patient visited the clinic for glaucoma. Their visual acuity was measured as 20/20 for both eyes while intraocular pressure was 14 in both eyes. No allergies found. Current medications include fluticasone propionate and spironolactone. Some tests were ordered."} {"question_id": 2058, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2059, "question": "Was the patient prescribed glasses for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2060, "question": "Are narrow angles present in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2061, "question": "Is there an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio (c/d) in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2062, "question": "Does the patient have a familial history of potentially elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2063, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2064, "question": "Is there superior thinning observed in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2065, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in the left eye (OS) due to thinning inferiorly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2066, "question": "Has the patient been referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2067, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane (ERM) present in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2068, "question": "Is there a possible macular hole in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2069, "question": "Is the patient's best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2070, "question": "Is there a follow-up appointment scheduled within 4-6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08994.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and was prescribed glasses. Noted narrow angles OU and enlarged c/d OU with familial history of potentially elevated IOP. IOP is within normal limits. Noted superior thinning OU; glaucoma suspected due to thinning inferiorly OS. Referred for glaucoma testing and evaluation. ERM OS observed along with possible macular hole. BCVA 20/20. Follow-up in 4-6 months.\n"} {"question_id": 2071, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2072, "question": "Is there a possibility of angle recession in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2073, "question": "Is the glaucoma in the right eye considered to be mild to moderate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2074, "question": "Does the patient have borderline ocular hypertension in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2075, "question": "Does the patient suffer from recurrent corneal erosion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2076, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08996.jpg", "report": "60 y.o. female patient has open angle glaucoma, possible angle recession, mild to moderate, in right eye; borderline ocular hypertension in the left. Also has recurrent corneal erosion and cataracts."} {"question_id": 2077, "question": "Does the patient have pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2078, "question": "Is the left eye diagnosed with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2079, "question": "Does the intraocular pressure in the left eye measure 42?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2080, "question": "Is urgent surgery recommended for the left eye due to the high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2081, "question": "Is the patient resistant to the suggestion of surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2082, "question": "Does the patient prefer to use marijuana instead of undergoing surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_08998.jpg", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in the right eye and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. The left eye also has an intra-ocular pressure of 42, which requires urgent surgery. The patient is resistant to the surgery suggestion, preferring to use marijuana."} {"question_id": 2083, "question": "Does the patient have a history of diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2084, "question": "Is the patient suffering from hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2085, "question": "Does the patient have hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2086, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with Hepatitis C?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2087, "question": "Is prostate cancer one of the patient's health issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2088, "question": "Does the patient also have hepatocellular carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2089, "question": "Is the patient a former smoker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2090, "question": "Is the patient considered a potential glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2091, "question": "Did the patient's mother have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2092, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2093, "question": "Is cobblestone degeneration present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2094, "question": "Is there any sign of retinopathy in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2095, "question": "Was ocular involvement from Graves' disease found in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2096, "question": "Does the patient have a history of eye trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09007.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses a male patient with multiple health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Hepatitis C, and prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. He is a former smoker and a potential glaucoma suspect; his mother had glaucoma. Other eye conditions include mild cataracts and cobblestone degeneration, but no retinopathy or ocular involvement from Graves' disease was found. He also has a history of eye trauma.\n"} {"question_id": 2097, "question": "Does the patient have elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09009.jpg", "report": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended."} {"question_id": 2098, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09009.jpg", "report": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended."} {"question_id": 2099, "question": "Has the medication regimen for the patient been changed recently?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09009.jpg", "report": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended."} {"question_id": 2100, "question": "Are follow-up appointments recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09009.jpg", "report": "Patient, a former shipyard inspector, has elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes indicating the presence of glaucoma. Changes to medication regimen have been made and follow-up appointments recommended."} {"question_id": 2101, "question": "Does the patient exhibit borderline superior thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2102, "question": "Is there a decreased signal observed in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2103, "question": "Did the patient's condition show improvement at a later date?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2104, "question": "Is the eye pressure currently stable for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2105, "question": "Does the summary provide clear diagnostic information about glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09010.jpg", "report": "The patient's tests show borderline superior thinning and decreased signal in right eye. Conditions improved by a later date. Eye pressure is stable. Provides unclear information about glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2106, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution for nightly use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09013.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005% ophthalmic solution for nightly use, which suggests the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2107, "question": "Does the prescription of latanoprost suggest the patient has glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09013.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005% ophthalmic solution for nightly use, which suggests the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2108, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09015.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated."} {"question_id": 2109, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return to the glaucoma clinic for an intraocular pressure check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09015.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated."} {"question_id": 2110, "question": "Is there a possibility of further surgery if the intraocular pressure remains high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09015.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated."} {"question_id": 2111, "question": "Is the presence of glaucoma indicated in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09015.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in right eye and will return to glaucoma clinic for intraocular pressure check. Possible further surgery if pressure remains high. Presence of glaucoma indicated."} {"question_id": 2112, "question": "Does the patient experience complex photopsias?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2113, "question": "Are the photopsias possibly related to a migraine aura?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2114, "question": "Has the patient been cleared of additional neurological issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2115, "question": "Are there any imaging findings that suggest neurological complications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2116, "question": "Is the afferent function of the patient's eyes normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2117, "question": "Is there any evidence of optic or chorioretinal inflammation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2118, "question": "Has the patient been educated about the warning signs of retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2119, "question": "Is there a plan for the patient to follow up regarding their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2120, "question": "Is glaucoma a concern for this patient according to the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09022.jpg", "report": "Patient has complex photopsias, possibly due to migraine aura given her history. No additional neurological issues or imaging findings. Normal afferent function and no optic/chorioretinal inflammation. Reviewed retinal detachment warning signs. Plan for follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2121, "question": "Does the patient have a thyroid disease affecting her eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2122, "question": "Is the patient experiencing dryness in her eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2123, "question": "Is the patient managing a refractive error with over-the-counter readers?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2124, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2125, "question": "Is there any proptosis observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2126, "question": "Is there any discharge present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2127, "question": "Does the patient possibly have allergies affecting her eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09024.jpg", "report": "The female patient has thyroid disease, dryness, and a refractive error managed with OTC readers. She is suspected of having glaucoma due to eye asymmetry. No proptosis or discharge present. Possible allergies."} {"question_id": 2128, "question": "Is there a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09026.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident."} {"question_id": 2129, "question": "Does the summary specify that a resident reviewed the ocular imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09026.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident."} {"question_id": 2130, "question": "Was specific information about any other eye condition provided in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09026.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident."} {"question_id": 2131, "question": "Is there any mention of treatment or medication in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09026.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific information on the presence of glaucoma. It only mentions a review of ocular imaging by a resident."} {"question_id": 2132, "question": "Has the patient experienced non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2133, "question": "Was the optic disc swelling treated with prednisone?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2134, "question": "Is the current visual acuity in the right eye measured at 20/200?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2135, "question": "Did the right eye's visual acuity decrease from a previous level of 20/30?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2136, "question": "Does the OCT indicate any structural change to the right optic nerve?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2137, "question": "Does the patient show signs of optic atrophy in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2138, "question": "Is the patient currently stable in terms of their ocular condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2139, "question": "Does the patient require reading glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2140, "question": "Is there any presence of glaucoma noted in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09028.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Optic disc swelling resolved with prednisone treatment. Acuity measured 20/200 in right eye, a decrease from a prior level of 20/30. OCT suggests no structural change to right nerve but shows optic atrophy in left eye. Patient is overall stable but needs reading glasses. No presence of glaucoma noted."} {"question_id": 2141, "question": "Is the patient currently on medication for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09029.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries."} {"question_id": 2142, "question": "Is the medication prescribed for once nightly use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09029.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries."} {"question_id": 2143, "question": "Are latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost considered as alternative medications for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09029.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries."} {"question_id": 2144, "question": "Has the patient been advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09029.jpg", "report": "The clinical note indicates the patient is on medication for both eyes, taken once nightly. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, and tafluprost. The patient is advised to consult the glaucoma department for routine queries."} {"question_id": 2145, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2146, "question": "Are the corneas of the patient's eyes thin with measurements being 508 micrometers in one eye and 480 micrometers in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2147, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure elevated in both eyes, with readings of 23 mmHg in one eye and 24 mmHg in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2148, "question": "Does the patient have any known medication intolerances?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2149, "question": "Is the patient going to start treatment with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09032.jpg", "report": "The patient has a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with thin corneas (508/480) and elevated intraocular pressure (23/24). The patient has no medication intolerances and will start treatment with latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2150, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed Rhopressa for treatment in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09037.jpg", "report": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2151, "question": "Is laser surgery or Xen being considered as potential treatments if Rhopressa is found ineffective?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09037.jpg", "report": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2152, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09037.jpg", "report": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2153, "question": "Does the patient have insignificant cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09037.jpg", "report": "Patient started Rhopressa for both eyes. If ineffective, may need laser surgery or Xen. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned. Has insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2154, "question": "Does the patient have high myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2155, "question": "Are trace posterior subcapsular cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2156, "question": "Is the patient experiencing visual disturbance in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2157, "question": "Does the visual disturbance cause darker vision in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2158, "question": "Is the patient using an old contact lens in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2159, "question": "Is the patient a non-smoker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2160, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2161, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09039.jpg", "report": "30 y.o. with high myopia, trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, and visual disturbance in the left eye, causing darker vision. Uses old contact in left eye; non-smoker and no diabetes. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2162, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Combigan for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided."} {"question_id": 2163, "question": "Does the patient's glaucoma treatment include timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided."} {"question_id": 2164, "question": "Is brimonidine part of the patient's glaucoma medication regime?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided."} {"question_id": 2165, "question": "Is the patient instructed to take their glaucoma medication twice daily?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided."} {"question_id": 2166, "question": "Has the patient been provided with emergency contact information related to their glaucoma condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09046.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking Combigan (timolol and brimonidine) 2x/day for glaucoma. Timed dosage, emergency contacts provided."} {"question_id": 2167, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry more in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09047.jpg", "report": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist."} {"question_id": 2168, "question": "Does the patient show fluctuating inferior defects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09047.jpg", "report": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist."} {"question_id": 2169, "question": "Does the patient have a thin superior borderline in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09047.jpg", "report": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist."} {"question_id": 2170, "question": "Has the patient requested a consultation with a glaucoma specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09047.jpg", "report": "56-year-old male podiatrist with hypertension, hypothyroidism referred by doctor. Possibility of glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry os>od. Patient exhibits fluctuating inferior defects and thin superior borderline inferior. Patient desires consultation with glaucoma specialist."} {"question_id": 2171, "question": "Is the goal to maintain intraocular pressure in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2172, "question": "Has the patient been advised to continue using cosopt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2173, "question": "Is the patient currently using pf medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2174, "question": "Has the patient been advised to wear protective glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2175, "question": "Is there an explicit mention of glaucoma in the note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09050.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure in both eyes. The patient is advised to continue with cosopt, pf medication, and wear protective glasses. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2176, "question": "Is the patient currently using Brimonidine in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09056.jpg", "report": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye."} {"question_id": 2177, "question": "Is the patient administering Cosopt in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09056.jpg", "report": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye."} {"question_id": 2178, "question": "Is Latanoprost being used in the left eye as well?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09056.jpg", "report": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye."} {"question_id": 2179, "question": "Are the eye drops being used specifically for the treatment of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09056.jpg", "report": "The patient is using three kinds of eye drops for glaucoma: Brimonidine (Alphagan) in left eye twice a day, Cosopt (Dorzolamide/Timolol) in both eyes twice a day, and Latanoprost (Xalatan) in left eye."} {"question_id": 2180, "question": "Does the patient have 2+ posterior capsule opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09060.jpg", "report": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2181, "question": "Is a YAG capsulotomy being considered for the right eye (OD) if cystoid macular edema (CME) is controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09060.jpg", "report": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2182, "question": "Is a 360-degree trabeculotomy being suggested for the left eye (OS) if intraocular pressure (IOP) increases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09060.jpg", "report": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2183, "question": "Is there a clear mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09060.jpg", "report": "Patient has 2+ posterior capsule opacity. YAG capsulotomy OD is being considered if CME is controlled. It's also suggested to perform trabeculotomy 360 OS if IOP rises. No clear mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2184, "question": "Does the patient have early manifest glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09063.jpg", "report": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised."} {"question_id": 2185, "question": "Is the left eye considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09063.jpg", "report": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised."} {"question_id": 2186, "question": "Is regular monitoring for the patient's condition recommended?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09063.jpg", "report": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised."} {"question_id": 2187, "question": "Has latanoprost been advised as a treatment for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09063.jpg", "report": "The patient has early manifest glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye. Regular monitoring and treatment with latanoprost are advised."} {"question_id": 2188, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09073.jpg", "report": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2189, "question": "Is there a possibility that the patient also has polycystic ovary syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09073.jpg", "report": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2190, "question": "Has the patient been advised to gradually discontinue diamox?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09073.jpg", "report": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2191, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09073.jpg", "report": "Patient with stable idiopathic intracranial hypertension and possible polycystic ovary syndrome has been advised to gradually discontinue diamox. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2192, "question": "Does the patient have a large suspicious nevus in the left macula?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2193, "question": "Is there a small nevus present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2194, "question": "Have there been significant changes observed in the nevi of either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2195, "question": "Does the patient have a history of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that is currently in remission?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2196, "question": "Is the non-glaucomatous visual field loss in the left eye associated with the optic nerve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2197, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09074.jpg", "report": "Pt has large suspicious nevus in left macula and small nevus in right eye, with no significant changes observed. History of GI stromal tumor in remission. Non-glaucomatous visual field loss in left eye linked to optic nerve. No evidence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2198, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09076.jpg", "report": "45 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Immunizations administered. Patient gateway account activated."} {"question_id": 2199, "question": "Has the patient received immunizations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09076.jpg", "report": "45 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Immunizations administered. Patient gateway account activated."} {"question_id": 2200, "question": "Is the patient's gateway account currently activated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09076.jpg", "report": "45 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Immunizations administered. Patient gateway account activated."} {"question_id": 2201, "question": "Does the patient have severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2202, "question": "Is there advanced diffuse thinning observed in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2203, "question": "Is the patient currently on glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2204, "question": "Has the patient shown any intolerances to the glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2205, "question": "Does the patient have a medical history of gout?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2206, "question": "Is hypothyroidism noted in the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2207, "question": "Does the patient also suffer from Rheumatoid Arthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09077.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in both eyes, exhibiting advanced diffuse thinning. On glaucoma medications, has no known intolerances. Gout, Hypothyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis also noted."} {"question_id": 2208, "question": "Does the patient present with nuclear sclerosis in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP."} {"question_id": 2209, "question": "Is there evidence of cupping in both eyes that raises suspicion for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP."} {"question_id": 2210, "question": "Does the patient have an unusually thick central corneal thickness (cct)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP."} {"question_id": 2211, "question": "Are the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) results normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP."} {"question_id": 2212, "question": "Has there been no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) observed in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09078.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis and cupping in both eyes, suspicious for glaucoma. However, thick cct is unusual. Normal OCT and HVF, no increased IOP."} {"question_id": 2213, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia."} {"question_id": 2214, "question": "Does the patient display cup-disc asymmetry in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia."} {"question_id": 2215, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings borderline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia."} {"question_id": 2216, "question": "Does the patient have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia."} {"question_id": 2217, "question": "Is the patient also experiencing presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09080.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to family history and specific test findings, including cup-disc asymmetry and borderline IOP. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia."} {"question_id": 2218, "question": "Does the patient present with ocular surface irritation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2219, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2220, "question": "Does the patient have asymmetry in the cup/disc ratio of the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2221, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild dry eye disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2222, "question": "Does the patient suffer from environmental allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2223, "question": "Is there a conjunctival lesion present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09081.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female presented with ocular surface irritation and is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio and asymmetry in her left eye. Patient has mild dry eye disease, environmental allergies, and a conjunctival lesion."} {"question_id": 2224, "question": "Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2225, "question": "Is the left eye diagnosed with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2226, "question": "Is the patient currently taking the medications latanoprost and cosopt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2227, "question": "Has selective laser trabeculoplasty been recommended for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2228, "question": "Has the patient agreed to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty after understanding the risks?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2229, "question": "Does the patient have a history of shingles without ocular involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2230, "question": "Does the patient have a mild epiretinal membrane?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2231, "question": "Has diabetes caused eye complications for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09084.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, moderate in the left. Patient is continuing medications latanoprost and cosopt. Recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty in left eye, with patient understood risks and wishes to proceed. Also has history of shingles with no ocular involvement, mild eretinal membrane, and diabetes without eye complications."} {"question_id": 2232, "question": "Is the 43-year-old female considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2233, "question": "Did the glaucoma screening include an OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2234, "question": "Were the HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) test results normal for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2235, "question": "Were there non-specific defects noted in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2236, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09086.jpg", "report": "43-year-old female, glaucoma suspect, underwent glaucoma screening. Tests showed normal OCT and HVF results in both eyes but non-specific defects noted. Family history of glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2237, "question": "Does the fundus image provide any evidence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09089.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops."} {"question_id": 2238, "question": "Has the patient been instructed to return for follow-up if symptoms worsen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09089.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops."} {"question_id": 2239, "question": "Is there a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma based on the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09089.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops."} {"question_id": 2240, "question": "Should the patient monitor their vision for any changes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09089.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma. The patient is instructed to return if their symptoms worsen or vision drops."} {"question_id": 2241, "question": "Does the patient have a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09091.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes. No immunizations were administered at the time of the visit. A new patient gateway account is ready for activation."} {"question_id": 2242, "question": "Were any immunizations administered at the time of the visit?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09091.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes. No immunizations were administered at the time of the visit. A new patient gateway account is ready for activation."} {"question_id": 2243, "question": "Is a new patient gateway account ready for activation for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09091.jpg", "report": "The patient has a high risk of glaucoma in both eyes. No immunizations were administered at the time of the visit. A new patient gateway account is ready for activation."} {"question_id": 2244, "question": "Does the patient have moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09093.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure."} {"question_id": 2245, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes showing improvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09093.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure."} {"question_id": 2246, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09093.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure."} {"question_id": 2247, "question": "Has selective laser trabeculoplasty been recommended to stabilize the patient's eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09093.jpg", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Intraocular pressure improving but fluctuates. Cataracts in both eyes observed. Dr. recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to stabilize eye pressure."} {"question_id": 2248, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2249, "question": "Has the patient shown noncompliance with the medication Azopt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2250, "question": "Has the patient undergone neck surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2251, "question": "Has the patient had cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2252, "question": "Does the patient have a condition of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2253, "question": "Does the patient have a known allergy to a medication that is now tolerated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09095.jpg", "report": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management. They have primary open angle glaucoma, a history of noncompliance with Azopt, and previously underwent neck surgery and cataract surgery. Other conditions include asthma and an allergy to a medication, now tolerated."} {"question_id": 2254, "question": "Is the 67-year-old female patient a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion."} {"question_id": 2255, "question": "Does the patient have narrow angles that require a laser procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion."} {"question_id": 2256, "question": "Is the patient being followed with optical coherence biometry (OCB) for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion."} {"question_id": 2257, "question": "Was the patient recommended to undergo a laser procedure after being seen at Joslin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion."} {"question_id": 2258, "question": "Is the patient seeking a second opinion regarding the recommended laser procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09096.jpg", "report": "67yof, glaucoma suspect, has narrow angles requiring laser and follows with ocb for glaucoma. Was seen at joslin, recommended for laser procedure. Seeking second opinion."} {"question_id": 2259, "question": "Does the patient have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2260, "question": "Is there optic disc cupping present in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2261, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with definite signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2262, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2263, "question": "Does the patient suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2264, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2265, "question": "Does the patient have hypercholesterolemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09102.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prostate cancer. Has optic disc cupping indicating glaucoma suspicion, but no definite glaucoma signs. Started on latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2266, "question": "Does the patient have thyroid eye disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2267, "question": "Is Graves' disease present in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2268, "question": "Does the patient suffer from compressive optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2269, "question": "Is the patient experiencing vision issues related to the mentioned conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2270, "question": "Has glaucoma been indicated in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2271, "question": "Are steroids considered as a potential treatment for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2272, "question": "Is radiation therapy a potential treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2273, "question": "Is the drug Tepezza (teprotumumab) a potential treatment for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2274, "question": "Is strabismus surgery being considered as a treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09103.jpg", "report": "Patient has thyroid eye disease, Graves' disease, and compressive optic neuropathy. Experiencing vision issues, but no glaucoma indicated. Potential treatments include steroids, radiation, Tepezza or strabismus surgery."} {"question_id": 2275, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2276, "question": "Is there likely progression of the patient's glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2277, "question": "Does the patient have advanced cupping of the optic nerve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2278, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2279, "question": "Are the cataracts visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09105.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, has primary open angle glaucoma with likely progression and advanced cupping of the optic nerve. Also, has cataracts in both eyes which are not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2280, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for an appointment in a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity."} {"question_id": 2281, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's records?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity."} {"question_id": 2282, "question": "May the patient's pupils be dilated for the examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity."} {"question_id": 2283, "question": "Could the pupil dilation potentially cause temporary blurred vision for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity."} {"question_id": 2284, "question": "Is light sensitivity a possible side effect of the pupil dilation for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09107.jpg", "report": "The note is an appointment confirmation at a Neuro-Ophthalmology suite. There's no indication of glaucoma. Pupils might be dilated for the exam, causing temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity."} {"question_id": 2285, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for intraocular pressure control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09108.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 2286, "question": "Can the patient's left eye be refracted to 20/50 vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09108.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 2287, "question": "Is the selective laser trabeculoplasty an indicator for glaucoma management in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09108.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 2288, "question": "Is the patient's vision considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09108.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable vision but can be refracted to 20/50 in the left eye. They have undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty for better intraocular pressure control - an indicator for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 2289, "question": "Does the patient have a status of preglaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested."} {"question_id": 2290, "question": "Are both eyes currently considered healthy with no detectable thinning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested."} {"question_id": 2291, "question": "Is there any visual field loss detected in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested."} {"question_id": 2292, "question": "Does the patient currently require any treatment for their eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested."} {"question_id": 2293, "question": "Is a reassessment of the patient's eye condition suggested for the future?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09111.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 59-year-old male with a status of preglaucoma. Both eyes healthy with no detectable thinning or visual field loss. No treatment needed currently, reassessment suggested."} {"question_id": 2294, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a flap tear in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09112.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2295, "question": "Has the patient been advised on precautions to take for retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09112.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2296, "question": "Were urgent return instructions provided to the patient regarding the flap tear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09112.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2297, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09112.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of flap tear os and retinal detachment precautions, for which they were given urgent return instructions. No explicit mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2298, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) supplements?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09119.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome."} {"question_id": 2299, "question": "Has the patient been referred to ophthalmology for potential glaucoma concerns?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09119.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome."} {"question_id": 2300, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09119.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome."} {"question_id": 2301, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09119.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 2,000 unit tablets, but no other medications reported. They have been referred to ophthalmology and specifically named tests suggest a concern for potential glaucoma. The patient's conditions include pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome."} {"question_id": 2302, "question": "Does the patient exhibit partial superior temporal and superior nasal visual field deficiencies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09120.jpg", "report": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2303, "question": "Is the patient's iris normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09120.jpg", "report": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2304, "question": "Does the fundus image show a tilted optic disc with inferior peripapillary atrophy (PPA)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09120.jpg", "report": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2305, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09120.jpg", "report": "Patient has partial superior temporal and superior nasal deficiencies, normal iris, and tilted disc with inf ppa. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2306, "question": "Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2307, "question": "Does the patient experience myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2308, "question": "Does the patient have trouble with eye drops due to burning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2309, "question": "Has the patient reported iris color lightening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2310, "question": "Were there any signs of iris color lightening observed in the exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2311, "question": "Has the patient undergone selective laser treatment on the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2312, "question": "Is the right eye considered stable in terms of the glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2313, "question": "Is the left eye potentially worse compared to the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2314, "question": "Is the patient being monitored rather than undergoing further surgery due to the risk associated with their cardiomyopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2315, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return to the clinic in 5 months for a follow-up?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09122.jpg", "report": "The patient previously diagnosed with glaucoma is myopic and has trouble with eye drops due to burning. Has tried different options with no success. Reports iris color lightening but no signs of it in the exam. Underwent selective laser treatment on left eye. The right eye is stable while the left eye may be worse. Currently monitoring as the risk of further surgery is high due to slowly progressing disease and cardiomyopathy. They're to return to the clinic in 5 months."} {"question_id": 2316, "question": "Can a specific diagnosis such as glaucoma be identified from the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09127.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2317, "question": "Does the fundus image summary include detailed information about the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09127.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2318, "question": "Is there a mention of any past surgeries related to the patient's eyes in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09127.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2319, "question": "Has any medication been noted as ineffective for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09127.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2320, "question": "Does the patient have a macular pucker in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09131.jpg", "report": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present."} {"question_id": 2321, "question": "Has the patient undergone two surgeries for the macular pucker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09131.jpg", "report": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present."} {"question_id": 2322, "question": "Are there immature cataracts present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09131.jpg", "report": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present."} {"question_id": 2323, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09131.jpg", "report": "The patient has a macular pucker in the left eye, post two surgeries, and immature cataracts in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma is present."} {"question_id": 2324, "question": "Is the patient a 40-year-old male?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09133.jpg", "report": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes."} {"question_id": 2325, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09133.jpg", "report": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes."} {"question_id": 2326, "question": "Were the resident's or fellow's notes on this patient reviewed and updated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09133.jpg", "report": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes."} {"question_id": 2327, "question": "Is the patient of non-Hispanic ethnicity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09133.jpg", "report": "40 y.o. white, non-hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed and updated resident/fellow's notes."} {"question_id": 2328, "question": "Does the patient have suspected glaucoma with cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2329, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2330, "question": "Are the patient's Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) test results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2331, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a lower intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2332, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error of 568 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2333, "question": "Is the patient's management plan to update glasses prescriptions yearly and to monitor with HVF and OCT?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09135.jpg", "report": "Suspected glaucoma with present cupping OU and family history. However, hvf and oct are normal. Lower intraocular pressure (iop). Refractive error 568 OU. Plan: yearly glasses prescription, hvf and oct."} {"question_id": 2334, "question": "Does the clinical note specify the presence of glaucoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09139.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2335, "question": "Are there specific details about the patient's eye condition provided in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09139.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2336, "question": "Can a definitive diagnosis be made based on the provided clinical note?\n", "answer": "No. ", "image": "slo_fundus_09139.jpg", "report": "The clinical note provides no specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2337, "question": "Does the patient have post concussive syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2338, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with mild convergence insufficiency?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2339, "question": "Does the patient experience light sensitivity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2340, "question": "Has the patient been reported to have a seizure condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2341, "question": "Were there any signs of glaucoma detected in the optic nerve heads examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2342, "question": "Are FL41 lenses suggested for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2343, "question": "Are convergence exercises recommended for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09145.jpg", "report": "The patient has post concussive syndrome, mild convergence insufficiency, light sensitivity, and seizure. No signs of glaucoma found in optic nerve HEADS exam. Suggested FL41 lenses and convergence exercises."} {"question_id": 2344, "question": "Does the patient show early signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2345, "question": "Are there mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2346, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2347, "question": "Is there a small choroidal nevus observed in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2348, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2349, "question": "Has the patient undergone a myomectomy procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2350, "question": "Has the patient had a knee arthroplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2351, "question": "Is the patient currently diagnosed with depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09146.jpg", "report": "The 63-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, knee arthroplasty, depression, has family history of glaucoma. She has early signs of glaucoma, mild cataracts, refractive error, and small choroidal nevus."} {"question_id": 2352, "question": "Does the patient have a history of nasal obstruction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2353, "question": "Does the patient suffer from various allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2354, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2355, "question": "Is obesity one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2356, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2357, "question": "Does the patient have asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2358, "question": "Is hypertension one of the patient's health concerns?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2359, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient experiencing facial swelling?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2360, "question": "Is glaucoma indicated in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09147.jpg", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions like nasal obstruction, various allergies, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hypertension, and facial swelling, among others. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2361, "question": "Has a Humphrey visual field test been ordered for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09149.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes."} {"question_id": 2362, "question": "Does the clinical note specifically confirm the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09149.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes."} {"question_id": 2363, "question": "Is there an indication that the patient is currently under treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09149.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes."} {"question_id": 2364, "question": "Is the Humphrey visual field test meant to assess the function of both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09149.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not contain specific details about the presence of glaucoma. The orders placed include a Humphrey visual field test for both eyes."} {"question_id": 2365, "question": "Does the patient have chronic angle closure glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2366, "question": "Is the high intraocular pressure (IOP) due to neovascular glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2367, "question": "Is the patient planned to start Rhopressa for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2368, "question": "Might the patient need cyclophotocoagulation (cpc)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2369, "question": "Is the patient already using Alphagan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2370, "question": "Has laser surgery been discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2371, "question": "Has the patient agreed to undergo laser surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2372, "question": "Does the patient have advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2373, "question": "Is the patient pseudophakic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2374, "question": "Is the patient's pseudophakia being monitored?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2375, "question": "Does the patient have ptosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09156.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma resulting from neovascular glaucoma. IOP is too high. Plans to start Rhopressa, possibly need cpc, and continue Alphagan and other meds. Laser surgery discussed and patient agreed. Additionally, other conditions noted are advanced proliferative diabetic Retinopathy, pseudophakia which is being monitored, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 2376, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2377, "question": "Is there a possible cataract in both eyes as well?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2378, "question": "Is there any history of trauma associated with the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2379, "question": "Has the patient been treated with steroids for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2380, "question": "Has the patient undergone any prior eye surgery?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2381, "question": "Is there noted superior optic nerve thinning in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2382, "question": "Was the possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2383, "question": "Has lifelong treatment adherence been stressed to the patient to prevent permanent vision loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09157.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and possible cataract in both eyes with no history of trauma, steroids or prior surgery. Noted presence of superior optic nerve thinning in right eye. Possibility of managing intraocular pressure discussed. Lifelong treatment adherence stressed to prevent permanent vision loss."} {"question_id": 2384, "question": "Does the fundus image show signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2385, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevated in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2386, "question": "Does the patient have a normal Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test result?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2387, "question": "Is there retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2388, "question": "Can nuclear sclerosis be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2389, "question": "Does the patient have a lower lid cyst?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09158.jpg", "report": "The patient shows signs of possible glaucoma with eye cupping, but no elevated IOP & normal HVF. There's also RNFL thinning, nuclear sclerosis, and a lower lid cyst."} {"question_id": 2390, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2391, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) above the target goal in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2392, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) at the target goal in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2393, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost for their glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2394, "question": "Has the patient undergone a 360\u00b0 Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) procedure in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2395, "question": "Is timolol being considered as a future treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2396, "question": "Is the patient potentially going to undergo further SLT treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09159.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, their IOP is above the goal in the right eye and at the goal in the left. They use latanoprost and have undergone 360\u00b0SLT in the right eye. If needed, they will begin taking timolol and undergo further SLT."} {"question_id": 2397, "question": "Does the patient have bilateral damage that could be indicative of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2398, "question": "Has the patient undergone Humphrey Visual Field testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2399, "question": "Has the patient undergone OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2400, "question": "Does the patient have age-related cataract in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2401, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure (IOP) check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2402, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return for a Cirrus OCT (optical coherence tomography) for both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09162.jpg", "report": "The patient has bilateral damage, possible glaucoma. They've completed Humphrey Visual Field and OCT tests. They have age-related cataract in both eyes. Returning for IOP, Cirrus OU."} {"question_id": 2403, "question": "Is the male patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2404, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2405, "question": "Is there early nuclear sclerosis present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2406, "question": "Does the patient have an asymmetric optic nerve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2407, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2408, "question": "Does the patient have a history of entropion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2409, "question": "Is the patient uninterested in pursuing further eyelid surgeries?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09168.jpg", "report": "Male glaucoma suspect with refractive error, early nuclear sclerosis, asymmetric optic nerve, and dry eyes. Has history of entropion, but uninterested in further eyelid surgeries."} {"question_id": 2410, "question": "Has the patient undergone trabeculectomy in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2411, "question": "Are there possible complications associated with the left eye trabeculectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2412, "question": "Does the patient have a significant cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2413, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergic conjunctivitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2414, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with meibomian gland disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2415, "question": "Has the patient had a past ocular alkali burn?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2416, "question": "Is there an indication of glaucoma in the patient's medical summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09172.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent a left eye trabeculectomy with possible complications discussed. They also have a significant cataract right eye, allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland disease, and a past ocular alkali burn. Indication of glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2417, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes mellitus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2418, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2419, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma with intraocular pressure in the 20s?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2420, "question": "Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2421, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2422, "question": "Have the medications for glaucoma been found to be ineffective for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2423, "question": "Is it recommended that the patient be referred to a glaucoma specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09174.jpg", "report": "The patient has diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma with an intraocular pressure in the 20s, posterior vitreous detachment, and cataract. Medications for glaucoma are ineffective, and a referral to glaucoma specialist is suggested."} {"question_id": 2424, "question": "Was the patient prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09176.jpg", "report": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly."} {"question_id": 2425, "question": "Is the patient instructed to use the medication more than once a day?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09176.jpg", "report": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly."} {"question_id": 2426, "question": "Should the patient place more than 1 drop of latanoprost into each eye nightly?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09176.jpg", "report": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly."} {"question_id": 2427, "question": "Is the latanoprost ophthalmic solution to be used during the daytime?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09176.jpg", "report": "Patient was prescribed latanoprost ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment. The patient is instructed to place 1 drop into each eye nightly."} {"question_id": 2428, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2429, "question": "Has the patient been advised on the importance of treatment adherence to prevent permanent vision loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2430, "question": "Are regular follow-ups recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2431, "question": "Do the tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2432, "question": "Are the patient's pupils showing normal responses in the exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2433, "question": "Are the patient's visual fields found to be normal upon examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09180.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and treatment adherence discussed to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular follow-ups are essential. Tonometry readings indicate normal eye pressure. Other exam findings, including pupils and visual fields, are normal."} {"question_id": 2434, "question": "Does the patient have stable bilateral optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09181.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2435, "question": "Has a clear cause for the optic neuropathy been identified?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09181.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2436, "question": "Is there ongoing concern regarding the stability of the patient's optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09181.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2437, "question": "Is glaucoma present in either of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09181.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable bilateral optic neuropathy. No clear cause has been identified, but there's no ongoing concern due to stability of her condition. No glaucoma present."} {"question_id": 2438, "question": "Does the patient have juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2439, "question": "Is the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for this patient at mid-teens?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2440, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2441, "question": "Has the patient suffered a superglue injury to the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2442, "question": "Is the patient currently using Brimonidine as part of their medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2443, "question": "Is Latanoprost included in the patient's medication treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09186.jpg", "report": "NZ patient has juvenile onset normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, target IOP at mid-teens. Has cataract in both eyes, superglue injury to left eye. Medication: Brimonidine, Latanoprost."} {"question_id": 2444, "question": "Has the patient been advised to use warm compresses for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2445, "question": "Is lid hygiene part of the patient's recommended treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2446, "question": "Were artificial tears recommended for the patient's eye comfort?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2447, "question": "Has the patient been informed about precautions related to retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2448, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2449, "question": "Is itching one of the symptoms the patient is experiencing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2450, "question": "Has the patient been advised to use lid scrubs as part of their treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2451, "question": "Is the patient currently experiencing allergies related to their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09187.jpg", "report": "Patient experiencing allergies and itching. Advised warm compress, lid hygiene, scrubs, and artificial tears for comfort. Precautions for retinal detachment discussed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2452, "question": "Does the patient present with focus issues and intermittent blurred vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2453, "question": "Was the patient examined for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2454, "question": "Were the glaucoma examination results reassuring for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2455, "question": "Is the treatment plan for the patient to include artificial tears?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2456, "question": "Are warm compresses part of the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2457, "question": "Is the patient advised to update their glasses prescription?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09190.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. patient presents with focus issues, intermittent blurred vision. Examined for glaucoma - results reassuring. Plan: artificial tears, warm compresses, updated glasses prescription."} {"question_id": 2458, "question": "Does the patient have mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2459, "question": "Is the patient considered a low risk glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2460, "question": "Does the patient have a history of trauma associated with their eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2461, "question": "Is there a history of kidney disease in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2462, "question": "Does the patient have asthma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2463, "question": "Has the patient shown any known allergies to glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2464, "question": "Is dry eye syndrome present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2465, "question": "Are there incipient cataracts present in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2466, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure goals for the patient set to 21 mmHg or lower?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2467, "question": "Is a follow-up appointment planned for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09192.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild stage primary open-angle in both eyes and is a low risk glaucoma suspect. No history of trauma, kidney disease or asthma. No known allergies to glaucoma medications. Presence of dry eye syndrome and incipient cataracts in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) goals <= 21 mmhg. Follow-up planned."} {"question_id": 2468, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hyphema in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2469, "question": "Was the hyphema caused by an accident involving an exercise band?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2470, "question": "Does gonioscopy reveal more than a 180-degree recession?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2471, "question": "Are the patient's HVF results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2472, "question": "Are the patient's OCT results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2473, "question": "Are the patient's CCT results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09199.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of hyphema in the right eye due to an exercise band accident. Gonioscopy shows more than a 180-degree recession. HVF, OCT, and CCT results are normal."} {"question_id": 2474, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 2475, "question": "Was there any thinning found in the retinal nerve fiber layers?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 2476, "question": "Could the earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) readings have been incorrect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 2477, "question": "Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) within the acceptable range without treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 2478, "question": "Does the patient also have mild, non-significant cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09201.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. However, no thinning found in retinal nerve fiber layers. Earlier elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) may have been incorrect. Currently, IOP is within acceptable range without treatment. Patient also has mild, non-significant cataracts."} {"question_id": 2479, "question": "Does the patient have inadequately controlled intraocular pressure in their right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2480, "question": "Is the medication currently ineffective in controlling the patient's IOP?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2481, "question": "Has a cataract developed in the patient's right eye contributing to a narrower angle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2482, "question": "Has the patient undergone phaco/emulsification (phaco), endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ecp), and Kahook dual blade (kdb) treatments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2483, "question": "Is there a possibility of the patient undergoing YAG Capsulotomy in the future?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2484, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned as a current issue for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09203.jpg", "report": "The patient has inadequately controlled pressure in their right eye. Despite medication, their intraocular pressure (IOP) is consistently high. They've had a cataract grow in the same eye leading to a narrower angle. They've undergone phaco/ecp/kdb treatment. There is potential for YAG Capsulotomy in the future. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 2485, "question": "Does the fundus image provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09204.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2486, "question": "Can the diagnosis of glaucoma be confirmed or excluded from the given summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09204.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2487, "question": "Is there any information about the effectiveness of medications for the patient's condition in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09204.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2488, "question": "Does the summary include any history of surgery for the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09204.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2489, "question": "Does the patient have dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09206.jpg", "report": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2490, "question": "Are there persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09206.jpg", "report": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2491, "question": "Is the patient's oscillopsia due to unilateral vestibular loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09206.jpg", "report": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2492, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09206.jpg", "report": "The patient has dysfunction in the left vestibular nuclei and persistent lesions in the left lateral medulla. Her oscillopsia results from unilateral vestibular loss. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2493, "question": "Has the patient been treated for dense brunescent cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2494, "question": "Has the patient experienced a mac-off retinal detachment (rd)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2495, "question": "Does the patient have a strong dry surface issue?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2496, "question": "Is pigment dispersion syndrome present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2497, "question": "Does the patient have a history of epiretinal membrane (erm)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2498, "question": "Has the issue with wearing contact lenses been resolved for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2499, "question": "Does the patient currently have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2500, "question": "Will the patient start using anti-hypertensive ocular medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09207.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old attorney with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, ADHD, benign familial tremor, and has been treated for dense brunescent cataract and mac-off rd. Auter has a strong dry surface, pigment dispersion syndrome, and hx erm; wear of contact lenses has also been resolved. Has no glaucoma but will start anti-hypertensive ocular medication."} {"question_id": 2501, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2502, "question": "Are the angles of the patient's eyes slightly narrow?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2503, "question": "Did the intraocular pressure increase after dilation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2504, "question": "Is there any sign of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2505, "question": "Has medication for ocular hypertension been initiated for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2506, "question": "Are cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09212.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with slightly narrow angles. The pressure increased after dilation. No sign of glaucoma but medication for hypertension initiated. Cataracts noted."} {"question_id": 2507, "question": "Does the patient have chronic angle closure glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2508, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes in the 20-24 mmHg range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2509, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy as part of the treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2510, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2511, "question": "Was timolol previously used for treating the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2512, "question": "Is cataract extraction being recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09213.jpg", "report": "The patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure in 20-24 range in both eyes. Prior treatment includes laser peripheral iridotomy. Currently on latanoprost, previously timolol, recommending cataract extraction."} {"question_id": 2513, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed dorzolamide-timolol for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2514, "question": "Is the patient taking furosemide for a heart condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2515, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2516, "question": "Does the patient have Parkinson's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2517, "question": "Is latanoprost one of the medications the patient is using?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2518, "question": "Does the patient have a documented history of heart diseases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09215.jpg", "report": "The note mentions medications including dorzolamide-timolol, furosemide, latanoprost etc., mainly for eye disorders and heart conditions. Patient does have glaucoma, amongst other conditions like Parkinson's, heart diseases etc."} {"question_id": 2519, "question": "Does the patient show signs of potential glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2520, "question": "Is there evidence of eye cupping in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2521, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2522, "question": "Has the patient been advised to start any treatment for glaucoma at this time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2523, "question": "Is nuclear sclerosis present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2524, "question": "Does the patient have floaters?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2525, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09216.jpg", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with presence of eye cupping. Family history of glaucoma present. No treatment necessary yet. Also has nuclear sclerosis, floaters and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2526, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes mellitus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended."} {"question_id": 2527, "question": "Does the patient have hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended."} {"question_id": 2528, "question": "Is there evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended."} {"question_id": 2529, "question": "Does the patient show optic disc cupping in one eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended."} {"question_id": 2530, "question": "Is immediate intervention recommended for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09221.jpg", "report": "51-year-old patient has diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism but no diabetic retinopathy. Showed optic disc cupping, abnormality often seen in glaucoma, in one eye. No immediate intervention recommended."} {"question_id": 2531, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated for glaucoma with multiple medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09224.jpg", "report": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2532, "question": "Are latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09224.jpg", "report": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2533, "question": "Does the patient have a significant cataract in at least one eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09224.jpg", "report": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2534, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure high in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09224.jpg", "report": "The note mentions the presence of glaucoma requiring treatment with multiple medications including latanoprost, rhopressa, diamox, cosopt, and brimonidine. The patient also has a significant cataract and high intraocular pressure in both eyes."} {"question_id": 2535, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2536, "question": "Did the cessation of Flonase use stabilize the patient's intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2537, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines accompanied by visual auras?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2538, "question": "Does the patient experience occasional tunnel vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2539, "question": "Are floaters present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2540, "question": "Does the patient have difficulty with night vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2541, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed new glasses for his vision issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2542, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up check in 6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09227.jpg", "report": "35-year-old male, with a history of POTS and small fiber neuropathy, is a suspect for glaucoma based on increased C:D ratio OU. The patient stopped using Flonase, which stabilized his IOP. He suffers migraines with visual auras and occasional tunnel vision. He experiences floaters in his eyes and difficulty with night vision. He has been prescribed new glasses and is scheduled for a 6-month check."} {"question_id": 2543, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2544, "question": "Does the patient have cup-to-disc asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2545, "question": "Was a disc hemorrhage observed in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2546, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2547, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2548, "question": "Are the cataracts considered significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09229.jpg", "report": "74-year-old woman suspect for primary open angle glaucoma due to cup:disc asymmetry; disc hemorrhage in left eye observed. Has family history of glaucoma. Both eyes have cataracts, but not significant."} {"question_id": 2549, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09230.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea with a high risk of morbidity. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2550, "question": "Does the patient have hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09230.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea with a high risk of morbidity. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2551, "question": "Is the patient suffering from obstructive sleep apnea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09230.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea with a high risk of morbidity. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2552, "question": "Is there a high risk of morbidity associated with the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09230.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea with a high risk of morbidity. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2553, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09230.jpg", "report": "Patient diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea with a high risk of morbidity. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2554, "question": "Has the patient experienced a retinal detachment in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2555, "question": "Are there floaters present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2556, "question": "Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2557, "question": "Is optical cupping observed in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2558, "question": "Are borderline retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2559, "question": "Has the patient had previous instances of high eye pressure?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2560, "question": "Are further observation and testing planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2561, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma in their father?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09232.jpg", "report": "Patient has a history of retinal detachment in right eye and floaters in left eye. Presently seen as glaucoma suspect in both eyes due to optical cupping and borderline RNFL defects. No previous instances of high eye pressure. Further observation and testing are planned. Family history of glaucoma in father."} {"question_id": 2562, "question": "Does the patient have inflammation in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2563, "question": "Are there early cataracts present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2564, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Valtrex 1000 mg daily?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2565, "question": "Is Prednisone part of the patient's medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2566, "question": "Does the patient have uveitis-related glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2567, "question": "Is surgical intervention being considered for the patient's uveitis-related glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2568, "question": "Is the patient being monitored for ongoing steroid use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09235.jpg", "report": "The patient has inflammation in the right eye and early cataracts. Medications include daily Valtrex 1000 mg and Prednisone. They also have uveitis-related glaucoma possibly requiring surgical intervention and is monitored for ongoing steroid use."} {"question_id": 2569, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to raised intraocular pressure (IOP) levels?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09236.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to raised IOP levels, mild increase in cup/disc ratio, positive family history and superior thinning OD identified in OCT RNFL scans. Prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia.\n"} {"question_id": 2570, "question": "Is there a mild increase in the cup-to-disc ratio in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09236.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to raised IOP levels, mild increase in cup/disc ratio, positive family history and superior thinning OD identified in OCT RNFL scans. Prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia.\n"} {"question_id": 2571, "question": "Does the patient have a positive family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09236.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to raised IOP levels, mild increase in cup/disc ratio, positive family history and superior thinning OD identified in OCT RNFL scans. Prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia.\n"} {"question_id": 2572, "question": "Was superior thinning observed in the right eye (OD) on OCT RNFL scans?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09236.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to raised IOP levels, mild increase in cup/disc ratio, positive family history and superior thinning OD identified in OCT RNFL scans. Prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia.\n"} {"question_id": 2573, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09236.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to raised IOP levels, mild increase in cup/disc ratio, positive family history and superior thinning OD identified in OCT RNFL scans. Prescribed corrective spectacles for myopia.\n"} {"question_id": 2574, "question": "Does the patient report seeing an intermittent vertical black line?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09237.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2575, "question": "Does the patient have a lamellar hole in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09237.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2576, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09237.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2577, "question": "Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's health conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09237.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2578, "question": "Has the patient experienced weight loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09237.jpg", "report": "61 y.o. patient with hyperlipidemia and weight loss sees intermittent vertical black line. Has lamellar hole in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2579, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina."} {"question_id": 2580, "question": "Is there a posterior vitreous detachment present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina."} {"question_id": 2581, "question": "Is there suspicion of glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina."} {"question_id": 2582, "question": "Has there been a confirmed history of intraocular pressure elevation in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina."} {"question_id": 2583, "question": "Is there occasional thinning observed in the patient's retina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09238.jpg", "report": "Patient with cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. Suspicion for glaucoma due to cupping, but no confirmed history of IOP elevation. Occasional thinning in retina."} {"question_id": 2584, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2585, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure ever been elevated?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2586, "question": "Is this the first time the patient is being treated for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2587, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2588, "question": "Were the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) tests normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2589, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure currently under control for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2590, "question": "Does the patient have a mild, non-visually significant cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2591, "question": "Is the treatment plan for the patient to have regular observation and periodic testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2592, "question": "Can the patient use over-the-counter readers at a strength of +2.50?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09241.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 63-year-old male, has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on increased cup-to-disc ratio, but no history of elevated intraocular pressure. He has never been treated before, family history is negative. OCT and HVF were normal. The intraocular pressure is under control. The patient also has a mild, non-visually significant cataract. The plan is regular observation, discussion of glaucoma risk, and periodic testing. He can use over-the-counter readers +2.50."} {"question_id": 2593, "question": "Does the patient have type II diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2594, "question": "Is the patient's A1C value at the upper end of the normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2595, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2596, "question": "Does the patient have a pituitary adenoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2597, "question": "Is there an anterior stromal scar present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2598, "question": "Is the origin of the anterior stromal scar unclear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2599, "question": "Does the patient have pingueculae?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2600, "question": "Does the patient suffer from seasonal allergies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2601, "question": "Does the patient have dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09242.jpg", "report": "The patient has type II diabetes with an A1C value at the upper end of the normal range, suggesting good control. They are a glaucoma suspect with a pituitary adenoma, anterior stromal scar of unclear origin and pingueculae. They also have seasonal allergies and dry eye."} {"question_id": 2602, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) elevated at 28-30 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09245.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2603, "question": "Is the patient currently being considered a suspect for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09245.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2604, "question": "Is the patient seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09245.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2605, "question": "Does the patient have a family history that contributes to the suspicion of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09245.jpg", "report": "The 59-year-old male patient has a history of various health issues and is currently seeking a second opinion on ocular hypertension. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated at 28-30 mmHg. This, along with family history and other symptoms, makes him a suspect for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2606, "question": "Does the patient show stable inferior thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2607, "question": "Has the patient been treated with latanoprost for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2608, "question": "Was there a period when the patient stopped and then resumed latanoprost treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2609, "question": "Did hierarchical visual field changes in the left eye lead to the resumption of latanoprost treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2610, "question": "Has the patient experienced loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2611, "question": "Are the patient's visual field and retinal pigment epithelium currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2612, "question": "Does the patient have asymptomatic pterygium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2613, "question": "Are there changes in the patient's retinal pigment epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2614, "question": "Has the patient been advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2615, "question": "Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09247.jpg", "report": "Patient has stable inferior thinning in the right eye (OD). Treatments with latanoprost were started, stopped and resumed, with patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) monitored. However, hierarchal visual field changes in the left eye (OS) led to resumption of latanoprost. Patient suffered from loss to follow-up and interrupted treatment. Currently, visual field and retinal pigment epithelium status are stable. The patient has asymptomatic pterygium and retinal pigment epithelium changes, with advice given on healthy lifestyle. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2616, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2617, "question": "Has the patient experienced intolerances to glaucoma medications due to pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2618, "question": "Are there concerns about herpetic infection related to the patient's medication use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2619, "question": "Is corneal edema present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2620, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with anxiety?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2621, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hypertension (htn)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2622, "question": "Does the patient have hyperlipidemia (hld)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2623, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2624, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2625, "question": "Is obstructive sleep apnea (osa) one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2626, "question": "Are beta blockers being considered as a treatment option for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2627, "question": "Is surgery a potential treatment option being considered for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09250.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with medication intolerances due to pain and herpetic infection concerns. They also have corneal edema, anxiety, htn, hld, hypothyroidism, migraines, and osa. Treatment options considered are beta blockers and possible surgery."} {"question_id": 2628, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2629, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2630, "question": "Does the patient have no light perception vision in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2631, "question": "Is there a possibility of previous acute angle closure in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2632, "question": "Has there been an attempted surgical repair for the acute angle closure in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2633, "question": "Is the patient's ocular hypertension currently under control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2634, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for further glaucoma testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09252.jpg", "report": "78 yo patient with diabetes and hypertension has no light perception vision OS, possible previous acute angle closure OS with attempted surgical repair. Ocular hypertension is okay, but further glaucoma testing scheduled."} {"question_id": 2635, "question": "Does the patient show cupping in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2636, "question": "Has glaucoma been ruled out by HVF & OCT tests for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2637, "question": "Does the patient have a thick central corneal thickness (CCT)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2638, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with a mild cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2639, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09254.jpg", "report": "Patient has cupping in both eyes, not glaucoma as per HVF & OCT tests. Also has thick CCT, mild cataract, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 2640, "question": "Does the patient have juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2641, "question": "Has the patient been treated with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2642, "question": "Is there early nasal thinning observed in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2643, "question": "Is the patient's condition considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2644, "question": "Does the patient currently have a higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than their previous baseline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2645, "question": "Is the patient using Cosopt for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2646, "question": "Did the patient experience an improvement in mild papillary conjunctivitis after stopping Alphagan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09255.jpg", "report": "29 y.o. male patient with pre-perimetric juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with SLT in the left eye. Noted early nasal thinning, stable condition, but higher IOP than previous baseline. Uses Cosopt, mild papillary conjunctivitis improved after stopping Alphagan."} {"question_id": 2647, "question": "Does the patient show disc asymmetry in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests."} {"question_id": 2648, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressures within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests."} {"question_id": 2649, "question": "Has glaucoma been confirmed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests."} {"question_id": 2650, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests."} {"question_id": 2651, "question": "Will the patient undergo additional tests on their next visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09256.jpg", "report": "Patient exhibits disc asymmetry and borderline intraocular pressures (19,22). Glaucoma not confirmed. Will return for intraocular pressure check and tests."} {"question_id": 2652, "question": "Does the patient have angle recession glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2653, "question": "Is the patient myopic in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2654, "question": "Is there suspicion of glaucoma in the left eye based on its appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2655, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness 582 micrometers in one eye and 573 micrometers in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2656, "question": "Is the plan to start timolol treatment for the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2657, "question": "Does the patient have a history of blunt trauma resulting in retinal detachment in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2658, "question": "Has an early cataract been identified in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2659, "question": "Does the patient have a history of high myopia in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2660, "question": "Has diabetic retinopathy been observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2661, "question": "Does the patient have a known allergy related to the eye condition or treatment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2662, "question": "Is the patient's asthma triggered by exercise?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2663, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma exacerbations caused by the timolol treatment?\n", "answer": "No. (This question assumes that the patient will be monitored for asthma symptoms because timolol treatment is only being planned, and there is no history provided about asthma exacerbation specifically caused by timolol treatment).", "image": "slo_fundus_09258.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male with angle recession glaucoma in right eye due to past trauma; myopic right eye. Suspected glaucoma in the left eye based on appearance. No allergies. Asthma during exercise. Central corneal thickness: 582/573. Plan is to start timolol treatment for right eye; monitor asthma symptoms. History of blunt trauma in the right eye, resulting in retinal detachment. Early cataract identified in left eye. High myopia history in the right eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 2664, "question": "Is the patient a 69-year-old male?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09261.jpg", "report": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details."} {"question_id": 2665, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09261.jpg", "report": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details."} {"question_id": 2666, "question": "Is the patient instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway for his medical information?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09261.jpg", "report": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details."} {"question_id": 2667, "question": "Does the patient's summary mention the need to use personal details to sign into the Partners Patient Gateway?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09261.jpg", "report": "69-year-old white, Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Instructed to sign into Partners Patient Gateway using his personal details."} {"question_id": 2668, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2669, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2670, "question": "Is the patient's rheumatoid factor (RF) negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2671, "question": "Has the patient undergone phacoemulsification (phaco) and retinal detachment repair in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2672, "question": "Is the postoperative condition of the right eye stable after phacoemulsification and retinal detachment repair?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2673, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio more in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2674, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure and Humphrey visual field tests within normal limits for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2675, "question": "Based on the intraocular pressure and Humphrey visual field tests, is glaucoma currently a concern for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2676, "question": "Has the patient reported left hemianopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2677, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a neurology appointment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09264.jpg", "report": "Patient's refractive status stable. Cataract OS, Epiretinal membrane OD and RF-negative RA all stable. Post phaco and retinal detachment repair in right eye also stable. Suspected glaucoma (due to increased cup/disc OS>OD), but intraocular pressure and humphrey visual fields normal, not worrisome for glaucoma. Left hemianopia reported, neurology appointment set."} {"question_id": 2678, "question": "Does the patient with ALS have a history of right lumbar radiculopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2679, "question": "Is there a foot drop associated with the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2680, "question": "Does the neuro-ophthalmic evaluation reveal small anterior cortical opacities in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2681, "question": "Despite the opacities, does the patient have normal visual function?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2682, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09269.jpg", "report": "Patient with ALS has history of right lumbar radiculopathy with foot drop. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation shows small anterior cortical opacities on both sides, but normal visual function. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 2683, "question": "Does the patient have a mild cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed."} {"question_id": 2684, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) controlled in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed."} {"question_id": 2685, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma because of an increased cup-to-disc (C:D) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed."} {"question_id": 2686, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed."} {"question_id": 2687, "question": "Were new glasses prescribed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09274.jpg", "report": "61 y.o male found to have mild cataract, controlled IOP, and glaucoma suspected due to increased C:D ratio and family history. New glasses prescribed."} {"question_id": 2688, "question": "Is the patient's left eye intraocular pressure within the goal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09275.jpg", "report": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue."} {"question_id": 2689, "question": "Is the patient currently off glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09275.jpg", "report": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue."} {"question_id": 2690, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09275.jpg", "report": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue."} {"question_id": 2691, "question": "Will the patient's condition require close monitoring going forward?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09275.jpg", "report": "The patient's left eye intraocular pressure is at the goal range. They are off glaucoma medications and have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy. Close monitoring will continue."} {"question_id": 2692, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2693, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with early-stage cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2694, "question": "Has the patient experienced recurrent corneal erosion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2695, "question": "Are the patient's conditions currently well-managed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2696, "question": "Is there a specific mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09276.jpg", "report": "70-year-old male patient has ocular hypertension, early cataracts, and recurrent erosion but currently doing well with conditions managed. No specific mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2697, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2698, "question": "Is high intraocular pressure present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2699, "question": "Is the patient experiencing pain in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2700, "question": "Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2701, "question": "Has astigmatism been detected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2702, "question": "Is a cornea evaluation required for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2703, "question": "Is a follow-up with specialists planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09277.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure and pain in both eyes. No known family history of glaucoma. Astigmatism detected, requiring cornea evaluation. Follow-up with specialists planned."} {"question_id": 2704, "question": "Does the patient have a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 2705, "question": "Is the patient currently on latanoprost treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 2706, "question": "Does the patient have an obstruction in the right nasolacrimal duct?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 2707, "question": "Has diabetic retinopathy been confirmed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 2708, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09279.jpg", "report": "The patient, a 95 y.o. female, has a long history of normal tension glaucoma in both eyes with fluctuating severity. She is on latanoprost treatment. Other issues - right nasolacrimal duct obstruction, DM without retinopathy, non-exudative age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 2709, "question": "Is non-glaucomatous cupping observed in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2710, "question": "Is there any intraocular pressure elevation noted in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2711, "question": "Can trace nuclear sclerosis be seen in the eye image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2712, "question": "Are dry eyes a condition present in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2713, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for yearly prescription updates?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2714, "question": "Is glaucoma diagnosed or mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09281.jpg", "report": "Non-glaucomatous cupping observed, no intraocular pressure elevation. Trace nuclear sclerosis and dry eyes present, yearly prescriptions planned. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n"} {"question_id": 2715, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2716, "question": "Are there any signs of thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2717, "question": "Has any treatment been initiated for the suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2718, "question": "Will the patient continue to be monitored for glaucoma progression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2719, "question": "Does the patient also have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2720, "question": "Are the cataracts considered minor and not visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09283.jpg", "report": "52 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio. No signs of thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. No treatment initiated but will continue to monitor. Also has minor cataracts, but not visually significant."} {"question_id": 2721, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2722, "question": "Is the cup-to-disc ratio higher in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2723, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2724, "question": "Does the patient have a mild cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2725, "question": "Is the cataract non-visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2726, "question": "Has the patient undergone phacoemulsification surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2727, "question": "Has the patient received a posterior chamber intraocular lens implant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2728, "question": "Is the patient doing well after the operation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09285.jpg", "report": "The female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a higher cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is stable. She has a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. Underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens. She's doing well post-operation."} {"question_id": 2729, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2730, "question": "Does the patient have a consistently measured intraocular pressure (IOP) of 12 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2731, "question": "Does the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scan show a thin rim in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2732, "question": "Are there bordering issues noted in the OCT scan of the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2733, "question": "Is an inferior defect present in the patient's fundus imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2734, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09286.jpg", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history. IOP is 12/12 consistently. OCT reveals thin rim in right eye, bordering issues in left. Inferior defect is noted."} {"question_id": 2735, "question": "Is the patient considered a low-risk glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2736, "question": "Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2737, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) considered high?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2738, "question": "Are both the RNFL OCT and HVF results normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2739, "question": "Has the patient been informed about the importance of treatment adherence for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2740, "question": "Is the patient's cataract currently being monitored?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09288.jpg", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect with no known family history or high IOP. Both RNFL OCT and HVF are normal. Glaucoma was discussed, with emphasis on treatment adherence. Cataract is also being monitored."} {"question_id": 2741, "question": "Has the patient undergone an intraocular pressure check?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09289.jpg", "report": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2742, "question": "Was a Humphrey visual field test performed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09289.jpg", "report": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2743, "question": "Did the patient have optical coherence tomography?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09289.jpg", "report": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2744, "question": "Have the patient's relatives been advised to be examined for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09289.jpg", "report": "Patient had an intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field, and optical coherence tomography. Relatives advised to be examined for glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2745, "question": "Is Debra L Sybertz considered a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2746, "question": "Does Debra have narrow, occludable angles in her eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2747, "question": "Has Debra undergone laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2748, "question": "Is Debra's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently okay without any medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2749, "question": "Does Debra also have a senile cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2750, "question": "Does Debra suffer from dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09290.jpg", "report": "Debra L Sybertz is a low risk open angle glaucoma suspect with narrow, occludable angles. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), her intraocular pressure (IOP) is okay without medication. She also has senile cataract and dermatochalasis."} {"question_id": 2751, "question": "Does the patient have vision impairment due to cortical dysfunction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09294.jpg", "report": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2752, "question": "Is the patient at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases because they experience migraine with aura?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09294.jpg", "report": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2753, "question": "Are there any indications that the current medication regimen needs to be changed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09294.jpg", "report": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2754, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09294.jpg", "report": "The patient has impaired vision due to cortical dysfunction. They have a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to migraine with aura. No changes in current medication are required. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2755, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with giant cell arteritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2756, "question": "Is the patient's visual acuity considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2757, "question": "Does the patient have normal color vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2758, "question": "Are there any visual field changes observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2759, "question": "Is the fundus examination result normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2760, "question": "Is the ganglion cell thickness within normal ranges for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2761, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma present in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09295.jpg", "report": "Patient stable with giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity, color vision, visual field changes, fundus exam and ganglion cell thickness are normal. No signs of glaucoma.\n"} {"question_id": 2762, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2763, "question": "Is the patient symptomatic for the cataracts?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2764, "question": "Is there disc asymmetry noted in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2765, "question": "Are the hvf (Humphrey visual field) and oct (optical coherence tomography) results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2766, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2767, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a 6-month check-up?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09304.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataracts in both eyes but is not symptomatic. Disc asymmetry noted, but normal hvf and oct. No mention of glaucoma. Plan: 6-month check-up."} {"question_id": 2768, "question": "Does the patient have a complicated cataract in her left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2769, "question": "Does the patient have idiopathic nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION) in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2770, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2771, "question": "Does the patient have refractive errors?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2772, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2773, "question": "Has the patient been inconsistent with the use of her glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09308.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a complicated cataract in her left eye, idiopathic NRP in both eyes, and cataract in her right eye. She also has refractive errors and is a glaucoma suspect. She has not been using her glaucoma medication consistently.\n"} {"question_id": 2774, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of normal tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2775, "question": "Is the patient currently using Travatan Z for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2776, "question": "Has the patient shown good compliance with the Travatan Z medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2777, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to be referred for further glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2778, "question": "Does the patient also have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2779, "question": "Does the patient's medical history include colonic polyps?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2780, "question": "Is the patient a retired surgeon?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09311.jpg", "report": "74 yo retired surgeon with history of colonic polyps has normal tension glaucoma. On Travatan Z, with good compliance. Will be referred for further glaucoma management. Also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 2781, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09312.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2782, "question": "Does the patient exhibit optic atrophy with the right eye being more affected than the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2783, "question": "Are the patient's cup to disc ratios increased?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2784, "question": "Is glaucoma the leading diagnosis for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2785, "question": "Is the patient being evaluated for a possible compressive lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2786, "question": "Are nutritional deficiencies being considered as a potential cause for the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2787, "question": "Is syphilis being ruled out as a cause for the optic atrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2788, "question": "Has an MRI test been recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09313.jpg", "report": "Patient shows optic atrophy (OD > OS) and increased cup to disc ratios. Glaucoma a possibility but not a leading diagnosis. Ruling out compressive lesion, nutritional deficiencies, and syphilis. Recommends MRI test."} {"question_id": 2789, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2790, "question": "Does the patient also have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2791, "question": "Are there any ocular signs of optic neuritis present in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2792, "question": "Are there any ocular signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2793, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2794, "question": "Have the glaucoma tests conducted so far shown normal results for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2795, "question": "Is there a plan to repeat glaucoma testing for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2796, "question": "Is an MRI scheduled for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09314.jpg", "report": "Patient has hyperopia and astigmatism. Mild symptoms reported, no ocular signs of optic neuritis or MS. Family history of glaucoma, but tests normal so far. Glaucoma testing to be repeated. MRI planned."} {"question_id": 2797, "question": "Has the patient been started on timolol for suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09319.jpg", "report": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol."} {"question_id": 2798, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09319.jpg", "report": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol."} {"question_id": 2799, "question": "Are there currently signs of glaucoma evident in the patient's eye exams and testing?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09319.jpg", "report": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol."} {"question_id": 2800, "question": "Will the patient be temporarily taken off timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09319.jpg", "report": "33-year-old female with suspected glaucoma started on timolol. She has a family history of glaucoma. Currently, no signs of glaucoma are found with normal eye exams and testing. She will be temporarily taken off timolol."} {"question_id": 2801, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2802, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with high myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2803, "question": "Is the patient experiencing vision complications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2804, "question": "Does the patient have allergies to eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2805, "question": "Did the patient's parents have a history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2806, "question": "Is the patient's eye pressure typically in single digits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2807, "question": "Does the optic disc exam show loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2808, "question": "Is a trabeculectomy part of the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2809, "question": "Is a xen implant being considered for the patient's treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09320.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, high myopia, vision complications, and allergies to eye drops. The patient's parents also had glaucoma. Eye pressure is typically in single digits. Optic disc exam shows loss. The treatment plan includes trabeculectomy or xen implant."} {"question_id": 2810, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence."} {"question_id": 2811, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence."} {"question_id": 2812, "question": "Is the patient's current treatment effectively controlling intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence."} {"question_id": 2813, "question": "Is the medication being changed from Trusopt to Cosopt for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence."} {"question_id": 2814, "question": "Has the patient been counseled about treatment adherence?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09321.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and cataracts. Current treatment isn't controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively. Medication changing from Trusopt to Cosopt. Counseling given about treatment adherence."} {"question_id": 2815, "question": "Was the patient recommended to undergo a gonioscopy due to potential narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2816, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2817, "question": "Have the patient's mother and maternal grandmother both undergone treatments for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2818, "question": "Does the patient currently use glasses for vision correction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2819, "question": "Has the patient had any past eye surgeries?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2820, "question": "Does the patient have any known allergies related to eye conditions or treatments?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09328.jpg", "report": "Patient might have narrow angles and was recommended to have a gonioscopy. Family history of glaucoma, with mother and maternal grandmother both having treatments. Currently uses glasses and has no past eye surgeries or allergies."} {"question_id": 2821, "question": "Does the patient have retinal detachment in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2822, "question": "Is the patient currently under the care of a glaucoma specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2823, "question": "Is the target intraocular pressure for the right eye less than or equal to 17 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2824, "question": "Is the target intraocular pressure for the left eye less than or equal to 15 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2825, "question": "Has the importance of adhering to the medication regimen been emphasized to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2826, "question": "Was the patient encouraged to control their blood sugar levels?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2827, "question": "Was the patient encouraged to monitor and control their blood pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09329.jpg", "report": "The patient has retinal detachment in both eyes and is seeing a glaucoma specialist. The goal for intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 17 mmHg (right eye) & 15 mmHg (left eye). Adherence to the medication regimen was emphasized, and blood sugar and blood pressure control were encouraged."} {"question_id": 2828, "question": "Is it confirmed from the clinical note that the patient has glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2829, "question": "Is a future visual field test mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2830, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2831, "question": "Is bronchitis one of the conditions reported in the patient's clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2832, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with hypertension according to the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2833, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hepatitis B?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2834, "question": "Is stress incontinence listed among the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2835, "question": "Does the clinical note indicate that the patient has a history of cellulitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2836, "question": "Does the summary confirm that the patient will not undergo a visual field test?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09330.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide explicit information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future visual field test and reports on conditions including asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, hepatitis B, stress incontinence, and cellulitis."} {"question_id": 2837, "question": "Does the patient have persistently elevated intraocular pressure indicative of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended."} {"question_id": 2838, "question": "Is surgery being recommended for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended."} {"question_id": 2839, "question": "Might the surgery be rescheduled because of the patient's pre-planned trip?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended."} {"question_id": 2840, "question": "Could the pain in the right eye be attributed to dryness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended."} {"question_id": 2841, "question": "Is re-commencing taping recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09332.jpg", "report": "The patient has persistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) indicative of glaucoma, hence the recommendation for surgery. However, due to a pre-planned trip, surgery might be rescheduled. Also, the right eye pain could be due to dryness. Re-commencing taping recommended."} {"question_id": 2842, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to have glaucoma surgery in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09334.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo glaucoma surgery in left eye. Recommended for virus testing pre-surgery. Pending arrangement for COVID testing."} {"question_id": 2843, "question": "Has the patient been recommended to undergo virus testing before surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09334.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo glaucoma surgery in left eye. Recommended for virus testing pre-surgery. Pending arrangement for COVID testing."} {"question_id": 2844, "question": "Is the patient awaiting arrangements for COVID testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09334.jpg", "report": "Patient to undergo glaucoma surgery in left eye. Recommended for virus testing pre-surgery. Pending arrangement for COVID testing."} {"question_id": 2845, "question": "Does the patient have a history of gout?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2846, "question": "Has the patient experienced recurrent anterior uveitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2847, "question": "Is there a suspicion of glaucoma due to an asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2848, "question": "Is there any active ocular inflammation currently present in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2849, "question": "Does the lumbar x-ray suggest the possibility of ankylosing spondylitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2850, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09339.jpg", "report": "54 y.o. male with gout history, recurrent anterior uveitis & glaucoma suspicion due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio. No active ocular inflammation, lumbar x-ray suggests possible ankylosing spondylitis. Stable intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 2851, "question": "Does the patient have normal tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2852, "question": "Is the glaucoma in the right eye mild?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2853, "question": "Is the glaucoma in the left eye severe with paracentral involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2854, "question": "Does the patient have an allergy to dorzolamide?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2855, "question": "Is there no thinning of the retinal nerve fibers in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2856, "question": "Is there inferior thinning of the retinal nerve fibers in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2857, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09343.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male has normal tension glaucoma; mild in right eye, severe (paracentral) in left. Dorzolamide allergy. Retinal nerve fibers show no thinning in right eye, inferior thinning in left. Family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2858, "question": "Does the patient have a crusting rash on the left forehead that resembles shingles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2859, "question": "Did the patient test negative for shingles despite the suspicious rash?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2860, "question": "Has there been a slow decline in the patient's ocular condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2861, "question": "Did the patient previously have high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2862, "question": "Does the patient suffer from asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2863, "question": "Is the patient able to tolerate timolol despite having asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2864, "question": "Has a follow-up been arranged for the patient's glaucoma and cornea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09347.jpg", "report": "Patient had a crusting rash on left forehead that was suspiciously like shingles but tested negative. A slow decline in disease was noted, the patient had high intraocular pressure previously. Has asthma but tolerates timolol well. Glaucoma and cornea follow-up arranged."} {"question_id": 2865, "question": "Has the patient undergone a laser peripheral iridectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2866, "question": "Was the laser peripheral iridectomy performed more than two weeks ago?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2867, "question": "Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2868, "question": "Are there potential signs of glaucoma, such as cupping of the optic disc (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2869, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures within normal range for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2870, "question": "Has the patient been reassured by testing regarding the potential signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2871, "question": "Does the patient have any chalazia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09353.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent successful laser peripheral iridectomy 2/16 ago. No glaucoma - potential signs (cupping od) but normal pressures, reassured by testing. No chalazia."} {"question_id": 2872, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2873, "question": "Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2874, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2875, "question": "Were Humphrey visual field tests performed on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2876, "question": "Were optic nerve tests conducted on both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2877, "question": "Were any immunizations given to the patient during the visit?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09360.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, and Crohn's disease. Had a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests in both eyes. No immunizations given during visit."} {"question_id": 2878, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to family history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2879, "question": "Is the patient experiencing problems with the left eye post-cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2880, "question": "Does the patient currently show any glaucoma symptoms?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2881, "question": "Do bifocal glasses assist the patient's vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2882, "question": "Does the patient have a mild nuclear sclerotic cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2883, "question": "Has it been decided to defer surgery for the mild nuclear sclerotic cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09361.jpg", "report": "75 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history, experiencing problems with left eye post-cataract surgery. No glaucoma symptoms. Bifocal glasses assist vision. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract od, defer surgery."} {"question_id": 2884, "question": "Does the patient show signs of cupping in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2885, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure borderline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2886, "question": "Is the patient at potential risk for developing glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2887, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed medication for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2888, "question": "Is the patient recommended to have yearly checks for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2889, "question": "Is the patient currently diagnosed with pre-diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2890, "question": "Is the patient actively losing weight?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09362.jpg", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes, is actively losing weight. There's cupping and borderline intraocular pressure, indicating potential glaucoma risk. Prescribed medication as needed, yearly checks suggested."} {"question_id": 2891, "question": "Is the patient currently on simvastatin 20mg to be taken at night?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2892, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2893, "question": "Is the patient experiencing anxiety as a medical condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2894, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dysfunctional uterine bleeding?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2895, "question": "Has the patient quit smoking and is now considered an ex-smoker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2896, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09363.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking simvastatin 20mg tablet at night and has conditions such as hyperlipidemia, anxiety, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and is an ex-smoker. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2897, "question": "Does the patient have open angle glaucoma with borderline findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2898, "question": "Is the patient considered to be at low risk for open angle glaucoma progression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2899, "question": "Does the patient have conductive hearing loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2900, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2901, "question": "Does the patient suffer from tear film insufficiency?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2902, "question": "Is there a perforation in the patient's tympanic membrane?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2903, "question": "Does the patient have hemorrhoids?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2904, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with lymphocytopenia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2905, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with latent tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09368.jpg", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings - low risk. Also has conductive hearing loss, presbyopia, tear film insufficiency, tympanic membrane perforation, hemorrhoids, lymphocytopenia, latent tuberculosis."} {"question_id": 2906, "question": "Is there an upcoming appointment with Dr. NRP Song for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09369.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is a reminder for an upcoming appointment with Dr. NRP Song. No information about glaucoma is mentioned in the note."} {"question_id": 2907, "question": "Does the clinical note provide any information about the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09369.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is a reminder for an upcoming appointment with Dr. NRP Song. No information about glaucoma is mentioned in the note."} {"question_id": 2908, "question": "Does the patient likely have Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2909, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2910, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2911, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hyperopia or presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2912, "question": "Was the glaucoma medication adjusted to Cosopt for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2913, "question": "Is the medication adjustment aimed at controlling Intraocular Pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09371.jpg", "report": "The patient likely has Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Other conditions mentioned are Diabetes Mellitus type 2, cataracts, hyperopia/presbyopia. Decided to adjust glaucoma med to Cosopt, to control Intraocular pressure (IOP)."} {"question_id": 2914, "question": "Is there a worsening of the Humphrey visual field in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2915, "question": "Was an incorrect prescription used for the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2916, "question": "Is the patient currently continuing to use latanoprost and timolol for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2917, "question": "Is a dilated exam and optical coherence tomography indicated for further evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2918, "question": "Is glaucoma a possible diagnosis for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09372.jpg", "report": "Patient has worsening right eye Humphrey visual field; incorrect prescription used. Continuing latanoprost and timolol for left eye. Dilated exam and optical coherence tomography needed. Possible glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2919, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2920, "question": "Are there signs that the patient's glaucoma is worsening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2921, "question": "Does the patient have early cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2922, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2923, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with alphagan for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2924, "question": "Is ltn part of the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09373.jpg", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes with signs of worsening, in addition to early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment. Treatment includes LOCATION, alphagan, and ltn."} {"question_id": 2925, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to a strong family history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain."} {"question_id": 2926, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain."} {"question_id": 2927, "question": "Does the patient exhibit good intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain."} {"question_id": 2928, "question": "Is the patient's cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain."} {"question_id": 2929, "question": "Is the patient experiencing eye pain?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09375.jpg", "report": "Patient has a strong family history of glaucoma and is therefore a glaucoma suspect. Suffers from migraines but exhibits good IOP and C/D ratio and no eye pain."} {"question_id": 2930, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed as a primary angle closure suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted."} {"question_id": 2931, "question": "Does the patient have a normal optic nerve upon examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted."} {"question_id": 2932, "question": "Are the patient's visual fields found to be normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted."} {"question_id": 2933, "question": "Is a laser iridotomy planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted."} {"question_id": 2934, "question": "Has the patient been noted to have a history of glaucoma medication use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09377.jpg", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON. Diagnosis is primary angle closure suspect with normal optic nerve and visual fields. Plan includes laser iridotomy due to risks identified. Glaucoma medication history noted."} {"question_id": 2935, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2936, "question": "Is the suspicion of primary open-angle glaucoma due to the patient's family history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2937, "question": "Does the patient have a slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2938, "question": "Are the optic nerves currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2939, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) within an excellent range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2940, "question": "Is the patient experiencing diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2941, "question": "Is the developing cataract likely the cause of the diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09382.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of primary open-angle glaucoma due to family history (mother) and slightly asymmetrical cup/disc ratio. Optic nerves stable, IOP in excellent range. Diplopia likely due to developing cataract."} {"question_id": 2942, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2943, "question": "Is Ativan being used to treat the patient's anxiety?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2944, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2945, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2946, "question": "Is sleep apnea one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2947, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2948, "question": "Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition list?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2949, "question": "Is spironolactone one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09388.jpg", "report": "The patient is prescribed levalbuterol for wheezing, Ativan for anxiety, and spironolactone. Various conditions listed, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cataracts. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2950, "question": "Does the patient have mild glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised."} {"question_id": 2951, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma a consequence of past lens removal for ectopia lentis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised."} {"question_id": 2952, "question": "Are repeat Humphrey visual field tests indicated for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised."} {"question_id": 2953, "question": "Is a dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer test required for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised."} {"question_id": 2954, "question": "Should the patient be referred to neuro-ophthalmology if intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09394.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild glaucoma due to past lens removal for ectopia lentis. Repeat Humphrey visual field and dilated OCT retinal nerve fiber layer tests needed. If intraocular pressure exceeds 10-11, referral to neuro-ophthalmology advised."} {"question_id": 2955, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2956, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2957, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressures within normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2958, "question": "Is the patient's central corneal thickness considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2959, "question": "Has the patient undergone any medication or procedures for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2960, "question": "Does the patient have red-green color blindness?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09396.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected by their doctor of having glaucoma in both eyes based on several factors, including a family history of the disease (the patient's mother and sister). They display normal intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. No medication or procedures for glaucoma have been conducted. Patient also has red-green color blindness."} {"question_id": 2961, "question": "Does the patient have genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2962, "question": "Is the patient experiencing paracentral vision loss due to the condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2963, "question": "Has the patient's vision improved to 20/20 in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2964, "question": "Has the patient's vision improved to 20/15 in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2965, "question": "Does the patient still have mild dyschromatopsia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2966, "question": "Are central scotomas still present in the patient's vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2967, "question": "Does the note indicate the presence of glaucoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09398.jpg", "report": "Patient has genetically confirmed Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy causing paracentral vision loss. Vision has improved to 20/20 right eye and 20/15 left eye, but mild dyschromatopsia and central scotomas remain. The note does not indicate presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2968, "question": "Does the clinical note specify the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09401.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2969, "question": "Are there details regarding the effectiveness of any glaucoma medications in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09401.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2970, "question": "Does the clinical note mention any surgical history for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09401.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2971, "question": "Are there any specific ocular conditions detailed in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09401.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2972, "question": "Does the patient have a history of high intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2973, "question": "Has the patient undergone extensive laser treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2974, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2975, "question": "Did the patient's maternal grandmother have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2976, "question": "Does the patient have a nuclear cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2977, "question": "Has the patient had a history of laser retinopexy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2978, "question": "Does the patient exhibit a steroid response?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2979, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently considered good?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2980, "question": "Has the patient opted not to have secondary intraocular lens (IOL) surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09410.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. patient has history of high iop with oil and extensive laser treatment, suspect glaucoma due to optic nerve cupping. Maternal grandmother had glaucoma. Patient also has a nuclear cataract and history of laser retinopexy. Patient has steroid response, but iop is good for now. Opted not to have secondary iol surgery."} {"question_id": 2981, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09411.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Emergency contact available for on-call glaucoma physician."} {"question_id": 2982, "question": "Is there an emergency contact available for an on-call glaucoma physician?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09411.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Emergency contact available for on-call glaucoma physician."} {"question_id": 2983, "question": "Does the patient have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2984, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2985, "question": "Is there macular edema present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2986, "question": "Does the patient suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2987, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery resulting in bilateral pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2988, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane visible in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2989, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09412.jpg", "report": "Patient has hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral pseudophakia, and epiretinal membrane. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 2990, "question": "Was the patient diagnosed with glaucoma during a neuro-ophthalmology evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09416.jpg", "report": "67 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma during a neuro-ophthalmology evaluation."} {"question_id": 2991, "question": "Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested."} {"question_id": 2992, "question": "Is the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma particularly severe in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested."} {"question_id": 2993, "question": "Has the patient shown an ineffective response to rhopressa?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested."} {"question_id": 2994, "question": "Does the patient have intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested."} {"question_id": 2995, "question": "Has trabeculectomy been suggested for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09417.jpg", "report": "The patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, particularly severe in the left eye (os). They show ineffective response to rhopressa and intolerances to timolol/latanoprost and combigan. Trabeculectomy has been suggested."} {"question_id": 2996, "question": "Does the patient have a moderate cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 2997, "question": "Is there a refractive error present in the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 2998, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 2999, "question": "Is there evidence of posterior vitreous detachment in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 3000, "question": "Does the patient have pterygium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 3001, "question": "Is glaucoma a concern for this patient as per the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 3002, "question": "Did the patient complete the consultation with the doctor?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09419.jpg", "report": "The 73 y.o. female patient has moderate cataract, refractive error, blepharitis, posterior vitreous detachment, and pterygium. Glaucoma is not mentioned. She left before seeing the doctor."} {"question_id": 3003, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3004, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3005, "question": "Does the patient have moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3006, "question": "Is the patient's macular edema improving with anti-VEGF injections?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3007, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3008, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3009, "question": "Is the patient known to have sleep apnea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3010, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09423.jpg", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Also has moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, improving with anti-VEGF injections, cataracts, and refractive error.\n"} {"question_id": 3011, "question": "Is the patient currently on brimonidine for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3012, "question": "Is the patient also using dorzolamide for their glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3013, "question": "Has the patient declined the use of latanoprost due to side effects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3014, "question": "Has the patient also experienced side effects from rhopressa?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3015, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in addition to glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3016, "question": "Is the patient suffering from dermatitis as well?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3017, "question": "Is a combined cataract extraction and trabeculectomy being considered for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09426.jpg", "report": "Patient on brimonidine and dorzolamide for glaucoma, declines latanoprost/rhopressa due to side effects. Also has cataract and dermatitis. May need cataract extraction + trabeculectomy."} {"question_id": 3018, "question": "Was a Humphrey visual field test conducted for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3019, "question": "Was an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test performed for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3020, "question": "Is there a direct mention of glaucoma in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3021, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3022, "question": "Is hypercholesterolemia one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3023, "question": "Does the patient have arthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09427.jpg", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field test and an Optic Nerve Cirrus condition test for both eyes. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and arthritis."} {"question_id": 3024, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma with a severe condition in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3025, "question": "Is the condition of primary open angle glaucoma mild in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3026, "question": "Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3027, "question": "Does the patient have any history of drug intolerances related to glaucoma medication?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3028, "question": "Is the patient also suffering from cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3029, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09428.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with severe condition in the right eye and mild in left. No history of glaucoma procedures or drug intolerances. Also, suffers from cataracts and diabetes."} {"question_id": 3030, "question": "Does the patient have any signs of glaucoma evident in the exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09433.jpg", "report": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service."} {"question_id": 3031, "question": "Does the patient have a disc hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09433.jpg", "report": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service."} {"question_id": 3032, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09433.jpg", "report": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service."} {"question_id": 3033, "question": "Has the patient been referred to the retina service?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09433.jpg", "report": "The 71-year-old patient, despite having disc hemorrhage, displayed no signs of glaucoma in the given exam. They have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and have been referred to the retina service."} {"question_id": 3034, "question": "Is the patient currently using Plaquenil?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3035, "question": "Has there been any change in the patient's eye examination results recently?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3036, "question": "Is pigmentary glaucoma suspected in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3037, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma, specifically from the father's side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3038, "question": "Is the elevated intraocular pressure observed in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3039, "question": "Has the patient been advised to wean off steroids to potentially lower the intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3040, "question": "Is an open angle present in both of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3041, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergies and dry eye issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09436.jpg", "report": "The patient is using Plaquenil, with an unchanged eye examination. The patient may have pigmentary glaucoma with family history (father), with an elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Patient advised to wean off steroids to avoid increased IOP. Open angle observed in both eyes. Patient also has allergy/dry eye issues."} {"question_id": 3042, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09438.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma, with an option to consider selective laser trabeculoplasty. Their next checkup for intraocular pressure is scheduled."} {"question_id": 3043, "question": "Is selective laser trabeculoplasty an option for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09438.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma, with an option to consider selective laser trabeculoplasty. Their next checkup for intraocular pressure is scheduled."} {"question_id": 3044, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a checkup for intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09438.jpg", "report": "The patient has been prescribed Latanoprost for potential glaucoma, with an option to consider selective laser trabeculoplasty. Their next checkup for intraocular pressure is scheduled."} {"question_id": 3045, "question": "Does the patient show any signs of retinal vasculitis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3046, "question": "Is the patient experiencing a shadow in the left eye (OS) due to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3047, "question": "Does the patient have an asymmetrical cup to disc ratio between the right eye (OD) and the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3048, "question": "Is the cup to disc ratio for the right eye (OD) 0.3?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3049, "question": "Is the cup to disc ratio for the left eye (OS) 0.45?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3050, "question": "Does the OCT RNFL show slight superior thinning in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3051, "question": "Is glaucoma indicated in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09443.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no signs of retinal vasculitis. She experiences shadow OS due to PVD and has asymmetrical cup to disc ratio (OD 0.3, OS 0.45). OCT RNFL indicates slight superior thinning OS. Glaucoma presence is not indicated."} {"question_id": 3052, "question": "Does Ms. PERSON experience recurrent blurred vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3053, "question": "Are nodules present in Ms. PERSON's lung apices?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3054, "question": "Is the cause of Ms. PERSON's vision loss unclear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3055, "question": "Is the vision loss typical of migraine in Ms. PERSON's case?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3056, "question": "Is the vision loss caused by retinal vasospasm in Ms. PERSON's case?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3057, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in Ms. PERSON's case?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3058, "question": "Does Ms. PERSON require monitoring for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09447.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has nodules in lung apices and recurrent blurred vision. Cause of the vision loss is unclear, not typical of migraine or retinal vasospasm. Glaucoma is suspected, requiring monitoring."} {"question_id": 3059, "question": "Does the patient have a visual acuity of 20/50 in both eyes when measured at a distance without correction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3060, "question": "Does the patient have a prescription for eyeglasses?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3061, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with Retinitis Pigmentosa?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3062, "question": "Is there a visual field defect present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3063, "question": "Does the patient have edema of the optic nerve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3064, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye condition summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3065, "question": "Is the patient known to have any allergies related to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09450.jpg", "report": "The patient, a non-smoker, has visual acuity measured as dist sc 20/50 for both eyes. No eyeglass prescription found. No known allergies. Conditions include Retinitis Pigmentosa, visual field defect, and edema of optic nerve. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3066, "question": "Does the patient have pigmentary glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3067, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3068, "question": "Does the patient have compound astigmatism with presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3069, "question": "Has the patient been educated on the effects of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3070, "question": "Has the patient been informed that regular checks are crucial for monitoring their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3071, "question": "Has the patient declined a cataract consultation for the time being?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3072, "question": "Was a new glasses prescription provided to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09451.jpg", "report": "Patient has pigmentary glaucoma and cataracts in both eyes, and compound astigmatism with presbyopia. They're educated on glaucoma's effects and informed regular checks are crucial. Declined cataract consultation for now. New glasses prescription given."} {"question_id": 3073, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3074, "question": "Was high intraocular pressure (IOP) observed in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3075, "question": "Did gonioscopy reveal a grading of 2+ in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3076, "question": "Was there any retinal nerve fiber layer thinning detected in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3077, "question": "Are the patient's visual fields full?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3078, "question": "Does the patient have a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3079, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09455.jpg", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes with high IOP. Gonioscopy presented 2+ OU. Retinal nerve fiber layer showed no thinning. Visual fields were full. She also has a history of herpetic keratitis in the left eye. No signs of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3080, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with primary angle closure glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3081, "question": "Is the primary angle closure glaucoma worse in the left eye compared to the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3082, "question": "Has there been an increase in intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3083, "question": "Is the patient experiencing a worsening of the visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3084, "question": "Has the patient been previously treated with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3085, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser procedures for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3086, "question": "Has the patient had an allergic reaction to timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3087, "question": "Has the patient had an allergic reaction to brimonidine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3088, "question": "Has the patient had an allergic reaction to cosopt pf?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3089, "question": "Is the current management plan for the patient considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09459.jpg", "report": "Primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis, worse in left eye than right eye. Increased intraocular pressure, worsening visual field. Previous treatments include latanoprost and laser procedures. Allergic reaction to timolol, brimonidine or cosopt pf. Stable, keep current management."} {"question_id": 3090, "question": "Does the patient have a confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09467.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate."} {"question_id": 3091, "question": "Has the information for this encounter been verified as complete and accurate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09467.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate."} {"question_id": 3092, "question": "Is this patient currently diagnosed with any other eye condition besides glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No information provided, so the answer cannot be determined from the summary given. ", "image": "slo_fundus_09467.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate."} {"question_id": 3093, "question": "Is the patient undergoing a routine eye examination without any prior diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes, since the summary indicates no diagnosis of glaucoma and the encounter was recorded.", "image": "slo_fundus_09467.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. Asian, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Encounter recorded and information verified as complete and accurate."} {"question_id": 3094, "question": "Is the patient currently on medication for heart disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3095, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3096, "question": "Is the patient experiencing erectile dysfunction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3097, "question": "Does the patient have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3098, "question": "Is dry eye syndrome one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3099, "question": "Does the patient exhibit pupillary miosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3100, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3101, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09473.jpg", "report": "Patient is taking various medications including Docusate Sodium, Finasteride, Efudex, Lorazepam, Mometasone, Singulair, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Polyethylene Glycol, Senna, Tamsulosin, and Verapamil. Has conditions like heart disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, dry eye syndrome, pupillary miosis and IFIS. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3102, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3103, "question": "Is there mild optic atrophy present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3104, "question": "Is the patient's condition currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3105, "question": "Are there any signs of chordoma recurrence in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3106, "question": "Is the patient experiencing memory issues that may be related to radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3107, "question": "Is a follow-up surveillance MRI recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3108, "question": "Is an outpatient ophthalmology visit needed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09482.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma and mild optic atrophy, which is currently stable. No signs of chordoma recurrence. He's experiencing memory issues potentially linked to radiation. A follow-up surveillance MRI and an outpatient ophthalmology visit are needed.\n"} {"question_id": 3109, "question": "Is the patient currently on sildenafil as part of their medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3110, "question": "Is the patient taking antihypertensive drugs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3111, "question": "Does the patient's medication list include vitamin D3 supplements?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3112, "question": "Is atorvastatin one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3113, "question": "Does the patient have a medical history of head injury?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3114, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3115, "question": "Is sarcoidosis one of the patient's medical conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3116, "question": "Has the patient ever been treated for kidney stones?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3117, "question": "Does the patient suffer from bipolar disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3118, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with hemochromatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3119, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes type 2?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3120, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09485.jpg", "report": "The patient is on medication including sildenafil, antihypertensive, vitamin D3, and atorvastatin. Medical conditions include head injury, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, kidney stone, bipolar disorder, hemochromatosis, diabetes type 2, glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3121, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist."} {"question_id": 3122, "question": "Does the fundus image indicate a cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio of 0.7 in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist."} {"question_id": 3123, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist."} {"question_id": 3124, "question": "Will the patient continue to experience dry eye irritation after cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist."} {"question_id": 3125, "question": "Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09487.jpg", "report": "68-year-old manager with various health issues. Suspected of having Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) due to c/d ratio 0.7 ou, but does not have a family history of glaucoma. Noted that despite cataract surgery, dry eye irritation will persist."} {"question_id": 3126, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3127, "question": "Is the patient experiencing significant dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3128, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3129, "question": "Is the patient being considered for potential glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3130, "question": "Is a follow-up appointment scheduled within 6-12 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3131, "question": "Did the patient leave the clinic unattended?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3132, "question": "Was the case discussed with a resident or fellow?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09490.jpg", "report": "54 year-old female with sarcoidosis, significant dry eye, mild cataracts, potential glaucoma; follow-up in 6-12 months. Left clinic unattended; case discussed with resident/fellow."} {"question_id": 3133, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision."} {"question_id": 3134, "question": "Are there degenerative drusen present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision."} {"question_id": 3135, "question": "Was the patient tested for glaucoma because of an increased cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision."} {"question_id": 3136, "question": "Are there any signs of glaucoma in the patient's eyes at the moment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision."} {"question_id": 3137, "question": "Is the patient experiencing difficulty with near vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09491.jpg", "report": "79 y.o. female eye patient with past cataract surgery and degenerative drusen. Tested for glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratio, no signs at the moment. She struggles with near vision."} {"question_id": 3138, "question": "Is the patient a 50-year-old individual?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09499.jpg", "report": "50-year-old unknown black female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, account ready to use at patient gateway."} {"question_id": 3139, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09499.jpg", "report": "50-year-old unknown black female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, account ready to use at patient gateway."} {"question_id": 3140, "question": "Is the patient's account ready for use at the patient gateway?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09499.jpg", "report": "50-year-old unknown black female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, account ready to use at patient gateway."} {"question_id": 3141, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09500.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost."} {"question_id": 3142, "question": "Is the left eye (OS) diagnosed with ocular hypertension (OHTN)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09500.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost."} {"question_id": 3143, "question": "Does the fundus image show that the inferior Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) in the right eye is thinner than in the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09500.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost."} {"question_id": 3144, "question": "Is the treatment plan to start the patient on latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09500.jpg", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma assessment. Diagnosis: mild POAG(Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma) OD (right eye), OHTN (ocular hypertension) OS (left eye). Inferior RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) in right eye looks thinner than left. Plan: start latanoprost."} {"question_id": 3145, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3146, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3147, "question": "Has the patient undergone right knee arthroplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3148, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma reported for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3149, "question": "Does the patient have blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3150, "question": "Does the patient suffer from punctal ectropion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3151, "question": "Is trichiasis one of the patient's eye conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3152, "question": "Has mild hypertensive retinopathy been diagnosed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3153, "question": "Is the patient currently undergoing treatment for these eye conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09503.jpg", "report": "The patient is an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and vertigo. She underwent right knee arthroplasty in 2019. She is suspected of having glaucoma, but no family history. She also has blepharitis, punctal ectropion, trichiasis, and mild hypertensive retinopathy, and is under treatment for these."} {"question_id": 3154, "question": "Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3155, "question": "Is the right eye considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3156, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's father?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3157, "question": "Are there signs of high intraocular pressure in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3158, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3159, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09508.jpg", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Father had glaucoma diagnosed at age 90. No signs of high intraocular pressure. Patient also has dry eye and pseudophakia."} {"question_id": 3160, "question": "Is the patient 82 years old?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening."} {"question_id": 3161, "question": "Is the patient of non-Hispanic ethnicity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening."} {"question_id": 3162, "question": "Is the patient female?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening."} {"question_id": 3163, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening."} {"question_id": 3164, "question": "Has the patient completed COVID prescreening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09509.jpg", "report": "82-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, completed COVID prescreening."} {"question_id": 3165, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3166, "question": "Does the patient experience glare at night?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3167, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3168, "question": "Has the patient undergone strabismus surgery in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3169, "question": "Has the patient had eyelid ptosis repair surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3170, "question": "Is the patient being evaluated for either dry eye syndrome or recurrent corneal erosion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3171, "question": "Is the recommended plan for the patient to have yearly eye exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09510.jpg", "report": "Patient has cataract in both eyes, experiences glare at night, and is a glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. Past surgeries include strabismus surgery and eyelid ptosis repair. Dry vs recurrent corneal erosion. Plan: yearly eye exam."} {"question_id": 3172, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma based on the cup:disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3173, "question": "Is possible pigment dispersion syndrome also a concern for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3174, "question": "Is continued monitoring and repeat testing recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3175, "question": "Does the patient have posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3176, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3177, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09511.jpg", "report": "The female patient, an employee with a history of breast cancer, is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc ratio and possible pigment dispersion syndrome. Continued monitoring and repeat tests are recommended. She also has posterior vitreous detachment, dry eyes, and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3178, "question": "Does the patient have multiple meningiomas that are likely related to exogenous estrogen intake?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09512.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 3179, "question": "Is there a lesion compressing the optic nerve in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09512.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 3180, "question": "Does the patient have a history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09512.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 3181, "question": "Is follow-up required specifically for glaucoma management in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09512.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple meningiomas likely caused by exogenous estrogen intake, one lesion compressing optic nerve. History of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Follow-up required for glaucoma management."} {"question_id": 3182, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops."} {"question_id": 3183, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma condition considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops."} {"question_id": 3184, "question": "Was optical coherence tomography used to assess the stability of the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops."} {"question_id": 3185, "question": "Did automated perimetry also confirm the stability of the patient's glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops."} {"question_id": 3186, "question": "Does the patient currently require medicated drops for their glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09513.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Condition is stable as per optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. No need for drops."} {"question_id": 3187, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed ergocalciferol 400 unit tablets?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3188, "question": "Is the patient taking fingolimod 0.5mg capsules?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3189, "question": "Have orders for fundus photography been placed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3190, "question": "Was visual field testing ordered for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3191, "question": "Was an evaluation of the optic nerve included in the patient's orders?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3192, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09514.jpg", "report": "The patient is to take ergocalciferol 400 unit tablet and fingolimod 0.5mg capsule. Orders for fundus photography, visual field testing and optic nerve were placed. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3193, "question": "Does the patient have keratoconus in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3194, "question": "Is there significant thinning observed in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3195, "question": "Is acute corneal hydrops a possibility in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3196, "question": "Has the patient been advised about the potential for surgery due to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3197, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3198, "question": "Does the patient's medical history include trauma to the eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3199, "question": "Has the patient used steroids, which could have affected their ocular health?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09519.jpg", "report": "The 26-year-old patient has keratoconus and significant thinning in the left eye, possible hydrops, and was advised about potential surgery. Patient is also a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d; no trauma or steroid use."} {"question_id": 3200, "question": "Can a diagnosis of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note provided?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09520.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3201, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3202, "question": "Has the patient undergone procedures related to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3203, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3204, "question": "Has the patient experienced bradycardia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3205, "question": "Does the patient suffer from renal dysfunction or kidney stones?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3206, "question": "Is the patient allergic to sulfa drugs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3207, "question": "Is the patient's glaucoma condition being actively monitored?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3208, "question": "Are various glaucoma tests and procedures part of the patient's ongoing care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09525.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has undergone eye procedures. They have history of asthma, bradycaryia, and renal dysfunction/kidney stones. They are allergic to sulfa. Their condition is being monitored with various glaucoma tests and procedures."} {"question_id": 3209, "question": "Does the patient have advanced primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3210, "question": "Is the condition worse in the patient's right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3211, "question": "Has the patient reported any intolerance to medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3212, "question": "Is the patient's corneal thickness 564 in one eye and 567 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3213, "question": "Is the patient being considered for surgery as part of the treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3214, "question": "Are Xalatan and Timolol included in the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3215, "question": "Does the patient have borderline cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09529.jpg", "report": "55 y.o. male diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma, worse in right eye. No medication intolerance reported. Corneal thickness 564/567. Plan includes Xalatan, Timolol, and possibility of surgery. Also, borderline cataracts."} {"question_id": 3216, "question": "Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3217, "question": "Does the patient have 20/20 vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3218, "question": "Is the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) result for the patient normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3219, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3220, "question": "Is retinal gland dysfunction present in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3221, "question": "Does the patient also have dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3222, "question": "Are there new floaters in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3223, "question": "Has the patient experienced any new retinal tears?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3224, "question": "Are there any new holes in the patient's retina?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3225, "question": "Does the patient have a retinal detachment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09531.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with no family history, 20/20 vision, and normal OCT. Also presents with posterior vitreous detachment and retinal gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No new floaters/tears/holes/detachments."} {"question_id": 3226, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09534.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring."} {"question_id": 3227, "question": "Has glaucoma been diagnosed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09534.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring."} {"question_id": 3228, "question": "Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09534.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring."} {"question_id": 3229, "question": "Is the patient currently undergoing monitoring for her eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09534.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 23-year-old healthy female with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma present. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer observed. Undergoing monitoring."} {"question_id": 3230, "question": "Is the patient being evaluated for a suspicion of glaucoma due to optic disc cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3231, "question": "Were the test results within normal limits for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3232, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with mild cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3233, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3234, "question": "Was glaucoma confirmed in the patient after evaluation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3235, "question": "Were there any other ocular issues found in the patient besides mild cataracts and dry eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09535.jpg", "report": "64 y.o. male referred for glaucoma suspect evaluation due to optic disc cupping. Tests were within normal limits. Mild cataracts and dry eye noted, no glaucoma or ocular issues found.\n"} {"question_id": 3236, "question": "Does the patient exhibit symptoms in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3237, "question": "Is there a visual field defect in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3238, "question": "Does the left eye show a nasal defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3239, "question": "Is there a past history of hemiplegic migraine for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3240, "question": "Is an MRI of the brain planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3241, "question": "Does the patient have a history of chronic kidney disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09536.jpg", "report": "Patient has symptoms in right eye, visual field defect. Left eye shows nasal defect. Unclear link to past hemiplegic migraine. MRI brain will be done. History of chronic kidney disease present."} {"question_id": 3242, "question": "Is the 63-year-old female suspected of having Glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive."} {"question_id": 3243, "question": "Was the patient referred for Intraocular Pressure evaluation by optometry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive."} {"question_id": 3244, "question": "Is the patient not tolerating NRP?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive."} {"question_id": 3245, "question": "Are there questions about the effectiveness of Cosopt for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive."} {"question_id": 3246, "question": "Does the patient have a positive family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09537.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female suspected of Glaucoma. Referral from optometry for Intraocular Pressure evaluation. Not tolerating NRP. Questions about Cosopt effectiveness. Family history positive."} {"question_id": 3247, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09538.jpg", "report": "50 y.o. white, Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Will be out of town at a specified date/time."} {"question_id": 3248, "question": "Will the patient be unavailable for an appointment at the specified date and time due to being out of town?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09538.jpg", "report": "50 y.o. white, Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Will be out of town at a specified date/time."} {"question_id": 3249, "question": "Does the patient have Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3250, "question": "Was the POAG detected through cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3251, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3252, "question": "Is there a mild cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3253, "question": "Is the cataract considered non-visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3254, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09539.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. female has Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) detected through c:d asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Also noted is a mild non-visually significant cataract and refractive error."} {"question_id": 3255, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09545.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, band keratopathy in both eyes, and keratitis in the right eye. They are currently off glaucoma medication as intraocular pressure is stable. No glaucoma procedures performed."} {"question_id": 3256, "question": "Is band keratopathy present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09545.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, band keratopathy in both eyes, and keratitis in the right eye. They are currently off glaucoma medication as intraocular pressure is stable. No glaucoma procedures performed."} {"question_id": 3257, "question": "Does the patient have keratitis in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09545.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, band keratopathy in both eyes, and keratitis in the right eye. They are currently off glaucoma medication as intraocular pressure is stable. No glaucoma procedures performed."} {"question_id": 3258, "question": "Is the patient currently off glaucoma medication due to stable intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09545.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, band keratopathy in both eyes, and keratitis in the right eye. They are currently off glaucoma medication as intraocular pressure is stable. No glaucoma procedures performed."} {"question_id": 3259, "question": "Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09545.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, band keratopathy in both eyes, and keratitis in the right eye. They are currently off glaucoma medication as intraocular pressure is stable. No glaucoma procedures performed."} {"question_id": 3260, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09546.jpg", "report": "Clinical note reveals presence of asthma, lymphadenopathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia. No mention of glaucoma. Future labs & procedures outlined."} {"question_id": 3261, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma according to the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09546.jpg", "report": "Clinical note reveals presence of asthma, lymphadenopathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia. No mention of glaucoma. Future labs & procedures outlined."} {"question_id": 3262, "question": "Is there an indication of lymphadenopathy in the clinical summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09546.jpg", "report": "Clinical note reveals presence of asthma, lymphadenopathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia. No mention of glaucoma. Future labs & procedures outlined."} {"question_id": 3263, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09546.jpg", "report": "Clinical note reveals presence of asthma, lymphadenopathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia. No mention of glaucoma. Future labs & procedures outlined."} {"question_id": 3264, "question": "Are future labs and procedures planned for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09546.jpg", "report": "Clinical note reveals presence of asthma, lymphadenopathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia. No mention of glaucoma. Future labs & procedures outlined."} {"question_id": 3265, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09547.jpg", "report": "Patient visited main campus and is suspected of having glaucoma. Optic disc photos of both eyes were taken. Orders for Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests were placed."} {"question_id": 3266, "question": "Were optic disc photos taken for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09547.jpg", "report": "Patient visited main campus and is suspected of having glaucoma. Optic disc photos of both eyes were taken. Orders for Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests were placed."} {"question_id": 3267, "question": "Were orders placed for Humphrey visual field tests?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09547.jpg", "report": "Patient visited main campus and is suspected of having glaucoma. Optic disc photos of both eyes were taken. Orders for Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests were placed."} {"question_id": 3268, "question": "Were optic nerve tests also ordered for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09547.jpg", "report": "Patient visited main campus and is suspected of having glaucoma. Optic disc photos of both eyes were taken. Orders for Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests were placed."} {"question_id": 3269, "question": "Has the patient experienced floaters in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3270, "question": "Did the patient undergo glaucoma testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3271, "question": "Were any retinal breaks found in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3272, "question": "Does the patient show an increased cup/disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3273, "question": "Is there evidence of glaucoma potential in the patient's eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3274, "question": "Is there any evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3275, "question": "Does the patient have early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3276, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09549.jpg", "report": "73-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes claimed floaters in right eye and underwent glaucoma testing. No retinal breaks found but showed increased cup/disc ratio which is indicative of glaucoma potential. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The patient also has early dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and a refractive error."} {"question_id": 3277, "question": "Does the patient have narrow angles in their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia."} {"question_id": 3278, "question": "Are the central retinal thickness (CRT) measurements 565 and 575 respectively?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia."} {"question_id": 3279, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure within normal limits, indicating no glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia."} {"question_id": 3280, "question": "Does the patient have stable hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia."} {"question_id": 3281, "question": "Does the patient have stable presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09553.jpg", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, CRT of 565/575, intraocular pressure is great in both eyes indicating no glaucoma. Also has stable hyperopia/presbyopia."} {"question_id": 3282, "question": "Is the 57-year-old female patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3283, "question": "Did the clinical findings reveal thin central corneal thickness (CCT) in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3284, "question": "Was superior thinning observed in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3285, "question": "Does the patient have a superior arcuate defect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3286, "question": "Is the patient also suffering from dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3287, "question": "Has the patient been referred to a glaucoma service for further evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09557.jpg", "report": "57 y.o. female suspect for glaucoma presented for eye examination. Clinical findings revealed thin cct, superior thinning in both eyes, and superior arcuate defect. Also suffers from dry eye. Referred to glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3288, "question": "Has the patient undergone retinal detachment surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping."} {"question_id": 3289, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping."} {"question_id": 3290, "question": "Does the patient have a history of uveitis associated with ankylosing spondylitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping."} {"question_id": 3291, "question": "Is the patient's uveitis currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping."} {"question_id": 3292, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in this patient due to optic cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09560.jpg", "report": "Patient underwent retinal detachment & cataract surgery and has history of uveitis due to ankylosing spondylitis; now stable. Glaucoma suspected due to optic cupping."} {"question_id": 3293, "question": "Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3294, "question": "Does the patient have right exotropia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3295, "question": "Is there a history of amblyopia in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3296, "question": "Has the patient undergone strabismus surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3297, "question": "Was a pituitary lesion removed endoscopically from the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3298, "question": "Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3299, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09561.jpg", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, right exotropia with amblyopia, undergone strabismus surgery, has a pituitary lesion which was removed endoscopically, and thinning retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye. No glaucoma is indicated."} {"question_id": 3300, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3301, "question": "Does the patient have ocular albinism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3302, "question": "Is the patient's peripheral vision limited?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3303, "question": "Does the patient have difficulties with depth perception?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3304, "question": "Does the patient experience difficulties in low light conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3305, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to consult with Dr. Comander?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09562.jpg", "report": "34 y.o male diagnosed with glaucoma. Has life-long ocular albinism, limited peripheral vision, depth perception, and low light difficulties. Will consult with Dr. Comander."} {"question_id": 3306, "question": "Has the patient been using brimonidine for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3307, "question": "Has the patient undergone dilation as part of their testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3308, "question": "Has the patient had a retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3309, "question": "Has the patient had a visual field test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3310, "question": "Were disc photos taken as part of the patient's examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3311, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09564.jpg", "report": "The patient has been using brimonidine for left eye and has had various tests including dilation, RNFL, visual field, and disc photos. They are due for a follow-up in a glaucoma clinic."} {"question_id": 3312, "question": "Is genetic optic atrophy suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up."} {"question_id": 3313, "question": "Did genetic testing for optic atrophy come back negative for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up."} {"question_id": 3314, "question": "Has the patient's recent iritis improved with the use of prednisolone?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up."} {"question_id": 3315, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up."} {"question_id": 3316, "question": "Is the plan to conduct research level testing and schedule a follow-up for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09570.jpg", "report": "Suspected genetic optic atrophy, despite negative genet testing. Recent iritis improved with prednisolone. No mention of glaucoma. Plan includes research level testing and follow-up."} {"question_id": 3317, "question": "Has the patient been evaluated for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3318, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3319, "question": "Is the likely diagnosis for the patient physiologic cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3320, "question": "Does the patient have a thin cornea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3321, "question": "Is the patient's risk for developing glaucoma considered very low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3322, "question": "Are regular eye exams suggested for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09573.jpg", "report": "79-year-old female evaluated for glaucoma. She has a family history of glaucoma (mother). Tests show likely physiologic cupping, thin cornea but glaucoma risk is very low. Regular eye exams are suggested."} {"question_id": 3323, "question": "Does the patient have elevated IgM anticardiolipin antibody levels?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09575.jpg", "report": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n"} {"question_id": 3324, "question": "Does the patient have a congenital color deficiency?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09575.jpg", "report": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n"} {"question_id": 3325, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09575.jpg", "report": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n"} {"question_id": 3326, "question": "Did the patient experience nausea during dye testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09575.jpg", "report": "The patient has elevated igm anticardiolipin antibody and congenital color deficiency. No mention of glaucoma. The patient got nauseous during dye testing.\n\n"} {"question_id": 3327, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3328, "question": "Is the right eye at an advanced stage of primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3329, "question": "Is the left eye at a mild stage of primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3330, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3331, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3332, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3333, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with ocular surface disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09576.jpg", "report": "The 85-year-old male patient, an ex-mathematician now working for Wolfram, has primary open-angle glaucoma. It is at an advanced stage in the right eye and mild stage in the left. He also has pseudophakia, wet age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and ocular surface disease."} {"question_id": 3334, "question": "Does the patient have mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09579.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids."} {"question_id": 3335, "question": "Is the left eye considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09579.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids."} {"question_id": 3336, "question": "Has the patient had treatments for iris bombe in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09579.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids."} {"question_id": 3337, "question": "Has the patient shown responses to steroid treatments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09579.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild uveitic glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left due to cup to disc ratio. She's had past treatments for iris bombe and responses to steroids."} {"question_id": 3338, "question": "Does the patient have severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3339, "question": "Is the left eye suspected of having glaucoma due to the cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3340, "question": "Has the patient shown intolerance to certain glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3341, "question": "Is there retinal nerve fiber thinning present in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3342, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure been controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3343, "question": "Has the patient declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3344, "question": "Does the patient have a mild pterygium in the left eye that is not significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3345, "question": "Is there a cataract present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09583.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Intolerant to certain glaucoma medications. Retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye. Controlled intraocular pressure, declined selective laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. Also has mild, not significant pterygium in left eye and cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3346, "question": "Does the patient have end-stage open angle glaucoma in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3347, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of mild primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3348, "question": "Did the patient's maternal uncle have a history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3349, "question": "Is there a possible history of eye trauma in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3350, "question": "Has the patient been non-compliant with the treatment for their high intraocular pressures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3351, "question": "Does this patient require increased monitoring due to their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09584.jpg", "report": "Patient has end-stage open angle glaucoma in left eye (OS) and mild primary open angle glaucoma in right eye (OD). Maternal uncle also had glaucoma. Possible history of eye trauma. Non-compliant with high pressures, needs increased monitoring."} {"question_id": 3352, "question": "Has the patient had a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3353, "question": "Has the patient received laser treatment for cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3354, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3355, "question": "Is the patient currently using Timolol and Xalatan for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3356, "question": "Is the eye pressure considered stable at the moment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3357, "question": "Is there evidence of increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3358, "question": "Is the patient experiencing visual field loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3359, "question": "Is a further glaucoma consultation recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09587.jpg", "report": "Patient had prior BRVO in right eye, laser treated cataract in both eyes, suspected glaucoma. On Timolol and Xalatan. Eye pressure stable, but there is increasing retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field loss. Further glaucoma consultation needed."} {"question_id": 3360, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3361, "question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio with the right eye greater than the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3362, "question": "Is there thinning observed in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3363, "question": "Does the patient have open angles as seen in gonioscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3364, "question": "Does the patient have a history of retinal tear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3365, "question": "Are there retinal detachment precautions in place for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3366, "question": "Is mild blepharitis present in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3367, "question": "Has a refractive error been noted in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09588.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d od>os, thinning ou, open gonio, and a history of retinal tear. Stable >rd precautions, mild blepharitis, and refractive error noted."} {"question_id": 3368, "question": "Is the patient of Hispanic ethnicity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09589.jpg", "report": "68-year-old Hispanic male with no diagnosed glaucoma. Prescreening completed."} {"question_id": 3369, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09589.jpg", "report": "68-year-old Hispanic male with no diagnosed glaucoma. Prescreening completed."} {"question_id": 3370, "question": "Has a prescreening been completed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09589.jpg", "report": "68-year-old Hispanic male with no diagnosed glaucoma. Prescreening completed."} {"question_id": 3371, "question": "Does the patient have advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3372, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) close to the target level?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3373, "question": "Are the patient's visual field tests showing stability?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3374, "question": "Has the patient undergone trabectome glaucoma procedures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3375, "question": "Does the patient possibly have allergies to some medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3376, "question": "Has the intraocular pressure (IOP) increased again recently?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09590.jpg", "report": "Patient has advanced-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with intraocular pressure (IOP) close to target but not ideal. Visual field tests stable. Undergone 'trabectome' glaucoma procedures. Possible allergies to some meds. IOP increased again."} {"question_id": 3377, "question": "Does the patient have presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3378, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3379, "question": "Is the patient experiencing intermittent blurry vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3380, "question": "Are over the counter readers not providing relief for the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3381, "question": "Is dry eye syndrome suspected to be a contributing factor to the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3382, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned as a concern for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09593.jpg", "report": "Patient has presbyopia and dry eye syndrome, experiencing worsening intermittent blurry vision. Over the counter readers not helping. Suspected dry eye suggested, glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3383, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3384, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3385, "question": "Is the patient currently using Xalatan as a medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3386, "question": "Is Timolol part of the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3387, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3388, "question": "Has a posterior vitreous detachment been diagnosed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3389, "question": "Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09596.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), stable intraocular pressure. On Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment. No diabetic retinopathy."} {"question_id": 3390, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call."} {"question_id": 3391, "question": "Is the patient also prescribed brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call."} {"question_id": 3392, "question": "Are the medications for the left eye prescribed to be administered three times a day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call."} {"question_id": 3393, "question": "Should questions regarding the patient's condition be directed to the glaucoma department?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call."} {"question_id": 3394, "question": "In case of an emergency, is the patient advised to contact the glaucoma physician on-call?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09599.jpg", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine/alphagan3 and brinzolamide/azopt for the left eye 3x/day. Contact glaucoma department with questions. EM contact: glaucoma physician on-call."} {"question_id": 3395, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09600.jpg", "report": "24-year-old white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Examined by PERSON MD, PhD in ophthalmology."} {"question_id": 3396, "question": "Was the examination conducted by a medical doctor with a PhD in ophthalmology?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09600.jpg", "report": "24-year-old white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Examined by PERSON MD, PhD in ophthalmology."} {"question_id": 3397, "question": "Does the patient have keratoconus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3398, "question": "Has the patient undergone previous penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in the right eye (od)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3399, "question": "Is the patient wearing a rigid gas permeable (rgp) lens in the left eye (os)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3400, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment (pvd) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3401, "question": "Is there a cataract present in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3402, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3403, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with a chiasmal tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3404, "question": "Is the chiasmal tumor stable on cabergoline treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3405, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09602.jpg", "report": "Patient has keratoconus, previous pkp od, rgp os, pvd od, cataract os, pseudophakia od, and a chiasmal tumor which is stable on cabergoline. No presence of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3406, "question": "Is the patient currently preparing for surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3407, "question": "Is the patient taking chlorhexidine as part of their pre-surgery preparation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3408, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3409, "question": "Is losartan one of the medications the patient is taking?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3410, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3411, "question": "Is squamous cell carcinoma one of the skin conditions the patient has?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3412, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09603.jpg", "report": "The patient is prepping for surgery, taking chlorhexidine, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan. Skin conditions involve basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3413, "question": "Does the patient's fundus image indicate a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09604.jpg", "report": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3414, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09604.jpg", "report": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3415, "question": "Was an independent interpretation of tests included in the patient's care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09604.jpg", "report": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3416, "question": "Does the summary include communication regarding patient management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09604.jpg", "report": "The note discusses test review, independent interpretation of tests, and communication regarding patient management. The patient shows a potential high risk of visual/neurological issues. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3417, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3418, "question": "Has the patient responded well to latanoprost for their glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3419, "question": "Was the observed intraocular pressure 17 in one eye and 20 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3420, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia with astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3421, "question": "Is the patient presbyopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3422, "question": "Has the patient started insulin for diabetes management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3423, "question": "Are the patient's Hemoglobin A1c levels high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09605.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma which has responded well to latanoprost. Other risk factors include diabetes and race. The observed intraocular pressure was 17/20. The patient also has hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and has begun insulin for diabetes management. Hemoglobin A1c levels are high."} {"question_id": 3424, "question": "Does the patient have a stable chronic illness associated with a risk of glaucoma progression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears."} {"question_id": 3425, "question": "Is the patient currently at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears."} {"question_id": 3426, "question": "Does the patient have good intraocular pressure (IOP) control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears."} {"question_id": 3427, "question": "Is the patient on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS (twice a day in the left eye)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears."} {"question_id": 3428, "question": "Is the patient using preservative-free artificial tears?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09609.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses and is at a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care. She has good IOP control, is on a regimen of Brimonidine BID OS, and uses preservative-free artificial tears."} {"question_id": 3429, "question": "Has the patient chosen to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty for glaucoma treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3430, "question": "Is there a risk of prolonged inflammation due to the laser trabeculoplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3431, "question": "Is there a risk of acute eye pressure elevation associated with the laser trabeculoplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3432, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3433, "question": "Are the cataracts considered visually significant?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09610.jpg", "report": "The patient chose to proceed with laser trabeculoplasty, a treatment for glaucoma, despite the risk of prolonged inflammation and acute eye pressure elevation. He also has mild, visually insignificant cataract in both eyes."} {"question_id": 3434, "question": "Does the patient exhibit visual symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09612.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3435, "question": "Are diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss present as symptoms for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09612.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3436, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09612.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3437, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09612.jpg", "report": "The patient has visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis including diplopia, vision loss, and visual field loss. They also have psoriatic arthritis. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3438, "question": "Does the patient have thinning of the optic nerve RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer)?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed."} {"question_id": 3439, "question": "Is there any presence of optic disc drusen in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed."} {"question_id": 3440, "question": "Does the patient show signs of hyperautofluorescence in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed."} {"question_id": 3441, "question": "Was there a low suspicion for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih) after the examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed."} {"question_id": 3442, "question": "Was there a need for further imaging to investigate idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih) for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09613.jpg", "report": "The patient has no thinning of optic nerve RNFL, GCC. No optic disc drusen or hyperaf is present. Examination results led to low suspicion for iih, so no imaging needed."} {"question_id": 3443, "question": "Is the patient experiencing vitreous floaters?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3444, "question": "Are the patient's rnfl and macular OCT tests normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3445, "question": "Does the patient show paracentral defects on hvf?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3446, "question": "Is there uncertainty about the cause of the defects, with a possibility it might be due to cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3447, "question": "Does the patient have an operculated retinal hole?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3448, "question": "Are the chorioretinal scars of the patient stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3449, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts that are considered borderline significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3450, "question": "Is there a slight myopic shift in the patient's left eye caused by the cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3451, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned as a condition affecting the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09615.jpg", "report": "59-year-old female with asthma, experiencing vitreous floaters, has normal rnfl and macular OCT tests but shows paracentral defects on hvf. Uncertainty on the cause hinted it might be due to cataracts. She has an operculated retinal hole or asymptomatic chorioretinal scars which are stable. She also has cataracts which are borderline significant at this point, causing slight myopic shift in her left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3452, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to optic nerve cupping and ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3453, "question": "Do both eyes show a full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3454, "question": "Does the right eye show some visual field defects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3455, "question": "Is there any record of the patient undergoing glaucoma-related procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3456, "question": "Does the patient have a thick central corneal thickness (CCT)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3457, "question": "Are there any other eye issues recorded for the patient besides the suspicion of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3458, "question": "Does the patient have minimal visual issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09619.jpg", "report": "Patient referred as glaucoma suspect due to cupping and ohtn. Both eyes show full RNFL/GCIPL. Right eye shows some visual field defects. No record of glaucoma procedures or other eye issues. Patient has thick CCT and minimal visual issues."} {"question_id": 3459, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3460, "question": "Is nuclear sclerosis present in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3461, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3462, "question": "Is there more cupping in the left eye compared to the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3463, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) readings normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3464, "question": "Have the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) tests yielded normal results for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3465, "question": "Are the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) scans normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3466, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09622.jpg", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy. More cupping in left eye than right. Normal IOP, HVF, OCT RNFL. No glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3467, "question": "Is the patient using latanoprost ophthalmic solution as a treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3468, "question": "Is the latanoprost ophthalmic solution likely being used to treat glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3469, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of rosacea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3470, "question": "Has the patient experienced an ankle sprain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3471, "question": "Has the patient had an episode of syncope?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3472, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3473, "question": "Is atrial fibrillation one of the patient's conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3474, "question": "Does the patient have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09623.jpg", "report": "The patient is using latanoprost ophthalmic solution for eyes nightly, suggesting a likely treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include rosacea, ankle sprain, syncope, migraine, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."} {"question_id": 3475, "question": "Does the patient have suspected glaucoma with an increased cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3476, "question": "Is there evidence of a deep excavated cup in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3477, "question": "Does the patient have a positive family history for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3478, "question": "Has the OCT test shown superior thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3479, "question": "Is the OCT test result for the left eye considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3480, "question": "Does the patient have vitreomacular traction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3481, "question": "Is the patient recommended to return for a check-up due to the vitreomacular traction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3482, "question": "Does the patient have a history of keratitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3483, "question": "Are the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in the patient stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09625.jpg", "report": "74 y.o. male with suspected glaucoma, showing increased c/d ratio, deep excavated cup, positive family history. OCT tests show superior thinning in right eye, normal left eye. He has vitreomacular traction and is recommended to return for a check. Additionally, patient has a history of keratitis and stable RPE changes."} {"question_id": 3484, "question": "Does the patient have high myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3485, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3486, "question": "Was the intraocular pressure (IOP) initially elevated after the cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3487, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3488, "question": "Did the patient have borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) prior to cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3489, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3490, "question": "Is the cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio a bit high for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3491, "question": "Has this patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09626.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient, high myopia, had cataract surgery. IOP elevated initially but is now normal. Borderline IOP prior to surgery, no family history of glaucoma. The C/D ratio a bit high. No diagnosed glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3492, "question": "Does the patient suffer from increased intraocular pressure in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3493, "question": "Are there symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3494, "question": "Does the left eye have narrow angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3495, "question": "Has the right eye undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3496, "question": "Is the right eye angle more open after the cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3497, "question": "Are there non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09631.jpg", "report": "The patient suffers from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. They have symptoms in both eyes related to medication side effects. Narrow eye angles persist in the left eye but the right eye is post cataract surgery with a more open eye. There are non-specific defects in the visual field of the right eye."} {"question_id": 3498, "question": "Does the clinical note suggest the use of punctal plugs for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09633.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses the use of punctal plugs in case of problems with preservative-free artificial tears. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3499, "question": "Is the patient currently experiencing problems with preservative-free artificial tears?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09633.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses the use of punctal plugs in case of problems with preservative-free artificial tears. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3500, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09633.jpg", "report": "The clinical note discusses the use of punctal plugs in case of problems with preservative-free artificial tears. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3501, "question": "Does the patient have moderate stage glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3502, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3503, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) 17 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3504, "question": "Are the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements 573 microns in the left eye and 571 microns in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3505, "question": "Is the macular hole in the right eye considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3506, "question": "Is the patient currently continuing treatment with latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09635.jpg", "report": "85 y.o. patient has moderate stage glaucoma & pseudophakia in both eyes. IOP 17/17, CCT 573/571. Macular hole in right eye is stable. Continues with latanoprost treatment."} {"question_id": 3507, "question": "Does the patient likely have mild primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3508, "question": "Was the glaucoma discovered during the use of topical steroids?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3509, "question": "Is the glaucoma more prominent in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3510, "question": "Does the patient have stable arcuate defects?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3511, "question": "Are the visual field changes in the superior part of the patient's eye fluctuating?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3512, "question": "Does the patient respond well to latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3513, "question": "Does the patient have dry age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3514, "question": "Is the age-related macular degeneration more severe in the left eye than in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3515, "question": "Is the patient's vision 20/25?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3516, "question": "Does the patient also suffer from pterygium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09639.jpg", "report": "The 75-year-old male patient likely has mild primary open angle glaucoma, which was discovered during use of topical steroid. The glaucoma is more prominent in the left eye (os). He has stable arcuate defects and fluctuating visual field changes in the superior part of his eye. He responds well to latanoprost and also has dry age-related macular degeneration (os>od). His vision is 20/25 and also suffers from pterygium."} {"question_id": 3517, "question": "Does the fundus image indicate any signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3518, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3519, "question": "Is the patient currently taking beclomethasone for her condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3520, "question": "Is the patient allergic to dog dander?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3521, "question": "Does the patient have a vitamin D deficiency?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3522, "question": "Has the patient suffered from a sprained right ankle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3523, "question": "Is the patient currently on a medication that includes omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3524, "question": "Does the patient have a history of abnormal mammogram results?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09641.jpg", "report": "The note mentions a female patient with no indication of glaucoma. Conditions include asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, cervical disc disease, abnormal mammogram, and sprained right ankle. Current medication includes beclomethasone and omega 3-DHA-EPA-fish oil. She's allergic to dog dander."} {"question_id": 3525, "question": "Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os."} {"question_id": 3526, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os."} {"question_id": 3527, "question": "Are there plans to add cosopt to the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os."} {"question_id": 3528, "question": "Does the patient have non-specific defects in their visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os."} {"question_id": 3529, "question": "Is there a thin area present in the left eye's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09642.jpg", "report": "68 y.o. patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) in the left eye (os). Undergoing treatment with latanoprost with plans to add cosopt. Non-specific defects in visual field, thin area in os."} {"question_id": 3530, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for complex cataract surgery in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 3531, "question": "Is the patient also scheduled for g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 3532, "question": "Does the patient have secondary glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 3533, "question": "Is the age-related cataract present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 3534, "question": "Is the patient currently taking blood thinners?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09643.jpg", "report": "Patient scheduled for complex cataract and g-probe cyclophotocoagulation surgery in left eye due to secondary glaucoma and age-related cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 3535, "question": "Does the patient have stable chronic eye conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09646.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen."} {"question_id": 3536, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) well-controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09646.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen."} {"question_id": 3537, "question": "Does the patient have a moderate risk of glaucoma progression if not properly managed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09646.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen."} {"question_id": 3538, "question": "Is the patient currently on a prescription drug regimen for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09646.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The patient has a moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care, continuing on a prescription drug regimen."} {"question_id": 3539, "question": "Is the patient experiencing an earache?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3540, "question": "Is the patient suffering from a headache?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3541, "question": "Has the patient experienced weight loss related to jaw pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3542, "question": "Is there a risk of cardiac impacts due to the patient's current condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3543, "question": "Is there a risk of blindness in the patient's left eye if the condition worsens?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3544, "question": "Does the patient have kidney dysfunction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3545, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a lamellar hole?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3546, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with iritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3547, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with scleritis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3548, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with uveitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3549, "question": "Is it possible that the patient's eye conditions are autoimmune in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3550, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09648.jpg", "report": "Patient complains of earache, headache, and weight loss due to jaw pain. Risk of cardiac impacts and blindness in left eye if current condition worsens. Has kidney dysfunction, history of lamellar hole, iritis, scleritis, uveitis- potentially autoimmune. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3551, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3552, "question": "Does the patient have large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratios in their eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3553, "question": "Could the large c/d ratios be due to physiological cupping from large nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3554, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3555, "question": "Is there an increase in eye pressure observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3556, "question": "Is there borderline temporal thinning present in the patient's eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3557, "question": "Is the patient starting treatment specifically for eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3558, "question": "Is a follow-up intraocular pressure (IOP) check scheduled for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09650.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d, possibly due to physiological cupping from large nerves. He has a family history of glaucoma, increasing eye pressure, and borderline temporal thinning. He's starting treatment for eye pressure, followed by an IOP check."} {"question_id": 3559, "question": "Is there an indication of cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry with the left eye greater than the right?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3560, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3561, "question": "Was superior thinning noted in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3562, "question": "Is the superior thinning possibly due to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3563, "question": "Has a new posterior vitreous detachment been observed in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3564, "question": "Was the patient's overminused vision corrected with an update in lens prescription?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3565, "question": "Does the patient have a history of thyroid cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3566, "question": "Is the patient a retina surgeon?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3567, "question": "Does the patient also have hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09651.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 60-year-old ophthalmology chair and retina surgeon with hypertension and history of thyroid cancer. There is an indication of c/d asymmetry os>od with a family history of glaucoma. Noted superior thinning in both eyes, possibly due to pvd. Also, a new pvd was observed in the left eye. Overminused vision corrected with lens prescription updates."} {"question_id": 3568, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of increased cup to disc ratios?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3569, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) within normal range for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3570, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3571, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3572, "question": "Does the patient suffer from astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3573, "question": "Is the patient also experiencing presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3574, "question": "Does the patient have dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09655.jpg", "report": "Patient, a retired bartender, suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup to disc ratios. IOP normal, no family history. Also has hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and dry eye syndrome."} {"question_id": 3575, "question": "Does the patient have a history of trauma or kidney disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3576, "question": "Is the maximum intraocular pressure stated in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3577, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3578, "question": "Are the gonioscopy results clear in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3579, "question": "Are the HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) results clearly stated in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3580, "question": "Are the RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) results specified in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3581, "question": "Does the patient have allergies to glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3582, "question": "Has the patient undergone previous intraocular surgeries?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3583, "question": "Are the OCT-GCC (Optical Coherence Tomography - Ganglion Cell Complex) findings defined in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3584, "question": "Are the IOP (Intraocular Pressure) goals outlined in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3585, "question": "Are underlying social or systemic issues mentioned in the summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3586, "question": "Is the presence of glaucoma confirmed for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09661.jpg", "report": "The patient has trauma or kidney disease. The maximum intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness aren't stated. The gonioscopy, HVF, and RNFL results are unclear. The patient has allergies to glaucoma medications and previous intraocular surgeries. The OCT-GCC findings, IOP goals and underlying social/systemic issues are undefined. The presence of glaucoma isn't confirmed."} {"question_id": 3587, "question": "Is the patient currently taking latanoprost for their eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3588, "question": "Has the patient been ordered to undergo visual field testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3589, "question": "Has the patient been ordered to undergo optic nerve testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3590, "question": "Does the patient have a history of headache?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3591, "question": "Does the patient have a seizure disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3592, "question": "Does the patient suffer from sensorineural hearing loss?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09666.jpg", "report": "Patient takes depakote, nadolol, tiotropium, and latanoprost (for eyes). Orders for visual field and optic nerve tests. Conditions include headache, seizure disorder, sensorineural hearing loss."} {"question_id": 3593, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3594, "question": "Is the condition of glaucoma worsening in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3595, "question": "Has there been a history of disc heme in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3596, "question": "Are there possible changes in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3597, "question": "Is the patient starting to develop cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3598, "question": "Is therapy being considered for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09670.jpg", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with the condition worsening in the left eye. They have a history of disc heme in the right eye, possible changes in the left eye, and cataracts starting to develop. Therapy under consideration."} {"question_id": 3599, "question": "Is the patient free from a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09672.jpg", "report": "71-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3600, "question": "Is the patient 71 years old?\n", "answer": "Yes, but please note that age cannot be determined from the fundus image itself; this information is provided in the summary.", "image": "slo_fundus_09672.jpg", "report": "71-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3601, "question": "Is the patient male?\n", "answer": "Yes, but again, gender cannot be determined from the fundus image; it is provided in the summary.", "image": "slo_fundus_09672.jpg", "report": "71-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3602, "question": "Does Ms. PERSON have optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3603, "question": "Is Ms. PERSON currently undergoing treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3604, "question": "Has Ms. PERSON been prescribed IOP lowering therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3605, "question": "Did the MRI reveal any optic nerve abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3606, "question": "Were multiple T2 white matter lesions identified on Ms. PERSON's MRI?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3607, "question": "Is Ms. PERSON being referred to Dr. PERSON for a potential neuro-inflammatory disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3608, "question": "Apart from vertigo, does Ms. PERSON have a history of any other symptoms?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3609, "question": "Is Ms. PERSON continuing to use latanoprost for her eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3610, "question": "Is the goal for Ms. PERSON's IOP to be in the low teens?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09674.jpg", "report": "Ms. PERSON has optic neuropathy related to optic disc drusen. She's under Dr. PERSON's care for glaucoma and IOP lowering therapy. MRI showed no optic nerve abnormalities but multiple T2 white matter lesions. Referred to Dr. PERSON for potential neuro-inflammatory disorder. No symptom history apart from vertigo. Will continue latanoprost, goal of low teens IOP. Further consultation scheduled in DATE_TIME.\n"} {"question_id": 3611, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect based on the optic cup-to-disc ratio appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3612, "question": "Has the patient experienced blunt trauma to the left eye in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3613, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3614, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures (IOP) recorded as 15 in one eye and 16 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3615, "question": "Are the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements 565 micrometers in one eye and 548 micrometers in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3616, "question": "Is there a macular scar in the left eye due to previous trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3617, "question": "Does the patient have a senile cataract in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3618, "question": "Is the senile cataract in the right eye significantly impacting the patient's daily activities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3619, "question": "Was a new prescription for eyeglasses issued for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09678.jpg", "report": "The patient, a female, is a suspect for glaucoma, largely based on the appearance of her optic cup-to-disc ratio. Medical history shows a blunt trauma to the left eye in the past. No family history of glaucoma. IOP (15/16) and CCT (565/548) are also noted. Macular scar detected in left eye due to previous blunt trauma. Patient has senile cataract in her right eye which is not significantly impacting her daily activities. A new prescription for eyeglasses was issued."} {"question_id": 3620, "question": "Does the patient have stable optical coherence tomography findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3621, "question": "Are the Humphrey visual field results fluctuating?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3622, "question": "Are the Humphrey visual field results within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3623, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the left eye being managed with medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3624, "question": "Has the patient undergone surgery in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3625, "question": "Is the post-surgery condition of the right eye considered good?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3626, "question": "Is glaucoma currently a concern for this patient according to the provided summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09681.jpg", "report": "Stable optical coherence tomography; fluctuating but normal Humphrey visual field; intraocular pressure managed with medication in left eye; post-surgery right eye is good; glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 3627, "question": "Does the patient show signs of primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3628, "question": "Is the cup-to-disc ratio asymmetrical in the patient's fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3629, "question": "Does the patient have a history of advanced glaucoma in her family?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3630, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3631, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3632, "question": "Were any retinal issues detected in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09683.jpg", "report": "48-year-old female with signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) based on c:d asymmetry and history of advanced glaucoma in mother. Current IOP controlled. Has posterior vitreous detachment, no retinal issues were found."} {"question_id": 3633, "question": "Does the patient have both ocular and oral involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3634, "question": "Is the patient currently taking medications such as Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3635, "question": "Does the patient suffer from Trichiasis in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3636, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3637, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) currently controlled for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3638, "question": "Is the patient satisfied with their monovision treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3639, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up as recommended?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09685.jpg", "report": "73 y.o. female has ocular and oral involvement. On medications including Cellcept, Prednisone, and Rituxan. Has Trichiasis OU and POAG(s) based on increased C:D ratio OU. IOP controlled, patient is happy with monovision. F/u as scheduled."} {"question_id": 3640, "question": "Is the patient currently on a medication regimen for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09687.jpg", "report": "Patient is on eye medication regimen for glaucoma: timolol 1x/night, brimonidine 2x/day, dorzolamide & rhopressa 3x/day. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z."} {"question_id": 3641, "question": "Does the patient's medication regimen include timolol once a night?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09687.jpg", "report": "Patient is on eye medication regimen for glaucoma: timolol 1x/night, brimonidine 2x/day, dorzolamide & rhopressa 3x/day. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z."} {"question_id": 3642, "question": "Is brimonidine part of the patient's medication regimen to be taken twice a day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09687.jpg", "report": "Patient is on eye medication regimen for glaucoma: timolol 1x/night, brimonidine 2x/day, dorzolamide & rhopressa 3x/day. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z."} {"question_id": 3643, "question": "Are dorzolamide and rhopressa taken three times a day by the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09687.jpg", "report": "Patient is on eye medication regimen for glaucoma: timolol 1x/night, brimonidine 2x/day, dorzolamide & rhopressa 3x/day. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z."} {"question_id": 3644, "question": "Are latanoprost, xalatan, and travatan z mentioned as alternative medications for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09687.jpg", "report": "Patient is on eye medication regimen for glaucoma: timolol 1x/night, brimonidine 2x/day, dorzolamide & rhopressa 3x/day. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z."} {"question_id": 3645, "question": "Does the patient have a history of intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3646, "question": "Has the patient presented with bilateral blurry vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3647, "question": "Is there optic nerve head edema observed in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3648, "question": "Are there signs of glaucoma noted in the eye images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3649, "question": "Has syphilis testing been recommended for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3650, "question": "Does the patient have a history of IV drug use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3651, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with endocarditis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09689.jpg", "report": "Woman with history of intracranial hypertension, IV drug use, and endocarditis presents with bilateral blurry vision. No optic nerve head edema or signs of glaucoma noted. Syphilis testing recommended."} {"question_id": 3652, "question": "Is the patient currently on glaucoma medications without any reported intolerances?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09690.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma meds with no intolerances. Optic neuropathy in right eye, being monitored without topical treatment. Superior/inferior thinning in right eye's retinal nerve fiber layer."} {"question_id": 3653, "question": "Does the patient have optic neuropathy in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09690.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma meds with no intolerances. Optic neuropathy in right eye, being monitored without topical treatment. Superior/inferior thinning in right eye's retinal nerve fiber layer."} {"question_id": 3654, "question": "Is the optic neuropathy in the right eye being monitored without the use of topical treatments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09690.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma meds with no intolerances. Optic neuropathy in right eye, being monitored without topical treatment. Superior/inferior thinning in right eye's retinal nerve fiber layer."} {"question_id": 3655, "question": "Is there thinning in the superior and inferior segments of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09690.jpg", "report": "Patient on glaucoma meds with no intolerances. Optic neuropathy in right eye, being monitored without topical treatment. Superior/inferior thinning in right eye's retinal nerve fiber layer."} {"question_id": 3656, "question": "Does the fundus image show an asymmetric optic disc that could suggest potential glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09702.jpg", "report": "The 64-year-old patient, a copier technician/mechanic with a history of hypercholesterolemia, is observed to have an asymmetric optic disc which might indicate potential glaucoma, but requires further monitoring. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 3657, "question": "Does the patient need further monitoring to confirm the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09702.jpg", "report": "The 64-year-old patient, a copier technician/mechanic with a history of hypercholesterolemia, is observed to have an asymmetric optic disc which might indicate potential glaucoma, but requires further monitoring. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 3658, "question": "Does the patient have a history of cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09702.jpg", "report": "The 64-year-old patient, a copier technician/mechanic with a history of hypercholesterolemia, is observed to have an asymmetric optic disc which might indicate potential glaucoma, but requires further monitoring. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 3659, "question": "Is hypercholesterolemia part of the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09702.jpg", "report": "The 64-year-old patient, a copier technician/mechanic with a history of hypercholesterolemia, is observed to have an asymmetric optic disc which might indicate potential glaucoma, but requires further monitoring. Patient also has cataracts."} {"question_id": 3660, "question": "Does the patient have enlarged optic nerve cups?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3661, "question": "Does the patient show normal neuro-ophthalmic function?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3662, "question": "Is the patient likely to have physiologic cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3663, "question": "Is there mild sloping of the superior disc in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3664, "question": "Does the patient require monitoring for the condition observed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3665, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09703.jpg", "report": "The patient has enlarged optic nerve cups but shows normal neuro-ophthalmic function. Likely has physiologic cupping, with mild sloping of superior disc, which requires monitoring. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3666, "question": "Does the patient have borderline glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3667, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3668, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the right eye 21?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3669, "question": "Is there observed thinning of the ganglion cell layer in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3670, "question": "Is the thinning of the ganglion cell layer more pronounced in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3671, "question": "May the patient's glaucoma be associated with steroid use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09708.jpg", "report": "Patient with borderline glaucoma in both eyes and a family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure of 21 in right eye. Observed thinning of ganglion cell layer in both eyes, but more pronounced in right. Patient's glaucoma may be associated with steroid use."} {"question_id": 3672, "question": "Does the patient report the presence of intermittent floaters that have remained unchanged for a long time?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3673, "question": "Does the patient deny experiencing flashes of light in their vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3674, "question": "Does the patient report any ocular pain?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3675, "question": "Is the patient experiencing irritation in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3676, "question": "Does the patient report the sensation of foreign bodies (fbs) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3677, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09709.jpg", "report": "Patient has longstanding, unchanged intermittent floaters but denies flashes and ocular pain. Reports irritation and fbs presence in right eye. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 3678, "question": "Does the patient have stable primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3679, "question": "Has the patient shown consistent visual field results?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3680, "question": "Has the patient's intraocular pressure been reduced?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3681, "question": "Are latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine part of the patient's treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3682, "question": "Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09710.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with consistent visual field and reduced intraocular pressure. Treatments include latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3683, "question": "Does the patient have uveitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3684, "question": "Is there head swelling associated with the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3685, "question": "Are there visual field defects indicating optic nerve involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3686, "question": "Is there a vitreous hemorrhage present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3687, "question": "Can retinal hemorrhages be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3688, "question": "Has the cause of uveitis been determined for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3689, "question": "Is glaucoma mentioned as a current condition for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09718.jpg", "report": "Patient has uveitis causing head swelling, visual field defects suggesting optic nerve involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages. Cause of uveitis is unknown. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."} {"question_id": 3690, "question": "Is the male patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3691, "question": "Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3692, "question": "Does the fundus image show cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry and deep cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3693, "question": "Were the patient's recent tests for glaucoma normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3694, "question": "Has the patient been advised to use warm compresses for styes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3695, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3696, "question": "Is the patient hyperopic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3697, "question": "Does the patient have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3698, "question": "Does the patient exhibit signs of presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3699, "question": "Are there mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3700, "question": "Does the patient have dermatochalasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3701, "question": "Is ptosis evident in the patient's eye(s)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09719.jpg", "report": "Male patient is a glaucoma suspect, with age and other risks such as c/d asym and deep cupping. No family history of glaucoma, recent tests normal. Advised warm compresses for styes. Has dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild cataracts, dermatochalasis, and ptosis."} {"question_id": 3702, "question": "Does the patient have open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3703, "question": "Was Tobradex used post-operation for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3704, "question": "Does the patient exhibit a constricted visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3705, "question": "Has the patient noticed any changes in their visual field?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3706, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure goal for this patient less than 20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3707, "question": "Is there possible progression in the appearance of the patient's optic nerve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3708, "question": "Is the optic nerve photo currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3709, "question": "Is the current plan to monitor the patient without the use of eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3710, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to return to the clinic in 9-12 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09726.jpg", "report": "The patient has open-angle glaucoma based on increased cup to disc ratio. Tobradex was used post operation which responded quickly. The patient shows constriction in their visual field but it appears stable and they haven't noticed changes. The intraocular pressure goal is less than 20. They show possible progression in nerve appearance, but their nerve photo is stable. Current plan is to monitor the patient without eye drops and return to the clinic in 9-12 months."} {"question_id": 3711, "question": "Can glaucoma be confirmed in the patient based on the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09737.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide details on the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition."} {"question_id": 3712, "question": "Does the summary specify if the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09737.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide details on the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition."} {"question_id": 3713, "question": "Is there detailed information on glaucoma presence in the patient's file?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09737.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide details on the presence of glaucoma in the patient's condition."} {"question_id": 3714, "question": "Does the patient have primary angle closure glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3715, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's paternal aunt?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3716, "question": "Has the patient been experiencing severe headaches?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3717, "question": "Is the patient currently continuing with prescribed eye medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3718, "question": "Is the patient considering lens extraction for long-term intraocular pressure control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3719, "question": "Has consent for Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) in the left eye (OS) been obtained for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3720, "question": "Does the patient have iris ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3721, "question": "Are there any noted social or systemic issues related to the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09739.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary angle closure glaucoma. History of glaucoma in family (paternal aunt). Has been experiencing severe headaches. Continuing with prescribed eye medication, but considering lens extraction for long-term IOP control. Consent for LPI OS obtained. Has iris ischemia. No social/systemic issue."} {"question_id": 3722, "question": "Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU."} {"question_id": 3723, "question": "Is the patient considered a suspect for glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU."} {"question_id": 3724, "question": "Was the patient prescribed Latanoprost for their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU."} {"question_id": 3725, "question": "Has an OCT RNFL defect been previously noted for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU."} {"question_id": 3726, "question": "Does gonioscopy reveal a long ciliary body band (CBB) in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09741.jpg", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and is a suspect for right eye. They were prescribed Latanoprost. Noted OCT RNFL defect previously. Gonioscopy shows long CBB OU."} {"question_id": 3727, "question": "Does the fundus image show any signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09748.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. Other mentioned details include nystagmus and patient gateway activation."} {"question_id": 3728, "question": "Is nystagmus present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09748.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. Other mentioned details include nystagmus and patient gateway activation."} {"question_id": 3729, "question": "Has the patient activated their patient gateway?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09748.jpg", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. Other mentioned details include nystagmus and patient gateway activation."} {"question_id": 3730, "question": "Does the patient have a corneal abrasion due to injury from a squash racket?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3731, "question": "Has the patient reported experiencing occasional floaters?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3732, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma based on cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3733, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient considered borderline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3734, "question": "Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09750.jpg", "report": "58yo with hyperlipidemia, injured by squash racket causing corneal abrasion. Notes occasional floaters. Suspected glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry; low suspicion, borderline IOP. Mild cataracts present."} {"question_id": 3735, "question": "Did the male patient present for a diabetic eye exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3736, "question": "Is the patient's A1C level slightly high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3737, "question": "Has the patient's A1C level improved since the last visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3738, "question": "Is the patient considered a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3739, "question": "Does the patient have normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3740, "question": "Has the patient undergone a macular scan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3741, "question": "Is the patient experiencing contact dermatitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3742, "question": "Is the contact dermatitis possibly related to mask use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09752.jpg", "report": "Male patient with DM2 presented for a diabetic eye exam. His A1C level is slightly high but better than last visit. He is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect with normal IOP and mac scan. Reports having contact dermatitis possibly due to mask use."} {"question_id": 3743, "question": "Does the patient have high intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09755.jpg", "report": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed."} {"question_id": 3744, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure indicative of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09755.jpg", "report": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed."} {"question_id": 3745, "question": "Has the patient responded well to latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09755.jpg", "report": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed."} {"question_id": 3746, "question": "Is there a need for a follow-up for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09755.jpg", "report": "The patient has high intraocular pressure (30/24, 31/25), indicative of glaucoma, and has responded well to latanoprost. No follow-up needed."} {"question_id": 3747, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3748, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3749, "question": "Is hypertension one of the patient's medical conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3750, "question": "Does the patient have a history of thyroid cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3751, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with osteopenia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3752, "question": "Does the patient suffer from asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3753, "question": "Are heart issues part of the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3754, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09758.jpg", "report": "The clinical note reveals the patient has hypothyroidism, breast cancer, hypertension, thyroid cancer, osteopenia, asthma, heart issues, and glaucoma, among other conditions."} {"question_id": 3755, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3756, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3757, "question": "Is there an immature cataract present in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3758, "question": "Has the patient undergone retinal detachment repair with a scleral buckle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3759, "question": "Can vitreous debris be observed in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3760, "question": "Has the patient been referred to a glaucoma service?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3761, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) stable for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09762.jpg", "report": "70 y.o. male patient diagnosed with glaucoma, has pseudophakia, immature cataract, retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle and vitreous debris. Referred to glaucoma service, iop stable."} {"question_id": 3762, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required."} {"question_id": 3763, "question": "Is the patient currently using Lumigan for treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required."} {"question_id": 3764, "question": "Did gonioscopy reveal open angles in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required."} {"question_id": 3765, "question": "May the patient have pre-perimetric glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required."} {"question_id": 3766, "question": "Is extra follow-up required for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09766.jpg", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), currently using Lumigan. Gonioscopy shows open angles. It's mentioned the patient may have pre-perimetric glaucoma, with extra follow-up required."} {"question_id": 3767, "question": "Does the patient have a low suspicion for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3768, "question": "Does the patient have a crowded optic disc?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3769, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3770, "question": "Are the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) and ganglion cell layer (gcl) normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3771, "question": "Are there nonspecific changes noted in the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) 24-2 test?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3772, "question": "Has the patient had a history of stye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3773, "question": "Is there a history of macular degeneration in the patient's family?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09768.jpg", "report": "Female patient with low suspicion for glaucoma. Risks include crowded optic disc and family history of glaucoma. Normal rnfl and gcl. Nonspecific HVF 24-2 changes. Also has history of stye and macular degeneration in family."} {"question_id": 3774, "question": "Does the patient have stable blepharitis and dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3775, "question": "Are the cataracts in the patient's eyes considered somewhat visually significant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3776, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3777, "question": "Does the patient have ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3778, "question": "Is the patient's corneal thickness (pachymetry) considered thin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3779, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressures slightly higher than normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3780, "question": "Is the patient currently prescribed latanoprost for the treatment of glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3781, "question": "Has the patient recently been unable to take latanoprost due to a lack of supply?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3782, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3783, "question": "Has the patient lost her glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09771.jpg", "report": "The patient has stable blepharitis/dry eyes and somewhat visually significant cataracts. She is suspect for glaucoma with an increased cup to disc ratio, ocular hypertension, thin pachymetry, and slightly higher intraocular pressure. The patient is on treatment with latanoprost for glaucoma suspect/ocular hypertension, which was not taken recently due to lack of supply. She also has a refractive error and has lost her glasses."} {"question_id": 3784, "question": "Has the micro-hyphema in the patient's eye resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3785, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3786, "question": "Does the patient exhibit physiologic cupping with large nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3787, "question": "Is the OCT nerve fiber layer analysis normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3788, "question": "Did the patient's mother have a history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3789, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergic conjunctivitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09773.jpg", "report": "The 47-year-old male patient, who once had micro-hyphema which has now resolved, is considered a glaucoma suspect due to physiologic cupping with large nerves. However, OCT nerve is normal. Mother may have had glaucoma. Also suffers from allergic conjunctivitis."} {"question_id": 3790, "question": "Does the patient report experiencing a black spot in her vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3791, "question": "Does the patient have a large cup-to-disc ratio in the eye with visual changes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3792, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure within normal range for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3793, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3794, "question": "Does the patient have a history of cancer?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3795, "question": "Has the patient recently suffered from flu-like illnesses?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3796, "question": "Was the patient referred to a Retina specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3797, "question": "Was the patient also referred to Oral Medicine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09774.jpg", "report": "55-year-old female patient with visual changes, notably a black spot in her eye. She has large cup-to-disc ratio, but normal intraocular pressure. No glaucoma detected. No history of cancer or recent flu-like illnesses. She was referred to Retina and Oral Medicine."} {"question_id": 3798, "question": "Is the patient non-diabetic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3799, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed pre-operative topical and antibiotic medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3800, "question": "Is an intraocular pressure (IOP) check scheduled for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3801, "question": "Is a Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test scheduled for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3802, "question": "If intraocular pressure remains above the target goal, is MicroPulse CycloPhotocoagulation (MP CPC) or medication restart being considered?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3803, "question": "Is there a direct mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09775.jpg", "report": "Patient has no diabetes. Pre-op medications include topical and antibiotic. IOP check and HVF OU scheduled. If IOP persists above goal, MP CPC or restart suggested. No direct mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3804, "question": "Is the patient currently taking Benicar (40mg) for their treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given."} {"question_id": 3805, "question": "Is the patient currently on a high dose of Prednisone (80mg)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given."} {"question_id": 3806, "question": "Has the patient been referred to Ophthalmology for multiple eye tests?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given."} {"question_id": 3807, "question": "Are the ordered eye tests including an evaluation for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given."} {"question_id": 3808, "question": "Has the patient received any immunizations related to their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09777.jpg", "report": "The patient is on Benicar (40mg) and Prednisone (80mg). They are referred to Ophthalmology with orders for multiple eye tests, including for glaucoma. No immunizations were given."} {"question_id": 3809, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09778.jpg", "report": "78 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3810, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3811, "question": "Does the patient have hyperopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3812, "question": "Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3813, "question": "Is there an enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3814, "question": "Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3815, "question": "Is the patient's vision 20/20 in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3816, "question": "Is the patient's vision 20/25 in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09783.jpg", "report": "The 65-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma due to an enlarged c/d ratio. He has hyperopia and presbyopia, enlarged nuclear and cortical cataract, and a posterior vitreous detachment. His vision is 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left.\n"} {"question_id": 3817, "question": "Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3818, "question": "Are cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3819, "question": "Is there a follow-up appointment scheduled for the patient to check intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3820, "question": "Are disc photos planned to be taken during the follow-up appointment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3821, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09785.jpg", "report": "Patient discussed pseudoexfoliation (pxf), cataracts and their connection. Follow-up appointment scheduled for an IOP check and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3822, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma with worse conditions in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3823, "question": "Are the patient's intraocular pressures difficult to control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3824, "question": "Is the patient's vision loss attributed to glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3825, "question": "Has the patient undergone tube shunt surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3826, "question": "Has it been a while since the patient last saw a glaucoma specialist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3827, "question": "Is the patient currently using steroids?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09787.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, worse in the right eye with hard to control pressures. His vision loss is due to glaucoma despite a tube shunt surgery. He hasn't seen a glaucoma doctor in a while and has been on steroids."} {"question_id": 3828, "question": "Does the patient experience migraines with aura?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3829, "question": "Is the patient experiencing blurriness in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3830, "question": "Does the patient have a history of psoriasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3831, "question": "Is Crohn's disease part of the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3832, "question": "Is the patient currently following up on her eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3833, "question": "Has the patient noticed a decrease in vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3834, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09788.jpg", "report": "73-year-old female has migraines with aura and right eye blurriness. She has a past medical history of psoriasis and Crohn's disease and is here for follow-up. Noticed a decrease in vision. Glaucoma is suspected."} {"question_id": 3835, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09799.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances."} {"question_id": 3836, "question": "Are narrow angles noted in both eyes of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09799.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances."} {"question_id": 3837, "question": "Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09799.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances."} {"question_id": 3838, "question": "Has the patient shown intolerances to any glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09799.jpg", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old female suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio, with narrow angles noted in both eyes. She also has mild cataracts in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances."} {"question_id": 3839, "question": "Has the patient undergone visual tests for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3840, "question": "Does the patient have a diagnosis of asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3841, "question": "Is the patient suffering from depression?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3842, "question": "Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3843, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with reflux disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3844, "question": "Is hypertension one of the patient's health conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3845, "question": "Is the patient experiencing ankle pain?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3846, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09800.jpg", "report": "The patient underwent visual tests for both eyes and has asthma, depression, diabetes type 2, reflux disease, hypertension, and ankle pain. No mention of glaucoma found."} {"question_id": 3847, "question": "Does the patient have a nuclear cataract in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3848, "question": "Is there evidence of nuclear sclerosis in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3849, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia with an intraocular lens (IOL) in the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3850, "question": "Are there pigment macular changes present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3851, "question": "Does the patient suffer from blepharitis in both eyes (OU)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3852, "question": "Has posterior vitreous detachment been diagnosed in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3853, "question": "Is the patient experiencing ocular hypertension in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3854, "question": "Has glaucoma been detected in either of the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09802.jpg", "report": "82 y.o. male dentist has severe neck problems, nuclear cataract os nuclear sclerosis, pseudophakia od iol stable, pigment macular changes os, blepharitis ou, posterior vitreous detachment os, and ocular hypertension ou. No glaucoma detected."} {"question_id": 3855, "question": "Does the fundus image show any signs of infection?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09804.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no symptoms of infection or comorbidities during a pre-visit screening. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3856, "question": "Are there any comorbidities noted in the patient's pre-visit screening?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09804.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no symptoms of infection or comorbidities during a pre-visit screening. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3857, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's eye examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09804.jpg", "report": "The patient shows no symptoms of infection or comorbidities during a pre-visit screening. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3858, "question": "Does the patient have borderline increased eye pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3859, "question": "Does the patient have thick corneas?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3860, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma for the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3861, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3862, "question": "Does the patient suffer from allergic conjunctivitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3863, "question": "Is there a choroidal nevus present in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3864, "question": "Is the patient's vernal irritation associated with pollen exposure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3865, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hyperlipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3866, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with depression and anxiety?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3867, "question": "Does the patient experience panic attacks?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09806.jpg", "report": "62 yo woman with hyperlipidemia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, vernal irritation with pollen has borderline increased eye pressure, but thick corneas, no glaucoma. History of dry eyes, allergic conjunctivitis, choroidal nevus OS."} {"question_id": 3868, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09807.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. No procedures listed."} {"question_id": 3869, "question": "Has the patient undergone any eye-related procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09807.jpg", "report": "51 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. No procedures listed."} {"question_id": 3870, "question": "Does the patient have a history of a fall and car accident?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3871, "question": "Has the patient stopped driving as a result of the fall and car accident?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3872, "question": "Is the goal to control the intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to 15 mmHg or lower?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3873, "question": "Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) at 21 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3874, "question": "Is an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 21 mmHg considered borderline high?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3875, "question": "Is the borderline high IOP indicative of possible glaucoma in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3876, "question": "Is the patient going to pursue topical therapy to manage their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09809.jpg", "report": "Patient had a fall & car accident. Doesn't drive anymore. Plan includes controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes to \u2264 15 mmHg. Current IOP is 21 mmHg, borderline high, indicative of possible glaucoma. Will pursue topical therapy."} {"question_id": 3877, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3878, "question": "Does the patient suffer from hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3879, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with bipolar disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3880, "question": "Is the patient's declining vision attributed to the presence of a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3881, "question": "Is myopic degeneration one of the reasons for the patient's declining vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3882, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3883, "question": "Is the patient being considered for combined glaucoma and cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3884, "question": "Is the patient at high risk for glaucoma, with the left eye (OS) being more affected than the right eye (OD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09812.jpg", "report": "69 yo woman has a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and bipolar disorder. Reports declining vision due to cataract, myopic degeneration and glaucoma. Might be considered for combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. High risk for glaucoma (c/d os>od)."} {"question_id": 3885, "question": "Does the patient have optic papillitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3886, "question": "Is there a presence of outer retinitis in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3887, "question": "Is the abnormal spinal fluid possibly associated with myxopapillary ependymoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3888, "question": "Does the patient have a visual acuity of 20/20?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3889, "question": "Were inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3890, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09814.jpg", "report": "Patient has optic papillitis, outer retinitis, & abnormal spinal fluid possibly linked to myxopapillary ependymoma. Visual acuity 20/20. Inflammatory retinal/choroidal lesions found in right eye. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3891, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3892, "question": "Does the patient lack a known family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3893, "question": "Has the patient avoided long-term steroid use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3894, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) in the mid-teens?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3895, "question": "Does the patient have myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3896, "question": "Does the patient also have astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3897, "question": "Has the patient a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3898, "question": "Is there currently no need for intervention for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09817.jpg", "report": "34 y/o male physician, glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No known family history of glaucoma or history of long-term steroid use. IOP mid teens. Also has myopia, astigmatism, and history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis/rhinitis. No need for intervention."} {"question_id": 3899, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having normal tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3900, "question": "Is the increased cup/disc ratio an observation in this patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3901, "question": "Does the patient have a pachymetry reading of 540 micrometers in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3902, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure readings normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3903, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3904, "question": "Has the patient experienced ocular migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3905, "question": "Does OCT imaging show borderline thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09823.jpg", "report": "Patient suspected of normal tension glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio. Pachymetry 540 ou and normal pressure. Family history of glaucoma. Ocular migraines noted. OCT imaging reveals borderline thinning."} {"question_id": 3906, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09825.jpg", "report": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss."} {"question_id": 3907, "question": "Are the current drugs Timolol, Dorzolamide, and Brimonidine insufficient for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09825.jpg", "report": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss."} {"question_id": 3908, "question": "Is the patient allergic to Latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09825.jpg", "report": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss."} {"question_id": 3909, "question": "Is the patient requesting Netarsudil to help control their condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09825.jpg", "report": "Patient with primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current drugs (Timolol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine) are insufficient. Allergic to Lantanoprost. Requesting Netarsudil for control, to prevent further vision loss."} {"question_id": 3910, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3911, "question": "Is the patient currently taking timolol for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3912, "question": "Does the patient have perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3913, "question": "Is there retinal thinning present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3914, "question": "Is there a notable family history of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09831.jpg", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on cup to disc ratio and is on glaucoma medication, timolol. They exhibit perifoveal cystic fluid in the right eye, and retinal thinning in both, with no notable family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3915, "question": "Does the patient have severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09836.jpg", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications."} {"question_id": 3916, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure under control?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09836.jpg", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications."} {"question_id": 3917, "question": "Was an Avastin injection administered to the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09836.jpg", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications."} {"question_id": 3918, "question": "Was the Avastin injection performed without any complications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09836.jpg", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient has severe mixed-mechanism glaucoma in the left eye. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is controlled. The Avastin injection was requested and performed successfully without complications."} {"question_id": 3919, "question": "Does the female patient have elevated intraocular pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently."} {"question_id": 3920, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently."} {"question_id": 3921, "question": "Was the patient referred to the ophthalmologist by an optometrist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently."} {"question_id": 3922, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently."} {"question_id": 3923, "question": "Is the patient currently required to take IOP lowering medication?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09839.jpg", "report": "Female patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypertension, referred by optometrist. Has family history of glaucoma. No need for IOP lowering medication currently."} {"question_id": 3924, "question": "Does the patient have severe sequential non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3925, "question": "Are there atypical features associated with the patient's NAION?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3926, "question": "Does the patient have bilateral choroidal folds?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3927, "question": "Is there a choroidal nevus present in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3928, "question": "Is anisocoria observed in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3929, "question": "Has glaucoma been diagnosed in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09840.jpg", "report": "The patient has severe sequential NAION with atypical features, bilateral choroidal folds, and a choroidal nevus. Anisocoria is present. No glaucoma was mentioned."} {"question_id": 3930, "question": "Does the patient have advanced glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery."} {"question_id": 3931, "question": "Are the intraocular pressure goals for the patient less than or equal to 12 mmHg?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery."} {"question_id": 3932, "question": "Is the patient currently using brimonidine for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery."} {"question_id": 3933, "question": "Is latanoprost part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery."} {"question_id": 3934, "question": "Might the patient require future eye surgery for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09841.jpg", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes, with intraocular pressure goals of <= 12 mmHg. She's managing it with brimonidine and latanoprost and may need future eye surgery."} {"question_id": 3935, "question": "Does the patient have proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3936, "question": "Does the patient have good visual acuity despite the proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3937, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in addition to proliferative diabetic retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3938, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3939, "question": "Has the patient's vision improved to 20/25?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3940, "question": "Was the patient referred to a glaucoma service?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09845.jpg", "report": "63-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a good visual acuity. Also has cataracts, refractive error, and an improved vision of 20/25. Referred to a glaucoma service."} {"question_id": 3941, "question": "Is the patient prescribed latanoprost treatment for both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3942, "question": "Is the use of latanoprost treatment an indication that the patient has glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3943, "question": "Is a follow-up appointment scheduled for the patient at the next glaucoma clinic visit?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3944, "question": "Will the patient's follow-up appointment include refraction testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3945, "question": "Are eye pressure checks planned for the patient's next visit to the glaucoma clinic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3946, "question": "Is the patient scheduled to have their eyes dilated during the next visit to the glaucoma clinic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09846.jpg", "report": "Patient to start latanoprost treatment daily for both eyes, an indication of glaucoma. Planned follow-up for refraction, eye pressure checks, and dilation at next glaucoma clinic visit."} {"question_id": 3947, "question": "Is the patient currently using latanoprost for glaucoma management?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3948, "question": "Was the patient previously on bimatoprost before switching back to latanoprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3949, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3950, "question": "Are narrow angles present in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3951, "question": "Does the patient's left eye have a cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3952, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3953, "question": "Is there an epiretinal membrane in the patient's left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3954, "question": "Did the patient decline the option of cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3955, "question": "Was the patient prescribed artificial tears for the management of dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3956, "question": "Has the patient been provided with a new prescription for glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09848.jpg", "report": "76-year-old female patient for follow-up of glaucoma. Currently using latanoprost after temporary switch to bimatoprost. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and narrow angles in left eye. Left eye also has a cataract, dry eye syndrome, and an epiretinal membrane. Patient declined cataract surgery. Prescribed artificial tears for dry eye syndrome. New prescription for glasses provided."} {"question_id": 3957, "question": "Does the patient have an early lamellar hole in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3958, "question": "Has the patient noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3959, "question": "Is there any indication of glaucoma in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3960, "question": "Was the patient advised to stop taking Ocuvites?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3961, "question": "Is observation the recommended course of action for the patient's left eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3962, "question": "Has a retinal hemorrhage in the right eye been resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09851.jpg", "report": "The patient has an early lamellar hole in the left eye, noticed blurry vision when reading TV captions. There's no indication of glaucoma. The patient stopped taking Ocuvites as advised. Observation is recommended. A retinal hemorrhage was resolved in the right eye."} {"question_id": 3963, "question": "Does the patient have myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3964, "question": "Is the patient also diagnosed with astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3965, "question": "Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3966, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a nuclear cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3967, "question": "Does the patient have meibomian gland dysfunction (MG/D)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3968, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to asymmetry in the eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3969, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3970, "question": "Has the patient reported experiencing halos around lights?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3971, "question": "Does the patient have difficulty driving at night?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09852.jpg", "report": "63-year-old female with myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, nuclear cataract, and MG/D. She's a suspect for glaucoma due to asymmetry. No family history of glaucoma. Patient experiences halos & difficulty driving."} {"question_id": 3972, "question": "Does the patient have a history of head trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3973, "question": "Is the patient being treated for asthma with steroids?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3974, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3975, "question": "Was the patient intolerant to Lumigan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3976, "question": "Was the patient intolerant to Travatan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3977, "question": "Have the options of adding eye drops or undergoing Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty been discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09854.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of head trauma, asthma treated with steroids, and glaucoma. They couldn't tolerate Lumigan and Travatan. Options of adding drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty were discussed."} {"question_id": 3978, "question": "Does the patient have a goal of maintaining intraocular pressure at or below 18 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted."} {"question_id": 3979, "question": "Are the patient's current intraocular pressure measurements exceeding the target goals?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted."} {"question_id": 3980, "question": "Has the patient been previously off glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted."} {"question_id": 3981, "question": "Has the patient been advised to restart brimonidine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted."} {"question_id": 3982, "question": "Is anxiety noted in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09858.jpg", "report": "Patient transferred care to Dr. Sol. Goals include intraocular pressure <=18 mmhg in both eyes; current measurements exceed these goals. Patient previously off glaucoma meds, advised to restart brimonidine. Anxiety noted."} {"question_id": 3983, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts that are affecting their distance vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09863.jpg", "report": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3984, "question": "Has the patient experienced an eye injury in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09863.jpg", "report": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3985, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure elevated at 26?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09863.jpg", "report": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3986, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09863.jpg", "report": "The 58 y.o patient complains of poor distance vision due to cataracts. Has history of eye injury, ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 3987, "question": "Has a glaucoma fellow contributed to the clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09868.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate."} {"question_id": 3988, "question": "Was the glaucoma fellow present during the encounter recording?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09868.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate."} {"question_id": 3989, "question": "Does the glaucoma fellow agree that the information provided in the clinical note is accurate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09868.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate."} {"question_id": 3990, "question": "Was the clinical note scribed specifically for Dr. PERSON?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09868.jpg", "report": "The clinical note is scribed by a glaucoma fellow for Dr. PERSON. The fellow attests their presence during the encounter recording and agrees that the provided information is accurate."} {"question_id": 3991, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3992, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3993, "question": "Does the patient exhibit a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio indicative of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3994, "question": "Is there evidence of central defect progression in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3995, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3996, "question": "Is the patient currently using brimonidine eye drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3997, "question": "Has a referral for glaucoma surgery been recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09871.jpg", "report": "82-year-old patient with pseudophakia and age-related macular degeneration. Large c/d ratio and central defect progression suggest glaucoma. Currently on latanoprost and brimonidine eye drops, but a referral for glaucoma surgery is recommended."} {"question_id": 3998, "question": "Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 3999, "question": "Were the initial optic nerve findings healthy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 4000, "question": "Were the initial visual fields results normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 4001, "question": "Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 4002, "question": "Does the patient have an epiretinal membrane in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 4003, "question": "Is monitoring intraocular pressure part of the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09872.jpg", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect under Boston Eyecare Consultants' care. Initial optic nerve findings and visual fields were healthy and normal respectively. No glaucoma procedures were done. Both eyes have epiretinal membrane. Plan is to monitor intraocular pressure."} {"question_id": 4004, "question": "Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam."} {"question_id": 4005, "question": "Does the fundus image show signs of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam."} {"question_id": 4006, "question": "Is acetazolamide part of the patient's treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam."} {"question_id": 4007, "question": "Has weight loss been recommended to the patient as part of the treatment plan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam."} {"question_id": 4008, "question": "Is a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam recommended for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09873.jpg", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension but does not exhibit glaucoma. Recommendations include continuation of acetazolamide, weight loss, and a follow-up neuro-ophthalmology exam."} {"question_id": 4009, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the clinical note for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09876.jpg", "report": "The clinical note did not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's case involves a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems. Management and treatment options are being discussed with the attending doctors."} {"question_id": 4010, "question": "Is the patient at a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09876.jpg", "report": "The clinical note did not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's case involves a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems. Management and treatment options are being discussed with the attending doctors."} {"question_id": 4011, "question": "Are management and treatment options currently being discussed for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09876.jpg", "report": "The clinical note did not mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's case involves a moderate risk of visual or neurological problems. Management and treatment options are being discussed with the attending doctors."} {"question_id": 4012, "question": "Is the patient experiencing soreness in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4013, "question": "Was diabetic retinopathy detected in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4014, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4015, "question": "Are the cataracts considered visually significant at this time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4016, "question": "Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4017, "question": "Is further evaluation required for the patient's right eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09877.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye soreness. No diabetic retinopathy found. Cataract in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in right eye. Further evaluation needed."} {"question_id": 4018, "question": "Does the patient experience pain in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4019, "question": "Is the patient possibly suffering from occipital neuralgia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4020, "question": "Does the patient have a small exophoria?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4021, "question": "Is a trial of occipital nerve block planned for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4022, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09882.jpg", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, possible occipital neuralgia. Small exophoria (convergence insufficiency) present. Plan: trial occipital nerve block. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4023, "question": "Does the patient have a choroidal nevus in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09883.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4024, "question": "Is there a mild cataract present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09883.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4025, "question": "Has the patient undergone bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09883.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4026, "question": "Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09883.jpg", "report": "Patient has choroidal nevus in right eye, mild cataract in both eyes, and has had bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4027, "question": "Is the use of artificial tears or ointments recommended for the patient's eye irritation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09884.jpg", "report": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4028, "question": "Should the patient apply a warm pack for relief of their symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09884.jpg", "report": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4029, "question": "Are lid scrubs with baby shampoo part of the patient's recommended treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09884.jpg", "report": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4030, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's notes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09884.jpg", "report": "The note recommends using artificial tears or ointments 4-6 times a day for eye irritation from blepharitis. A warm pack aids relief. Lid scrubs with baby shampoo in the shower are advised. No mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4031, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect based on the cup/disk ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4032, "question": "Have the patient's symptoms of floaters and flashes resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4033, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently within excellent range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4034, "question": "Has retinal detachment been a topic of discussion for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4035, "question": "Are possible ocular migraines a consideration in this patient's diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4036, "question": "Does the patient have myopic astigmatism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4037, "question": "Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4038, "question": "Are the mild cataracts considered significant in this patient's case?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09886.jpg", "report": "Glaucoma suspect due to cup/disk ratio. Floaters and flashes have resolved. Excellent intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment discussed. Possible ocular migraines. Myopic astigmatism and mild cataracts present but not significant."} {"question_id": 4039, "question": "Is the patient considered a high-risk glaucoma suspect because of cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4040, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently uncontrolled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4041, "question": "Has the patient shown possible progression in his visual field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4042, "question": "Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4043, "question": "Does the patient have a history of hemorrhagic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4044, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09890.jpg", "report": "The 83-year-old male patient is a high-risk glaucoma suspect due to c/d asymmetry. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is not being controlled and he has shown possible progression in his visual field. He also has pseudophakia in both eyes, a history of hemorrhagic PVD in the right eye, and age-related macular degeneration."} {"question_id": 4045, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation."} {"question_id": 4046, "question": "Are myopia and c/d asymmetry among the risk factors for the patient's suspected glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation."} {"question_id": 4047, "question": "Was the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured at 16 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation."} {"question_id": 4048, "question": "Has the patient experienced eye strain while playing video games?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation."} {"question_id": 4049, "question": "Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09892.jpg", "report": "The male patient works at an orchestra, suspected of glaucoma with risks including myopia, c/d asymmetry, and IOP at 16/16. Experienced eye strain playing video games. Referred for glaucoma evaluation."} {"question_id": 4050, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09895.jpg", "report": "The clinical note describes an 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who has been diagnosed with glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4051, "question": "Does the patient have diabetes mellitus type 2?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4052, "question": "Is there any retinopathy present in either eye?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4053, "question": "Does the patient have incipient cataracts in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4054, "question": "Is there optic disc cupping present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4055, "question": "Are the intraocular pressures (IOP) within the normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4056, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness (CCT) less than 500 micrometers in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4057, "question": "Are there any borderline changes in the OCT RNFL (Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) scan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4058, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4059, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4060, "question": "Does the patient exhibit fatigable ptosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09898.jpg", "report": "The female patient has diabetes mellitus type 2, no retinopathy, incipient cataracts in both eyes, optic disc cupping in both eyes with IOP 15/16, CCT 492/490, and borderline changes in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma or family history. Also has fatigable ptosis."} {"question_id": 4061, "question": "Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye."} {"question_id": 4062, "question": "Is there increased intraocular pressure in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye."} {"question_id": 4063, "question": "Is there mild visual field progression noted in the fundus images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye."} {"question_id": 4064, "question": "Has the optic nerve fiber layer remained stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye."} {"question_id": 4065, "question": "Does the patient have a cataract in the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09901.jpg", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, increased intraocular pressure in right eye, mild visual field progression, stable optic nerve fiber layer and cataract in left eye."} {"question_id": 4066, "question": "Was an intraocular pressure check part of the patient's eye examinations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09902.jpg", "report": "The patient had an intraocular pressure check and various eye examinations. No explicit mention of glaucoma was made in the note."} {"question_id": 4067, "question": "Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the patient's note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09902.jpg", "report": "The patient had an intraocular pressure check and various eye examinations. No explicit mention of glaucoma was made in the note."} {"question_id": 4068, "question": "Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4069, "question": "Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4070, "question": "Is the high intraocular pressure in the right eye uncontrolled despite medication?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4071, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4072, "question": "Has surgery been recommended as a management option for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4073, "question": "Is the patient also receiving treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09905.jpg", "report": "82 y.o female patient with severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the right eye, mild in the left. High intraocular pressure (IOP) uncontrolled in the right eye despite medication. No family history of glaucoma. Discussed diagnosis, management options, and surgery recommendation with patient and children. Also receiving treatment for wet amd."} {"question_id": 4074, "question": "Is the patient free from a diagnosis of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09906.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 45-year-old black, non-hispanic male. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Some online enrollment steps are shared."} {"question_id": 4075, "question": "Has the patient shared some online enrollment steps?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09906.jpg", "report": "Patient is a 45-year-old black, non-hispanic male. He has no diagnosis of glaucoma. Some online enrollment steps are shared."} {"question_id": 4076, "question": "Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09912.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage."} {"question_id": 4077, "question": "Is a DMEK procedure advised for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09912.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage."} {"question_id": 4078, "question": "Is there potential for limited vision improvement following the DMEK procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09912.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage."} {"question_id": 4079, "question": "Is there a suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid further damage to the eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09912.jpg", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye. A DMEK procedure is advised with potential limited vision improvement. Additional suggestion to flush out residual matter to avoid damage."} {"question_id": 4080, "question": "Is the patient suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4081, "question": "Did the patient's mother have advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4082, "question": "Did the OCT reveal borderline inferior thinning in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4083, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently controlled?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4084, "question": "Does the patient have moderate myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4085, "question": "Has the patient a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4086, "question": "Are there plugs in place for the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09913.jpg", "report": "The 55-year-old female patient is suspected of having primary open-angle glaucoma. Her mother had advanced stage normal-tension glaucoma. OCT showed borderline inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is controlled. She also has moderate myopia, a history of blepharitis/dry eye syndrome, and plugs in place."} {"question_id": 4087, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4088, "question": "Is timolol one of the medications prescribed for the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4089, "question": "Is the patient currently taking potassium chloride for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4090, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed sertraline for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4091, "question": "Does the patient's medication regimen include propranolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4092, "question": "Is ranitidine being used to treat the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4093, "question": "Is vitamin B2 part of the patient's treatment for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4094, "question": "Is simvastatin being administered to manage the patient's eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4095, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed PERSON for their multiple conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes (assuming \"PERSON\" is a placeholder for an actual medication name).", "image": "slo_fundus_09915.jpg", "report": "Patient has multiple conditions including glaucoma. Medications include potassium chloride, prochlorperazine, propranolol, ranitidine, vitamin B2, sertraline, simvastatin, timolol (for eyes) and PERSON."} {"question_id": 4096, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently at goal in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed."} {"question_id": 4097, "question": "Is the patient currently taking any glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed."} {"question_id": 4098, "question": "Are Phaco/istent treatments being considered for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed."} {"question_id": 4099, "question": "Has the importance of controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol been emphasized for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed."} {"question_id": 4100, "question": "Were measures concerning retinal detachment discussed with the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09919.jpg", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes and they are not on glaucoma medications. Phaco/istent treatments are proposed. Blood glucose, BP and cholesterol control is crucial. Retinal detachment measures were discussed."} {"question_id": 4101, "question": "Does the patient have a left occipital porencephalic cyst?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4102, "question": "Is the patient experiencing right homonymous hemianopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4103, "question": "Does the patient have bilateral optic atrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4104, "question": "Is there unexpected retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4105, "question": "Is the unexpected RNFL loss attributed to a non-cyst related issue?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4106, "question": "Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09921.jpg", "report": "Patient has left occipital porencephalic cyst, right homonymous hemianopia (related to the cyst), and bilateral optic atrophy. There's unexpected rnfl loss, suggesting a non-cyst related issue. Glaucoma not mentioned."} {"question_id": 4107, "question": "Does the patient have neurofibromatosis type 1?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4108, "question": "Does the patient have a bicuspid aortic valve?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4109, "question": "Is there a mitral valve prolapse in the patient's medical history?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4110, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with pigment dispersion syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4111, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4112, "question": "Does the patient currently have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4113, "question": "Does the patient have a history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4114, "question": "Is the patient currently under observation for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09923.jpg", "report": "46 y/o male has neurofibromatosis type 1, bicuspid aortic valve, and mitral valve prolapse. He also has pigment dispersion syndrome, is a glaucoma suspect but doesn't have glaucoma currently. History of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Under observation."} {"question_id": 4115, "question": "Is the patient currently taking cod liver oil supplements?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4116, "question": "Is the patient being treated with alendronate (fosamax) for a condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4117, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4118, "question": "Does the patient have a history of osteoporosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4119, "question": "Does the patient have a depressive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4120, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with dyslipidemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4121, "question": "Is the patient a smoker?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4122, "question": "Does the patient have hemorrhoids?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09926.jpg", "report": "The patient is taking cod liver oil and alendronate (fosamax). They have undergone laser iridotomy in both eyes, suggesting treatment for glaucoma. Other conditions include osteoporosis, depressive disorder, dyslipidemia, smoker, hemorrhoids and more."} {"question_id": 4123, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4124, "question": "Is the patient being treated with latanoprost for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4125, "question": "Is there an inferior defect present in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4126, "question": "Does the patient have dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4127, "question": "Is there a moderate cataract that is becoming visually significant in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4128, "question": "Is diabetic retinopathy present in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4129, "question": "Does the patient have Fuchs dystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4130, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09929.jpg", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, treated with latanoprost. There's an inferior defect and dense quadrantanopsia in both eyes, with a moderate cataract becoming visually significant. No diabetic retinopathy present. The patient has Fuchs dystrophy and migraines."} {"question_id": 4131, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for a neuro-ophthalmology appointment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09931.jpg", "report": "The note is regarding an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment. There is no specific mention of glaucoma in the note. The patient is advised about possible effects of pupil dilation."} {"question_id": 4132, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the provided note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09931.jpg", "report": "The note is regarding an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment. There is no specific mention of glaucoma in the note. The patient is advised about possible effects of pupil dilation."} {"question_id": 4133, "question": "Has the patient been advised about the possible effects of pupil dilation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09931.jpg", "report": "The note is regarding an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment. There is no specific mention of glaucoma in the note. The patient is advised about possible effects of pupil dilation."} {"question_id": 4134, "question": "Does the clinical note include a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4135, "question": "Is hypercholesterolemia one of the health conditions listed in the summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4136, "question": "Is joint pain mentioned as one of the patient's health conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4137, "question": "Does the patient have anemia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4138, "question": "Is vitamin D deficiency noted in the patient's clinical summary?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4139, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4140, "question": "Does the clinical note indicate the presence of osteopenia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4141, "question": "Is the patient suffering from type 2 diabetes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4142, "question": "Is sleep apnea listed among the patient's health issues?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4143, "question": "Does the summary mention that the patient experiences shortness of breath?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4144, "question": "Is the patient reported to be obese?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4145, "question": "Are loose stools included in the patient's health conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4146, "question": "Is there any mention of glaucoma in the clinical note?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09942.jpg", "report": "The clinical note lists multiple health conditions: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hypothyroidism, osteopenia, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, shortness of breath, obesity, and loose stools. There is no mention of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4147, "question": "Is the patient currently diagnosed with glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09946.jpg", "report": "52-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis. Retina checkup scheduled in 6 months. Managed by comprehensive ophthalmology."} {"question_id": 4148, "question": "Is there a retina checkup scheduled for this patient within the next 6 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09946.jpg", "report": "52-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis. Retina checkup scheduled in 6 months. Managed by comprehensive ophthalmology."} {"question_id": 4149, "question": "Is the patient's eye health being managed by a comprehensive ophthalmologist?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09946.jpg", "report": "52-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis. Retina checkup scheduled in 6 months. Managed by comprehensive ophthalmology."} {"question_id": 4150, "question": "Has the patient undergone cataract surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4151, "question": "Has the patient received YAG laser capsulotomy treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4152, "question": "Is glaucoma suspected in the patient due to optic nerve cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4153, "question": "Was the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) previously elevated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4154, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure now controlled with the medication Xalatan?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4155, "question": "Is there any evidence of macular edema in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09947.jpg", "report": "Post cataract surgery and YAG laser caps treatment. Glaucoma suspected due to cupping and previous elevated IOP, now controlled with Xalatan. No macular edema."} {"question_id": 4156, "question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4157, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4158, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4159, "question": "Has the patient experienced ocular trauma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4160, "question": "Is high myopia present as a risk factor for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4161, "question": "Has the patient's vision remained stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4162, "question": "Were open angles observed during gonioscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4163, "question": "Has the patient been previously treated with glaucoma medications?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4164, "question": "Has further testing been suggested for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4165, "question": "Is the patient experiencing mild vision distortion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09949.jpg", "report": "34 y.o. suspect for glaucoma in both eyes due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history or trauma. High myopia as a risk factor. Stable vision, open gonioscopy. No history of glaucoma medication. Suggested further testing. Mild vision distortion."} {"question_id": 4166, "question": "Does the fundus image indicate the presence of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4167, "question": "Does the patient have a history of intracranial meningioma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4168, "question": "Is otalgia one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's clinical note?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4169, "question": "Has the patient been noted to have a breast lump?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4170, "question": "Does the patient suffer from migraines?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4171, "question": "Has the patient undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4172, "question": "Are multiple thyroid nodules a condition present in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4173, "question": "Does the patient have an iga deficiency?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09952.jpg", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. The patient's conditions include intracranial meningioma, otalgia, breast lump, migraines, s/p laparoscopic cholecystectomy, multiple thyroid nodules, and iga deficiency."} {"question_id": 4174, "question": "Does the patient have a history of breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4175, "question": "Does the patient suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4176, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with bronchiectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4177, "question": "Does the patient have cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4178, "question": "Did the patient last visit the doctor for an urgent evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4179, "question": "Does the patient use artificial tears for dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4180, "question": "Does the mild cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry suggest the possibility of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09956.jpg", "report": "63-year-old patient, with a history of breast cancer, gerd, bronchiectasis, and cataract, last saw the doctor for an urgent eval. The patient has dry eye, uses artificial tears. Mild c/d asymmetry indicates possibility of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4181, "question": "Does the patient have a non-visually significant cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4182, "question": "Has the patient been prescribed glasses for a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4183, "question": "Is there a pterygium present in the eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4184, "question": "Is there a suspicion of glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4185, "question": "Is the patient's central corneal thickness (CCT) slightly thin?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4186, "question": "Does the patient manage diabetes without any observed retinopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09959.jpg", "report": "The patient has a non-visually significant cataract, a refractive error for which glasses have been prescribed, and a pterygium. There's a suspicion of glaucoma based on increased c:d ratio and slightly thin cct. Diabetes is managed, with no retinopathy observed."} {"question_id": 4187, "question": "Does the patient have a history of atrial fibrillation (a. fib)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4188, "question": "Are the angles of the patient's eyes narrow and non-occludable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4189, "question": "Does the patient exhibit optic disc cupping?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4190, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure currently excellent?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4191, "question": "Is the central corneal thickness (cct) of the eyes 552 in one eye and 565 in the other?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4192, "question": "Is the risk of developing glaucoma considered low for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4193, "question": "Does the patient have a nuclear sclerotic (NS) cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4194, "question": "Does the patient have a refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09965.jpg", "report": "63 y.o. patient with a. fib; narrow, non-occludable angles; optic disc cupping; excellent intraocular pressure; cct 552/565. Glaucoma risk low. Presence of NS cataract, refractive error."} {"question_id": 4195, "question": "Does the patient have a history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4196, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with pds glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4197, "question": "Is the patient's vision currently stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4198, "question": "Has the patient reported any pain in association with his eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4199, "question": "Was the medication timolol found to be ineffective for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4200, "question": "Did the patient experience weakness as a side effect of timolol?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4201, "question": "Is the patient currently being treated with dorzolamide and latanaprost?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4202, "question": "Has the patient experienced blurry vision after running?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4203, "question": "Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's family?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09966.jpg", "report": "35-year-old myopic male with history of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnosed with pds glaucoma. His vision is stable, with no pain reported. Previously on timolol, it was ineffective and caused weakness. His current plan includes dorzolamide and latanaprost. Previously was a runner, experienced blurry vision post-run. Noted family history of glaucoma."} {"question_id": 4204, "question": "Does the patient have a history of high myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops."} {"question_id": 4205, "question": "Is the patient suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops."} {"question_id": 4206, "question": "Is the suspicion of primary open-angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops."} {"question_id": 4207, "question": "Has the patient's sister undergone surgery for glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops."} {"question_id": 4208, "question": "Is the patient's sister currently on glaucoma drops?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09967.jpg", "report": "The patient has a history of high myopia and is suspected for primary open angle glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio. The patient's sister has undergone surgery and is on glaucoma drops."} {"question_id": 4209, "question": "Does the patient have a history of myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4210, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4211, "question": "Does the patient experience recurrent hordeolum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4212, "question": "Is there a large cup-to-disc ratio observed in the fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4213, "question": "Does the patient have a history of ocular hypertension?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4214, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure within the normal range at 12 mmHg in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4215, "question": "Has glaucoma been ruled out due to normal Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) testing?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4216, "question": "Is the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) also normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09977.jpg", "report": "28 y.o. male with a history of myopia, blepharitis, and recurrent hordeolum. Large c:d. No history of ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure 12/12. No glaucoma, indicated by normal HVF and RNFL OCT."} {"question_id": 4217, "question": "Does the patient experience occasional flashing lights in their peripheral vision?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4218, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with cataracts?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4219, "question": "Is there a refractive error present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4220, "question": "Does the patient have choroidal nevi?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4221, "question": "Was the patient prescribed new glasses?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4222, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4223, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4224, "question": "Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) within normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4225, "question": "Does the patient have a healthy cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09978.jpg", "report": "The 63 year old patient suffers from occasional flashing lights in peripheral vision, cataracts, refractive error and choroidal nevi. Prescription for new glasses given. Noted as glaucoma suspect, with no family history, normal IOP and healthy c/d."} {"question_id": 4226, "question": "Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4227, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) currently within normal limits for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4228, "question": "Does the patient have a past history of high myopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4229, "question": "Has the patient experienced retinal detachments?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4230, "question": "Is diabetic retinopathy present in the patient's fundus image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4231, "question": "Does the patient have a mild refractive error?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09979.jpg", "report": "The 70 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure (IOP) okay currently, but has past history of high myopia. She also has had retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, and mild refractive error."} {"question_id": 4232, "question": "Does the patient have severe pigmentary glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09981.jpg", "report": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 4233, "question": "Is the patient diagnosed with an age-related nuclear cataract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09981.jpg", "report": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 4234, "question": "Is the patient scheduled for cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09981.jpg", "report": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 4235, "question": "Is the patient currently taking blood thinners?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09981.jpg", "report": "Patient to have cataract and trabeculectomy surgery on the left eye. Diagnosed with severe pigmentary glaucoma and age-related nuclear cataract. Not on blood thinners."} {"question_id": 4236, "question": "Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4237, "question": "Does the patient have moderate stage glaucoma in the right eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4238, "question": "Does the patient have a history of asthma associated with their eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4239, "question": "Has the patient experienced eye trauma that is relevant to their current eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4240, "question": "Has the patient used steroids that are relevant to their current eye condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4241, "question": "Does the patient wish to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost for financial reasons?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09984.jpg", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation. They have moderate stage glaucoma in their right eye but no history of asthma, trauma, or steroid use. The patient wants to switch from Lumigan to generic latanaprost due to cost."} {"question_id": 4242, "question": "Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4243, "question": "Has the patient undergone phacoemulsification in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4244, "question": "Is there mild optic nerve cupping present in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4245, "question": "Is the patient considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4246, "question": "Are the test results showing mild thinning in the patient's eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4247, "question": "Is there any evidence of tropia in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4248, "question": "Is there any evidence of phoria in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4249, "question": "Does the patient suffer from dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4250, "question": "Is the monocular diplopia possibly caused by dry eye?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09985.jpg", "report": "The patient has narrow angles, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and phacoemulsification in both eyes, and shows mild optic nerve cupping. They're considered a low risk suspect for narrow angle glaucoma. Tests show mild thinning in the eye. No evidence of tropia or phoria. Dry eye is present and may be causing monocular diplopia."} {"question_id": 4251, "question": "Does the eye examination reveal normal visual fields?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4252, "question": "Is there evidence of vitreous condensation in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4253, "question": "Has optic nerve damage been ruled out in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4254, "question": "Is glaucoma ruled out as a diagnosis for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4255, "question": "Are migraines considered a possible cause of the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4256, "question": "Could vitreous floaters be contributing to the patient's symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09988.jpg", "report": "The patient's eye examination shows normal visual fields, vitreous condensation, and no optic nerve damage, ruling out glaucoma. Symptoms may be due to migraines or vitreous floaters."} {"question_id": 4257, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4258, "question": "Has there been any progression in the patient's glaucoma condition since stopping eye drops around 2013?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4259, "question": "Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4260, "question": "Has the patient had any history of eye trauma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4261, "question": "Has the patient used long-term steroids for any condition?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4262, "question": "Are there any issues with glaucoma medication for this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4263, "question": "Does the patient experience vertical diplopia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4264, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with blepharitis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4265, "question": "Does the patient also have rosacea?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4266, "question": "Is the patient under continuous monitoring for their eye condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09989.jpg", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma but had no progression, even after stopping eye drops around 2013. The patient has a family history of glaucoma but no history of eye trauma or long-term steroids use. They do not have any glaucoma medication issues. They also have vertical diplopia, blepharitis, and rosacea. They are continuously monitored."} {"question_id": 4267, "question": "Does the patient have glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4268, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the right eye above the treatment goal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4269, "question": "Is the intraocular pressure in the left eye at the treatment goal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4270, "question": "Has the patient been advised to start using brimonidine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4271, "question": "Is the patient being reminded to adhere to their medication regimen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4272, "question": "Are artificial tears recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4273, "question": "Is surgery being considered for a cataract condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09996.jpg", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, with right eye (OD) intraocular pressure above goal, left eye (OS) at the goal. Advised to start brimonidine, ensuring medication adherence, use artificial tears. Possible surgery for cataract."} {"question_id": 4274, "question": "Is the 57-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09998.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised."} {"question_id": 4275, "question": "Were both the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) tests normal for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09998.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised."} {"question_id": 4276, "question": "Did the tests reveal a non-specific defect in the patient's eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09998.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised."} {"question_id": 4277, "question": "Is a complete eye examination advised for this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09998.jpg", "report": "57-year-old patient suspected of glaucoma underwent glaucoma tests. The oct and hvf on both eyes were normal with a non-specific defect revealed. A complete eye examination is advised."} {"question_id": 4278, "question": "Does the patient have a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4279, "question": "Is there a toric intraocular lens present in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4280, "question": "Has the patient been diagnosed with a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in both eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4281, "question": "Is there evidence of optic nerve cupping in the left eye (OS)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4282, "question": "Does the patient have a history of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4283, "question": "Are the results from the visual field testing (perimetry) within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4284, "question": "Are the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} {"question_id": 4285, "question": "Has glaucoma been diagnosed in this patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "slo_fundus_09999.jpg", "report": "Patient has pciol ou, toric os, pvd ou, and cupping os but no history of elevated IOP. Normal perimetry and OCT. No glaucoma mentioned."} ================================================ FILE: data/test/vqa/iuxray_test.jsonl ================================================ {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "question_id": 1, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have a large pleural effusion as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "question_id": 2, "text": "Does the patient have a large pleural effusion as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Can any acute bony abnormalities be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "question_id": 3, "text": "Can any acute bony abnormalities be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Are there signs of heart enlargement in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the cardiomediastinal silhouette is reported as normal).", "image": "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "question_id": 4, "text": "Are there signs of heart enlargement in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Should the patient be treated for pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No (since there are no signs of a large pleural effusion).", "image": "CXR3030_IM-1405/0.png", "question_id": 5, "text": "Should the patient be treated for pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR38_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 6, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR38_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 7, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally wide or narrow according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR38_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 8, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally wide or narrow according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any masses, nodules, or tumors visible in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No (based on the report stating the lungs are clear)", "image": "CXR38_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 9, "text": "Are there any masses, nodules, or tumors visible in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3957_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 10, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of lung pathology, such as consolidation or pneumothorax, on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3957_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 11, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of lung pathology, such as consolidation or pneumothorax, on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3957_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 12, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a hemothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3957_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 13, "text": "Is there any indication of a hemothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "question_id": 14, "text": "Is the size of the heart normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a mediastinal mass? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "question_id": 15, "text": "Is there any evidence of a mediastinal mass? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Can pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "question_id": 16, "text": "Can pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of mild degenerative changes in the patient's spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "question_id": 17, "text": "Are there signs of mild degenerative changes in the patient's spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there any bone abnormalities present other than mild degenerative changes of the spine? \n", "answer": "No information on bone abnormalities other than spine is provided.", "image": "CXR621_IM-2203/0.png", "question_id": 18, "text": "Are there any bone abnormalities present other than mild degenerative changes of the spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1347_IM-0225/0.png", "question_id": 19, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Can a collapsed lung be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1347_IM-0225/0.png", "question_id": 20, "text": "Can a collapsed lung be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have an acute displaced rib fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1347_IM-0225/0.png", "question_id": 21, "text": "Does the patient have an acute displaced rib fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Are there any signs of a chronic lung condition on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention chronic conditions, so the answer based on the report provided would be No or Unable to determine if not strictly considering the information given in the report.", "image": "CXR1347_IM-0225/0.png", "question_id": 22, "text": "Are there any signs of a chronic lung condition on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2915_IM-1317/0.png", "question_id": 23, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show signs of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2915_IM-1317/0.png", "question_id": 24, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show signs of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2915_IM-1317/0.png", "question_id": 25, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are the patient's [XXXX - assuming this refers to a specific organ or structure] abnormal in any way according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2915_IM-1317/0.png", "question_id": 26, "text": "Are the patient's [XXXX - assuming this refers to a specific organ or structure] abnormal in any way according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "question_id": 27, "text": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "question_id": 28, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormally shaped on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "question_id": 29, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormally shaped on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Can we see any abnormal opacities in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "question_id": 30, "text": "Can we see any abnormal opacities in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR34_IM-1644/0.png", "question_id": 31, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "question_id": 32, "text": "Is the patient's heart enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung infection or congestion in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "question_id": 33, "text": "Are there any signs of lung infection or congestion in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear of any nodules or masses on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "question_id": 34, "text": "Are the lung fields clear of any nodules or masses on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Can any pneumothorax be identified in the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "question_id": 35, "text": "Can any pneumothorax be identified in the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there any indication of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2590_IM-1083/0.png", "question_id": 36, "text": "Is there any indication of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have any acute abnormalities in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 37, "text": "Does the patient have any acute abnormalities in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Is the heart size larger than normal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 38, "text": "Is the heart size larger than normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Can any chronic lung disease be confirmed from this chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "The report does not specify, so I cannot provide a yes or no answer based solely on \"acute abnormalities.\"", "image": "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 39, "text": "Can any chronic lung disease be confirmed from this chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumonia in the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 40, "text": "Are there signs of pneumonia in the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Are any masses or nodules identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any masses or nodules, so the answer would be no.", "image": "CXR1176_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 41, "text": "Are any masses or nodules identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Has there been any interval change to the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR738_IM-2296/0.png", "question_id": 42, "text": "Has there been any interval change to the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Do the lungs appear to be fully expanded? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR738_IM-2296/0.png", "question_id": 43, "text": "Do the lungs appear to be fully expanded? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the outline of the heart normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR738_IM-2296/0.png", "question_id": 44, "text": "Is the outline of the heart normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum appearing normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR738_IM-2296/0.png", "question_id": 45, "text": "Is the mediastinum appearing normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2480_IM-1009/0.png", "question_id": 46, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there any visible abnormalities in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2480_IM-1009/0.png", "question_id": 47, "text": "Are there any visible abnormalities in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2480_IM-1009/0.png", "question_id": 48, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any abnormal heart contour? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2480_IM-1009/0.png", "question_id": 49, "text": "Does the patient have any abnormal heart contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 50, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 51, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature structures within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 52, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature structures within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any enlargement of the heart? \n", "answer": "No. (This is inferred because the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.)", "image": "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 53, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any enlargement of the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Has a rib fracture been identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3222_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 54, "text": "Has a rib fracture been identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "question_id": 55, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Do the lungs show any signs of infiltration or consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "question_id": 56, "text": "Do the lungs show any signs of infiltration or consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "question_id": 57, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "question_id": 58, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1005_IM-0006/0.png", "question_id": 59, "text": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "question_id": 60, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "question_id": 61, "text": "Does the patient have increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can suspicious pulmonary opacities be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "question_id": 62, "text": "Can suspicious pulmonary opacities be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there a definite pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "question_id": 63, "text": "Is there a definite pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3542_IM-1734/0.png", "question_id": 64, "text": "Does the patient show signs of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any evidence of lung opacities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "question_id": 65, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any evidence of lung opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "question_id": 66, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the contour of the mediastinum visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "question_id": 67, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the contour of the mediastinum visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a mass within the lung fields on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "question_id": 68, "text": "Is there any evidence of a mass within the lung fields on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Can we see calcifications in the aortic arch on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming none were mentioned in the report)", "image": "CXR325_IM-1539/0.png", "question_id": 69, "text": "Can we see calcifications in the aortic arch on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 70, "text": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary fields showing any signs of consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 71, "text": "Are the pulmonary fields showing any signs of consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 72, "text": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 73, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are any foreign bodies visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "This information is not provided in the report, so I cannot provide a yes or no answer.", "image": "CXR2785_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 74, "text": "Are any foreign bodies visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 75, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Can signs of wear or degeneration of the thoracic spine be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 76, "text": "Can signs of wear or degeneration of the thoracic spine be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there any sign of fluid accumulation in the lung spaces on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 77, "text": "Is there any sign of fluid accumulation in the lung spaces on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there evidence of spinal deformity compatible with thoracic spondylosis on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 78, "text": "Is there evidence of spinal deformity compatible with thoracic spondylosis on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any rib fractures? \n", "answer": "No; the report does not mention rib fractures.", "image": "CXR3991_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 79, "text": "Does the X-ray show any rib fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "question_id": 80, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "question_id": 81, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "question_id": 82, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "question_id": 83, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the diaphragm elevated or abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, normal findings were noted in the report.", "image": "CXR3527_IM-1724/0.png", "question_id": 84, "text": "Is the diaphragm elevated or abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "question_id": 85, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "question_id": 86, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any noteworthy findings in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "question_id": 87, "text": "Are there any noteworthy findings in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any congestion in the pulmonary vasculature? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "question_id": 88, "text": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any congestion in the pulmonary vasculature? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient need immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No, based on the described findings, but clinical correlation is necessary to determine the need for any intervention.", "image": "CXR3460_IM-1681/0.png", "question_id": 89, "text": "Does the patient need immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2784_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 90, "text": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2784_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 91, "text": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there mediastinal widening present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2784_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 92, "text": "Is there mediastinal widening present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit normal cardiac silhouette and contour? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2784_IM-1220/0.png", "question_id": 93, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit normal cardiac silhouette and contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of focal consolidation within the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "question_id": 94, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of focal consolidation within the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "question_id": 95, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the visualized osseous structures of the thorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "question_id": 96, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the visualized osseous structures of the thorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any visible evidence of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "question_id": 97, "text": "Is there any visible evidence of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of hyperinflation of the lungs? \n", "answer": "No, not indicated in the report.", "image": "CXR1425_IM-0272/0.png", "question_id": 98, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of hyperinflation of the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR779_IM-2321/0.png", "question_id": 99, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR779_IM-2321/0.png", "question_id": 100, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Has an acute displaced rib fracture been identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR779_IM-2321/0.png", "question_id": 101, "text": "Has an acute displaced rib fracture been identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR779_IM-2321/0.png", "question_id": 102, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly as visualized on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 103, "text": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly as visualized on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any infiltrates or opacities noted in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 104, "text": "Are there any infiltrates or opacities noted in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 105, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 106, "text": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Did the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the chest? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1966_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 107, "text": "Did the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the chest? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the patient's chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "question_id": 108, "text": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the patient's chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "question_id": 109, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Is there any focal airspace disease present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "question_id": 110, "text": "Is there any focal airspace disease present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the lung parenchyma? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "question_id": 111, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the lung parenchyma? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there signs of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"osseous structures are within normal limits\" includes the ribs)", "image": "CXR3765_IM-1884/0.png", "question_id": 112, "text": "Are there signs of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Is the heart size of the patient normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2686_IM-1158/0.png", "question_id": 113, "text": "Is the heart size of the patient normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2686_IM-1158/0.png", "question_id": 114, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray indicate any cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2686_IM-1158/0.png", "question_id": 115, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray indicate any cardiomegaly? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion in this patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2686_IM-1158/0.png", "question_id": 116, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion in this patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of a lung infection on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2354_IM-0918/0.png", "question_id": 117, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of a lung infection on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2354_IM-0918/0.png", "question_id": 118, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2354_IM-0918/0.png", "question_id": 119, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact."} {"question": "Is there any sign of congestive heart failure, such as cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema, visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the heart contours are reported as normal and the lungs are clear).", "image": "CXR2354_IM-0918/0.png", "question_id": 120, "text": "Is there any sign of congestive heart failure, such as cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema, visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of gross consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3445_IM-1668/0.png", "question_id": 121, "text": "Is there any evidence of gross consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of infiltrate in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3445_IM-1668/0.png", "question_id": 122, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of infiltrate in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3445_IM-1668/0.png", "question_id": 123, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, is the XXXX XXXX compromised? \n", "answer": "", "image": "CXR3445_IM-1668/0.png", "question_id": 124, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, is the XXXX XXXX compromised? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3751_IM-1875/0.png", "question_id": 125, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3751_IM-1875/0.png", "question_id": 126, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "question_id": 127, "text": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure, such as cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "question_id": 128, "text": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure, such as cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "question_id": 129, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures or other acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "question_id": 130, "text": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures or other acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any sign of a hiatal hernia or abnormal gas patterns suggesting a bowel obstruction? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3734_IM-1866/0.png", "question_id": 131, "text": "Is there any sign of a hiatal hernia or abnormal gas patterns suggesting a bowel obstruction? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR377_IM-1889/0.png", "question_id": 132, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR377_IM-1889/0.png", "question_id": 133, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR377_IM-1889/0.png", "question_id": 134, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal masses or nodules noted in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, as it is not mentioned.", "image": "CXR377_IM-1889/0.png", "question_id": 135, "text": "Are there any abnormal masses or nodules noted in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "question_id": 136, "text": "Does the patient have evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "question_id": 137, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "question_id": 138, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any fractures visible in the thoracic bones on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "question_id": 139, "text": "Are there any fractures visible in the thoracic bones on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are the lungs over-inflated on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (Based on the provided report stating the lungs are clear.)", "image": "CXR344_IM-1664/0.png", "question_id": 140, "text": "Are the lungs over-inflated on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "question_id": 141, "text": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax visible on this patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "question_id": 142, "text": "Is a pneumothorax visible on this patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "question_id": 143, "text": "Is the heart silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "question_id": 144, "text": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses within the thoracic cavity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3646_IM-1808-0001/0.png", "question_id": 145, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses within the thoracic cavity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "question_id": 146, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there increased pulmonary vascularity present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "question_id": 147, "text": "Is there increased pulmonary vascularity present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusions? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "question_id": 148, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusions? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of degenerative changes in the patient\u2019s cervical spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (The report mentions degenerative changes in the thoracic spine, not the cervical spine.)", "image": "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "question_id": 149, "text": "Are there signs of degenerative changes in the patient\u2019s cervical spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a rib fracture on the patient\u2019s chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (The report did not mention any rib fractures.)", "image": "CXR3335_IM-1598/0.png", "question_id": 150, "text": "Is there evidence of a rib fracture on the patient\u2019s chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs noted in the report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2780_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 151, "text": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs noted in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are both lungs clear of any infiltrates or abnormalities? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2780_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 152, "text": "Are both lungs clear of any infiltrates or abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2780_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 153, "text": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2780_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 154, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "question_id": 155, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lung fields? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "question_id": 156, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "question_id": 157, "text": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there any lymphadenopathy noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "question_id": 158, "text": "Is there any lymphadenopathy noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, are the patient's lungs considered to be abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1997_IM-0651/0.png", "question_id": 159, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, are the patient's lungs considered to be abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of cardiomegaly on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1440_IM-0284/0.png", "question_id": 160, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of cardiomegaly on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary pathology, such as pneumonia or a mass? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1440_IM-0284/0.png", "question_id": 161, "text": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary pathology, such as pneumonia or a mass? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any fractures or abnormalities in the bony structures reported? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1440_IM-0284/0.png", "question_id": 162, "text": "Are there any fractures or abnormalities in the bony structures reported? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vessels within normal limits? \n", "answer": "The report does not directly state anything about the pulmonary vessels, but the indication that the lungs are clear may suggest that there is no obvious abnormality with the pulmonary vasculature, typically resulting in a \"Yes.\" However, without a specific comment on pulmonary vessels, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer.", "image": "CXR1440_IM-0284/0.png", "question_id": 163, "text": "Are the pulmonary vessels within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1259_IM-0175/0.png", "question_id": 164, "text": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung consolidation or infection evident on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1259_IM-0175/0.png", "question_id": 165, "text": "Are there any signs of lung consolidation or infection evident on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature within normal limits according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1259_IM-0175/0.png", "question_id": 166, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature within normal limits according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Can any pneumothorax be identified in the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1259_IM-0175/0.png", "question_id": 167, "text": "Can any pneumothorax be identified in the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "question_id": 168, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vessels on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "question_id": 169, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vessels on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question": "Are there any visible masses in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "question_id": 170, "text": "Are there any visible masses in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible pneumothorax in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "question_id": 171, "text": "Is there any visible pneumothorax in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question": "Can any rib fractures be identified on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No mention of rib fractures was made in the report so the answer cannot be determined definitively unless the actual image is reviewed.", "image": "CXR658_IM-2234/0.png", "question_id": 172, "text": "Can any rib fractures be identified on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits as per the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "question_id": 173, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits as per the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Has the X-ray revealed a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "question_id": 174, "text": "Has the X-ray revealed a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "According to the X-ray findings, are there any osseous structures that appear to be damaged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "question_id": 175, "text": "According to the X-ray findings, are there any osseous structures that appear to be damaged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a definite pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "question_id": 176, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a definite pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can we confirm the presence of pneumothorax using this chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1812_IM-0525/0.png", "question_id": 177, "text": "Can we confirm the presence of pneumothorax using this chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "question_id": 178, "text": "Does the patient have any abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "question_id": 179, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Can you see any pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "question_id": 180, "text": "Can you see any pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Is there any sign of lung infection or consolidation in the report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "question_id": 181, "text": "Is there any sign of lung infection or consolidation in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of chronic lung disease on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2357_IM-0921/0.png", "question_id": 182, "text": "Does the patient show signs of chronic lung disease on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax seen on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2232_IM-0832/0.png", "question_id": 183, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax seen on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have a focal consolidation in the lungs according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2232_IM-0832/0.png", "question_id": 184, "text": "Does the patient have a focal consolidation in the lungs according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities present in the osseous structures of the thorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2232_IM-0832/0.png", "question_id": 185, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities present in the osseous structures of the thorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray shown any evidence of a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No (based on no evidence of focal consolidation)", "image": "CXR2232_IM-0832/0.png", "question_id": 186, "text": "Has the chest X-ray shown any evidence of a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR993_IM-2478/0.png", "question_id": 187, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any fluid accumulation, known as effusions, be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR993_IM-2478/0.png", "question_id": 188, "text": "Can any fluid accumulation, known as effusions, be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any presence of pneumothorax in the patient? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR993_IM-2478/0.png", "question_id": 189, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any presence of pneumothorax in the patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any lung nodules or masses be identified in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR993_IM-2478/0.png", "question_id": 190, "text": "Can any lung nodules or masses be identified in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal in appearance on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2734_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 191, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal in appearance on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are the lungs of the patient appearing well-inflated on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2734_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 192, "text": "Are the lungs of the patient appearing well-inflated on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen in the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2734_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 193, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen in the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are the osseous structures, like ribs and spine, showing any abnormalities for the patient's age? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2734_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 194, "text": "Are the osseous structures, like ribs and spine, showing any abnormalities for the patient's age? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR461_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 195, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR461_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 196, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR461_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 197, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR461_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 198, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "question_id": 199, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "question_id": 200, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the bony structures visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "question_id": 201, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the bony structures visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "question_id": 202, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there any visible foreign body in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "The report doesn't mention it, so likely no.", "image": "CXR2098_IM-0728/0.png", "question_id": 203, "text": "Is there any visible foreign body in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2277_IM-0864/0.png", "question_id": 204, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2277_IM-0864/0.png", "question_id": 205, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Were any remarkable findings noted in the visualized parts of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2277_IM-0864/0.png", "question_id": 206, "text": "Were any remarkable findings noted in the visualized parts of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection, such as focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2099_IM-0729/0.png", "question_id": 207, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection, such as focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2099_IM-0729/0.png", "question_id": 208, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any fractures or acute abnormalities in the bones of the chest as per the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2099_IM-0729/0.png", "question_id": 209, "text": "Are there any fractures or acute abnormalities in the bones of the chest as per the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the patient's chest X-ray completely normal? \n", "answer": "Yes, based on the provided report descriptors.", "image": "CXR2099_IM-0729/0.png", "question_id": 210, "text": "Is the patient's chest X-ray completely normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection, such as focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "question_id": 211, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection, such as focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be identified on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "question_id": 212, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be identified on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute fractures or lesions visible on the bones of the thorax in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "question_id": 213, "text": "Are there any acute fractures or lesions visible on the bones of the thorax in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any visible foreign body in the chest region on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, not reported.", "image": "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "question_id": 214, "text": "Is there any visible foreign body in the chest region on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of aortic aneurysm or abnormal aortic contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1633_IM-0414/0.png", "question_id": 215, "text": "Is there any evidence of aortic aneurysm or abnormal aortic contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3883_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 216, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of airspace consolidation in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3883_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 217, "text": "Does the patient show signs of airspace consolidation in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature appearances within the normal range according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3883_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 218, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature appearances within the normal range according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the bony structures, presumably the 'XXXX XXXX', intact according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3883_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 219, "text": "Are the bony structures, presumably the 'XXXX XXXX', intact according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "question_id": 220, "text": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient show evidence of pleural effusions on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "question_id": 221, "text": "Does the patient show evidence of pleural effusions on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "question_id": 222, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are pulmonary nodules or masses visible in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "question_id": 223, "text": "Are pulmonary nodules or masses visible in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, are the patient's lungs clear? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3041_IM-1415/0.png", "question_id": 224, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, are the patient's lungs clear? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR269_IM-1161/0.png", "question_id": 225, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Are the lungs on the chest X-ray poorly aerated? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR269_IM-1161/0.png", "question_id": 226, "text": "Are the lungs on the chest X-ray poorly aerated? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR269_IM-1161/0.png", "question_id": 227, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3552_IM-1741/0.png", "question_id": 228, "text": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3552_IM-1741/0.png", "question_id": 229, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Are there any typical radiographic signs of pulmonary edema present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3552_IM-1741/0.png", "question_id": 230, "text": "Are there any typical radiographic signs of pulmonary edema present? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Does the patient have an abnormal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1854_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 231, "text": "Does the patient have an abnormal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1854_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 232, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have an acute displaced rib fracture according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1854_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 233, "text": "Does the patient have an acute displaced rib fracture according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 234, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 235, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 236, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any current lung infection? \n", "answer": "No, if we consider that an active infection typically results in certain radiographic findings which are not noted in the report.", "image": "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 237, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any current lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent traumatic chest injury based on the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No, as no acute osseous findings are reported.", "image": "CXR3745_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 238, "text": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent traumatic chest injury based on the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 239, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 240, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 241, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No (based on \"no evidence of focal consolidation\")", "image": "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 242, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "On the chest X-ray, are any rib fractures evident? \n", "answer": "No (\"osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality\")", "image": "CXR1467_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 243, "text": "On the chest X-ray, are any rib fractures evident? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the heart size on the chest X-ray appear normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 244, "text": "Does the heart size on the chest X-ray appear normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 245, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 246, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there acute bony abnormalities detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 247, "text": "Are there acute bony abnormalities detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the overall impression of the chest X-ray indicative of an acute chest pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1270_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 248, "text": "Is the overall impression of the chest X-ray indicative of an acute chest pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "question_id": 249, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "question_id": 250, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can a suspicious pulmonary opacity be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "question_id": 251, "text": "Can a suspicious pulmonary opacity be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there a definite pleural effusion detected on the image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "question_id": 252, "text": "Is there a definite pleural effusion detected on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any acute cardiopulmonary process? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3098_IM-1450/0.png", "question_id": 253, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any acute cardiopulmonary process? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1603_IM-0391/0.png", "question_id": 254, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any pleural effusions be appreciated on the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1603_IM-0391/0.png", "question_id": 255, "text": "Can any pleural effusions be appreciated on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show signs of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1603_IM-0391/0.png", "question_id": 256, "text": "Does the X-ray show signs of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any nodules or masses visible on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1603_IM-0391/0.png", "question_id": 257, "text": "Are there any nodules or masses visible on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1008_IM-0009/0.png", "question_id": 258, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of consolidation such as pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1008_IM-0009/0.png", "question_id": 259, "text": "Does the patient show signs of consolidation such as pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1008_IM-0009/0.png", "question_id": 260, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any obvious masses or nodules in the lung fields on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention masses or nodules, suggesting that the answer is likely no, but technically this question cannot be answered definitively with a yes or no without further context from the report or the image.", "image": "CXR1008_IM-0009/0.png", "question_id": 261, "text": "Are there any obvious masses or nodules in the lung fields on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2916_IM-1318/0.png", "question_id": 262, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2916_IM-1318/0.png", "question_id": 263, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2916_IM-1318/0.png", "question_id": 264, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "question_id": 265, "text": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "question_id": 266, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "question_id": 267, "text": "Are there acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray consistent with a patient who has no current pulmonary distress? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "question_id": 268, "text": "Is the chest X-ray consistent with a patient who has no current pulmonary distress? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Has a chest trauma been detected in the visualized osseous structures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1632_IM-0413/0.png", "question_id": 269, "text": "Has a chest trauma been detected in the visualized osseous structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3265_IM-1551/0.png", "question_id": 270, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3265_IM-1551/0.png", "question_id": 271, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3265_IM-1551/0.png", "question_id": 272, "text": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any visible pathology in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, based on the provided report details.", "image": "CXR3265_IM-1551/0.png", "question_id": 273, "text": "Is there any visible pathology in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/0.png", "question_id": 274, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/0.png", "question_id": 275, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculatures appearing enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/0.png", "question_id": 276, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculatures appearing enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2851_IM-1260-0001/0.png", "question_id": 277, "text": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, is there any evidence of a pneumothorax in the patient? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "question_id": 278, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, is there any evidence of a pneumothorax in the patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any signs of a focal infiltrate in the patient's lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "question_id": 279, "text": "Are there any signs of a focal infiltrate in the patient's lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the bones or soft tissues? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "question_id": 280, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the bones or soft tissues? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray suggest any acute respiratory distress? \n", "answer": "No, given that the lungs are clear and no acute findings are mentioned.", "image": "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "question_id": 281, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray suggest any acute respiratory distress? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there an enlargement of the heart, or cardiomegaly, visible on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image": "CXR242_IM-0963/0.png", "question_id": 282, "text": "Is there an enlargement of the heart, or cardiomegaly, visible on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size normal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3427_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 283, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette size normal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there pulmonary edema evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3427_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 284, "text": "Is there pulmonary edema evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there an indication of a large pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The XXXX in the text most likely represents a redacted or unclear word, but since the conclusion is that there's no large pleural effusion, the answer is \"No.\")", "image": "CXR3427_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 285, "text": "Is there an indication of a large pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Based on the X-ray report, does the patient require treatment for pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3427_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 286, "text": "Based on the X-ray report, does the patient require treatment for pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 287, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 288, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 289, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can any masses be seen within the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on the \"lungs are clear\" statement, although it doesn't explicitly mention masses).", "image": "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 290, "text": "Can any masses be seen within the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there signs of any chronic lung diseases, such as fibrosis or emphysema, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Information not provided in the report (the report only mentions \"lungs are clear,\" which does not necessarily exclude chronic lung diseases).", "image": "CXR3220_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 291, "text": "Are there signs of any chronic lung diseases, such as fibrosis or emphysema, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "question_id": 292, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "question_id": 293, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "question_id": 294, "text": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there enlarged lymph nodes (adenopathy) visible? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "question_id": 295, "text": "Are there enlarged lymph nodes (adenopathy) visible? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": ", diaphragms) abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2005_IM-0656/0.png", "question_id": 296, "text": ", diaphragms) abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1410_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 297, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Can any focal infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1410_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 298, "text": "Can any focal infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1410_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 299, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are the bony structures of the chest grossly normal as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1410_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 300, "text": "Are the bony structures of the chest grossly normal as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "question_id": 301, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "question_id": 302, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "question_id": 303, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any visible lung lesions, such as nodules or masses? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "question_id": 304, "text": "Are there any visible lung lesions, such as nodules or masses? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR879_IM-2393/0.png", "question_id": 305, "text": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "question_id": 306, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there radiographic evidence of a pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "question_id": 307, "text": "Is there radiographic evidence of a pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Do the visualized bones appear damaged or fractured? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "question_id": 308, "text": "Do the visualized bones appear damaged or fractured? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any masses identified within the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No, since the heart size and mediastinal contours are reported as normal.", "image": "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "question_id": 309, "text": "Are there any masses identified within the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of any previous surgical intervention like sternotomy wires or chest tubes? \n", "answer": "No, at least not reported in the provided X-ray description.", "image": "CXR3020_IM-1395/0.png", "question_id": 310, "text": "Is there evidence of any previous surgical intervention like sternotomy wires or chest tubes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR632_IM-2213/0.png", "question_id": 311, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR632_IM-2213/0.png", "question_id": 312, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR632_IM-2213/0.png", "question_id": 313, "text": "Can pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there abnormalities seen in the bones of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, as it mentions \"XXXX\" which I assume is a placeholder indicating no abnormality in what should have been described at that location.", "image": "CXR632_IM-2213/0.png", "question_id": 314, "text": "Are there abnormalities seen in the bones of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "question_id": 315, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "question_id": 316, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "question_id": 317, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "question_id": 318, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Are there any visible fractures or bone damage in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2937_IM-1339/0.png", "question_id": 319, "text": "Are there any visible fractures or bone damage in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR328_IM-1560/0.png", "question_id": 320, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are the lungs showing signs of focal airspace disease in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR328_IM-1560/0.png", "question_id": 321, "text": "Are the lungs showing signs of focal airspace disease in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR328_IM-1560/0.png", "question_id": 322, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of focal infiltrate in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3817_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 323, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of focal infiltrate in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3817_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 324, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the bones or soft tissues on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3817_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 325, "text": "Are there any remarkable findings in the bones or soft tissues on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the overall impression of the chest X-ray normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3817_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 326, "text": "Is the overall impression of the chest X-ray normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of focal consolidation on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3059_IM-1425/0.png", "question_id": 327, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of focal consolidation on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3059_IM-1425/0.png", "question_id": 328, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3059_IM-1425/0.png", "question_id": 329, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2389_IM-0944/0.png", "question_id": 330, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2389_IM-0944/0.png", "question_id": 331, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2389_IM-0944/0.png", "question_id": 332, "text": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2389_IM-0944/0.png", "question_id": 333, "text": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR869_IM-2389/0.png", "question_id": 334, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR869_IM-2389/0.png", "question_id": 335, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of focal airspace disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR869_IM-2389/0.png", "question_id": 336, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of focal airspace disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR751_IM-2305/0.png", "question_id": 337, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR751_IM-2305/0.png", "question_id": 338, "text": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR751_IM-2305/0.png", "question_id": 339, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 340, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can you see a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 341, "text": "Can you see a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 342, "text": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a rib fracture? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 343, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a rib fracture? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the heart's shape or size on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1209_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 344, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the heart's shape or size on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1588_IM-0382/0.png", "question_id": 345, "text": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung effusions? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1588_IM-0382/0.png", "question_id": 346, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung effusions? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1588_IM-0382/0.png", "question_id": 347, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any lung nodules or masses? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1588_IM-0382/0.png", "question_id": 348, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any lung nodules or masses? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR487_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 349, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR487_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 350, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the bony structures of the thorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR487_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 351, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the bony structures of the thorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2940_IM-1341/0.png", "question_id": 352, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of increased pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2940_IM-1341/0.png", "question_id": 353, "text": "Is there evidence of increased pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can any pleural effusions be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2940_IM-1341/0.png", "question_id": 354, "text": "Can any pleural effusions be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there degenerative changes present in the thoracic spine? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2940_IM-1341/0.png", "question_id": 355, "text": "Are there degenerative changes present in the thoracic spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1831_IM-0538/0.png", "question_id": 356, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1831_IM-0538/0.png", "question_id": 357, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1831_IM-0538/0.png", "question_id": 358, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR717_IM-2279/0.png", "question_id": 359, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any pulmonary opacities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR717_IM-2279/0.png", "question_id": 360, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any pulmonary opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR717_IM-2279/0.png", "question_id": 361, "text": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Can pneumonia be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR717_IM-2279/0.png", "question_id": 362, "text": "Can pneumonia be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "question_id": 363, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any sign of a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "question_id": 364, "text": "Is there any sign of a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality visible within the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "question_id": 365, "text": "Is there any abnormality visible within the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any fluid accumulation in the lung fields as reported by the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "question_id": 366, "text": "Is there any fluid accumulation in the lung fields as reported by the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear costophrenic angles? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1434_IM-0279/0.png", "question_id": 367, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear costophrenic angles? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an acutely abnormal condition of the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR931_IM-2429/0.png", "question_id": 368, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an acutely abnormal condition of the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray report suggest that the heart size is abnormally enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR931_IM-2429/0.png", "question_id": 369, "text": "Does the chest X-ray report suggest that the heart size is abnormally enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR931_IM-2429/0.png", "question_id": 370, "text": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR931_IM-2429/0.png", "question_id": 371, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "question_id": 372, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality."} {"question": "Are the lungs under-inflated as depicted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "question_id": 373, "text": "Are the lungs under-inflated as depicted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "question_id": 374, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute bone injuries detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "question_id": 375, "text": "Are there any acute bone injuries detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality."} {"question": "Can we confirm the presence of a chest mass on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR735_IM-2294/0.png", "question_id": 376, "text": "Can we confirm the presence of a chest mass on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality."} {"question": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the previous interval? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "question_id": 377, "text": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the previous interval? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax)? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "question_id": 378, "text": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum exhibiting any anomalies? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "question_id": 379, "text": "Is the mediastinum exhibiting any anomalies? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules present in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "question_id": 380, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules present in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of lung hyperinflation or air trapping? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR870_IM-2391/0.png", "question_id": 381, "text": "Is there any indication of lung hyperinflation or air trapping? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR588_IM-2183/0.png", "question_id": 382, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lungs on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR588_IM-2183/0.png", "question_id": 383, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lungs on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR588_IM-2183/0.png", "question_id": 384, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 385, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 386, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 387, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection? \n", "answer": "No (based on no focal consolidation).", "image": "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 388, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the term \"unremarkable\" refers to osseous structures).", "image": "CXR1509_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 389, "text": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "question_id": 390, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Are there abnormalities in the heart size or mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "question_id": 391, "text": "Are there abnormalities in the heart size or mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Are the skeletal structures appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "question_id": 392, "text": "Are the skeletal structures appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is the patient currently suffering from a collapsed lung according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "question_id": 393, "text": "Is the patient currently suffering from a collapsed lung according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of bone fractures in the skeletal structures of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2953_IM-1351/0.png", "question_id": 394, "text": "Are there signs of bone fractures in the skeletal structures of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs compared to a previous X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "question_id": 395, "text": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs compared to a previous X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lungs fully expanded as per the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "question_id": 396, "text": "Are the lungs fully expanded as per the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible pathology in the mediastinum on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "question_id": 397, "text": "Is there any visible pathology in the mediastinum on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "question_id": 398, "text": "Are there any signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2204_IM-0813/0.png", "question_id": 399, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Has there been a change in the heart and lungs since the previous X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (Assuming \"XXXX XXXX\" implies no significant change.)", "image": "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 400, "text": "Has there been a change in the heart and lungs since the previous X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 401, "text": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 402, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can any masses or nodules be seen in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 403, "text": "Can any masses or nodules be seen in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR43_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 404, "text": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "question_id": 405, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "question_id": 406, "text": "Is there evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "question_id": 407, "text": "Does the patient show signs of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "question_id": 408, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest that the patient has a cardiac enlargement? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3446_IM-1669/0.png", "question_id": 409, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest that the patient has a cardiac enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "question_id": 410, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the patient show any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "question_id": 411, "text": "Does the patient show any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs abnormally inflated? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "question_id": 412, "text": "Are the patient's lungs abnormally inflated? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the osseous structures of the patient as per their age? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "question_id": 413, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the osseous structures of the patient as per their age? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Has the patient's chest X-ray shown a need for immediate intervention? \n", "answer": "No (based on the normal findings reported).", "image": "CXR3495_IM-1700/0.png", "question_id": 414, "text": "Has the patient's chest X-ray shown a need for immediate intervention? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "question_id": 415, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any pulmonary effusions be observed on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "question_id": 416, "text": "Can any pulmonary effusions be observed on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "question_id": 417, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any nodules or masses be seen on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "question_id": 418, "text": "Can any nodules or masses be seen on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are the XXXX (likely a placeholder for a particular structure such as the \"diaphragms\" or \"bony structures\") abnormal on this X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR795_IM-2331/0.png", "question_id": 419, "text": "Are the XXXX (likely a placeholder for a particular structure such as the \"diaphragms\" or \"bony structures\") abnormal on this X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any enlargement of the heart or mediastinal structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "question_id": 420, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any enlargement of the heart or mediastinal structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the patient have any focal airspace disease visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "question_id": 421, "text": "Does the patient have any focal airspace disease visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "question_id": 422, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there any indication of lung infection or consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "question_id": 423, "text": "Is there any indication of lung infection or consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has any immediate life-threatening conditions within the thorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3867_IM-1960/0.png", "question_id": 424, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has any immediate life-threatening conditions within the thorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3720_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 425, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a lung infection or pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3720_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 426, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a lung infection or pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3720_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 427, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary arteries and veins of normal size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3720_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 428, "text": "Are the pulmonary arteries and veins of normal size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "question_id": 429, "text": "Is the size of the heart enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have lung congestion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "question_id": 430, "text": "Does the patient have lung congestion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any visible pulmonary nodules? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"clear lungs\" implies no visible nodules).", "image": "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "question_id": 431, "text": "Are there any visible pulmonary nodules? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there an indication of any rib fractures in the report? \n", "answer": "No (given that the report doesn't mention any).", "image": "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "question_id": 432, "text": "Is there an indication of any rib fractures in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there a presence of a foreign body within the lungs? \n", "answer": "No (as the report states the lungs are clear).", "image": "CXR1931_IM-0602/0.png", "question_id": 433, "text": "Is there a presence of a foreign body within the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming that \"XXXX XXXX\" implies a change)", "image": "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "question_id": 434, "text": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "question_id": 435, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "question_id": 436, "text": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Do the lungs appear to have any areas of opacity in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "question_id": 437, "text": "Do the lungs appear to have any areas of opacity in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart's silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1771_IM-0505/0.png", "question_id": 438, "text": "Is the heart's silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "question_id": 439, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "question_id": 440, "text": "Is pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of an acute rib fracture on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "question_id": 441, "text": "Is there any evidence of an acute rib fracture on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Can any displaced rib fractures be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "question_id": 442, "text": "Can any displaced rib fractures be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is the patient's lung field clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3126_IM-1470/0.png", "question_id": 443, "text": "Is the patient's lung field clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3105_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 444, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3105_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 445, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3105_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 446, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the X-ray report indicate any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "question_id": 447, "text": "Does the X-ray report indicate any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any fractures in the bony structures according to the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "question_id": 448, "text": "Does the patient have any fractures in the bony structures according to the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Has the report identified any mediastinal widening? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "question_id": 449, "text": "Has the report identified any mediastinal widening? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "question_id": 450, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "According to the X-ray report, are there indications of rib abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2796_IM-1228/0.png", "question_id": 451, "text": "According to the X-ray report, are there indications of rib abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1323_IM-0209/0.png", "question_id": 452, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there any lung opacities present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1323_IM-0209/0.png", "question_id": 453, "text": "Are there any lung opacities present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1323_IM-0209/0.png", "question_id": 454, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in size according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "question_id": 455, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in size according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "question_id": 456, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be detected on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "question_id": 457, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be detected on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show clear lung fields? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "question_id": 458, "text": "Does the X-ray show clear lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1309_IM-0201-1001/0.png", "question_id": 459, "text": "Does the patient have any visible fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2423_IM-0965/0.png", "question_id": 460, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have pneumonia, as evidenced by the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming clear lungs imply no pneumonia)", "image": "CXR2423_IM-0965/0.png", "question_id": 461, "text": "Does the patient have pneumonia, as evidenced by the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (typically associated with an enlarged heart or pulmonary congestion, neither of which are reported)", "image": "CXR2423_IM-0965/0.png", "question_id": 462, "text": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No (clear lungs would generally exclude the presence of a pneumothorax)", "image": "CXR2423_IM-0965/0.png", "question_id": 463, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3194_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 464, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3194_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 465, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3194_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 466, "text": "Are pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of an abnormal mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2136_IM-0758/0.png", "question_id": 467, "text": "Does the patient show signs of an abnormal mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2136_IM-0758/0.png", "question_id": 468, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient's chest X-ray clear of any significant chest pathology? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2136_IM-0758/0.png", "question_id": 469, "text": "Is the patient's chest X-ray clear of any significant chest pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient show any abnormality in the cardiac silhouette on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "question_id": 470, "text": "Does the patient show any abnormality in the cardiac silhouette on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumonia in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "question_id": 471, "text": "Are there signs of pneumonia in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible fractures in the bony structures on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "question_id": 472, "text": "Does the patient have any visible fractures in the bony structures on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient demonstrate cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "question_id": 473, "text": "Does the patient demonstrate cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any abnormal opacities in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3778_IM-1894/0.png", "question_id": 474, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any abnormal opacities in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "question_id": 475, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the heart appear enlarged in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "question_id": 476, "text": "Does the heart appear enlarged in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does this chest X-ray suggest the presence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "question_id": 477, "text": "Does this chest X-ray suggest the presence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lung fields congested or show signs of fluid overload in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "question_id": 478, "text": "Are the lung fields congested or show signs of fluid overload in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the chest wall structures intact and normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention the chest wall, so cannot be determined from the provided information.", "image": "CXR1726_IM-0479/0.png", "question_id": 479, "text": "Are the chest wall structures intact and normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2889_IM-1291/0.png", "question_id": 480, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Is there any sign of focal airspace disease in the patient's lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2889_IM-1291/0.png", "question_id": 481, "text": "Is there any sign of focal airspace disease in the patient's lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2889_IM-1291/0.png", "question_id": 482, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any fractures visible in the bones of the chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2889_IM-1291/0.png", "question_id": 483, "text": "Are there any fractures visible in the bones of the chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, are there any signs of lung infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "question_id": 484, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, are there any signs of lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "question_id": 485, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any fractures in the bones of the thorax visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "question_id": 486, "text": "Are there any fractures in the bones of the thorax visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any visible masses in the chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention any visible masses.", "image": "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "question_id": 487, "text": "Are there any visible masses in the chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "According to the chest X-ray, are the lungs well-inflated and without collapse? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2786_IM-1221/0.png", "question_id": 488, "text": "According to the chest X-ray, are the lungs well-inflated and without collapse? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "question_id": 489, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any nodules present on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "question_id": 490, "text": "Are there any nodules present on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "question_id": 491, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax apparent on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "question_id": 492, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax apparent on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any masses detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR497_IM-2114/0.png", "question_id": 493, "text": "Are there any masses detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "question_id": 494, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any signs of fluid accumulation in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "question_id": 495, "text": "Are there any signs of fluid accumulation in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any lymph node enlargement be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "question_id": 496, "text": "Can any lymph node enlargement be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient have signs of edema in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "question_id": 497, "text": "Does the patient have signs of edema in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart's size within normal limits according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR162_IM-0401/0.png", "question_id": 498, "text": "Is the heart's size within normal limits according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": " \n", "answer": "1. Does the patient's chest X-ray show any evidence of lung consolidation?", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 499, "text": " Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 500, "text": "Are there signs of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 501, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules noted in the lung fields of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 502, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules noted in the lung fields of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can we confirm the presence of lung fibrosis from this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 503, "text": "Can we confirm the presence of lung fibrosis from this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible air under the diaphragm suggesting a potential perforated abdominal viscus on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3763_IM-1883/0.png", "question_id": 504, "text": "Is there any visible air under the diaphragm suggesting a potential perforated abdominal viscus on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of new abnormalities in the heart and lungs since the previous examination? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "question_id": 505, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of new abnormalities in the heart and lungs since the previous examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "question_id": 506, "text": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "question_id": 507, "text": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the report indicate the presence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "question_id": 508, "text": "Does the report indicate the presence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes within the mediastinal region on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR485_IM-2109/0.png", "question_id": 509, "text": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes within the mediastinal region on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "question_id": 510, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "question_id": 511, "text": "Does the patient have increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "question_id": 512, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray indicative of any acute cardiopulmonary disease? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "question_id": 513, "text": "Is the chest X-ray indicative of any acute cardiopulmonary disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal structures within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (No abnormalities mentioned, suggesting normal mediastinal structures)", "image": "CXR2020_IM-0668/0.png", "question_id": 514, "text": "Are the mediastinal structures within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a clear chest X-ray with no signs of focal infiltrates? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "question_id": 515, "text": "Does the patient have a clear chest X-ray with no signs of focal infiltrates? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax visible in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "question_id": 516, "text": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax visible in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Can we see any acute bony or soft tissue abnormalities on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "question_id": 517, "text": "Can we see any acute bony or soft tissue abnormalities on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinal region? \n", "answer": "No, since the report indicates a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image": "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "question_id": 518, "text": "Does the X-ray show any enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinal region? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Are signs of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation or scarring, visible on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the lungs are reported clear.", "image": "CXR2623_IM-1111/0.png", "question_id": 519, "text": "Are signs of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation or scarring, visible on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in lung expansion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 520, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in lung expansion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 521, "text": "Are there signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can a collapsed lung be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 522, "text": "Can a collapsed lung be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since the lungs are reported as clear.", "image": "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 523, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1190_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 524, "text": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1646_IM-0423/0.png", "question_id": 525, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1646_IM-0423/0.png", "question_id": 526, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute fractures or lesions in the bones of the thorax visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1646_IM-0423/0.png", "question_id": 527, "text": "Are there any acute fractures or lesions in the bones of the thorax visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible lung masses on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1646_IM-0423/0.png", "question_id": 528, "text": "Does the patient have any visible lung masses on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of lung infection or consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "question_id": 529, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of lung infection or consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show the presence of air within the pleural cavity, indicative of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "question_id": 530, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show the presence of air within the pleural cavity, indicative of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Are there signs of hardening or calcification in the aorta on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "question_id": 531, "text": "Are there signs of hardening or calcification in the aorta on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any masses or tumors in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any, so the answer would be no based on the provided information.", "image": "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "question_id": 532, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any masses or tumors in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient may have undergone previous surgical interventions, such as a sternotomy or placement of hardware? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention prior surgical interventions, so the answer would be no based on the provided information.", "image": "CXR1373_IM-0240/0.png", "question_id": 533, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient may have undergone previous surgical interventions, such as a sternotomy or placement of hardware? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of acute lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "question_id": 534, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of acute lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged according to the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "question_id": 535, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged according to the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Can any masses or nodules be seen in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "It's not explicit in the provided report, but generally, if the report indicates no acute abnormality, then the answer would likely be No.", "image": "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "question_id": 536, "text": "Can any masses or nodules be seen in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "According to the chest X-ray image, does the patient have pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "question_id": 537, "text": "According to the chest X-ray image, does the patient have pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show a normal cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1627_IM-0408/0.png", "question_id": 538, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show a normal cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of lung infection on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "question_id": 539, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of lung infection on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "question_id": 540, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible mediastinal abnormalities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "question_id": 541, "text": "Does the patient have any visible mediastinal abnormalities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of fluid in the lung spaces on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "question_id": 542, "text": "Is there any evidence of fluid in the lung spaces on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Do the diaphragm and costophrenic angles appear normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report doesn't explicitly state this, but it can be interpreted as normal since the lungs are clear and no pleural effusion is mentioned.", "image": "CXR2592_IM-1084/0.png", "question_id": 543, "text": "Do the diaphragm and costophrenic angles appear normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 544, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 545, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 546, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 547, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR364_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 548, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of focal infiltrates in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3890_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 549, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of focal infiltrates in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3890_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 550, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any noteworthy findings in the bones or soft tissues in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3890_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 551, "text": "Are there any noteworthy findings in the bones or soft tissues in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1956_IM-0623/0.png", "question_id": 552, "text": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified."} {"question": "Can a focal airspace opacity be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1956_IM-0623/0.png", "question_id": 553, "text": "Can a focal airspace opacity be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1956_IM-0623/0.png", "question_id": 554, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any mediastinal widening? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1956_IM-0623/0.png", "question_id": 555, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any mediastinal widening? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified."} {"question": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs since the last chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (Assuming \"XXXX XXXX\" is indicating no change; however, the text seems to be incomplete or redacted.)", "image": "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "question_id": 556, "text": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs since the last chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung expansion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "question_id": 557, "text": "Is there evidence of lung expansion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the mediastinum region? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "question_id": 558, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the mediastinum region? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs) present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "question_id": 559, "text": "Is there pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs) present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax (collapsed lung) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3902_IM-1981/0.png", "question_id": 560, "text": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax (collapsed lung) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1219_IM-0146/0.png", "question_id": 561, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of consolidation in the lungs? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1219_IM-0146/0.png", "question_id": 562, "text": "Are there any signs of consolidation in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any radiographic indication of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1219_IM-0146/0.png", "question_id": 563, "text": "Is there any radiographic indication of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No consolidative airspace opacities. No radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of gross consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR932_IM-2430/0.png", "question_id": 564, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of gross consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Can any infiltrates be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR932_IM-2430/0.png", "question_id": 565, "text": "Can any infiltrates be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Is there any pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR932_IM-2430/0.png", "question_id": 566, "text": "Is there any pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Can any abnormalities be seen on the XXXX XXXX of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "It's unclear what \"XXXX XXXX\" refers to; this seems to be a placeholder or redaction in your provided text. Therefore, I cannot provide a yes or no answer to this question without additional context. If \"XXXX XXXX\" represents a structure such as the diaphragm or bony thorax, then the question would need to be specific to that structure to answer definitively.", "image": "CXR932_IM-2430/0.png", "question_id": 567, "text": "Can any abnormalities be seen on the XXXX XXXX of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "question_id": 568, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "question_id": 569, "text": "Does the patient show signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal masses or lesions visible in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "question_id": 570, "text": "Are there any abnormal masses or lesions visible in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "question_id": 571, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Do the diaphragms appear to be of normal contour and position? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1487_IM-0314/0.png", "question_id": 572, "text": "Do the diaphragms appear to be of normal contour and position? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient's heart appear enlarged on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1454_IM-0293/0.png", "question_id": 573, "text": "Does the patient's heart appear enlarged on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show evidence of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1454_IM-0293/0.png", "question_id": 574, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show evidence of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1454_IM-0293/0.png", "question_id": 575, "text": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature and hila within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes, since there are no abnormalities mentioned.", "image": "CXR1454_IM-0293/0.png", "question_id": 576, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature and hila within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "question_id": 577, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "question_id": 578, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "question_id": 579, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lung fields overinflated, suggesting a possible obstructive lung disease like COPD? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "question_id": 580, "text": "Are the lung fields overinflated, suggesting a possible obstructive lung disease like COPD? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of tuberculosis, such as cavity formation or calcification, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1582_IM-0378/0.png", "question_id": 581, "text": "Is there evidence of tuberculosis, such as cavity formation or calcification, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2413_IM-0959/0.png", "question_id": 582, "text": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2413_IM-0959/0.png", "question_id": 583, "text": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion present on the recorded chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2413_IM-0959/0.png", "question_id": 584, "text": "Is a pleural effusion present on the recorded chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities found on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming only the provided findings are considered)", "image": "CXR2413_IM-0959/0.png", "question_id": 585, "text": "Are there any abnormalities found on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 586, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vessels abnormally prominent or congested? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 587, "text": "Are the pulmonary vessels abnormally prominent or congested? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any suspicious lung opacity noted in the report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 588, "text": "Is there any suspicious lung opacity noted in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Has a pneumothorax been identified on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 589, "text": "Has a pneumothorax been identified on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is this chest X-ray report suggestive of any acute pulmonary pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR141_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 590, "text": "Is this chest X-ray report suggestive of any acute pulmonary pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly, as evidenced by an enlarged heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "question_id": 591, "text": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly, as evidenced by an enlarged heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Can a diagnosis of pneumonia be made from the presence of focal infiltrates on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "question_id": 592, "text": "Can a diagnosis of pneumonia be made from the presence of focal infiltrates on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there a sign of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "question_id": 593, "text": "Is there a sign of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are the XXXX (assuming this could be a placeholder for a structure such as the pulmonary vessels or osseous structures) visibly abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since they are described as \"grossly normal.\"", "image": "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "question_id": 594, "text": "Are the XXXX (assuming this could be a placeholder for a structure such as the pulmonary vessels or osseous structures) visibly abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient require immediate surgical intervention for any thoracic pathology? \n", "answer": "No, as the report suggests a normal study without acute findings.", "image": "CXR2910_IM-1314/0.png", "question_id": 595, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient require immediate surgical intervention for any thoracic pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax visible on the patient's chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/0.png", "question_id": 596, "text": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax visible on the patient's chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/0.png", "question_id": 597, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax on the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/0.png", "question_id": 598, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there anything unusual about the visualized bones of the thorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3549_IM-1739-1001/0.png", "question_id": 599, "text": "Is there anything unusual about the visualized bones of the thorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient show any evidence of cardiac enlargement on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "question_id": 600, "text": "Does the patient show any evidence of cardiac enlargement on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any presence of lung pathology, such as consolidation or a pneumothorax, indicated on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "question_id": 601, "text": "Is there any presence of lung pathology, such as consolidation or a pneumothorax, indicated on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the X-ray finding consistent with a normal chest radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "question_id": 602, "text": "Is the X-ray finding consistent with a normal chest radiograph? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can a pulmonary edema be diagnosed from the X-ray provided? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "question_id": 603, "text": "Can a pulmonary edema be diagnosed from the X-ray provided? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a foreign body in the chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3603_IM-1779/0.png", "question_id": 604, "text": "Is there any evidence of a foreign body in the chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "question_id": 605, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Can any focal airspace disease be observed on the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "question_id": 606, "text": "Can any focal airspace disease be observed on the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "question_id": 607, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "question_id": 608, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormalities in the thoracic cavity? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1093_IM-0064/0.png", "question_id": 609, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormalities in the thoracic cavity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "question_id": 610, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of focal airspace disease in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "question_id": 611, "text": "Does the patient show signs of focal airspace disease in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "question_id": 612, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any noticeable pathologies on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "question_id": 613, "text": "Are there any noticeable pathologies on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are additional imaging studies required to evaluate the lungs, based on the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2862_IM-1270/0.png", "question_id": 614, "text": "Are additional imaging studies required to evaluate the lungs, based on the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "question_id": 615, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "question_id": 616, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "question_id": 617, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened or displaced? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "question_id": 618, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened or displaced? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal size and contour? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR12_IM-0133/0.png", "question_id": 619, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal size and contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1535_IM-0346/0.png", "question_id": 620, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show increased pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1535_IM-0346/0.png", "question_id": 621, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show increased pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1535_IM-0346/0.png", "question_id": 622, "text": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a definite pleural effusion based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1535_IM-0346/0.png", "question_id": 623, "text": "Does the patient have a definite pleural effusion based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3063_IM-1428/0.png", "question_id": 624, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3063_IM-1428/0.png", "question_id": 625, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Can any acute bony abnormalities be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3063_IM-1428/0.png", "question_id": 626, "text": "Can any acute bony abnormalities be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal findings in the mediastinal silhouette on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3063_IM-1428/0.png", "question_id": 627, "text": "Are there any abnormal findings in the mediastinal silhouette on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR771_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 628, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR771_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 629, "text": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR771_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 630, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Is the patient's lung field clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR771_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 631, "text": "Is the patient's lung field clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified."} {"question": "Has there been an interval change in the heart and lungs since the previous imaging study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 632, "text": "Has there been an interval change in the heart and lungs since the previous imaging study? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 633, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 634, "text": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the borders of the mediastinum obscured or abnormal in the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 635, "text": "Are the borders of the mediastinum obscured or abnormal in the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pulmonary edema in the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3532_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 636, "text": "Is there any sign of pulmonary edema in the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3845_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 637, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of focal airspace disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3845_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 638, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of focal airspace disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities noted in the bones on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3845_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 639, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities noted in the bones on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there an indication of a lung lesion or mass in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3845_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 640, "text": "Is there an indication of a lung lesion or mass in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal in size? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "question_id": 641, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal in size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "question_id": 642, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Has an acute displaced rib fracture been identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "question_id": 643, "text": "Has an acute displaced rib fracture been identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Are there signs of lung collapse on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming that no other areas of collapse are mentioned outside of those listed)", "image": "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "question_id": 644, "text": "Are there signs of lung collapse on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Can a pleural thickening be observed on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention pleural thickening, so the answer cannot be determined from the given information.", "image": "CXR3403_IM-1647/0.png", "question_id": 645, "text": "Can a pleural thickening be observed on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "question_id": 646, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "question_id": 647, "text": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are any pulmonary nodules or masses visible? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "question_id": 648, "text": "Are any pulmonary nodules or masses visible? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are both lungs fully expanded in the radiographic image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "question_id": 649, "text": "Are both lungs fully expanded in the radiographic image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Based on the X-ray, is there an indication of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1188_IM-0127/0.png", "question_id": 650, "text": "Based on the X-ray, is there an indication of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart abnormal in size on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3329_IM-1594/0.png", "question_id": 651, "text": "Is the heart abnormal in size on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3329_IM-1594/0.png", "question_id": 652, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3329_IM-1594/0.png", "question_id": 653, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any lung pathology visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3329_IM-1594/0.png", "question_id": 654, "text": "Is there any lung pathology visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia in the lungs on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3587_IM-1765/0.png", "question_id": 655, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia in the lungs on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3587_IM-1765/0.png", "question_id": 656, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contour on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3587_IM-1765/0.png", "question_id": 657, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contour on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any masses or tumors visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any, so based on the provided report, the answer would be no.", "image": "CXR3587_IM-1765/0.png", "question_id": 658, "text": "Are there any masses or tumors visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "question_id": 659, "text": "Is the mediastinum within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "question_id": 660, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have signs of congestive heart failure on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, not indicated by the report.", "image": "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "question_id": 661, "text": "Does the patient have signs of congestive heart failure on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can hilar enlargement be observed on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, not indicated by the report.", "image": "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "question_id": 662, "text": "Can hilar enlargement be observed on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any visible mass or nodule in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, not indicated by the report.", "image": "CXR1344_IM-0223/0.png", "question_id": 663, "text": "Is there any visible mass or nodule in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "question_id": 664, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any nodules or masses present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "question_id": 665, "text": "Are there any nodules or masses present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "question_id": 666, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "question_id": 667, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are xxxx (whatever is supposed to be in place of \"XXXX\") normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes (assuming \"XXXX\" was meant to be a placeholder for another structure or aspect of the X-ray that is normal)", "image": "CXR3962_IM-2027/0.png", "question_id": 668, "text": "Are xxxx (whatever is supposed to be in place of \"XXXX\") normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the patient show any new abnormalities in the heart or lungs since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "question_id": 669, "text": "Does the patient show any new abnormalities in the heart or lungs since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "question_id": 670, "text": "Is there evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible enlargement of the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "question_id": 671, "text": "Is there any visible enlargement of the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can any mass or tumor be seen in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "question_id": 672, "text": "Can any mass or tumor be seen in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1891_IM-0580/0.png", "question_id": 673, "text": "Are there any signs of heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "question_id": 674, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "question_id": 675, "text": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "question_id": 676, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any mass or nodule in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No. (Not mentioned in the report, but \"lungs are clear\" implies no visible mass or nodule.)", "image": "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "question_id": 677, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any mass or nodule in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (Not mentioned in the report specifically, but generally, clear lungs and normal pulmonary vascularity imply no acute abnormal findings.)", "image": "CXR1932_IM-0603/0.png", "question_id": 678, "text": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1510_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 679, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vessels appearing abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1510_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 680, "text": "Are the pulmonary vessels appearing abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1510_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 681, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1510_IM-0331/0.png", "question_id": 682, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 683, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 684, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the overall appearance of the lungs on the chest X-ray normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 685, "text": "Is the overall appearance of the lungs on the chest X-ray normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung infection on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 686, "text": "Are there any signs of lung infection on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Based on this chest X-ray report, does the patient require immediate intervention for a collapsed lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR86_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 687, "text": "Based on this chest X-ray report, does the patient require immediate intervention for a collapsed lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the cardiac size within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR770_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 688, "text": "Is the cardiac size within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR770_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 689, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a suspicious pulmonary opacity? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR770_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 690, "text": "Does the patient have a suspicious pulmonary opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR770_IM-2316/0.png", "question_id": 691, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs on both sides? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "question_id": 692, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs on both sides? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "question_id": 693, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit an abnormal cardio mediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "question_id": 694, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit an abnormal cardio mediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the provided chest X-ray suggest a rib fracture? \n", "answer": "No (since the report states that visualized osseous structures are without acute abnormality).", "image": "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "question_id": 695, "text": "Does the provided chest X-ray suggest a rib fracture? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the report indicate any presence of cardiac enlargement in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the cardio mediastinal silhouette is described as unremarkable).", "image": "CXR1796_IM-0517/0.png", "question_id": 696, "text": "Does the report indicate any presence of cardiac enlargement in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1480_IM-0311/0.png", "question_id": 697, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1480_IM-0311/0.png", "question_id": 698, "text": "Is there any evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a large pleural effusion as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1480_IM-0311/0.png", "question_id": 699, "text": "Does the patient have a large pleural effusion as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "According to the X-ray report, are the XXXX (this seems a placeholder for a particular structure or item) intact? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1480_IM-0311/0.png", "question_id": 700, "text": "According to the X-ray report, are the XXXX (this seems a placeholder for a particular structure or item) intact? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 701, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of fractures or deformities in the bony structures on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 702, "text": "Is there evidence of fractures or deformities in the bony structures on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 703, "text": "Are there signs of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any visible masses or nodules in the mediastinum on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 704, "text": "Are there any visible masses or nodules in the mediastinum on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of rib fractures in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3203_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 705, "text": "Are there any signs of rib fractures in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia as evidenced by focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "question_id": 706, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia as evidenced by focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray of the patient? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "question_id": 707, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the chest X-ray of the patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities in the visualized bones of the thorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "question_id": 708, "text": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities in the visualized bones of the thorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient need immediate surgical intervention for a thoracic condition? \n", "answer": "No, according to the given report, there is no acute pathology mentioned that would require immediate surgery.", "image": "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "question_id": 709, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient need immediate surgical intervention for a thoracic condition? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of heart enlargement on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image": "CXR565_IM-2166/0.png", "question_id": 710, "text": "Are there any signs of heart enlargement on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "question_id": 711, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality observed in the patient's heart size or shape on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "question_id": 712, "text": "Is there any abnormality observed in the patient's heart size or shape on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Are there any noticeable skeletal abnormalities in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "question_id": 713, "text": "Are there any noticeable skeletal abnormalities in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pathology in the lung fields of this chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "question_id": 714, "text": "Is there any indication of pathology in the lung fields of this chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "On the basis of the X-ray, is the patient in need of immediate treatment for a thoracic condition? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the chest X-ray is the only consideration and given that the results you provided do not indicate an urgent thoracic condition)", "image": "CXR474_IM-2101/0.png", "question_id": 715, "text": "On the basis of the X-ray, is the patient in need of immediate treatment for a thoracic condition? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "question_id": 716, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any focal airspace diseases present in the lungs on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "question_id": 717, "text": "Are there any focal airspace diseases present in the lungs on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "question_id": 718, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "question_id": 719, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient require immediate intervention for a chest pathology according to the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No, as no acute abnormalities are reported.", "image": "CXR2861_IM-1269/0.png", "question_id": 720, "text": "Does the patient require immediate intervention for a chest pathology according to the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient show evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 721, "text": "Does the patient show evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 722, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Has there been any damage observed in the bony structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 723, "text": "Has there been any damage observed in the bony structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 724, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3106_IM-1456/0.png", "question_id": 725, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "question_id": 726, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can any lung infiltrates be observed on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "question_id": 727, "text": "Can any lung infiltrates be observed on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "question_id": 728, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "question_id": 729, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2061_IM-0698/0.png", "question_id": 730, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the previous X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR39_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 731, "text": "Has there been any change in the heart and lungs since the previous X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are both lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR39_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 732, "text": "Are both lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR39_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 733, "text": "Is the heart size normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR39_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 734, "text": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3466_IM-1683/0.png", "question_id": 735, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Streaky perihilar opacities. Peribronchial cuffing also noted. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is peribronchial cuffing observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3466_IM-1683/0.png", "question_id": 736, "text": "Is peribronchial cuffing observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Streaky perihilar opacities. Peribronchial cuffing also noted. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3466_IM-1683/0.png", "question_id": 737, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Streaky perihilar opacities. Peribronchial cuffing also noted. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is the XXXX (presumably a placeholder for another anatomical landmark or area) normal on the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3466_IM-1683/0.png", "question_id": 738, "text": "Is the XXXX (presumably a placeholder for another anatomical landmark or area) normal on the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Streaky perihilar opacities. Peribronchial cuffing also noted. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1191_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 739, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony changes."} {"question": "Does the mediastinal contour appear normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1191_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 740, "text": "Does the mediastinal contour appear normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony changes."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1191_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 741, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony changes."} {"question": "Are there any acute bony changes noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1191_IM-0128/0.png", "question_id": 742, "text": "Are there any acute bony changes noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony changes."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3844_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 743, "text": "Does the patient have any visible pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3844_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 744, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal."} {"question": "Do the chest X-ray findings indicate acute respiratory distress? \n", "answer": "No (based on the report stating lungs are clear).", "image": "CXR3844_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 745, "text": "Do the chest X-ray findings indicate acute respiratory distress? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal."} {"question": "Is it safe to say that the heart is definitely enlarged, based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report describes the heart size as \"upper limits of normal\", not definitively enlarged).", "image": "CXR3844_IM-1945/0.png", "question_id": 746, "text": "Is it safe to say that the heart is definitely enlarged, based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "question_id": 747, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "question_id": 748, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can any infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "question_id": 749, "text": "Can any infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "question_id": 750, "text": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1205_IM-0138/0.png", "question_id": 751, "text": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs without pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray image within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "question_id": 752, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray image within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any indications of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the radiograph? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "question_id": 753, "text": "Are there any indications of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the radiograph? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "question_id": 754, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there a need for immediate intervention based on heart or lung findings on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the patient has no clinical symptoms that would require intervention).", "image": "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "question_id": 755, "text": "Is there a need for immediate intervention based on heart or lung findings on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does this chest X-ray require further evaluation for cardiac enlargement? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2948_IM-1348/0.png", "question_id": 756, "text": "Does this chest X-ray require further evaluation for cardiac enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? - Yes \n", "answer": "2. Are the hilum contours normal on the chest X-ray? - Yes", "image": "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "question_id": 757, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any focal areas of consolidation present in the lungs? - No \n", "answer": "4. Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "question_id": 758, "text": "Are there any focal areas of consolidation present in the lungs? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? - No \n", "answer": "6. Do the findings suggest a history of granulomatous disease? - Yes", "image": "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "question_id": 759, "text": "Does the patient have pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Are the visualized XXXX XXXX intact on the chest X-ray? - Yes \n", "answer": "8. Is there any acute osseous abnormality present? - No", "image": "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "question_id": 760, "text": "Are the visualized XXXX XXXX intact on the chest X-ray? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Can the chest X-ray rule out chronic lung conditions? (Assuming granulomatous disease is not considered chronic for this question) - Yes \n", "answer": "10. Does the chest X-ray indicate any immediate need for surgical intervention? - No", "image": "CXR578_IM-2176/0.png", "question_id": 761, "text": "Can the chest X-ray rule out chronic lung conditions? (Assuming granulomatous disease is not considered chronic for this question) - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings compatible with prior granulomatous disease. The visualized XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "question_id": 762, "text": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "question_id": 763, "text": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma."} {"question": "Is the aorta appearing tortuous on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "question_id": 764, "text": "Is the aorta appearing tortuous on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma."} {"question": "Is there a granuloma present in the right lower lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "question_id": 765, "text": "Is there a granuloma present in the right lower lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma."} {"question": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure evident on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the report mentions the heart size is within normal limits and there is no pleural effusion).", "image": "CXR3774_IM-1892/0.png", "question_id": 766, "text": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure evident on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Atherosclerotic calcification within the aorta. Right lower lung granuloma."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the heart size is within the normal range? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 767, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the heart size is within the normal range? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam."} {"question": "Do the X-ray findings suggest there has been worsening of the hiatal hernia since the last examination? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 768, "text": "Do the X-ray findings suggest there has been worsening of the hiatal hernia since the last examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam."} {"question": "Can calcified granulomas be seen on both sides of the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 769, "text": "Can calcified granulomas be seen on both sides of the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam."} {"question": "Is the patient experiencing a large pneumothorax according to the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 770, "text": "Is the patient experiencing a large pneumothorax according to the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam."} {"question": "Is the mild fullness of the left hilum considered a typical finding on a chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "It depends on context and underlying conditions; radiologists often use comparison with previous imagery, clinical correlation, and patient history to determine if a finding is atypical. This question cannot be answered with Yes or No without additional context on what is considered 'typical.'", "image": "CXR3192_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 771, "text": "Is the mild fullness of the left hilum considered a typical finding on a chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Mild fullness of the left hilum, small interval change from prior exam. Lucencies throughout the chest XXXX representing emphysematous change. Scattered bilateral calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax. Large hiatal hernia, increased from prior exam."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "question_id": 772, "text": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant."} {"question": "Can any focal infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "question_id": 773, "text": "Can any focal infiltrates be seen in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "question_id": 774, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant."} {"question": "Are the bones, such as ribs and clavicles, appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "question_id": 775, "text": "Are the bones, such as ribs and clavicles, appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant."} {"question": "Are surgical clips present in the right upper quadrant on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2229_IM-0831/0.png", "question_id": 776, "text": "Are surgical clips present in the right upper quadrant on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. Surgical clips are seen the right upper quadrant."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "question_id": 777, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any indications of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "question_id": 778, "text": "Are there any indications of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature normal in size? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "question_id": 779, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature normal in size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can any pathology be seen in the lungs on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "question_id": 780, "text": "Can any pathology be seen in the lungs on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent rib fracture, based on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR785_IM-2325/0.png", "question_id": 781, "text": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent rib fracture, based on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the patient show any evidence of a cardiac or mediastinal abnormality on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3355_IM-1609/0.png", "question_id": 782, "text": "Does the patient show any evidence of a cardiac or mediastinal abnormality on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation such as pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3355_IM-1609/0.png", "question_id": 783, "text": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation such as pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3355_IM-1609/0.png", "question_id": 784, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Can any lung pathologies be identified on the X-ray image of the patient? \n", "answer": "No, the lungs are clear.", "image": "CXR3355_IM-1609/0.png", "question_id": 785, "text": "Can any lung pathologies be identified on the X-ray image of the patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1544_IM-0354/0.png", "question_id": 786, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1544_IM-0354/0.png", "question_id": 787, "text": "Is there evidence of collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1544_IM-0354/0.png", "question_id": 788, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray entirely normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1544_IM-0354/0.png", "question_id": 789, "text": "Is the chest X-ray entirely normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal cardiomediastinal contours considering their lung volumes and patient rotation? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR304_IM-1413/0.png", "question_id": 790, "text": "Does the patient have normal cardiomediastinal contours considering their lung volumes and patient rotation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. A total of 3 images were obtained. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits allowing for low lung volumes and patient rotation. There is XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right infrahilar lymph XXXX again seen. Partially visualized lower cervical spine fusion XXXX."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of atelectasis on the radiographs? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming XXXX XXXX atelectasis should read as 'some' or 'evidence of' atelectasis).", "image": "CXR304_IM-1413/0.png", "question_id": 791, "text": "Is there any evidence of atelectasis on the radiographs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. A total of 3 images were obtained. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits allowing for low lung volumes and patient rotation. There is XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right infrahilar lymph XXXX again seen. Partially visualized lower cervical spine fusion XXXX."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR304_IM-1413/0.png", "question_id": 792, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. A total of 3 images were obtained. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits allowing for low lung volumes and patient rotation. There is XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right infrahilar lymph XXXX again seen. Partially visualized lower cervical spine fusion XXXX."} {"question": "Are there calcified right infrahilar lymph nodes visible on the image? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming XXXX is a descriptor of the nodes such as 'nodules' or 'pathology').", "image": "CXR304_IM-1413/0.png", "question_id": 793, "text": "Are there calcified right infrahilar lymph nodes visible on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. A total of 3 images were obtained. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits allowing for low lung volumes and patient rotation. There is XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right infrahilar lymph XXXX again seen. Partially visualized lower cervical spine fusion XXXX."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of infection in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "question_id": 794, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of infection in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "question_id": 795, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine."} {"question": "Are there changes in the endplates of the spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "question_id": 796, "text": "Are there changes in the endplates of the spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine."} {"question": "Is the overall lung field clear in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "question_id": 797, "text": "Is the overall lung field clear in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR692_IM-2258/0.png", "question_id": 798, "text": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumothorax on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "question_id": 799, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumothorax on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal based on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "question_id": 800, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal based on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any visible fractures or abnormalities in the bony structures on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "question_id": 801, "text": "Are there any visible fractures or abnormalities in the bony structures on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "question_id": 802, "text": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) visible on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR435_IM-2075/0.png", "question_id": 803, "text": "Are there any signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) visible on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1860_IM-0558/0.png", "question_id": 804, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is dextrocurvature of the thoracic spine. There is XXXX deformity of the T9 vertebral body. Levocurvature of the lumbar spine with significant degenerative change is also noted."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1860_IM-0558/0.png", "question_id": 805, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is dextrocurvature of the thoracic spine. There is XXXX deformity of the T9 vertebral body. Levocurvature of the lumbar spine with significant degenerative change is also noted."} {"question": "Is there dextrocurvature observed in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1860_IM-0558/0.png", "question_id": 806, "text": "Is there dextrocurvature observed in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is dextrocurvature of the thoracic spine. There is XXXX deformity of the T9 vertebral body. Levocurvature of the lumbar spine with significant degenerative change is also noted."} {"question": "Can levocurvature of the lumbar spine be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1860_IM-0558/0.png", "question_id": 807, "text": "Can levocurvature of the lumbar spine be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is dextrocurvature of the thoracic spine. There is XXXX deformity of the T9 vertebral body. Levocurvature of the lumbar spine with significant degenerative change is also noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray report indicate an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3136_IM-1475/0.png", "question_id": 808, "text": "Does the chest X-ray report indicate an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest increased pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3136_IM-1475/0.png", "question_id": 809, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest increased pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any suspicious pulmonary opacities reported on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3136_IM-1475/0.png", "question_id": 810, "text": "Are there any suspicious pulmonary opacities reported on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax as per the chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3136_IM-1475/0.png", "question_id": 811, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax as per the chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "question_id": 812, "text": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "question_id": 813, "text": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure."} {"question": "Does the right lung appear clear in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "question_id": 814, "text": "Does the right lung appear clear in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure."} {"question": "Is there minimal atelectasis or early infiltrate seen in the left lung base? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "question_id": 815, "text": "Is there minimal atelectasis or early infiltrate seen in the left lung base? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure."} {"question": "Are the surgical changes in the cervical spine indicative of a prior fusion procedure? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3687_IM-1838/0.png", "question_id": 816, "text": "Are the surgical changes in the cervical spine indicative of a prior fusion procedure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits given AP projection. The right lung appears clear. There is minimal patchy atelectasis or early infiltrate in left lung base. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a partially visualized IVC XXXX on the lateral view. There are partially visualized surgical changes the cervical spine compatible with prior fusion procedure."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 817, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can aortic calcifications be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 818, "text": "Can aortic calcifications be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are chronic changes visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 819, "text": "Are chronic changes visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 820, "text": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are small calcified lymph nodes identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes, as small calcified lymph nodes are noted.", "image": "CXR3673_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 821, "text": "Are small calcified lymph nodes identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are stable. Aortic calcifications are noted. There are small calcified lymph XXXX. Emphysema and chronic changes are identified. There is XXXX opacity in the left perihilar upper lobe. There is questionable XXXX extension to the pleural surface. This may represent acute infiltrate or developing density. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1256_IM-0173/0.png", "question_id": 822, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumonia or lung infiltrate on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1256_IM-0173/0.png", "question_id": 823, "text": "Are there signs of pneumonia or lung infiltrate on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1256_IM-0173/0.png", "question_id": 824, "text": "Does the X-ray show any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have a chest XXXX (most likely, chest tube or central venous catheter) in place on the right side? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "question_id": 825, "text": "Does the patient have a chest XXXX (most likely, chest tube or central venous catheter) in place on the right side? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any abnormal enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "question_id": 826, "text": "Is there any abnormal enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can any pulmonary nodules or mass lesions be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "question_id": 827, "text": "Can any pulmonary nodules or mass lesions be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "question_id": 828, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any abnormalities that would suggest the patient has a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"pulmonary consolidation\" is indicative of acute infection, but note that some lung infections may not show as consolidation)", "image": "CXR3843_IM-1944/0.png", "question_id": 829, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any abnormalities that would suggest the patient has a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "A right-sided chest XXXX remains in XXXX with the distal tip at the level of the mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pulmonary nodules or mass lesions identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 830, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of cardiomegaly? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are the interstitial lung markings on the chest X-ray suggestive of volume overload? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 831, "text": "Are the interstitial lung markings on the chest X-ray suggestive of volume overload? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a tunneled dialysis catheter in place as seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 832, "text": "Does the patient have a tunneled dialysis catheter in place as seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there still a residual left basilar effusion visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 833, "text": "Is there still a residual left basilar effusion visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the mediastinal contour considered normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Since the report mentions \"stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour\" without indicating it as abnormal, it's not clear. This answer would require further clarification. Typically, cardiomegaly indicates an abnormality but the descriptor \"stable\" could mean it's an unchanged finding from prior studies.", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 834, "text": "Is the mediastinal contour considered normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any new findings when compared to previous images? \n", "answer": "The question cannot be answered with a simple yes or no without having access to the previous images for comparison.", "image": "CXR3595_IM-1773-0001/0.png", "question_id": 835, "text": "Does the X-ray show any new findings when compared to previous images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Increased interstitial lung markings are seen, possibly due to volume overload. There is improved aeration of the lung bases with small residual left basilar effusion. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Stable tunneled dialysis catheter. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show reduced lung volumes on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1675_IM-0445/0.png", "question_id": 836, "text": "Does the patient show reduced lung volumes on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes remain low. No infiltrates. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest that the patient's heart size is within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1675_IM-0445/0.png", "question_id": 837, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest that the patient's heart size is within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes remain low. No infiltrates. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3066_IM-1430/0.png", "question_id": 838, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild emphysematous changes without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion. XXXX lingular scarring or atelectasis noted."} {"question": "Are there signs of significant emphysematous changes on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (As the changes described are 'mild')", "image": "CXR3066_IM-1430/0.png", "question_id": 839, "text": "Are there signs of significant emphysematous changes on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild emphysematous changes without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion. XXXX lingular scarring or atelectasis noted."} {"question": "Can focal consolidation be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3066_IM-1430/0.png", "question_id": 840, "text": "Can focal consolidation be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild emphysematous changes without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion. XXXX lingular scarring or atelectasis noted."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "question_id": 841, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum appearing normal on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "question_id": 842, "text": "Is the mediastinum appearing normal on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there a foreign body present over the left chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "question_id": 843, "text": "Is there a foreign body present over the left chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormalities in the heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "question_id": 844, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormalities in the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2681_IM-1154/0.png", "question_id": 845, "text": "Are the pulmonary fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a small stable XXXX foreign body noted over the left chest. There are vascular calcifications over the aortic XXXX. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show signs of hyperinflation in the lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "question_id": 846, "text": "Does the X-ray show signs of hyperinflation in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "question_id": 847, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified."} {"question": "Can any abnormalities be seen in the mediastinal contours on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "question_id": 848, "text": "Can any abnormalities be seen in the mediastinal contours on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "question_id": 849, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2336_IM-0903/0.png", "question_id": 850, "text": "Does the patient show signs of congestive heart failure on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal XXXX identified."} {"question": "Are there any indications of pleural effusions in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3283_IM-1564/0.png", "question_id": 851, "text": "Are there any indications of pleural effusions in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the lung fields of the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3283_IM-1564/0.png", "question_id": 852, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the lung fields of the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is the heart's contour abnormal on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3283_IM-1564/0.png", "question_id": 853, "text": "Is the heart's contour abnormal on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is the patient showing signs of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray, such as pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3283_IM-1564/0.png", "question_id": 854, "text": "Is the patient showing signs of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray, such as pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 855, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any improvements in the right base densities compared to previous images? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 856, "text": "Are there any improvements in the right base densities compared to previous images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there opacities at the left lung base? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 857, "text": "Are there opacities at the left lung base? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there surgical clips visible in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 858, "text": "Are there surgical clips visible in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are extensive pleural densities present on the right side of the chest? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 859, "text": "Are extensive pleural densities present on the right side of the chest? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural thickening or localized fluid on the right? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR569_IM-2169-0001/0.png", "question_id": 860, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural thickening or localized fluid on the right? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Right base densities are again noted which appear improved. Previously seen left pleural effusion has resolved. There continues to be some left base opacities which may represent atelectasis. Surgical clips and suture lines are noted in the mediastinum. An air-fluid level is seen in the upper right abdomen immediately below the right hemidiaphragm. Extensive pleural densities are present on the right which may represent localized fluid or pleural thickening. No definite pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1030_IM-0024/0.png", "question_id": 861, "text": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1030_IM-0024/0.png", "question_id": 862, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of acute fractures or other bony abnormalities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1030_IM-0024/0.png", "question_id": 863, "text": "Are there any signs of acute fractures or other bony abnormalities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1030_IM-0024/0.png", "question_id": 864, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1608_IM-0394/0.png", "question_id": 865, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules are identified."} {"question": "Is there evidence of increased pulmonary vasculature marking? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1608_IM-0394/0.png", "question_id": 866, "text": "Is there evidence of increased pulmonary vasculature marking? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules are identified."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1608_IM-0394/0.png", "question_id": 867, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules are identified."} {"question": "Are there any pulmonary nodules visible on the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1608_IM-0394/0.png", "question_id": 868, "text": "Are there any pulmonary nodules visible on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules are identified."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR623_IM-2205/0.png", "question_id": 869, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. There is again a pleural based density in the right lung base, XXXX related to subpleural fat. The appearance is stable from multiple previous studies. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there atherosclerotic calcifications present in the aorta on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR623_IM-2205/0.png", "question_id": 870, "text": "Are there atherosclerotic calcifications present in the aorta on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. There is again a pleural based density in the right lung base, XXXX related to subpleural fat. The appearance is stable from multiple previous studies. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Could the pleural based density in the right lung base be related to subpleural fat? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR623_IM-2205/0.png", "question_id": 871, "text": "Could the pleural based density in the right lung base be related to subpleural fat? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. There is again a pleural based density in the right lung base, XXXX related to subpleural fat. The appearance is stable from multiple previous studies. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lungs appearing congested or filled with fluid on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR623_IM-2205/0.png", "question_id": 872, "text": "Are the lungs appearing congested or filled with fluid on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. There is again a pleural based density in the right lung base, XXXX related to subpleural fat. The appearance is stable from multiple previous studies. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size of the patient abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2965_IM-1358/0.png", "question_id": 873, "text": "Is the heart size of the patient abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2965_IM-1358/0.png", "question_id": 874, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a lung infection on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "question_id": 875, "text": "Is there any indication of a lung infection on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "question_id": 876, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a collapsed lung, or pneumothrax, be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "question_id": 877, "text": "Can a collapsed lung, or pneumothrax, be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray normal in appearance? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "question_id": 878, "text": "Is the chest X-ray normal in appearance? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since the heart size is within normal limits and no pulmonary opacities are mentioned, which suggests that the mediastinal contour is likely normal.", "image": "CXR2876_IM-1282/0.png", "question_id": 879, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "question_id": 880, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "question_id": 881, "text": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "question_id": 882, "text": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent rib fracture, judging by the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (as no acute bony abnormality is reported).", "image": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "question_id": 883, "text": "Has the patient likely suffered a recent rib fracture, judging by the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a chronic lung condition, such as fibrosis or emphysema, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (as there is no mention of such findings in the report).", "image": "CXR3922_IM-1996-0001/0.png", "question_id": 884, "text": "Is there evidence of a chronic lung condition, such as fibrosis or emphysema, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3085_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 885, "text": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Marrow pneumothorax, focal lung consolidation or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Can focal lung consolidation be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3085_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 886, "text": "Can focal lung consolidation be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Marrow pneumothorax, focal lung consolidation or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 887, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 888, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture."} {"question": "Is there any focal airspace disease present as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 889, "text": "Is there any focal airspace disease present as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the bony structures are out of normal alignment? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 890, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the bony structures are out of normal alignment? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture."} {"question": "Has there been a change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to previous imaging, according to the report? \n", "answer": "No (The term \"stable\" suggests no change, but this assumes there is prior imaging for comparison.)", "image": "CXR913_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 891, "text": "Has there been a change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to previous imaging, according to the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are in XXXX alignment without fracture."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 892, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are noncalcified pulmonary nodules present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 893, "text": "Are noncalcified pulmonary nodules present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can a right diaphragmatic hump be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 894, "text": "Can a right diaphragmatic hump be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are the crowded bronchovascular markings located in the upper lung zones according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (They are in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones.)", "image": "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 895, "text": "Are the crowded bronchovascular markings located in the upper lung zones according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there an abnormality seen in the left cardiophrenic angle on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes. (The report suggests something that could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia.)", "image": "CXR3474_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 896, "text": "Is there an abnormality seen in the left cardiophrenic angle on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Crowded bronchovascular markings in the hilar and perihilar region, right lower lung zones. Low lung volumes. No noncalcified pulmonary nodules seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No small heart size. There is a right diaphragmatic hump. The soft tissues seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX, could represent an ectatic descending aorta or hiatal hernia. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 897, "text": "Is the heart size normal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the lungs free from any observable pathology on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 898, "text": "Are the lungs free from any observable pathology on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung infection or consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 899, "text": "Are there any signs of lung infection or consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes, as the lungs are reported to be clear, which typically implies normal volumes.", "image": "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 900, "text": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can any cardiac enlargement be detected on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since cardiac contours are within normal limits.", "image": "CXR2146_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 901, "text": "Can any cardiac enlargement be detected on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "question_id": 902, "text": "Is the heart size on the X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "question_id": 903, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted."} {"question": "Is there a presence of pneumothorax in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "question_id": 904, "text": "Is there a presence of pneumothorax in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted."} {"question": "Is the curvature of the spine on the X-ray consistent with an S-shaped deformity? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "question_id": 905, "text": "Is the curvature of the spine on the X-ray consistent with an S-shaped deformity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted."} {"question": "Based on the X-ray findings, does the patient need immediate intervention for a collapsed lung? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1742_IM-0489/0.png", "question_id": 906, "text": "Based on the X-ray findings, does the patient need immediate intervention for a collapsed lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. S-shaped spine curvature noted."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1642_IM-0421/0.png", "question_id": 907, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal with postoperative changes consistent with CABG. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1642_IM-0421/0.png", "question_id": 908, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal with postoperative changes consistent with CABG. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can postoperative changes be seen on the chest X-ray suggestive of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1642_IM-0421/0.png", "question_id": 909, "text": "Can postoperative changes be seen on the chest X-ray suggestive of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal with postoperative changes consistent with CABG. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are degenerative changes evident in the thoracic spine as indicated by the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1642_IM-0421/0.png", "question_id": 910, "text": "Are degenerative changes evident in the thoracic spine as indicated by the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart size is normal with postoperative changes consistent with CABG. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the larger side of normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "question_id": 911, "text": "Is the heart size on the larger side of normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "question_id": 912, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity."} {"question": "Does the patient have an abnormality in the right lower lobe on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "question_id": 913, "text": "Does the patient have an abnormality in the right lower lobe on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of lung congestion? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"XXXX\" does not refer to congestion or another finding that wasn't fully reported).", "image": "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "question_id": 914, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of lung congestion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity."} {"question": "Is the right basilar air space opacity suggestive of a possible infection or consolidation? \n", "answer": "Yes (Assuming the common interpretation of \"air space opacity,\" which could suggest an infectious process or consolidation, even though the exact cause can't be determined solely from the term \"air space opacity\").", "image": "CXR2363_IM-0926/0.png", "question_id": 915, "text": "Is the right basilar air space opacity suggestive of a possible infection or consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is right basilar air space opacity."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "question_id": 916, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated."} {"question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "question_id": 917, "text": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated."} {"question": "Can biapical scarring and pleural thickening be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "question_id": 918, "text": "Can biapical scarring and pleural thickening be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated."} {"question": "Is there retraction of the right-sided superior hilum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "question_id": 919, "text": "Is there retraction of the right-sided superior hilum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest an acute pulmonary infiltrate? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR3508_IM-1710/0.png", "question_id": 920, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest an acute pulmonary infiltrate? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. There are stable bilateral pleural effusions with partial right-sided loculation. Biapical scarring and pleural thickening appears stable. There is again right-sided superior hilar retraction and mild rightward XXXX deviation. No acute infiltrate is appreciated."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette appearing normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "question_id": 921, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette appearing normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of consolidation on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "question_id": 922, "text": "Is there any evidence of consolidation on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "question_id": 923, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Can any abnormal soft tissue findings be seen on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "question_id": 924, "text": "Can any abnormal soft tissue findings be seen on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Has a pathology been identified in the provided chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2918_IM-1320/0.png", "question_id": 925, "text": "Has a pathology been identified in the provided chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Has the patient undergone extubation since the previous examination? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "question_id": 926, "text": "Has the patient undergone extubation since the previous examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of an enteric tube that was previously in place but is now removed? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "question_id": 927, "text": "Is there evidence of an enteric tube that was previously in place but is now removed? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is the patient's thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis considered mild? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "question_id": 928, "text": "Is the patient's thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis considered mild? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a new finding of focal consolidation on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "question_id": 929, "text": "Is there a new finding of focal consolidation on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2088_IM-0719/0.png", "question_id": 930, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination from XXXX, there has been extubation and removal of central line and enteric tube. Stable cardiomegaly and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis. Left basilar opacity XXXX represents chronic fibrosis/scar. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1765_IM-0499/0.png", "question_id": 931, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is rounded calcified density within the left lower lobe most consistent with granuloma. Remaining lungs are clear without evidence of focal opacification. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is the rounded calcified density likely indicative of a granuloma? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1765_IM-0499/0.png", "question_id": 932, "text": "Is the rounded calcified density likely indicative of a granuloma? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is rounded calcified density within the left lower lobe most consistent with granuloma. Remaining lungs are clear without evidence of focal opacification. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any sign of focal opacification in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1765_IM-0499/0.png", "question_id": 933, "text": "Is there any sign of focal opacification in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is rounded calcified density within the left lower lobe most consistent with granuloma. Remaining lungs are clear without evidence of focal opacification. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1765_IM-0499/0.png", "question_id": 934, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is rounded calcified density within the left lower lobe most consistent with granuloma. Remaining lungs are clear without evidence of focal opacification. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an abnormal mediastinal contour? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1470_IM-0303/0.png", "question_id": 935, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an abnormal mediastinal contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any presence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1470_IM-0303/0.png", "question_id": 936, "text": "Is there any presence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs appearing clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1470_IM-0303/0.png", "question_id": 937, "text": "Are the patient's lungs appearing clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3775_IM-1893/0.png", "question_id": 938, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3775_IM-1893/0.png", "question_id": 939, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3775_IM-1893/0.png", "question_id": 940, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Can any fractures be seen in the bones within this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3775_IM-1893/0.png", "question_id": 941, "text": "Can any fractures be seen in the bones within this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "question_id": 942, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "question_id": 943, "text": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the presence of degenerative changes of the thoracic spine indicated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "question_id": 944, "text": "Is the presence of degenerative changes of the thoracic spine indicated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there an identification of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "question_id": 945, "text": "Is there an identification of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are the frontal and lateral radiographs indicative of any pulmonary mass or lesion? \n", "answer": "No (based on the given report information).", "image": "CXR3521_IM-1719/0.png", "question_id": 946, "text": "Are the frontal and lateral radiographs indicative of any pulmonary mass or lesion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is right greater than left biapical bullous emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there indications of prominent interstitial markings on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/0.png", "question_id": 947, "text": "Are there indications of prominent interstitial markings on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Normal heart size. Catheter tubing present in the upper midabdomen. There is bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease, right greater than left."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/0.png", "question_id": 948, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Normal heart size. Catheter tubing present in the upper midabdomen. There is bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease, right greater than left."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (The heart size is mentioned as \"normal.\")", "image": "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/0.png", "question_id": 949, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Normal heart size. Catheter tubing present in the upper midabdomen. There is bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease, right greater than left."} {"question": "Is there bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3382_IM-1629-0001/0.png", "question_id": 950, "text": "Is there bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Normal heart size. Catheter tubing present in the upper midabdomen. There is bilateral acromioclavicular degenerative joint disease, right greater than left."} {"question": "Does the patient have streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1015_IM-0001/0.png", "question_id": 951, "text": "Does the patient have streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, triangular density projected over the heart on the lateral view. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1015_IM-0001/0.png", "question_id": 952, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, triangular density projected over the heart on the lateral view. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size."} {"question": "Has there been a change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to the previous X-ray? \n", "answer": "Based on the phrase \"XXXX stable,\" it suggests that there has not been a change, so the answer would likely be No.", "image": "CXR1015_IM-0001/0.png", "question_id": 953, "text": "Has there been a change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to the previous X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, triangular density projected over the heart on the lateral view. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size."} {"question": "Are there any visible lung nodules on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention lung nodules, so the answer would be No based on the information given.", "image": "CXR1015_IM-0001/0.png", "question_id": 954, "text": "Are there any visible lung nodules on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, triangular density projected over the heart on the lateral view. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size."} {"question": "Does the patient have a widened cardiomediastinal silhouette according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "question_id": 955, "text": "Does the patient have a widened cardiomediastinal silhouette according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "question_id": 956, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "question_id": 957, "text": "Are there signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted."} {"question": "Is there any patchy opacity in the right lung base according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "question_id": 958, "text": "Is there any patchy opacity in the right lung base according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show normal pulmonary vasculature? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2537_IM-1049/0.png", "question_id": 959, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show normal pulmonary vasculature? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right-sided aortic XXXX. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. There is right basal XXXX patchy opacity and bibasal atelectasis or scarring. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Right apical calcified granuloma noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have any abnormal cardiac enlargement as visualized on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "question_id": 960, "text": "Does the patient have any abnormal cardiac enlargement as visualized on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "question_id": 961, "text": "Is there any evidence of mediastinal widening on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any fractures or deformities in the bony structures of the chest? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "question_id": 962, "text": "Are there any fractures or deformities in the bony structures of the chest? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can any pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "question_id": 963, "text": "Can any pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the diaphragms of the patient at a normal level and contour? \n", "answer": "Yes, assuming this since the report suggests other structures are normal and no abnormalities are noted.", "image": "CXR1460_IM-0298/0.png", "question_id": 964, "text": "Are the diaphragms of the patient at a normal level and contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient's heart size appear to be normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "question_id": 965, "text": "Does the patient's heart size appear to be normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "question_id": 966, "text": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any presence of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "question_id": 967, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any presence of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there any indication of heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear normal.", "image": "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "question_id": 968, "text": "Is there any indication of heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung fibrosis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, fibrosis would typically be evidenced by specific patterns not described in the report.", "image": "CXR1319_IM-0205/0.png", "question_id": 969, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung fibrosis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show evidence of a mildly enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3993_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 970, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show evidence of a mildly enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Left hemidiaphragm is elevated. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. The mediastinum is unremarkable."} {"question": "Can an acute infiltrate be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3993_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 971, "text": "Can an acute infiltrate be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Left hemidiaphragm is elevated. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. The mediastinum is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any abnormalities in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3993_IM-2044/0.png", "question_id": 972, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any abnormalities in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Left hemidiaphragm is elevated. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. The mediastinum is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "question_id": 973, "text": "Does the patient have any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the provided chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "question_id": 974, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the provided chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question": "Is there any focal infiltrate visible in the patient's lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "question_id": 975, "text": "Is there any focal infiltrate visible in the patient's lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question": "Do the findings on the chest X-ray suggest the need for immediate surgical intervention? \n", "answer": "No, based on the report which indicates normal findings.", "image": "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "question_id": 976, "text": "Do the findings on the chest X-ray suggest the need for immediate surgical intervention? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question": "Does this chest X-ray indicate the patient requires antibiotics for a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No, clear lungs and no focal infiltrate suggest there is no lung infection as per the X-ray findings at the time the X-ray was taken.", "image": "CXR988_IM-2474/0.png", "question_id": 977, "text": "Does this chest X-ray indicate the patient requires antibiotics for a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any enlargement of the heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "question_id": 978, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any enlargement of the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung infection or congestion evident in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "question_id": 979, "text": "Are there any signs of lung infection or congestion evident in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray demonstrate any masses or nodules within the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "question_id": 980, "text": "Does the chest X-ray demonstrate any masses or nodules within the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Can we observe any pathology in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "question_id": 981, "text": "Can we observe any pathology in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any signs of chronic lung disease like COPD? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2445_IM-0981/0.png", "question_id": 982, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any signs of chronic lung disease like COPD? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1193_IM-0129/0.png", "question_id": 983, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlarged cardiac silhouette. Persistent bilateral lower lobe airspace disease, not significantly XXXX compared to prior. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1193_IM-0129/0.png", "question_id": 984, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlarged cardiac silhouette. Persistent bilateral lower lobe airspace disease, not significantly XXXX compared to prior. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any acute bony abnormality evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1193_IM-0129/0.png", "question_id": 985, "text": "Is there any acute bony abnormality evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlarged cardiac silhouette. Persistent bilateral lower lobe airspace disease, not significantly XXXX compared to prior. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette considered normal size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1193_IM-0129/0.png", "question_id": 986, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette considered normal size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlarged cardiac silhouette. Persistent bilateral lower lobe airspace disease, not significantly XXXX compared to prior. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 987, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature and contours appearing normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 988, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature and contours appearing normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear of any infiltrates or consolidations? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 989, "text": "Are the lungs clear of any infiltrates or consolidations? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Is there evidence of any pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 990, "text": "Is there evidence of any pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3472_IM-1688/0.png", "question_id": 991, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear stable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR850_IM-2373-0001/0.png", "question_id": 992, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear stable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR850_IM-2373-0001/0.png", "question_id": 993, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes, since no pleural effusion or consolidation is mentioned, it can be inferred that the lung fields are relatively clear.", "image": "CXR850_IM-2373-0001/0.png", "question_id": 994, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? - Yes \n", "answer": "2. Are the lungs well aerated according to the chest X-ray? - Yes", "image": "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "question_id": 995, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? - No \n", "answer": "4. Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "question_id": 996, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study."} {"question": "Is there any lobar air space consolidation present on the chest X-ray? - No \n", "answer": "6. Is the right middle lobe collapse more distinct compared to the prior study on this chest X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "question_id": 997, "text": "Is there any lobar air space consolidation present on the chest X-ray? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study."} {"question": " \n", "answer": "8. Is mediastinal widening observed on the chest X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "question_id": 998, "text": " Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study."} {"question": "Are there any pathologies noted in the chest X-ray that suggest a recent acute chest event? - No \n", "answer": "10. Does the chest X-ray show any improvement in the right middle lobe collapse compared to the prior study? - Yes", "image": "CXR1277_IM-0185/0.png", "question_id": 999, "text": "Are there any pathologies noted in the chest X-ray that suggest a recent acute chest event? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or lobar air space consolidation. XXXX right middle lobe collapse appears less distinct than on prior study."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 1000, "text": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 1001, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the visualized bones on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 1002, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the visualized bones on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 1003, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible evidence of a rib fracture on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2145_IM-0766/0.png", "question_id": 1004, "text": "Is there any visible evidence of a rib fracture on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Visualized bony structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal cardiac and mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3016_IM-1392/0.png", "question_id": 1005, "text": "Does the patient have normal cardiac and mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there evidence of prior granulomatous disease in the patient's lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3016_IM-1392/0.png", "question_id": 1006, "text": "Is there evidence of prior granulomatous disease in the patient's lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear of any acute pathological findings? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3016_IM-1392/0.png", "question_id": 1007, "text": "Are the lungs clear of any acute pathological findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3016_IM-1392/0.png", "question_id": 1008, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the right hemidiaphragm appear elevated in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "question_id": 1009, "text": "Does the right hemidiaphragm appear elevated in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any mention of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "question_id": 1010, "text": "Is there any mention of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are the right-sided opacities described as stable in appearance on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "question_id": 1011, "text": "Are the right-sided opacities described as stable in appearance on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of new pathological findings compared to previous chest X-rays? \n", "answer": "No answer can be provided as the report does not mention a comparison with previous studies.", "image": "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "question_id": 1012, "text": "Is there evidence of new pathological findings compared to previous chest X-rays? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question": "Has there been any resolution of the right-sided opacities compared to previous images? \n", "answer": "No answer can be provided as the report does not mention a comparison with previous studies.", "image": "CXR308_IM-1439/0.png", "question_id": 1013, "text": "Has there been any resolution of the right-sided opacities compared to previous images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearing right-sided XXXX the opacities. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray larger than normal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1377_IM-0242/0.png", "question_id": 1014, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray larger than normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are there any focal infiltrates present in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1377_IM-0242/0.png", "question_id": 1015, "text": "Are there any focal infiltrates present in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1377_IM-0242/0.png", "question_id": 1016, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are the XXXX (which could imply bones, pulmonary vessels, or other chest structures depending on the context provided in the X-ray) on the chest X-ray abnormal? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"grossly normal\" refers to the XXXX)", "image": "CXR1377_IM-0242/0.png", "question_id": 1017, "text": "Are the XXXX (which could imply bones, pulmonary vessels, or other chest structures depending on the context provided in the X-ray) on the chest X-ray abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "question_id": 1018, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear."} {"question": "Can emphysematous changes be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "question_id": 1019, "text": "Can emphysematous changes be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung congestion on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "question_id": 1020, "text": "Is there evidence of lung congestion on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear."} {"question": "Does the report indicate any signs of pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "question_id": 1021, "text": "Does the report indicate any signs of pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear."} {"question": "Is there mention of any lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2209_IM-0816/0.png", "question_id": 1022, "text": "Is there mention of any lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Emphysematous changes are identified. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3221_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 1023, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3221_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 1024, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the visualized osseous structures of the thorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3221_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 1025, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the visualized osseous structures of the thorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any pathological findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3221_IM-1522/0.png", "question_id": 1026, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any pathological findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have low lung volumes evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2433_IM-0975/0.png", "question_id": 1027, "text": "Does the patient have low lung volumes evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes with bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there focal consolidations present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2433_IM-0975/0.png", "question_id": 1028, "text": "Are there focal consolidations present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes with bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Has a pneumothorax been identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2433_IM-0975/0.png", "question_id": 1029, "text": "Has a pneumothorax been identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes with bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can degenerative changes of the thoracic spine be seen on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2433_IM-0975/0.png", "question_id": 1030, "text": "Can degenerative changes of the thoracic spine be seen on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes with bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities found within the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "question_id": 1031, "text": "Are there any abnormalities found within the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "question_id": 1032, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, is there any sign of congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No (given that the heart size is normal and there's no information that suggests congestion).", "image": "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "question_id": 1033, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, is there any sign of congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine."} {"question": "Are there nodules or masses reported in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report states that the \"lungs are clear\").", "image": "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "question_id": 1034, "text": "Are there nodules or masses reported in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No (nothing about pleural effusion is noted in the report).", "image": "CXR2575_IM-1075/0.png", "question_id": 1035, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes within the spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1036, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1037, "text": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Is there any sign of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (normal heart size and absence of infiltrates suggest against it).", "image": "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1038, "text": "Is there any sign of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the potential for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? \n", "answer": "No (low lung volumes may not be specific for COPD and no other findings are mentioned).", "image": "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1039, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the potential for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Is the trachea deviated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (again, not reported).", "image": "CXR761_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1040, "text": "Is the trachea deviated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2531_IM-1045/0.png", "question_id": 1041, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Scattered calcified granulomas noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2531_IM-1045/0.png", "question_id": 1042, "text": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Scattered calcified granulomas noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette normal in appearance on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2531_IM-1045/0.png", "question_id": 1043, "text": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette normal in appearance on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Scattered calcified granulomas noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine indicated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2531_IM-1045/0.png", "question_id": 1044, "text": "Is there mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine indicated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Scattered calcified granulomas noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bone injury? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "question_id": 1045, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bone injury? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality in the cardiomediastinal silhouette noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "question_id": 1046, "text": "Is there any abnormality in the cardiomediastinal silhouette noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question": "Does the X-ray image suggest the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "question_id": 1047, "text": "Does the X-ray image suggest the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion identifiable on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "question_id": 1048, "text": "Is a pleural effusion identifiable on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question": "Can structures superimposed on the superior mediastinum be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3415_IM-1650/0.png", "question_id": 1049, "text": "Can structures superimposed on the superior mediastinum be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Prominence of superior mediastinal, XXXX superimposed structures. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "question_id": 1050, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "question_id": 1051, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture."} {"question": "Is there a calcified granuloma in the left lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "question_id": 1052, "text": "Is there a calcified granuloma in the left lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture."} {"question": "Does the patient have an active lung infection based on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "question_id": 1053, "text": "Does the patient have an active lung infection based on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture."} {"question": "Is the X-ray indicative of any new traumatic injuries to the thoracic area? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2378_IM-0938/0.png", "question_id": 1054, "text": "Is the X-ray indicative of any new traumatic injuries to the thoracic area? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Remote left clavicle fracture."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR980_IM-2468/0.png", "question_id": 1055, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "According to the chest X-ray, is the pulmonary vascularity outside normal parameters? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR980_IM-2468/0.png", "question_id": 1056, "text": "According to the chest X-ray, is the pulmonary vascularity outside normal parameters? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of suspicious pulmonary opacity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR980_IM-2468/0.png", "question_id": 1057, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of suspicious pulmonary opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there a definite pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR980_IM-2468/0.png", "question_id": 1058, "text": "Is there a definite pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of an acute abnormality present in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2159_IM-0776/0.png", "question_id": 1059, "text": "Is there any evidence of an acute abnormality present in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any enlargement of the heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2159_IM-0776/0.png", "question_id": 1060, "text": "Does the X-ray show any enlargement of the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2159_IM-0776/0.png", "question_id": 1061, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Can one observe pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2159_IM-0776/0.png", "question_id": 1062, "text": "Can one observe pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. ."} {"question": "Does the patient have a history of sternotomy? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "question_id": 1063, "text": "Does the patient have a history of sternotomy? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Can a mitral valve replacement be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "question_id": 1064, "text": "Can a mitral valve replacement be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of prominent interstitial markings on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "question_id": 1065, "text": "Is there evidence of prominent interstitial markings on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax observed on this x-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "question_id": 1066, "text": "Is a pneumothorax observed on this x-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any indication of an acute bony abnormality visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR877_IM-2392/0.png", "question_id": 1067, "text": "Is there any indication of an acute bony abnormality visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. Surgical clips overlying the mediastinum. Mitral valve replacement seen. Low lung volumes. The interstitial markings appear prominent, which may represent interstitial edema. There is mild blunting of the posterior sulcus on the lateral view, which could represent a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2401_IM-0950/0.png", "question_id": 1068, "text": "Does the patient show signs of an enlarged heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumoperitoneum. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are the lungs fully expanded without any areas of collapse? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2401_IM-0950/0.png", "question_id": 1069, "text": "Are the lungs fully expanded without any areas of collapse? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumoperitoneum. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2401_IM-0950/0.png", "question_id": 1070, "text": "Are there signs of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumoperitoneum. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any instances of pneumoperitoneum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2401_IM-0950/0.png", "question_id": 1071, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any instances of pneumoperitoneum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pneumoperitoneum. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of S-shaped scoliosis on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR535_IM-2142/0.png", "question_id": 1072, "text": "Is there evidence of S-shaped scoliosis on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX opacity in the left lower lobe XXXX represents atelectasis or scarring. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR535_IM-2142/0.png", "question_id": 1073, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX opacity in the left lower lobe XXXX represents atelectasis or scarring. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR535_IM-2142/0.png", "question_id": 1074, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX opacity in the left lower lobe XXXX represents atelectasis or scarring. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX."} {"question": "Are there calcifications within the hilar lymph regions visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR535_IM-2142/0.png", "question_id": 1075, "text": "Are there calcifications within the hilar lymph regions visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX opacity in the left lower lobe XXXX represents atelectasis or scarring. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal heart size? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1269_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 1076, "text": "Does the patient have normal heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Left nipple silhouette visualized. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation present in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1269_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 1077, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation present in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Left nipple silhouette visualized. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a large pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1269_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 1078, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a large pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Left nipple silhouette visualized. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute bone abnormalities identified in this report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1269_IM-0181/0.png", "question_id": 1079, "text": "Are there any acute bone abnormalities identified in this report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Left nipple silhouette visualized. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show that the cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR427_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 1080, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show that the cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are the lungs appearing underinflated on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR427_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 1081, "text": "Are the lungs appearing underinflated on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR427_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 1082, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the lungs are overinflated? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR427_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 1083, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the lungs are overinflated? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2314_IM-0889/0.png", "question_id": 1084, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right costophrenic XXXX. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal infiltrates in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2314_IM-0889/0.png", "question_id": 1085, "text": "Is there evidence of focal infiltrates in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right costophrenic XXXX. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart size? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR891_IM-2403/0.png", "question_id": 1086, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation or infection? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR891_IM-2403/0.png", "question_id": 1087, "text": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation or infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax, or air in the pleural space, on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR891_IM-2403/0.png", "question_id": 1088, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax, or air in the pleural space, on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Has the radiologist identified any masses or nodules in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No (based on information given \"free of focal airspace disease\").", "image": "CXR891_IM-2403/0.png", "question_id": 1089, "text": "Has the radiologist identified any masses or nodules in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have surgical clips present in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1090, "text": "Does the patient have surgical clips present in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Has there been a change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to the previous exam? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1091, "text": "Has there been a change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to the previous exam? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Are there any findings of pulmonary consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1092, "text": "Are there any findings of pulmonary consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax detected on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1093, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax detected on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Are there degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? \n", "answer": "- Yes (moderate degenerative changes).", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1094, "text": "Are there degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Is there any loss of height of a mid-thoracic vertebral body? \n", "answer": "- Yes (mild loss).", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1095, "text": "Is there any loss of height of a mid-thoracic vertebral body? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Has the thoracic aorta's appearance changed since the last exam? \n", "answer": "- No (it is described as having a stable appearance).", "image": "CXR1126_IM-0082/0.png", "question_id": 1096, "text": "Has the thoracic aorta's appearance changed since the last exam? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified with stable appearance since XXXX exam. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Scattered right basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Osteopenia. Mild loss of XXXX of a mid thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR136_IM-0233/0.png", "question_id": 1097, "text": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any pleural effusions be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR136_IM-0233/0.png", "question_id": 1098, "text": "Can any pleural effusions be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR136_IM-0233/0.png", "question_id": 1099, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Do any lung nodules or masses appear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR136_IM-0233/0.png", "question_id": 1100, "text": "Do any lung nodules or masses appear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "question_id": 1101, "text": "Is the heart silhouette of normal size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any acute findings present in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "question_id": 1102, "text": "Are there any acute findings present in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "question_id": 1103, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any pathology visible in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "question_id": 1104, "text": "Is there any pathology visible in the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there lung consolidation noted in this chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2768_IM-1212/0.png", "question_id": 1105, "text": "Is there lung consolidation noted in this chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1950_IM-0618/0.png", "question_id": 1106, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there signs of increased pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1950_IM-0618/0.png", "question_id": 1107, "text": "Are there signs of increased pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1950_IM-0618/0.png", "question_id": 1108, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the XXXX mentioned in the report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1950_IM-0618/0.png", "question_id": 1109, "text": "Are there any remarkable findings in the XXXX mentioned in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal cardiac contours according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "question_id": 1110, "text": "Does the patient have normal cardiac contours according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction."} {"question": "Is there evidence of thoracic spondylosis on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "question_id": 1111, "text": "Is there evidence of thoracic spondylosis on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction."} {"question": "Are the abnormalities observed on the X-ray related to the thoracolumbar junction? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "question_id": 1112, "text": "Are the abnormalities observed on the X-ray related to the thoracolumbar junction? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction."} {"question": "Based on the X-ray, is the patient suffering from pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No (because the lungs are reported clear).", "image": "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "question_id": 1113, "text": "Based on the X-ray, is the patient suffering from pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a rib fracture on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report does not mention this).", "image": "CXR1399_IM-0255/0.png", "question_id": 1114, "text": "Is there any indication of a rib fracture on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Partial fusion of 2 vertebral bodies near the thoracolumbar junction."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "question_id": 1115, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates."} {"question": "Are there any signs of infiltration on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "question_id": 1116, "text": "Are there any signs of infiltration on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient show signs of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "question_id": 1117, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient show signs of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "question_id": 1118, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates."} {"question": "Is it appropriate to consider the heart size a potential clinical concern based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR922_IM-2423/0.png", "question_id": 1119, "text": "Is it appropriate to consider the heart size a potential clinical concern based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No infiltrates."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormality within the heart and lungs since the last examination? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "question_id": 1120, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormality within the heart and lungs since the last examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "question_id": 1121, "text": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal."} {"question": "Is the aorta appearing twisted or curved on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "question_id": 1122, "text": "Is the aorta appearing twisted or curved on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum normal in appearance on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "question_id": 1123, "text": "Is the mediastinum normal in appearance on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2446_IM-0982/0.png", "question_id": 1124, "text": "Does the patient show signs of heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. The aorta is tortuous, but the heart and mediastinum otherwise normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2983_IM-1371/0.png", "question_id": 1125, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. There is right lower lobe scarring. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Granulomas present. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Can scarring be seen in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2983_IM-1371/0.png", "question_id": 1126, "text": "Can scarring be seen in the right lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. There is right lower lobe scarring. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Granulomas present. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is a large pleural effusion present on the image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2983_IM-1371/0.png", "question_id": 1127, "text": "Is a large pleural effusion present on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. There is right lower lobe scarring. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Granulomas present. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2983_IM-1371/0.png", "question_id": 1128, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. There is right lower lobe scarring. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Granulomas present. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "question_id": 1129, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there a nodule present in the right upper lobe on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "question_id": 1130, "text": "Is there a nodule present in the right upper lobe on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the trachea deviated from the midline position? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "question_id": 1131, "text": "Is the trachea deviated from the midline position? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there clear lung fields with no additional findings other than the right upper lobe nodule? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "question_id": 1132, "text": "Are there clear lung fields with no additional findings other than the right upper lobe nodule? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3281_IM-1562/0.png", "question_id": 1133, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal. There is a right upper lobe nodule measuring 8 mm in diameter. Trachea is midline. The lungs otherwise clear. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette size and contour? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3716_IM-1856/0.png", "question_id": 1134, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette size and contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture. Bilateral nipple jewelry."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3716_IM-1856/0.png", "question_id": 1135, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture. Bilateral nipple jewelry."} {"question": "Has the patient sustained an acute displaced rib fracture, according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3716_IM-1856/0.png", "question_id": 1136, "text": "Has the patient sustained an acute displaced rib fracture, according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture. Bilateral nipple jewelry."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged pulmonary artery? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3124_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 1137, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged pulmonary artery? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent, marked enlargement of the pulmonary arteries. Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Can any focal airspace consolidation be seen on the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3124_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 1138, "text": "Can any focal airspace consolidation be seen on the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent, marked enlargement of the pulmonary arteries. Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3124_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 1139, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent, marked enlargement of the pulmonary arteries. Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any lung masses or nodules? \n", "answer": "The provided report does not mention lung masses or nodules, so the answer cannot be determined from the given information.", "image": "CXR3124_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 1140, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any lung masses or nodules? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent, marked enlargement of the pulmonary arteries. Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1141, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are the patient\u2019s lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1142, "text": "Are the patient\u2019s lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1143, "text": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any lymph node enlargements (adenopathy) visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1144, "text": "Are there any lymph node enlargements (adenopathy) visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the (part of the chest X-ray report represented by \"XXXX\") described as normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2866_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1145, "text": "Is the (part of the chest X-ray report represented by \"XXXX\") described as normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a large right-sided pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "question_id": 1146, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a large right-sided pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Is the left lung clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "question_id": 1147, "text": "Is the left lung clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "question_id": 1148, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of any consolidation in the left lung? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "question_id": 1149, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of any consolidation in the left lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Can the chest X-ray confirm the stability or progression of the noted spine deformity? \n", "answer": "No (X-rays cannot confirm stability or progression without comparing them to previous X-rays. Also, the report only indicates the present state, not changes over time.)", "image": "CXR2327_IM-0898/0.png", "question_id": 1150, "text": "Can the chest X-ray confirm the stability or progression of the noted spine deformity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval development of a large right-sided pleural effusion. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size mediastinal contours are within normal limits. XXXX deformity is noted at the upper thoracic vertebral body."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR708_IM-2271/0.png", "question_id": 1151, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace opacities. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Are there any focal airspace opacities present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR708_IM-2271/0.png", "question_id": 1152, "text": "Are there any focal airspace opacities present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace opacities. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Is the trachea deviated from the midline according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR708_IM-2271/0.png", "question_id": 1153, "text": "Is the trachea deviated from the midline according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace opacities. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Are there any fractures or abnormalities in the osseous structures included in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR708_IM-2271/0.png", "question_id": 1154, "text": "Are there any fractures or abnormalities in the osseous structures included in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace opacities. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3546_IM-1738/0.png", "question_id": 1155, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of cardiomegaly? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. There is continued interstitial prominence bilaterally. Unchanged vascular appearance. There is patchy retrocardiac opacity. Negative for pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can interstitial prominence be seen bilaterally in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3546_IM-1738/0.png", "question_id": 1156, "text": "Can interstitial prominence be seen bilaterally in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. There is continued interstitial prominence bilaterally. Unchanged vascular appearance. There is patchy retrocardiac opacity. Negative for pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any patchy retrocardiac opacity? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3546_IM-1738/0.png", "question_id": 1157, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any patchy retrocardiac opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. There is continued interstitial prominence bilaterally. Unchanged vascular appearance. There is patchy retrocardiac opacity. Negative for pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention pleural effusion, so the answer cannot be derived from the given information.", "image": "CXR3546_IM-1738/0.png", "question_id": 1158, "text": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. There is continued interstitial prominence bilaterally. Unchanged vascular appearance. There is patchy retrocardiac opacity. Negative for pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate the presence of a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "question_id": 1159, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate the presence of a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "question_id": 1160, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Are there any visible abnormalities in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "question_id": 1161, "text": "Are there any visible abnormalities in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is this chest X-ray indicative of a completely normal study? \n", "answer": "No (Since there is a subtle airspace opacity noted)", "image": "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "question_id": 1162, "text": "Is this chest X-ray indicative of a completely normal study? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Should the patient be evaluated for potential pathology in the right lung base based on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3707_IM-1851/0.png", "question_id": 1163, "text": "Should the patient be evaluated for potential pathology in the right lung base based on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There may be a subtle airspace opacity in the right base near the midclavicular line. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the image show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR831_IM-2358/0.png", "question_id": 1164, "text": "Does the image show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR831_IM-2358/0.png", "question_id": 1165, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is there any focal lung consolidation visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR831_IM-2358/0.png", "question_id": 1166, "text": "Is there any focal lung consolidation visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3691_IM-1842/0.png", "question_id": 1167, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta identified. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta be seen on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3691_IM-1842/0.png", "question_id": 1168, "text": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta be seen on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta identified. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3691_IM-1842/0.png", "question_id": 1169, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta identified. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Are there signs of degenerative changes in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3691_IM-1842/0.png", "question_id": 1170, "text": "Are there signs of degenerative changes in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta identified. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "question_id": 1171, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "question_id": 1172, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size reported to be abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "question_id": 1173, "text": "Is the heart size reported to be abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a radiological sign of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "question_id": 1174, "text": "Does the patient have a radiological sign of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Are any abnormalities detected in the diaphragm on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the report does not mention diaphragmatic abnormalities)", "image": "CXR404_IM-2052/0.png", "question_id": 1175, "text": "Are any abnormalities detected in the diaphragm on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Artifact in the region of the central upper abdomen. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2727_IM-1187/0.png", "question_id": 1176, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Emphysema."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2727_IM-1187/0.png", "question_id": 1177, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Emphysema."} {"question": "Can focal airspace disease be identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2727_IM-1187/0.png", "question_id": 1178, "text": "Can focal airspace disease be identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Emphysema."} {"question": "Do the bony structures of the chest appear damaged or abnormal in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2727_IM-1187/0.png", "question_id": 1179, "text": "Do the bony structures of the chest appear damaged or abnormal in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Emphysema."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "question_id": 1180, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "question_id": 1181, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "question_id": 1182, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the osseous structures of the thorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "question_id": 1183, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient require immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No, based on the X-ray findings alone. However, clinical correlation is always necessary.", "image": "CXR1899_IM-0582/0.png", "question_id": 1184, "text": "Does the patient require immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2424_IM-0966/0.png", "question_id": 1185, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung infection or congestion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. The mediastinum is normal. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Can you see a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2424_IM-0966/0.png", "question_id": 1186, "text": "Can you see a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. The mediastinum is normal. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the mediastinum appear to be abnormally wide or shifted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2424_IM-0966/0.png", "question_id": 1187, "text": "Does the mediastinum appear to be abnormally wide or shifted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. The mediastinum is normal. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "question_id": 1188, "text": "Is the mediastinum within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "question_id": 1189, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can we confirm that both lungs are clear on the radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "question_id": 1190, "text": "Can we confirm that both lungs are clear on the radiograph? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the heart and great vessels shown to be of normal size and contour? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "question_id": 1191, "text": "Are the heart and great vessels shown to be of normal size and contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient free of any acute cardiopulmonary disease, according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (based on the findings mentioned in the report).", "image": "CXR1530_IM-0344/0.png", "question_id": 1192, "text": "Is the patient free of any acute cardiopulmonary disease, according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the trachea deviated on this patient\u2019s chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "question_id": 1193, "text": "Is the trachea deviated on this patient\u2019s chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities."} {"question": "Are there any signs of acute infection like infiltrates in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "question_id": 1194, "text": "Are there any signs of acute infection like infiltrates in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "question_id": 1195, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show enlarged heart size? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "question_id": 1196, "text": "Does the X-ray show enlarged heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any indication of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation, on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No; the report suggests the lungs are clear.", "image": "CXR2797_IM-1229/0.png", "question_id": 1197, "text": "Is there any indication of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation, on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of lung infection or pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR617_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1198, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of lung infection or pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with normal sized heart. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient present with a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR617_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1199, "text": "Does the patient present with a collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with normal sized heart. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Can degenerative changes be observed in the patient's spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR617_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1200, "text": "Can degenerative changes be observed in the patient's spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with normal sized heart. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Was the chest X-ray taken in an anteroposterior (AP) view? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 1201, "text": "Was the chest X-ray taken in an anteroposterior (AP) view? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 1202, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 1203, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any finding that suggests pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (As there is no focal lung consolidation.)", "image": "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 1204, "text": "Is there any finding that suggests pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Was lateral view chest X-ray obtained? \n", "answer": "No. (The report only mentions an AP view.)", "image": "CXR3784_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 1205, "text": "Was lateral view chest X-ray obtained? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "AP view was obtained due to patient condition. Low volume lungs. No focal lung consolidation. The heart is not enlarged. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size appearing normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1799_IM-0519/0.png", "question_id": 1206, "text": "Is the heart size appearing normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1799_IM-0519/0.png", "question_id": 1207, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any acute abnormalities? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1799_IM-0519/0.png", "question_id": 1208, "text": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any acute abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there a need for immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No (since no acute findings are mentioned)", "image": "CXR1799_IM-0519/0.png", "question_id": 1209, "text": "Is there a need for immediate intervention based on the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3885_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 1210, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3885_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 1211, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary markings within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3885_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 1212, "text": "Are the pulmonary markings within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia."} {"question": "Can a lung tumor be suspected from the current chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No (based on the provided report that does not mention a tumor).", "image": "CXR3885_IM-1971/0.png", "question_id": 1213, "text": "Can a lung tumor be suspected from the current chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient's chest X-ray abnormal in size? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3340_IM-1601/0.png", "question_id": 1214, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient's chest X-ray abnormal in size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Minimal XXXX densities, left lung base. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Can minimal opacities be observed at the left lung base on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3340_IM-1601/0.png", "question_id": 1215, "text": "Can minimal opacities be observed at the left lung base on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Minimal XXXX densities, left lung base. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3340_IM-1601/0.png", "question_id": 1216, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Minimal XXXX densities, left lung base. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion evident on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3340_IM-1601/0.png", "question_id": 1217, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion evident on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Minimal XXXX densities, left lung base. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "question_id": 1218, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "question_id": 1219, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the lungs are not clear? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "question_id": 1220, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the lungs are not clear? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the lungs? \n", "answer": "The provided report doesn't state the presence of masses or nodules, so this cannot be determined with a simple 'yes' or 'no' without additional information or a direct observation of the X-ray image.", "image": "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "question_id": 1221, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or nodules in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Can we see any signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The provided report does not state any findings characteristic of COPD, so the answer would be no based on the given information.", "image": "CXR2129_IM-0753/0.png", "question_id": 1222, "text": "Can we see any signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal areas of consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR584_IM-2181/0.png", "question_id": 1223, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal areas of consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size seen on the chest X-ray abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR584_IM-2181/0.png", "question_id": 1224, "text": "Is the heart size seen on the chest X-ray abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR584_IM-2181/0.png", "question_id": 1225, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR251_IM-1032/0.png", "question_id": 1226, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild hyperinflation is noted. There are granulomatous sequela. No acute infiltrate or significant pleural effusion are noted. The costophrenic XXXX are excluded."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of mild hyperinflation? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR251_IM-1032/0.png", "question_id": 1227, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of mild hyperinflation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild hyperinflation is noted. There are granulomatous sequela. No acute infiltrate or significant pleural effusion are noted. The costophrenic XXXX are excluded."} {"question": "Can an acute infiltrate be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR251_IM-1032/0.png", "question_id": 1228, "text": "Can an acute infiltrate be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild hyperinflation is noted. There are granulomatous sequela. No acute infiltrate or significant pleural effusion are noted. The costophrenic XXXX are excluded."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 1229, "text": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 1230, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate."} {"question": "Does the X-ray suggest the patient has pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 1231, "text": "Does the X-ray suggest the patient has pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate."} {"question": "Is there any visible deformity of the lower thoracic vertebral body? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 1232, "text": "Is there any visible deformity of the lower thoracic vertebral body? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal structures normal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1210_IM-0142/0.png", "question_id": 1233, "text": "Are the mediastinal structures normal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a slight XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic body which is age-indeterminate."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3025_IM-1400/0.png", "question_id": 1234, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3025_IM-1400/0.png", "question_id": 1235, "text": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3025_IM-1400/0.png", "question_id": 1236, "text": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient have clear lungs bilaterally? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3025_IM-1400/0.png", "question_id": 1237, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient have clear lungs bilaterally? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "question_id": 1238, "text": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show the aorta to be straight rather than tortuous? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "question_id": 1239, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show the aorta to be straight rather than tortuous? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any elevation of the left hemidiaphragm seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "question_id": 1240, "text": "Is there any elevation of the left hemidiaphragm seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is evidence of subsegmental atelectasis present in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "question_id": 1241, "text": "Is evidence of subsegmental atelectasis present in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2713_IM-1180/0.png", "question_id": 1242, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The lung volumes are low. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Minimal streaky opacities in the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3088_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 1243, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can any fluid accumulation in the lungs (pleural effusion) be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3088_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 1244, "text": "Can any fluid accumulation in the lungs (pleural effusion) be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of thoracic levoscoliosis noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3088_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 1245, "text": "Is there evidence of thoracic levoscoliosis noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a lung infection or consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3088_IM-1444/0.png", "question_id": 1246, "text": "Is there any evidence of a lung infection or consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in appearance? - Yes \n", "answer": "2. Are the lungs hyperexpanded? - Yes", "image": "CXR1471_IM-0304/0.png", "question_id": 1247, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in appearance? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Mild increased lung markings XXXX due to chronic changes. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Calcified left perihilar granuloma redemonstrated."} {"question": "Is there evidence of flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms? - Yes \n", "answer": "4. Are there mild increased lung markings that could be chronic changes? - Yes", "image": "CXR1471_IM-0304/0.png", "question_id": 1248, "text": "Is there evidence of flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Mild increased lung markings XXXX due to chronic changes. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Calcified left perihilar granuloma redemonstrated."} {"question": "Is there any focal pulmonary consolidation present? - No \n", "answer": "6. Is a pneumothorax observed in the X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR1471_IM-0304/0.png", "question_id": 1249, "text": "Is there any focal pulmonary consolidation present? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Mild increased lung markings XXXX due to chronic changes. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Calcified left perihilar granuloma redemonstrated."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion observed in the X-ray? - No \n", "answer": "8. Are there moderate degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? - Yes", "image": "CXR1471_IM-0304/0.png", "question_id": 1250, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion observed in the X-ray? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Mild increased lung markings XXXX due to chronic changes. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Calcified left perihilar granuloma redemonstrated."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR387_IM-1962/0.png", "question_id": 1251, "text": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is left hilar enlargement with partial opacification of the left upper lobe suggestive of hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis. Questionable small right midlung nodule. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis be suggested by the X-ray findings in the left upper lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR387_IM-1962/0.png", "question_id": 1252, "text": "Can a hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis be suggested by the X-ray findings in the left upper lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is left hilar enlargement with partial opacification of the left upper lobe suggestive of hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis. Questionable small right midlung nodule. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the X-ray image show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR387_IM-1962/0.png", "question_id": 1253, "text": "Does the X-ray image show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is left hilar enlargement with partial opacification of the left upper lobe suggestive of hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis. Questionable small right midlung nodule. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities of the bony thorax visible on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR387_IM-1962/0.png", "question_id": 1254, "text": "Are there any abnormalities of the bony thorax visible on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is left hilar enlargement with partial opacification of the left upper lobe suggestive of hilar mass with obstructive atelectasis. Questionable small right midlung nodule. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "question_id": 1255, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "question_id": 1256, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity indicated to be abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "question_id": 1257, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity indicated to be abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Has the patient's chest X-ray shown any signs of congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "question_id": 1258, "text": "Has the patient's chest X-ray shown any signs of congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any fractures evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, not mentioned in the given report.", "image": "CXR3712_IM-1854/0.png", "question_id": 1259, "text": "Are there any fractures evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "question_id": 1260, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "question_id": 1261, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be observed on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "question_id": 1262, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule."} {"question": "Is there a nodule present in the patient's right lung apex according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "question_id": 1263, "text": "Is there a nodule present in the patient's right lung apex according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule."} {"question": "Has the 5 mm nodule in the right apex increased in size from previous imaging? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR184_IM-0544/0.png", "question_id": 1264, "text": "Has the 5 mm nodule in the right apex increased in size from previous imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views were obtained. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact. A 5 mm stable right apical nodule."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1046_IM-0036/0.png", "question_id": 1265, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Was there evidence of focal pulmonary consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1046_IM-0036/0.png", "question_id": 1266, "text": "Was there evidence of focal pulmonary consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1046_IM-0036/0.png", "question_id": 1267, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the report suggest the need for further investigation for chest pathology? \n", "answer": "No, as long as the report aligns with clinical findings and no further signs or symptoms warrant additional investigation.", "image": "CXR1046_IM-0036/0.png", "question_id": 1268, "text": "Does the report suggest the need for further investigation for chest pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "question_id": 1269, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion as identified on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "question_id": 1270, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion as identified on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine."} {"question": "Are there abnormal changes to the hilar or mediastinal contours on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "question_id": 1271, "text": "Are there abnormal changes to the hilar or mediastinal contours on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine."} {"question": "Can we see any stable postsurgical changes related to the lower cervical spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "question_id": 1272, "text": "Can we see any stable postsurgical changes related to the lower cervical spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of new pathology on the chest X-ray compared to previous images? \n", "answer": "No (assuming that \"unchanged\" refers to comparison with previous imaging)", "image": "CXR757_IM-2308/0.png", "question_id": 1273, "text": "Is there evidence of new pathology on the chest X-ray compared to previous images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Stable postsurgical changes of the lower cervical spine."} {"question": "Does the patient's heart size appear to be enlarged on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "question_id": 1274, "text": "Does the patient's heart size appear to be enlarged on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia or consolidation in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "question_id": 1275, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia or consolidation in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "question_id": 1276, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any signs of acute respiratory distress? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "question_id": 1277, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any signs of acute respiratory distress? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any foreign bodies visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not indicate the presence of foreign bodies.", "image": "CXR2559_IM-1063/0.png", "question_id": 1278, "text": "Are there any foreign bodies visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the patient's evaluation for pneumothorax definitive? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "question_id": 1279, "text": "Is the patient's evaluation for pneumothorax definitive? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be ruled out with certainty on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "question_id": 1280, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be ruled out with certainty on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any focal air space opacities according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "question_id": 1281, "text": "Does the patient have any focal air space opacities according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Is there any free air under the diaphragm (free subdiaphragmatic air) visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "question_id": 1282, "text": "Is there any free air under the diaphragm (free subdiaphragmatic air) visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Are the included osseous (bone) structures appearing intact on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1570_IM-0372/0.png", "question_id": 1283, "text": "Are the included osseous (bone) structures appearing intact on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Evaluation for pneumothorax is limited due to exclusion of the superior-most pulmonary apices. No visible pleural XXXX. No focal air space opacities or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Included osseous structures are grossly intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3155_IM-1486/0.png", "question_id": 1284, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged with enlarged right atrium. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3155_IM-1486/0.png", "question_id": 1285, "text": "Is there evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged with enlarged right atrium. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3155_IM-1486/0.png", "question_id": 1286, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged with enlarged right atrium. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1622_IM-0404/0.png", "question_id": 1287, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.."} {"question": "Are the lungs appropriately inflated on this X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1622_IM-0404/0.png", "question_id": 1288, "text": "Are the lungs appropriately inflated on this X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of fluid in the pleural space, as seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1622_IM-0404/0.png", "question_id": 1289, "text": "Is there any evidence of fluid in the pleural space, as seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.."} {"question": "Are there any acute bone fractures visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1622_IM-0404/0.png", "question_id": 1290, "text": "Are there any acute bone fractures visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.."} {"question": "Is the trachea in its normal position in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2545_IM-1054/0.png", "question_id": 1291, "text": "Is the trachea in its normal position in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lung XXXX are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate, or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact. Visualized soft tissues appear normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of lung effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2545_IM-1054/0.png", "question_id": 1292, "text": "Are there signs of lung effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lung XXXX are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate, or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact. Visualized soft tissues appear normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2545_IM-1054/0.png", "question_id": 1293, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lung XXXX are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate, or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact. Visualized soft tissues appear normal."} {"question": "Do the visualized soft tissues appear abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2545_IM-1054/0.png", "question_id": 1294, "text": "Do the visualized soft tissues appear abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lung XXXX are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate, or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact. Visualized soft tissues appear normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2168_IM-0784/0.png", "question_id": 1295, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2168_IM-0784/0.png", "question_id": 1296, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray completely normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2168_IM-0784/0.png", "question_id": 1297, "text": "Is the chest X-ray completely normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any visible mass or nodule on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any; therefore, the answer is likely no, but more information or a detailed look at the actual X-ray image might be necessary to confirm.", "image": "CXR2168_IM-0784/0.png", "question_id": 1298, "text": "Is there any visible mass or nodule on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "question_id": 1299, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "question_id": 1300, "text": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body."} {"question": "Does the patient have a spinal stimulator in place according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "question_id": 1301, "text": "Does the patient have a spinal stimulator in place according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body."} {"question": "Are there any visible signs of bone disease in the spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming \"degenerative changes\" are interpreted as a sign of bone disease)", "image": "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "question_id": 1302, "text": "Are there any visible signs of bone disease in the spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal structures abnormally displaced or widened on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2190_IM-0800/0.png", "question_id": 1303, "text": "Are the mediastinal structures abnormally displaced or widened on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. spinal stimulator is in XXXX with tip overlying the T9 vertebral body."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of infection, such as focal areas of consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3391_IM-1637/0.png", "question_id": 1304, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of infection, such as focal areas of consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Stable left mid lung granuloma."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal as seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3391_IM-1637/0.png", "question_id": 1305, "text": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal as seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Stable left mid lung granuloma."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3391_IM-1637/0.png", "question_id": 1306, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Stable left mid lung granuloma."} {"question": "Has the existing left mid lung granuloma changed or worsened since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the last X-ray is the basis for \"stable\")", "image": "CXR3391_IM-1637/0.png", "question_id": 1307, "text": "Has the existing left mid lung granuloma changed or worsened since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Stable left mid lung granuloma."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "question_id": 1308, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Are there signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "question_id": 1309, "text": "Are there signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "question_id": 1310, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Were there any vertebral body deformities observed in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "question_id": 1311, "text": "Were there any vertebral body deformities observed in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Do the vertebral deformities affect the lumbar spine? \n", "answer": "No (They are noted in the midthoracic vertebrae.)", "image": "CXR1404_IM-0258/0.png", "question_id": 1312, "text": "Do the vertebral deformities affect the lumbar spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. There are stable anterior wedge XXXX deformities of 2 midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is the heart silhouette abnormal in size on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1197_IM-0131/0.png", "question_id": 1313, "text": "Is the heart silhouette abnormal in size on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially, unchanged."} {"question": "Are there any acute findings within the lungs on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1197_IM-0131/0.png", "question_id": 1314, "text": "Are there any acute findings within the lungs on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially, unchanged."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1197_IM-0131/0.png", "question_id": 1315, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially, unchanged."} {"question": "Have the bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially changed from previous examinations? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1197_IM-0131/0.png", "question_id": 1316, "text": "Have the bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially changed from previous examinations? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral prominent lung vascularity medially, unchanged."} {"question": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal? \n", "answer": "- Yes", "image": "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "question_id": 1317, "text": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are the lungs under-inflated? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "question_id": 1318, "text": "Are the lungs under-inflated? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "question_id": 1319, "text": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities with the osseous structures according to the patient's age? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "question_id": 1320, "text": "Are there any abnormalities with the osseous structures according to the patient's age? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Are there signs of lung infection on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No", "image": "CXR356_IM-1744/0.png", "question_id": 1321, "text": "Are there signs of lung infection on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate that the lungs and pleural spaces are free of acute abnormalities? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1322, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate that the lungs and pleural spaces are free of acute abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Can pulmonary vascularity be described as increased on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1323, "text": "Can pulmonary vascularity be described as increased on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Does the patient have advanced degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joints according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1324, "text": "Does the patient have advanced degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joints according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show extensive subchondral cystic changes in the shoulder joints? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1325, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show extensive subchondral cystic changes in the shoulder joints? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1326, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Is there an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR800_IM-2334/0.png", "question_id": 1327, "text": "Is there an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are advanced degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints bilaterally with bone-on-bone articulation, remodeling of the glenoid, and extensive subchondral cystic change. No displaced rib fractures are visualized. Diffuse osteopenia of the thoracic spine with a mid thoracic and several lower thoracic XXXX deformities, age-indeterminate. There is an air-fluid level in the middle mediastinum, most XXXX secondary to a large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a heart that is enlarged? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "question_id": 1328, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a heart that is enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Can we see an area of airspace disease in the right midlung on the PA view of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "question_id": 1329, "text": "Can we see an area of airspace disease in the right midlung on the PA view of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "question_id": 1330, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the vague area of airspace disease located in the left lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "question_id": 1331, "text": "Is the vague area of airspace disease located in the left lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the X-ray image show that the patient has a chest cavity free of fluid collections? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR292_IM-1322/0.png", "question_id": 1332, "text": "Does the X-ray image show that the patient has a chest cavity free of fluid collections? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a vague area of airspace disease identified within the right midlung on the PA view. This is not well-demonstrated on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have enlargement of the heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3348_IM-1605/0.png", "question_id": 1333, "text": "Does the patient have enlargement of the heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Stable left lung base calcifications. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3348_IM-1605/0.png", "question_id": 1334, "text": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Stable left lung base calcifications. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Can calcifications be seen in the left lung base on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3348_IM-1605/0.png", "question_id": 1335, "text": "Can calcifications be seen in the left lung base on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Stable left lung base calcifications. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any visible damage to the XXXX on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"XXXX\" refers to a part of the anatomy or structure that should be intact, based on the context of the report).", "image": "CXR3348_IM-1605/0.png", "question_id": 1336, "text": "Is there any visible damage to the XXXX on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Stable left lung base calcifications. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any significant abnormality noted within the heart on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "question_id": 1337, "text": "Is there any significant abnormality noted within the heart on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung infiltrate seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "question_id": 1338, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung infiltrate seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib."} {"question": "Is there a sign of an acute fracture in any of the ribs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "question_id": 1339, "text": "Is there a sign of an acute fracture in any of the ribs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib."} {"question": "Is there a healed fracture visible on the right 8th rib in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "question_id": 1340, "text": "Is there a healed fracture visible on the right 8th rib in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of chronic lung disease? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR608_IM-2196/0.png", "question_id": 1341, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of chronic lung disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is an old healed fracture through the right 8th rib."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR862_IM-2383/0.png", "question_id": 1342, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe is unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Are there any infiltrates present in the lungs according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR862_IM-2383/0.png", "question_id": 1343, "text": "Are there any infiltrates present in the lungs according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe is unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR862_IM-2383/0.png", "question_id": 1344, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The parenchymal scar in the left lower lobe is unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR30_IM-1385/0.png", "question_id": 1345, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Bony thorax and soft tissue grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR30_IM-1385/0.png", "question_id": 1346, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Bony thorax and soft tissue grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumoperitoneum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR30_IM-1385/0.png", "question_id": 1347, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumoperitoneum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Bony thorax and soft tissue grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormal soft tissue masses? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR30_IM-1385/0.png", "question_id": 1348, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any abnormal soft tissue masses? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Bony thorax and soft tissue grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Are the lungs free of any visible abnormalities on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1349, "text": "Are the lungs free of any visible abnormalities on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1350, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is there a significant enlargement of the heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1351, "text": "Is there a significant enlargement of the heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Are there any arthritic changes in the skeletal structures evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1352, "text": "Are there any arthritic changes in the skeletal structures evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is there an indication of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3705_IM-1851-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1353, "text": "Is there an indication of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2799_IM-1231/0.png", "question_id": 1354, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2799_IM-1231/0.png", "question_id": 1355, "text": "Are there any signs of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2799_IM-1231/0.png", "question_id": 1356, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the pulmonary vasculature on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2799_IM-1231/0.png", "question_id": 1357, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the pulmonary vasculature on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of hyperinflation on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "question_id": 1358, "text": "Is there any evidence of hyperinflation on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "question_id": 1359, "text": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "question_id": 1360, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No (based on no cardiomediastinal enlargement and absence of pleural effusion)", "image": "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "question_id": 1361, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear of any focal opacity that might suggest pneumonia? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3682_IM-1834/0.png", "question_id": 1362, "text": "Are the lung fields clear of any focal opacity that might suggest pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3388_IM-1633/0.png", "question_id": 1363, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Stable calcification in the left upper lobe, XXXX representing a granuloma. No focal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a granuloma in the left upper lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3388_IM-1633/0.png", "question_id": 1364, "text": "Is there evidence of a granuloma in the left upper lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Stable calcification in the left upper lobe, XXXX representing a granuloma. No focal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3388_IM-1633/0.png", "question_id": 1365, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Stable calcification in the left upper lobe, XXXX representing a granuloma. No focal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Are the visualized osseous structures abnormal in appearance? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3388_IM-1633/0.png", "question_id": 1366, "text": "Are the visualized osseous structures abnormal in appearance? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Stable calcification in the left upper lobe, XXXX representing a granuloma. No focal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormalities in the heart or lungs since the last examination? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3523_IM-1721/0.png", "question_id": 1367, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormalities in the heart or lungs since the last examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change right anterior soft tissue surgical clips. Configuration of breast shadows on the PA view suggests prior right lumpectomy."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3523_IM-1721/0.png", "question_id": 1368, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change right anterior soft tissue surgical clips. Configuration of breast shadows on the PA view suggests prior right lumpectomy."} {"question": "Does the mediastinum appear normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3523_IM-1721/0.png", "question_id": 1369, "text": "Does the mediastinum appear normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change right anterior soft tissue surgical clips. Configuration of breast shadows on the PA view suggests prior right lumpectomy."} {"question": "Does the X-ray indicate that the patient may have had a right lumpectomy in the past? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3523_IM-1721/0.png", "question_id": 1370, "text": "Does the X-ray indicate that the patient may have had a right lumpectomy in the past? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change right anterior soft tissue surgical clips. Configuration of breast shadows on the PA view suggests prior right lumpectomy."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of an enlarged heart on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "question_id": 1371, "text": "Is there any evidence of an enlarged heart on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum."} {"question": "Are the lungs appearing larger than usual suggesting hyperinflation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "question_id": 1372, "text": "Are the lungs appearing larger than usual suggesting hyperinflation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumonia, such as an infiltrate, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "question_id": 1373, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumonia, such as an infiltrate, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum."} {"question": "Are there any signs of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "question_id": 1374, "text": "Are there any signs of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum."} {"question": "Does the patient show any acute fractures or bony abnormalities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3657_IM-1818/0.png", "question_id": 1375, "text": "Does the patient show any acute fractures or bony abnormalities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. There is vascular congestion in bilateral hilar areas. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. No acute bony abnormalities. No effusion or infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3271_IM-1552/0.png", "question_id": 1376, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3271_IM-1552/0.png", "question_id": 1377, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette remarkable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3271_IM-1552/0.png", "question_id": 1378, "text": "Is the cardio mediastinal silhouette remarkable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any thoracic fractures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3271_IM-1552/0.png", "question_id": 1379, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any thoracic fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1380, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any indications of focal airspace disease in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1381, "text": "Are there any indications of focal airspace disease in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1382, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any abnormalities in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1383, "text": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any abnormalities in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Based on the X-ray, does the patient require immediate intervention for any chest pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1253_IM-0171-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1384, "text": "Based on the X-ray, does the patient require immediate intervention for any chest pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3359_IM-1612/0.png", "question_id": 1385, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3359_IM-1612/0.png", "question_id": 1386, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3359_IM-1612/0.png", "question_id": 1387, "text": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Did the radiologist find any acute cardiopulmonary process in this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3359_IM-1612/0.png", "question_id": 1388, "text": "Did the radiologist find any acute cardiopulmonary process in this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normally sized heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2197_IM-0807/0.png", "question_id": 1389, "text": "Does the patient have a normally sized heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are XXXX opacities which appear to XXXX XXXX above the right XXXX fissure. There is mild thickening in the fissure. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is there evidence of mild thickening in the fissure as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2197_IM-0807/0.png", "question_id": 1390, "text": "Is there evidence of mild thickening in the fissure as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are XXXX opacities which appear to XXXX XXXX above the right XXXX fissure. There is mild thickening in the fissure. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any large pleural effusions? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2197_IM-0807/0.png", "question_id": 1391, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any large pleural effusions? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are XXXX opacities which appear to XXXX XXXX above the right XXXX fissure. There is mild thickening in the fissure. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a lung collapse on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (Pneumothorax is commonly associated with a collapsed lung, and since there's no pneumothorax, this indicates that there's no lung collapse).", "image": "CXR2197_IM-0807/0.png", "question_id": 1392, "text": "Is there any indication of a lung collapse on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are XXXX opacities which appear to XXXX XXXX above the right XXXX fissure. There is mild thickening in the fissure. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Do the lungs show signs of focal airspace disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1953_IM-0621/0.png", "question_id": 1393, "text": "Do the lungs show signs of focal airspace disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be observed on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1953_IM-0621/0.png", "question_id": 1394, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be observed on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any remarkable findings on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1953_IM-0621/0.png", "question_id": 1395, "text": "Are there any remarkable findings on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient show evidence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3651_IM-1813/0.png", "question_id": 1396, "text": "Does the patient show evidence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Blunting of the costophrenic XXXX XXXX represents scarring. No pleural effusion is identified on the lateral view. There is no focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits are in the pulmonary vasculature is normal."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3651_IM-1813/0.png", "question_id": 1397, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Blunting of the costophrenic XXXX XXXX represents scarring. No pleural effusion is identified on the lateral view. There is no focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits are in the pulmonary vasculature is normal."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature abnormalities evident in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3651_IM-1813/0.png", "question_id": 1398, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature abnormalities evident in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Blunting of the costophrenic XXXX XXXX represents scarring. No pleural effusion is identified on the lateral view. There is no focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits are in the pulmonary vasculature is normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR700_IM-2265/0.png", "question_id": 1399, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Osteopenia with mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is noted."} {"question": "Are there any infiltrates visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR700_IM-2265/0.png", "question_id": 1400, "text": "Are there any infiltrates visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Osteopenia with mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is noted."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR700_IM-2265/0.png", "question_id": 1401, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Osteopenia with mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is noted."} {"question": "Are there mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR700_IM-2265/0.png", "question_id": 1402, "text": "Are there mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Osteopenia with mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is noted."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1403, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient display any signs of congestive heart failure on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1404, "text": "Does the patient display any signs of congestive heart failure on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1405, "text": "Is the size of the heart abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the mediastinum appear to be displaced or widened? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1406, "text": "Does the mediastinum appear to be displaced or widened? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lung apices? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3171_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1407, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lung apices? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest the presence of free air under the diaphragm? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1408, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest the presence of free air under the diaphragm? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view."} {"question": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray image normal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1409, "text": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray image normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view."} {"question": "Is the heart size considered normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1410, "text": "Is the heart size considered normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view."} {"question": "Is there any suggestion of bibasilar atelectasis or airspace disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1411, "text": "Is there any suggestion of bibasilar atelectasis or airspace disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view."} {"question": "Did the patient have a feeding tube in place during the time of the chest X-ray imaging? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR423_IM-2066-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1412, "text": "Did the patient have a feeding tube in place during the time of the chest X-ray imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a left subphrenic crescentic lucency, this is concerning for pneumoperitoneum. There are low lung volumes and bilateral moderate to large pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis/airspace disease that are larger in size in comparison to the prior exam. No pneumothorax. Heart size upper limits of normal. The left central venous catheter tip overlies the lower SVC. The feeding tube has been placed in the interval and extends below the diaphragm and below the XXXX-of-view."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "question_id": 1413, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified."} {"question": "Is there a visible pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "question_id": 1414, "text": "Is there a visible pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal shapes or sizes noted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "question_id": 1415, "text": "Are there any abnormal shapes or sizes noted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung infection or consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "question_id": 1416, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung infection or consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2081_IM-0713/0.png", "question_id": 1417, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. No acute osseous lesions are identified."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal range on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "question_id": 1418, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal range on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity outside the normal limits? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "question_id": 1419, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity outside the normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there multiple scattered calcified granulomas visible in the lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "question_id": 1420, "text": "Are there multiple scattered calcified granulomas visible in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be detected on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "question_id": 1421, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be detected on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Do the lungs appear asymmetrically aerated? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1943_IM-0612/0.png", "question_id": 1422, "text": "Do the lungs appear asymmetrically aerated? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Mediastinum unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Lungs symmetrically aerated without focal infiltrate or consolidation. Multiple scattered calcified granulomas are present bilaterally. No focal volume loss evident. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Is a dual-lumen dialysis catheter present in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR379_IM-1903/0.png", "question_id": 1423, "text": "Is a dual-lumen dialysis catheter present in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval placement of a dual-lumen dialysis catheter with the distal tip projected over the right atrium. Moderate cardiomegaly is identified. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. XXXX airspace opacities are identified with bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR379_IM-1903/0.png", "question_id": 1424, "text": "Does the patient show signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval placement of a dual-lumen dialysis catheter with the distal tip projected over the right atrium. Moderate cardiomegaly is identified. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. XXXX airspace opacities are identified with bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question": "Can mild calcification be seen in the aorta on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "(Cannot answer 'Yes' or 'No' as the specific area of calcification is redacted with XXXX)", "image": "CXR379_IM-1903/0.png", "question_id": 1425, "text": "Can mild calcification be seen in the aorta on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval placement of a dual-lumen dialysis catheter with the distal tip projected over the right atrium. Moderate cardiomegaly is identified. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. XXXX airspace opacities are identified with bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions indicated in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR379_IM-1903/0.png", "question_id": 1426, "text": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions indicated in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There has been interval placement of a dual-lumen dialysis catheter with the distal tip projected over the right atrium. Moderate cardiomegaly is identified. There is mild calcification of the transverse XXXX. XXXX airspace opacities are identified with bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size normal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1586_IM-0380/0.png", "question_id": 1427, "text": "Is the patient's heart size normal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal opacities. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. There is XXXX deformities involving multiple vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine which appear stable compared to the previous exam."} {"question": "Are there any signs of infection or consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1586_IM-0380/0.png", "question_id": 1428, "text": "Are there any signs of infection or consolidation in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal opacities. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. There is XXXX deformities involving multiple vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine which appear stable compared to the previous exam."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1586_IM-0380/0.png", "question_id": 1429, "text": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal opacities. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. There is XXXX deformities involving multiple vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine which appear stable compared to the previous exam."} {"question": "Does the patient have any deformities in the thoracic spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1586_IM-0380/0.png", "question_id": 1430, "text": "Does the patient have any deformities in the thoracic spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal opacities. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. There is XXXX deformities involving multiple vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine which appear stable compared to the previous exam."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal evidence of an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1965_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1431, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal evidence of an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. There are bilateral interstitial opacities, increased since the previous exam. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Have the bilateral interstitial opacities worsened compared to a previous exam? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1965_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1432, "text": "Have the bilateral interstitial opacities worsened compared to a previous exam? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. There are bilateral interstitial opacities, increased since the previous exam. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Are pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1965_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1433, "text": "Are pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. There are bilateral interstitial opacities, increased since the previous exam. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1965_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1434, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. There are bilateral interstitial opacities, increased since the previous exam. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pulmonary pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR759_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 1435, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pulmonary pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is ectasia of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Is there an enlargement of the thoracic aorta on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR759_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 1436, "text": "Is there an enlargement of the thoracic aorta on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is ectasia of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR759_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 1437, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is ectasia of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Are the lungs on the X-ray free of focal infiltrates? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR663_IM-2239/0.png", "question_id": 1438, "text": "Are the lungs on the X-ray free of focal infiltrates? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any pneumothoraces evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR663_IM-2239/0.png", "question_id": 1439, "text": "Are there any pneumothoraces evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image reveal acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR663_IM-2239/0.png", "question_id": 1440, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image reveal acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung congestion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR663_IM-2239/0.png", "question_id": 1441, "text": "Is there evidence of lung congestion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No (since the heart is at the upper limits of normal size, it is not completely within normal limits)", "image": "CXR657_IM-2233-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1442, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal pulmonary vascularity."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR657_IM-2233-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1443, "text": "Is there any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal pulmonary vascularity."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR657_IM-2233-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1444, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal pulmonary vascularity."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR23_IM-0879/0.png", "question_id": 1445, "text": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR23_IM-0879/0.png", "question_id": 1446, "text": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR23_IM-0879/0.png", "question_id": 1447, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality detected in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR23_IM-0879/0.png", "question_id": 1448, "text": "Is there any abnormality detected in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "question_id": 1449, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "question_id": 1450, "text": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate clear lung fields? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "question_id": 1451, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate clear lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities spotted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming normal heart implies no visible abnormality, but not explicitly stated in the provided report)", "image": "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "question_id": 1452, "text": "Are there any abnormalities spotted in the mediastinum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any fluid in the lung space? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1560_IM-0366/0.png", "question_id": 1453, "text": "Does the X-ray show any fluid in the lung space? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Has there been an improvement in the bilateral pulmonary edema visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR353_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 1454, "text": "Has there been an improvement in the bilateral pulmonary edema visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. There is improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema with mild residual. There is minimal right-sided pleural effusion. Heart silhouette is not enlarged. There is calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There is no pneumothorax"} {"question": "Does the patient have a significant right-sided pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the report mentions \"minimal right-sided pleural effusion,\" it is not significant)", "image": "CXR353_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 1455, "text": "Does the patient have a significant right-sided pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. There is improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema with mild residual. There is minimal right-sided pleural effusion. Heart silhouette is not enlarged. There is calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There is no pneumothorax"} {"question": "Is there a calcified mediastinal lymph node present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR353_IM-1726/0.png", "question_id": 1456, "text": "Is there a calcified mediastinal lymph node present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. There is improvement in bilateral pulmonary edema with mild residual. There is minimal right-sided pleural effusion. Heart silhouette is not enlarged. There is calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There is no pneumothorax"} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3860_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1457, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusions according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3860_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1458, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusions according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is the mediastinal silhouette abnormal on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3860_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1459, "text": "Is the mediastinal silhouette abnormal on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormality in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3860_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1460, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormality in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any evidence of pneumonia on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 1461, "text": "Does the patient show any evidence of pneumonia on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 1462, "text": "Are there signs of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any visible lung tumors on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 1463, "text": "Are there any visible lung tumors on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected within the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 1464, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected within the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can we confirm any rib fractures with the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not indicate any such finding.", "image": "CXR3958_IM-2022/0.png", "question_id": 1465, "text": "Can we confirm any rib fractures with the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3889_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 1466, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can we observe any signs of fluid in the pleural space, known as pleural effusion, in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3889_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 1467, "text": "Can we observe any signs of fluid in the pleural space, known as pleural effusion, in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any visible fractures or abnormalities in the bones on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3889_IM-1973/0.png", "question_id": 1468, "text": "Are there any visible fractures or abnormalities in the bones on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of lung opacification on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1539_IM-0349/0.png", "question_id": 1469, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of lung opacification on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1539_IM-0349/0.png", "question_id": 1470, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Are there any visible pathologies in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1539_IM-0349/0.png", "question_id": 1471, "text": "Are there any visible pathologies in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR307_IM-1432/0.png", "question_id": 1472, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR307_IM-1432/0.png", "question_id": 1473, "text": "Can pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Does the patient have focal areas of consolidation according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR307_IM-1432/0.png", "question_id": 1474, "text": "Does the patient have focal areas of consolidation according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Does the patient have a history of sternotomy? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "question_id": 1475, "text": "Does the patient have a history of sternotomy? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "question_id": 1476, "text": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is there a significant difference in the lung appearance compared to the prior exam? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "question_id": 1477, "text": "Is there a significant difference in the lung appearance compared to the prior exam? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is there any gross airspace consolidation noted on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "question_id": 1478, "text": "Is there any gross airspace consolidation noted on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is the X-ray indicative of a current lung infection? \n", "answer": "No. (The report does not describe features typically associated with an infection such as consolidation or infiltrates.)", "image": "CXR2285_IM-0870/0.png", "question_id": 1479, "text": "Is the X-ray indicative of a current lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal postsurgical changes. Stable cardiomegaly. Crowded bronchovascular and interstitial markings XXXX related to low lung volumes and technique. Grossly stable appearance of the lungs compared to prior exam without overt edema or gross airspace consolidation."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size and contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3489_IM-1696/0.png", "question_id": 1480, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size and contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3489_IM-1696/0.png", "question_id": 1481, "text": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3489_IM-1696/0.png", "question_id": 1482, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is there a new opacity located in the right midlung zone of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1483, "text": "Is there a new opacity located in the right midlung zone of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Can bilateral pleural effusions be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1484, "text": "Can bilateral pleural effusions be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is a prosthetic valve visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1485, "text": "Is a prosthetic valve visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is there evidence of past surgical intervention for valve replacement on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1486, "text": "Is there evidence of past surgical intervention for valve replacement on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a clear, effusion-free pleural space? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2502_IM-1027-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1487, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a clear, effusion-free pleural space? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a focal area of opacity in the right midlung zone. This was not present on the recent prior study. There is prominence of the pulmonary markings throughout and there are small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There is a prosthetic valve. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "question_id": 1488, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "question_id": 1489, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart's contour abnormal according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "question_id": 1490, "text": "Is the heart's contour abnormal according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "question_id": 1491, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have heart failure? \n", "answer": "No, the heart is normal in size and contour.", "image": "CXR2000_IM-0654/0.png", "question_id": 1492, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "question_id": 1493, "text": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can interstitial changes be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "question_id": 1494, "text": "Can interstitial changes be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the pattern suggestive of pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming \"XXXX\" meant to imply characteristics seen in pulmonary edema).", "image": "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "question_id": 1495, "text": "Is the pattern suggestive of pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any large pleural effusions? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "question_id": 1496, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any large pleural effusions? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the patient might be experiencing heart failure? \n", "answer": "Yes (the heart enlargement and features suggesting pulmonary edema can be indicative of heart failure, however, this is a clinical diagnosis that should be made correlating radiologic findings with the patient's symptoms and clinical history).", "image": "CXR2082_IM-0714/0.png", "question_id": 1497, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the patient might be experiencing heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with diffusely increased interstitial and mild patchy airspace opacities. The distribution XXXX pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there a device present within the right chest on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1346_IM-0224/0.png", "question_id": 1498, "text": "Is there a device present within the right chest on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a right chest XXXX with catheter tip at the cavoatrial junction. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient's heart appear enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes, it is at the upper limits of normal.", "image": "CXR1346_IM-0224/0.png", "question_id": 1499, "text": "Does the patient's heart appear enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a right chest XXXX with catheter tip at the cavoatrial junction. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1346_IM-0224/0.png", "question_id": 1500, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a right chest XXXX with catheter tip at the cavoatrial junction. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of diffuse degenerative changes of the spine on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1346_IM-0224/0.png", "question_id": 1501, "text": "Are there signs of diffuse degenerative changes of the spine on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a right chest XXXX with catheter tip at the cavoatrial junction. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in size? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1431_IM-0278/0.png", "question_id": 1502, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1431_IM-0278/0.png", "question_id": 1503, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1431_IM-0278/0.png", "question_id": 1504, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any acute pathological findings? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1431_IM-0278/0.png", "question_id": 1505, "text": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any acute pathological findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 1506, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have a definite pleural effusion as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 1507, "text": "Does the patient have a definite pleural effusion as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 1508, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of broken bones or fractures in the visualized osseous structures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 1509, "text": "Are there any signs of broken bones or fractures in the visualized osseous structures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray report, are the lung fields clear of acute disease processes? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3193_IM-1505/0.png", "question_id": 1510, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray report, are the lung fields clear of acute disease processes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mild hyperinflation. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any acute fractures or bone damage according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2743_IM-1197/0.png", "question_id": 1511, "text": "Does the patient have any acute fractures or bone damage according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Normal heart size. Calcific aorta. Normal vascular markings. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2743_IM-1197/0.png", "question_id": 1512, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Normal heart size. Calcific aorta. Normal vascular markings. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear of any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2743_IM-1197/0.png", "question_id": 1513, "text": "Are the lung fields clear of any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Normal heart size. Calcific aorta. Normal vascular markings. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2743_IM-1197/0.png", "question_id": 1514, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Normal heart size. Calcific aorta. Normal vascular markings. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "question_id": 1515, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "question_id": 1516, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there any noticeable abnormality in the bony structures of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "question_id": 1517, "text": "Is there any noticeable abnormality in the bony structures of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there any sign of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "question_id": 1518, "text": "Is there any sign of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the patient's chest X-ray completely unremarkable? \n", "answer": "No (due to the flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms)", "image": "CXR2179_IM-0791/0.png", "question_id": 1519, "text": "Is the patient's chest X-ray completely unremarkable? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. Lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures unremarkable. No pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2086_IM-0717/0.png", "question_id": 1520, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2086_IM-0717/0.png", "question_id": 1521, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the X-ray reveal any acute bone abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2086_IM-0717/0.png", "question_id": 1522, "text": "Does the X-ray reveal any acute bone abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2552_IM-1058/0.png", "question_id": 1523, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2552_IM-1058/0.png", "question_id": 1524, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2552_IM-1058/0.png", "question_id": 1525, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2552_IM-1058/0.png", "question_id": 1526, "text": "Is the lung field clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable"} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2865_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1527, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. XXXX closure device demonstrated projecting over the right heart. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the report mention any focal airspace disease in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2865_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1528, "text": "Does the report mention any focal airspace disease in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. XXXX closure device demonstrated projecting over the right heart. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2865_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1529, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. XXXX closure device demonstrated projecting over the right heart. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature reported as abnormal in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2865_IM-1273/0.png", "question_id": 1530, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature reported as abnormal in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. XXXX closure device demonstrated projecting over the right heart. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a spinal stimulator? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR661_IM-2238/0.png", "question_id": 1531, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a spinal stimulator? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Spinal stimulator in XXXX. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusions according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR661_IM-2238/0.png", "question_id": 1532, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusions according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Spinal stimulator in XXXX. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the heart of abnormal size as suggested by the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR661_IM-2238/0.png", "question_id": 1533, "text": "Is the heart of abnormal size as suggested by the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Spinal stimulator in XXXX. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can degenerative changes be seen in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR661_IM-2238/0.png", "question_id": 1534, "text": "Can degenerative changes be seen in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Spinal stimulator in XXXX. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a clear lung field? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1535, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a clear lung field? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an unfolded aorta? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1536, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of an unfolded aorta? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH."} {"question": "Are there signs of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1537, "text": "Are there signs of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1538, "text": "Is there any indication of a pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH."} {"question": "Is there pulmonary edema visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3250_IM-1540-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1539, "text": "Is there pulmonary edema visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are relatively clear. Heart size normal. Unfolded aorta. Moderate hiatal hernia. T-spine osteophytes and DISH."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2706_IM-1172/0.png", "question_id": 1540, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes are seen throughout the spine and both XXXX."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the heart size or mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2706_IM-1172/0.png", "question_id": 1541, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the heart size or mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes are seen throughout the spine and both XXXX."} {"question": "Are there arthritic changes present in both of the patient's shoulder joints as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming \"XXXX\" in the report refers to shoulder joints. The \"XXXX\" should be replaced with the specific area the report is referring to).", "image": "CXR2706_IM-1172/0.png", "question_id": 1542, "text": "Are there arthritic changes present in both of the patient's shoulder joints as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes are seen throughout the spine and both XXXX."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any abnormalities in the diaphragm? \n", "answer": "No information provided (the report does not mention the diaphragm, so we cannot infer an answer).", "image": "CXR2706_IM-1172/0.png", "question_id": 1543, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any abnormalities in the diaphragm? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes are seen throughout the spine and both XXXX."} {"question": "Is the trachea in its normal position in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "question_id": 1544, "text": "Is the trachea in its normal position in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can a focal infiltrate or effusion be identified in the luminary fields on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "question_id": 1545, "text": "Can a focal infiltrate or effusion be identified in the luminary fields on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of atelectasis on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "question_id": 1546, "text": "Are there signs of atelectasis on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "question_id": 1547, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the lateral view of the chest X-ray reveal degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1591_IM-0384/0.png", "question_id": 1548, "text": "Does the lateral view of the chest X-ray reveal degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is of normal size and contour. No evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. Low lung volumes XXXX XXXX atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "question_id": 1549, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation noted in the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "question_id": 1550, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation noted in the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can the streaky opacities in the left upper lobe be indicative of a scar or atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "question_id": 1551, "text": "Can the streaky opacities in the left upper lobe be indicative of a scar or atelectasis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Do the visualized osseous structures of the thorax show any sign of acute abnormality? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "question_id": 1552, "text": "Do the visualized osseous structures of the thorax show any sign of acute abnormality? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a diagnosis of pneumonia evident from the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on \"no evidence of focal consolidation\").", "image": "CXR1085_IM-0059/0.png", "question_id": 1553, "text": "Is there a diagnosis of pneumonia evident from the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs demonstrate low lung volumes but are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild streaky opacities in the left upper lobe on frontal projection are XXXX atelectatic or scar. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have a prosthesis in the aortic valve position? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3672_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 1554, "text": "Does the patient have a prosthesis in the aortic valve position? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis. Sternotomy XXXX. Aortic calcifications. Mild interstitial edema. No focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly."} {"question": "Are there calcifications present in the aorta? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3672_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 1555, "text": "Are there calcifications present in the aorta? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis. Sternotomy XXXX. Aortic calcifications. Mild interstitial edema. No focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly."} {"question": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3672_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 1556, "text": "Can a focal infiltrate be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis. Sternotomy XXXX. Aortic calcifications. Mild interstitial edema. No focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly."} {"question": "Is pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3672_IM-1828/0.png", "question_id": 1557, "text": "Is pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis. Sternotomy XXXX. Aortic calcifications. Mild interstitial edema. No focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "question_id": 1558, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lungs well inflated on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "question_id": 1559, "text": "Are the lungs well inflated on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "question_id": 1560, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (Based on the information provided, there is no mention of a pneumothorax.)", "image": "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "question_id": 1561, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any masses present in the lung fields on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3302_IM-1579/0.png", "question_id": 1562, "text": "Are there any masses present in the lung fields on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2631_IM-1118/0.png", "question_id": 1563, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Interval placement of right humeral prosthesis, incompletely evaluated. Incompletely evaluated the lumbar spine fusion XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2631_IM-1118/0.png", "question_id": 1564, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Interval placement of right humeral prosthesis, incompletely evaluated. Incompletely evaluated the lumbar spine fusion XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray fully assessed the condition of the right humeral prosthesis? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2631_IM-1118/0.png", "question_id": 1565, "text": "Has the chest X-ray fully assessed the condition of the right humeral prosthesis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Interval placement of right humeral prosthesis, incompletely evaluated. Incompletely evaluated the lumbar spine fusion XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy."} {"question": "Has the lumbar spine fusion been completely evaluated in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2631_IM-1118/0.png", "question_id": 1566, "text": "Has the lumbar spine fusion been completely evaluated in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Interval placement of right humeral prosthesis, incompletely evaluated. Incompletely evaluated the lumbar spine fusion XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR491_IM-2111/0.png", "question_id": 1567, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. There is improved lung volumes bilaterally with persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified."} {"question": "Are there any signs of persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR491_IM-2111/0.png", "question_id": 1568, "text": "Are there any signs of persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. There is improved lung volumes bilaterally with persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR491_IM-2111/0.png", "question_id": 1569, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. There is improved lung volumes bilaterally with persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified."} {"question": "Has an acute bony abnormality been detected in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR491_IM-2111/0.png", "question_id": 1570, "text": "Has an acute bony abnormality been detected in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. There is improved lung volumes bilaterally with persistent bibasilar atelectatic opacities, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified."} {"question": "- Is the size of the patient's cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on this X-ray? Yes \n", "answer": "- Does the patient show any signs of having a pneumothorax on this chest X-ray? No", "image": "CXR764_IM-2311/0.png", "question_id": 1571, "text": "- Is the size of the patient's cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on this X-ray? Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute abnormality."} {"question": "- Is there evidence of large pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? No \n", "answer": "- Can focal consolidation be seen in the chest X-ray? No", "image": "CXR764_IM-2311/0.png", "question_id": 1572, "text": "- Is there evidence of large pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "question_id": 1573, "text": "Is the patient's heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there signs of a small nodular opacity in the left upper lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "question_id": 1574, "text": "Are there signs of a small nodular opacity in the left upper lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there other abnormalities present in the lungs apart from the small nodular opacity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "question_id": 1575, "text": "Are there other abnormalities present in the lungs apart from the small nodular opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are both lung fields clear of any infiltrates or lesions, aside from the noted small nodular opacity? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "question_id": 1576, "text": "Are both lung fields clear of any infiltrates or lesions, aside from the noted small nodular opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Should the left upper lobe opacity be monitored for changes in size or character on subsequent imaging? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR605_IM-2194/0.png", "question_id": 1577, "text": "Should the left upper lobe opacity be monitored for changes in size or character on subsequent imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodular opacity left upper lobe may represent early infiltrate. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an abnormal enlargement of the heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "question_id": 1578, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an abnormal enlargement of the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "question_id": 1579, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe."} {"question": "Can a calcified granuloma be seen in the right upper lobe on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "question_id": 1580, "text": "Can a calcified granuloma be seen in the right upper lobe on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung pathology indicated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (referring to the calcified granuloma)", "image": "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "question_id": 1581, "text": "Are there any signs of lung pathology indicated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe."} {"question": "Does the patient have any radiographic evidence of a recent acute respiratory infection on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR710_IM-2273/0.png", "question_id": 1582, "text": "Does the patient have any radiographic evidence of a recent acute respiratory infection on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour with unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. No active airspace disease/infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma right upper lobe."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour on the chest X-ray considered normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2618_IM-1107/0.png", "question_id": 1583, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour on the chest X-ray considered normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Small focal retrocardiac lung opacity."} {"question": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2618_IM-1107/0.png", "question_id": 1584, "text": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Small focal retrocardiac lung opacity."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any significant lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No (Based on the provided information, there is no indication of significant lung consolidation, only a small focal opacity.)", "image": "CXR2618_IM-1107/0.png", "question_id": 1585, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any significant lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Small focal retrocardiac lung opacity."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "question_id": 1586, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "question_id": 1587, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "question_id": 1588, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "question_id": 1589, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Based on the report, does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3039_IM-1412/0.png", "question_id": 1590, "text": "Based on the report, does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the left lung base show any abnormality on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3721_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1591, "text": "Does the left lung base show any abnormality on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky opacity is noted within the left lung base which may represent focal area of atelectasis. Right lung is grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the right lung clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3721_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1592, "text": "Is the right lung clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky opacity is noted within the left lung base which may represent focal area of atelectasis. Right lung is grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion."} {"question": "On this chest X-ray, are the mediastinal contours normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3721_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1593, "text": "On this chest X-ray, are the mediastinal contours normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky opacity is noted within the left lung base which may represent focal area of atelectasis. Right lung is grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3721_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1594, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Streaky opacity is noted within the left lung base which may represent focal area of atelectasis. Right lung is grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest tube tip appear to be positioned outside the thoracic cavity? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1595, "text": "Does the chest tube tip appear to be positioned outside the thoracic cavity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX right-sided chest tube tip now projects outside the thoracic cavity. No definite residual pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are low lung volumes. No large pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. Small amount of subdiaphragmatic free air."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette appearing stable on the current X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1596, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette appearing stable on the current X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX right-sided chest tube tip now projects outside the thoracic cavity. No definite residual pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are low lung volumes. No large pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. Small amount of subdiaphragmatic free air."} {"question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1597, "text": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX right-sided chest tube tip now projects outside the thoracic cavity. No definite residual pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are low lung volumes. No large pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. Small amount of subdiaphragmatic free air."} {"question": "Is there a presence of a small amount of free air under the diaphragm observed on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1255_IM-0172-1001/0.png", "question_id": 1598, "text": "Is there a presence of a small amount of free air under the diaphragm observed on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX right-sided chest tube tip now projects outside the thoracic cavity. No definite residual pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are low lung volumes. No large pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. Small amount of subdiaphragmatic free air."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2558_IM-1062/0.png", "question_id": 1599, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2558_IM-1062/0.png", "question_id": 1600, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal according to the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2558_IM-1062/0.png", "question_id": 1601, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal according to the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR386_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1602, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR386_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1603, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal alveolar consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR386_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1604, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Does the patient show any typical radiographic findings associated with lung infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR386_IM-1954/0.png", "question_id": 1605, "text": "Does the patient show any typical radiographic findings associated with lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour of the patient normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 1606, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour of the patient normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a focal consolidation be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 1607, "text": "Can a focal consolidation be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 1608, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the upper abdomen unremarkable on the X-ray images? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 1609, "text": "Is the upper abdomen unremarkable on the X-ray images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Did the examination include a crosstable lateral radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR380_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 1610, "text": "Did the examination include a crosstable lateral radiograph? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of supine and crosstable lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "question_id": 1611, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any fractures in the bony structures seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "question_id": 1612, "text": "Does the patient have any fractures in the bony structures seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "question_id": 1613, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "question_id": 1614, "text": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1701_IM-0462/0.png", "question_id": 1615, "text": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "question_id": 1616, "text": "Is there any evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen."} {"question": "Are there signs of lung hyperinflation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "question_id": 1617, "text": "Are there signs of lung hyperinflation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen."} {"question": "Are there indications of biapical scarring on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "question_id": 1618, "text": "Are there indications of biapical scarring on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal structures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "question_id": 1619, "text": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention pleural effusion, so the answer cannot be determined from the provided information.", "image": "CXR3964_IM-2028/0.png", "question_id": 1620, "text": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate is seen."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR238_IM-0939/0.png", "question_id": 1621, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR238_IM-0939/0.png", "question_id": 1622, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR238_IM-0939/0.png", "question_id": 1623, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "question_id": 1624, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "question_id": 1625, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "question_id": 1626, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear."} {"question": "According to the chest X-ray image, does the patient have any rib fractures? \n", "answer": "No indication from the report.", "image": "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "question_id": 1627, "text": "According to the chest X-ray image, does the patient have any rib fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest any masses or nodules in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2247_IM-0844/0.png", "question_id": 1628, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest any masses or nodules in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR908_IM-2413/0.png", "question_id": 1629, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are calcified nodules projecting in the right upper lung. Mediastinal contours appear normal. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips are identified in the right neck and left mediastinum."} {"question": "Does the X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR908_IM-2413/0.png", "question_id": 1630, "text": "Does the X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are calcified nodules projecting in the right upper lung. Mediastinal contours appear normal. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips are identified in the right neck and left mediastinum."} {"question": "Are the pleural spaces compromised or obscured in any way on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR908_IM-2413/0.png", "question_id": 1631, "text": "Are the pleural spaces compromised or obscured in any way on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are calcified nodules projecting in the right upper lung. Mediastinal contours appear normal. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips are identified in the right neck and left mediastinum."} {"question": "Are surgical clips also present in the left mediastinum according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR908_IM-2413/0.png", "question_id": 1632, "text": "Are surgical clips also present in the left mediastinum according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are calcified nodules projecting in the right upper lung. Mediastinal contours appear normal. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips are identified in the right neck and left mediastinum."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1633, "text": "Does the patient have a normal heart size according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal contours on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1634, "text": "Are there abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal contours on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1635, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there endplate sclerotic changes in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1636, "text": "Are there endplate sclerotic changes in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any visible mass within the lung fields on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3170_IM-1494/0.png", "question_id": 1637, "text": "Is there any visible mass within the lung fields on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous and ectatic. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without evidence of fibrosis. Pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Endplate sclerotic changes are present in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart size on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "question_id": 1638, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart size on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any focal air space opacities present? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "question_id": 1639, "text": "Are there any focal air space opacities present? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any remarkable findings regarding the visualized osseous structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "question_id": 1640, "text": "Are there any remarkable findings regarding the visualized osseous structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question": "Has a broken rib or any bone abnormality been detected in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "question_id": 1641, "text": "Has a broken rib or any bone abnormality been detected in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any sign of lung collapse or atelectasis in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (as it is not mentioned in the report)", "image": "CXR768_IM-2313/0.png", "question_id": 1642, "text": "Is there any sign of lung collapse or atelectasis in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the X-ray report describe the presence of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "question_id": 1643, "text": "Does the X-ray report describe the presence of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can focal airspace disease be identified in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "question_id": 1644, "text": "Can focal airspace disease be identified in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette changed from previous imaging? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "question_id": 1645, "text": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette changed from previous imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Do the bony structures show any signs of fracture or damage? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "question_id": 1646, "text": "Do the bony structures show any signs of fracture or damage? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Has a cardiomegaly been diagnosed on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3118_IM-1466/0.png", "question_id": 1647, "text": "Has a cardiomegaly been diagnosed on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray indicate a normal cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "question_id": 1648, "text": "Does the X-ray indicate a normal cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "question_id": 1649, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray suggest any fractures in the bony structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "question_id": 1650, "text": "Does the X-ray suggest any fractures in the bony structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray report mention pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "question_id": 1651, "text": "Does the X-ray report mention pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of a pneumomediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1738_IM-0486/0.png", "question_id": 1652, "text": "Does the patient show signs of a pneumomediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Mild aortic tortuosity. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray image within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1109_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1653, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray image within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray image abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1109_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1654, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray image abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any suspicious pulmonary opacities visible on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1109_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1655, "text": "Are there any suspicious pulmonary opacities visible on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show a definite pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1109_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1656, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show a definite pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "question_id": 1657, "text": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "question_id": 1658, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "question_id": 1659, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the overall radiographic appearance of the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "question_id": 1660, "text": "Is the overall radiographic appearance of the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can the chest X-ray rule out every form of lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No. (Chest X-rays cannot rule out all forms of pathology; some conditions may require further imaging or clinical correlation.)", "image": "CXR968_IM-2458/0.png", "question_id": 1661, "text": "Can the chest X-ray rule out every form of lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1543_IM-0353/0.png", "question_id": 1662, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality. Large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal airspace disease in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1543_IM-0353/0.png", "question_id": 1663, "text": "Is there evidence of focal airspace disease in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality. Large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1543_IM-0353/0.png", "question_id": 1664, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality. Large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Is there a large hiatal hernia identified on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1543_IM-0353/0.png", "question_id": 1665, "text": "Is there a large hiatal hernia identified on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality. Large hiatal hernia."} {"question": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "question_id": 1666, "text": "Does the patient exhibit any signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "question_id": 1667, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any fractures in the visible bony structures according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "question_id": 1668, "text": "Does the patient have any fractures in the visible bony structures according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any visible evidence of lung masses or nodules on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "question_id": 1669, "text": "Is there any visible evidence of lung masses or nodules on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Did the chest X-ray show signs of any chest wall deformity? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1960_IM-0627/0.png", "question_id": 1670, "text": "Did the chest X-ray show signs of any chest wall deformity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiac size within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR937_IM-2433/0.png", "question_id": 1671, "text": "Is the cardiac size within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac size. Normal pulmonary vasculature. No airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax. Negative for acute osseous deformity. The thoracic spine has a normal appearance."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of airspace disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR937_IM-2433/0.png", "question_id": 1672, "text": "Is there any evidence of airspace disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac size. Normal pulmonary vasculature. No airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax. Negative for acute osseous deformity. The thoracic spine has a normal appearance."} {"question": "Are there signs of acute osseous deformity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR937_IM-2433/0.png", "question_id": 1673, "text": "Are there signs of acute osseous deformity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac size. Normal pulmonary vasculature. No airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax. Negative for acute osseous deformity. The thoracic spine has a normal appearance."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR912_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 1674, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR912_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 1675, "text": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear unusual on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR912_IM-2417/0.png", "question_id": 1676, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear unusual on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1677, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right pleural effusion is present and appears increased. No pneumothorax is identified. Some scattered XXXX of right base atelectasis are seen. Surgical XXXX remain in XXXX. The left lung appears clear."} {"question": "Is there a right pleural effusion noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1678, "text": "Is there a right pleural effusion noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right pleural effusion is present and appears increased. No pneumothorax is identified. Some scattered XXXX of right base atelectasis are seen. Surgical XXXX remain in XXXX. The left lung appears clear."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1679, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right pleural effusion is present and appears increased. No pneumothorax is identified. Some scattered XXXX of right base atelectasis are seen. Surgical XXXX remain in XXXX. The left lung appears clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of surgical hardware in place on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3509_IM-1711-0001/0.png", "question_id": 1680, "text": "Is there evidence of surgical hardware in place on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right pleural effusion is present and appears increased. No pneumothorax is identified. Some scattered XXXX of right base atelectasis are seen. Surgical XXXX remain in XXXX. The left lung appears clear."} {"question": "Does the patient show evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2211_IM-0818/0.png", "question_id": 1681, "text": "Does the patient show evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent cardiomegaly with suggestion of left atrial enlargement as evidenced by cardiac contour the lateral image and XXXX density on the frontal image. The lungs are clear. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there indications of left atrial enlargement on the frontal X-ray image as well? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2211_IM-0818/0.png", "question_id": 1682, "text": "Are there indications of left atrial enlargement on the frontal X-ray image as well? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent cardiomegaly with suggestion of left atrial enlargement as evidenced by cardiac contour the lateral image and XXXX density on the frontal image. The lungs are clear. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs free of any abnormal opacities on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2211_IM-0818/0.png", "question_id": 1683, "text": "Are the patient's lungs free of any abnormal opacities on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent cardiomegaly with suggestion of left atrial enlargement as evidenced by cardiac contour the lateral image and XXXX density on the frontal image. The lungs are clear. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2211_IM-0818/0.png", "question_id": 1684, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is persistent cardiomegaly with suggestion of left atrial enlargement as evidenced by cardiac contour the lateral image and XXXX density on the frontal image. The lungs are clear. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1855_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 1685, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There is focal left lateral base airspace disease. There is a 6 mm nodular opacity in the right midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No displaced rib fractures. There is an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck. This is not seen on the comparison. Correlate clinically with history of fracture."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1855_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 1686, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There is focal left lateral base airspace disease. There is a 6 mm nodular opacity in the right midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No displaced rib fractures. There is an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck. This is not seen on the comparison. Correlate clinically with history of fracture."} {"question": "Is there a focal left lateral base airspace disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1855_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 1687, "text": "Is there a focal left lateral base airspace disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There is focal left lateral base airspace disease. There is a 6 mm nodular opacity in the right midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No displaced rib fractures. There is an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck. This is not seen on the comparison. Correlate clinically with history of fracture."} {"question": "Is there an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1855_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 1688, "text": "Is there an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There is focal left lateral base airspace disease. There is a 6 mm nodular opacity in the right midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No displaced rib fractures. There is an apparent deformity of the right humeral surgical neck. This is not seen on the comparison. Correlate clinically with history of fracture."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1689, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Can a focal airspace consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1690, "text": "Can a focal airspace consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Does the abdominal portion of the X-ray show any signs of pneumoperitoneum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1691, "text": "Does the abdominal portion of the X-ray show any signs of pneumoperitoneum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Is there air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1692, "text": "Is there air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Is there any evidence for intussusception on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1693, "text": "Is there any evidence for intussusception on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Are there any pathologic calcifications visible over the abdomen or pelvis in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1694, "text": "Are there any pathologic calcifications visible over the abdomen or pelvis in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Are there mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine evident in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR502_IM-2120/0.png", "question_id": 1695, "text": "Are there mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine evident in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Chest. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Abdomen. No pneumoperitoneum. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. Air and stool visible throughout the entire large colon including the rectum. No abnormally dilated small bowel loops. No evidence for intussusception or small bowel obstruction. No pathologic calcifications XXXX over the abdomen or pelvis. XXXX XXXX are without fracture or destructive lesion, though there are mild degenerative changes throughout the lumbar spine. Small hiatal hernia is not as well demonstrated on this exam."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "question_id": 1696, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of cardiomegaly? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation."} {"question": "Can lung consolidation be seen in the provided chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "question_id": 1697, "text": "Can lung consolidation be seen in the provided chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally contoured in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "question_id": 1698, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally contoured in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation."} {"question": "Is there any air under the diaphragm indicating a possible visceral perforation in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on the provided findings, as no such findings were mentioned).", "image": "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "question_id": 1699, "text": "Is there any air under the diaphragm indicating a possible visceral perforation in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any masses or nodules in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No (based on the provided findings, as no such findings were mentioned).", "image": "CXR1623_IM-0405/0.png", "question_id": 1700, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any masses or nodules in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or focal lung consolidation."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray report indicate an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "question_id": 1701, "text": "Does the chest X-ray report indicate an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the previous study performed in XXXX available for review? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "question_id": 1702, "text": "Is the previous study performed in XXXX available for review? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a calcified granuloma present in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "question_id": 1703, "text": "Is there a calcified granuloma present in the right lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "question_id": 1704, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1265_IM-0179/0.png", "question_id": 1705, "text": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. There is a round density in the AP XXXX. XXXX study performed in XXXX is not available for review at this time. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1598_IM-0389/0.png", "question_id": 1706, "text": "Is the heart size on the chest X-ray within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified."} {"question": "Are there any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1598_IM-0389/0.png", "question_id": 1707, "text": "Are there any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion as indicated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1598_IM-0389/0.png", "question_id": 1708, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion as indicated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified."} {"question": "Are there any acute fractures or bone abnormalities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1598_IM-0389/0.png", "question_id": 1709, "text": "Are there any acute fractures or bone abnormalities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified."} {"question": "Does the frontal view of the chest X-ray indicate low lung volumes? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "question_id": 1710, "text": "Does the frontal view of the chest X-ray indicate low lung volumes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation."} {"question": "Is the heart significantly enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (it's upper limits normal or mildly enlarged).", "image": "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "question_id": 1711, "text": "Is the heart significantly enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (it is within normal limits).", "image": "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "question_id": 1712, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation."} {"question": "Can the left lung base atelectasis be attributed to low lung volumes on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "question_id": 1713, "text": "Can the left lung base atelectasis be attributed to low lung volumes on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2355_IM-0919/0.png", "question_id": 1714, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. There are low lung volumes on the frontal view, which accentuates heart size and lung markings. The heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. Mediastinum normal width. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is left lung base atelectasis on frontal XXXX XXXX secondary to low volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation."} {"question": "Does the patient have any focal areas of consolidation visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2290_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 1715, "text": "Does the patient have any focal areas of consolidation visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2290_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 1716, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2290_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 1717, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "question_id": 1718, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal opacities visible in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "question_id": 1719, "text": "Are there any abnormal opacities visible in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "question_id": 1720, "text": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the heart size is normal and typically the mediastinum contains the heart)", "image": "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "question_id": 1721, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are the lung fields hyperinflated suggesting a condition like COPD or asthma? \n", "answer": "No (\"lungs are clear\" usually implies normal lung volumes)", "image": "CXR3505_IM-1707/0.png", "question_id": 1722, "text": "Are the lung fields hyperinflated suggesting a condition like COPD or asthma? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal and the lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "question_id": 1723, "text": "Does the patient have a normal heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any significant abnormalities detected in the right lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "question_id": 1724, "text": "Are there any significant abnormalities detected in the right lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the patient's left lung completely clear? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "question_id": 1725, "text": "Is the patient's left lung completely clear? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "question_id": 1726, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the scarring widespread throughout both lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2760_IM-1207/0.png", "question_id": 1727, "text": "Is the scarring widespread throughout both lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal scarring within the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the report indicate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2577_IM-1077/0.png", "question_id": 1728, "text": "Does the report indicate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality. There are XXXX XXXX opacities, atelectasis versus airspace disease. No large effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of large effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2577_IM-1077/0.png", "question_id": 1729, "text": "Is there evidence of large effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality. There are XXXX XXXX opacities, atelectasis versus airspace disease. No large effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is airspace disease suggested by the report? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2577_IM-1077/0.png", "question_id": 1730, "text": "Is airspace disease suggested by the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality. There are XXXX XXXX opacities, atelectasis versus airspace disease. No large effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there definite opacities mentioned in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes, but the actual description is redacted (XXXX XXXX), indicating missing information or intentionally obscured details for privacy or confidentiality.", "image": "CXR2577_IM-1077/0.png", "question_id": 1731, "text": "Are there definite opacities mentioned in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality. There are XXXX XXXX opacities, atelectasis versus airspace disease. No large effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal cardiomediastinal contours as per the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1732, "text": "Does the patient have normal cardiomediastinal contours as per the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there findings suggestive of a current granulomatous infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1733, "text": "Are there findings suggestive of a current granulomatous infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable."} {"question": "Are the calcified granulomas described as new findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1734, "text": "Are the calcified granulomas described as new findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the report mention the presence of a pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1735, "text": "Does the report mention the presence of a pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the bony structures in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1110_IM-0076/0.png", "question_id": 1736, "text": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the bony structures in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are scattered calcified testes bilaterally, consistent with prior granulomatous infection, stable. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1130_IM-0087/0.png", "question_id": 1737, "text": "Is the heart size normal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma is present in the right base. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. In the lateral right base is identified an ill-defined somewhat oblong opacity. This was not present on the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1130_IM-0087/0.png", "question_id": 1738, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma is present in the right base. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. In the lateral right base is identified an ill-defined somewhat oblong opacity. This was not present on the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vessels showing signs of congestion or increased vascularity? \n", "answer": "No. (The report states pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits.)", "image": "CXR1130_IM-0087/0.png", "question_id": 1739, "text": "Are the pulmonary vessels showing signs of congestion or increased vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma is present in the right base. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. In the lateral right base is identified an ill-defined somewhat oblong opacity. This was not present on the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs without any abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No. (There is an ill-defined opacity in the right base and a calcified granuloma.)", "image": "CXR1130_IM-0087/0.png", "question_id": 1740, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lungs without any abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma is present in the right base. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. In the lateral right base is identified an ill-defined somewhat oblong opacity. This was not present on the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3582_IM-1761/0.png", "question_id": 1741, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3582_IM-1761/0.png", "question_id": 1742, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3582_IM-1761/0.png", "question_id": 1743, "text": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (as the heart size is normal, and no mention of pulmonary edema).", "image": "CXR3582_IM-1761/0.png", "question_id": 1744, "text": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any interval change in the heart and lungs compared to previous X-rays? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR613_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1745, "text": "Is there any interval change in the heart and lungs compared to previous X-rays? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there signs of consolidation in either lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR613_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1746, "text": "Are there signs of consolidation in either lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the heart size or shape? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR613_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1747, "text": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the heart size or shape? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can any masses or nodules be seen within the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR613_IM-2200/0.png", "question_id": 1748, "text": "Can any masses or nodules be seen within the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR591_IM-2186/0.png", "question_id": 1749, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma within the left lung base. There is suggestion of a deep sulcus sign on the right. No definite pleural line of pneumothorax visualized. There is age-indeterminate wedging of several midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is there a visible calcified granuloma in the left lung base on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR591_IM-2186/0.png", "question_id": 1750, "text": "Is there a visible calcified granuloma in the left lung base on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma within the left lung base. There is suggestion of a deep sulcus sign on the right. No definite pleural line of pneumothorax visualized. There is age-indeterminate wedging of several midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is there a definite pleural line of pneumothorax identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR591_IM-2186/0.png", "question_id": 1751, "text": "Is there a definite pleural line of pneumothorax identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma within the left lung base. There is suggestion of a deep sulcus sign on the right. No definite pleural line of pneumothorax visualized. There is age-indeterminate wedging of several midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Can the age of the wedging in the midthoracic vertebral bodies be determined from the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR591_IM-2186/0.png", "question_id": 1752, "text": "Can the age of the wedging in the midthoracic vertebral bodies be determined from the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma within the left lung base. There is suggestion of a deep sulcus sign on the right. No definite pleural line of pneumothorax visualized. There is age-indeterminate wedging of several midthoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is the tip of the right jugular catheter located within the lower superior vena cava (SVC)? - Yes \n", "answer": "2. Is there an indication of an abnormal heart size on the X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 1753, "text": "Is the tip of the right jugular catheter located within the lower superior vena cava (SVC)? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the mediastinal contour appear abnormal? - No \n", "answer": "4. Are there signs of abnormal pulmonary vascularity? - No", "image": "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 1754, "text": "Does the mediastinal contour appear abnormal? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a scar or subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula? - Yes \n", "answer": "6. Is there any focal airspace consolidation noted on the X-ray? - No", "image": "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 1755, "text": "Is there evidence of a scar or subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula? - Yes Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the X-ray? - No \n", "answer": "8. Can pneumothorax be observed in the X-ray image? - No", "image": "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 1756, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the X-ray? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there any acute osseous findings? - No \n", "answer": "10. Is there any indication of mild degenerative changes of the spine? - Yes", "image": "CXR2077_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 1757, "text": "Are there any acute osseous findings? - No Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right jugular XXXX catheter present with tip overlying the lower SVC. Curvilinear density projecting over the upper chest appears external on the lateral projection. Correlate clinically. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. XXXX scar/subsegmental atelectasis in the lingula. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. Mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the trachea positioned normally in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1788_IM-0513/0.png", "question_id": 1758, "text": "Is the trachea positioned normally in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1788_IM-0513/0.png", "question_id": 1759, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1788_IM-0513/0.png", "question_id": 1760, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The provided report does not specify chronic lung disease, so cannot determine a yes or no without additional information or reviewing the image.", "image": "CXR1788_IM-0513/0.png", "question_id": 1761, "text": "Is there evidence of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "question_id": 1762, "text": "Is there any evidence of infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "question_id": 1763, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible problem with the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "question_id": 1764, "text": "Is there any visible problem with the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is this an X-ray that indicates the need for immediate medical intervention? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "question_id": 1765, "text": "Is this an X-ray that indicates the need for immediate medical intervention? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any chronic lung conditions such as COPD or fibrosis? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3981_IM-2039/0.png", "question_id": 1766, "text": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of any chronic lung conditions such as COPD or fibrosis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "question_id": 1767, "text": "Does the patient have a normal heart size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any focal airspace consolidation seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "question_id": 1768, "text": "Is there any focal airspace consolidation seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "question_id": 1769, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is the cavitary lesion clearly visible on both AP and lateral views? \n", "answer": "No (it is only seen on the AP view and might be an artifact).", "image": "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "question_id": 1770, "text": "Is the cavitary lesion clearly visible on both AP and lateral views? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (mediastinal contours are within normal limits).", "image": "CXR2100_IM-0731/0.png", "question_id": 1771, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Questionable thin-walled cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe, only seen on the AP view and may represent artifact. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of increased lung volumes? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3282_IM-1563/0.png", "question_id": 1772, "text": "Does the patient show signs of increased lung volumes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally, with lungs otherwise grossly clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3282_IM-1563/0.png", "question_id": 1773, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally, with lungs otherwise grossly clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question": "Is a large pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3282_IM-1563/0.png", "question_id": 1774, "text": "Is a large pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally, with lungs otherwise grossly clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question": "Are there any acute bone injuries visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3282_IM-1563/0.png", "question_id": 1775, "text": "Are there any acute bone injuries visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally, with lungs otherwise grossly clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart silhouette within normal size? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3321_IM-1588/0.png", "question_id": 1776, "text": "Is the patient's heart silhouette within normal size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any acute lung findings evident on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3321_IM-1588/0.png", "question_id": 1777, "text": "Are there any acute lung findings evident on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can you see a pneumothorax in this patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3321_IM-1588/0.png", "question_id": 1778, "text": "Can you see a pneumothorax in this patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any visible pathology in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3321_IM-1588/0.png", "question_id": 1779, "text": "Is there any visible pathology in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR670_IM-2244/0.png", "question_id": 1780, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is Stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. There are mild chronic changes without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have aortic atherosclerosis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR670_IM-2244/0.png", "question_id": 1781, "text": "Does the patient have aortic atherosclerosis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is Stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. There are mild chronic changes without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR670_IM-2244/0.png", "question_id": 1782, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is Stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. There are mild chronic changes without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2660_IM-1142/0.png", "question_id": 1783, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any lung opacities present on the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2660_IM-1142/0.png", "question_id": 1784, "text": "Are there any lung opacities present on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Can any signs of congestive heart failure be identified, such as pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2660_IM-1142/0.png", "question_id": 1785, "text": "Can any signs of congestive heart failure be identified, such as pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there swollen lymph nodes (adenopathy) present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2660_IM-1142/0.png", "question_id": 1786, "text": "Are there swollen lymph nodes (adenopathy) present on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3933_IM-2004/0.png", "question_id": 1787, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities."} {"question": "Can large pleural effusions be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3933_IM-2004/0.png", "question_id": 1788, "text": "Can large pleural effusions be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "question_id": 1789, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "question_id": 1790, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the visualized bones on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "question_id": 1791, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the visualized bones on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is there any patchiness in the left lower lobe airspaces? \n", "answer": "No, the report specifies the right lower lobe.", "image": "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "question_id": 1792, "text": "Is there any patchiness in the left lower lobe airspaces? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Has the report mentioned any masses or tumors in the chest? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1282_IM-0188/0.png", "question_id": 1793, "text": "Has the report mentioned any masses or tumors in the chest? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Patchy right lower lobe airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "question_id": 1794, "text": "Are the patient's lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "question_id": 1795, "text": "Does the patient have any pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardio mediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "question_id": 1796, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardio mediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is focal consolidation observed on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "question_id": 1797, "text": "Is focal consolidation observed on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can any masses be identified within the mediastinal contours as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since the report states that the cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable)", "image": "CXR3360_IM-1613/0.png", "question_id": 1798, "text": "Can any masses be identified within the mediastinal contours as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Left basilar subsegmental atelectasis versus scar noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1517_IM-0335/0.png", "question_id": 1799, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the cardio mediastinal silhouette according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1517_IM-0335/0.png", "question_id": 1800, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the cardio mediastinal silhouette according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1517_IM-0335/0.png", "question_id": 1801, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of any infection or mass in the lungs as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, based on the report stating the lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidation.", "image": "CXR1517_IM-0335/0.png", "question_id": 1802, "text": "Is there evidence of any infection or mass in the lungs as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Do the lungs appear clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR367_IM-1826/0.png", "question_id": 1803, "text": "Do the lungs appear clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR367_IM-1826/0.png", "question_id": 1804, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR367_IM-1826/0.png", "question_id": 1805, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Can any pathological lung lesions be observed in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR367_IM-1826/0.png", "question_id": 1806, "text": "Can any pathological lung lesions be observed in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "question_id": 1807, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of atelectasis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen."} {"question": "Does the patient have any focal consolidation in the lungs according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "question_id": 1808, "text": "Does the patient have any focal consolidation in the lungs according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen."} {"question": "Can we see signs of thoracic spondylosis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "question_id": 1809, "text": "Can we see signs of thoracic spondylosis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen."} {"question": "Is there an observation of tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "question_id": 1810, "text": "Is there an observation of tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen."} {"question": "Does the lateral radiograph of the chest show any unexpected findings? \n", "answer": "No (assuming that all findings were expected as per the report)", "image": "CXR3653_IM-1815/0.png", "question_id": 1811, "text": "Does the lateral radiograph of the chest show any unexpected findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes with XXXX XXXX atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is unchanged. There is mild to moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Thoracic spondylosis is again seen."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1911_IM-0593/0.png", "question_id": 1812, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any focal air space opacities identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1911_IM-0593/0.png", "question_id": 1813, "text": "Are there any focal air space opacities identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1911_IM-0593/0.png", "question_id": 1814, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1117_IM-0079/0.png", "question_id": 1815, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is ill-defined airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe. There is focal opacity in the right upper lobe which suggests scar and/or granulomatous calcification. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there an airspace opacity present in the left lower lobe on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1117_IM-0079/0.png", "question_id": 1816, "text": "Is there an airspace opacity present in the left lower lobe on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is ill-defined airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe. There is focal opacity in the right upper lobe which suggests scar and/or granulomatous calcification. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1117_IM-0079/0.png", "question_id": 1817, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is ill-defined airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe. There is focal opacity in the right upper lobe which suggests scar and/or granulomatous calcification. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe clearly defined? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1117_IM-0079/0.png", "question_id": 1818, "text": "Is the airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe clearly defined? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is ill-defined airspace opacity in the posterior left lower lobe. There is focal opacity in the right upper lobe which suggests scar and/or granulomatous calcification. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3576_IM-1757/0.png", "question_id": 1819, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3576_IM-1757/0.png", "question_id": 1820, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bone abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3576_IM-1757/0.png", "question_id": 1821, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bone abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2008_IM-0658/0.png", "question_id": 1822, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2008_IM-0658/0.png", "question_id": 1823, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette show any abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2008_IM-0658/0.png", "question_id": 1824, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette show any abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Has the XXXX stent previously noted been removed on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 1825, "text": "Has the XXXX stent previously noted been removed on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 1826, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Does the patient exhibit high lung volumes on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 1827, "text": "Does the patient exhibit high lung volumes on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 1828, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3746_IM-1872/0.png", "question_id": 1829, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute bony abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Compared to prior examination, XXXX stent has been removed. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits. Stable mild atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are noted. There are mildly low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3975_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 1830, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3975_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 1831, "text": "Are there any large pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there anything remarkable about the cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3975_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 1832, "text": "Is there anything remarkable about the cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1280_IM-0187/0.png", "question_id": 1833, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a focal consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1280_IM-0187/0.png", "question_id": 1834, "text": "Can a focal consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1280_IM-0187/0.png", "question_id": 1835, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the size of the heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 1836, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the size of the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray suggest the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 1837, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray suggest the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of significant spine abnormalities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, only minimal degenerative changes are present.", "image": "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 1838, "text": "Are there any signs of significant spine abnormalities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vessels showing any signs of congestion or enlargement? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 1839, "text": "Are the pulmonary vessels showing any signs of congestion or enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any such findings, so the answer is no.", "image": "CXR3426_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 1840, "text": "Is there evidence of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 1841, "text": "Is the heart enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 1842, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 1843, "text": "Are there signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality in the bony structures of the chest observed on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Not confirmed (due to \"XXXX,\" the bony structures are not definitively addressed in the report, unless \"XXXX\" is replaced by a term indicating bony structures).", "image": "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 1844, "text": "Is there any abnormality in the bony structures of the chest observed on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Do the diaphragms appear to be elevated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No information (the report does not mention the diaphragms, thus this cannot be answered directly without assuming or inferring from \"unremarkable\" which might imply normals as well).", "image": "CXR1466_IM-0302/0.png", "question_id": 1845, "text": "Do the diaphragms appear to be elevated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3722_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1846, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any abnormalities in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3722_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1847, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a lung infection be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention any lung infection.", "image": "CXR3722_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1848, "text": "Can a lung infection be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have a broken rib according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any broken ribs, so the answer should be no based on the provided information.", "image": "CXR3722_IM-1859/0.png", "question_id": 1849, "text": "Does the patient have a broken rib according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "question_id": 1850, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any indications of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "question_id": 1851, "text": "Are there any indications of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "question_id": 1852, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "question_id": 1853, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear abnormal in size or contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1574_IM-0374/0.png", "question_id": 1854, "text": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear abnormal in size or contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show normal cardiac contours? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "question_id": 1855, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show normal cardiac contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the patient have flattened diaphragms in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "question_id": 1856, "text": "Does the patient have flattened diaphragms in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of thoracic spondylosis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "question_id": 1857, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of thoracic spondylosis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "question_id": 1858, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are there signs of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (not mentioned in the report)", "image": "CXR2695_IM-1166/0.png", "question_id": 1859, "text": "Are there signs of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms. No acute pulmonary findings. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 1860, "text": "Are there any indications of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 1861, "text": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 1862, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 1863, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1175_IM-0119/0.png", "question_id": 1864, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a calcified granuloma in the patient's left lung field? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "question_id": 1865, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a calcified granuloma in the patient's left lung field? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region."} {"question": "Can pneumothorax be observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "question_id": 1866, "text": "Can pneumothorax be observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region."} {"question": "Are there calcifications present in the left hilar lymph nodes according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "question_id": 1867, "text": "Are there calcifications present in the left hilar lymph nodes according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region."} {"question": "Are there arthritic changes observed in the skeletal structures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "question_id": 1868, "text": "Are there arthritic changes observed in the skeletal structures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region."} {"question": "Does the lumbar region show signs of scoliosis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR814_IM-2345/0.png", "question_id": 1869, "text": "Does the lumbar region show signs of scoliosis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the lateral left base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted as well as scoliosis and lumbar region."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of hyperexpanded lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "question_id": 1870, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of hyperexpanded lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Can any masses be detected within the lungs on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "question_id": 1871, "text": "Can any masses be detected within the lungs on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Does the mediastinum appear to be abnormal on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "question_id": 1872, "text": "Does the mediastinum appear to be abnormal on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "question_id": 1873, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient might have congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Does the image indicate the presence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention pleural effusion.", "image": "CXR442_IM-2078/0.png", "question_id": 1874, "text": "Does the image indicate the presence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of lung hyperexpansion? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1133_IM-0090/0.png", "question_id": 1875, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of lung hyperexpansion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses. The eventration of the left hemidiaphragm identified previously is largely unchanged since the previous computed tomogram. Pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Is there any change in the eventration of the left hemidiaphragm compared to previous imaging? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1133_IM-0090/0.png", "question_id": 1876, "text": "Is there any change in the eventration of the left hemidiaphragm compared to previous imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses. The eventration of the left hemidiaphragm identified previously is largely unchanged since the previous computed tomogram. Pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a left hemidiaphragm eventration? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1133_IM-0090/0.png", "question_id": 1877, "text": "Does the patient have a left hemidiaphragm eventration? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses. The eventration of the left hemidiaphragm identified previously is largely unchanged since the previous computed tomogram. Pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of acute lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "question_id": 1878, "text": "Is there any evidence of acute lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities present in the pleural spaces as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "question_id": 1879, "text": "Are there any abnormalities present in the pleural spaces as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there any sign of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Not mentioned, but no acute abnormalities are reported.", "image": "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "question_id": 1880, "text": "Is there any sign of chronic lung disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "question_id": 1881, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there any indication of lung cancer on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No acute abnormality is reported, but early-stage lung cancer may not be detectable on a chest X-ray.", "image": "CXR1601_IM-0390/0.png", "question_id": 1882, "text": "Is there any indication of lung cancer on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "question_id": 1883, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart size or shape? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question": "Is there evidence of fluid accumulation around the lungs, known as an effusion, on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "question_id": 1884, "text": "Is there evidence of fluid accumulation around the lungs, known as an effusion, on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question": "Can you see surgical clips present within the thoracic cavity on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "question_id": 1885, "text": "Can you see surgical clips present within the thoracic cavity on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question": "Is there any indication of surgical clips over the right upper quadrant of the patient's abdomen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "question_id": 1886, "text": "Is there any indication of surgical clips over the right upper quadrant of the patient's abdomen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question": "Are there any visible fractures on the ribs or bones around the chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Not mentioned in the report, hence cannot determine from the provided information.", "image": "CXR3810_IM-1920/0.png", "question_id": 1887, "text": "Are there any visible fractures on the ribs or bones around the chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is surgical clips projected over the left lung apex, as well as, over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question": "Does the patient have diminished lung volumes? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 1888, "text": "Does the patient have diminished lung volumes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette prominent on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 1889, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette prominent on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX."} {"question": "Can any signs of focal consolidation be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 1890, "text": "Can any signs of focal consolidation be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 1891, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX."} {"question": "Was the patient exposed to chest trauma in the remote past, as indicated by the left clavicle deformity? \n", "answer": "- Yes (assuming \"remote\" implies past injury and \"XXXX\" implies a traumatic cause that\u2019s not specified due to redaction).", "image": "CXR1683_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 1892, "text": "Was the patient exposed to chest trauma in the remote past, as indicated by the left clavicle deformity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. Right greater than left bilateral hilar and subcarinal adenopathy is again seen. The cardiac silhouette is prominent but probably artifactually large due to diminished lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a deformity of the left clavicle compatible with remote XXXX."} {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal on this patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 1893, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal on this patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Can a right lower lung opacity be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 1894, "text": "Can a right lower lung opacity be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Is there any focal airspace consolidation visible on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 1895, "text": "Is there any focal airspace consolidation visible on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 1896, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a lung mass on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR859_IM-2380/0.png", "question_id": 1897, "text": "Is there evidence of a lung mass on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. XXXX right lower lung opacity XXXX represents combination of soft tissue overlay and minimal atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age."} {"question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2210_IM-0817/0.png", "question_id": 1898, "text": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2210_IM-0817/0.png", "question_id": 1899, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.."} {"question": "Does the thoracic spine appear to be damaged or fractured on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2210_IM-0817/0.png", "question_id": 1900, "text": "Does the thoracic spine appear to be damaged or fractured on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute osseous abnormality? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1094_IM-0065/0.png", "question_id": 1901, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute osseous abnormality? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Left lower lobe XXXX density XXXX representing atelectasis. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1094_IM-0065/0.png", "question_id": 1902, "text": "Does the patient have a normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Left lower lobe XXXX density XXXX representing atelectasis. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there an area of density in the left lower lobe that may represent atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1094_IM-0065/0.png", "question_id": 1903, "text": "Is there an area of density in the left lower lobe that may represent atelectasis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Left lower lobe XXXX density XXXX representing atelectasis. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1094_IM-0065/0.png", "question_id": 1904, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Left lower lobe XXXX density XXXX representing atelectasis. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR539_IM-2145/0.png", "question_id": 1905, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR539_IM-2145/0.png", "question_id": 1906, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR539_IM-2145/0.png", "question_id": 1907, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR539_IM-2145/0.png", "question_id": 1908, "text": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the heart size appear abnormal on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1909, "text": "Does the heart size appear abnormal on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity increased on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1910, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity increased on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity present on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1911, "text": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity present on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there a definite pleural effusion visible on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1912, "text": "Is there a definite pleural effusion visible on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible signs of lung infection on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No, since there's no focal consolidation or suspicious opacity.", "image": "CXR1964_IM-0629/0.png", "question_id": 1913, "text": "Does the patient have any visible signs of lung infection on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size considered to be slightly enlarged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "question_id": 1914, "text": "Is the patient's heart size considered to be slightly enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vascular markings within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "question_id": 1915, "text": "Are the pulmonary vascular markings within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs."} {"question": "Can any lung masses be identified from the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "question_id": 1916, "text": "Can any lung masses be identified from the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs."} {"question": "Has the size of the heart remained consistent compared to previous images, suggesting chronic enlargement? \n", "answer": "Cannot determine without prior images.", "image": "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "question_id": 1917, "text": "Has the size of the heart remained consistent compared to previous images, suggesting chronic enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs."} {"question": "Is the shape of the aorta considered normal for the patient's age group? \n", "answer": "No (given \"tortuous aorta\" usually indicates an abnormal curvature or twist).", "image": "CXR1158_IM-0107/0.png", "question_id": 1918, "text": "Is the shape of the aorta considered normal for the patient's age group? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Aorta remains tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on this patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "question_id": 1919, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on this patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the nodule in the right middle lobe likely calcified? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "question_id": 1920, "text": "Is the nodule in the right middle lobe likely calcified? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "question_id": 1921, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax in this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "question_id": 1922, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax in this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of acute respiratory distress? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2275_IM-0862/0.png", "question_id": 1923, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of acute respiratory distress? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. There is a right middle lobe nodule which is denser than adjacent XXXX is most XXXX calcified. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of hyperaeration in the lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR511_IM-2127/0.png", "question_id": 1924, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of hyperaeration in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperaerated lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms. Normal heart size. Increased retrosternal airspace. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR511_IM-2127/0.png", "question_id": 1925, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperaerated lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms. Normal heart size. Increased retrosternal airspace. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a focal infiltrate be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR511_IM-2127/0.png", "question_id": 1926, "text": "Can a focal infiltrate be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperaerated lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms. Normal heart size. Increased retrosternal airspace. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR511_IM-2127/0.png", "question_id": 1927, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperaerated lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms. Normal heart size. Increased retrosternal airspace. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "question_id": 1928, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "question_id": 1929, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "question_id": 1930, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or tumors in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "Not mentioned in the report, hence cannot answer with yes or no.", "image": "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "question_id": 1931, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or tumors in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Do the X-ray findings suggest the patient has a bone fracture? \n", "answer": "No (based on the given report).", "image": "CXR399_IM-2043/0.png", "question_id": 1932, "text": "Do the X-ray findings suggest the patient has a bone fracture? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "question_id": 1933, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "question_id": 1934, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion."} {"question": "Does the X-ray indicate any abnormal lung opacities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "question_id": 1935, "text": "Does the X-ray indicate any abnormal lung opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion."} {"question": "Are there signs of lung congestion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "question_id": 1936, "text": "Are there signs of lung congestion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung fields hyper-inflated on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR301_IM-1389/0.png", "question_id": 1937, "text": "Are the lung fields hyper-inflated on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large effusion."} {"question": "Can any focal airspace consolidations be seen on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "question_id": 1938, "text": "Can any focal airspace consolidations be seen on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Are the patient's lung volumes reduced according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "question_id": 1939, "text": "Are the patient's lung volumes reduced according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "question_id": 1940, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Did the radiologist report any abnormal masses on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "question_id": 1941, "text": "Did the radiologist report any abnormal masses on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray completely clear without any noted abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No (because it mentions low lung volumes).", "image": "CXR391_IM-1986/0.png", "question_id": 1942, "text": "Is the chest X-ray completely clear without any noted abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a presence of pneumothorax on the right side? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 1943, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a presence of pneumothorax on the right side? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 1944, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear."} {"question": "Is the pneumothorax on the chest X-ray larger than 3 cm? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 1945, "text": "Is the pneumothorax on the chest X-ray larger than 3 cm? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear."} {"question": "Is there a visible fracture on the right 7th rib that is clearly displaced? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 1946, "text": "Is there a visible fracture on the right 7th rib that is clearly displaced? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any signs of fluid in the left lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3378_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 1947, "text": "Does the chest X-ray exhibit any signs of fluid in the left lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a moderate right-sided pneumothorax measuring approximately 3.3 cm in the right apex. There is a minimally displaced right lateral 8th rib fracture and probable nondisplaced right lateral 7th rib fracture. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Left lung is clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest chronic lung disease? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1948, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image suggest chronic lung disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1949, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there signs of subsegmental atelectasis in the left lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming the xxxx in the report was meant to indicate location specifics that are left out)", "image": "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1950, "text": "Are there signs of subsegmental atelectasis in the left lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1951, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any acute bony abnormality identified in the thoracolumbar spine on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR760_IM-2310/0.png", "question_id": 1952, "text": "Is there any acute bony abnormality identified in the thoracolumbar spine on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is minimal hyperexpansion and hyperlucency of the lungs suggestive of chronic lung disease, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. XXXX opacity in the left XXXX XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable and within normal limits, with mild tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine noted without acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3814_IM-1923/0.png", "question_id": 1953, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Can a definitive pleural effusion be identified in the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3814_IM-1923/0.png", "question_id": 1954, "text": "Can a definitive pleural effusion be identified in the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any mediastinal widening indicative of vascular injury? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3814_IM-1923/0.png", "question_id": 1955, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any mediastinal widening indicative of vascular injury? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Has the X-ray revealed any unexpected findings that need further investigation? \n", "answer": "No, based on the report provided.", "image": "CXR3814_IM-1923/0.png", "question_id": 1956, "text": "Has the X-ray revealed any unexpected findings that need further investigation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3224_IM-1524/0.png", "question_id": 1957, "text": "Is the size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3224_IM-1524/0.png", "question_id": 1958, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Can acute bone abnormalities be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3224_IM-1524/0.png", "question_id": 1959, "text": "Can acute bone abnormalities be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of any change in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR929_IM-2427/0.png", "question_id": 1960, "text": "Is there evidence of any change in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No change lung XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right lower lobe. No focal infiltrates. Heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. Aorta normal."} {"question": "Are there any focal infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR929_IM-2427/0.png", "question_id": 1961, "text": "Are there any focal infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No change lung XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right lower lobe. No focal infiltrates. Heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. Aorta normal."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR929_IM-2427/0.png", "question_id": 1962, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No change lung XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the right lower lobe. No focal infiltrates. Heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. Aorta normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any evidence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "question_id": 1963, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any evidence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "question_id": 1964, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of acute bony abnormalities on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "question_id": 1965, "text": "Are there any signs of acute bony abnormalities on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "question_id": 1966, "text": "Does the X-ray show any abnormalities in the mediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray, such as an enlarged cardiac silhouette or pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1697_IM-0458/0.png", "question_id": 1967, "text": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray, such as an enlarged cardiac silhouette or pulmonary edema? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show low lung volumes? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "question_id": 1968, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show low lung volumes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "question_id": 1969, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the report suggest the presence of bibasilar atelectasis or scarring? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "question_id": 1970, "text": "Does the report suggest the presence of bibasilar atelectasis or scarring? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are these left abdominal surgical clips new since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report says \"stable,\" implying no recent change).", "image": "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "question_id": 1971, "text": "Are these left abdominal surgical clips new since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the XXXX, which likely refers to some structures such as bones or implants, intact according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2200_IM-0811/0.png", "question_id": 1972, "text": "Are the XXXX, which likely refers to some structures such as bones or implants, intact according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis versus scarring. Stable left abdominal surgical clips. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "question_id": 1973, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "question_id": 1974, "text": "Is there any evidence of collapsed lung on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal shadows suggesting a mass within the cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "question_id": 1975, "text": "Are there any abnormal shadows suggesting a mass within the cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of fluid in the space surrounding the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "question_id": 1976, "text": "Does the X-ray show any signs of fluid in the space surrounding the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal pulmonary vascular pattern on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (This assumes that a normal pulmonary vascular pattern means absence of noted abnormalities in the report)", "image": "CXR3594_IM-1772/0.png", "question_id": 1977, "text": "Does the patient have a normal pulmonary vascular pattern on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of infection such as focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "question_id": 1978, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of infection such as focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "question_id": 1979, "text": "Is a pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Can any fractures or abnormalities in the bones of the chest be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "question_id": 1980, "text": "Can any fractures or abnormalities in the bones of the chest be seen on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart within normal size limits according to the radiographic report? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "question_id": 1981, "text": "Is the patient's heart within normal size limits according to the radiographic report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any pathological conditions such as tumors or masses? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention any such findings.", "image": "CXR2579_IM-1078/0.png", "question_id": 1982, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any pathological conditions such as tumors or masses? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3836_IM-1939/0.png", "question_id": 1983, "text": "Is the heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are there any focal infiltrates present in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3836_IM-1939/0.png", "question_id": 1984, "text": "Are there any focal infiltrates present in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3836_IM-1939/0.png", "question_id": 1985, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are the XXXX (likely to be a specific part of the lung or chest anatomy not mentioned) abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3836_IM-1939/0.png", "question_id": 1986, "text": "Are the XXXX (likely to be a specific part of the lung or chest anatomy not mentioned) abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 1987, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 1988, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is there a prominent calcified head at the right anterior first rib evident in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 1989, "text": "Is there a prominent calcified head at the right anterior first rib evident in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is the aorta seen as tortuous on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 1990, "text": "Is the aorta seen as tortuous on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Does the X-ray image suggest the presence of heart enlargement? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3428_IM-1657/0.png", "question_id": 1991, "text": "Does the X-ray image suggest the presence of heart enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a prominent calcified head to the right anterior first rib. The aorta is tortuous. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "question_id": 1992, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "question_id": 1993, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities."} {"question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "question_id": 1994, "text": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities."} {"question": "Is the consolidation found in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "question_id": 1995, "text": "Is the consolidation found in the right lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities."} {"question": "Can you detect any abnormalities in the soft tissue on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1226_IM-0150/0.png", "question_id": 1996, "text": "Can you detect any abnormalities in the soft tissue on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is focal consolidation in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung infection based on the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "question_id": 1997, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung infection based on the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of fractured bones according to the chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "question_id": 1998, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of fractured bones according to the chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Did the X-ray report indicate any lung opacities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "question_id": 1999, "text": "Did the X-ray report indicate any lung opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure in the report through an enlarged heart size? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "question_id": 2000, "text": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure in the report through an enlarged heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the report indicate any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR419_IM-2062/0.png", "question_id": 2001, "text": "Does the report indicate any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "question_id": 2002, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "question_id": 2003, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "question_id": 2004, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lung fields obscured or not well visualized on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "question_id": 2005, "text": "Are the lung fields obscured or not well visualized on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of rib fractures? \n", "answer": "The provided information does not specify, but based on the report stating that the lungs are clear, the likelihood is No.", "image": "CXR3196_IM-1507/0.png", "question_id": 2006, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of rib fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3976_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 2007, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Are the lungs showing any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3976_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 2008, "text": "Are the lungs showing any signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3976_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 2009, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of congestive heart failure on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3976_IM-2035/0.png", "question_id": 2010, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of congestive heart failure on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "question_id": 2011, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "question_id": 2012, "text": "Are there signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is a collapsed lung visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "question_id": 2013, "text": "Is a collapsed lung visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the aorta straight and of normal width on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "question_id": 2014, "text": "Is the aorta straight and of normal width on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3081_IM-1440/0.png", "question_id": 2015, "text": "Is there any sign of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient show any evidence of lung infection on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2016, "text": "Does the patient show any evidence of lung infection on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2017, "text": "Is there any indication of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, it is at the upper limits of normal.", "image": "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2018, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum appearing stable compared to previous studies on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2019, "text": "Is the mediastinum appearing stable compared to previous studies on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or lung tumors? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any masses or lung tumors, so the answer would be no based on the provided information.", "image": "CXR1302_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2020, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any masses or lung tumors? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with ectasia of the aorta. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 2021, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures."} {"question": "Can pneumothorax be observed in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 2022, "text": "Can pneumothorax be observed in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures."} {"question": "Are there large pleural effusions present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 2023, "text": "Are there large pleural effusions present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show normal mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 2024, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show normal mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of heart failure? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the reference to a \"normal\" cardiac silhouette implies no signs of heart failure).", "image": "CXR3639_IM-1804/0.png", "question_id": 2025, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is normal There is no evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Clear lungs There are no large pleural effusions No evidence of displaced fractures."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1249_IM-0169/0.png", "question_id": 2026, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There are calcified granulomas in the left lower lobe. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can calcified granulomas be seen in the left lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1249_IM-0169/0.png", "question_id": 2027, "text": "Can calcified granulomas be seen in the left lower lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There are calcified granulomas in the left lower lobe. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a large pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1249_IM-0169/0.png", "question_id": 2028, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a large pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There are calcified granulomas in the left lower lobe. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the XXXX? \n", "answer": "No. (Assuming XXXX refers to a part of the anatomy or aspect of the X-ray that was described as unremarkable in the report, such as bones or soft tissues).", "image": "CXR1249_IM-0169/0.png", "question_id": 2029, "text": "Are there any remarkable findings in the XXXX? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There are calcified granulomas in the left lower lobe. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart as per the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR190_IM-0583/0.png", "question_id": 2030, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart as per the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is no obvious lytic or destructive lesion. No displaced rib fracture is evident."} {"question": "Are there any signs of infection or consolidation in the lungs on the image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR190_IM-0583/0.png", "question_id": 2031, "text": "Are there any signs of infection or consolidation in the lungs on the image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is no obvious lytic or destructive lesion. No displaced rib fracture is evident."} {"question": "Is there a rib fracture present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR190_IM-0583/0.png", "question_id": 2032, "text": "Is there a rib fracture present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is no obvious lytic or destructive lesion. No displaced rib fracture is evident."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of lung hyperinflation? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "question_id": 2033, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of lung hyperinflation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "question_id": 2034, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted."} {"question": "Is there a flat diaphragm observed in the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "question_id": 2035, "text": "Is there a flat diaphragm observed in the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted."} {"question": "Is there an increased retrosternal airspace evident in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "question_id": 2036, "text": "Is there an increased retrosternal airspace evident in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted."} {"question": "Is there a curvature of the spine seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2151_IM-0771/0.png", "question_id": 2037, "text": "Is there a curvature of the spine seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, the typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine dextrocurvature noted."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits in size and contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1920_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2038, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits in size and contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. Lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there signs of focal airspace disease, such as pneumonia, visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1920_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2039, "text": "Are there signs of focal airspace disease, such as pneumonia, visible in the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. Lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray provided? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1920_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2040, "text": "Can pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray provided? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. Lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "question_id": 2041, "text": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any signs of lung pathology, such as consolidation or pleural effusion, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "question_id": 2042, "text": "Are there any signs of lung pathology, such as consolidation or pleural effusion, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient has a significant mediastinal shift? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "question_id": 2043, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient has a significant mediastinal shift? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are hilar adenopathy or masses apparent on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "question_id": 2044, "text": "Are hilar adenopathy or masses apparent on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any foreign bodies within the airways or lung parenchyma? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3112_IM-1461/0.png", "question_id": 2045, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any foreign bodies within the airways or lung parenchyma? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is the heart enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2291_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 2046, "text": "Is the heart enlarged on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Umbilical piercing."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2291_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 2047, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Umbilical piercing."} {"question": "Are the hilar and mediastinal contours abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2291_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 2048, "text": "Are the hilar and mediastinal contours abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Umbilical piercing."} {"question": "Is there an umbilical piercing visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2291_IM-0874/0.png", "question_id": 2049, "text": "Is there an umbilical piercing visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Umbilical piercing."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormalities since the last examination? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "question_id": 2050, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormalities since the last examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "question_id": 2051, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "question_id": 2052, "text": "Is the mediastinum appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "On the chest X-ray, can you see any fluid in the lung spaces (pleural effusion)? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "question_id": 2053, "text": "On the chest X-ray, can you see any fluid in the lung spaces (pleural effusion)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1610_IM-0395/0.png", "question_id": 2054, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are both lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2055, "text": "Are both lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present"} {"question": "Are the lungs fully expanded as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2056, "text": "Are the lungs fully expanded as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present"} {"question": "Is the atelectasis located in the lingula according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2057, "text": "Is the atelectasis located in the lingula according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present"} {"question": "Does the patient have calcified hilar lesions on the right side as shown on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2058, "text": "Does the patient have calcified hilar lesions on the right side as shown on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present"} {"question": "Is the basilar focal atelectasis affecting a large portion of the lung according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, it is described as focal in nature, suggesting a limited area is affected.", "image": "CXR1017_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2059, "text": "Is the basilar focal atelectasis affecting a large portion of the lung according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Basilar focal atelectasis is present in the lingula. Heart size normal. Calcified right hilar XXXX are present"} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1234_IM-0157/0.png", "question_id": 2060, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There are finding status post sternotomy and CABG. XXXX atelectasis or scar is noted within the left midlung. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal indications of previous sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1234_IM-0157/0.png", "question_id": 2061, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal indications of previous sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There are finding status post sternotomy and CABG. XXXX atelectasis or scar is noted within the left midlung. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there blunting of the left costophrenic angle noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (assuming 'XXXX' was intending to describe a location or finding that correlates to blunting)", "image": "CXR1234_IM-0157/0.png", "question_id": 2062, "text": "Is there blunting of the left costophrenic angle noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There are finding status post sternotomy and CABG. XXXX atelectasis or scar is noted within the left midlung. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 2063, "text": "Does the patient have pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are mildly prominent perihilar opacities observed on the imaging? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 2064, "text": "Are mildly prominent perihilar opacities observed on the imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 2065, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any damage to bony structures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 2066, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any damage to bony structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the patient likely suffering from severe pulmonary edema based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No indication of severe pulmonary edema is mentioned.", "image": "CXR3785_IM-1898/0.png", "question_id": 2067, "text": "Is the patient likely suffering from severe pulmonary edema based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly prominent perihilar opacities, XXXX due to bronchovascular crowding. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is XXXX. The bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "question_id": 2068, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there evidence of focal infiltrate in the patient's lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "question_id": 2069, "text": "Is there evidence of focal infiltrate in the patient's lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities reported in the bones or soft tissues in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "question_id": 2070, "text": "Are there any abnormalities reported in the bones or soft tissues in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there a finding of consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "question_id": 2071, "text": "Is there a finding of consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules reported in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention masses or nodules.", "image": "CXR510_IM-2126/0.png", "question_id": 2072, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules reported in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show an airspace opacity in the left upper lung? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1972_IM-0633/0.png", "question_id": 2073, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show an airspace opacity in the left upper lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a XXXX airspace opacity in the left upper lung. Heart size within normal limits. Mild calcification of the aortic XXXX. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is there evidence of mild calcification of the aorta on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1972_IM-0633/0.png", "question_id": 2074, "text": "Is there evidence of mild calcification of the aorta on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a XXXX airspace opacity in the left upper lung. Heart size within normal limits. Mild calcification of the aortic XXXX. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Are there pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1972_IM-0633/0.png", "question_id": 2075, "text": "Are there pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a XXXX airspace opacity in the left upper lung. Heart size within normal limits. Mild calcification of the aortic XXXX. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1515_IM-0333/0.png", "question_id": 2076, "text": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1515_IM-0333/0.png", "question_id": 2077, "text": "Is there evidence of collapsed lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact."} {"question": "Is the thoracic spine showing any signs of fracture? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1515_IM-0333/0.png", "question_id": 2078, "text": "Is the thoracic spine showing any signs of fracture? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly as evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3123_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 2079, "text": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly as evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. Changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft are identified in the lungs are grossly clear. XXXX right pleural thickening versus XXXX pleural effusion is noted. There is no acute infiltrate. No pneumothorax is seen. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted."} {"question": "Are the patient's lungs appearing clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3123_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 2080, "text": "Are the patient's lungs appearing clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. Changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft are identified in the lungs are grossly clear. XXXX right pleural thickening versus XXXX pleural effusion is noted. There is no acute infiltrate. No pneumothorax is seen. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted."} {"question": "Is there any acute infiltrate observed on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3123_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 2081, "text": "Is there any acute infiltrate observed on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. Changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft are identified in the lungs are grossly clear. XXXX right pleural thickening versus XXXX pleural effusion is noted. There is no acute infiltrate. No pneumothorax is seen. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of mild granulomatous changes? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3123_IM-1468/0.png", "question_id": 2082, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of mild granulomatous changes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is enlarged. Changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft are identified in the lungs are grossly clear. XXXX right pleural thickening versus XXXX pleural effusion is noted. There is no acute infiltrate. No pneumothorax is seen. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted."} {"question": "Is there evidence of intact sternotomy wires on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR679_IM-2251/0.png", "question_id": 2083, "text": "Is there evidence of intact sternotomy wires on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact and unchanged position from prior exam. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR679_IM-2251/0.png", "question_id": 2084, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact and unchanged position from prior exam. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR679_IM-2251/0.png", "question_id": 2085, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact and unchanged position from prior exam. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR679_IM-2251/0.png", "question_id": 2086, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact and unchanged position from prior exam. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the size of the patient's heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1851_IM-0553/0.png", "question_id": 2087, "text": "Is the size of the patient's heart enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1851_IM-0553/0.png", "question_id": 2088, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are there any acute bone fractures or abnormalities observed in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1851_IM-0553/0.png", "question_id": 2089, "text": "Are there any acute bone fractures or abnormalities observed in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Can any tumors or lung masses be identified in the chest X-ray report provided? \n", "answer": "The initial report does not mention tumors or lung masses, but without directly stating their absence, a definitive answer of yes or no cannot be provided based on the information given.", "image": "CXR1851_IM-0553/0.png", "question_id": 2090, "text": "Can any tumors or lung masses be identified in the chest X-ray report provided? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 2091, "text": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 2092, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen."} {"question": "Are there any senescent changes of the spine noticeable on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 2093, "text": "Are there any senescent changes of the spine noticeable on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen."} {"question": "Is there any indication of lung masses or nodules on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 2094, "text": "Is there any indication of lung masses or nodules on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum normally positioned on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes, since there is no mention of any mediastinal shift or abnormality.", "image": "CXR3204_IM-1513/0.png", "question_id": 2095, "text": "Is the mediastinum normally positioned on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Senescent changes of the spine are seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR264_IM-1125/0.png", "question_id": 2096, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. No significant interval change compared to prior study, no XXXX infiltrates noted."} {"question": "Are there any notable changes in the bony structures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR264_IM-1125/0.png", "question_id": 2097, "text": "Are there any notable changes in the bony structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. No significant interval change compared to prior study, no XXXX infiltrates noted."} {"question": "Are there any significant changes when compared to the prior study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR264_IM-1125/0.png", "question_id": 2098, "text": "Are there any significant changes when compared to the prior study? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. No significant interval change compared to prior study, no XXXX infiltrates noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2491_IM-1017/0.png", "question_id": 2099, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2491_IM-1017/0.png", "question_id": 2100, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2491_IM-1017/0.png", "question_id": 2101, "text": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Are there any masses or nodules present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention masses or nodules, therefore, based on the information provided, the answer should be no for the purposes of this question.", "image": "CXR2491_IM-1017/0.png", "question_id": 2102, "text": "Are there any masses or nodules present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "question_id": 2103, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "question_id": 2104, "text": "Is there any suspicious pulmonary opacity visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "question_id": 2105, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "question_id": 2106, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are any abnormal findings noted in the lung fields of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR94_IM-2436/0.png", "question_id": 2107, "text": "Are any abnormal findings noted in the lung fields of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are similar to comparison exam and within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any abnormalities in the cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2148_IM-0767/0.png", "question_id": 2108, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest any abnormalities in the cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2148_IM-0767/0.png", "question_id": 2109, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2148_IM-0767/0.png", "question_id": 2110, "text": "Is the mediastinum abnormally widened on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Are lung opacities present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2148_IM-0767/0.png", "question_id": 2111, "text": "Are lung opacities present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 2112, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact."} {"question": "Are there any focal airspace diseases present? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 2113, "text": "Are there any focal airspace diseases present? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show a stable cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 2114, "text": "Does the X-ray show a stable cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact."} {"question": "Are there any fractures or deformities in the bony structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 2115, "text": "Are there any fractures or deformities in the bony structures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact."} {"question": "Can one confirm chronic granulomatous disease solely based on this X-ray without previous imaging for comparison? \n", "answer": "No (the X-ray is consistent with chronic granulomatous disease, but diagnosis typically requires a combination of clinical, radiographic, and sometimes pathological correlation)", "image": "CXR278_IM-1218/0.png", "question_id": 2116, "text": "Can one confirm chronic granulomatous disease solely based on this X-ray without previous imaging for comparison? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Heart size normal. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures intact."} {"question": "Are there indications of scarring or atelectasis in the lung bases? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "question_id": 2117, "text": "Are there indications of scarring or atelectasis in the lung bases? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib."} {"question": "Are the cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "question_id": 2118, "text": "Are the cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "question_id": 2119, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib."} {"question": "Are there calcified right hilar granuloma present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "question_id": 2120, "text": "Are there calcified right hilar granuloma present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib."} {"question": "Is the curvilinear density along the right costophrenic sulcus most likely a skinfold according to the report? \n", "answer": "Yes. (The answer assumes that \"XXXX\" in the report was meant to indicate \"likely\" or \"probably.\")", "image": "CXR1485_IM-0313/0.png", "question_id": 2121, "text": "Is the curvilinear density along the right costophrenic sulcus most likely a skinfold according to the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Again seen are platelike horizontal opacities in both lung bases through this is consistent with scarring or subsegmental atelectasis. There are T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There there is no lobar pneumonia. There are calcified right hilar granuloma. There are degenerative changes of the XXXX. There is a curvilinear density within and along the right costophrenic sulcus which most XXXX represents a skinfold. There is a unchanged fracture with callus at the left 9th lateral rib."} {"question": "Is the cardiopulmonary silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR164_IM-0419/0.png", "question_id": 2122, "text": "Is the cardiopulmonary silhouette within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any signs of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary effusions) on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR164_IM-0419/0.png", "question_id": 2123, "text": "Are there any signs of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary effusions) on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR164_IM-0419/0.png", "question_id": 2124, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR164_IM-0419/0.png", "question_id": 2125, "text": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "question_id": 2126, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "question_id": 2127, "text": "Is there evidence of a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of mild degenerative changes in the lower thoracic spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "question_id": 2128, "text": "Are there signs of mild degenerative changes in the lower thoracic spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "question_id": 2129, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can this chest X-ray be interpreted as completely normal? \n", "answer": "No, due to the mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine.", "image": "CXR2773_IM-1214/0.png", "question_id": 2130, "text": "Can this chest X-ray be interpreted as completely normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate any acute abnormality in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 2131, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image indicate any acute abnormality in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged"} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 2132, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged"} {"question": "Does the patient have pronounced tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the term \"mild tortuosity\" implies it's not pronounced).", "image": "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 2133, "text": "Does the patient have pronounced tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged"} {"question": "Is there evidence of fluid in the pleural spaces on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 2134, "text": "Is there evidence of fluid in the pleural spaces on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged"} {"question": "Is there an indication of pulmonary edema in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (normal pulmonary vascularity suggests no edema).", "image": "CXR460_IM-2090/0.png", "question_id": 2135, "text": "Is there an indication of pulmonary edema in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, unchanged"} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3898_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 2136, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette of the patient within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3898_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 2137, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Is the overall appearance of the chest X-ray suggesting any abnormality? \n", "answer": "No, based on the normal findings described.", "image": "CXR3898_IM-1978/0.png", "question_id": 2138, "text": "Is the overall appearance of the chest X-ray suggesting any abnormality? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1409_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 2139, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1409_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 2140, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Are there any large pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1409_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 2141, "text": "Are there any large pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any immediate cardiac concerns? \n", "answer": "No, since the heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are described as grossly unremarkable.", "image": "CXR1409_IM-0260/0.png", "question_id": 2142, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any immediate cardiac concerns? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable. No large pleural effusions."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of acute lung pathology? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 2143, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of acute lung pathology? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal as seen on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 2144, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal as seen on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 2145, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 2146, "text": "Are there signs of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2078_IM-0710/0.png", "question_id": 2147, "text": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size range? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "question_id": 2148, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size range? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease within the lungs? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "question_id": 2149, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease within the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "question_id": 2150, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any lung opacities? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "question_id": 2151, "text": "Is the chest X-ray clear of any lung opacities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the lung volume within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (based on the report implying clear lungs, though lung volume is not directly mentioned)", "image": "CXR1236_IM-0158/0.png", "question_id": 2152, "text": "Is the lung volume within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3798_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 2153, "text": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Patchy right lower lung opacification is noted."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3798_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 2154, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Patchy right lower lung opacification is noted."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3798_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 2155, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Patchy right lower lung opacification is noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (Because there is patchy right lower lung opacification.)", "image": "CXR3798_IM-1911/0.png", "question_id": 2156, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Patchy right lower lung opacification is noted."} {"question": "Does the patient have a heart that is enlarged on their chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3997_IM-2048/0.png", "question_id": 2157, "text": "Does the patient have a heart that is enlarged on their chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Small, nodular opacity in the right upper lobe. This does not look like an acute infiltrate, and more XXXX represents a granuloma. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the small nodular opacity in the right upper lobe likely represent an acute condition? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3997_IM-2048/0.png", "question_id": 2158, "text": "Does the small nodular opacity in the right upper lobe likely represent an acute condition? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Small, nodular opacity in the right upper lobe. This does not look like an acute infiltrate, and more XXXX represents a granuloma. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3997_IM-2048/0.png", "question_id": 2159, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Small, nodular opacity in the right upper lobe. This does not look like an acute infiltrate, and more XXXX represents a granuloma. No pneumothorax or effusions."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of interstitial changes in the left lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "question_id": 2160, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of interstitial changes in the left lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine."} {"question": "Did the chest X-ray reveal hyperinflation in the patient's lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "question_id": 2161, "text": "Did the chest X-ray reveal hyperinflation in the patient's lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "question_id": 2162, "text": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate abnormalities in the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "question_id": 2163, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate abnormalities in the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show changes in the right middle lobe that could suggest fibrosis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2478_IM-1007/0.png", "question_id": 2164, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show changes in the right middle lobe that could suggest fibrosis? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There your regular interstitial changes and possibly fibrosis in the left mid and lower lung zone and region of the right middle lobe. Hyperinflation is present. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no evidence for pleural effusion. The heart is not enlarged. Mediastinum is normal. There are arthritic changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal for the anteroposterior (AP) view? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1413_IM-0263/0.png", "question_id": 2165, "text": "Is the heart size normal for the anteroposterior (AP) view? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits for AP technique. Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal infiltrate. No visible pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of increased bronchovascular markings? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1413_IM-0263/0.png", "question_id": 2166, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of increased bronchovascular markings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits for AP technique. Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal infiltrate. No visible pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1413_IM-0263/0.png", "question_id": 2167, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits for AP technique. Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal infiltrate. No visible pneumothorax. No pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3379_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 2168, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Borderline cardiomegaly. Minimal retrocardiac airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Can we conclude that the patient has normal heart size from the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3379_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 2169, "text": "Can we conclude that the patient has normal heart size from the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Borderline cardiomegaly. Minimal retrocardiac airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are any fractures or abnormalities observed in the bony structures on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3379_IM-1627/0.png", "question_id": 2170, "text": "Are any fractures or abnormalities observed in the bony structures on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Borderline cardiomegaly. Minimal retrocardiac airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "question_id": 2171, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of minimal opacities at the left lung base on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "question_id": 2172, "text": "Is there any evidence of minimal opacities at the left lung base on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Did the radiologist find any pleural effusions on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "question_id": 2173, "text": "Did the radiologist find any pleural effusions on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Has the patient demonstrated full inspiration on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "question_id": 2174, "text": "Has the patient demonstrated full inspiration on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Are there any signs of consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report only mentions \"minimal left basilar opacities,\" which does not specifically indicate consolidation, so the answer should be based on a more detailed report or image review. However, based on the limited information given, the answer would be No, unless otherwise proven by additional imaging or clinical correlation.", "image": "CXR3442_IM-1667/0.png", "question_id": 2175, "text": "Are there any signs of consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Low lung volumes with minimal left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions."} {"question": "Has there been any new development in the heart and lungs since the last interval? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1034_IM-0028/0.png", "question_id": 2176, "text": "Has there been any new development in the heart and lungs since the last interval? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Right middle lobe calcified granuloma is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum unchanged. No change hiatus hernia."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1034_IM-0028/0.png", "question_id": 2177, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung collapse on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Right middle lobe calcified granuloma is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum unchanged. No change hiatus hernia."} {"question": "Is there any new abnormality in the heart size or mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1034_IM-0028/0.png", "question_id": 2178, "text": "Is there any new abnormality in the heart size or mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Right middle lobe calcified granuloma is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum unchanged. No change hiatus hernia."} {"question": "Is there any sign of fluid in the lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1034_IM-0028/0.png", "question_id": 2179, "text": "Is there any sign of fluid in the lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Right middle lobe calcified granuloma is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum unchanged. No change hiatus hernia."} {"question": "Does the patient have a heart size that is within normal limits based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2180, "text": "Does the patient have a heart size that is within normal limits based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right PICC line is in XXXX. The tip has moved into the left innominate vein. There has been interval development of several ill-defined focal opacities in the left and right mid lung zones. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is there a PICC line present on the right side in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2181, "text": "Is there a PICC line present on the right side in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right PICC line is in XXXX. The tip has moved into the left innominate vein. There has been interval development of several ill-defined focal opacities in the left and right mid lung zones. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Can we observe any ill-defined focal opacities in the mid lung zones on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2182, "text": "Can we observe any ill-defined focal opacities in the mid lung zones on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right PICC line is in XXXX. The tip has moved into the left innominate vein. There has been interval development of several ill-defined focal opacities in the left and right mid lung zones. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR681_IM-2252-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2183, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right PICC line is in XXXX. The tip has moved into the left innominate vein. There has been interval development of several ill-defined focal opacities in the left and right mid lung zones. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any evidence of lung infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "question_id": 2184, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any evidence of lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there any presence of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "question_id": 2185, "text": "Is there any presence of pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "question_id": 2186, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, based on the reported normal size and contour of the heart and absence of pleural effusions.", "image": "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "question_id": 2187, "text": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Does the patient have a widened mediastinum according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR721_IM-2282/0.png", "question_id": 2188, "text": "Does the patient have a widened mediastinum according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of having a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "question_id": 2189, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of having a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is there evidence of acute bone fractures or abnormalities in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "question_id": 2190, "text": "Is there evidence of acute bone fractures or abnormalities in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Are diffuse interstitial opacities present in both lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "question_id": 2191, "text": "Are diffuse interstitial opacities present in both lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Has the patient experienced an increase in heart size compared to previous images, based on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming there are previous images indicating a stable heart size and there's no change mentioned)", "image": "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "question_id": 2192, "text": "Has the patient experienced an increase in heart size compared to previous images, based on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray completely normal without any abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1914_IM-0595/0.png", "question_id": 2193, "text": "Is the chest X-ray completely normal without any abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable heart size. Diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. No acute bony abnormalities."} {"question": "Does the patient have an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to previous imaging? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "question_id": 2194, "text": "Does the patient have an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to previous imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes."} {"question": "Can external cardiac monitor leads be seen on the X-ray images? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "question_id": 2195, "text": "Can external cardiac monitor leads be seen on the X-ray images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes."} {"question": "Is the aortic arch approximately 5 cm in diameter? \n", "answer": "No (The report mentions an unspecified part of the aorta with this measurement, not the arch specifically).", "image": "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "question_id": 2196, "text": "Is the aortic arch approximately 5 cm in diameter? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes."} {"question": "Does the patient exhibit biapical scarring? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "question_id": 2197, "text": "Does the patient exhibit biapical scarring? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR628_IM-2208/0.png", "question_id": 2198, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Cardiac silhouette at the upper limits of normal in size. Tortuous ectatic aorta. The aortic XXXX is near 5 cm in diameter. There is a retrocardiac left paraspinal bulge concerning for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. There is biapical scarring. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. XXXX spine spondylitic changes."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR368_IM-1832/0.png", "question_id": 2199, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Are the lungs free from any acute pathological findings? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR368_IM-1832/0.png", "question_id": 2200, "text": "Are the lungs free from any acute pathological findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR368_IM-1832/0.png", "question_id": 2201, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality detected in the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR368_IM-1832/0.png", "question_id": 2202, "text": "Is there any abnormality detected in the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/0.png", "question_id": 2203, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is right paratracheal density concerning for lymphadenopathy. There are patchy right upper lobe streaky opacities. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can patchy streaky opacities be observed in the right upper lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/0.png", "question_id": 2204, "text": "Can patchy streaky opacities be observed in the right upper lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is right paratracheal density concerning for lymphadenopathy. There are patchy right upper lobe streaky opacities. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/0.png", "question_id": 2205, "text": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is right paratracheal density concerning for lymphadenopathy. There are patchy right upper lobe streaky opacities. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2843_IM-1254-1001/0.png", "question_id": 2206, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is right paratracheal density concerning for lymphadenopathy. There are patchy right upper lobe streaky opacities. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "question_id": 2207, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any focal air space consolidation visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "question_id": 2208, "text": "Is there any focal air space consolidation visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "question_id": 2209, "text": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of a lung infection on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on the report, no air space consolidation is reported, which usually indicates infection)", "image": "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "question_id": 2210, "text": "Does the patient show signs of a lung infection on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of chronic spinal changes such as osteophytes on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR383_IM-1932/0.png", "question_id": 2211, "text": "Are there any signs of chronic spinal changes such as osteophytes on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Has the right central venous line been removed? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "question_id": 2212, "text": "Has the right central venous line been removed? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is there an indication of increased pulmonary vascularity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "question_id": 2213, "text": "Is there an indication of increased pulmonary vascularity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Could the bandlike opacities indicate scarring? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "question_id": 2214, "text": "Could the bandlike opacities indicate scarring? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "question_id": 2215, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal airspace disease on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1393_IM-0251/0.png", "question_id": 2216, "text": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right central venous line has been removed. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A few bandlike opacities are present at the lateral left base. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No discrete nodules are identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal range on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (although at the upper limits of normal).", "image": "CXR3816_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 2217, "text": "Is the heart size within normal range on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. No non-calcified nodules are identified."} {"question": "Are there signs of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3816_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 2218, "text": "Are there signs of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. No non-calcified nodules are identified."} {"question": "Does the pulmonary vascularity appear abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3816_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 2219, "text": "Does the pulmonary vascularity appear abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. No non-calcified nodules are identified."} {"question": "Can degenerative changes in the spine be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3816_IM-1925/0.png", "question_id": 2220, "text": "Can degenerative changes in the spine be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. No non-calcified nodules are identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3522_IM-1720/0.png", "question_id": 2221, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3522_IM-1720/0.png", "question_id": 2222, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there any visible enlargement of the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3522_IM-1720/0.png", "question_id": 2223, "text": "Is there any visible enlargement of the mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show any mass within the lung fields? \n", "answer": "No information on masses is provided in the report, but since the lungs are reported as clear, it's implied that no mass is visible.", "image": "CXR3522_IM-1720/0.png", "question_id": 2224, "text": "Does the X-ray show any mass within the lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a potential sternal fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "question_id": 2225, "text": "Is there evidence of a potential sternal fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs."} {"question": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "question_id": 2226, "text": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs."} {"question": "Can you confirm the presence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "question_id": 2227, "text": "Can you confirm the presence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs."} {"question": "Does the patient have a lung opacity that could suggest the presence of pneumonia in the left lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming the streaky opacity is indeed atelectasis as mentioned)", "image": "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "question_id": 2228, "text": "Does the patient have a lung opacity that could suggest the presence of pneumonia in the left lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs."} {"question": "Is there an indication of thoracic kyphosis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1739_IM-0487/0.png", "question_id": 2229, "text": "Is there an indication of thoracic kyphosis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is a cortical irregularity along the anterior margin of the sternum. In addition, there is a focal retrosternal hypodense convexity. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is torturous however the mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is streaky XXXX opacity within the left lung base XXXX representing atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is hyperinflation of the lungs."} {"question": "Is the heart size reported to be abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR659_IM-2235/0.png", "question_id": 2230, "text": "Is the heart size reported to be abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Low lung volumes with no focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. Moderate degenerative disc disease in the midthoracic spine."} {"question": "Are the lung volumes described as normal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR659_IM-2235/0.png", "question_id": 2231, "text": "Are the lung volumes described as normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Low lung volumes with no focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. Moderate degenerative disc disease in the midthoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR659_IM-2235/0.png", "question_id": 2232, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Low lung volumes with no focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. Moderate degenerative disc disease in the midthoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have moderate degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR659_IM-2235/0.png", "question_id": 2233, "text": "Does the patient have moderate degenerative changes in the thoracic spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. Low lung volumes with no focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion. Moderate degenerative disc disease in the midthoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any new abnormality observed in the heart and lungs since the last chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "question_id": 2234, "text": "Is there any new abnormality observed in the heart and lungs since the last chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "question_id": 2235, "text": "Is there evidence of lung collapse or atelectasis on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "question_id": 2236, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "question_id": 2237, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3578_IM-1758/0.png", "question_id": 2238, "text": "Is there any indication of enlarged lymph nodes in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2130_IM-0755/0.png", "question_id": 2239, "text": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. There is interstitial pulmonary edema with the presence of XXXX B-lines. There is no pneumothorax. There is an oval, 17 mm nodular opacity projecting between the posterior left 5th and 6th ribs. There is a 10 mm nodular density projecting over the right posterior 4th rib. There is a XXXX posterior effusion. Normal mediastinal silhouette. T-spine osteophytes."} {"question": "Does the patient have pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2130_IM-0755/0.png", "question_id": 2240, "text": "Does the patient have pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. There is interstitial pulmonary edema with the presence of XXXX B-lines. There is no pneumothorax. There is an oval, 17 mm nodular opacity projecting between the posterior left 5th and 6th ribs. There is a 10 mm nodular density projecting over the right posterior 4th rib. There is a XXXX posterior effusion. Normal mediastinal silhouette. T-spine osteophytes."} {"question": "Is there a nodular density over the right posterior 4th rib on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2130_IM-0755/0.png", "question_id": 2241, "text": "Is there a nodular density over the right posterior 4th rib on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. There is interstitial pulmonary edema with the presence of XXXX B-lines. There is no pneumothorax. There is an oval, 17 mm nodular opacity projecting between the posterior left 5th and 6th ribs. There is a 10 mm nodular density projecting over the right posterior 4th rib. There is a XXXX posterior effusion. Normal mediastinal silhouette. T-spine osteophytes."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2130_IM-0755/0.png", "question_id": 2242, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. There is interstitial pulmonary edema with the presence of XXXX B-lines. There is no pneumothorax. There is an oval, 17 mm nodular opacity projecting between the posterior left 5th and 6th ribs. There is a 10 mm nodular density projecting over the right posterior 4th rib. There is a XXXX posterior effusion. Normal mediastinal silhouette. T-spine osteophytes."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3609_IM-1782/0.png", "question_id": 2243, "text": "Does the patient show signs of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated."} {"question": "Is there evidence of abnormal pulmonary vasculature on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3609_IM-1782/0.png", "question_id": 2244, "text": "Is there evidence of abnormal pulmonary vasculature on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated."} {"question": "Is there pleural fluid present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3609_IM-1782/0.png", "question_id": 2245, "text": "Is there pleural fluid present in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3609_IM-1782/0.png", "question_id": 2246, "text": "Is there evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There is borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated."} {"question": "Is the heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "question_id": 2247, "text": "Is the heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there signs of enlarged pulmonary vessels on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "question_id": 2248, "text": "Are there signs of enlarged pulmonary vessels on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "question_id": 2249, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the report indicate any lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "question_id": 2250, "text": "Does the report indicate any lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the image suggest the patient may have congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1523_IM-0339/0.png", "question_id": 2251, "text": "Does the image suggest the patient may have congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "question_id": 2252, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show active granulomatous disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "question_id": 2253, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show active granulomatous disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal previously healed rib fractures? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "question_id": 2254, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal previously healed rib fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a focal opacity be seen in the left midlung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "question_id": 2255, "text": "Can a focal opacity be seen in the left midlung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2138_IM-0760/0.png", "question_id": 2256, "text": "Is pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous thoracic aorta. Prior granulomatous disease. Healed rib fractures appear stable. Focal opacity is noted in the left midlung overlying the 9th posterior rib which XXXX represents healing rib callus. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "question_id": 2257, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Are there any pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "question_id": 2258, "text": "Are there any pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Do the bones appear damaged or fractured on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "question_id": 2259, "text": "Do the bones appear damaged or fractured on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is there any indication of fluid overload or heart failure on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "question_id": 2260, "text": "Is there any indication of fluid overload or heart failure on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the diaphragm visible and in a normal position on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (Assuming that since the report does not mention any abnormality, it is within normal limits.)", "image": "CXR261_IM-1100/0.png", "question_id": 2261, "text": "Is the diaphragm visible and in a normal position on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "question_id": 2262, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a new nodule in the right upper lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "question_id": 2263, "text": "Is there evidence of a new nodule in the right upper lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear."} {"question": "Are there any indications of lung congestion or fluid in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "question_id": 2264, "text": "Are there any indications of lung congestion or fluid in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a clear delineation of lung fields without infiltrates? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "question_id": 2265, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a clear delineation of lung fields without infiltrates? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear."} {"question": "On the chest X-ray, is the nodule in the right upper lung larger than in previous images? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1640_IM-0420/0.png", "question_id": 2266, "text": "On the chest X-ray, is the nodule in the right upper lung larger than in previous images? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule in the right upper lung is stable. The lungs are otherwise clear."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of lung hyperexpansion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2267, "text": "Does the patient show signs of lung hyperexpansion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2268, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any presence of large pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2269, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate any presence of large pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Can we see any acute bony abnormalities on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2270, "text": "Can we see any acute bony abnormalities on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Is the right-sided atelectasis more prominent than the left-sided atelectasis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1919_IM-0598/0.png", "question_id": 2271, "text": "Is the right-sided atelectasis more prominent than the left-sided atelectasis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperexpansion of the lungs with hyperlucency and flattening of hemidiaphragms suggestive of chronic emphysematous lung disease. Heart size within normal limits. Bibasilar, right greater than left atelectasis/airspace disease noted. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR421_IM-2064/0.png", "question_id": 2272, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Negative for pneumoperitoneum."} {"question": "Are there signs of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR421_IM-2064/0.png", "question_id": 2273, "text": "Are there signs of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Negative for pneumoperitoneum."} {"question": "Is there any noticeable abnormality in the bony structures of the chest on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR421_IM-2064/0.png", "question_id": 2274, "text": "Is there any noticeable abnormality in the bony structures of the chest on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Negative for pneumoperitoneum."} {"question": "Is there any air under the diaphragm that would indicate a pneumoperitoneum on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR421_IM-2064/0.png", "question_id": 2275, "text": "Is there any air under the diaphragm that would indicate a pneumoperitoneum on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Negative for pneumoperitoneum."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 2276, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 2277, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of bone fractures in the thorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 2278, "text": "Are there any signs of bone fractures in the thorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (an unremarkable cardiomediastinal silhouette suggests no obvious enlargement)", "image": "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 2279, "text": "Are there any signs of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the osseous structures are said to be without acute abnormality)", "image": "CXR1853_IM-0555/0.png", "question_id": 2280, "text": "Is there evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits according to the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "question_id": 2281, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits according to the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Can signs of thoracic spine degeneration be observed in the patient? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "question_id": 2282, "text": "Can signs of thoracic spine degeneration be observed in the patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible pulmonary nodules on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "question_id": 2283, "text": "Does the patient have any visible pulmonary nodules on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are there indications of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "question_id": 2284, "text": "Are there indications of congestive heart failure in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) apparent in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR97_IM-2460/0.png", "question_id": 2285, "text": "Are signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) apparent in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2787_IM-1222/0.png", "question_id": 2286, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Can airspace consolidation be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2787_IM-1222/0.png", "question_id": 2287, "text": "Can airspace consolidation be seen on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculature markings abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2787_IM-1222/0.png", "question_id": 2288, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculature markings abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show consolidation in both lower lobes? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "question_id": 2289, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show consolidation in both lower lobes? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show normal heart size and pulmonary vasculature? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "question_id": 2290, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show normal heart size and pulmonary vasculature? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates."} {"question": "Has the consolidation and blunting in the chest X-ray resolved since the last imaging? \n", "answer": "No (since the report states the consolidation and blunting persist)", "image": "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "question_id": 2291, "text": "Has the consolidation and blunting in the chest X-ray resolved since the last imaging? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates."} {"question": "Are the abnormalities seen in the upper lobes of the lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report specifically mentions abnormalities in the lower lobes)", "image": "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "question_id": 2292, "text": "Are the abnormalities seen in the upper lobes of the lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates."} {"question": "Is cardiac enlargement observed on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the heart appears normal according to the report)", "image": "CXR2608_IM-1098/0.png", "question_id": 2293, "text": "Is cardiac enlargement observed on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Consolidation and costophrenic XXXX blunting persists in both lower lobes. Heart and pulmonary XXXX remain normal. No XXXX infiltrates."} {"question": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming \"XXXX XXXX\" indicates 'no significant changes').", "image": "CXR2108_IM-0738/0.png", "question_id": 2294, "text": "Has there been any interval change in the heart and lungs since the last X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are both lungs fully expanded? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2108_IM-0738/0.png", "question_id": 2295, "text": "Are both lungs fully expanded? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2108_IM-0738/0.png", "question_id": 2296, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Can any pleural effusion be detected on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2108_IM-0738/0.png", "question_id": 2297, "text": "Can any pleural effusion be detected on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "question_id": 2298, "text": "Is the heart size within the normal range on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the report indicate the presence of a left pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "question_id": 2299, "text": "Does the report indicate the presence of a left pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient\u2019s chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "question_id": 2300, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the patient\u2019s chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there a note of any abnormality with the right lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "question_id": 2301, "text": "Is there a note of any abnormality with the right lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Based on the report, is the left pleural effusion described as small? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3846_IM-1946/0.png", "question_id": 2302, "text": "Based on the report, is the left pleural effusion described as small? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The right lung is clear. There is a recurrence moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Limited right base stringy density compatible with atelectasis. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR450_IM-2082/0.png", "question_id": 2303, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR450_IM-2082/0.png", "question_id": 2304, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted within the cardio mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR450_IM-2082/0.png", "question_id": 2305, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted within the cardio mediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Heart size normal. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of lung congestion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "question_id": 2306, "text": "Does the patient show signs of lung congestion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "question_id": 2307, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality detected in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "question_id": 2308, "text": "Is there any abnormality detected in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, the report does not mention any fluid accumulation.", "image": "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "question_id": 2309, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is it necessary to perform additional imaging for a suspected pneumothorax based on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No, since the report explicitly states there is no pneumothorax.", "image": "CXR3173_IM-1495/0.png", "question_id": 2310, "text": "Is it necessary to perform additional imaging for a suspected pneumothorax based on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "question_id": 2311, "text": "Does the patient have evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any visible abnormality in the heart size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "question_id": 2312, "text": "Is there any visible abnormality in the heart size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "question_id": 2313, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "question_id": 2314, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1681_IM-0448/0.png", "question_id": 2315, "text": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR352_IM-1718/0.png", "question_id": 2316, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The trachea is midline. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal pulmonary consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR352_IM-1718/0.png", "question_id": 2317, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal pulmonary consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The trachea is midline. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR352_IM-1718/0.png", "question_id": 2318, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The trachea is midline. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart as noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since \"cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits\" implies a normal-sized heart)", "image": "CXR352_IM-1718/0.png", "question_id": 2319, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart as noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The trachea is midline. No focal pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there an opacity in the left lower lobe on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "question_id": 2320, "text": "Is there an opacity in the left lower lobe on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "question_id": 2321, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question": "Have the mediastinal contours been described as remarkable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "question_id": 2322, "text": "Have the mediastinal contours been described as remarkable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there mention of any pleural effusion in the report? \n", "answer": "No (based on the information provided)", "image": "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "question_id": 2323, "text": "Is there mention of any pleural effusion in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is it indicated that the chest X-ray was completely normal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3519_IM-1717/0.png", "question_id": 2324, "text": "Is it indicated that the chest X-ray was completely normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Large left lower lobe opacity is present. There does not appear to be significant mediastinal shift. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not definitively identified and not fully evaluated. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3589_IM-1767/0.png", "question_id": 2325, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal contour within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity stable and within normal limits. Lung volumes are slightly low. There are streaky left basal opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. No free air is demonstrated."} {"question": "Are the lung volumes on the X-ray image considered to be normal? \n", "answer": "No (they are described as slightly low)", "image": "CXR3589_IM-1767/0.png", "question_id": 2326, "text": "Are the lung volumes on the X-ray image considered to be normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity stable and within normal limits. Lung volumes are slightly low. There are streaky left basal opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. No free air is demonstrated."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3589_IM-1767/0.png", "question_id": 2327, "text": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity stable and within normal limits. Lung volumes are slightly low. There are streaky left basal opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. No free air is demonstrated."} {"question": "Has the patient suffered from any acute bone injuries according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (no acute osseous findings are reported)", "image": "CXR3589_IM-1767/0.png", "question_id": 2328, "text": "Has the patient suffered from any acute bone injuries according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity stable and within normal limits. Lung volumes are slightly low. There are streaky left basal opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous findings. No free air is demonstrated."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of hyperinflated lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 2329, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of hyperinflated lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Can a definite pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 2330, "text": "Can a definite pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 2331, "text": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a lung mass in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on the provided information).", "image": "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 2332, "text": "Is there any evidence of a lung mass in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Are there findings consistent with pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1685_IM-0449/0.png", "question_id": 2333, "text": "Are there findings consistent with pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- Yes.", "image": "CXR3180_IM-1500/0.png", "question_id": 2334, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Are there any signs of a lung infection, such as an infiltrate, present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3180_IM-1500/0.png", "question_id": 2335, "text": "Are there any signs of a lung infection, such as an infiltrate, present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Can any fluid accumulation be seen within the pleural spaces of the lungs on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3180_IM-1500/0.png", "question_id": 2336, "text": "Can any fluid accumulation be seen within the pleural spaces of the lungs on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Is there any indication of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "- No.", "image": "CXR3180_IM-1500/0.png", "question_id": 2337, "text": "Is there any indication of heart enlargement on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of a pneumothrax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2733_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 2338, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any sign of a pneumothrax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bibasilar airspace opacities, right greater than left. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Are there any bibasilar airspace opacities evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2733_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 2339, "text": "Are there any bibasilar airspace opacities evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bibasilar airspace opacities, right greater than left. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2733_IM-1189/0.png", "question_id": 2340, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusions on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bibasilar airspace opacities, right greater than left. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "question_id": 2341, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "question_id": 2342, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen."} {"question": "Is the right side more affected by the increased interstitial markings than the left? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "question_id": 2343, "text": "Is the right side more affected by the increased interstitial markings than the left? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen."} {"question": "Could the opacity over the heart represent a chronic condition? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "question_id": 2344, "text": "Could the opacity over the heart represent a chronic condition? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen."} {"question": "Is atelectasis or scarring suggested by the chest X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR699_IM-2263/0.png", "question_id": 2345, "text": "Is atelectasis or scarring suggested by the chest X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal contours. Increased interstitial markings in the central lungs and bases, right greater than left. XXXX opacity on the lateral view over the heart also present on the previous exam suggesting chronic subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. No definite pleural effusion seen."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3849_IM-1947/0.png", "question_id": 2346, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Degenerative disease is seen in the thoracic spine and left XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3849_IM-1947/0.png", "question_id": 2347, "text": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Degenerative disease is seen in the thoracic spine and left XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Is there degenerative disease visible in the thoracic spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3849_IM-1947/0.png", "question_id": 2348, "text": "Is there degenerative disease visible in the thoracic spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Degenerative disease is seen in the thoracic spine and left XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiac silhouette size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "question_id": 2349, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiac silhouette size on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear."} {"question": "Can we observe an air-fluid level at the right base of the lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes. (Please note the \"XXXX\" may indicate some missing or obscured text which could change the context of what is observed.)", "image": "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "question_id": 2350, "text": "Can we observe an air-fluid level at the right base of the lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear."} {"question": "Are both costophrenic angles sharp and clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "question_id": 2351, "text": "Are both costophrenic angles sharp and clear on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear."} {"question": "Does the lateral view of the chest X-ray show any pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "Inconclusive with the data provided (since the right base shows an air-fluid level, it would suggest a pleural effusion, but the lateral view specifics are not provided).", "image": "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "question_id": 2352, "text": "Does the lateral view of the chest X-ray show any pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of a complete pneumothorax on the right side? \n", "answer": "No. (Presence of blunted right costophrenic sulcus and air-fluid level suggests a collection and not a complete pneumothorax)", "image": "CXR2616_IM-1106/0.png", "question_id": 2353, "text": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of a complete pneumothorax on the right side? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sulcus is blunted. There is an the right base XXXX/fluid level. The left lung is clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of lung infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "question_id": 2354, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "question_id": 2355, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Are atherosclerotic changes evident in the aorta on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "question_id": 2356, "text": "Are atherosclerotic changes evident in the aorta on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention a rib fracture, so based on the report, the answer is no.", "image": "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "question_id": 2357, "text": "Is there any indication of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear costophrenic angles? \n", "answer": "The absence of pleural effusion suggests that the costophrenic angles are likely clear, so the answer is yes.", "image": "CXR745_IM-2299/0.png", "question_id": 2358, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear costophrenic angles? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted."} {"question": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2359, "text": "Is there evidence of lung consolidation on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Are there any abnormal findings in the mediastinum in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2360, "text": "Are there any abnormal findings in the mediastinum in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of a pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2361, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of a pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray detected any lung masses? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2362, "text": "Has the chest X-ray detected any lung masses? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there an indication of a hiatal hernia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (The report mentions the mediastinum is unremarkable, which usually includes the evaluation of a hiatal hernia, but it might not be definitive.)", "image": "CXR1011_IM-0013/0.png", "question_id": 2363, "text": "Is there an indication of a hiatal hernia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2052_IM-0690/0.png", "question_id": 2364, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Scattered granulomatous changes. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax is unremarkable"} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient's heart size is enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2052_IM-0690/0.png", "question_id": 2365, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient's heart size is enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Scattered granulomatous changes. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax is unremarkable"} {"question": "Can scattered granulomatous changes be seen in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2052_IM-0690/0.png", "question_id": 2366, "text": "Can scattered granulomatous changes be seen in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Scattered granulomatous changes. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax is unremarkable"} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the bony thorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2052_IM-0690/0.png", "question_id": 2367, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the bony thorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Scattered granulomatous changes. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax is unremarkable"} {"question": "Are the lungs free of any focal consolidations? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "question_id": 2368, "text": "Are the lungs free of any focal consolidations? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "question_id": 2369, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can any acute abnormalities be seen in the thoracic bones on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "question_id": 2370, "text": "Can any acute abnormalities be seen in the thoracic bones on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a collapsed lung? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "question_id": 2371, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a collapsed lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (as implied by \"unremarkable\").", "image": "CXR2529_IM-1044/0.png", "question_id": 2372, "text": "Is the size of the heart within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Has there been a noted increase in the size of the thoracic aorta since the last examination? \n", "answer": "No (the report mentions \"stable ectasia\" which implies there has been no change)", "image": "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "question_id": 2373, "text": "Has there been a noted increase in the size of the thoracic aorta since the last examination? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Are the heart size and mediastinal silhouette indicative of abnormality? \n", "answer": "No (the report describes them as \"within normal limits for contour\")", "image": "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "question_id": 2374, "text": "Are the heart size and mediastinal silhouette indicative of abnormality? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Does this patient have large pleural effusions according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (the report mentions \"Bilateral small pleural effusions\")", "image": "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "question_id": 2375, "text": "Does this patient have large pleural effusions according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Has there been any change to the wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies since the previous radiographs? \n", "answer": "No (described as \"stable\" in the report)", "image": "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "question_id": 2376, "text": "Has there been any change to the wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies since the previous radiographs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the lower lung fields in this patient? \n", "answer": "Yes (the presence of \"bibasilar airspace opacities\" indicates an abnormality in the lower lung fields)", "image": "CXR2074_IM-0708/0.png", "question_id": 2377, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the lower lung fields in this patient? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Low lung volumes. Stable ectasia of the thoracic aorta. Stable right upper mediastinal Bilateral small pleural effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax. Stable wedging of the anterior thoracic vertebral bodies."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3294_IM-1573/0.png", "question_id": 2378, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. A calcified granuloma is identified in the right middle lobe. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Can a calcified granuloma be seen in the right middle lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3294_IM-1573/0.png", "question_id": 2379, "text": "Can a calcified granuloma be seen in the right middle lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. A calcified granuloma is identified in the right middle lobe. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3294_IM-1573/0.png", "question_id": 2380, "text": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. A calcified granuloma is identified in the right middle lobe. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Does the thoracic spine appear compromised or damaged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3294_IM-1573/0.png", "question_id": 2381, "text": "Does the thoracic spine appear compromised or damaged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. A calcified granuloma is identified in the right middle lobe. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute displaced rib fractures."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "question_id": 2382, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show any evidence of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "question_id": 2383, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality in the mediastinal contour evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "question_id": 2384, "text": "Is there any abnormality in the mediastinal contour evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show signs consistent with pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "question_id": 2385, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show signs consistent with pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Are there any signs of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation, on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR543_IM-2148/0.png", "question_id": 2386, "text": "Are there any signs of chronic lung disease, such as hyperinflation, on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified."} {"question": "Does the X-ray image show multiple pulmonary nodules in both lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2387, "text": "Does the X-ray image show multiple pulmonary nodules in both lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. For example, there is a 12 mm left lower lobe nodule, XXXX seen on the frontal view. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The left hilar contour is prominent. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Can the 12 mm nodule in the left lower lobe be seen on the frontal view? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2388, "text": "Can the 12 mm nodule in the left lower lobe be seen on the frontal view? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. For example, there is a 12 mm left lower lobe nodule, XXXX seen on the frontal view. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The left hilar contour is prominent. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2389, "text": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. For example, there is a 12 mm left lower lobe nodule, XXXX seen on the frontal view. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The left hilar contour is prominent. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the left hilar contour considered normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3000_IM-1386-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2390, "text": "Is the left hilar contour considered normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. For example, there is a 12 mm left lower lobe nodule, XXXX seen on the frontal view. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The left hilar contour is prominent. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show evidence of bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "question_id": 2391, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show evidence of bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity."} {"question": "Is there an indication of a stable mild heart enlargement on the current chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "question_id": 2392, "text": "Is there an indication of a stable mild heart enlargement on the current chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity."} {"question": "Is the prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum similar to that seen in exams performed in previous years notated as \"XXXX\"? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "question_id": 2393, "text": "Is the prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum similar to that seen in exams performed in previous years notated as \"XXXX\"? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "question_id": 2394, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity."} {"question": "Does the focal opacity in the left upper lobe most likely represent scarring, according to the report? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR2259_IM-0850/0.png", "question_id": 2395, "text": "Does the focal opacity in the left upper lobe most likely represent scarring, according to the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Bilateral glenohumeral degenerative joint disease. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stable mild heart enlargement.Prominence of soft tissue density in the upper mediastinum. It is increased from most recent prior exam on XXXX. However, it appears similar compared to XXXX exams performed in XXXX. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Focal opacity in the left upper lobe XXXX represents scarring or related to overlying rib opacity."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1180_IM-0123/0.png", "question_id": 2396, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show an enlarged heart? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity to the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Can mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta be observed in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1180_IM-0123/0.png", "question_id": 2397, "text": "Can mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta be observed in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity to the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1180_IM-0123/0.png", "question_id": 2398, "text": "Is a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity to the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Are there any discrete pulmonary nodules or signs of adenopathy indicated in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1180_IM-0123/0.png", "question_id": 2399, "text": "Are there any discrete pulmonary nodules or signs of adenopathy indicated in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity to the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR106_IM-0042/0.png", "question_id": 2400, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity increased on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR106_IM-0042/0.png", "question_id": 2401, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity increased on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Can any pleural effusions be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR106_IM-0042/0.png", "question_id": 2402, "text": "Can any pleural effusions be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lung fields? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR106_IM-0042/0.png", "question_id": 2403, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show clear lung fields? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "question_id": 2404, "text": "Is there evidence of an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "question_id": 2405, "text": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "question_id": 2406, "text": "Are there any signs of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the calcified granuloma noted on the chest X-ray a new finding? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "question_id": 2407, "text": "Is the calcified granuloma noted on the chest X-ray a new finding? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Have the degenerative changes of the thoracic spine worsened recently based on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report only mentions that the changes are stable, so new X-rays would be required to definitively answer whether they have worsened recently or not, but based on the report alone, the assumption is No.", "image": "CXR2243_IM-0840/0.png", "question_id": 2408, "text": "Have the degenerative changes of the thoracic spine worsened recently based on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma within the left lower lobe. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient display any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 2409, "text": "Does the patient display any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there evidence of scarring in the lung on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 2410, "text": "Is there evidence of scarring in the lung on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "According to the report, are the heart and mediastinum abnormally enlarged? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 2411, "text": "According to the report, are the heart and mediastinum abnormally enlarged? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the overall contour of the heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 2412, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the overall contour of the heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is the scarring mentioned as being widespread throughout both lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR76_IM-2309/0.png", "question_id": 2413, "text": "Is the scarring mentioned as being widespread throughout both lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Apparent scarring within the lingula. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "question_id": 2414, "text": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "question_id": 2415, "text": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Has any focal airspace disease been detected in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "question_id": 2416, "text": "Has any focal airspace disease been detected in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contours? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "question_id": 2417, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contours? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Do the visualized bony structures show any remarkable findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3570_IM-1754/0.png", "question_id": 2418, "text": "Do the visualized bony structures show any remarkable findings? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Subsegmental atelectasis versus scarring in the right midlung and left lower lobe. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal areas of consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3139_IM-1476/0.png", "question_id": 2419, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal areas of consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Can evidence of pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3139_IM-1476/0.png", "question_id": 2420, "text": "Can evidence of pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Are the osseous structures intact as per the chest X-ray report? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3139_IM-1476/0.png", "question_id": 2421, "text": "Are the osseous structures intact as per the chest X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "question_id": 2422, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "question_id": 2423, "text": "Is pulmonary vascularity abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Are the lungs underexpanded on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "question_id": 2424, "text": "Are the lungs underexpanded on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "question_id": 2425, "text": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Do the chest X-ray findings suggest the patient has a normal heart size? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1273_IM-0183/0.png", "question_id": 2426, "text": "Do the chest X-ray findings suggest the patient has a normal heart size? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged stable. Mediastinal contour is normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "question_id": 2427, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of focal consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "question_id": 2428, "text": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity outside of normal limits? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "question_id": 2429, "text": "Is the pulmonary vascularity outside of normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray include images of the upper abdomen? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "question_id": 2430, "text": "Does the chest X-ray include images of the upper abdomen? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Were external monitor leads present on the thorax during the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3449_IM-1672/0.png", "question_id": 2431, "text": "Were external monitor leads present on the thorax during the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "question_id": 2432, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "question_id": 2433, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is there presence of pleural effusion in either lung on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "question_id": 2434, "text": "Is there presence of pleural effusion in either lung on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has lung hyperinflation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "question_id": 2435, "text": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the patient has lung hyperinflation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are any fibrotic changes mentioned or visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3384_IM-1631/0.png", "question_id": 2436, "text": "Are any fibrotic changes mentioned or visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have any visible lung opacities on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "question_id": 2437, "text": "Does the patient have any visible lung opacities on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "question_id": 2438, "text": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Does the mediastinum appear to be displaced or widened? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "question_id": 2439, "text": "Does the mediastinum appear to be displaced or widened? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are the lung fields suggesting any masses or nodules? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "question_id": 2440, "text": "Are the lung fields suggesting any masses or nodules? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Are there any signs that suggest rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR622_IM-2204/0.png", "question_id": 2441, "text": "Are there any signs that suggest rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "question_id": 2442, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "question_id": 2443, "text": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there any acute abnormalities of the bones identified in the report? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "question_id": 2444, "text": "Are there any acute abnormalities of the bones identified in the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any indication of a lung mass on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (based on the fact that the report did not mention any mass)", "image": "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "question_id": 2445, "text": "Is there any indication of a lung mass on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have any rib fractures according to the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No (report mentions \u201cNo acute bony abnormalities\u201d)", "image": "CXR1873_IM-0565/0.png", "question_id": 2446, "text": "Does the patient have any rib fractures according to the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have low lung volumes visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2447, "text": "Does the patient have low lung volumes visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification."} {"question": "Is there evidence of left lower lobe airspace disease in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2448, "text": "Is there evidence of left lower lobe airspace disease in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification."} {"question": "Is subsegmental atelectasis noted in the right lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2449, "text": "Is subsegmental atelectasis noted in the right lung? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient has a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2450, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate that the patient has a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification."} {"question": "Does the X-ray show aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3411_IM-1649-0001/0.png", "question_id": 2451, "text": "Does the X-ray show aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is patchy left lower lobe airspace disease. There are XXXX opacities in the right mid lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. No significant pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiac contour? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "question_id": 2452, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show a normal cardiac contour? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "question_id": 2453, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are the lung changes consistent with consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (Based on the provided report which states clear lungs)", "image": "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "question_id": 2454, "text": "Are the lung changes consistent with consolidation on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the bones, such as fractures, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (Not mentioned in the report, assuming normal if not stated)", "image": "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "question_id": 2455, "text": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the bones, such as fractures, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Is there evidence of enlarged lymph nodes on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (The report does not mention any lymphadenopathy)", "image": "CXR1472_IM-0305/0.png", "question_id": 2456, "text": "Is there evidence of enlarged lymph nodes on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear hyperexpanded lungs bilaterally with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "question_id": 2457, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on both sides? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary arteries and veins normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "question_id": 2458, "text": "Are the pulmonary arteries and veins normal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "question_id": 2459, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins."} {"question": "Is there an electronic device present on the left anterior chest wall? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "question_id": 2460, "text": "Is there an electronic device present on the left anterior chest wall? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins."} {"question": "Is there a lucency in the right humeral head? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR260_IM-1090/0.png", "question_id": 2461, "text": "Is there a lucency in the right humeral head? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. There is a stable the electronic device any left anterior chest wall. There are advanced degenerative changes in the XXXX bilaterally. There is a 38 mm lucency in the right humeral head with geographic 1A margins."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1526_IM-0341/0.png", "question_id": 2462, "text": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable. There is motion artifact on the lateral radiograph."} {"question": "Are there any large pleural effusions noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR1526_IM-0341/0.png", "question_id": 2463, "text": "Are there any large pleural effusions noted on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable. There is motion artifact on the lateral radiograph."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR1526_IM-0341/0.png", "question_id": 2464, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable. There is motion artifact on the lateral radiograph."} {"question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the right costophrenic angle? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR145_IM-0290/0.png", "question_id": 2465, "text": "Is there any abnormality noted in the right costophrenic angle? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right costophrenic XXXX is blunted. In the left lower lobe a patchy infiltrate is present. The pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of a patchy infiltrate in the left upper lobe? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR145_IM-0290/0.png", "question_id": 2466, "text": "Does the patient show signs of a patchy infiltrate in the left upper lobe? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right costophrenic XXXX is blunted. In the left lower lobe a patchy infiltrate is present. The pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary vasculatures reported as abnormal in the X-ray report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR145_IM-0290/0.png", "question_id": 2467, "text": "Are the pulmonary vasculatures reported as abnormal in the X-ray report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right costophrenic XXXX is blunted. In the left lower lobe a patchy infiltrate is present. The pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Is the right lung field completely clear based on the report? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR145_IM-0290/0.png", "question_id": 2468, "text": "Is the right lung field completely clear based on the report? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Right costophrenic XXXX is blunted. In the left lower lobe a patchy infiltrate is present. The pulmonary XXXX are normal."} {"question": "Does the patient have any signs of focal consolidation in their lungs? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR93_IM-2428/0.png", "question_id": 2469, "text": "Does the patient have any signs of focal consolidation in their lungs? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR93_IM-2428/0.png", "question_id": 2470, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Has a pneumoperitoneum been detected in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR93_IM-2428/0.png", "question_id": 2471, "text": "Has a pneumoperitoneum been detected in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR93_IM-2428/0.png", "question_id": 2472, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of a lung infection? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Negative for pneumoperitoneum. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR429_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 2473, "text": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no definite evidence of acute fracture."} {"question": "Is there any focal airspace disease present in the patient's lungs according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR429_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 2474, "text": "Is there any focal airspace disease present in the patient's lungs according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no definite evidence of acute fracture."} {"question": "Is there pleural effusion detected in the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR429_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 2475, "text": "Is there pleural effusion detected in the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no definite evidence of acute fracture."} {"question": "Is there any pathology noted within the lung fields of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR429_IM-2070/0.png", "question_id": 2476, "text": "Is there any pathology noted within the lung fields of the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no definite evidence of acute fracture."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a large pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR13_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2477, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a large pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Otherwise, there is no focal opacity. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR13_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2478, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Otherwise, there is no focal opacity. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Can any focal opacities be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR13_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2479, "text": "Can any focal opacities be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Otherwise, there is no focal opacity. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure, such as an enlarged heart, on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes (the cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged, which may indicate borderline heart enlargement related to various conditions, including congestive heart failure).", "image": "CXR13_IM-0198/0.png", "question_id": 2480, "text": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure, such as an enlarged heart, on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Otherwise, there is no focal opacity. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "question_id": 2481, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is there any focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "question_id": 2482, "text": "Is there any focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Has the previously noted right midlung opacity resolved on the follow-up chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "question_id": 2483, "text": "Has the previously noted right midlung opacity resolved on the follow-up chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Are the diaphragms on the chest X-ray normal in position? \n", "answer": "No (they are flattened).", "image": "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "question_id": 2484, "text": "Are the diaphragms on the chest X-ray normal in position? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Can we see the sulci normally on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1113_IM-0078/0.png", "question_id": 2485, "text": "Can we see the sulci normally on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Previous sulcal is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Interval resolution of previously described right midlung opacity suggesting resolved inflammatory/infectious process. Lungs are hyperexpanded with flattened diaphragms. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2486, "text": "Is the patient's heart size enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is the lung field clear of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2487, "text": "Is the lung field clear of focal airspace disease on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Are there signs of abnormal pulmonary vascularity in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2488, "text": "Are there signs of abnormal pulmonary vascularity in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Can pneumonia be suspected from the findings on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (since no focal airspace disease is reported)", "image": "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2489, "text": "Can pneumonia be suspected from the findings on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Not mentioned in the report, so cannot be determined from the information provided.", "image": "CXR3423_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2490, "text": "Is there any evidence of a rib fracture on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "the heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3878_IM-1968/0.png", "question_id": 2491, "text": "Does the patient show signs of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Postop changes of CABG with mild cardiomegaly. There is an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are there postoperative changes indicative of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3878_IM-1968/0.png", "question_id": 2492, "text": "Are there postoperative changes indicative of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) visible on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Postop changes of CABG with mild cardiomegaly. There is an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there any infiltrate noted in the left lung on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (The infiltrate is in the right lower lobe.)", "image": "CXR3878_IM-1968/0.png", "question_id": 2493, "text": "Is there any infiltrate noted in the left lung on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Postop changes of CABG with mild cardiomegaly. There is an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pneumonia in the left lower lobe on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (The infiltrate is in the right lower lobe.)", "image": "CXR3878_IM-1968/0.png", "question_id": 2494, "text": "Are there any signs of pneumonia in the left lower lobe on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Postop changes of CABG with mild cardiomegaly. There is an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2495, "text": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": ") \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2496, "text": ") Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2497, "text": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the patient's chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal the presence of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2498, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal the presence of a pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Are there any nodules or masses apparent on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3422_IM-1656/0.png", "question_id": 2499, "text": "Are there any nodules or masses apparent on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses."} {"question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1429_IM-0275/0.png", "question_id": 2500, "text": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1429_IM-0275/0.png", "question_id": 2501, "text": "Does the patient have clear lungs on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1429_IM-0275/0.png", "question_id": 2502, "text": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient have a widened mediastinum? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1429_IM-0275/0.png", "question_id": 2503, "text": "Based on the chest X-ray, does the patient have a widened mediastinum? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR107_IM-0049/0.png", "question_id": 2504, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR107_IM-0049/0.png", "question_id": 2505, "text": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Are there any acute fractures or bone abnormalities in the thorax evident on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR107_IM-0049/0.png", "question_id": 2506, "text": "Are there any acute fractures or bone abnormalities in the thorax evident on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of fluid overload in the patient's lung fields according to the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR107_IM-0049/0.png", "question_id": 2507, "text": "Is there any evidence of fluid overload in the patient's lung fields according to the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR753_IM-2306/0.png", "question_id": 2508, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR753_IM-2306/0.png", "question_id": 2509, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pleural effusion? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Can pneumonia be diagnosed from the current chest X-ray based on focal air space opacity? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR753_IM-2306/0.png", "question_id": 2510, "text": "Can pneumonia be diagnosed from the current chest X-ray based on focal air space opacity? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Is the mediastinum appearing abnormal in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR753_IM-2306/0.png", "question_id": 2511, "text": "Is the mediastinum appearing abnormal in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "question_id": 2512, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Can you detect any focal infiltrates in the lungs from the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "question_id": 2513, "text": "Can you detect any focal infiltrates in the lungs from the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Are there any nodules or masses visible in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "question_id": 2514, "text": "Are there any nodules or masses visible in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Does the patient have pleural fluid on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "question_id": 2515, "text": "Does the patient have pleural fluid on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Can you identify any free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2924_IM-1327/0.png", "question_id": 2516, "text": "Can you identify any free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is a small calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm."} {"question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size within normal limits on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR950_IM-2446/0.png", "question_id": 2517, "text": "Is the cardiac silhouette size within normal limits on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax)? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR950_IM-2446/0.png", "question_id": 2518, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Are there any focal areas of lung consolidation on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR950_IM-2446/0.png", "question_id": 2519, "text": "Are there any focal areas of lung consolidation on this chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR950_IM-2446/0.png", "question_id": 2520, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinum as seen on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of heart enlargement? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3430_IM-1659/0.png", "question_id": 2521, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show signs of heart enlargement? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly to moderately enlarged, distal tip dual-lumen catheter near the caval atrial junction. Mild vascular cephalization, no definite interstitial changes of pulmonary edema, no focal alveolar consolidation. No pleural effusion XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray image show the distal tip of the catheter at the caval atrial junction? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR3430_IM-1659/0.png", "question_id": 2522, "text": "Does the chest X-ray image show the distal tip of the catheter at the caval atrial junction? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly to moderately enlarged, distal tip dual-lumen catheter near the caval atrial junction. Mild vascular cephalization, no definite interstitial changes of pulmonary edema, no focal alveolar consolidation. No pleural effusion XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Are there clear signs of interstitial changes signifying pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3430_IM-1659/0.png", "question_id": 2523, "text": "Are there clear signs of interstitial changes signifying pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly to moderately enlarged, distal tip dual-lumen catheter near the caval atrial junction. Mild vascular cephalization, no definite interstitial changes of pulmonary edema, no focal alveolar consolidation. No pleural effusion XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Is there any pleural effusion detectable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR3430_IM-1659/0.png", "question_id": 2524, "text": "Is there any pleural effusion detectable on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Heart size mildly to moderately enlarged, distal tip dual-lumen catheter near the caval atrial junction. Mild vascular cephalization, no definite interstitial changes of pulmonary edema, no focal alveolar consolidation. No pleural effusion XXXX demonstrated."} {"question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "question_id": 2525, "text": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Are the lungs free from any signs of focal airspace disease, according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "question_id": 2526, "text": "Are the lungs free from any signs of focal airspace disease, according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "question_id": 2527, "text": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show degenerative changes in the spine? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "question_id": 2528, "text": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show degenerative changes in the spine? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Is there evidence of a lung tumor on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR3772_IM-1891/0.png", "question_id": 2529, "text": "Is there evidence of a lung tumor on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are present. Degenerative changes are present in the spine."} {"question": "Does the patient have any opacities in the lungs as per the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR290_IM-1303/0.png", "question_id": 2530, "text": "Does the patient have any opacities in the lungs as per the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are multiple surgical XXXX seen near the apical regions and lower cervical region bilaterally. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is a screw in the right shoulder. The soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Is there any abnormal enlargement of the heart on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR290_IM-1303/0.png", "question_id": 2531, "text": "Is there any abnormal enlargement of the heart on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are multiple surgical XXXX seen near the apical regions and lower cervical region bilaterally. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is a screw in the right shoulder. The soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Are there any abnormalities in the soft tissues according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR290_IM-1303/0.png", "question_id": 2532, "text": "Are there any abnormalities in the soft tissues according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are multiple surgical XXXX seen near the apical regions and lower cervical region bilaterally. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is a screw in the right shoulder. The soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion in the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR290_IM-1303/0.png", "question_id": 2533, "text": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion in the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are multiple surgical XXXX seen near the apical regions and lower cervical region bilaterally. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is a screw in the right shoulder. The soft tissues are normal."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "question_id": 2534, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of pneumonia? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule."} {"question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "question_id": 2535, "text": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule."} {"question": "Is there a visible mediastinal mass on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "question_id": 2536, "text": "Is there a visible mediastinal mass on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule."} {"question": "Is there any visible evidence of pulmonary edema on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "question_id": 2537, "text": "Is there any visible evidence of pulmonary edema on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule."} {"question": "Have any fractures been identified in the ribs or other bony structures on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "The report does not mention any fractures, so based on the given information, the answer would be No.", "image": "CXR458_IM-2089/0.png", "question_id": 2538, "text": "Have any fractures been identified in the ribs or other bony structures on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule."} {"question": "Does the X-ray report suggest that the patient has borderline cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2_IM-0652/0.png", "question_id": 2539, "text": "Does the X-ray report suggest that the patient has borderline cardiomegaly? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Borderline cardiomegaly. Midline sternotomy XXXX. Enlarged pulmonary arteries. Clear lungs. Inferior XXXX XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Are the pulmonary arteries identified as enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2_IM-0652/0.png", "question_id": 2540, "text": "Are the pulmonary arteries identified as enlarged on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Borderline cardiomegaly. Midline sternotomy XXXX. Enlarged pulmonary arteries. Clear lungs. Inferior XXXX XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Is there a mention of a condition or finding related to the inferior portion of the radiograph that is XXXX (obscured or unspecified)? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR2_IM-0652/0.png", "question_id": 2541, "text": "Is there a mention of a condition or finding related to the inferior portion of the radiograph that is XXXX (obscured or unspecified)? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "Borderline cardiomegaly. Midline sternotomy XXXX. Enlarged pulmonary arteries. Clear lungs. Inferior XXXX XXXX XXXX."} {"question": "Is the heart size within the upper limits of normal on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "question_id": 2542, "text": "Is the heart size within the upper limits of normal on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX."} {"question": "Is the chest X-ray image completely free from patient rotation? \n", "answer": "No (The patient is mildly rotated.)", "image": "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "question_id": 2543, "text": "Is the chest X-ray image completely free from patient rotation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX."} {"question": "0 cm? \n", "answer": "No (It measures approximately 2.0 cm.)", "image": "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "question_id": 2544, "text": "0 cm? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX."} {"question": "Is the left side of the chest clear on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "question_id": 2545, "text": "Is the left side of the chest clear on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX."} {"question": "Was the X-ray report communicated immediately following the results' availability? \n", "answer": "Yes (Results called with date and time given.)", "image": "CXR64_IM-2218/0.png", "question_id": 2546, "text": "Was the X-ray report communicated immediately following the results' availability? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "2 images. Heart size upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours are maintained. The patient is mildly rotated. There is a small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax which measures approximately 2.0 cm. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. Left chest is clear. No definite displaced bony injury is seen. Results called XXXX. XXXX XXXX p.m. XXXX, XXXX."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormally enlarged on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2612_IM-1103/0.png", "question_id": 2547, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormally enlarged on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal airspace disease? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2612_IM-1103/0.png", "question_id": 2548, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of focal airspace disease? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Can pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2612_IM-1103/0.png", "question_id": 2549, "text": "Can pleural effusion be identified in the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR2612_IM-1103/0.png", "question_id": 2550, "text": "Is there any evidence of lung pathology on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question": "Is the size of the patient's heart normal on this X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "question_id": 2551, "text": "Is the size of the patient's heart normal on this X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified."} {"question": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "question_id": 2552, "text": "Does the patient show signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified."} {"question": "Is the aorta appearing normal in size and contour on this X-ray? \n", "answer": "No. (It is described as tortuous and ectatic.)", "image": "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "question_id": 2553, "text": "Is the aorta appearing normal in size and contour on this X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show any spinal abnormalities? \n", "answer": "Yes. (Degenerative changes are noted.)", "image": "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "question_id": 2554, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show any spinal abnormalities? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified."} {"question": "Is there an IVC filter visible on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "(The response would depend on the meaning of \"XXX\" and whether it stands for something like \"filter\". If \"XXX\" stands for \"filter\", then the answer would be) Yes.", "image": "CXR1004_IM-0005/0.png", "question_id": 2555, "text": "Is there an IVC filter visible on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic. There are degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints. There degenerative changes of the spine. There is an IVC XXXX identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have normal cardiac contours on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "question_id": 2556, "text": "Does the patient have normal cardiac contours on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is there evidence of thoracic spondylosis on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "question_id": 2557, "text": "Is there evidence of thoracic spondylosis on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any signs of congestive heart failure? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "question_id": 2558, "text": "Has the chest X-ray revealed any signs of congestive heart failure? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "question_id": 2559, "text": "Does the patient show any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of rib fractures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "CXR226_IM-0851/0.png", "question_id": 2560, "text": "Does the chest X-ray indicate the presence of rib fractures? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis."} {"question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1708_IM-0466/0.png", "question_id": 2561, "text": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Calcified lymph XXXX are identified in the left infrahilar region. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified."} {"question": "Are calcified lymph nodes present in the left infrahilar region? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR1708_IM-0466/0.png", "question_id": 2562, "text": "Are calcified lymph nodes present in the left infrahilar region? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Calcified lymph XXXX are identified in the left infrahilar region. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR1708_IM-0466/0.png", "question_id": 2563, "text": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion according to the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. Calcified lymph XXXX are identified in the left infrahilar region. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified."} {"question": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "question_id": 2564, "text": "Does the patient have an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary congestion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "question_id": 2565, "text": "Is there evidence of pulmonary congestion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "question_id": 2566, "text": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of pneumothorax? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any signs of lung consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "question_id": 2567, "text": "Does the chest X-ray reveal any signs of lung consolidation? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No (assuming it was not mentioned in the report).", "image": "CXR2312_IM-0887/0.png", "question_id": 2568, "text": "Is there any evidence of rib fractures on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear."} {"question": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 2569, "text": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray image? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX."} {"question": "Can we see any pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 2570, "text": "Can we see any pleural effusion on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX."} {"question": "Are there visible degenerative changes of the thoracic spine on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 2571, "text": "Are there visible degenerative changes of the thoracic spine on the X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX."} {"question": "Is the aorta showing signs of being tortuous and ectatic on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 2572, "text": "Is the aorta showing signs of being tortuous and ectatic on the chest X-ray? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX."} {"question": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes, since the report does not mention any abnormalities of the mediastinum.", "image": "CXR49_IM-2110/0.png", "question_id": 2573, "text": "Are the mediastinal contours within normal limits? Please choose from the following two options: [yes, no]\n", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. There is a calcified granuloma identified in the right suprahilar region. The aorta is mildly tortuous and ectatic. There is asymmetric right apical smooth pleural thickening. There are severe degenerative changes of the XXXX."} ================================================ FILE: data/test/vqa/mimic_test.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "question": "Does the patient show any signs of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 3, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 4, "question": "Are there fractured median sternotomy wires present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 5, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities identified on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s53078789/0c5f56c2-3d707105-b36af285-88d0ae60-48ef3fda.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n Median sternotomy wires are again noted with fractures of the superior most\n wires. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 6, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 7, "question": "Is there evidence of central pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 8, "question": "Is a pacemaker present on the left pectoral side of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 9, "question": "Are there bibasilar airspace opacities that likely indicate atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 10, "question": "Is there any evidence of lobar consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/62e28fc5-93fe9a0b-36f25627-e72bcdc7-fddf5f6e.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 11, "question": "Does the patient show signs of interstitial edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 12, "question": "Is there evidence of acute consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 13, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 14, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 15, "question": "Has there been any change in the size of the cardiac silhouette compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/c89c0bac-453ca322-9aec3b3a-af1073e8-833e0ccd.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 16, "question": "Has the right upper lobe pneumonia resolved since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 17, "question": "Are signs of mild fluid overload still present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 18, "question": "Is there any change in the pre-existing cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 19, "question": "Are the calcified lung nodules unchanged from before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 20, "question": "Are there any new findings of acute pneumonia or pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s51246566/fe5ade20-832e5f10-2fcedcb6-4c3c8557-e8bfb513.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing right\n upper lobe pneumonia is completely resolved. The pre-existing signs of mild\n fluid overload, however, are still present. The pre-existing cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Several calcified lung nodules are also unchanged. Unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. No acute pneumonia, no pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 21, "question": "Does the patient have an unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 22, "question": "Is there new focal consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 23, "question": "Is the patient status post median sternotomy and CABG?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 24, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 25, "question": "Are there mild to moderate multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s52874049/a67e2e2b-c5902ccf-adf291f3-51b417af-5b71eeaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with right basilar\n atelectasis. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated with\n associated right basilar atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.\n Left lung is grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 26, "question": "Does the patient have stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen."} {"question_id": 27, "question": "Is there any new focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen."} {"question_id": 28, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes appearing stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen."} {"question_id": 29, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen."} {"question_id": 30, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56836177/686a2b90-af0e2b68-75f6acc2-ea6fecdc-a69f5c88.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. No new focal\n consolidation seen. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is stable diffuse\n prominence of the interstitial markings. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen."} {"question_id": 31, "question": "Does the patient have consolidation in the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy."} {"question_id": 32, "question": "Could the consolidation represent pneumonia or aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy."} {"question_id": 33, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy."} {"question_id": 34, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy."} {"question_id": 35, "question": "Are there multiple intact mediastinal wires due to a previous sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55484286/e9683fa3-283e5f0c-c05c217c-b320d070-4a8e9fc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation, may represent pneumonia or\n aspiration. Findings: There is a new consolidation in the retrocardiac left lung\n base, concerning for pneumonia or aspiration. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Multiple intact mediastinal wires relate\n to prior sternotomy."} {"question_id": 36, "question": "Are there multiple sternal wires visible in the chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 37, "question": "Are the sternal wires intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 38, "question": "Is the heart size enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 39, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 40, "question": "Is the upper abdomen that is visualized in the radiograph remarkable in any way?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s50482541/63f854b9-c24c2a15-3c4ee54e-72c08c57-5b8bcf18.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A portable erect frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates multiple sternal\n wires, which are intact. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The lungs are\n fairly well-aerated, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 41, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show a stable appearance compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 42, "question": "Are the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours showing any changes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 43, "question": "Do the upper lungs show multifocal opacities with volume loss that suggests chronic scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 44, "question": "Is there blunting of the left posterior costophrenic sulcus suggesting trace pleural effusion or pleural thickening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 45, "question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the bony structures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s54300688/962a470a-df0275b5-6b8e2125-e3cc9c90-bf7e0a66.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n Multifocal opacities which persist in the upper lungs with volume loss suggest\n chronic scarring without definite superimposed disease. Blunting of the left\n posterior costophrenic sulcus is unchanged, suggesting either trace pleural\n effusion or pleural thickening. Bony structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 46, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 47, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 48, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 49, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 50, "question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the osseous and soft tissue structures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/7a238738-8c621632-91033197-65bce15b-74461a6c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 51, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 52, "question": "Is there evidence of spinal stabilization on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 53, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of normal size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 54, "question": "Is the right hemidiaphragm elevated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 55, "question": "Are there any newly appeared parenchymal opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/b9850dc4-c0036cbc-c577eb21-c259db2c-2d9368a6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 56, "question": "Has the right-sided pneumothorax decreased in size since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 57, "question": "Is there an interval increase in the size of the right-sided pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 58, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 59, "question": "Is there any change in the position of the mediastinum compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No. (The deviation is described as stable, meaning no change in its position.)", "image": "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 60, "question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the osseous and soft tissue structures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s53567752/58081a4f-fb575b5b-d178ec1c-b8b6a415-24868cdf.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in size of right-sided pneumothorax;\n however, interval enlargement of the right-sided pleural effusion. Stable\n mild leftward deviation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were compared to previous exam\n ___ ___.\n \n When compared to prior, previously seen right-sided pneumothorax is slightly\n smaller. There has, however, been interval enlargement of the right-sided\n pleural effusion. Slight leftward deviation of the mediastinum is unchanged. \n The left lung remains clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are stable. The\n osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 61, "question": "Does the patient have any focal consolidation suggesting pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 62, "question": "Are the lung volumes considered low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 63, "question": "Is there streaky opacity at the left lung base indicative of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 64, "question": "Has moderate cardiomegaly been noted on the patient's X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 65, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s50792961/f2795cb8-461db7d5-3a023168-8b1300eb-d418d99f.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph, lung volumes remain low. Streaky opacity in\n the left lung base is likely atelectasis, and similar to the prior radiograph.\n No focal opacity identified at the left lung base on concurrent CT. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 66, "question": "Is there a tiny right pleural effusion noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg", "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position."} {"question_id": 67, "question": "Compared to the prior exam, is the linear atelectasis at the right base more discrete?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg", "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position."} {"question_id": 68, "question": "Is there any evidence of consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg", "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position."} {"question_id": 69, "question": "Has the condition of moderate cardiomegaly changed according to the report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg", "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position."} {"question_id": 70, "question": "Does the patient have a cardiac device with two leads in the left chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s57137730/f0e11656-d359330e-8e7c2e5d-09c9d0d0-583da81f.jpg", "report": "impression: Tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Single portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Linear\n atelectasis at the right base is more discrete compared to prior exam. No\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. A tiny right effusion is noted. Surgical clips and sternotomy wires\n are intact. A left chest cardiac device has two leads in stable position."} {"question_id": 71, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 72, "question": "Is the mediastinum considered wide on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 73, "question": "Is the cause of the wide mediastinum identified as mediastinal lipomatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 74, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of normal size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 75, "question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/a6aacacb-72188cab-113e38f7-dc63b7cb-e0b3cd1a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 76, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings."} {"question_id": 77, "question": "Has the size of the cardiac silhouette changed compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings."} {"question_id": 78, "question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings."} {"question_id": 79, "question": "Is there a presence of an indwelling pacing device?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings."} {"question_id": 80, "question": "Can a small calcified granuloma be seen at the left lung apex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s54472974/93795e56-ef882771-fa23c36d-bf8cf35b-fc41aadc.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, but stable in size, with\n indwelling right atrial and right ventricular pacing leads unchanged in\n position. The lungs are well expanded and grossly clear except for a small\n calcified granuloma at the left lung apex. There are no pleural effusions or\n acute skeletal findings."} {"question_id": 81, "question": "Do the lungs appear relatively hyperinflated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated."} {"question_id": 82, "question": "Is there evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated."} {"question_id": 83, "question": "Can a pacer device be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated."} {"question_id": 84, "question": "Is there any sign of a large pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated."} {"question_id": 85, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54280501/bc25fa99-0d3766cc-7704edb7-5c7a4a63-dc65480a.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively hyperinflated lungs, suggesting COPD. Possible minimal central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is seen\n with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium and right\n ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours\n are unremarkable. There may be minimal central vascular engorgement without\n overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence\n of pneumothorax or focal consolidation. The lungs appear relatively\n hyperinflated."} {"question_id": 86, "question": "Has the right upper lobe opacity from the prior X-ray essentially resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg", "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid."} {"question_id": 87, "question": "Is there evidence of chronic scarring in the upper lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg", "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid."} {"question_id": 88, "question": "Could there be an acute infectious process in the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg", "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid."} {"question_id": 89, "question": "Is there a large confluent consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg", "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid."} {"question_id": 90, "question": "Are there orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s58929044/dda9463c-13653db6-03e65f74-74ef0b98-4cceb8c9.jpg", "report": "impression: Essentially complete resolution of the right upper lobe opacity\n seen on prior. Findings suggestive of underlying chronic upper lobe scarring,\n although superimposed acute infectious process, particularly on the left, is\n not completely excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to multiple prior\n exams including CT torso from ___ with most recent x-ray from ___.\n \n When compared to most recent exam, there has been near complete resolution of\n the right upper lung opacity. There is evidence of scarring at the upper\n lobes bilaterally with retraction of the hila and some nodular densities,\n particularly in the left upper lung. These have been seen on multiple prior\n exams. Minimal blunting of the left posterior costophrenic angle may\n represent trace effusion. There is no large confluent consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures, noting\n multiple orthopedic screws projecting over the right glenoid."} {"question_id": 91, "question": "Is there bronchiectasis present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 92, "question": "Has there been significant change in the patient's lung condition compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 93, "question": "Is hyperexpansion of the lungs evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 94, "question": "Is the cardiac size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 95, "question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema or acute focal pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s59239338/2ae8ec41-067f24d2-3f3ea6b7-113cb63b-aa3cc9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in the severe bronchiectasis and emphysema. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the peribronchial thickening and impaction with extensive bibasilar\n bronchiectasis. This is again extremely well seen on the lateral radiograph. \n Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with emphysema and the cardiac size\n is normal. No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 96, "question": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted."} {"question_id": 97, "question": "Is there pleural effusion seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted."} {"question_id": 98, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted."} {"question_id": 99, "question": "Does the patient have bibasilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted."} {"question_id": 100, "question": "Are there bilateral rib fractures present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56618763/9ffe4a2c-7cf9a8f6-c97f630e-4618ae86-c49236fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Bibasilar atelectasis is present. There is mild left ventricular\n enlargement. Bilateral rib fractures are noted."} {"question_id": 101, "question": "Has the appearance of the right-sided pneumothorax and pleural effusion remained stable since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT."} {"question_id": 102, "question": "Is the right-sided chest tube in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT."} {"question_id": 103, "question": "Has a significant new pneumothorax developed in the apical area since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT."} {"question_id": 104, "question": "Are there any new parenchymal infiltrates observed in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT."} {"question_id": 105, "question": "Does the patient have local rib deformities that are related to previous trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59589248/992ca7aa-bc9d75c5-cab8f375-a649cfc4-2472eda9.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of right-sided postoperative small apical\n pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding portable AP\n single chest view of ___. Right-sided chest tube remains in place\n terminating somewhat lower than on the preceding study in the apical area. \n The second lower right chest tube remains in unchanged position. Small amount\n of right-sided pleural effusion persists blunting the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinus. No new parenchymal infiltrates are seen, and no significant\n pneumothorax has developed in the apical area. The left-sided hemithorax\n remains unchanged with no new infiltrates. As before, there are local rib\n deformities apparently related to previous old trauma as already observed on\n previous chest CT."} {"question_id": 106, "question": "Is the quality of inspiration on the frontal view considered adequate?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure."} {"question_id": 107, "question": "Does the X-ray suggest the presence of pleural fluid at the bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure."} {"question_id": 108, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure."} {"question_id": 109, "question": "Is it easy to assess the pulmonary vascularity on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure."} {"question_id": 110, "question": "Is there a suggestion of elevated pulmonary venous pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s53302552/255f4674-83241c13-0d166114-1542f2fc-016ce9ee.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is extremely poor\n inspiration on the frontal view. Opacification at the bases most likely\n reflects pleural fluid and atelectasis. The pulmonary vascularity is\n difficult to assess, though there probably is some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure."} {"question_id": 111, "question": "Are there new bilateral hazy opacities present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg", "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified."} {"question_id": 112, "question": "Is the cardiomegaly described as moderate and persistent?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg", "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified."} {"question_id": 113, "question": "Do the bilateral hazy opacities suggest an increase in pulmonary central venous pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg", "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified."} {"question_id": 114, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg", "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified."} {"question_id": 115, "question": "Are bilateral small pleural effusions possibly present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s50801992/8ce5b932-2d8ffc38-cb498d1d-80d458cd-cec8ac86.jpg", "report": "impression: New bilateral hazy opacities with persistent moderate\n cardiomegaly. These findings are likely representative of moderate pulmonary\n edema due to congestive heart failure. Findings: moderate cardiomegaly persists. There are new diffuse bilateral\n hazy opacities suggestive of moderate increase in pulmonary central venous\n pressure. Mid sternotomy wires appear intact. Lungs are without focal\n consolidation. Bilateral small pleural effusions may be present. No acute\n fracture is identified."} {"question_id": 116, "question": "Does the patient show increased opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___."} {"question_id": 117, "question": "Is it clear if the increased prominence of opacification is due to increased fluid in the pleural space?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___."} {"question_id": 118, "question": "Does the right hemidiaphragm appear sharp on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___."} {"question_id": 119, "question": "Is there any indication of a layering pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___."} {"question_id": 120, "question": "Has this information been communicated to the covering physician?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s55499601/47168ca2-46fb63bc-f859ecb2-d1a48369-fbc2f3cf.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased prominence\n of opacification adjacent to the right lateral chest wall. It is unclear\n whether this could merely reflect change in degree of obliquity of the patient\n or whether there is a reason to suggest increased fluid within the pleural\n space. The right hemidiaphragm remains sharp and there is nothing to indicate\n layering pleural effusion.\n \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___, ___ was covering for Dr.\n ___."} {"question_id": 121, "question": "Does the patient have increased opacity in the right lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder."} {"question_id": 122, "question": "Is there a possibility of pneumonia in the right lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder."} {"question_id": 123, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder."} {"question_id": 124, "question": "Are the mediastinal and hilar contours unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder."} {"question_id": 125, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s56917340/8a2ac87e-67bd3fae-31632688-1d6dbc89-594ca350.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity of right lower lung may reflect worsening\n atelectasis, though in proper clinical setting, pneumonia is a possibility. \n No pleural effusion evident. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal and\n hilar contours. Stable mild cardiomegaly evident. Increased opacity\n overlying the right diaphragm on background of right lower lung atelectasis,\n may indicate pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident.\n Stable L1 and T12 compression fractures. Stable degenerative changes of the\n right shoulder."} {"question_id": 126, "question": "Are the bilateral pleural effusions stable compared to previous exams? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted."} {"question_id": 127, "question": "Is there evidence of a new bibasilar airspace process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted."} {"question_id": 128, "question": "Has there been an interval change suggesting mild interstitial and pulmonary edema since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted."} {"question_id": 129, "question": "Is the left-sided pacer in place with its lead correctly positioned?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted."} {"question_id": 130, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s58039954/702ea80d-45e751b9-f310cea5-80c50417-c80de945.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral layering pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace process\n likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. There has been interval appearance\n of mild interstitial and pulmonary edema. Left-sided pacer remains in place\n with the lead traversing a left superior vena cava to the right ventricular\n apex. Status post median sternotomy with mitral annular ring. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 12:55 are submitted."} {"question_id": 131, "question": "Has the left upper lobe opacity decreased in size since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 132, "question": "Is the decrease in size of the left upper lobe opacity thought to be due to the resolution of a hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 133, "question": "Is there evidence of a likely small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 134, "question": "Are there persistent streaky retrocardiac opacities that could be related to aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 135, "question": "Is there any definitive opacification that raises concern for pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s50682888/08da513d-5325ee2d-d57746d8-762cf929-bf1c0fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of left upper lobe opacity, possibly\n reflecting resolution of prior hemorrhage. Likely small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates decreased size of the\n left upper lobe opacity possibly due to resolution of hemorrhage, now\n measuring 2.8 in the craniocaudal dimension compared to 3.5 cm on prior study.\n There is persisitent if not increased streaky retrocardiac opacities, possibly\n related to aspiration. No definitive opacification concerning for pneumonia.\n Minimal left costophrenic angle blunting, likely represents small left pleural\n effusion. No osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 136, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg", "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 137, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal in size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg", "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 138, "question": "Are there signs of emphysema, such as apical bullous changes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg", "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 139, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present on the left side with wires visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg", "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 140, "question": "Does the patient have any new areas of parenchymal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14992360/s50425233/f95e2c77-d318c10b-c5113c5d-455b870e-eb3878e8.jpg", "report": "There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A linear opacity in the left mid lung is probably\n scarring from prior pneumonia demonstrated in this region. Parenchymal\n distortion and apical bullous changes are consistent with underlying\n emphysema. Bilateral pleural thickening is redemonstrated, most pronounced at\n the apices and right upper hemithorax laterally. No new areas of parenchymal\n consolidation are noted.\n \n A left-sided pacemaker is present with wires terminating in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 141, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal."} {"question_id": 142, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure (CHF) on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal."} {"question_id": 143, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette moderately enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal."} {"question_id": 144, "question": "Has there been any change in the appearance of the cardiac enlargement compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No (the enlargement is stable in appearance).", "image": "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal."} {"question_id": 145, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s59286076/5f860da1-0df267dd-71c297f8-f5833732-c79b751d.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, without pneumonia or CHF. Moderate cardiac\n enlargement is stable in appearance. Findings: There are low lung volumes without focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged, there is\n stable widening of the mediastinum. Pulmonary vasculature appears normal."} {"question_id": 146, "question": "Has there been a comparison to a prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified."} {"question_id": 147, "question": "Is the Swan-Ganz catheter's distal tip located in the main pulmonary outflow tract?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified."} {"question_id": 148, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified."} {"question_id": 149, "question": "Is there a moderate right-sided pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified."} {"question_id": 150, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13135946/s56680924/3433048d-a6c5dc75-1a99a0b6-1f89a734-ef0b39b8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a Swan-Ganz catheter whose distal lead tip is in the main pulmonary\n outflow tract. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is again seen\n moderate right-sized pleural effusion which is stable. There is some\n improvement in the pulmonary vascular edema. There are no pneumothoraces\n identified."} {"question_id": 151, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 152, "question": "Is there diffuse increased opacity in the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 153, "question": "Are air bronchograms present in the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 154, "question": "Has the pre-existing right pleural effusion increased in size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 155, "question": "Are there any changes noted in the left lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/c7bb0e40-1f6e7506-544a2f87-79320653-743f3351.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 156, "question": "Does the patient have pneumonia in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 157, "question": "Is there a probable right subpulmonic effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 158, "question": "Has the Swan-Ganz catheter been removed from the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 159, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 160, "question": "Is there any evidence of a left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s50453673/0ebfea17-388d6e3e-19b4850d-4da084f8-0088c1c3.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia with probable right subpulmonic\n effusion. Findings: Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed, and a\n right-sided Port-A-Cath is noted with tip in the lower SVC. Consolidative\n opacity within the right lower lobe is concerning for pneumonia. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with lateralization of the diaphragmatic\n peak suggesting a subpulmonic effusion. The cardiac silhouette size is top\n normal. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vascular markings. No\n left-sided pleural effusion is seen, and there is no pneumothorax. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 161, "question": "Is there a new left subclavian line present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg", "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 162, "question": "Is the tip of the left subclavian line correctly positioned at the cavoatrial junction? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg", "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 163, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg", "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 164, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly and signs compatible with congestive heart failure (CHF)? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg", "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 165, "question": "Has a pneumothorax been identified on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54614605/e38221a2-36d9eedb-5a9af804-2eba7cb0-ea8d7ffd.jpg", "report": "impression: New left central line. No pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new left subclavian line with tip at the cavoatrial junction. Lung\n volumes are low. The right lower lobe opacities unchanged. There continues to\n be cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution, ill-defined vascularity,\n and retrocardiac opacity compatible with CHF. The NG tube and large bore right\n IJ line are unchanged. The ET tube is 2 cm above the Carina. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 166, "question": "Does the patient have a double-lumen dialysis catheter placed on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 167, "question": "Is the enlargement of the cardiac silhouette considered stable when compared to prior exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 168, "question": "Is the aortic knob calcified?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 169, "question": "Are there possible small bilateral pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 170, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58351865/f2166859-f4629ed4-014033b5-930fc410-8a9f51c9.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Double-lumen\n left-sided dialysis catheter is seen terminating in the right atrium, stable\n in position. There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The\n aortic knob remains calcified. There is prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature, similar to prior. There may be small bilateral pleural\n effusions. The lateral view is suboptimal due to patient's overlying arm and\n a posterior lung consolidation is not excluded. No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 171, "question": "Does the patient have any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 172, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 173, "question": "Can pneumomediastinum be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 174, "question": "Are the opacities at the bases likely indicative of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 175, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette remarkable in any way?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51836430/1d1bc795-245a8bf2-267d7b91-209d78ab-a1e3f52f.jpg", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n Opacities at the bases are likely atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 176, "question": "Has the right upper lobe opacity changed since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through."} {"question_id": 177, "question": "Is the hyperinflation of the lungs evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through."} {"question_id": 178, "question": "Is the 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule showing signs of growth?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through."} {"question_id": 179, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through."} {"question_id": 180, "question": "Has the patient undergone esophagectomy and gastric pull-through surgery as indicated by the cardiac and mediastinal contours?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s51184012/7c90c07b-1bc26a56-953fb718-22a14ecc-13cba6ed.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right upper lobe ill-defined opacity has changed configuration\n compared to the prior study and may be reflective of recurrent pneumonia or\n aspiration.\n \n Change in interpretation from the preliminary to final report was communicated\n with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___ on ___ by ___ Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and diaphragms are flattened. An ill-defined\n opacity in the right upper lobe is persists compared to ___, and\n has changed configuration slightly. An 8 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule\n is stable. A small right effusion or pleural thickening is unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged, and the\n patient is status post esophagectomy and gastric pull-through."} {"question_id": 181, "question": "Have the right chest and mediastinal drain tubes been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg", "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact."} {"question_id": 182, "question": "Is there any appreciable pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg", "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact."} {"question_id": 183, "question": "Has the left lower lung opacity increased since the last report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg", "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact."} {"question_id": 184, "question": "Is there any significant change in the upper mediastinum?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg", "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact."} {"question_id": 185, "question": "Can evidence of a prior median sternotomy be seen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s58094975/fb85016a-bff648ee-d64f0e6d-8bf72ac1-ce274815.jpg", "report": "Since ___, right chest and mediastinal drain tubes have\n been removed. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. Left lower lung opacity\n obscuring the left cardiomediastinal border and the left lung base has\n minimally worsened since ___ and is combination of moderate left\n effusion and left lower lung atelectasis. Riight basal atelectasis and\n presumed small right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no significant\n change in the upper mediastinal. Right internal jugular sheath has its tip\n ending at the upper SVC. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and\n sternal sutures are intact."} {"question_id": 186, "question": "Has there been a change in lung volumes compared to the most recent examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg", "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia."} {"question_id": 187, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg", "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia."} {"question_id": 188, "question": "Is the indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature a new finding?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg", "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia."} {"question_id": 189, "question": "Are the opacities observed in the lungs more confluent on the left than in previous examinations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg", "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia."} {"question_id": 190, "question": "Is the chest X-ray suggestive of possible mild edema and superimposed pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50382515/29a9ca2f-50292418-e78e2999-12755e18-3103a476.jpg", "report": "impression: Possible mild edema with superimposed pneumonia. Findings: In comparison with the most recent examination, lung volumes slightly lower. \n The cardiac silhouette is stably enlarged. Again noted is a mild\n indistinctness of the pulmonary vasculature with superimposed opacities\n bilaterally, more confluent on the left than previously noted, consistent with\n superimposed pneumonia."} {"question_id": 191, "question": "Does the right upper extremity PICC line terminate at the superior cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged."} {"question_id": 192, "question": "Is there evidence of stable cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged."} {"question_id": 193, "question": "Is there definitive evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged."} {"question_id": 194, "question": "Are the dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve in a stable position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged."} {"question_id": 195, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50654010/1e7e7b71-9afe22dc-51aaf15b-79809a2a-bd5d192d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior cavoatrial\n junction.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Dual-chamber pacemaker and aortic valve are in stable position. Sternal wires\n are intact. Right upper extremity PICC line terminates at the superior\n cavoatrial junction. There is slight elevation of the right hemidiaphragm,\n and seen on prior studies. No definite parenchymal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is mildly enlarged."} {"question_id": 196, "question": "Is there opacification in the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position."} {"question_id": 197, "question": "Is a CT scan recommended for further assessment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position."} {"question_id": 198, "question": "Is the right lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position."} {"question_id": 199, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position."} {"question_id": 200, "question": "Does the patient have a pacemaker with biventricular leads?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58001075/1ed95e47-83a54489-79ebd823-db934045-acd7ca23.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe opacification with mild volume loss concerning\n for pneumonic consolidation and possibly post-obstructive pneumonitis\n associated with a new central mass, radiation stricture, or mucus plug. More\n central denser opacity may represent mass or particularly dense area of\n consolidation. CT is recommended to better assess if needed clinically,\n preferably with intravenous contrast if no contraindications exist. \n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 3:30 p.m. on ___ by telephone. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is new diffuse patchy opacities\n throughout the left upper lobe and lingula. The left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated. There is a more dense opacity compared to the prior study\n and is concerning for either a mass or more confluent consolidation. Prior\n radiation changes are also seen within the left lung. There is a small\n pleural effusion on the left. The mediastinal and cardiac contours on the\n left are blurred by superimposed lung opacification. The right mediastinal\n and hilar and cardiac contours are normal. Pacemaker is in place with\n biventricular leads in the appropriate position."} {"question_id": 201, "question": "Is the heart size within the top-normal range?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact."} {"question_id": 202, "question": "Is there a tiny left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact."} {"question_id": 203, "question": "Do the calcified structures in the lungs suggest the presence of calcified granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact."} {"question_id": 204, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact."} {"question_id": 205, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal contour?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s57667161/9cc3281f-64ff9f26-d2f759b1-ee26296f-50d416d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, tiny left effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is top-normal heart\n size with tiny left pleural effusion. Calcified nodular structures in the left\n upper lung and right mid to lower lung likely represent calcified granulomas.\n There is no evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Mediastinal contour stable. Bony\n structures intact."} {"question_id": 206, "question": "Has the right-sided pleural effusion increased in volume compared to the prior examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 207, "question": "Is there collapse of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 208, "question": "Could the consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe be due to compressive atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 209, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 210, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53025898/6d864779-3ef443ae-59264dbd-d63f8a20-cf4aa1e5.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion with\n collapse of much of the right middle lobe and right lower lobe. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unchanged. A moderate to large right-sided pleural effusion is\n slightly increased in volume compared to prior examination with collapse of\n much of the right lower lobe and right middle lobe. There is also some\n consolidation at the base of the right upper lobe which could be due to\n compressive atelectasis. There is no left effusion. The upper lung zones\n appear clear. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 211, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged."} {"question_id": 212, "question": "Are there any acute intrathoracic processes identified?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged."} {"question_id": 213, "question": "Are the lungs clear despite being low in volume?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged."} {"question_id": 214, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged."} {"question_id": 215, "question": "Does the patient have a pacemaker with leads in the right atrium and right ventricle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s56858524/fc2dd069-a9848695-2c9cc70c-cf06c0f6-38694917.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are low in volume but clear. The cardiac silhouette is possibly\n mildly enlarged. Low lung volumes may be responsible for mild widening of the\n mediastinal silhouette. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pleural effusion is present. A left-sided pacer terminates with its leads\n in the right atrium and right ventricle. Non-standard placement of the right\n atrial lead is unchanged."} {"question_id": 216, "question": "Has the patient undergone a sternotomy in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation."} {"question_id": 217, "question": "Is there moderate cardiac enlargement present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation."} {"question_id": 218, "question": "Is there a permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and an ICD device visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation."} {"question_id": 219, "question": "Are there signs of acute CHF (congestive heart failure) on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation."} {"question_id": 220, "question": "Does the X-ray show any acute parenchymal infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s54899257/0c0e3903-2f744a5c-3750bad4-6d772736-6bf1c8a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pneumonia. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright position using AP\n frontal view and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding portable chest examination of ___. As before, there\n is status post sternotomy. Moderate cardiac enlargement is seen. Previously\n identified permanent pacer with dual intracavitary electrodes and ICD device\n in unchanged position. The same holds for the recently placed right-sided\n PICC line which is now seen to reach in the upper third of the right atrium. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement as before. No signs of acute CHF and no acute\n parenchymal infiltrates are present. Lateral and posterior pleural sinuses\n are free from any fluid accumulation."} {"question_id": 221, "question": "Has there been any relevant change from the previous study conducted 10 hours prior?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg", "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact."} {"question_id": 222, "question": "Is there a right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg", "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact."} {"question_id": 223, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg", "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact."} {"question_id": 224, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg", "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact."} {"question_id": 225, "question": "Are there signs of atelectasis at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s54232340/a160eb01-5f36fb58-b0a04a57-1773448e-934b5036.jpg", "report": "impression: No relevant change from study 10 hours prior. Stable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The heart is of\n normal size with stable cardiomediastinal contours. A small right pleural\n effusion is similar to the exam 10 hours prior. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is small atelectasis at the right base. \n Chronic-appearing right rib fractures are similar to prior. Sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are intact."} {"question_id": 226, "question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable."} {"question_id": 227, "question": "Are there bilateral interstitial opacities present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable."} {"question_id": 228, "question": "Is there evidence of a new focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable."} {"question_id": 229, "question": "Is there any sign of a pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable."} {"question_id": 230, "question": "Does the patient have leftward scoliosis of the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59862902/02ed59f0-43d0aa6f-4bf3340b-c891b4b8-42ea5f9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial opacities, likely due to interstitial edema. If\n the diagnosis is in doubt clinically, followup radiographs after diuresis may\n be helpful to exclude the possibility of an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Findings: Bilateral interstitial opacities likely represent interstitial edema. There\n is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Leftward scoliosis of the thoracic size stable."} {"question_id": 231, "question": "Is there a possible pneumonia in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips."} {"question_id": 232, "question": "Is there evidence of increasing volume overload in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips."} {"question_id": 233, "question": "Does the right dialysis catheter terminate in the mid right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips."} {"question_id": 234, "question": "Are there signs of a small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips."} {"question_id": 235, "question": "Are there changes consistent with a previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s55874928/fae734b5-cdbcad8f-13e2fcaf-8e2731ff-ca43dfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Increasing volume overload. Findings: Right dialysis catheter again terminates in the mid right atrium. \n Lungs are overinflated, with biapical hyperlucency. There is new right lower\n lobe opacity with obscuration of the hemidiaphragm. Increasing volume\n overload with mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and\n interstitial/early airspace pulmonary edema. Probable small left effusion. \n CABG changes are noted, with median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips."} {"question_id": 236, "question": "Have the sternotomy wires changed position since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg", "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered."} {"question_id": 237, "question": "Are the heart and mediastinal contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg", "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered."} {"question_id": 238, "question": "Has the left-sided pleural effusion increased since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg", "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered."} {"question_id": 239, "question": "Is the right lung clear of any abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg", "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered."} {"question_id": 240, "question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the left side based on the line seen between the ribs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12538508/s55670303/4639cd47-e73a89d3-48315552-a87979a8-7dd4f191.jpg", "report": "Sternotomy wires are unchanged. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits and stable. There has been interval decrease in a\n left-sided pleural effusion with some persisting left basilar atelectasis. \n The right lung is clear. A line between the posterior aspects of the left\n third and fourth rib space is more compatible with a skin fold rather than the\n visceral pleura of the lung, so pneumothorax is not favored. However, given\n the recent instrumentation, if growing clinical concern for pneumothorax\n exists, short-interval followup may be considered."} {"question_id": 241, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show moderate interstitial pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 242, "question": "Is the heart size on the X-ray enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 243, "question": "Are there moderate bilateral pleural effusions evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 244, "question": "Is there any evidence of lobar pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 245, "question": "Can embolic coiling material be seen in the mid abdomen on the lateral view?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s55198163/84ffb901-893b00a7-7f2090be-d5cf6a4e-c34ab763.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiac silhouette enlargement, and\n pleural effusions suggest CHF. No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is moderately enlarged, there\n are moderate bilateral pleural effusion. There is no lobar consolidation. \n The aortic contour is mildly tortuous. Embolic coiling material is seen in\n the mid abdomen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 246, "question": "Are there increased interstitial markings at the left lung base on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring."} {"question_id": 247, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring."} {"question_id": 248, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated, based on the chest X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring."} {"question_id": 249, "question": "Is there evidence of emphysema in the left lung apex on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring."} {"question_id": 250, "question": "Are there osseous or soft tissue abnormalities on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s59503672/146e8390-fd657795-492c6a0b-7aaa1bef-06c08c00.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings at the left lung base,\n potentially due to chronic changes; however, in the proper clinical setting,\n component of infection is also possible. Two views of the chest may help\n further characterize. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. As on prior, the lungs are hyperinflated with parenchymal\n changes suggestive of emphysema, particularly at the left lung apex. \n Increased interstitial markings are identified at the left lung base. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are grossly clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \n Linear patchy at the right lung base is compatible with atelectasis versus\n scarring."} {"question_id": 251, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg", "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 252, "question": "Is the increased right pleural effusion noted to be partly subpulmonic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg", "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 253, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg", "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 254, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg", "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 255, "question": "Is the heart size beyond the normal range?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s57330459/ac58123d-32acfa38-3c734ace-8ef59986-fcca19ef.jpg", "report": "impression: Significantly increased partly subpulmonic right pleural effusion\n since prior exam.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone on ___ at 12:10 p.m. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been substantial increase in\n the right pleural effusion that is partly subpulmonic. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Heart size\n is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 256, "question": "Has the patient undergone a left lower lobe lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg", "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged."} {"question_id": 257, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg", "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged."} {"question_id": 258, "question": "Is there evidence of volume loss in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg", "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged."} {"question_id": 259, "question": "Are the mediastinal and cardiac contours enlarged?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg", "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged."} {"question_id": 260, "question": "Is there any abnormal finding in the right lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53225437/ed9e09e7-e22ee204-4a73ca03-dc121d89-5ca5a446.jpg", "report": "impression: The exam is stable since ___ with expected changes after left\n lower lobe lobectomy. Findings: The patient had left lower lobe lobectomy in ___. Expected stable\n surgical changes are seen in the left lung with volume loss and mild pleural\n thickening. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are not enlarged."} {"question_id": 261, "question": "Does the patient show signs of pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 262, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 263, "question": "Is there increased lucency in the right upper lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 264, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation indicative of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 265, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette moderately enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s50545797/c768ecd2-dec91075-b6e6d204-6a9d0da8-e1ce939a.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema or focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of focal consolidation. There is\n relative increased lucency in the right upper lung which is similar compared\n to prior. Elsewhere, interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent when\n compared to prior suggesting pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n consolidation suspicious for pneumonia nor pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 266, "question": "Does the patient have a large hiatal hernia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg", "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine."} {"question_id": 267, "question": "Are there multifocal areas of atelectasis in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg", "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine."} {"question_id": 268, "question": "Is there any evidence of lung consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg", "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine."} {"question_id": 269, "question": "Are small pleural effusions present on both sides?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg", "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine."} {"question_id": 270, "question": "Has the patient undergone vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15541869/s55266015/a2958de9-3f5b2b3e-0f868adb-1bfb09df-e2f90c3e.jpg", "report": "impression: Large hiatal hernia. Multifocal atelectasis and small pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance with persistent\n very large hiatal hernia. Linear areas of atelectasis are present in both mid\n lung regions, and atelectasis is also identified in the lower lungs adjacent\n to the large hiatal hernia. No areas of consolidation are evident. Small\n pleural effusions are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized,\n and multilevel compression deformities are present, most marked at the\n thoracolumbar junction and upper lumbar region, with similar appearance in the\n thoracic spine to recent CT of ___. The patient is status post\n vertebroplasty procedures in the upper lumbar spine."} {"question_id": 271, "question": "Is there any evidence of an acute intrathoracic process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 272, "question": "Are there overlying EKG leads present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 273, "question": "Is there minimal platelike atelectasis on the left base of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 274, "question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 275, "question": "Are the imaged osseous structures intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11673948/s53339862/c375e421-68a1e118-133cd727-71b1be6f-8d62fa58.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Overlying ekg leads are present. \n Minimal platelike left basal atelectasis is noted. Otherwise lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 276, "question": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 277, "question": "Is there an elevation of the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 278, "question": "Is there atelectasis present at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 279, "question": "Has any new focal consolidation been identified?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 280, "question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s52078894/cfc2ef1b-a194024a-6147d0d3-6d42379a-575c395f.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists. There is persistent right base atelectasis. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 281, "question": "Has there been any significant change in the chest X-ray findings in the last 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged."} {"question_id": 282, "question": "Is there evidence of a postoperative status on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged."} {"question_id": 283, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged."} {"question_id": 284, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged."} {"question_id": 285, "question": "Is the intra-aortic balloon pump device properly positioned in the descending thoracic aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s54849848/9189763d-c3b6ee12-d0d89f14-29a0cb1f-e3dee331.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval changes during the last 24 hours\n interval. The described changes with postoperative status, CHF, pleural\n effusion and intra-aortic balloon pump device in place is of course compatible\n with the patient's hypoxia. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n sitting semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding\n portable chest examination with the patient in supine position as of ___. Again noted is status post sternotomy and significant enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. Previously described permanent pacer in left axillary\n position with two intracavitary electrodes in unchanged location. Unchanged\n position of left internal jugular approach central venous line terminating in\n upper portion of SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. Diffuse haze over both\n lung bases as before obliterating the diaphragmatic contours and indicative of\n bilateral pleural effusions partially layering posteriorly. The pulmonary\n venous congestive pattern persists. An intra-aortic balloon pump device is\n seen to terminate in the descending thoracic aorta about 3 cm below the level\n of the lower thoracic arch contour. This is unchanged."} {"question_id": 286, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma."} {"question_id": 287, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma."} {"question_id": 288, "question": "Can underlying consolidation due to infection be ruled out?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma."} {"question_id": 289, "question": "Are there surgical clips present indicative of a history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma."} {"question_id": 290, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "No. (It is described as 'top normal in size but unchanged.')", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51844819/5dfffffd-68cbd012-f3428c65-ebd2ffd8-57793a0c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild pulmonary vascular congestion from ___ with small right\n pleural effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Right basilar opacity may be\n combination of above, but underlying consolidation due to infection is not\n excluded.\n 2. Staple, suture material and scar in the left upper-to-mid lung. Findings: The lungs appear hyperexpanded. There is mild increased pulmonary\n vascular congestion from ___. A small right pleural effusion is likely\n present with mild right basilar atelectasis. Right base consolidation is not\n entirely excluded. No significant left pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Suture chain material and scarring in the left upper-to-mid lung\n zone is not significantly changed. Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are\n compatible with history of CABG surgery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal\n in size but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits with moderate tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Lobulation\n at the apex of the left hemi thorax along the mediastinal border is stable,\n residual of slowly resolving hematoma."} {"question_id": 291, "question": "Has the interstitial pulmonary edema worsened since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged."} {"question_id": 292, "question": "Are the diffuse interstitial opacities stable compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged."} {"question_id": 293, "question": "Is there a new small left pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged."} {"question_id": 294, "question": "Has the size of the heart (cardiomegaly) changed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged."} {"question_id": 295, "question": "Are the aortic arch calcifications new findings on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s52606958/c9fff184-4c819069-e151edf5-6591caae-9a76e8f0.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate to severe interstitial pulmonary edema is worse compared with ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Diffuse interstitial\n opacities have progressed since ___. The hila are indistinct. There\n is a new small left pleural effusion. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar. \n Aortic arch calcifications are similar. There is a stable convex left\n thoracic scoliosis. Thoracic vertebral compression fractures and old left\n clavicle fracture are unchanged."} {"question_id": 296, "question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations."} {"question_id": 297, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the hilar and mediastinal contours?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations."} {"question_id": 298, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy with aortic valve repair as evident on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations."} {"question_id": 299, "question": "Can a pacer with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations."} {"question_id": 300, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s59440363/4dd16b7e-2f2d14a6-589fa0e3-f24d8230-874d3c21.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough and asthma flare. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with aortic valve repair. There is a pacer with the\n leads terminating appropriately in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is an aortic valve prosthesis. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are no focal consolidations."} {"question_id": 301, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema worsened compared to the recent exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 302, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 303, "question": "Have the interstitial markings increased since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 304, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 305, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/4a834d65-3c7a5557-474061e3-4903563c-7ac8bfb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 306, "question": "Are the lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker unchanged from the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 307, "question": "Is there any evidence of moderate cardiomegaly on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 308, "question": "Does the patient have moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 309, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 310, "question": "Are there any new parenchymal opacities identified in this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/469b6bc3-cd9c3a49-238f4c5d-38cce895-b225e937.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 311, "question": "Are there diffuse interstitial abnormalities present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 312, "question": "Are there small nodules identified in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 313, "question": "Is there any noticeable progression of the interstitial abnormalities or nodules compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 314, "question": "Have the lung volumes improved since the most recent prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 315, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s54218896/e4e0e4ff-71138eac-7cef38bd-ce820887-d59037ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial abnormalities, small nodules, with no\n appreciable progression. Improved lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are increased compared to the\n most recent prior study. Diffuse interstitial abnormality with small nodules\n not significantly changed. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 316, "question": "Does the patient have a persistent opacity in the region of the lingular mass?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg", "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 317, "question": "Is the size of the persistent opacity approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg", "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 318, "question": "Is the current opacity larger than what would be expected for postoperative hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg", "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 319, "question": "Is there a suspicion for a possible infectious process in the area of the mass?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg", "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 320, "question": "Are the mediastinal and cardiac silhouettes appearing normal on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s56116675/cbe3bc41-e94a672f-5fdd94a6-aa2446b0-e821a444.jpg", "report": "impression: In the region of the known lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity\n measuring approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm which is decreased in comparison to the\n postbiopsy opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for\n postoperative hemorrhage at this time; thus raising suspicion for a possible\n infectious process.\n \n These findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:42 am on ___. Findings: In the region of the lingular mass, there is a persistent opacity measuring\n approximately 6.2 x 5.0 cm and decreased in comparison to the postbiopsy\n opacity noted in ___ but greater than expected for postoperative\n hemorrhage at this time and thus raising suspicion for a possible infectious\n process. Otherwise, the right lung is clear. Mediastinal and cardiac\n silhouettes appears normal. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 321, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema increased in extent compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 322, "question": "Are there atelectatic changes present at both lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 323, "question": "Is there atelectasis at the base of the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 324, "question": "Does the patient have a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 325, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s59450064/54035728-03eb01c3-1af39698-5f789e6f-686ca166.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is increasing\n pulmonary edema that is now mild-to-moderate in extent. In addition,\n atelectatic changes are seen at both lung bases as well as at the bases of the\n right upper lobe. Status post CABG. The lateral radiograph shows\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusion. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 326, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring."} {"question_id": 327, "question": "Is there a displaced rib fracture evident on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring."} {"question_id": 328, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring."} {"question_id": 329, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the imaging?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring."} {"question_id": 330, "question": "Is there a possibility of minimal left basilar linear atelectasis or scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s54759244/f762fbc6-ca1926fb-06f3ef2a-b996a151-66a3b743.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fracture seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest and 2 additional views of the\n left-sided ribs were obtained. A BB marker projects over the lateral ninth\n and ___ left ribs indicating patient's site of concern. No displaced\n fracture is seen. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. There may be very minimal left basilar linear\n atelectasis/scarring."} {"question_id": 331, "question": "Does the patient have unchanged bibasilar opacities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation."} {"question_id": 332, "question": "Is pneumonia a potential consideration for the patient's condition?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation."} {"question_id": 333, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema improved since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation."} {"question_id": 334, "question": "Is there evidence of a tracheostomy on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation."} {"question_id": 335, "question": "Does the patient have a large right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No. (The report states a \"small right pleural effusion\" which is unchanged.)", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57765703/2f8ca5e2-5a1e02ab-e84f7547-069743e9-0f08d9e0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged bibasilar opacities are consistent with atelectasis or\n consolidation and pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n context.\n 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph is obtained with the patient in the\n semi-erect position. Tracheostomy noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged; bulging of the pulmonary outflow tract reflects enlargement of\n pulmonary arteries and suggests underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Pulmonary edema has slightly improved compared to the prior study. Small\n right pleural effusion is unchanged. Again bibasilar opacifications are noted\n and are suggestive of atelectasis or consolidation."} {"question_id": 336, "question": "Has there been an interval development of moderate pulmonary edema since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged."} {"question_id": 337, "question": "Is the lung volume decreased compared to previous X-rays?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged."} {"question_id": 338, "question": "Are there any definite pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged."} {"question_id": 339, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged."} {"question_id": 340, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59108077/bfb7a467-e88452aa-9ca0804d-6b66419b-ebbeec35.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate pulmonary edema, compatible with\n cardiac decompensation. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval decrease in\n lung volumes, and interval development of moderate alveolar and interstitial\n pulmonary edema. There are no definite effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. Calcification of the aortic\n knob is unchanged."} {"question_id": 341, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 342, "question": "Is there a possibility of bibasilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 343, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 344, "question": "Is there a trace of left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 345, "question": "Is there any large pneumothorax observed on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s52937624/d9cc9107-872f0471-6fba0396-edc86cf6-6e1a2a4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases cannot be excluded in the correct clinical setting. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Exam is limited by patient positioning as well as the patient's chin and neck\n obscuring the lung apices. Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is\n moderately enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are noted at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular\n structures is present with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Small\n left pleural effusion is likely present. Patchy bibasilar opacities may\n reflect atelectasis. No large pneumothorax is present. There are\n hypertrophic changes noted in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 346, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary abnormality?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region."} {"question_id": 347, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region."} {"question_id": 348, "question": "Are there any findings suggesting engorged pulmonary vasculature?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region."} {"question_id": 349, "question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region."} {"question_id": 350, "question": "Are there multiple clips present in the right paramediastinal region of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57258004/6e2797cc-f1c60fb3-30a651cc-c23cf3d1-b15803bb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Multiple clips are again noted in the right\n paramediastinal region."} {"question_id": 351, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube placed appropriately?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg", "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 352, "question": "Does the patient have moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg", "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 353, "question": "Is there a small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg", "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 354, "question": "Are the lung volumes low bilaterally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg", "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 355, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette clear and well-defined?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54211038/f2a7f664-bfff0efe-5bb44ad4-469f58a4-0e6b7892.jpg", "report": "impression: Appropriately placed ET tube. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ at 4:55 p.m. via phone by\n ___. Findings: New endotracheal tube is seen appropriately positioned terminating\n no less than 2.5 cm above the carina. There are low lung volumes bilaterally\n with moderate pulmonary edema . Small quantity of bilateral pleural effusion\n is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is somewhat obscured but is stable and\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 356, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg", "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged."} {"question_id": 357, "question": "Was the finding of the endotracheal tube placement communicated to a medical professional?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg", "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged."} {"question_id": 358, "question": "Are there any changes in the appearance of the lungs compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg", "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged."} {"question_id": 359, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg", "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged."} {"question_id": 360, "question": "Is the left internal jugular (IJ) line placement unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s50301215/60c60c6e-1471b41d-d8ae011a-299592ea-7c39d5e7.jpg", "report": "The endotracheal tube is too high, at the thoracic inlet. This\n finding was called to the CCU nurse, ___ at 5:00 p.m. at the time of\n dictating this report by Dr. ___. Otherwise, the appearance of the lungs\n is unchanged. Pacemaker and left IJ line are unchanged."} {"question_id": 361, "question": "Have the bilateral pleural effusions resolved since the previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas."} {"question_id": 362, "question": "Is the heart size enlarged on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas."} {"question_id": 363, "question": "Could the enlarged heart be indicative of cardiomyopathy or a pericardial effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas."} {"question_id": 364, "question": "Has the right-sided PICC line been removed since the previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas."} {"question_id": 365, "question": "Are there calcified granulomas present in the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53462705/d20291fc-8d626aa2-b3b2ef02-6f8b81ac-12f2432d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Heart size remains enlarged. This could be indicative of cardiomyopathy\n or a pericardial effusion. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line. The\n cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There has been resolution of bilateral\n pleural effusions. Again visualized are two calcified left upper lobe\n granulomas."} {"question_id": 366, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute cardiopulmonary processes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 367, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated or well expanded on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 368, "question": "Is costochondral calcification present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 369, "question": "Can any focal consolidation be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 370, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s57977763/d2dc716d-a9421294-0f30f0db-ef17232a-0cb5f249.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated/well expanded. Costochondral calcification is noted. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 371, "question": "Is there a retrocardiac opacity that may indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted."} {"question_id": 372, "question": "Is there evidence of hilar congestion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted."} {"question_id": 373, "question": "Is a right IJ access dialysis catheter present with its tip near the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted."} {"question_id": 374, "question": "Has the retrocardiac opacity progressed from the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted."} {"question_id": 375, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57988903/6c0daac8-adefbe30-1a6a00e7-ac963bb6-fc69e8e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity concerning for pneumonia.\n 2. Hilar congestion. Findings: Right IJ access dialysis catheter again noted with its tip in the region of\n the right atrium. Increased retrocardiac opacity raises concern for\n pneumonia. Findings appear progressed from prior exam. The heart size is\n stable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour unchanged. \n Hilar congestion again noted."} {"question_id": 376, "question": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray reduced?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question_id": 377, "question": "Has the left internal jugular central venous catheter been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question_id": 378, "question": "Is the heart size on the X-ray image borderline enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question_id": 379, "question": "Are there worsening consolidative opacities in the right upper lung field suggestive of multifocal pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question_id": 380, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s55736427/4b842f9a-e380a620-f62f355a-f706be25-95150ec3.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening multifocal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Low lung volumes. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. The left internal jugular central venous catheter\n has been removed. The heart size is borderline enlarged, but accentuated due\n to low inspiratory lung volumes. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures with probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Worsening\n consolidative opacity in the right upper lung field as well as focal opacities\n within the left upper and bilateral lower lung fields are concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities visualized. Clips are demonstrated within the left\n upper quadrant of the abdomen."} {"question_id": 381, "question": "Does the feeding tube extend below the level of the diaphragms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg", "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 382, "question": "Is the feeding tube visible within the stomach on this radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg", "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 383, "question": "Is there a dual lead pacemaker present on the left chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg", "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 384, "question": "Does the tip of the right PICC line reach the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg", "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 385, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s50492868/f3c65ae4-81c03654-c3fe857f-dec24a17-a5a118b9.jpg", "report": "impression: The feeding tube extends below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field\n of view of this radiograph, likely however within the distal stomach. No other\n significant interval change since the prior radiograph. Findings: The feeding tube extends below the level of the diaphragms but beyond the\n field of view of this radiograph, likely within the distal stomach. A left\n chest wall dual lead pacemaker is present. The tip of the right PICC line\n extends to the level of the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n and appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 386, "question": "Is there a moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg", "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 387, "question": "Is the right-sided chest tube visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg", "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 388, "question": "Has the pneumothorax increased in size since the prior X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg", "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 389, "question": "Are bilateral parenchymal opacities present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg", "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 390, "question": "Is the tracheostomy tube positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s55336208/1479bd69-820c7589-5e02e82e-b713275f-99aed79d.jpg", "report": "There is moderate amount of right-sided subcutaneous emphysema\n which is similar in appearance compared to prior. Right-sided chest tube is\n again visualized. There is no increase in the pneumothorax. Bilateral\n parenchymal opacities are again visualized and not significantly changed. The\n tracheostomy tube is in standard location. Right subclavian line tip is in\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 391, "question": "Does the patient still have a lingular consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 392, "question": "Is the lingular consolidation decreasing in size compared to prior studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 393, "question": "Is there any definite focal consolidation on the right side of the chest?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 394, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 395, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes considered stable and unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56951123/0e20294a-a19790ed-687b001e-481e4273-f89dd2c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular consolidation persists but continues to decrease in size\n as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There\n remains small residual consolidation in the lingula, which continues to\n decrease in size as compared to the prior studies. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen on the right. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 396, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation, effusion, or edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 397, "question": "Is there any evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 398, "question": "Can coronary artery stents be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 399, "question": "Are median sternotomy wires present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 400, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s51511674/bf73d8b0-3e093d0f-dd91f13c-0d6e276b-53136b54.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar compared to prior. Coronary artery stents and median\n sternotomy wires are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 401, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg", "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally."} {"question_id": 402, "question": "Is there a left PICC line present in the current exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg", "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally."} {"question_id": 403, "question": "Are lower lung volumes observed in the current exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg", "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally."} {"question_id": 404, "question": "Are there possible small bilateral pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg", "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally."} {"question_id": 405, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette changed in size since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No. (It is described as enlarged but stable, implying no change in size.)", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58581234/3bb2cb54-60f696d8-9dfcbee7-5a506428-c7316197.jpg", "report": "impression: Finding suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion with possible\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified left PICC line is no longer seen. \n Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are also possible small\n bilateral pleural effusions noting that lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms obscuring visualization. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but\n stable. Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints\n bilaterally."} {"question_id": 406, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged."} {"question_id": 407, "question": "Are the chronic parenchymal changes considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged."} {"question_id": 408, "question": "Is there any indication of acute pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged."} {"question_id": 409, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged."} {"question_id": 410, "question": "Are the median sternotomy cerclage wires intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53417168/63bc3ab0-da8f9dcb-006bcd2c-5af27843-de7a7597.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n 2. Stable chronic parenchymal changes.\n 3. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: An AP upright radiograph of the chest is provided. There is no\n significant change from the prior examination. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Chronic parenchymal opacities which are better demonstrated on the\n prior chest CT are also unchanged. There is no evidence of superimposed\n airspace opacification or pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Median sternotomy cerclage wires are intact. The right\n pectoral AICD and its leads are unchanged."} {"question_id": 411, "question": "Does the patient have a central venous catheter in place? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg", "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis."} {"question_id": 412, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg", "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis."} {"question_id": 413, "question": "Has the patient undergone cardiac surgery, as indicated by a median sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg", "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis."} {"question_id": 414, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg", "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis."} {"question_id": 415, "question": "Is there a rib fracture visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s54770541/b267e44d-493a0dca-420b4fd5-a91a1026-c3386cac.jpg", "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the SVC. \n No interval change in mild pulmonary edema with continued left basilar\n consolidation possibly reflecting atelectasis or infection, with small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter\n tip terminates in the SVC. No pneumothorax is present. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve repair. There is continued\n opacification of the left lung base. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right are again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema. Subacute\n left posterior third rib fracture is present. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base may reflect atelectasis."} {"question_id": 416, "question": "Is there evidence of a left pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 417, "question": "Can the left base opacity be solely attributed to consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 418, "question": "Does the patient have a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 419, "question": "Is there an indication of mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 420, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette considered to be within normal size limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s59480739/04d8b146-8f27fd48-e07afc43-464529fc-57350e1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis,\n although consolidation is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is\n again seen with leads extending to the expected positions of the right atrium\n and likely right ventricle. There is blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n most consistent with a small left pleural effusion. Left base opacity may be\n due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis, although consolidation\n is not excluded. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are similar\n compared to ___. There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 421, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires."} {"question_id": 422, "question": "Are there pre-existing scars in the lung parenchyma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires."} {"question_id": 423, "question": "Has the size of the cardiac silhouette changed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires."} {"question_id": 424, "question": "Are there any larger pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires."} {"question_id": 425, "question": "Is the Dobbhoff catheter positioned correctly in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s54611996/dd28d7b2-1303acd7-f23b52ab-4c24a9ab-f7296720.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. The pre-existing scars in the lung\n parenchyma, notably at the left lung apex and left lung base are constant in\n appearance. Constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No larger pleural\n effusions. The Dobbhoff catheter has been pulled back. The catheter is now\n malpositioned in the esophagus and needs to be advanced by at least 10cm to\n ensure position in the stomach. Unchanged position of the left PICC line. \n Unchanged alignment of the sternotomy wires."} {"question_id": 426, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 427, "question": "Is the left-sided pacemaker in the appropriate position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 428, "question": "Are sternotomy wires visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 429, "question": "Has an aortic valve replacement been noted?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 430, "question": "Are there any new findings of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s52793175/1b3d4f71-68977c5e-a070ff6b-29584c84-b70bf667.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, unchanged compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. A left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires again seen. An aortic valve\n replacement is again noted. Faint haziness over the lower lung fields\n bilaterally, likely from patient's body habitus. This is unchanged. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 431, "question": "Does the patient exhibit signs of pulmonary vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal."} {"question_id": 432, "question": "Is the patient's heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal."} {"question_id": 433, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal."} {"question_id": 434, "question": "Are there any focal consolidations present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal."} {"question_id": 435, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax or pleural effusion detected?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s52589781/027b4660-9fc20c6a-35de711b-876f0690-f2fcb5a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Heart size is top\n normal. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is stable mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No evidence of pulmonary edema. There are no focal\n consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal."} {"question_id": 436, "question": "Is there evidence of left lower lobe pneumonia on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 437, "question": "Does the patient show increased opacification in the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 438, "question": "Is there obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 439, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of emphysema, such as hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 440, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/9870d11d-3a0d9c78-f49f71c6-58644dd5-ce1b85fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 441, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 442, "question": "Is there evidence of central pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 443, "question": "Can a left pectoral pacemaker with a single intact lead be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 444, "question": "Are there any bibasilar airspace opacities suggestive of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 445, "question": "Is there any indication of lobar consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s56605732/39513708-faae323a-d74bc04a-b49a24ec-fbe051f6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mild central pulmonary vascular congestion is noted. \n Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. There is no lobar\n consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 446, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg", "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium."} {"question_id": 447, "question": "Is it possible to definitively exclude underlying pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg", "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium."} {"question_id": 448, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes stable when compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg", "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium."} {"question_id": 449, "question": "Has a large-bore catheter been placed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg", "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium."} {"question_id": 450, "question": "Is the distal tip of the catheter clearly visible in the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s57032496/f12f4aff-464794a0-43804b4b-647ac047-cc14b671.jpg", "report": "Single AP semi-erect portable view of the chest was obtained. \n Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema is again seen. Difficult to exclude\n underlying pleural effusions. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. There has been interval placement of a large-bore left-sided\n catheter, distal tip not optimally seen, but likely terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium."} {"question_id": 451, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted"} {"question_id": 452, "question": "Are the lungs clear of consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted"} {"question_id": 453, "question": "Are the nodular opacities at the lung bases likely to be nipple shadows rather than pulmonary nodules?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted"} {"question_id": 454, "question": "Is there any change in the cardiac silhouette compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted"} {"question_id": 455, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of old healed rib fractures on the left lower side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s50211839/711d6472-5ff3166e-7741ea62-00213982-c3a8a67b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Nodular opacities at\n the lung bases are compatible with nipple shadows as opposed to pulmonary\n nodules. Cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications are\n again noted. Old healed left lower rib fractures are again noted"} {"question_id": 456, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT."} {"question_id": 457, "question": "Is the Port-A-Cath still in place on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT."} {"question_id": 458, "question": "Is there any new focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT."} {"question_id": 459, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes showing any change from the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT."} {"question_id": 460, "question": "Is there evidence of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15758946/s50020371/5e861703-66367757-f8a458b6-39741594-3ab89d41.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left-sided\n Port-A-Cath is again seen, terminating at the distal SVC/cavoatrial junction. \n Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle is seen. Chain sutures\n are again noted in the right mid lung. No new focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are hilar contours. Old right rib\n deformity is again seen involving posterior right eighth rib. Known lesion in\n the right scapula is better assessed on CT."} {"question_id": 461, "question": "Is there evidence of severe bilateral pulmonary edema in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence."} {"question_id": 462, "question": "Can pneumonia be ruled out based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence."} {"question_id": 463, "question": "Has the endotracheal tube been removed since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence."} {"question_id": 464, "question": "Is there any visible pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence."} {"question_id": 465, "question": "Are the costophrenic angles obscured, suggesting the presence of bilateral pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s50406925/c9fec029-7cff7a68-c85274cf-7a560cce-becdcb7e.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening, now severe, bilateral pulmonary edema. Supervening\n pneumonia can certainly not be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n Interval removal of endotracheal tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable. Findings: There has been an increase in the bilateral pulmonary edema status\n post extubation as evidenced by increased dense opacification, which is now\n nearly confluent consistent with severe pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate given intervening\n pulmonary edema opacity, however appears unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n There has been complete obscuration of the costophrenic angles suggestive of\n bilateral pleural effusions. Right IJ catheter is unchanged in position and\n ends in the upper SVC. Sternotomy wires are unchanged in position, aligned\n along the midline with no evidence of sternal dehiscence."} {"question_id": 466, "question": "Does the patient have a large right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg", "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 467, "question": "Is there evidence of compressive atelectasis affecting the right middle and lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg", "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 468, "question": "Has the pleural effusion changed significantly in size since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No. (It is described as \"stable to slightly increased\")", "image": "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg", "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 469, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg", "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 470, "question": "Is the cardiac size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12699874/s51280998/f46ebce4-270dbbd9-24602b65-695b054c-bcd8093c.jpg", "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion again seen, stable to slightly\n increased, likely loculated, with compressive atelectasis of major portions of\n the right middle and lower lobes. If the cause of the pleural effusion has not\n been established, recommended a CT of the chest with contrast, after\n thoracentesis to rule out an underlying mass. Findings: Again seen is a large pleural effusion,\n with likely a loculated component on the right, with compressive atelectasis\n of major portions of the right lower and middle lobes. There is no\n pneumothorax. The left lung is well expanded and clear. The cardiac size is\n within normal limits. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 471, "question": "Is the prominence of the left hilum less confluent compared to the prior study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 472, "question": "Is there a possibility of underlying lymphadenopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 473, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 474, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present on the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 475, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53619001/a9a7d29d-d6bfc7f0-0cf3ce22-1a6a9dbc-1df52ce1.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominence of the left hilum appears slightly less confluent as compared to\n the prior study, but otherwise persists; again, underlying lymphadenopathy is\n not entirely excluded, and could be further assessed for on nonurgent chest\n CT.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the left hilum which appears site less\n confluent as compared to ___, but more prominent as compared to chest\n radiograph from ___, underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded.No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 476, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted."} {"question_id": 477, "question": "Are there small effusions noted in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted."} {"question_id": 478, "question": "Is there probable fluid in the right fissure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted."} {"question_id": 479, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted."} {"question_id": 480, "question": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s54389393/d7395617-98bb6ef8-6f0187e5-2c3df909-6f3a57c4.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, small effusions with probable\n fluid in the right fissure. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Bibasilar opacities with\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which could be due to effusions. There\n are indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Relatively lentiform-shaped\n opacity over the right mid lung is suggestive of fluid within the fissure. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted."} {"question_id": 481, "question": "Has there been an improvement in the interstitial pulmonary edema since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted."} {"question_id": 482, "question": "Is there a complete resolution of the bilateral pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted."} {"question_id": 483, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted."} {"question_id": 484, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted."} {"question_id": 485, "question": "Are the post-surgical changes from median sternotomy and CABG still evident?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s53424979/469c319a-57c55551-e71b3f83-73849157-a180b0ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, improved from the\n previous exam. \n \n 2. Near-complete interval resolution of bilateral pleural effusions since\n ___. \n \n 3. Prominent mediastinal silhouette is most likely due to low lung volumes\n and patient's positioning. A repeat conventional PA and lateral radiographs\n will be helpful, when tolerated. Findings: Portable upright view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. There is near-complete resolution of\n bilateral pleural effusions seen on ___ exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or focal consolidation. Streaky opacity in the left juxtahilar region along\n with mild prominence of the pulmonary vascularity likely reflects mild\n interstitial edema, which is improved compared to the prior study. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is slightly widened, which is most\n likely due to low lung volumes and patient positioning. Post-surgical changes\n related to median sternotomy and CABG are again noted."} {"question_id": 486, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted."} {"question_id": 487, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion or interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted."} {"question_id": 488, "question": "Are there any focal consolidations seen in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted."} {"question_id": 489, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette mildly to moderately enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted."} {"question_id": 490, "question": "Is there partial calcification of the aortic knob?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s53386512/efea65d1-1ef297f0-129ff6e4-c843bd43-2db0b71d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema.\n 3. Right upper lobe densities, for which followup chest CT could be\n considered on a non-urgent basis. Findings: There are small bilateral pleural effusions with fluid extending\n into the major and minor fissures bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation. Rounded densities projecting over the peripheral right upper\n lung zone on the AP view may represent pulmonary nodules. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema. The cardiac silhouette is\n mild-to-moderately enlarged, but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Partial calcification of the aortic knob is noted."} {"question_id": 491, "question": "Does the patient have small bilateral pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question_id": 492, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidations in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question_id": 493, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires in the correct alignment?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question_id": 494, "question": "Is the dialysis catheter tip correctly positioned in the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question_id": 495, "question": "Has the left internal jugular line been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12189285/s59956784/02e0109a-820d6579-26cf0f89-4e81bca1-65cc007f.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small ilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidations.\n 2. Fractured and misaligned median sternotomy wires are stable, indicating\n chronic sternal nonunion. Findings: Dual-lumen dialysis catheter tip is in the right atrium. The\n previously noted left internal jugular line has since been removed. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is stable. Patient is status post median sternotomy with\n fractured median sternotomy wires which appear in disarray representative of\n sternal nonunion. Again visualized are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n greater on the right than the left with bibasilar atelectasis."} {"question_id": 496, "question": "Are there ill-defined nodular opacities in the upper lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg", "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 497, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg", "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 498, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged due to low lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg", "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 499, "question": "Is there minimal atelectasis in the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg", "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 500, "question": "Can multiple clips be seen within the left upper abdomen, suggesting a prior nephrectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s58369249/b2dff771-d162bb4b-180d5ef7-ed2022f8-e32ac869.jpg", "report": "impression: Ill-defined nodular opacities within the upper lobes, more pronounced on the\n left, are similar compared to the prior CT, and again may reflect a drug\n related pneumonitis. No focal consolidation identified. Minimal atelectasis in\n the left lung base. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which accentuate the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Ill-defined somewhat nodular opacities are noted within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, more pronounced on the left, similar to that seen on\n the prior CT. Known smaller nodules within the lower lobes bilaterally are\n better assessed on prior CT. Minimal atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified.\n Multiple clips are noted within the left upper abdomen compatible with prior\n nephrectomy. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 501, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 502, "question": "Is there a nodule in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 503, "question": "Are the lungs clear of additional nodules, consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 504, "question": "Are the heart and mediastinal contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 505, "question": "Is there mild tortuosity of the descending aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/325742c8-9cb60d54-750e1c80-c2ee97f6-0c6d0555.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 506, "question": "Does the endotracheal tube terminate at an appropriate distance above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 507, "question": "Is there evidence of change in the pulmonary edema compared to the earlier radiograph from the same day?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 508, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 509, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 510, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s53656059/f3627f06-7f8dc376-299731cc-3607780e-44c820e4.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 3.3 cm above the carina. \n \n 2. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema. \n \n Findings discussed with ___ by ___ via telephone on\n ___ at 11:00 AM. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from earlier today, there has been\n interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating 3.3 cm above the\n carina. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. As before, there is mild\n pulmonary edema. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 511, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild volume overload?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 512, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumoperitoneum?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 513, "question": "Is the hemodialysis catheter in the correct position, terminating at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 514, "question": "Is there any change in the cardiomegaly compared to previous exams?\n", "answer": "No (it's unchanged).", "image": "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 515, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s57049495/6e87c959-24dfa50c-d3d91e0a-70a0dfad-96865517.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild volume overload.\n 2. No pneumoperitoneum. Findings: A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta is tortuous and\n unfolded. There is increased prominence of the mediastinal silhouette, with\n distention of the azygos and central veins. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No free air under the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 516, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window."} {"question_id": 517, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window."} {"question_id": 518, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window."} {"question_id": 519, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette considered abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window."} {"question_id": 520, "question": "Are there median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51503417/86f89f10-d6932134-162d3d5b-689149a3-81dd2b70.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. \n Left central line terminates in the right atrium. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. A calcified lymph node is noted in the AP\n window."} {"question_id": 521, "question": "Is there evidence of improving pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies."} {"question_id": 522, "question": "Are there thin spinal syndesmophytes present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies."} {"question_id": 523, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies."} {"question_id": 524, "question": "Has there been a change in mediastinal and hilar contours compared to previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies."} {"question_id": 525, "question": "Is the hyperinflation and reticular opacities in the left lower lung unchanged since the prior radiographs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s50184397/6631d848-2c0cb2c2-f85d6490-f5df355f-11011cb8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving pneumonia.\n \n 2. Thin spinal syndesmophytes suggesting the possibility of an inflammatory\n arthropathy such as could be seen with ankylosing spondylitis; clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Hyperinflation is noted with persistent\n reticular opacities projecting over the left lower lung but markedly improved\n since the prior radiographs. Thin flowing anterior syndesmophytes are present\n throughout the thoracic spine. This appearance has an association with\n spondyloarthropathies."} {"question_id": 526, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette enlarged since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image."} {"question_id": 527, "question": "Are there diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications indicative of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image."} {"question_id": 528, "question": "Is there evidence of bilateral pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image."} {"question_id": 529, "question": "Is an endotracheal tube present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image."} {"question_id": 530, "question": "Does the nasogastric tube extend at least to the antrum of the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55331519/5e868309-d66225ba-ff4f44dc-5e9aa433-7712e15d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary opacifications consistent with worsening pulmonary edema and\n bilateral pleural effusion. An endotracheal tube is now in place with its tip\n approximately 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends at least to the\n antrum of the stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image."} {"question_id": 531, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 532, "question": "Is there any evidence of consolidation, effusion, or edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 533, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 534, "question": "Are there fractured median sternotomy wires present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 535, "question": "Are there any new acute osseous abnormalities seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57390903/8f866521-2083f0bb-a12df756-24346ecd-5e484e40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Multiple fractured\n median sternotomy wires are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities, old\n healed left anterior rib fractures are noted. Surgical clips in the right\n upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 536, "question": "Is there a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe of the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg", "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 537, "question": "Is the size of the rounded opacity approximately 1.8 cm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg", "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 538, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg", "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 539, "question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature appearing normal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg", "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 540, "question": "Does the heart size appear magnified due to the portable technique used for the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13031876/s50882034/cbd0493a-45581768-2a4a0cdc-ed7b4ccf-20000354.jpg", "report": "impression: Right apical rounded opacity concerning for infection or malignancy. Recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral chest radiograph, or CT for further\n evaluation.\n \n These recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ the MICU at 7:30AM by\n phone. Findings: There is a rounded opacity in the right upper lobe, approximately\n 1.8cm. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is\n within normal limits. There is partial visualization of anterior fusion\n hardware of the cervical spine. The heart size is magnified by portable\n technique, the mediastinal contours are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 541, "question": "Has the aeration of the lungs improved since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study."} {"question_id": 542, "question": "Is the right pleural effusion larger than it was in the prior study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study."} {"question_id": 543, "question": "Has the right internal jugular central venous catheter been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study."} {"question_id": 544, "question": "Are there post-surgical changes evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study."} {"question_id": 545, "question": "Are there atelectatic changes present at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s55853389/2c27c769-9854b0e9-102ff0b0-b17773f0-052865d7.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved areation of the lungs in comparison to the prior study\n from ___ with a decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Previously visualized right internal jugular central venous\n catheter has since been removed. Post-surgical changes are visualized with\n intact median sternotomy wires, surgical clips and coils. Calcifications are\n again noted at the aortic arch.\n \n In comparison to prior study from ___, lung aeration has\n improved bilaterally. Mild atelectatic changes are again visualized at the\n left lung base. There is a small right pleural effusion, decreased in\n comparison to the prior study."} {"question_id": 546, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild vascular congestion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 547, "question": "Is there opacification present in the right upper lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 548, "question": "Are there small, bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 549, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 550, "question": "Is the aorta described as tortuous on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/794214ee-e57ac38e-8e01e79b-648f4673-7b7f3e7c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 551, "question": "Does the patient have a moderate left pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 552, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis overlying the area of the pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 553, "question": "Can underlying consolidation be excluded on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 554, "question": "Is there any evidence of a right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 555, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present in the patient?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/dfa28d80-2c323234-0b53a9cc-fa22a300-37d9a55c.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 556, "question": "Is there pulmonary edema or pneumonia present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg", "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 557, "question": "Does the tip of the left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter terminate within the proximal right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg", "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 558, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg", "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 559, "question": "Is there evidence of subsegmental atelectasis in the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg", "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 560, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s50717913/b046c8c0-a7b3367e-546b4f8c-222c475c-98dbe5b7.jpg", "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen subclavian central venous catheter tip terminates within\n the proximal right atrium, coursing through a vascular stent within the left\n brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. Cardiac silhouette size is\n normal. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea with left superior\n mediastinal mass compatible with a known thyroid goiter is unchanged. Hilar\n contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Subsegmental\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. Marked degenerative changes\n of the left glenohumeral joints and remote right posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 561, "question": "Are the reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly across both lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg", "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 562, "question": "Have the reticular interstitial opacities been stable over multiple prior radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg", "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 563, "question": "Is there a right-sided hemodialysis catheter present that terminates at the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg", "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 564, "question": "Do the central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent than in the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg", "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 565, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59787158/0f5eff83-85fc727f-a7691318-ee53b149-e9d6062b.jpg", "report": "impression: Again seen reticular interstitial opacities distributed evenly\n across both lungs, stable over multiple prior radiographs, previously\n attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Mild superimposed fluid\n overload cannot be excluded No focal consolidation. Findings: A right-sided hemodialysis catheter\n terminates at the right atrium. Again seen are reticular interstitial\n opacities distributed evenly across both lungs, stable over multiple prior\n radiographs, previously attributed to chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on\n the chest CT from ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are unchanged. The central pulmonary vessels appear more prominent since the\n ___ study. Superimposed mild edema cannot be excluded. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 566, "question": "Is there evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 567, "question": "Does the patient have a left-sided pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 568, "question": "Is there free air below the diaphragm indicating peritoneal dialysis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 569, "question": "Is there a mass present in the right suprahilar region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 570, "question": "Are the osseous and soft tissue structures of the chest appearing normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58611846/f04feadc-4a8ef216-30473af0-2ae9053c-63131816.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema. At least partially loculated left-sided pleural effusion\n with possible adjacent atelectasis. Free air below the diaphragm compatible\n with peritoneal dialysis. Right suprahilar mass as above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lead pacing device is again seen with lead tips in\n stable position. Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity with fiducial marker is\n again seen, not significantly changed from exam from two weeks prior. Left\n side pleural effusion which is seen with loculation posteriorly. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion without frank pulmonary edema. Free air\n seen below the right hemidiaphragm is compatible with daily peritoneal\n dialysis. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 571, "question": "Has the size of the small bilateral pleural effusions increased since the most recent prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior."} {"question_id": 572, "question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior."} {"question_id": 573, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated with emphysematous changes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior."} {"question_id": 574, "question": "Is there any focal lung consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior."} {"question_id": 575, "question": "Is the heart size unchanged compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s56094236/eb810218-60a5a044-852328e8-4cdeeaef-1befd540.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Cardiomegaly.\n 3. Hyperinflated lungs corresponding with known emphysema.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:32 a.m. on ___. Findings: Small bilateral pleural effusions are increased in size compared to\n most recent prior exam. There is no focal consolidation. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with emphysematous changes as seen on prior CT. Heart size is\n increased, similar compared to prior."} {"question_id": 576, "question": "Is there evidence of lobar pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 577, "question": "Does the opacity at the left base appear to be a new finding?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 578, "question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 579, "question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette changed from previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 580, "question": "Are there signs of pulmonary vascular congestion or edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s58701930/463d2a28-b411bb98-f7bda38e-7030ebb9-74a8a1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of lobar pneumonia. Opacity adjacent to the cardiac apex at the\n left base appears to be chronic, though if there is concern for developing\n pneumonia radiographic follow-up would be appropriate. Findings: Subtle increased density adjacent to the cardiac apex, with obscuration of the\n lower left cardiac border, has been present on multiple prior studies, and is\n thus likely chronic. No corresponding abnormality was identified on the\n lateral view performed one day prior. There is no further parenchymal opacity\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion or edema. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 581, "question": "Is the endotracheal (ET) tube positioned correctly above the carina? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles."} {"question_id": 582, "question": "Is the right jugular line located in the lower superior vena cava (SVC)? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles."} {"question_id": 583, "question": "Is there any significant acute cardiopulmonary finding in this exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles."} {"question_id": 584, "question": "Was the left upper lobe rounded atelectasis better assessed in a recent CT? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles."} {"question_id": 585, "question": "Is there minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic angles? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s54479348/5e2d7a5c-0cca16ec-3dff48d4-bab26e70-6bea7f6d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. The remaining of the exam is unchanged without significant acute\n cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: New ET tube ends 2.9 cm above the carina. Right jugular line is in lower SVC.\n Left upper lobe rounded atelectasis was better assessed in recent CT, and\n there is minimal chronic thickening of the pleura at the costodiaphragmatic\n angles."} {"question_id": 586, "question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 587, "question": "Are the pulmonary arteries enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 588, "question": "Is there any evidence of confluent consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 589, "question": "Are there signs of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 590, "question": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications be seen at the aortic arch?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59800551/426bad34-c84321a7-37a7e076-e0395dc2-f2a3123a.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries without definite\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n confluent consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly is\n stable. Enlarged pulmonary arteries are also seen, unchanged. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 591, "question": "Has a right IJ catheter been placed since the last study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 592, "question": "Does the right IJ catheter extend to the lower portion of the SVC? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 593, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 594, "question": "Has there been any widening of the mediastinum noted in comparison with the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 595, "question": "Are the lung volumes lower in comparison with the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16055653/s56465441/47b82a26-321d12c0-2e8e3d70-fea4fb45-3e201e4c.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n right IJ catheter that extends to the lower portion of the SVC. No evidence\n of pneumothorax or widening of the mediastinum.\n \n In comparison with the prior study, there are even lower lung volumes, but\n otherwise little change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 596, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis."} {"question_id": 597, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis."} {"question_id": 598, "question": "Has the small right pleural effusion changed since the prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis."} {"question_id": 599, "question": "Is the increased nodular peribronchial opacification at the right base likely due to chronic aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis."} {"question_id": 600, "question": "Is the mild hazy opacification at the left base likely to represent acute pathology?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56761306/460564da-f530de8e-fabb35c1-53d562ae-404235d0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.\n 2. Increasing peribronchial opacification at the right base likely represents\n aspiration, possibly pneumonia. Findings: There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. Since the prior radiograph, there has been increased nodular\n peribronchial opacification, most readily explained by chronic aspiration. \n Mild hazy opacification at the left base is unchanged and likely represents\n chronic atelectasis."} {"question_id": 601, "question": "Has the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid esophagus been repositioned correctly with the distal end within the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg", "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung."} {"question_id": 602, "question": "Is the right internal jugular sheath positioned at the upper SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg", "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung."} {"question_id": 603, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy for mitral valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg", "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung."} {"question_id": 604, "question": "Are the sternal sutures from the surgery intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg", "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung."} {"question_id": 605, "question": "Is there a new pleural effusion or lung atelectasis compared to the prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55169735/58d7d80b-3610f757-0e540435-44dbf9dd-12c5b583.jpg", "report": "following repositioning, the coiled Dobbhoff tube in the mid\n esophagus has resolved. The distal end is within the stomach. Right internal\n jugular sheath is at upper SVC. Patient is following median sternotomy for\n mitral valve replacement and sternal sutures are intact. Mild-to-moderate\n right pleural effusion associated with adjacent lung atelectasis is unchanged\n since prior radiograph from ___. No other interval changes in the\n lung."} {"question_id": 606, "question": "Has there been significant change since the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure."} {"question_id": 607, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure."} {"question_id": 608, "question": "Is there evidence of acute pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure."} {"question_id": 609, "question": "Are there signs of vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure."} {"question_id": 610, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum after the procedure?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s57765976/8f79faef-d6ab7ef3-75eb04f9-26fe138d-a9352552.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no evidence\n of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild atelectatic changes are\n suggested at the bases. \n \n Specifically, no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum following the\n procedure."} {"question_id": 611, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact."} {"question_id": 612, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any abnormalities in the cardiomediastinal silhouette or hilar contours?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact."} {"question_id": 613, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact."} {"question_id": 614, "question": "Is a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact."} {"question_id": 615, "question": "Are the sternal wires intact as seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s58307391/638f2c7f-1ddfe2c3-062f8057-b3e8a5aa-17b03955.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Sternal wires are intact."} {"question_id": 616, "question": "Has the right-sided chest tube been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 617, "question": "Is there a hydropneumothorax present in the inferior right chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 618, "question": "Has the amount of fluid in the right chest increased from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 619, "question": "Is thick irregular pleural disease visualized around the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 620, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s53825501/66a29579-968d1700-4071c06f-fde97b0f-8ca7ce9b.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a\n hydropneumothorax in the inferior right chest. The amount of fluid has\n increased compared to the study from two days prior. The thick irregular\n pleural disease around the right lung is again visualized. The left lung is\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 621, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 622, "question": "Does the patient have chronic cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 623, "question": "Is there pulmonary edema present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 624, "question": "Is there a focal aneurysm of the thoracic aorta?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 625, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/7f656d45-d1f74ac4-4ad4b221-3f4ff982-a2435c40.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 626, "question": "Has the nasogastric tube been repositioned since the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes."} {"question_id": 627, "question": "Is the tip of the nasogastric tube correctly positioned in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes."} {"question_id": 628, "question": "Is the tip of the nasogastric tube directed towards the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes."} {"question_id": 629, "question": "Are there any complications evident from the placement of the nasogastric tube?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes."} {"question_id": 630, "question": "Are there any other relevant changes noted in the radiograph compared to the previous one?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s57345846/98a6b1be-37d7c0d7-9de7d63b-c95bf9a0-17713dcd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube, however, is directed towards the\n gastroesophageal junction. No evidence of complications, no other relevant\n changes."} {"question_id": 631, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 632, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 633, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 634, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires intact as seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 635, "question": "Are there surgical clips visible along the left heart border on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/dae1f21b-39bf30ae-e438eeeb-ff8bfb80-1d3f7d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 636, "question": "Does the patient have new right upper lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg", "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 637, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg", "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 638, "question": "Can a left-sided pacemaker device with a single lead in the right ventricle be observed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg", "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 639, "question": "Is there an ill-defined nodular opacity within the right upper lung field that is likely infectious?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg", "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 640, "question": "Are there any large pleural effusions or pneumothorax identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s56991236/637914b1-994c0db2-29d6aba2-56b11076-9cfcc278.jpg", "report": "impression: New right upper lobe pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the right ventricle,\n unchanged. The aortic knob is calcified and aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n There is new mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Hyperinflation of the lungs\n is re- demonstrated. New consolidative opacity within the right upper lobe is\n concerning for pneumonia. And ill-defined nodular opacity within the right\n upper lung field measuring up to 10 mm is also new, and likely infectious in\n etiology. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 641, "question": "Is the appearance of the chest unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 642, "question": "Does the patient have a right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 643, "question": "Is there atelectasis present in the lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 644, "question": "Is there evidence of right perihilar fibrosis on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 645, "question": "Has a pneumothorax been identified in this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s53035658/5932603f-64abd8a2-713ef8b9-907f95b0-106004c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of the chest with findings of right pleural\n effusion, loculated and lower lobe atelectasis as well as right perihilar\n fibrosis is unchanged. Please refer to subsequent CTA chest for further\n details. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. Loculated right\n pleural effusion is again seen, with compressive lower lobe atelectasis\n unchanged. There is right perihilar opacity which likely reflects known\n fibrosis as seen on prior CT. New consolidation is seen. No pneumothorax. \n Overall, cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 646, "question": "Is the PleurX catheter still in the same position as before? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 647, "question": "Is there improvement in aeration in the right upper lung compared to the prior chest radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 648, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 649, "question": "Can the heart size be assessed on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 650, "question": "Do the bony structures appear intact on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57622301/561aa77f-36bdb76f-e2a79068-a9c24ac5-0e745c62.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent consolidation and loculated right pleural effusion\n with PleurX catheter in unchanged position. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. PleurX catheter is\n again seen on the right with its tip at the level of the right sixth and\n seventh posterior rib interspace. There is persistent effusion and\n consolidation within the right lung, though there is slight improvement in the\n aeration in the right upper lung as compared with the prior chest radiograph. \n There is persistent loculated right pleural effusion for which a slight\n increased fluid component is seen along the right lateral upper lung. The\n left lung is unchanged and clear. Heart size cannot be assessed due to\n effacement of the right heart border. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 651, "question": "Compared to the previous study, is there a decrease in opacification at the bases? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation."} {"question_id": 652, "question": "Is there still some opacification present, especially at the left base? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation."} {"question_id": 653, "question": "Is the opacification overlying the cardiac silhouette consistent with a lingular consolidation? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation."} {"question_id": 654, "question": "Is the report indicative of completely resolved pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation."} {"question_id": 655, "question": "Is the opacification at the bases increased compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56513752/33222196-20a22f7b-b04dd8d7-3c2d9960-8b9630bb.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is progressive decrease\n in the opacification at the bases, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n resolving pneumonia. However, there is still some opacification especially at\n the left base and overlying the cardiac silhouette. This is consistent with a\n lingular consolidation."} {"question_id": 656, "question": "Is there evidence of central pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 657, "question": "Does the patient have a history of cardiac surgery as indicated by a median sternotomy and valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 658, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 659, "question": "Are there Kerley B lines indicative of interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 660, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s52891865/6b77cbf9-987963b7-937492b5-149802aa-75535076.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate interstitial\n edema, concerning for cardiac decompensation. Findings: The patient is status post median\n sternotomy and prosthetic valve placement. The heart is mildly enlarged. The\n central pulmonary vessels are engorged and congested. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities are present, and there are multiple Kerley B lines, representing\n moderate interstitial edema. A tiny left pleural effusion is present. There\n is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 661, "question": "Are there multiple rib fractures on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg", "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 662, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg", "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 663, "question": "Is there blunting of the right costophrenic angle due to pleural scarring and a small effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg", "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 664, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours unchanged from previous exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg", "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 665, "question": "Can any focal consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s53780576/bced25e3-835951a9-cb1436cd-d095e342-730a3489.jpg", "report": "impression: Multiple chronic appearing left-sided rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n Blunting of the costophrenic angle on the right likely represents pleural\n scarring and a small effusion, not significantly changed from ___. Findings: Chronic left-sided rib fractures are again noted. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged from ___. Pleural thickening and blunting at the\n right costophrenic angle is again demonstrated, and is stable from the prior\n exam in ___ and likely represents pleural scarring and a small pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 666, "question": "Has there been much change in the patient's condition since the previous study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 667, "question": "Is there a possibility of slightly elevated pulmonary venous pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 668, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 669, "question": "Can bibasilar atelectasis be observed on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 670, "question": "Is the central catheter still in position according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/ac9b202d-33441ce8-29b49c66-d903a94d-74c87396.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 671, "question": "Are bilateral ground glass opacities present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 672, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 673, "question": "Can an underlying pneumonia be excluded based on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 674, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 675, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette moderately enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17189198/s54225810/a02fc8d7-4d89d7b2-2bcaaf26-ebd72059-2e9d5341.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral ground glass opacities and small bilateral pleural\n effusions are consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. In the proper\n clinical setting, a pneumonia cannot be excluded. Can consider a repeat chest\n radiograph after diuresis. Findings: There is hilar congestion and diffuse bilateral ground glass\n opacities, most predominant at the bases, slightly improved from prior exam,\n and most consistent with pulmonary edema. An underlying pneumonia cannot be\n fully excluded. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged and unchanged\n from the prior exam. The mediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 676, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged."} {"question_id": 677, "question": "Are the heart size and mediastinal contours considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged."} {"question_id": 678, "question": "Are the lungs clear and well expanded as per the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged."} {"question_id": 679, "question": "Can any acute rib fractures be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged."} {"question_id": 680, "question": "Are there fractured sternotomy wires present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s59685259/553f6199-37bc0e92-8f246bbd-f36f847e-8d0c8e14.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusion or focal consolidation. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded without effusion or focal consolidation. No acute rib\n fractures are seen. Several fractured sternotomy wires are unchanged."} {"question_id": 681, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 682, "question": "Are small pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 683, "question": "Is there an increased density in the retrocardiac area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 684, "question": "Is the right internal jugular catheter in a central position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 685, "question": "Are the heart and mediastinal structures unchanged from previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s54247614/669b4965-be67a9dd-0ba00b96-3ed4d288-597c3f17.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small pleural\n effusions. There is a suggestion of increased density in the retrocardiac\n area. This region could be better assessed by a lateral view if clinically\n indicated. A double-lumen right internal jugular catheter is in central\n position. Findings: 1 AP view. There is evidence for increased density in the retrocardiac area in\n the left hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The lung bases are partially obscured by\n extensive costochondral calcification. The costophrenic sulci are blunted. \n Bronchovascular markings are mildly increased, as before. The heart and\n mediastinal structures are unchanged as well. A double-lumen right internal\n jugular catheter has been inserted and terminates in the region of the lower\n superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 686, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices still in place from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting."} {"question_id": 687, "question": "Is there a definite pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting."} {"question_id": 688, "question": "Is the left lung clear of any significant abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes (except for some atelectatic changes at the base).", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting."} {"question_id": 689, "question": "Is there extensive subcutaneous emphysema along the right lateral chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting."} {"question_id": 690, "question": "Could the opacification along the mediastinal border on the right be due to a collection of pleural fluid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54602632/715d0cdc-ddee4d9b-b5a28b77-350e1063-bc606f0d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place without definite pneumothorax. The left lung remains\n essentially clear except for some atelectatic changes at the base. Extensive\n subcutaneous emphysema again persists along the right lateral chest wall. \n Opacification along the mediastinal border on the right again could reflect\n collection of pleural fluid. The development of hematoma cannot be excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting."} {"question_id": 691, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 692, "question": "Is there any acute consolidation or effusion superimposed on the interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 693, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 694, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any focal consolidation or pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 695, "question": "Has there been any change in the size of the cardiac silhouette compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59343122/7d6acf38-2ce33bef-4722c2e9-c0f089ec-c06a5100.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of interstitial edema. No superimposed acute\n consolidation or effusion. Unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation\n or pleural effusion. There are however increased interstitial markings\n throughout the lungs and enlarged cardiac silhouette which is unchanged from\n prior. There is no acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 696, "question": "Does the patient have opacification in the right lower lung field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected."} {"question_id": 697, "question": "Is the opacification in the right lower lung field possibly due to pleural effusion and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected."} {"question_id": 698, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected."} {"question_id": 699, "question": "Has there been any significant change since the last chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected."} {"question_id": 700, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s51887095/7482f461-69260c1c-6d80e1ef-de9d3167-e122de4e.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph. Findings: There is persistent opacification of the right lower lung field,\n likely due to known pleural effusion and atelectasis. Small left pleural\n effusion is again noted. Overall, there has been no significant interval\n change. Endotracheal tube, left internal jugular catheter, and esophageal\n catheter are again seen in similar positions with esophageal catheter tip out\n of view. No pneumothorax is detected."} {"question_id": 701, "question": "Is there a hydropneumothorax present on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base."} {"question_id": 702, "question": "Is there compression of the lung parenchyma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base."} {"question_id": 703, "question": "Is there a mediastinal shift to the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base."} {"question_id": 704, "question": "Does the left lung appear well aerated without focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base."} {"question_id": 705, "question": "Is there a pleural-based catheter present at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s51227270/2001d733-0290af9c-11d2f658-a475b597-45f1095a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a very large hydropneumothorax on the right side. There is\n compression of the lung parenchyma. There is also some mediastinal shift to\n the left side. The left lung appears well aerated without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The right base has\n increased in the size with pleural effusion, however, this may be secondary to\n patient positioning. There is a pleural-based catheter at the right base."} {"question_id": 706, "question": "Are there linear opacities in the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 707, "question": "Is the previously described left upper lobe mass visible on this radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 708, "question": "Can the linear opacities be associated with previous treatment for lung carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 709, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 710, "question": "Have the cardiomediastinal contours changed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s53158366/0973f2e4-fd436409-ac1ae199-94dae0f7-7ed0d26a.jpg", "report": "impression: Left upper lobe linear opacities at site of prior treatment for lung\n carcinoma. Findings: The previously described left upper lobe mass is not seen on this radiograph. \n Linear opacities in the left upper lobe can be and a sequelae of prior\n treatment lung carcinoma. No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 711, "question": "Has there been an increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 712, "question": "Is the enlargement of the cardiac silhouette likely due to an increase in a known pericardial effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 713, "question": "Is there an ill-defined opacity in the retrocardiac left lower lobe indicative of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 714, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 715, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15881535/s56093476/210f9c01-9e0728bf-4b8ec9bf-34d1564e-16cf509c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the cardiac silhouette even accounting\n for patient and technical factors. This likely signifies at least an increase\n in the size of the apparently known pericardial effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are diminished which exaggerates the cardiomediastinal\n configuration. However, even accounting for this change, there has been a\n relative dramatic increase in the size of the cardiac silhouette with now\n somewhat globular morphology. Ill-defined opacity is noted in the\n retrocardiac left lower lobe which is likely atelectasis given the volume\n loss. There is no focal consolidation. No definite effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. Incidental note is made of\n internal fixation hardware, incompletely evaluated, involving the mid\n diaphysis of the right clavicle. Tubing loops over the epigastric region and\n with the tip projecting at the dome of the left hemidiaphragm over the cardiac\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 716, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show pulmonary vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 717, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 718, "question": "Can you see a nodule in the right upper lung on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 719, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 720, "question": "Are there multiple calcified granulomas present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/4c813a56-c3955f56-d8575305-9347eb08-6c581dc1.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 721, "question": "Does the patient show signs of new mild interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg", "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 722, "question": "Is there a tiny right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg", "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 723, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg", "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 724, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be detected in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg", "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 725, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55316579/1b7bd4fd-2ddbc2c0-70d7a8f2-ff32883c-5c2ce9af.jpg", "report": "impression: New mild interstitial edema and tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: Interstitial prominence has increased compared to prior, suggestive of mild\n edema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is detected. Tiny right\n pleural effusion appears new compared to prior. Heart and mediastinal\n contours appear stable with mild cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 726, "question": "Has there been any significant change since the prior chest X-ray study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 727, "question": "Is there evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 728, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette showing signs of mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 729, "question": "Are median sternotomy wires visible and intact on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 730, "question": "Are there any clips visible in the midline of the thorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10523725/s52943383/d2738a71-3831deab-ac7d0164-16ff75a4-284704ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant change since the prior study and no evidence of\n overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Since the prior radiograph there has been no significant change. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and notable for tortuous\n aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are present and intact. \n Clips are seen in the midline of the thorax. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 731, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 732, "question": "Is the heart size on the border of being enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 733, "question": "Is the calcified nodule in the left mid lung field consistent with a granuloma?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 734, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 735, "question": "Are there degenerative changes in the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s58857549/5c2bf1b4-d3738135-b0f5cea4-bfa67dda-166feb65.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified\n nodule in the left mid lung field is similar, compatible with a granuloma. \n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are multilevel moderate\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 736, "question": "Has the right perihilar consolidation improved since the most recent prior examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 737, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette unremarkable on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 738, "question": "Are the mediastinal and hilar contours appearing abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 739, "question": "Is there a large right perihilar consolidation suggestive of an infection present?\n", "answer": "No, it has improved.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 740, "question": "Is there an air-fluid level present within the neoesophagus on the lateral view?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s56012267/177495f2-996738c6-f03f52bd-f9e6aad1-913f1885.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved right perihilar consolidation likely representing infection. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unremarkable. The large\n right perihilar consolidation, likely representing infection, has improved\n since the most recent prior examination of ___. Minimal\n air-fluid level is noted within the neoesophagus on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 741, "question": "Does the patient have a dual lead pacemaker or ICD device in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged."} {"question_id": 742, "question": "Has the patient undergone endovascular aortic valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged."} {"question_id": 743, "question": "Is there evidence of mitral annular calcifications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged."} {"question_id": 744, "question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged."} {"question_id": 745, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s50640370/e8f40dc1-eb1d35c9-581a0b09-a78294c8-1a9ab9f1.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with two leads appears unchanged. \n The patient is status post endovascular aortic valve replacement. Mitral\n annular calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. A mild new interstitial\n abnormality suggests vascular congestion, but no focal opacities are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n The patient is again status post vertebroplasty of the T10 vertebral body\n which demonstrates a fragmented moderate compression deformity with slight\n retropulsion of the dominant posterior fragment, but not significantly\n changed. Prior posterior fusion involving T10 and T11 also appears unchanged.\n A moderate biconcave L1 compression deformity appears unchanged."} {"question_id": 746, "question": "Has the right lower lobe pneumonia nearly resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure."} {"question_id": 747, "question": "Is there still some residual peribronchiolar opacification in the right infrahilar area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure."} {"question_id": 748, "question": "Has the small right pleural effusion nearly resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure."} {"question_id": 749, "question": "Are there localized bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure."} {"question_id": 750, "question": "Is the small nodule at the right lung base unchanged when compared to the previous CT?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s56592251/fd446187-4918e937-9c58f354-86463aca-af75d8a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Near resolution of right lower lobe pneumonia. Additional followup chest\n x-ray in 4 weeks may be helpful to document complete resolution or stability\n of residual right infrahilar opacity. Findings: Previously reported right lower lobe pneumonia has nearly resolved with only\n mild residual peribronchiolar opacification remaining in the right infrahilar\n area. A small right pleural effusion has nearly resolved. Localized\n bronchiectasis and scarring in the right upper lobe is similar to older\n studies. A small nodule at the right lung base is similar to previous CT of ___. Postoperative changes in the chest are similar including post\n radiation alterations and findings related to previous esophagectomy and\n pull-up procedure."} {"question_id": 751, "question": "Is the mediastinal contour stable and not widened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 752, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 753, "question": "Is there a calcific focus in the left mid chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 754, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette considered normal to mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 755, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/b68832f5-cb74ec26-125ffe9e-4e092765-e97f8be0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 756, "question": "Does the patient have any acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified."} {"question_id": 757, "question": "Is there any evidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified."} {"question_id": 758, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified."} {"question_id": 759, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified."} {"question_id": 760, "question": "Is there any minimal degenerative change at the right acromioclavicular joint?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18835687/s59203230/1344069d-f5bbd6ab-956a09d4-76f8bac1-7d8c3a04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt evidence of PCP. Findings: Chest frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax evident. Minimal degenerative change at right\n acromioclavicular joint. No osseous abnormality is identified."} {"question_id": 761, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg", "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted."} {"question_id": 762, "question": "Is there mild blunting of the costophrenic angles suggesting trace pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg", "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted."} {"question_id": 763, "question": "Are there subtle bibasilar opacities that likely indicate atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg", "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted."} {"question_id": 764, "question": "Is the patient rotated in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg", "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted."} {"question_id": 765, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s59891992/97e98c24-079ba543-3cfe0fbe-b97b30b8-bbd0e9a5.jpg", "report": "Again, there are low lung volumes. Mild blunting of the costophrenic angles\n may in part relate to low lung volumes with likely trace pleural effusions. \n Additional subtle bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. The\n patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n similar with the cardiac silhouette possibly slightly less prominent as\n compared to the prior study. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Chronic\n deformity of the right clavicle is again noted."} {"question_id": 766, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 767, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 768, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 769, "question": "Are the lungs appearing hyperinflated in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 770, "question": "Can any concerning osseous lesions be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s59372049/8b08f860-baa48664-53adfb7a-98469602-de45d5e7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no concerning osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 771, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg", "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 772, "question": "Is a small-to-moderate pleural effusion suspected in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg", "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 773, "question": "Has the patient likely had mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg", "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 774, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg", "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 775, "question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s51877138/bbfadd26-26a1370d-69d5f8f9-5b210fd9-a89a0589.jpg", "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity, highly suggestive of atelectasis in\n association with a small-to-moderate suspected pleural effusion, although\n opacification is not entirely specific as the etiology. Findings: The patient is status post mitral valve replacement and probably\n coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. There is\n patchy basilar opacification suggesting a combination of atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Streaky left upper lobe opacity suggests minor atelectasis\n or scarring which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. No free air is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 776, "question": "Are there any changes in the bilateral upper lobe scarring compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware."} {"question_id": 777, "question": "Is there a superior retraction of the hila evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware."} {"question_id": 778, "question": "Are the lung volumes considered normal on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware."} {"question_id": 779, "question": "Is there any evidence of a superimposed acute process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware."} {"question_id": 780, "question": "Are surgical clips present in the upper abdomen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s51002383/c9cd6c49-2bebaea2-82c0c5dc-c3d2e9a7-560599b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral upper lobe scarring unchanged without evidence of superimposed acute\n process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Bilateral upper lobe scarring is seen with\n superior retraction of the hila. The lung volumes are relatively low. There\n is no evidence of superimposed acute process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Surgical clips in the upper abdomen again noted. Osseous structures\n are essentially unremarkable noting probable right glenoid orthopedic\n hardware."} {"question_id": 781, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg", "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous."} {"question_id": 782, "question": "Does the patient show signs of moderate interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg", "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous."} {"question_id": 783, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg", "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous."} {"question_id": 784, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg", "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous."} {"question_id": 785, "question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate a tortuous aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13484161/s55799349/d45a4f1c-aa9b0b1d-714e476e-b6f28f01-34d6bcdc.jpg", "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette and moderate interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the interstitial markings suggesting moderate interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous."} {"question_id": 786, "question": "Does the patient have any focal consolidation indicative of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal."} {"question_id": 787, "question": "Is there any evidence of mild linear atelectasis in the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal."} {"question_id": 788, "question": "Has there been any change in the mild linear atelectasis in the right lung compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal."} {"question_id": 789, "question": "Is there any new consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal."} {"question_id": 790, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes appearing normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s57254304/b85f7da5-828bea81-c7e95d37-4650d910-3c367fa4.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Mild linear atelectasis in the right lung is unchanged. There is no new\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal."} {"question_id": 791, "question": "Are the bibasilar opacities increased in comparison with an earlier examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation."} {"question_id": 792, "question": "Is there a mild enlargement of the heart with left ventricular configuration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation."} {"question_id": 793, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation."} {"question_id": 794, "question": "Is there a mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the thoracolumbar junction, likely L1?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation."} {"question_id": 795, "question": "Is the curvature of the lower thoracic spine to the left?\n", "answer": "No (it is mild rightward convex curvature).", "image": "p16/p16853729/s55420918/a8c650ae-950b6c2f-15d23a79-9c74f29c-af076691.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing bibasilar opacities which could be seen with lower airway\n inflammation or infection, although developing bronchopneumonia is not\n entirely excluded. \n \n 2. Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of a vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, likely L1; although probably chronic, potentially\n increased somewhat. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular configuration.\n There is similar unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged including a convexity along the right upper\n mediastinal contour. Particularly since it appears stable over time, it can\n probably be attributed to tortuosity of the great vessels. \n \n At both lung bases, but more extensive on the right than left, there are\n patchy opacities, fairly streaky in nature but extensive. These are increased\n since the earlier examination and are accompanied by peribronchial cuffing. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n \n Suspected mild loss in mid thoracic vertebral body heights appears unchanged\n and probably coincides with demineralization. The lower thoracic spine shows\n mild rightward convex curvature. There is wedging of an upper lumbar\n vertebral body which may be increased somewhat, although the apparent\n difference may be due to differences in orientation."} {"question_id": 796, "question": "Is there a left-sided chest tube present in the image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change."} {"question_id": 797, "question": "Does the tip of the chest tube appear to be positioned over the left lung apex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change."} {"question_id": 798, "question": "Can a discrete pleural line be identified in the left hemithorax on this supine film?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change."} {"question_id": 799, "question": "Is there subcutaneous gas present along the left chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change."} {"question_id": 800, "question": "Has there been any change since the previous exam earlier that day?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s50957430/3056f052-ff3c284f-0d46f60a-7d4ee6af-498142fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided chest tube now seen with tip overlying the left lung\n apex. Findings: Single portable view of the chest at 4:57 p.m. is compared to\n previous exam from earlier the same day at 4:10 p.m. Left-sided chest tube is\n seen with tip projecting over the left lung apex. Although there is increased\n lucency in the left hemithorax, no discrete pleural line is identified based\n on this supine film. There is left chest wall subcutaneous gas seen. \n Otherwise, there has been no change."} {"question_id": 801, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 802, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 803, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 804, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette considered stable according to the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 805, "question": "Are there any abnormalities detected in the bony structures of the chest?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s53598647/0ac370ca-d14e45b3-07c05241-b3a551b3-4cde1652.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 806, "question": "Is there increased opacity at the right lung base on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 807, "question": "Could the increased opacity indicate both effusion and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 808, "question": "Is it possible that there is underlying pneumonia in addition to the effusion and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 809, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 810, "question": "Do the bony structures of the chest appear to be intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53504804/5b433593-d02544b5-225e12eb-2d963391-108a1692.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base, likely a combination of\n effusion and atelectasis, though underlying pneumonia difficult to exclude. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there is increased opacity at the right lung base which could represent\n a combination of atelectasis and effusion, though underlying pneumonia is\n difficult to exclude in the correct clinical setting. Lung volumes and\n evaluation for mild pulmonary edema is limited. There is no overt edema. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 811, "question": "Has the cardiogenic pulmonary edema resolved on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged."} {"question_id": 812, "question": "Is there still evidence of right lower lobe consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged."} {"question_id": 813, "question": "Is the cardiomegaly noted on the X-ray described as chronic?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged."} {"question_id": 814, "question": "Is there any presence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged."} {"question_id": 815, "question": "Are there any changes to the atrial, biventricular ICD compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s51788928/4f69d69a-0a777d03-41d5250c-ecbbd9a2-72febcb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and right lower lobe\n consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n resolution of pulmonary edema as well as the possible right lower lobe\n consolidation. Mild cardiomegaly is chronic. The upper mediastinum is now\n less widened, consistent with resolution of central vascular engorgement. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The atrial, biventricular ICD are unchanged."} {"question_id": 816, "question": "Is there evidence of persistent left basilar opacification on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 817, "question": "Is atelectasis suspected to be the primary cause of the opacification?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 818, "question": "Can pneumonia be entirely ruled out as a cause for the opacification based on the X-ray alone?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 819, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No. (It's noted as \"at the upper limits of normal size,\" which suggests it is not strictly \"within\" normal limits.)", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 820, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/5a43bc2b-3fc26154-5114dc49-e3d4f15e-459347eb.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 821, "question": "Does the patient have any new acute findings on their chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 822, "question": "Is there an indication of treated malignancy in the right hilar and perihilar region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 823, "question": "Are the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours stable compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 824, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 825, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s50247294/7e530d0e-05f64408-24c921b8-1929b8f8-29ec99fd.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest; no evidence of a superimposed\n acute process. Findings: Right hilar and perihilar opacification appears unchanged and\n suggests a site of treated malignancy. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 826, "question": "Does the patient have unchanged monitoring and support devices compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 827, "question": "Is there an increasing haziness of the right hemithorax that could indicate increasing pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 828, "question": "Could the increasing haziness of the right hemithorax also be due to changes in patient position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 829, "question": "Do the pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than in the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 830, "question": "Is there a substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette continuing from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18460230/s53631792/369dc5bd-70bd89d0-2d90fa80-f319ec1d-fb2802aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices remain\n unchanged. There appears to be some increasing haziness of the right\n hemithorax, which would be consistent with some increasing pleural effusion. \n However, this is difficult to assess since it could reflect changes in patient\n position.\n \n The pulmonary vessels appear more engorged than on the previous study and\n there continues to be substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 831, "question": "Does the patient have moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right."} {"question_id": 832, "question": "Has the size of the heart decreased compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right."} {"question_id": 833, "question": "Is there an opacity on the lateral radiograph that may suggest pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right."} {"question_id": 834, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right."} {"question_id": 835, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56216565/3ecc5fc4-ddb10e6d-149d9bc0-0e810143-adbc6d0d.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly smaller since the prior study.\n Opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral radiograph may reflect\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded except for mild atelectasis at the lung bases.\n Opacities project over the spine on the lateral radiograph. The heart is\n slightly smaller since the study of ___, however there is still\n moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea is likely\n secondary to known enlargement of the thyroid, left greater than right."} {"question_id": 836, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary pathology present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 837, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 838, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 839, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 840, "question": "Are there mild degenerative changes observed in the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/904cf86f-1866f68d-e860512e-9cbe3c9e-f9c32a56.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 841, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any evidence of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 842, "question": "Are there any signs of cardiomegaly on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 843, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 844, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 845, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d6051124-a16053dc-2b4ecb89-8e1a17a9-252c1e8f.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 846, "question": "Has there been little change since the previous chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection."} {"question_id": 847, "question": "Is there a small right apical pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection."} {"question_id": 848, "question": "Can the area of the small right apical pneumothorax be properly evaluated?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection."} {"question_id": 849, "question": "Are there opacifications that have been present on numerous previous films?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection."} {"question_id": 850, "question": "Is the increased density around the right chest tube likely due to atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes. (Note: The report suggests it is thought to probably represent atelectasis, but there is a differential diagnosis including infection, so this answer is based on the most likely interpretation according to the report.)", "image": "p16/p16751749/s58084217/4161612b-04b736ab-f5965aae-1028ae0b-6bf634ae.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change. Findings: Per chest x-ray small right apical pneumothorax is present. This area can now\n no longer be evaluated due to overlying subcutaneous emphysema.\n \n Few opacifications have been present on numerous previous films. There is an\n increased density around the right chest tube which was not present on the\n chest x-ray of ___ though was present on the prior chest x-ray of\n 4:00 a.m. This is thought to probably represent atelectasis but could\n represent an area of infection."} {"question_id": 851, "question": "Has the right venous introduction sheath been removed since the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent."} {"question_id": 852, "question": "Has a left PICC line been inserted? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent."} {"question_id": 853, "question": "Does the tip of the PICC line project over the mid SVC? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent."} {"question_id": 854, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax following the procedures? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent."} {"question_id": 855, "question": "Have the pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities decreased in extent? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s56258422/848b0d7f-e95a86d4-0c40c933-7b2dc937-ac3d74c6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right venous\n introduction sheath has been removed and a left PICC line has been inserted. \n The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects over the\n mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities, mostly caused by pleural\n effusions and subsequent atelectasis, have decreased in extent."} {"question_id": 856, "question": "Is there evidence of severe cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg", "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate."} {"question_id": 857, "question": "Does the patient have a central venous catheter in place for dialysis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg", "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate."} {"question_id": 858, "question": "Can small bilateral pleural effusions be observed on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg", "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate."} {"question_id": 859, "question": "Have the small bilateral pleural effusions changed since the prior X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg", "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate."} {"question_id": 860, "question": "Is there any indication of a focal infiltrate on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59369967/a5e77ee2-5fec82c7-1f5ffe9c-ccd28c6b-f4a44978.jpg", "report": "Again seen is severe cardiomegaly with a globular configuration of\n the heart. The central venous catheter for dialysis is again visualized\n projecting over the right atrium. There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions, similar compared to prior. There is no focal infiltrate."} {"question_id": 861, "question": "Is there any evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged."} {"question_id": 862, "question": "Are there signs of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged."} {"question_id": 863, "question": "Can a pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged."} {"question_id": 864, "question": "Are the streaky opacities at the left lung base likely due to atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged."} {"question_id": 865, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires intact as shown on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59502822/2f0faf68-27020330-24ac6180-f913331b-440b1474.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Known L1 and L2 compression deformities. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Streaky\n opacities at the left lung base is most likely due to atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Known compression deformities of L1 and L2 are partially imaged."} {"question_id": 866, "question": "Has there been interval improvement in the findings related to congestive failure since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 867, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present, with the left side being more significant than the right?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 868, "question": "Do the pulmonary vascular markings appear indistinct?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 869, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 870, "question": "Have the osseous and soft tissue structures changed since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16772702/s58773373/ba4bbaf8-52c6f0c8-d6922907-95d9b63b-f10069d0.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the findings compatible with congestive\n failure when compared to previous exam from ___ with persistent\n bilateral left greater than right pleural effusions and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been interval\n improvement in the appearance of the pulmonary edema. Indistinct pulmonary\n vascular markings persist as well as small right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 871, "question": "Is there a change in the diffuse interstitial prominence compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified."} {"question_id": 872, "question": "Are there any new focal parenchymal opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified."} {"question_id": 873, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified."} {"question_id": 874, "question": "Are the hilar and cardiomediastinal contours unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified."} {"question_id": 875, "question": "Are there any new fractures noted in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s52279876/3d5c9bad-c1fa71ed-adc295a3-b423edd6-afb265b0.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change in diffuse interstitial prominence, without new\n focal parenchymal opacity. Chronic osseous changes involving the distal right\n clavicle and mid-thoracic vertebral bodies are again noted. Findings: A mild diffuse interstitial abnormality persists, possibly reflecting known\n airways abnormalities previously imaged by CT. There are no new focal\n opacities. No effusion and no pneumothorax. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Chronic deformity of the distal right clavicle is unchanged\n from prior studies. There is mild compression deformity of two mid-thoracic\n vertebral bodies, similarly stable. No new fractures are identified."} {"question_id": 876, "question": "Is the pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 877, "question": "Is the left lung base opacity likely related to a combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 878, "question": "Has there been a significant interval change since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 879, "question": "Is there a biventricular pacer defibrillator present in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 880, "question": "Are there new areas of focal consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s51323886/7f90be03-f64f2d0b-36350e78-668756f9-417c5b45.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of small left\n pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is no significant interval change since the prior radiograph performed\n yesterday evening. A biventricular pacer defibrillator is visualized. The\n hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position and terminates in the right\n atrium.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion accompanied by\n interstitial pulmonary edema. No new areas of focal consolidation are\n identified. Left lung base opacity is probably due to a combination of a\n small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. A small right pleural\n effusion is also noted. Stable cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 881, "question": "Is the left PICC line unchanged in position compared to the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg", "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened."} {"question_id": 882, "question": "Does the catheter tip terminate just above the level of the diaphragm to the left of midline?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg", "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened."} {"question_id": 883, "question": "Should the PICC line be withdrawn approximately 8 cm to ensure proper positioning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg", "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened."} {"question_id": 884, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours stable in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg", "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened."} {"question_id": 885, "question": "Has the moderate right pleural effusion with subpulmonic component increased in size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s59847128/22353454-97e7e0d1-d2711b39-b8159585-512d3c23.jpg", "report": "Left PICC is unchanged in position compared to the prior\n radiograph. It enters via a left-sided approach, and makes a vertical descent\n at the level of the aortic arch, in keeping with known left-sided superior\n vena cava. The tip of the catheter continues to terminate just above the\n level of the diaphragm to the left of midline, and could be withdrawn\n approximately 8 cm to ensure positioning within the lower left superior vena\n cava. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Moderate right\n pleural effusion with subpulmonic component has slightly increased in size. \n Adjacent area of opacity within the right middle and lower lobe has also\n slightly worsened."} {"question_id": 886, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 887, "question": "Is the mediastinum considered wide on the X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 888, "question": "Is the widening of the mediastinum due to mediastinal lipomatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 889, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of borderline size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 890, "question": "Can any signs of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s52072042/e872e235-dee5ac10-dfd4a5e4-e40a9a02-73e5ee8a.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively wide mediastinum, caused by mediastinal lipomatosis\n (documented on a PET-CT examination from ___). Borderline size of\n the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumonia. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 891, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 892, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices in the same position as before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 893, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 894, "question": "Is there a moderate right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 895, "question": "Are there any newly appeared parenchymal opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s58057712/02b9665e-286a47a7-edbf1119-14117e3b-ed29a2fe.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \n Moderate cardiomegaly with moderate right pleural effusion, accompanied by\n areas of bilateral basal atelectasis, right more than left. Mild fluid\n overload. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 896, "question": "Are there bilateral parenchymal opacities present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted."} {"question_id": 897, "question": "Is the right lung more affected than the left lung by the opacities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted."} {"question_id": 898, "question": "Is the moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette a new finding?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted."} {"question_id": 899, "question": "Are multiple vascular stents present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted."} {"question_id": 900, "question": "Can the splenic calcifications be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s59509358/596ada03-4cd1298c-35965d3c-db44850a-0baa9257.jpg", "report": "impression: Bilateral parenchymal opacities, right greater than left compatible with\n pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There bilateral regions of consolidation, at the right lung and left mid to\n lower lung. Findings are most concerning for bilateral infection. Moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Multiple vascular stents\n are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. Splenic calcifications are\n again noted."} {"question_id": 901, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary edema present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen."} {"question_id": 902, "question": "Is the pulmonary edema more prominent on the right side of the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen."} {"question_id": 903, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest a middle lobe pneumonia due to the area of opacification at the base medially?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen."} {"question_id": 904, "question": "Is the right heart border well-defined on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen."} {"question_id": 905, "question": "Is there right pleural thickening or loculated effusion noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s57848354/d09562d7-3ddb8397-a8101476-43ad0118-5fae5eb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. More focal area of\n opacification at the base medially with poor definition of the right heart\n border raises the possibility of a middle lobe pneumonia. Right pleural\n thickening or loculated effusion is again seen."} {"question_id": 906, "question": "Have the monitoring and support devices changed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 907, "question": "Has the pre-existing right pleural effusion decreased in extent?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 908, "question": "Are there new areas of atelectasis compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 909, "question": "Has the appearance of the cardiac silhouette changed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 910, "question": "Are there any hilar or mediastinal abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56373739/a19573c3-98f76c03-5552fc10-4d2cb79e-bce663a8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. A pre-existing right pleural effusion has slightly\n increased in extent. Subsequent areas of atelectasis are bilaterally\n constant. Constant appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 911, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal."} {"question_id": 912, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any significant pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal."} {"question_id": 913, "question": "Is there a subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal."} {"question_id": 914, "question": "Does the subtle linear opacity likely represent atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal."} {"question_id": 915, "question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax or pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55746776/b06d47bc-8181cd72-254ab8b4-1731873e-41b7aed5.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Clear lungs. Findings: Subtle linear opacity in the right upper lobe likely represents atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal."} {"question_id": 916, "question": "Is there a new right IJ central line in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg", "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged."} {"question_id": 917, "question": "Is the tip of the new right IJ central line positioned in the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg", "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged."} {"question_id": 918, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg", "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged."} {"question_id": 919, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg", "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged."} {"question_id": 920, "question": "Is there an azygous fissure present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s57456610/51f5ce00-6a5bde30-814d9207-cc5f7a52-ceb3502a.jpg", "report": "impression: New right IJ line. No pneumothorax. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is a new right IJ central line with\n tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs remain clear. \n Azygous fissure again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable noting\n prominence of the upper mediastinum due to fat, unchanged."} {"question_id": 921, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 922, "question": "Does the patient have a dual lumen dialysis catheter in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 923, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 924, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 925, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s53574399/03502481-6cda13ba-cb388ede-fbd7eb62-5b02b608.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, similar compared to the prior study, with\n more focal opacity in the right lung base concerning for an area of infection. Findings: Left-sided dual lumen dialysis catheter tip terminates in the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged with left atrial\n prominence. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is mild to moderate\n moderate pulmonary edema, with more focal opacity seen in the right lung base,\n new from the prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. There\n is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Clips are\n seen within the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 926, "question": "Does the right PICC line terminate in the appropriate location within the lower superior vena cava?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg", "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study."} {"question_id": 927, "question": "Has the right internal jugular catheter been removed according to the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg", "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study."} {"question_id": 928, "question": "Is there any visible pneumothorax following the removal of the right internal jugular catheter?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg", "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study."} {"question_id": 929, "question": "Is there a significant change in the radiographic appearance of the chest compared to the recent study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg", "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study."} {"question_id": 930, "question": "Is there any new abnormality noted in this chest X-ray report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s57883497/8b277408-532884e8-ea3f5ba6-e619ee5e-8c820c0c.jpg", "report": "Right PICC terminates in the lower superior vena cava. Right\n internal jugular catheter has been removed, with no visible pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, similar radiographic appearance of the chest since recent study."} {"question_id": 931, "question": "Has the Dobbhoff catheter been advanced since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged."} {"question_id": 932, "question": "Does the tip of the Dobbhoff catheter project over the stomach area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged."} {"question_id": 933, "question": "Is there any evidence of complications, such as pneumothorax, associated with the Dobbhoff catheter placement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged."} {"question_id": 934, "question": "Aside from the changes with the Dobbhoff catheter, are there any new findings on the radiograph compared to the previous one?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged."} {"question_id": 935, "question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the current radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s50139124/64c4f3ac-5b12f9d8-de62c4d5-1980be49-28cd96f9.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Dobbhoff catheter was\n advanced. The tip now projects over the proximal parts of the stomach, there\n is no evidence of complication, notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the\n radiograph is unchanged."} {"question_id": 936, "question": "Is the enteric tube tip located in the proximal stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg", "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 937, "question": "Is the right internal jugular (IJ) line tip positioned in the mid superior vena cava (SVC)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg", "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 938, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube tip positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg", "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 939, "question": "Is there evidence of a sternotomy on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg", "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 940, "question": "Is there a cardiac pacemaker present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s54716295/14a4a35d-8763ba28-085afc05-45f80848-08962597.jpg", "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach Findings: Enteric tube tip in the proximal stomach. Right IJ line tip mid SVC. \n Endotracheal tube tip in good position. Sternotomy. There is cardiac\n pacemaker. Minimal new left basilar atelectasis. Suggestion of tiny left\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 941, "question": "Are there multifocal parenchymal opacities present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg", "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 942, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary abnormality noted in this report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg", "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 943, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size described as normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg", "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 944, "question": "Is there a new focal consolidation seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg", "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 945, "question": "Are surgical clips from prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) visible in the mediastinum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s56997833/ff9fed32-307dfd9e-3f70b114-c9234fbc-6a057052.jpg", "report": "impression: Re- demonstration of multifocal parenchymal opacities compatible with\n adenocarcinoma, better assessed on the previous CT. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged and multiple mediastinal clips\n from prior CABG are again noted. The aorta remains tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Hilar contours are\n similar. Ill-defined focal opacities are again noted within both upper lobes\n as well as within the left lower lobe, not substantially changed in the\n interval, and better assessed on the previous CT. No new focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Clips are noted within the midline upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 946, "question": "Has the patient's pulmonary edema worsened since the last exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 947, "question": "Is the worsening of pulmonary edema more severe on the right side than on the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 948, "question": "Are there bibasilar pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 949, "question": "Is there evidence of compressive atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 950, "question": "Is there a chest tube in place on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51339993/3d99ed96-dc2263d9-e1073168-b827579b-63b897ec.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsening of the patient's pulmonary edema, more severe on the right than\n on the left.\n 2. Bibasilar pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval increase in the pulmonary edema, greater on\n the right than on the left. There are bilateral small pleural effusions with\n compressive atelectasis. There is stable widening of the mediastinum. A\n right chest tube is seen and unchanged from the prior exams. There are\n multiple overlying wires. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 951, "question": "Does the patient have a right-sided PICC line in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 952, "question": "Is the distal tip of the PICC line located at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 953, "question": "Are there signs of atelectasis at the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 954, "question": "Is there a left retrocardiac opacity present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 955, "question": "Are there any pneumothoraces visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54392033/aa20f78f-53dce569-e7263012-3c4ab839-7abbabd4.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There are low lung volumes with atelectasis at the lung bases and a\n left retrocardiac opacity. This is unchanged. Surgical clips within the left\n axilla are again seen. There are several healed old right-sided rib\n fractures. No pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 956, "question": "Does the patient show evidence of any acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 957, "question": "Is there a small focal opacity in the lateral right lower hemithorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 958, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 959, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 960, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s55372843/92c1d255-50a94318-0d4def6d-64a46468-3233bb79.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower hemithorax.\n Shallow obliques off the frontal view are recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ (covering for\n Dr. ___, ___ by phone at ___:___pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Small focal opacity projects over the lateral right lower\n hemithorax, may represent overlapping structures, but further evaluation is\n recommended with shallow obliques to assess for possible pulmonary nodule. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 961, "question": "Does the patient have evidence of acute disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 962, "question": "Has the patient likely undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 963, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 964, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 965, "question": "Is there a significant change from previous imaging?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/80f8c1cf-51619e01-2da83861-7c12a49d-f6858e53.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 966, "question": "Does the patient have cavitary lesions in the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 967, "question": "Have the cavitary lesions increased in size since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 968, "question": "Is there an air-fluid level present in the largest cavitary lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 969, "question": "Are the multifocal ground glass opacities and consolidation in the left upper lobe stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 970, "question": "Are there any new cavitary lesions noted on this study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17270742/s50255843/8aa4f925-9b6e30c1-526619f6-79135e41-713c105c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Cavitary lesions in the right lung, consistent with known aspergillosis,\n with interval increase in the size of the largest lesion since ___.\n 2. Stable multifocal ground glass opacities, with more confluent consolidation\n in the left upper lobe. Findings: Again seen are two cavitary lesions in the\n right lung, with the largest in the right perihilar region, now measuring at\n least 14 cm in craniocaudal ___. This lesion is slightly larger since\n the prior study where it measured 11 cm. An airfluid level is seen in this\n lesion. The smaller cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe is stable. No new\n cavitary lesion is seen. Multiple areas of ground glass opacities, with more\n confluent consolidation in the left upper lobe are similar to the prior CT. No\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 971, "question": "Has there been little change compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 972, "question": "Is there evidence of minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 973, "question": "Is a small pleural effusion present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 974, "question": "Can bibasilar atelectasis be observed on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 975, "question": "Does the central catheter remain in place from the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19765968/s55596851/a8b7cbef-ae8ef4b0-09766f27-a49a3af2-eea22021.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. There\n may be some minimal residual elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and small\n pleural effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. Central catheter remains in\n place."} {"question_id": 976, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae."} {"question_id": 977, "question": "Has there been an increase in vascular markings since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae."} {"question_id": 978, "question": "Is there a sizeable pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae."} {"question_id": 979, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits in size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae."} {"question_id": 980, "question": "Are there any focal opacities suggestive of an infection in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10449297/s54773340/c11e9140-f4243636-254f1c94-23fa1f6b-4efd76bf.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema. Findings: Comparison is made to ___. In\n comparison to prior exam, there is increase in the vascular markings\n consistent with cardiac failure. No sizeable pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal in size. The lungs show no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. Compression deformity at\n approximate T12 vertebrae."} {"question_id": 981, "question": "Is there evidence of focal pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___."} {"question_id": 982, "question": "Has the right PICC line been removed since the previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___."} {"question_id": 983, "question": "Are the lungs well-expanded and clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___."} {"question_id": 984, "question": "Is the heart size considered normal in this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___."} {"question_id": 985, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show a widening of the mediastinum?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s59688743/09eef487-ce5f18a5-ba553a04-30f2617c-4f4a6692.jpg", "report": "impression: No focal pneumonia. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the interim. The lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinum is not widened. Surgical clips project\n over the left upper quadrant, unchanged. Anterior spinal fixation in the\n lower cervical spine is partially imaged. Multilevel degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine are mild. Rightward curvature of the thoracic spine could\n be positional though was also present on ___."} {"question_id": 986, "question": "Does the patient have mild interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 987, "question": "Is there cardiomegaly present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 988, "question": "Are there small bilateral effusions observed on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 989, "question": "Has there been a significant change from the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 990, "question": "Are the bony structures intact without any acute abnormality?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52841174/4eab5702-5e51a961-a59e4e84-b5aa758f-4e367b89.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema, stable cardiomegaly with small bilateral\n effusions. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Patient is rotated somewhat limiting the\n evaluation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette, though cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly stable. There are small layering bilateral\n effusions with mild interstitial edema. Overall, there has been no\n significant change from prior study. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 991, "question": "Is there evidence of mild vascular congestion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 992, "question": "Is the opacification of the right upper lung possibly due to pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 993, "question": "Are there small, bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 994, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax detected on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 995, "question": "Is the right lung hypoinflated compared to the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13921768/s50966773/2a262a8c-c8739dde-30e57c4d-800f4b3a-51d54c14.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. There is mild vascular congestion consistent with mild fluid overload.\n \n 2. Opacification of the right upper lung could be due to asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, scapula projecting over the lung or in the appropriate clinical setting\n pneumonia.\n \n 3. Small, bilateral pleural effusions and associated bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Single AP view of the chest provided.\n \n A right atrioventricular pacemaker appears unchanged.\n \n The right lung is hypoinflated in relation to the left lung. There is mild\n vascular congestion consistent with fluid overload.\n \n No pneumothorax. Small, bilateral pleural effusions are seen with associated\n bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous.\n \n Severe S-shaped is unchanged."} {"question_id": 996, "question": "Is there an opacity in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy."} {"question_id": 997, "question": "Is the volume loss in the right lower lobe likely due to atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy."} {"question_id": 998, "question": "Are there any new findings of consolidation or pulmonary edema since the prior studies? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy."} {"question_id": 999, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax on this study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy."} {"question_id": 1000, "question": "Has there been a prior lobectomy resulting in volume loss in the left lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s52937462/f1e6712c-61dabae0-6691539a-039dcbb7-6c467216.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity with volume loss, likely atelectasis,\n unchanged since the earlier study of ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with stable enlargement of the left pulmonary artery superimposed\n over the left upper lung. Streaky opacities and volume loss in the right\n lower lobe, likely atelectasis, have been stable since the prior studies. No\n new consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There is stable volume loss in the left lung secondary to prior lobectomy."} {"question_id": 1001, "question": "Are there new opacities in the lower lobes of the lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg", "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1002, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg", "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1003, "question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the mediastinal silhouette or hilar contours? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg", "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1004, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg", "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1005, "question": "Are there multiple leads present in the right ventricle and right atrium? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s57001251/9dbf45cb-e6b01b87-76e4d3db-7a480daf-192bce3b.jpg", "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities could represent atelectasis, sequelae of aspiration or\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right and left lower lobe opacity. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, unchanged. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multiple right ventricular and right atrium leads are noted,\n unchanged. A left-sided pacer is also unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1006, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1007, "question": "Are the lungs clear of consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1008, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1009, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1010, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the osseous structures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s57171514/1de015eb-891f1b02-f90be378-d6af1e86-df3270c2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1011, "question": "Are there new multifocal regions of consolidation compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1012, "question": "Is the consolidation located in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1013, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1014, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1015, "question": "Are the osseous and soft tissue structures appearing unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59225625/7491ba73-b81aa431-0b41a7cb-733d87f1-4523ba29.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal regions of consolidation, new since exam from two\n weeks prior, compatible with pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Recommend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. There is new multifocal consolidation in the right\n upper lobe, within the right perihilar region and possibly in the retrocardiac\n region as well. Lungs are otherwise notable for parenchymal architectural\n distortion at the upper lungs bilaterally. There is no effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1016, "question": "Does the patient have moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1017, "question": "Is there an AICD visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1018, "question": "Are there any indications of congestive heart failure on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1019, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1020, "question": "Can atherosclerotic calcification be seen at the aortic knob?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50291999/449aaf0d-39419c16-a79e10d0-a6d3b8b1-1076c60f.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly with AICD in unchanged position. No evidence of\n congestive heart failure or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate an AICD projecting over\n the left chest wall with leads extending into the region of the right atrium,\n right ventricle, and coronary sinus. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Atherosclerotic calcification at\n the aortic knob. Bony structures intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1021, "question": "Has there been any significant interval change since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 1022, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 1023, "question": "Are the hilar contours unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 1024, "question": "Is there evidence of significant central vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "No. (The report states \"possible minimal,\" not significant.)", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 1025, "question": "Does the report indicate any new abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/24960743-14f426d7-d057ceaa-ea719e12-5534250a.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 1026, "question": "Has the rounded pleural opacity on the right side almost completely resolved since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta."} {"question_id": 1027, "question": "Does the patient still have a right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes, but it has decreased in extent.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta."} {"question_id": 1028, "question": "Is there an elevation of the hemidiaphragm noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta."} {"question_id": 1029, "question": "Does the left lung parenchyma appear normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta."} {"question_id": 1030, "question": "Is there evidence of healed left rib fractures on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59873070/3c333c52-c86e232a-705001ae-b328c40c-41096f34.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination from ___, the\n rounded pleural opacity (should not be mistaken for a mass) on the right,\n caused by encapsulated pleural effusion, has almost completely resolved. The\n right pleural effusion has decreased in extent. However, there is elevation\n of the hemidiaphragm, a small basal pleural effusion and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis.\n \n On the left, the lung parenchyma now appears normal. Healed left rib\n fractures are visible. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta."} {"question_id": 1031, "question": "Does the patient's hand obscure part of the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered."} {"question_id": 1032, "question": "Is there an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered."} {"question_id": 1033, "question": "Are the pulmonary vessels appearing engorged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered."} {"question_id": 1034, "question": "Is there evidence suggestive of elevated pulmonary venous pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered."} {"question_id": 1035, "question": "Could there be a superimposed basilar pneumonia based on the clinical setting?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s52052294/e6298e5b-366c6725-3be73135-100fb888-3168c3b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the hand of the patient\n obscures the lower half of the left chest. There is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with indistinctness of engorged pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with elevated pulmonary venous pressure. In the appropriate\n clinical setting, superimposed basilar pneumonia could be considered."} {"question_id": 1036, "question": "Is there a possible early pneumonia in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 1037, "question": "Is there scarring present in the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 1038, "question": "Do the findings suggest the patient has COPD?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 1039, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 1040, "question": "Are there any acute osseous lesions visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s51882937/60ac55ad-b8bf8c04-356991fb-91f18417-83b359fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Possible early right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Left upper lobe scarring from prior pneumonia.\n 3. Findings consistent with COPD. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right lower lobe that is concerning for early pneumonia. There\n is linear scarring in the left upper lobe from area of prior pneumonia that\n has resolved. The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened,\n consistent with COPD. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no free air under the\n right hemidiaphragm. There are no acute osseous lesions."} {"question_id": 1041, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiothoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent."} {"question_id": 1042, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent."} {"question_id": 1043, "question": "Has the left upper lobe oval nodule shown any change over time?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent."} {"question_id": 1044, "question": "Are the post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent."} {"question_id": 1045, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s59804376/d9c359c1-1be4d372-89b1a633-8ae85c64-d875118f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process including no evidence of\n pneumonia. Findings: A longstanding left upper lobe oval nodule has been present since at\n least ___ and has not changed since at least ___ when a Chest CT report\n termed it benign. Sclerosis at the right first costochondral junction as well\n as post-surgical changes from a wedge resection in the right upper lobe are\n all stable since ___.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is chronic or\n recurrent."} {"question_id": 1046, "question": "Does the patient have evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg", "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact."} {"question_id": 1047, "question": "Is there scarring present at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg", "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact."} {"question_id": 1048, "question": "Are there definite signs of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg", "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact."} {"question_id": 1049, "question": "Is there any evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg", "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact."} {"question_id": 1050, "question": "Are the bony structures of the chest intact on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55946640/20c5c50c-553e3e49-0736e206-832e3377-9d7f8937.jpg", "report": "impression: COPD, scarring at the right lung base. No definite signs of\n pneumonia or CHF. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n hyperinflated with markedly widened AP diameter of the chest which is\n compatible with emphysema. An area of presumed scarring at the right lung\n base appears stable from most recent prior exam. There is no new\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears stable. Bony structures intact."} {"question_id": 1051, "question": "Has a pigtail been placed in the patient's right lower hemithorax? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan."} {"question_id": 1052, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax after the pigtail placement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan."} {"question_id": 1053, "question": "Has the right subpulmonic pleural effusion shown significant improvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan."} {"question_id": 1054, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion associated with left lower lung pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan."} {"question_id": 1055, "question": "Has the patient undergone a right upper lobe lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s51718410/0844862c-b31ad664-cb39e0fe-f457cc37-02e1b4ae.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after pigtail placement. \n Right subpulmonic pleural effusion has significantly improved. Findings: New pigtail is in right lower hemithorax with significant improvement of\n subpulmonic effusion. Left lower lung pneumonia with small pleural effusion\n is slightly worse than ___ but improved since ___. \n Patient had right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy for cancer, this\n was better assessed in recent CT scan."} {"question_id": 1056, "question": "Does the patient have severe cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1057, "question": "Is there a left subclavian vascular stent present in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1058, "question": "Has the pulmonary vascular congestion worsened since the last imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1059, "question": "Is there fluid noted within the minor fissure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1060, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/ac2bc5fb-c181f807-907ef393-692441ee-057ffb40.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1061, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1062, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1063, "question": "Are there any changes in the position of the right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1064, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1065, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s52702994/dce92976-fb96a7c4-c9a1da62-474592a5-98203d87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Right subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stents unchanged\n in position. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1066, "question": "Has the Dobbhoff tube been repositioned since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 1067, "question": "Is the opaque tip of the Dobbhoff tube located in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 1068, "question": "Is the opaque tip of the Dobbhoff tube pointing laterally?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 1069, "question": "Is there a significant change in the appearance of the heart since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 1070, "question": "Is there a significant change in the appearance of the lungs since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s54023727/d395c594-96025cff-7e6af4ad-ca08ac10-032bd500.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the Dobbhoff tube has been pulled\n back somewhat. The opaque tip is in the mid body of the stomach, pointing\n laterally.\n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs."} {"question_id": 1071, "question": "Are the lungs well inflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant."} {"question_id": 1072, "question": "Is there mild bilateral apical scarring present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant."} {"question_id": 1073, "question": "Is there a subtle peribronchial opacity in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant."} {"question_id": 1074, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant."} {"question_id": 1075, "question": "Are mediastinal clips visible within the left upper quadrant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51986565/232aed3a-74900285-3fa279f4-43c5af2a-e8406c03.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent subtle peribronchial opacity in left lung is worrisome for early\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Lungs are well inflated. Mild bilateral apical scarring noted. Subtle\n peribronchial opacity only seen on frontal view in the left lung superior and\n lateral to the left hilus is unchanged since prior examination. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Visualized osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical spine fusion\n device. Mediastinal clips are again seen within the left upper quadrant."} {"question_id": 1076, "question": "Are there innumerable pulmonary metastases visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg", "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination."} {"question_id": 1077, "question": "Has there been any interval development of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax since the recent CT?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg", "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination."} {"question_id": 1078, "question": "Are the esophageal stents visible within the stomach area on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg", "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination."} {"question_id": 1079, "question": "Are there any changes to the heart and mediastinal contours compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg", "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination."} {"question_id": 1080, "question": "Can the osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT be well assessed on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s53607277/09a3e9d9-822e7d52-af47f424-1f87a789-2edd0300.jpg", "report": "impression: Innumerable pulmonary metastases and migrated esophageal stents, residing\n within the stomach, without evidence of acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Innumerable pulmonary metastases are\n re-demonstrated and better assessed on the recent CT without intervally\n developed focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n esophageal stents again project over the upper abdomen consistent migration\n into the stomach as depicted on the recent CT. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are unchanged with postsurgical changes noted in the mediastinum. \n Osseous abnormalities described in the recent CT are not well assessed on the\n current examination."} {"question_id": 1081, "question": "Compared to the previous study, is there any evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged."} {"question_id": 1082, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged."} {"question_id": 1083, "question": "Can vascular congestion be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged."} {"question_id": 1084, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged."} {"question_id": 1085, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette within normal size limits?\n", "answer": "No. (It is at the upper limits or slightly enlarged.)", "image": "p14/p14727722/s59022336/f3f953d7-e6a719c7-2e5e731b-3181955e-30e32f42.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size or slightly enlarged."} {"question_id": 1086, "question": "Has there been an interval increase in interstitial markings since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen."} {"question_id": 1087, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen."} {"question_id": 1088, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen."} {"question_id": 1089, "question": "Are surgical clips present overlying the left upper mediastinum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen."} {"question_id": 1090, "question": "Are aortic knob calcifications noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s55167068/8137d98b-e8a60482-a158cc07-096a8d02-978fa0cc.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally since the\n prior study raises concern for worsening pulmonary edema.\n \n Small right pleural effusion, better assessed on preceding CT.\n \n Left lower lobe opacities better seen on CT Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. In the interval\n since the prior study, there is increase in interstitial markings bilaterally,\n particularly centrally, worrisome for worsening pulmonary edema. Right\n basilar opacity is again seen, which may be due to fluid overload, although an\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. Small right pleural effusion was\n better seen on CT as was left lower lobe opacities. Surgical clips are noted\n overlying the left upper mediastinum. Aortic knob calcifications again seen."} {"question_id": 1091, "question": "Has there been any change in the right pleural effusion since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased."} {"question_id": 1092, "question": "Are there fibrotic changes present in both lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased."} {"question_id": 1093, "question": "Is there evidence of recent pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased."} {"question_id": 1094, "question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased."} {"question_id": 1095, "question": "Is the heart size larger than normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59560734/871b39ac-d22367db-2644f680-703ffc97-e29ad517.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable layering moderate right pleural effusion since ___. Findings: There are stable fibrotic changes involving both lungs with left\n apical scarring related to known prior tuberculosis exposure. There is a\n stable moderate layering right pleural effusion since ___. There are\n no new focally occurring parenchymal opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable, with heart size within the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not increased."} {"question_id": 1096, "question": "Are the pigtail pleural catheters still in place? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg", "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1097, "question": "Have the small bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces increased in size since the prior study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg", "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1098, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg", "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1099, "question": "Have the small bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces decreased in size since the prior study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg", "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1100, "question": "Are the pneumothoraces significantly large? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s57802287/08a8deab-aa27ad50-256fe6f1-21da6275-363a878d.jpg", "report": "Pigtail pleural catheters remain in place bilaterally. Small\n bilateral apical lateral pneumothoraces have slightly decreased in size since\n the prior study. Small left pleural effusion is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1101, "question": "Is there a right-sided central venous line present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1102, "question": "Is the distal tip of the central venous line at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1103, "question": "Is the feeding tube's distal tip positioned below the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1104, "question": "Does the patient have a known empyema with an air-fluid level on the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1105, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s55693842/960b69b4-844f9fbb-2fe99d01-27e23cb6-c4a78097.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided central venous line with distal tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. \n There is air-fluid level projecting over the right lower lobe consistent with\n the patient's known empyema. The pigtail catheter at the right base is no\n longer seen. There is also a left-sided small pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1106, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube positioned adequately?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg", "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1107, "question": "Does the feeding tube extend below the diaphragm into the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg", "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1108, "question": "Have the opacities in the right mid and lower lung and left lower lung worsened since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg", "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1109, "question": "Is there a possibility of coexisting pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg", "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1110, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17032538/s58641137/6ec78bca-9eb86302-16367715-1a68dd88-f70084c0.jpg", "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3.4 cm above the carina and is\n adequately positioned. Feeding tube is seen to course below the diaphragm\n into the stomach; however, distal end is out of the radiographic view.\n \n Right mid and lower lung and left lower lung opacities concerning for\n multifocal pneumonia have worsened since ___. An coexisting\n component pulmonary edema is possible. No other interval changes. Scarring in\n the right lower lungs and right apical dense pleural thickening are unchanged.\n Small bilateral pleural effusions are similar. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1111, "question": "Has there been a development of massive cardiomegaly since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1112, "question": "Is there a concern for pericardial effusion based on the globular configuration of the heart?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1113, "question": "Is there plate-like atelectasis present in the left base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1114, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1115, "question": "Has the trace left pleural effusion changed since the preceding exam?\n", "answer": "Yes, it has decreased.", "image": "p11/p11607628/s52356321/9c44b35d-68d09c0c-3cfbce66-0341de07-1c0346ee.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Short interval development of massive cardiomegaly with globular\n configuration, concerning for pericardial effusion.\n \n 2. Trace left effusion with plate-like atelectasis. Possible trace right\n effusion, unchanged. \n \n Findings reported to Dr. ___ by phone at 4 a.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral\n single lead AICD with stable position of lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. The heart appears globular and enlarged, more pronounced as\n compared to ___, morphology suggestive of pericardial effusion. \n There is plate-like atelectasis in the left base with associated pleural\n effusion, which is decreased since preceding exam. There is no pneumothorax\n or frank edema. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1116, "question": "Is there increased opacification within the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg", "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone."} {"question_id": 1117, "question": "Is the right hemidiaphragm obscured on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg", "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone."} {"question_id": 1118, "question": "Could the opacification in the right lower lobe be due to atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg", "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone."} {"question_id": 1119, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg", "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone."} {"question_id": 1120, "question": "Is a chest CT with contrast recommended for the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s57339166/38b3b47d-6984aed6-acb1ea60-2c93049b-1ccdfc91.jpg", "report": "Compared to ___ there is increased opacification within the right lower\n lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm. This may represent right\n lower lobe atelectasis, however infectious process or asymmetric edema cannot\n be excluded. Additional areas of opacification in the right upper lung may\n represent asymmetric pulmonary edema. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged likely\n representing volume overload. A PA and lateral chest radiograph may be\n obtained to help localize area of consolidation. A Chest CT with contrast\n should be obtained once the patient is more stable to rule out presence of\n underlying mass. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ is at 16:48 on ___ via telephone."} {"question_id": 1121, "question": "Have the monitoring and support devices changed position since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1122, "question": "Is there a significant change in the pre-existing right basal opacity?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1123, "question": "Is the left hemidiaphragm less visible, indicating possible atelectasis or a small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1124, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes, it is moderate and unchanged.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1125, "question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the right costophrenic sinus?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s57873452/28c17b79-14a8e7a1-14591313-2a68d678-39106288.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are constant in position.\n \n The pre-existing right basal opacity, with maximum in the infrahilar area, is\n not substantially changed. On the left, there is decreased visibility of the\n left hemidiaphragm, suggesting the appearance of either atelectasis or small\n left pleural effusion. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. The right\n costophrenic sinus is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1126, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased in size since the most recent radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1127, "question": "Is the presence of a right pleural catheter confirmed on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1128, "question": "Is there any evidence of atelectasis or infection in the right mid to lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1129, "question": "Is there any sign of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1130, "question": "Has the central adenopathy increased since the previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57424140/2d93fd96-9b0fecad-1fdab811-37caf33a-3874a948.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased moderate right loculated pleural effusion. Unchanged\n positioning of a right pleural catheter.\n \n 2. Slight increase in right mid to lower lung heterogeneous opacities, likely\n partially due to increased pleural fluid, although atelectasis or infection in\n this region is certainly possible.\n \n 3. Borderline pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 5. Increased central adenopathy compared to prior radiographs from ___. Further evaluation could be performed with CT, if clinically\n indicated.\n \n Findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n at 8:58 a.m. via telephone on the day of the study. Findings: There is redemonstration of a right pleural catheter, with its tip\n projecting over the posterior pleural space. A moderate loculated right\n pleural effusion is slightly increased in size compared to the most recent\n radiograph from ___. Heterogeneous opacities in the right mid to\n lower lung are slightly increased, possibly partially due to overlying pleural\n fluid, although atelectasis or infection in this region is certainly possible.\n There is borderline pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly is not significantly\n changed. There is no definite left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There is evidence of central adenopathy, increased compared to prior\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1131, "question": "Are diffuse masses and nodules present in both lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized."} {"question_id": 1132, "question": "Is there a chest tube on the right side of the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized."} {"question_id": 1133, "question": "Has the size of the pneumothorax at the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex changed since the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized."} {"question_id": 1134, "question": "Is there a left retrocardiac opacity present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized."} {"question_id": 1135, "question": "Is there evidence of hardware within the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17704774/s54949810/9a046e7c-057d79d3-d97632b4-19afc34b-e0beff6a.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are again seen diffuse masses and nodules throughout both lungs\n consistent with known widespread metastatic disease. There is a right-sided\n chest tube with distal tip at the right apex. The size of the pneumothorax at\n the right base, right lower chest wall, and right lung apex is unchanged. \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity and left-sided pleural\n effusion. Hardware within the thoracic spine is again visualized."} {"question_id": 1136, "question": "Has there been a relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image."} {"question_id": 1137, "question": "Is there near complete opacification of the right lung with air bronchograms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image."} {"question_id": 1138, "question": "Have the opacities on the left lung increased since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image."} {"question_id": 1139, "question": "Are there any new parenchymal opacities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image."} {"question_id": 1140, "question": "Are the costophrenic sinuses visible on the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s58495629/41015709-991752ad-b8bf5519-0dd588fd-dec4d029.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Near complete opacification of the right lung with multiple air\n bronchograms that has neither increased nor decreased in the interval. \n Unchanged widespread but less severe opacities on the left. Unchanged\n monitoring and support devices. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The\n regions of the costophrenic sinuses are not included on the image."} {"question_id": 1141, "question": "Has there been a slight improvement in the pulmonary edema compared to previous examinations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized."} {"question_id": 1142, "question": "Are patchy opacities present in the lung bases possibly indicative of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized."} {"question_id": 1143, "question": "Is it possible that the patchy opacities in the left lung base could be due to an infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized."} {"question_id": 1144, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized."} {"question_id": 1145, "question": "Is the Port-A-Cath tip appropriately positioned at the junction of the SVC and right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50126222/0ae07ada-41d03c2a-ec74ae48-d0c17cec-343ae6fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities in the lung\n bases may reflect atelectasis, but infection particularly in the left lung\n base cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. Lung volumes are low with mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved in the interval. Patchy opacities in\n the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis, but infection particularly in\n the left lung base cannot be completely excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is again\n noted. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized."} {"question_id": 1146, "question": "Is the feeding tube tip located in the distal stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg", "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity."} {"question_id": 1147, "question": "Have the pulmonary findings worsened since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg", "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity."} {"question_id": 1148, "question": "Have the central line and endotracheal tube been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg", "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity."} {"question_id": 1149, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg", "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity."} {"question_id": 1150, "question": "Has the heart size increased compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s59144799/ba021d0f-a80b547a-f46e1b2b-5b0a8ce9-3507868f.jpg", "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach.\n Worsened pulmonary findings Findings: Feeding tube tip in the distal stomach. Central line, endotracheal tube have\n been removed. Sternotomy, valve replacements. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions have worsened. Left basilar atelectasis or infiltrate, worsened. \n Right basilar atelectasis, worsened. Increased heart size, more prominent. \n Mildly prominent pulmonary vascularity."} {"question_id": 1151, "question": "Is there atelectasis present in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1152, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1153, "question": "Are there fractures in the sternotomy wires?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1154, "question": "Is there a definite focal consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1155, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s56018459/6fa0dab9-9c76b1c5-e420ee1c-d851a556-a50a5a88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left mid to lower lung atelectasis. Low lung volumes.\n 2. The patient is status post sternotomy with fracture of at least the first\n and second sternotomy wires and possibly the lower most sternotomy wire. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status first median sternotomy. Again, there is fracture of at least the\n first and second sternal wires, the upper wire was seen to be fractured on the\n prior study, although the second wire was not clearly fractured at that time. \n There is left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n There is minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle, although no\n definite pleural effusion is seen on the lateral view. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1156, "question": "Does the patient have a history of pneumonia in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1157, "question": "Is there evidence of residual scarring in the left mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1158, "question": "Are there any definite signs of acute consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1159, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1160, "question": "Are the heart size and mediastinal contour normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57334765/1f37fa7f-bbfdda2f-9ae5bac4-0027124f-f462fe0b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague opacity residua in the left mid to lower lung likely\n represents scarring in this patient with history of pneumonia in this region. \n No acute findings. Findings: There is unchanged opacity in the left mid lung which likely\n represents residual scarring in this patient with prior pneumonia in this\n region. Nipple shadows are noted bilaterally. No definite signs of acute\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of pulmonary edema. The\n heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. The bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1161, "question": "Is there any indication of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1162, "question": "Are there stable fibrotic changes in the upper lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1163, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1164, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1165, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s52624179/225164ad-9f7e5e4f-b9c9e387-2b07cdd5-10488e8b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable fibrotic changes in the\n upper lungs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded. \n Bilateral upper lobe opacities consistent with chronic fibrosis are again\n seen, unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1166, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1167, "question": "Is the interstitial abnormality considered stable when compared to previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1168, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of pulmonary hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1169, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1170, "question": "Does the patient have a Port-A-Cath in place with the tip located in the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s52578479/04e9517d-42048357-acb498cb-3abdd733-bd007f09.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Stable diffuse interstitial abnormality, moderate cardiomegaly, vascular\n engorgement and secondary signs of pulmonary hypertension. Findings: There is a diffuse mild interstitial abnormality, unchanged from\n prior chest radiographs, and likely chronic. There is no evidence of\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is evidence of stable pulmonary hypertension and vascular engorgement. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The mediastinal contours are otherwise\n normal. The heart is moderately enlarged. A left Port-A-Cath is present with\n the tip in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1171, "question": "Has the alignment of the sternal wires changed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only."} {"question_id": 1172, "question": "Is the valvular replacement showing any changes compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only."} {"question_id": 1173, "question": "Are the lung volumes unchanged compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only."} {"question_id": 1174, "question": "Has the transparency at the lung bases improved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only."} {"question_id": 1175, "question": "Are there minimal dorsal pleural effusions present on the lateral radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51148398/02b1b4da-2bcf091c-b126afb0-da48d861-8ffa17a3.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n alignment of the sternal wires. The valvular replacement is unchanged. \n Unchanged lung volumes with, however, improved transparency at the lung bases\n and reduction in extent of the pre-existing interstitial opacities. In the\n lung apices however, signs of minimal basal apical blood flow redistribution\n remain present. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.\n \n Minimal dorsal pleural effusions, seen on the lateral radiograph only."} {"question_id": 1176, "question": "Does the patient have left lower lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1177, "question": "Is there increased opacification in the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1178, "question": "Is there obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1179, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of emphysema, such as hyperinflation and diaphragm flattening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1180, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56129930/2499c15e-4605f752-e137e424-4474ef69-839ebbaa.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia, more apparent than on ___. Findings: There is increased opacification in the left lung base with\n obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm when compared to ___. Again noted\n is hyperinflation and flattening of the diaphragms suggesting emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1181, "question": "Has the size of the cardiac silhouette returned to normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1182, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1183, "question": "Are the bilateral hila stable in size compared to previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1184, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation observed in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1185, "question": "Can a pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s51070813/8aeadf93-9670a6fd-2e65b3ce-0719a2c7-d178e34c.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumonia Findings: Interval decrease in the size of the cardiac silhouette which is now normal.\n Stable enlargement of the bilateral hila. Relative lucency of the left lower\n lobe is likely related to overlying soft tissue. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1186, "question": "Have the monitoring and support devices remained in place since the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged."} {"question_id": 1187, "question": "Are the diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications unchanged from the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged."} {"question_id": 1188, "question": "Is there any indication that the pulmonary opacifications have significantly worsened since the last study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged."} {"question_id": 1189, "question": "Does the report suggest the presence of new focal lung abnormalities? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged."} {"question_id": 1190, "question": "Have any monitoring or support devices been removed since the last study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s59287720/ae716843-fde7cd99-a5fb83a1-9d5eb9d9-ffb02e30.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are\n essentially unchanged."} {"question_id": 1191, "question": "Does the patient have mild interstitial pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed."} {"question_id": 1192, "question": "Is there any evidence of moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed."} {"question_id": 1193, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed."} {"question_id": 1194, "question": "Is there a definite right pleural effusion noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed."} {"question_id": 1195, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s51244125/d72a1a8e-82ff68d3-b7f92ce9-a36fbe0c-1fd32274.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n \n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is a diffuse interstitial abnormality, with a perihilar predominance,\n suggestive of mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is not significantly changed. A small left pleural\n effusion is not significantly changed. There is no definite right pleural\n effusion. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a small hiatal\n hernia, not significantly changed. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over the upper abdomen on the lateral radiograph. Multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine are noted. Anterior wedging\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is not significantly changed."} {"question_id": 1196, "question": "Does the patient have chronic interstitial lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta"} {"question_id": 1197, "question": "Is there evidence of acute pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta"} {"question_id": 1198, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta"} {"question_id": 1199, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta"} {"question_id": 1200, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette top-normal in size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58198532/42493196-32cde3ff-b94d0ab0-baf74d8e-a88ad016.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease. No evidence of acute pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs well expanded. Coarse reticular interstitial opacities are again\n noted bilaterally, consistent with chronic interstitial lung disease. No\n evidence acute pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size. Unchanged tortuous\n aorta"} {"question_id": 1201, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1202, "question": "Is there a pacemaker device present on the left side of the patient's chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1203, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1204, "question": "Has the pulmonary vascular congestion improved since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1205, "question": "Are there any new findings such as focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18615099/s54265960/a0578edb-12a640ca-1ddab351-089c4d4c-00bb6f19.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved when compared to the\n prior exam. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains mildly\n enlarged but stable. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, which is improved when compared to the prior exam. No new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1206, "question": "Are the chest findings considered stable compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 1207, "question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 1208, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 1209, "question": "Are there any signs of acute or chronic lung infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 1210, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mediastinal lipomatosis as previously documented on CT?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/96970f3a-0571b454-3baba4d3-45236f65-abf7a9c6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 1211, "question": "Does the patient have congestive heart failure with interstitial edema? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized."} {"question_id": 1212, "question": "Are there small pleural effusions present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized."} {"question_id": 1213, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated, which might suggest COPD? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized."} {"question_id": 1214, "question": "Is there an ICD with biventricular pacing lead in place? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized."} {"question_id": 1215, "question": "Are the bones diffusely demineralized? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s53546263/1a329778-20bfaa24-80dfc02f-7f896fba-39d0dd88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema and small pleural\n effusions.\n \n 2. Hyperinflated lungs, in keeping with known emphysema on prior CT chest of\n ___. Findings: ICD with biventricular pacing lead remains in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and new interstitial\n edema, superimposed upon chronic areas of linear scar in the mid and lower\n lungs. Lungs are overinflated, suggestive of COPD. Small pleural effusions\n are present bilaterally. Bones are diffusely demineralized."} {"question_id": 1216, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours stable in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph."} {"question_id": 1217, "question": "Do the lungs appear hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph."} {"question_id": 1218, "question": "Is there a new area of increased opacity at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph."} {"question_id": 1219, "question": "Could the increased opacity at the left lung base be due to acute aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph."} {"question_id": 1220, "question": "Have the other findings, such as the postoperative appearance of the right hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures, changed since the recent chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16622813/s59142109/954f63ab-17009b0a-74507f85-db57e82e-94a1eed1.jpg", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. A subtle area of increased opacity has developed at the left\n lung base and could reflect acute aspiration, developing pneumonia, or\n atelectasis. Other findings (including postoperative appearance of the right\n hemithorax and enlarged hilar structures due to a combination of enlarged\n pulmonary arteries and right hilar lymphadenopathy) appear unchanged since the\n recent chest radiograph."} {"question_id": 1221, "question": "Does the patient have signs of acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1222, "question": "Is there possible right lower lobe pneumonia present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1223, "question": "Is there new pulmonary and mediastinal vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1224, "question": "Are the leads of the atrial biventricular ICD unchanged in position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1225, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s56805129/8b21e141-af653815-b3918024-c96d4b9e-6805e677.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Acute exacerbation of recurrent CHF. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia\n in the . Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate new pulmonary\n and mediastinal vascular congestion, perihilar haziness and chronic moderate\n cardiomegaly. New right infrahilar consolidation could be regional edema or\n concurrent pneumonia. The leads of an atriobiventricular ICD are unchanged in\n position, as are two additional right sided right ventricular leads which\n cross the chest wall from right to the left pectoral pacemaker. There is no\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1226, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted."} {"question_id": 1227, "question": "Is there evidence of mild interstitial edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted."} {"question_id": 1228, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted."} {"question_id": 1229, "question": "Is there an eventration of the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted."} {"question_id": 1230, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumonia, such as focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54830140/fd6d0847-90e245d6-5e8b9257-3f6a857c-cc3dccc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart remains\n mildly enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema which is similar\n to prior exam. No large effusion is seen. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Mediastinal contour is stable. No focal\n consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. The bony structures appear intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic calcifications are again\n noted."} {"question_id": 1231, "question": "Is there an elevation of the left hemidiaphragm compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1232, "question": "Has the volume of the left hemithorax decreased?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1233, "question": "Are the lungs more transparent than on the previous examination, indicating improved ventilation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1234, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute lung changes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1235, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51131475/1942d8aa-bc12ddf0-57ea2c73-ec049fab-e766a8bd.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with subsequent decrease in volume of the\n left hemithorax. Otherwise, the lungs are more transparent than on the\n previous examination, likely to reflect improved ventilation. Unchanged mild\n subpleural scarring bilaterally, but no evidence of acute lung changes. No\n evidence of larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1236, "question": "Is there evidence of worsening pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1237, "question": "Is there a right moderate pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1238, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1239, "question": "Is the left lower lobe parenchymal opacity still visible?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1240, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s58000887/7d620442-deb05a77-a0f55a7e-f9f1d0e1-99509e35.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema as well as right moderate effusion.\n \n Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior segment is now obscured\n by increasing pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to ___, interval worsening moderate pulmonary edema. \n Right moderate pleural effusion has also slightly increased. Small left\n effusion persists. Left lower lobe parenchymal opacity in the superior\n segment is now obscured by increasing pulmonary edema. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1241, "question": "Is there evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear."} {"question_id": 1242, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear."} {"question_id": 1243, "question": "Is there calcification of the aortic arch?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear."} {"question_id": 1244, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear."} {"question_id": 1245, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of minor atelectasis at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s55499739/8e161b87-cb333a65-3d63c0a2-06de571e-60c0978e.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. Again noted is\n mild prominence of the main pulmonary artery contour in the aortopulmonary\n window. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is persistent\n minor atelectasis at the left lung base, but otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear."} {"question_id": 1246, "question": "Does the patient show any signs of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position."} {"question_id": 1247, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position."} {"question_id": 1248, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position."} {"question_id": 1249, "question": "Is there evidence of mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position."} {"question_id": 1250, "question": "Is there an elevation of the right hemidiaphragm visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s53292802/31fd8c2d-92304fd6-93dd126a-3ed4e346-c485de34.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild central pulmonar vascular engorgement. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged compared to prior with\n mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement. Elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. Single-lead pacer is seen in similar position."} {"question_id": 1251, "question": "Is there a right-sided effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1252, "question": "Has the size of the right-sided effusion changed compared to prior X-rays?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1253, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1254, "question": "Is there any definite focal consolidation seen?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1255, "question": "Is there a change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19720782/s55652987/8f27588d-1bdebd8f-27072fe7-d51a60d5-c6968fcf.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is persistent elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with a superimposed right basilar opacity\n suggestive of an effusion, similar in size when compared to prior. There is\n also pulmonary vascular congestion, increased compared to prior. There is no\n definite focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. \n Elevation of the right hilum with increased density in the right paratracheal\n region compatible with prior post-treatment changes, better characterized on\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1256, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 1257, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 1258, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 1259, "question": "Have there been any interval changes since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 1260, "question": "Is there any sign of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/71bfff81-56c6477b-3432d360-6d1f41d2-8b2d7988.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 1261, "question": "Does the new PICC line appear to be in the correct position within the SVC on the repeat radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1262, "question": "Is there a concern for the new PICC line being in a potential arterial location?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1263, "question": "Was there a potential small right pleural effusion noted on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1264, "question": "Is there a stable moderate cardiomegaly present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1265, "question": "Was the initial concern about the PICC line communicated immediately after the wet read?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/77961fbc-766a38fd-e7b726ed-43313009-06ed55d4.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1266, "question": "Is there evidence of chronic moderate cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 1267, "question": "Is pulmonary hypertension likely present based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 1268, "question": "Has there been a significant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 1269, "question": "Are there signs of overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 1270, "question": "Are there indications of small bilateral pleural effusions or atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s59762262/13abc428-9f713fce-3b977311-23dd2093-f8c0d743.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and probably pulmonary hypertension, unchanged\n in appearance when compared to prior examination dated ___. No\n overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes.\n When compared to radiograph dated ___, there has been little\n interval change. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours remain unchanged,\n the heart moderately enlarged. Prominent vasculature and prominence of the\n hila is suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Obscuration of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles is consistent with likely small bilateral pleural\n effusions versus atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 1271, "question": "Is there a decrease in the extent of the pre-existing small right pleural effusion compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1272, "question": "Are the interstitial markings increased, suggesting a potential rise in interstitial fluid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1273, "question": "Is there any change in the appearance of the cardiac silhouette since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1274, "question": "Are the basal areas of atelectasis unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1275, "question": "Are the left lung calcified granulomas unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s56614076/45e31ec5-029d54e9-1acec167-663a1397-bccb2493.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a minimal decrease\n in extent of a pre-existing small right pleural effusion. Interstitial\n markings, on the other hand, are slightly increased, potentially reflecting\n increased interstitial fluid contents.\n \n Unchanged ___ of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged basal areas of\n atelectasis, unchanged right venous introduction sheath. Also unchanged are\n left lung calcified granulomas.\n \n Overall, the findings indicate a mild increase in pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1276, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary pathology?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1277, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1278, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1279, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1280, "question": "Are there mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15840907/s54355585/b2cda6f3-388157df-c26cec82-28b37970-af315339.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes\n are seen in the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 1281, "question": "Is the left-sided pacer device stable in position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen."} {"question_id": 1282, "question": "Is there an enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen."} {"question_id": 1283, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen."} {"question_id": 1284, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion or interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen."} {"question_id": 1285, "question": "Are there signs of old left-sided rib fractures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58128416/4d570d20-1f80af86-1855ab56-6d99bc9a-cd105562.jpg", "report": "impression: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is stable in position. Left-sided central venous\n catheter is also stable in position. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n again seen. Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve\n replacement. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion/interstitial edema\n and a small left pleural effusion. Trace right pleural effusion is difficult\n to exclude. Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is seen."} {"question_id": 1286, "question": "Is the heart size normal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult."} {"question_id": 1287, "question": "Are the lung fields clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult."} {"question_id": 1288, "question": "Does the superior mediastinum appear slightly widened on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult."} {"question_id": 1289, "question": "Is the patient's positioning contributing to the appearance of the chest X-ray, possibly indicating rotation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult."} {"question_id": 1290, "question": "Is it difficult to compare the current chest X-ray to the previous examination due to varying degrees of patient rotation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56990167/dc00203a-4168ce8c-d79d47d2-eef8780b-d3fe037a.jpg", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lung fields are clear. The superior\n mediastinum appears slightly widened, but this may be projectional. Patient\n is mildly rotated. Followup films in four to six weeks' time are recommended\n to keep this area under observation. Because of varying degrees of rotation,\n comparison to the previous examination of ___ is difficult."} {"question_id": 1291, "question": "Has the patient undergone sternotomy and likely coronary artery bypass graft surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 1292, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 1293, "question": "Are there any changes in the mediastinal and hilar contours compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 1294, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 1295, "question": "Is there a significant change compared to the previous chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18088200/s57801123/49c67d34-b57aa84d-37146bc3-a1b0773c-ef5be03c.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery\n bypass graft surgery. The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear unchanged, including a prominent left-sided epicardial\n fat pad. The lung volumes are low. Streaky lingular opacity suggesting minor\n atelectasis or scarring appears unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic sulcus is more suggestive of similar slight atelectatic change,\n less likely persistent trace pleural effusion. There has been no significant\n change."} {"question_id": 1296, "question": "Is the OG tube correctly positioned within the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg", "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable."} {"question_id": 1297, "question": "Has there been any significant interval change compared to the most recent prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg", "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable."} {"question_id": 1298, "question": "Is there a moderate loculated right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg", "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable."} {"question_id": 1299, "question": "Are the left mid and lower lung opacities stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg", "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable."} {"question_id": 1300, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s59638609/f4ed24b7-7ce4f984-cadc1a40-43fde803-53ae7d9b.jpg", "report": "impression: OG tube coiled within the stomach with the tip pointing towards\n the fundus. Otherwise, no significant interval change.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 2:30pm Findings: There has been placement of an OG feeding tube which is coiled\n within the stomach with the tip pointing towards the fundus. Compared to the\n most recent prior radiograph, there has been no significant change. Moderate\n loculated right pleural effusion, is unchanged. Left mid and lower lung\n opacities are stable. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable."} {"question_id": 1301, "question": "Has one of the right chest tubes been removed since the last study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall."} {"question_id": 1302, "question": "Is there a definite pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall."} {"question_id": 1303, "question": "Are post-surgical changes observed in the right hemithorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall."} {"question_id": 1304, "question": "Is there extensive subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall."} {"question_id": 1305, "question": "Are any new chest tubes visible in comparison to the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s58283482/f6a7a470-9e057a45-d244e0e5-3efe1422-bb946478.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, one of the right chest tubes\n appears to have been removed. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated. \n Post-surgical changes persist in the right hemithorax and there is extensive\n subcutaneous gas along the right lateral chest wall."} {"question_id": 1306, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1307, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours showing any changes from previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1308, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1309, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1310, "question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature abnormal in any way?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s59375123/7f893546-338c10fd-6a9cd08f-10d75928-62b63ac6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded and clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1311, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased in size since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1312, "question": "Is there complete atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1313, "question": "Is there a concern for bronchial obstruction indicated by the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1314, "question": "Are the right upper lobe and left lung clear of any significant abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1315, "question": "Are there any new changes in the median sternotomy wires or post-surgical changes since the aortic valve replacement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/7d705bf2-0c6a9344-d86b9381-311c9eb2-e4b1ab6c.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1316, "question": "Does the patient have persistent left lung base atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1317, "question": "Has the right IJ central venous catheter been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1318, "question": "Are the midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1319, "question": "Is there an improvement in left basilar aeration compared with the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1320, "question": "Is there any free air below the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s59721249/bffeb923-b2e49523-b66fa14c-e5d62eb0-93afffd1.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left lung base atelectasis. Otherwise, unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The previously\n noted right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are stable. There is slight elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis with overall improvement in left\n basilar aeration compared with prior study. The right lung is clear. Heart\n is top normal. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. \n Right AC joint arthropathy is again noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1321, "question": "Are the interstitial markings in the lungs prominent?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture."} {"question_id": 1322, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture."} {"question_id": 1323, "question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette size changed from prior exams?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture."} {"question_id": 1324, "question": "Is there a central line present in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture."} {"question_id": 1325, "question": "Are there any displaced rib fractures visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s59918608/8fd47aef-a0002ac5-00dd791e-784fc4a3-a7bc5026.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged prominent interstitial markings reflecting chronic lung\n disease with possible superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n although not striking. Findings: There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with\n diffuse interstitial markings is unchanged from prior. As previously\n suggested, this may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with\n superimposed pulmonary vascular congestion. A right-side central line\n terminates in the right atrium. Although the exam is limited by overlying\n trauma board, there is no displaced rib fracture."} {"question_id": 1326, "question": "Is there a right Pleurx catheter in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left."} {"question_id": 1327, "question": "Is there still a pleural effusion present on the right side despite the Pleurx catheter?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left."} {"question_id": 1328, "question": "Is there compressive atelectasis at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left."} {"question_id": 1329, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left."} {"question_id": 1330, "question": "Is there any sign of acute focal pneumonia on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s51435164/c8b95c4e-1ab26289-9107ecb6-6e70a749-ec02c584.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, despite the right Pleurx catheter\n in place, there is still a substantial layering pleural effusion with\n compressive atelectasis at the right base. The left lung is essentially clear\n at this time.\n \n Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with minimal if any vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia on the left."} {"question_id": 1331, "question": "Is there evidence of acute disease in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine."} {"question_id": 1332, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine."} {"question_id": 1333, "question": "Is there a presence of linear calcification over the right lung apex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine."} {"question_id": 1334, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothoraces identified?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine."} {"question_id": 1335, "question": "Are there degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joints and lower thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s54973829/a194aa87-2cb7c882-7602c814-7712dbb4-9ac8dea7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. Linear\n calcification projects over the right lung apex. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Vascular\n calcifications are widespread. No free air is demonstrated. There are\n moderate to severe degenerative changes involving each glenohumeral joints.\n Mild degenerative changes are present along the visualized lower thoracic\n spine."} {"question_id": 1336, "question": "Are the lung volumes within normal range?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1337, "question": "Is there evidence of bibasilar atelectasis on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1338, "question": "Is there perihilar bronchovascular crowding visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1339, "question": "Is there any indication of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1340, "question": "Are there any convincing signs of pneumonia present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17147859/s56619225/8146d764-df8a61cc-05eee7e7-2a09b0ca-af854e29.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low with\n bibasilar atelectasis noted. Perihilar bronchovascular crowding is also\n noted. The heart is likely within normal limits of size. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are\n intact."} {"question_id": 1341, "question": "Does the patient have any acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal."} {"question_id": 1342, "question": "Is there increased opacity at the right lung base suggesting a pathology?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal."} {"question_id": 1343, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal."} {"question_id": 1344, "question": "Can a pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal."} {"question_id": 1345, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56290236/879a2872-4e21c290-5352ae99-8805af62-5adc6c28.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. CT is more sensitive for\n detection of mass lesions. Findings: This study was not made available for my interpretation until\n today, ___. Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Increased opacity at the right lung base is likely due to overlapping vascular\n structures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal."} {"question_id": 1346, "question": "Have the pre-existing opacities on the right side resolved since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1347, "question": "Is there evidence of a post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of the fifth rib?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1348, "question": "Is there minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1349, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1350, "question": "Is the size of the cardiac silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s53414987/79de3895-78f8039f-6010f064-7af8dd2e-e73deecb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing partly\n pleural partly parenchymal opacities on the right have completely resolved. \n There is an obviously post-surgical rib defect on the right at the level of\n the fifth rib. Minimal scarring in the region of the middle lobe, but no\n acute changes. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1351, "question": "Does the patient have a history of COPD?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest."} {"question_id": 1352, "question": "Are there mediastinal clips present due to previous surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest."} {"question_id": 1353, "question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest."} {"question_id": 1354, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest."} {"question_id": 1355, "question": "Has the ring-like opacity in the left upper zone resolved since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s56969126/ca198d4c-70be63ec-5974f3e9-d6320a38-4eb83158.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Background COPD, with suspected pulmonary hypertension.\n 2. Status post sternotomy, with mediastinal clips. No CHF. \n 3. No acute infiltrate identified. Residual scarring noted, detailed above. \n 4. No pneumothorax detected. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. Multiple surgical clips are seen about the mediastinum, consistent with\n prior surgery. A linear wire-like density is again noted in the retrosternal\n region, unchanged. Previously seen anterior chest wall drains have been\n removed. \n \n On today's exam, the heart is not enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is\n prominence of a hila suggesting element of pulmonary hypertension, probably\n unchanged. There is some linear atelectasis and/or scarring at both lung\n bases. Ring-like opacity in the left upper zone seen on the prior study has\n resolved, with only minimal residual scarring. No CHF or new focal infiltrate\n is detected. No effusions are identified. No pneumothorax is detected.\n Relative lucency at the right base is thought to represent an artifact due to\n overlying soft tissues of the chest."} {"question_id": 1356, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1357, "question": "Has pneumomediastinum been detected on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1358, "question": "Does the patient show signs of deep cervical air on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1359, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette considered unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1360, "question": "Was there a recommendation to repeat PA and lateral chest radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53276158/e5d1a79a-101a6822-e589102f-05d0d1c7-fe74e5e5.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral imaging later today to verify these findings. \n Otherwise unremarkable chest radiograph. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ at 11:55 a.m. by telephone by\n Dr. ___. Findings: There is no pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or deep cervical air. \n Recommend repeat PA and lateral radiographs of the chest to verify these\n findings. The lungs are well expanded. There is no evidence of acute cardiac\n or pulmonary process. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1361, "question": "Is there an opacity in the right mid lung on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg", "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body."} {"question_id": 1362, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg", "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body."} {"question_id": 1363, "question": "Has the right lower lobe nodule changed in size since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg", "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body."} {"question_id": 1364, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg", "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body."} {"question_id": 1365, "question": "Is the gastric pull-through for esophageal cancer distended?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s55779414/2861b26c-2fa81175-590e2970-96ddb7e3-43145356.jpg", "report": "impression: Right mid lung opacity, waxing and waning since ___, compatible with recurrent pneumonia. Follow-up is recommended after\n therapy to exclude neoplasm given the patient's history of malignancy.\n \n Final impression was communicated via phone call to Dr. ___ by ___\n ___ on ___ at 12:45pm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The known gastric\n pull-through for esophageal cancer is not distended. Bony coalition between\n the posterior arch of the sixth and seventh right ribs is congenital. There\n is increased vague opacity in the right mid lung superimposed on the site of\n bony coalition. Opacity in this area is increased since ___ but is\n similar to ___, and may represent recurrent pneumonia. A right\n lower lobe nodule is similar in size through ___. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign body."} {"question_id": 1366, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable."} {"question_id": 1367, "question": "Were the peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities from the previous CT visible on the chest radiography?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable."} {"question_id": 1368, "question": "Are the lungs showing signs of hyperinflation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable."} {"question_id": 1369, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable."} {"question_id": 1370, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes along with hilar contours stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s51966612/b5da9d38-5e0c570b-e88b17c1-029654a9-a4f8a0b3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval\n change. Please note that peribronchovascular ground-glass opacities at the\n left greater than right lung bases seen on the prior chest CT of ___\n were not appreciated on prior chest radiography on the same date and may still\n be present. Additionally, several pulmonary nodules measuring up to 3 mm are\n not not well appreciated on the current study-CT is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Hilar\n contours are also stable."} {"question_id": 1371, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC."} {"question_id": 1372, "question": "Is there a cardiac pacer device present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC."} {"question_id": 1373, "question": "Has the patient undergone aortic valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC."} {"question_id": 1374, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC."} {"question_id": 1375, "question": "Is there a PICC line in place terminating in the lower SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s55430187/5f4fdb1c-97aed97d-fa4a3b1b-9da4ea33-e9df38ee.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is unchanged in size, and a left cardiac pacer device is in\n stable position with its lead in appropriate position. The patient is status\n post aortic valve replacement and median sternotomy. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or overt pulmonary edema. A right PICC\n terminates in the lower SVC."} {"question_id": 1376, "question": "Are the permanent pacer electrodes in the expected normal position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear."} {"question_id": 1377, "question": "Has there been any change in the chest radiograph compared to previous ones?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear."} {"question_id": 1378, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear."} {"question_id": 1379, "question": "Can an aortic valve prosthesis be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear."} {"question_id": 1380, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s57929429/02459e00-c32b7e61-1d7eaf5a-b10fc8f6-063f7d90.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Expected normal position of permanent pacer electrodes.\n 2. Stable chest radiograph, no pneumothorax. Findings: A permanent pacer is again noted with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and right ventricle in satisfactory position. The metallic\n portion of an aortic valve prosthesis is again visualized. Sternotomy wires\n are also present. Heart size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n are clear."} {"question_id": 1381, "question": "Is there evidence of interstitial pulmonary edema? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1382, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1383, "question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1384, "question": "Can pneumonia be ruled out based on the lack of focal opacities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1385, "question": "Are there fractures in the left-sided ribs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s57363067/d8bc7ccc-a2bac7c8-1dd6d0a5-5ed27c66-4f556bac.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Worsened now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary edema and\n small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions.\n \n 2. Left-sided rib fractures in retrospect apparent since at least ___. Findings: There is interval worsening of now mild-to-moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small-to-moderate bilateral layering pleural effusions. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. There is associated bibasilar atelectasis with no\n focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly. Note is made of\n multiple left-sided rib fractures that in retrospect can be demonstrated on\n radiographs from ___."} {"question_id": 1386, "question": "Has the level of inspiration improved compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1387, "question": "Is the left hemidiaphragm clearly visible on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1388, "question": "Is there hazy opacification at the left base suggesting atelectasis and effusion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1389, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices shown to be different from the previous study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1390, "question": "Is the right hemidiaphragm affected in the same manner as the left? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s50720959/6aff92fc-a55af9c9-b11a0394-d2d62191-122cdf01.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slightly better\n inspiration. The left hemidiaphragm is not sharply seen and there is hazy\n opacification at the left base. This suggests a possible atelectasis and\n effusion. \n \n Monitoring and support devices are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1391, "question": "Are there chronic fibrotic changes present in both lung apices?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1392, "question": "Is there evidence of a small left pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1393, "question": "Can the known left 11th rib fracture be clearly seen on the current exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1394, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1395, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50205123/5df8c586-2f6adf15-722e6f13-ffa8a117-acd92b9a.jpg", "report": "impression: Chronic fibrotic changes within both lung apices. Low lung volumes with\n probable bibasilar atelectasis, though infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Small left pleural effusion. Known left 11th rib fracture is not\n clearly seen on the current exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low. Biapical fibrotic changes\n with traction bronchiectasis is re- demonstrated. Minimal blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion. Streaky\n bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Known fracture of the left 11th rib is not clearly delineated on\n this exam. Clips are seen projecting over the left upper quadrant. No new\n fractures are seen. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but\n no overt pulmonary edema is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1396, "question": "Is there any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1397, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices consistent with the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1398, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1399, "question": "Can a small left pleural effusion be present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1400, "question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on this radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55430988/14ff31ea-afb9a3f3-fca0fe57-1fb4e5d4-9f537945.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant cardiomegaly\n with relatively extensive retrocardiac atelectasis and the potential presence\n of a small left pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary edema. Areas of atelectasis\n at the right lung base. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1401, "question": "Has the size of the cardiac silhouette changed since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion."} {"question_id": 1402, "question": "Is the pulmonary venous pressure still elevated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion."} {"question_id": 1403, "question": "Is the more focal opacification at the left base still present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion."} {"question_id": 1404, "question": "Is there fluid within one of the major fissures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion."} {"question_id": 1405, "question": "Is there a substantial free pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s59691119/5ad83d61-44f64350-e0fe61c9-c78a0842-626ecb1f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous pressure,\n though substantially less than on the prior study. The more focal\n opacification at the left base is not appreciated at this time. There is\n fluid within one of the major fissures, though no substantial free pleural\n effusion."} {"question_id": 1406, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette increased in size since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1407, "question": "Is the poor definition of the hemidiaphragms indicative of bilateral pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1408, "question": "Is there evidence of compressive atelectasis on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1409, "question": "Is there an area of coalescent opacification in the right upper zone of the lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1410, "question": "Could the asymmetric opacification in the right upper zone potentially indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s57231469/2d1e6273-8e13a27a-10e404d2-b5ff44ae-03ad30ce.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with congestive failure. Poor\n definition of the hemidiaphragms is consistent with bilateral pleural effusion\n and compressive atelectasis.\n \n There is an area of more coalescent opacification in the right upper zone that\n is asymmetric with the opposite side. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n this could well represent a developing focus of pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1411, "question": "Has the patient been intubated since the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required."} {"question_id": 1412, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube tip positioned appropriately above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required."} {"question_id": 1413, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present on the left side of the patient's chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required."} {"question_id": 1414, "question": "Are there signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required."} {"question_id": 1415, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show evidence of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14556809/s52110747/2c2536da-bc7670f1-2bbb98a2-e03017cc-87c616ee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3 cm above the carina. \n A left pectoral pacemaker is in unchanged position.\n \n In the interval, lung volumes have substantially decreased, there are signs\n indicative of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung\n bases. No evidence of pneumonia. Short-term followup with chest radiographs\n is required."} {"question_id": 1416, "question": "Does the patient have massive cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg", "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1417, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg", "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1418, "question": "Is there an increased opacity in the right mid-to-lower lung that may indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg", "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1419, "question": "Is the mediastinal contour abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg", "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1420, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s55715754/e539ba13-0f60a2b9-c5777304-ac5661fd-236f33a8.jpg", "report": "impression: Massive cardiomegaly with trace bilateral pleural effusions. \n Opacity within the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP view of the chest provided. The heart is\n massively enlarged. There are trace pleural effusions. Increased opacity in\n the right mid-to-lower lung is concerning for pneumonia. The left lung\n appears essentially clear. No pneumothorax. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1421, "question": "Are there signs of increased hazy opacities at the right lung base? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1422, "question": "May the opacities at the right lung base suggest developing consolidation? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1423, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1424, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1425, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires and cardiac valve replacement visible and unchanged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s50848467/096b32ec-f7a979c1-df4bc2e0-589ac982-da947b3f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increased hazy opacities at the right lung base which may reflect\n developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are slightly increased hazy opacities at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires, left chest\n pacemaker, as well as cardiac valve replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1426, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior."} {"question_id": 1427, "question": "Is there any indication of mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior."} {"question_id": 1428, "question": "Are there any signs of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior."} {"question_id": 1429, "question": "Is there any focal pulmonary consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior."} {"question_id": 1430, "question": "Are the leads of an atriobiventricular ICD present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55101140/e441d29c-c156066e-10c1c80f-419f440f-7a4bf94d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is similar to prior. There is mild pulmonary congestion without\n overt pulmonary edema. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable. The leads of\n an atriobiventricular ICD are in similar position to prior."} {"question_id": 1431, "question": "Does the patient have signs of congestive heart failure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg", "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present."} {"question_id": 1432, "question": "Is there evidence of interstitial edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg", "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present."} {"question_id": 1433, "question": "Can chronic changes of emphysema be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg", "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present."} {"question_id": 1434, "question": "Are there indications of previous heart surgery, such as a median sternotomy and aortic valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg", "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present."} {"question_id": 1435, "question": "Are there definitive large bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "No. (The report states \"questionable small bilateral pleural effusions,\" not definitive large ones.)", "image": "p13/p13606683/s57242265/c1b005c9-f5bb265e-ba26b793-e1767adb-b6c50b32.jpg", "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure with interstitial edema superimposed\n upon chronic changes of emphysema and pleural-parenchymal scarring. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement. ICD pacing device remains in place, with unchanged position of\n leads in the right atrium, right ventricle and an additional lead for\n biventricular pacing. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable in appearance, is\n accompanied by upper zone vascular redistribution and mild interstitial edema.\n The latter superimposed upon chronic pleural and parenchymal scarring within\n the mid and lower lungs bilaterally. Lung volumes are increased, in keeping\n with history of COPD. There are questionable small bilateral pleural\n effusions present."} {"question_id": 1436, "question": "Is there an area of increased density overlying the right hilum? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1437, "question": "Has severe cardiomegaly been identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1438, "question": "Is the recommendation to perform a chest CT for further assessment?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1439, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1440, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s58929701/db56399e-4f04b226-d9773c85-a6d565a6-04fe3904.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Area of increase density overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower\n margin is of unclear clinical significance. Chest CT is recommended for\n further assessment.\n 2. Severe cardiomegaly, unchanged.\n \n The impression was entered as an urgently flagged wet read on the ED dashboard\n by Dr ___ on ___ at 9:05 am after discussion with the attending as the\n patient was still in the ED. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Area of increase density\n overlying the right hilum with a sharp lower margin is of unclear clinical\n significance. Severe cardiomegaly is reidentified. The hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1441, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg", "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 1442, "question": "Are there any new lung opacities of concern visible?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg", "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 1443, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg", "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 1444, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be appreciated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg", "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 1445, "question": "Is the nasogastric tube tip properly positioned in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18110020/s59044985/2d45a143-1df013b8-730bd381-c219de78-7ad22f77.jpg", "report": "Lungs are grossly clear. There are no new lung opacities which are\n of concern. There is no evidence to suggest pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Severe scoliosis is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. The\n nasogastric tube tip is in the stomach and right PICC line is approximately at\n the mid SVC."} {"question_id": 1446, "question": "Are the lungs clear and well expanded on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1447, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1448, "question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1449, "question": "Is there any free air visible below the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1450, "question": "Are the bony structures intact on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54625738/0f257273-0fa8c76f-737b4a98-eedda2aa-44d82e39.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1451, "question": "Is the Dobbhoff tube correctly positioned with its tip in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT."} {"question_id": 1452, "question": "Does the patient have a left-sided PICC line with its tip in the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT."} {"question_id": 1453, "question": "Are there multifocal opacifications present in the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT."} {"question_id": 1454, "question": "Could the multifocal opacifications represent an infectious process?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT."} {"question_id": 1455, "question": "Is there a loculated pleural effusion in the right fissure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s51024049/0fef51dc-8e713f62-0c7f23dc-fb145074-68b8ec4b.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube with tip coiled in stomach and tip terminating in\n the upper esophagus. Multiple opacifications likely represent multifocal\n pneumonia, possibly due to aspiration. Loculated pleural effusion in the\n right fissure. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval insertion of a\n Dobbhoff tube which is coiled within in the stomach and then turns back to\n terminate in the esophagus at the level of the clavicles. There is a\n left-sided PICC line with tip terminating in the mid SVC. There are\n multifocal opacifications, worst in the lung bases, which may represent\n atelectasis, though infectious process is consideration, possibly aspiration. \n Dense opacification projecting over the right mid lung corresponds to a\n loculated fissural effusion evident on the prior CT."} {"question_id": 1456, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1457, "question": "Is there a subtle opacity in the right upper lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1458, "question": "Are follow-up radiographs recommended to assess for interval change?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1459, "question": "Is there evidence of linear scarring within the right mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1460, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s54753684/ab2de298-ded88235-d07642c2-25f1fa59-af01ed92.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Subtle opacity in the right upper lung,\n possibly representing a confluence of shadows, but follow-up radiographs are\n recommended to assess for interval change. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A subtle ill-defined opacity in the right upper lung may reflect\n overlapping shadows, though an underlying parenchymal process may be present. \n Follow-up radiographs are recommended to assess for interval change. Linear\n scarring within the right mid lung is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities\n within the bilateral lung bases likely reflect areas of subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is stable mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged from prior. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 1461, "question": "Has there been slight improvement in the right upper lung opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question_id": 1462, "question": "Are the bibasilar opacities increased compared to previous exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question_id": 1463, "question": "Is it possible that the patient has atelectasis or has aspirated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question_id": 1464, "question": "Can the possibility of a worsening infection be fully excluded based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question_id": 1465, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12966004/s55553875/d506da5a-b2dad80c-f31e282e-15154de3-b4385bea.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight improvement of right upper lung opacity with increased\n bibasilar opacities possibly reflecting atelectasis or aspiration though\n worsening infection cannot be fully excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm above the carina. Nasogastric\n tube terminates within the body of the stomach. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends in the lower SVC. Previously described right upper lung opacity\n is less conspicuous than on the prior. Bibasilar opacities are larger and\n could reflect atelectasis or an aspiration event. Worsening infection cannot\n be excluded. Small left pleural effusion is likely also present. The heart\n is normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette."} {"question_id": 1466, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted."} {"question_id": 1467, "question": "Are the lungs clear of consolidation or effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted."} {"question_id": 1468, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted."} {"question_id": 1469, "question": "Has there been a change in the size of the cardiac silhouette compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted."} {"question_id": 1470, "question": "Is there a right brachiocephalic venous stent in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59332553/301ce3f6-a772d517-7d019547-b8f6d662-45d6850b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. \n No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Right brachiocephalic venous stent\n is again noted."} {"question_id": 1471, "question": "Does the patient have an opacity in the right lower lobe suggestive of pneumonia or aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1472, "question": "Is there suspected moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1473, "question": "Is there a dual-lead pacemaker or ICD visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1474, "question": "Is the heart size considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1475, "question": "Is there any definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50943671/763d782b-5a51908c-3e57e293-836df343-de966853.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia or aspiration. Suspected\n moderate interstitial disease at the lung bases. Follow-up radiographs are\n recommended. Findings: A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD appears unchanged with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is normal in size. There\n is increase in right infrahilar opacity probably correlating with focal right\n lower lobe opacity. This is superimposed on a probably more chronic\n interstitial abnormality at the lung bases, which is greater on the right than\n left. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1476, "question": "Does the patient have a moderate right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg", "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava."} {"question_id": 1477, "question": "Is the right heart border obscured due to the pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg", "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava."} {"question_id": 1478, "question": "Is there elevation of the right hemidiaphragm present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg", "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava."} {"question_id": 1479, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg", "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava."} {"question_id": 1480, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54167884/7b1c0393-9d11556a-679af991-d0cc1d68-b1852b51.jpg", "report": "impression: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Reappearance of moderate right pleural effusion obscures the right heart\n border. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette continues to be mildly enlarged with no signs of vascular\n congestion. No focal consolidation is seen. Left internal jugular catheter\n ends in a known left persistent vena cava."} {"question_id": 1481, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured."} {"question_id": 1482, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured."} {"question_id": 1483, "question": "Can a pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured."} {"question_id": 1484, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes normal in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured."} {"question_id": 1485, "question": "Are the sternotomy wires intact, without any fractures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15518538/s59999362/f1096194-814152f3-c5c14405-305b19d8-0d4eaffb.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. The patient is status post median sternotomy with the superior\n most 2 sternotomy wires again seen to be fractured."} {"question_id": 1486, "question": "Does the patient have an AICD device present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg", "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen."} {"question_id": 1487, "question": "Was a right internal jugular central venous catheter recently removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg", "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen."} {"question_id": 1488, "question": "Is there evidence of minimal interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg", "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen."} {"question_id": 1489, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg", "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen."} {"question_id": 1490, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s51988570/c826aa5d-6ff5ee3a-11a18fb2-ab264bed-566e1edb.jpg", "report": "impression: Minimal interstitial edema and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A\n single-lead left-sided AICD is again seen with lead extending to the expected\n position of the right ventricle. There has been interval removal of a right\n internal jugular central venous catheter. There is minimal interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation seen."} {"question_id": 1491, "question": "Is there any evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1492, "question": "Are the patient's lungs clear of focal consolidation or effusion according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1493, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette on the patient's chest X-ray normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1494, "question": "Are there any remarkable findings in the osseous and soft tissue structures in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1495, "question": "Was the patient's chest X-ray compared with a previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51584806/b800c916-3b94102e-b30f93af-af52c677-167e5233.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are now clear without focal consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1496, "question": "Are there any new findings compared to previous chest X-rays?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg", "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 1497, "question": "Is there a new left lower lobe infiltrate present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg", "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 1498, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg", "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 1499, "question": "Is there also a small right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg", "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 1500, "question": "Have the sternal wires, valve prosthesis, or cardiac device changed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s55187337/be022b6e-69a878a5-39db0aac-453cd12d-627ea0a0.jpg", "report": "impression: New left lower lobe infiltrate and effusion. Findings: Sternal wires, valve prosthesis, cardiac device, and mild cardiomegaly are\n unchanged. There is new left lower lobe infiltrate and small left effusion. \n There is also a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 1501, "question": "Has the patient been intubated since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg", "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1502, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube tip positioned appropriately, approximately 5 cm above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg", "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1503, "question": "Is there a slight improvement in the bilateral alveolar opacities compared to the previous chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg", "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1504, "question": "Are the bilateral pleural effusions showing any change since the last exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg", "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1505, "question": "Are the alveolar opacities limited to one side of the chest?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s52864337/61767c51-5b13fe95-8ee32eb0-6dc19ea8-be684efc.jpg", "report": "There has been interval intubation, with endotracheal tube tip\n terminating about 5 cm above the carina. Exam is otherwise remarkable for\n very slight improvement in widespread bilateral alveolar opacities,\n particularly when compared to the chest radiograph of ___. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1506, "question": "Is the patient showing signs of bilateral pneumonia? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits."} {"question_id": 1507, "question": "Has there been a change in the size of the pleural effusions compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits."} {"question_id": 1508, "question": "Are there any new areas of consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits."} {"question_id": 1509, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits."} {"question_id": 1510, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette considered within normal limits? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57833493/21dd100a-bf76f673-4ee97c34-87797534-1ff8583e.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pneumonia with decreased pleural effusions. Findings: Study is essentially unchanged from immediately prior study dated\n ___. Middle lobe and lingular infiltrate are once again observed and\n essentially unchanged. There has been a slight interval decrease of bilateral\n pleural effusions. No new areas of consolidation are appreciated. No\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal\n limits."} {"question_id": 1511, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 1512, "question": "Are the vascular stents in a changed position?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 1513, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 1514, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 1515, "question": "Can any signs of pulmonary edema be observed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s56970093/56800e51-37c27e17-e57356ac-463bc851-663bdfa9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vascular stents are unchanged in position. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 1516, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 1517, "question": "Can a right PICC line be seen on the X-ray images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 1518, "question": "Are the lungs free of consolidation or effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 1519, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal in size?\n", "answer": "No, it is enlarged but stable.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 1520, "question": "Is there evidence of a left posterior 7th rib fracture?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s54783326/8e4f1e80-f399aae7-0d76204f-8cb99fb9-e837fe04.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Right PICC is no longer visualized. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. All left posterior 7th rib fracture is identified. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch."} {"question_id": 1521, "question": "Has a right-sided chest tube been placed since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg", "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan."} {"question_id": 1522, "question": "Is there evidence of a persistent left basilar pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg", "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan."} {"question_id": 1523, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable when compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg", "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan."} {"question_id": 1524, "question": "Are the osseous and soft tissue structures unchanged from the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg", "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan."} {"question_id": 1525, "question": "Does the report suggest that a CT scan would better characterize the osseous and soft tissue structures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12736592/s55696171/f5108618-8f9b67ff-661df382-f791f1ad-7a660047.jpg", "report": "Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n earlier the same day at 4:57 p.m. There has been interval placement of a\n right-sided chest tube. Left-sided chest tube is again seen with some\n persistent left basilar pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n as are the osseous and soft tissue structures which are better characterized\n by CT scan."} {"question_id": 1526, "question": "Has there been any relevant change from the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1527, "question": "Does the right lung show diffuse increased opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1528, "question": "Can air bronchograms be observed in the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1529, "question": "Has the pre-existing right pleural effusion increased in size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1530, "question": "Are there any new changes observed in the left lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s50149345/dd0edd5f-bbfc870a-23c7b603-2ee5bd53-caedb97b.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Diffuse increased opacity of the right lung, with several air\n bronchograms. A pre-existing right pleural effusion seems to have moderately\n decreased. No changes in the left lung. Unchanged monitoring and support\n devices. Unchanged aspect of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1531, "question": "Does the patient have right lower lobe atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 1532, "question": "Is there a small effusion associated with the atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 1533, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 1534, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 1535, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s56477444/1e2bf7fd-0332021c-5954e527-9aef62e8-221c5e82.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe atelectasis with a small associated effusion,\n better assessed on concurrent CT. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and shows a right lower\n lobe opacity. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 1536, "question": "Are there diffuse increased interstitial markings observed in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1537, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1538, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1539, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1540, "question": "Can sternotomy wires and mediastinal surgical clips from prior CABG be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/a65d3d93-ce43965b-d289b7d8-624367da-7d615da8.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1541, "question": "Has there been significant change since the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1542, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1543, "question": "Are there signs of vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1544, "question": "Is cardiomyopathy suggested by the overall findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1545, "question": "Is there calcification in the coronary vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18828251/s56632211/81045bbb-0ff47e0f-e6832f53-a8620841-66e813f0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with\n intact midline sternal wires after CABG. No evidence of vascular congestion. \n The overall discordancy raises possibility of cardiomyopathy. Calcification\n is again seen in coronary vessels.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 1546, "question": "Are there pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg", "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position."} {"question_id": 1547, "question": "Does the patient have a normal mediastinal contour on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg", "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position."} {"question_id": 1548, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis in the lower lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg", "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position."} {"question_id": 1549, "question": "Is the atelectasis greater on the right side than on the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg", "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position."} {"question_id": 1550, "question": "Are there any incorrectly positioned lines or tubes visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s51150576/bb664e62-f26a58fb-f3f6515a-0cb91fa0-2638766f.jpg", "report": "impression: No pleural effusions bilaterally. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar, and cardiac contours. Minimal stable atelectasis noted in the\n bilateral lower lungs, right greater than left. Bilateral chest tubes\n projecting over lung bases with no reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Other lines and tubes in appropriate position."} {"question_id": 1551, "question": "Does the patient have signs of mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1552, "question": "Is there a moderate-sized pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1553, "question": "Is there evidence of a single-lead pacemaker or ICD device in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1554, "question": "Have the tricuspid and aortic valves been replaced?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1555, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s54811277/89853b2a-bf88984c-37910d68-2401fca9-884951db.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Similar moderate-sized\n right pleural effusion, probably loculated to some extent, with persistent\n lung opacification that can probably be attributed to associated atelectasis. Findings: There is a single-lead pacemaker/ICD device whose lead terminates\n in the right ventricle as before. The tricuspid and aortic valves has been\n replaced. Hazy opacities that are predominantly central within each lung\n suggest mild pulmonary edema. A persistent pleural effusion with loculated\n character appears unchanged on the right, with probable atelectasis opacifying\n a substantial portion of the right lower hemithorax, as before. There is\n probably a trace pleural effusion only on the left. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1556, "question": "Is the nasogastric tube positioned at the level of the pylorus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg", "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1557, "question": "Is the nasoenteric tube tip visible within the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg", "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1558, "question": "Has the endotracheal tube been removed prior to this X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg", "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1559, "question": "Is there a central venous line present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg", "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1560, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s50438261/d4d5dc4c-6021744f-fa9497e5-157fa69b-f68ddb75.jpg", "report": "The nasogastric tube is at the level of the pylorus. Nasoenteric\n tube is in place, the tip is out of the image but appears to be post-pyloric. \n The endotracheal tube has been removed. A new left central venous access line\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. Minimal loss in\n lung transparency, potentially caused by fluid overload. No evidence of\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1561, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung."} {"question_id": 1562, "question": "Is there a reduced volume of the right hemithorax observed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung."} {"question_id": 1563, "question": "Are the areas of pleural thickening on the right side showing any change in size or morphology?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung."} {"question_id": 1564, "question": "Are the perihilar areas of fibrosis unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung."} {"question_id": 1565, "question": "Are there any pathologic changes in the left lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s59044011/6eaf7963-626eb629-9cbd1f78-ed48ebd0-cba58eee.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The reduced volume of the right hemithorax with areas of lateral\n pleural thickening. The areas of pleural thickening are constant, size and\n morphology. Unchanged perihilar areas of fibrosis. Unchanged size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette, no pathologic changes in the left lung."} {"question_id": 1566, "question": "Is there atelectasis or scarring at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1567, "question": "Have the bilateral pleural effusions near-completely resolved since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1568, "question": "Is there any evidence of cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1569, "question": "Can a mitral valve prosthesis be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1570, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s54882267/59a459f5-0bd58411-1d739d65-1d7477bf-92d830cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lung base atelectasis or scarring. Near-complete interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Pleural effusions have nearly\n completely resolved since the prior exam. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Left lung base linear opacities are compatible with scarring or\n atelectasis. A mitral valve prosthesis is noted. Sternotomy wires are\n intact. Osseous structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1571, "question": "Does the patient have any evidence of an acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1572, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy and pacemaker placement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1573, "question": "Are there any leads visible terminating in the right atrium and ventricle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1574, "question": "Is there an aortic valve prosthesis present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1575, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax observed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51392471/c02bdcc0-549bf4f3-5f78b267-f547a2ea-ad315318.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy as well as pacemaker\n placement with leads terminating in right atrium and ventricle. There is also\n a aortic valve prosthesis. The heart size remains normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for an infectious process. No pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1576, "question": "Does the patient show signs of pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1577, "question": "Are the central pulmonary vasculature engorged on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1578, "question": "Are the pulmonary vascular markings peripherally indistinct?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1579, "question": "Is there a large confluent consolidation present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1580, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette size increased compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No. (It is described as \"enlarged but stable,\" indicating no change in size since the last exam.)", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50036264/fcbd8e6c-3d25351e-a80195ec-58b15ef8-9c07f9a2.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. There is engorgement of the central pulmonary\n vasculature with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen peripherally. \n There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 1581, "question": "Has the size of the right-sided pleural effusion increased since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1582, "question": "Is there a pleural catheter in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1583, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1584, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1585, "question": "Are the osseous and soft tissue structures of the chest normal on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s59633653/f0983c7e-5edaaa34-04885b30-b260a522-2451e5cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in size of right-sided pleural effusion with pleural\n catheter in place. Expected associated right base atelectasis with\n possibility of infection not excluded. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right chest wall port is again seen with catheter tip in\n the lower SVC. Right-sided pleural catheter is seen which appears to course\n in the fissure. Significant amount of right-sided pleural effusion has\n slightly increased since prior with fluid also seen within the major fissure. \n No pneumothorax seen. There is underlying parenchymal opacity as well,\n potentially atelectasis; however, infiltrate is also possible. Left lung is\n grossly clear. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1586, "question": "Is the right PICC line visible up to the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg", "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 1587, "question": "Are the pacemaker leads obscuring the PICC line tip?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg", "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 1588, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg", "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 1589, "question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiac size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg", "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 1590, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumonia or pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s51946836/3084f617-e040a88c-2e4bb84f-d190e19b-fc86d543.jpg", "report": "impression: Right PICC line can be traced to the mid SVC, beyond that the line is obscured\n by overlying pacer leads. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker with leads overlying the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Right PICC line terminates at least at the mid SVC and the tip is\n obscured by overlying pacer leads. There is no pneumothorax. Top normal\n cardiac size. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 1591, "question": "Has the increased opacification at the left base shown improvement since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 1592, "question": "Is the opacification previously noted at the right base still easily noticeable?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 1593, "question": "Are the lungs substantially hyperexpanded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 1594, "question": "Is there a predominance of emphysema in the upper lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 1595, "question": "Has there been a significant change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s56673612/ab104077-b39a8fcb-8c1d8fd5-5a8badb0-be5353a1.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the increased opacification at\n the left base has substantially cleared. The suspected area of opacification\n at the right base laterally is barely perceptible at this time. Substantial\n hyperexpansion of the lungs with upper lobe predominant emphysema is again\n noted and there is little change in the appearance of the cardiomediastinal\n silhouette."} {"question_id": 1596, "question": "Does the patient have acute cardiopulmonary disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta."} {"question_id": 1597, "question": "Is there evidence of stable cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta."} {"question_id": 1598, "question": "Are there any findings suggestive of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta."} {"question_id": 1599, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta."} {"question_id": 1600, "question": "Are there calcifications in the right coronary artery and aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58306324/7b764993-32d1c941-d0ddfd50-1022cf30-82cdcfc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable\n thoracic compression fractures. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are unchanged since ___. \n Dense calcifications are noted within the right coronary artery as well as the\n aorta."} {"question_id": 1601, "question": "Does the patient have stable diffuse increased interstitial markings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 1602, "question": "Is there an interval increase in opacification in the retrocardiac region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 1603, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 1604, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 1605, "question": "Is the aorta described as tortuous on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59962443/93e655d4-f85397d7-f5a5bd25-3ff6da79-c4342fc6.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable diffuse increased interstitial markings with an interval increase in\n opacification in the retrocardiac region, best seen on the lateral view, which\n could be secondary to overlap of structures, however an acute infectious\n process is not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with intact sternotomy wires. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours appear to be stable with evidence of a tortuous\n aorta. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There appears to be a subtle increase in opacification in the\n retrocardiac region, superimposed on a stable mild background of interstitial\n abnormality, best seen on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 1606, "question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen."} {"question_id": 1607, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen."} {"question_id": 1608, "question": "Are there calcifications present in the aortic knob?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen."} {"question_id": 1609, "question": "Is there a possibility of infection in the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen."} {"question_id": 1610, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s53537165/806524e4-d5ed7e9b-1ac2dada-ba9c4a48-68216237.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite evidence for congestive heart failure. Patchy\n streaky opacity in the right lung base likely reflects atelectasis though\n infection is difficult to exclude. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged compared to\n the prior study. Aortic knob calcifications are again noted. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable. Previously noted pattern of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially resolved. Streaky opacity in the right\n lung base likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen."} {"question_id": 1611, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1612, "question": "Has the right hemidiaphragm elevation been reported as acute?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1613, "question": "Is there evidence of right basilar atelectasis on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1614, "question": "Are there any left-sided pleural effusions or pneumothorax identified?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1615, "question": "Can old left-sided rib fractures be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s58706366/e25c21c7-070fdd75-c67d52b8-9e091b7c-6c560ed4.jpg", "report": "impression: Relatively unchanged exam with continued small right pleural effusion, chronic\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and right basilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is a small right\n pleural effusion with chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged\n compared to the previous exam. Right basilar atelectasis is again\n demonstrated. No left-sided pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There are multiple old left-sided rib fractures. Multilevel degenerative\n changes are visualized in the thoracic spine. Chronic left AC joint\n dislocation is re- demonstrated."} {"question_id": 1616, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1617, "question": "Is the Port-A-Cath still in the correct position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1618, "question": "Are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar atelectasis present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1619, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1620, "question": "Is there overt pulmonary edema observed in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s57332361/11bf7fcd-96d58d34-49415fcc-c20c2b7d-1f340544.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is\n again seen without significant change in position, terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. Again, there are low lung volumes and minimal bibasilar\n atelectasis. Ovoid calcification projecting over the left mediastinum is\n again seen. Subcentimeter left lower lung rounded calcification is stable and\n may represent a calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is no overt pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 1621, "question": "Are there persistent bilateral pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified."} {"question_id": 1622, "question": "Is there evidence of marked cardiomegaly on the imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified."} {"question_id": 1623, "question": "Can mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified."} {"question_id": 1624, "question": "Is there any indication of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified."} {"question_id": 1625, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12847817/s53469163/b0663db1-ba5dbce0-63cb3bda-a52f0def-7e5435d9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral pleural effusions. \n \n 2. Marked cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n There are persistent bilateral small to moderate pleural effusions. There is\n marked cardiomegaly with mild to moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Suture line in the right lower\n lobe and left-sided vascular stent are unchanged. No bony abnormality is\n identified."} {"question_id": 1626, "question": "Has the endotracheal tube been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg", "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable."} {"question_id": 1627, "question": "Is the left internal jugular catheter in the correct position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg", "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable."} {"question_id": 1628, "question": "Are the lungs hyperexpanded?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg", "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable."} {"question_id": 1629, "question": "Is there any new consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg", "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable."} {"question_id": 1630, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax visible?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s50844481/608b0d80-17eff322-aea174f9-714f31a8-41683ee7.jpg", "report": "An endotracheal tube and right internal jugular\n central venous catheter have been removed. A left internal jugular catheter\n follows a normal course terminating at the confluence of the left\n brachiocephalic and SVC. Surgical clips and mediastinal drains are noted in\n situ.\n \n Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no new consolidation. Right mid lung\n triangular opacity persists and probably represents fissural fluid. Subtle\n right basilar opacity is similar to the prior exam, probably fluid. Left\n effusion and atelectasis have improved. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable."} {"question_id": 1631, "question": "Does the right internal jugular catheter end near the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg", "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior."} {"question_id": 1632, "question": "Is the NG tube positioned in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg", "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior."} {"question_id": 1633, "question": "Are the last side ports of the NG tube below the GE junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg", "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior."} {"question_id": 1634, "question": "Are there any new lung findings compared to the study done two hours prior?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg", "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior."} {"question_id": 1635, "question": "Does the chest X-ray include more than one view?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s51031461/20106d63-2c479e81-0d61595c-25ef9723-cba07432.jpg", "report": "ONE PORTABLE SUPINE AP VIEW OF THE CHEST. Right internal jugular\n catheter ends near the cavoatrial junction. NG tube is seen in the stomach\n with last side port below the GE junction. The lung findings are unchanged\n compared to study done two hours prior."} {"question_id": 1636, "question": "Has there been any significant interval change since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device."} {"question_id": 1637, "question": "Is there a left basilar opacity that could be attributed to a combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and possible consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device."} {"question_id": 1638, "question": "Is the right lung clear of any significant disease or opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device."} {"question_id": 1639, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device."} {"question_id": 1640, "question": "Does the patient have an enlarged cardiac silhouette with a prosthetic device?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52697942/928a3662-7a9bc2d9-1808833b-79fd5d7b-76aabf9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since ___ noting left basilar\n opacity due to combination of pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis and\n possible consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Compared to prior, there has been no significant interval\n change. Dense retrocardiac opacity is again seen silhouetting of the\n hemidiaphragm. The right lung remains grossly clear. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion is unchanged. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, but stable and\n notable for a prosthetic device."} {"question_id": 1641, "question": "Is there a moderate left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1642, "question": "Is there atelectasis overlying the area of the left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1643, "question": "Can underlying consolidation on the left be excluded?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1644, "question": "Is there evidence of similar pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1645, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s59828891/ac8313a2-9e5439a8-e287d978-72c66b71-8d91da34.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. Left-sided pacer device is grossly\n stable in position. There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis, left base consolidation is not excluded. Similar pulmonary edema\n persists, possibly asymmetric on the left. No right pleural effusion is seen.\n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1646, "question": "Are there bilateral upper lung opacities present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal."} {"question_id": 1647, "question": "Is there an indication of local fibrosis in the upper lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal."} {"question_id": 1648, "question": "Has there been any progression of the disease since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal."} {"question_id": 1649, "question": "Is there any evidence of hilar adenopathy, focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal."} {"question_id": 1650, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s59631450/5b73306f-64ed83f7-dc6e0957-f8d1a9b2-bdd393f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable bilateral upper lung opacities, most likely local\n fibrosis. No evidence of disease progression. Findings: Again seen are stable bilateral linear opacities in the upper lungs\n with suggestion of local fibrosis. There is no evidence of fibrosis in other\n lung zones or progression of disease. There is no hilar adenopathy, focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No newly appeared\n micronodules. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal."} {"question_id": 1651, "question": "Is there a catheter on the right side with its tip at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1652, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube tip appropriately positioned above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1653, "question": "Has there been any change in the position of the tubes since the prior study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1654, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1655, "question": "Are there signs of overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s59196954/e3ba16c1-e0005eef-0c0e37cd-1ad23c91-beac16e8.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed at 4:35 a.m. on\n ___.\n \n There is a right-sided catheter with the distal lead tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. There is a left IJ central venous line with the distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is 4.5 cm above the carina. The\n feeding tube whose distal tip is below the GE junction. These tubes are all\n unchanged in position. There is stable cardiomegaly. There is mild improved\n aeration at the lung bases. There remain bilateral pleural effusions. There\n are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1656, "question": "Are there diffuse increased interstitial markings on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1657, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1658, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1659, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1660, "question": "Can sternotomy wires and mediastinal surgical clips be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s59610928/b5d3da06-fd20e016-8b1924e1-3ff9ceed-fb365036.jpg", "report": "impression: Diffuse increased interstitial markings are compatible with\n minimal interstitial edema. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings bilaterally not\n significantly changed from ___, but no focal opacities. Heart size is\n top normal. The aorta is tortuous. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires as well as mediastinal surgical clips from\n prior CABG are re-demonstrated and unchanged in position."} {"question_id": 1661, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1662, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1663, "question": "Are more focal opacities suggesting atelectasis or potential infection observed in the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1664, "question": "Is the heart size observed to be moderately enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1665, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s59219088/1fba2de2-36345a9e-ea2ef064-76c702c3-b80e6127.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. More focal opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis,\n though infection in these regions cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous but stable. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion with perihilar haziness. More focal\n opacities in the lung bases may reflect atelectasis, though infection in these\n regions cannot be completely excluded. Small left pleural effusion appears\n similar compared to the prior study. No pneumothorax is identified. Mild\n loss of height anteriorly of an upper lumbar vertebral body is unchanged."} {"question_id": 1666, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion resolved since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 1667, "question": "Does the patient have a history of right upper chest wall resection and right upper lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 1668, "question": "Is there any evidence of a current pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 1669, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 1670, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56749558/f6a45850-afbc320a-ab118fd9-85e788d6-d88d5060.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of right pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post right upper chest wall resection, right upper lobectomy with\n right apical scarring and upward traction of the right hilum from radiation\n fibrosis, all unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n left lung is clear. Heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 1671, "question": "Is bibasilar atelectasis present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1672, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1673, "question": "Is a Port-A-Cath visible in the right chest wall in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1674, "question": "Is there a calcified structure projecting over the mediastinum on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1675, "question": "Are there any signs of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s59735304/1a0662d4-8bee75af-c5c452a9-4b43c737-b74d27c1.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again\n noted with catheter tip extending to the upper SVC region. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There is a calcified ovoid structure projecting over\n the mediastinum likely a calcified lymph node. There is mild basilar\n atelectasis noted bilaterally. No focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1676, "question": "Has there been any significant interval change since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable."} {"question_id": 1677, "question": "Is there a stable diffuse increase in interstitial markings indicative of chronic lung disease? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable."} {"question_id": 1678, "question": "Are there any new focal consolidations present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable."} {"question_id": 1679, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable."} {"question_id": 1680, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes grossly stable compared to previous images? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s56055109/f7995b00-70025839-1b735979-92983f8a-5fb639f8.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Stable diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings consistent with chronic lung disease. Findings: There still diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally consistent\n with chronic interstitial lung disease. No new focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable."} {"question_id": 1681, "question": "Has there been an improvement in the pneumonia since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1682, "question": "Are small foci of remnant pneumonia still visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1683, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1684, "question": "Are there any signs of lymphadenopathy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1685, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of normal size and shape?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s59521539/49d3507c-e1c8d85f-5d7f8127-2f2e14f5-a84a6a13.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph from ___,\n there is substantial improvement of the pre-existing pneumonia. On the\n current image, small foci of remnant pneumonia are seen in the pericardiac\n areas of the lingula, and on the lateral image, in the middle lobe. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pleural effusion or lymphadenopathy. \n Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. There is no hilar or mediastinal\n abnormality. Normal size and shape of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1686, "question": "Does the patient have a new area of consolidation in the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg", "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident."} {"question_id": 1687, "question": "Is the new area of consolidation in the left lower lobe concerning for pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg", "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident."} {"question_id": 1688, "question": "Is there a nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg", "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident."} {"question_id": 1689, "question": "Is severe upper lobe predominant emphysema present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg", "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident."} {"question_id": 1690, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052935/s50457087/f3686ece-bb54acba-7f3b1ce4-b9166b5f-cd9b52c2.jpg", "report": "A new area of consolidation has developed in the left lower lobe,\n and is concerning for developing pneumonia considering the clinical suspicion\n for this entity. Additional nonspecific patchy opacity at the periphery of\n the right lung base could reflect focal atelectasis, or an additional site of\n infection. Severe upper lobe predominant emphysema is again demonstrated. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n evident."} {"question_id": 1691, "question": "Have the monitoring and support devices been removed since the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels."} {"question_id": 1692, "question": "Are the lung volumes still low? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels."} {"question_id": 1693, "question": "Is there any definite evidence of pneumonia present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels."} {"question_id": 1694, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion noted on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels."} {"question_id": 1695, "question": "Does the poor definition of the right heart border suggest potential crowding of vessels? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s51326934/af1457be-7507046a-550303e6-7079a0d3-56b7ab55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. Continued low lung volumes but no definite\n evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or vascular congestion.\n \n As on the prior study, there is some poor definition of the right heart border\n that could well represent crowding of vessels."} {"question_id": 1696, "question": "Does the patient have a triple lead pacing device present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 1697, "question": "Is there evidence of a mitral valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 1698, "question": "Are prominent interstitial markings present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 1699, "question": "Is there any overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 1700, "question": "Is there an acute osseous abnormality visible?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s58191597/73f1035a-9d57466e-92c2b0b1-5ee3d31c-78ad1ad4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings is compatible with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Triple lead pacing device along the right\n chest wall is again noted with leads in unchanged position. Mitral valvular\n replacement again noted. Prominence of the interstitial markings are again\n seen without evidence of focal consolidation or overt pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion noting persistent probable fluid within the major\n fissure on the lateral. Degree of cardiomegaly has not changed. No acute\n osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 1701, "question": "Does the patient have stable chronic cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness."} {"question_id": 1702, "question": "Is there an improvement in the left pleural effusion compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness."} {"question_id": 1703, "question": "Are there sternotomy wires and mediastinal surgical clips present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness."} {"question_id": 1704, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness."} {"question_id": 1705, "question": "Is there any indication of displaced rib fractures on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s50282926/ede252ee-83066d8a-376961c0-b07de3b1-0dfeb1e0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic cardiomegaly. Mild improvement in the chronic\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with moderate\n cardiomegaly. Multiple intact sternotomy wires, mediastinal surgical clips,\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. There is minimal improvement in a\n chronic moderate-sized left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. Faint\n opacity right base laterally appears to represent residua from ___ xray. \n Bibasal opacities, left greater than right, likely represents atelectasis. \n Ppossible background chronic lung disease. Faint opacity over left upper\n quadrant of abdomen may represent residual contrast in te stomach. No free air\n seen beneath the diaphragm.\n \n No obvious displaced rib fractures are seen. If there is a high clinical\n concern for a nondisplaced rib fracture, dedicated rib series scan be\n performed with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness."} {"question_id": 1706, "question": "Has there been any change since the previous study in terms of acute cardiopulmonary disease? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 1707, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 1708, "question": "Is there any evidence of vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 1709, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 1710, "question": "Are there surgical clips visible in the upper abdomen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s51762961/550025f0-fb28013b-e174e563-a9c2dc35-c3f0b4d0.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. The lungs are clear and there is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is dilatation of the trachea consistent with the patient's\n known tracheomalacia. The esophageal capsule is no longer present and there\n are surgical clips in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 1711, "question": "Is there a moderate left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted."} {"question_id": 1712, "question": "Is there any right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted."} {"question_id": 1713, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted."} {"question_id": 1714, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema worsened since the most recent prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted."} {"question_id": 1715, "question": "Has the right peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) been removed since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s55034480/d169abca-f4a7073b-db2b836e-295d8b8e-3c68c604.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion with moderate pulmonary edema, worsened\n compared to the most recent prior study.\n 2. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly. There is a moderate left pleural\n effusion with no right pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is seen, worse compared to the most recent prior study but\n similar compared to the study from ___. There has been interval\n removal of the right PICC. Left axillary pacemaker is again noted."} {"question_id": 1716, "question": "Has there been improvement in the multifocal infiltrates? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg", "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 1717, "question": "Are there persistent densities in the right middle lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg", "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 1718, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg", "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 1719, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg", "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 1720, "question": "Are there any new infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s57219522/c190fb7d-da5b3a51-5f074369-736f62a6-589d6474.jpg", "report": "impression: Improvement of multifocal infiltrates but persistent densities in\n right middle lobe and peripheral lingula. Further followup examination must\n be guided by patient's symptomatology. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of\n ___. The heart size remains unchanged and is within normal limits. \n Unremarkable position of previously described left-sided PICC line terminating\n in mid portion of SVC. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested and no\n pneumothorax can be identified. On previous examinations remaining multifocal\n density have generally improved. In particular, a lesion identified on the\n last examination overlying the right upper lobe area laterally (third right\n intercostal space) has cleared up almost completely. Densities located in the\n right middle lobe as well as those seen in the left upper lobe lingula\n persist, but have also undergone a slight improvement. Again, no pneumothorax\n has developed, no new infiltrates are seen and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses remain free from any pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 1721, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact."} {"question_id": 1722, "question": "Are there large pleural effusions present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact."} {"question_id": 1723, "question": "Is there evidence of mild ground-glass opacity in both lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact."} {"question_id": 1724, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact."} {"question_id": 1725, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54733030/d240a096-eb1996ea-8a08a168-367aa57b-96adf6ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, likely with trace pleural effusions. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph is obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is mild ground-glass opacity involving both lungs concerning for\n pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions are seen, though trace effusions\n are likely present. Heart size appears top normal. No pneumothorax. Bones\n appear intact."} {"question_id": 1726, "question": "Are the pulmonary vascular markings on the X-ray image clear and distinct?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1727, "question": "Is there evidence of subsegmental atelectasis on the X-ray, particularly on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1728, "question": "Is there any definite confluent consolidation present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1729, "question": "Is a small left pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1730, "question": "Does the patient have a prosthetic valve as indicated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/bf010702-69e984da-d0e9d988-cb6dbed8-1f759220.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1731, "question": "Are both the frontal and lateral views of the chest clear of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 1732, "question": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion in the views provided?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 1733, "question": "Is there any indication of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 1734, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette considered to be enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 1735, "question": "Can hypertrophic changes be seen in the spine on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17318449/s55782701/c33529b6-0bc71076-a10b08f6-ef0692d4-2c28d98f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation or large effusion, noting that the right costophrenic\n angle is excluded from the field of view on the lateral view. No overt\n pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. Median\n sternotomy wires are again noted. Hypertrophic changes seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 1736, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware."} {"question_id": 1737, "question": "Is there evidence of bullous emphysema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware."} {"question_id": 1738, "question": "Is the heart size normal or enlarged?\n", "answer": "Borderline enlarged.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware."} {"question_id": 1739, "question": "Are there any signs of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware."} {"question_id": 1740, "question": "Can cervical spinal fusion hardware be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s54742755/1b02ffa5-a6da06e3-9063b9ef-5e540245-c18323b5.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Bullous emphysema. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Hyperinflation of the\n lungs with bullous emphysematous changes are again noted in the upper lobes.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided rib cage\n deformities are chronic. Partially visualized is cervical spinal fusion\n hardware."} {"question_id": 1741, "question": "Have the pre-existing opacities at the right lung base improved compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas."} {"question_id": 1742, "question": "Is there any change observed at the left lung base compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas."} {"question_id": 1743, "question": "Are the signs indicative of pulmonary edema still present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas."} {"question_id": 1744, "question": "Have the signs of pulmonary edema increased in severity?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas."} {"question_id": 1745, "question": "Are there unchanged moderate cardiomegaly and left calcified lung granulomas present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s53053450/9911ed32-2bf726d7-dfcdceb1-dc248f4e-b62bb269.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacities\n at the right lung base have improved. The left lung base is unchanged. \n Overall, the signs indicative of pulmonary edema have slightly decreased in\n severity but they are still clearly present. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly\n and left calcified lung granulomas."} {"question_id": 1746, "question": "Is there any indication of an acute cardiothoracic process on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen."} {"question_id": 1747, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen."} {"question_id": 1748, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila appearance normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen."} {"question_id": 1749, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen."} {"question_id": 1750, "question": "Can a replaced mitral valve be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s56362705/64613c7b-ce9fb911-c2eb42ab-41a905ea-97ce9a9d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. A replaced mitral\n valve is seen."} {"question_id": 1751, "question": "Are there continued areas of increased opacification bilaterally since the last study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1752, "question": "Is the increased opacification likely due to aspiration and volume loss? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1753, "question": "Does the X-ray suggest the presence of overhydration or worsening cardiac function? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1754, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices in the same position as in the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1755, "question": "Is the right PICC line positioned at the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s58147681/8d361e7d-f4f46fc7-956ef2b6-bc506025-0df660c3.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally consistent with some combination of\n aspiration and volume loss. Increasing prominence of pulmonary vessels is\n consistent with overhydration or worsening cardiac function. Monitoring and\n support devices are in unchanged position, with the right PICC line again at\n the cavoatrial junction or in the right atrium."} {"question_id": 1756, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region."} {"question_id": 1757, "question": "Is the dual-lumen left subclavian line in a stable position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region."} {"question_id": 1758, "question": "Are the lungs clear of consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region."} {"question_id": 1759, "question": "Is there a right-sided pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region."} {"question_id": 1760, "question": "Are there surgical clips present over the thoracic inlet?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55564287/91db5745-87b0042c-4728fa53-e5352d85-501dae1c.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Dual-lumen left subclavian line is in stable position.\n The lungs are clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle again seen. There is no right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Surgical clips project over the\n thoracic inlet bilaterally.\n \n Osseous structures again notable for bilateral, old posterior healed rib\n fractures and mild wedging of mid thoracic vertebral bodies, unchanged since\n ___. Degenerative changes again seen at the shoulders bilaterally\n including calcification in the region of the right coracoclavicular region."} {"question_id": 1761, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary abnormality?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1762, "question": "Is there a cardiac conduction device present within the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1763, "question": "Does the lead from the cardiac conduction device terminate in the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1764, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1765, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18893199/s50170739/bb42be73-33be1577-a742e6e6-9c47b56b-95a9659e.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A cardiac conduction device is contiguous with a lead which terminates in the\n right atrium. There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1766, "question": "Are the lung volumes within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg", "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum."} {"question_id": 1767, "question": "Is there evidence of mild bilateral apical scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg", "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum."} {"question_id": 1768, "question": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear to be of borderline size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg", "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum."} {"question_id": 1769, "question": "Is there any indication of overt pneumonia present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg", "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum."} {"question_id": 1770, "question": "Is there a small basal lung nodule over the right costophrenic sinus that is unchanged from previous examinations?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56573421/35ba5821-6f988e43-c7ce7779-9947c2dc-064358ad.jpg", "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Mild bilateral apical scarring. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No overt\n pneumonia. Small basal lung nodule projecting over the right costophrenic\n sinus, unchanged as compared to the previous examination.\n \n No inflammatory or edematous change in the lung parenchyma.\n \n Normal appearance of the mediastinum."} {"question_id": 1771, "question": "Are the bilateral areas of atelectasis at the lung bases still present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1772, "question": "Is the minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base a new finding?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1773, "question": "Has the right internal jugular vein catheter position changed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1774, "question": "Is there any sign of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1775, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax in the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51478052/f9a786b3-b5473ac8-3f0d1596-bc19198f-2a6ccc1c.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral areas of\n atelectasis at the lung bases, left more than right, are present in unchanged\n manner. Minimal postoperative opacity at the left lung base that should\n receive attention on further followups. The right internal jugular vein\n catheter is unchanged. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1776, "question": "Has there been a significant change in the chest X-ray compared to the previous study one day earlier?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg", "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes."} {"question_id": 1777, "question": "Are there widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg", "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes."} {"question_id": 1778, "question": "Is the right lung more affected by consolidation than the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg", "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes."} {"question_id": 1779, "question": "Has there been any improvement in the right lung base since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg", "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes."} {"question_id": 1780, "question": "Apart from the slight worsening in the right lung base, are there other new changes noted in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s50620952/dca8209b-bd3fa52c-e5ca606b-9a0cfd8f-006336b3.jpg", "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has\n been little change in the appearance of the chest since the recent study of\n one day earlier. Widespread heterogeneous areas of consolidation continue to\n affect the right lung more than the left. There has been slight worsening in\n the right lung base with otherwise no relevant changes."} {"question_id": 1781, "question": "Is there an endotracheal tube present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1782, "question": "Is the left-sided IJ line's distal tip located in the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1783, "question": "Can a persistent left retrocardiac opacity be observed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1784, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1785, "question": "Are pneumothoraces present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s54934220/2d0d0dd1-758ad05c-5f33e8fa-08a1e0dc-63d862be.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose distal tip is 6.2 cm above the carina\n appropriately sited. There is a left-sided IJ line with distal lead tip in\n the mid SVC. There is a nasogastric tube whose tip and sideport are below the\n GE junction.\n \n There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base. There is improved aeration at the right lung base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen."} {"question_id": 1786, "question": "Are there parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD."} {"question_id": 1787, "question": "Are there opacities in the region of the lingula?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD."} {"question_id": 1788, "question": "Is there a dual-chamber pacer present in the left upper chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD."} {"question_id": 1789, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD."} {"question_id": 1790, "question": "Do the findings suggest the presence of COPD?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13762730/s58807210/49177e16-0383da48-c2a81ed9-77e7a7c0-bbe8c9cb.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Findings: There are parenchymal opacities in the right middle lobe. There\n are also ___-___ opacities in the region of the lingula. Dual-chamber\n pacer in the left upper chest terminates in the right atrium and ventricle,\n stable. Mild cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperexpansion and flattened hemidiphragms\n suggest COPD."} {"question_id": 1791, "question": "Are there chest tubes present in the right side of the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases."} {"question_id": 1792, "question": "Are the chest tubes in the same position as in the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases."} {"question_id": 1793, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases."} {"question_id": 1794, "question": "Is the right hemidiaphragm elevated on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases."} {"question_id": 1795, "question": "Is there any indication of overt pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s55492069/40b2ad97-b8cd3c49-7a1658b6-79be29bb-676d3481.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are two right-sided chest tubes with distal tips at the apex and at the\n base. These are unchanged in position. No pneumothoraces are seen on either\n side. There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and volume loss on the\n right side. No signs for overt pulmonary edema is seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the lung bases."} {"question_id": 1796, "question": "Is there an opacity in the right lower lobe that raises concern for pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged."} {"question_id": 1797, "question": "Is a pulmonary nodule definitively identified in the right lower lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged."} {"question_id": 1798, "question": "Is there a left suprahilar opacity that could indicate a second site of infection or volume overload?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged."} {"question_id": 1799, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary vascular engorgement on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged."} {"question_id": 1800, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s59698565/615687f6-9c68c0c3-ea00fb31-0987abc8-6d4be9c7.jpg", "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and left infrahilar opacities, right greater\n than left, in the appropriate clinical setting, raises concern for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible 0.9 cm nodular opacity along the\n superior aspect of the right lower lung opacity, could relate to\n consolidation, but pulmonary nodule not excluded. Recommend followup chest\n radiographs after appropriate therapy and if finding remains, chest CT.\n \n Left suprahilar opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate\n to mild volume overload.\n \n Pulmonary vascular engorgement. Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Right lower\n lobe opacity is worrisome for consolidation, possibly due to pneumonia. \n Along the superior aspect of the right lower lung consolidation, there is a\n 0.9-cm nodular opacity, projecting between the posterior right sixth and\n seventh ribs, which could relate to consolidation or an underlying pulmonary\n nodule is not excluded. Recommend followup chest radiograph after appropriate\n therapy and if finding remains, chest CT. There is also a left suprahilar\n opacity, which could be a second site of infection or relate to mild volume\n overload. There is central pulmonary vascular engorgement. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Single-lead left-sided pacemaker is seen\n with leads in the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged."} {"question_id": 1801, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position."} {"question_id": 1802, "question": "Are there widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position."} {"question_id": 1803, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position."} {"question_id": 1804, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position."} {"question_id": 1805, "question": "Is there any indication of isolated unilateral lung opacity?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13078497/s55557117/8a429357-0b188f6b-54307015-8a57c7cd-31b1ed38.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Widespread bilateral parenchymal opacities, combined to an enlarged\n cardiac silhouette. The monitoring and support devices are in constant\n position."} {"question_id": 1806, "question": "Has the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe cleared since the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1807, "question": "Is there any evidence of current pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1808, "question": "Are there any other parenchymal changes noted?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1809, "question": "Is the size of the cardiac silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1810, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or hilar or mediastinal abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17396677/s55939586/ab649acd-239dc728-c8404656-da6cbf96-fb31a0b6.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is complete clearing\n of the pre-existing opacity in the right lower lobe. No evidence of current\n pneumonia. No other parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. No pleural effusion. No hilar or mediastinal abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1811, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear."} {"question_id": 1812, "question": "Is the left retrocardiac opacity potentially due to a combination of effusion and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear."} {"question_id": 1813, "question": "Can underlying consolidation be excluded as a cause of the left retrocardiac opacity?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear."} {"question_id": 1814, "question": "Is there a left perihilar opacity that is consistent with a known mass and scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear."} {"question_id": 1815, "question": "Is the right lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18067737/s58056585/ce6c73a2-bfbdbdf8-f7f014a2-bfffc5e3-232d2d80.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion which appears increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n 2. Left perihilar opacity consistent with known mass and parenchymal\n scarring. Grossly stable appearance of the left perihilar region. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. Left perihilar opacity is\n again seen, grossly similar in appearance, consistent with known mass and\n parenchymal scarring. There is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle which appears slightly increased since the prior study. Left\n retrocardiac opacity may relate to combination of effusion and atelectasis,\n however underlying consolidation cannot be excluded.\n The right lung is clear."} {"question_id": 1816, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased in size since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged."} {"question_id": 1817, "question": "Is the left lung free of any effusions or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged."} {"question_id": 1818, "question": "Is there a Port-A-Cath present on the right side with its tip in the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged."} {"question_id": 1819, "question": "Has there been any change in the size of the heart since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged."} {"question_id": 1820, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s57361130/92e316b6-8facf11c-bce58686-26309d9a-afc8bed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Significant progression of a large right pleural effusion. \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: A right pleural effusion has increased since ___ and is now\n large. The left lung is clear. No left effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n A right-sided Port-A-Cath tip remains in the mid SVC. Cardiomegaly is\n unchanged."} {"question_id": 1821, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased since the prior radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate."} {"question_id": 1822, "question": "Is the cardiomegaly considered stable according to the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate."} {"question_id": 1823, "question": "Is the left suprahilar opacity likely due to postsurgical scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate."} {"question_id": 1824, "question": "Is the heart size on the current radiograph considered enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate."} {"question_id": 1825, "question": "Are the chronic coarsened interstitial markings suggestive of acute pathology?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s57086484/f9af4910-694f5e1f-75e4a512-0bd1c6dc-e4616d88.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased right pleural effusion since the prior radiographs.\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly, stable.\n 3. Left suprahilar opacity is attributed to postsurgical scarring and a\n previously seen consolidation, however is less well evaluated on the current\n radiograph. Frontal and lateral projections can be obtained for further\n evaluation as needed. Findings: Heart size is enlarged but stable. There are chronic coarsened interstitial\n markings. The opacity in the left suprahilar region is partially attributed\n to postsurgical scarring as well as the previously seen consolidation, however\n is not well evaluated on this single frontal projection.\n Right pleural effusion is increased, now small to moderate."} {"question_id": 1826, "question": "Does the patient have known interstitial lung disease (ILD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg", "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1827, "question": "Is there evidence of superimposed pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg", "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1828, "question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg", "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1829, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable compared to previous exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg", "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1830, "question": "Is there an old deformity of the left clavicle visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51820068/10a3cd75-c86d7f2a-f350e7bc-b872fc06-79271f33.jpg", "report": "impression: No superimposed pneumonia in this patient with known ILD. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. As seen on\n multiple prior exams, there is generalized chronic interstitial fibrosis\n manifested by coarsened interstitial markings which is compatible with\n provided clinical history of ILD. There is no superimposed consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. An old left mid shaft clavicle deformity is again noted. No\n acute bony abnormalities."} {"question_id": 1831, "question": "Have any monitoring and support devices changed position since the last study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 1832, "question": "Is there increased aeration in the left upper zone?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 1833, "question": "Does the retrocardiac opacification suggest volume loss in the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 1834, "question": "Are there indications of hazy opacification consistent with pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 1835, "question": "Is there evidence of increased pulmonary venous pressure on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s56483572/c148002c-a0674884-d784b291-762232a4-a10fa5aa.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There may be mild increased aeration in the left\n upper zone. Retrocardiac opacification is consistent with volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. Hazy opacification bilaterally is consistent with pleural\n effusions, and there is some increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 1836, "question": "Are there any acute findings on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1837, "question": "Does the patient require a follow-up chest CT in 3 months?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1838, "question": "Are the lungs clear bilaterally on the lateral views?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1839, "question": "Has the previously detected opacity in the left lower lung resolved according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes (though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to assess complete resolution).", "image": "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1840, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14213287/s56237499/db368d36-8c00c286-fd73c287-46b788dc-3238c890.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Given findings on CT dated ___, a\n nonemergent 3 month f/u chest CT is appropriate to ensure complete resolution\n and/or stability of nodules per ___ guidelines. Findings: Lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs appear clear\n bilaterally. The previously detected opacity in the left lower lung appears\n to have resolved, though evaluation on a chest radiograph is suboptimal to\n assess complete resolution. Would recommend non-emergent CT of the chest to\n ensure resolution of the previously detected lingular opacity as well as\n multiple additional lung nodules described in detail on prior CT chest.\n Cardiomediastinal sillouhette appears normal. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1841, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 1842, "question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 1843, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 1844, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal in any way?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 1845, "question": "Is there any free air visible below the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/417162c9-a460e98a-56bf6ab3-b6c591a2-86230b6d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 1846, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present."} {"question_id": 1847, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present."} {"question_id": 1848, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present."} {"question_id": 1849, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen in the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present."} {"question_id": 1850, "question": "Is a dual-lead pacemaker visible in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s52169517/a9493b3c-4d63defd-55b09266-3147f2af-e73caba1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. A dual-lead pacemaker is present."} {"question_id": 1851, "question": "Does the patient have findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 1852, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 1853, "question": "Is there a band-like opacity projecting over the left mid lung that could indicate atelectasis or scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 1854, "question": "Is there clear evidence of focal opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 1855, "question": "Are there suspected calcified pleural plaques present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/555d2282-7ca48bd5-2e68791a-778b0044-8fa2ce6f.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 1856, "question": "Is the Dobbhoff tube positioned post-pylorically?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg", "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air."} {"question_id": 1857, "question": "Has the Dobbhoff tube been advanced distally from its position on a prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg", "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air."} {"question_id": 1858, "question": "Is the tip of the Dobbhoff tube terminating in the region of the second portion of the duodenum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg", "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air."} {"question_id": 1859, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg", "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air."} {"question_id": 1860, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s51096107/5142f79d-ca2bee0e-d70061cd-e31c5917-98f78f0e.jpg", "report": "impression: Post-pyloric positioning of the Dobbhoff tube in the region of\n the second portion of the duodenum. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube has been advanced distally from its position on\n prior abdominal radiograph. The tip of the Dobhoff tube terminates in the\n region of the second portion of the duodenum. \n \n The heart remains mildly enlarged with bilateral hilar opacification. A right\n supraclavicular central venous catheter is noted terminating in the SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is no abdominal free air."} {"question_id": 1861, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1862, "question": "Is there emphysematous destruction of lung parenchyma in both upper lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1863, "question": "Is the emphysematous destruction more pronounced in the right upper lobe than the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1864, "question": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1865, "question": "Is the size of the cardiac silhouette within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Borderline.", "image": "p15/p15186992/s59053386/d17e21ba-cf76b4d5-e90b2776-43be3667-dacf2f6f.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive emphysematous lung parenchymal destruction in both upper\n lobes, right more than left. Subsequent distortion of vascular and airway\n structures at the lung bases.\n \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette."} {"question_id": 1866, "question": "Does the patient show signs of pulmonary vascular engorgement? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1867, "question": "Is there an increase in vascular congestion compared to the prior study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1868, "question": "Are there any new focal consolidations observed? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1869, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1870, "question": "Has there been any change in the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes since the last study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s50165831/2a166b16-c5106df5-cf2e822c-23c915b4-983161ad.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent prominence of the hila suggesting pulmonary vascular\n engorgement/enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries, similar to prior,\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to prior study. Findings: There is persistent prominence of the hila suggesting vascular engorgement\n with possible mild increase in vascular congestion as compared to the prior\n study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1871, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 1872, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 1873, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 1874, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 1875, "question": "Are there degenerative changes visible in the thoracic spine on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52019812/c1ca2269-888c6d31-99903c19-c02256b7-390f38a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs are provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Surgical\n clips are seen along the left heart border. There are degenerative changes\n throughout the thoracic spine and at the right acromioclavicular joint."} {"question_id": 1876, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable."} {"question_id": 1877, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumonia or pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable."} {"question_id": 1878, "question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable."} {"question_id": 1879, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable."} {"question_id": 1880, "question": "Has the pulmonary vascular engorgement changed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14177219/s57001920/0e7807f6-04937b8e-ac237c79-1200da23-76b0b8e3.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild cardiomegaly and stable pulmonary vascular engorgement.\n 2. No pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is mild,\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild\n pulmonary vascular engorgement is stable."} {"question_id": 1881, "question": "Does the patient show radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact."} {"question_id": 1882, "question": "Is there a possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact."} {"question_id": 1883, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact."} {"question_id": 1884, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact."} {"question_id": 1885, "question": "Are there signs of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18487334/s53377112/1d5931ea-ae06916c-5082d79e-ce203e51-6581ddc9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible delayed healing of the right 8th rib fracture. Correlation for\n pain at this location is recommended. Discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by phone at 8:05 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart size is top normal. Pacing leads appear to be similarly positioned\n compared to prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. Multiple prior\n right rib fractures are seen; the 8th rib fracture demonstrates persist linear\n lucency, raising the possibility of incomplete healing. Sternal wires appear\n intact."} {"question_id": 1886, "question": "Are the pulmonary vascular markings on the chest X-ray mildly indistinct?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1887, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show definite confluent consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1888, "question": "Is there evidence of a small left pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1889, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1890, "question": "Are there any fractures identified in the median sternotomy wires on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13606683/s58107496/9aa3498d-70f8a9a5-132f5a2b-bb7c2837-2653ee2d.jpg", "report": "impression: Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggestive of mild\n failure without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exams\n from ___ and ___.\n \n Linear opacities at the left greater than right base are suggestive of\n subsegmental atelectasis. Mildly indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are\n seen suggestive of mild failure; however, there is no definite confluent\n consolidation. Small left pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged but stable. Again seen is a prosthetic valve. Median sternotomy\n wires are again seen with fracture at the inferior most wire. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1891, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg", "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered."} {"question_id": 1892, "question": "Are there probable bilateral effusions present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg", "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered."} {"question_id": 1893, "question": "Is there substantial volume loss in the left lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg", "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered."} {"question_id": 1894, "question": "Should superimposed pneumonia be considered in the appropriate clinical setting? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg", "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered."} {"question_id": 1895, "question": "Does the report indicate any significant change from previous imaging? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15259244/s52488909/2501dbf9-714acd96-ca4fba08-e02967b8-23f99f37.jpg", "report": "There is little overall change. Again there is moderate pulmonary\n edema with probable bilateral effusions and substantial volume loss in the\n left lower lobe. In the appropriate clinical setting, superimposed pneumonia\n would have to be considered."} {"question_id": 1896, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present in the patient's left pectoral region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present."} {"question_id": 1897, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy and aortic valve repair in the past?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present."} {"question_id": 1898, "question": "Are the cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours enlarged compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present."} {"question_id": 1899, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present."} {"question_id": 1900, "question": "Is there evidence of overt pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043637/s54026146/2e3c3f7c-7193e986-db131763-296881f6-9c7d88d7.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged in position with two leads\n terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle as before. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and aortic valve repair with aortic valve\n prosthesis, unchanged in position and intact-appearing sternotomy wires. The\n cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are mildly increased in size in\n comparison to the most recent prior study likely attributable to slightly\n decreased lung volumes compared to the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lung\n bases is likely related to underpenetration of soft tissues on technique. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is present."} {"question_id": 1901, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 1902, "question": "Are there signs of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 1903, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation, effusion, or edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 1904, "question": "Is there a pacing device present on the left chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 1905, "question": "Are median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips visible in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/4a6b6a7c-83ed2cdc-41c74d6e-ed8815a2-84ed02ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 1906, "question": "Is there a known left hilar mass visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1907, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumothorax after the biopsy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1908, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1909, "question": "Are the cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours appearing normal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1910, "question": "Was the chest X-ray taken in an upright position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s56218099/20d18a78-8f7cd753-628b5cf4-7d43c522-c3e8f53e.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post biopsy of known left hilar mass. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates a known left hilar\n mass. There is no effusion, or definite pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette\n and mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable."} {"question_id": 1911, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum."} {"question_id": 1912, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum."} {"question_id": 1913, "question": "Is there blunting of the bilateral costophrenic angles?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum."} {"question_id": 1914, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum."} {"question_id": 1915, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s50416709/33afaafe-a1605f54-f33616de-424605bf-7c961442.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, pneumothorax, or\n pneumomediastinum. Findings: Lung volumes are mildly decreased. Blunting of the bilateral\n costophrenic angles has not changed since at least ___. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or\n pneumomediastinum."} {"question_id": 1916, "question": "Are both frontal and lateral views of the chest provided in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded."} {"question_id": 1917, "question": "Is there any definite focal consolidation seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded."} {"question_id": 1918, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded."} {"question_id": 1919, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy as evidenced by the presence of fractured sternal wires?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded."} {"question_id": 1920, "question": "Is there a definitive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19499595/s57088454/2a41d909-c858a5fc-da024f8f-a33bd3ff-ed8fe748.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy with multiple fractured sternal\n wires including the third superior most and additional more inferior as also\n seen previously. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. There may be slight\n prominence of the main pulmonary artery, which may be in part related to\n patient positioning, however, underlying pulmonary hypertension is not\n excluded."} {"question_id": 1921, "question": "Does the patient have a pacemaker implanted on the left chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1922, "question": "Are there abandoned pacing leads present in the right chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1923, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1924, "question": "Is there clear evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1925, "question": "Are there any signs of a pneumothax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s50845269/7a1a7ec8-c865adb3-011681d5-d61e27b1-6d31ab75.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study demonstrating moderate cardiomegaly and no overt\n edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Left\n chest wall pacer pack is again seen with leads extending into the right heart.\n Abandoned pacing leads are also noted in the right chest wall extending into\n the right heart. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Lung volumes are\n low, with equivocal ground-glass opacity on the frontal view, which appears\n less conspicuous on the lateral view most likely attributable to\n underpenetrated technique. No gross evidence for pneumonia or pulmonary\n edema. No large effusions are seen. There is no pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact."} {"question_id": 1926, "question": "Has the left basilar opacity worsened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty."} {"question_id": 1927, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis in the left base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty."} {"question_id": 1928, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube tip appropriately positioned?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty."} {"question_id": 1929, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty."} {"question_id": 1930, "question": "Has there been an improvement in the right basilar and perihilar opacities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s58071016/e043f870-1670fd0c-cf68f196-4f351347-4a665c39.jpg", "report": "impression: Worsened left basilar opacity, may represent atelectasis, consider pneumonitis\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly\n improved. Findings: Sternotomy with valve prosthesis. Endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above carina.\n Right IJ central line tip is near cavoatrial junction. Cardiac pacemaker. \n There is worsening of left basilar opacity. Left costophrenic angle is not\n fully seen. No pneumothorax. Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size,\n pulmonary vascularity. Pulmonary vascularity has mildly improved. Improved\n right basilar, perihilar opacities. Right shoulder arthroplasty."} {"question_id": 1931, "question": "Is there evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1932, "question": "Is cardiomegaly present in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1933, "question": "Does the patient have a history of tracheomalacia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1934, "question": "Is the central catheter placed in the correct location?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1935, "question": "Are there any signs of vascular congestion or pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54028344/7794e4cb-719a0b85-18532575-0b5ea119-8eb26b6a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n \n 3. Unchanged proximal tracheal deformity suggestive of underlying\n tracheomalacia. Findings: A large-bore central catheter terminates in\n the expected location of the right atrium, unchanged from prior. The lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n vascular congestion or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged though\n unchanged. Mild indentation of the left trachea at the level of the clavicles\n is unchanged compared to prior chest CT from ___ and likely reflects an\n underlying tracheal deformity as no compressive mass lesion is evident on the\n prior CT."} {"question_id": 1936, "question": "Does the patient exhibit mild interstitial edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study."} {"question_id": 1937, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study."} {"question_id": 1938, "question": "Has there been an interval increase in central pulmonary vessel prominence and interstitial opacities since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study."} {"question_id": 1939, "question": "Is there evidence of increased linear atelectasis at the left base on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study."} {"question_id": 1940, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax or large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19028690/s55086195/7b9c311b-b511e83b-75a5a6cf-d46efb9d-ac034314.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interstial edema. Findings: The patient is slightly rotated. The\n heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. There has been interval increase in central pulmonary vessel\n prominence and interstial opacities, representing mild edema. Increased linear\n atelectasis at the left base is seen. There is no pneumothorax or large\n pleural effusion. No free intrabdominal air is detected on this upright study."} {"question_id": 1941, "question": "Has the moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis improved since the last examination? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 1942, "question": "Does the right PICC line terminate at the correct position in the low SVC (superior vena cava)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 1943, "question": "Is there any evidence of new lung opacities that would indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 1944, "question": "Is the heart size and mediastinal and hilar contours stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 1945, "question": "Has the minimal left pleural effusion changed since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52152296/67653b61-d4cdc144-670c5d2f-1d19f3a2-480d85a1.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent lung atelectasis\n has improved since ___. Findings: Right PICC line ends at low SVC. Moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent lung atelectasis has decreased since ___. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There are no new lung opacities of concern for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 1946, "question": "Do the chest X-ray views show low lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1947, "question": "Is there evidence of bronchovascular crowding on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1948, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion or pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1949, "question": "Are there surgical clips present in the right paramediastinal region on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1950, "question": "Is the cardiac and mediastinal silhouette unchanged from previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s52269494/be142141-0e637201-65d2ff88-43edd072-198d4dc7.jpg", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. There is prominence of the\n hila suggesting pulmonary vascular engorgement with possible mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Left\n infrahilar and left basilar opacity may relate to vascular crowding, although\n infectious process cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. \n There are right paramediastinal surgical clips. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 1951, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium."} {"question_id": 1952, "question": "Are bibasilar opacities present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium."} {"question_id": 1953, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium."} {"question_id": 1954, "question": "Does the patient exhibit moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium."} {"question_id": 1955, "question": "Is a dual-chamber dialysis catheter visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s54050506/cf215d80-de177339-7a58b114-8206a52d-f9b1fc56.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema and moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar opacities\n may represent atelectasis or infection in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were slightly limited due to patient's\n body habitus. Lung volumes are low, which accentuate bronchovascular\n markings. Mild pulmonary edema is unchanged. There is mild thickening of the\n minor fissure. Bibasilar opacities are noted. There is no pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. A dual-chamber dialysis catheter tip projects over proximal right\n atrium."} {"question_id": 1956, "question": "Does the patient have left basilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1957, "question": "Are there any signs of consolidation, edema, or pleural effusions on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1958, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1959, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1960, "question": "Is the colon distended below the left hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17897339/s57667222/13c8c746-5d1d71f5-af021e53-041a96c3-710e3730.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation, edema or pleural\n effusions. Findings: Left basilar opacities likely represent\n subsegmental atelectasis. The lung volumes are low but otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax. No vascular congestion or large pleural effusions\n are evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The colon is distended below the left hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 1961, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube placed correctly with its tip 6 cm above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident."} {"question_id": 1962, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident."} {"question_id": 1963, "question": "Does the increased opacity at the lateral right lung base suggest an infectious process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident."} {"question_id": 1964, "question": "Are there signs of hyperinflation and severe bullous emphysematous changes in the lungs, particularly the upper left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident."} {"question_id": 1965, "question": "Are any pleural effusions visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16751749/s57955448/14047a00-16ef4559-fd349a7f-fc7d9ef5-2667ceaf.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post intubation with tip 6 cm above carina. No\n pneumothorax. Relative opacity at lateral right lung base thought to\n represent scarring versus infectious process on prior study is better\n evaluated on current study and appears to be consistent with scarring,\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates interval placement of\n endotracheal tube with tip 6 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube seen\n coursing into the stomach and out of view. No pneumothorax identified. \n Otherwise, unchanged exam with hyperinflation of lungs and severe bullous\n emphysematous changes identified in the upper lungs, particularly on the left.\n Increased opacity at the lateral right lung base thought to represent scarring\n versus infectious process on prior study is better evaluated on current study\n and appears to be consistent with scarring, unchanged from ___. No\n pleural effusions evident."} {"question_id": 1966, "question": "Has the right internal jugular vein catheter been removed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity."} {"question_id": 1967, "question": "Is the patient still intubated with the endotracheal tube in the same position as before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity."} {"question_id": 1968, "question": "Does the patient have moderate cardiomegaly that has remained unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity."} {"question_id": 1969, "question": "Is there an unchanged mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity."} {"question_id": 1970, "question": "Is there any new focal parenchymal opacity noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s54351633/4f7d591a-e6d9f7a8-05c5e886-421a776a-66a7a9eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously visible\n right internal jugular vein catheter has been removed. The patient is still\n intubated, with an unchanged position of the endotracheal tube, nasogastric\n tube and the right PICC line. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged\n mild-to-moderate right pleural effusion, unchanged mild fluid overload and\n areas of moderate retrocardiac atelectasis. There is no newly occurred focal\n parenchymal opacity."} {"question_id": 1971, "question": "Is the Dobbhoff tube coiled within the stomach as shown on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg", "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube."} {"question_id": 1972, "question": "Does the tip of the Dobbhoff tube terminate within the mid esophagus according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg", "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube."} {"question_id": 1973, "question": "Does the report indicate any changes compared to prior exams?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg", "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube."} {"question_id": 1974, "question": "Were the findings of the chest X-ray discussed with a physician assistant?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg", "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube."} {"question_id": 1975, "question": "Did the final radiograph show the Dobbhoff tube in a well-positioned state?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s52971146/486dfea4-dc27bc78-a4e9effa-c328c0ab-a8c3285e.jpg", "report": "Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates Dobbhoff tube coiled\n within the stomach with tip terminating within the mid esophagus. Exam is\n otherwise unchanged.\n \n ___ discussed these findings (including those of the 2 prior\n radiographs) with ___, PA, at 16:15 on ___ at the time\n of discovery who reports the third and final radiograph demonstrated a\n well-positioned Dobbhoff tube."} {"question_id": 1976, "question": "Does the patient have an endotracheal tube in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1977, "question": "Is the right-sided IJ central venous line appropriately sited?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1978, "question": "Is there a left-sided subclavian catheter present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1979, "question": "Does the patient exhibit signs of cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1980, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothoraces?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s51866834/ae0ca9f1-a6aa65c0-b8754692-be29d5b4-8ce0e6ff.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The endotracheal tube and right-sided IJ central venous line are unchanged in\n position and appropriately sited. There is also a left-sided subclavian\n catheter with distal lead tip in the proximal SVC. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions and a left\n retrocardiac opacity. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema. There\n are no pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 1981, "question": "Does the patient have new pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg", "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable."} {"question_id": 1982, "question": "Is chronic pulmonary fibrosis present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg", "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable."} {"question_id": 1983, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of pulmonary edema rather than infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg", "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable."} {"question_id": 1984, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg", "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable."} {"question_id": 1985, "question": "Are the aortic arch calcifications stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s50501762/58c735ba-cc7d2492-f290f622-154bc6f2-5fdc853c.jpg", "report": "impression: New pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on top of chronic pulmonary fibrosis\n most likely represents pulmonary edema. Infection is less likely. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Known interstitial\n lung disease contributes to a bilateral perihilar interstitial abnormality. \n In addition to the chronic findings there is bilateral ground-glass opacity\n and interstitial thickening, predominantly radiating from the hila. \n Cardiomegaly remains moderate. Aortic arch calcifications are unchanged. A\n right-sided PICC line terminates in the low SVC. A left chest Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the right atrium. Vertebroplasty changes are stable."} {"question_id": 1986, "question": "Do the chest radiographs show very low lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg", "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted."} {"question_id": 1987, "question": "Are probable bibasilar opacities present on the images, suggesting atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg", "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted."} {"question_id": 1988, "question": "Can consolidation be completely excluded as a cause of the opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg", "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted."} {"question_id": 1989, "question": "Are there bilateral small pleural effusions evident on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg", "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted."} {"question_id": 1990, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15438386/s50994417/081b6db8-da3b5047-573fbc16-9aa955fa-d35d3cc2.jpg", "report": "AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate very low lung volumes\n and probable bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, though consolidation\n cannot be excluded. Bilateral small pleural effusions are also present. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears widened due to low lung volumes. There\n is no pneumothorax. Old right mid clavicular fracture is noted."} {"question_id": 1991, "question": "Does the patient have pneumonia in the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1992, "question": "Are there sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1993, "question": "Is the prosthetic aortic valve unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1994, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1995, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16773796/s58084420/3622b493-4fc54d50-37c8dd39-9ad4b433-1fc9ab20.jpg", "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged as is the\n prosthetic aortic valve. The heart size is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal contours appear unremarkable. There continues to be opacity\n projecting over the heart on the frontal view with air bronchograms which\n correlates with increased opacity in the retrocardiac space. There is no\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 1996, "question": "Is the new PICC line located on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1997, "question": "Does the PICC line's tip appear to be in the mediastinum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1998, "question": "Is there concern that the PICC line may be in an arterial location?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 1999, "question": "Was there a follow-up radiograph showing the PICC line in the mid SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 2000, "question": "Is there evidence of a potential small right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10715477/s55878458/989b6a15-ba84ab43-d60ebb5a-c7681741-c34f140f.jpg", "report": "New PICC line on the right is projecting with its tip somewhere in\n the mediastinum. Appears to cross the midline, there is concern for potential\n arterial location. The initial line concerns were communicated over the\n telephone at the time of the wet read. Repeat PA and lateral radiograph,\n taken approximately an hour after the radiograph demonstrated the PICC line in\n the mid SVC. Potential small right pleural effusion. Stable moderate\n cardiomegaly."} {"question_id": 2001, "question": "Has the right lower lobe pneumonia increased in extent since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker."} {"question_id": 2002, "question": "Is there a possibility of a minimal right pleural effusion associated with the pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker."} {"question_id": 2003, "question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the left lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker."} {"question_id": 2004, "question": "Does the patient have persistent overinflation and large lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker."} {"question_id": 2005, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s52056700/de140675-ed4e6db5-111e6c9c-427ebbe7-7e83e354.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the known right lower lobe\n pneumonia is minimally more extensive on today's image. There could be an\n associated minimal right pleural effusion. No abnormalities in the left lung.\n Persistent overinflation and resulting large lung volumes. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Unchanged left pectoral\n pacemaker."} {"question_id": 2006, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube placed in the right internal jugular line? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg", "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier."} {"question_id": 2007, "question": "Is the position of the endotracheal tube unchanged from previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg", "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier."} {"question_id": 2008, "question": "Is there a nasogastric (NG) tube present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg", "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier."} {"question_id": 2009, "question": "Are the lung findings stable compared to the previous study 45 minutes earlier?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg", "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier."} {"question_id": 2010, "question": "Was the chest X-ray taken in an upright position?\n", "answer": "No (it was a portable supine view).", "image": "p16/p16409152/s57976054/eae82e15-d009faf9-ea670371-7404ef86-edfc3065.jpg", "report": "One portable supine view of the chest. The endotracheal tube ends\n in the right internal jugular line and is in unchanged position. No NG tube\n is seen. The lung findings are unchanged compared to 45 minutes earlier."} {"question_id": 2011, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2012, "question": "Is there evidence of round atelectasis, especially at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2013, "question": "Do the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear stable when compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2014, "question": "Are there any changes in the appearance of sternal wires compared to previous imaging?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2015, "question": "Is there evidence of an acute process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/b03d121a-8a657f7b-2c3da5f3-6828c27c-2a4d38a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2016, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema worsened since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 2017, "question": "Is there a stent present in the right subclavian vein?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 2018, "question": "Are there patchy opacities in the lung bases that likely indicate atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 2019, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 2020, "question": "Are there any noted osseous abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50324889/d6326d09-908b90e7-7f3c10fc-620713fc-4e490c4a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval with trace\n right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is\n unchanged. A a right subclavian vein stent appears unchanged. Mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema is worse in the interval. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. Minimal right pleural effusion is noted.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Nodes osseous abnormalities detected."} {"question_id": 2021, "question": "Has the previously seen left lower lobe opacity resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question_id": 2022, "question": "Is there any new focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question_id": 2023, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question_id": 2024, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question_id": 2025, "question": "Is there any abnormality in the cardiomediastinal silhouette?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18343726/s53012323/ceb97930-fe5ec7d6-6ee4c8aa-56e46341-d0fbfd43.jpg", "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia. No new acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The previously seen left lower lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute bony findings."} {"question_id": 2026, "question": "Are the bibasilar airspace opacities increasing compared to the prior examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2027, "question": "Is the likely cause of the increased opacities pulmonary edema and atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2028, "question": "Is there a left-sided internal jugular catheter present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2029, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2030, "question": "Are both internal jugular catheters stable in position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50818829/c2f49f11-42bbe227-0e97f6b4-10ea93f4-e05ef9fb.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities are increasing and are likely related to\n worsening pulmonary edema and atelectasis. Findings: A left-sided internal jugular catheter is stable in position. A right-sided\n internal jugular dialysis catheter is also stable. There is no pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are increasing from the prior examination done\n yesterday and are likely related to increasing pulmonary edema and\n atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2031, "question": "Was a thoracocentesis procedure recently performed on the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg", "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side."} {"question_id": 2032, "question": "Has the left-sided pleural effusion decreased after the thoracocentesis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg", "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side."} {"question_id": 2033, "question": "Is the left-sided diaphragmatic contour now visible?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg", "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side."} {"question_id": 2034, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax following the thoracocentesis?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg", "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side."} {"question_id": 2035, "question": "Are the changes in the right hemithorax stable when compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13023326/s52971492/c1f8ae0f-24d9f65f-2a25b45f-75887445-8974af9c.jpg", "report": "impression: Successful thoracocentesis removing major portion of left-sided\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax following thoracocentesis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Whereas the described\n changes in the right hemithorax are stable, the left-sided basal pleural\n density has decreased markedly and the left-sided diaphragmatic contour is now\n identified both on frontal and lateral view. No evidence of pneumothorax in\n the apical areas on either side."} {"question_id": 2036, "question": "Do the X-ray findings suggest the presence of severe interstitial lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique."} {"question_id": 2037, "question": "Are there patchy opacities in the right upper lung and left mid and lower lung that could indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique."} {"question_id": 2038, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique."} {"question_id": 2039, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique."} {"question_id": 2040, "question": "Are the lung volumes decreased on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10867202/s59071382/d1476c64-942c69d1-01468aa0-5ba156c1-07f5abb4.jpg", "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities worrisome for pneumonia superimposed on\n severe underlying interstitial lung disease; although recent prior radiographs\n are not available for comparison and progression of chronic lung disease could\n be considered as an alternative, acute superimposed pneumonia seems most\n likely. Findings: In the background of severe interstitial lung disease, which is\n predominantly reflected in fine reticulation of the lung periphery on each\n side, there are patchy superimposed opacities in the right upper lung as well\n as the left mid and lower lung worrisome for superimposed pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lung volume are again low. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged, allowing for\n differences in technique."} {"question_id": 2041, "question": "Has the patient previously undergone a thoracocentesis on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable."} {"question_id": 2042, "question": "Is there evidence of aortic valve prosthesis and tricuspid valve annuloplasty?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable."} {"question_id": 2043, "question": "Has the right-sided pleural effusion been successfully removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable."} {"question_id": 2044, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable."} {"question_id": 2045, "question": "Is there a definitive diagnosis of left-sided pneumonia based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s51889790/404c92ca-507a2663-933cb795-d5538049-f6ed552e.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent successful status post right-sided thoracocentesis,\n mildly increasing pulmonary congestive pattern with perivascular haze. \n Diagnosis of left-sided pneumonic infiltrate is questionable unless compelling\n clinical findings are present. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post thoracotomy, moderate\n cardiac enlargement and evidence of aortic valve prosthesis as well as\n tricuspid valve annuloplasty as before. The removal of the right-sided\n pleural effusion of the preceding day remains successful as the right-sided\n diaphragmatic contour and pleural sinus is free, demonstrating the pigtail-end\n catheter in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed. The pulmonary\n vascular pattern again demonstrates perivascular haze throughout which in\n comparison appears slightly increased again. This may have led to question a\n left-sided pneumonia, a diagnosis which is questionable."} {"question_id": 2046, "question": "Is there an opacity at the left costophrenic angle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2047, "question": "Is the likely cause of the opacity at the left costophrenic angle atelectasis or pleural fluid?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2048, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2049, "question": "Is moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2050, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumoperitoneum?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s52412265/a6aad5da-2b346586-e6b4b977-d71b3973-925a1eb1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Opacity at left costophrenic angle likely reflects atelectasis vs. pleural\n fluid.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema. Findings: Redemonstration of moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is noted. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion consistent with edema. There is vague increased\n opacity at the left costophrenic angle which may reflect atelectasis versus a\n small pleural effusion. Redemonstration of a left subclavian venous stent is\n again noted. There is no evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Osseous structures\n are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2051, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2052, "question": "Is there a nodule present in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2053, "question": "Can the true volume of the right lower lobe nodule be measured on the radiography?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2054, "question": "Are there any additional nodules, consolidations, effusions, or pneumothoraces?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2055, "question": "Is there evidence of mild tortuosity of the descending aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s54907683/f9d601d7-0eb2306d-2e66934e-5db0f766-edb49564.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. 9-mm right lower lobe nodule. As per the patient's CT ___,\n the patient is due to have a followup chest CT to assess right lower lobe\n nodule, to reassess right lower lung nodule. Findings: A right lower lobe nodule is similar in appearance to prior\n radiograph and CT, however true volume cannot be measured on radiography. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear. There is no additional nodule, consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n There is mild tortuosity of the descending aorta. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2056, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show an acute cardiopulmonary process? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2057, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2058, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2059, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2060, "question": "Can a stent be seen in the upper abdomen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s59698726/46c161c4-0cac1236-ec95dd28-d99eb016-ee9a344d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest pain. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n detected. Stent is identified in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2061, "question": "Is the ET tube placed correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 2062, "question": "Is there evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) worsening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 2063, "question": "Could there be an underlying infectious infiltrate present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 2064, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 2065, "question": "Is there a small effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58833368/e01e8de2-d5095cb4-f851985e-df9c203c-89326fdb.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube in good location.\n \n 2. Increased CHF. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded Findings: There is a new ET tube 5.4 cm above the carina. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution that is worsened in the interval with alveolar infiltrates\n bilaterally and dense retrocardiac opacity that could be due to volume\n loss/infiltrate/effusion. The heart size is moderately enlarged. NG tube tip\n is in the stomach. There is a small right effusion."} {"question_id": 2066, "question": "Does the patient have moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2067, "question": "Is the mediastinum widened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2068, "question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2069, "question": "Can any focal consolidation be seen?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2070, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57739082/5e587c3b-2593ff0d-f7ac821e-4955e532-83ba9419.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, but\n no overt edema. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n stable. Widened mediastinum with tortuous aorta is unchanged. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, but no overt edema. No focal consolidation\n identified. No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2071, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein."} {"question_id": 2072, "question": "Has there been improvement in pulmonary vascular engorgement since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein."} {"question_id": 2073, "question": "Are the inspiratory lung volumes appropriate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein."} {"question_id": 2074, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein."} {"question_id": 2075, "question": "Is the azygos vein still prominent?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s54507407/a839e43c-1d7f9788-1f4d11ef-8bf9c279-74ebcc3f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Improved pulmonary vascular\n engorgement since ___. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. There is improved\n pulmonary vascular engorgement since the prior study of ___ and no\n pulmonary edema. The lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with persistent prominence of the\n azygos vein."} {"question_id": 2076, "question": "Are there any acute findings in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2077, "question": "Are midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2078, "question": "Has the previously noted Port-A-Cath been removed? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2079, "question": "Are there any signs of lung consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2080, "question": "Is there any free air below the right hemidiaphragm evident on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12124741/s53352013/783fc94d-12b747b1-600f2e10-c1c51d2a-97240f95.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. The previously noted Port-A-Cath\n has been removed. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2081, "question": "Does the patient show signs of an acute cardiopulmonary process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted."} {"question_id": 2082, "question": "Is there any large pleural effusion or edema evident in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted."} {"question_id": 2083, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted."} {"question_id": 2084, "question": "Is there a rightward deviation of the trachea visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted."} {"question_id": 2085, "question": "Can surgical clips be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s59438963/099dc924-692466a3-cd889469-1d9dee6c-3a61f779.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. Lungs\n are grossly clear. There is no large effusion or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Rightward deviation of the trachea at the\n thoracic inlet is compatible with known underlying left-sided thyroid\n enlargement. Surgical clips seen projecting over the thoracic inlet. Left\n chest wall dual lumen central venous catheter is now seen. Multiple vascular\n stents project over the left upper extremity and mediastinum. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally. Old healed right\n posterior rib fractures are also noted."} {"question_id": 2086, "question": "Does the patient have a normal contour of the mediastinum? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2087, "question": "Are the streaky opacities in the lung bases likely indicative of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2088, "question": "Has the patient undergone median sternotomy and CABG?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2089, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2090, "question": "Are there any acute bony abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14504940/s55011437/7c41a809-f93b8fdb-32b0f64f-3c464002-d1751a7c.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal contour of the mediastinum without evidence of widening. \n Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There are streaky opacities in the lung\n bases, most likely reflective of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2091, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2092, "question": "Is there any evidence of consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2093, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2094, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2095, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s57697281/159f8b16-a8da78c3-2dab8f92-5577b199-2d544ffc.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2096, "question": "Does the patient have a pacemaker implanted?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2097, "question": "Is there a metallic stent over the heart area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2098, "question": "Is the patient showing signs of cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2099, "question": "Are there any signs of pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2100, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18417750/s59047668/9c04078c-dee8c858-bc2a105e-d5fb538e-ac5a7c69.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without signs of failure or edema. Other findings\n as described above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Dual-lead\n pacemaker is in unchanged position. A metallic stent projects over the heart\n in the expected location of the aortic valve. Hardware is noted in the lower\n thoracic spine with evidence of vertebroplasty in a lower thoracic vertebral\n body. Cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no definite sign of pulmonary\n edema. No pleural effusion or signs of pneumonia. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures appear unchanged. A wedge deformity is seen just\n above the level of vertebroplasty in the lower T-spine which is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2101, "question": "Is there moderate pulmonary vascular congestion visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2102, "question": "Are the bibasilar opacities likely related to vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2103, "question": "Is the position of the large-bore right-sided central venous catheter stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2104, "question": "Can pneumonia be completely excluded based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2105, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50706776/7a448024-34b46da3-0662ce39-3a69ebb7-30625b25.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities are felt to more\n likely relate to vascular congestion rather than consolidation, however in the\n appropriate clinical setting, underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. Findings: Large-bore right-sided central venous catheter is stable in position,\n terminating and the proximal right atrium. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. There is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Bibasilar opacities are felt to more likely relate to vascular congestion\n rather than consolidation, however in the appropriate clinical setting,\n underlying pneumonia is difficult to exclude. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2106, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 2107, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 2108, "question": "Is there evidence of major changes in the mediastinal and hilar contours compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 2109, "question": "Does the X-ray suggest the presence of minor atelectasis or scarring in the left mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 2110, "question": "Are there calcified pleural plaques present in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s58936592/b9d3a2a8-efad6e43-fd5c9461-389ea619-4454f98c.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged, allowing for differences in technique. A band-like\n opacity projecting over the left mid lung suggests minor atelectasis or\n scarring. More generally, there is mild increased opacification with\n indistinct pulmonary vascularity suggesting mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n without definite focal opacities. Calcified pleural plaques are suspected."} {"question_id": 2111, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures."} {"question_id": 2112, "question": "Are there increased interstitial markings in the lungs suggesting chronic interstitial disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures."} {"question_id": 2113, "question": "Has the right mid lung opacity observed in a previous examination resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures."} {"question_id": 2114, "question": "Is the tip of the dual-lumen right subclavian central line positioned at the right atrium-superior vena cava (RA-SVC) junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures."} {"question_id": 2115, "question": "Is there any change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s58495524/1fbd1640-367c4f70-02a3a28c-d27a8a1f-ac0fd964.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent increased\n interstitial markings in the lungs compatible with chronic interstitial\n disease. Interval resolution of the right mid lung opacity since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Dual-lumen right subclavian central line is again seen with\n tip at the RA-SVC junction. Increased interstitial markings seen throughout\n the lungs are again noted and suggestive of chronic interstitial disease. \n Right mid lung opacity has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable as are the osseous and soft tissue structures."} {"question_id": 2116, "question": "Does the patient have a normal chest radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2117, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2118, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2119, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2120, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s50241018/c2af2ab3-6a11cbae-d9fa4d64-21ab221e-cf6f2146.jpg", "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumonia. Findings: Well expanded and clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size, mediastinal contour, and hila are within normal limits.\n \n Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2121, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged."} {"question_id": 2122, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged."} {"question_id": 2123, "question": "Has there been a change in the position of the right hemidiaphragm compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged."} {"question_id": 2124, "question": "Have the endotracheal and nasogastric tubes been removed since the last imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged."} {"question_id": 2125, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s51229977/4ffa9df0-24b7231c-3f67bde1-d9698406-f27658a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with persistent enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No large pleural effusion is seen, although a small left\n pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are relatively low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. There has been interval removal of endotracheal and nasogastric\n tubes. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. No large pleural effusions\n are seen, although a trace effusion on the left would be difficult to exclude.\n No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged."} {"question_id": 2126, "question": "Have the lung volumes decreased since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant."} {"question_id": 2127, "question": "Do the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear denser than on the previous image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant."} {"question_id": 2128, "question": "Is there a change in the size of the cardiac silhouette compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant."} {"question_id": 2129, "question": "Are there any new parenchymal opacities since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant."} {"question_id": 2130, "question": "Are pleural effusions present on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s55410841/93b9fbec-d0096ef4-0f25a638-a44849a5-58844ba5.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly decreased, which could potentially be caused by decreased ventilatory\n pressures. As a consequence, the bilateral parenchymal opacities appear\n slightly denser than on the previous image. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is unchanged. No new parenchymal opacities have newly occurred. \n No pleural effusions are seen. The monitoring and support devices are\n constant."} {"question_id": 2131, "question": "Has there been a significant change since the prior study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg", "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized."} {"question_id": 2132, "question": "Are post-surgical changes such as en bloc resection of some ribs evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg", "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized."} {"question_id": 2133, "question": "Is there fibrosis present in the left lateral lung zone?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg", "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized."} {"question_id": 2134, "question": "Are the lungs clear of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg", "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized."} {"question_id": 2135, "question": "Can multilevel degenerative changes be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15446959/s54058678/79efe8cb-356ec1b4-23153a48-35b3a64c-40e70a3a.jpg", "report": "There is little change in comparison to prior study. Post-surgical\n changes are again noted including en bloc resection of the sixth through tenth\n ribs. Mesh reconstruction along the left chest wall is again noted. Fibrosis\n is noted in the left lateral lung zone. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with the heart size at top normal. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with\n no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are again visualized."} {"question_id": 2136, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 2137, "question": "Is there a large mass in the left lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 2138, "question": "Are there signs of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 2139, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 2140, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11378150/s55743226/fd480467-a520cdee-c10d86b1-219b21f7-64bb593d.jpg", "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Large left lower lobe mass, better evaluated on\n prior CT. Findings: Single portable chest radiograph demonstrates a large rounded\n opacity in the left lower lung, correlating with known left lung mass, better\n visualized on the ___ PET-CT. No focal opacification concerning\n for pneumonia. Bibasilar atelectasis is evident. Coarse linear interstitial\n markings in left upper lobe may reflect emphysematous change. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Prominent pericardial fat pads are evident;\n otherwise, cardiomediastinal contours are normal."} {"question_id": 2141, "question": "Does the patient have a stable right basilar opacity compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg", "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___."} {"question_id": 2142, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg", "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___."} {"question_id": 2143, "question": "Is there a vascular stent present in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg", "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___."} {"question_id": 2144, "question": "Has there been a change in the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg", "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___."} {"question_id": 2145, "question": "Is the prominence of the right hilum considered unstable or changed significantly?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s55400628/bdd612ef-c670dd82-8e5b97e4-82d8c071-20405c37.jpg", "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is stable as compared to the prior study\n from ___. No large pleural effusion. Possible mild vascular\n congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A vascular\n stent is again noted in the left brachiocephalic vein and SVC, stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of\n the right hilum is grossly stable. Subtle prominence of perihilar vasculature\n may be due to mild vascular congestion. The right basilar opacity is stable\n as compared to the prior study from ___."} {"question_id": 2146, "question": "Are the right and left pleural effusions unchanged compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2147, "question": "Are the pleural effusions described as mild-to-moderate?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2148, "question": "Is there compression atelectasis associated with the pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2149, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2150, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57681546/1f7d224a-19e6cfa7-5627f007-83212a22-be1faf67.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right and left pleural\n effusions are virtually unchanged. They are mild-to-moderate in extent. The\n effusions are at the source of bilateral areas of compression atelectasis.\n \n Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of\n pneumonia. Unchanged right internal jugular vein catheter and left pectoral\n pacemaker.\n \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2151, "question": "Is there a new opacity in the right lung base compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube."} {"question_id": 2152, "question": "Are the opacities seen associated with bronchiectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube."} {"question_id": 2153, "question": "Based on the radiograph and clinical presentation, should pneumonia be suspected?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube."} {"question_id": 2154, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions noted on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube."} {"question_id": 2155, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette size remained normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10402372/s50879902/09bcae55-47d8afaa-5cd21ca4-2cc83c46-d432bd6d.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a subtle but new\n opacity at the right lung base, in the medial aspect of the lung. The\n opacities located in an area of bronchiectasis. Given the clinical\n presentation, pneumonia must be suspected. The referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification at the time of dictation, 3:18 p.m. on ___ and the findings were discussed over the telephone.\n \n Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged, extensive overinflation with\n bronchiectasis but no pleural effusions or other parenchymal changes. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged position of the nasogastric tube."} {"question_id": 2156, "question": "Is the patient intubated with the endotracheal tube placed correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___"} {"question_id": 2157, "question": "Is there a pneumothax present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___"} {"question_id": 2158, "question": "Does the patient have a Swan-Ganz catheter in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___"} {"question_id": 2159, "question": "Is there evidence of a mediastinal shift towards the right?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___"} {"question_id": 2160, "question": "Has the patient recently undergone a new cardiac operation as indicated by the appearance of the sternotomy wires?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16875792/s50476602/b00146a8-daf7d7b9-b5b42300-46be81dc-b7c723c0.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. The patient is now intubated, the ETT terminating in the\n trachea some 3 cm above the level of the carina. A right internal jugular\n approach sheath has been placed carrying a Swan-Ganz catheter, tip of which\n reaches the central portion of the pulmonary artery. An NG tube reaches well\n into the stomach. Mediastinal drainage tubes from below are seen. There is a\n left-sided pneumothorax measuring up to 3 cm in width in the apical area but\n extending along the chest lateral wall as well. When comparison is made with\n the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___,\n considerable degree of mediastinal shift towards the right is identified. \n Also noted is that the sternotomy wires have a somewhat different appearance\n indicating that the patient has since then undergone new cardiac operation and\n new sternotomy wire placement. The presently described findings show an acute\n pneumothorax with tension component. A telephone call was placed to extension\n ___. Contact with the responsible cardiac surgeon was established. The\n described findings were communicated verbally and the surgeon assured that the\n situation would be attended immediately. Telephone call was given at 1:50\n p.m. of ___"} {"question_id": 2161, "question": "Is there an ill-defined opacity that could indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable."} {"question_id": 2162, "question": "Is the opacity suggesting pneumonia well-defined on the frontal view?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable."} {"question_id": 2163, "question": "Does the patient have signs consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable."} {"question_id": 2164, "question": "Are the pulmonary arteries prominent, raising concern for pulmonary artery hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable."} {"question_id": 2165, "question": "Is there a pacemaker lead visible in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13291370/s50519818/ef9e6f59-22103c28-5c2c7bc8-a2d07454-4c824d0e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Ill-defined opacity appreciated only on the lateral view in the posterior\n inferior lower lung overlying the spine shadow is concerning for pneumonia and\n since it is not clearly defined on the frontal view, it suggests lower lobe\n pneumonia either involving the right or left side.\n \n 2. COPD.\n \n 3. Pulmonary artery hypertension, unchanged since ___.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 5:55\n p.m. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded with mild flattening of the bilateral\n hemidiaphragm and increased AP diameter of the chest consistent with chronic\n pulmonary disease. Bilateral prominent pulmonary arteries raise the concern\n for pulmonary artery hypertension. An ill-defined opacity is seen in\n posterior lower lung in the retrocardiac region overlying the lower spine and\n is concerning for pneumonia. This opacity is not very well defined on the\n frontal view except for a faint opacity in the right lower paracardiac region.\n A single pacemaker lead from left pectoral pacemaker device terminates into\n the right ventricle. Top normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged since ___. Mild atherosclerotic calcification of the\n aortic arch is stable."} {"question_id": 2166, "question": "Has a nasogastric tube been placed since the earlier study of the same date?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2167, "question": "Is the tip of the nasogastric tube appropriately positioned in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2168, "question": "Should the nasogastric tube be advanced further based on its current position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2169, "question": "Are the pulmonary vessels as well defined as they were in the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2170, "question": "Is there evidence of a mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18855147/s58301804/bb31f02a-26cfe8cb-d6444793-d24a3c7a-3ba6afb6.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of a nasogastric tube with its tip in the body of the esophagus. \n The side hole is in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and the tube\n should be advanced several centimeters.\n \n Pulmonary vessels are less well defined than on the previous study, consistent\n with some mild increase in pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2171, "question": "Does the patient have pneumonia in the right middle lobe and lingular region? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question_id": 2172, "question": "Should the patient have a repeat X-ray after treatment to check for resolution?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question_id": 2173, "question": "Are there findings of new bibasilar opacities on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question_id": 2174, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question_id": 2175, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal in this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56661236/a10dea57-90f876f4-c66af250-6fb45322-6ef88ddc.jpg", "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Recommend repeat after treatment to\n document resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities\n compatible with right middle lobe and lingular pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear and there is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality."} {"question_id": 2176, "question": "Are there new heterogeneous opacities in the right upper and left lower lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2177, "question": "Are the heterogeneous opacities concerning for pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2178, "question": "Is there a small to moderate left pleural effusion that has increased in size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2179, "question": "Is there a definite right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2180, "question": "Are there any changes in the segmental left rib fractures compared to previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s51664027/ff6e7a7d-9a6dcd6f-295e7a94-b49fbcc3-502bd3ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. New right upper and left lower lung heterogeneous opacities are concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 3. Increased small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:46 a.m. via\n telephone on ___. Findings: Heterogeneous opacities in the right upper lung and left lower lung\n are new compared to radiographs from ___ and concerning for\n infection. A small to moderate left pleural effusion is substantially\n increased. There is no definite right pleural effusion. Heart size is top\n normal. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta is unchanged. Aortic calcifications\n are again noted. Segmental left rib fractures are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2181, "question": "Does the patient have bibasilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2182, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased in size since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2183, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2184, "question": "Is the tip of the right central line positioned in the superior vena cava (SVC)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2185, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s53311302/241b6402-15f482d1-da524f5e-92653c29-84172d3d.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with decrease in left pleural effusion; no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The right central line tip sits in the mid SVC. The\n cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs continue to demonstrate\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. The previously described left pleural effusion\n has decreased. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2186, "question": "Has the patient recently had chest tubes removed? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2187, "question": "Has a pneumothorax developed following the removal of the chest tubes? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2188, "question": "Are there signs of pleural thickening in the right hemithorax? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2189, "question": "Is there any blunting of the lateral pleural sinus in the right hemithorax? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2190, "question": "Are there any new abnormalities noted in this chest X-ray compared to the previous one? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s50035498/cb581d96-edd1855f-79bc7a49-e942ded5-fb83c971.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pneumothorax following\n chest tube removals. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. During the examination interval, the two\n right-sided chest tubes have been removed. No pneumothorax has developed. \n Pleural thickenings and blunting of lateral pleural sinus in right hemithorax\n persist rather unchanged. No new abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2191, "question": "Is the mediastinal contour stable and not widened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2192, "question": "Are the patient's lungs hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2193, "question": "Is there a calcific focus present in the left mid chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2194, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette considered normal to mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2195, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/28737f0b-1389eccb-3debcb12-da4fbf04-3401a0a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2196, "question": "Has a nasogastric tube been placed since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion."} {"question_id": 2197, "question": "Is the tip of the nasogastric tube in the distal stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion."} {"question_id": 2198, "question": "Is there a large right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion."} {"question_id": 2199, "question": "Is there a moderate left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion."} {"question_id": 2200, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11934114/s52625540/de3aab87-d8c3b45e-2312deb9-70e80ce0-17b557d2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n nasogastric tube with tip in the distal stomach. Otherwise, there is little\n overall change with large right and moderate left pleural effusion with\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion."} {"question_id": 2201, "question": "Has the cardiac silhouette become less prominent compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases."} {"question_id": 2202, "question": "Is the pulmonary vascularity improved when compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases."} {"question_id": 2203, "question": "Are there mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases."} {"question_id": 2204, "question": "Is there any evidence of significant fluid accumulation in the pleural space? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases."} {"question_id": 2205, "question": "Is there any indication of a new focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15032623/s52225063/ee2fe22f-087ea688-eacd294b-68409208-45f2430d.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n less prominent and the pulmonary vascularity is substantially improved. Mild\n atelectatic changes are seen at the bases."} {"question_id": 2206, "question": "Is the right atrial lead positioned unusually?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg", "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2207, "question": "Is there evidence of lead fracture or displacement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg", "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2208, "question": "Is an aortic valve prosthesis present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg", "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2209, "question": "Is there any indication of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg", "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2210, "question": "Has there been improvement in the mild pulmonary edema compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19759491/s54010994/9212c3a6-8bed5158-601c88b9-1f239c51-e1049431.jpg", "report": "impression: Lead intended for the right atrium is directed unusually\n posteriorly. While this lead is likely in the right atrium, correlation with\n electrophysiology measurements would be helpful.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:50 AM on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: There is a biventricular pacer/ICD with leads terminating in the\n coronary sinus and right ventricle. The right atrial lead takes an unusual\n course, directed posteriorly. While this appears unchanged from the prior\n study on the frontal view, an aberrant location should be considered. There\n is no evidence of lead fracture or displacement. Aortic valve prosthesis is\n again noted. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are present.\n \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There has been further improvement in the\n mild pulmonary edema. Further aeration of the left lung base is consistent\n with resolving atelectasis and pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2211, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 2212, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 2213, "question": "Is there a left-sided pacemaker device visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 2214, "question": "Is the heart size described as mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 2215, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s51615087/29f643b7-e5408002-2f731ee3-cb5b8634-0d438145.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. More focal opacities at lung bases may reflect atelectasis but\n infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with leads\n terminating in the right atrium, right ventricle, and coronary sinus. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild\n pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, new from\n the prior study. Focal opacities at lung bases may reflect areas of\n atelectasis though infection cannot be excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. No pneumothorax is identified."} {"question_id": 2216, "question": "Does the patient have opacities in the left mid and lower lung that could indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out."} {"question_id": 2217, "question": "Is there a clear indication of a pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out."} {"question_id": 2218, "question": "Can a small left pleural effusion be completely ruled out?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out."} {"question_id": 2219, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in either lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out."} {"question_id": 2220, "question": "Does the right lung appear clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s57149976/9899772e-b051b74d-f68faa87-f45ebf9b-3fcd4d7b.jpg", "report": "impression: Left mid and lower lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Probable small left pleural effusion. Findings: One portable AP upright view of the chest. In the left mid and\n lower lung, there is an opacity concerning for pneumonia. The right lung\n appears clear. There is no pleural effusion on the right. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax in either lung. The left hemidiaphragm is not well\n seen and a small left pleural effusion cannot be ruled out."} {"question_id": 2221, "question": "Does the patient have a large left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved."} {"question_id": 2222, "question": "Is there adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved."} {"question_id": 2223, "question": "Is there a possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved."} {"question_id": 2224, "question": "Has the right mid and lower lung atelectasis slightly improved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved."} {"question_id": 2225, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16313531/s55134684/583590d0-c9c3ce35-4b385739-1623390c-62fd1b5d.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Possible subpulmonic component of right pleural effusion. Findings: Stable widening of cardiomediastinal contours with persistent\n silhouetting of left heart border due to a large left pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the left mid and lower lung\n region. On the right, there is apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n with lateral peaking suggesting the presence of a subpulmonic pleural\n effusion. Areas of adjacent atelectasis in the right mid and lower lung have\n slightly improved."} {"question_id": 2226, "question": "Has there been removal of a substantial amount of right pleural fluid since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2227, "question": "Has the ipsilateral lung re-expanded without any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2228, "question": "Is there continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2229, "question": "Are the pulmonary vessels engorged, suggesting elevated pulmonary venous pressure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2230, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s56367677/f0af6b21-c203468f-f3fc3442-bd92e0bb-bf562d09.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of right pleural fluid. There has been re-expansion of the\n ipsilateral lung with no evidence of pneumothorax. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with some engorgement of pulmonary vessels consistent\n with elevated pulmonary venous pressure."} {"question_id": 2231, "question": "Has there been an increase in interstitial prominence since the prior exam? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders."} {"question_id": 2232, "question": "Is there any evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders."} {"question_id": 2233, "question": "Is the bronchiectasis and scarring at the right base stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders."} {"question_id": 2234, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders."} {"question_id": 2235, "question": "Does the patient have severe cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s55875120/6f619231-f8a0ab48-6858a7eb-b0ee9c1c-de3385c9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interval increase in interstitial prominence without definite\n pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable right lower lobe scarring and bronchiectasis. Findings: Since the prior exam, there appears to be increased interstitial\n prominence, although no overt pulmonary edema. Stable bronchiectasis and\n scarring is again noted at the right base. There is no dense consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is present.\n A pacemaker is in place with wires in unchanged position. The patient is\n status post a CABG. The sternal wires are intact. There are severe\n degenerative changes of the bilateral shoulders."} {"question_id": 2236, "question": "Is there an opacity present in the left basilar region of the lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance."} {"question_id": 2237, "question": "Is the opacity at the base of the right lung considered new compared to the previous chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance."} {"question_id": 2238, "question": "Does the patient have a history of chest surgery, as evidenced by sternotomy wires and surgical clips?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance."} {"question_id": 2239, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance."} {"question_id": 2240, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17962324/s59875098/9188d253-7432f199-b8668189-c4b015e6-24ed4f79.jpg", "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity which could be compatible with infection. Recommend\n repeat imaging after treatment. If no clincal concern for infection, consider\n chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: An opacity at the base of the right lung is not similar in appearance to chest\n radiograph on ___ and may represent overlapping structures. \n However, an opacity in the retrocardiac clear space on the left is new. \n Additionally, there is an opacity at the left posterior costophrenic The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires and surgical clips are again seen and not\n significantly changed in appearance."} {"question_id": 2241, "question": "Is there an indication of pneumonia in the right basilar region of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2242, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2243, "question": "Are there calcified pleural plaques present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2244, "question": "Is there any definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax observed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2245, "question": "Does the patient show signs of frank pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17838301/s51266767/474c4fbb-14f486fd-a3c9e647-da14a57d-dcf9e39a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Focal right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mildly prominent pulmonary vasculature suggesting pulmonary venous\n hypertension, but not frank pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n 4. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lung volumes are low. \n Calcified pleural plaques are present. There is no definite pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Band-like opacity in the left mid lung suggests minor\n atelectasis or scarring. Pulmonary vessels are somewhat engorged centrally\n suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension if not frank pulmonary edema. There\n is a confluent right basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2246, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2247, "question": "Is there extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2248, "question": "Is there volume loss in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2249, "question": "Is there extensive consolidation at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2250, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15204620/s56036730/2a14617b-2d5db3d5-34f04c3f-f0794b78-c9a89f06.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Extensive mediastinal right-sided adenopathy with potential volume\n loss in the right upper lobe. Extensive consolidation at the right lung base.\n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. No change in size and aspect\n of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2251, "question": "Has the moderate right pleural effusion shown any change compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2252, "question": "Is there a complete collapse of the right middle and lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2253, "question": "Are the right upper lobe and left lung clear of abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2254, "question": "Are the median wires from previous sternotomy and aortic valve replacement still present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2255, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52415062/47c8159c-71388595-84bf105d-5a7e99e4-077fb801.jpg", "report": "impression: Little change Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show stability of the moderate\n right pleural effusion with complete collapse of right middle lobe and lower\n lobe. Right upper lobe and left lung are still clear. Median wires are\n related to sternotomy in patient with history of aortic valve replacement and\n are unchanged. Heart size is stable.\n There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2256, "question": "Does the patient have cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left."} {"question_id": 2257, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left."} {"question_id": 2258, "question": "Are there significant pleural effusions noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left."} {"question_id": 2259, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left."} {"question_id": 2260, "question": "Are there any old healed rib fractures on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10886362/s52555178/5fd6fa4a-2108246f-d9199b99-e14370ae-0eea894d.jpg", "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and venous congestion. Findings: Right atrial and biventricular pacemaker courses in expected\n position. No significant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mild central venous congestion\n and cephalization, but no frank edema. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no focal consolidation. Old healed rib fractures are present on the\n left."} {"question_id": 2261, "question": "Are the chest findings considered stable compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis."} {"question_id": 2262, "question": "Is there a loculated pleural density on the left base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis."} {"question_id": 2263, "question": "Do the parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left lower lobe appear unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis."} {"question_id": 2264, "question": "Is there a substantial amount of subdiaphragmatic air visible that was not present in the preceding exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis."} {"question_id": 2265, "question": "Has the heart size or the position of the permanent pacer with dual electrode system changed since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s58819781/ee541657-53de178c-acd00b25-6ed17783-b7a8c3da.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. Persistent loculated pleural density on\n the left base and parenchymal density occupying posterior portions of the left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with the patient in\n upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next\n preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Previously\n described heart size, mediastinal structures, and permanent pacer with dual\n electrode system remain unchanged. The same holds also with the previously\n described loculated pleural effusion that blunts the left-sided lateral\n pleural sinus. Parenchymal densities in the posterior portion of the left\n lower lobe remain unchanged as they present on the lateral view. The only\n significant difference is the appearance of substantial amount of\n subdiaphragmatic air which was not found on the preceding chest examination. \n Telephone contact with referring physician, ___. ___, explained this\n finding as the patient is daily abdominal dialysis."} {"question_id": 2266, "question": "Are the lung volumes markedly low on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg", "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear."} {"question_id": 2267, "question": "Does the X-ray suggest the presence of right basal atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg", "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear."} {"question_id": 2268, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg", "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear."} {"question_id": 2269, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg", "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear."} {"question_id": 2270, "question": "Is the heart size top-normal to minimally enlarged on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s58786693/8a31b2b4-ae7e2d63-755cd377-936102cb-9bb02fac.jpg", "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes. Thank basal opacity suggests atelectasis and mild\n edema. Infection or aspiration should be considered in the appropriate\n setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings and the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Given that, the heart is top-normal to\n minimally enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged and there is\n mild edema. A right basal opacity suggests atelectasis however infection\n should be considered. No pleural effusion is identified. The left lung is\n clear."} {"question_id": 2271, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion shown some improvement since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2272, "question": "Is there a large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion present on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2273, "question": "Does the right lung show signs of both atelectasis and known malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2274, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2275, "question": "Are the left-sided cardiomediastinal borders unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s54904275/30fc1707-e38a1f76-d52f9649-78068351-e33cb1b3.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval mild improvement in right pleural effusion with likely a\n large residual subpulmonic pleural effusion. Dense opacifications in the now\n apparent right residual lung likely represents a combination of atelectasis\n and known malignancy. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is notable interval improvement in the right pleural\n effusion. There is a dense opacification with a rounded contour below the\n aerated right residual lung. Though the contour has the appearance of an\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, this appears to represent a large subpulmonic\n effusion when compared to ___ chest CT. There is improved aeration\n of the right lung with residual opacifications likely representing combination\n of atelectasis and known malignancy; cannot exclude superimposed infectious\n process. Atelectatic changes are noted within the left lower lung with a\n slightly greater degree of collapse in the posterior medial subsegment. Small\n left pleural effusion identified. Abnormal contour of the right upper\n mediastinum is consistent with known malignancy. Left-sided cardiomediastinal\n borders are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2276, "question": "Is there bilateral airspace opacity present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film."} {"question_id": 2277, "question": "Can a nodular opacity be observed in the left lung apex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film."} {"question_id": 2278, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film."} {"question_id": 2279, "question": "Does the X-ray show any signs of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film."} {"question_id": 2280, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11022245/s50078440/70ee568a-e2a70b5f-9f73d45e-c3015d3a-2a6bf3c0.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral airspace opacity consistent with lobar pneumonia.\n \n 2. Nodular opacity in the left lung apex, recommend attention on followup.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiographs demonstrate intubated patient,\n the tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned 4.1 cm from the level of the\n carina. An orogastric tube is in place and is coiled within the fundus of the\n stomach. There is airspace opacification of the right lung with relative\n sparing of the apex, as well as basilar left lung opacity. Linear atelectasis\n is seen in the right mid lung. The left lung is relatively clear. A focal\n nodular opacity is seen in the left upper lung measuring 8 mm. There is\n linear atelectasis in the left lower lung. There is no definite effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. \n \n The heart size is enlarged, the mediastinal contours appear grossly\n unremarkable on this portable film."} {"question_id": 2281, "question": "Is there a nodular opacity in the right lower lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 2282, "question": "Is the likely cause of the nodular opacity atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 2283, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 2284, "question": "Is a pneumothorax observed on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 2285, "question": "Are the imaged osseous structures intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s53459280/be1ddefb-9327567f-aef38bd8-e918043d-91c40219.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right lower lung is\n most likely secondary to atelectasis. Consider repeat radiograph with more\n optimal inspiratory effort to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Vague nodular\n opacity projecting over the right lower lung represents atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous structures appear\n intact. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm."} {"question_id": 2286, "question": "Does the patient have a new right lower lobe airspace opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg", "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 2287, "question": "Is the likely cause of the new right lower lobe airspace opacity aspiration pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg", "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 2288, "question": "Is the left lung clear of any abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg", "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 2289, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg", "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 2290, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s52692431/ac311552-a76f7711-c263444b-9819dc86-6fd39b27.jpg", "report": "impression: New right lower lobe aspiration pneumonia. Findings: The patient has had prior esophagectomy with a gastric pull-through. A new\n right lower lobe airspace opacity is likely due to aspiration pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 2291, "question": "Has there been a significant change in lung aeration since the earlier study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan."} {"question_id": 2292, "question": "Is there a possible increase in opacification at the left costophrenic angle indicating a potential effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan."} {"question_id": 2293, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan."} {"question_id": 2294, "question": "Does the patient have a history of right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan."} {"question_id": 2295, "question": "Is the prior right upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy better visualized on the recent CT scan than on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s56506647/28c782b9-7eb7d267-5a9a998f-25d24646-e811e771.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little\n overall change in the degree of aeration of the lungs. Some suggested\n increased opacification at the left costophrenic angle could reflect some\n increasing effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax. Evidence of prior right\n upper lobe lobectomy and radiation therapy, better demonstrated on recent CT\n scan."} {"question_id": 2296, "question": "Has the right upper lobe consolidation improved since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2297, "question": "Is there evidence of mild heart failure on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2298, "question": "Are the findings on the chest X-ray consistent with chronic lung disease, such as sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2299, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2300, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette affected by a tortuous aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/000ffbff-3d93bcef-da8b17cd-fbcede53-51728df9.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2301, "question": "Does the patient have left basal atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2302, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2303, "question": "Is there cardiomegaly present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2304, "question": "Is there a focal aneurysm in the thoracic aorta?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2305, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16957952/s57798090/3a8c9fa9-90b94fc1-484469e2-d0316be1-245e5d13.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild left basal atelectasis; no pneumonia.\n \n 2. Chronic mild to moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous hypertension,\n but no pulmonary edema.\n \n 3. Chronically enlarged atherosclerotic thoracic aorta, with no focal\n aneurysm. Findings: Heterogeneous left basilar opacities do not have a correlate on the\n lateral radiograph and are likely minimal atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is not accompanied\n interstitial edema or pleural abnormality. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly is\n chronic. The thoracic aorta is generally enlarged, very tortuous and\n moderately calcified but neither focally aneurysmal nor changed since at least\n ___. The patient has had midline sternotomy and CABG. A right cervical\n rib is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine include\n unchanged wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2306, "question": "Is a right IJ central venous line present in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 2307, "question": "Are there extensive large pleural effusions noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 2308, "question": "Is the right-sided pleural effusion more severe than the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 2309, "question": "Can atelectasis be seen at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 2310, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s57273961/c8502a35-a270d52b-bd1e0d87-6a535418-3c742175.jpg", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous line with distal lead tip at the\n cavoatrial junction, stable. There are extensive large pleural effusions,\n right side worse than left. Atelectasis at the left lung base and poor\n inspiratory effort is again visualized. No pneumothoraces are seen. There is\n mild underlying pulmonary edema."} {"question_id": 2311, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg", "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2312, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg", "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2313, "question": "Is there any indication of congestive heart failure (CHF) on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg", "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2314, "question": "Can a mediastinal mass be confirmed on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg", "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2315, "question": "Is a calcified granuloma visible in the left mid lung on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s59063233/64445cbc-ad80926d-3cf56f35-73f41b87-cdaaf288.jpg", "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs without evidence of pneumonia or CHF. Slight\n mediastinal prominence likely reflects patient's slight leftward rotation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The mediastinal\n contour is somewhat prominent, which likely in part reflect patient's slight\n leftward rotation as no mediastinal mass was seen on prior CT. The lungs are\n hyperinflated compatible with COPD. A calcified granuloma is again noted in\n the left mid lung. Calcified lymph nodes in the left hilum are better\n assessed on the prior CT. Heart size is top normal. No definite evidence of\n pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2316, "question": "Has the right upper lobe opacification shown significant improvement since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___."} {"question_id": 2317, "question": "Are there multiple rib fractures of varying ages present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___."} {"question_id": 2318, "question": "Is there a new pneumothorax present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___."} {"question_id": 2319, "question": "Does the patient have a large hiatal hernia according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___."} {"question_id": 2320, "question": "Are there signs of increased pulmonary vascularity on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18659631/s59284918/af8f292e-eecbb702-9aeef1d2-46861e97-709d3307.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Persistent right upper lobe opacification has only mildly improved since\n ___.\n 2. Multiple rib fractures of varying age and an old left clavicular fracture\n with lytic destruction of the several right lower thoracic ribs more apparent\n since ___. Findings: There is persistent opacification projecting in the lateral aspect of the\n right upper lobe demonstrated along the fissure on the lateral view that is\n mildly improved since ___. There is associated overlying pleural\n abnormality relating to healing rib fractures. There are no new areas of\n focal opacification. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating moderate\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of thoracic aorta. A large hiatal hernia is\n unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is not increased.\n \n There are extensive rib fractures of varying ages. In addition there is lytic\n destruction of several right-sided lower thoracic ribs. There is an old left\n clavicular fracture. There are multiple wedge compression deformities of the\n thoracolumbar spine grossly stable since ___."} {"question_id": 2321, "question": "Does the chest X-ray indicate mild pulmonary venous congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints."} {"question_id": 2322, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints."} {"question_id": 2323, "question": "Is there evidence of rightward tracheal deviation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints."} {"question_id": 2324, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints."} {"question_id": 2325, "question": "Can a hemodialysis catheter be seen terminating at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s51196890/0e94f694-f43b9926-aae6e13a-c3d97e2d-3a975b5b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cephalization which could reflect mild pulmonary venous\n congestion. Findings: There is mild cephalization of the\n pulmonary vasculature which is suggestive of increased pulmonary venous\n pressures. The lungs are clear. Rightward deviation of the trachea in the\n superior mediastinum is unchanged and due to the patient's known history of\n thyromegaly. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not\n enlarged. A hemodialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. \n Again noted are multiple old left rib fractures as well as degenerative\n changes of the bilateral glenohumeral joints."} {"question_id": 2326, "question": "Has there been any significant change since the previous study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request."} {"question_id": 2327, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute focal pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request."} {"question_id": 2328, "question": "Can vascular congestion be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request."} {"question_id": 2329, "question": "Is there a healed rib fracture present on the left side? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request."} {"question_id": 2330, "question": "Does the patient have kyphosis associated with severe loss of height of the mid dorsal vertebrae? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19565388/s55536902/e6772ec5-79cc92d4-14c206cd-124edc47-86e22fb9.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \n Evidence of previous healed rib fracture on the left and severe loss of height\n of the mid dorsal vertebrae with kyphosis.\n \n This information was telephoned to Dr. ___ at his request."} {"question_id": 2331, "question": "Have the monitoring and support devices changed since the last study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base."} {"question_id": 2332, "question": "Is there an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base."} {"question_id": 2333, "question": "Are the pulmonary arteries extremely prominent, suggesting pulmonary artery hypertension?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base."} {"question_id": 2334, "question": "Is there any retrocardiac opacification that might indicate atelectasis or pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base."} {"question_id": 2335, "question": "Are there small bilateral effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s56996131/47824497-77e713da-b1f179d8-ecf443d2-4fca0009.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. Substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists with extremely prominent pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary\n artery hypertension. Some retrocardiac opacification is consistent with\n atelectasis or supervening pneumonia. There are small bilateral effusions\n with some atelectatic change at the right base."} {"question_id": 2336, "question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show any acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2337, "question": "Are the mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours unremarkable on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2338, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2339, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2340, "question": "Can a Bravo pH capsule be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53975458/cfb89eed-31e856eb-8dd16dc1-b7337ecf-1bec8801.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident. There has been interval placement of a\n Bravo pH capsule projecting in the expected location of the distal esophagus. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen."} {"question_id": 2341, "question": "Has there been some improvement in the aspiration pneumonia since the previous chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg", "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present."} {"question_id": 2342, "question": "Is there any new focal consolidation compared to the prior chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg", "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present."} {"question_id": 2343, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of persistent aspiration pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes (assuming that \"slight clearing\" implies residual disease).", "image": "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg", "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present."} {"question_id": 2344, "question": "Has the aspiration pneumonia completely resolved on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No (since the report mentions \"some clearing,\" implying that some pneumonia is still present).", "image": "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg", "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present."} {"question_id": 2345, "question": "Are there any new abnormalities noted on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s53512860/3e25d193-509147d7-b305908a-51e0da17-7cb23fda.jpg", "report": "impression: Some clearing of aspiration pneumonia. Findings: There has been slight clearing of the aspiration pneumonia since the prior\n chest x-ray of ___. No new foci are present."} {"question_id": 2346, "question": "Does the patient have any signs of acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2347, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2348, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2349, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2350, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/59a9547b-1d1ae94d-21f9b870-53488792-48240baa.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2351, "question": "Has there been any significant change in the appearance of the heart and lungs since the last study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2352, "question": "Following esophagoscopy, is there any evidence of mediastinal gas?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2353, "question": "Is there any indication of acute pneumonia post-esophagoscopy?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2354, "question": "Does the patient show signs of chronic lung disease in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "The report does not provide information on chronic lung disease, so the answer cannot be determined from the provided information. ", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2355, "question": "Is there any abnormality noted in the cardiomediastinal silhouette?\n", "answer": "The report does not explicitly mention an abnormal cardiomediastinal silhouette, so the implication is no, but the answer cannot be definitively determined from the provided information.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s53447402/11fac305-a3d8a8fe-cd1ad4a0-fc2a287f-0e061474.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs. Specifically, following esophagoscopy\n there is no evidence of mediastinal gas or acute pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2356, "question": "Has any acute intrathoracic abnormality been identified in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable."} {"question_id": 2357, "question": "Is there a lung nodule present on the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable."} {"question_id": 2358, "question": "Are the findings suggestive of aortic stenosis due to aortic annular calcifications?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable."} {"question_id": 2359, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable."} {"question_id": 2360, "question": "Have old healed rib fractures been observed in the patient's chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13881772/s59217830/959ee516-d090d9d5-a95977ac-303cdde2-c9309e8c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Hyperinflated lungs.\n \n 2. 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the anterior second right rib interspace,\n was not well seen on the prior exam. A CT may be helpful for further\n evaluation.\n \n 3. Extensive aortic annular calcifications raise concern for aortic stenosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n The lungs are hyperinflated, otherwise no focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia are identified. Mild left basilar linear atelectasis/ scarring is\n again seen. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Incidental note is\n made of a 9 mm lung nodule projecting over the right anterior second rib\n interspace. Aortic annular calcifications are again noted. Old healed left\n lower lobe rib fractures are stable."} {"question_id": 2361, "question": "Is there increased opacity in the right mid to lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib."} {"question_id": 2362, "question": "Could the increased opacity be due to infection or aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib."} {"question_id": 2363, "question": "Is it difficult to exclude a small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib."} {"question_id": 2364, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib."} {"question_id": 2365, "question": "Is there a chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11474065/s56896759/3b31865b-b41244e4-c46dbdca-c33ad6e4-3cca5768.jpg", "report": "impression: Increase in opacity at the right mid to lower lung is nonspecific, could be\n due to infection and/ or aspiration. Findings: Compared the prior study, there is increase in opacity at the right mid to\n lower lung difficult to exclude small left pleural effusion. Pneumonia\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Chronic deformity of the posterior right fourth rib."} {"question_id": 2366, "question": "Is the heart mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2367, "question": "Is there pulmonary vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2368, "question": "Is there a rounded opacity at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2369, "question": "Could the rounded opacity represent a pulmonary abscess?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2370, "question": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s54124205/37583135-5e94d264-ff4574d6-cdb16475-77c6bbe2.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mildly enlarged heart and pulmonary vascular engorgement, unchanged.\n 2. Rounded right basilar opacity may represent asymmetric edema, but other\n processes such as abscess cannot be excluded. At a minimum follow up with\n conventional PA/Lateral radiographs is recommended, ideally CT should be\n considered. Findings: A portable AP upright view of the chest was obtained. Again seen\n is a right-sided dialysis catheter terminating in the right atrium. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. A rounded opacity\n at the right base, present sicne ___, may represent asymmetric pulmonary\n edema, but other processes such as pulmonary abscess cannot be excluded. No\n large effusion, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2371, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal in size on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2372, "question": "Are the hilar and mediastinal contours abnormal? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2373, "question": "Is there mild atelectasis present at the right lung base? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2374, "question": "Is there a definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2375, "question": "Can a pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s55562335/cd202e14-5a239c8c-8bba8f71-28fcffad-3ee8715f.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are within normal limits. There is mild atelectasis at the right lung base. \n No definite focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2376, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable."} {"question_id": 2377, "question": "Is there an elevation of the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable."} {"question_id": 2378, "question": "Are there any clear signs of focal consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable."} {"question_id": 2379, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable."} {"question_id": 2380, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s57427881/495990a5-0e6c123d-d8810c65-d78d662c-7435a7d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No\n significant interval change. Findings: There are low lung volumes and persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable."} {"question_id": 2381, "question": "Does the patient show an increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2382, "question": "Could the increased interstitial markings be related to peribronchial thickening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2383, "question": "Is atypical infection completely ruled out by the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2384, "question": "Are there any signs of lobar consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2385, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s50641273/68bd5521-ca187f93-ae93cbe6-8bb8f491-3fb2dd0f.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight increase in interstitial markings in the left mid lung zone which may\n in part relate to peribronchial thickening although atypical infection not\n excluded. The remainder of the study is unchanged. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No lobar consolidation is\n seen. There is subtle increased interstitial markings in the left mid lung\n zone, with possible mild peribronchial thickening. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body."} {"question_id": 2386, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube terminating at the appropriate level above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present."} {"question_id": 2387, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube cuff noted to be hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present."} {"question_id": 2388, "question": "Does the patient have low lung volumes with signs of interstitial edema and central vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present."} {"question_id": 2389, "question": "Are there any rib fractures identified on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present."} {"question_id": 2390, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s51858688/c405b126-03d888ca-314564ad-3797a458-30e53586.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. ET tube terminating 1 cm above the carina. The endotracheal tube cuff is\n hyperinflated.\n 2. Unchanged appearance of low lung volumes with superimposed mild\n interstitial edema and central vascular congestion.\n 3. Orogastric tube terminating within the stomach.\n \n The initial findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with the ICU nurse, ___\n ___ via telephone at the time of interpretation, 2:25 p.m. on ___, Findings: The lungs remain underinflated, resulting in bronchovascular crowding. Again\n seen is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Multiple\n rib fractures are again seen. An endotracheal tube terminates 1 cm above the\n carina, and the ET tube cuff is hyperinflated. An orogastric tube terminates\n within the stomach. There is no pneumothorax. Small pleural effusions are\n present."} {"question_id": 2391, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size."} {"question_id": 2392, "question": "Have the lung volumes increased on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size."} {"question_id": 2393, "question": "Are there any opacities suggesting pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size."} {"question_id": 2394, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of normal size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size."} {"question_id": 2395, "question": "Are there any lung nodules or masses evident on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19800337/s51102831/66b7c679-c157c1f3-e9474f67-86d8cfd8-d63dd1f2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have increased, likely reflecting improved\n ventilation. No focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and\n mediastinal structures. No lung nodules or masses.\n \n Dating back to previous exams from ___, the left hilus has always\n been slightly rounder and denser than on the right. However, no pathologic\n contours are seen and the appearance of the hilus is unchanged with respect to\n size."} {"question_id": 2396, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2397, "question": "Is there round atelectasis noted, especially at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2398, "question": "Do the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear to have changed since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2399, "question": "Are the deshiscences among the sternal wires unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2400, "question": "Is there evidence of an acute process on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s56241369/67a32863-338f2899-5e526d84-2639d564-a2204b9b.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chronic abnormalities including bilateral moderate loculated pleural\n effusions and areas of round atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Deshiscences among\n sternal wires appear unchanged. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions appear\n stable a and seem to be due to chronic collections which were also\n characterized on prior CT with associated round atelectasis especially at the\n right lung base. There has been little if any change. Although there is no\n evidence of acute process should be noted that background abnormalities may\n lower the sensitivity of chest radiography."} {"question_id": 2401, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2402, "question": "Can midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2403, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2404, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the mediastinal and hilar silhouettes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2405, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16043240/s51640383/46f5be5f-70e3e741-542f6fde-edbbdbfe-a4ed00d6.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Note is made again of midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips, which are stable. Cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal and\n hilar silhouettes are normal. Lungs are clear with no pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2406, "question": "Is there any reaccumulation of pleural fluid on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg", "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC."} {"question_id": 2407, "question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax according to the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg", "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC."} {"question_id": 2408, "question": "Are the mediastinal and cardiac contours unremarkable on the radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg", "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC."} {"question_id": 2409, "question": "Is there improved aeration of the lung bases, especially on the right? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg", "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC."} {"question_id": 2410, "question": "Is the Dobbhoff tube's tip positioned in the mid stomach on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16319601/s59680684/2e87f158-0b24dcfb-c1faa72a-75f96efd-3e82f4c4.jpg", "report": "impression: No reaccumulation of pleural fluid or development of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal,\n hilar and cardiac contours. There is improved aeration of the lung bases\n particularly on the right. No reaccumulation of pleural effusions or\n development of pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen with tip in the mid\n stomach. left-sided PICC line tip terminates in the distal SVC."} {"question_id": 2411, "question": "Has the patient recently undergone a lobectomy of the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2412, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2413, "question": "Is the left upper lobe more aerated compared to the previous day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2414, "question": "Are there any significant abnormalities noted in the right lung?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2415, "question": "Is there residual basilar atelectasis present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12530259/s53558787/1f903004-c567af33-c9cd797b-5d2e4942-f23b2ed3.jpg", "report": "impression: Patient with recent left lower lobe lobectomy. Aeration and edema of\n remaining left upper lung has improved. Findings: ET tube ends 4.5 cm above carina. NG tube is in the stomach, and left jugular\n line ends in upper SVC. There is no pneumothorax, and left chest tube is in\n unchanged position in upper hemithorax. Left upper lobe that was collapsed\n yesterday is more aerated and left lung pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved. There is some residual small basilar atelectasis and small pleural\n effusion, if any. Mild subcutaneous air has improved. Right lung is\n unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2416, "question": "Are there new opacities in the bibasilar regions since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen."} {"question_id": 2417, "question": "Is the increased opacity in the right lung suggestive of infection or aspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen."} {"question_id": 2418, "question": "Are the post-radiation changes in the right paratracheal region visible on the current exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen."} {"question_id": 2419, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable when compared to previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen."} {"question_id": 2420, "question": "Is there a subtle opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s59790228/dadf469d-f8a75d8f-24e452d6-a7394bb7-ace0708c.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar right greater than left opacities, new since prior,\n which could represent infection or potentially aspiration. No other change\n since prior. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. There is increased opacity in\n the right lung, particularly projecting over the base. Right lung base nodule\n is less well seen on the current exam, potentially projectional, and adequate\n comparison for interval change is not possible on this exam. Post-radiation\n changes are again seen in the right paratracheal region. There is also subtle\n opacity at the left lung base in the retrocardiac region. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Bridging of\n the posterior right ___ and 7th ribs are again seen."} {"question_id": 2421, "question": "Does the patient have unchanged atelectatic changes compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2422, "question": "Are acute cardiothoracic processes present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2423, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2424, "question": "Can pulmonary edema be seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2425, "question": "Are there chronic right rib fractures visible on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d5aa0315-53869b6c-10151e97-c12a5f0f-d369e178.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2426, "question": "Has the patient shown improved inspiration compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2427, "question": "Is the heart abnormally sized?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2428, "question": "Are there any indications of vascular congestion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2429, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2430, "question": "Can acute focal pneumonia be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s57784780/278ebde6-e46251bd-4f894b8e-3ea1ab66-cbea5d97.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2431, "question": "Is there a new opacity in the right mid/lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2432, "question": "Are the lungs clear elsewhere apart from the right mid/lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2433, "question": "Is there any layering pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2434, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2435, "question": "Are there multiple vascular stents noted in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/5732623e-81224052-0d0743d5-220e58d4-18365982.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 2436, "question": "Does the patient have an opacity in the region of the lingula?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2437, "question": "Is the likely diagnosis for the opacity cryptogenic organizing pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2438, "question": "Are there additional foci of consolidation present besides the one in the lingula?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2439, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2440, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s58955981/0cda206a-b37c9416-30863ff0-63268f49-76c60c1d.jpg", "report": "impression: Lingular opacity likely representing a residual focus of cryptogenic\n organizing pneumonia. Recommend followup chest radiograph in ___ months\n following treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is opacity seen in the region of the lingula, corresponding to the\n consolidation seen on the prior chest CT. Given the patient's symptoms and\n history of a lingular infiltrate, this most likely represents a residual area\n of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. No additional foci of consolidation are\n noted. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2441, "question": "Are the atelectatic changes unchanged compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2442, "question": "Is there evidence of an acute cardiothoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2443, "question": "Is there a mild enlargement of the heart present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2444, "question": "Are signs of pulmonary edema present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2445, "question": "Are there chronic fractures in the right ribs visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57605154/d41d33f4-a726cd71-186c6cd2-c223bd2f-69f4ff76.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged atelectatic changes. No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: Again seen are bibasilar and right perihilar atelectatic changes, similar\n compared to ___ and also seen on the CT abdomen and pelvis from ___. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion, but no\n pulmonary edema. Tortuous vessels widen the uppper mediastinum. Chronic right\n rib fractures."} {"question_id": 2446, "question": "Has the patient been intubated since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated."} {"question_id": 2447, "question": "Is the tip of the endotracheal tube positioned appropriately above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated."} {"question_id": 2448, "question": "Is there a nasogastric tube present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated."} {"question_id": 2449, "question": "Is there an increased atelectatic opacity at the right lung base compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated."} {"question_id": 2450, "question": "Is there a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus suggesting a need for bronchoscopic evaluation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s57844625/ae38c715-8eeb617e-ad8ab0a9-9f23fdef-9e43fccf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.8 cm above the carina.\n The patient has also received a nasogastric tube. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube is not visible on the current image. The\n right internal jugular vein catheter is in unchanged position.\n \n The atelectatic opacity at the right lung base is slightly increasing. There\n also is a disruption in the air column of the right main bronchus, so that\n bronchoscopic evaluation or clearance of potentially present mucus might be\n indicated."} {"question_id": 2451, "question": "Does the patient have atelectasis at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous."} {"question_id": 2452, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous."} {"question_id": 2453, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette indicative of borderline cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous."} {"question_id": 2454, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated, suggestive of COPD?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous."} {"question_id": 2455, "question": "Is a known granuloma present within the left upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53971934/fa62fc78-9b66c0fd-aa7ee648-8b82e0fc-b0e5c0d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Atelectasis at right lung base with no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette demonstrates borderline\n cardiomegaly. Atelectasis is noted at the right lung base. There is no\n evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n diaphragms appear mildly flattened, and the lungs are hyperinflated,\n suggestive of COPD. Known granuloma is again noted within the left upper\n lobe. The aorta appears tortuous."} {"question_id": 2456, "question": "Has the pigtail catheter at the right base been removed since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2457, "question": "Is there still a moderate-sized pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2458, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax in the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2459, "question": "Are the chest tubes in place with their distal tips located at the right base and right apex?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2460, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette abnormal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13352405/s59616378/ad2bd086-921f17c8-b1dd649c-09b63b13-1c0ae6e7.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___.\n \n There are chest tubes with the distal tips at the right base and right apex. \n The previously seen pigtail catheter at the right base has been removed. \n There is a persistent moderate-sized right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2461, "question": "Does the patient have any acute intrathoracic abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality."} {"question_id": 2462, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality."} {"question_id": 2463, "question": "Has the patient undergone radiation therapy to the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality."} {"question_id": 2464, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality."} {"question_id": 2465, "question": "Are there any acute abnormalities in the visualized osseous structures?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s58409548/9961f085-b04f7f91-4556e341-26c1f4f0-28e741d3.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic\n radiation changes. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior study dated ___. There has been little interval change with no focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia identified. Lungs are hyperinflated. Patient is\n status post radiation therapy to the right lung. Previously seen right lower\n lung sub cm nodular opacity is not definitely visualized. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality."} {"question_id": 2466, "question": "Are the lung volumes observed to be low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms."} {"question_id": 2467, "question": "Is there any radiographic evidence for an acute process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms."} {"question_id": 2468, "question": "Is bibasilar atelectasis present in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms."} {"question_id": 2469, "question": "Can any pleural effusion or pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms."} {"question_id": 2470, "question": "Is there any evidence of free intraperitoneal air beneath the diaphragms?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13120957/s55681597/98fa0073-4a72a84a-07d17d1b-80f5bc40-e729e67e.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without radiographic evidence for acute process.\n Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Linear retrocardiac densities were seen previously and may represent\n atelectasis. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating pulmonary vasculature and\n hila. Heart and mediastinal contours appear similar compared to prior. There\n is no evidence for free intraperitoneal air below the diaphragms."} {"question_id": 2471, "question": "Are the findings of the chest X-ray consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels."} {"question_id": 2472, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels."} {"question_id": 2473, "question": "Has there been a substantial new opacity found in the right lower lobe since the very recent prior studies? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels."} {"question_id": 2474, "question": "Do the bones appear demineralized on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels."} {"question_id": 2475, "question": "Are there moderate degenerative changes noted along the lower thoracic levels? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s53964812/89318934-c9420a56-2169eec0-c8c097f7-8b4b07d6.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia in the right lower lobe. \n Depending on clinical circumstances, the possibility of aspiration could also\n be considered. Findings: T0he cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Since the very recent prior studies,\n there is a substantial new opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for\n pneumonia. The bones appear demineralized. There is mild-to-moderate\n rightward convex curvature again centered along the lower thoracic spine with\n incompletely characterized lumbar compression deformities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are again noted along lower thoracic levels."} {"question_id": 2476, "question": "Does the patient have mild cardiomegaly? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy."} {"question_id": 2477, "question": "Is there evidence of mild interstitial pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy."} {"question_id": 2478, "question": "Is there a vascular stent in the region of the right brachiocephalic vein?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy."} {"question_id": 2479, "question": "Have the ET and NG tubes been removed compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy."} {"question_id": 2480, "question": "Are there any signs of a large pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50952862/53a27018-b8c0b2a6-f17c28fb-36c7d96a-9f40c15f.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Vascular stent is seen in\n the region of the right brachiocephalic vein. The heart is moderately\n enlarged. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Previously noted ET and\n NG tubes have been removed. No large pleural effusion. Mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are sclerotic which could reflect renal\n osteodystrophy."} {"question_id": 2481, "question": "Are fibronodular changes observed in the upper zones of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2482, "question": "Are these fibronodular changes consistent with sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2483, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute focal pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2484, "question": "Can vascular congestion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2485, "question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14147787/s51143208/cd07db17-9e662fdb-84a7a802-661d6b7a-6538641e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are fibronodular changes\n again seen in the upper zones, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n sarcoidosis. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2486, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized."} {"question_id": 2487, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized."} {"question_id": 2488, "question": "Are there signs of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized."} {"question_id": 2489, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized."} {"question_id": 2490, "question": "Are there patchy opacities in the lower lobes that may suggest atelectasis or infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18978682/s54629839/677a589e-f87f5a2c-f4ad1883-f7df335b-db658aae.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild patchy opacities in the lung bases. \n This could reflect atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely excluded. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is normal. The aorta remains slightly tortuous with vascular\n calcifications noted. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n but no overt pulmonary edema is present. Patchy opacities in the lower lobes\n may reflect areas of developing infection or atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are again noted within the left axilla. \n Degenerative changes of both acromioclavicular joints are noted. Old\n right-sided rib deformities are visualized."} {"question_id": 2491, "question": "Is the NG tube tip positioned correctly within the stomach?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg", "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature."} {"question_id": 2492, "question": "Should the NG tube be advanced further before use?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg", "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature."} {"question_id": 2493, "question": "Was a single portable chest film obtained for this examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg", "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature."} {"question_id": 2494, "question": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg", "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature."} {"question_id": 2495, "question": "Is the pulmonary vasculature accentuated on the film?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s56291217/384cf52b-9692fbc2-b3a9f35b-7afe21a3-e935fdb1.jpg", "report": "impression: Replaced NG tube tip near the gastroesophageal junction. It\n should be advanced further into the stomach and a repeat film taken before\n use. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ ___ telephone at ___ on\n ___. Findings: A single portable chest film was obtained. A tip of a newly placed\n NG tube is now seen around the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Lung\n volumes are low, accentuating the pulmonary vasculature."} {"question_id": 2496, "question": "Has there been an increase in the size of the right pleural effusion since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2497, "question": "Is there complete atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2498, "question": "Is there a concern for bronchial obstruction based on the X-ray findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2499, "question": "Are the right upper lobe and left lung clear of any significant abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2500, "question": "Are there any signs indicating a change in the patient's heart size compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52356800/4ac816f0-20d6f585-6b55a743-653f83da-3490fb22.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval increase in right pleural effusion with complete\n atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial\n obstruction.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 4:55pm, ___ min after discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate interval increase in\n size of right pleural effusion, along with complete atelectasis of the right\n middle and lower lobes, raising concern for bronchial obstruction. The right\n upper lobe and left lung are grossly clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires and post-surgical changes associated with aortic valve\n replacement are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2501, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute cardiopulmonary process? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged."} {"question_id": 2502, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged."} {"question_id": 2503, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged."} {"question_id": 2504, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged."} {"question_id": 2505, "question": "Is the heart size described as top normal to mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s50227249/c462d814-c520caef-649ccd0c-e754aafa-4e59889d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n Mediastinal contours are stable. The hila are less prominent likely due to\n decrease in previous mild fluid overload. The heart is top normal to mildly\n enlarged."} {"question_id": 2506, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 2507, "question": "Is there evidence of improving atelectasis in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 2508, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 2509, "question": "Can a small left pleural effusion be seen on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 2510, "question": "Have the subtle linear opacities in the left costophrenic angle resolved completely?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/201ac57d-bf4004d7-41445e4a-91f50e03-e786df90.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 2511, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema resolved since the prior examination? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2512, "question": "Are there moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2513, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation within the visualized upper lobes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2514, "question": "Can the heart size be clearly assessed from the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2515, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s58737609/bf3ca23d-9ae54a6f-679d2476-6eb17d30-ee3cf5ee.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the prior pulmonary edema, with stable moderate to\n large bilateral pleural effusions. No evidence of focal consolidation within\n the visualized upper lobes. Findings: The examination is somewhat limited by low lung volumes. Redemonstrated are\n moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions. As compared to the prior\n examination, there has been resolution of the pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is not well assessed,\n but appears to be at least mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2516, "question": "Has a nasogastric tube been placed since the prior study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base."} {"question_id": 2517, "question": "Is the distal tip of the nasogastric tube positioned below the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base."} {"question_id": 2518, "question": "Is there evidence of persistent cardiomegaly on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base."} {"question_id": 2519, "question": "Does the patient have a left retrocardiac opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base."} {"question_id": 2520, "question": "Is there an indication of pulmonary edema from the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s58267855/95efb462-e05c1ac9-3c5319d6-bafdcede-df6db042.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed two hours earlier.\n \n Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, whose distal tip and sideport are\n below the gastroesophageal junction. Endotracheal tube and right IJ central\n line are in unchanged position. There is persistent cardiomegaly. There is a\n left retrocardiac opacity. There is prominence of the pulmonary vascular\n markings, consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is some atelectasis at\n the left lung base."} {"question_id": 2521, "question": "Has the aeration of the lung apices improved since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact."} {"question_id": 2522, "question": "Are there extensive bilateral dense consolidations present at the bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact."} {"question_id": 2523, "question": "Is TRALI or ARDS more likely than pneumonia as an etiology for the patient's condition based on the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact."} {"question_id": 2524, "question": "Is there any evidence of a new abnormality of the heart or mediastinum?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact."} {"question_id": 2525, "question": "Is a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15378103/s57432088/e18e6623-ee725070-b05a75c1-a11fea0c-9d3f0868.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the apices since ___. Extensive\n bilateral dense consolidations remain at the bases. Given rapid improvement,\n TRALI or ARDS are more likely etiologies than pneumonia. Findings: A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained. \n Aeration of the lungs has improved since ___. In particular the\n apices are better aerated. Persistent alveolar opacity remains in a bibasilar\n predominance. Small right effusion, if any, is unchanged. There is no new\n abnormality of the heart or mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax or\n consolidation. An endotracheal tube remains in the upper airway. An enteric\n catheter extends inferiorly out of field of view. Right-sided PICC line tip\n terminates in the low SVC. Pacemaker leads are in unchanged positions. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact."} {"question_id": 2526, "question": "Does the patient have mild interstitial pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___."} {"question_id": 2527, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___."} {"question_id": 2528, "question": "Is a left ventricular pacemaker device present and are the leads appropriately positioned?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___."} {"question_id": 2529, "question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___."} {"question_id": 2530, "question": "Is there linear atelectasis at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11928692/s55947318/df66e950-78bfa09d-ccc14e43-193ef713-3c2bd5a4.jpg", "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial pulmonary edema along with\n mild cardiomegaly and linear atelectasis at the left lung base. No evidence\n of acute pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Left ventricular pacemaker device is again\n noted with appropriately positioned right atrial and right ventricular leads. \n Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___. Mild pulmonary venous\n congestion with cephalization and predominantly perihilar opacities consistent\n with mild interstitial pulmonary edema appears similar to chest radiograph of\n ___. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is linear atelectasis at the left lung base, similar to the prior\n examination. Loss of height of a upper mid thoracic vertebral body is\n unchanged compared to ___."} {"question_id": 2531, "question": "Are the pulmonary nodules potentially indicative of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2532, "question": "Is there subsegmental atelectasis present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2533, "question": "Are there possible small bilateral pleural effusions noted?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2534, "question": "Could the increased opacity in the right mid lung suggest pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2535, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s59839373/2c64848d-cd007bfa-b3e2c794-d206cd7b-26b4ec95.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Incompletely characterized known pulmonary nodules concerning for\n malignancy.\n \n 2. Unchanged subsegmental basilar atelectasis and possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions.\n \n 3. Increased opacity in the right mid lung may reflect pneumonia or possibly\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Findings: Known heterogeneous consolidation in the\n left mid lung is not well seen on this single frontal view. Additional known\n nodules are also not well characterized on this radiographic examination. \n Linear opacities in the lung bases are similar compared to prior and likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. \n Increased attenuation in the right mid-lung could reflect pneumonia or\n asymmetric pulmonary edema. Mild blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles is unchanged and possibly due to small effusions or chronic pleural\n thickening. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2536, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased in size since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2537, "question": "Does the left pleural effusion occupy about half of the left hemithorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2538, "question": "Is there substantial basal atelectasis associated with the left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2539, "question": "Is there a new pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2540, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia in the ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s51235553/222087fc-b3297c5c-72502065-cf9f3e90-6839efc7.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing left\n pleural effusion has massively increased in extent. The effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax and causes substantial basal\n atelectasis.\n \n On the right, a small-to-moderate pleural effusion has newly occurred. In the\n ventilated parts of the lung parenchyma, there is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2541, "question": "Does the right pleural effusion layer on the lateral images? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2542, "question": "Is there evidence of loculation within the right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2543, "question": "Is there an increase in atelectasis compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2544, "question": "Is the atelectasis adjacent to the area of the pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2545, "question": "Is the pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/ca72c0af-97077c68-1cf042a0-d9128e34-f775403e.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2546, "question": "Has the size of the small right pleural effusion decreased since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen."} {"question_id": 2547, "question": "Is the patient's heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen."} {"question_id": 2548, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen."} {"question_id": 2549, "question": "Does the left lung appear clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen."} {"question_id": 2550, "question": "Is there any new bone abnormality noted compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11204646/s55611611/a4849658-ce9b054b-b59e436d-df3b5ab8-80025982.jpg", "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of small right pleural effusion with mild right\n basilar atelectasis. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to patient rotation. The heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Mediastinal widening is unchanged compared to\n the prior studies. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Small right pleural\n effusion has decreased in the interval. Left lung is clear. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the right lung. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is seen."} {"question_id": 2551, "question": "Is the mediastinal contour stable and not widened?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2552, "question": "Do the lungs appear hyperinflated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2553, "question": "Is there a calcific focus present in the left mid chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2554, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2555, "question": "Does the patient show signs of diffuse osteopenia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15612622/s50093776/d3ecfa7f-1a24312c-7a107e83-9ee0345c-edfe5bc0.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mediastinal contour which is not widened. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. 7-mm calcific focus in the left mid chest is stable. \n Cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Minimal lingular atelectasis is seen. There is also mild biapical pleural\n thickening. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are stable and do not appear widened. \n There is diffuse osteopenia."} {"question_id": 2556, "question": "Is there an increased right pleural effusion noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2557, "question": "Is the Port-A-Cath in its expected position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2558, "question": "Does the patient have a right pleural drain in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2559, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2560, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s58248722/ef34a791-15321a3d-aa9eca93-84157fc9-6fccd907.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased right pleural loculated effusion with chest tube in\n place. Increasing consolidation in the right lung is concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath is\n unchanged in position with its tip positioned in the expected location of the\n mid SVC. A right pleural drain is in place with increased opacity in the\n right lung and probable increase in size of the loculated right pleural\n effusion. Findings are concerning for a superimposed consolidation/pneumonia.\n The left lung remains essentially clear. The heart is difficult to assess\n given the effacement of the right heart border. The prominence of the\n mediastinum may reflect in part adjacent loculated pleural fluid. No\n pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2561, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen."} {"question_id": 2562, "question": "Are the lungs free of focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen."} {"question_id": 2563, "question": "Is there evidence of heart enlargement on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen."} {"question_id": 2564, "question": "Can a right upper extremity vascular stent be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen."} {"question_id": 2565, "question": "Are multiple thoracic compression deformities present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s54655485/69392c89-8fa3a6e8-6c3bc53f-f09b09e2-a33a44e3.jpg", "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is enlarged, similar to\n prior. Right upper extremity vascular stent is partially visualized. \n Multiple thoracic compression deformities are again seen."} {"question_id": 2566, "question": "Does the patient have mild interstitial pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2567, "question": "Is there evidence of massive cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2568, "question": "Are small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2569, "question": "Has there been an increase in interstitial opacities compared to previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2570, "question": "Is there any sign of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12963531/s59505688/5757b72f-454a5bc3-efa625b3-859d88b2-a2bd2112.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Massive cardiomegaly, not significantly changed.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The heart\n is massively enlarged, as before. Small bilateral pleural effusions are not\n significantly changed. Diffuse interstitial opacities with perihilar\n predominance are likely secondary to mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n increased compared to radiographs from ___. No focal\n consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2571, "question": "Is there an opacity present near the left hilum of the lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen."} {"question_id": 2572, "question": "Have the fiducial seeds noted on the left side changed in size since the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen."} {"question_id": 2573, "question": "Is there any new focal consolidation present on this study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen."} {"question_id": 2574, "question": "Does the report suggest the patient has a central venous catheter in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen."} {"question_id": 2575, "question": "Is there any evidence of acute changes in the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12145137/s54100996/070b58a0-da9b8080-6eeeaf5a-46226e7b-2f9453fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Left suprahilar opacity and fiducial seeds are again seen, although\n appears slightly less prominent/small in size, although as mentioned on the\n prior study, could be further evaluated by chest CT or PET-CT.\n 2. Right hilum appears slightly more prominent as compared to the prior\n study, which may be due to patient positioning, although increased right hilar\n lymphadenopathy is not excluded. Findings: AP portable view of the chest is obtained. Previously seen left\n juxtahilar opacity lateral to the fiducial seeds has decreased in size and\n persists since the prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen.There is\n prominence of the right hilum which is slightly increased since the prior\n study, which may relate to patient positioning, although underlying increased\n lymphadenopathy cannot be excluded. A left subclavian central venous catheter\n is again seen, unchanged in position. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. Chronic right chest wall deformity again seen."} {"question_id": 2576, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine."} {"question_id": 2577, "question": "Is there mild pulmonary vascular congestion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine."} {"question_id": 2578, "question": "Can pulmonary nodules be evaluated on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No. (The nodules are better appreciated on a CT scan as per the report.)", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine."} {"question_id": 2579, "question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine."} {"question_id": 2580, "question": "Are there degenerative changes noted along the spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19844485/s53788698/f2075bc9-3c92d658-0f36d71a-9df38119-d2fafe13.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Pulmonary\n nodules documented on CT from ___ are better appreciated on that study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac silhouette\n mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine."} {"question_id": 2581, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2582, "question": "Has the size of the left pleural effusion increased?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2583, "question": "Is the cardiomegaly described as moderate and stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2584, "question": "Are there any ET or NG tubes in place?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2585, "question": "Are the calcified left lung nodules described as unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s57910301/e3ee1499-119d0bc0-6cddf725-9d2d60d8-d34f9fc7.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Increased small left pleural effusion.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The ET and NG tubes have been removed. A right PICC line terminates in the low\n SVC. Calcified left lung nodules are unchanged. The lungs are otherwise\n clear except for left basilar atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion has\n developed. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2586, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2587, "question": "Is the heart size mildly enlarged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2588, "question": "Are there calcified granulomas in the left upper lung field? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2589, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2590, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53158507/352f1f90-b49aaf35-a359c107-f209944e-a4814903.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Please note that Chest CTA is recommended\n if there is a concern for pulmonary embolism. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. Calcified granulomas are noted within the left upper lung\n field. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. There are small bilateral pleural effusions,\n best seen on the lateral view. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2591, "question": "Is the patient rotated in the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg", "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded."} {"question_id": 2592, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg", "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded."} {"question_id": 2593, "question": "Is the enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable when compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg", "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded."} {"question_id": 2594, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg", "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded."} {"question_id": 2595, "question": "Is there evidence of interstitial edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s52930189/00f1a123-51de83f7-4d563a12-f705f4f0-4683b4eb.jpg", "report": "Patient is rotated slightly to the right. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly stable as compared to the prior study. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Interstitial prominence suggests interstitial edema. Left\n retrocardiac opacity is seen which may be due to combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, although focal consolidation is not excluded."} {"question_id": 2596, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal in size on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical."} {"question_id": 2597, "question": "Are the mediastinal and hilar contours abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical."} {"question_id": 2598, "question": "Is there evidence of an engorged pulmonary vasculature?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical."} {"question_id": 2599, "question": "Are there any indications of pneumonia present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical."} {"question_id": 2600, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion or pneumothorax based on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s56024784/4bb967c3-58f8c025-777fd624-8d104e92-18a9526a.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The lungs are well expanded and well aerated without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected. Mild biapical pleural thickening is symmetrical."} {"question_id": 2601, "question": "Does the patient have pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 2602, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 2603, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 2604, "question": "Have there been any interval changes since the last imaging?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 2605, "question": "Are there any signs of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s57663243/940ed972-9b210254-8ce47743-d277b7b7-d440de02.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, small bilateral pleural effusions, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen as well as persistent pulmonary edema. Stable mild\n cardiomegaly noted. No interval changes are seen."} {"question_id": 2606, "question": "Has there been a change compared to the previous radiograph regarding the right pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2607, "question": "Does the right pleural effusion appear to be layering on the lateral images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2608, "question": "Is the right pleural effusion consistent with loculation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2609, "question": "Is there an increase in atelectasis adjacent to the pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2610, "question": "Are there any new findings on the lateral images not present on the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes (assuming the loculated effusion and increased atelectasis are new findings).", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/d7a25de4-e2d563e2-93017e5e-4127bd89-0d081f33.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2611, "question": "Is there a new nodular opacity in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg", "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy."} {"question_id": 2612, "question": "Is the nodular opacity likely related to metastatic disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg", "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy."} {"question_id": 2613, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg", "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy."} {"question_id": 2614, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg", "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy."} {"question_id": 2615, "question": "Are surgical clips present in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14794396/s54917064/bbeb5006-95cd0d0e-263c6445-ee37f7f9-a48dd6ab.jpg", "report": "impression: New nodular opacity in the right upper lobe, concerning for\n metastatic disease, less likely infection in this patient with known history\n of RCC. A chest CT is recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. In comparison to the prior study, a nodular opacity in the right\n upper lobe measuring approximately 13 mm, is new. The left lung appears\n relatively clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax\n is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Surgical clips are seen\n in the left paraspinal region in the abdomen, consistent with prior\n nephrectomy."} {"question_id": 2616, "question": "Has a hemodialysis catheter been placed since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg", "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2617, "question": "Does the hemodialysis catheter extend into the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg", "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2618, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices unchanged from the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg", "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2619, "question": "Is there an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg", "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2620, "question": "Are there probable bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s56201710/58742345-8a241152-4b4d44c2-4b3196da-324efa44.jpg", "report": "Compared with the study of ___, there has been placement of a\n hemodialysis catheter that extends into the right atrium. The other\n monitoring and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with some elevation of pulmonary venous\n pressure. Probable bilateral pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 2621, "question": "Has there been any improvement in the interstitial pulmonary edema since the prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized."} {"question_id": 2622, "question": "Are there any large pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized."} {"question_id": 2623, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized."} {"question_id": 2624, "question": "Is there cardiomegaly present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized."} {"question_id": 2625, "question": "Can median sternotomy wires be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13896515/s58373469/f1324f6e-a72d0eb7-dbe2b51f-8da51dcb-822e61dc.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: As compared to the prior radiograph performed yesterday morning, there has\n been slight interval improvement in extent of interstitial pulmonary edema.\n There are no large pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. Persistent\n moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in visualized."} {"question_id": 2626, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary process according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 2627, "question": "Are the lungs free of consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 2628, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable in configuration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 2629, "question": "Is there a vascular coronary stent present in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 2630, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19549821/s55593187/318e2d2a-cd564b66-987b939f-2b0ded80-8fc82ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in configuration. Vascular coronary stent is also noted.Nodular\n opacity projecting over the right mid lung laterally is compatible with\n callous from prior rib fracture. Chronic changes noted at the proximal left\n humerus suggestive of prior trauma. No acute osseous abnormality detected."} {"question_id": 2631, "question": "Is the heart size presented as moderately enlarged on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2632, "question": "Has the heart size changed since the previous X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2633, "question": "Are there any indications of pulmonary edema or pneumonia on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2634, "question": "Is the aorta showing a tortuous course on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2635, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19731864/s52033279/dc1a93ef-539208d4-97e94a0c-0081a869-6bf2996a.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderately enlarged heart size, stable since ___. No\n findings concerning for pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Enlarged heart size is stable since ___. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Aorta is tortuous in course, unchanged in\n appearance. There are no lung opacities concerning for pulmonary\n edema/pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2636, "question": "Are the chest findings stable compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area."} {"question_id": 2637, "question": "Is there evidence of new acute pulmonary infectious processes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area."} {"question_id": 2638, "question": "Is the heart size unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area."} {"question_id": 2639, "question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area."} {"question_id": 2640, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present in the apical area?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s56918682/a5d858a3-f180454b-311e1427-1b70d6f0-3d95426d.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of new acute pulmonary\n infectious process that could account for unexplained leukocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The chest findings are completely stable,\n and there is no evidence of new pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates that could\n represent a pneumonia. Heart size is also unchanged, and no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pleural effusion exists. No pneumothorax in\n the apical area."} {"question_id": 2641, "question": "Is there a small right apical pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg", "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable."} {"question_id": 2642, "question": "Has the ET tube been removed prior to this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg", "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable."} {"question_id": 2643, "question": "Is there subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg", "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable."} {"question_id": 2644, "question": "Are the hazy opacities in the right hemithorax new findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg", "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable."} {"question_id": 2645, "question": "Is there any significant change in the subcutaneous emphysema when compared to previous examinations?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17112432/s57935403/f05b9731-d6bf3b29-6197f242-4cc974a3-fe0f5b56.jpg", "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone on\n ___ at 10:40 a.m., time of discovery 10:35 a.m. Findings: Comparison is made to prior examination of ___. The ET\n tube has been removed. A small right apical pneumothorax is identified. \n There is a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema in the right supraclavicular\n region in the neck, which is not significantly changed. Again noted are hazy\n opacities in the right hemithorax and these are stable."} {"question_id": 2646, "question": "Is there evidence of acute disease on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear."} {"question_id": 2647, "question": "Is the nodular focus on the right lower lung likely to be a nipple shadow?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear."} {"question_id": 2648, "question": "Is a repeat PA view with nipple markers recommended?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear."} {"question_id": 2649, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear."} {"question_id": 2650, "question": "Are the lung fields clear aside from the nodular focus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15182529/s56993533/c3827619-5b104baa-e1895045-007f9978-837ef55e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Newly apparent nodular focus projecting along the right lower lung,\n probably a nipple shadow, although a pulmonary nodule should be considered. \n When clinically appropriate, repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aortic arch is calcified. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is a nodular focus projecting over the right lower\n lung, probably a nipple shadow, although not visualized on prior radiographs. \n Otherwise the lung fields appear clear."} {"question_id": 2651, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased in size since the prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2652, "question": "Are there any new opacities suggesting aspiration?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2653, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette unchanged despite the patient's rotation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2654, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion on the right side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2655, "question": "Has there been any change in the left pulmonary mass?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15185305/s50281752/97766a6d-6ee96b98-90cacba0-3eb50d93-77416ad1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1) Slight increase in size of small left pleural effusion. \n 2) No new opacities to suggest aspiration. Findings: A feeding tube is seen within the stomach. Accounting for the\n positional differences due to patient's rotation, there has been no change in\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable calcification of the aortic knob is\n noted. Since the prior radiograph, there has been a slight increase in size\n of the left pleural effusion. There is no effusion on the right. The left\n pulmonary mass is unchanged. There is no new consolidation. Stable right\n lower rib fractures are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2656, "question": "Has the left internal jugular vein catheter been removed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2657, "question": "Does the patient still have a nasogastric tube in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2658, "question": "Is there any change in the size of the cardiac silhouette compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2659, "question": "Is there an area of atelectasis at the left lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2660, "question": "Is there any new evidence of pneumonia since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58826933/9c51d1ec-858c08f3-1185729c-961916ad-9628d6b8.jpg", "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. \n The left internal jugular vein catheter has been removed, the nasogastric tube\n remains in place. Unchanged borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n minimal fluid overload. An area of atelectasis at the left lung bases is\n constant. There is no evidence of interval appearance of pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2661, "question": "Has a new left internal jugular central venous catheter been placed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change."} {"question_id": 2662, "question": "Does the central venous catheter terminate in the left brachiocephalic vein?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change."} {"question_id": 2663, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax following the catheter placement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change."} {"question_id": 2664, "question": "Are there any significant changes compared to previous imaging?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change."} {"question_id": 2665, "question": "Is the central venous catheter positioned in the superior vena cava?\n", "answer": "No. (Based on the report stating it terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein).", "image": "p16/p16508811/s51274564/ee20ed6a-2dc0af0c-24d33cf6-5386e01a-c281e8c5.jpg", "report": "impression: Status post placement of new left internal jugular central venous catheter; no\n pneumothorax identified. Findings: A new central venous catheter terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n There is no pneumothorax. Otherwise, there has been no significant short-term\n change."} {"question_id": 2666, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show persistent diffuse interstitial abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg", "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2667, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg", "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2668, "question": "Are there any focal areas of consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg", "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2669, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg", "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2670, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12303667/s56230969/9ed98f0d-44106851-df647480-672d93ed-95426753.jpg", "report": "impression: Peristent diffuse interstitial abnormalies. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: A frontal and lateral view of the chest demonstrate a diffuse interstitial\n abnormality. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2671, "question": "Has there been a slight decrease in the bilateral pleural effusions compared to the prior study from yesterday?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 2672, "question": "Are post-surgical changes observed within the esophagus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 2673, "question": "Is the right pleural effusion greater than the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 2674, "question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette remained stable since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 2675, "question": "Are there any focal consolidations or pneumothoraces present in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16848073/s51780481/943eea27-fbd84e49-bf38a522-5020d59e-0c6c7541.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight decrease in bilateral pleural effusions with otherwise\n stable post-changes in comparison to prior study from yesterday. Findings: Post-surgical changes are again noted within the esophagus. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are noted, right greater than left, and appear\n slightly decreased in comparison to prior study from yesterday. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stable. The lungs are without any focal\n consolidations or pneumothoraces."} {"question_id": 2676, "question": "Are the lung volumes slightly low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2677, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2678, "question": "Is there mild cardiomegaly present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2679, "question": "Can any focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia be seen?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2680, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/ccb23713-fc3403f9-ed87ad5d-f67a8be5-b4067886.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2681, "question": "Is there evidence of acute disease on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 2682, "question": "Does the patient have severe pulmonary fibrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 2683, "question": "Is there a Port-A-Cath present that terminates in the upper right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 2684, "question": "Are there signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 2685, "question": "Have the lung volumes been reported as normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10439781/s56925922/2883541d-6a242b68-0838ecc7-5cd20cbf-133ec77b.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Severe pulmonary fibrosis, not\n significantly changed. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper right atrium. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. Fine reticulation associated\n with pulmonary fibrosis appears very similar within each lung in extent and\n distribution with no significant superimposed change. The lung volumes are\n low. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple compression\n deformities including lower thoracic vertebroplasties appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 2686, "question": "Does the image suggest an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2687, "question": "Can any focal consolidation be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2688, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2689, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2690, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19748558/s53919021/6eaf56a0-ded30052-29edb3ad-20da2133-db0cf728.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified."} {"question_id": 2691, "question": "Is there an improvement in the right upper lobe consolidation compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2692, "question": "Is the patient showing signs of mild heart failure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2693, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of chronic lung disease, possibly sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2694, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2695, "question": "Does the patient have a tortuous aorta?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50290463/f576c221-e516f6b2-ee125faa-a1af8c31-ed2991b8.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Improving right upper lobe consolidation.\n 2. Mild heart failure.\n 3. Findings of chronic lung disease, most likely sarcoidosis. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lung volumes are\n low, similar to the prior study. The previously noted dense consolidation of\n the right upper lobe has improved with diffuse streaky opacities remaining. \n There are findings consistent with chronic lung disease such as sarcoidosis. \n Prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings is due to mild heart\n failure. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta. Bones are slightly osteopenic."} {"question_id": 2696, "question": "Has there been a relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload."} {"question_id": 2697, "question": "Are there pleural effusions present on both sides?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload."} {"question_id": 2698, "question": "Is the pleural effusion greater on the right side than on the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload."} {"question_id": 2699, "question": "Has the patient been extubated since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload."} {"question_id": 2700, "question": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear to have changed in size?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11880923/s58606191/44c09f7b-0aed1234-2a1a02ab-3e91e954-54be38b1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Pleural effusions bilaterally, right more than left, the distribution\n of which has changed, but not their overall extent. In the interval, the\n patient has been extubated. The other monitoring and support devices remain\n in place. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged mild fluid\n overload."} {"question_id": 2701, "question": "Does the chest radiograph show the Dobbhoff tube in the correct position within the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen."} {"question_id": 2702, "question": "Is there a left internal jugular line present in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen."} {"question_id": 2703, "question": "Has the Swan Ganz catheter been removed since the last radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen."} {"question_id": 2704, "question": "Are there consolidations present in the left lung lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen."} {"question_id": 2705, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s57884279/320ec4bc-eb78eb77-b0088c51-9c38d6dc-d4677778.jpg", "report": "impression: Dobbhoff tube in nondistended stomach. Findings: Portable semi-erect AP chest radiograph demonstrates a Dobbhoff tube seen\n descending in an uncomplicated course and terminating in the stomach in\n appropriate position. A left internal jugular line is seen at the level of\n the mid to low superior vena cava. There has been interval removal of Swan\n Ganz catheter. There is re- demonstration of left lung consolidations within\n the lower and upper lobe which appear unchanged when compared to chest\n radiograph dated ___. The right lung is grossly unchanged. There\n is no pneumothorax identified. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable in appearance. An IVC filter is identified adjacent to the spine in\n the right mid abdomen."} {"question_id": 2706, "question": "Is there a large area of consolidation in the left lung suggestive of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2707, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2708, "question": "Is there a possibility of atelectasis at the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2709, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2710, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes showing any signs of instability or change?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s53183813/e07fa786-650ff653-81675db1-7d20a8f0-b4a5b8f3.jpg", "report": "impression: Large area of consolidation involving the left lung, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Recommend followup to resolution. Possible trace left pleural effusion.\n \n Right base opacity may be due to atelectasis, of additional site infection is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Left-sided consolidation involving the left upper lobes and possibly portions\n of the lingula and left lower lobe is seen. There is a trace left pleural\n effusion. Subtle opacity at the right lung base of is more likely due to\n atelectasis bone additional site of infection is not excluded. Prominence of\n the right hilum is stable. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2711, "question": "Does the patient have biapical thickening present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2712, "question": "Is there evidence of adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2713, "question": "Is the aorta tortuous on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2714, "question": "Is there mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2715, "question": "Is there any indication of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19914761/s52697084/2f9cc5fb-ee49a77d-61586888-9ea3d166-e27de7ba.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again biapical\n thickening and adjacent pulmonary parenchymal scarring with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia."} {"question_id": 2716, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any signs of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 2717, "question": "Is there evidence of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 2718, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 2719, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 2720, "question": "Is there free air below the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11924226/s56051681/6b93ec0b-b35a1d19-cbcefb65-297d04fe-ca31986d.jpg", "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative change in the mid thoracic spine noted on\n the lateral projection."} {"question_id": 2721, "question": "Are there any acute findings on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography."} {"question_id": 2722, "question": "Is there any evidence of heart enlargement?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography."} {"question_id": 2723, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography."} {"question_id": 2724, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography."} {"question_id": 2725, "question": "Is there a rib fracture visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19623993/s58679736/54b17fd5-2b9447fa-49e494d4-99a53410-c2e24e0b.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Heart size is normal. There is persistent aortic tortuosity. No rib\n fracture is detected, although sensitivity is low on routine chest\n radiography."} {"question_id": 2726, "question": "Is the right-sided chest tube still in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2727, "question": "Has the size of the small right pleural effusion increased?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2728, "question": "Is there any visible pneumothorax on the right side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2729, "question": "Has the bibasilar linear atelectasis worsened compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2730, "question": "Is there also a small pleural effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19389547/s57356552/85817777-b9158c6e-b0d376b5-d21f2744-f3a04234.jpg", "report": "Right-sided chest tube remains in place, with slight increase in\n size of a small right pleural effusion, but no visible pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar linear atelectasis has slightly worsened, and there is a persistent\n small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2731, "question": "Has the patient undergone a left upper lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 2732, "question": "Is there any evidence of an acute intrathoracic process on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 2733, "question": "Are there changes to the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours compared to previous images, not accounting for differences in technique and patient rotation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 2734, "question": "Is biapical scarring present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 2735, "question": "Is there any new pneumothorax or consolidation observed on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/ce354924-31b789c8-efd39b27-f2708902-84e7f064.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 2736, "question": "Are the endotracheal and enteric tubes positioned appropriately?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG."} {"question_id": 2737, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax associated with the left-sided IJ central venous catheter?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG."} {"question_id": 2738, "question": "Is there an opacity at the left base that could indicate a combination of collapse and pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG."} {"question_id": 2739, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG."} {"question_id": 2740, "question": "Has the patient undergone median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16334516/s53653168/c9028d9d-b5be82c7-94f4e115-fcd0cbb2-bdc86018.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes in appropriate position.\n 2. Interval placement of a left-sided IJ central venous catheter terminating\n in the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax.\n 3. Interval development of left base opacity, likely combination of left\n lower lobe collapse and pleural effusion. Increased perihilar opacities\n suggest pulmonary edema. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the level of the diaphragm,\n coiling in the stomach. There has been interval placement of an endotracheal\n tube, terminating approximately 3 cm above the level of the carina. A\n left-sided internal jugular central venous catheter has also been placed in\n the interval, terminating in the proximal SVC. There has been interval\n development of left lower lobe atelectasis with possible effusion. There is\n also increase in perihilar opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Scattered\n areas of linear opacity again seen due to scarring/atelectasis. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable. Again, the patient is status\n post median sternotomy and CABG."} {"question_id": 2741, "question": "Has there been an improvement in the pulmonary edema since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2742, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2743, "question": "Are there signs of atelectasis in the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2744, "question": "Does the patient have a cardiac pacer installed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2745, "question": "Is there evidence of massive cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12110863/s58379619/9d53d4d6-3495e14a-d2f6c5b0-333b5174-8b65e1ab.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval improved pulmonary edema. \n \n 2. Mildly increased small left pleural effusion and atelectasis admixed with\n chronic changes in the left lung base. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest demonstrate left pectoral cardiac pacer\n with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Massive\n cardiomegaly is similar as before. Low lung volumes are unchanged. There is\n interval improvement of previously mild interstitial edema. Streaky\n retrocardiac opacities may be a combination of a chronic changes and\n subsegmental atelectasis. There is likely a small left pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 2746, "question": "Have the lung volumes slightly increased compared to the previous radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus."} {"question_id": 2747, "question": "Have the pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities decreased in extent and severity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus."} {"question_id": 2748, "question": "Are the remaining opacities now predominating in the upper lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus."} {"question_id": 2749, "question": "Are there any newly appeared opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus."} {"question_id": 2750, "question": "Has the left internal jugular vein catheter been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s59885828/ec78e0b4-c858f616-11d4e328-ff8d6f90-4a6acef0.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased. The pre-existing, predominantly perihilar opacities have\n substantially decreased in extent and severity. The remaining opacities are\n now predominating in the upper lobes and are located around the upper aspects\n of the left and right hilus.\n \n No newly appeared opacities. The left internal jugular vein catheter has been\n removed, the lateral radiograph shows evidence of a small left effusion,\n obliterating the dorsal aspects of the costophrenic sinus."} {"question_id": 2751, "question": "Is there a small left-sided hydropneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2752, "question": "Is there a 13 mm nodule in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2753, "question": "Is the 13 mm right lower lobe nodule certainly a pulmonary parenchymal nodule?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2754, "question": "Are there signs of confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2755, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433421/s55644325/00791688-1fab1483-c2c6bc65-78567732-ff0cf7cc.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Concern for small left-sided hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology.\n 2. 13 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. Differential includes nipple\n shadow, osseous lesion, or pulmonary parenchymal nodule. Followup radiographs\n with oblique projections and nipple markers could be considered. \n Alternatively, CT of the chest could also be performed for further\n characterization of the left-sided pleural process and the right lower lobe\n nodule.\n 3. No confluent consolidation or pulmonary edema.\n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 6:03 pm\n ___ ___ by telephone. Findings: There is blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle correlating with effusion better appreciated on the lateral projection. \n Additionally, there is an ovoid lucent area in the retrocardiac region on the\n frontal projection seen anteriorly on the lateral projection suggesting a\n hydropneumothorax of uncertain etiology. The left lung appears clear without\n focal nodule, mass, or consolidation. In the right lung base is a small\n nodule measuring 13 mm which may reflect a nipple shadow or alternatively a\n pulmonary parenchymal nodule or osseous lesion. The remainder of the lungs\n appear clear. No overt pulmonary edema or vascular congestion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits."} {"question_id": 2756, "question": "Has the pulmonary vascular congestion worsened since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2757, "question": "Is there severe cardiomegaly present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2758, "question": "Can a left subclavian vascular stent be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2759, "question": "Is there any fluid noted within the minor fissure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2760, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s50319774/2626edcd-3f9f9f05-089bb9fa-c8ba4148-efad5e91.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. A left subclavian vascular stent is re-\n demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is pulmonary\n vascular congestion,slightly worse in the interval. A small amount of fluid\n is noted within the minor fissure. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is demonstrated."} {"question_id": 2761, "question": "Are there bibasilar consolidations present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2762, "question": "Could the bibasilar consolidations be indicative of atelectasis or pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2763, "question": "Is there a new lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm that could suggest intra-abdominal free air?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2764, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2765, "question": "Is the position of the right-sided PICC line and AICD unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s58585557/036272e9-9052e7c2-444e59fd-86a7f36d-9dfe191a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar consolidations may represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. New lucency beneath the right hemidiaphragm is concerning for\n intra-abdominal free air. Clinical correlation recommended. Additional\n evaluation could be performed with repeat upright radiograph or left lateral\n decubitus radiograph. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar consolidations may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is a new lucency\n beneath the right hemidiaphragm concerning for intra-abdominal free air.\n Right-sided PICC line and to the mid SVC. Unchanged position of the AICD. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2766, "question": "Is there any radiologic evidence of new pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2767, "question": "Has the right lower lobe pneumonia present in prior exams improved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2768, "question": "Is the esophageal stent still in the same position as before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2769, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2770, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s55157144/405581ff-6e5fc337-04c3cddc-f4b5bffe-992dd6f7.jpg", "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of new pneumonia. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe pneumonia that was present in\n prior exams has significantly improved. Esophageal stent is in unchanged\n position. There is no pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2771, "question": "Does the patient have any evidence of acute disease on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex."} {"question_id": 2772, "question": "Are the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appearing normal and unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex."} {"question_id": 2773, "question": "Do the lungs appear clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex."} {"question_id": 2774, "question": "Is there any indication of pleural effusions or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex."} {"question_id": 2775, "question": "Is there a vascular stent visible within the right brachiocephalic vein on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s50906117/3f80bbda-1c82f45d-788d2535-2c56bc02-94651d15.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. A\n vascular stent, presumably within the right brachiocephalic vein, again\n projects over the medial right lung apex."} {"question_id": 2776, "question": "Has a new hemodialysis (HD) catheter been placed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg", "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2777, "question": "Are there prominent perihilar vascular markings visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg", "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2778, "question": "Is there a nodule present in the left upper lobe on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No (Answer based on report stating \"a true nodule difficult to exclude,\" which suggests uncertainty rather than confirmation of a nodule).", "image": "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg", "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2779, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg", "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2780, "question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette changed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s50112134/277f62f5-617ece32-531a87ea-d1f6b703-578157ce.jpg", "report": "impression: New HD catheter in place. Prominent perihilar vascular markings with subtle\n nodularity in the left upper lobe requiring CT on a nonemergent basis to\n further assess. Small left pleural effusion with basal atelectasis. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right central dialysis catheter. \n Bilateral hilar vascular prominence is re- demonstrated with subtle nodularity\n in the left upper lung likely representing confluence of vasculature though a\n true nodule difficult to exclude. There is no convincing sign of pneumonia or\n overt edema. Small left effusion is present with basilar atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2781, "question": "Has the patient undergone coronary artery bypass surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg", "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema."} {"question_id": 2782, "question": "Is there an ICD in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg", "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema."} {"question_id": 2783, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg", "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema."} {"question_id": 2784, "question": "Are new patchy opacities present in the left lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg", "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema."} {"question_id": 2785, "question": "Is there a definite diagnosis for the basilar opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16059470/s57952807/2b0c69d6-c2dc4934-db59e90a-2e58d454-ee26f72e.jpg", "report": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass\n surgery. ICD remains in place as well as a right PICC. Cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Persistent patchy right basilar opacity and new patchy left lower lobe opacity\n as well as a persistent linear area of atelectasis in the left lower lobe. \n The etiology of the basilar opacities is uncertain, but could represent\n aspiration, infectious pneumonia, or a dependent distribution of edema in the\n setting of known upper lobe predominant emphysema."} {"question_id": 2786, "question": "Does the patient have probable lobar pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2787, "question": "Is there a large focal consolidation in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2788, "question": "Is there associated moderate pleural fluid on the right side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2789, "question": "Are the findings consistent with heart failure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2790, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16826047/s55960520/33ecbdf2-35c3aa31-e848a7b9-a49131b4-0690b4a3.jpg", "report": "impression: Probable lobar pneumonia involving the right lower lobe and\n possibly the right middle lobe with associated parapneumonic effusion. \n Findings consistent with heart failure.\n \n Findings were communicated by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ by phone at 11:11 a.m.\n on ___. Findings: There is a large focal consolidation involving the right lower lobe\n which may also involve the right middle lobe with associated moderate pleural\n fluid on the right side, all of which are new findings since the prior study\n ___ ___. There is increased pulmonary vascular engorgement from the prior\n study and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged as seen on the prior study but\n increased in size. No pneumothorax is seen. A right-sided port is unchanged\n in position with the tip terminating in the low SVC. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable."} {"question_id": 2791, "question": "Does the patient have right upper lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted."} {"question_id": 2792, "question": "Has the patient undergone median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted."} {"question_id": 2793, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted."} {"question_id": 2794, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted."} {"question_id": 2795, "question": "Are there degenerative changes in the left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19150427/s53412826/ebcd934a-fe1838dd-2918f535-1a7560c9-be5e9ab2.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and vascular stenting.\n Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n similar with mild unfolding of thoracic aorta. New consolidative process is\n noted within the right upper lobe compatible with pneumonia. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Small pleural effusion on the right is\n present. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes involving the\n left glenohumeral and bilateral acromioclavicular joints are noted."} {"question_id": 2796, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2797, "question": "Have the pleural effusions increased since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2798, "question": "Is there any definite sign of pneumonia seen on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2799, "question": "Is the heart size considered stable based on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2800, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17669276/s58317281/137c9581-82049ac3-2bce7676-8032c119-9845711c.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, mildly increased from prior. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph obtained. Midline sternotomy\n wires are again noted. There are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, slightly\n increased from prior exam. There is no definite sign of pneumonia or overt\n CHF. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour is widened reflecting an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. Bony structures appear intact."} {"question_id": 2801, "question": "Is there any significant change in the heart and lungs compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality."} {"question_id": 2802, "question": "Is there evidence of acute focal pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality."} {"question_id": 2803, "question": "Are there atelectatic changes at the left base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality."} {"question_id": 2804, "question": "Is there subcutaneous gas along the chest walls?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality."} {"question_id": 2805, "question": "Was the finding of subcutaneous gas also present in the prior study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17770657/s53115889/13a5d3b6-8cf4d79a-807319e4-1292cd55-39f57349.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Continued hyperexpansion without\n evidence of acute focal pneumonia, though there are atelectatic changes at the\n left base.\n \n There is subcutaneous gas along the chest walls bilaterally that was not\n appreciated on the prior study. This information was telephoned to the nurse\n in the ICU taking care of the patient on ___ at 950 upon noticing the\n abnormality."} {"question_id": 2806, "question": "Is this chest X-ray a limited study due to the patient's body habitus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2807, "question": "Does the report suggest the presence of moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2808, "question": "Are small bilateral pleural effusions possibly present according to the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2809, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette markedly enlarged on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2810, "question": "Can a gross pneumothorax be seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s58324748/c8591b84-dfb9bd0c-54f0a9f4-e5258ccd-4fec4b57.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited study due to body habitus. There are low lung volumes\n which result in bronchovascular crowding, but beyond that there is likely\n moderate pulmonary edema presumably cardiogenic in etiology. There may also\n be small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As similar to multiple prior exams, there is a relative hazy\n density in the bilateral hilar regions with pulmonary vascular indistinctness.\n The hemidiaphragms are not well defined. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n markedly enlarged with widening superiorly and an enlarged cardiac silhouette\n inferiorly. The patient's chin overlies the lung apices, limiting the\n evaluation. No gross pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 2811, "question": "Is there any acute intrathoracic process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 2812, "question": "Are the bilateral interstitial markings indicative of chronic lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 2813, "question": "Are there any new areas of focal consolidation or pleural effusions compared to previous exams?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 2814, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 2815, "question": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications be seen in the coronary arteries on the lateral view?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/5037ce6f-1b5a2beb-cefbe169-b7e53cbf-427eaf91.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 2816, "question": "Are there any acute findings in the chest?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 2817, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 2818, "question": "Are multiple pacer wires present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 2819, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumonia or CHF (congestive heart failure)?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 2820, "question": "Is there a large effusion or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s55525523/4c51a119-6f346625-6da3ca60-c048486b-db7e21e6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable mild cardiomegaly. \n Multiple pacer wires are unchanged in position. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph is obtained. A left chest\n wall pacer device is again seen with lead tips extending into the right atrium\n and ventricle. Abandoned pacing leads are also seen in the right chest wall,\n extending into the right heart, not significantly changed. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. The lungs appear clear without definite signs of pneumonia\n or CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The overall\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact."} {"question_id": 2821, "question": "Is there increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 2822, "question": "Are the bilateral pleural effusions more prominent on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 2823, "question": "Is there a possibility of progression of malignancy indicated by the right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 2824, "question": "Does the patient have a dual-lead left-sided AICD in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 2825, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s51807934/1a3a93cb-fcff8a20-d84a6c00-5a46ada4-2a5d437a.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increased nodular opacity in the medial right apex/right suprahilar region\n underlying fiducial seeds, worrisome for progression of malignancy.\n 2. Bilateral left greater than right pleural effusion, which is likely\n loculated at least on the left.\n 3. Right infrahilar streaky opacity may relate to prior surgery/chronic\n changes but more acute component not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The right costophrenic angle is not\n fully included on the image. There are bilateral pleural effusions, which may\n be at least partially loculated.\n \n Right upper lobe/suprahilar opacity underlying fiducial seed has increased\n since the prior study, raising concern for progression of malignancy. Streaky\n right infrahilar opacity underlying chain sutures, may relate to chronic\n changes, although appears to have increased since the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable."} {"question_id": 2826, "question": "Is there evidence of increasing pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2827, "question": "Has the size of the moderate right pleural effusion increased?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2828, "question": "Is there a possibility of right lower lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2829, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2830, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15094735/s57678258/cff0405e-7c684aeb-122051b9-dec202c9-1dfbb41e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Increasing pulmonary edema and enlargement of the moderate right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Possible right lower lobe pneumonia is unchanged. Findings: A right internal jugular hemodialysis catheter ends in the right\n atrium. The size of the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal. \n Sternal wires are intact. A moderate right pleural effusion is slightly\n bigger. There has been slight increase in the pulmonary edema. Opacification\n at the right base persists and may be a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2831, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 2832, "question": "Is there evidence of right basilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 2833, "question": "Does the patient exhibit cardiomegaly and interstitial edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 2834, "question": "Has the patient undergone median sternotomy and valve surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 2835, "question": "Is there a catheter in the left internal jugular vein?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s50903895/b8d216b3-7f16e10d-72147640-2fd8511c-7da23725.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Small right pleural effusion with adjacent right basilar atelectasis.\n \n 2. Cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic and\n tricuspid valve surgery. Stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contours. \n Persistent interstitial edema. Patchy and linear bibasilar atelectasis is\n also demonstrated as well as a small right pleural effusion. Left internal\n jugular catheter remains in place within the left superior vena cava."} {"question_id": 2836, "question": "Does the patient exhibit moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC."} {"question_id": 2837, "question": "Is there an increased small left pleural effusion compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC."} {"question_id": 2838, "question": "Is there any evidence of a right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC."} {"question_id": 2839, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC."} {"question_id": 2840, "question": "Is the patient's cardiomegaly considered stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15131736/s58318333/947ce661-ea81059f-7da8d1e6-033e612e-ba93f7fd.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary edema with stable moderate cardiomegaly and increased\n small left pleural effusion.\n 2. In order to exclude pneumonia a repeat PA and lateral chest radiograph\n once the edema has resolved should be considered as current underlying\n parenchymal disease limits evaluation.\n 3. A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is progression\n of severe vascular engorgement with peribronchial cuffing as well as bilateral\n perihilar opacities with interval increase in small left pleural effusion. No\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable.\n \n A right PICC tip is seen at least up to the low SVC."} {"question_id": 2841, "question": "Does the NG tube extend below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2842, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2843, "question": "Is the pulmonary vascular congestion on the X-ray stable compared to previous exams?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2844, "question": "Are there any new focal consolidations present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2845, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax evident on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s58406467/ef578547-4e4219db-c1753821-922ec956-1d6e6770.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube extends below the diaphragm into the fundus of the stomach. Findings: The NG tube extends inferiorly beyond the diaphragm into the fundus\n of the stomach. Again seen is moderate cardiomegaly. The pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable. There are no new focal consolidations. The fissural\n loculation of pleural fluid along the left chest wall has not changed compared\n to the prior exam. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2846, "question": "Do the ICD leads terminate in the right atrium and ventricle? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg", "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged."} {"question_id": 2847, "question": "Is there any evidence of bleeding or pneumothorax on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg", "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged."} {"question_id": 2848, "question": "Are the pacer defibrillator leads in the standard position? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg", "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged."} {"question_id": 2849, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or mediastinal widening present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg", "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged."} {"question_id": 2850, "question": "Is the heart enlarged on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12475198/s59735543/c1badb19-12851ca1-44ca7736-fc1a9f08-bd287f01.jpg", "report": "impression: ICD leads end in the right atrium and right ventricle. No evidence of bleeding\n or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a transsubclavian right\n atrial and ventricular pacer defibrillator leads in standard position with no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or mediastinal widening. Lung volumes remain\n low. The heart is stably enlarged."} {"question_id": 2851, "question": "Are the small left and right pleural effusions stable compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable."} {"question_id": 2852, "question": "Is there a heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe that could indicate developing pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable."} {"question_id": 2853, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present with leads in the proper position?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable."} {"question_id": 2854, "question": "Are chain sutures present along the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable."} {"question_id": 2855, "question": "Has there been any change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette compared to prior studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13067703/s59507972/f0a48678-0a70e80e-79ea26dd-2a4ca8bb-03aaebc1.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable small loculated left and small right pleural effusions.\n 2. Heterogeneous opacity in the left lower lobe may be representative of\n developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Dual-lead left-sided pacemaker terminates with leads in the proper\n position. Chain sutures along the right lung base are again noted and appear\n stable.\n \n Again visualized is a loculated small left pleural effusion as well as a small\n right pleural effusion, appearing stable in comparison to prior study. There\n is a new confluent patchy opacity in left lower lobe in comparison to the\n prior study, which may be representative of developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette remains\n stable. The visualized osseous structures are stable."} {"question_id": 2856, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2857, "question": "Is there mild cardiomegaly present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2858, "question": "Are the lung volumes decreased compared to the expected size?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2859, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation suggesting pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2860, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be observed on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s57120452/b7013a8b-6c5dab19-f07b823e-d65d3507-a7548d2f.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, as before, with persistent mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia is identified. There is no pneumothorax. A metallic right\n subclavian vein stent is unchanged."} {"question_id": 2861, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary abnormality?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint."} {"question_id": 2862, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint."} {"question_id": 2863, "question": "Are there any abnormal mediastinal or hilar contours?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint."} {"question_id": 2864, "question": "Are the scattered calcifications within the upper lung fields indicative of active disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint."} {"question_id": 2865, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s53060980/2094ddf3-2348835f-2f468a2c-493f4e64-1b4ef954.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Scattered calcifications\n within the upper lung fields bilaterally likely reflect the sequela of prior\n granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is likely minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are demonstrated. There are mild degenerative\n changes of the thoracic spine as well as within the imaged left AC joint."} {"question_id": 2866, "question": "Has a new left basilar opacity been identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg", "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2867, "question": "Is the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appearance unchanged from previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg", "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2868, "question": "Are the lung volumes observed to be low on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg", "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2869, "question": "Is the patchy left basilar opacity indicative of a possible pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg", "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2870, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothorax present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12074041/s52874646/af39d55c-0622bc39-b9865798-29ff5a61-eb7cfb93.jpg", "report": "impression: New left basilar opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. The\n lung volumes are low. There is a patchy left basilar opacity obscuring the\n cardiac border and apex of the left hemidiaphragm, worrisome for pneumonia. \n Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2871, "question": "Has there been any significant interval change since the last X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 2872, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes showing stability? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 2873, "question": "Are the hilar contours stable on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 2874, "question": "Is there evidence of possible minimal central vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 2875, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any new abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18767957/s56233609/9c67a2e3-68620391-2e5a5578-0433f757-1eba00c6.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: There has been no significant interval change. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable with possible minimal\n central vascular engorgement."} {"question_id": 2876, "question": "Is there a rounded opacity in the left mid lung field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg", "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 2877, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg", "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 2878, "question": "Are there any other areas of focal consolidation besides the nodular area in the left mid lung field?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg", "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 2879, "question": "Is there evidence of a healed fracture on the left 8th rib?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg", "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 2880, "question": "Are there signs of ingested pills within the bowel on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s51293673/4b64a5b1-add48a29-703a757c-e888cd6b-4684205e.jpg", "report": "impression: Rounded opacity in the left mid lung field, possibly reflecting an area of\n infection. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Nodular area of opacification in the left\n mid lung field was not clearly demonstrated on the prior radiograph. No other\n areas of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax are\n demonstrated. Healed fracture of the left 8th rib is seen, superior to the\n left nipple shadow. Numerous radiopaque circular ovoid structures are seen\n within the upper abdomen, likely reflecting ingested pills within the bowel. \n Clips are noted in the upper abdomen related to prior cholecystectomy."} {"question_id": 2881, "question": "Has the quality of the examination been limited due to extremely low lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present."} {"question_id": 2882, "question": "Is the left diaphragm elevated on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present."} {"question_id": 2883, "question": "Are there any clear signs of an acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present."} {"question_id": 2884, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette clearly visible on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present."} {"question_id": 2885, "question": "Are there any definite pleural effusions identified in this report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s57273388/38c65a6d-f4aef98f-d9b4f8fc-37878bd1-8cf123a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Limited examination due to extremely low lung volumes. Elevated\n left diaphragm is unchanged. No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are extremely low in volume but appear\n clear. The cardiac silhouette is obscured by an elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n unchanged. The hilar contours and pleural surfaces appear normal. No\n definite pleural effusions are present."} {"question_id": 2886, "question": "Has there been reaccumulation of pleural fluid at the right base since the last study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2887, "question": "Is there underlying compressive atelectasis at the right base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2888, "question": "Was there an apparent thoracentesis performed prior to the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2889, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2890, "question": "Are the heart and the remainder of the lungs unchanged compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12658295/s57053848/32a7d189-41a4b4a2-2cbe2e58-67f6823b-94d7cb9b.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been reaccumulation of\n pleural fluid at the right base with underlying compressive atelectasis\n following apparent thoracentesis. No evidence of pneumothorax. The remainder\n of the heart and lungs are unchanged."} {"question_id": 2891, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present."} {"question_id": 2892, "question": "Is the heart size enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present."} {"question_id": 2893, "question": "Is there an improvement in the mild pulmonary vascular congestion from the previous exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present."} {"question_id": 2894, "question": "Does the retrocardiac region show streaky opacity suggestive of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present."} {"question_id": 2895, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16672854/s57752575/3478fd3c-a34b3e6d-0a9a1cf3-726cb9cd-ec1381aa.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable and unchanged. \n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is improved compared to the previous exam. \n Retrocardiac streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Blunting of the\n right costophrenic sulcus suggests that there may be a trace pleural effusion.\n No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral\n joint with joint space narrowing and osteophytic spurring is present."} {"question_id": 2896, "question": "Does the patient have increased opacity at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study."} {"question_id": 2897, "question": "Is there associated volume loss at the left lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study."} {"question_id": 2898, "question": "Could the increased right suprahilar opacity indicate airspace disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study."} {"question_id": 2899, "question": "Is there a small amount of right pleural fluid present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study."} {"question_id": 2900, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16855430/s54844091/d5fa9e5f-25744b5d-edd68a9c-806bfe8e-e7e0b542.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left basilar and right upper lung opacity could reflect\n developing pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is increased opacity at the left lung base, with associated volume loss.\n This could represent worsening of effusion and atelectasis, though developing\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Additional increasec opacity in the right\n suprahilar region may reflect additional focus of airspace disease. \n Elsewhere, the lungs remain well aerated. A small amount of right pleural\n fluid is present. Heart size is persistenly enalrged. There is pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without frank edema, which is little changed from prior\n study."} {"question_id": 2901, "question": "Is the patient's chest tube still in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2902, "question": "Has a pneumothorax developed since the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2903, "question": "Are there increased pleural densities compared to the earlier study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2904, "question": "Has the right-sided chest wall emphysema improved since the earlier report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2905, "question": "Are there any new abnormalities in the left-sided hemithorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19991135/s59381316/d122eb74-bc404dd2-45a05cd3-18505b72-5058fbdd.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n four hours earlier during the same day. The previously described right-sided\n chest tube remains in unchanged position. No pneumothorax has developed and\n there is no evidence of significantly increased pleural densities during this\n interval. The right-sided chest wall emphysema described earlier has\n regressed. No new abnormalities are seen. Left-sided hemithorax is\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2906, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema worsened compared to the recent exam? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 2907, "question": "Are low lung volumes noted on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 2908, "question": "Are the increased interstitial markings worse than before? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 2909, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 2910, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s55610892/e2639104-28411e18-bfafdd6f-8f7fed3a-0801198b.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema is slightly worse than on recent exam. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted. There are however persistently increased\n interstitial markings which appear slightly progressed compared to prior. \n There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged, as on prior.\n Left subclavian stent is again seen."} {"question_id": 2911, "question": "Is there a large right hilar lung mass present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 2912, "question": "Is radiation fibrosis associated with the lung mass?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 2913, "question": "Could there be post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 2914, "question": "Is there a new left retrocardiac opacity on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 2915, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12433541/s54729238/7e1f323f-a2ad8df6-c4803950-58e8a9d6-7058b48e.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Large right hilar lung mass and radiation fibrosis. Additional\n post-obstructive pneumonia in the right upper and lower lobes is possible but\n hard to delineate.\n 2. New left retrocardiac opacity, small left effusion, and pleural\n thickening.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___, RN, via telephone at ___ and\n again with Dr ___ at ___. Findings: An extensive right hilar lung mass is associated with radiation\n fibrosis, better delineated on CT ___. An additional component of\n postobstructive pneumonia may be present. Retrocardiac opacity, left pleural\n effusion, and left plueral thickening are also new. No pneumothorax is\n present."} {"question_id": 2916, "question": "Does the patient have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with leads in the right atrium and right ventricle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 2917, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 2918, "question": "Is there a right PICC line that ends in the upper SVC?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 2919, "question": "Are there any signs of a pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 2920, "question": "Can the nodule in the right upper lung be clearly evaluated on this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17763117/s53418217/acddfc4f-6bf56983-900fa34f-f650d62f-a30c95af.jpg", "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n patient is rotated. The left pectoral ICD leads end in the expected locations\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact wires. A right PICC ends in the upper SVC. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Opacity at the right\n cardiophrenic angle corresponds to mediastinal fat on CT ___. Aortic\n knob calcifications are noted. There is pulmonary vascular engorgement and\n mild cardiomegaly. \n \n A nodule in the right upper lung is not well visualized on this study and is\n better evaluated on chest CT ___. Multiple calcified granulomas are\n noted."} {"question_id": 2921, "question": "Does the patient show evidence of pulmonary congestion?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 2922, "question": "Are there any acute parenchymal infiltrates observed in the patient's lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 2923, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 2924, "question": "Are there any signs of congested pulmonary vasculature?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 2925, "question": "Compared to the previous study, is there any significant interval change in the chest findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17257913/s57420525/614cf968-41dc136f-73eb6d42-6b73032b-e0dde637.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no evidence of pulmonary congestion or\n acute parenchymal infiltrates in this patient with history of cough. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. Heart size is normal. Relatively\n wide mediastinal and cardiac contours are compatible with previously on CT\n documented mediastinal lipomatosis. Accessible aortic contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute\n or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior\n pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly\n unremarkable. In comparison with the next preceding study, no significant\n interval change can be identified. Prominence of soft tissue structures\n surrounding the skeletal structures of the thorax are indicative of rather\n advanced adiposity."} {"question_id": 2926, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2927, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2928, "question": "Are there patchy opacities in the lung bases suggestive of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2929, "question": "Is there a small left pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2930, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13979643/s52481248/c6264595-96860b66-fd1dfa5b-4697f3ba-214d913a.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and small left pleural\n effusion. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion, with small amount of fluid seen within the fissures. \n Additionally, patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. \n A small left pleural effusion is relatively unchanged compared to prior. No\n new areas of focal consolidation are present. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2931, "question": "Does the patient have any acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen."} {"question_id": 2932, "question": "Is the patchy opacity in the right lower lobe seen on the previous CT scan visible on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen."} {"question_id": 2933, "question": "Are the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen."} {"question_id": 2934, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen."} {"question_id": 2935, "question": "Can cervical spinal fusion hardware be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15114531/s53595850/5d38b235-8992ecec-2b630078-d290f396-00fdf5db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Of note, the patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on prior CT is not visualized on the current radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs appear clear. The previously noted patchy opacity within the\n right lower lobe seen on CT is not well visualized on the current exam. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion hardware\n is partially imaged. Several clips are noted within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen."} {"question_id": 2936, "question": "Has the endotracheal tube been removed since the prior study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study."} {"question_id": 2937, "question": "Is there a right-sided IJ catheter in place with its tip at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study."} {"question_id": 2938, "question": "Is there evidence of volume loss on the left side of the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study."} {"question_id": 2939, "question": "Are there any pneumothoraces present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study."} {"question_id": 2940, "question": "Is the left-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis a new finding compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19454978/s52312858/93681764-ec39480e-0518b12c-199850c2-f15118ab.jpg", "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study from ___ at\n 4:16 a.m.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube. There is a right-sided IJ\n catheter with distal lead tip at the cavoatrial junction. There is again seen\n some volume loss on the left side. There are no pneumothoraces. There is\n likely a left-sided pleural effusion as well as atelectasis. This is stable\n from the prior study."} {"question_id": 2941, "question": "Has the patient received a right internal jugular vein catheter since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification."} {"question_id": 2942, "question": "Is there any evidence of complications from the catheter placement, such as pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification."} {"question_id": 2943, "question": "Has mild pulmonary edema developed since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification."} {"question_id": 2944, "question": "Is the known opacity at the lateral aspects of the left hemithorax still present without change?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification."} {"question_id": 2945, "question": "Is the nasogastric tube in the same position as it was in the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18906643/s53157312/f461329d-d6c1fb63-1dbb6294-4837e58c-53a0b617.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right internal jugular vein catheter. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complication.\n \n In the interval, mild pulmonary edema has developed. The known opacity at the\n lateral aspects of the left hemithorax is constant. Constant position of the\n nasogastric tube and of the sternal wires. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 8:54 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for\n notification."} {"question_id": 2946, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2947, "question": "Are there signs of focal consolidation on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2948, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2949, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal size limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2950, "question": "Is there any evidence of free air below the right hemidiaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11052273/s59032183/9b4fdd07-1f45d8dc-4890ea49-e3f06306-639cb645.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n top-normal in size. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen."} {"question_id": 2951, "question": "Does the right pleural effusion show signs of loculation? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2952, "question": "Is there evidence of increased atelectasis when compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2953, "question": "Does the right pleural effusion layer on the lateral images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2954, "question": "Is the loculated effusion on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2955, "question": "Is the patient's condition unchanged from the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52399735/6b1b1903-9f343a6b-fe4ba346-dbe5a6fb-63338c26.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lateral images show\n that the right pleural effusion does not layer, which would be consistent with\n loculation. Also, there is an increase in adjacent atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2956, "question": "Does the chest X-ray image show any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2957, "question": "Is focal consolidation present on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2958, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion evident on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2959, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2960, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes remarkable in any way on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14312560/s55983006/8385af08-8516e6ef-1401e3b8-75199f0d-5e5877e1.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable."} {"question_id": 2961, "question": "Is there still evidence of a right-sided hydropneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted."} {"question_id": 2962, "question": "Has the right lung achieved complete reexpansion according to the report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted."} {"question_id": 2963, "question": "Is there a significant mediastinal shift noted on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted."} {"question_id": 2964, "question": "Are the mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours described as unremarkable in the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted."} {"question_id": 2965, "question": "Is there any atelectasis observed in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14387068/s50296389/20cbc0cc-b3c8cc7c-20ac42e1-24561590-cdc9f748.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving right hydropneumothorax with right lower lung\n opacifications, atelectasis versus edema are likely. Findings: There is a decreased though persistent right-sided\n hydropneumothorax with interval incomplete reexpansion of the right lung. No\n significant mediastinal shift identified with unremarkable mediastinal, hilar,\n and cardiac contours. Right lower lung opacifications may reflect combination\n of reexpansion edema and atelectasis. Minimal left lung atelectasis noted."} {"question_id": 2966, "question": "Has the patient been intubated since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions."} {"question_id": 2967, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube appropriately placed above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions."} {"question_id": 2968, "question": "Can the tip of the nasogastric tube be seen on the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions."} {"question_id": 2969, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions."} {"question_id": 2970, "question": "Are there any new parenchymal opacities compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11906222/s55124994/a7b100cd-08c2be2d-a32c2dac-020c1d75-1bd5b887.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 3.7 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube is\n unremarkable, the tip of the tube does not display on the image.\n \n The ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the left subclavian access line are\n unchanged.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The lung\n volumes are increased, with subsequent decrease in severity and extent of a\n pre-existing right basal medial parenchymal opacity. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities, unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. No pleural\n effusions."} {"question_id": 2971, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 2972, "question": "Are the lungs clear without any signs of consolidation, effusion, or edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 2973, "question": "Is there a pacing device present on the left chest wall?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 2974, "question": "Can median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 2975, "question": "Are the prior endotracheal and enteric tubes still present in the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11540283/s58773579/456d62e4-2e673ffe-83ccc42f-f942c7fb-d5dbc58b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. Left\n chest wall single lead pacing device is noted. Mild cardiomegaly is noted.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are seen. Prior endotracheal and\n enteric tubes are no longer visualized."} {"question_id": 2976, "question": "Is there a right pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized."} {"question_id": 2977, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased in size compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized."} {"question_id": 2978, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized."} {"question_id": 2979, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized."} {"question_id": 2980, "question": "Are the cardiac and mediastinal contours clearly visualized on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10410641/s56031350/74ab0576-165250aa-5fedc1a0-3f75f2c6-9f87fa70.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable large right pleural effusion and increasing left pleural effusion. \n Feasibility of of thoracentesis would best be evaluated with decubitus films. \n Ultrasound guidance can also be considered. Findings: There is a right pleural effusion, the size of which is difficult\n to ascertain. There is unchanged bilateral lower lobe and right middle lobe\n collapse. The small left pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are not well visualized."} {"question_id": 2981, "question": "Are the lung volumes decreased compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2982, "question": "Is there volume loss in both lower lobes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2983, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2984, "question": "Is the right pleural effusion larger than the left?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2985, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s51592807/d7e9f055-751c8d65-66226fcf-da86917c-6f5082a5.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes are lower than on the prior study with volume loss in\n both lower lobes and bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. \n Underlying infectious infiltrate in the lower lobes cannot be excluded. \n Compared to the prior study, the pulmonary appearance in the lower lobes is\n worsened. Right-sided PICC line tip is in the SVC. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2986, "question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg", "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2987, "question": "Are the hilar and mediastinal contours appearing normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg", "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2988, "question": "Is there an abnormal appearance suggesting right middle lobe pneumonia on the frontal view?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg", "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2989, "question": "Is there a corresponding abnormality on the lateral view to confirm right middle lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg", "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2990, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56790426/010af5dc-c4d6194d-4922ccd6-543af1d7-30fa1a21.jpg", "report": "impression: Because the abnormal appearance of the right middle lobe is seen only on the\n frontal view, if clinical findings warrant suspicion of early pneumonia,\n follow up chest radiographs should be obtained. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Obscuration of the right heart border would ordinarily suggest right\n middle lobe pneumonia, but there is no corresponding abnormality on the\n lateral view, and lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 2991, "question": "Is the patient intubated as indicated on the chest X-ray image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes."} {"question_id": 2992, "question": "Does the endotracheal tube tip project approximately 6 cm above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes."} {"question_id": 2993, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes."} {"question_id": 2994, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show a moderately enlarged cardiac silhouette and signs of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes."} {"question_id": 2995, "question": "Are there new findings of both right and left pleural effusions and areas of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15393401/s52258598/b50c5a50-2713d6bf-b6a084a7-d2b96375-54cc29d2.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is intubated. \n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects approximately 6 cm above the carina.\n The patient also has a nasogastric tube, the tube could be slightly advanced,\n given that the sidehole is at the level of the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n As compared to the previous image, the size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n moderately enlarged and signs of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema are seen. A\n right and left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis has newly\n developed. No other parenchymal changes."} {"question_id": 2996, "question": "Do the frontal radiographs show diffuse bilateral lung opacities? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg", "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2997, "question": "Are the opacities most pronounced in the left upper lobe's perihilar region? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg", "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2998, "question": "Is congestive heart failure (CHF) a likely cause of the observed opacities? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg", "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis."} {"question_id": 2999, "question": "Is there a left retrocardiac opacity that likely represents atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg", "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3000, "question": "Are postdiuresis films recommended for further evaluation? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17206933/s57141526/09c510a6-55f47c1d-504f429b-f333cf7f-7ccf6ac6.jpg", "report": "Frontal radiograhs shows diffuse bilateral lung opacities, most\n pronounced in the left upper lobe in the perihilar region likely due to CHF,\n less likely multifocal PNA. Postdiuresis films should be obtained. Left\n retrocardiac opacity likely represents atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3001, "question": "Has there been any relevant change since the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 3002, "question": "Are the monitoring and support devices unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 3003, "question": "Is there evidence of moderate cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 3004, "question": "Are there findings suggestive of left and right basal atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 3005, "question": "Is there a new parenchymal opacity since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s52365850/ffd311aa-b1ad24f7-29b178ef-4423264a-d0298e46.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly with signs of mild fluid overload. Left and right basal\n atelectasis. Potential small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. No left\n pleural effusion. No interval appearance of new parenchymal opacities."} {"question_id": 3006, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 3007, "question": "Is there any free air visible under the diaphragm?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 3008, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 3009, "question": "Is there blunting of the right costophrenic angle that may suggest pleural thickening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 3010, "question": "Has the cardiomediastinal silhouette changed since the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12136799/s50323020/234b22c4-55fb91a9-44f7a42f-b764d462-018d3bb9.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free air. Findings: Single portable AP view of the chest is compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. There\n is, however, persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle, potentially\n due to pleural thickening especially in the setting of multiple prior healed\n right rib fractures. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No visualized\n free air below the diaphragm."} {"question_id": 3011, "question": "Has the patient taken a better inspiration compared to the previous study? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease."} {"question_id": 3012, "question": "Does the X-ray show persistent diffuse interstitial prominence? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease."} {"question_id": 3013, "question": "Is there an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease."} {"question_id": 3014, "question": "Could the findings suggest the presence of underlying pulmonary fibrosis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease."} {"question_id": 3015, "question": "Is it easy to exclude the possibility of supervening pneumonia in this patient? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16562430/s57161577/4bc65291-c131317d-d5517a48-0f7151d2-cd115f55.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n slightly better inspiration. Diffuse interstitial prominence persists in this\n patient with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, most likely representing a\n combination of underlying pulmonary fibrosis and elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure. In the appropriate setting, the possibility of supervening\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude given the substrate of diffuse\n pulmonary disease."} {"question_id": 3016, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis in the left base of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3017, "question": "Could the left basilar opacification potentially indicate pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3018, "question": "Has the patient undergone a sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3019, "question": "Is there a Port-A-Cath visible terminating at the cavoatrial junction?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3020, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s55108847/a8ad38e3-9a288818-536ed867-e22718fb-0d0833f5.jpg", "report": "impression: Persistent left basilar opacification, suspected to represent\n primarily atelectasis. However, the possibility of superimposed pneumonia\n could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting versus increased\n atelectasis associated with low lung volumes. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A Port-A-Cath terminates at\n the cavoatrial junction. The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. A\n calcified lymph node is seen along the aortopulmonary window. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours do not appear significantly changed. The lung\n volumes are low. There is persistent patchy opacification in the left lower\n lobe, which appears somewhat more dense and compressed, perhaps coinciding\n with differences in lung volumes rather than a true interval change however. \n In fact, left basilar opacities are more similar to ___, where\n lungs volumes were somewhat lower than on the more recent prior examination. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3021, "question": "Are there metastatic nodules present in both lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study."} {"question_id": 3022, "question": "Is there a consolidative process involving the right lower lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study."} {"question_id": 3023, "question": "Are pleural effusions associated with the abnormalities seen on the X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study."} {"question_id": 3024, "question": "Is it possible to exclude superimposed pneumonia based on the X-ray findings? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study."} {"question_id": 3025, "question": "Are the known metastatic lesions of the inferior scapula and the nondisplaced fracture of the right posterior eighth rib visible on this study? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19890786/s55594849/643571eb-5685abe0-5b2f161d-df5ebefa-6f160c6f.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are innumerable\n metastatic nodules involving both lungs with consolidative process involving\n the right lower lung, associated with pleural effusions. It would be\n impossible to exclude the possibility of superimposed pneumonia given the\n extensive underlying lung disease.\n \n The known metastatic lesions involving the inferior scapula and nondisplaced\n fracture of the right posterior eighth rib are not identified on this study."} {"question_id": 3026, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted."} {"question_id": 3027, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted."} {"question_id": 3028, "question": "Are the pacer leads positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted."} {"question_id": 3029, "question": "Are there any signs of lung consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted."} {"question_id": 3030, "question": "Can mild degenerative changes be seen in the bilateral acromio-clavicular joints?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s55421522/d918062a-d0a7bedc-45270789-08ad2dec-e2c2ca87.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Transvenous right atrial and right ventricular pacer leads appear\n in standard placement. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged\n but stable. The aorta appears somewhat tortuous with atherosclerotic\n calcifications. The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact.\n No acute fractures are identified. Mild bilateral acromio-clavicular\n degenerative changes are noted."} {"question_id": 3031, "question": "Are there hazy bibasilar opacities present on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3032, "question": "Is there evidence of new focal consolidation on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3033, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3034, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3035, "question": "Are the osseous structures appearing abnormal on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s56776331/ec2613ac-d859c02c-90a0d8c7-09a107c4-990690ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Hazy bibasilar opacities, likely the residua from recent prior\n infection greatly improved in appearance. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Residual hazy opacities persist at bilateral lung bases and inferior lingula\n from prior recent infection but are significantly improved from prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no new focal\n consolidation. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3036, "question": "Are there any acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities identified in this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine."} {"question_id": 3037, "question": "Are multiple calcified granulomas present in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine."} {"question_id": 3038, "question": "Is there any indication of focal consolidation on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine."} {"question_id": 3039, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine."} {"question_id": 3040, "question": "Are there degenerative changes noted along the spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16553329/s51229730/646e6ad9-a96531b8-9c145524-8d9eee31-45c942db.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Multiple\n calcified granulomas are noted throughout the lungs bilaterally and, unchanged\n since the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n and unremarkable. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine."} {"question_id": 3041, "question": "Has the patient undergone a left upper lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 3042, "question": "Is there any evidence of a new acute intrathoracic process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 3043, "question": "Are there changes in the cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 3044, "question": "Is biapical scarring present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 3045, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax observed on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10885696/s57959841/a7fdae9e-97d1a4d6-df3c7f40-29a51d88-39463d76.jpg", "report": "impression: Post left upper lobectomy changes, with no superimposed acute\n intrathoracic process detected. Findings: The patient is status post\n left upper lobectomy, with expected persistent left lung volume loss and shift\n of mediastinal structures. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are\n unchanged, allowing for differences in technique and rotation of the patient. \n Biapical scarring is again seen. There is no pneumothorax or new\n consolidation."} {"question_id": 3046, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal."} {"question_id": 3047, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal."} {"question_id": 3048, "question": "Is there any lobar consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal."} {"question_id": 3049, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal."} {"question_id": 3050, "question": "Is the patient's heart mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18570152/s54399607/89a623b8-0f8a2cb9-e027aaf4-7b5828f4-9480d3a6.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion which is improved as\n compared to chest x-ray ___. Findings: A left pectoral pacemaker is noted with a single intact lead. Mild pulmonary\n edema is improved from chest x-ray ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion. There is no lobar consolidation or pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal borders and hilar structures\n are normal."} {"question_id": 3051, "question": "Does the patient have recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD."} {"question_id": 3052, "question": "Is there evidence of asbestos related lung disease on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD."} {"question_id": 3053, "question": "Is there hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs that may indicate mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD."} {"question_id": 3054, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion or pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD."} {"question_id": 3055, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to hyperinflation of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15809646/s57372388/f2029c31-2acb877f-a7000d23-c119d2f1-b5d4844b.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Recurrent rounded atelectasis in the left mid lung as seen on the prior CT\n of ___. \n 2. Asbestos related lung disease. \n 3. Hazy opacification of the bilateral lungs may represent mild pulmonary\n edema. Findings: There is an irregular rounded opacity in the left mid lung zone,\n which was previously seen on ___ and ___ and thought to represent an\n area of round atelectasis which has resolved in the interim and recurred. \n Bilateral pleural plaques and pleural thickening is unchanged from prior\n studies. Increased hazy opacification of the lungs may represent mild\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable. Prominence of the mediastinum is\n unchanged with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated suggesting COPD."} {"question_id": 3056, "question": "Has the left pleural effusion increased since the prior exam? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3057, "question": "Is there also a right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3058, "question": "Is the prominent pulmonary vasculature consistent with pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3059, "question": "Does the left lung opacity likely represent atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3060, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15380734/s55418359/032b9a1a-f727fa4f-786f80a0-cdbfe259-f1a9f763.jpg", "report": "impression: Increased left pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Left lung\n opacity most likely represents atelectasis, although an early developing\n infiltrate cannot be entirely excluded. Recommend repeat radiographs after\n diuresis to rule out underlying infectious process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion, increased since the prior exam. There is a\n stable small right pleural effusion. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n consistent with pulmonary edema. Opacity in the left lung most likely\n represents atelectasis. The heart size is top normal and there are aortic knob\n calcifications. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3061, "question": "Are the bilateral pleural effusions stable compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 3062, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema present on previous imaging resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 3063, "question": "Is there any evidence of consolidation on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 3064, "question": "Does the patient have any right basilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 3065, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18224196/s55452685/4b21950a-5565f60b-5e86b9fd-fde33a71-2a564240.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Stable moderate bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the right than on\n the left, are unchanged. The previously noted pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is no consolidation. Mild right basilar atelectasis persists. There is\n no pneumothorax. Moderate enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable."} {"question_id": 3066, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3067, "question": "Is there a large fluid or pneumothorax on the right side with an air-fluid level?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3068, "question": "Is there massive generalized right-sided pleural thickening?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3069, "question": "Are there fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma observed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3070, "question": "Is there any abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma on the left side?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59718086/f144b596-88afdc30-0f893661-7b6e1b7c-29b129bf.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Large fluid or pneumothorax on the right with air-fluid level in the\n posterior aspect of the lung. Massive generalized right-sided pleural\n thickening with slight decrease of the right hemithorax. Fibrotic changes of\n the lung parenchyma.\n \n On the left, there is no abnormality of the pleura or lung parenchyma. The\n left aspect of the heart border is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3071, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumonia on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild."} {"question_id": 3072, "question": "Can pulmonary edema be observed on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild."} {"question_id": 3073, "question": "Does the Port-A-Cath terminate in the upper SVC as seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild."} {"question_id": 3074, "question": "Is there a calcified left suprahilar lymph node present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild."} {"question_id": 3075, "question": "Is the bibasilar atelectasis described as severe?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s51943964/96f6b655-cb517472-567ebf62-3c6395e0-01936fb3.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Right chest wall Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC. Postoperative\n mediastinum, including calcified left suprahilar lymph node, and cardiomegaly\n are unchanged from ___. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild."} {"question_id": 3076, "question": "Does the patient have a small left pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3077, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3078, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3079, "question": "Are the subtle linear opacities seen in the left costophrenic angle indicative of improving atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3080, "question": "Compared to prior exams, have the findings of atelectasis remained the same?\n", "answer": "No. (They have improved.)", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/829c6f86-9cb29e7d-e8f6a250-91dc2e24-bf216a9e.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3081, "question": "Has there been an interval progression of bilateral parenchymal opacities since the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck."} {"question_id": 3082, "question": "Is there a new right pleural effusion that was not present on the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck."} {"question_id": 3083, "question": "Is there evidence of a pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck."} {"question_id": 3084, "question": "Is the heart size normal on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck."} {"question_id": 3085, "question": "Are the calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck unchanged from the prior CT?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19061282/s51863042/1c038d27-c6193e6a-d4588595-a78608bd-565e11fa.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Interval progression of bilateral, right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities again concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases.\n \n 2. Similar appearance of the mediastinum.\n \n 3. Probable small right pleural effusion, new from the prior exam.\n \n 4. Position of vascular stents with kinking of the right\n brachiocephalic/axillary vein stent is similar to the prior chest CT. Findings: The patient is rotated with his neck turned to the right. The tip of the\n tracheostomy tube appears appropriately positioned and unchanged. The\n configuration of the right subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein stent\n appears similar to the prior chest CT with kinking of the stent at the level\n of the clavicle. The configuration of the left brachiocephalic vein stent is\n also similar to the prior CT. Bilateral right worse than left parenchymal\n opacities have progressed from the prior radiograph as well as CT, again\n concerning for multifocal infection and/or metastases. A right pleural\n effusion may be trace. The left pleural effusion may have resolved in the\n interim. No pneumothorax.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Mild prominence of the right mediastinum may\n correspond to the known mild ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm on prior CT. \n The size of the mediastinum is similar to the prior exam. Calcified right\n mediastinal lymph node is unchanged.\n \n Catheter projecting over the lower portion of the SVC is unchanged. Coils\n projecting over the left upper abdomen are also unchanged. Coarse\n calcifications projecting over the left upper abdomen are unchanged from the\n prior radiograph in correspond to splenic calcifications on the prior CT. \n Coarse calcifications in the soft tissue of the neck are unchanged from prior\n CT neck."} {"question_id": 3086, "question": "Are the lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker unchanged from the prior exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3087, "question": "Is there cardiomegaly present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3088, "question": "Does the patient have moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3089, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothorax observed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3090, "question": "Is there evidence of new parenchymal opacities?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11893091/s55255832/68d1a72f-0552bded-deae306a-343f5d03-ccf9853f.jpg", "report": "impression: Unchanged lead positions from recently inserted dual-chamber pacemaker. Findings: The lead positions of the dual-chamber pacemaker is unchanged\n compared to the prior exam. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The lungs\n demonstrate moderate pulmonary edema but no evidence of pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild atelectatic changes at the lung bases are unchanged.\n Incidental note is made of chronic stable calcified scarring in the left apex.\n There are no new parenchymal opacities. There is no evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3091, "question": "Does the right IJ central venous catheter terminate in an appropriate position over the right atrium?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum."} {"question_id": 3092, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum."} {"question_id": 3093, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum."} {"question_id": 3094, "question": "Is there an elevation of the right hemidiaphragm noted on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum."} {"question_id": 3095, "question": "Are there radiopaque lucencies overlying the right upper mediastinum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s53905237/d9e22f16-a5b260d1-2a5aee7a-4cd66d44-b590afb8.jpg", "report": "impression: Right IJ central venous catheter terminates projecting over the right atrium. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Since most recent chest radiograph, there has been interval placement of a\n right IJ central venous catheter which terminates projecting over the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are clear. Persistent elevation the\n right hemidiaphragm is noted. Radiopaque lucencies overlie the right upper\n mediastinum."} {"question_id": 3096, "question": "Does the nasogastric (NG) tube end in the distal stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed."} {"question_id": 3097, "question": "Are there severe bilateral airspace opacities present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed."} {"question_id": 3098, "question": "Is there a moderate right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed."} {"question_id": 3099, "question": "Is there evidence of right lower lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed."} {"question_id": 3100, "question": "Can pneumothorax be assessed in the bilateral lung apices from this X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s56676503/b128a59a-4eb90799-c8564692-8e582714-82706ad2.jpg", "report": "impression: NG tube ends in distal stomach. Remaining lines and tubes in satisfactory\n position.\n \n Right lower lobe pneumonia with stable severe bilateral airspace opacities,\n which may be due to pulmonary edema or hemorrhage.\n \n Moderate layering right pleural effusion not appreciably changed. Findings: A newly placed nasogastric tube terminates in the distal stomach. The right IJ\n central venous catheter and an ET tube are unchanged in position. The\n bilateral lung apices have been excluded from the field of view, limiting\n assessment for pneumothorax. Severe bilateral airspace opacities are\n unchanged. A small layering right pleural effusion is not appreciably changed."} {"question_id": 3101, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show any acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph."} {"question_id": 3102, "question": "Is the calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base a new finding?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph."} {"question_id": 3103, "question": "Is the increased opacity at the right hilum likely due to an enlarged right hilar lymph node?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph."} {"question_id": 3104, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph."} {"question_id": 3105, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as indicated by the presence of wires?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10046166/s53492798/eab11c59-32a5b9b8-b8d335fa-ce06c5fa-5bde0499.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest redemonstrate a round\n calcified pulmonary nodule in the posterior right lung base, unchanged from\n multiple priors and consistent with prior granulomatous disease. A known\n enlarged right hilar lymph node seen on CT of ___ likely accounts for the\n increased opacity at the right hilum. A known right mediastinal lymph node\n conglomerate accounts for the fullness at the right paratracheal region. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal consolidation is present. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged from the preceding radiograph."} {"question_id": 3106, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg", "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable."} {"question_id": 3107, "question": "Is the pneumothorax worse than before?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg", "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable."} {"question_id": 3108, "question": "Does the patient have signs of mild pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg", "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable."} {"question_id": 3109, "question": "Was there a prior sternotomy for valve repair?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg", "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable."} {"question_id": 3110, "question": "Is there an indication of moderate cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19182863/s52374902/155e0867-6925a927-7f73fa2f-6e5438bb-dc6ae8fc.jpg", "report": "impression: Left minimal apical pneumothorax is unchanged or slightly improved. The rest\n of the exam is stable. Findings: Tiny left apical pneumothorax is stable or slightly improved. The rest of the\n exam is unchanged with mild pulmonary edema and left middle lung opacity\n related to recent BAL. Prior sternotomy was done for aortic, mitral and\n tricuspid valve repair. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable."} {"question_id": 3111, "question": "Is there any improvement in the left basilar atelectasis compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3112, "question": "Is the patient status post sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3113, "question": "Does the patient have a dual-lead pacemaker or ICD device?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3114, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or pneumothorax present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3115, "question": "Are small osteophytes present in the visualized thoracic spine?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s50065267/bd3dc01c-c67b8f05-580c3880-de7352aa-4118828e.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy. A dual-lead pacemaker/ICD\n device appears unchanged with leads again terminating in the right atrium and\n ventricle, respectively. There is patchy left basilar opacity, also obscuring\n the left lateral costophrenic sulcus, but somewhat decreased. Elsewhere, the\n lungs remain clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small\n osteophytes are present throughout the visualized thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3116, "question": "Is there a new parenchymal opacity in the right lung base compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3117, "question": "Is the new opacity at the right lung base strongly suggestive of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3118, "question": "Does the patient have moderate cardiomegaly that has remained unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3119, "question": "Are there bilateral small pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3120, "question": "Is there any evidence of minimal left basal atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19757720/s51215308/a40681cf-5ae02ca8-00157e4a-2a48e28a-831224eb.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a new parenchymal\n opacity at the right lung base. The opacity is strongly suggestive of\n pneumonia, given that the asymmetric location, the alveolar pattern, and the\n evidence of air bronchograms.\n \n The referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification at the time of\n dictation, 1:38 p.m., ___.\n \n Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. Unchanged\n presence of bilateral small pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic\n sinuses, better visible on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph.\n \n Minimal left basal atelectasis."} {"question_id": 3121, "question": "Is there an increase in opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 3122, "question": "Has there been a decrease in the right basilar opacity compared to prior images?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 3123, "question": "Is there a small right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 3124, "question": "Has the small right pleural effusion decreased in size since the previous radiographs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 3125, "question": "Are there any signs of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s54545268/5e0d77ce-231b152c-108568f2-d7021ce2-2afe69fa.jpg", "report": "impression: Slightly increased opacity at the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart\n border, with decrease in right basilar opacity compared with prior. Slight\n decrease in small right pleural effusion. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, there is slight increase in\n opacity in the left lower lung adjacent to the left heart border, with\n improved right basilar opacity. There is a small right pleural effusion,\n slightly decreased from prior. No pneumothorax. There is no overt pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged."} {"question_id": 3126, "question": "Are the lungs clear on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3127, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3128, "question": "Can a pleural effusion be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3129, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3130, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56440919/a7f13ec9-849ac14d-c01cebdb-4ec75cc0-3f0f2ca6.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3131, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube positioned correctly, at an ideal distance from the carina?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg", "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3132, "question": "Does the enteric tube need to be advanced for ideal positioning?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg", "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3133, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg", "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3134, "question": "Is there an indication of atelectasis or aspiration at the base of the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg", "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3135, "question": "Is there mild pulmonary edema present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s54103570/1bc3bed7-2aa120b0-65805fec-266c7e92-f3eebc0a.jpg", "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube 4.1 cm of the carina. Enteric tube should be advanced 5-6\n cm for ideal positioning. No pneumothorax. The left lung base is only\n partially imaged however opacity at the base of the left lung likely reflects\n atelectasis or aspiration. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.1 cm above the carina. In enteric tube\n terminates in the proximal stomach and could be advanced 5-6 cm for ideal\n positioning.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Low lung volumes. Minimal\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is also stable. The left lung base is\n not visualized. Increased opacity at the base of the left lung may reflect\n atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion with mild pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3136, "question": "Has the right upper lobe infiltrate shown improvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3137, "question": "Is there any new lung consolidation present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3138, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3139, "question": "Is the 6 mm right lower lobe nodule unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3140, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/78a4e7a2-9072e849-a90eb438-518cd14b-3ea197d4.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3141, "question": "Are the endotracheal and orogastric tubes in standard positions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder."} {"question_id": 3142, "question": "Are there focal opacities in both upper lobes that could suggest a chronic interstitial process?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder."} {"question_id": 3143, "question": "Is there mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder."} {"question_id": 3144, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the visible lung fields?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder."} {"question_id": 3145, "question": "Are surgical anchors present over the right shoulder area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10933609/s50636786/8452bd2c-ba775d23-e46872fa-f0e9c5bd-63897743.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Standard positions of the endotracheal and orogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Focal, somewhat linear opacities within both upper lobes which may be due\n to a chronic interstitial process. Correlation with prior imaging is\n recommended. Aspiration or infection, however, cannot be completely excluded.\n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion in the setting of low lung volumes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.8 cm from the carina. An\n orogastric tube tip is noted within the distal stomach. Lung volumes are low.\n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted, and mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n likely present. Additionally, more focal somewhat linear opacities within\n both upper lobes appear to be associated with fibrotic changes. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified, although the right costophrenic angle\n is excluded from the field of view. Diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel\n loops are noted within the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormality seen. \n Surgical anchors are noted projecting over the right shoulder."} {"question_id": 3146, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary abnormality present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3147, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3148, "question": "Is the aorta appearing tortuous on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3149, "question": "Are there any signs of mediastinal widening due to mediastinal lipomatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3150, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17337033/s56541072/66fece2b-2fccf418-d23f1eda-9dde45e2-d85df8da.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous. Unchanged widening of the\n mediastinum attributable to mediastinal lipomatosis is re- demonstrated. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3151, "question": "Are there any acute cardiac or pulmonary findings on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before."} {"question_id": 3152, "question": "Are the scattered parenchymal opacities in the lungs new findings?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before."} {"question_id": 3153, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before."} {"question_id": 3154, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before."} {"question_id": 3155, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14851532/s51895071/53c61f6b-13463b44-509c8ec2-1dc260ad-9136011d.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. \n Scattered parenchymal opacities within both lungs are not significantly\n changed compared to the most recent chest radiograph from ___,\n correlating to areas of post-treatment change and known neoplastic disease. \n There is no focal consolidation. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no definite pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Left-sided rib deformities are redemonstrated. Suture\n chain is seen within the left upper lung, as before."} {"question_id": 3156, "question": "Has the patient undergone a right upper lobectomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified."} {"question_id": 3157, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiac enlargement on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified."} {"question_id": 3158, "question": "Is the pigtail end catheter still present in the right lateral pleural sinus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified."} {"question_id": 3159, "question": "Has the amount of pleural fluid density increased since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified."} {"question_id": 3160, "question": "Are there new parenchymal infiltrates indicative of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s52138943/de739d0b-2345495b-255f0e3b-00ccbf4c-ab4d3400.jpg", "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained in this patient with\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding portable chest examination of ___.\n \n Status post right upper lobectomy unchanged. Cardiac enlargement as before\n may have even increased slightly. On previous examination identified small\n caliber pigtail end catheter in the right lateral pleural sinus is still\n present. The amount of pleural fluid density has increased mildly. No\n pneumothorax has developed. Overall increased hazy appearance of the lung\n bases coinciding with perivascular haze in the pulmonary vessels is suggestive\n of increased CHF in this patient. No new discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia are identified."} {"question_id": 3161, "question": "Does the patient show opacification of the right lung base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg", "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present."} {"question_id": 3162, "question": "Is there a small pleural effusion on the right side that has remained unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg", "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present."} {"question_id": 3163, "question": "Has the patient undergone an esophagectomy and gastric pull-through procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg", "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present."} {"question_id": 3164, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg", "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present."} {"question_id": 3165, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19016834/s51719671/7d45bb0a-531ab42d-d3820493-112d47e5-6eafa5a1.jpg", "report": "impression: There is continued opacification of the right lung base, possibly\n reflecting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis, though\n infection cannot be excluded. Small right pleural effusion is unchanged. Findings: Patient is status post esophagectomy\n and gastric pull-through procedure with a stent redemonstrated within the\n neoesophagus. Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is persistent opacification of the right lung base with a\n small right pleural effusion, not significantly changed in size. Left lung is\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is\n present."} {"question_id": 3166, "question": "Has the patient developed new central vascular congestion since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg", "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 3167, "question": "Is there evidence of mild interstitial edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg", "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 3168, "question": "Is the left hemidiaphragm elevated on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg", "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 3169, "question": "Is there any pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg", "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 3170, "question": "Does the patient have a normal heart size according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s58103596/053ef377-da66ede4-ca590556-c5ee239e-a4d98f53.jpg", "report": "impression: New central vascular congestion with mild interstitial edema. Findings: Again seen is marked elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent compressive atelectasis. Gas is seen within the\n splenic flexure. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion with\n mild interstitial edema, new since ___. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal."} {"question_id": 3171, "question": "Has there been a relevant change from the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 3172, "question": "Is there evidence of a procedure such as spinal stabilization on the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 3173, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette of normal size?\n", "answer": "No (it's borderline).", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 3174, "question": "Is the right hemidiaphragm elevated on the radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 3175, "question": "Are there any larger pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14353044/s53138800/2590bcf5-32f61859-59ee1db2-197c844f-fa816534.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Status post spinal stabilization, left subclavian access line. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with subsequent areas of atelectasis seen on both the frontal\n and the lateral radiograph. No newly appeared parenchymal opacities. No\n larger pleural effusions."} {"question_id": 3176, "question": "Does the patient's chest X-ray show hyperexpansion of the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg", "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3177, "question": "Are there signs of pulmonary vascular congestion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg", "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3178, "question": "Can a definitive diagnosis of supervening consolidation be made from this single chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg", "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3179, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg", "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3180, "question": "Are there previous imaging studies available for comparison?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14081759/s53482917/4d69cce1-fecc3019-ee62f6c0-dc12a81e-ae02844a.jpg", "report": "No previous images. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease. Prominence of engorged and\n ill-defined pulmonary vessels is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n pulmonary vascular congestion, though in the absence of previous images it is\n difficult to determine whether any this appearance could reflect underlying\n chronic pulmonary disease. The possibility of supervening consolidation would\n be impossible to exclude on this single study, especially without a lateral\n view.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3181, "question": "Has the pre-existing opacity in the right lung apex resolved? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images."} {"question_id": 3182, "question": "Are there still opacities present at both lung bases? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images."} {"question_id": 3183, "question": "Do the opacities at the lung bases appear less dense than on the previous image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images."} {"question_id": 3184, "question": "Is there any evidence of pulmonary edema currently present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images."} {"question_id": 3185, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions evident on the frontal and lateral images? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s50598243/67a20282-74cc43b9-69dd3914-1cb897d2-cb2f6018.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity in\n the right lung apex has completely resolved. However, opacities at both lung\n bases are still present. The opacities appear less dense than on the previous\n image. Currently, no evidence of pulmonary edema is present. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is at the upper range of normal. There is no evidence of\n pleural effusions on the frontal and lateral images."} {"question_id": 3186, "question": "Is there an improvement in the left upper lung zone consolidation compared to previous studies?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3187, "question": "Is the area of increased density in the left upper lobe still present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3188, "question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3189, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3190, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19404187/s57780214/480f169c-15ef13a4-4ca3b85d-181a240e-edc79169.jpg", "report": "impression: Improving left upper lung zone consolidation compared to ___. Findings: There is still an area of increased density in the left upper lobe\n projecting over the anterior aspect of the second rib measuring approximately\n 2.9 x 2.2 cm, improved from ___. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3191, "question": "Has the size of the right pleural effusion changed since the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3192, "question": "Does the current study suggest the presence of a pulmonary embolism?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3193, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis adjacent to the small right pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3194, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3195, "question": "Are there any abnormalities in the left hemithorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18309149/s59608718/81da6609-5b1db1a9-985ed5af-0ea8bff9-d2ae3e08.jpg", "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion compared to ___. \n This study neither suggests nor excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no interval change\n from ___. Small right pleural effusion, adjacent atelectasis, and scar\n formation are stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The left\n hemithorax is unremarkable."} {"question_id": 3196, "question": "Does the patient show substantial elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear."} {"question_id": 3197, "question": "Is there opacification above the right hemidiaphragm that could indicate atelectasis? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear."} {"question_id": 3198, "question": "Could the opacification above the right hemidiaphragm also suggest pneumonia in the right clinical setting? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear."} {"question_id": 3199, "question": "Is there some prominence of the cardiac silhouette observed? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear."} {"question_id": 3200, "question": "Is the left lung clear on the X-ray image? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17327592/s53734902/d43e3c28-8d1a4b0c-ef446460-413e4e0b-df3a80ef.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour. Opacification above this\n could reflect atelectasis, though in the appropriate clinical setting\n supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some prominence of the cardiac silhouette persists in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires. No evidence of vascular congestion and the left lung\n is essentially clear."} {"question_id": 3201, "question": "Has the patient undergone sternotomy and bypass surgery previously?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease."} {"question_id": 3202, "question": "Is there moderate cardiac enlargement observed in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease."} {"question_id": 3203, "question": "Are there any signs of interstitial or alveolar edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease."} {"question_id": 3204, "question": "Is there evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease."} {"question_id": 3205, "question": "Does the patient have a pneumothorax in the apical area?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s52578881/99d55522-c421c3a3-4e043495-a4e139ff-69c8f48f.jpg", "report": "PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is evidence of sternotomy and previous bypass surgery\n with moderate cardiac enlargement. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates an\n upper zone redistribution pattern, but no conclusive evidence for interstitial\n or alveolar edema is present. Bilateral pleural space thickenings are seen\n along the lateral lower chest walls measuring up to 3 and 4 cm at the bases. \n The pleural densities extend into the posterior compartments as identified on\n the lateral view. There is no evidence of new acute pulmonary parenchymal\n infiltrates. No evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area. When\n comparison is made with the next preceding portable chest examination of\n ___, the described mostly basal located pleural thickenings were\n similar and appear rather stable. The pulmonary vasculature appears, however,\n now slightly more congested. Review of previous PA and lateral chest\n examinations from ___, ___ and ___ demonstrated that the pleural\n thickenings existed already at that time. Considering the rather stable\n pleural thickenings could consider that they are at least in part organized\n and represent scar formations in this patient with history of end-stage renal\n disease."} {"question_id": 3206, "question": "Are lung volumes on the chest X-ray low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question_id": 3207, "question": "Is there evidence of any focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question_id": 3208, "question": "Does the patient have a pleural effusion or pneumothorax according to the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question_id": 3209, "question": "Can bibasilar atelectasis be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question_id": 3210, "question": "Is there any free peritoneal air visible under the hemidiaphragms on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11413236/s56921446/154a0276-f9cc72dc-9907f2e1-f1f11272-93cc90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute process and no evidence of free\n peritoneal air. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n significantly low. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact. A right chest\n wall Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. There is no free air\n under the hemidiaphragms. Osseous structures are intact."} {"question_id": 3211, "question": "Is there evidence of a small right pleural effusion? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified."} {"question_id": 3212, "question": "Is there left basilar atelectasis present? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified."} {"question_id": 3213, "question": "Has the right PICC line been removed since the previous examination? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified."} {"question_id": 3214, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette moderately enlarged? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified."} {"question_id": 3215, "question": "Is there any identification of a pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59299448/db46fb79-5ef144b5-a30257dc-a364a08f-731905ea.jpg", "report": "impression: Continued mild pulmonary vascular congestion with a small right\n pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: The right PICC has been removed in the\n interval. There is moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is not\n significantly changed from the prior exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with continued widening of the mediastinum and aortic knob\n calcifications redemonstrated. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion persists,\n and is not significantly changed in the interval. Left basilar atelectasis is\n also noted, with a small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified."} {"question_id": 3216, "question": "Has the left upper lobe opacification decreased compared to previous imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg", "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3217, "question": "Is there an increase in the right base pleural effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg", "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3218, "question": "Is the patient after sternotomy for cardiac surgery?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg", "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3219, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg", "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3220, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No. (The heart is still mildly enlarged.)", "image": "p19/p19075045/s52680917/ff4c00a4-74c0b483-307446fe-e534b390-224db689.jpg", "report": "impression: Reduced left upper lobe opacification likely for reduced edema\n component. Reduced left base pleural effusion, but increase in the right\n base. Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged within\n standard position. Patient is after sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Lung\n volume is still low but the left upper lobe opacification is reduced, likely\n for reabsorption of edema component. Also, the left base pleural effusion is\n reduced. The right basilar opacification is slightly increased for increased\n pleural effusion. Heart is still mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3221, "question": "Does the patient show any evidence of acute disease?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3222, "question": "Is there any convincing evidence for sarcoidosis in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3223, "question": "Is the heart size normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3224, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3225, "question": "Are the lungs clear of any abnormal findings?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13448574/s53776243/c689d99c-d2fa5c84-6112de6e-adc7466b-c0209f29.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. No convincing evidence for\n sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits and do not suggest substantial lymph node\n enlargement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the thoracic spine."} {"question_id": 3226, "question": "Does the patient have a transvenous pacemaker or AICD visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact."} {"question_id": 3227, "question": "Are there any signs of consolidation or pleural effusion in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact."} {"question_id": 3228, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax or pulmonary edema on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact."} {"question_id": 3229, "question": "Is there cardiomegaly present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact."} {"question_id": 3230, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires misaligned or damaged?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15144601/s58387591/57acf73e-ba3f0114-8d77513c-7aee7bf4-4afa327e.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Transvenous pacemaker/AICD with leads seen terminating in right atrium and\n right ventricle. The lungs are clear without evidence of consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema. Stable, mild to\n moderate cardiomegaly is noted. The aorta is somewhat tortuous, but stable.\n Median sternotomy wires appear aligned and intact."} {"question_id": 3231, "question": "Are the lung volumes low on this chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study."} {"question_id": 3232, "question": "Does the cardiac silhouette appear accentuated due to the low lung volumes? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study."} {"question_id": 3233, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours stable when compared to the prior study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study."} {"question_id": 3234, "question": "Is there an elevation of the left hemidiaphragm on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study."} {"question_id": 3235, "question": "Is there atelectasis present in the right retrocardiac area?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18338007/s51909516/f0de6eac-d8d4cc43-59d26e49-46200472-34fa5de1.jpg", "report": "Lung volumes remain low, accentuating the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. With this limitation in mind, cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Persistent elevation of left hemidiaphragm\n with adjacent atelectasis at the left lower lobe. Right retrocardiac\n atelectasis is also similar to the prior study."} {"question_id": 3236, "question": "Is there evidence of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified."} {"question_id": 3237, "question": "Is a moderate to large right pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified."} {"question_id": 3238, "question": "Has the patient undergone a right upper lobectomy and chest wall resection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified."} {"question_id": 3239, "question": "Is there any indication of pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified."} {"question_id": 3240, "question": "Is the aorta tortuous and calcified?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13263843/s55058862/8de15662-1ddba4f0-7784313d-51c003d0-f3d4cc1b.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusions. Right basilar opacification may\n reflect atelectasis and/or infection. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. Patient is status post\n right upper lobectomy and right upper chest wall resection with evidence of\n volume loss in the right lung and posttreatment changes in the right upper\n lung field, unchanged. Left hilar enlargement is unchanged, with mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion present. Moderate to large right pleural\n effusion and small left pleural effusion are again demonstrated, not\n significantly changed in the interval. Right basilar opacification is similar.\n No pneumothorax is identified. The aorta remains tortuous and calcified."} {"question_id": 3241, "question": "Is there enlargement of the cardiac silhouette on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed."} {"question_id": 3242, "question": "Is there a pacer device visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed."} {"question_id": 3243, "question": "Is there any evidence of vascular congestion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed."} {"question_id": 3244, "question": "Does the chest X-ray show signs of acute focal pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed."} {"question_id": 3245, "question": "Has the right PICC line been removed since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11293517/s53430284/6f09dfe3-4459d697-aed9e9be-f9f1b26e-d80bcd0e.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with a pacer device in place. No definite vascular\n congestion, raising the possibility of underlying cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n The right PICC line has been removed."} {"question_id": 3246, "question": "Does the patient have any acute intrathoracic processes?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 3247, "question": "Are the bilateral interstitial markings indicative of chronic lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 3248, "question": "Are there any new focal consolidations or pleural effusions compared to the previous exam?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 3249, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 3250, "question": "Can atherosclerotic calcifications be seen in the coronary arteries?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s55339618/2d3d526f-5560ef5c-de1b0d4a-b17b0f0b-427cc0ca.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process. Stable bilateral interstitial markings,\n likely chronic lung disease.\n 2. Coronary artery calcifications. Findings: There are diffuse bilateral interstitial markings, overall unchanged since\n ___. This is consistent with chronic lung disease. No new areas of\n focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is top\n normal, stable from prior. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\n coronary arteries, better appreciated on the lateral view."} {"question_id": 3251, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change"} {"question_id": 3252, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema worsened since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change"} {"question_id": 3253, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change"} {"question_id": 3254, "question": "Has the size of the cardiomegaly changed since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change"} {"question_id": 3255, "question": "Is there a right internal jugular (IJ) line in place?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16508811/s59842151/430e6100-bae3aa34-d72132a7-2c61b505-8d2056bb.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild interval worsening of pulmonary edema with unchanged left pleural\n effusion and cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Stable right IJ line tip position.\n Lungs: Low lung volumes with mild worsening of pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Small left pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Stable cardiomegaly.\n \n Bony thorax: No change"} {"question_id": 3256, "question": "Does the patient have a normal-sized heart on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear."} {"question_id": 3257, "question": "Are the mediastinal and hilar contours unremarkable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear."} {"question_id": 3258, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear."} {"question_id": 3259, "question": "Is there a nodular opacity observed on the right mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear."} {"question_id": 3260, "question": "Are the lungs otherwise clear aside from the nodular focus?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16015751/s57619468/3352c0d5-7f41c92d-b1178750-7dc794c6-979ffba3.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, likely\n a nipple shadow, but confirmation with a repeat PA view with nipple markers is\n recommended when clinically appropriate. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n vague nodular focus projecting over the right lateral lung measuring about 8\n mm in diameter. Otherwise the lungs appear clear."} {"question_id": 3261, "question": "Are the lung volumes on the chest X-ray low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3262, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis in the lung bases?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3263, "question": "Does the patient show signs of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3264, "question": "Are there any large pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3265, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/3fb53bea-f1dad119-d26160af-4b106702-04691d32.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3266, "question": "Is there a spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg", "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3267, "question": "Has the nodule increased in size compared to the prior radiograph?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg", "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3268, "question": "Is the nodule suggestive of primary lung cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg", "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3269, "question": "Are there new focal areas of consolidation indicating acute pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg", "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3270, "question": "Is there evidence of sclerosis in the medial left clavicle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13450581/s57882993/f39a0cd8-fb45cb6e-63f5fa30-21668913-0ac228d3.jpg", "report": "A spiculated and cavitary nodule in the left mid lung at the level\n of the third left anterior rib measuring 2.5 cm in diameter appears slightly\n larger than on the prior radiograph and corresponds to a known left upper lobe\n lesion on prior CT of ___. It is morphologically concerning for\n a primary lung cancer and less likely an indolent granulomatous infection. \n Lungs are otherwise clear, with no new focal areas of consolidation to suggest\n the presence of an acute pneumonia. Lungs are otherwise remarkable for linear\n scar versus atelectasis in the mid lung regions. Sclerosis of medial left\n clavicle, likely due to prior trauma, is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3271, "question": "Is there increasing opacity in the left lower lung? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg", "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 3272, "question": "Is the increased opacity in the left lower lung concerning for worsening consolidation and effusion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg", "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 3273, "question": "Does the chest X-ray suggest extensive metastatic disease within the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg", "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 3274, "question": "Can the heart size be assessed on this radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg", "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 3275, "question": "Do the bony structures appear to have changed since the previous CT scan?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12702423/s51244261/17ff7369-20912497-3b539b61-9c4ace20-7dc7fa12.jpg", "report": "impression: Increasing opacity in the left lower lung, concerning for\n worsening consolidation and effusion. Extensive metastatic disease within the\n chest. Refer to subsequent CT for further details. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Compared to the\n scout radiograph from a torso CT from ___, there is increased opacity in\n the left lower lung, concerning for worsening effusion and consolidation. \n Extensive nodularity in the lungs is compatible with known metastatic disease.\n Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony structures appear unchanged."} {"question_id": 3276, "question": "Does the PICC line extend to the superior vena cava?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study."} {"question_id": 3277, "question": "Is there an indication of low lung volumes affecting the transverse diameter of the heart?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study."} {"question_id": 3278, "question": "Are the bibasilar opacities most likely due to atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study."} {"question_id": 3279, "question": "Is there a possibility of pneumonia suggested by the report?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study."} {"question_id": 3280, "question": "Is the pulmonary vascular congestion more prominent than in the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10268877/s55785509/2b68ac0e-611f3a5f-ddd4047f-97ef55a1-538b75df.jpg", "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the PICC extends only to the left\n brachiocephalic vein before its junction with the superior vena cava. \n Continued low lung volumes may account for some of the prominence of the\n transverse diameter of the heart. Bibasilar opacification most likely\n reflects atelectatic changes. Possibility of supervening pneumonia would have\n to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n The pulmonary vascular congestion is less prominent than on the prior study."} {"question_id": 3281, "question": "Has there been any relevant change compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 3282, "question": "Are the lung volumes low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 3283, "question": "Is there moderate cardiomegaly present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 3284, "question": "Is there any evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 3285, "question": "Are there any pleural effusions or signs of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17340686/s58040849/9cf8e1b3-4a4ea8dd-33fc8814-862d81e5-34c105d1.jpg", "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload.\n No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia."} {"question_id": 3286, "question": "Has the patient shown improvement in inspiration since the earlier study of the same date?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach."} {"question_id": 3287, "question": "Are the lung volumes still low despite better inspiration?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach."} {"question_id": 3288, "question": "Is there enlargement of the cardiac silhouette on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach."} {"question_id": 3289, "question": "Does the patient have vascular congestion visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach."} {"question_id": 3290, "question": "Is there a nasogastric tube visible extending to the distal stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18079481/s56374996/7e35b00e-b26953b2-8748806e-5162f99f-feffc6b2.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the patient has\n taken a somewhat better inspiration. Nevertheless, lines are still low. \n There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with vascular congestion and\n bilateral effusions with compressive atelectasis. Nasogastric tube extends to\n the distal stomach."} {"question_id": 3291, "question": "Does the patient show any evidence of pneumonia in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 3292, "question": "Are the lungs clear of focal consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 3293, "question": "Is there a pleural effusion present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 3294, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 3295, "question": "Is there any change in the size of the heart compared to previous X-rays?\n", "answer": "No. (The cardiomegaly is described as stable, implying no change in size.)", "image": "p10/p10274145/s53183707/d570aba7-45a558d7-52f77673-704bdc98-85e97946.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear bilaterally with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Patient is status post CABG. Cardiomegaly is stable. \n Mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits."} {"question_id": 3296, "question": "Does the patient have mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted."} {"question_id": 3297, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted."} {"question_id": 3298, "question": "Is there evidence of bibasilar atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted."} {"question_id": 3299, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be identified on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted."} {"question_id": 3300, "question": "Are there any acute osseous abnormalities present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16360107/s55999205/651f114e-84947603-ffc43734-98f192e7-c9c6afe0.jpg", "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with unchanged\n small-to-moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions with laterally loculated\n components. Probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided dual-lumen\n hemodialysis catheter is noted with tip terminating at the junction of the SVC\n and right atrium. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG, with\n multiple broken median sternotomy wires redemonstrated. Heart size is top\n normal. There are low lung volumes, with crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures and likely mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bilateral pleural\n effusions are again noted, which appear loculated laterally and are similar in\n size when compared to the prior study. Patchy opacities at the lung bases\n most likely reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with aortic\n knob calcifications again noted."} {"question_id": 3301, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3302, "question": "Does the X-ray suggest potential hilar lymphadenopathy on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3303, "question": "Is a CT scan recommended for further evaluation of the left hilum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3304, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3305, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s56771404/93ad1f3b-e27d8070-8b21fc81-09c13461-bde10e1c.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Enlarged left hilum which could reflect hilar lymphadenopathy. CT is\n recommended for further evaluation. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The\n left hilum appears enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3306, "question": "Has the patient been extubated recently?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg", "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3307, "question": "Are the parenchymal opacities in the left lung improved compared to previous images?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg", "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3308, "question": "Is there a catheter present in the left internal jugular vein?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg", "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3309, "question": "Is the nasogastric (NG) tube still in place?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg", "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3310, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11569093/s59995358/51b6ffe9-580e1dd3-9aa94073-a614dd4f-e41809b0.jpg", "report": "The patient has been extubated. Parenchymal opacities in the left\n lung are similar to mildly worsened. A left internal jugular vein catheter\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube is no longer present. Again seen is\n the large right subpulmonic effusion. The small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3311, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary abnormality present? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing"} {"question_id": 3312, "question": "Is the cardiac size abnormal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing"} {"question_id": 3313, "question": "Is there a suggestion of an anterior mediastinal lesion on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing"} {"question_id": 3314, "question": "Are there any signs of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing"} {"question_id": 3315, "question": "Are basilar atelectasis and compression fractures present on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15659181/s53130454/5508a85f-2f9f244d-d22cda11-0527ab51-a15d5058.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n Density in the retrosternal space suggests the presence of an anterior\n mediastinal lesion. CT is recommended for further evaluation Findings: The Cardiac size is normal. New density in the retrosternal clear space\n suggests the presence of an anterior mediastinal lesion, of note in prior CT\n there were enlarge lymph nodes in this location. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Basilar atelectasis is noted. Several wedge shaped compression fractures are\n long standing"} {"question_id": 3316, "question": "Are bibasilar opacities present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema."} {"question_id": 3317, "question": "Is there a large pleural effusion identified in the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema."} {"question_id": 3318, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette mildly enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema."} {"question_id": 3319, "question": "Are the mediastinal contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema."} {"question_id": 3320, "question": "Is there evidence of pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18512911/s55001746/86d4ab20-e9abbc54-b65af50f-128d2b48-d9884715.jpg", "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectases, and mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. If there is clinical concern for infection, recommend\n repeat dedicated AP and lateral views in the department. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates interval increase in\n bibasilar opacity, without large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are\n normal. The pulmonary vasculature is mildly engorged. There is no edema."} {"question_id": 3321, "question": "Has the pneumonia shown on a previous radiograph resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___."} {"question_id": 3322, "question": "Is there any evidence of recurrent pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___."} {"question_id": 3323, "question": "Does the patient show signs of previous radiation therapy to the right lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___."} {"question_id": 3324, "question": "Are the pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle stable?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___."} {"question_id": 3325, "question": "Is there a new nodular opacity in the right lower lung when compared to the previous radiograph?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s57142346/12f2d9bf-89dc902e-a9cd6aaa-22c63b63-c5abd408.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Resolution of pneumonia since ___ radiograph. No evidence of\n recurrence pneumonia Findings: The patient is status of previous radiation therapy in the right lung, with\n associated geographically marginated radiation fibrosis in the right\n paramediastinal and hilar regions with associated volume loss in the right\n lung. Pleural thickening at the right apex and right costophrenic angle also\n appear stable. Heterogeneous lung opacities in the right lung on the ___ radiograph have resolved. No new areas of consolidation are\n identified. A sub cm nodular opacity is seen in the periphery of the right\n lower lung and appears unchanged from ___ radiograph, corresponding to\n a subpleural nodule on CT of ___."} {"question_id": 3326, "question": "Has there been any significant change since the last exam two days ago?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position."} {"question_id": 3327, "question": "Are there persistent bibasilar opacities present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position."} {"question_id": 3328, "question": "Are the lungs clear in the superior aspect on the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position."} {"question_id": 3329, "question": "Is the cardiomediastinal silhouette enlarged on the current exam?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position."} {"question_id": 3330, "question": "Are the bibasilar opacities more apparent on the lateral view?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16853729/s57835182/7edb7bdc-93380e91-4d5d0b73-0c778fdb-40e32018.jpg", "report": "impression: No significant interval change since exam from two days prior\n demonstrating persistent bibasilar opacities and enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change. Again seen are predominantly linear bibasilar opacities,\n more apparent on the lateral view on today's exam. Superiorly, the lungs\n remain clear. Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient position."} {"question_id": 3331, "question": "Has the mild pulmonary edema shown improvement over the last 24 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg", "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited."} {"question_id": 3332, "question": "Are the moderate right and small left pleural effusions unchanged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg", "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited."} {"question_id": 3333, "question": "Is there bilateral lower lung atelectasis present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg", "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited."} {"question_id": 3334, "question": "Are the bilateral lung volumes lower than normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg", "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited."} {"question_id": 3335, "question": "Can the mediastinal border be clearly assessed?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s56354797/5c3a891f-05d81eb0-c4ade60a-d0b2c55e-b6856098.jpg", "report": "impression: Over last 24 hours, mild pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved, moderate right and small left pleural effusion as well as bilateral\n lower lung atelectasis are unchanged. Findings: Bilateral lung volumes are lower. Since yesterday,\n mild-to-moderately severe pulmonary edema has significantly improved. \n However, moderate right pleural effusion associated with right lower lung\n atelectasis and left lower lung atelectasis and small left pleural effusions\n are unchanged. The lung effusions and atelectasis obscuring the mediastinal\n border, thus assessment of the cardiomediastinum was limited."} {"question_id": 3336, "question": "Has the right pulmonary edema improved compared to the previous day?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg", "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 3337, "question": "Is the intraaortic balloon pump positioned close to the apex of the aortic arch?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg", "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 3338, "question": "Is the endotracheal tube placed at an appropriate distance above the carina?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg", "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 3339, "question": "Has the patient undergone a median sternotomy as evidenced by sternal sutures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg", "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 3340, "question": "Is there any pleural effusion present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17288844/s51904170/cf6229c4-0dbb5dd3-64610954-17ed414a-c7d2837d.jpg", "report": "impression: Asymmetric mild right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm from the apex of\n aortic arch. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.8 cm above the carina and is\n appropriate in position. Intraaortic balloon pump lies approximately 2.6 cm\n from the apex of the aortic arch. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy with intact sternal sutures. Gastric tube courses below the\n diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is beyond the field of\n view. Asymmetric, mild, right pulmonary edema has improved over last 24\n hours. Normal heart size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion."} {"question_id": 3341, "question": "Has the right pleural effusion increased since the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3342, "question": "Is there evidence of compressive atelectasis at the base?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3343, "question": "Could the opacification above the level of the effusion suggest consolidation?\n", "answer": "Yes, in the appropriate clinical setting.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3344, "question": "Is the remainder of the chest X-ray unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3345, "question": "Is there a left pleural effusion noted on this study?\n", "answer": "No. (The report specifically mentions a substantial right pleural effusion, with no mention of the left side.)", "image": "p13/p13849733/s59249240/87ab8784-89bb34a7-0cd83f89-8208e8d6-8ceaaf76.jpg", "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there appears to be further\n increase in the substantial right pleural effusion. There is evidence of\n compressive atelectasis at the base. Some opacification just above the level\n of the effusion on the frontal view could possibly be a manifestation of\n consolidation in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Remainder of this study is unchanged."} {"question_id": 3346, "question": "Are the lung volumes observed on the chest X-ray low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3347, "question": "Do the patchy opacities at the lung bases suggest the presence of atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3348, "question": "Is there an indication of mild pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3349, "question": "Are there any large pleural effusions or pneumothorax seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3350, "question": "Is a right brachiocephalic/subclavian stent visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s53896301/6b022472-268f6ea1-33a11fa1-55b44ef6-3efa06ec.jpg", "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which limits assessment of the lung bases. Patchy opacities\n at the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is top-normal size given the lung volumes. \n There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures with probable mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in lung bases may reflect\n atelectasis. There are no large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Right\n brachiocephalic/subclavian stent is again demonstrated."} {"question_id": 3351, "question": "Do the lungs appear hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge."} {"question_id": 3352, "question": "Is there a pacemaker present in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge."} {"question_id": 3353, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge."} {"question_id": 3354, "question": "Is there increased opacity at the right lung base that could suggest atelectasis or an infection?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge."} {"question_id": 3355, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette significantly enlarged?\n", "answer": "No (it is described as top normal to mildly enlarged, which does not equate to significant enlargement).", "image": "p18/p18929056/s58958987/5337ec0a-283bf318-55060740-77ac2e55-67b5f668.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Hyperinflated lungs suggest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 2. Slight increase in opacity at the right lung base may relate to\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, infectious process\n is not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are\n hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragms, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Slight increased opacity at the right lung base, best seen on the frontal view\n may relate to atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting,\n infectious process is not excluded. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. Chest\n radiography is inappropriate for evaluation of pulmonary embolism. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly\n enlarge."} {"question_id": 3356, "question": "Is there any acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed."} {"question_id": 3357, "question": "Are the lung volumes normal?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed."} {"question_id": 3358, "question": "Is the heart size within normal limits?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed."} {"question_id": 3359, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed."} {"question_id": 3360, "question": "Are there surgical clips present in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p11/p11512104/s52398109/5d4e5d0a-add681d2-faf8a518-e0062eff-6554d2d2.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mildly enlarged. Aortic knob is\n calcified. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged, with a small hiatal\n hernia again noted. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Multiple clips\n are seen in the right upper quadrant compatible with prior cholecystectomy. \n Degenerative changes of the left glenohumeral joint are incompletely assessed."} {"question_id": 3361, "question": "Are there small bilateral pleural effusions present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 3362, "question": "Are the lung volumes observed to be low?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 3363, "question": "Can two calcified granulomas be seen in the left lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 3364, "question": "Is there any evidence of focal consolidation or pneumothorax on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 3365, "question": "Are degenerative changes present in the spine according to the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12185775/s54133721/dc3b047f-54a16324-3e28091b-9d53d461-debc37f2.jpg", "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. Two\n calcified granulomas in the left lung are unchanged. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Degenerative changes are\n again seen in the spine."} {"question_id": 3366, "question": "Is the orogastric tube appropriately positioned?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 3367, "question": "Is there a possibility of left lower lobe pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 3368, "question": "Has the endotracheal tube (ETT) been removed since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 3369, "question": "Is there an enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 3370, "question": "Is there evidence of a pleural effusion or pneumothorax on the image?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s59941702/ab15addd-7646ff4c-89b05c13-b4ea8bb6-22be4b16.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned orogastric tube and PICC line.\n 2. Ill-defined left basilar opacities, which likely represent atelectasis, but\n an underlying left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and left hilum. Findings: There has been interval removal of the ETT and dobhoff. There is an\n orogastric tube seen with the tip and side hole below the diaphragm. There is\n a right-sided PICC line, which is unchanged in positioning.\n \n There are ill-defined opacities at the left base, which likely represent\n atelectasis, but an underlying lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but stable. The left hilum is\n prominent, likely reflecting pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen."} {"question_id": 3371, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint."} {"question_id": 3372, "question": "Does the patient have moderate pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint."} {"question_id": 3373, "question": "Are there bilateral pleural effusions present?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint."} {"question_id": 3374, "question": "Is there a pneumothorax present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint."} {"question_id": 3375, "question": "Are there severe degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19715857/s50848970/c8cfc832-b771f3f4-0862618d-c5b40b2a-86706006.jpg", "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema as well as\n small (right greater than left) pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Severe\n degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint."} {"question_id": 3376, "question": "Have the lungs remained well expanded since the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg", "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3377, "question": "Is the lingular opacity still present as it was in the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg", "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3378, "question": "Have any new opacities appeared since the last examination?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg", "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3379, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg", "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3380, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16435402/s57153483/3a2587b2-54d74fa2-bfaa41f8-376175a0-1ebd1aa5.jpg", "report": "impression: No change from ___. No new opacity.\n \n Requested wet read provided to Dr. ___ by phone ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Lingular opacity and\n right basilar linear atelectasis are unchanged from ___. No new\n opacity is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3381, "question": "Has the previously seen left perihilar consolidation resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT."} {"question_id": 3382, "question": "Have the bilateral pleural effusions resolved?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT."} {"question_id": 3383, "question": "Is the paratracheal opacity likely related to an enlarged thyroid gland?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT."} {"question_id": 3384, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the current X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT."} {"question_id": 3385, "question": "Is there an old rib deformity or fracture visible on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13353878/s57540712/8d70fba4-2de961f9-f5a521bd-99e41c4c-65e750ba.jpg", "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Paratracheal opacity most likely relates to enlarged thyroid gland seen on\n chest CT from ___, and followup recommendations per that CT remains. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Previously\n seen left perihilar consolidation has resolved in the interval. The bilateral\n pleural effusions have also resolved. Paratracheal opacity in the upper\n thorax, likely secondary to goiter seen on chest CT from ___, in\n conjunction with mediastinal nodes also seen on that study. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged, with left ventricular\n configuration. Mediastinal contours are stable. There is an old rib\n deformity/fracture of the posterior lateral left seventh rib, also seen on the\n prior chest CT."} {"question_id": 3386, "question": "Has there been a slight worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour."} {"question_id": 3387, "question": "Are the bilateral pleural effusions stable compared to the previous examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour."} {"question_id": 3388, "question": "Does the patient have severe cardiomegaly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour."} {"question_id": 3389, "question": "Is there any evidence of a pneumothorax on the current chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour."} {"question_id": 3390, "question": "Has the elevation of the right hemidiaphragmatic contour changed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13473495/s53351384/b740f79e-73da2f17-0d2dac03-2e639b9e-4e01c770.jpg", "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of atelectasis at the left lung base. Stable\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. Findings: The ET tube terminates 3.9 cm above the carina. There is an\n enteric tube which extends well below the diaphragm. Again seen is severe\n cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. The lung volumes\n continued to be low with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure and\n moderate bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There appears\n to be slight interval worsening of the bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. Note is again made of stable elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragmatic contour."} {"question_id": 3391, "question": "Has the right PICC line been removed?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours."} {"question_id": 3392, "question": "Are the lungs well expanded and clear?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours."} {"question_id": 3393, "question": "Is there any evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours."} {"question_id": 3394, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours."} {"question_id": 3395, "question": "Is the heart size abnormal on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15857729/s52057634/0d200bb3-f8564775-b6f65f57-a21dd9b7-d25d90ff.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views of the chest. Right PICC has been removed. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is normal in size with normal mediastinal contours."} {"question_id": 3396, "question": "Is there likely left basilar atelectasis present on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg", "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 3397, "question": "Are there any signs of acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg", "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 3398, "question": "Is there any focal consolidation visible on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg", "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 3399, "question": "Can a large pleural effusion be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg", "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 3400, "question": "Is there any overt pulmonary edema evident on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14841168/s57041570/306bc295-0e5c4259-e24a442d-9b2483b1-6478ee28.jpg", "report": "impression: Likely left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lateral\n views are somewhat underpenetrated in part due to the patient's overlying arm.\n Given this, there is persistent mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is seen. There is no focal consolidation. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Slight blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle is chronic. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable\n as comparison with ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen."} {"question_id": 3401, "question": "Does the patient show any radiographic evidence of an acute process? \n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen."} {"question_id": 3402, "question": "Are the lung fields clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax? \n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen."} {"question_id": 3403, "question": "Are the heart and mediastinal contours considered normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen."} {"question_id": 3404, "question": "Can sternal wires be seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen."} {"question_id": 3405, "question": "Is there hardware present from a mitral valve replacement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16116557/s51951386/0bb60711-8098a084-5f12d2bb-e8739a70-870e72a1.jpg", "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: The lung fields are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits. Sternal wires and mitral valve replacement hardware are again seen."} {"question_id": 3406, "question": "Is there a vague opacity in the right mid/lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3407, "question": "Could the opacity represent an infection?\n", "answer": "Yes, in the proper clinical setting.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3408, "question": "Are the lungs clear in areas other than the right mid/lower lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3409, "question": "Is there any layering pleural effusion noted?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3410, "question": "Is the cardiac silhouette enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14236258/s58255867/89761447-bc4663fb-0df82ab9-baf89987-3cefc06b.jpg", "report": "impression: Vague right mid/lower opacity, nonspecific the could represent infection in\n the proper clinical setting. Findings: Vague opacity projecting over the right mid/lower lung the which is new since\n prior. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. There is no layering effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but similar in configuration. Multiple vascular stents\n are again noted projecting over the SVC, left brachiocephalic vein and left\n upper extremity. Surgical clips project over the lower neck. No acute osseous\n abnormalities."} {"question_id": 3411, "question": "Has there been a progression of bilateral parenchymal infiltrates since the last study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study."} {"question_id": 3412, "question": "Are there new bilateral pleural effusions present without pulmonary vascular congestion?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study."} {"question_id": 3413, "question": "Is the heart size on the current chest X-ray unchanged from the previous study?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study."} {"question_id": 3414, "question": "Are there new parenchymal infiltrates in the left upper lobe apical segment and scattered small patchy infiltrates in the right mid lung field?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study."} {"question_id": 3415, "question": "Does the pulmonary vascular pattern show increased congestion compared to the previous study?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16662264/s55847451/b4a25932-1328eeb3-d6edac97-2f1a91ba-69790ccf.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of previously existing bilateral parenchymal\n infiltrates and newly developed additional infiltrates are observed. In\n addition, bilateral pleural effusions have developed in the absence of\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Referring physician, ___\n ___, was paged for stat report at 1:20 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The heart size remains unchanged. The\n previously described pneumonic infiltrates located to the right middle lobe\n and left upper lobe lingula have progressed in extension. New additional\n parenchymal infiltrates are now also seen in the left upper lobe apical\n segment and a few scattered small patchy infiltrates are observed in the right\n hemithorax mid lung field as well. In addition, there is now clear blunting\n of the right and left lateral pleural sinuses extending into the posterior\n pleural sinuses as identified on the lateral view. The pulmonary vascular\n pattern does not show increased congestion in comparison with the previous\n study."} {"question_id": 3416, "question": "Do the bilateral interstitial opacities suggest the possibility of interstitial lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted."} {"question_id": 3417, "question": "Is there a coronary stent visible over the heart?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted."} {"question_id": 3418, "question": "Is there evidence of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted."} {"question_id": 3419, "question": "Can pneumonia be confirmed from the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted."} {"question_id": 3420, "question": "Is there a deformity in the left clavicle?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p13/p13475033/s51351077/762d904e-6d16b5e3-99ff54e0-002a0d8e-c7ab5157.jpg", "report": "impression: Prominent bilateral interstitial opacities could reflect interstitial lung\n disease versus interstitial edema. Please correlate clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Coronary stent projects over the\n heart. A stent projects over the right upper arm. There is again noted to be\n coarsened prominent interstitial markings throughout both lungs which could\n reflect underlying fibrosis versus interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. A\n chronic left clavicular midshaft deformity is noted."} {"question_id": 3421, "question": "Is there an acute cardiopulmonary process present?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3422, "question": "Is a dual lead pacemaker present on the left side?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3423, "question": "Has the patient undergone median sternotomy?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3424, "question": "Is there any evidence of minimal left base atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3425, "question": "Are there any signs of displaced fracture?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p17/p17163861/s56013519/0f513599-eb6bddc9-4306d15d-46c7c0c2-a3c6c854.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position with leads extending to\n the expected positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3426, "question": "Is there a retrocardiac opacity on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg", "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3427, "question": "Does the patient have a hiatal hernia as seen on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg", "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3428, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours changed compared to previous X-rays?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg", "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3429, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg", "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3430, "question": "Can a pneumothorax be seen on this chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14608347/s54745568/310e9e4c-47270425-45970e01-10edadcc-1789ecf5.jpg", "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity represents hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. The lungs\n demonstrate improved vascular congestion. In the retrocardiac region, there\n is a rounded density which is confirmed on the lateral view, compatible with a\n hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax."} {"question_id": 3431, "question": "Does the patient show any evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits."} {"question_id": 3432, "question": "Has the right-sided internal jugular central venous line been removed since the last imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits."} {"question_id": 3433, "question": "Are there multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits."} {"question_id": 3434, "question": "Are the lung volumes low, possibly leading to crowding of the bronchovascular structures?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits."} {"question_id": 3435, "question": "Is there any indication of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19907884/s55036801/6a92203f-216df921-4fce7d2a-acd7f2ac-ff08b6bf.jpg", "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of a right-sided internal jugular central venous line.\n Multiple metallic clips overlying the superior mediastinum are unchanged in\n position. Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits."} {"question_id": 3436, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema progressed since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions."} {"question_id": 3437, "question": "Is there any change in the bibasilar atelectasis compared to the previous report?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions."} {"question_id": 3438, "question": "Is there evidence of mild cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions."} {"question_id": 3439, "question": "Are the median sternotomy wires intact?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions."} {"question_id": 3440, "question": "Are the mediastinal clips in the expected positions?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12952223/s54128066/88fa75e4-2f2e9c03-71433ae3-1d8780f4-1e2eae3c.jpg", "report": "impression: Progression of moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has progressed since yesterday. Bibasilar\n atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardimegally is similar. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact and mediastinal clips are in expected positions."} {"question_id": 3441, "question": "Does the patient have an acute cardiopulmonary process?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted."} {"question_id": 3442, "question": "Are the cardiomediastinal contours normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted."} {"question_id": 3443, "question": "Is there bibasilar atelectasis present in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted."} {"question_id": 3444, "question": "Can a subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent be seen in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted."} {"question_id": 3445, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax in the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14744884/s59794546/002ec547-39998a44-001fa06f-b2d03591-048c0d40.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Bilateral low lung volumes\n with crowding of bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs show mildly low lung volumes with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. \n Subclavian/brachiocephalic venous stent is unchanged in position.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted."} {"question_id": 3446, "question": "Are there any acute findings in the chest?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact."} {"question_id": 3447, "question": "Are the lungs appearing clear despite the low lung volumes?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact."} {"question_id": 3448, "question": "Is there any evidence of a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact."} {"question_id": 3449, "question": "Does the cardiomediastinal silhouette appear normal?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact."} {"question_id": 3450, "question": "Is there a calcified granuloma present in the right lateral mid lung?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p19/p19928916/s54375943/7022a121-c39c1e71-7fc1c7f7-d24120be-62decb00.jpg", "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: Portable AP upright chest radiograph was obtained. Low lung\n volumes noted. Allowing for this, the lungs appear clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. A\n calcified granuloma projects over the right lateral mid lung. Bony structures\n are intact."} {"question_id": 3451, "question": "Does the patient exhibit central pulmonary vascular engorgement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3452, "question": "Is there evidence of overt pulmonary edema?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3453, "question": "Has the right internal jugular central venous catheter been removed since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3454, "question": "Is there any definite focal consolidation indicative of pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3455, "question": "Can a large pleural effusion or pneumothorax be seen on the X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p16/p16050730/s50776901/b57f6693-0b6cfcff-9a77d958-c0a4c1f5-fab766d2.jpg", "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable given\n differences in patient position. Mild prominence of the hila suggest central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement with mild peribronchial cuffing. No definite\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3456, "question": "Does the patient have a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3457, "question": "Are there any linear opacities in the left costophrenic angle that suggest improving atelectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3458, "question": "Is there evidence of pneumothorax on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3459, "question": "Is a small left pleural effusion present on the image?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3460, "question": "Are the findings consistent with a worsening of the patient's previous condition?\n", "answer": "No. (The report mentions \"improving atelectasis,\" implying the condition is getting better, not worse.)", "image": "p15/p15192710/s58836461/dc93422b-fd5ec685-19eb4eba-fb31f8d0-b60d8b47.jpg", "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion and improving atelectasis, but no\n pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Subtle linear\n horizontally oriented opacities in the left costophrenic angle appear improved\n compared to prior exams and likely reflect the sequelae of resolving\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. A small left pleural effusion is\n seen."} {"question_id": 3461, "question": "Has the pulmonary edema improved since the last examination?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged"} {"question_id": 3462, "question": "Is there evidence of cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged"} {"question_id": 3463, "question": "Are the pacer leads positioned correctly?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged"} {"question_id": 3464, "question": "Is the right PICC line in the same position as before?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged"} {"question_id": 3465, "question": "Have the bilateral pleural effusions changed in size since the last X-ray?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p12/p12595991/s50749866/9df33cee-a5533c4d-56048d41-edb2923b-6b01ac1f.jpg", "report": "impression: Improved pulmonary edema. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard\n position. ET tube is in standard position. Left IJ catheter tip is in the mid\n SVC . Right PICC is in unchanged position. NG tube tip is out of view below\n the diaphragm. Vascular congestion has improved. Bibasilar atelectasis have\n improved. Bilateral effusions right greater than left are unchanged"} {"question_id": 3466, "question": "Has the right upper lobe infiltrate shown improvement?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3467, "question": "Is there any new lung consolidation?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3468, "question": "Are the lungs hyperinflated?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3469, "question": "Is there a nodule present in the right lower lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} {"question_id": 3470, "question": "Is there any evidence of pneumothorax?\n", "answer": "No.", "image": "p14/p14295224/s53458437/17799b54-f6da063b-4b089f2b-c496ec31-de79a706.jpg", "report": "impression: Right upper lobe infiltrate has improved since ___. There is no\n new lung consolidation. Findings: The patient has prior history of gastric pull-through with radiation therapy\n for esophageal cancer.\n \n Right upper lobe consolidation in posterior segment has slightly improved. \n The lungs are hyperinflated. 6 mm right lower lobe nodule is unchanged since\n ___. Small right pleural effusion is stable since ___. There is\n no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal."} ================================================ FILE: data/test/vqa/pmc-oa_test.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "question": "Is there immunoreaction for CA IX in Panel A?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2874782_F1_64665.jpg", "report": "Representative immunostaining of CA enzymes in MBs. Panel A shows no immunoreaction for CA IX, whereas the tumour in panel B is strongly positive. Panel C demonstrates CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumour cells. In panel D, CA II-positive immunostaining is confined to the endothelium of small blood vessels (arrows). All magnifications ×400."} {"question_id": 2, "question": "Is the tumor in Panel B strongly positive for CA IX?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2874782_F1_64665.jpg", "report": "Representative immunostaining of CA enzymes in MBs. Panel A shows no immunoreaction for CA IX, whereas the tumour in panel B is strongly positive. Panel C demonstrates CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumour cells. In panel D, CA II-positive immunostaining is confined to the endothelium of small blood vessels (arrows). All magnifications ×400."} {"question_id": 3, "question": "Does Panel C show CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2874782_F1_64665.jpg", "report": "Representative immunostaining of CA enzymes in MBs. Panel A shows no immunoreaction for CA IX, whereas the tumour in panel B is strongly positive. Panel C demonstrates CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumour cells. In panel D, CA II-positive immunostaining is confined to the endothelium of small blood vessels (arrows). All magnifications ×400."} {"question_id": 4, "question": "Is CA II-positive immunostaining found throughout the tumor cells in Panel D?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2874782_F1_64665.jpg", "report": "Representative immunostaining of CA enzymes in MBs. Panel A shows no immunoreaction for CA IX, whereas the tumour in panel B is strongly positive. Panel C demonstrates CA XII-positive immunoreactivity in tumour cells. In panel D, CA II-positive immunostaining is confined to the endothelium of small blood vessels (arrows). All magnifications ×400."} {"question_id": 5, "question": "Does the gross morphological examination of the lung reveal neoplastic nodules after aerosol delivery of shOPN?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3008732_pone-0015623-g001_81993.jpg", "report": "Lentivirus-shOPN decreases metastasis to the lung.(A) Gross morphological examination of the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. White circles indicate neoplastic nodules observed in the lung. (B) Histopathological examination of lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. Magnification (×200) scale bar: 50 µm."} {"question_id": 6, "question": "Are neoplastic nodules absent in the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3008732_pone-0015623-g001_81993.jpg", "report": "Lentivirus-shOPN decreases metastasis to the lung.(A) Gross morphological examination of the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. White circles indicate neoplastic nodules observed in the lung. (B) Histopathological examination of lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. Magnification (×200) scale bar: 50 µm."} {"question_id": 7, "question": "Was the histopathological examination of the lung performed at a magnification of 200x?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3008732_pone-0015623-g001_81993.jpg", "report": "Lentivirus-shOPN decreases metastasis to the lung.(A) Gross morphological examination of the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. White circles indicate neoplastic nodules observed in the lung. (B) Histopathological examination of lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. Magnification (×200) scale bar: 50 µm."} {"question_id": 8, "question": "Does the histopathological examination of the lung show features other than neoplastic nodules after aerosol delivery of shOPN?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3008732_pone-0015623-g001_81993.jpg", "report": "Lentivirus-shOPN decreases metastasis to the lung.(A) Gross morphological examination of the lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. White circles indicate neoplastic nodules observed in the lung. (B) Histopathological examination of lung after aerosol delivery of shOPN for 1 or 2 months. Magnification (×200) scale bar: 50 µm."} {"question_id": 9, "question": "Is the biopsy indicative of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2879550_fig3_65398.jpg", "report": "Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+."} {"question_id": 10, "question": "Does the antibody staining for CD 20 show a negative result?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2879550_fig3_65398.jpg", "report": "Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+."} {"question_id": 11, "question": "Is the BCL6 antibody staining positive in the stomach biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2879550_fig3_65398.jpg", "report": "Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+."} {"question_id": 12, "question": "Is the Ki67 antibody staining negative in this biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2879550_fig3_65398.jpg", "report": "Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+."} {"question_id": 14, "question": "Were the gingival cells grown to 100% confluence before being pulsed with Candida?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862961_fig3_63363.jpg", "report": "\nC. parapsilosis adhesion to the gingival epithelial monolayer culture. Human gingival cells were grown up to 80% confluence, pulsed with C. parapsilosis or C. albicans, and incubated for 6 hours with or without serum. Following this culture period, the supernatant containing nonattached Candida was discarded, and the cultures were washed and stained with Cristal violet. Representative photographs are presented. Magnification: 250×."} {"question_id": 17, "question": "Is the wetting agent observed beyond the edge of the swarm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2704215_F4_41003.jpg", "report": "A wetting agent is present beyond the edge of the swarm. Colony photography using reflected light (A, B) illustrating the presence of a wetting agent (arrows) preceding the spreading colony on (A) FW medium with succinate and NH4Cl as C, N source. B) Colony spread is limited by 500 μg/L CR, but wetting agent spreads as above. C) Drop collapse assay using dilute methylene blue solution showing the reduced surface tension in the wetting agent zone (left of the black line)."} {"question_id": 18, "question": "Does the presence of 500 μg/L CR completely inhibit the spread of the wetting agent?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2704215_F4_41003.jpg", "report": "A wetting agent is present beyond the edge of the swarm. Colony photography using reflected light (A, B) illustrating the presence of a wetting agent (arrows) preceding the spreading colony on (A) FW medium with succinate and NH4Cl as C, N source. B) Colony spread is limited by 500 μg/L CR, but wetting agent spreads as above. C) Drop collapse assay using dilute methylene blue solution showing the reduced surface tension in the wetting agent zone (left of the black line)."} {"question_id": 19, "question": "Is methylene blue used in the drop collapse assay to demonstrate reduced surface tension?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2704215_F4_41003.jpg", "report": "A wetting agent is present beyond the edge of the swarm. Colony photography using reflected light (A, B) illustrating the presence of a wetting agent (arrows) preceding the spreading colony on (A) FW medium with succinate and NH4Cl as C, N source. B) Colony spread is limited by 500 μg/L CR, but wetting agent spreads as above. C) Drop collapse assay using dilute methylene blue solution showing the reduced surface tension in the wetting agent zone (left of the black line)."} {"question_id": 20, "question": "Is the colony spread limited by NH4Cl in the FW medium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2704215_F4_41003.jpg", "report": "A wetting agent is present beyond the edge of the swarm. Colony photography using reflected light (A, B) illustrating the presence of a wetting agent (arrows) preceding the spreading colony on (A) FW medium with succinate and NH4Cl as C, N source. B) Colony spread is limited by 500 μg/L CR, but wetting agent spreads as above. C) Drop collapse assay using dilute methylene blue solution showing the reduced surface tension in the wetting agent zone (left of the black line)."} {"question_id": 21, "question": "Is the cellularity in the provided sample satisfactory?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1262738_F1_3551.jpg", "report": "Lg-SIL : cellularity is satisfactory (Papanicolaou stain, high magnification – 20x objective, Papspin® system). HCII was positive."} {"question_id": 22, "question": "Was the sample stained using the Papanicolaou method?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1262738_F1_3551.jpg", "report": "Lg-SIL : cellularity is satisfactory (Papanicolaou stain, high magnification – 20x objective, Papspin® system). HCII was positive."} {"question_id": 23, "question": "Was the HCII test result negative?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1262738_F1_3551.jpg", "report": "Lg-SIL : cellularity is satisfactory (Papanicolaou stain, high magnification – 20x objective, Papspin® system). HCII was positive."} {"question_id": 24, "question": "Was the high magnification used for the sample 20x objective?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1262738_F1_3551.jpg", "report": "Lg-SIL : cellularity is satisfactory (Papanicolaou stain, high magnification – 20x objective, Papspin® system). HCII was positive."} {"question_id": 25, "question": "Were the cells allowed to develop for 24 hours during the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2890595_F4_67047.jpg", "report": "Mixing with 10% wild-type cells begins to rescue the culmination defect of cpnA- cells. Wild-type and cpnA- Dictyostelium cells were mixed at various ratios, plated on black filters in starvation buffer at 5 × 107 cells/mL, and allowed to develop for 24 hours. The wild-type cell percentage is given in the lower right of each image. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 20× magnification (scale bar = 1 mm). Arrows (C-F) point to stalks."} {"question_id": 26, "question": "Were the images taken at a magnification of 40×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2890595_F4_67047.jpg", "report": "Mixing with 10% wild-type cells begins to rescue the culmination defect of cpnA- cells. Wild-type and cpnA- Dictyostelium cells were mixed at various ratios, plated on black filters in starvation buffer at 5 × 107 cells/mL, and allowed to develop for 24 hours. The wild-type cell percentage is given in the lower right of each image. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 20× magnification (scale bar = 1 mm). Arrows (C-F) point to stalks."} {"question_id": 28, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images equal to 2 mm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2890595_F4_67047.jpg", "report": "Mixing with 10% wild-type cells begins to rescue the culmination defect of cpnA- cells. Wild-type and cpnA- Dictyostelium cells were mixed at various ratios, plated on black filters in starvation buffer at 5 × 107 cells/mL, and allowed to develop for 24 hours. The wild-type cell percentage is given in the lower right of each image. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 20× magnification (scale bar = 1 mm). Arrows (C-F) point to stalks."} {"question_id": 29, "question": "Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest CT scan?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2519073_F3_26947.jpg", "report": "The structure of the leaf using modified 2PLSM."} {"question_id": 30, "question": "Is the solitary pulmonary nodule located in the right upper lobe?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2519073_F3_26947.jpg", "report": "The structure of the leaf using modified 2PLSM."} {"question_id": 31, "question": "Does the nodule exhibit smooth margins?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2519073_F3_26947.jpg", "report": "The structure of the leaf using modified 2PLSM."} {"question_id": 32, "question": "Is there any evidence of lymphadenopathy in the chest CT scan?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2519073_F3_26947.jpg", "report": "The structure of the leaf using modified 2PLSM."} {"question_id": 33, "question": "Is NKp46 immunostaining used in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3017546_pone-0014497-g004_83409.jpg", "report": "NKp46 immunostaining.Patients with an overexpression of IL-18 and with low (A) or high level of TWEAK (B). Magnification is 20X (first column) and 40X (second column). ep: epithelium, s: stroma, gl: glands, sa: spiral arteries."} {"question_id": 34, "question": "Are spiral arteries visible in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3017546_pone-0014497-g004_83409.jpg", "report": "NKp46 immunostaining.Patients with an overexpression of IL-18 and with low (A) or high level of TWEAK (B). Magnification is 20X (first column) and 40X (second column). ep: epithelium, s: stroma, gl: glands, sa: spiral arteries."} {"question_id": 36, "question": "Are epithelial and stromal regions identified in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3017546_pone-0014497-g004_83409.jpg", "report": "NKp46 immunostaining.Patients with an overexpression of IL-18 and with low (A) or high level of TWEAK (B). Magnification is 20X (first column) and 40X (second column). ep: epithelium, s: stroma, gl: glands, sa: spiral arteries."} {"question_id": 37, "question": "Are HeLa and L929 mammalian cell lines used in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2754491_F3_47132.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CFP-TPs in the mammalian cells HeLa and L929 observed under a confocal microscope (TCS SP2, Leica). The images a and b show DAPI staining nucleus of cells HeLa and L929; the images c and d, e and f, g and h, and i and j show CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions in the HeLa and L929 cells, respectively."} {"question_id": 38, "question": "Is the nucleus of HeLa and L929 cells stained with GFP in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2754491_F3_47132.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CFP-TPs in the mammalian cells HeLa and L929 observed under a confocal microscope (TCS SP2, Leica). The images a and b show DAPI staining nucleus of cells HeLa and L929; the images c and d, e and f, g and h, and i and j show CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions in the HeLa and L929 cells, respectively."} {"question_id": 40, "question": "Are CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions observed in the HeLa cells only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2754491_F3_47132.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CFP-TPs in the mammalian cells HeLa and L929 observed under a confocal microscope (TCS SP2, Leica). The images a and b show DAPI staining nucleus of cells HeLa and L929; the images c and d, e and f, g and h, and i and j show CFP-TP1, CFP-TP2, CFP-TP3, and CFP-TP4 expressions in the HeLa and L929 cells, respectively."} {"question_id": 41, "question": "Does Masson's trichrome stain blue to indicate ECM protein deposition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2780448_F1_51550.jpg", "report": "Liver fibrosis. The liver section stained with Masson's trichrome from a control (A), compared with a BDI patient (B) showed significant deposition of ECM proteins (blue stain) in B."} {"question_id": 42, "question": "Is there significant ECM protein deposition in the liver section from the control patient?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2780448_F1_51550.jpg", "report": "Liver fibrosis. The liver section stained with Masson's trichrome from a control (A), compared with a BDI patient (B) showed significant deposition of ECM proteins (blue stain) in B."} {"question_id": 43, "question": "Can liver fibrosis be assessed by ECM protein deposition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2780448_F1_51550.jpg", "report": "Liver fibrosis. The liver section stained with Masson's trichrome from a control (A), compared with a BDI patient (B) showed significant deposition of ECM proteins (blue stain) in B."} {"question_id": 44, "question": "Is the liver section from the BDI patient free from significant ECM protein deposition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2780448_F1_51550.jpg", "report": "Liver fibrosis. The liver section stained with Masson's trichrome from a control (A), compared with a BDI patient (B) showed significant deposition of ECM proteins (blue stain) in B."} {"question_id": 45, "question": "Is the PTEN/MMAC1 protein detected in melanoma cells in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2376294_fig2_22441.jpg", "report": "Immunhistochemical staining of serial tissue sections of a nodular melanoma, tumour thickness according to Breslow 1.4 mm, Clark's level IV. The PTEN/MMAC1 protein was detected in melanoma cells and was not restricted to tumour associated macrophages. (a) Hematoxylin Eosin, (b) HMB45, (c) CD68, (d) PTEN/MMAC1 staining (all magnification 25×, nickel enhanced DAB reaction resulting in black signals)."} {"question_id": 47, "question": "Is the thickness of the tumor according to Breslow 1.4 mm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2376294_fig2_22441.jpg", "report": "Immunhistochemical staining of serial tissue sections of a nodular melanoma, tumour thickness according to Breslow 1.4 mm, Clark's level IV. The PTEN/MMAC1 protein was detected in melanoma cells and was not restricted to tumour associated macrophages. (a) Hematoxylin Eosin, (b) HMB45, (c) CD68, (d) PTEN/MMAC1 staining (all magnification 25×, nickel enhanced DAB reaction resulting in black signals)."} {"question_id": 48, "question": "Is the tumor according to Clark's level II?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2376294_fig2_22441.jpg", "report": "Immunhistochemical staining of serial tissue sections of a nodular melanoma, tumour thickness according to Breslow 1.4 mm, Clark's level IV. The PTEN/MMAC1 protein was detected in melanoma cells and was not restricted to tumour associated macrophages. (a) Hematoxylin Eosin, (b) HMB45, (c) CD68, (d) PTEN/MMAC1 staining (all magnification 25×, nickel enhanced DAB reaction resulting in black signals)."} {"question_id": 49, "question": "Can acute eosinophilic pneumonia be diagnosed when many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2668105_CPT-62-05-0387-f04_37192.jpg", "report": "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) When many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces in a patient with acute lung disease, a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is appropriate. (B) Organisation in alveolar spaces, and rarely hyaline membranes, may be present. (A,B) H&E stain, 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 50, "question": "Are hyaline membranes commonly present in acute eosinophilic pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2668105_CPT-62-05-0387-f04_37192.jpg", "report": "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) When many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces in a patient with acute lung disease, a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is appropriate. (B) Organisation in alveolar spaces, and rarely hyaline membranes, may be present. (A,B) H&E stain, 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 51, "question": "Is organization in alveolar spaces a possible finding in acute eosinophilic pneumonia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2668105_CPT-62-05-0387-f04_37192.jpg", "report": "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) When many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces in a patient with acute lung disease, a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is appropriate. (B) Organisation in alveolar spaces, and rarely hyaline membranes, may be present. (A,B) H&E stain, 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 52, "question": "Is the H&E stain used to identify acute eosinophilic pneumonia at 400× original magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2668105_CPT-62-05-0387-f04_37192.jpg", "report": "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) When many eosinophils are visible in the airspaces in a patient with acute lung disease, a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is appropriate. (B) Organisation in alveolar spaces, and rarely hyaline membranes, may be present. (A,B) H&E stain, 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 54, "question": "Is Paragon a winter variety of plant? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2685395_F1_38929.jpg", "report": "Dissected crown tissue from 6 week old plants that have experienced a gradual decline in temperature and light: a) Solstice, a winter variety; b) Paragon, a spring variety. The two images are at the same magnification."} {"question_id": 55, "question": "Were the plants exposed to a gradual decline in temperature and light? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685395_F1_38929.jpg", "report": "Dissected crown tissue from 6 week old plants that have experienced a gradual decline in temperature and light: a) Solstice, a winter variety; b) Paragon, a spring variety. The two images are at the same magnification."} {"question_id": 57, "question": "Are the A549 cells infected with YS001 bacteria in the given image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2276502_F2_19785.jpg", "report": "Electric microscopic observation of A549 cells infected with YS001. Bacteria attached (arrows) to the cell and the microvilli (arrow heads) of the cell are recognized. Bars, 1 μm (A) and 0.5 μm (B)."} {"question_id": 58, "question": "Are the bacteria within the A549 cells instead of being attached to the cell surface?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2276502_F2_19785.jpg", "report": "Electric microscopic observation of A549 cells infected with YS001. Bacteria attached (arrows) to the cell and the microvilli (arrow heads) of the cell are recognized. Bars, 1 μm (A) and 0.5 μm (B)."} {"question_id": 59, "question": "Do the arrows in the image point to bacteria attached to the cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2276502_F2_19785.jpg", "report": "Electric microscopic observation of A549 cells infected with YS001. Bacteria attached (arrows) to the cell and the microvilli (arrow heads) of the cell are recognized. Bars, 1 μm (A) and 0.5 μm (B)."} {"question_id": 60, "question": "Are the microvilli of the cell unrecognizable in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2276502_F2_19785.jpg", "report": "Electric microscopic observation of A549 cells infected with YS001. Bacteria attached (arrows) to the cell and the microvilli (arrow heads) of the cell are recognized. Bars, 1 μm (A) and 0.5 μm (B)."} {"question_id": 61, "question": "Were the Sense probe negative controls in panels A-C free of nuclear staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2859758_F3_62873.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×."} {"question_id": 62, "question": "Did the in situ hybridization detect HPV, EBV, and KSHV in all tumor cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2859758_F3_62873.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×."} {"question_id": 63, "question": "Do panels D-F show positive cells with dark brown nuclear staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2859758_F3_62873.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×."} {"question_id": 64, "question": "Is the magnification in panels G-I lower than in panels D-F?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2859758_F3_62873.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization. Panels A-C shows results from Sense probe negative controls with no detectable nuclear staining. Panels D-F the positive cells of tissue sections probed with HPV-L1, EBV-EBER, and KSHV-ORF72 showed dark brown staining of the nucleus. The probes did not detect all viruses in all tumor cells, however, HPV, EBV, and KSHV were detected in some regions. Panels G-I shows a higher magnification of 60× compared to panels D-F which showed magnification of 40×."} {"question_id": 65, "question": "Does the pretreatment biopsy show an increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2910694_F1_69939.jpg", "report": "Protein Expression by Immunofluorescence. Pretreatment biopsies revealed increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens as compared with non malignant pancreatic tissue. No such trends were noted for pErk/Erk or pmTOR/mTOR. Immunofluorescence results depicted above."} {"question_id": 66, "question": "Is there an observed trend in the pErk/Erk ratio between tumor and non-malignant pancreatic tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2910694_F1_69939.jpg", "report": "Protein Expression by Immunofluorescence. Pretreatment biopsies revealed increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens as compared with non malignant pancreatic tissue. No such trends were noted for pErk/Erk or pmTOR/mTOR. Immunofluorescence results depicted above."} {"question_id": 67, "question": "Do the immunofluorescence results show a significant trend for pmTOR/mTOR in tumor specimens compared to non-malignant tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2910694_F1_69939.jpg", "report": "Protein Expression by Immunofluorescence. Pretreatment biopsies revealed increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens as compared with non malignant pancreatic tissue. No such trends were noted for pErk/Erk or pmTOR/mTOR. Immunofluorescence results depicted above."} {"question_id": 68, "question": "Were non-malignant pancreatic tissues used as a comparison in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2910694_F1_69939.jpg", "report": "Protein Expression by Immunofluorescence. Pretreatment biopsies revealed increased pAkt/Akt ratio in tumor specimens as compared with non malignant pancreatic tissue. No such trends were noted for pErk/Erk or pmTOR/mTOR. Immunofluorescence results depicted above."} {"question_id": 69, "question": "Are IMV particles observed in WR-infected cells in the electron micrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2688674_fig10_39340.jpg", "report": "E2 and F12 are required for IEV morphogenesis. Electron micrographs showing the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment in WR-, ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 h post infection. In WR-infected cells IMV (black arrows) and wrapped brick-shaped IEV (yellow arrows) are readily observed. In contrast, in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells, IEV are partially wrapped (red arrows) and embedded in a dense tubular network of membranes. Scale bars = 2 μm top panels and 0.5 μm bottom panels."} {"question_id": 70, "question": "Is the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment seen in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2688674_fig10_39340.jpg", "report": "E2 and F12 are required for IEV morphogenesis. Electron micrographs showing the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment in WR-, ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 h post infection. In WR-infected cells IMV (black arrows) and wrapped brick-shaped IEV (yellow arrows) are readily observed. In contrast, in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells, IEV are partially wrapped (red arrows) and embedded in a dense tubular network of membranes. Scale bars = 2 μm top panels and 0.5 μm bottom panels."} {"question_id": 71, "question": "Are the IEV particles in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells fully wrapped?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2688674_fig10_39340.jpg", "report": "E2 and F12 are required for IEV morphogenesis. Electron micrographs showing the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment in WR-, ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 h post infection. In WR-infected cells IMV (black arrows) and wrapped brick-shaped IEV (yellow arrows) are readily observed. In contrast, in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells, IEV are partially wrapped (red arrows) and embedded in a dense tubular network of membranes. Scale bars = 2 μm top panels and 0.5 μm bottom panels."} {"question_id": 72, "question": "Are wrapped brick-shaped IEV particles observed in WR-infected cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2688674_fig10_39340.jpg", "report": "E2 and F12 are required for IEV morphogenesis. Electron micrographs showing the peri-nuclear wrapping compartment in WR-, ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected HeLa cells at 8 h post infection. In WR-infected cells IMV (black arrows) and wrapped brick-shaped IEV (yellow arrows) are readily observed. In contrast, in ΔE2L- and ΔF12L-infected cells, IEV are partially wrapped (red arrows) and embedded in a dense tubular network of membranes. Scale bars = 2 μm top panels and 0.5 μm bottom panels."} {"question_id": 73, "question": "Are Vero cells infected with BTV-10 used in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1783847_F2_9085.jpg", "report": "Distribution of VP2 within infected and transfected Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy. A) Cells infected with BTV-10, B-E) transfected cells expressing B) VP2, C) VP2-GFP, D) GFP-VP2 and E) GFP only. VP2 in A and B were detected with anti VP2 monoclonal antibody (rabbit) and either FITC (A) or TRITC (B) conjugated secondary antibody. C-E were visualised based on GFP fluorescence. Expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants was confirmed by western blot using an anti-GFP antibody (F)."} {"question_id": 74, "question": "Is VP2 detected with anti-VP2 monoclonal antibody in transfected cells expressing GFP only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1783847_F2_9085.jpg", "report": "Distribution of VP2 within infected and transfected Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy. A) Cells infected with BTV-10, B-E) transfected cells expressing B) VP2, C) VP2-GFP, D) GFP-VP2 and E) GFP only. VP2 in A and B were detected with anti VP2 monoclonal antibody (rabbit) and either FITC (A) or TRITC (B) conjugated secondary antibody. C-E were visualised based on GFP fluorescence. Expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants was confirmed by western blot using an anti-GFP antibody (F)."} {"question_id": 75, "question": "Are cells transfected with VP2-GFP visualized based on GFP fluorescence?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1783847_F2_9085.jpg", "report": "Distribution of VP2 within infected and transfected Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy. A) Cells infected with BTV-10, B-E) transfected cells expressing B) VP2, C) VP2-GFP, D) GFP-VP2 and E) GFP only. VP2 in A and B were detected with anti VP2 monoclonal antibody (rabbit) and either FITC (A) or TRITC (B) conjugated secondary antibody. C-E were visualised based on GFP fluorescence. Expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants was confirmed by western blot using an anti-GFP antibody (F)."} {"question_id": 76, "question": "Is the expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants confirmed by immunohistochemistry in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1783847_F2_9085.jpg", "report": "Distribution of VP2 within infected and transfected Vero cells by fluorescence microscopy. A) Cells infected with BTV-10, B-E) transfected cells expressing B) VP2, C) VP2-GFP, D) GFP-VP2 and E) GFP only. VP2 in A and B were detected with anti VP2 monoclonal antibody (rabbit) and either FITC (A) or TRITC (B) conjugated secondary antibody. C-E were visualised based on GFP fluorescence. Expression of full-length, tagged VP2 variants was confirmed by western blot using an anti-GFP antibody (F)."} {"question_id": 77, "question": "Does DENV-2 infection in mice lead to hepatocyte degeneration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X."} {"question_id": 78, "question": "Are the liver sections from non-infected mice showing signs of congestion and hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X."} {"question_id": 79, "question": "Were the liver tissue samples taken from mice on day 6 post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X."} {"question_id": 80, "question": "Did the study include liver samples from CCR1–/–, CCR2–/–, and CCR4–/– mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X."} {"question_id": 81, "question": "Are the images taken at a magnification of 1000X?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3012079_pone-0015680-g003_82587.jpg", "report": "Histological changes in liver upon DENV-2 infection in mice.WT or KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 LD50 of DENV-2 and then sacrificed at day 6 for tissue samples. Hematoxylin & Eosin stained liver sections from non-infected and DENV-2 infected WT, CCR1–/–, CCR2–/– and CCR4–/– mice, showing different degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Each slide presented in the panel is representative of at least 10 different fields (n = 5–6 mice). Magnification: 400X."} {"question_id": 82, "question": "Is StAR protein expression analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584631_F2_30303.jpg", "report": "StAR protein localization. StAR protein expression was analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody on Day 16 (a) and 22 (b) of pregnancy and Day 3 post-partum (c). Immunoreactive-StAR was observed across all days in the CL compartment, specifically in luteal cells (lc). Sections treated without the primary antibody showed no immunostaining (d). The staining pattern and intensity were consistent between immunohistochemical runs (n = 4). [Magnification 400×]"} {"question_id": 83, "question": "Was immunoreactive-StAR observed only on Day 16 of pregnancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2584631_F2_30303.jpg", "report": "StAR protein localization. StAR protein expression was analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody on Day 16 (a) and 22 (b) of pregnancy and Day 3 post-partum (c). Immunoreactive-StAR was observed across all days in the CL compartment, specifically in luteal cells (lc). Sections treated without the primary antibody showed no immunostaining (d). The staining pattern and intensity were consistent between immunohistochemical runs (n = 4). [Magnification 400×]"} {"question_id": 84, "question": "Are luteal cells the specific cells showing StAR protein expression in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584631_F2_30303.jpg", "report": "StAR protein localization. StAR protein expression was analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody on Day 16 (a) and 22 (b) of pregnancy and Day 3 post-partum (c). Immunoreactive-StAR was observed across all days in the CL compartment, specifically in luteal cells (lc). Sections treated without the primary antibody showed no immunostaining (d). The staining pattern and intensity were consistent between immunohistochemical runs (n = 4). [Magnification 400×]"} {"question_id": 85, "question": "Did sections treated without the primary antibody show immunostaining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2584631_F2_30303.jpg", "report": "StAR protein localization. StAR protein expression was analyzed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse StAR antibody on Day 16 (a) and 22 (b) of pregnancy and Day 3 post-partum (c). Immunoreactive-StAR was observed across all days in the CL compartment, specifically in luteal cells (lc). Sections treated without the primary antibody showed no immunostaining (d). The staining pattern and intensity were consistent between immunohistochemical runs (n = 4). [Magnification 400×]"} {"question_id": 86, "question": "Were murine retinal explants used in the study to map the active regions of the NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2951342_pone-0013075-g003_75452.jpg", "report": "Mapping the active regions of the murine and human NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs using electroporation of mouse retinal explants.Retinal explants were electroporated at P0 with the GFP expression vector driven by different fragments of the Nxnl promoters and cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV5). (A) NXNL1 (B) Nxnl1 (C) NXNL2 (D) Nxnl2. The intensity of fluorescence of a GFP reporter under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter (pCIG) is provided for comparison."} {"question_id": 87, "question": "Were the retinal explants electroporated at P5?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2951342_pone-0013075-g003_75452.jpg", "report": "Mapping the active regions of the murine and human NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs using electroporation of mouse retinal explants.Retinal explants were electroporated at P0 with the GFP expression vector driven by different fragments of the Nxnl promoters and cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV5). (A) NXNL1 (B) Nxnl1 (C) NXNL2 (D) Nxnl2. The intensity of fluorescence of a GFP reporter under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter (pCIG) is provided for comparison."} {"question_id": 88, "question": "Does the study include a comparison of GFP expression under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2951342_pone-0013075-g003_75452.jpg", "report": "Mapping the active regions of the murine and human NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs using electroporation of mouse retinal explants.Retinal explants were electroporated at P0 with the GFP expression vector driven by different fragments of the Nxnl promoters and cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV5). (A) NXNL1 (B) Nxnl1 (C) NXNL2 (D) Nxnl2. The intensity of fluorescence of a GFP reporter under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter (pCIG) is provided for comparison."} {"question_id": 89, "question": "Were human retinal explants used exclusively in the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2951342_pone-0013075-g003_75452.jpg", "report": "Mapping the active regions of the murine and human NXNL1 and NXNL2 promoter constructs using electroporation of mouse retinal explants.Retinal explants were electroporated at P0 with the GFP expression vector driven by different fragments of the Nxnl promoters and cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV5). (A) NXNL1 (B) Nxnl1 (C) NXNL2 (D) Nxnl2. The intensity of fluorescence of a GFP reporter under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter (pCIG) is provided for comparison."} {"question_id": 90, "question": "Is the xanthogranulomatous reaction associated with chronic inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1634748_F1_7620.jpg", "report": "Subcutaneous bile lake with associated xanthogranulomatous reaction (H&E stain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 91, "question": "Are bile lakes typically found within the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1634748_F1_7620.jpg", "report": "Subcutaneous bile lake with associated xanthogranulomatous reaction (H&E stain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 92, "question": "Does the xanthogranulomatous reaction indicate the presence of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1634748_F1_7620.jpg", "report": "Subcutaneous bile lake with associated xanthogranulomatous reaction (H&E stain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 93, "question": "Can xanthogranulomatous reactions include macrophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1634748_F1_7620.jpg", "report": "Subcutaneous bile lake with associated xanthogranulomatous reaction (H&E stain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 94, "question": "Does the original image show the biopsy without any color distance modifications?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500098_F1_26404.jpg", "report": "Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies. a) Original Image, b) RGB (Euclidean), c) HSI (NBS), d) CIEL*a*b (CIEDE2000). Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies."} {"question_id": 95, "question": "Is the HSI (NBS) method used for color distance detection in biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500098_F1_26404.jpg", "report": "Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies. a) Original Image, b) RGB (Euclidean), c) HSI (NBS), d) CIEL*a*b (CIEDE2000). Colour distances for ROI detection applied to biopsies."} {"question_id": 98, "question": "Are CD68 and CD163 markers used to identify macrophages in colorectal cancer tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212626_F1_16583.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. (A) CD68 and (B) CD163 expression of the macrophages (inset: double labeling CD163 (red)/S100 (brown) distinguishes CD163+ macrophages from S100+ DC). Dendritic cell populations with expression of (C) S100, (D) CD11c, (E) CD208, (F) CD209, (G) CD123 and (H) CD1a (inset: Langerin/CD207). (magnification ×200, inset ×400)."} {"question_id": 99, "question": "Does CD163 staining help differentiate macrophages from dendritic cells by double labeling with S100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212626_F1_16583.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. (A) CD68 and (B) CD163 expression of the macrophages (inset: double labeling CD163 (red)/S100 (brown) distinguishes CD163+ macrophages from S100+ DC). Dendritic cell populations with expression of (C) S100, (D) CD11c, (E) CD208, (F) CD209, (G) CD123 and (H) CD1a (inset: Langerin/CD207). (magnification ×200, inset ×400)."} {"question_id": 100, "question": "Are CD11c and CD123 markers exclusively used for identifying macrophages in colorectal cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2212626_F1_16583.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. (A) CD68 and (B) CD163 expression of the macrophages (inset: double labeling CD163 (red)/S100 (brown) distinguishes CD163+ macrophages from S100+ DC). Dendritic cell populations with expression of (C) S100, (D) CD11c, (E) CD208, (F) CD209, (G) CD123 and (H) CD1a (inset: Langerin/CD207). (magnification ×200, inset ×400)."} {"question_id": 101, "question": "Is Langerin/CD207 a marker used to identify Langerhans cells within the dendritic cell population?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212626_F1_16583.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. (A) CD68 and (B) CD163 expression of the macrophages (inset: double labeling CD163 (red)/S100 (brown) distinguishes CD163+ macrophages from S100+ DC). Dendritic cell populations with expression of (C) S100, (D) CD11c, (E) CD208, (F) CD209, (G) CD123 and (H) CD1a (inset: Langerin/CD207). (magnification ×200, inset ×400)."} {"question_id": 102, "question": "Is a trephine punch used for tissue sampling? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91207.jpg", "report": "Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch."} {"question_id": 103, "question": "Are animals anesthetized before tissue sampling with a trephine punch? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91207.jpg", "report": "Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch."} {"question_id": 104, "question": "Is the trephine punch used in a non-sterile environment for tissue sampling? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91207.jpg", "report": "Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch."} {"question_id": 105, "question": "Can tissue sampling with a trephine punch be performed on non-anesthetized animals? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91207.jpg", "report": "Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch."} {"question_id": 106, "question": "Does the histological examination reveal involvement of the muscularis propria by the carcinoid tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40)."} {"question_id": 107, "question": "Are the tumor cells described as having irregularly shaped nuclei?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40)."} {"question_id": 108, "question": "Is synaptophysin immunoreactivity observed in the tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40)."} {"question_id": 109, "question": "Do the histological images show a ribbon-like structure formed by the uniform cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40)."} {"question_id": 110, "question": "Is the tumor identified as a carcinoma based on the histological examination?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2946604_fig2_74894.jpg", "report": "(a) Histological examination of the partially resected tumor revealed carcinoid with muscularis propria involvement (H&E ×4). (b) Carcinoid was consisted of uniform cells with round-shaped nuclei with ribbon-like structure (H&E ×40). (c), (d) The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (synaptophysin, (c) ×4, (d) ×40)."} {"question_id": 111, "question": "Is H&E staining used to analyze mouse lung tissue exposed to Aspergillus conidia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3076443_pone-0018777-g003_92315.jpg", "report": "Lung histopathology and germination of conidia in mice exposed to Aspergillus conidia.A–F, H&E staining of mouse lung tissue. G–I, GMS staining of lung tissue. A,D,G, saline controls. B,E,H, A. versicolor, C,F,I, A. fumigatus. A–C 4× magnification, D–F, 40× magnification. G–I, 100× magnification. Data depicted are representative samples of 5 mice per group with one lung section analyzed per animal."} {"question_id": 113, "question": "Are saline controls used as a comparison in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3076443_pone-0018777-g003_92315.jpg", "report": "Lung histopathology and germination of conidia in mice exposed to Aspergillus conidia.A–F, H&E staining of mouse lung tissue. G–I, GMS staining of lung tissue. A,D,G, saline controls. B,E,H, A. versicolor, C,F,I, A. fumigatus. A–C 4× magnification, D–F, 40× magnification. G–I, 100× magnification. Data depicted are representative samples of 5 mice per group with one lung section analyzed per animal."} {"question_id": 114, "question": "Are the representative samples analyzed at a 200× magnification level?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3076443_pone-0018777-g003_92315.jpg", "report": "Lung histopathology and germination of conidia in mice exposed to Aspergillus conidia.A–F, H&E staining of mouse lung tissue. G–I, GMS staining of lung tissue. A,D,G, saline controls. B,E,H, A. versicolor, C,F,I, A. fumigatus. A–C 4× magnification, D–F, 40× magnification. G–I, 100× magnification. Data depicted are representative samples of 5 mice per group with one lung section analyzed per animal."} {"question_id": 115, "question": "Are lymphocytic infiltrates observed in the duodenal biopsy? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2981848_F0001_78513.jpg", "report": "Low- and high-power (inset) fields of duodenal and ileal biopsies showing intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates"} {"question_id": 116, "question": "Do the biopsies show presence of neutrophils? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2981848_F0001_78513.jpg", "report": "Low- and high-power (inset) fields of duodenal and ileal biopsies showing intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates"} {"question_id": 117, "question": "Are both intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates present in the ileum? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2981848_F0001_78513.jpg", "report": "Low- and high-power (inset) fields of duodenal and ileal biopsies showing intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates"} {"question_id": 118, "question": "Is the lymphocytic infiltration limited to the subepithelial layer in the duodenum? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2981848_F0001_78513.jpg", "report": "Low- and high-power (inset) fields of duodenal and ileal biopsies showing intraepithelial and subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates"} {"question_id": 119, "question": "Does CRF treatment lead to the phosphorylation of FAK in MCF7 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2697132_F6_40087.jpg", "report": "CRF induces the phosphorylation of FAK. MCF7 cells were treated with CRF (10-8 M) or vehicle (control) for 3 hours, stained with phospho-FAK antibody and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Result is representative of three independent experiments."} {"question_id": 120, "question": "Were MCF7 cells treated with CRF for 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2697132_F6_40087.jpg", "report": "CRF induces the phosphorylation of FAK. MCF7 cells were treated with CRF (10-8 M) or vehicle (control) for 3 hours, stained with phospho-FAK antibody and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Result is representative of three independent experiments."} {"question_id": 121, "question": "Was phospho-FAK antibody used to stain the MCF7 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2697132_F6_40087.jpg", "report": "CRF induces the phosphorylation of FAK. MCF7 cells were treated with CRF (10-8 M) or vehicle (control) for 3 hours, stained with phospho-FAK antibody and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Result is representative of three independent experiments."} {"question_id": 122, "question": "Is the result of the CRF treatment experiment representative of a single experiment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2697132_F6_40087.jpg", "report": "CRF induces the phosphorylation of FAK. MCF7 cells were treated with CRF (10-8 M) or vehicle (control) for 3 hours, stained with phospho-FAK antibody and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Result is representative of three independent experiments."} {"question_id": 123, "question": "Is the papillary tumor encapsulated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2613149_F7_31952.jpg", "report": "Pathological sections specimens. (7) Low magnification showing encapsulated papillary tumor with thin fibrovascular stalk, covered by tall mucinous moderately dysplastic epithelium (8). Higher magnification demonstrates area with oncocitic pattern (9). The immunohistochemical test showed a diffuse CK7+ (10) and apomucines MUC5AC (11) and MUC6 (12) positivity in more than 50% of neoplastic cells."} {"question_id": 124, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit a fibrovascular stalk?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2613149_F7_31952.jpg", "report": "Pathological sections specimens. (7) Low magnification showing encapsulated papillary tumor with thin fibrovascular stalk, covered by tall mucinous moderately dysplastic epithelium (8). Higher magnification demonstrates area with oncocitic pattern (9). The immunohistochemical test showed a diffuse CK7+ (10) and apomucines MUC5AC (11) and MUC6 (12) positivity in more than 50% of neoplastic cells."} {"question_id": 125, "question": "Are more than 50% of the neoplastic cells negative for CK7?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2613149_F7_31952.jpg", "report": "Pathological sections specimens. (7) Low magnification showing encapsulated papillary tumor with thin fibrovascular stalk, covered by tall mucinous moderately dysplastic epithelium (8). Higher magnification demonstrates area with oncocitic pattern (9). The immunohistochemical test showed a diffuse CK7+ (10) and apomucines MUC5AC (11) and MUC6 (12) positivity in more than 50% of neoplastic cells."} {"question_id": 126, "question": "Is the oncocytic pattern observed at low magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2613149_F7_31952.jpg", "report": "Pathological sections specimens. (7) Low magnification showing encapsulated papillary tumor with thin fibrovascular stalk, covered by tall mucinous moderately dysplastic epithelium (8). Higher magnification demonstrates area with oncocitic pattern (9). The immunohistochemical test showed a diffuse CK7+ (10) and apomucines MUC5AC (11) and MUC6 (12) positivity in more than 50% of neoplastic cells."} {"question_id": 127, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show evidence of gastric mucosa erosion in a rat pretreated with OSO?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804299_F3_9722.jpg", "report": "Rat pretreated with OSO, slight erosion of\nthe gastric mucosa is observed. Arrow: H&E; magnification, X 100."} {"question_id": 128, "question": "Is the observed erosion of the gastric mucosa severe?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804299_F3_9722.jpg", "report": "Rat pretreated with OSO, slight erosion of\nthe gastric mucosa is observed. Arrow: H&E; magnification, X 100."} {"question_id": 129, "question": "Was the magnification used in the image X 100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804299_F3_9722.jpg", "report": "Rat pretreated with OSO, slight erosion of\nthe gastric mucosa is observed. Arrow: H&E; magnification, X 100."} {"question_id": 130, "question": "Is the staining method used in the image PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804299_F3_9722.jpg", "report": "Rat pretreated with OSO, slight erosion of\nthe gastric mucosa is observed. Arrow: H&E; magnification, X 100."} {"question_id": 131, "question": "Is Su(Fu) detected in prostate cancer specimens using immunohistostaining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC524523_F4_709.jpg", "report": "Detection of Su(Fu) in prostate cancer specimens. Su(Fu) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# 10933) recognized only one single band (54-Kd) in D283 cells (A). Following treatment of a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu), the endogenous Su(Fu) band was greatly reduced (B). Immunohistostaining with Su(Fu) antibodies in prostate cancer specimens revealed positive (C, in red, 200×), negative (D, 200×) or weak staining (E, red, 200×)."} {"question_id": 132, "question": "Does the Su(Fu) antibody recognize multiple bands in D283 cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC524523_F4_709.jpg", "report": "Detection of Su(Fu) in prostate cancer specimens. Su(Fu) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# 10933) recognized only one single band (54-Kd) in D283 cells (A). Following treatment of a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu), the endogenous Su(Fu) band was greatly reduced (B). Immunohistostaining with Su(Fu) antibodies in prostate cancer specimens revealed positive (C, in red, 200×), negative (D, 200×) or weak staining (E, red, 200×)."} {"question_id": 133, "question": "Can the endogenous Su(Fu) band be reduced following treatment with a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC524523_F4_709.jpg", "report": "Detection of Su(Fu) in prostate cancer specimens. Su(Fu) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# 10933) recognized only one single band (54-Kd) in D283 cells (A). Following treatment of a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu), the endogenous Su(Fu) band was greatly reduced (B). Immunohistostaining with Su(Fu) antibodies in prostate cancer specimens revealed positive (C, in red, 200×), negative (D, 200×) or weak staining (E, red, 200×)."} {"question_id": 134, "question": "Is the staining for Su(Fu) always positive in prostate cancer specimens?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC524523_F4_709.jpg", "report": "Detection of Su(Fu) in prostate cancer specimens. Su(Fu) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# 10933) recognized only one single band (54-Kd) in D283 cells (A). Following treatment of a specific SiRNA of Su(Fu), the endogenous Su(Fu) band was greatly reduced (B). Immunohistostaining with Su(Fu) antibodies in prostate cancer specimens revealed positive (C, in red, 200×), negative (D, 200×) or weak staining (E, red, 200×)."} {"question_id": 135, "question": "Does HE staining show the tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue in ACC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2600683_fig1_31185.jpg", "report": "HE staining and IHC staining for Snail and E-cadherin in a human ACC ( × 10). (A) HE staining with tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue. (B) Consecutive section with IHC staining for Snail showing Snail-expressing cells invading the fatty tissue. (C) Same specimen demonstrating the invasive front at a higher magnification ( × 40)."} {"question_id": 136, "question": "Is Snail expression absent in the tumour cells invading the fatty tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2600683_fig1_31185.jpg", "report": "HE staining and IHC staining for Snail and E-cadherin in a human ACC ( × 10). (A) HE staining with tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue. (B) Consecutive section with IHC staining for Snail showing Snail-expressing cells invading the fatty tissue. (C) Same specimen demonstrating the invasive front at a higher magnification ( × 40)."} {"question_id": 137, "question": "Does IHC staining for E-cadherin help in identifying Snail-expressing cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2600683_fig1_31185.jpg", "report": "HE staining and IHC staining for Snail and E-cadherin in a human ACC ( × 10). (A) HE staining with tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue. (B) Consecutive section with IHC staining for Snail showing Snail-expressing cells invading the fatty tissue. (C) Same specimen demonstrating the invasive front at a higher magnification ( × 40)."} {"question_id": 138, "question": "Can higher magnification (× 40) provide a clearer view of the invasive front in ACC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2600683_fig1_31185.jpg", "report": "HE staining and IHC staining for Snail and E-cadherin in a human ACC ( × 10). (A) HE staining with tumour invading the surrounding fatty tissue. (B) Consecutive section with IHC staining for Snail showing Snail-expressing cells invading the fatty tissue. (C) Same specimen demonstrating the invasive front at a higher magnification ( × 40)."} {"question_id": 139, "question": "Are non-perfused vessels indicated by arrows in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2746600_fig2_46310.jpg", "report": "Representative images of tumour microvasculature in animals treated with SU5416 (25 mg kg−1 per day, A,B) and with vehicle (C,D) at day 6 after tumour cell implantation. Corresponding regions by means of OPS imaging (A,C) and fluorescence microscopy (B,D). Arrows indicate non perfused vessels."} {"question_id": 140, "question": "Is SU5416 treatment associated with a reduction in tumour microvasculature perfusion compared to the vehicle treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2746600_fig2_46310.jpg", "report": "Representative images of tumour microvasculature in animals treated with SU5416 (25 mg kg−1 per day, A,B) and with vehicle (C,D) at day 6 after tumour cell implantation. Corresponding regions by means of OPS imaging (A,C) and fluorescence microscopy (B,D). Arrows indicate non perfused vessels."} {"question_id": 141, "question": "Were the images taken at day 10 after tumour cell implantation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2746600_fig2_46310.jpg", "report": "Representative images of tumour microvasculature in animals treated with SU5416 (25 mg kg−1 per day, A,B) and with vehicle (C,D) at day 6 after tumour cell implantation. Corresponding regions by means of OPS imaging (A,C) and fluorescence microscopy (B,D). Arrows indicate non perfused vessels."} {"question_id": 142, "question": "Are both OPS imaging and fluorescence microscopy used to analyze the tumour microvasculature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2746600_fig2_46310.jpg", "report": "Representative images of tumour microvasculature in animals treated with SU5416 (25 mg kg−1 per day, A,B) and with vehicle (C,D) at day 6 after tumour cell implantation. Corresponding regions by means of OPS imaging (A,C) and fluorescence microscopy (B,D). Arrows indicate non perfused vessels."} {"question_id": 143, "question": "Are there solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1852111_F1_10398.jpg", "report": "Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×)."} {"question_id": 144, "question": "Is the left lobe free from squamous cell infiltration?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1852111_F1_10398.jpg", "report": "Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×)."} {"question_id": 145, "question": "Can mitotic activity be observed in the provided hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1852111_F1_10398.jpg", "report": "Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×)."} {"question_id": 146, "question": "Are the images provided taken at magnifications lower than 10×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1852111_F1_10398.jpg", "report": "Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×)."} {"question_id": 147, "question": "Are the synovial tissue samples taken from patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1794515_F5_9434.jpg", "report": "Comparison of immunohistochemical detection of activation markers. Analysis of representative areas of synovial tissue samples taken from patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) or refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shown. Expression pattern and staining intensity of RA samples represent the stronger intensity of synovial inflammation when compared with OA samples. Magnification, ×400. FAP, fibroblast activation protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase."} {"question_id": 150, "question": "Are the samples magnified to a scale of ×1000 in the analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1794515_F5_9434.jpg", "report": "Comparison of immunohistochemical detection of activation markers. Analysis of representative areas of synovial tissue samples taken from patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) or refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shown. Expression pattern and staining intensity of RA samples represent the stronger intensity of synovial inflammation when compared with OA samples. Magnification, ×400. FAP, fibroblast activation protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase."} {"question_id": 151, "question": "Does the top panel represent a non-tumor section?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2736977_F2_44726.jpg", "report": "Lack of BCCIP expression in brain tumors. Serial tissue sections were stained for GFAP and BCCIP separately. Both GFAP and BCCIP are stained in brown color. Hematoxylin (blue) was used to counter stain the nuclei. Shown are example brain tissues stained with antibodies against GFAP and BCCIP (magnification is 40 × 10). Top panel is a representative non-tumor section. The middle panel is an example section of BCCIP positive tumor, and the bottom panel shows a BCCIP negative tumor section."} {"question_id": 152, "question": "Is the middle panel an example of a BCCIP negative tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2736977_F2_44726.jpg", "report": "Lack of BCCIP expression in brain tumors. Serial tissue sections were stained for GFAP and BCCIP separately. Both GFAP and BCCIP are stained in brown color. Hematoxylin (blue) was used to counter stain the nuclei. Shown are example brain tissues stained with antibodies against GFAP and BCCIP (magnification is 40 × 10). Top panel is a representative non-tumor section. The middle panel is an example section of BCCIP positive tumor, and the bottom panel shows a BCCIP negative tumor section."} {"question_id": 153, "question": "Are both GFAP and BCCIP stained in brown color?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2736977_F2_44726.jpg", "report": "Lack of BCCIP expression in brain tumors. Serial tissue sections were stained for GFAP and BCCIP separately. Both GFAP and BCCIP are stained in brown color. Hematoxylin (blue) was used to counter stain the nuclei. Shown are example brain tissues stained with antibodies against GFAP and BCCIP (magnification is 40 × 10). Top panel is a representative non-tumor section. The middle panel is an example section of BCCIP positive tumor, and the bottom panel shows a BCCIP negative tumor section."} {"question_id": 154, "question": "Is hematoxylin used to counter stain the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2736977_F2_44726.jpg", "report": "Lack of BCCIP expression in brain tumors. Serial tissue sections were stained for GFAP and BCCIP separately. Both GFAP and BCCIP are stained in brown color. Hematoxylin (blue) was used to counter stain the nuclei. Shown are example brain tissues stained with antibodies against GFAP and BCCIP (magnification is 40 × 10). Top panel is a representative non-tumor section. The middle panel is an example section of BCCIP positive tumor, and the bottom panel shows a BCCIP negative tumor section."} {"question_id": 155, "question": "Do untreated ARPE-19 cells exhibit unusually elongated mitochondrial profiles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2751800_f4_46906.jpg", "report": "Effect of blue light on mitochondrial shape. The figure shows electron micrographs of sections from untreated ARPE-19 cells (A, D), irradiated cells with an output at 0.3 mW/cm2 (B, E) and 1 mW/cm2 (C, F) for 72 h (Bar=1 μm). Irradiated cells showed mitochondria with unusually elongated profiles."} {"question_id": 156, "question": "Are the mitochondria in cells irradiated at 1 mW/cm2 for 72 hours unusually elongated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2751800_f4_46906.jpg", "report": "Effect of blue light on mitochondrial shape. The figure shows electron micrographs of sections from untreated ARPE-19 cells (A, D), irradiated cells with an output at 0.3 mW/cm2 (B, E) and 1 mW/cm2 (C, F) for 72 h (Bar=1 μm). Irradiated cells showed mitochondria with unusually elongated profiles."} {"question_id": 157, "question": "Were the electron micrographs of sections taken from cells irradiated for 72 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2751800_f4_46906.jpg", "report": "Effect of blue light on mitochondrial shape. The figure shows electron micrographs of sections from untreated ARPE-19 cells (A, D), irradiated cells with an output at 0.3 mW/cm2 (B, E) and 1 mW/cm2 (C, F) for 72 h (Bar=1 μm). Irradiated cells showed mitochondria with unusually elongated profiles."} {"question_id": 158, "question": "Is the bar scale in the electron micrographs equal to 5 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2751800_f4_46906.jpg", "report": "Effect of blue light on mitochondrial shape. The figure shows electron micrographs of sections from untreated ARPE-19 cells (A, D), irradiated cells with an output at 0.3 mW/cm2 (B, E) and 1 mW/cm2 (C, F) for 72 h (Bar=1 μm). Irradiated cells showed mitochondria with unusually elongated profiles."} {"question_id": 159, "question": "Do NG2-glia cells express JAM-A?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837050_F5_58852.jpg", "report": "NG2-glia cells express JAM-A. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the corpus callosum labeled with the indicated markers (upper boxes) are shown. In (B) the cell body labeled with an arrow in (A) is shown at higher magnification. In (C) negative controls, where only one primary antibody but the two secondary antibodies anti-mouse-Alexa-568 nm (M-Alexa-568) and anti-rabbit-Alexa-488 nm (Rb-Alexa-488) have been used, are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm"} {"question_id": 160, "question": "Are the confocal images of immunostainings taken from the corpus callosum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837050_F5_58852.jpg", "report": "NG2-glia cells express JAM-A. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the corpus callosum labeled with the indicated markers (upper boxes) are shown. In (B) the cell body labeled with an arrow in (A) is shown at higher magnification. In (C) negative controls, where only one primary antibody but the two secondary antibodies anti-mouse-Alexa-568 nm (M-Alexa-568) and anti-rabbit-Alexa-488 nm (Rb-Alexa-488) have been used, are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm"} {"question_id": 161, "question": "Are the scale bars in the provided images 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2837050_F5_58852.jpg", "report": "NG2-glia cells express JAM-A. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the corpus callosum labeled with the indicated markers (upper boxes) are shown. In (B) the cell body labeled with an arrow in (A) is shown at higher magnification. In (C) negative controls, where only one primary antibody but the two secondary antibodies anti-mouse-Alexa-568 nm (M-Alexa-568) and anti-rabbit-Alexa-488 nm (Rb-Alexa-488) have been used, are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm"} {"question_id": 162, "question": "Were both primary antibodies used in the negative controls?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2837050_F5_58852.jpg", "report": "NG2-glia cells express JAM-A. Confocal images of immunostainings of vibratome sections from the corpus callosum labeled with the indicated markers (upper boxes) are shown. In (B) the cell body labeled with an arrow in (A) is shown at higher magnification. In (C) negative controls, where only one primary antibody but the two secondary antibodies anti-mouse-Alexa-568 nm (M-Alexa-568) and anti-rabbit-Alexa-488 nm (Rb-Alexa-488) have been used, are shown. Scale bars: 10 μm"} {"question_id": 163, "question": "Does the growth plate thickness appear reduced in the Si-deprived group?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2832730_fig4_58481.jpg", "report": "Growth plate of the right tibia (A) and higher magnification images in the Si-deprived (B1 and B2), Si-supplemented (C1 and C2) and standard rodent stock feed-fed (D1 and D2) groups. Growth plates from two animals (1 and 2) are shown as representative for each group. Growth plate thickness was reduced, while chondrocyte cell density appears to be slightly increased in the Si-deprived group (B1 and B2) compared to the Si-supplemented and standard rodent stock feed-fed reference groups."} {"question_id": 164, "question": "Are the chondrocyte cell densities lower in the Si-deprived group compared to the Si-supplemented group?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2832730_fig4_58481.jpg", "report": "Growth plate of the right tibia (A) and higher magnification images in the Si-deprived (B1 and B2), Si-supplemented (C1 and C2) and standard rodent stock feed-fed (D1 and D2) groups. Growth plates from two animals (1 and 2) are shown as representative for each group. Growth plate thickness was reduced, while chondrocyte cell density appears to be slightly increased in the Si-deprived group (B1 and B2) compared to the Si-supplemented and standard rodent stock feed-fed reference groups."} {"question_id": 165, "question": "Is there a difference in growth plate thickness between the Si-supplemented and standard rodent stock feed-fed groups?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2832730_fig4_58481.jpg", "report": "Growth plate of the right tibia (A) and higher magnification images in the Si-deprived (B1 and B2), Si-supplemented (C1 and C2) and standard rodent stock feed-fed (D1 and D2) groups. Growth plates from two animals (1 and 2) are shown as representative for each group. Growth plate thickness was reduced, while chondrocyte cell density appears to be slightly increased in the Si-deprived group (B1 and B2) compared to the Si-supplemented and standard rodent stock feed-fed reference groups."} {"question_id": 167, "question": "Is immunohistochemical cytoplasmic positivity for a1-fetoprotein observed in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803960_F3_54324.jpg", "report": "Histopathology. a. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic positivity for a1-fetoprotein, × 400. b. Immunohistochemical \"canalicular\" pattern of staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), × 400 (arrows)."} {"question_id": 169, "question": "Is the staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) described as nuclear in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2803960_F3_54324.jpg", "report": "Histopathology. a. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic positivity for a1-fetoprotein, × 400. b. Immunohistochemical \"canalicular\" pattern of staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), × 400 (arrows)."} {"question_id": 170, "question": "Are arrows used to indicate the \"canalicular\" pattern of staining for CEA in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803960_F3_54324.jpg", "report": "Histopathology. a. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic positivity for a1-fetoprotein, × 400. b. Immunohistochemical \"canalicular\" pattern of staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), × 400 (arrows)."} {"question_id": 171, "question": "Is the p16INK4A expression negative in normal epithelial and stromal cells in cervix biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714065_F1_41860.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4A expression using monoclonal antibody clone JC8 in tissue microarray cores from cervix biopsies with normal epithelium (A, B), CIN1 (C, D), CIN2 (E, F), CIN3 (G, H) and invasive squamous carcinoma (I, J). The normal epithelial and stromal cells are negative (A – B). Strong, distinct, diffuse staining of both nuclei and cytoplasm is seen in the dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium (C – J)."} {"question_id": 172, "question": "Does the p16INK4A expression show strong, distinct, diffuse staining in the cytoplasm of dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714065_F1_41860.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4A expression using monoclonal antibody clone JC8 in tissue microarray cores from cervix biopsies with normal epithelium (A, B), CIN1 (C, D), CIN2 (E, F), CIN3 (G, H) and invasive squamous carcinoma (I, J). The normal epithelial and stromal cells are negative (A – B). Strong, distinct, diffuse staining of both nuclei and cytoplasm is seen in the dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium (C – J)."} {"question_id": 173, "question": "Is p16INK4A expression typically positive in normal cervical epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714065_F1_41860.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4A expression using monoclonal antibody clone JC8 in tissue microarray cores from cervix biopsies with normal epithelium (A, B), CIN1 (C, D), CIN2 (E, F), CIN3 (G, H) and invasive squamous carcinoma (I, J). The normal epithelial and stromal cells are negative (A – B). Strong, distinct, diffuse staining of both nuclei and cytoplasm is seen in the dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium (C – J)."} {"question_id": 174, "question": "Can p16INK4A expression be used to differentiate between normal and neoplastic cervical tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714065_F1_41860.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4A expression using monoclonal antibody clone JC8 in tissue microarray cores from cervix biopsies with normal epithelium (A, B), CIN1 (C, D), CIN2 (E, F), CIN3 (G, H) and invasive squamous carcinoma (I, J). The normal epithelial and stromal cells are negative (A – B). Strong, distinct, diffuse staining of both nuclei and cytoplasm is seen in the dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium (C – J)."} {"question_id": 175, "question": "Are the images stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody used to mark microtubules?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1868777_pone-0000478-g005_10879.jpg", "report": "Downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation.Mitotic phenotypes of D-mel wild-type cells transfected with dsRNAs targeting kinetochore proteins as indicated and stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody (to mark microtubules; red) and DAPI (to mark DNA; blue). Bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 176, "question": "Does the staining with DAPI mark the microtubules in the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1868777_pone-0000478-g005_10879.jpg", "report": "Downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation.Mitotic phenotypes of D-mel wild-type cells transfected with dsRNAs targeting kinetochore proteins as indicated and stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody (to mark microtubules; red) and DAPI (to mark DNA; blue). Bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 177, "question": "Can downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins lead to defects in chromosome segregation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1868777_pone-0000478-g005_10879.jpg", "report": "Downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation.Mitotic phenotypes of D-mel wild-type cells transfected with dsRNAs targeting kinetochore proteins as indicated and stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody (to mark microtubules; red) and DAPI (to mark DNA; blue). Bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 178, "question": "Is the bar representing a length of more than 10 µm in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1868777_pone-0000478-g005_10879.jpg", "report": "Downregulation of centromeric and kinetochore proteins causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation.Mitotic phenotypes of D-mel wild-type cells transfected with dsRNAs targeting kinetochore proteins as indicated and stained with anti-α-tubulin antibody (to mark microtubules; red) and DAPI (to mark DNA; blue). Bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 179, "question": "Does the epidermis and dermis of a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis show significant changes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804207_fig01_9702.jpg", "report": "Histological features of abdominal skin obtained from perinatal autopsy cases with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Epidermis and dermis do not show significant changes in a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis (A,C). An inflammatory infiltrate is evident in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis (B,D). The dermoepidermal junction is studded with CD15+ neutrophils."} {"question_id": 180, "question": "Is there an inflammatory infiltrate in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804207_fig01_9702.jpg", "report": "Histological features of abdominal skin obtained from perinatal autopsy cases with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Epidermis and dermis do not show significant changes in a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis (A,C). An inflammatory infiltrate is evident in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis (B,D). The dermoepidermal junction is studded with CD15+ neutrophils."} {"question_id": 181, "question": "Are CD15+ neutrophils present at the dermoepidermal junction in cases with histological chorioamnionitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804207_fig01_9702.jpg", "report": "Histological features of abdominal skin obtained from perinatal autopsy cases with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Epidermis and dermis do not show significant changes in a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis (A,C). An inflammatory infiltrate is evident in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis (B,D). The dermoepidermal junction is studded with CD15+ neutrophils."} {"question_id": 182, "question": "Is histological chorioamnionitis associated with the absence of inflammatory infiltrate in the epidermis and dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804207_fig01_9702.jpg", "report": "Histological features of abdominal skin obtained from perinatal autopsy cases with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Epidermis and dermis do not show significant changes in a fetus without histological chorioamnionitis (A,C). An inflammatory infiltrate is evident in the epidermis and dermis of a fetus with histological chorioamnionitis (B,D). The dermoepidermal junction is studded with CD15+ neutrophils."} {"question_id": 183, "question": "Are capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy surrounded by inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2830950_F5_58260.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings: Hematopoietic locations. A: Capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy with an inflammatory surrounding (HES ×400). B: CD31 positivity of the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids (×200). C: Spleen dilated sinusoids (smooth muscle actin ×100). D: Spleen larger cysts lined by a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells (CD31 × 100)."} {"question_id": 184, "question": "Does the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids show CD31 positivity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2830950_F5_58260.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings: Hematopoietic locations. A: Capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy with an inflammatory surrounding (HES ×400). B: CD31 positivity of the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids (×200). C: Spleen dilated sinusoids (smooth muscle actin ×100). D: Spleen larger cysts lined by a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells (CD31 × 100)."} {"question_id": 185, "question": "Are the sinusoids in the spleen not dilated?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2830950_F5_58260.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings: Hematopoietic locations. A: Capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy with an inflammatory surrounding (HES ×400). B: CD31 positivity of the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids (×200). C: Spleen dilated sinusoids (smooth muscle actin ×100). D: Spleen larger cysts lined by a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells (CD31 × 100)."} {"question_id": 186, "question": "Do the larger cysts in the spleen lack a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2830950_F5_58260.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings: Hematopoietic locations. A: Capillarized sinusoids of a bone biopsy with an inflammatory surrounding (HES ×400). B: CD31 positivity of the endothelial lining of capillarized sinusoids (×200). C: Spleen dilated sinusoids (smooth muscle actin ×100). D: Spleen larger cysts lined by a continuous layer of CD31 endothelial cells (CD31 × 100)."} {"question_id": 187, "question": "Are the spindle cells in the neurofibroma characterized by elongated, wavy nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1808458_F2_9832.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma showing spindle cells with characteristic elongated, wavy nuclei. (20× magnification, Haematoxylin and Eosin)"} {"question_id": 188, "question": "Is the photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma taken at 40× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1808458_F2_9832.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma showing spindle cells with characteristic elongated, wavy nuclei. (20× magnification, Haematoxylin and Eosin)"} {"question_id": 189, "question": "Does the photomicrograph use Haematoxylin and Eosin staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1808458_F2_9832.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma showing spindle cells with characteristic elongated, wavy nuclei. (20× magnification, Haematoxylin and Eosin)"} {"question_id": 190, "question": "Are the spindle cells in the neurofibroma likely to be round with prominent nucleoli?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1808458_F2_9832.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of the resected neurofibroma showing spindle cells with characteristic elongated, wavy nuclei. (20× magnification, Haematoxylin and Eosin)"} {"question_id": 191, "question": "Is glb-26::GFP expression observed in the head mesodermal cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2867796_F8_63694.jpg", "report": "Expression of globinpromotor::GFP fusions. (A) glb-26::GFP expression, (B) glb-26::GFP expression in head mesodermal cell, (C) glb-26::GFP expression in stomato-intestinal muscle, (D) glb-1::GFP expression, (E) glb-1::GFP expression in the head, (F) glb-1::GFP expression in the tail, background fluorescence is also visible in the posterior intestine."} {"question_id": 192, "question": "Does glb-1::GFP expression occur in the stomato-intestinal muscle?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2867796_F8_63694.jpg", "report": "Expression of globinpromotor::GFP fusions. (A) glb-26::GFP expression, (B) glb-26::GFP expression in head mesodermal cell, (C) glb-26::GFP expression in stomato-intestinal muscle, (D) glb-1::GFP expression, (E) glb-1::GFP expression in the head, (F) glb-1::GFP expression in the tail, background fluorescence is also visible in the posterior intestine."} {"question_id": 193, "question": "Is background fluorescence visible in the posterior intestine in the case of glb-1::GFP expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2867796_F8_63694.jpg", "report": "Expression of globinpromotor::GFP fusions. (A) glb-26::GFP expression, (B) glb-26::GFP expression in head mesodermal cell, (C) glb-26::GFP expression in stomato-intestinal muscle, (D) glb-1::GFP expression, (E) glb-1::GFP expression in the head, (F) glb-1::GFP expression in the tail, background fluorescence is also visible in the posterior intestine."} {"question_id": 194, "question": "Is glb-26::GFP expression found in the tail region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2867796_F8_63694.jpg", "report": "Expression of globinpromotor::GFP fusions. (A) glb-26::GFP expression, (B) glb-26::GFP expression in head mesodermal cell, (C) glb-26::GFP expression in stomato-intestinal muscle, (D) glb-1::GFP expression, (E) glb-1::GFP expression in the head, (F) glb-1::GFP expression in the tail, background fluorescence is also visible in the posterior intestine."} {"question_id": 195, "question": "Were the granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles for 72 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2867813_F2_63699.jpg", "report": "TEM observation of granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Cells were exposed during 72 h to 100 μM of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were internalized in cells and localized in cytoplasms, mostly in membranate compartments, including lysosome and mitochondria, thecal organelles (arrow). The scale bar in the image is 500 nm."} {"question_id": 196, "question": "Are the nanoparticles localized in the nucleus of the granulosa cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2867813_F2_63699.jpg", "report": "TEM observation of granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Cells were exposed during 72 h to 100 μM of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were internalized in cells and localized in cytoplasms, mostly in membranate compartments, including lysosome and mitochondria, thecal organelles (arrow). The scale bar in the image is 500 nm."} {"question_id": 197, "question": "Do the calcium phosphate nanoparticles localize mostly in membranate compartments such as lysosomes and mitochondria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2867813_F2_63699.jpg", "report": "TEM observation of granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Cells were exposed during 72 h to 100 μM of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were internalized in cells and localized in cytoplasms, mostly in membranate compartments, including lysosome and mitochondria, thecal organelles (arrow). The scale bar in the image is 500 nm."} {"question_id": 198, "question": "Is the scale bar in the TEM image 1 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2867813_F2_63699.jpg", "report": "TEM observation of granulosa cells exposed to calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Cells were exposed during 72 h to 100 μM of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were internalized in cells and localized in cytoplasms, mostly in membranate compartments, including lysosome and mitochondria, thecal organelles (arrow). The scale bar in the image is 500 nm."} {"question_id": 199, "question": "Are fibroblast surface proteins used to differentiate between celiac and non-celiac patients in duodenal endoscopic biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2695428_F3_39915.jpg", "report": "Fibroblast surface protein immunocytochemistry of primary cells from duodenal endoscopic biopsies from celiac (upper panel) and non celiac (lower panel) patients; DAPI counterstained cellular nuclei."} {"question_id": 200, "question": "Is DAPI used to counterstain cellular nuclei in the given biopsy samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2695428_F3_39915.jpg", "report": "Fibroblast surface protein immunocytochemistry of primary cells from duodenal endoscopic biopsies from celiac (upper panel) and non celiac (lower panel) patients; DAPI counterstained cellular nuclei."} {"question_id": 201, "question": "Do the primary cells from the duodenal endoscopic biopsies show the same fibroblast surface protein expression in both celiac and non-celiac patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2695428_F3_39915.jpg", "report": "Fibroblast surface protein immunocytochemistry of primary cells from duodenal endoscopic biopsies from celiac (upper panel) and non celiac (lower panel) patients; DAPI counterstained cellular nuclei."} {"question_id": 203, "question": "Are hippocampal neurons involved in the study of IREG1 distribution?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC548319_F6_1248.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemistry determination of IREG1. Hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, labeled with rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody and with Alexa-546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, were imaged in a confocal microscope. Shown are representative fields of cells cultured at different iron concentrations. Note the preferentially cytosolic distribution of IREG1."} {"question_id": 204, "question": "Is the IREG1 distribution observed primarily in the nuclear region of the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC548319_F6_1248.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemistry determination of IREG1. Hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, labeled with rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody and with Alexa-546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, were imaged in a confocal microscope. Shown are representative fields of cells cultured at different iron concentrations. Note the preferentially cytosolic distribution of IREG1."} {"question_id": 205, "question": "Were the cells labeled with a rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC548319_F6_1248.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemistry determination of IREG1. Hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, labeled with rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody and with Alexa-546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, were imaged in a confocal microscope. Shown are representative fields of cells cultured at different iron concentrations. Note the preferentially cytosolic distribution of IREG1."} {"question_id": 206, "question": "Does the study use a non-immunofluorescent method for imaging?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC548319_F6_1248.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemistry determination of IREG1. Hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, labeled with rabbit anti-IREG1 antibody and with Alexa-546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, were imaged in a confocal microscope. Shown are representative fields of cells cultured at different iron concentrations. Note the preferentially cytosolic distribution of IREG1."} {"question_id": 207, "question": "Are granulomas observed in the lymph node biopsy samples from tuberculous patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2575403_ppat-1000204-g001_29592.jpg", "report": "Granulomas from TB patients display many M.tb-containing FMs surrounding the necrotic center.Thin sections of lymph node biopsy samples from 10 tuberculous patients were stained and analyzed. A) Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, original magnification ×12. B, C) Oil red-O staining, original magnification ×200 (B) and ×1000 (C). D) Ziehl-Nielsen staining (×1000). G: granuloma, N: necrosis, I: interface. Arrow: Giant Langhans cell (B), M.tb (D)."} {"question_id": 208, "question": "Is the necrotic center in tuberculous granulomas surrounded by cells that do not contain M.tb?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2575403_ppat-1000204-g001_29592.jpg", "report": "Granulomas from TB patients display many M.tb-containing FMs surrounding the necrotic center.Thin sections of lymph node biopsy samples from 10 tuberculous patients were stained and analyzed. A) Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, original magnification ×12. B, C) Oil red-O staining, original magnification ×200 (B) and ×1000 (C). D) Ziehl-Nielsen staining (×1000). G: granuloma, N: necrosis, I: interface. Arrow: Giant Langhans cell (B), M.tb (D)."} {"question_id": 209, "question": "Was Ziehl-Nielsen staining used to identify M.tb in the lymph node biopsy samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2575403_ppat-1000204-g001_29592.jpg", "report": "Granulomas from TB patients display many M.tb-containing FMs surrounding the necrotic center.Thin sections of lymph node biopsy samples from 10 tuberculous patients were stained and analyzed. A) Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, original magnification ×12. B, C) Oil red-O staining, original magnification ×200 (B) and ×1000 (C). D) Ziehl-Nielsen staining (×1000). G: granuloma, N: necrosis, I: interface. Arrow: Giant Langhans cell (B), M.tb (D)."} {"question_id": 210, "question": "Are Giant Langhans cells identified using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2575403_ppat-1000204-g001_29592.jpg", "report": "Granulomas from TB patients display many M.tb-containing FMs surrounding the necrotic center.Thin sections of lymph node biopsy samples from 10 tuberculous patients were stained and analyzed. A) Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, original magnification ×12. B, C) Oil red-O staining, original magnification ×200 (B) and ×1000 (C). D) Ziehl-Nielsen staining (×1000). G: granuloma, N: necrosis, I: interface. Arrow: Giant Langhans cell (B), M.tb (D)."} {"question_id": 211, "question": "Are spindle cells present in the Antoni type A area of an ancient schwannoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1783662_F3_9062.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of ancient schwannoma. a) spindle cells in an Antoni type A area; a red arrow indicates a large bizarre hyperchromatic nucleus b) Antoni B areas consisting of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix, c) occasional pleomorphic nuclei within Antoni A areas, and d) positive S100 immunohistochemical staining."} {"question_id": 212, "question": "Do Antoni B areas consist of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix in ancient schwannoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1783662_F3_9062.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of ancient schwannoma. a) spindle cells in an Antoni type A area; a red arrow indicates a large bizarre hyperchromatic nucleus b) Antoni B areas consisting of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix, c) occasional pleomorphic nuclei within Antoni A areas, and d) positive S100 immunohistochemical staining."} {"question_id": 213, "question": "Is positive S100 immunohistochemical staining observed in ancient schwannoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1783662_F3_9062.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of ancient schwannoma. a) spindle cells in an Antoni type A area; a red arrow indicates a large bizarre hyperchromatic nucleus b) Antoni B areas consisting of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix, c) occasional pleomorphic nuclei within Antoni A areas, and d) positive S100 immunohistochemical staining."} {"question_id": 214, "question": "Are pleomorphic nuclei commonly found in Antoni B areas of ancient schwannoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1783662_F3_9062.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance of ancient schwannoma. a) spindle cells in an Antoni type A area; a red arrow indicates a large bizarre hyperchromatic nucleus b) Antoni B areas consisting of spindle cells within a loose myxoid matrix, c) occasional pleomorphic nuclei within Antoni A areas, and d) positive S100 immunohistochemical staining."} {"question_id": 215, "question": "Does the SEM photograph show surface precipitates on white MTA after immersion in PBS for 10 days?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837314_fig2_58890.jpg", "report": "SEM photograph of the surface of white MTA immersed in PBS for 10 days, showing precipitates of various morphologies. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the precipitates contained Ca and P as their main elemental components."} {"question_id": 216, "question": "Are the main elemental components of the precipitates on the white MTA identified as Ca and P?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837314_fig2_58890.jpg", "report": "SEM photograph of the surface of white MTA immersed in PBS for 10 days, showing precipitates of various morphologies. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the precipitates contained Ca and P as their main elemental components."} {"question_id": 217, "question": "Is the presence of Ca and P in the precipitates consistent with the formation of calcium phosphate minerals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837314_fig2_58890.jpg", "report": "SEM photograph of the surface of white MTA immersed in PBS for 10 days, showing precipitates of various morphologies. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the precipitates contained Ca and P as their main elemental components."} {"question_id": 218, "question": "Were the precipitates found to contain significant amounts of sodium (Na)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2837314_fig2_58890.jpg", "report": "SEM photograph of the surface of white MTA immersed in PBS for 10 days, showing precipitates of various morphologies. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the precipitates contained Ca and P as their main elemental components."} {"question_id": 219, "question": "Is ATPase activity revealed on the TB muscle cross-section?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2846841_F5_60718.jpg", "report": "Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height)."} {"question_id": 220, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical analysis involve antibodies labeled F365B9, S515F4, and S58H2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2846841_F5_60718.jpg", "report": "Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height)."} {"question_id": 221, "question": "Is the scale of the cross-section less than 500 μm in length?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2846841_F5_60718.jpg", "report": "Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height)."} {"question_id": 222, "question": "Are the results of the Azorubine coloration and SDH activities shown on different cross-sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2846841_F5_60718.jpg", "report": "Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height)."} {"question_id": 223, "question": "Is survivin expression observed in normal prostatic tissue? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2928796_F1_72210.jpg", "report": "Representative images from immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. A, normal prostate. B, prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 224, "question": "Is survivin expression observed in cancerous prostatic tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928796_F1_72210.jpg", "report": "Representative images from immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. A, normal prostate. B, prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 225, "question": "Were the images of the prostate tissue obtained at 200× magnification? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928796_F1_72210.jpg", "report": "Representative images from immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. A, normal prostate. B, prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 226, "question": "Can survivin expression be used to differentiate between normal and cancerous prostate tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928796_F1_72210.jpg", "report": "Representative images from immunohistochemical analysis of survivin expression in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. A, normal prostate. B, prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 227, "question": "Is fgfr2 expression visible in the distal epithelium of the main bronchus during early stages of chick lung development?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g003_89747.jpg", "report": "\nfgfr2 expression pattern in early stages of chick lung development.Representative examples of whole mount in situ hybridization (A–C) and sections of hybridized lungs (D–F). fgfr2 is present in distal epithelium of main bronchus (arrow) and secondary bronchi (asterisks); peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus (dark arrowheads); open arrowheads, proximal epithelium. Magnification: A/C - 5×; D, F - 20×; E - 10×."} {"question_id": 228, "question": "Are the secondary bronchi devoid of fgfr2 expression in early stages of chick lung development?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g003_89747.jpg", "report": "\nfgfr2 expression pattern in early stages of chick lung development.Representative examples of whole mount in situ hybridization (A–C) and sections of hybridized lungs (D–F). fgfr2 is present in distal epithelium of main bronchus (arrow) and secondary bronchi (asterisks); peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus (dark arrowheads); open arrowheads, proximal epithelium. Magnification: A/C - 5×; D, F - 20×; E - 10×."} {"question_id": 229, "question": "Is fgfr2 present in the peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g003_89747.jpg", "report": "\nfgfr2 expression pattern in early stages of chick lung development.Representative examples of whole mount in situ hybridization (A–C) and sections of hybridized lungs (D–F). fgfr2 is present in distal epithelium of main bronchus (arrow) and secondary bronchi (asterisks); peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus (dark arrowheads); open arrowheads, proximal epithelium. Magnification: A/C - 5×; D, F - 20×; E - 10×."} {"question_id": 230, "question": "Is fgfr2 expression absent in the proximal epithelium of the chick lung during early development?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g003_89747.jpg", "report": "\nfgfr2 expression pattern in early stages of chick lung development.Representative examples of whole mount in situ hybridization (A–C) and sections of hybridized lungs (D–F). fgfr2 is present in distal epithelium of main bronchus (arrow) and secondary bronchi (asterisks); peri-epithelial mesenchyme of the main bronchus (dark arrowheads); open arrowheads, proximal epithelium. Magnification: A/C - 5×; D, F - 20×; E - 10×."} {"question_id": 231, "question": "Do Ramos B cells form a uropod to adhere to the substratum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84363.jpg", "report": "Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm."} {"question_id": 232, "question": "Is RTX-Al488 observed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cell surface?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84363.jpg", "report": "Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm."} {"question_id": 233, "question": "Are uropods of Ramos cells enriched with RTX-Al488?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84363.jpg", "report": "Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm."} {"question_id": 234, "question": "Does the mobile end of Ramos cells show a high concentration of RTX-Al488?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84363.jpg", "report": "Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm."} {"question_id": 235, "question": "Does chloroacetate esterase staining help identify neutrophils in the tissue samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2100046_F4_15086.jpg", "report": "Chloroacetate esterase staining of heart and lung paraffin sections. Representative tissue samples for untreated healthy animals, animals undergoing CPB, and animals undergoing CPB with LIM. Magnification is 200-fold."} {"question_id": 236, "question": "Are the tissue samples taken only from the heart sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2100046_F4_15086.jpg", "report": "Chloroacetate esterase staining of heart and lung paraffin sections. Representative tissue samples for untreated healthy animals, animals undergoing CPB, and animals undergoing CPB with LIM. Magnification is 200-fold."} {"question_id": 237, "question": "Is the magnification used in the study 200-fold?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2100046_F4_15086.jpg", "report": "Chloroacetate esterase staining of heart and lung paraffin sections. Representative tissue samples for untreated healthy animals, animals undergoing CPB, and animals undergoing CPB with LIM. Magnification is 200-fold."} {"question_id": 238, "question": "Are the animals in the study undergoing CPB without any treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2100046_F4_15086.jpg", "report": "Chloroacetate esterase staining of heart and lung paraffin sections. Representative tissue samples for untreated healthy animals, animals undergoing CPB, and animals undergoing CPB with LIM. Magnification is 200-fold."} {"question_id": 239, "question": "Is EGFP expression observed in the abdomen of An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500179_ppat-1000135-g008_26421.jpg", "report": "EGFP expression in An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV (from pBAgα) and EGFP-transducing virions (from pAgActinGFP), which demonstrates transmission of transducing virions between mosquito generations.A–C: EGFP expression in abdomen, D: EGFP expression in head, E: EGFP expression in maxillary palp."} {"question_id": 240, "question": "Is EGFP expression absent in the head of An. gambiae F1 adults infected with EGFP-transducing virions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2500179_ppat-1000135-g008_26421.jpg", "report": "EGFP expression in An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV (from pBAgα) and EGFP-transducing virions (from pAgActinGFP), which demonstrates transmission of transducing virions between mosquito generations.A–C: EGFP expression in abdomen, D: EGFP expression in head, E: EGFP expression in maxillary palp."} {"question_id": 241, "question": "Can EGFP expression be detected in the maxillary palp of An. gambiae F1 adults infected with EGFP-transducing virions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500179_ppat-1000135-g008_26421.jpg", "report": "EGFP expression in An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV (from pBAgα) and EGFP-transducing virions (from pAgActinGFP), which demonstrates transmission of transducing virions between mosquito generations.A–C: EGFP expression in abdomen, D: EGFP expression in head, E: EGFP expression in maxillary palp."} {"question_id": 242, "question": "Is there no EGFP expression in any part of An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2500179_ppat-1000135-g008_26421.jpg", "report": "EGFP expression in An. gambiae F1 adults infected with wild-type AgDNV (from pBAgα) and EGFP-transducing virions (from pAgActinGFP), which demonstrates transmission of transducing virions between mosquito generations.A–C: EGFP expression in abdomen, D: EGFP expression in head, E: EGFP expression in maxillary palp."} {"question_id": 247, "question": "Are appendage-like structures observed on the cell surface of MDR P. aeruginosa in TEM images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2242829_ppat-0040043-g001_17597.jpg", "report": "Multi-Drug–Resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Display Unusual Appendage-Like Structures on the Cell SurfaceTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MDR virulent clinical isolates at magnification of 15,000 × 1.4.(A) Strain MDR1.(B) Strain MDR13.(C) Strain MDR25.(D) Strain MDR26.Novel appendage-like structures are shown by black arrows. For comparison, flagella are indicated by grey arrows."} {"question_id": 248, "question": "Are the magnification levels used in the TEM images of MDR P. aeruginosa lower than 10,000×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2242829_ppat-0040043-g001_17597.jpg", "report": "Multi-Drug–Resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Display Unusual Appendage-Like Structures on the Cell SurfaceTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MDR virulent clinical isolates at magnification of 15,000 × 1.4.(A) Strain MDR1.(B) Strain MDR13.(C) Strain MDR25.(D) Strain MDR26.Novel appendage-like structures are shown by black arrows. For comparison, flagella are indicated by grey arrows."} {"question_id": 249, "question": "Are flagella indicated by black arrows in the TEM images of MDR P. aeruginosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2242829_ppat-0040043-g001_17597.jpg", "report": "Multi-Drug–Resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Display Unusual Appendage-Like Structures on the Cell SurfaceTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of MDR virulent clinical isolates at magnification of 15,000 × 1.4.(A) Strain MDR1.(B) Strain MDR13.(C) Strain MDR25.(D) Strain MDR26.Novel appendage-like structures are shown by black arrows. For comparison, flagella are indicated by grey arrows."} {"question_id": 251, "question": "Is the presence of HPV type 33 confirmed by PCR in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527786_fig1_27192.jpg", "report": "Association between the presence of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in human invasive breast cancer in a sample patient. We noted that E6 expression of HPV type 33 is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in invasive breast cancer using tissue microarray analysis. Magnification is × 200. The presence of HPV type 33 was confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the E6 gene of this virus."} {"question_id": 252, "question": "Is Id-1 overexpression observed in the invasive breast cancer tissue of this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527786_fig1_27192.jpg", "report": "Association between the presence of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in human invasive breast cancer in a sample patient. We noted that E6 expression of HPV type 33 is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in invasive breast cancer using tissue microarray analysis. Magnification is × 200. The presence of HPV type 33 was confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the E6 gene of this virus."} {"question_id": 253, "question": "Was the analysis conducted at a magnification of × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2527786_fig1_27192.jpg", "report": "Association between the presence of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in human invasive breast cancer in a sample patient. We noted that E6 expression of HPV type 33 is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in invasive breast cancer using tissue microarray analysis. Magnification is × 200. The presence of HPV type 33 was confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the E6 gene of this virus."} {"question_id": 254, "question": "Is there a correlation between E6 expression of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in this patient's invasive breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527786_fig1_27192.jpg", "report": "Association between the presence of HPV type 33 and Id-1 overexpression in human invasive breast cancer in a sample patient. We noted that E6 expression of HPV type 33 is correlated with Id-1 overexpression in invasive breast cancer using tissue microarray analysis. Magnification is × 200. The presence of HPV type 33 was confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the E6 gene of this virus."} {"question_id": 255, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical analysis show overexpression of p-AKT in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2724395_F3_43199.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p-AKT, PI3K-110 alpha subunit protein expression and PTEN in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). (i) p-AKT over expression was observed along with (iii) low PTEN expressionand (v) over expression of PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen and, (ii) Low expression for p-AKT was seen along with (iv) high PTEN expression and (vi) reduced expression for PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen. 20 × magnifications with the inset showing a 100 × magnified view of the same."} {"question_id": 256, "question": "Is high PTEN expression observed in the EOC TMA specimen with overexpressed p-AKT?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2724395_F3_43199.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p-AKT, PI3K-110 alpha subunit protein expression and PTEN in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). (i) p-AKT over expression was observed along with (iii) low PTEN expressionand (v) over expression of PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen and, (ii) Low expression for p-AKT was seen along with (iv) high PTEN expression and (vi) reduced expression for PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen. 20 × magnifications with the inset showing a 100 × magnified view of the same."} {"question_id": 258, "question": "Is reduced expression of PI3K-110 alpha found in EOC TMA specimens with low p-AKT expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2724395_F3_43199.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of p-AKT, PI3K-110 alpha subunit protein expression and PTEN in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). (i) p-AKT over expression was observed along with (iii) low PTEN expressionand (v) over expression of PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen and, (ii) Low expression for p-AKT was seen along with (iv) high PTEN expression and (vi) reduced expression for PI3K-110 alpha in EOC TMA specimen. 20 × magnifications with the inset showing a 100 × magnified view of the same."} {"question_id": 259, "question": "Is the PET-patch on the left atrial side completely covered by fibrous tissue and endothelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2778170_fig6_50997.jpg", "report": "The PET-patch on the left atrial side (arrows) is completely covered by fibrous tissue and endothelium without major inflammatory reactions. Magnification 16×, Richardson blue staining. PET: polyethylenterephtalat."} {"question_id": 260, "question": "Are there major inflammatory reactions present on the PET-patch on the left atrial side?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2778170_fig6_50997.jpg", "report": "The PET-patch on the left atrial side (arrows) is completely covered by fibrous tissue and endothelium without major inflammatory reactions. Magnification 16×, Richardson blue staining. PET: polyethylenterephtalat."} {"question_id": 262, "question": "Is Richardson blue staining used for the examination of the PET-patch?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2778170_fig6_50997.jpg", "report": "The PET-patch on the left atrial side (arrows) is completely covered by fibrous tissue and endothelium without major inflammatory reactions. Magnification 16×, Richardson blue staining. PET: polyethylenterephtalat."} {"question_id": 263, "question": "Is CXCR1 expression in colorectal tissue characterized by strong immunoreactivity in all cases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3049559_fig1_89036.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterisation of CXC-chemokine and its receptor expression in colorectal tissue. (A) Representative high-powered images (magnification × 200) illustrating weak (left panel) and strong (right panel) immunoreactivity to antibodies used to characterize the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL1 in colorectal biopsy tissue. (B) Representative low-powered images showing differential expression of CXCL8 within the inflammatory cells surrounding the colorectal epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 264, "question": "Can CXCL8 expression be observed in the inflammatory cells surrounding colorectal epithelial tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049559_fig1_89036.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterisation of CXC-chemokine and its receptor expression in colorectal tissue. (A) Representative high-powered images (magnification × 200) illustrating weak (left panel) and strong (right panel) immunoreactivity to antibodies used to characterize the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL1 in colorectal biopsy tissue. (B) Representative low-powered images showing differential expression of CXCL8 within the inflammatory cells surrounding the colorectal epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 265, "question": "Are both high-powered and low-powered images used to assess the expression of CXC-chemokines in colorectal tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049559_fig1_89036.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterisation of CXC-chemokine and its receptor expression in colorectal tissue. (A) Representative high-powered images (magnification × 200) illustrating weak (left panel) and strong (right panel) immunoreactivity to antibodies used to characterize the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL1 in colorectal biopsy tissue. (B) Representative low-powered images showing differential expression of CXCL8 within the inflammatory cells surrounding the colorectal epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 267, "question": "Are the infiltrating T-cells in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by atypia and clear cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2427016_F1_24257.jpg", "report": "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (submental lymph node biopsy). A, The H&E section demonstrates expansion of the interfollicular T-cells (low magnification); B. The infiltrating T-cells show atypia and clear cytoplasm (high magnification); C, Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining reveals the lymphoma cells are positive for CD4; D. Reactive CD8-positive T-cells are also present."} {"question_id": 268, "question": "Do the lymphoma cells in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma test positive for CD4?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2427016_F1_24257.jpg", "report": "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (submental lymph node biopsy). A, The H&E section demonstrates expansion of the interfollicular T-cells (low magnification); B. The infiltrating T-cells show atypia and clear cytoplasm (high magnification); C, Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining reveals the lymphoma cells are positive for CD4; D. Reactive CD8-positive T-cells are also present."} {"question_id": 269, "question": "Are the reactive T-cells in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma negative for CD8?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2427016_F1_24257.jpg", "report": "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (submental lymph node biopsy). A, The H&E section demonstrates expansion of the interfollicular T-cells (low magnification); B. The infiltrating T-cells show atypia and clear cytoplasm (high magnification); C, Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining reveals the lymphoma cells are positive for CD4; D. Reactive CD8-positive T-cells are also present."} {"question_id": 270, "question": "Is the interfollicular expansion of T-cells observed at low magnification in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2427016_F1_24257.jpg", "report": "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (submental lymph node biopsy). A, The H&E section demonstrates expansion of the interfollicular T-cells (low magnification); B. The infiltrating T-cells show atypia and clear cytoplasm (high magnification); C, Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining reveals the lymphoma cells are positive for CD4; D. Reactive CD8-positive T-cells are also present."} {"question_id": 275, "question": "Are VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells identified in human thymus adipose tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52368.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling."} {"question_id": 276, "question": "Do negative controls show brown labeling?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52368.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling."} {"question_id": 277, "question": "Are haematoxylin labeled nuclei indicated with blue labeling in the negative controls?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52368.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling."} {"question_id": 278, "question": "Are VEGF isoforms only identified in human subcutaneous adipose tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52368.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling."} {"question_id": 279, "question": "Are the tumor cells in the PNET (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor) arranged in nests?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2862514_F0003_63311.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen of the PNET tumor showing tumor cells arranged in nests. These cells are perivascular in arrangement. Cells are PAS positive. (H and E, ×40)"} {"question_id": 280, "question": "Are the PNET tumor cells PAS negative?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862514_F0003_63311.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen of the PNET tumor showing tumor cells arranged in nests. These cells are perivascular in arrangement. Cells are PAS positive. (H and E, ×40)"} {"question_id": 281, "question": "Is the perivascular arrangement of cells observed in the PNET tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2862514_F0003_63311.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen of the PNET tumor showing tumor cells arranged in nests. These cells are perivascular in arrangement. Cells are PAS positive. (H and E, ×40)"} {"question_id": 282, "question": "Is the image magnification of the biopsy specimen ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862514_F0003_63311.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen of the PNET tumor showing tumor cells arranged in nests. These cells are perivascular in arrangement. Cells are PAS positive. (H and E, ×40)"} {"question_id": 283, "question": "Do ZsGreen-cODC+ cells contribute to tumor growth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2880434_F3_65482.jpg", "report": "ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are a subpopulation of CD24low/-/CD44+ stem cell-containing population and lead to tumor growth. (A) Confluent MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC monolayer (top panel) and spheres (bottom panels). ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are enriched in mammospheres. (B) Immunofluorescence of CD24 (red, top panel) and CD44 (red, bottom panel) reveals an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the subpopulation CD24low/-/CD44+ in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres."} {"question_id": 284, "question": "Are ZsGreen-cODC+ cells found in a subpopulation of CD24high/CD44- cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2880434_F3_65482.jpg", "report": "ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are a subpopulation of CD24low/-/CD44+ stem cell-containing population and lead to tumor growth. (A) Confluent MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC monolayer (top panel) and spheres (bottom panels). ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are enriched in mammospheres. (B) Immunofluorescence of CD24 (red, top panel) and CD44 (red, bottom panel) reveals an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the subpopulation CD24low/-/CD44+ in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres."} {"question_id": 285, "question": "Is there an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the CD24low/-/CD44+ subpopulation in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2880434_F3_65482.jpg", "report": "ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are a subpopulation of CD24low/-/CD44+ stem cell-containing population and lead to tumor growth. (A) Confluent MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC monolayer (top panel) and spheres (bottom panels). ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are enriched in mammospheres. (B) Immunofluorescence of CD24 (red, top panel) and CD44 (red, bottom panel) reveals an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the subpopulation CD24low/-/CD44+ in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres."} {"question_id": 286, "question": "Are ZsGreen-cODC+ cells enriched in monolayers rather than mammospheres?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2880434_F3_65482.jpg", "report": "ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are a subpopulation of CD24low/-/CD44+ stem cell-containing population and lead to tumor growth. (A) Confluent MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC monolayer (top panel) and spheres (bottom panels). ZsGreen-cODC+ cells are enriched in mammospheres. (B) Immunofluorescence of CD24 (red, top panel) and CD44 (red, bottom panel) reveals an overlap between ZsGreen-cODC-positive cells and the subpopulation CD24low/-/CD44+ in MCF-7-ZsGreen-cODC mammospheres."} {"question_id": 287, "question": "Are CD45 markers used to identify common leucocytes in the tissue sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360109_fig3_21043.jpg", "report": "Composition of clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC), adjacent benign tissue (peri-PAC) and specimens of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland (NHPG). Successive tissue sections were reacted to antibodies recognising common (CD45) and subset-specific (CD3, CD4, CD8 – T lymphocytes, CD20 – B lymphocytes) markers of leucocytes. Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 288, "question": "Is adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC) the only tissue type examined in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360109_fig3_21043.jpg", "report": "Composition of clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC), adjacent benign tissue (peri-PAC) and specimens of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland (NHPG). Successive tissue sections were reacted to antibodies recognising common (CD45) and subset-specific (CD3, CD4, CD8 – T lymphocytes, CD20 – B lymphocytes) markers of leucocytes. Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 289, "question": "Do the antibodies used in the study recognize CD3, CD4, and CD8 markers of T lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360109_fig3_21043.jpg", "report": "Composition of clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC), adjacent benign tissue (peri-PAC) and specimens of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland (NHPG). Successive tissue sections were reacted to antibodies recognising common (CD45) and subset-specific (CD3, CD4, CD8 – T lymphocytes, CD20 – B lymphocytes) markers of leucocytes. Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 290, "question": "Is magnification × 400 used for the tissue sections in this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360109_fig3_21043.jpg", "report": "Composition of clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma lesions (PAC), adjacent benign tissue (peri-PAC) and specimens of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland (NHPG). Successive tissue sections were reacted to antibodies recognising common (CD45) and subset-specific (CD3, CD4, CD8 – T lymphocytes, CD20 – B lymphocytes) markers of leucocytes. Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 292, "question": "Were the cells fixed and stained on day 5 of differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2764571_F3_48266.jpg", "report": "Retinoic acid (RA) cannot override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR. P19[control] (A, B, E, F) and P19[β-Cat/EnR] (C, D, G, H) cells were aggregated in the presence of 0.8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with (E-H) and without (A-D) 10 nM RA. Cells were fixed on day 9 of differentiation for immunofluorescence with MF20 antibody (B, D, F, H) and counter stained with Hoechst dye (A, C, E, G). Magnification is 160×."} {"question_id": 293, "question": "Is the magnification used for the immunofluorescence imaging 160×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2764571_F3_48266.jpg", "report": "Retinoic acid (RA) cannot override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR. P19[control] (A, B, E, F) and P19[β-Cat/EnR] (C, D, G, H) cells were aggregated in the presence of 0.8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with (E-H) and without (A-D) 10 nM RA. Cells were fixed on day 9 of differentiation for immunofluorescence with MF20 antibody (B, D, F, H) and counter stained with Hoechst dye (A, C, E, G). Magnification is 160×."} {"question_id": 294, "question": "Does the presence of 10 nM RA override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2764571_F3_48266.jpg", "report": "Retinoic acid (RA) cannot override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR. P19[control] (A, B, E, F) and P19[β-Cat/EnR] (C, D, G, H) cells were aggregated in the presence of 0.8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with (E-H) and without (A-D) 10 nM RA. Cells were fixed on day 9 of differentiation for immunofluorescence with MF20 antibody (B, D, F, H) and counter stained with Hoechst dye (A, C, E, G). Magnification is 160×."} {"question_id": 295, "question": "Does the SP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant show tissue necrosis in the inoculated leaf area?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3048869_pone-0017306-g004_88991.jpg", "report": "Induction of tissue necrosis in the BNYVV inoculated leaf area of\ntransgenic N. benthamiana plant lines expressing\nSP/HrpZPsph.A) Non-transgenic plant. B)\nSP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant. The inset\nshows the tissue necrosis localized in the inoculated leaf area of a\nrepresentative resistant T1 plant at 3–4 dpi."} {"question_id": 296, "question": "Is tissue necrosis observed in the non-transgenic plant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3048869_pone-0017306-g004_88991.jpg", "report": "Induction of tissue necrosis in the BNYVV inoculated leaf area of\ntransgenic N. benthamiana plant lines expressing\nSP/HrpZPsph.A) Non-transgenic plant. B)\nSP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant. The inset\nshows the tissue necrosis localized in the inoculated leaf area of a\nrepresentative resistant T1 plant at 3–4 dpi."} {"question_id": 297, "question": "Is the tissue necrosis in SP/HrpZPsph-expressing plants localized to the inoculated leaf area?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3048869_pone-0017306-g004_88991.jpg", "report": "Induction of tissue necrosis in the BNYVV inoculated leaf area of\ntransgenic N. benthamiana plant lines expressing\nSP/HrpZPsph.A) Non-transgenic plant. B)\nSP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant. The inset\nshows the tissue necrosis localized in the inoculated leaf area of a\nrepresentative resistant T1 plant at 3–4 dpi."} {"question_id": 298, "question": "Is the tissue necrosis in SP/HrpZPsph-expressing plants observed at 7-8 dpi?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3048869_pone-0017306-g004_88991.jpg", "report": "Induction of tissue necrosis in the BNYVV inoculated leaf area of\ntransgenic N. benthamiana plant lines expressing\nSP/HrpZPsph.A) Non-transgenic plant. B)\nSP/HrpZPsph-expressing plant. The inset\nshows the tissue necrosis localized in the inoculated leaf area of a\nrepresentative resistant T1 plant at 3–4 dpi."} {"question_id": 299, "question": "Does the diffused gradient vector field with elastic deformation transformation flow smoothly toward the central areas of cell nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2064921_F1_14676.jpg", "report": "The 3D view of gradient vector field and diffused gradient vector field with elastic deformation transformation of a slice cropped from a 3D cell nuclei image. (a). A slice of the 3D image. (b). The original gradient vector field. (c). The diffused gradient flow field with elastic deformation transformation. Obviously, the diffused vector field with elastic deformation transformation smoothly flows toward the central areas of cell nuclei. (d). Zoomed view of (b). (e). Zoomed view of (c)."} {"question_id": 300, "question": "Is the original gradient vector field shown in a zoomed view in (e)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2064921_F1_14676.jpg", "report": "The 3D view of gradient vector field and diffused gradient vector field with elastic deformation transformation of a slice cropped from a 3D cell nuclei image. (a). A slice of the 3D image. (b). The original gradient vector field. (c). The diffused gradient flow field with elastic deformation transformation. Obviously, the diffused vector field with elastic deformation transformation smoothly flows toward the central areas of cell nuclei. (d). Zoomed view of (b). (e). Zoomed view of (c)."} {"question_id": 301, "question": "Does the 3D image slice show a clear depiction of cell nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2064921_F1_14676.jpg", "report": "The 3D view of gradient vector field and diffused gradient vector field with elastic deformation transformation of a slice cropped from a 3D cell nuclei image. (a). A slice of the 3D image. (b). The original gradient vector field. (c). The diffused gradient flow field with elastic deformation transformation. Obviously, the diffused vector field with elastic deformation transformation smoothly flows toward the central areas of cell nuclei. (d). Zoomed view of (b). (e). Zoomed view of (c)."} {"question_id": 303, "question": "Were lobular appearances observed under lower magnification in the cadmium-treated lung?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2702298_F9_40781.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cadmium treated lung. A, No lobular appearances were observed under lower magnification. B, Alveolar space was getting narrowed in treated lung, compared to the normal one. C, Lobular appearances were prominent at higher magnification. D, Narrow edicular spaces signify the increasement of cell density. Ibuprofen showed no effect to revert the structural deformity."} {"question_id": 304, "question": "Did the alveolar space narrow in the cadmium-treated lung compared to the normal lung?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2702298_F9_40781.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cadmium treated lung. A, No lobular appearances were observed under lower magnification. B, Alveolar space was getting narrowed in treated lung, compared to the normal one. C, Lobular appearances were prominent at higher magnification. D, Narrow edicular spaces signify the increasement of cell density. Ibuprofen showed no effect to revert the structural deformity."} {"question_id": 305, "question": "Were lobular appearances prominent at higher magnification in the cadmium-treated lung?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2702298_F9_40781.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cadmium treated lung. A, No lobular appearances were observed under lower magnification. B, Alveolar space was getting narrowed in treated lung, compared to the normal one. C, Lobular appearances were prominent at higher magnification. D, Narrow edicular spaces signify the increasement of cell density. Ibuprofen showed no effect to revert the structural deformity."} {"question_id": 306, "question": "Did ibuprofen show an effect to revert the structural deformity in the cadmium-treated lung?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2702298_F9_40781.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cadmium treated lung. A, No lobular appearances were observed under lower magnification. B, Alveolar space was getting narrowed in treated lung, compared to the normal one. C, Lobular appearances were prominent at higher magnification. D, Narrow edicular spaces signify the increasement of cell density. Ibuprofen showed no effect to revert the structural deformity."} {"question_id": 307, "question": "Are the rifampicin-loaded microcapsules visible under scanning electron microscopy (SEM)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2883207_F0001_65877.jpg", "report": "SEM image of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules.Scanning electron micrographs of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules (MC1) prepared by ionic gelation process taken at scope magnifications of ×500."} {"question_id": 308, "question": "Were the rifampicin-loaded microcapsules prepared by an emulsion process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2883207_F0001_65877.jpg", "report": "SEM image of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules.Scanning electron micrographs of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules (MC1) prepared by ionic gelation process taken at scope magnifications of ×500."} {"question_id": 309, "question": "Is the magnification used for the SEM image of the microcapsules ×500?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2883207_F0001_65877.jpg", "report": "SEM image of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules.Scanning electron micrographs of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules (MC1) prepared by ionic gelation process taken at scope magnifications of ×500."} {"question_id": 310, "question": "Can scanning electron micrographs provide chemical composition details of the rifampicin-loaded microcapsules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2883207_F0001_65877.jpg", "report": "SEM image of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules.Scanning electron micrographs of rifampicin-loaded microcapsules (MC1) prepared by ionic gelation process taken at scope magnifications of ×500."} {"question_id": 311, "question": "Are the images taken using a scanning electron microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3021568_f10_84288.jpg", "report": "Images of microvilli in in vitro reconstituted corneal epithelium. Scanning electron microscope images showing Control (A) and EDEV-HCE tissue induced for 24 h (B) with treatments with different tear substitutes (C-Hyalistil®; D-Etacortilen®; E-Xiloial®; F-TSP 0,5%®; G-Optive®). Two μm magnification."} {"question_id": 313, "question": "Is the magnification used in the images greater than 2 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3021568_f10_84288.jpg", "report": "Images of microvilli in in vitro reconstituted corneal epithelium. Scanning electron microscope images showing Control (A) and EDEV-HCE tissue induced for 24 h (B) with treatments with different tear substitutes (C-Hyalistil®; D-Etacortilen®; E-Xiloial®; F-TSP 0,5%®; G-Optive®). Two μm magnification."} {"question_id": 314, "question": "Are the microvilli images from in vivo corneal epithelium samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3021568_f10_84288.jpg", "report": "Images of microvilli in in vitro reconstituted corneal epithelium. Scanning electron microscope images showing Control (A) and EDEV-HCE tissue induced for 24 h (B) with treatments with different tear substitutes (C-Hyalistil®; D-Etacortilen®; E-Xiloial®; F-TSP 0,5%®; G-Optive®). Two μm magnification."} {"question_id": 315, "question": "Can Hoechst 33342 be used to stain the nuclei in HeLa and HEK 293 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2635605_f7-ijms-9-2044_33755.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (A, C) and HEK 293 (B, D) cells in 0.5 and 24 hrs after treating with 10 nM GSH-QDs (top row: a-e), 10 nM GSH-QDs and 1.6 ng/mL Hoechst 33342 (middle row: f-j), and 10 nM GSH-QDs and 0.2 nM ER-TrackerTM Green (bottom row: k-o). Hoechst 33342 and ER-TrackerTM Green stain nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Scale bars in figures show 20 μm length."} {"question_id": 316, "question": "Is ER-TrackerTM Green used to stain the Golgi apparatus in HeLa and HEK 293 cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2635605_f7-ijms-9-2044_33755.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (A, C) and HEK 293 (B, D) cells in 0.5 and 24 hrs after treating with 10 nM GSH-QDs (top row: a-e), 10 nM GSH-QDs and 1.6 ng/mL Hoechst 33342 (middle row: f-j), and 10 nM GSH-QDs and 0.2 nM ER-TrackerTM Green (bottom row: k-o). Hoechst 33342 and ER-TrackerTM Green stain nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Scale bars in figures show 20 μm length."} {"question_id": 317, "question": "Were the confocal microscopy images taken at both 0.5 and 24 hours after treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2635605_f7-ijms-9-2044_33755.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (A, C) and HEK 293 (B, D) cells in 0.5 and 24 hrs after treating with 10 nM GSH-QDs (top row: a-e), 10 nM GSH-QDs and 1.6 ng/mL Hoechst 33342 (middle row: f-j), and 10 nM GSH-QDs and 0.2 nM ER-TrackerTM Green (bottom row: k-o). Hoechst 33342 and ER-TrackerTM Green stain nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Scale bars in figures show 20 μm length."} {"question_id": 318, "question": "Are the scale bars in the confocal microscopy images 50 μm in length?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2635605_f7-ijms-9-2044_33755.jpg", "report": "Confocal microscopy images of HeLa (A, C) and HEK 293 (B, D) cells in 0.5 and 24 hrs after treating with 10 nM GSH-QDs (top row: a-e), 10 nM GSH-QDs and 1.6 ng/mL Hoechst 33342 (middle row: f-j), and 10 nM GSH-QDs and 0.2 nM ER-TrackerTM Green (bottom row: k-o). Hoechst 33342 and ER-TrackerTM Green stain nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Scale bars in figures show 20 μm length."} {"question_id": 319, "question": "Are myelinic bodies present in the muscular biopsy of the PSSM-affected Norman Cob horse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741442_F2_45804.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural evaluation of muscular biopsy from a PSSM affected Norman Cob horse #49. (A) Transversal section. (B) Longitudinal section. Severe mitochondrial (m) and myofibrillar (f) loss due to abnormal accumulation of granular material (arrowhead) resembling glycogen. Some myelinic bodies (arrow) were present that demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration. A nucleus is indicated (n)."} {"question_id": 320, "question": "Does the biopsy show severe mitochondrial and myofibrillar preservation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2741442_F2_45804.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural evaluation of muscular biopsy from a PSSM affected Norman Cob horse #49. (A) Transversal section. (B) Longitudinal section. Severe mitochondrial (m) and myofibrillar (f) loss due to abnormal accumulation of granular material (arrowhead) resembling glycogen. Some myelinic bodies (arrow) were present that demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration. A nucleus is indicated (n)."} {"question_id": 321, "question": "Is the abnormal accumulation of granular material in the biopsy resembling glycogen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741442_F2_45804.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural evaluation of muscular biopsy from a PSSM affected Norman Cob horse #49. (A) Transversal section. (B) Longitudinal section. Severe mitochondrial (m) and myofibrillar (f) loss due to abnormal accumulation of granular material (arrowhead) resembling glycogen. Some myelinic bodies (arrow) were present that demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration. A nucleus is indicated (n)."} {"question_id": 322, "question": "Is there an indication of a nucleus in the provided biopsy images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741442_F2_45804.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural evaluation of muscular biopsy from a PSSM affected Norman Cob horse #49. (A) Transversal section. (B) Longitudinal section. Severe mitochondrial (m) and myofibrillar (f) loss due to abnormal accumulation of granular material (arrowhead) resembling glycogen. Some myelinic bodies (arrow) were present that demonstrated mitochondrial degeneration. A nucleus is indicated (n)."} {"question_id": 323, "question": "Is subtotal villous atrophy observed in the duodenal mucosal biopsy image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2649142_F1_35177.jpg", "report": "Microscopic image of the duodenal mucosal biopsy. Duodenal mucosal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 324, "question": "Does the biopsy image show evidence of lymphocyte infiltration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2649142_F1_35177.jpg", "report": "Microscopic image of the duodenal mucosal biopsy. Duodenal mucosal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 325, "question": "Is crypt hyperplasia absent in the duodenal mucosal biopsy image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2649142_F1_35177.jpg", "report": "Microscopic image of the duodenal mucosal biopsy. Duodenal mucosal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 326, "question": "Are the villi in the duodenal mucosal biopsy image completely normal?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2649142_F1_35177.jpg", "report": "Microscopic image of the duodenal mucosal biopsy. Duodenal mucosal biopsy showing subtotal villous atrophy, lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 327, "question": "Is the epithelial lining of the fibrovascular cores in a mixed solitary bronchial papilloma composed of both squamous and glandular cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2734747_F2_44540.jpg", "report": "Mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. At this magnification, fibrovascular cores are lined by squamous and glandular epithelium. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification × 100."} {"question_id": 328, "question": "Are fibrovascular cores absent in a mixed solitary bronchial papilloma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2734747_F2_44540.jpg", "report": "Mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. At this magnification, fibrovascular cores are lined by squamous and glandular epithelium. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification × 100."} {"question_id": 329, "question": "Can a mixed solitary bronchial papilloma be identified using Hematoxylin-eosin stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2734747_F2_44540.jpg", "report": "Mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. At this magnification, fibrovascular cores are lined by squamous and glandular epithelium. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification × 100."} {"question_id": 330, "question": "Is the magnification used to observe mixed solitary bronchial papilloma typically less than × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2734747_F2_44540.jpg", "report": "Mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. At this magnification, fibrovascular cores are lined by squamous and glandular epithelium. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; magnification × 100."} {"question_id": 331, "question": "Is virus replication more sustained in the lungs of MyD88−/− mice compared to WT mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2587915_ppat-1000240-g002_30635.jpg", "report": "Virus replication is sustained and distribution is more widespread within the lungs of MyD88−/− mice as compared to WT mice.5 µM paraffin-embedded sections derived from the lung tissue of WT and MyD88−/− mice were hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to either the N gene of SARS-CoV (Urbani) or to the EBER2 gene from Epstein-Barr virus (data not shown). Images (magnification, 100×) are representative of at least three mice."} {"question_id": 332, "question": "Were the lung tissue sections hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to the N gene of SARS-CoV?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2587915_ppat-1000240-g002_30635.jpg", "report": "Virus replication is sustained and distribution is more widespread within the lungs of MyD88−/− mice as compared to WT mice.5 µM paraffin-embedded sections derived from the lung tissue of WT and MyD88−/− mice were hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to either the N gene of SARS-CoV (Urbani) or to the EBER2 gene from Epstein-Barr virus (data not shown). Images (magnification, 100×) are representative of at least three mice."} {"question_id": 333, "question": "Did the study use paraffin-embedded sections derived from brain tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2587915_ppat-1000240-g002_30635.jpg", "report": "Virus replication is sustained and distribution is more widespread within the lungs of MyD88−/− mice as compared to WT mice.5 µM paraffin-embedded sections derived from the lung tissue of WT and MyD88−/− mice were hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to either the N gene of SARS-CoV (Urbani) or to the EBER2 gene from Epstein-Barr virus (data not shown). Images (magnification, 100×) are representative of at least three mice."} {"question_id": 334, "question": "Were the images representative of at least three mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2587915_ppat-1000240-g002_30635.jpg", "report": "Virus replication is sustained and distribution is more widespread within the lungs of MyD88−/− mice as compared to WT mice.5 µM paraffin-embedded sections derived from the lung tissue of WT and MyD88−/− mice were hybridized with an 35S-UTP-labeled riboprobe complementary to either the N gene of SARS-CoV (Urbani) or to the EBER2 gene from Epstein-Barr virus (data not shown). Images (magnification, 100×) are representative of at least three mice."} {"question_id": 335, "question": "Are the spindle cells in the lesion irregularly arranged?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2621132_F4_32384.jpg", "report": "Higher power view of the lesion showing irregularly arranged bland spindle cells in the lamina propria (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×200)."} {"question_id": 336, "question": "Is the magnification of the hematoxylin-eosin stain image ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2621132_F4_32384.jpg", "report": "Higher power view of the lesion showing irregularly arranged bland spindle cells in the lamina propria (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×200)."} {"question_id": 337, "question": "Are the spindle cells located in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2621132_F4_32384.jpg", "report": "Higher power view of the lesion showing irregularly arranged bland spindle cells in the lamina propria (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×200)."} {"question_id": 338, "question": "Do the spindle cells in this lesion appear to be highly atypical?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2621132_F4_32384.jpg", "report": "Higher power view of the lesion showing irregularly arranged bland spindle cells in the lamina propria (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×200)."} {"question_id": 339, "question": "Is the expression of PI Synthase observed in AMOL cells after treatment with ST?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2873392_F2_64456.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs showing the expression of PI Synthase, PI-3 Kinase and Cyclin D1 in AMOL cells after treatment with ST. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with ST (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and immunolabelled with respective antibodies followed by FITC conjugated secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with PI (red fluorescence). Original Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 340, "question": "Are the cell nuclei counterstained with DAPI in the provided confocal micrographs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2873392_F2_64456.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs showing the expression of PI Synthase, PI-3 Kinase and Cyclin D1 in AMOL cells after treatment with ST. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with ST (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and immunolabelled with respective antibodies followed by FITC conjugated secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with PI (red fluorescence). Original Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 341, "question": "Does the treatment with ST result in green fluorescence indicating immunolabeling in AMOL cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2873392_F2_64456.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs showing the expression of PI Synthase, PI-3 Kinase and Cyclin D1 in AMOL cells after treatment with ST. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with ST (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and immunolabelled with respective antibodies followed by FITC conjugated secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with PI (red fluorescence). Original Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 342, "question": "Were the AMOL cells treated with a concentration of 5 μg/ml of ST for 48 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2873392_F2_64456.jpg", "report": "Confocal micrographs showing the expression of PI Synthase, PI-3 Kinase and Cyclin D1 in AMOL cells after treatment with ST. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with ST (10 μg/ml) for 48 h and immunolabelled with respective antibodies followed by FITC conjugated secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with PI (red fluorescence). Original Magnification × 200."} {"question_id": 343, "question": "Are the cells of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936354_F4_73129.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures."} {"question_id": 344, "question": "Are the flagellar filaments shown at lower magnification in the inset pictures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2936354_F4_73129.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures."} {"question_id": 345, "question": "Does the electron micrograph include an image of a flaA- mutant? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936354_F4_73129.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures."} {"question_id": 346, "question": "Is the scale bar for the cells with flagella 100 nm? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2936354_F4_73129.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of R. leguminosarum VF39SM fla mutants stained with uranyl acetate. Inset pictures show the flagellar filaments at higher magnification. (a) flaA- (b) flaB- (c) flaC- (d) flaD- (e) flaE- (f) flaH- (g) flaG- (h) flaB/C/D- (i) flaA/B/C/D-. Bars: 500 nm for cells with flagella; 100 nm for inset pictures."} {"question_id": 347, "question": "Is EGFR expression assessed through immunohistochemistry in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777152_F3_50723.jpg", "report": "EGFR expression was assessed in tumor sections using immunohistochemistry. The brown colored membrane staining indicates EGFR positive immunoreactivity. (A: Control, B: PDT, C: Erbitux and D: PDT +Erbitux). Magnification: 630×."} {"question_id": 349, "question": "Is brown colored membrane staining indicative of EGFR positive immunoreactivity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777152_F3_50723.jpg", "report": "EGFR expression was assessed in tumor sections using immunohistochemistry. The brown colored membrane staining indicates EGFR positive immunoreactivity. (A: Control, B: PDT, C: Erbitux and D: PDT +Erbitux). Magnification: 630×."} {"question_id": 350, "question": "Are tumor sections stained at a magnification of 1000× in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777152_F3_50723.jpg", "report": "EGFR expression was assessed in tumor sections using immunohistochemistry. The brown colored membrane staining indicates EGFR positive immunoreactivity. (A: Control, B: PDT, C: Erbitux and D: PDT +Erbitux). Magnification: 630×."} {"question_id": 351, "question": "Are dead cells in the sample identified by nuclear red PI fluorescence?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2266753_F4_18780.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence pattern of pig spermatozoa stained with FITC-PNA + PI for the assessment of acrosome status and sperm viability. Dead cells showing nuclear red PI fluorescence: C-D. Live cells without PI staining: A acrosome-reacted cells with uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of acrosome cap; B: acrosome-unreacted cells with no staining of acrosomal cap (original magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 352, "question": "Do live cells show PI staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2266753_F4_18780.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence pattern of pig spermatozoa stained with FITC-PNA + PI for the assessment of acrosome status and sperm viability. Dead cells showing nuclear red PI fluorescence: C-D. Live cells without PI staining: A acrosome-reacted cells with uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of acrosome cap; B: acrosome-unreacted cells with no staining of acrosomal cap (original magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 353, "question": "Can acrosome-reacted cells be identified by uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of the acrosome cap?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2266753_F4_18780.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence pattern of pig spermatozoa stained with FITC-PNA + PI for the assessment of acrosome status and sperm viability. Dead cells showing nuclear red PI fluorescence: C-D. Live cells without PI staining: A acrosome-reacted cells with uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of acrosome cap; B: acrosome-unreacted cells with no staining of acrosomal cap (original magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 354, "question": "Do acrosome-unreacted cells show staining of the acrosomal cap?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2266753_F4_18780.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence pattern of pig spermatozoa stained with FITC-PNA + PI for the assessment of acrosome status and sperm viability. Dead cells showing nuclear red PI fluorescence: C-D. Live cells without PI staining: A acrosome-reacted cells with uniform green FITC-PNA fluorescence of acrosome cap; B: acrosome-unreacted cells with no staining of acrosomal cap (original magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 355, "question": "Are RAW 264.7 cells a type of macrophage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3030506_F2_85758.jpg", "report": "Effects of MWCNT on macrophages in vitro - light microscopy observations. Representative light microscopy images of RAW 264.7 cells exposed for 24 h to culture medium alone (Control) or 100 μg/ml of carbon black (CB), crocidolite fibres, NT1, NT2 or NT3. Original magnification: x 20. Abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1."} {"question_id": 357, "question": "Were the RAW 264.7 cells exposed to culture medium alone as a control?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3030506_F2_85758.jpg", "report": "Effects of MWCNT on macrophages in vitro - light microscopy observations. Representative light microscopy images of RAW 264.7 cells exposed for 24 h to culture medium alone (Control) or 100 μg/ml of carbon black (CB), crocidolite fibres, NT1, NT2 or NT3. Original magnification: x 20. Abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1."} {"question_id": 358, "question": "Was an original magnification of x 50 used in the light microscopy observations?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3030506_F2_85758.jpg", "report": "Effects of MWCNT on macrophages in vitro - light microscopy observations. Representative light microscopy images of RAW 264.7 cells exposed for 24 h to culture medium alone (Control) or 100 μg/ml of carbon black (CB), crocidolite fibres, NT1, NT2 or NT3. Original magnification: x 20. Abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1."} {"question_id": 359, "question": "Are resin tags (RT) present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3075449_F0002_92293.jpg", "report": "SEM observation of SBMP after three-month storage time. A(adhesive), C(resin composite) D (dentin), RT(resin tags)"} {"question_id": 360, "question": "Is the adhesive layer (A) absent in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3075449_F0002_92293.jpg", "report": "SEM observation of SBMP after three-month storage time. A(adhesive), C(resin composite) D (dentin), RT(resin tags)"} {"question_id": 361, "question": "Does the image show the presence of dentin (D)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3075449_F0002_92293.jpg", "report": "SEM observation of SBMP after three-month storage time. A(adhesive), C(resin composite) D (dentin), RT(resin tags)"} {"question_id": 362, "question": "Is the resin composite (C) missing from the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3075449_F0002_92293.jpg", "report": "SEM observation of SBMP after three-month storage time. A(adhesive), C(resin composite) D (dentin), RT(resin tags)"} {"question_id": 363, "question": "Is the Thyroid tissue used as a positive control for NIS protein expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3023714_pone-0016023-g002_84764.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of NIS protein expression in 5 µM sections of selected tissues from patient cohort.(a) Thyroid tissue (positive control) (400×), (b) Antibody free Fibroadenoma (negative control) (200×), (c) Fibroadenoma (400×). Also shown are breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A (d), Luminal B (e), Her2 (f) and Basal (g) at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 364, "question": "Is Fibroadenoma used as a negative control for NIS protein expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3023714_pone-0016023-g002_84764.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of NIS protein expression in 5 µM sections of selected tissues from patient cohort.(a) Thyroid tissue (positive control) (400×), (b) Antibody free Fibroadenoma (negative control) (200×), (c) Fibroadenoma (400×). Also shown are breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A (d), Luminal B (e), Her2 (f) and Basal (g) at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 365, "question": "Are the breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2, and Basal analyzed at 400× magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3023714_pone-0016023-g002_84764.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of NIS protein expression in 5 µM sections of selected tissues from patient cohort.(a) Thyroid tissue (positive control) (400×), (b) Antibody free Fibroadenoma (negative control) (200×), (c) Fibroadenoma (400×). Also shown are breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A (d), Luminal B (e), Her2 (f) and Basal (g) at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 366, "question": "Is the antibody-free Fibroadenoma used as a positive control in the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3023714_pone-0016023-g002_84764.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of NIS protein expression in 5 µM sections of selected tissues from patient cohort.(a) Thyroid tissue (positive control) (400×), (b) Antibody free Fibroadenoma (negative control) (200×), (c) Fibroadenoma (400×). Also shown are breast cancer epithelial subtypes Luminal A (d), Luminal B (e), Her2 (f) and Basal (g) at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 367, "question": "Is c-KIT staining associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2633001_F1_33465.jpg", "report": "A representative immunohistochemical section of the resected primary tumor – diffuse c-KIT staining."} {"question_id": 368, "question": "Does diffuse c-KIT staining rule out the diagnosis of a primary lung tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2633001_F1_33465.jpg", "report": "A representative immunohistochemical section of the resected primary tumor – diffuse c-KIT staining."} {"question_id": 369, "question": "Can diffuse c-KIT staining be indicative of a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2633001_F1_33465.jpg", "report": "A representative immunohistochemical section of the resected primary tumor – diffuse c-KIT staining."} {"question_id": 370, "question": "Is c-KIT staining typically found in benign lung lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2633001_F1_33465.jpg", "report": "A representative immunohistochemical section of the resected primary tumor – diffuse c-KIT staining."} {"question_id": 371, "question": "Are CD3+ lymphocytes involved in T-cell migration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2686160_pone-0005786-g002_39049.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of T-cell migration.Open bars represent LacZ animals and black bars represent SOD3 animals. Infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes was inhibited in SOD3 animals 10 days after injury remaining at the level seen at earlier 3-day time point (20× magnification)."} {"question_id": 373, "question": "Is the inhibition of T-cell migration observed in LacZ animals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2686160_pone-0005786-g002_39049.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of T-cell migration.Open bars represent LacZ animals and black bars represent SOD3 animals. Infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes was inhibited in SOD3 animals 10 days after injury remaining at the level seen at earlier 3-day time point (20× magnification)."} {"question_id": 374, "question": "Was the infiltration level of CD3+ lymphocytes in SOD3 animals the same at both the 3-day and 10-day time points?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2686160_pone-0005786-g002_39049.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of T-cell migration.Open bars represent LacZ animals and black bars represent SOD3 animals. Infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes was inhibited in SOD3 animals 10 days after injury remaining at the level seen at earlier 3-day time point (20× magnification)."} {"question_id": 375, "question": "Were the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4, and Δprs3 strains visualized under optical microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2551608_F5_27954.jpg", "report": "Microscopic phenotype of A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains. Micelia of the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains grown on liquid rich medium were visualized under optical microscopy at 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture. Bar indicates 1 mm."} {"question_id": 376, "question": "Were the strains grown on a solid medium for the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2551608_F5_27954.jpg", "report": "Microscopic phenotype of A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains. Micelia of the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains grown on liquid rich medium were visualized under optical microscopy at 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture. Bar indicates 1 mm."} {"question_id": 378, "question": "Is the bar indicating 1 mm in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2551608_F5_27954.jpg", "report": "Microscopic phenotype of A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains. Micelia of the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains grown on liquid rich medium were visualized under optical microscopy at 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture. Bar indicates 1 mm."} {"question_id": 379, "question": "Were only the wild-type strains of A. gossypii included in the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2551608_F5_27954.jpg", "report": "Microscopic phenotype of A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains. Micelia of the A. gossypii wild-type, Δprs2,4 and Δprs3 strains grown on liquid rich medium were visualized under optical microscopy at 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture. Bar indicates 1 mm."} {"question_id": 380, "question": "Is PCM-1 stained in red in the cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2676252_F2_37916.jpg", "report": "Reorganization of microtububules and centrosome protein in cells expressing myogenic differentiation markers. Culture of mouse myoblasts containing undifferentiated (u) cells, and cells that started to differentiate (d). The centrosome protein PCM-1 is stained in red, DNA is stained in blue. In green is marked (A) tubulin, (B) the differentiation marker 'embryonic myosin', (C) the differentiation marker myogenin, (D) the proliferation marker Ki-67. Bars, 10 μm. Identical magnifications in A-C."} {"question_id": 381, "question": "Is DNA stained in green in the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2676252_F2_37916.jpg", "report": "Reorganization of microtububules and centrosome protein in cells expressing myogenic differentiation markers. Culture of mouse myoblasts containing undifferentiated (u) cells, and cells that started to differentiate (d). The centrosome protein PCM-1 is stained in red, DNA is stained in blue. In green is marked (A) tubulin, (B) the differentiation marker 'embryonic myosin', (C) the differentiation marker myogenin, (D) the proliferation marker Ki-67. Bars, 10 μm. Identical magnifications in A-C."} {"question_id": 382, "question": "Are the differentiation markers 'embryonic myosin' and myogenin both stained in green?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2676252_F2_37916.jpg", "report": "Reorganization of microtububules and centrosome protein in cells expressing myogenic differentiation markers. Culture of mouse myoblasts containing undifferentiated (u) cells, and cells that started to differentiate (d). The centrosome protein PCM-1 is stained in red, DNA is stained in blue. In green is marked (A) tubulin, (B) the differentiation marker 'embryonic myosin', (C) the differentiation marker myogenin, (D) the proliferation marker Ki-67. Bars, 10 μm. Identical magnifications in A-C."} {"question_id": 383, "question": "Is the proliferation marker Ki-67 stained in blue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2676252_F2_37916.jpg", "report": "Reorganization of microtububules and centrosome protein in cells expressing myogenic differentiation markers. Culture of mouse myoblasts containing undifferentiated (u) cells, and cells that started to differentiate (d). The centrosome protein PCM-1 is stained in red, DNA is stained in blue. In green is marked (A) tubulin, (B) the differentiation marker 'embryonic myosin', (C) the differentiation marker myogenin, (D) the proliferation marker Ki-67. Bars, 10 μm. Identical magnifications in A-C."} {"question_id": 384, "question": "Were TG tissues obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1896151_F2_11774.jpg", "report": "Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells."} {"question_id": 385, "question": "Was in situ hybridization performed using 3' biotin labeled LNA probes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1896151_F2_11774.jpg", "report": "Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells."} {"question_id": 386, "question": "Did the bound probes produce green fluorescence?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1896151_F2_11774.jpg", "report": "Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells."} {"question_id": 387, "question": "Were the tracer labeled cells indicated by black arrowheads?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1896151_F2_11774.jpg", "report": "Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells."} {"question_id": 388, "question": "Are there two distinct cell patterns in IDP of the left breast?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841131_F1_59509.jpg", "report": "Histological appearance of IDP of the left breast in low power field, ×40 (A). Two-cell pattern lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification, ×200 (B)."} {"question_id": 389, "question": "Is the outer layer of cells in IDP of the left breast composed of luminal cuboidal cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2841131_F1_59509.jpg", "report": "Histological appearance of IDP of the left breast in low power field, ×40 (A). Two-cell pattern lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification, ×200 (B)."} {"question_id": 390, "question": "Does the histological image of IDP of the left breast show a layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841131_F1_59509.jpg", "report": "Histological appearance of IDP of the left breast in low power field, ×40 (A). Two-cell pattern lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification, ×200 (B)."} {"question_id": 391, "question": "Is the magnification used to observe the low power field of IDP of the left breast ×200?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2841131_F1_59509.jpg", "report": "Histological appearance of IDP of the left breast in low power field, ×40 (A). Two-cell pattern lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells under higher magnification, ×200 (B)."} {"question_id": 392, "question": "Are Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines shown to form clusters in the DIC microscopy images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360416_fig1_21214.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of cells using anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227). (A, B) DIC microscopy images show clusters of Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines and (C) DIC images show U-87 MG (negative control) cells without clustering. (D, E, F) Fluorescence microscopy images show relative extent of FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227) associated with cells. (G, H, I) Superimposed images confirm areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster (× 20 magnification)."} {"question_id": 393, "question": "Does the U-87 MG cell line exhibit clustering in the DIC microscopy images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360416_fig1_21214.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of cells using anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227). (A, B) DIC microscopy images show clusters of Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines and (C) DIC images show U-87 MG (negative control) cells without clustering. (D, E, F) Fluorescence microscopy images show relative extent of FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227) associated with cells. (G, H, I) Superimposed images confirm areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster (× 20 magnification)."} {"question_id": 394, "question": "Is the FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody associated with the U-87 MG cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360416_fig1_21214.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of cells using anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227). (A, B) DIC microscopy images show clusters of Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines and (C) DIC images show U-87 MG (negative control) cells without clustering. (D, E, F) Fluorescence microscopy images show relative extent of FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227) associated with cells. (G, H, I) Superimposed images confirm areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster (× 20 magnification)."} {"question_id": 395, "question": "Do the superimposed images confirm the areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360416_fig1_21214.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence staining of cells using anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227). (A, B) DIC microscopy images show clusters of Capan-1 and HPAF-II cell lines and (C) DIC images show U-87 MG (negative control) cells without clustering. (D, E, F) Fluorescence microscopy images show relative extent of FITC-conjugated anti-MUC1 antibody (CD227) associated with cells. (G, H, I) Superimposed images confirm areas of antibody location with respect to each cellular cluster (× 20 magnification)."} {"question_id": 396, "question": "Are basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border visible in the affected individual?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2862246_f3_63260.jpg", "report": "In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the affected individual. A: Superficial epithelial cells and B: basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border and the presence of reflective material are seen. C: Stroma/endothelium is not apparent."} {"question_id": 397, "question": "Is the stroma/endothelium clearly visible in the confocal microscopic findings?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862246_f3_63260.jpg", "report": "In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the affected individual. A: Superficial epithelial cells and B: basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border and the presence of reflective material are seen. C: Stroma/endothelium is not apparent."} {"question_id": 398, "question": "Do the confocal microscopic findings show reflective material in the basal epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2862246_f3_63260.jpg", "report": "In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the affected individual. A: Superficial epithelial cells and B: basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border and the presence of reflective material are seen. C: Stroma/endothelium is not apparent."} {"question_id": 399, "question": "Are superficial epithelial cells absent in the confocal microscopic findings?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862246_f3_63260.jpg", "report": "In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the affected individual. A: Superficial epithelial cells and B: basal epithelial cells with a well-demarcated cell border and the presence of reflective material are seen. C: Stroma/endothelium is not apparent."} {"question_id": 400, "question": "Is the biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS analyzed using a Safranin assay?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823723_F2_57134.jpg", "report": "Biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS and M18::covS mutant strains. The GAS strains were grown on a polystyrene well surface or plastic coverslips, coated with human collagen type I, for 72 h in static culture. A. Safranin assay. B. Scanning electron microscopy. Different magnifications are presented as follows: 200×, 2000×, 5000× (from lower to upper panel, respectively). The P-value of differences as determined by two-tailed paired Student's t test is shown above the columns in panel A."} {"question_id": 401, "question": "Were the GAS strains grown on a glass surface for the biofilm production analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2823723_F2_57134.jpg", "report": "Biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS and M18::covS mutant strains. The GAS strains were grown on a polystyrene well surface or plastic coverslips, coated with human collagen type I, for 72 h in static culture. A. Safranin assay. B. Scanning electron microscopy. Different magnifications are presented as follows: 200×, 2000×, 5000× (from lower to upper panel, respectively). The P-value of differences as determined by two-tailed paired Student's t test is shown above the columns in panel A."} {"question_id": 402, "question": "Is human collagen type I used as a coating for the surfaces in the biofilm production study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823723_F2_57134.jpg", "report": "Biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS and M18::covS mutant strains. The GAS strains were grown on a polystyrene well surface or plastic coverslips, coated with human collagen type I, for 72 h in static culture. A. Safranin assay. B. Scanning electron microscopy. Different magnifications are presented as follows: 200×, 2000×, 5000× (from lower to upper panel, respectively). The P-value of differences as determined by two-tailed paired Student's t test is shown above the columns in panel A."} {"question_id": 403, "question": "Were the biofilms observed under magnifications lower than 200×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2823723_F2_57134.jpg", "report": "Biofilm production of serotype M18 GAS and M18::covS mutant strains. The GAS strains were grown on a polystyrene well surface or plastic coverslips, coated with human collagen type I, for 72 h in static culture. A. Safranin assay. B. Scanning electron microscopy. Different magnifications are presented as follows: 200×, 2000×, 5000× (from lower to upper panel, respectively). The P-value of differences as determined by two-tailed paired Student's t test is shown above the columns in panel A."} {"question_id": 404, "question": "Is the architecture of the lymph node effaced in the provided histology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2825517_F2_57576.jpg", "report": "Inguinal lymph node biopsy: histology characteristic of MCD: (A) Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of lymph node (original magnification × 2.5) showing effaced architecture with few residual follicles. (B) infiltration with large blastic cells (PB, original magnification × 60). (C) Immunostaining reveals blastic cells express HHV-8 (positive cells are brown, original magnification × 60)."} {"question_id": 405, "question": "Are there many residual follicles present in the lymph node biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2825517_F2_57576.jpg", "report": "Inguinal lymph node biopsy: histology characteristic of MCD: (A) Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of lymph node (original magnification × 2.5) showing effaced architecture with few residual follicles. (B) infiltration with large blastic cells (PB, original magnification × 60). (C) Immunostaining reveals blastic cells express HHV-8 (positive cells are brown, original magnification × 60)."} {"question_id": 406, "question": "Do the large blastic cells in the lymph node biopsy express HHV-8 as shown by immunostaining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2825517_F2_57576.jpg", "report": "Inguinal lymph node biopsy: histology characteristic of MCD: (A) Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of lymph node (original magnification × 2.5) showing effaced architecture with few residual follicles. (B) infiltration with large blastic cells (PB, original magnification × 60). (C) Immunostaining reveals blastic cells express HHV-8 (positive cells are brown, original magnification × 60)."} {"question_id": 407, "question": "Is the original magnification of the Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of the lymph node × 2.5?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2825517_F2_57576.jpg", "report": "Inguinal lymph node biopsy: histology characteristic of MCD: (A) Haematoxylin & Eosin stained section of lymph node (original magnification × 2.5) showing effaced architecture with few residual follicles. (B) infiltration with large blastic cells (PB, original magnification × 60). (C) Immunostaining reveals blastic cells express HHV-8 (positive cells are brown, original magnification × 60)."} {"question_id": 408, "question": "Are toll-like receptors localized in the corneal epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2768757_f2_49211.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification."} {"question_id": 409, "question": "Were the tissues visualized using Alex Fluor 555 conjugated secondary antibodies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2768757_f2_49211.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification."} {"question_id": 410, "question": "Were the nuclei stained by DAPI in the mounting solution?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2768757_f2_49211.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification."} {"question_id": 411, "question": "Were the original pictures of the tissues taken at 400X magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2768757_f2_49211.jpg", "report": "Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification."} {"question_id": 412, "question": "Is a score of 0 for IFNAR2 intensity indicative of no or faint staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361594_fig3_21503.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of IFNAR2 expression in HCC tissues. The intensity of IFNAR2 was scored in a scale from 0 to 2; 0 representing no or faint staining (A); 1=moderate staining (B); and 2=strong staining (C). The latter level of staining was used as an inner control (arrow) within the sample, which was designated arbitrarily as intensity 1, because the epithelial cells of the bile ducts generally expressed moderate levels of IFNAR2."} {"question_id": 413, "question": "Are bile duct epithelial cells generally associated with strong staining of IFNAR2?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361594_fig3_21503.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of IFNAR2 expression in HCC tissues. The intensity of IFNAR2 was scored in a scale from 0 to 2; 0 representing no or faint staining (A); 1=moderate staining (B); and 2=strong staining (C). The latter level of staining was used as an inner control (arrow) within the sample, which was designated arbitrarily as intensity 1, because the epithelial cells of the bile ducts generally expressed moderate levels of IFNAR2."} {"question_id": 414, "question": "Can the intensity of IFNAR2 staining in HCC tissues reach a score of 2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361594_fig3_21503.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of IFNAR2 expression in HCC tissues. The intensity of IFNAR2 was scored in a scale from 0 to 2; 0 representing no or faint staining (A); 1=moderate staining (B); and 2=strong staining (C). The latter level of staining was used as an inner control (arrow) within the sample, which was designated arbitrarily as intensity 1, because the epithelial cells of the bile ducts generally expressed moderate levels of IFNAR2."} {"question_id": 415, "question": "Is the staining intensity of IFNAR2 in HCC tissues solely categorized as either 0 or 2?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361594_fig3_21503.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical analysis of IFNAR2 expression in HCC tissues. The intensity of IFNAR2 was scored in a scale from 0 to 2; 0 representing no or faint staining (A); 1=moderate staining (B); and 2=strong staining (C). The latter level of staining was used as an inner control (arrow) within the sample, which was designated arbitrarily as intensity 1, because the epithelial cells of the bile ducts generally expressed moderate levels of IFNAR2."} {"question_id": 416, "question": "Does the primary biopsy from patient #10 exhibit Protein kinase C alpha staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741052_fig1_45769.jpg", "report": "Protein kinase C alpha immunohistochemical staining of representative patient tumours. (A, B) Matched primary and recurrent biopsies from patient #10. (C) Primary biopsy from patient #4 exhibiting no disease recurrence. Magnification × 40."} {"question_id": 417, "question": "Is there any Protein kinase C alpha staining in the recurrent biopsy from patient #10?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741052_fig1_45769.jpg", "report": "Protein kinase C alpha immunohistochemical staining of representative patient tumours. (A, B) Matched primary and recurrent biopsies from patient #10. (C) Primary biopsy from patient #4 exhibiting no disease recurrence. Magnification × 40."} {"question_id": 418, "question": "Does the primary biopsy from patient #4 show Protein kinase C alpha staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741052_fig1_45769.jpg", "report": "Protein kinase C alpha immunohistochemical staining of representative patient tumours. (A, B) Matched primary and recurrent biopsies from patient #10. (C) Primary biopsy from patient #4 exhibiting no disease recurrence. Magnification × 40."} {"question_id": 419, "question": "Does patient #4 exhibit disease recurrence in the primary biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2741052_fig1_45769.jpg", "report": "Protein kinase C alpha immunohistochemical staining of representative patient tumours. (A, B) Matched primary and recurrent biopsies from patient #10. (C) Primary biopsy from patient #4 exhibiting no disease recurrence. Magnification × 40."} {"question_id": 420, "question": "Is the immunogold labeling of SjCytb561 visible over the apical membrane complex in the electron micrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2982821_pntd-0000884-g006_78552.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. japonicum male adult worm tegument showing immunogold labelling of SjCytb561 and KLH.Panels A and B were labelled with anti-SjCytb561 sera and show gold probes (examples indicated by arrows) over the apical membrane complex (AMC) of the tegument. Panel C was labelled using anti-KLH sera and does not show labelling in the AMC."} {"question_id": 421, "question": "Does the immunogold labeling with anti-KLH sera show labeling in the apical membrane complex?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2982821_pntd-0000884-g006_78552.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. japonicum male adult worm tegument showing immunogold labelling of SjCytb561 and KLH.Panels A and B were labelled with anti-SjCytb561 sera and show gold probes (examples indicated by arrows) over the apical membrane complex (AMC) of the tegument. Panel C was labelled using anti-KLH sera and does not show labelling in the AMC."} {"question_id": 422, "question": "Are the gold probes, indicated by arrows, present in Panels A and B?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2982821_pntd-0000884-g006_78552.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. japonicum male adult worm tegument showing immunogold labelling of SjCytb561 and KLH.Panels A and B were labelled with anti-SjCytb561 sera and show gold probes (examples indicated by arrows) over the apical membrane complex (AMC) of the tegument. Panel C was labelled using anti-KLH sera and does not show labelling in the AMC."} {"question_id": 423, "question": "Is there any immunogold labeling observed in Panel C?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2982821_pntd-0000884-g006_78552.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of S. japonicum male adult worm tegument showing immunogold labelling of SjCytb561 and KLH.Panels A and B were labelled with anti-SjCytb561 sera and show gold probes (examples indicated by arrows) over the apical membrane complex (AMC) of the tegument. Panel C was labelled using anti-KLH sera and does not show labelling in the AMC."} {"question_id": 424, "question": "Is the pre-operative maxillary cast used to assess the current condition of the patient's teeth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936088_F0002_73021.jpg", "report": "(a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13"} {"question_id": 425, "question": "Does the mock-up preparation help in determining the amount of tooth reduction needed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936088_F0002_73021.jpg", "report": "(a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13"} {"question_id": 426, "question": "Was the preparation completed on tooth numbers 12 and 14?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2936088_F0002_73021.jpg", "report": "(a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13"} {"question_id": 427, "question": "Is creating space for new teeth a step in the mock-up preparation process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936088_F0002_73021.jpg", "report": "(a) Pre-operative maxillary cast, (b) Mock-up preparation done on duplicated cast to assess tooth reduction and create space for new tooth, (c) Preparation completed on tooth nos 11 and 13"} {"question_id": 428, "question": "Is immunohistochemical staining for neurone-specific enolase (NSE) used to identify large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1570460_F2_7259.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for neurone-specific enolase (NSE) of a large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology (A) and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (B). (Magnification: 100×, Stain: NSE)."} {"question_id": 430, "question": "Is the magnification used for the immunohistochemical staining images less than 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1570460_F2_7259.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for neurone-specific enolase (NSE) of a large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology (A) and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (B). (Magnification: 100×, Stain: NSE)."} {"question_id": 431, "question": "Can NSE staining be used exclusively to differentiate between large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1570460_F2_7259.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for neurone-specific enolase (NSE) of a large-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology (A) and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (B). (Magnification: 100×, Stain: NSE)."} {"question_id": 432, "question": "Is GFP expression observed in the Schwann cells of the transgenic fish?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714311_F2_41954.jpg", "report": "GFP expression of the transgenic fish in adult Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining of adult PNS was performed with a monoclonal antibody to GFP. Adult trunks of wild type (A-C) and transgenic GFP fish (D-F) were sliced horizontally (10 μm). The pictures show bright-field (A, D), fluorescence (B, E), and merged images (C, F). Myelin structures were observed between muscles (white arrow head). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 433, "question": "Were the trunks of wild type and transgenic GFP fish sliced vertically for analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714311_F2_41954.jpg", "report": "GFP expression of the transgenic fish in adult Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining of adult PNS was performed with a monoclonal antibody to GFP. Adult trunks of wild type (A-C) and transgenic GFP fish (D-F) were sliced horizontally (10 μm). The pictures show bright-field (A, D), fluorescence (B, E), and merged images (C, F). Myelin structures were observed between muscles (white arrow head). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 434, "question": "Do the bright-field and fluorescence images show myelin structures between muscles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714311_F2_41954.jpg", "report": "GFP expression of the transgenic fish in adult Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining of adult PNS was performed with a monoclonal antibody to GFP. Adult trunks of wild type (A-C) and transgenic GFP fish (D-F) were sliced horizontally (10 μm). The pictures show bright-field (A, D), fluorescence (B, E), and merged images (C, F). Myelin structures were observed between muscles (white arrow head). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 435, "question": "Is the thickness of the tissue slices used for immunofluorescence staining greater than 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714311_F2_41954.jpg", "report": "GFP expression of the transgenic fish in adult Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining of adult PNS was performed with a monoclonal antibody to GFP. Adult trunks of wild type (A-C) and transgenic GFP fish (D-F) were sliced horizontally (10 μm). The pictures show bright-field (A, D), fluorescence (B, E), and merged images (C, F). Myelin structures were observed between muscles (white arrow head). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 436, "question": "Is the open neural tube observed in EpCAM-deficient embryos?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2796178_pone-0008543-g003_53120.jpg", "report": "Developmental delay in EpCAM-deficient embryos.(A) Embryonic development in wild type, haplosufficient and EpCAM-deficient littermate embryos (E9.5). Arrows indicate open neural tube. Sagittal sections show EpCAM (βgeo) expression in gut endoderm in EpCAM +/− and EpCAM −/− embryos (arrowheads). The embryos depicted were littermates and photos of whole mounts were taken at identical magnifications. (B) Genotypes of embryos depicted in (A)."} {"question_id": 443, "question": "Is the cellular localization of PvTRAMP assessed using a non-fluorescent method?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3020679_F3_84139.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of PvTRAMP as assessed by IFA using hyper-immune anti-PvTRAMP rabbit sera as primary antibody. (A-C) Detection of P. vivax in early schizont stages. (D-I) Parasites in late schizont stage (segmented). The figure shows fluorescence with DAPI and FITC staining, and the merging of both."} {"question_id": 444, "question": "Is 3R tau expression observed in neuronal cell bodies in adult brain biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2978712_pone-0013947-g004_78370.jpg", "report": "Tau expression in adult brain biopsy:\n(A) (a–d): immunocytochemistry for 3R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) and (B) (e–h) for 4R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) in primary culture of biopsy derived human adult neurons. Both isoforms co-localize with β-IIItubulin and are similarly expressed in neuronal cell bodies and axons."} {"question_id": 445, "question": "Does 4R tau expression fail to co-localize with β-IIItubulin in primary culture of biopsy-derived human adult neurons?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2978712_pone-0013947-g004_78370.jpg", "report": "Tau expression in adult brain biopsy:\n(A) (a–d): immunocytochemistry for 3R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) and (B) (e–h) for 4R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) in primary culture of biopsy derived human adult neurons. Both isoforms co-localize with β-IIItubulin and are similarly expressed in neuronal cell bodies and axons."} {"question_id": 446, "question": "Are both 3R tau and 4R tau similarly expressed in axons in adult brain biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2978712_pone-0013947-g004_78370.jpg", "report": "Tau expression in adult brain biopsy:\n(A) (a–d): immunocytochemistry for 3R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) and (B) (e–h) for 4R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) in primary culture of biopsy derived human adult neurons. Both isoforms co-localize with β-IIItubulin and are similarly expressed in neuronal cell bodies and axons."} {"question_id": 447, "question": "Are DAPI stains used to specifically highlight tau proteins in these biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2978712_pone-0013947-g004_78370.jpg", "report": "Tau expression in adult brain biopsy:\n(A) (a–d): immunocytochemistry for 3R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) and (B) (e–h) for 4R tau (green), β-IIItubulin (red) and DAPI (blue) in primary culture of biopsy derived human adult neurons. Both isoforms co-localize with β-IIItubulin and are similarly expressed in neuronal cell bodies and axons."} {"question_id": 450, "question": "Is the contrast enhanced in the retina and heart in the images provided?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2593002_f11_30869.jpg", "report": "Visualization of mutations associated with nok m520 gene mutation. Side by side comparison of 72 hours post fertilization embryo eye (A) and heart (B) structures, with nok m520 mutant embryo genotypes on the left, and embryos of the same age without the nok m520 gene mutation. Contrast was enhanced in the retina and heart."} {"question_id": 451, "question": "Are the embryos without the nok m520 gene mutation shown only in the heart structures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2593002_f11_30869.jpg", "report": "Visualization of mutations associated with nok m520 gene mutation. Side by side comparison of 72 hours post fertilization embryo eye (A) and heart (B) structures, with nok m520 mutant embryo genotypes on the left, and embryos of the same age without the nok m520 gene mutation. Contrast was enhanced in the retina and heart."} {"question_id": 452, "question": "Does the morphology of LSECs change over time in culture?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2408922_F1_23548.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination of LSEC cultures over time by light microscopy. Freshly isolated LSECs cultures were established on 24 well plates and incubated either at hyperoxia (a-c) or at normoxia (d-f). The general morphology of the cultures was monitored by light microscopy at day 1 (a, d), day 3 (b, d) and day 5 (c, f) after isolation. Decline of LSECs cultures may be observed in dishes maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels (a-c) after several days of culture."} {"question_id": 453, "question": "Are the LSECs cultures maintained at hyperoxia stable over several days?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2408922_F1_23548.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination of LSEC cultures over time by light microscopy. Freshly isolated LSECs cultures were established on 24 well plates and incubated either at hyperoxia (a-c) or at normoxia (d-f). The general morphology of the cultures was monitored by light microscopy at day 1 (a, d), day 3 (b, d) and day 5 (c, f) after isolation. Decline of LSECs cultures may be observed in dishes maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels (a-c) after several days of culture."} {"question_id": 454, "question": "Is the decline of LSECs cultures monitored using light microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2408922_F1_23548.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination of LSEC cultures over time by light microscopy. Freshly isolated LSECs cultures were established on 24 well plates and incubated either at hyperoxia (a-c) or at normoxia (d-f). The general morphology of the cultures was monitored by light microscopy at day 1 (a, d), day 3 (b, d) and day 5 (c, f) after isolation. Decline of LSECs cultures may be observed in dishes maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels (a-c) after several days of culture."} {"question_id": 455, "question": "Were LSECs cultures established on 96 well plates?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2408922_F1_23548.jpg", "report": "Morphological examination of LSEC cultures over time by light microscopy. Freshly isolated LSECs cultures were established on 24 well plates and incubated either at hyperoxia (a-c) or at normoxia (d-f). The general morphology of the cultures was monitored by light microscopy at day 1 (a, d), day 3 (b, d) and day 5 (c, f) after isolation. Decline of LSECs cultures may be observed in dishes maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels (a-c) after several days of culture."} {"question_id": 456, "question": "Can mevastatin block prenylation of Rab proteins in HeLa cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908739_d32e579_69615.jpg", "report": "Still images from movies of time-course of Rab membrane targeting following mevastatin prenylation block. HeLa cells expressing EGFP-Rab5a (A) or EGFP-Rab1a (B) in the presence of mevastatin were washed with mevastatin-free medium and images collected at the indicated times (in minutes) following removal of the inhibitor. Images shown in A and B correspond to movies 1 and 2, respectively. Bars = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 457, "question": "Are the images collected immediately after mevastatin removal?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908739_d32e579_69615.jpg", "report": "Still images from movies of time-course of Rab membrane targeting following mevastatin prenylation block. HeLa cells expressing EGFP-Rab5a (A) or EGFP-Rab1a (B) in the presence of mevastatin were washed with mevastatin-free medium and images collected at the indicated times (in minutes) following removal of the inhibitor. Images shown in A and B correspond to movies 1 and 2, respectively. Bars = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 458, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images 5 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908739_d32e579_69615.jpg", "report": "Still images from movies of time-course of Rab membrane targeting following mevastatin prenylation block. HeLa cells expressing EGFP-Rab5a (A) or EGFP-Rab1a (B) in the presence of mevastatin were washed with mevastatin-free medium and images collected at the indicated times (in minutes) following removal of the inhibitor. Images shown in A and B correspond to movies 1 and 2, respectively. Bars = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 459, "question": "Do the images correspond to movies of EGFP-Rab5a and EGFP-Rab1a?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908739_d32e579_69615.jpg", "report": "Still images from movies of time-course of Rab membrane targeting following mevastatin prenylation block. HeLa cells expressing EGFP-Rab5a (A) or EGFP-Rab1a (B) in the presence of mevastatin were washed with mevastatin-free medium and images collected at the indicated times (in minutes) following removal of the inhibitor. Images shown in A and B correspond to movies 1 and 2, respectively. Bars = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 460, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 show positivity in invasive cancers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 461, "question": "Is p16 staining used to identify non-invasive cancers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 462, "question": "Can UBE2C expression be evaluated using immunohistochemistry?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 463, "question": "Is a magnification of × 200 sufficient to observe cellular details in these stains?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 464, "question": "Is immunohistochemical staining for MMP3, p16, and UBE2C typically performed at a magnification lower than × 200?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3050856_F3_89348.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for MMP3 (3A), p16 (3B) and UBE2C (3C) in invasive cancers (Magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 465, "question": "Does the scanning electron micrograph show Y. pestis in both actively growing and nonculturable states?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3059211_pone-0017585-g005_90329.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of actively growing (Panel A) and nonculturable (Panel B) Y. pestis.The coccoid shape of the cells in the tap water microcosm is apparent (Panel B arrows). Magnification in panel A is 5,000X and 10,000X in panel B, bar equal to 1.0 micron."} {"question_id": 466, "question": "Are the cells in the actively growing state shown at a magnification of 10,000X?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3059211_pone-0017585-g005_90329.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of actively growing (Panel A) and nonculturable (Panel B) Y. pestis.The coccoid shape of the cells in the tap water microcosm is apparent (Panel B arrows). Magnification in panel A is 5,000X and 10,000X in panel B, bar equal to 1.0 micron."} {"question_id": 467, "question": "Is the coccoid shape of Y. pestis cells apparent in the tap water microcosm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3059211_pone-0017585-g005_90329.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of actively growing (Panel A) and nonculturable (Panel B) Y. pestis.The coccoid shape of the cells in the tap water microcosm is apparent (Panel B arrows). Magnification in panel A is 5,000X and 10,000X in panel B, bar equal to 1.0 micron."} {"question_id": 468, "question": "Is the magnification in the nonculturable state image less than 5,000X?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3059211_pone-0017585-g005_90329.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph of actively growing (Panel A) and nonculturable (Panel B) Y. pestis.The coccoid shape of the cells in the tap water microcosm is apparent (Panel B arrows). Magnification in panel A is 5,000X and 10,000X in panel B, bar equal to 1.0 micron."} {"question_id": 469, "question": "Are Oct-4 positive cells stained green in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042919_F2_87837.jpg", "report": "Oct-4 expression in bovine blastocysts. Oct-4 immunostaining of blastocysts cultured with 100 ng/ml of either BMP4 or Noggin, Controls were cultured without supplementation. Confocal microscopy, augmentation: 20X and zoom: 2. a) Oct-4 positive cells (green); b) Total nuclei (red); c) Oct-4 positive cells and total nuclei (merged)."} {"question_id": 470, "question": "Were the control blastocysts cultured with BMP4 or Noggin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042919_F2_87837.jpg", "report": "Oct-4 expression in bovine blastocysts. Oct-4 immunostaining of blastocysts cultured with 100 ng/ml of either BMP4 or Noggin, Controls were cultured without supplementation. Confocal microscopy, augmentation: 20X and zoom: 2. a) Oct-4 positive cells (green); b) Total nuclei (red); c) Oct-4 positive cells and total nuclei (merged)."} {"question_id": 471, "question": "Is the total nuclei stained red in the provided pathology images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042919_F2_87837.jpg", "report": "Oct-4 expression in bovine blastocysts. Oct-4 immunostaining of blastocysts cultured with 100 ng/ml of either BMP4 or Noggin, Controls were cultured without supplementation. Confocal microscopy, augmentation: 20X and zoom: 2. a) Oct-4 positive cells (green); b) Total nuclei (red); c) Oct-4 positive cells and total nuclei (merged)."} {"question_id": 472, "question": "Was the imaging performed using a 40X magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042919_F2_87837.jpg", "report": "Oct-4 expression in bovine blastocysts. Oct-4 immunostaining of blastocysts cultured with 100 ng/ml of either BMP4 or Noggin, Controls were cultured without supplementation. Confocal microscopy, augmentation: 20X and zoom: 2. a) Oct-4 positive cells (green); b) Total nuclei (red); c) Oct-4 positive cells and total nuclei (merged)."} {"question_id": 473, "question": "Were spermatozoa incubated with an anti-VDAC2 antibody in this experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3036732_pone-0016985-g002_86717.jpg", "report": "FITC-PSA staining of human spermatozoa in different treatment groups.A–C: spermatozoa were separated and stained immediately. D–F: spermatozoa were incubated with anti-VDAC2 antibody. G–I: spermatozoa were incubated with normal mouse IgG. J–L: spermatozoa were incubated without any antibody. A, D, G and J: phase-contrast images; B, E, H and K: immunofluorescent images; C, F, I and L: merged images. Magnification was ×1000."} {"question_id": 474, "question": "Were images taken at a magnification of ×500?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3036732_pone-0016985-g002_86717.jpg", "report": "FITC-PSA staining of human spermatozoa in different treatment groups.A–C: spermatozoa were separated and stained immediately. D–F: spermatozoa were incubated with anti-VDAC2 antibody. G–I: spermatozoa were incubated with normal mouse IgG. J–L: spermatozoa were incubated without any antibody. A, D, G and J: phase-contrast images; B, E, H and K: immunofluorescent images; C, F, I and L: merged images. Magnification was ×1000."} {"question_id": 475, "question": "Were immunofluorescent images part of the analysis in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3036732_pone-0016985-g002_86717.jpg", "report": "FITC-PSA staining of human spermatozoa in different treatment groups.A–C: spermatozoa were separated and stained immediately. D–F: spermatozoa were incubated with anti-VDAC2 antibody. G–I: spermatozoa were incubated with normal mouse IgG. J–L: spermatozoa were incubated without any antibody. A, D, G and J: phase-contrast images; B, E, H and K: immunofluorescent images; C, F, I and L: merged images. Magnification was ×1000."} {"question_id": 476, "question": "Were spermatozoa incubated with a rabbit IgG antibody?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3036732_pone-0016985-g002_86717.jpg", "report": "FITC-PSA staining of human spermatozoa in different treatment groups.A–C: spermatozoa were separated and stained immediately. D–F: spermatozoa were incubated with anti-VDAC2 antibody. G–I: spermatozoa were incubated with normal mouse IgG. J–L: spermatozoa were incubated without any antibody. A, D, G and J: phase-contrast images; B, E, H and K: immunofluorescent images; C, F, I and L: merged images. Magnification was ×1000."} {"question_id": 477, "question": "Is microangiopathic glomerulonephritis associated with damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989755_fig1_79361.jpg", "report": "Renal biopsy showing Microangiopathic glomerulonephritis."} {"question_id": 478, "question": "Are large immune complexes typically seen in microangiopathic glomerulonephritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989755_fig1_79361.jpg", "report": "Renal biopsy showing Microangiopathic glomerulonephritis."} {"question_id": 479, "question": "Does microangiopathic glomerulonephritis often lead to hematuria (blood in urine)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989755_fig1_79361.jpg", "report": "Renal biopsy showing Microangiopathic glomerulonephritis."} {"question_id": 480, "question": "Is microangiopathic glomerulonephritis usually caused by a bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989755_fig1_79361.jpg", "report": "Renal biopsy showing Microangiopathic glomerulonephritis."} {"question_id": 481, "question": "Are the neurons in the provided chest pathology image shown in green?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2854751_f1-ehp-118-a173a_61962.jpg", "report": "This fluorescence micrograph of differentiated neural progenitor cells shows neurons in green, glial cells in red, and cell nuclei in deep blue (the turquoise results from the overlay of the blue and green channels)."} {"question_id": 482, "question": "Do the glial cells appear in blue in the fluorescence micrograph?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2854751_f1-ehp-118-a173a_61962.jpg", "report": "This fluorescence micrograph of differentiated neural progenitor cells shows neurons in green, glial cells in red, and cell nuclei in deep blue (the turquoise results from the overlay of the blue and green channels)."} {"question_id": 483, "question": "Is turquoise color in the image a result of overlaying blue and green channels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2854751_f1-ehp-118-a173a_61962.jpg", "report": "This fluorescence micrograph of differentiated neural progenitor cells shows neurons in green, glial cells in red, and cell nuclei in deep blue (the turquoise results from the overlay of the blue and green channels)."} {"question_id": 484, "question": "Are the cell nuclei shown in red in the provided image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2854751_f1-ehp-118-a173a_61962.jpg", "report": "This fluorescence micrograph of differentiated neural progenitor cells shows neurons in green, glial cells in red, and cell nuclei in deep blue (the turquoise results from the overlay of the blue and green channels)."} {"question_id": 485, "question": "Does the AtLIG1 deficiency affect the phenotype of the plants as compared to the wild-type?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2708163_F2_41403.jpg", "report": "Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm"} {"question_id": 486, "question": "Are the atlig1-RNAi plants indistinguishable from the wild-type plants 6 weeks after germination?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2708163_F2_41403.jpg", "report": "Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm"} {"question_id": 487, "question": "Is the adaxial leaf surface of atlig1-RNAi lines different from that of WT plants?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2708163_F2_41403.jpg", "report": "Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm"} {"question_id": 488, "question": "Is the bar scale used in the images less than 1 cm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2708163_F2_41403.jpg", "report": "Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm"} {"question_id": 489, "question": "Does the periodic acid Schiff stain highlight fungal organisms in the lung biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2821396_F1_56624.jpg", "report": "Lung biopsy (fine needle biopsy), periodic acid Schiff stain ×400 magnification."} {"question_id": 490, "question": "Can the periodic acid Schiff stain be used to identify polysaccharides in tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2821396_F1_56624.jpg", "report": "Lung biopsy (fine needle biopsy), periodic acid Schiff stain ×400 magnification."} {"question_id": 491, "question": "Is a fine needle biopsy typically used to obtain large tissue samples from the lung?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2821396_F1_56624.jpg", "report": "Lung biopsy (fine needle biopsy), periodic acid Schiff stain ×400 magnification."} {"question_id": 492, "question": "Does the ×400 magnification provide a low-power view of the lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2821396_F1_56624.jpg", "report": "Lung biopsy (fine needle biopsy), periodic acid Schiff stain ×400 magnification."} {"question_id": 493, "question": "Is the biopsy taken from a distal radial fracture site?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823231_F0001_57052.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from distal radial fracture 19 days after injury. An old, partly necrotic trabecula and woven bone forming without cartilage precursor within the marrow space."} {"question_id": 494, "question": "Does the biopsy show evidence of woven bone formation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823231_F0001_57052.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from distal radial fracture 19 days after injury. An old, partly necrotic trabecula and woven bone forming without cartilage precursor within the marrow space."} {"question_id": 495, "question": "Is there any indication of cartilage precursor within the marrow space in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2823231_F0001_57052.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from distal radial fracture 19 days after injury. An old, partly necrotic trabecula and woven bone forming without cartilage precursor within the marrow space."} {"question_id": 496, "question": "Was the injury sustained more than two weeks ago?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823231_F0001_57052.jpg", "report": "Biopsy from distal radial fracture 19 days after injury. An old, partly necrotic trabecula and woven bone forming without cartilage precursor within the marrow space."} {"question_id": 497, "question": "Is the sample labeled \"F\" from a normal female?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1310526_F10_4093.jpg", "report": "Immunoblotting of human granulocyte extracts with various HP1 antibodies. Samples: F, normal female; M, normal male; H, HeLa. Panels: a, monoclonal anti-HP1 α (Upstate); b, monoclonal anti-HP1 β (Chemicon); c, rabbit anti-HP1 β (Upstate); d, monoclonal anti-HP1 γ (Chemicon). Note the trace reaction of anti-HP1 γ with the granulocyte extract (panel d)."} {"question_id": 498, "question": "Does the monoclonal anti-HP1 γ antibody show a strong reaction with the granulocyte extract?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1310526_F10_4093.jpg", "report": "Immunoblotting of human granulocyte extracts with various HP1 antibodies. Samples: F, normal female; M, normal male; H, HeLa. Panels: a, monoclonal anti-HP1 α (Upstate); b, monoclonal anti-HP1 β (Chemicon); c, rabbit anti-HP1 β (Upstate); d, monoclonal anti-HP1 γ (Chemicon). Note the trace reaction of anti-HP1 γ with the granulocyte extract (panel d)."} {"question_id": 499, "question": "Was a rabbit polyclonal antibody used in the immunoblotting?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1310526_F10_4093.jpg", "report": "Immunoblotting of human granulocyte extracts with various HP1 antibodies. Samples: F, normal female; M, normal male; H, HeLa. Panels: a, monoclonal anti-HP1 α (Upstate); b, monoclonal anti-HP1 β (Chemicon); c, rabbit anti-HP1 β (Upstate); d, monoclonal anti-HP1 γ (Chemicon). Note the trace reaction of anti-HP1 γ with the granulocyte extract (panel d)."} {"question_id": 500, "question": "Are both normal male and female samples analyzed in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1310526_F10_4093.jpg", "report": "Immunoblotting of human granulocyte extracts with various HP1 antibodies. Samples: F, normal female; M, normal male; H, HeLa. Panels: a, monoclonal anti-HP1 α (Upstate); b, monoclonal anti-HP1 β (Chemicon); c, rabbit anti-HP1 β (Upstate); d, monoclonal anti-HP1 γ (Chemicon). Note the trace reaction of anti-HP1 γ with the granulocyte extract (panel d)."} {"question_id": 502, "question": "Do most cells in DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3046445_F1_88626.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical statinings of ER, PR, HER2, HER4, and cystatin M in DCIS and IBC lesions. The positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) immunostainings for cystatin M, ER, PR, HER2, and HER4 are shown in DCISs and IBCs. Most cells in the upper row of DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR, strong membrane reactivity for HER2, and strong cytoplasmic staining for HER4 and cystatin M. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 503, "question": "Are the immunostainings for HER2 primarily observed in the cytoplasm in DCIS and IBC lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3046445_F1_88626.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical statinings of ER, PR, HER2, HER4, and cystatin M in DCIS and IBC lesions. The positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) immunostainings for cystatin M, ER, PR, HER2, and HER4 are shown in DCISs and IBCs. Most cells in the upper row of DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR, strong membrane reactivity for HER2, and strong cytoplasmic staining for HER4 and cystatin M. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 504, "question": "Is cystatin M staining observed in the cytoplasm of cells in DCIS and IBC lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3046445_F1_88626.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical statinings of ER, PR, HER2, HER4, and cystatin M in DCIS and IBC lesions. The positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) immunostainings for cystatin M, ER, PR, HER2, and HER4 are shown in DCISs and IBCs. Most cells in the upper row of DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR, strong membrane reactivity for HER2, and strong cytoplasmic staining for HER4 and cystatin M. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 505, "question": "Are the immunostainings for ER and PR negative in the lower row of DCIS and IBC lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3046445_F1_88626.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical statinings of ER, PR, HER2, HER4, and cystatin M in DCIS and IBC lesions. The positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) immunostainings for cystatin M, ER, PR, HER2, and HER4 are shown in DCISs and IBCs. Most cells in the upper row of DCIS and IBC lesions show strong nuclear reactivity for ER and PR, strong membrane reactivity for HER2, and strong cytoplasmic staining for HER4 and cystatin M. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 506, "question": "Is amyloid deposition in this case identified using a Congo red stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822170_F0005_56764.jpg", "report": "Amyloid appears as pink material deposited between adipocytes (Congo red stain, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 507, "question": "Does the amyloid appear blue under the Congo red stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2822170_F0005_56764.jpg", "report": "Amyloid appears as pink material deposited between adipocytes (Congo red stain, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 508, "question": "Are the amyloid deposits located between adipocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822170_F0005_56764.jpg", "report": "Amyloid appears as pink material deposited between adipocytes (Congo red stain, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 509, "question": "Was the amyloid observed under a magnification higher than × 400?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2822170_F0005_56764.jpg", "report": "Amyloid appears as pink material deposited between adipocytes (Congo red stain, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 510, "question": "Are HIV-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 spot forming cells detectable in HIV-infected individuals with continuously detectable HIV replication?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2894832_F3_67910.jpg", "report": "Detection of HIV-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 spot forming cells in HIV-infected individuals with continuously detectable HIV replication. Four PBMC samples taken from a representative HIV-infected individual with continuously detectable HIV replication on dates shown on top of the figure together with concurrent log10 copies HIV RNA/ml plasma were tested as described in figure 1."} {"question_id": 511, "question": "Were PBMC samples taken from more than one HIV-infected individual in the provided report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2894832_F3_67910.jpg", "report": "Detection of HIV-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 spot forming cells in HIV-infected individuals with continuously detectable HIV replication. Four PBMC samples taken from a representative HIV-infected individual with continuously detectable HIV replication on dates shown on top of the figure together with concurrent log10 copies HIV RNA/ml plasma were tested as described in figure 1."} {"question_id": 513, "question": "Were the PBMC samples tested only once for the representative HIV-infected individual?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2894832_F3_67910.jpg", "report": "Detection of HIV-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 spot forming cells in HIV-infected individuals with continuously detectable HIV replication. Four PBMC samples taken from a representative HIV-infected individual with continuously detectable HIV replication on dates shown on top of the figure together with concurrent log10 copies HIV RNA/ml plasma were tested as described in figure 1."} {"question_id": 514, "question": "Are the isomin filaments observed in the in vitro reassembly loosely packed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065449_F4_91203.jpg", "report": "Isomin in vitro reassembly. (a) Negative staining of in vitro-reassembled isomin filament. Bar = 200 nm. The inset shows at a greater magnification two loosely packed filaments, revealing thinner protofilaments (arrowheads); bar = 100 nm. (b) Electrophoretic analysis on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel of the sedimented (P) and supernatant (S) fraction after centrifugation of in-vitro reassembled isomin filaments. Migration of molecular weight reference proteins is indicated on the right."} {"question_id": 515, "question": "Are the protofilaments in the isomin reassembly thicker than the filaments?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065449_F4_91203.jpg", "report": "Isomin in vitro reassembly. (a) Negative staining of in vitro-reassembled isomin filament. Bar = 200 nm. The inset shows at a greater magnification two loosely packed filaments, revealing thinner protofilaments (arrowheads); bar = 100 nm. (b) Electrophoretic analysis on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel of the sedimented (P) and supernatant (S) fraction after centrifugation of in-vitro reassembled isomin filaments. Migration of molecular weight reference proteins is indicated on the right."} {"question_id": 516, "question": "Is electrophoretic analysis performed on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel in the provided report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065449_F4_91203.jpg", "report": "Isomin in vitro reassembly. (a) Negative staining of in vitro-reassembled isomin filament. Bar = 200 nm. The inset shows at a greater magnification two loosely packed filaments, revealing thinner protofilaments (arrowheads); bar = 100 nm. (b) Electrophoretic analysis on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel of the sedimented (P) and supernatant (S) fraction after centrifugation of in-vitro reassembled isomin filaments. Migration of molecular weight reference proteins is indicated on the right."} {"question_id": 518, "question": "Is CD31 immunoreactivity observed in normal liver sinusoids?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1891001_fig01_11527.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Note in (A) focal reactivity of a few sinusoids in normal liver; in (B) a moderate increase in cirrhotic liver and in (C) strong immunoreactivity in a poorly differentiated HCC."} {"question_id": 519, "question": "Does cirrhotic liver show no increase in CD31 immunoreactivity compared to normal liver?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1891001_fig01_11527.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Note in (A) focal reactivity of a few sinusoids in normal liver; in (B) a moderate increase in cirrhotic liver and in (C) strong immunoreactivity in a poorly differentiated HCC."} {"question_id": 520, "question": "Is strong CD31 immunoreactivity a characteristic of poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1891001_fig01_11527.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Note in (A) focal reactivity of a few sinusoids in normal liver; in (B) a moderate increase in cirrhotic liver and in (C) strong immunoreactivity in a poorly differentiated HCC."} {"question_id": 521, "question": "Are normal liver sinusoids completely negative for CD31 immunoreactivity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1891001_fig01_11527.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Note in (A) focal reactivity of a few sinusoids in normal liver; in (B) a moderate increase in cirrhotic liver and in (C) strong immunoreactivity in a poorly differentiated HCC."} {"question_id": 522, "question": "Were the HL-60 cells exposed to khat visualized at × 1000 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409956_fig2_23850.jpg", "report": "Morphological effects of khat in HL60 cells. HL-60 cells in early logarithmic growth phase were exposed to an organic extract of khat (200 μg ml−1) for 8 h (panels B and D) or left nonsupplemented (control treated with DMSO solvent) (panels A and C). The cellular morphology was visualised by electron microscopy at × 1000 magnification (panels A–B) and at × 6000 magnification (panels C, D)."} {"question_id": 523, "question": "Were the HL-60 cells left nonsupplemented visualized at × 6000 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409956_fig2_23850.jpg", "report": "Morphological effects of khat in HL60 cells. HL-60 cells in early logarithmic growth phase were exposed to an organic extract of khat (200 μg ml−1) for 8 h (panels B and D) or left nonsupplemented (control treated with DMSO solvent) (panels A and C). The cellular morphology was visualised by electron microscopy at × 1000 magnification (panels A–B) and at × 6000 magnification (panels C, D)."} {"question_id": 524, "question": "Was the organic extract of khat used at a concentration of 100 μg ml−1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409956_fig2_23850.jpg", "report": "Morphological effects of khat in HL60 cells. HL-60 cells in early logarithmic growth phase were exposed to an organic extract of khat (200 μg ml−1) for 8 h (panels B and D) or left nonsupplemented (control treated with DMSO solvent) (panels A and C). The cellular morphology was visualised by electron microscopy at × 1000 magnification (panels A–B) and at × 6000 magnification (panels C, D)."} {"question_id": 525, "question": "Did the study include a control group treated with a DMSO solvent?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409956_fig2_23850.jpg", "report": "Morphological effects of khat in HL60 cells. HL-60 cells in early logarithmic growth phase were exposed to an organic extract of khat (200 μg ml−1) for 8 h (panels B and D) or left nonsupplemented (control treated with DMSO solvent) (panels A and C). The cellular morphology was visualised by electron microscopy at × 1000 magnification (panels A–B) and at × 6000 magnification (panels C, D)."} {"question_id": 526, "question": "Does RABV infection of APCs induce type I IFN production?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908622_ppat-1001016-g001_69595.jpg", "report": "RABV infection of APCs, but not fibroblasts, induces type I IFN production.BSR, NA, Raw264.7, or JAWSII cells were infected with RABV (A) or UV-deactivated RABV (B) and the supernatant from the infected cells was UV-deactivated. Reporter cells were pre-treated with the UV-deactivated supernatant (diluted 1∶10) for 24h and then infected with VSV-GFP for 5h. Fluorescence indicates viral replication, and thus, lack of type I IFN. Photos are representative of two independent experiments."} {"question_id": 527, "question": "Does RABV infection of fibroblasts induce type I IFN production?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908622_ppat-1001016-g001_69595.jpg", "report": "RABV infection of APCs, but not fibroblasts, induces type I IFN production.BSR, NA, Raw264.7, or JAWSII cells were infected with RABV (A) or UV-deactivated RABV (B) and the supernatant from the infected cells was UV-deactivated. Reporter cells were pre-treated with the UV-deactivated supernatant (diluted 1∶10) for 24h and then infected with VSV-GFP for 5h. Fluorescence indicates viral replication, and thus, lack of type I IFN. Photos are representative of two independent experiments."} {"question_id": 528, "question": "Is fluorescence used to indicate viral replication in the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908622_ppat-1001016-g001_69595.jpg", "report": "RABV infection of APCs, but not fibroblasts, induces type I IFN production.BSR, NA, Raw264.7, or JAWSII cells were infected with RABV (A) or UV-deactivated RABV (B) and the supernatant from the infected cells was UV-deactivated. Reporter cells were pre-treated with the UV-deactivated supernatant (diluted 1∶10) for 24h and then infected with VSV-GFP for 5h. Fluorescence indicates viral replication, and thus, lack of type I IFN. Photos are representative of two independent experiments."} {"question_id": 529, "question": "Does UV-deactivation of RABV prevent type I IFN production in APCs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908622_ppat-1001016-g001_69595.jpg", "report": "RABV infection of APCs, but not fibroblasts, induces type I IFN production.BSR, NA, Raw264.7, or JAWSII cells were infected with RABV (A) or UV-deactivated RABV (B) and the supernatant from the infected cells was UV-deactivated. Reporter cells were pre-treated with the UV-deactivated supernatant (diluted 1∶10) for 24h and then infected with VSV-GFP for 5h. Fluorescence indicates viral replication, and thus, lack of type I IFN. Photos are representative of two independent experiments."} {"question_id": 530, "question": "Are diffuse sheets of cells observed in the primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas at ×100 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913979_F1_70442.jpg", "report": "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas showing diffuse sheets of cells at (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×100 magnification, (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×400 magnification. (C) Fibrillary nodules (hematoxylin and eosin staining, at ×40 magnification). And (D) perivascular rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100 magnification) are also shown."} {"question_id": 531, "question": "Are fibrillary nodules identified at ×100 magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2913979_F1_70442.jpg", "report": "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas showing diffuse sheets of cells at (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×100 magnification, (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×400 magnification. (C) Fibrillary nodules (hematoxylin and eosin staining, at ×40 magnification). And (D) perivascular rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100 magnification) are also shown."} {"question_id": 532, "question": "Are perivascular rosettes present in the primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913979_F1_70442.jpg", "report": "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas showing diffuse sheets of cells at (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×100 magnification, (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×400 magnification. (C) Fibrillary nodules (hematoxylin and eosin staining, at ×40 magnification). And (D) perivascular rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100 magnification) are also shown."} {"question_id": 533, "question": "Is hematoxylin and eosin staining used to identify the cells and structures in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913979_F1_70442.jpg", "report": "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor areas showing diffuse sheets of cells at (A) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×100 magnification, (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining at ×400 magnification. (C) Fibrillary nodules (hematoxylin and eosin staining, at ×40 magnification). And (D) perivascular rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100 magnification) are also shown."} {"question_id": 534, "question": "Are endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) observed in the rat mesenteric artery images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1388236_F1_4720.jpg", "report": "Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane."} {"question_id": 535, "question": "Is the magnification for images A and E × 5000?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1388236_F1_4720.jpg", "report": "Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane."} {"question_id": 536, "question": "Was DSP used as a treatment in both rat mesenteric artery and human MCA?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1388236_F1_4720.jpg", "report": "Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane."} {"question_id": 537, "question": "Are human MCA images magnified at × 3000 in the provided report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1388236_F1_4720.jpg", "report": "Endothelial microstructure. Rat mesenteric artery incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.4 ml/L, A, B and C) or DSP (0.4 ml/L, E, F and G) for 24 hrs. Human MCA incubated with vehicle (DMSO 0.8 ml/L, D) or DSP (0.8 ml/l, H) for 12 hrs. Magnification: × 3000 for A and E; × 5000 for B, F, D and H; × 10000 for C and G. EC = endothelial cells; SMC = smooth muscle cells; EM = elastic membrane."} {"question_id": 538, "question": "Are the histological changes observed in hemorrhagic cystitis consistent with inflammation of the bladder lining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2839984_F2_59333.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of bladder biopsy specimens revealed histological changes associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (× 10)."} {"question_id": 539, "question": "Do microscopic findings of hemorrhagic cystitis typically include the presence of cancerous cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2839984_F2_59333.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of bladder biopsy specimens revealed histological changes associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (× 10)."} {"question_id": 540, "question": "Can hemorrhagic cystitis be identified by the presence of blood in the urine?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2839984_F2_59333.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of bladder biopsy specimens revealed histological changes associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (× 10)."} {"question_id": 541, "question": "Is hemorrhagic cystitis characterized by the absence of any inflammatory cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2839984_F2_59333.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of bladder biopsy specimens revealed histological changes associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (× 10)."} {"question_id": 542, "question": "Does the 3D representation of the HIV-1 homodimer (1HSG) protease include any green invariant residues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2898770_F3_68234.jpg", "report": "3D view of the locked targets. 3D representation of the HIV-1 homodimer (1HSG) protease. Same colour codes as Figures 1 and 2. a: SGI flap (4 orange SLs + 3 green invariants) b: SGI flap + SGI canti (2 red SLs + 1 green invariant) c: SGI fulc (2 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) d: SGI fulc + SGI canti (4 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) The 3D molecules were built by pymol software."} {"question_id": 543, "question": "Are there more than 5 orange SLs in the SGI flap representation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2898770_F3_68234.jpg", "report": "3D view of the locked targets. 3D representation of the HIV-1 homodimer (1HSG) protease. Same colour codes as Figures 1 and 2. a: SGI flap (4 orange SLs + 3 green invariants) b: SGI flap + SGI canti (2 red SLs + 1 green invariant) c: SGI fulc (2 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) d: SGI fulc + SGI canti (4 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) The 3D molecules were built by pymol software."} {"question_id": 544, "question": "Is pymol software used to build the 3D molecules in the representation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2898770_F3_68234.jpg", "report": "3D view of the locked targets. 3D representation of the HIV-1 homodimer (1HSG) protease. Same colour codes as Figures 1 and 2. a: SGI flap (4 orange SLs + 3 green invariants) b: SGI flap + SGI canti (2 red SLs + 1 green invariant) c: SGI fulc (2 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) d: SGI fulc + SGI canti (4 yellow SLs + 1 green invariant) The 3D molecules were built by pymol software."} {"question_id": 546, "question": "Are C1q molecules capable of interacting through most of their globular domains?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3066639_fig4_91383.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of E-LDL-bound C1q molecules. (a, b) Examples of C1q molecules interacting through most of their globular domains (a) or only a few (b). (c) Representative example of a free C1q molecule (modified from [15], with permission)."} {"question_id": 547, "question": "Can C1q molecules interact with only a few of their globular domains?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3066639_fig4_91383.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of E-LDL-bound C1q molecules. (a, b) Examples of C1q molecules interacting through most of their globular domains (a) or only a few (b). (c) Representative example of a free C1q molecule (modified from [15], with permission)."} {"question_id": 548, "question": "Is there an example of a free C1q molecule in the electron micrographs provided?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3066639_fig4_91383.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of E-LDL-bound C1q molecules. (a, b) Examples of C1q molecules interacting through most of their globular domains (a) or only a few (b). (c) Representative example of a free C1q molecule (modified from [15], with permission)."} {"question_id": 549, "question": "Are all C1q molecules in the electron micrographs shown as bound to E-LDL?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3066639_fig4_91383.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of E-LDL-bound C1q molecules. (a, b) Examples of C1q molecules interacting through most of their globular domains (a) or only a few (b). (c) Representative example of a free C1q molecule (modified from [15], with permission)."} {"question_id": 550, "question": "Are the bright areas near the sulcus indicative of light reflection and polarization?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2707626_pone-0006303-g007_41314.jpg", "report": "Cultured Symbiodinium motile cells viewed with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope without the DIC analyzer.(a) CS-156. (b) FKM0207. Bright areas near the sulcus (arrows) indicate that strong light reflection and polarization may occur in this area corresponding to the location of the clusters as revealed by transmission electron microscopy."} {"question_id": 551, "question": "Were the Symbiodinium motile cells viewed with a scanning electron microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2707626_pone-0006303-g007_41314.jpg", "report": "Cultured Symbiodinium motile cells viewed with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope without the DIC analyzer.(a) CS-156. (b) FKM0207. Bright areas near the sulcus (arrows) indicate that strong light reflection and polarization may occur in this area corresponding to the location of the clusters as revealed by transmission electron microscopy."} {"question_id": 553, "question": "Can the location of the clusters be identified through transmission electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2707626_pone-0006303-g007_41314.jpg", "report": "Cultured Symbiodinium motile cells viewed with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope without the DIC analyzer.(a) CS-156. (b) FKM0207. Bright areas near the sulcus (arrows) indicate that strong light reflection and polarization may occur in this area corresponding to the location of the clusters as revealed by transmission electron microscopy."} {"question_id": 554, "question": "Does the bone marrow trephine biopsy show hypocellular marrow spaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400."} {"question_id": 555, "question": "Are there reduced numbers of fat cells in the bone marrow trephine biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400."} {"question_id": 556, "question": "Is there an increased number of blasts in the bone marrow trephine biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400."} {"question_id": 557, "question": "Does the biopsy show an area of bone marrow necrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400."} {"question_id": 558, "question": "Are the hematopoietic cells increased in number in the bone marrow trephine biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2637293_F1_33969.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone marrow trephine biopsy (case 1) shows hypocellular marrow spaces with 70% of fat cells. There are reduced numbers of hematopoietic cells with increased numbers of blasts (a, b). One of the focuses shows an area of bone marrow necrosis punctuated by hyperchromatic blasts and histiocytes (c, d). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, a ×40; b ×400; c ×40; d ×400."} {"question_id": 559, "question": "Is the synapsed portion of zygotene magnified and presented in a boxed area in the figure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1877879_pgen-0030083-g004_11167.jpg", "report": "DAPI Staining of Atzip4-1 PMCs during Meiosis(A) Leptotene, (B) zygotene: The synapsed portion of (B) has been magnified and is presented in the boxed area of the figure. (C) Pachytene, (D) diakinesis, (E–H) metaphase I, (I) anaphase I, (J) metaphase II, (K) anaphase II, (L) end of meiosis.Bar, 10 μm."} {"question_id": 560, "question": "Does the DAPI staining report include observations of metaphase II?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1877879_pgen-0030083-g004_11167.jpg", "report": "DAPI Staining of Atzip4-1 PMCs during Meiosis(A) Leptotene, (B) zygotene: The synapsed portion of (B) has been magnified and is presented in the boxed area of the figure. (C) Pachytene, (D) diakinesis, (E–H) metaphase I, (I) anaphase I, (J) metaphase II, (K) anaphase II, (L) end of meiosis.Bar, 10 μm."} {"question_id": 562, "question": "Is there any mention of telophase stages in the DAPI staining report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1877879_pgen-0030083-g004_11167.jpg", "report": "DAPI Staining of Atzip4-1 PMCs during Meiosis(A) Leptotene, (B) zygotene: The synapsed portion of (B) has been magnified and is presented in the boxed area of the figure. (C) Pachytene, (D) diakinesis, (E–H) metaphase I, (I) anaphase I, (J) metaphase II, (K) anaphase II, (L) end of meiosis.Bar, 10 μm."} {"question_id": 563, "question": "Are the pumice granules blank before colonization?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC546200_F1_1169.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph survey of pumice granules and biofilm development. Before colonisation (A) pumice granules are blank. After 6 month of operation (B), rod shaped cells cover the pumice surface. In the 12 month biofilm, an abundant exopolymeric matrix is visible on pumice granules both at the bottom (C) and top (D) of the column."} {"question_id": 564, "question": "Do rod-shaped cells cover the pumice surface after 6 months of operation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC546200_F1_1169.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph survey of pumice granules and biofilm development. Before colonisation (A) pumice granules are blank. After 6 month of operation (B), rod shaped cells cover the pumice surface. In the 12 month biofilm, an abundant exopolymeric matrix is visible on pumice granules both at the bottom (C) and top (D) of the column."} {"question_id": 565, "question": "Is the exopolymeric matrix visible only on the top of the column after 12 months?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC546200_F1_1169.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph survey of pumice granules and biofilm development. Before colonisation (A) pumice granules are blank. After 6 month of operation (B), rod shaped cells cover the pumice surface. In the 12 month biofilm, an abundant exopolymeric matrix is visible on pumice granules both at the bottom (C) and top (D) of the column."} {"question_id": 566, "question": "Does the biofilm development take place within a 3-month period?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC546200_F1_1169.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrograph survey of pumice granules and biofilm development. Before colonisation (A) pumice granules are blank. After 6 month of operation (B), rod shaped cells cover the pumice surface. In the 12 month biofilm, an abundant exopolymeric matrix is visible on pumice granules both at the bottom (C) and top (D) of the column."} {"question_id": 567, "question": "Is Cxcr4b expression first detected in a cluster of placodal cells at 19 hpf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow)."} {"question_id": 568, "question": "Does Cxcr4b expression decrease in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium by 22 hpf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow)."} {"question_id": 569, "question": "Is the expression of Cxcr4b reduced in 20 hpf embryos compared to 19 hpf embryos?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow)."} {"question_id": 570, "question": "Does the primordium elongate into somite 1 by 22 hpf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow)."} {"question_id": 571, "question": "Is Cxcr4b expression enhanced in 19 hpf embryos compared to 20 hpf embryos?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1847803_F5_10290.jpg", "report": "Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow)."} {"question_id": 572, "question": "Does CORT treatment induce nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2442062_F4_24937.jpg", "report": "CORT-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells. mLTC-1 cells were transiently transfected with NFAT2-GFP expressing vector. 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with 100 nM CORT or 100 nM CORT plus 100 ng/ml CsA for 12 h. The cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed. Representative fields of cells were viewed by Confocal microscopy and photographed."} {"question_id": 573, "question": "Were the mLTC-1 cells treated with CORT alone for 36 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2442062_F4_24937.jpg", "report": "CORT-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells. mLTC-1 cells were transiently transfected with NFAT2-GFP expressing vector. 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with 100 nM CORT or 100 nM CORT plus 100 ng/ml CsA for 12 h. The cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed. Representative fields of cells were viewed by Confocal microscopy and photographed."} {"question_id": 574, "question": "Does the addition of CsA affect the nuclear translocation of NFAT2 induced by CORT in mLTC-1 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2442062_F4_24937.jpg", "report": "CORT-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells. mLTC-1 cells were transiently transfected with NFAT2-GFP expressing vector. 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with 100 nM CORT or 100 nM CORT plus 100 ng/ml CsA for 12 h. The cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed. Representative fields of cells were viewed by Confocal microscopy and photographed."} {"question_id": 575, "question": "Were the mLTC-1 cells fixed before being viewed by Confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2442062_F4_24937.jpg", "report": "CORT-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in mLTC-1 cells. mLTC-1 cells were transiently transfected with NFAT2-GFP expressing vector. 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with 100 nM CORT or 100 nM CORT plus 100 ng/ml CsA for 12 h. The cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed. Representative fields of cells were viewed by Confocal microscopy and photographed."} {"question_id": 576, "question": "Is TIA-1 detected using immunohistochemistry?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2806049_F4_54785.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of TIA-1 across tissue types and age groups. Representative\n TIA-1 signals in photomicrographs taken from the indicated tissue sections\n from human tissue arrays. Images are shown at ×200 magnification.\n \n "} {"question_id": 577, "question": "Are the images taken from animal tissue sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2806049_F4_54785.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of TIA-1 across tissue types and age groups. Representative\n TIA-1 signals in photomicrographs taken from the indicated tissue sections\n from human tissue arrays. Images are shown at ×200 magnification.\n \n "} {"question_id": 578, "question": "Are the photomicrographs shown at ×200 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2806049_F4_54785.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of TIA-1 across tissue types and age groups. Representative\n TIA-1 signals in photomicrographs taken from the indicated tissue sections\n from human tissue arrays. Images are shown at ×200 magnification.\n \n "} {"question_id": 579, "question": "Is TIA-1 detection limited to a single tissue type?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2806049_F4_54785.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of TIA-1 across tissue types and age groups. Representative\n TIA-1 signals in photomicrographs taken from the indicated tissue sections\n from human tissue arrays. Images are shown at ×200 magnification.\n \n "} {"question_id": 580, "question": "Are the lung sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61550.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X."} {"question_id": 581, "question": "Were the mice sacrificed for histopathological analysis before day 2 post-infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61550.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X."} {"question_id": 582, "question": "Are photomicrographs of individual airways included in the figure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61550.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X."} {"question_id": 583, "question": "Is the right side of each matched pair a 10X picture?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2851658_ppat-1000849-g002_61550.jpg", "report": "Histopathology of rMA15 virus infected mouse strains.Mice were sacrificed at days 2, 5 and 9 post-infection for histopathological analysis. Lung sections were stained with H&E and photomicrographs of individual airways are shown in the figure. The left side of each matched pair is a 10X picture and the right side is 40X."} {"question_id": 584, "question": "Is there prominent deposition of PrPSc in the granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD animals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2978702_pone-0013906-g002_78281.jpg", "report": "PET blots of cerebellum.PET blots show prominent deposition of PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD and BSE inoculated animals whereas the subclinical vCJD inoculated primate only shows faint PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers (scale bar in lower left image 1 mm)."} {"question_id": 585, "question": "Do subclinical vCJD inoculated primates show prominent PrPSc deposition in granular and molecular cell layers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2978702_pone-0013906-g002_78281.jpg", "report": "PET blots of cerebellum.PET blots show prominent deposition of PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD and BSE inoculated animals whereas the subclinical vCJD inoculated primate only shows faint PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers (scale bar in lower left image 1 mm)."} {"question_id": 586, "question": "Are the granular and molecular cell layers affected in BSE inoculated animals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2978702_pone-0013906-g002_78281.jpg", "report": "PET blots of cerebellum.PET blots show prominent deposition of PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD and BSE inoculated animals whereas the subclinical vCJD inoculated primate only shows faint PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers (scale bar in lower left image 1 mm)."} {"question_id": 587, "question": "Is the scale bar in the lower left image 1 cm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2978702_pone-0013906-g002_78281.jpg", "report": "PET blots of cerebellum.PET blots show prominent deposition of PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers in clinically diseased vCJD and BSE inoculated animals whereas the subclinical vCJD inoculated primate only shows faint PrPSc in granular and molecular cell layers (scale bar in lower left image 1 mm)."} {"question_id": 588, "question": "Does eGFP expression occur in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve injection of rAAV2/6?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2747840_F5_46604.jpg", "report": "Transduction of sensory fibers within the dorsal horn following rAAV2/6 delivery via different routes. (A) eGFP expression in dorsal horn following sciatic nerve, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intrathecal injection of 2.6 × 105 tu rAAV2/6. Scale bar: 100 μm. Confocal microscope images for CGRP (red, lamina I and II outer) and IB4 (blue, lamina II inner) against eGFP expression (green) in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve (B) and intrathecal (C) injection. Scale bar: 50 μm."} {"question_id": 589, "question": "Are the confocal microscope images for CGRP and IB4 taken at a scale of 200 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2747840_F5_46604.jpg", "report": "Transduction of sensory fibers within the dorsal horn following rAAV2/6 delivery via different routes. (A) eGFP expression in dorsal horn following sciatic nerve, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intrathecal injection of 2.6 × 105 tu rAAV2/6. Scale bar: 100 μm. Confocal microscope images for CGRP (red, lamina I and II outer) and IB4 (blue, lamina II inner) against eGFP expression (green) in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve (B) and intrathecal (C) injection. Scale bar: 50 μm."} {"question_id": 591, "question": "Are the lamina I and II outer regions marked by CGRP in red color?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2747840_F5_46604.jpg", "report": "Transduction of sensory fibers within the dorsal horn following rAAV2/6 delivery via different routes. (A) eGFP expression in dorsal horn following sciatic nerve, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intrathecal injection of 2.6 × 105 tu rAAV2/6. Scale bar: 100 μm. Confocal microscope images for CGRP (red, lamina I and II outer) and IB4 (blue, lamina II inner) against eGFP expression (green) in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve (B) and intrathecal (C) injection. Scale bar: 50 μm."} {"question_id": 592, "question": "Do tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions in HPAF-II cell monolayers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685374_F2_38877.jpg", "report": "Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm."} {"question_id": 593, "question": "Are occludin and ZO-1 examples of adherens junction (AJ) proteins?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2685374_F2_38877.jpg", "report": "Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm."} {"question_id": 594, "question": "Does TPA treatment result in the translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from cell-cell contact areas to the cytosol?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685374_F2_38877.jpg", "report": "Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm."} {"question_id": 595, "question": "Is the translocation of AJ and TJ proteins induced by tumor promoters reversible within 5 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2685374_F2_38877.jpg", "report": "Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm."} {"question_id": 596, "question": "Does the presence of Ab-HepIII in the infarct region indicate successful targeting by the peptide?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860995_pone-0010384-g002_63052.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for Ab-HepIII in the infarct region.Hearts from rats sacrificed on 1 day after injection. The rats were injected intravenously with either (a) PBS or (b) the Ab-HepIII 1 day post-MI. The presence of the Ab is indicated by the brown stain. For the sake of clarity, we have outlined the infarct region. At high magnification, we were also able to see fluorescence within the infarct region(c), as indicated by the arrow, of the FITC-labeled peptides (indicated in black)."} {"question_id": 597, "question": "Is the brown stain used to indicate the presence of PBS in the infarct region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2860995_pone-0010384-g002_63052.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for Ab-HepIII in the infarct region.Hearts from rats sacrificed on 1 day after injection. The rats were injected intravenously with either (a) PBS or (b) the Ab-HepIII 1 day post-MI. The presence of the Ab is indicated by the brown stain. For the sake of clarity, we have outlined the infarct region. At high magnification, we were also able to see fluorescence within the infarct region(c), as indicated by the arrow, of the FITC-labeled peptides (indicated in black)."} {"question_id": 598, "question": "Was fluorescence observed within the infarct region at high magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860995_pone-0010384-g002_63052.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for Ab-HepIII in the infarct region.Hearts from rats sacrificed on 1 day after injection. The rats were injected intravenously with either (a) PBS or (b) the Ab-HepIII 1 day post-MI. The presence of the Ab is indicated by the brown stain. For the sake of clarity, we have outlined the infarct region. At high magnification, we were also able to see fluorescence within the infarct region(c), as indicated by the arrow, of the FITC-labeled peptides (indicated in black)."} {"question_id": 599, "question": "Were the rats injected with the Ab-HepIII peptide 7 days post-MI?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2860995_pone-0010384-g002_63052.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for Ab-HepIII in the infarct region.Hearts from rats sacrificed on 1 day after injection. The rats were injected intravenously with either (a) PBS or (b) the Ab-HepIII 1 day post-MI. The presence of the Ab is indicated by the brown stain. For the sake of clarity, we have outlined the infarct region. At high magnification, we were also able to see fluorescence within the infarct region(c), as indicated by the arrow, of the FITC-labeled peptides (indicated in black)."} {"question_id": 600, "question": "Does the path plot of a mouse-session portray a circular bundle of paths?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2796396_pcbi-1000638-g005_53149.jpg", "report": "Path density and path curvature are two independent measures.A. The path plot of a mouse-session portrays a circular bundle of paths. B. The contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths does not pick up the high path density patches because path curvature is of a different scale. Curvature window size and colors are as in Figure 3."} {"question_id": 601, "question": "Does the contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths pick up the high path density patches?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2796396_pcbi-1000638-g005_53149.jpg", "report": "Path density and path curvature are two independent measures.A. The path plot of a mouse-session portrays a circular bundle of paths. B. The contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths does not pick up the high path density patches because path curvature is of a different scale. Curvature window size and colors are as in Figure 3."} {"question_id": 602, "question": "Are path density and path curvature considered independent measures in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2796396_pcbi-1000638-g005_53149.jpg", "report": "Path density and path curvature are two independent measures.A. The path plot of a mouse-session portrays a circular bundle of paths. B. The contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths does not pick up the high path density patches because path curvature is of a different scale. Curvature window size and colors are as in Figure 3."} {"question_id": 603, "question": "Is path curvature of the same scale as path density in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2796396_pcbi-1000638-g005_53149.jpg", "report": "Path density and path curvature are two independent measures.A. The path plot of a mouse-session portrays a circular bundle of paths. B. The contour plot of the same circular bundle of paths does not pick up the high path density patches because path curvature is of a different scale. Curvature window size and colors are as in Figure 3."} {"question_id": 604, "question": "Are ETARs expressed in the rat dorsal root ganglion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2206006_F1_16283.jpg", "report": "Expression of ETARs and ETBRs in rat dorsal root ganglion. Sections of lumbar rat dorsal root ganglion were analysed for the expression of ETARs (A) or ETBRs (B, C) using affinity-purified antibodies. For the identification of TRPV1-postive neurons co-staining with a TRPV1 antibody (A, B) was performed. Expression of ETBRs in glial cells was demonstrated by co-staining of the S100 antigen (C). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 605, "question": "Is TRPV1 antibody used to identify ETAR-positive neurons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2206006_F1_16283.jpg", "report": "Expression of ETARs and ETBRs in rat dorsal root ganglion. Sections of lumbar rat dorsal root ganglion were analysed for the expression of ETARs (A) or ETBRs (B, C) using affinity-purified antibodies. For the identification of TRPV1-postive neurons co-staining with a TRPV1 antibody (A, B) was performed. Expression of ETBRs in glial cells was demonstrated by co-staining of the S100 antigen (C). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 606, "question": "Are ETBRs not expressed in glial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2206006_F1_16283.jpg", "report": "Expression of ETARs and ETBRs in rat dorsal root ganglion. Sections of lumbar rat dorsal root ganglion were analysed for the expression of ETARs (A) or ETBRs (B, C) using affinity-purified antibodies. For the identification of TRPV1-postive neurons co-staining with a TRPV1 antibody (A, B) was performed. Expression of ETBRs in glial cells was demonstrated by co-staining of the S100 antigen (C). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 607, "question": "Are the sections of dorsal root ganglion analyzed with affinity-purified antibodies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2206006_F1_16283.jpg", "report": "Expression of ETARs and ETBRs in rat dorsal root ganglion. Sections of lumbar rat dorsal root ganglion were analysed for the expression of ETARs (A) or ETBRs (B, C) using affinity-purified antibodies. For the identification of TRPV1-postive neurons co-staining with a TRPV1 antibody (A, B) was performed. Expression of ETBRs in glial cells was demonstrated by co-staining of the S100 antigen (C). Bars: 20 μm."} {"question_id": 608, "question": "Are the skin lesions observed on the patient's right leg associated with Mycobacterium avium disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2660713_F1_36567.jpg", "report": "A 36-year-old HIV-infected woman with Mycobacterium avium disease. A) Photograph of skin lesions on right leg, taken before treatment. B) Histopathologic appearance of skin biopsy specimen from right leg lesion (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40)."} {"question_id": 610, "question": "Does the histopathologic appearance of the skin biopsy specimen use hematoxylin and eosin stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2660713_F1_36567.jpg", "report": "A 36-year-old HIV-infected woman with Mycobacterium avium disease. A) Photograph of skin lesions on right leg, taken before treatment. B) Histopathologic appearance of skin biopsy specimen from right leg lesion (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40)."} {"question_id": 611, "question": "Is the magnification of the histopathologic image less than ×40?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2660713_F1_36567.jpg", "report": "A 36-year-old HIV-infected woman with Mycobacterium avium disease. A) Photograph of skin lesions on right leg, taken before treatment. B) Histopathologic appearance of skin biopsy specimen from right leg lesion (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40)."} {"question_id": 612, "question": "Are WIF-B cells used to study aquaporins and solute transporters?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1208912_F3_3134.jpg", "report": "Confocal immunofluorescence for aquaporins and solute transporters in WIF-B cells. WIF-B cells were fixed, permeabilized, and labeled with anti-AQPs, AE2, Mrp2 or Bsep. Fluorescence localization was viewed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (see \"Materials and Methods\" for details). *, bile canaliculi structures."} {"question_id": 614, "question": "Were anti-AQPs, AE2, Mrp2, or Bsep used for labeling in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1208912_F3_3134.jpg", "report": "Confocal immunofluorescence for aquaporins and solute transporters in WIF-B cells. WIF-B cells were fixed, permeabilized, and labeled with anti-AQPs, AE2, Mrp2 or Bsep. Fluorescence localization was viewed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (see \"Materials and Methods\" for details). *, bile canaliculi structures."} {"question_id": 616, "question": "Is PTEN typically stained green in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777864_F7_50906.jpg", "report": "Co-localization between PTEN and BMI1 in primary prostate cancer tissues. Double IF staining for BMI1 (red) and PTEN (green) in normal prostatic gland (normal), PIN, PTEN-negative carcinoma, and PTEN-positive carcinoma. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured with a confocal microscope. Scale bar represents 20 μM."} {"question_id": 617, "question": "Are the nuclei counter-stained with a red dye?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777864_F7_50906.jpg", "report": "Co-localization between PTEN and BMI1 in primary prostate cancer tissues. Double IF staining for BMI1 (red) and PTEN (green) in normal prostatic gland (normal), PIN, PTEN-negative carcinoma, and PTEN-positive carcinoma. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured with a confocal microscope. Scale bar represents 20 μM."} {"question_id": 618, "question": "Is BMI1 visualized in red in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777864_F7_50906.jpg", "report": "Co-localization between PTEN and BMI1 in primary prostate cancer tissues. Double IF staining for BMI1 (red) and PTEN (green) in normal prostatic gland (normal), PIN, PTEN-negative carcinoma, and PTEN-positive carcinoma. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured with a confocal microscope. Scale bar represents 20 μM."} {"question_id": 619, "question": "Are the images captured with an electron microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777864_F7_50906.jpg", "report": "Co-localization between PTEN and BMI1 in primary prostate cancer tissues. Double IF staining for BMI1 (red) and PTEN (green) in normal prostatic gland (normal), PIN, PTEN-negative carcinoma, and PTEN-positive carcinoma. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Images were captured with a confocal microscope. Scale bar represents 20 μM."} {"question_id": 620, "question": "Is the swelling over the left shoulder indicative of Hemangiopericytoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1872031_F8_10971.jpg", "report": "1. Photograph of a patient showing swelling over left shoulder: later diagnosed as Hemangiopericytoma. 2. X-ray showing lesion involving the left clavicle. 3. Smear showing malignant round cells radiating from vessels. [MGG ×400]. 4. Histological section of the same case showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells [H&E × 200]."} {"question_id": 621, "question": "Does the X-ray show a lesion on the right clavicle?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1872031_F8_10971.jpg", "report": "1. Photograph of a patient showing swelling over left shoulder: later diagnosed as Hemangiopericytoma. 2. X-ray showing lesion involving the left clavicle. 3. Smear showing malignant round cells radiating from vessels. [MGG ×400]. 4. Histological section of the same case showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells [H&E × 200]."} {"question_id": 622, "question": "Are malignant round cells observed radiating from vessels in the smear?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1872031_F8_10971.jpg", "report": "1. Photograph of a patient showing swelling over left shoulder: later diagnosed as Hemangiopericytoma. 2. X-ray showing lesion involving the left clavicle. 3. Smear showing malignant round cells radiating from vessels. [MGG ×400]. 4. Histological section of the same case showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells [H&E × 200]."} {"question_id": 623, "question": "Is the histological section showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells stained with PAS?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1872031_F8_10971.jpg", "report": "1. Photograph of a patient showing swelling over left shoulder: later diagnosed as Hemangiopericytoma. 2. X-ray showing lesion involving the left clavicle. 3. Smear showing malignant round cells radiating from vessels. [MGG ×400]. 4. Histological section of the same case showing monomorphic round cells radiating from cells [H&E × 200]."} {"question_id": 624, "question": "Is the control group composed of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3062588_F1_90792.jpg", "report": "HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm)."} {"question_id": 625, "question": "Are the arrows indicating ectopic endometrium in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3062588_F1_90792.jpg", "report": "HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm)."} {"question_id": 626, "question": "Is adenomyosis confirmed at 90 ± 5 d ICR mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3062588_F1_90792.jpg", "report": "HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm)."} {"question_id": 627, "question": "Is the luminal epithelium marked with 'S' in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3062588_F1_90792.jpg", "report": "HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm)."} {"question_id": 628, "question": "Does ST treatment reduce focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2717979_F2_42475.jpg", "report": "ST rapidly reduces focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells. Cells were treated for 3 h with 10 ng/ml EGF, 40 nM ST or both, fixed and immunostained for the focal contact specific protein paxillin (b+w, green in enlarged images) and F-actin (red). Magnification: ×63, scale bar = 10 μM."} {"question_id": 629, "question": "Are the cells treated with only EGF in this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2717979_F2_42475.jpg", "report": "ST rapidly reduces focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells. Cells were treated for 3 h with 10 ng/ml EGF, 40 nM ST or both, fixed and immunostained for the focal contact specific protein paxillin (b+w, green in enlarged images) and F-actin (red). Magnification: ×63, scale bar = 10 μM."} {"question_id": 630, "question": "Is paxillin used as a marker for focal contacts in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2717979_F2_42475.jpg", "report": "ST rapidly reduces focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells. Cells were treated for 3 h with 10 ng/ml EGF, 40 nM ST or both, fixed and immunostained for the focal contact specific protein paxillin (b+w, green in enlarged images) and F-actin (red). Magnification: ×63, scale bar = 10 μM."} {"question_id": 631, "question": "Is the magnification used for imaging less than 60x?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2717979_F2_42475.jpg", "report": "ST rapidly reduces focal contact size in PMC42-LA cells. Cells were treated for 3 h with 10 ng/ml EGF, 40 nM ST or both, fixed and immunostained for the focal contact specific protein paxillin (b+w, green in enlarged images) and F-actin (red). Magnification: ×63, scale bar = 10 μM."} {"question_id": 632, "question": "Are the cells in the photomicrograph arranged in a single uniform layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2930302_F0003_72322.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing polyhedral cells arranged singly and in loose aggregates possessing a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing brown pigment (Papanicolaou stain, ×400)"} {"question_id": 633, "question": "Do the polyhedral cells in the photomicrograph contain brown pigment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2930302_F0003_72322.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing polyhedral cells arranged singly and in loose aggregates possessing a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing brown pigment (Papanicolaou stain, ×400)"} {"question_id": 634, "question": "Is the staining method used in the photomicrograph Papanicolaou stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2930302_F0003_72322.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing polyhedral cells arranged singly and in loose aggregates possessing a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing brown pigment (Papanicolaou stain, ×400)"} {"question_id": 635, "question": "Are the cells in the photomicrograph arranged in tight, densely packed clusters?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2930302_F0003_72322.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing polyhedral cells arranged singly and in loose aggregates possessing a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing brown pigment (Papanicolaou stain, ×400)"} {"question_id": 636, "question": "Is CAR expression detected in normal human colon tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1913502_F6_12133.jpg", "report": "CAR expression in human tissue. Expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) in biopsies of normal human colon (upper panel) and human colon cancer (lower panel). Red staining of CAR after reaction with a monoclonal anti-CAR antibody and an APAAP detection system."} {"question_id": 637, "question": "Does the CAR expression in human colon cancer tissue appear red after staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1913502_F6_12133.jpg", "report": "CAR expression in human tissue. Expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) in biopsies of normal human colon (upper panel) and human colon cancer (lower panel). Red staining of CAR after reaction with a monoclonal anti-CAR antibody and an APAAP detection system."} {"question_id": 638, "question": "Is CAR expression absent in biopsies of normal human colon?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1913502_F6_12133.jpg", "report": "CAR expression in human tissue. Expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) in biopsies of normal human colon (upper panel) and human colon cancer (lower panel). Red staining of CAR after reaction with a monoclonal anti-CAR antibody and an APAAP detection system."} {"question_id": 640, "question": "Do Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells exhibit endothelial properties?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15322.jpg", "report": "Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm."} {"question_id": 641, "question": "Are GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells observed to incorporate into vessels in the matrigel sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15322.jpg", "report": "Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm."} {"question_id": 642, "question": "Is VE-Cadherin used as a marker in the immunofluorescence staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15322.jpg", "report": "Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm."} {"question_id": 643, "question": "Are the GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells devoid of any incorporation into vessels in the matrigel sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15322.jpg", "report": "Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm."} {"question_id": 644, "question": "Are midbrain micromass cultures exposed to OTA for 5 days shown in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2662459_f3-ijms-10-00037_36765.jpg", "report": "Images of midbrain micromass cultures, exposed for 5 days to different concentrations of OTA. Neurospheres were stained with haematoxylin (16 × magnification). After exposure to 2.5 μg/mL neurospheres were smaller and more numerous, after two highest concentrations no differentiated cells were observed."} {"question_id": 645, "question": "Do neurospheres exposed to 2.5 μg/mL of OTA become larger?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2662459_f3-ijms-10-00037_36765.jpg", "report": "Images of midbrain micromass cultures, exposed for 5 days to different concentrations of OTA. Neurospheres were stained with haematoxylin (16 × magnification). After exposure to 2.5 μg/mL neurospheres were smaller and more numerous, after two highest concentrations no differentiated cells were observed."} {"question_id": 646, "question": "After exposure to the highest concentrations of OTA, are differentiated cells still observed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2662459_f3-ijms-10-00037_36765.jpg", "report": "Images of midbrain micromass cultures, exposed for 5 days to different concentrations of OTA. Neurospheres were stained with haematoxylin (16 × magnification). After exposure to 2.5 μg/mL neurospheres were smaller and more numerous, after two highest concentrations no differentiated cells were observed."} {"question_id": 647, "question": "Were neurospheres stained with haematoxylin in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2662459_f3-ijms-10-00037_36765.jpg", "report": "Images of midbrain micromass cultures, exposed for 5 days to different concentrations of OTA. Neurospheres were stained with haematoxylin (16 × magnification). After exposure to 2.5 μg/mL neurospheres were smaller and more numerous, after two highest concentrations no differentiated cells were observed."} {"question_id": 648, "question": "Were the M. smegmatis mc2155 cells infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35933.jpg", "report": "Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.\nM. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm."} {"question_id": 649, "question": "Was the fluorescence detected only in the live cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35933.jpg", "report": "Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.\nM. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm."} {"question_id": 650, "question": "Did the fixed cells show fluorescence after 2 weeks at 4°C?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35933.jpg", "report": "Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.\nM. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm."} {"question_id": 651, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images 20 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35933.jpg", "report": "Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.\nM. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm."} {"question_id": 652, "question": "Are the Robbea sp.1 symbionts attached to the worm surface visible under a confocal microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2761003_fig04_47875.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm."} {"question_id": 653, "question": "Is the symbiont-specific probe used in the photographs red in color?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2761003_fig04_47875.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm."} {"question_id": 654, "question": "Are the symbionts of Robbea sp.3 stained with a eubacteria-specific probe that appears blue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2761003_fig04_47875.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm."} {"question_id": 655, "question": "Is the scale bar in the photographs longer than 2 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2761003_fig04_47875.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm."} {"question_id": 656, "question": "Is the histological section stained with anti-Ki67?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361288_fig1_21398.jpg", "report": "Histological section stained with anit-Ki67, 1 : 6000. Pretreatment Tris-EDTA pH7.6 (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 657, "question": "Was pretreatment done with Citrate buffer at pH 6.0?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361288_fig1_21398.jpg", "report": "Histological section stained with anit-Ki67, 1 : 6000. Pretreatment Tris-EDTA pH7.6 (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 658, "question": "Is the magnification of the histological section × 200?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361288_fig1_21398.jpg", "report": "Histological section stained with anit-Ki67, 1 : 6000. Pretreatment Tris-EDTA pH7.6 (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 659, "question": "Was the pretreatment done with Tris-EDTA at pH 7.6?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361288_fig1_21398.jpg", "report": "Histological section stained with anit-Ki67, 1 : 6000. Pretreatment Tris-EDTA pH7.6 (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 660, "question": "Is UV illumination used to take the pictures in the dilution trial?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022558_F5_84476.jpg", "report": "Dilution trial of agroinoculant with FECT and p19 on N. benthamiana plants. Top row: FECT40/GFP vector. Bottom row: JL24/GFP vector. A.t. cell suspensions were diluted, as noted in the figure, from an initial OD600 of 1.0. Pictures were taken under UV illumination at 4 dpi with photos taken at same exposure."} {"question_id": 661, "question": "Were the A.t. cell suspensions diluted from an initial OD600 of 2.0?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022558_F5_84476.jpg", "report": "Dilution trial of agroinoculant with FECT and p19 on N. benthamiana plants. Top row: FECT40/GFP vector. Bottom row: JL24/GFP vector. A.t. cell suspensions were diluted, as noted in the figure, from an initial OD600 of 1.0. Pictures were taken under UV illumination at 4 dpi with photos taken at same exposure."} {"question_id": 662, "question": "Are the images taken at 4 days post-inoculation (dpi)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022558_F5_84476.jpg", "report": "Dilution trial of agroinoculant with FECT and p19 on N. benthamiana plants. Top row: FECT40/GFP vector. Bottom row: JL24/GFP vector. A.t. cell suspensions were diluted, as noted in the figure, from an initial OD600 of 1.0. Pictures were taken under UV illumination at 4 dpi with photos taken at same exposure."} {"question_id": 663, "question": "Are the N. benthamiana plants inoculated with a JL24/GFP vector shown in the top row?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022558_F5_84476.jpg", "report": "Dilution trial of agroinoculant with FECT and p19 on N. benthamiana plants. Top row: FECT40/GFP vector. Bottom row: JL24/GFP vector. A.t. cell suspensions were diluted, as noted in the figure, from an initial OD600 of 1.0. Pictures were taken under UV illumination at 4 dpi with photos taken at same exposure."} {"question_id": 664, "question": "Was the whitish ovoid mass found in the lesion larger than 3.0 cm in diameter?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2904739_F2_68832.jpg", "report": "Gross examination of lesion. On macroscopical examination, the lesion was composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes and a whitish ovoid mass, measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. No necrosis, haemorrhage and gross calcification were found in the mass and other tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 665, "question": "Were there any signs of necrosis in the examined mass?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2904739_F2_68832.jpg", "report": "Gross examination of lesion. On macroscopical examination, the lesion was composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes and a whitish ovoid mass, measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. No necrosis, haemorrhage and gross calcification were found in the mass and other tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 666, "question": "Did the gross examination reveal any haemorrhage in the tissue fragments?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2904739_F2_68832.jpg", "report": "Gross examination of lesion. On macroscopical examination, the lesion was composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes and a whitish ovoid mass, measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. No necrosis, haemorrhage and gross calcification were found in the mass and other tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 667, "question": "Was the lesion composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2904739_F2_68832.jpg", "report": "Gross examination of lesion. On macroscopical examination, the lesion was composed of grayish smaller tissue fragments of variable sizes and a whitish ovoid mass, measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. No necrosis, haemorrhage and gross calcification were found in the mass and other tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 668, "question": "Are Paget cells found in the epidermis in EMPD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2921398_F2_71273.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of EMPD. (A) H&E staining indicated Paget cells into the epidermis (original magnification × 100), and (B) The dermis contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 669, "question": "Does the dermis in EMPD contain well-differentiated adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2921398_F2_71273.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of EMPD. (A) H&E staining indicated Paget cells into the epidermis (original magnification × 100), and (B) The dermis contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 670, "question": "Is H&E staining used to identify Paget cells in EMPD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2921398_F2_71273.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of EMPD. (A) H&E staining indicated Paget cells into the epidermis (original magnification × 100), and (B) The dermis contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 671, "question": "Is the magnification used to observe the adenocarcinoma in the dermis × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2921398_F2_71273.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of EMPD. (A) H&E staining indicated Paget cells into the epidermis (original magnification × 100), and (B) The dermis contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 672, "question": "Is the tertiary structure of E. coli EF-Tu depicted in the PDB ID: 1EFC report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2758850_F6_47491.jpg", "report": "Tertiary structure of E. coli EF-Tu (PDB ID: 1EFC) [57], which has two identical polymer chains (A and B). The covarion residues are mapped on the A chain (the top polymer). The red arrow points to the purple strip of a loop region of 10 nearly consecutive covarion sites (sites 37, 38, 40 - 46, 48 in 1EFC), which corresponds to sites 31, 32, 34 - 40, 42 on the EF alignment listed in Figure 5. The loop region is connected to the two helices, one at either end."} {"question_id": 674, "question": "Are the nearly consecutive covarion sites located in a loop region?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2758850_F6_47491.jpg", "report": "Tertiary structure of E. coli EF-Tu (PDB ID: 1EFC) [57], which has two identical polymer chains (A and B). The covarion residues are mapped on the A chain (the top polymer). The red arrow points to the purple strip of a loop region of 10 nearly consecutive covarion sites (sites 37, 38, 40 - 46, 48 in 1EFC), which corresponds to sites 31, 32, 34 - 40, 42 on the EF alignment listed in Figure 5. The loop region is connected to the two helices, one at either end."} {"question_id": 675, "question": "Are the identified covarion sites in the loop region unrelated to helices?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2758850_F6_47491.jpg", "report": "Tertiary structure of E. coli EF-Tu (PDB ID: 1EFC) [57], which has two identical polymer chains (A and B). The covarion residues are mapped on the A chain (the top polymer). The red arrow points to the purple strip of a loop region of 10 nearly consecutive covarion sites (sites 37, 38, 40 - 46, 48 in 1EFC), which corresponds to sites 31, 32, 34 - 40, 42 on the EF alignment listed in Figure 5. The loop region is connected to the two helices, one at either end."} {"question_id": 676, "question": "Does the map produced in this procedure assist in identifying locations of interest in an electron micrograph?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1563456_F6_7056.jpg", "report": "Our procedure allows automated production of a map that identifies locations of interest in an electron micrograph, illustrated here for the C test function. Instead of simply counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image, the virologist is aided considerably in this task by the availability of such a map. The various structures are sorted left to right in order of descending matching values beginning at the left side of the top row."} {"question_id": 677, "question": "Are structures in the map sorted from right to left in descending matching values?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1563456_F6_7056.jpg", "report": "Our procedure allows automated production of a map that identifies locations of interest in an electron micrograph, illustrated here for the C test function. Instead of simply counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image, the virologist is aided considerably in this task by the availability of such a map. The various structures are sorted left to right in order of descending matching values beginning at the left side of the top row."} {"question_id": 678, "question": "Is the purpose of the map to aid virologists in counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1563456_F6_7056.jpg", "report": "Our procedure allows automated production of a map that identifies locations of interest in an electron micrograph, illustrated here for the C test function. Instead of simply counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image, the virologist is aided considerably in this task by the availability of such a map. The various structures are sorted left to right in order of descending matching values beginning at the left side of the top row."} {"question_id": 679, "question": "Does the map sort structures based on ascending matching values?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1563456_F6_7056.jpg", "report": "Our procedure allows automated production of a map that identifies locations of interest in an electron micrograph, illustrated here for the C test function. Instead of simply counting and comparing structures in an unprocessed image, the virologist is aided considerably in this task by the availability of such a map. The various structures are sorted left to right in order of descending matching values beginning at the left side of the top row."} {"question_id": 680, "question": "Was a FITC filter used for the confocal microscope imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2994737_f5_80024.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors on HCE cell membrane. Images shown were taken using the FITC filter of confocal microscope (Leica SP20). Cells were blocked for 90 min, washed, and then either mock treated with buffer alone (B, D, F) or treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1 (A), HVEM (C), and PILR-alpha (E). Images were taken after the incubation of HCE cells with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. Staining of cells with green demonstrate receptor expression."} {"question_id": 681, "question": "Were the HCE cells treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1, HVEM, and PILR-alpha?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2994737_f5_80024.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors on HCE cell membrane. Images shown were taken using the FITC filter of confocal microscope (Leica SP20). Cells were blocked for 90 min, washed, and then either mock treated with buffer alone (B, D, F) or treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1 (A), HVEM (C), and PILR-alpha (E). Images were taken after the incubation of HCE cells with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. Staining of cells with green demonstrate receptor expression."} {"question_id": 682, "question": "Did the mock-treated cells show receptor expression with green staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2994737_f5_80024.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors on HCE cell membrane. Images shown were taken using the FITC filter of confocal microscope (Leica SP20). Cells were blocked for 90 min, washed, and then either mock treated with buffer alone (B, D, F) or treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1 (A), HVEM (C), and PILR-alpha (E). Images were taken after the incubation of HCE cells with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. Staining of cells with green demonstrate receptor expression."} {"question_id": 683, "question": "Were the cells incubated with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies after blocking?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2994737_f5_80024.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors on HCE cell membrane. Images shown were taken using the FITC filter of confocal microscope (Leica SP20). Cells were blocked for 90 min, washed, and then either mock treated with buffer alone (B, D, F) or treated with primary antibodies for Nectin-1 (A), HVEM (C), and PILR-alpha (E). Images were taken after the incubation of HCE cells with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. Staining of cells with green demonstrate receptor expression."} {"question_id": 684, "question": "Does the seedling appear three weeks after sowing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2923536_F1_71531.jpg", "report": "B. rapa genotype R-o-18 plant development. A) Seedling three weeks after sowing, B) Fully expanded rosette leaf, C) mature and fully elongated fruit, D) main shoot of flowering R-o-18 plant seven weeks after sowing, E) open flower, F) scanning electron micrograph of the base of gynoecium at anthesis, G) cross section of fully elongated R-o-18 fruit."} {"question_id": 685, "question": "Is the fully expanded rosette leaf shown before the seedling stage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2923536_F1_71531.jpg", "report": "B. rapa genotype R-o-18 plant development. A) Seedling three weeks after sowing, B) Fully expanded rosette leaf, C) mature and fully elongated fruit, D) main shoot of flowering R-o-18 plant seven weeks after sowing, E) open flower, F) scanning electron micrograph of the base of gynoecium at anthesis, G) cross section of fully elongated R-o-18 fruit."} {"question_id": 686, "question": "Can the main shoot of the flowering R-o-18 plant be observed seven weeks after sowing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2923536_F1_71531.jpg", "report": "B. rapa genotype R-o-18 plant development. A) Seedling three weeks after sowing, B) Fully expanded rosette leaf, C) mature and fully elongated fruit, D) main shoot of flowering R-o-18 plant seven weeks after sowing, E) open flower, F) scanning electron micrograph of the base of gynoecium at anthesis, G) cross section of fully elongated R-o-18 fruit."} {"question_id": 687, "question": "Is a scanning electron micrograph used to visualize the cross section of the fruit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2923536_F1_71531.jpg", "report": "B. rapa genotype R-o-18 plant development. A) Seedling three weeks after sowing, B) Fully expanded rosette leaf, C) mature and fully elongated fruit, D) main shoot of flowering R-o-18 plant seven weeks after sowing, E) open flower, F) scanning electron micrograph of the base of gynoecium at anthesis, G) cross section of fully elongated R-o-18 fruit."} {"question_id": 688, "question": "Is laser ablation used to isolate the SAM from surrounding tissues in maize seedlings?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1904365_pgen-0030101-g002_11912.jpg", "report": "LM of the SAM from Paraffin Sections of Maize Seedlings(A) The apex before LM is shown.(B) Laser ablation is used to isolate the SAM from surrounding leaf primordia and stem tissue, without heating or damaging adjacent SAM tissues.(C) SAM tissue is microdissected via laser pressure catapulting, in which the laser is focused beneath the targeted SAM tissue and a high photonic force catapults the tissue into a collection tube suspended above the sample."} {"question_id": 689, "question": "Does laser ablation damage adjacent SAM tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1904365_pgen-0030101-g002_11912.jpg", "report": "LM of the SAM from Paraffin Sections of Maize Seedlings(A) The apex before LM is shown.(B) Laser ablation is used to isolate the SAM from surrounding leaf primordia and stem tissue, without heating or damaging adjacent SAM tissues.(C) SAM tissue is microdissected via laser pressure catapulting, in which the laser is focused beneath the targeted SAM tissue and a high photonic force catapults the tissue into a collection tube suspended above the sample."} {"question_id": 690, "question": "Is the SAM tissue microdissected via laser pressure catapulting?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1904365_pgen-0030101-g002_11912.jpg", "report": "LM of the SAM from Paraffin Sections of Maize Seedlings(A) The apex before LM is shown.(B) Laser ablation is used to isolate the SAM from surrounding leaf primordia and stem tissue, without heating or damaging adjacent SAM tissues.(C) SAM tissue is microdissected via laser pressure catapulting, in which the laser is focused beneath the targeted SAM tissue and a high photonic force catapults the tissue into a collection tube suspended above the sample."} {"question_id": 691, "question": "Is the laser focused above the targeted SAM tissue during microdissection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1904365_pgen-0030101-g002_11912.jpg", "report": "LM of the SAM from Paraffin Sections of Maize Seedlings(A) The apex before LM is shown.(B) Laser ablation is used to isolate the SAM from surrounding leaf primordia and stem tissue, without heating or damaging adjacent SAM tissues.(C) SAM tissue is microdissected via laser pressure catapulting, in which the laser is focused beneath the targeted SAM tissue and a high photonic force catapults the tissue into a collection tube suspended above the sample."} {"question_id": 692, "question": "Is P-gp expressed apically in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1200430_F2_3020.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ATP-binding cassette proteins in human lung. A. apical expression of P-gp in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; frozen section, antibody C219), B. basolateral expression of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; antibody MRPr1), C. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (healthy individual; antibody MRPr1). Lu, lumen. Scale bar = 25 μM."} {"question_id": 693, "question": "Is MRP1 expressed basolaterally in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1200430_F2_3020.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ATP-binding cassette proteins in human lung. A. apical expression of P-gp in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; frozen section, antibody C219), B. basolateral expression of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; antibody MRPr1), C. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (healthy individual; antibody MRPr1). Lu, lumen. Scale bar = 25 μM."} {"question_id": 694, "question": "Is MRP1 expression observed in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of COPD patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1200430_F2_3020.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ATP-binding cassette proteins in human lung. A. apical expression of P-gp in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; frozen section, antibody C219), B. basolateral expression of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; antibody MRPr1), C. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (healthy individual; antibody MRPr1). Lu, lumen. Scale bar = 25 μM."} {"question_id": 695, "question": "Is the immunohistochemical staining performed on paraffin-embedded sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1200430_F2_3020.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ATP-binding cassette proteins in human lung. A. apical expression of P-gp in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; frozen section, antibody C219), B. basolateral expression of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium (COPD patient; antibody MRPr1), C. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (healthy individual; antibody MRPr1). Lu, lumen. Scale bar = 25 μM."} {"question_id": 697, "question": "Is the cuticle structure of Pantholops hodgsonii found to be identical to that of Capra hircus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2929556_F0002_72276.jpg", "report": "Microscopic hair characteristics (cuticle, medulla and cross-section) of Pantholops hodgsonii (left side) and Capra hircus (right side)"} {"question_id": 699, "question": "Are the cross-sections of Pantholops hodgsonii and Capra hircus hair indistinguishable under a microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2929556_F0002_72276.jpg", "report": "Microscopic hair characteristics (cuticle, medulla and cross-section) of Pantholops hodgsonii (left side) and Capra hircus (right side)"} {"question_id": 700, "question": "Does a lack of color differentiation in the time resolved confocal scan indicate limited mobility of the spheres?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2235856_F8_17457.jpg", "report": "Hydrogel Reversibility. Time resolved confocal scan of 15 μm spheres suspended in situ with pH and enzyme triggered reversing. Color indicates time; red is the start time, green is at 5 minutes, blue is at 10 minutes. Lack of color differentiation indicates limited mobility."} {"question_id": 701, "question": "Are spheres with high mobility expected to show significant color changes over time in the confocal scan?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2235856_F8_17457.jpg", "report": "Hydrogel Reversibility. Time resolved confocal scan of 15 μm spheres suspended in situ with pH and enzyme triggered reversing. Color indicates time; red is the start time, green is at 5 minutes, blue is at 10 minutes. Lack of color differentiation indicates limited mobility."} {"question_id": 703, "question": "Are the spheres in the study 15 μm in size?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2235856_F8_17457.jpg", "report": "Hydrogel Reversibility. Time resolved confocal scan of 15 μm spheres suspended in situ with pH and enzyme triggered reversing. Color indicates time; red is the start time, green is at 5 minutes, blue is at 10 minutes. Lack of color differentiation indicates limited mobility."} {"question_id": 704, "question": "Is the initial color in the time resolved confocal scan blue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2235856_F8_17457.jpg", "report": "Hydrogel Reversibility. Time resolved confocal scan of 15 μm spheres suspended in situ with pH and enzyme triggered reversing. Color indicates time; red is the start time, green is at 5 minutes, blue is at 10 minutes. Lack of color differentiation indicates limited mobility."} {"question_id": 705, "question": "Does yessotoxin (YTX) treatment affect the morphology of MCF-7 cells in culture?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409630_fig3_23755.jpg", "report": "Effect of yessotoxin on morphology of MCF-7 cells in culture. Phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 200) of MCF-7 cells after treatment for 4 days with vehicle (A) or 1 nM YTX (B)."} {"question_id": 706, "question": "Are MCF-7 cells treated with vehicle expected to show significant morphological changes under phase contrast microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409630_fig3_23755.jpg", "report": "Effect of yessotoxin on morphology of MCF-7 cells in culture. Phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 200) of MCF-7 cells after treatment for 4 days with vehicle (A) or 1 nM YTX (B)."} {"question_id": 707, "question": "Is the magnification used in phase contrast microscopy of MCF-7 cells 200x?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409630_fig3_23755.jpg", "report": "Effect of yessotoxin on morphology of MCF-7 cells in culture. Phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 200) of MCF-7 cells after treatment for 4 days with vehicle (A) or 1 nM YTX (B)."} {"question_id": 709, "question": "Is ferritin staining normal in the lung tissue of patients without lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2265287_F5_18614.jpg", "report": "Blocks of archived lung from autopsies of patients dying without a lung disease showed normal staining for ferritin at the airways and among a few alveolar macrophages (left). Positive staining for ferritin was increased in lung tissue of patients diagnosed with PAP (right). Expression of the protein in the patients with PAP appears to include not only airway epithelium and macrophages but also material filling the alveolar spaces. Magnification approximates 200×."} {"question_id": 710, "question": "Does the lung tissue of patients with PAP show increased staining for ferritin compared to those without lung disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2265287_F5_18614.jpg", "report": "Blocks of archived lung from autopsies of patients dying without a lung disease showed normal staining for ferritin at the airways and among a few alveolar macrophages (left). Positive staining for ferritin was increased in lung tissue of patients diagnosed with PAP (right). Expression of the protein in the patients with PAP appears to include not only airway epithelium and macrophages but also material filling the alveolar spaces. Magnification approximates 200×."} {"question_id": 711, "question": "Is ferritin expression in PAP patients limited to the airway epithelium and macrophages?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2265287_F5_18614.jpg", "report": "Blocks of archived lung from autopsies of patients dying without a lung disease showed normal staining for ferritin at the airways and among a few alveolar macrophages (left). Positive staining for ferritin was increased in lung tissue of patients diagnosed with PAP (right). Expression of the protein in the patients with PAP appears to include not only airway epithelium and macrophages but also material filling the alveolar spaces. Magnification approximates 200×."} {"question_id": 712, "question": "Does the magnification of the provided lung tissue images approximate 200×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2265287_F5_18614.jpg", "report": "Blocks of archived lung from autopsies of patients dying without a lung disease showed normal staining for ferritin at the airways and among a few alveolar macrophages (left). Positive staining for ferritin was increased in lung tissue of patients diagnosed with PAP (right). Expression of the protein in the patients with PAP appears to include not only airway epithelium and macrophages but also material filling the alveolar spaces. Magnification approximates 200×."} {"question_id": 715, "question": "Was the APAAP staining technique used to mark S. aureus bacteria in the tonsillar specimen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2830486_pone-0009452-g004_58191.jpg", "report": "Microscopic aspect of RT-associated tonsillar specimen subjected to immunohistochemistry.\nS. aureus-bacteria were marked by the APAAP staining technique. A: base of a tonsillar crypt (x200) B: necrosis (x200) C: tonsillary epithelium (x1000). These photographs demonstrate that RT-associated S. aureus isolates are involved in pathological processes and are not transient colonizers."} {"question_id": 717, "question": "Is APE1 expression observed in the nuclei of ovarian cancer cells in the microphotographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837561_fig1_58974.jpg", "report": "Microphotographs of ovarian cancer (A), gastric cancer (B), and PAC (C) showing positive nuclear APE1 expression (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 718, "question": "Are the microphotographs taken at a magnification of ×400?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2837561_fig1_58974.jpg", "report": "Microphotographs of ovarian cancer (A), gastric cancer (B), and PAC (C) showing positive nuclear APE1 expression (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 719, "question": "Does the presence of positive nuclear APE1 expression suggest that PAC (pancreatic adenocarcinoma) is being analyzed in the microphotographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2837561_fig1_58974.jpg", "report": "Microphotographs of ovarian cancer (A), gastric cancer (B), and PAC (C) showing positive nuclear APE1 expression (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 720, "question": "Are there any indications that the microphotographs show cytoplasmic APE1 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2837561_fig1_58974.jpg", "report": "Microphotographs of ovarian cancer (A), gastric cancer (B), and PAC (C) showing positive nuclear APE1 expression (magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 721, "question": "Are the vascular channels in the chest pathology image lined by endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2769324_fig-003_49329.jpg", "report": "40× magnification showing vascular channels lined by endothelial calls showing nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. The surrounding stroma is loose and myxoid."} {"question_id": 722, "question": "Does the image at 40× magnification show nuclear atypia and pleomorphism in the endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2769324_fig-003_49329.jpg", "report": "40× magnification showing vascular channels lined by endothelial calls showing nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. The surrounding stroma is loose and myxoid."} {"question_id": 723, "question": "Is the stroma surrounding the vascular channels dense and fibrous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2769324_fig-003_49329.jpg", "report": "40× magnification showing vascular channels lined by endothelial calls showing nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. The surrounding stroma is loose and myxoid."} {"question_id": 724, "question": "Is the surrounding stroma characterized as loose and myxoid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2769324_fig-003_49329.jpg", "report": "40× magnification showing vascular channels lined by endothelial calls showing nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. The surrounding stroma is loose and myxoid."} {"question_id": 725, "question": "Are NEB-1 keratinocytes used in the phase contrast images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22933.jpg", "report": "Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 726, "question": "Does the image show keratinocytes undergoing biaxial strain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22933.jpg", "report": "Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 727, "question": "Is the scale bar used in the images 50 µm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22933.jpg", "report": "Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 728, "question": "Is cell strain positive when the rubber substrate is in its relaxed state?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2390850_pone-0002327-g001_22933.jpg", "report": "Phase contrast images of NEB-1 keratinocytes undergoing incremental uniaxial strain.Average uniaxial strain is reported in the lower left corner of each panel. Some loss of adhesion occurs at such high strains, which is why cell strain is slightly negative when the rubber substrate is returned to its relaxed state (M). Scale bar = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 729, "question": "Is more than 95% of the tumor composed of adipose tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2710317_F3_41571.jpg", "report": "Microscopic finding of the tumor (higher magnification). AB: More than 95% of the tumor was adipose component, containing only scant epithelial components. (HE staining, AB: ×400)."} {"question_id": 730, "question": "Does the tumor contain a significant amount of epithelial components?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2710317_F3_41571.jpg", "report": "Microscopic finding of the tumor (higher magnification). AB: More than 95% of the tumor was adipose component, containing only scant epithelial components. (HE staining, AB: ×400)."} {"question_id": 731, "question": "Was HE staining used in the microscopic examination of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2710317_F3_41571.jpg", "report": "Microscopic finding of the tumor (higher magnification). AB: More than 95% of the tumor was adipose component, containing only scant epithelial components. (HE staining, AB: ×400)."} {"question_id": 732, "question": "Are epithelial components the predominant feature of this tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2710317_F3_41571.jpg", "report": "Microscopic finding of the tumor (higher magnification). AB: More than 95% of the tumor was adipose component, containing only scant epithelial components. (HE staining, AB: ×400)."} {"question_id": 733, "question": "Can immunohistochemistry be used to analyze bronchial biopsies in cases of allergic asthma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1261536_F3_3514.jpg", "report": "Cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies stained with antibodies against the ln γ1 chain. Allergic asthma (A), non-allergic asthma (B) and healthy control (C) (original magnification ×170). The comparison of the thickness of SEBM is shown and the significant differences between the groups shown in the figure. Mayer's hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 734, "question": "Are healthy control samples expected to show significant thickening of the SEBM compared to asthma samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1261536_F3_3514.jpg", "report": "Cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies stained with antibodies against the ln γ1 chain. Allergic asthma (A), non-allergic asthma (B) and healthy control (C) (original magnification ×170). The comparison of the thickness of SEBM is shown and the significant differences between the groups shown in the figure. Mayer's hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 735, "question": "Is Mayer's hematoxylin used as a staining technique in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1261536_F3_3514.jpg", "report": "Cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies stained with antibodies against the ln γ1 chain. Allergic asthma (A), non-allergic asthma (B) and healthy control (C) (original magnification ×170). The comparison of the thickness of SEBM is shown and the significant differences between the groups shown in the figure. Mayer's hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 736, "question": "Do non-allergic asthma samples show the same SEBM thickness as healthy controls?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1261536_F3_3514.jpg", "report": "Cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies stained with antibodies against the ln γ1 chain. Allergic asthma (A), non-allergic asthma (B) and healthy control (C) (original magnification ×170). The comparison of the thickness of SEBM is shown and the significant differences between the groups shown in the figure. Mayer's hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 737, "question": "Can enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) exhibit localized adherence (LA)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2732489_F3_44363.jpg", "report": "Adherence patterns of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains. Localized adherence (LA), diffuse adherence (DA), aggregative adherence (AA), and localized adherence-like (LAL). Magnification: X100."} {"question_id": 738, "question": "Is diffuse adherence (DA) a pattern associated with EPEC strains?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2732489_F3_44363.jpg", "report": "Adherence patterns of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains. Localized adherence (LA), diffuse adherence (DA), aggregative adherence (AA), and localized adherence-like (LAL). Magnification: X100."} {"question_id": 739, "question": "Are all adherence patterns of EPEC strains localized in nature?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2732489_F3_44363.jpg", "report": "Adherence patterns of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains. Localized adherence (LA), diffuse adherence (DA), aggregative adherence (AA), and localized adherence-like (LAL). Magnification: X100."} {"question_id": 740, "question": "Does magnification of X100 provide sufficient detail to differentiate between various EPEC adherence patterns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2732489_F3_44363.jpg", "report": "Adherence patterns of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains. Localized adherence (LA), diffuse adherence (DA), aggregative adherence (AA), and localized adherence-like (LAL). Magnification: X100."} {"question_id": 741, "question": "Is GalNAc-T3 expression seen in normal bronchial epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364253_fig3_21702.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GalNAc-T3. Normal bronchial epithelial cells (A) and bronchial gland cells (B) showed GalNAc-T3 expression. GalNAc-T3 expression was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumour cells or localised in the Golgi apparatus in an adenocarcinoma (C), but not seen in a squamous cell carcinoma (D). Scale bar=20 μm."} {"question_id": 742, "question": "Does GalNAc-T3 expression appear in squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2364253_fig3_21702.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GalNAc-T3. Normal bronchial epithelial cells (A) and bronchial gland cells (B) showed GalNAc-T3 expression. GalNAc-T3 expression was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumour cells or localised in the Golgi apparatus in an adenocarcinoma (C), but not seen in a squamous cell carcinoma (D). Scale bar=20 μm."} {"question_id": 743, "question": "Is GalNAc-T3 expression localized in the Golgi apparatus in adenocarcinoma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364253_fig3_21702.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GalNAc-T3. Normal bronchial epithelial cells (A) and bronchial gland cells (B) showed GalNAc-T3 expression. GalNAc-T3 expression was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumour cells or localised in the Golgi apparatus in an adenocarcinoma (C), but not seen in a squamous cell carcinoma (D). Scale bar=20 μm."} {"question_id": 744, "question": "Is the scale bar for the images provided 50 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2364253_fig3_21702.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GalNAc-T3. Normal bronchial epithelial cells (A) and bronchial gland cells (B) showed GalNAc-T3 expression. GalNAc-T3 expression was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumour cells or localised in the Golgi apparatus in an adenocarcinoma (C), but not seen in a squamous cell carcinoma (D). Scale bar=20 μm."} {"question_id": 745, "question": "Are carcinomatous cells present in the lymph nodes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361256_fig3_21388.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on lymph nodes containing carcinomatous cells detected after HES staining (right) after incubation with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (left) (final magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 746, "question": "Is immunohistochemistry used to detect non-carcinomatous cells in this context?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361256_fig3_21388.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on lymph nodes containing carcinomatous cells detected after HES staining (right) after incubation with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (left) (final magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 747, "question": "Does the use of an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody help in identifying carcinomatous cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361256_fig3_21388.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on lymph nodes containing carcinomatous cells detected after HES staining (right) after incubation with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (left) (final magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 748, "question": "Was the final magnification used in this study less than ×400?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361256_fig3_21388.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on lymph nodes containing carcinomatous cells detected after HES staining (right) after incubation with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (left) (final magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 749, "question": "Are the tissues collected from normal livers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2538763_fig4_27840.jpg", "report": "Localisation of junctional proteins and phospho-Smad2 in Smad7-induced liver metastases. Tissues from normal livers of parental and vector control cells injected mice and liver metastases from Smad7-expressing clones injected mice were collected 33 days after splenic injection. (A) Shows staining with H&E, proliferation marker Ki67 and Tunnel. (B) Shows immunohistochemical staining for phospho-Smad2, E-cadherin, Claudin-1 and Claudin-4. Pictures were taken at original magnification of 630 × ."} {"question_id": 750, "question": "Were the liver tissues collected 20 days after splenic injection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2538763_fig4_27840.jpg", "report": "Localisation of junctional proteins and phospho-Smad2 in Smad7-induced liver metastases. Tissues from normal livers of parental and vector control cells injected mice and liver metastases from Smad7-expressing clones injected mice were collected 33 days after splenic injection. (A) Shows staining with H&E, proliferation marker Ki67 and Tunnel. (B) Shows immunohistochemical staining for phospho-Smad2, E-cadherin, Claudin-1 and Claudin-4. Pictures were taken at original magnification of 630 × ."} {"question_id": 752, "question": "Is phospho-Smad2 staining absent in the liver metastases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2538763_fig4_27840.jpg", "report": "Localisation of junctional proteins and phospho-Smad2 in Smad7-induced liver metastases. Tissues from normal livers of parental and vector control cells injected mice and liver metastases from Smad7-expressing clones injected mice were collected 33 days after splenic injection. (A) Shows staining with H&E, proliferation marker Ki67 and Tunnel. (B) Shows immunohistochemical staining for phospho-Smad2, E-cadherin, Claudin-1 and Claudin-4. Pictures were taken at original magnification of 630 × ."} {"question_id": 753, "question": "Are the Physcomitrella hexokinases localized to the mitochondria in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045890_F5_88331.jpg", "report": "Localization of Physcomitrella hexokinases to mitochondria. GFP fluorescence is show in green and the mitochondria specific dye MitoTracker® in orange. The white bars represent 1 μm."} {"question_id": 754, "question": "Is the GFP fluorescence used in the image shown in orange?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045890_F5_88331.jpg", "report": "Localization of Physcomitrella hexokinases to mitochondria. GFP fluorescence is show in green and the mitochondria specific dye MitoTracker® in orange. The white bars represent 1 μm."} {"question_id": 755, "question": "Do the white bars in the image represent a length of 1 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045890_F5_88331.jpg", "report": "Localization of Physcomitrella hexokinases to mitochondria. GFP fluorescence is show in green and the mitochondria specific dye MitoTracker® in orange. The white bars represent 1 μm."} {"question_id": 756, "question": "Is MitoTracker® used to label the cytoplasm in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045890_F5_88331.jpg", "report": "Localization of Physcomitrella hexokinases to mitochondria. GFP fluorescence is show in green and the mitochondria specific dye MitoTracker® in orange. The white bars represent 1 μm."} {"question_id": 757, "question": "Is Cryptococcus neoformans identifiable by PAS staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2931510_F2_72530.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous biopsy specimen. Periodic acid-Schiff staining with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans (PAS-positive spherules with prominent capsules in a zone of clearance or \"halo\" around the cells, original magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 758, "question": "Are the spherules of Cryptococcus neoformans typically PAS-negative?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2931510_F2_72530.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous biopsy specimen. Periodic acid-Schiff staining with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans (PAS-positive spherules with prominent capsules in a zone of clearance or \"halo\" around the cells, original magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 759, "question": "Does the presence of a \"halo\" around the cells suggest a capsule in Cryptococcus neoformans?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2931510_F2_72530.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous biopsy specimen. Periodic acid-Schiff staining with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans (PAS-positive spherules with prominent capsules in a zone of clearance or \"halo\" around the cells, original magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 760, "question": "Is the original magnification of × 630 commonly used in routine diagnostic procedures for Cryptococcus neoformans?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2931510_F2_72530.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous biopsy specimen. Periodic acid-Schiff staining with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans (PAS-positive spherules with prominent capsules in a zone of clearance or \"halo\" around the cells, original magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 761, "question": "Is hydrogen peroxide found in necrotic lesions in arrested bps1 leaves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045294_F7_88194.jpg", "report": "ROS is not increased in arrested bps1 leaves. (A). Hydrogen peroxide, visualized using DAB, was found in necrotic lesions and associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. (B) Superoxide, visualized using NBT staining, was found associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. Bars = 200 μm."} {"question_id": 762, "question": "Is there an increase in ROS in arrested bps1 leaves?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045294_F7_88194.jpg", "report": "ROS is not increased in arrested bps1 leaves. (A). Hydrogen peroxide, visualized using DAB, was found in necrotic lesions and associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. (B) Superoxide, visualized using NBT staining, was found associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. Bars = 200 μm."} {"question_id": 763, "question": "Is superoxide associated with vascular tissue in arrested bps1 leaves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045294_F7_88194.jpg", "report": "ROS is not increased in arrested bps1 leaves. (A). Hydrogen peroxide, visualized using DAB, was found in necrotic lesions and associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. (B) Superoxide, visualized using NBT staining, was found associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. Bars = 200 μm."} {"question_id": 764, "question": "Is superoxide elevated in the bps1 leaf?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045294_F7_88194.jpg", "report": "ROS is not increased in arrested bps1 leaves. (A). Hydrogen peroxide, visualized using DAB, was found in necrotic lesions and associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. (B) Superoxide, visualized using NBT staining, was found associated with vascular tissue, but it was not elevated in the bps1 leaf. Bars = 200 μm."} {"question_id": 765, "question": "Does the image show cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2678080_F1_38024.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic EABA in PTC tissue. a) Cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (LSAB+); objective magnification 5×; b) No reaction in the same sample of PTC (EnVision); objective magnification 5×."} {"question_id": 766, "question": "Is there any reaction observed in the PTC sample with the EnVision method?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2678080_F1_38024.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic EABA in PTC tissue. a) Cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (LSAB+); objective magnification 5×; b) No reaction in the same sample of PTC (EnVision); objective magnification 5×."} {"question_id": 767, "question": "Is the objective magnification used in both images 5×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2678080_F1_38024.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic EABA in PTC tissue. a) Cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (LSAB+); objective magnification 5×; b) No reaction in the same sample of PTC (EnVision); objective magnification 5×."} {"question_id": 768, "question": "Are the carcinoma cells stained using the LSAB+ method in the second image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2678080_F1_38024.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic EABA in PTC tissue. a) Cytoplasmic EABA in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (LSAB+); objective magnification 5×; b) No reaction in the same sample of PTC (EnVision); objective magnification 5×."} {"question_id": 769, "question": "Are EBP and lipid rafts colocalized at the plasma membrane?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2982818_pone-0014010-g001_78549.jpg", "report": "EBP and lipid rafts are colocalized at the plasma membrane.EBP and lipid rafts localization were analyzed using confocal microscopy as described in the Methods section. EBP appears as a red staining, lipid rafts as a green staining and the colocalization as a yellow staining. The scale represents 10 µm."} {"question_id": 770, "question": "Were EBP and lipid rafts visualized using electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2982818_pone-0014010-g001_78549.jpg", "report": "EBP and lipid rafts are colocalized at the plasma membrane.EBP and lipid rafts localization were analyzed using confocal microscopy as described in the Methods section. EBP appears as a red staining, lipid rafts as a green staining and the colocalization as a yellow staining. The scale represents 10 µm."} {"question_id": 771, "question": "Does the colocalization of EBP and lipid rafts appear as yellow staining under confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2982818_pone-0014010-g001_78549.jpg", "report": "EBP and lipid rafts are colocalized at the plasma membrane.EBP and lipid rafts localization were analyzed using confocal microscopy as described in the Methods section. EBP appears as a red staining, lipid rafts as a green staining and the colocalization as a yellow staining. The scale represents 10 µm."} {"question_id": 772, "question": "Is the scale used for the analysis in the confocal microscopy image 100 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2982818_pone-0014010-g001_78549.jpg", "report": "EBP and lipid rafts are colocalized at the plasma membrane.EBP and lipid rafts localization were analyzed using confocal microscopy as described in the Methods section. EBP appears as a red staining, lipid rafts as a green staining and the colocalization as a yellow staining. The scale represents 10 µm."} {"question_id": 773, "question": "Do the infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes indicate pituitary lymphoma in the histological examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3006376_F4_81896.jpg", "report": "The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary lymphoma. Figures A and B shows infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes with occasional mitotic. The immunohistocemical tests were positive for the B-cell CD20 marker (C) and negative for the T-cell marker CD3 (D)."} {"question_id": 774, "question": "Are the infiltrative cells in pituitary lymphoma primarily small-sized lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3006376_F4_81896.jpg", "report": "The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary lymphoma. Figures A and B shows infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes with occasional mitotic. The immunohistocemical tests were positive for the B-cell CD20 marker (C) and negative for the T-cell marker CD3 (D)."} {"question_id": 775, "question": "Is the B-cell CD20 marker positive in the immunohistochemical tests for this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3006376_F4_81896.jpg", "report": "The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary lymphoma. Figures A and B shows infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes with occasional mitotic. The immunohistocemical tests were positive for the B-cell CD20 marker (C) and negative for the T-cell marker CD3 (D)."} {"question_id": 776, "question": "Is the T-cell marker CD3 positive in the immunohistochemical tests for this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3006376_F4_81896.jpg", "report": "The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary lymphoma. Figures A and B shows infiltrative large-sized lymphocytes with occasional mitotic. The immunohistocemical tests were positive for the B-cell CD20 marker (C) and negative for the T-cell marker CD3 (D)."} {"question_id": 777, "question": "Is CD244 clustering indicated by white arrows in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779586_ppat-1000682-g003_51264.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CD244 in PBMCs of patients with HAM/TSP.After the culture for 8 hours, PBMCs were stained with antibodies against perforin, CD244 and CD48, and visualized through microscope. Two representative 3D images were shown in A and B. The image shows DAPI (blue), perforin (green), CD244 (orange) and CD48 (purple). In addition to DAPI and perforin (left), CD244 (middle) and CD48 (right) are merged. The white arrows indicate CD244 clustering at the cell contact area."} {"question_id": 778, "question": "Are CD244 and CD48 visualized using the same color in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779586_ppat-1000682-g003_51264.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CD244 in PBMCs of patients with HAM/TSP.After the culture for 8 hours, PBMCs were stained with antibodies against perforin, CD244 and CD48, and visualized through microscope. Two representative 3D images were shown in A and B. The image shows DAPI (blue), perforin (green), CD244 (orange) and CD48 (purple). In addition to DAPI and perforin (left), CD244 (middle) and CD48 (right) are merged. The white arrows indicate CD244 clustering at the cell contact area."} {"question_id": 779, "question": "Does the image show DAPI staining in blue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779586_ppat-1000682-g003_51264.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CD244 in PBMCs of patients with HAM/TSP.After the culture for 8 hours, PBMCs were stained with antibodies against perforin, CD244 and CD48, and visualized through microscope. Two representative 3D images were shown in A and B. The image shows DAPI (blue), perforin (green), CD244 (orange) and CD48 (purple). In addition to DAPI and perforin (left), CD244 (middle) and CD48 (right) are merged. The white arrows indicate CD244 clustering at the cell contact area."} {"question_id": 780, "question": "Is perforin visualized in purple in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779586_ppat-1000682-g003_51264.jpg", "report": "Distribution of CD244 in PBMCs of patients with HAM/TSP.After the culture for 8 hours, PBMCs were stained with antibodies against perforin, CD244 and CD48, and visualized through microscope. Two representative 3D images were shown in A and B. The image shows DAPI (blue), perforin (green), CD244 (orange) and CD48 (purple). In addition to DAPI and perforin (left), CD244 (middle) and CD48 (right) are merged. The white arrows indicate CD244 clustering at the cell contact area."} {"question_id": 782, "question": "Can S. epidermidis be detected on tryptic soy agar supplemented with hyaluronic acid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2814232_fig4_55950.jpg", "report": "Hyaluronidase detection on tryptic soy agar supplemented with hyaluronic acid. S. aureus ATCC 33753 (a), S. aureus Newman (b), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (c), and a mixture of all three (d). Colonies of S. aureus Newman did not adhere to the agar surface when acetic acid was removed from the plates for photographic documentation."} {"question_id": 783, "question": "Did S. aureus Newman adhere to the agar surface when acetic acid was removed for documentation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2814232_fig4_55950.jpg", "report": "Hyaluronidase detection on tryptic soy agar supplemented with hyaluronic acid. S. aureus ATCC 33753 (a), S. aureus Newman (b), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (c), and a mixture of all three (d). Colonies of S. aureus Newman did not adhere to the agar surface when acetic acid was removed from the plates for photographic documentation."} {"question_id": 784, "question": "Is hyaluronic acid used as a supplement in the tryptic soy agar in this experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2814232_fig4_55950.jpg", "report": "Hyaluronidase detection on tryptic soy agar supplemented with hyaluronic acid. S. aureus ATCC 33753 (a), S. aureus Newman (b), S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (c), and a mixture of all three (d). Colonies of S. aureus Newman did not adhere to the agar surface when acetic acid was removed from the plates for photographic documentation."} {"question_id": 785, "question": "Is there cytoplasmic staining observed for Trail in serous epithelial tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2610034_F1_31800.jpg", "report": "Protein expression of Trail, p21 and Ccnb1 in serous epithelial benign, low malignant potential and LG ovarian tumors. Representative images of immunoperoxidase-stained tissue cores are shown for each protein and tumor classes (20× magnification). Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed for each of these proteins."} {"question_id": 786, "question": "Are the tissue cores stained with immunoperoxidase?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2610034_F1_31800.jpg", "report": "Protein expression of Trail, p21 and Ccnb1 in serous epithelial benign, low malignant potential and LG ovarian tumors. Representative images of immunoperoxidase-stained tissue cores are shown for each protein and tumor classes (20× magnification). Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed for each of these proteins."} {"question_id": 787, "question": "Is nuclear staining absent in the observed protein expressions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2610034_F1_31800.jpg", "report": "Protein expression of Trail, p21 and Ccnb1 in serous epithelial benign, low malignant potential and LG ovarian tumors. Representative images of immunoperoxidase-stained tissue cores are shown for each protein and tumor classes (20× magnification). Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed for each of these proteins."} {"question_id": 788, "question": "Are the images taken at a magnification of 40×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2610034_F1_31800.jpg", "report": "Protein expression of Trail, p21 and Ccnb1 in serous epithelial benign, low malignant potential and LG ovarian tumors. Representative images of immunoperoxidase-stained tissue cores are shown for each protein and tumor classes (20× magnification). Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed for each of these proteins."} {"question_id": 789, "question": "Do the transgenic Arabidopsis roots show the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP in the nucleus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images."} {"question_id": 790, "question": "Is the GFP fluorescence observed only in the cytoplasm for BnWRKY25-sGFP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images."} {"question_id": 791, "question": "Does the pCsGFPBT vector control show GFP fluorescence?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images."} {"question_id": 792, "question": "Are the BnWRKY proteins observed in five-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images."} {"question_id": 793, "question": "Is the bright field panel used to visualize GFP fluorescence?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2698848_F2_40319.jpg", "report": "Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images."} {"question_id": 794, "question": "Are vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli observed in the cells from the cytospin smears?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2861821_F0001_63214.jpg", "report": "Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200)"} {"question_id": 795, "question": "Is a focal acinar arrangement noted in the Papanicolaou-stained smears?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2861821_F0001_63214.jpg", "report": "Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200)"} {"question_id": 796, "question": "Does the histologic section confirm the diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2861821_F0001_63214.jpg", "report": "Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200)"} {"question_id": 797, "question": "Are the cytospin smears primarily stained using HandE staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2861821_F0001_63214.jpg", "report": "Cytospin smears from Case 1 showing papillary fragments (a. Papanicolaou × 200) of cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli (b. Papanicolaou × 400). Focal acinar arrangement is also noted (c. May-Grünwald-Giemsa × 400). Histologic section of the same case showing papillary renal cell carcinoma (d. HandE × 200)"} {"question_id": 798, "question": "Are necrotic cells in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris visible in the NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2930628_F5_72354.jpg", "report": "NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days where necrotic cell in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris (Red star, A & B, Bar = 2 μm) is seen lying adjacent to numerous membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes (C, red triangle, Bar = 2 μm) identified as dendrites under high power (D, red triangle, Bar = 500 nm); Figure E and F show reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts. (Bars = 2 μm)."} {"question_id": 799, "question": "Are the membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes identified as axons under high power?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2930628_F5_72354.jpg", "report": "NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days where necrotic cell in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris (Red star, A & B, Bar = 2 μm) is seen lying adjacent to numerous membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes (C, red triangle, Bar = 2 μm) identified as dendrites under high power (D, red triangle, Bar = 500 nm); Figure E and F show reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts. (Bars = 2 μm)."} {"question_id": 800, "question": "Do the reactive microglia surround the dendritic sprouts in the NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2930628_F5_72354.jpg", "report": "NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days where necrotic cell in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris (Red star, A & B, Bar = 2 μm) is seen lying adjacent to numerous membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes (C, red triangle, Bar = 2 μm) identified as dendrites under high power (D, red triangle, Bar = 500 nm); Figure E and F show reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts. (Bars = 2 μm)."} {"question_id": 801, "question": "Is the scale bar for the images showing reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts less than 2 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2930628_F5_72354.jpg", "report": "NMDA-induced ultrastructural changes in RGCs at 7 days where necrotic cell in the form of highly electron-dense neuronal debris (Red star, A & B, Bar = 2 μm) is seen lying adjacent to numerous membrane-bound microtubule-rich neuritic processes (C, red triangle, Bar = 2 μm) identified as dendrites under high power (D, red triangle, Bar = 500 nm); Figure E and F show reactive microglia surrounding the dendritic sprouts. (Bars = 2 μm)."} {"question_id": 802, "question": "Is the B1R distribution in the thoracic spinal cord of STZ-treated rats analyzed using confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2667487_F1_37109.jpg", "report": "B1R distribution in thoracic spinal cord of STZ-treated rats was shown by confocal microscopy with [Nα-Bodipy]-des-Arg9-BK. Shown are pictures from low (i) to high magnification (V) of the dorsal horn. Scale bars = 200, 50, 20, 5 and 2.5 μm, respectively from (i) to (V). Pictures are representative of a minimum of 4 sections per rat from 4 different STZ-diabetic rats."} {"question_id": 806, "question": "Is there a laceration on the ventral surface of the right kidney?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2875709_F0001_64775.jpg", "report": "En bloc procurement of kidneys with aorta and vena cava. Note the laceration on ventral surface of right kidney"} {"question_id": 807, "question": "Was the aorta included in the en bloc procurement of the kidneys?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2875709_F0001_64775.jpg", "report": "En bloc procurement of kidneys with aorta and vena cava. Note the laceration on ventral surface of right kidney"} {"question_id": 808, "question": "Are the kidneys procured separately without any major blood vessels?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2875709_F0001_64775.jpg", "report": "En bloc procurement of kidneys with aorta and vena cava. Note the laceration on ventral surface of right kidney"} {"question_id": 809, "question": "Is the vena cava excluded from the en bloc procurement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2875709_F0001_64775.jpg", "report": "En bloc procurement of kidneys with aorta and vena cava. Note the laceration on ventral surface of right kidney"} {"question_id": 810, "question": "Does the immunofluorescence staining show the presence of integrin β1 in both attached and suspended conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584955_fig5_30365.jpg", "report": "The effect of direct association of Cav-1 with integrin β1 on integrin β1-mediated survival. Immunofluorescence staining of integrin β1 (the first column), Cav-1 (middle column), and the merged images (the right column) of EV and CavS cells under attached (top) or suspended condition (bottom). Image was taken with confocal microscopy (magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 812, "question": "Is confocal microscopy used to capture the images in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584955_fig5_30365.jpg", "report": "The effect of direct association of Cav-1 with integrin β1 on integrin β1-mediated survival. Immunofluorescence staining of integrin β1 (the first column), Cav-1 (middle column), and the merged images (the right column) of EV and CavS cells under attached (top) or suspended condition (bottom). Image was taken with confocal microscopy (magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 813, "question": "Were the images taken at a magnification lower than × 630?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2584955_fig5_30365.jpg", "report": "The effect of direct association of Cav-1 with integrin β1 on integrin β1-mediated survival. Immunofluorescence staining of integrin β1 (the first column), Cav-1 (middle column), and the merged images (the right column) of EV and CavS cells under attached (top) or suspended condition (bottom). Image was taken with confocal microscopy (magnification × 630)."} {"question_id": 814, "question": "Are the liver sections stained with Azan in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3025920_pone-0016081-g001_85344.jpg", "report": "The change of liver fibrosis in mouse model.A. Representative H&E-stained, Azan-stained, Ag-stained, and EVG-stained histological sections of liver from mice receiving olive oil alone or CCL4 in olive oil. Magnification is ×10. B. The expression level of mmu-miRNA in mouse liver with olive oil or CCL4 at 4W, 6W, and 8W respectively, by microarray analysis."} {"question_id": 815, "question": "Is the magnification used in the histological sections ×40?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3025920_pone-0016081-g001_85344.jpg", "report": "The change of liver fibrosis in mouse model.A. Representative H&E-stained, Azan-stained, Ag-stained, and EVG-stained histological sections of liver from mice receiving olive oil alone or CCL4 in olive oil. Magnification is ×10. B. The expression level of mmu-miRNA in mouse liver with olive oil or CCL4 at 4W, 6W, and 8W respectively, by microarray analysis."} {"question_id": 817, "question": "Are the liver sections from mice that received olive oil alone showing signs of fibrosis with H&E stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3025920_pone-0016081-g001_85344.jpg", "report": "The change of liver fibrosis in mouse model.A. Representative H&E-stained, Azan-stained, Ag-stained, and EVG-stained histological sections of liver from mice receiving olive oil alone or CCL4 in olive oil. Magnification is ×10. B. The expression level of mmu-miRNA in mouse liver with olive oil or CCL4 at 4W, 6W, and 8W respectively, by microarray analysis."} {"question_id": 818, "question": "Are numerous virions still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2045666_F2_14542.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy observations of MYXV BT infected cells. A. Numerous virions are still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 h p.i.. B. Large cytoplasmic area without organite containing dense particles (5 h p.i.). C. Atypical Immature Virion (IV) (12 h p.i.). D. Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) (12 h p.i.). Microscope: Hitachi UI12A, Magnifications, A: 35000; B: 15000; C and D: 90000."} {"question_id": 819, "question": "Is there a large cytoplasmic area without organites containing dense particles 5 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2045666_F2_14542.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy observations of MYXV BT infected cells. A. Numerous virions are still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 h p.i.. B. Large cytoplasmic area without organite containing dense particles (5 h p.i.). C. Atypical Immature Virion (IV) (12 h p.i.). D. Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) (12 h p.i.). Microscope: Hitachi UI12A, Magnifications, A: 35000; B: 15000; C and D: 90000."} {"question_id": 820, "question": "Are Immature Virions (IV) observed 8 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2045666_F2_14542.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy observations of MYXV BT infected cells. A. Numerous virions are still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 h p.i.. B. Large cytoplasmic area without organite containing dense particles (5 h p.i.). C. Atypical Immature Virion (IV) (12 h p.i.). D. Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) (12 h p.i.). Microscope: Hitachi UI12A, Magnifications, A: 35000; B: 15000; C and D: 90000."} {"question_id": 821, "question": "Is an Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) observed 12 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2045666_F2_14542.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy observations of MYXV BT infected cells. A. Numerous virions are still adsorbed on the cell surface 8 h p.i.. B. Large cytoplasmic area without organite containing dense particles (5 h p.i.). C. Atypical Immature Virion (IV) (12 h p.i.). D. Intracellular Enveloped Virion (IEV) (12 h p.i.). Microscope: Hitachi UI12A, Magnifications, A: 35000; B: 15000; C and D: 90000."} {"question_id": 822, "question": "Are the neoplastic cells in the image arranged in solid nests?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860417_F0002_62985.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance which shows neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, cytologic atypia, and hyperchromatic nuclei suggestive of mesothelioma (H and E stain; ×40)"} {"question_id": 823, "question": "Does the microscopic appearance show cytologic atypia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860417_F0002_62985.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance which shows neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, cytologic atypia, and hyperchromatic nuclei suggestive of mesothelioma (H and E stain; ×40)"} {"question_id": 824, "question": "Are the nuclei of the neoplastic cells hyperchromatic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860417_F0002_62985.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance which shows neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, cytologic atypia, and hyperchromatic nuclei suggestive of mesothelioma (H and E stain; ×40)"} {"question_id": 825, "question": "Is the diagnosis based on the presence of necrotic tissue in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2860417_F0002_62985.jpg", "report": "Microscopic appearance which shows neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, cytologic atypia, and hyperchromatic nuclei suggestive of mesothelioma (H and E stain; ×40)"} {"question_id": 826, "question": "Are the cells in the cytology slide primarily round in shape? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2596090_F1_30924.jpg", "report": "A cytology slide of the neoplasm of one of the patients. Note the numerous population of discrete round cells. (Diff Quick staining; magnification 100 ×)."} {"question_id": 827, "question": "Is the population of cells in the slide sparse? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2596090_F1_30924.jpg", "report": "A cytology slide of the neoplasm of one of the patients. Note the numerous population of discrete round cells. (Diff Quick staining; magnification 100 ×)."} {"question_id": 828, "question": "Was Diff Quick staining used for the cytology slide? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2596090_F1_30924.jpg", "report": "A cytology slide of the neoplasm of one of the patients. Note the numerous population of discrete round cells. (Diff Quick staining; magnification 100 ×)."} {"question_id": 829, "question": "Is the magnification used for viewing the cytology slide 400×? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2596090_F1_30924.jpg", "report": "A cytology slide of the neoplasm of one of the patients. Note the numerous population of discrete round cells. (Diff Quick staining; magnification 100 ×)."} {"question_id": 830, "question": "Are intact organisms found in the biliary ducts of the liver in guinea pigs infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1914066_ppat-0030097-g006_12202.jpg", "report": "In Vivo Expression of Loa22 in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai(A) Liver, (B) kidney. Histopathologic sections were stained by immunochemistry using Loa22 antiserum (×1,000). Intact organisms were found in biliary ducts (A) and in large number in Bowman's spaces and proximal tubules (B). Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 831, "question": "Are intact organisms absent in Bowman's spaces in guinea pigs infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1914066_ppat-0030097-g006_12202.jpg", "report": "In Vivo Expression of Loa22 in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai(A) Liver, (B) kidney. Histopathologic sections were stained by immunochemistry using Loa22 antiserum (×1,000). Intact organisms were found in biliary ducts (A) and in large number in Bowman's spaces and proximal tubules (B). Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 832, "question": "Is immunochemistry used to stain histopathologic sections in this study? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1914066_ppat-0030097-g006_12202.jpg", "report": "In Vivo Expression of Loa22 in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai(A) Liver, (B) kidney. Histopathologic sections were stained by immunochemistry using Loa22 antiserum (×1,000). Intact organisms were found in biliary ducts (A) and in large number in Bowman's spaces and proximal tubules (B). Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 833, "question": "Are the intact organisms found only in the liver and not in the kidney? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1914066_ppat-0030097-g006_12202.jpg", "report": "In Vivo Expression of Loa22 in Liver and Kidney of Guinea Pigs Infected with L. interrogans Serovar Lai(A) Liver, (B) kidney. Histopathologic sections were stained by immunochemistry using Loa22 antiserum (×1,000). Intact organisms were found in biliary ducts (A) and in large number in Bowman's spaces and proximal tubules (B). Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 834, "question": "Does the human corneal endothelial cell sheet consist of a monolayer of cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2267690_f3_19022.jpg", "report": "Histologic findings of the human corneal endothelial cell sheet. A and B: A cell sheet consists of a monolayer of cells that have consistent size. The scale bar in A is equal to 200 μm and in B is equal to 50 μm. C: Electron microscopic observation demonstrated desmosomes between cells (arrow). Bar=200 nm."} {"question_id": 835, "question": "Are the cells in the human corneal endothelial cell sheet varying significantly in size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2267690_f3_19022.jpg", "report": "Histologic findings of the human corneal endothelial cell sheet. A and B: A cell sheet consists of a monolayer of cells that have consistent size. The scale bar in A is equal to 200 μm and in B is equal to 50 μm. C: Electron microscopic observation demonstrated desmosomes between cells (arrow). Bar=200 nm."} {"question_id": 836, "question": "Can desmosomes be observed between cells in the human corneal endothelial cell sheet under an electron microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2267690_f3_19022.jpg", "report": "Histologic findings of the human corneal endothelial cell sheet. A and B: A cell sheet consists of a monolayer of cells that have consistent size. The scale bar in A is equal to 200 μm and in B is equal to 50 μm. C: Electron microscopic observation demonstrated desmosomes between cells (arrow). Bar=200 nm."} {"question_id": 837, "question": "Is the scale bar in image B equal to 200 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2267690_f3_19022.jpg", "report": "Histologic findings of the human corneal endothelial cell sheet. A and B: A cell sheet consists of a monolayer of cells that have consistent size. The scale bar in A is equal to 200 μm and in B is equal to 50 μm. C: Electron microscopic observation demonstrated desmosomes between cells (arrow). Bar=200 nm."} {"question_id": 838, "question": "Are the tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows."} {"question_id": 839, "question": "Do the images include the spleen 75 days post infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows."} {"question_id": 840, "question": "Are dead fungi cells indicated with arrowheads in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows."} {"question_id": 841, "question": "Is there any mention of lung tissue in the provided report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows."} {"question_id": 842, "question": "Are giant cells present in the infected tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2685139_F6_38870.jpg", "report": "Histological analyses of female Calomys callosus infected i.p. with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after bilateral ovariectomy. The tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined at a magnification of 200 X. In A and B – liver and spleen of animals 15 days post infection, C and D – liver and spleen 45 days post infection; E – liver 75 days post infection. Dead fungi cells are pointed with arrowheads. Giant cells are pointed with arrows."} {"question_id": 843, "question": "Is Cebpd mRNA expression localized to theca cells in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2129115_pone-0001334-g003_15303.jpg", "report": "\nCebpd mRNA expression is localized to theca and interstitial cells.Dark-field photomicrographs of in situ hybridization analyses using Cebpd-specific sense and antisense RNA probes on sections from ovaries of 6 week-old mice treated for 2 days with PMSG followed by hCG for the indicated times. Outlined regions in the center panels are shown at higher magnification on the right."} {"question_id": 844, "question": "Can Cebpd mRNA expression be detected using in situ hybridization analyses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2129115_pone-0001334-g003_15303.jpg", "report": "\nCebpd mRNA expression is localized to theca and interstitial cells.Dark-field photomicrographs of in situ hybridization analyses using Cebpd-specific sense and antisense RNA probes on sections from ovaries of 6 week-old mice treated for 2 days with PMSG followed by hCG for the indicated times. Outlined regions in the center panels are shown at higher magnification on the right."} {"question_id": 845, "question": "Were the mice treated with PMSG and hCG to induce changes in Cebpd mRNA expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2129115_pone-0001334-g003_15303.jpg", "report": "\nCebpd mRNA expression is localized to theca and interstitial cells.Dark-field photomicrographs of in situ hybridization analyses using Cebpd-specific sense and antisense RNA probes on sections from ovaries of 6 week-old mice treated for 2 days with PMSG followed by hCG for the indicated times. Outlined regions in the center panels are shown at higher magnification on the right."} {"question_id": 846, "question": "Were the photomicrographs taken from sections of lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2129115_pone-0001334-g003_15303.jpg", "report": "\nCebpd mRNA expression is localized to theca and interstitial cells.Dark-field photomicrographs of in situ hybridization analyses using Cebpd-specific sense and antisense RNA probes on sections from ovaries of 6 week-old mice treated for 2 days with PMSG followed by hCG for the indicated times. Outlined regions in the center panels are shown at higher magnification on the right."} {"question_id": 847, "question": "Did the heart weigh 780 grams in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803924_F3_54276.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. A: cut surface of the heart. The heart weighed 780 g and showed numerous metastatic nodules and diffuse myocardial thickening, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. B: metastatic tumor cells invaded the myocardium with stromal edema (HE). C: immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 demonstrated severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 848, "question": "Are the metastatic nodules in the heart suggestive of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803924_F3_54276.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. A: cut surface of the heart. The heart weighed 780 g and showed numerous metastatic nodules and diffuse myocardial thickening, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. B: metastatic tumor cells invaded the myocardium with stromal edema (HE). C: immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 demonstrated severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 849, "question": "Was the myocardial thickening caused by a primary heart condition rather than metastasis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2803924_F3_54276.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. A: cut surface of the heart. The heart weighed 780 g and showed numerous metastatic nodules and diffuse myocardial thickening, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. B: metastatic tumor cells invaded the myocardium with stromal edema (HE). C: immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 demonstrated severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 850, "question": "Did the immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 show severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803924_F3_54276.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the heart. A: cut surface of the heart. The heart weighed 780 g and showed numerous metastatic nodules and diffuse myocardial thickening, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. B: metastatic tumor cells invaded the myocardium with stromal edema (HE). C: immunohistochemical analysis for D2-40 demonstrated severe lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 851, "question": "Is the cytologic examination of the bronchial wash showing presence of a S stercoralis worm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860402_F0001_62978.jpg", "report": "Cytologic examination of the bronchial wash showing a S stercoralis worm in a background containing some cellular debris (Papanicolaou stain ×400)."} {"question_id": 852, "question": "Is the background of the bronchial wash free of cellular debris?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2860402_F0001_62978.jpg", "report": "Cytologic examination of the bronchial wash showing a S stercoralis worm in a background containing some cellular debris (Papanicolaou stain ×400)."} {"question_id": 853, "question": "Was the Papanicolaou stain used in the cytologic examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2860402_F0001_62978.jpg", "report": "Cytologic examination of the bronchial wash showing a S stercoralis worm in a background containing some cellular debris (Papanicolaou stain ×400)."} {"question_id": 855, "question": "Are macrophages visible in the images through F4/80 immunohistochemistry?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936339_F3_73110.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue on sirius red staining (top), inflammatory foci on H&E staining (middle) and macrophages on F4/80 immunohistochemistry (bottom)."} {"question_id": 856, "question": "Is there evidence of fibrosis in the non-tumorous tissue in the sirius red staining images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936339_F3_73110.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue on sirius red staining (top), inflammatory foci on H&E staining (middle) and macrophages on F4/80 immunohistochemistry (bottom)."} {"question_id": 857, "question": "Does the H&E staining show inflammatory foci?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2936339_F3_73110.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue on sirius red staining (top), inflammatory foci on H&E staining (middle) and macrophages on F4/80 immunohistochemistry (bottom)."} {"question_id": 858, "question": "Are the inflammatory foci located only in the tumorous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2936339_F3_73110.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of fibrosis in non-tumorous tissue on sirius red staining (top), inflammatory foci on H&E staining (middle) and macrophages on F4/80 immunohistochemistry (bottom)."} {"question_id": 859, "question": "Is Caveolin-1 expression absent in the epithelial tumor component in some breast cancer samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2082377_F1_14966.jpg", "report": "Caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer samples. A: Breast cancer sample without expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component. In contrast, expression of Caveolin-1 can be seen in myoepithelial cells as well as endothelial cells of entrapped vessels, serving as internal positive control (100× magnification). B: Breast cancer sample with strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component (400× magnification)"} {"question_id": 860, "question": "Are myoepithelial cells used as an internal positive control for Caveolin-1 expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2082377_F1_14966.jpg", "report": "Caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer samples. A: Breast cancer sample without expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component. In contrast, expression of Caveolin-1 can be seen in myoepithelial cells as well as endothelial cells of entrapped vessels, serving as internal positive control (100× magnification). B: Breast cancer sample with strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component (400× magnification)"} {"question_id": 861, "question": "Does strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component indicate a lack of Caveolin-1 in myoepithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2082377_F1_14966.jpg", "report": "Caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer samples. A: Breast cancer sample without expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component. In contrast, expression of Caveolin-1 can be seen in myoepithelial cells as well as endothelial cells of entrapped vessels, serving as internal positive control (100× magnification). B: Breast cancer sample with strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component (400× magnification)"} {"question_id": 862, "question": "Is Caveolin-1 expression observed in endothelial cells of entrapped vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2082377_F1_14966.jpg", "report": "Caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer samples. A: Breast cancer sample without expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component. In contrast, expression of Caveolin-1 can be seen in myoepithelial cells as well as endothelial cells of entrapped vessels, serving as internal positive control (100× magnification). B: Breast cancer sample with strong expression of Caveolin-1 in the epithelial tumor component (400× magnification)"} {"question_id": 863, "question": "Is VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity observed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of LHβTag transgenic retinoblastoma mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694596_F1_39815.jpg", "report": "VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence staining in LHβTag transgenic retinoblastoma. Representative eyes from LHβTag mice at 4 (A), 10 (B), and 16 (C,D) weeks are shown. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity is green and DAPI counterstaining is blue. GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear; ONL, Outer nuclear layer. Magnification (A) 200 X, (B) 100 X, (C) 200 X. (D) zoomed image from inset of C."} {"question_id": 865, "question": "Are the images taken at different magnifications, including 100X and 200X?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694596_F1_39815.jpg", "report": "VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence staining in LHβTag transgenic retinoblastoma. Representative eyes from LHβTag mice at 4 (A), 10 (B), and 16 (C,D) weeks are shown. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity is green and DAPI counterstaining is blue. GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear; ONL, Outer nuclear layer. Magnification (A) 200 X, (B) 100 X, (C) 200 X. (D) zoomed image from inset of C."} {"question_id": 866, "question": "Is DAPI counterstaining used to visualize the nuclei in blue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694596_F1_39815.jpg", "report": "VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence staining in LHβTag transgenic retinoblastoma. Representative eyes from LHβTag mice at 4 (A), 10 (B), and 16 (C,D) weeks are shown. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity is green and DAPI counterstaining is blue. GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear; ONL, Outer nuclear layer. Magnification (A) 200 X, (B) 100 X, (C) 200 X. (D) zoomed image from inset of C."} {"question_id": 867, "question": "Is Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2942852_F3_74138.jpg", "report": "Expression of Bmi-1 protein in tissue by immunohistochemistry. A and B, only weak staining of Bmi-1 was detected in few normal esophageal epithelial tissue (arrow, normal epithelial cells). C and D, positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues (200× and 400× of magnification, respectively). E and F, representative case of higher expression of Bmi-1 in invasive front (arrow, 200× and 400× magnification, respectively). Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in nuclei of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 868, "question": "Was weak staining of Bmi-1 detected in some normal esophageal epithelial tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942852_F3_74138.jpg", "report": "Expression of Bmi-1 protein in tissue by immunohistochemistry. A and B, only weak staining of Bmi-1 was detected in few normal esophageal epithelial tissue (arrow, normal epithelial cells). C and D, positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues (200× and 400× of magnification, respectively). E and F, representative case of higher expression of Bmi-1 in invasive front (arrow, 200× and 400× magnification, respectively). Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in nuclei of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 869, "question": "Is there a positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942852_F3_74138.jpg", "report": "Expression of Bmi-1 protein in tissue by immunohistochemistry. A and B, only weak staining of Bmi-1 was detected in few normal esophageal epithelial tissue (arrow, normal epithelial cells). C and D, positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues (200× and 400× of magnification, respectively). E and F, representative case of higher expression of Bmi-1 in invasive front (arrow, 200× and 400× magnification, respectively). Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in nuclei of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 870, "question": "Is the higher expression of Bmi-1 observed in the invasive front of esophageal carcinoma tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942852_F3_74138.jpg", "report": "Expression of Bmi-1 protein in tissue by immunohistochemistry. A and B, only weak staining of Bmi-1 was detected in few normal esophageal epithelial tissue (arrow, normal epithelial cells). C and D, positive expression of Bmi-1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues (200× and 400× of magnification, respectively). E and F, representative case of higher expression of Bmi-1 in invasive front (arrow, 200× and 400× magnification, respectively). Bmi-1 expression mainly localized in nuclei of tumor cells."} {"question_id": 871, "question": "Did the IVA-PLA2-knockout mice show suppressed hepatic fat deposition under the high-fat diet?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51147.jpg", "report": "Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20."} {"question_id": 872, "question": "Were the liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51147.jpg", "report": "Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20."} {"question_id": 873, "question": "Is the original magnification of the liver sections ×10?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51147.jpg", "report": "Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20."} {"question_id": 874, "question": "Were the mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51147.jpg", "report": "Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20."} {"question_id": 875, "question": "Do the tumor cells in the biopsy specimen exhibit a glandular arrangement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822323_F0003_56777.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing tumor cells in sheets and glandular arrangement with hyperchromatic nuclei (Haematoxylin and eosin, X 40)."} {"question_id": 876, "question": "Are the nuclei of the tumor cells in the biopsy specimen hyperchromatic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822323_F0003_56777.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing tumor cells in sheets and glandular arrangement with hyperchromatic nuclei (Haematoxylin and eosin, X 40)."} {"question_id": 877, "question": "Is the staining method used in this histopathological examination Hematoxylin and eosin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822323_F0003_56777.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing tumor cells in sheets and glandular arrangement with hyperchromatic nuclei (Haematoxylin and eosin, X 40)."} {"question_id": 878, "question": "Are the tumor cells in the biopsy specimen organized in a papillary structure?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2822323_F0003_56777.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing tumor cells in sheets and glandular arrangement with hyperchromatic nuclei (Haematoxylin and eosin, X 40)."} {"question_id": 879, "question": "Were inflammatory infiltrates observed in the lungs at all time points (days 1, 3, 7, and 12)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2259349_F4_18465.jpg", "report": "Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20."} {"question_id": 880, "question": "Did the histologic assessment show inflammatory infiltrates in the liver on day 1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2259349_F4_18465.jpg", "report": "Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20."} {"question_id": 881, "question": "Were the organs fixed, processed, and stained with H&E after intranasal delivery of AdLuc?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2259349_F4_18465.jpg", "report": "Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20."} {"question_id": 882, "question": "Was the magnification used in the microhistographs less than ×20?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2259349_F4_18465.jpg", "report": "Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20."} {"question_id": 883, "question": "Is the 'ghost' reflection of the strong beam visible in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042329_fig5_87692.jpg", "report": "Stray light observed in the lens-coupled detector. A rectangular beam that was beyond the saturation level of the CCD camera was recorded to observe reflections and scatterings in the lens system. The dashed circle indicates a ‘ghost’ of the strong beam. This image is shown on a logarithmic scale."} {"question_id": 884, "question": "Was the rectangular beam recorded below the saturation level of the CCD camera?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042329_fig5_87692.jpg", "report": "Stray light observed in the lens-coupled detector. A rectangular beam that was beyond the saturation level of the CCD camera was recorded to observe reflections and scatterings in the lens system. The dashed circle indicates a ‘ghost’ of the strong beam. This image is shown on a logarithmic scale."} {"question_id": 885, "question": "Are scatterings in the lens system observed in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042329_fig5_87692.jpg", "report": "Stray light observed in the lens-coupled detector. A rectangular beam that was beyond the saturation level of the CCD camera was recorded to observe reflections and scatterings in the lens system. The dashed circle indicates a ‘ghost’ of the strong beam. This image is shown on a logarithmic scale."} {"question_id": 886, "question": "Is the scale used to represent the image linear?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042329_fig5_87692.jpg", "report": "Stray light observed in the lens-coupled detector. A rectangular beam that was beyond the saturation level of the CCD camera was recorded to observe reflections and scatterings in the lens system. The dashed circle indicates a ‘ghost’ of the strong beam. This image is shown on a logarithmic scale."} {"question_id": 887, "question": "Do GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2569205_pone-0003562-g002_29028.jpg", "report": "GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing.A, RT-PCR for GFP at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week time points of flushed small intestine of pups foster-nursed by GFPtg dams. The negative control used was small intestine from a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse and the positive control used was small intestine from a GFPtg mouse. B–E, sections of small intestine at weeks 1–4, respectively. Staining of GFP+ cells was enhanced with an anti-GFP antibody."} {"question_id": 888, "question": "Was the small intestine of a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse used as the negative control in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2569205_pone-0003562-g002_29028.jpg", "report": "GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing.A, RT-PCR for GFP at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week time points of flushed small intestine of pups foster-nursed by GFPtg dams. The negative control used was small intestine from a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse and the positive control used was small intestine from a GFPtg mouse. B–E, sections of small intestine at weeks 1–4, respectively. Staining of GFP+ cells was enhanced with an anti-GFP antibody."} {"question_id": 889, "question": "Were the GFP+ cells detected in the small intestine of pups at week 4?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2569205_pone-0003562-g002_29028.jpg", "report": "GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing.A, RT-PCR for GFP at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week time points of flushed small intestine of pups foster-nursed by GFPtg dams. The negative control used was small intestine from a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse and the positive control used was small intestine from a GFPtg mouse. B–E, sections of small intestine at weeks 1–4, respectively. Staining of GFP+ cells was enhanced with an anti-GFP antibody."} {"question_id": 890, "question": "Were GFP+ cells not detected at any of the given time points?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2569205_pone-0003562-g002_29028.jpg", "report": "GFP+ cells cross the epithelium of the small intestine at 1 and 2 weeks of nursing.A, RT-PCR for GFP at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week time points of flushed small intestine of pups foster-nursed by GFPtg dams. The negative control used was small intestine from a non-GFP nursed B6 mouse and the positive control used was small intestine from a GFPtg mouse. B–E, sections of small intestine at weeks 1–4, respectively. Staining of GFP+ cells was enhanced with an anti-GFP antibody."} {"question_id": 892, "question": "Is the length of the Notogoneus osculus specimen less than 50 cm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2864752_pone-0010420-g004_63443.jpg", "report": "Full-size (53-cm long) adult specimen of Notogoneus osculus Cope, about 13% longer than the tracemaker interpreted for the trace fossil FOBU-12718; scale in centimeters.Specimen is in Fossil Butte National Monument collection; photograph by Arvid Aase."} {"question_id": 893, "question": "Is the scale used in the photograph measured in centimeters?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2864752_pone-0010420-g004_63443.jpg", "report": "Full-size (53-cm long) adult specimen of Notogoneus osculus Cope, about 13% longer than the tracemaker interpreted for the trace fossil FOBU-12718; scale in centimeters.Specimen is in Fossil Butte National Monument collection; photograph by Arvid Aase."} {"question_id": 894, "question": "Is the specimen part of a private collection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2864752_pone-0010420-g004_63443.jpg", "report": "Full-size (53-cm long) adult specimen of Notogoneus osculus Cope, about 13% longer than the tracemaker interpreted for the trace fossil FOBU-12718; scale in centimeters.Specimen is in Fossil Butte National Monument collection; photograph by Arvid Aase."} {"question_id": 895, "question": "Are plasma cells the primary infiltrating cells in the lymph node biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2612653_F3_31890.jpg", "report": "Lymph node biopsy demonstrates widespread infiltration by plasma cells."} {"question_id": 896, "question": "Does the biopsy show significant infiltration by neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2612653_F3_31890.jpg", "report": "Lymph node biopsy demonstrates widespread infiltration by plasma cells."} {"question_id": 897, "question": "Can the infiltration of plasma cells in the lymph node indicate a possible plasma cell neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2612653_F3_31890.jpg", "report": "Lymph node biopsy demonstrates widespread infiltration by plasma cells."} {"question_id": 898, "question": "Are eosinophils prominently present in the lymph node biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2612653_F3_31890.jpg", "report": "Lymph node biopsy demonstrates widespread infiltration by plasma cells."} {"question_id": 899, "question": "Does the liver biopsy show evidence of mild steatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3076249_F1_92303.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographs of liver biopsy, with hematoxylin/eosin (A, B, C) and reticulin stain (D), revealing a pattern of mild steatosis, moderate inflammatory changes and moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak score = 5-6)."} {"question_id": 900, "question": "Are there signs of severe inflammatory changes in the liver biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3076249_F1_92303.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographs of liver biopsy, with hematoxylin/eosin (A, B, C) and reticulin stain (D), revealing a pattern of mild steatosis, moderate inflammatory changes and moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak score = 5-6)."} {"question_id": 901, "question": "Does the liver biopsy reveal moderate to severe fibrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3076249_F1_92303.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographs of liver biopsy, with hematoxylin/eosin (A, B, C) and reticulin stain (D), revealing a pattern of mild steatosis, moderate inflammatory changes and moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak score = 5-6)."} {"question_id": 902, "question": "Is the Ishak score in the liver biopsy between 1-2?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3076249_F1_92303.jpg", "report": "Photomicrographs of liver biopsy, with hematoxylin/eosin (A, B, C) and reticulin stain (D), revealing a pattern of mild steatosis, moderate inflammatory changes and moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak score = 5-6)."} {"question_id": 903, "question": "Were Dex-induced changes in architecture evident at day 5?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1448204_F1_5195.jpg", "report": "Changes in morphology during hormonal treatments at days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30: Dex-induced changes in architecture were evident as early as d5 and persisted to d30. RA-induced changes were also evident at d5, continued to d15, but had reversed at d30. Concomitant Dex and RA administration resulted in septation similar to that of controls between d10 and d15 with continued normal appearance at d30. Dex: Dexamethasone. RA: all-trans-retinoic acid, (all images 40× magnification)"} {"question_id": 904, "question": "Did RA-induced changes reverse by day 30?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1448204_F1_5195.jpg", "report": "Changes in morphology during hormonal treatments at days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30: Dex-induced changes in architecture were evident as early as d5 and persisted to d30. RA-induced changes were also evident at d5, continued to d15, but had reversed at d30. Concomitant Dex and RA administration resulted in septation similar to that of controls between d10 and d15 with continued normal appearance at d30. Dex: Dexamethasone. RA: all-trans-retinoic acid, (all images 40× magnification)"} {"question_id": 905, "question": "Did concomitant Dex and RA administration result in abnormal architecture at day 30?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1448204_F1_5195.jpg", "report": "Changes in morphology during hormonal treatments at days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30: Dex-induced changes in architecture were evident as early as d5 and persisted to d30. RA-induced changes were also evident at d5, continued to d15, but had reversed at d30. Concomitant Dex and RA administration resulted in septation similar to that of controls between d10 and d15 with continued normal appearance at d30. Dex: Dexamethasone. RA: all-trans-retinoic acid, (all images 40× magnification)"} {"question_id": 906, "question": "Were morphological changes absent in the control group between days 10 and 15?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1448204_F1_5195.jpg", "report": "Changes in morphology during hormonal treatments at days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30: Dex-induced changes in architecture were evident as early as d5 and persisted to d30. RA-induced changes were also evident at d5, continued to d15, but had reversed at d30. Concomitant Dex and RA administration resulted in septation similar to that of controls between d10 and d15 with continued normal appearance at d30. Dex: Dexamethasone. RA: all-trans-retinoic acid, (all images 40× magnification)"} {"question_id": 907, "question": "Is the fluorescence micrograph used to visualize ALP107-273 localization in U2OS cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2670261_F4_37442.jpg", "report": "Localization of ALP107-273 in living cells. Fluorescence micrograph of a U2OS cell expressing α-actinin-CFP (A and red in C) and YFP-ALP107-273 (B and green in C). A higher magnification view of a region containing stress fibres is displayed in the bottom three panels (D, E, F). Bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 908, "question": "Is α-actinin-CFP represented in green in the micrograph?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2670261_F4_37442.jpg", "report": "Localization of ALP107-273 in living cells. Fluorescence micrograph of a U2OS cell expressing α-actinin-CFP (A and red in C) and YFP-ALP107-273 (B and green in C). A higher magnification view of a region containing stress fibres is displayed in the bottom three panels (D, E, F). Bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 909, "question": "Are stress fibers displayed in the higher magnification view panels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2670261_F4_37442.jpg", "report": "Localization of ALP107-273 in living cells. Fluorescence micrograph of a U2OS cell expressing α-actinin-CFP (A and red in C) and YFP-ALP107-273 (B and green in C). A higher magnification view of a region containing stress fibres is displayed in the bottom three panels (D, E, F). Bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 910, "question": "Is the bar scale for the images less than 10 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2670261_F4_37442.jpg", "report": "Localization of ALP107-273 in living cells. Fluorescence micrograph of a U2OS cell expressing α-actinin-CFP (A and red in C) and YFP-ALP107-273 (B and green in C). A higher magnification view of a region containing stress fibres is displayed in the bottom three panels (D, E, F). Bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 911, "question": "Can a core-needle biopsy sample show positive staining for the oestrogen receptor before neoadjuvant chemotherapy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2778525_fig1_51044.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor in core needle biopsy and surgery specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (A) Staining of tumour cells in core-needle biopsy sample (CNB) staining positively for oestrogen receptor (ER). (B) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (C) Staining of tumour cells in CNB specimens with ER-negative status. (D) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-positive status after NAC."} {"question_id": 912, "question": "Is it possible for a surgical sample to exhibit ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2778525_fig1_51044.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor in core needle biopsy and surgery specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (A) Staining of tumour cells in core-needle biopsy sample (CNB) staining positively for oestrogen receptor (ER). (B) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (C) Staining of tumour cells in CNB specimens with ER-negative status. (D) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-positive status after NAC."} {"question_id": 913, "question": "Do the core-needle biopsy specimens always show ER-positive status?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2778525_fig1_51044.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor in core needle biopsy and surgery specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (A) Staining of tumour cells in core-needle biopsy sample (CNB) staining positively for oestrogen receptor (ER). (B) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (C) Staining of tumour cells in CNB specimens with ER-negative status. (D) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-positive status after NAC."} {"question_id": 914, "question": "Can surgical samples retain ER-positive status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2778525_fig1_51044.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor in core needle biopsy and surgery specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (A) Staining of tumour cells in core-needle biopsy sample (CNB) staining positively for oestrogen receptor (ER). (B) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (C) Staining of tumour cells in CNB specimens with ER-negative status. (D) Staining of tumour cells in surgical samples with ER-positive status after NAC."} {"question_id": 915, "question": "Does the fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment show fluorescent astrocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2994931_pone-0014123-g004_80160.jpg", "report": "Visualization of calcium flux using fluorescent microscopy.(A) Fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment showing non-fluorescent astrocytes when the cells were incubating in HBSS containing 50 mM glycine. Fluorescent image taken 5 seconds (B) and 10 seconds (C) after stimulation with 1 µM trans-ACBD showing fluorescent astrocytes following treatment with a selective NMDAR agonist."} {"question_id": 916, "question": "Do the fluorescent images taken 5 seconds and 10 seconds after stimulation with trans-ACBD show fluorescent astrocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2994931_pone-0014123-g004_80160.jpg", "report": "Visualization of calcium flux using fluorescent microscopy.(A) Fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment showing non-fluorescent astrocytes when the cells were incubating in HBSS containing 50 mM glycine. Fluorescent image taken 5 seconds (B) and 10 seconds (C) after stimulation with 1 µM trans-ACBD showing fluorescent astrocytes following treatment with a selective NMDAR agonist."} {"question_id": 917, "question": "Was the treatment administered a selective NMDAR agonist?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2994931_pone-0014123-g004_80160.jpg", "report": "Visualization of calcium flux using fluorescent microscopy.(A) Fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment showing non-fluorescent astrocytes when the cells were incubating in HBSS containing 50 mM glycine. Fluorescent image taken 5 seconds (B) and 10 seconds (C) after stimulation with 1 µM trans-ACBD showing fluorescent astrocytes following treatment with a selective NMDAR agonist."} {"question_id": 918, "question": "Were the astrocytes incubated in a solution containing 100 mM glycine during the fluorescent microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2994931_pone-0014123-g004_80160.jpg", "report": "Visualization of calcium flux using fluorescent microscopy.(A) Fluorescent image taken before trans-ACBD treatment showing non-fluorescent astrocytes when the cells were incubating in HBSS containing 50 mM glycine. Fluorescent image taken 5 seconds (B) and 10 seconds (C) after stimulation with 1 µM trans-ACBD showing fluorescent astrocytes following treatment with a selective NMDAR agonist."} {"question_id": 919, "question": "Did the control animal show a normal appearance of mitochondria in the proximal tubule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome."} {"question_id": 920, "question": "Was there an increase in perinuclear clear space in the endotoxemic kidney?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome."} {"question_id": 921, "question": "Did the amrinone infusion fail to restore mitochondrial integrity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome."} {"question_id": 922, "question": "Are lysosomes indicated in the electron micrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome."} {"question_id": 923, "question": "Is the scale bar in the electron micrographs less than 1 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2694814_F6_39873.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of the proximal tubule. Control animal showed a normal tubule and normal appearance of mitochodria (A). Loss of polarity of mitochondria and increased perinuclear clear space occurred in the endotoxemic kidney (B). Amrinone infusion restored mitochondrial integrity and intracellular edema (C). Scale Bar = 5 μm. Nu, nucleus; M, mitochondria; Ly, lysosome."} {"question_id": 924, "question": "Can indomethacin induce acute gastric mucosal injury in mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952312_fig2_75542.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p. o.) in mice and its prevention by BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and Omez (3.0 mg/kg). The section of mice stomachs were dissected 4 h after the last dose of the respective test samples on the 3rd day of ulceration. Black arrows indicate mucosal damage."} {"question_id": 925, "question": "Is the dosage of BT used in the study 40 mg/kg?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952312_fig2_75542.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p. o.) in mice and its prevention by BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and Omez (3.0 mg/kg). The section of mice stomachs were dissected 4 h after the last dose of the respective test samples on the 3rd day of ulceration. Black arrows indicate mucosal damage."} {"question_id": 926, "question": "Do the histological sections show that Omez is administered at 10 mg/kg?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2952312_fig2_75542.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p. o.) in mice and its prevention by BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and Omez (3.0 mg/kg). The section of mice stomachs were dissected 4 h after the last dose of the respective test samples on the 3rd day of ulceration. Black arrows indicate mucosal damage."} {"question_id": 927, "question": "Are the stomachs of mice dissected 24 hours after the last dose of the test samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2952312_fig2_75542.jpg", "report": "Histological assessment of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p. o.) in mice and its prevention by BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and Omez (3.0 mg/kg). The section of mice stomachs were dissected 4 h after the last dose of the respective test samples on the 3rd day of ulceration. Black arrows indicate mucosal damage."} {"question_id": 929, "question": "Were the sperm samples observed using only light microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2781011_F4_51634.jpg", "report": "Morphological patterns of boar sperm membrane lysis after incubation with the indicated detergents for 30 min at 4°C. Sperm samples were observed by light microscopy (A, phase contrast, magnification of 500) as well as by transmission electron microscopy (B, C). For further details see the Materials and Methods section. Each bar represents 200 nm. The quantitative evaluation of the microscopic investigations is given in Tab. 2."} {"question_id": 932, "question": "Are trophoblastic islands typically found in the myometrium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3017074_F2_83319.jpg", "report": "Trophoblastic islands in the myometrium (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 933, "question": "Are trophoblastic islands more commonly found in the endometrium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3017074_F2_83319.jpg", "report": "Trophoblastic islands in the myometrium (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 934, "question": "Is haematoxylin and eosin staining commonly used to identify trophoblastic islands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3017074_F2_83319.jpg", "report": "Trophoblastic islands in the myometrium (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 935, "question": "Is the original magnification of the provided image × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3017074_F2_83319.jpg", "report": "Trophoblastic islands in the myometrium (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 936, "question": "Can asbestos-cement samples be observed under transmission electron microscopy? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1274344_F1_3725.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×)"} {"question_id": 937, "question": "Are chrysotile samples used in the provided images magnified at 1000×? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1274344_F1_3725.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×)"} {"question_id": 938, "question": "Is transmission electron microscopy useful for identifying asbestos fibers? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1274344_F1_3725.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×)"} {"question_id": 939, "question": "Are the magnifications of the asbestos-cement and chrysotile samples different in the provided images? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1274344_F1_3725.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscopy pictures of asbestos-cement (A) and chrysotile (B) samples. (Magnification: 2000×)"} {"question_id": 940, "question": "Are microvesicles present in the flagellar pocket of leishmania promastigotes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2374696_F6_22029.jpg", "report": "Microvesicles budding from the flagellar pocket and plasma membrane of leishmania. Stationary phase leishmania promastigotes were fixed and coated for scanning electron microscopy as described in Materials and methods. (a) A leishmania promastigote, (b) 10× magnification of the exposed flagellar pocket region of panel a (square) after stage rotation, and (c) a promastigote in the process of differentiating into an amastigote. Arrowheads point to microvesicles."} {"question_id": 941, "question": "Do the microvesicles bud from the plasma membrane only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2374696_F6_22029.jpg", "report": "Microvesicles budding from the flagellar pocket and plasma membrane of leishmania. Stationary phase leishmania promastigotes were fixed and coated for scanning electron microscopy as described in Materials and methods. (a) A leishmania promastigote, (b) 10× magnification of the exposed flagellar pocket region of panel a (square) after stage rotation, and (c) a promastigote in the process of differentiating into an amastigote. Arrowheads point to microvesicles."} {"question_id": 942, "question": "Is the image of the leishmania promastigote viewed at 10× magnification in panel b?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2374696_F6_22029.jpg", "report": "Microvesicles budding from the flagellar pocket and plasma membrane of leishmania. Stationary phase leishmania promastigotes were fixed and coated for scanning electron microscopy as described in Materials and methods. (a) A leishmania promastigote, (b) 10× magnification of the exposed flagellar pocket region of panel a (square) after stage rotation, and (c) a promastigote in the process of differentiating into an amastigote. Arrowheads point to microvesicles."} {"question_id": 943, "question": "Are the amastigote forms of leishmania shown in panel a?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2374696_F6_22029.jpg", "report": "Microvesicles budding from the flagellar pocket and plasma membrane of leishmania. Stationary phase leishmania promastigotes were fixed and coated for scanning electron microscopy as described in Materials and methods. (a) A leishmania promastigote, (b) 10× magnification of the exposed flagellar pocket region of panel a (square) after stage rotation, and (c) a promastigote in the process of differentiating into an amastigote. Arrowheads point to microvesicles."} {"question_id": 944, "question": "Does the manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and the corresponding digital photograph help in identifying gross tumor margins?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2582510_f10-co15-5-225e62_30034.jpg", "report": "Manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and corresponding digital photograph. Red and green contours on the photograph represent specimen edge and naked-eye gross tumour respectively. This superposition illustrates that some mismatch remains, which could be the result of changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing."} {"question_id": 945, "question": "Are the red and green contours on the photograph indicative of the same anatomical features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2582510_f10-co15-5-225e62_30034.jpg", "report": "Manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and corresponding digital photograph. Red and green contours on the photograph represent specimen edge and naked-eye gross tumour respectively. This superposition illustrates that some mismatch remains, which could be the result of changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing."} {"question_id": 946, "question": "Could changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing lead to mismatches in the superposition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2582510_f10-co15-5-225e62_30034.jpg", "report": "Manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and corresponding digital photograph. Red and green contours on the photograph represent specimen edge and naked-eye gross tumour respectively. This superposition illustrates that some mismatch remains, which could be the result of changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing."} {"question_id": 947, "question": "Is the mismatch in superposition likely due to errors in digital photograph capture?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2582510_f10-co15-5-225e62_30034.jpg", "report": "Manual superposition of whole-mount histopathology and corresponding digital photograph. Red and green contours on the photograph represent specimen edge and naked-eye gross tumour respectively. This superposition illustrates that some mismatch remains, which could be the result of changes in conformation and specimen dimension during sectioning and processing."} {"question_id": 948, "question": "Is there a tendency for the C/Fe particulates to agglomerate in the SEM preparation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1277860_f8-ehp0113-000170_3785.jpg", "report": "SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-free medium to suspension of C/Fe particulates. Note no tendency to agglomerate. Bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 949, "question": "Was the SEM preparation exposed to a serum-free medium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1277860_f8-ehp0113-000170_3785.jpg", "report": "SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-free medium to suspension of C/Fe particulates. Note no tendency to agglomerate. Bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 950, "question": "Is the magnification used in the SEM preparation 1,000×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1277860_f8-ehp0113-000170_3785.jpg", "report": "SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-free medium to suspension of C/Fe particulates. Note no tendency to agglomerate. Bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 951, "question": "Are the C/Fe particulates larger than 10 μm in the SEM preparation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1277860_f8-ehp0113-000170_3785.jpg", "report": "SEM preparation (magnification, 1,000×) after exposure in serum-free medium to suspension of C/Fe particulates. Note no tendency to agglomerate. Bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 952, "question": "Is the percentage of B cell engraftment estimated using anti-CD20 staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27116.jpg", "report": "Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20."} {"question_id": 953, "question": "Are the higher magnification images used for estimating B cell engraftment taken at 400× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27116.jpg", "report": "Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20."} {"question_id": 954, "question": "Are portions of the splenic section analyzed for B cell engraftment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27116.jpg", "report": "Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20."} {"question_id": 955, "question": "Is anti-CD20 used to stain T cells in the splenic section?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2527131_pone-0003192-g005_27116.jpg", "report": "Immunohistology.Higher magnification images (100×) of portions of the sections shown in figure 3. Estimates of percentages of B cell engraftment are done at this magnification by comparing the percentage of the splenic section staining with anti-CD20."} {"question_id": 956, "question": "Were the transmission and fluorescence microscopy images taken from axillary lymph nodes (ALN)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2375898_F2_22382.jpg", "report": "Transmission and fluorescence microscopy images of ALN frozen sections. Nude mice were injected with 20 pmol of QDs or PBS (control) in the distal part of the right anterior paw. Panels A, B: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN control; Panels C, D: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN 5 min after QDs injection (40 × enlargement). ALN: Axillary Lymph Node; QDs: Quantum Dots."} {"question_id": 957, "question": "Were the quantum dots (QDs) injected into the left anterior paw of the nude mice?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2375898_F2_22382.jpg", "report": "Transmission and fluorescence microscopy images of ALN frozen sections. Nude mice were injected with 20 pmol of QDs or PBS (control) in the distal part of the right anterior paw. Panels A, B: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN control; Panels C, D: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN 5 min after QDs injection (40 × enlargement). ALN: Axillary Lymph Node; QDs: Quantum Dots."} {"question_id": 958, "question": "Was there a control group in the study that received PBS instead of QDs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2375898_F2_22382.jpg", "report": "Transmission and fluorescence microscopy images of ALN frozen sections. Nude mice were injected with 20 pmol of QDs or PBS (control) in the distal part of the right anterior paw. Panels A, B: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN control; Panels C, D: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN 5 min after QDs injection (40 × enlargement). ALN: Axillary Lymph Node; QDs: Quantum Dots."} {"question_id": 959, "question": "Were the images of the ALN taken at a 100× enlargement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2375898_F2_22382.jpg", "report": "Transmission and fluorescence microscopy images of ALN frozen sections. Nude mice were injected with 20 pmol of QDs or PBS (control) in the distal part of the right anterior paw. Panels A, B: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN control; Panels C, D: transmission and fluorescence images of ALN 5 min after QDs injection (40 × enlargement). ALN: Axillary Lymph Node; QDs: Quantum Dots."} {"question_id": 960, "question": "Is the immunostaining for MMP-14 used to differentiate between benign and malignant prostate pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2833257_fig2_58580.jpg", "report": "(A) Example of immunostaining for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in prostate benign pathology. Magnification: × 200. (B) Example of immunostaining for MMP-14 in prostate carcinoma. Magnification: × 200."} {"question_id": 961, "question": "Does the magnification for the provided immunostaining images exceed × 200?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2833257_fig2_58580.jpg", "report": "(A) Example of immunostaining for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in prostate benign pathology. Magnification: × 200. (B) Example of immunostaining for MMP-14 in prostate carcinoma. Magnification: × 200."} {"question_id": 962, "question": "Are the images provided examples of MMP-14 immunostaining in prostate tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2833257_fig2_58580.jpg", "report": "(A) Example of immunostaining for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in prostate benign pathology. Magnification: × 200. (B) Example of immunostaining for MMP-14 in prostate carcinoma. Magnification: × 200."} {"question_id": 963, "question": "Can the immunostaining for MMP-14 be applied to identify benign prostate conditions only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2833257_fig2_58580.jpg", "report": "(A) Example of immunostaining for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in prostate benign pathology. Magnification: × 200. (B) Example of immunostaining for MMP-14 in prostate carcinoma. Magnification: × 200."} {"question_id": 964, "question": "Are restrictive vascular changes associated with thickening of the vessel walls?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2245911_F3_17709.jpg", "report": "Prominent restrictive vascular changes (H&E, original magnifications ×100)."} {"question_id": 965, "question": "Are the vascular changes indicative of an infectious process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2245911_F3_17709.jpg", "report": "Prominent restrictive vascular changes (H&E, original magnifications ×100)."} {"question_id": 966, "question": "Can restrictive vascular changes lead to impaired blood flow?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2245911_F3_17709.jpg", "report": "Prominent restrictive vascular changes (H&E, original magnifications ×100)."} {"question_id": 967, "question": "Are the vascular changes observed only under high magnification (×400)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2245911_F3_17709.jpg", "report": "Prominent restrictive vascular changes (H&E, original magnifications ×100)."} {"question_id": 968, "question": "Are the PB VLPs larger in diameter than the BV VLPs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2853493_F3_61792.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of PB and BV VLPs. A: PB VLPs, scale bar 500 nm. B: BV VLPs, same scale. Arrows show contamination by co-purified recombinant baculovirus in the BV sample. Insets: individual particles with diameter shown. PB VLP: 139 nm; BV VLP: 129 nm."} {"question_id": 970, "question": "Are the scale bars in the electron micrographs for PB and BV VLPs set at 500 nm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2853493_F3_61792.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of PB and BV VLPs. A: PB VLPs, scale bar 500 nm. B: BV VLPs, same scale. Arrows show contamination by co-purified recombinant baculovirus in the BV sample. Insets: individual particles with diameter shown. PB VLP: 139 nm; BV VLP: 129 nm."} {"question_id": 971, "question": "Is the diameter of the BV VLPs reported as 139 nm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2853493_F3_61792.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of PB and BV VLPs. A: PB VLPs, scale bar 500 nm. B: BV VLPs, same scale. Arrows show contamination by co-purified recombinant baculovirus in the BV sample. Insets: individual particles with diameter shown. PB VLP: 139 nm; BV VLP: 129 nm."} {"question_id": 972, "question": "Are AP205 VLPs used in this study displaying the Ang II peptide?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2843720_pone-0009809-g002_60115.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of negatively stained AP205-Ang II VLPs.AP205 VLPs displaying the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus (AP441 – short linker, AP442 – long linker), or the N-terminus (AP446 – short linker, AP447 – long linker) of AP205 coat protein."} {"question_id": 973, "question": "Is the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus in AP446 VLPs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2843720_pone-0009809-g002_60115.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of negatively stained AP205-Ang II VLPs.AP205 VLPs displaying the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus (AP441 – short linker, AP442 – long linker), or the N-terminus (AP446 – short linker, AP447 – long linker) of AP205 coat protein."} {"question_id": 974, "question": "Do AP441 and AP442 VLPs utilize a short linker for the Ang II peptide fusion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2843720_pone-0009809-g002_60115.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of negatively stained AP205-Ang II VLPs.AP205 VLPs displaying the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus (AP441 – short linker, AP442 – long linker), or the N-terminus (AP446 – short linker, AP447 – long linker) of AP205 coat protein."} {"question_id": 975, "question": "Are the AP205 VLPs negatively stained in the electron micrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2843720_pone-0009809-g002_60115.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of negatively stained AP205-Ang II VLPs.AP205 VLPs displaying the Ang II peptide fused to the C-terminus (AP441 – short linker, AP442 – long linker), or the N-terminus (AP446 – short linker, AP447 – long linker) of AP205 coat protein."} {"question_id": 976, "question": "Did the application of GABA affect microglia motility in the spinal dorsal horn?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2857828_F3_62531.jpg", "report": "Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 977, "question": "Were amoeboid cells observed in the study on microglia motility?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2857828_F3_62531.jpg", "report": "Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 978, "question": "Did the application of morphine result in a change in microglia motility?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2857828_F3_62531.jpg", "report": "Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 979, "question": "Was the effect of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on microglia motility measured over a period of 15 minutes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2857828_F3_62531.jpg", "report": "Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 980, "question": "Does the control group exhibit irregular fibrous repair?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3018382_F6_83675.jpg", "report": "HE staining of the control (non-HBO, non-fibrin) group show irregular fibrous repair (R). At 12 weeks, original magnification × 25."} {"question_id": 981, "question": "Is the original magnification of the HE staining × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3018382_F6_83675.jpg", "report": "HE staining of the control (non-HBO, non-fibrin) group show irregular fibrous repair (R). At 12 weeks, original magnification × 25."} {"question_id": 982, "question": "Was the observation period for the control group set at 12 weeks?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3018382_F6_83675.jpg", "report": "HE staining of the control (non-HBO, non-fibrin) group show irregular fibrous repair (R). At 12 weeks, original magnification × 25."} {"question_id": 983, "question": "Does the control group include hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3018382_F6_83675.jpg", "report": "HE staining of the control (non-HBO, non-fibrin) group show irregular fibrous repair (R). At 12 weeks, original magnification × 25."} {"question_id": 984, "question": "Can BCAC be identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining due to basophilic nuclei of atypical cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2678864_F0006_38089.jpg", "report": "The histopathology and β-catenin-immunohistochemistry findings of BCAC from mouse (a and b) and human (c and d) colon specimens. BCAC (circled) can be detected on hematoxylin and eosin stain-stained sections (a and c) based on the intensive basophilic nuclei of atypical cells and a few goblet cells in the lesion. β-catenin-immunohistochemistry shows intensive reactivity in the nuclei and/or cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC (b and d)"} {"question_id": 985, "question": "Are goblet cells entirely absent in the BCAC lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2678864_F0006_38089.jpg", "report": "The histopathology and β-catenin-immunohistochemistry findings of BCAC from mouse (a and b) and human (c and d) colon specimens. BCAC (circled) can be detected on hematoxylin and eosin stain-stained sections (a and c) based on the intensive basophilic nuclei of atypical cells and a few goblet cells in the lesion. β-catenin-immunohistochemistry shows intensive reactivity in the nuclei and/or cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC (b and d)"} {"question_id": 986, "question": "Does β-catenin-immunohistochemistry show reactivity in the nuclei of atypical cells in BCAC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2678864_F0006_38089.jpg", "report": "The histopathology and β-catenin-immunohistochemistry findings of BCAC from mouse (a and b) and human (c and d) colon specimens. BCAC (circled) can be detected on hematoxylin and eosin stain-stained sections (a and c) based on the intensive basophilic nuclei of atypical cells and a few goblet cells in the lesion. β-catenin-immunohistochemistry shows intensive reactivity in the nuclei and/or cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC (b and d)"} {"question_id": 987, "question": "Is β-catenin-immunohistochemistry non-reactive in the cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2678864_F0006_38089.jpg", "report": "The histopathology and β-catenin-immunohistochemistry findings of BCAC from mouse (a and b) and human (c and d) colon specimens. BCAC (circled) can be detected on hematoxylin and eosin stain-stained sections (a and c) based on the intensive basophilic nuclei of atypical cells and a few goblet cells in the lesion. β-catenin-immunohistochemistry shows intensive reactivity in the nuclei and/or cytoplasms of atypical cells that form BCAC (b and d)"} {"question_id": 988, "question": "Were the CT26 cells seeded at a density of ~2 × 10⁵ cells/ml?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1373622_F4_4572.jpg", "report": "CT26 cell morphology during the course of FasL analysis. Cell lines were seeded at ~2 × 105 cells/ml in 6 well plates to achieve 20% confluency 18 hours later. This point was defined as 0 hr. After 72 hrs, cells had reached ~80–90% confluency."} {"question_id": 989, "question": "Did the CT26 cells reach 80–90% confluency after 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1373622_F4_4572.jpg", "report": "CT26 cell morphology during the course of FasL analysis. Cell lines were seeded at ~2 × 105 cells/ml in 6 well plates to achieve 20% confluency 18 hours later. This point was defined as 0 hr. After 72 hrs, cells had reached ~80–90% confluency."} {"question_id": 990, "question": "Is the initial confluency of CT26 cells defined as 20% after 18 hours of seeding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1373622_F4_4572.jpg", "report": "CT26 cell morphology during the course of FasL analysis. Cell lines were seeded at ~2 × 105 cells/ml in 6 well plates to achieve 20% confluency 18 hours later. This point was defined as 0 hr. After 72 hrs, cells had reached ~80–90% confluency."} {"question_id": 991, "question": "Were the CT26 cells analyzed after reaching 100% confluency?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1373622_F4_4572.jpg", "report": "CT26 cell morphology during the course of FasL analysis. Cell lines were seeded at ~2 × 105 cells/ml in 6 well plates to achieve 20% confluency 18 hours later. This point was defined as 0 hr. After 72 hrs, cells had reached ~80–90% confluency."} {"question_id": 992, "question": "Are kDNA networks visible in electron micrographs of TbPIF5 overexpression cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743194_ppat-1000589-g004_45917.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of kDNA networks from TbPIF5 overexpression cells.(A) and (B), kDNA isolated from wild-type cells. (C–E), kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells six days after induction. Arrow, maxicircle loops. Bar, 500 nm."} {"question_id": 993, "question": "Did the study include kDNA isolated from wild-type cells for comparison?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743194_ppat-1000589-g004_45917.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of kDNA networks from TbPIF5 overexpression cells.(A) and (B), kDNA isolated from wild-type cells. (C–E), kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells six days after induction. Arrow, maxicircle loops. Bar, 500 nm."} {"question_id": 994, "question": "Is the bar indicating scale in the electron micrographs 1,000 nm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2743194_ppat-1000589-g004_45917.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of kDNA networks from TbPIF5 overexpression cells.(A) and (B), kDNA isolated from wild-type cells. (C–E), kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells six days after induction. Arrow, maxicircle loops. Bar, 500 nm."} {"question_id": 995, "question": "Are maxicircle loops absent in the kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2743194_ppat-1000589-g004_45917.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of kDNA networks from TbPIF5 overexpression cells.(A) and (B), kDNA isolated from wild-type cells. (C–E), kDNA isolated from TbPIF5 overexpression cells six days after induction. Arrow, maxicircle loops. Bar, 500 nm."} {"question_id": 996, "question": "Are the filamentous tau inclusions in the spinal cord of 5-month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice labeled by FSB?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2726283_fig5_43383.jpg", "report": "FSB labels filamentous tau inclusions in vivo. Five month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of 0.1% FSB. One hour (A), 2 h (B) and 4 h (C) after the injection the mice were perfused, the spinal cord sectioned and analysed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 150 μm. (D), Motor neurons labelled following the intravenous injection of FSB were also immunoreactive with anti-tau antibody AT8. Scale bar, 60 μm."} {"question_id": 997, "question": "Is the scale bar for the confocal microscopy images 200 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2726283_fig5_43383.jpg", "report": "FSB labels filamentous tau inclusions in vivo. Five month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of 0.1% FSB. One hour (A), 2 h (B) and 4 h (C) after the injection the mice were perfused, the spinal cord sectioned and analysed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 150 μm. (D), Motor neurons labelled following the intravenous injection of FSB were also immunoreactive with anti-tau antibody AT8. Scale bar, 60 μm."} {"question_id": 998, "question": "Are the motor neurons in the spinal cord of these mice immunoreactive with an anti-tau antibody after FSB injection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2726283_fig5_43383.jpg", "report": "FSB labels filamentous tau inclusions in vivo. Five month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of 0.1% FSB. One hour (A), 2 h (B) and 4 h (C) after the injection the mice were perfused, the spinal cord sectioned and analysed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 150 μm. (D), Motor neurons labelled following the intravenous injection of FSB were also immunoreactive with anti-tau antibody AT8. Scale bar, 60 μm."} {"question_id": 999, "question": "Were the mice perfused 6 hours after the FSB injection for analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2726283_fig5_43383.jpg", "report": "FSB labels filamentous tau inclusions in vivo. Five month-old human P301S tau transgenic mice received a single intravenous injection of 0.1% FSB. One hour (A), 2 h (B) and 4 h (C) after the injection the mice were perfused, the spinal cord sectioned and analysed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 150 μm. (D), Motor neurons labelled following the intravenous injection of FSB were also immunoreactive with anti-tau antibody AT8. Scale bar, 60 μm."} {"question_id": 1000, "question": "Does TCRV infection in AG129 mice cause histopathologic changes in the liver?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2940843_pone-0012760-g004_73831.jpg", "report": "Histologic examination of liver and spleen sections from TCRV-infected AG129 mice.Representative A) liver and B) spleen histopathology on day 8 of TCRV infection in AG129 mice. C) Liver and D) spleen tissue from healthy sham-infected mice. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin."} {"question_id": 1001, "question": "Are the spleen tissues from healthy sham-infected mice used as a control in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2940843_pone-0012760-g004_73831.jpg", "report": "Histologic examination of liver and spleen sections from TCRV-infected AG129 mice.Representative A) liver and B) spleen histopathology on day 8 of TCRV infection in AG129 mice. C) Liver and D) spleen tissue from healthy sham-infected mice. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin."} {"question_id": 1002, "question": "Were the tissues from TCRV-infected AG129 mice stained with Masson's trichrome?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2940843_pone-0012760-g004_73831.jpg", "report": "Histologic examination of liver and spleen sections from TCRV-infected AG129 mice.Representative A) liver and B) spleen histopathology on day 8 of TCRV infection in AG129 mice. C) Liver and D) spleen tissue from healthy sham-infected mice. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin."} {"question_id": 1003, "question": "Are the histologic changes in the liver and spleen of TCRV-infected AG129 mice visible by day 8 of infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2940843_pone-0012760-g004_73831.jpg", "report": "Histologic examination of liver and spleen sections from TCRV-infected AG129 mice.Representative A) liver and B) spleen histopathology on day 8 of TCRV infection in AG129 mice. C) Liver and D) spleen tissue from healthy sham-infected mice. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin."} {"question_id": 1004, "question": "Is the histological analysis of gastric carcinoma typically performed using H&E staining? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409904_fig2_23833.jpg", "report": "(A–C) Gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype. (A) Histological features (H&E, original magnification × 400). (B) Human gastric mucin is expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (45M1, original magnification × 400). (C) MUC6 glycoprotein is also expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (CLH5, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 1005, "question": "Is human gastric mucin expressed in the cancer cell nucleus in gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409904_fig2_23833.jpg", "report": "(A–C) Gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype. (A) Histological features (H&E, original magnification × 400). (B) Human gastric mucin is expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (45M1, original magnification × 400). (C) MUC6 glycoprotein is also expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (CLH5, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 1006, "question": "Can the MUC6 glycoprotein be found in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in gastric carcinoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409904_fig2_23833.jpg", "report": "(A–C) Gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype. (A) Histological features (H&E, original magnification × 400). (B) Human gastric mucin is expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (45M1, original magnification × 400). (C) MUC6 glycoprotein is also expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (CLH5, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 1007, "question": "Is the original magnification for the provided histological features less than × 400? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409904_fig2_23833.jpg", "report": "(A–C) Gastric carcinoma of the G-phenotype. (A) Histological features (H&E, original magnification × 400). (B) Human gastric mucin is expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (45M1, original magnification × 400). (C) MUC6 glycoprotein is also expressed in the cancer cell cytoplasm (CLH5, original magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 1008, "question": "Are HCECs cultured in the 25%ESC-CM group able to maintain their morphology until passage 6 (P6)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850933_f3_61395.jpg", "report": "The morphology and cell size of HCECs cultured in the CEM group and the 25%ESC-CM group. The 25%ESC-CM group maintained the morphology and cell size of HCECs until passage (P6)."} {"question_id": 1010, "question": "Is the cell size of HCECs mentioned as being altered in the 25%ESC-CM group?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2850933_f3_61395.jpg", "report": "The morphology and cell size of HCECs cultured in the CEM group and the 25%ESC-CM group. The 25%ESC-CM group maintained the morphology and cell size of HCECs until passage (P6)."} {"question_id": 1011, "question": "Are both morphology and cell size of HCECs maintained in the 25%ESC-CM group?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850933_f3_61395.jpg", "report": "The morphology and cell size of HCECs cultured in the CEM group and the 25%ESC-CM group. The 25%ESC-CM group maintained the morphology and cell size of HCECs until passage (P6)."} {"question_id": 1012, "question": "Are the representative cells observed under a transmission electron microscope after labeling?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876065_F4_64837.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm."} {"question_id": 1013, "question": "Are the black arrows indicating QD aggregates in the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2876065_F4_64837.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm."} {"question_id": 1014, "question": "Are the higher magnifications of the squared areas shown in the right columns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876065_F4_64837.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm."} {"question_id": 1015, "question": "Are the bars in the images 1000 nm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2876065_F4_64837.jpg", "report": "Transmission electron microscope observation of intracellular QD distribution in ESCs and MEFs. Representative cells at 6, 24, 48 hours after labeling are shown. Higher magnifications of the squared area in the left columns at each time point are shown in the right columns for both ESCs and MEFs. Black arrows: vesicles; White arrows: QD aggregates; Bars: 500 nm."} {"question_id": 1016, "question": "Are the positively charged residues of the three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome shown in blue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2474615_F7_25519.jpg", "report": "Three-dimensional models of three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome. Top row shows the solid ribbon models. Segments are color coded as in Figure 1. Middle and bottom (180° rotation) rows show the electrostatic potential of both the surface. The positively and negatively charged residues are shown in blue and red colors, respectively, and the hydrophobic residues are shown in white color."} {"question_id": 1017, "question": "Do the hydrophobic residues of the three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii appear in red?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2474615_F7_25519.jpg", "report": "Three-dimensional models of three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome. Top row shows the solid ribbon models. Segments are color coded as in Figure 1. Middle and bottom (180° rotation) rows show the electrostatic potential of both the surface. The positively and negatively charged residues are shown in blue and red colors, respectively, and the hydrophobic residues are shown in white color."} {"question_id": 1018, "question": "Is the electrostatic potential of the three-finger toxins shown on the surface in the provided models?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2474615_F7_25519.jpg", "report": "Three-dimensional models of three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome. Top row shows the solid ribbon models. Segments are color coded as in Figure 1. Middle and bottom (180° rotation) rows show the electrostatic potential of both the surface. The positively and negatively charged residues are shown in blue and red colors, respectively, and the hydrophobic residues are shown in white color."} {"question_id": 1019, "question": "Are the three-dimensional models of the three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii only shown in solid ribbon form?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2474615_F7_25519.jpg", "report": "Three-dimensional models of three-finger toxins from S. catenatus edwardsii venom gland transcriptome. Top row shows the solid ribbon models. Segments are color coded as in Figure 1. Middle and bottom (180° rotation) rows show the electrostatic potential of both the surface. The positively and negatively charged residues are shown in blue and red colors, respectively, and the hydrophobic residues are shown in white color."} {"question_id": 1020, "question": "Does FN treatment induce changes in dendritic cell morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2856673_pone-0010123-g001_62414.jpg", "report": "FN and LMN induce changes in DC morphology.\nA, SEM images of ECM-treated DC taken after 48 h of culture over FN or LMN-coated coverslips. Different magnifications were used to better visualize the whole cell morphology. B, Cell perimeter measurements based on light microscopy images. Results represent average values of at least 50 cells in each condition plus standard deviations."} {"question_id": 1021, "question": "Are the dendritic cells treated with FN or LMN observed under a microscope after 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2856673_pone-0010123-g001_62414.jpg", "report": "FN and LMN induce changes in DC morphology.\nA, SEM images of ECM-treated DC taken after 48 h of culture over FN or LMN-coated coverslips. Different magnifications were used to better visualize the whole cell morphology. B, Cell perimeter measurements based on light microscopy images. Results represent average values of at least 50 cells in each condition plus standard deviations."} {"question_id": 1022, "question": "Is the cell perimeter measurement based on light microscopy images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2856673_pone-0010123-g001_62414.jpg", "report": "FN and LMN induce changes in DC morphology.\nA, SEM images of ECM-treated DC taken after 48 h of culture over FN or LMN-coated coverslips. Different magnifications were used to better visualize the whole cell morphology. B, Cell perimeter measurements based on light microscopy images. Results represent average values of at least 50 cells in each condition plus standard deviations."} {"question_id": 1023, "question": "Were at least 100 cells measured in each condition for the cell perimeter analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2856673_pone-0010123-g001_62414.jpg", "report": "FN and LMN induce changes in DC morphology.\nA, SEM images of ECM-treated DC taken after 48 h of culture over FN or LMN-coated coverslips. Different magnifications were used to better visualize the whole cell morphology. B, Cell perimeter measurements based on light microscopy images. Results represent average values of at least 50 cells in each condition plus standard deviations."} {"question_id": 1024, "question": "Does the histopathological examination of the mouse lungs occur 8 days after infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045344_F3_88204.jpg", "report": "Histopathological observation of the lungs of virus-inoculated mice. On day 8 after infection, the lungs were removed from the mice under anesthesia and subjected to histopathological examination. Lung section of the mouse co-inoculated with mannan is also shown."} {"question_id": 1025, "question": "Were the mice subjected to the examination without anesthesia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045344_F3_88204.jpg", "report": "Histopathological observation of the lungs of virus-inoculated mice. On day 8 after infection, the lungs were removed from the mice under anesthesia and subjected to histopathological examination. Lung section of the mouse co-inoculated with mannan is also shown."} {"question_id": 1026, "question": "Is mannan used in the co-inoculation of the mouse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3045344_F3_88204.jpg", "report": "Histopathological observation of the lungs of virus-inoculated mice. On day 8 after infection, the lungs were removed from the mice under anesthesia and subjected to histopathological examination. Lung section of the mouse co-inoculated with mannan is also shown."} {"question_id": 1027, "question": "Are the lungs from virus-inoculated mice examined histopathologically before day 8?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3045344_F3_88204.jpg", "report": "Histopathological observation of the lungs of virus-inoculated mice. On day 8 after infection, the lungs were removed from the mice under anesthesia and subjected to histopathological examination. Lung section of the mouse co-inoculated with mannan is also shown."} {"question_id": 1028, "question": "Does the confocal microscopy analysis show actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741108_fig5_45787.jpg", "report": "Analysis of cytoskeletal reorganisation by confocal microscopy on PANC-1 PC cells after 48 h exposure to ZOL (15 μM). The figure shows actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings. The cells were examined under a confocal microscope at a magnification of × 100. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar."} {"question_id": 1029, "question": "Were PANC-1 PC cells exposed to ZOL for 24 hours? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2741108_fig5_45787.jpg", "report": "Analysis of cytoskeletal reorganisation by confocal microscopy on PANC-1 PC cells after 48 h exposure to ZOL (15 μM). The figure shows actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings. The cells were examined under a confocal microscope at a magnification of × 100. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar."} {"question_id": 1030, "question": "Is the magnification used for examining the cells × 100? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2741108_fig5_45787.jpg", "report": "Analysis of cytoskeletal reorganisation by confocal microscopy on PANC-1 PC cells after 48 h exposure to ZOL (15 μM). The figure shows actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings. The cells were examined under a confocal microscope at a magnification of × 100. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar."} {"question_id": 1031, "question": "Was the experiment performed only once? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2741108_fig5_45787.jpg", "report": "Analysis of cytoskeletal reorganisation by confocal microscopy on PANC-1 PC cells after 48 h exposure to ZOL (15 μM). The figure shows actin architecture rearrangements in cortical rings. The cells were examined under a confocal microscope at a magnification of × 100. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar."} {"question_id": 1032, "question": "Is the colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of CD56 positive immune cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2912265_F1_70173.jpg", "report": "Sections of colorectal adenocarcinoma with results of the immunostaining: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Foxp3 (magnification × 100). The CD56- section (magnification X40) reveals no CD56 positive immune cells (considered as NK negative tumor) but staining of Meisner plexus used as interne positive control."} {"question_id": 1033, "question": "Does the immunostaining section reveal the presence of CD3 positive cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2912265_F1_70173.jpg", "report": "Sections of colorectal adenocarcinoma with results of the immunostaining: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Foxp3 (magnification × 100). The CD56- section (magnification X40) reveals no CD56 positive immune cells (considered as NK negative tumor) but staining of Meisner plexus used as interne positive control."} {"question_id": 1034, "question": "Is the Meisner plexus used as an internal positive control in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2912265_F1_70173.jpg", "report": "Sections of colorectal adenocarcinoma with results of the immunostaining: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Foxp3 (magnification × 100). The CD56- section (magnification X40) reveals no CD56 positive immune cells (considered as NK negative tumor) but staining of Meisner plexus used as interne positive control."} {"question_id": 1035, "question": "Can the absence of CD56 positive cells indicate that the tumor is NK negative?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2912265_F1_70173.jpg", "report": "Sections of colorectal adenocarcinoma with results of the immunostaining: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Foxp3 (magnification × 100). The CD56- section (magnification X40) reveals no CD56 positive immune cells (considered as NK negative tumor) but staining of Meisner plexus used as interne positive control."} {"question_id": 1036, "question": "Were macrophages identified in the skin biopsy taken after the administration of MDX-H210?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395280_fig9_23263.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy taken 3 days after the administration of MDX-H210 (patient #21) was stained for macrophages and PMN. Macrophages (arrow) were stained with a CD68 antibody, and PMN (arrow) with chloroacetate esterase. A skin biopsy from the same patient taken before the start of treatment showed no relevant infiltration with macrophages and PMN."} {"question_id": 1037, "question": "Did the skin biopsy taken before the start of treatment show significant infiltration with macrophages?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2395280_fig9_23263.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy taken 3 days after the administration of MDX-H210 (patient #21) was stained for macrophages and PMN. Macrophages (arrow) were stained with a CD68 antibody, and PMN (arrow) with chloroacetate esterase. A skin biopsy from the same patient taken before the start of treatment showed no relevant infiltration with macrophages and PMN."} {"question_id": 1038, "question": "Were PMN stained with a CD68 antibody in the skin biopsy taken after the administration of MDX-H210?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2395280_fig9_23263.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy taken 3 days after the administration of MDX-H210 (patient #21) was stained for macrophages and PMN. Macrophages (arrow) were stained with a CD68 antibody, and PMN (arrow) with chloroacetate esterase. A skin biopsy from the same patient taken before the start of treatment showed no relevant infiltration with macrophages and PMN."} {"question_id": 1039, "question": "Was chloroacetate esterase used to stain PMN in the biopsy taken after MDX-H210 administration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395280_fig9_23263.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy taken 3 days after the administration of MDX-H210 (patient #21) was stained for macrophages and PMN. Macrophages (arrow) were stained with a CD68 antibody, and PMN (arrow) with chloroacetate esterase. A skin biopsy from the same patient taken before the start of treatment showed no relevant infiltration with macrophages and PMN."} {"question_id": 1040, "question": "Are pliable ceratopsian vessels visible at 650× magnification in the SEM image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2953520_pone-0013334-g013_75677.jpg", "report": "SEM and EDS results of ceratopsian specimen BMR P2006.4.1.A) SEM image at 650× magnification of pliable ceratopsian vessels. B) SEM image at 4,500× magnification of framboids identified in pliable ceratopsian vessels. C) EDS signature of framboids, rich in iron."} {"question_id": 1041, "question": "Do framboids identified in the pliable ceratopsian vessels have a high concentration of calcium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2953520_pone-0013334-g013_75677.jpg", "report": "SEM and EDS results of ceratopsian specimen BMR P2006.4.1.A) SEM image at 650× magnification of pliable ceratopsian vessels. B) SEM image at 4,500× magnification of framboids identified in pliable ceratopsian vessels. C) EDS signature of framboids, rich in iron."} {"question_id": 1042, "question": "Can framboids in the pliable ceratopsian vessels be observed at 4,500× magnification in the SEM image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2953520_pone-0013334-g013_75677.jpg", "report": "SEM and EDS results of ceratopsian specimen BMR P2006.4.1.A) SEM image at 650× magnification of pliable ceratopsian vessels. B) SEM image at 4,500× magnification of framboids identified in pliable ceratopsian vessels. C) EDS signature of framboids, rich in iron."} {"question_id": 1043, "question": "Is the EDS signature of the framboids rich in aluminum?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2953520_pone-0013334-g013_75677.jpg", "report": "SEM and EDS results of ceratopsian specimen BMR P2006.4.1.A) SEM image at 650× magnification of pliable ceratopsian vessels. B) SEM image at 4,500× magnification of framboids identified in pliable ceratopsian vessels. C) EDS signature of framboids, rich in iron."} {"question_id": 1046, "question": "Were the morphological observations conducted at an actual magnification of 100×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2667431_F4_37095.jpg", "report": "Morphological observation with May-Grunwald-Giemsa's staining at actual magnification 100×. HepG2 cells were treated for 24 (A), 48 (C) and 72 (E) hours with 12.5 μg mL-1 of P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract while untreated HepG2 cells were grow in complete medium for 24 (B), 48 (D) and 72 (F) hours. The white arrows indicated apoptotic bodies. The figures shown are representative of three independent experiments (n = 3)."} {"question_id": 1049, "question": "Does the use of siRNA target cellular mRNA export factors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3052562_f4_89573.jpg", "report": "Effect of siRNA depletion of cellular mRNA export factors on viral mRNA localization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against the labelled proteins, infected with virus and positive-sense transcripts from the indicated segments detected by FISH followed by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1050, "question": "Are the 293T cells used in the experiment infected with a virus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3052562_f4_89573.jpg", "report": "Effect of siRNA depletion of cellular mRNA export factors on viral mRNA localization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against the labelled proteins, infected with virus and positive-sense transcripts from the indicated segments detected by FISH followed by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1051, "question": "Is Western Blot analysis used to detect positive-sense transcripts in this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3052562_f4_89573.jpg", "report": "Effect of siRNA depletion of cellular mRNA export factors on viral mRNA localization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against the labelled proteins, infected with virus and positive-sense transcripts from the indicated segments detected by FISH followed by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1052, "question": "Is confocal microscopy utilized to observe the localization of viral mRNA?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3052562_f4_89573.jpg", "report": "Effect of siRNA depletion of cellular mRNA export factors on viral mRNA localization. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against the labelled proteins, infected with virus and positive-sense transcripts from the indicated segments detected by FISH followed by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1053, "question": "Are metaplastic cells often found in the respiratory epithelium of the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895880_F0001_68036.jpg", "report": "Metaplastic cells with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderately hyperchromatic chromatin that on biopsy showed CIN1 (Conventional smear, Papanicolaou stain × 600)."} {"question_id": 1054, "question": "Is an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio indicative of cellular abnormality?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895880_F0001_68036.jpg", "report": "Metaplastic cells with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderately hyperchromatic chromatin that on biopsy showed CIN1 (Conventional smear, Papanicolaou stain × 600)."} {"question_id": 1055, "question": "Does CIN1 refer to a mild form of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895880_F0001_68036.jpg", "report": "Metaplastic cells with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderately hyperchromatic chromatin that on biopsy showed CIN1 (Conventional smear, Papanicolaou stain × 600)."} {"question_id": 1056, "question": "Are metaplastic cells with hyperchromatic chromatin always malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895880_F0001_68036.jpg", "report": "Metaplastic cells with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderately hyperchromatic chromatin that on biopsy showed CIN1 (Conventional smear, Papanicolaou stain × 600)."} {"question_id": 1057, "question": "Are there ASIC3+/TRPV1+/NF68- neurons present in the DRG after DiI injection into the pleural cavity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1524950_F8_6311.jpg", "report": "Quadruple-labelling (accumulation of fluorescent tracer plus triple-labelling immunohistochemistry) of DRG neurons after DiI injection into the pleural cavity, showing A) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68-, B) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68+, C) ASIC3+/TRPV1+/NF68-, and D) ASIC3-/TRPV1+/NF68+ patterns of immunoreactivity. Bar represents 50 μm throughout."} {"question_id": 1059, "question": "Is TRPV1 immunoreactivity observed in any of the DRG neurons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1524950_F8_6311.jpg", "report": "Quadruple-labelling (accumulation of fluorescent tracer plus triple-labelling immunohistochemistry) of DRG neurons after DiI injection into the pleural cavity, showing A) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68-, B) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68+, C) ASIC3+/TRPV1+/NF68-, and D) ASIC3-/TRPV1+/NF68+ patterns of immunoreactivity. Bar represents 50 μm throughout."} {"question_id": 1060, "question": "Are all DRG neurons showing NF68+ immunoreactivity also ASIC3+?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1524950_F8_6311.jpg", "report": "Quadruple-labelling (accumulation of fluorescent tracer plus triple-labelling immunohistochemistry) of DRG neurons after DiI injection into the pleural cavity, showing A) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68-, B) ASIC3+/TRPV1-/NF68+, C) ASIC3+/TRPV1+/NF68-, and D) ASIC3-/TRPV1+/NF68+ patterns of immunoreactivity. Bar represents 50 μm throughout."} {"question_id": 1061, "question": "Were macroscopic surface metastases observed in all lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2265554_pone-0001828-g005_18682.jpg", "report": "Lung metastases' macroscopic analysis.At 45 days after tumor cells injection, the animals injected with K5L and K5L-Luc cells were sacrificed. Macroscopic surface metastases were observed in all lungs (A). The lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells were removed and stained with India ink (B).Using IVIS we analyzed lungs of animals injected with K5L-Luc cells (C). When the isolated lungs were exposed to X-ray, the latter highlighted calcified metastasis (D, yellow arrow)."} {"question_id": 1062, "question": "Were the lungs of the mice injected with K5L-Luc cells stained with India ink?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2265554_pone-0001828-g005_18682.jpg", "report": "Lung metastases' macroscopic analysis.At 45 days after tumor cells injection, the animals injected with K5L and K5L-Luc cells were sacrificed. Macroscopic surface metastases were observed in all lungs (A). The lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells were removed and stained with India ink (B).Using IVIS we analyzed lungs of animals injected with K5L-Luc cells (C). When the isolated lungs were exposed to X-ray, the latter highlighted calcified metastasis (D, yellow arrow)."} {"question_id": 1063, "question": "Did the X-ray exposure highlight calcified metastasis in the isolated lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2265554_pone-0001828-g005_18682.jpg", "report": "Lung metastases' macroscopic analysis.At 45 days after tumor cells injection, the animals injected with K5L and K5L-Luc cells were sacrificed. Macroscopic surface metastases were observed in all lungs (A). The lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells were removed and stained with India ink (B).Using IVIS we analyzed lungs of animals injected with K5L-Luc cells (C). When the isolated lungs were exposed to X-ray, the latter highlighted calcified metastasis (D, yellow arrow)."} {"question_id": 1064, "question": "Was the presence of calcified metastasis indicated using IVIS analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2265554_pone-0001828-g005_18682.jpg", "report": "Lung metastases' macroscopic analysis.At 45 days after tumor cells injection, the animals injected with K5L and K5L-Luc cells were sacrificed. Macroscopic surface metastases were observed in all lungs (A). The lungs of the mice injected with K5L cells were removed and stained with India ink (B).Using IVIS we analyzed lungs of animals injected with K5L-Luc cells (C). When the isolated lungs were exposed to X-ray, the latter highlighted calcified metastasis (D, yellow arrow)."} {"question_id": 1065, "question": "Are the hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings observed in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26216.jpg", "report": "Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm."} {"question_id": 1066, "question": "Were the seedlings treated with continuous white light (cW) for 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26216.jpg", "report": "Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm."} {"question_id": 1068, "question": "Is the bar indicating a scale of 10 mm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26216.jpg", "report": "Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm."} {"question_id": 1069, "question": "Are melanized appressoria observed in rice leaves inoculated with conidia from the Ku80 strain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3024261_ppat-1001261-g003_84909.jpg", "report": "Appressorium formation assays with intact rice leaves.\nA. Rice leaves inoculated with conidia from strains Ku80, M6 (Momsb2), and MS88 (Mosho1 Momsb2). Melanized appressoria were observed 24 hpi. B. Appressoria formed by the same set of strains on rice leaf surface examined under SEM. The mutants produced appressoria at the tip of long germ tubes. Bar = 10 µm. Arrows marked appressoria."} {"question_id": 1070, "question": "Do the mutants produce appressoria at the base of short germ tubes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3024261_ppat-1001261-g003_84909.jpg", "report": "Appressorium formation assays with intact rice leaves.\nA. Rice leaves inoculated with conidia from strains Ku80, M6 (Momsb2), and MS88 (Mosho1 Momsb2). Melanized appressoria were observed 24 hpi. B. Appressoria formed by the same set of strains on rice leaf surface examined under SEM. The mutants produced appressoria at the tip of long germ tubes. Bar = 10 µm. Arrows marked appressoria."} {"question_id": 1072, "question": "Are the bar measurements for the appressoria images 50 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3024261_ppat-1001261-g003_84909.jpg", "report": "Appressorium formation assays with intact rice leaves.\nA. Rice leaves inoculated with conidia from strains Ku80, M6 (Momsb2), and MS88 (Mosho1 Momsb2). Melanized appressoria were observed 24 hpi. B. Appressoria formed by the same set of strains on rice leaf surface examined under SEM. The mutants produced appressoria at the tip of long germ tubes. Bar = 10 µm. Arrows marked appressoria."} {"question_id": 1073, "question": "Did the study involve the use of HCT-8 cells cultured on transwells to assess tight junction formation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2586027_F6_30505.jpg", "report": "Disruption of tight junctions by recombinant toxins. HCT-8 cells on transwells were cultured untill the formation of tight junctions. The polarized monolayers were untreated (A) or treated with 300 ng/ml of rTcdA for 2 hr (B), 4 hr (C), and 6 hr (D); or with rTcdB 300 ng/ml for 2 hr (E), and 4 hr (F). Cells on the transwell membrane were fixed and stained with anti-oocludin and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies, and then visualized under a confocal microscope."} {"question_id": 1074, "question": "Were the polarized monolayers treated with rTcdA for more than 6 hours in any of the experiments?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2586027_F6_30505.jpg", "report": "Disruption of tight junctions by recombinant toxins. HCT-8 cells on transwells were cultured untill the formation of tight junctions. The polarized monolayers were untreated (A) or treated with 300 ng/ml of rTcdA for 2 hr (B), 4 hr (C), and 6 hr (D); or with rTcdB 300 ng/ml for 2 hr (E), and 4 hr (F). Cells on the transwell membrane were fixed and stained with anti-oocludin and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies, and then visualized under a confocal microscope."} {"question_id": 1075, "question": "Was occludin staining used to visualize tight junctions under a confocal microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2586027_F6_30505.jpg", "report": "Disruption of tight junctions by recombinant toxins. HCT-8 cells on transwells were cultured untill the formation of tight junctions. The polarized monolayers were untreated (A) or treated with 300 ng/ml of rTcdA for 2 hr (B), 4 hr (C), and 6 hr (D); or with rTcdB 300 ng/ml for 2 hr (E), and 4 hr (F). Cells on the transwell membrane were fixed and stained with anti-oocludin and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies, and then visualized under a confocal microscope."} {"question_id": 1076, "question": "Did the treatment with rTcdB occur for longer than 4 hours in the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2586027_F6_30505.jpg", "report": "Disruption of tight junctions by recombinant toxins. HCT-8 cells on transwells were cultured untill the formation of tight junctions. The polarized monolayers were untreated (A) or treated with 300 ng/ml of rTcdA for 2 hr (B), 4 hr (C), and 6 hr (D); or with rTcdB 300 ng/ml for 2 hr (E), and 4 hr (F). Cells on the transwell membrane were fixed and stained with anti-oocludin and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies, and then visualized under a confocal microscope."} {"question_id": 1077, "question": "Are electron micrographs used to observe cells at various phases in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3019156_F5_84006.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of cells in large scale culture at various phases, and purified magnetosomes. a, b, c, d,: 1-2 hr, 3-4 hr, 15-16 hr, and 24 hr, respectively, after DO became undetectable. e: purified magnetosomes. For each sample more than 20 micrographs were got and one representative image was selected."} {"question_id": 1078, "question": "Do the electron micrographs show data collected more than 24 hours after DO became undetectable?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3019156_F5_84006.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of cells in large scale culture at various phases, and purified magnetosomes. a, b, c, d,: 1-2 hr, 3-4 hr, 15-16 hr, and 24 hr, respectively, after DO became undetectable. e: purified magnetosomes. For each sample more than 20 micrographs were got and one representative image was selected."} {"question_id": 1080, "question": "Were less than 20 micrographs taken for each sample in the study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3019156_F5_84006.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of cells in large scale culture at various phases, and purified magnetosomes. a, b, c, d,: 1-2 hr, 3-4 hr, 15-16 hr, and 24 hr, respectively, after DO became undetectable. e: purified magnetosomes. For each sample more than 20 micrographs were got and one representative image was selected."} {"question_id": 1082, "question": "Does the high magnification image demonstrate a papillary pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2850546_fig3_61373.jpg", "report": "High magnification demonstrating characteristic cribriform pattern in which multiple cysts are embedded in an island of basaloid cells. Three representative cysts are shown by arrows (Fresh frozen tissue, H & E, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1083, "question": "Are three representative cysts indicated by arrows in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850546_fig3_61373.jpg", "report": "High magnification demonstrating characteristic cribriform pattern in which multiple cysts are embedded in an island of basaloid cells. Three representative cysts are shown by arrows (Fresh frozen tissue, H & E, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1084, "question": "Is the tissue sample stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850546_fig3_61373.jpg", "report": "High magnification demonstrating characteristic cribriform pattern in which multiple cysts are embedded in an island of basaloid cells. Three representative cysts are shown by arrows (Fresh frozen tissue, H & E, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1085, "question": "Is the magnification of the image lower than ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2850546_fig3_61373.jpg", "report": "High magnification demonstrating characteristic cribriform pattern in which multiple cysts are embedded in an island of basaloid cells. Three representative cysts are shown by arrows (Fresh frozen tissue, H & E, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1086, "question": "Does β-catenin stain appear in the membrane and cytoplasm of pleomorphic adenoma in the human salivary gland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows)."} {"question_id": 1087, "question": "Is β-catenin stain absent in the cytoplasm of the mixed tumour in the canine mammary tumour?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows)."} {"question_id": 1088, "question": "Does carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in the human salivary gland show nuclear β-catenin staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows)."} {"question_id": 1089, "question": "Are the arrows indicating the site of β-catenin nuclear staining in metaplastic carcinoma of the canine mammary gland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows)."} {"question_id": 1090, "question": "Is β-catenin staining restricted to the membrane in the pleomorphic adenoma of the human salivary gland?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2233636_F3_17334.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical aspects of β-catenin antigen stain; original magnification, 40×. (A) Pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (B) Mixed tumour in canine mammary tumour with membrane and cytoplasmic β-catenin stain; (C) Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in human salivary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows); (D) Metaplastic carcinoma in canine mammary gland showing β-catenin nuclear stain (arrows)."} {"question_id": 1091, "question": "Are PEC tumor cells positive for CD31? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042371_F4_87714.jpg", "report": "Histological and immunohistochemical profile of PECs. Tumor cells showed marked coagulative necrosis (Hematoxylin-Eosin, x40) (a). In PECs, SMA had a focally cytoplasmic positivity (x40)(b). Nuclear MIB-1 reactivity was documented in PECs (x200)(c). We observed a strong and diffuse membrane reactivity for CD31 in tumor cells (x40)(d). The tumor was negative for all other markers mentioned, including S-100, CKAE1/AE3, CK5, CD30."} {"question_id": 1092, "question": "Is there nuclear MIB-1 reactivity observed in PECs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3042371_F4_87714.jpg", "report": "Histological and immunohistochemical profile of PECs. Tumor cells showed marked coagulative necrosis (Hematoxylin-Eosin, x40) (a). In PECs, SMA had a focally cytoplasmic positivity (x40)(b). Nuclear MIB-1 reactivity was documented in PECs (x200)(c). We observed a strong and diffuse membrane reactivity for CD31 in tumor cells (x40)(d). The tumor was negative for all other markers mentioned, including S-100, CKAE1/AE3, CK5, CD30."} {"question_id": 1093, "question": "Do PEC tumor cells show positivity for S-100? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042371_F4_87714.jpg", "report": "Histological and immunohistochemical profile of PECs. Tumor cells showed marked coagulative necrosis (Hematoxylin-Eosin, x40) (a). In PECs, SMA had a focally cytoplasmic positivity (x40)(b). Nuclear MIB-1 reactivity was documented in PECs (x200)(c). We observed a strong and diffuse membrane reactivity for CD31 in tumor cells (x40)(d). The tumor was negative for all other markers mentioned, including S-100, CKAE1/AE3, CK5, CD30."} {"question_id": 1094, "question": "Is SMA reactivity in PECs primarily nuclear? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3042371_F4_87714.jpg", "report": "Histological and immunohistochemical profile of PECs. Tumor cells showed marked coagulative necrosis (Hematoxylin-Eosin, x40) (a). In PECs, SMA had a focally cytoplasmic positivity (x40)(b). Nuclear MIB-1 reactivity was documented in PECs (x200)(c). We observed a strong and diffuse membrane reactivity for CD31 in tumor cells (x40)(d). The tumor was negative for all other markers mentioned, including S-100, CKAE1/AE3, CK5, CD30."} {"question_id": 1095, "question": "Are the thymic sections from Hexb+/−FcRγ+/+ mice included in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938369_pone-0012105-g002_73407.jpg", "report": "Histological examination of the thymus from Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ\n+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice.H&E staining of paraffin-embedded thymic sections from 13 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, 15 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice. The bottom panels show a higher magnification image of the framed area in the top panels. Cor, cortex; Med, medulla. Arrows indicate vacuolated cells. Scale bars, top panel, 100 µm; bottom panel, 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1097, "question": "Are vacuolated cells indicated by arrows in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938369_pone-0012105-g002_73407.jpg", "report": "Histological examination of the thymus from Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ\n+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice.H&E staining of paraffin-embedded thymic sections from 13 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, 15 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice. The bottom panels show a higher magnification image of the framed area in the top panels. Cor, cortex; Med, medulla. Arrows indicate vacuolated cells. Scale bars, top panel, 100 µm; bottom panel, 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1098, "question": "Is the scale bar in the bottom panel of the images 100 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2938369_pone-0012105-g002_73407.jpg", "report": "Histological examination of the thymus from Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ\n+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice.H&E staining of paraffin-embedded thymic sections from 13 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, 15 week old Hexb\n+/−\nFcRγ+/+, Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ+/+ and Hexb\n−/−\nFcRγ\n−/− mice. The bottom panels show a higher magnification image of the framed area in the top panels. Cor, cortex; Med, medulla. Arrows indicate vacuolated cells. Scale bars, top panel, 100 µm; bottom panel, 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1099, "question": "Can the unique colony morphology of E. medicae strain WSM419 be observed under a light microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3035259_f1_86562.jpg", "report": "Unique colony morphology (Left) and scanning (Center) and transmission (Right) electron micrographs of E. medicae strain WSM419."} {"question_id": 1100, "question": "Are scanning electron micrographs used to observe the internal structures of E. medicae strain WSM419?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3035259_f1_86562.jpg", "report": "Unique colony morphology (Left) and scanning (Center) and transmission (Right) electron micrographs of E. medicae strain WSM419."} {"question_id": 1101, "question": "Does the transmission electron micrograph provide detailed images of E. medicae strain WSM419 at the cellular level?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3035259_f1_86562.jpg", "report": "Unique colony morphology (Left) and scanning (Center) and transmission (Right) electron micrographs of E. medicae strain WSM419."} {"question_id": 1102, "question": "Is it possible to differentiate E. medicae strain WSM419 from other strains solely based on its unique colony morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3035259_f1_86562.jpg", "report": "Unique colony morphology (Left) and scanning (Center) and transmission (Right) electron micrographs of E. medicae strain WSM419."} {"question_id": 1103, "question": "Are K6 cells infected with HHV-6 characterized by margination of the chromatin in the nucleus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2170440_F4_15744.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of infected cells. A. K6 cell infected with HHV-6 (arrows) with margination of the chromatin in the nucleus and extensive vascularization. B. K2 cell showing HIV-1 particles (arrows). It is unclear whether the particles are outside the cell or in a vacuole inside the cell. C. K5 cell showing partial HCV particles inside a vacuole (arrow). D. K6 cell showing HCV particles (arrows). E. Inset showing HCV from Figure 4D."} {"question_id": 1104, "question": "Do K2 cells show HIV-1 particles definitively outside the cell?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2170440_F4_15744.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of infected cells. A. K6 cell infected with HHV-6 (arrows) with margination of the chromatin in the nucleus and extensive vascularization. B. K2 cell showing HIV-1 particles (arrows). It is unclear whether the particles are outside the cell or in a vacuole inside the cell. C. K5 cell showing partial HCV particles inside a vacuole (arrow). D. K6 cell showing HCV particles (arrows). E. Inset showing HCV from Figure 4D."} {"question_id": 1105, "question": "Are HCV particles observed in a vacuole in K5 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2170440_F4_15744.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of infected cells. A. K6 cell infected with HHV-6 (arrows) with margination of the chromatin in the nucleus and extensive vascularization. B. K2 cell showing HIV-1 particles (arrows). It is unclear whether the particles are outside the cell or in a vacuole inside the cell. C. K5 cell showing partial HCV particles inside a vacuole (arrow). D. K6 cell showing HCV particles (arrows). E. Inset showing HCV from Figure 4D."} {"question_id": 1106, "question": "Is there any indication of HHV-6 infection in K2 cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2170440_F4_15744.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs of infected cells. A. K6 cell infected with HHV-6 (arrows) with margination of the chromatin in the nucleus and extensive vascularization. B. K2 cell showing HIV-1 particles (arrows). It is unclear whether the particles are outside the cell or in a vacuole inside the cell. C. K5 cell showing partial HCV particles inside a vacuole (arrow). D. K6 cell showing HCV particles (arrows). E. Inset showing HCV from Figure 4D."} {"question_id": 1107, "question": "Are macrophages present in the lung tissue of the group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2565272_fig15_28658.jpg", "report": "Histopathological photo of lung from a group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component (40 × magnification). An increased number of macrophages are observed with sometimes two or three per alveolus."} {"question_id": 1108, "question": "Is there an increased number of macrophages observed in the alveoli of the lung tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2565272_fig15_28658.jpg", "report": "Histopathological photo of lung from a group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component (40 × magnification). An increased number of macrophages are observed with sometimes two or three per alveolus."} {"question_id": 1109, "question": "Are the macrophages observed in the lung tissue found outside the alveoli?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2565272_fig15_28658.jpg", "report": "Histopathological photo of lung from a group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component (40 × magnification). An increased number of macrophages are observed with sometimes two or three per alveolus."} {"question_id": 1110, "question": "Does the histopathological image show the presence of more than three macrophages per alveolus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2565272_fig15_28658.jpg", "report": "Histopathological photo of lung from a group 3 rat exposed to chrysotile and the sanded component (40 × magnification). An increased number of macrophages are observed with sometimes two or three per alveolus."} {"question_id": 1111, "question": "Is immunoreactivity for CXCR4 observed in vascular endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2893050_f3_67620.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4. Immunoreactivity for CXCR4 was observed in vascular endothelial cells (A: original magnification 100×) and stromal cells (B: original magnification 40×). Double immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 (red) and c-kit (blue). Cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit were observed in the vascular endothelium (arrows) and in close association with blood vessels (arrowheads). C: original magnification 100×."} {"question_id": 1112, "question": "Are CXCR4 and c-kit co-expressed in stromal cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2893050_f3_67620.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4. Immunoreactivity for CXCR4 was observed in vascular endothelial cells (A: original magnification 100×) and stromal cells (B: original magnification 40×). Double immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 (red) and c-kit (blue). Cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit were observed in the vascular endothelium (arrows) and in close association with blood vessels (arrowheads). C: original magnification 100×."} {"question_id": 1113, "question": "Are cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit found in the vascular endothelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2893050_f3_67620.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4. Immunoreactivity for CXCR4 was observed in vascular endothelial cells (A: original magnification 100×) and stromal cells (B: original magnification 40×). Double immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 (red) and c-kit (blue). Cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit were observed in the vascular endothelium (arrows) and in close association with blood vessels (arrowheads). C: original magnification 100×."} {"question_id": 1114, "question": "Is immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4 observed only in the stromal cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2893050_f3_67620.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4. Immunoreactivity for CXCR4 was observed in vascular endothelial cells (A: original magnification 100×) and stromal cells (B: original magnification 40×). Double immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 (red) and c-kit (blue). Cells co-expressing CXCR4 and c-kit were observed in the vascular endothelium (arrows) and in close association with blood vessels (arrowheads). C: original magnification 100×."} {"question_id": 1115, "question": "Is CCL2 stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2875657_F2_64763.jpg", "report": "CCL2 is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were cultured for 24 hours in the absence (a, c) or presence (b) of 50 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cells were subjected to immunostaining with anti-CCL2 antibodies (a, b) or incubated with the second antibody only as a negative control (c), and then analyzed with confocal microscopy, as described in Materials and Methods. Original magnification, ×1,000."} {"question_id": 1116, "question": "Were FLS cultured for 48 hours in the absence or presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2875657_F2_64763.jpg", "report": "CCL2 is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were cultured for 24 hours in the absence (a, c) or presence (b) of 50 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cells were subjected to immunostaining with anti-CCL2 antibodies (a, b) or incubated with the second antibody only as a negative control (c), and then analyzed with confocal microscopy, as described in Materials and Methods. Original magnification, ×1,000."} {"question_id": 1117, "question": "Does the study include a negative control using only the second antibody?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2875657_F2_64763.jpg", "report": "CCL2 is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were cultured for 24 hours in the absence (a, c) or presence (b) of 50 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cells were subjected to immunostaining with anti-CCL2 antibodies (a, b) or incubated with the second antibody only as a negative control (c), and then analyzed with confocal microscopy, as described in Materials and Methods. Original magnification, ×1,000."} {"question_id": 1118, "question": "Were the cells analyzed with electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2875657_F2_64763.jpg", "report": "CCL2 is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were cultured for 24 hours in the absence (a, c) or presence (b) of 50 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cells were subjected to immunostaining with anti-CCL2 antibodies (a, b) or incubated with the second antibody only as a negative control (c), and then analyzed with confocal microscopy, as described in Materials and Methods. Original magnification, ×1,000."} {"question_id": 1119, "question": "Are cysticerci typically associated with Taenia solium infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2440388_F2_24747.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing parts of two cysticerci with intervening lymphoid tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 2× magnification."} {"question_id": 1120, "question": "Is the presence of lymphoid tissue between cysticerci a common histological finding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2440388_F2_24747.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing parts of two cysticerci with intervening lymphoid tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 2× magnification."} {"question_id": 1121, "question": "Are cysticerci usually found in the dermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2440388_F2_24747.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing parts of two cysticerci with intervening lymphoid tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 2× magnification."} {"question_id": 1122, "question": "Is a Hematoxylin and eosin stain commonly used to identify cysticerci in pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2440388_F2_24747.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing parts of two cysticerci with intervening lymphoid tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 2× magnification."} {"question_id": 1123, "question": "Does LGR7 immunostaining appear dark brown in the photomicrograph?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2653634_pone-0004845-g005_35787.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of kidney tissue from virgin (left panel) and pregnant (right panel) rats.Representative LGR7 immunostaining (dark brown) in the cortex (A, 200× magnification), the cortex showing the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 in proximal tubules (B, 400× magnification), glomeruli (C, 400× magnification) and the negative control (D, omission of primary antibody, 200× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1124, "question": "Is the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 observed in the proximal tubules at 200× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2653634_pone-0004845-g005_35787.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of kidney tissue from virgin (left panel) and pregnant (right panel) rats.Representative LGR7 immunostaining (dark brown) in the cortex (A, 200× magnification), the cortex showing the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 in proximal tubules (B, 400× magnification), glomeruli (C, 400× magnification) and the negative control (D, omission of primary antibody, 200× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1125, "question": "Are the images taken from both virgin and pregnant rats?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2653634_pone-0004845-g005_35787.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of kidney tissue from virgin (left panel) and pregnant (right panel) rats.Representative LGR7 immunostaining (dark brown) in the cortex (A, 200× magnification), the cortex showing the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 in proximal tubules (B, 400× magnification), glomeruli (C, 400× magnification) and the negative control (D, omission of primary antibody, 200× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1126, "question": "Is the negative control image obtained by including the primary antibody?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2653634_pone-0004845-g005_35787.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of kidney tissue from virgin (left panel) and pregnant (right panel) rats.Representative LGR7 immunostaining (dark brown) in the cortex (A, 200× magnification), the cortex showing the apical membrane distribution of LGR7 in proximal tubules (B, 400× magnification), glomeruli (C, 400× magnification) and the negative control (D, omission of primary antibody, 200× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1127, "question": "Does the IHC nuclear CK2α staining provide information about cellular proliferation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3040762_pone-0017193-g002_87530.jpg", "report": "The representative IHC nuclear CK2α staining corresponding to\nmean nuclear CK2α labeling index values for different\nparameters.Magnification: 400×."} {"question_id": 1128, "question": "Is the magnification used in the CK2α staining report 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040762_pone-0017193-g002_87530.jpg", "report": "The representative IHC nuclear CK2α staining corresponding to\nmean nuclear CK2α labeling index values for different\nparameters.Magnification: 400×."} {"question_id": 1129, "question": "Can the nuclear CK2α labeling index be used to compare different parameters?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3040762_pone-0017193-g002_87530.jpg", "report": "The representative IHC nuclear CK2α staining corresponding to\nmean nuclear CK2α labeling index values for different\nparameters.Magnification: 400×."} {"question_id": 1130, "question": "Is the CK2α staining observed primarily in the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040762_pone-0017193-g002_87530.jpg", "report": "The representative IHC nuclear CK2α staining corresponding to\nmean nuclear CK2α labeling index values for different\nparameters.Magnification: 400×."} {"question_id": 1131, "question": "Are the mononuclear cells described in the pathology report small to intermediate in size?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1402319_F2_4862.jpg", "report": "A higher magnification of the aspirate from same area as shown in Figure 1 shows small to intermediate sized mononuclear cells with moderate cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear borders, a stippled chromatin pattern and occasional single nucleoli. The cytoplasm is pale grey and granular with hair-like and short, blunt, cytoplasmic projections. (Stain: Diff Quik, Magnification: × 60)."} {"question_id": 1132, "question": "Do the cells exhibit a stippled chromatin pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1402319_F2_4862.jpg", "report": "A higher magnification of the aspirate from same area as shown in Figure 1 shows small to intermediate sized mononuclear cells with moderate cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear borders, a stippled chromatin pattern and occasional single nucleoli. The cytoplasm is pale grey and granular with hair-like and short, blunt, cytoplasmic projections. (Stain: Diff Quik, Magnification: × 60)."} {"question_id": 1133, "question": "Are the cytoplasmic projections described as long and filamentous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1402319_F2_4862.jpg", "report": "A higher magnification of the aspirate from same area as shown in Figure 1 shows small to intermediate sized mononuclear cells with moderate cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear borders, a stippled chromatin pattern and occasional single nucleoli. The cytoplasm is pale grey and granular with hair-like and short, blunt, cytoplasmic projections. (Stain: Diff Quik, Magnification: × 60)."} {"question_id": 1134, "question": "Is the cytoplasm of the cells described as bright pink and clear?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1402319_F2_4862.jpg", "report": "A higher magnification of the aspirate from same area as shown in Figure 1 shows small to intermediate sized mononuclear cells with moderate cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei with smooth nuclear borders, a stippled chromatin pattern and occasional single nucleoli. The cytoplasm is pale grey and granular with hair-like and short, blunt, cytoplasmic projections. (Stain: Diff Quik, Magnification: × 60)."} {"question_id": 1135, "question": "Is basement membrane-like material a characteristic feature of adenoid basal lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1564042_F7_7129.jpg", "report": "Small basement membrane-like material may be present in adenoid basal lesions. (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×)"} {"question_id": 1136, "question": "Are adenoid basal lesions typically associated with squamous epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1564042_F7_7129.jpg", "report": "Small basement membrane-like material may be present in adenoid basal lesions. (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×)"} {"question_id": 1137, "question": "Can adenoid basal lesions be identified without the use of hematoxylin and eosin staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1564042_F7_7129.jpg", "report": "Small basement membrane-like material may be present in adenoid basal lesions. (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×)"} {"question_id": 1138, "question": "Are adenoid basal lesions always malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1564042_F7_7129.jpg", "report": "Small basement membrane-like material may be present in adenoid basal lesions. (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×)"} {"question_id": 1139, "question": "Does the wildtype acini show immunoreactivity to the HA epitope in the immunohistochemistry image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2966419_pone-0013751-g001_77482.jpg", "report": "HA-TGF-β1(a) transgenic expression.\nPanel A\n. Representative genomic DNA PCR screen of transgenic litters demonstrating germline transmission. Panel B. RT-PCR for transgene message in the prostate gland. GAPDH amplification serves as an internal control. Panel D. IHC of transgene demonstrates focal expression in ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini. Panel C. Wildtype acini demonstrate no immunoreactivity to HA epitope. Images C and D were captured at ×200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1140, "question": "Is the transgene expression observed in the ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2966419_pone-0013751-g001_77482.jpg", "report": "HA-TGF-β1(a) transgenic expression.\nPanel A\n. Representative genomic DNA PCR screen of transgenic litters demonstrating germline transmission. Panel B. RT-PCR for transgene message in the prostate gland. GAPDH amplification serves as an internal control. Panel D. IHC of transgene demonstrates focal expression in ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini. Panel C. Wildtype acini demonstrate no immunoreactivity to HA epitope. Images C and D were captured at ×200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1141, "question": "Was the RT-PCR performed to check the transgene message in the prostate gland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2966419_pone-0013751-g001_77482.jpg", "report": "HA-TGF-β1(a) transgenic expression.\nPanel A\n. Representative genomic DNA PCR screen of transgenic litters demonstrating germline transmission. Panel B. RT-PCR for transgene message in the prostate gland. GAPDH amplification serves as an internal control. Panel D. IHC of transgene demonstrates focal expression in ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini. Panel C. Wildtype acini demonstrate no immunoreactivity to HA epitope. Images C and D were captured at ×200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1142, "question": "Are the images C and D captured at ×400 magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2966419_pone-0013751-g001_77482.jpg", "report": "HA-TGF-β1(a) transgenic expression.\nPanel A\n. Representative genomic DNA PCR screen of transgenic litters demonstrating germline transmission. Panel B. RT-PCR for transgene message in the prostate gland. GAPDH amplification serves as an internal control. Panel D. IHC of transgene demonstrates focal expression in ventral, lateral, and dorsolateral regions of secretory acini. Panel C. Wildtype acini demonstrate no immunoreactivity to HA epitope. Images C and D were captured at ×200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1143, "question": "Does the fungal growth after 90 days of incubation indicate the presence of a fungal infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2871138_f2-ijms-11-01792_64087.jpg", "report": "Photograph after 90 days of incubation of sample in fungal culture. The fungal growth (≥25%) indicates the biodegradability of the sample 41/Table 8: poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene)."} {"question_id": 1144, "question": "Is the fungal growth less than 25% after 90 days of incubation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2871138_f2-ijms-11-01792_64087.jpg", "report": "Photograph after 90 days of incubation of sample in fungal culture. The fungal growth (≥25%) indicates the biodegradability of the sample 41/Table 8: poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene)."} {"question_id": 1145, "question": "Can the fungal growth be used to indicate biodegradability of the sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2871138_f2-ijms-11-01792_64087.jpg", "report": "Photograph after 90 days of incubation of sample in fungal culture. The fungal growth (≥25%) indicates the biodegradability of the sample 41/Table 8: poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene)."} {"question_id": 1146, "question": "Is the sample in the fungal culture identified as poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2871138_f2-ijms-11-01792_64087.jpg", "report": "Photograph after 90 days of incubation of sample in fungal culture. The fungal growth (≥25%) indicates the biodegradability of the sample 41/Table 8: poly(acetyl methacryloyl sucrose-co-styrene)."} {"question_id": 1147, "question": "Is cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CK20 observed in reactive urothelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2766363_F1_48494.jpg", "report": "Reactive urothelium (A and B) (hematoxylin eosin, original magnifications × 40 (A), × 200 (B)). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in reactive urothelium to CK20 in 1/3 urothelium including umbrella cells (original magnifications × 40 (C), × 200 (D), × 400 (E))."} {"question_id": 1148, "question": "Are the umbrella cells in reactive urothelium negative for CK20 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2766363_F1_48494.jpg", "report": "Reactive urothelium (A and B) (hematoxylin eosin, original magnifications × 40 (A), × 200 (B)). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in reactive urothelium to CK20 in 1/3 urothelium including umbrella cells (original magnifications × 40 (C), × 200 (D), × 400 (E))."} {"question_id": 1149, "question": "Are original magnifications of × 40 and × 200 used to observe reactive urothelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2766363_F1_48494.jpg", "report": "Reactive urothelium (A and B) (hematoxylin eosin, original magnifications × 40 (A), × 200 (B)). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in reactive urothelium to CK20 in 1/3 urothelium including umbrella cells (original magnifications × 40 (C), × 200 (D), × 400 (E))."} {"question_id": 1150, "question": "Is reactive urothelium typically characterized by a complete absence of staining in all urothelial layers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2766363_F1_48494.jpg", "report": "Reactive urothelium (A and B) (hematoxylin eosin, original magnifications × 40 (A), × 200 (B)). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in reactive urothelium to CK20 in 1/3 urothelium including umbrella cells (original magnifications × 40 (C), × 200 (D), × 400 (E))."} {"question_id": 1151, "question": "Is the CD31 immunohistochemical stain used to highlight vascular structures in tissue samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080280_F5_92935.jpg", "report": "CD31 immunohistochemical stain. There are numerous small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus."} {"question_id": 1152, "question": "Are the small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus negative for CD31 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3080280_F5_92935.jpg", "report": "CD31 immunohistochemical stain. There are numerous small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus."} {"question_id": 1153, "question": "Does the presence of numerous small-sized vessels indicate a high vascular component in the cellular blue nevus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080280_F5_92935.jpg", "report": "CD31 immunohistochemical stain. There are numerous small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus."} {"question_id": 1154, "question": "Is CD31 staining typically used to identify epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3080280_F5_92935.jpg", "report": "CD31 immunohistochemical stain. There are numerous small-sized vessels within the stroma of the cellular blue nevus."} {"question_id": 1155, "question": "Are the 3D SHG renderings of normal ovarian biopsies located at the top panels? \n", "answer": "Yes ", "image": "PMC2841668_F2_59731.jpg", "report": "3D SHG renderings (left panels) and H&E staining (right panels) of normal (top) and malignant ovarian biopsies (bottom). The field size for the 3D renderings was 170 microns and the histology cross sections were captured at 40×."} {"question_id": 1156, "question": "Were the histology cross sections captured at 20× magnification? \n", "answer": "No ", "image": "PMC2841668_F2_59731.jpg", "report": "3D SHG renderings (left panels) and H&E staining (right panels) of normal (top) and malignant ovarian biopsies (bottom). The field size for the 3D renderings was 170 microns and the histology cross sections were captured at 40×."} {"question_id": 1157, "question": "Is the field size for the 3D renderings 170 microns? \n", "answer": "Yes ", "image": "PMC2841668_F2_59731.jpg", "report": "3D SHG renderings (left panels) and H&E staining (right panels) of normal (top) and malignant ovarian biopsies (bottom). The field size for the 3D renderings was 170 microns and the histology cross sections were captured at 40×."} {"question_id": 1158, "question": "Are malignant ovarian biopsies shown in the bottom panels? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841668_F2_59731.jpg", "report": "3D SHG renderings (left panels) and H&E staining (right panels) of normal (top) and malignant ovarian biopsies (bottom). The field size for the 3D renderings was 170 microns and the histology cross sections were captured at 40×."} {"question_id": 1159, "question": "Are high expressions of FANCC and PTCH1 indicated in images a and d?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2633285_F6_33511.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of FANCC and PTCH1 (a-c) FANCC expression pattern (d-f) PTCH1 expression pattern. BC samples showing high (a and d) or moderate (b and e) or low (c and f) expression of FANCC and PTCH1 genes respectively. Arrow (→) indicates the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC. All magnifications are at 20×."} {"question_id": 1160, "question": "Is the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC indicated by an arrow?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2633285_F6_33511.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of FANCC and PTCH1 (a-c) FANCC expression pattern (d-f) PTCH1 expression pattern. BC samples showing high (a and d) or moderate (b and e) or low (c and f) expression of FANCC and PTCH1 genes respectively. Arrow (→) indicates the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC. All magnifications are at 20×."} {"question_id": 1161, "question": "Do images b and e show low expressions of FANCC and PTCH1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2633285_F6_33511.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of FANCC and PTCH1 (a-c) FANCC expression pattern (d-f) PTCH1 expression pattern. BC samples showing high (a and d) or moderate (b and e) or low (c and f) expression of FANCC and PTCH1 genes respectively. Arrow (→) indicates the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC. All magnifications are at 20×."} {"question_id": 1162, "question": "Are all the images magnified at 20×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2633285_F6_33511.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry of FANCC and PTCH1 (a-c) FANCC expression pattern (d-f) PTCH1 expression pattern. BC samples showing high (a and d) or moderate (b and e) or low (c and f) expression of FANCC and PTCH1 genes respectively. Arrow (→) indicates the expression pattern of FANCC and PTCH1 in primary BC. All magnifications are at 20×."} {"question_id": 1163, "question": "Is hemophagocytosis present in lymph nodes from a patient with HME?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1559625_F1_6966.jpg", "report": "Hemophagocytosis in lymph nodes from a patient with HME (left) and RMSF (right) (H&E; original magnification 240×)."} {"question_id": 1164, "question": "Are the lymph nodes affected by RMSF free of hemophagocytosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1559625_F1_6966.jpg", "report": "Hemophagocytosis in lymph nodes from a patient with HME (left) and RMSF (right) (H&E; original magnification 240×)."} {"question_id": 1165, "question": "Was the original magnification of the pathology images 240×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1559625_F1_6966.jpg", "report": "Hemophagocytosis in lymph nodes from a patient with HME (left) and RMSF (right) (H&E; original magnification 240×)."} {"question_id": 1167, "question": "Is Rxfp1 mRNA present in the vas deferens after washing to remove spermatozoa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1947996_F2_13009.jpg", "report": "Autoradiograms of the Southern blot analysis of the presence of Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA in the vas deferens (NW = not washed, W = washed to remove spermatozoa) and in spermatozoa removed from the cauda epididymis. The amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens was 2 μL. Exposure to film was 2 h for Rxfp1 and 1 h for Rxfp2 transcripts. Results are representative of 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal."} {"question_id": 1168, "question": "Is the exposure time for Rxfp2 transcripts longer than for Rxfp1 transcripts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1947996_F2_13009.jpg", "report": "Autoradiograms of the Southern blot analysis of the presence of Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA in the vas deferens (NW = not washed, W = washed to remove spermatozoa) and in spermatozoa removed from the cauda epididymis. The amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens was 2 μL. Exposure to film was 2 h for Rxfp1 and 1 h for Rxfp2 transcripts. Results are representative of 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal."} {"question_id": 1169, "question": "Were the results of the Southern blot analysis consistent across multiple animals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1947996_F2_13009.jpg", "report": "Autoradiograms of the Southern blot analysis of the presence of Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA in the vas deferens (NW = not washed, W = washed to remove spermatozoa) and in spermatozoa removed from the cauda epididymis. The amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens was 2 μL. Exposure to film was 2 h for Rxfp1 and 1 h for Rxfp2 transcripts. Results are representative of 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal."} {"question_id": 1170, "question": "Was the amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens more than 2 μL?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1947996_F2_13009.jpg", "report": "Autoradiograms of the Southern blot analysis of the presence of Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 mRNA in the vas deferens (NW = not washed, W = washed to remove spermatozoa) and in spermatozoa removed from the cauda epididymis. The amount of cDNA used from the vas deferens was 2 μL. Exposure to film was 2 h for Rxfp1 and 1 h for Rxfp2 transcripts. Results are representative of 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal."} {"question_id": 1171, "question": "Is the FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA primarily localized to the cytoplasm after several minutes of incubation in MCF-7 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1618402_F4_7521.jpg", "report": "Cytological examination of the labeled DNA distribution in MCF-7 cells. (a) Several minutes incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The main part of the label is localized to the cytoplasm. (b) 14-h incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The label is concentrated in the nucleus and is undetectable in the cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1172, "question": "After 14 hours of incubation, is the FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA still detectable in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1618402_F4_7521.jpg", "report": "Cytological examination of the labeled DNA distribution in MCF-7 cells. (a) Several minutes incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The main part of the label is localized to the cytoplasm. (b) 14-h incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The label is concentrated in the nucleus and is undetectable in the cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1173, "question": "Does the FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA concentrate in the nucleus after 14 hours of incubation in MCF-7 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1618402_F4_7521.jpg", "report": "Cytological examination of the labeled DNA distribution in MCF-7 cells. (a) Several minutes incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The main part of the label is localized to the cytoplasm. (b) 14-h incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The label is concentrated in the nucleus and is undetectable in the cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1174, "question": "Is the localization of FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA in MCF-7 cells consistent between short and long incubation periods?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1618402_F4_7521.jpg", "report": "Cytological examination of the labeled DNA distribution in MCF-7 cells. (a) Several minutes incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The main part of the label is localized to the cytoplasm. (b) 14-h incubation of MCF-7 cells with FITC-labeled fragmented human DNA. The label is concentrated in the nucleus and is undetectable in the cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1175, "question": "Were UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3073898_F4_92157.jpg", "report": "Transient co-localization studies of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP in tobacco. UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP were transiently co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. All pictures were taken with the same magnification. The scale bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1176, "question": "Was the localization of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP examined using fluorescence microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3073898_F4_92157.jpg", "report": "Transient co-localization studies of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP in tobacco. UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP were transiently co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. All pictures were taken with the same magnification. The scale bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1177, "question": "Are the images taken with different magnifications?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3073898_F4_92157.jpg", "report": "Transient co-localization studies of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP in tobacco. UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP were transiently co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. All pictures were taken with the same magnification. The scale bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1178, "question": "Does the scale bar in the images represent 100 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3073898_F4_92157.jpg", "report": "Transient co-localization studies of UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP in tobacco. UGT73C6-YFP and BES1-CFP were transiently co-expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. All pictures were taken with the same magnification. The scale bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1179, "question": "Are the nuclei stained in blue with Hoechst in the provided neurospheres images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42394.jpg", "report": "Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1180, "question": "Is β(III)tubulin stained in red in the provided neurospheres images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42394.jpg", "report": "Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1181, "question": "Are the neurospheres differentiating 8 days after plating?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42394.jpg", "report": "Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1182, "question": "Is GFAP stained in green in the provided neurospheres images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2717141_f1-ehp-117-1131_42394.jpg", "report": "Cellular composition of human neurospheres shown in cryostat sections (10 μm) of proliferating (A and B) and differentiating (8 days after plating; C and D) neurospheres (representatives of five spheres for each developmental stage). Nuclei are stained in blue with Hoechst; nestin and β(III)tubulin are stained in green; and GFAP is stained in red. Individual antibody stainings are shown as contrast images. Bars = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1183, "question": "Are ubiquitin-positive inclusions present in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3000094_f6-ijms-11-04465_80727.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) Saline control (SAL + aCSF); (B) mildronate at 50 mg/kg (M50 + aCSF); (C) 6-OHDA (SAL + 6-OHDA); (D) M50 + 6-OHDA; Arrows indicate cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the 6-OHDA group."} {"question_id": 1184, "question": "Does the saline control group (SAL + aCSF) show ubiquitin-positive inclusions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3000094_f6-ijms-11-04465_80727.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) Saline control (SAL + aCSF); (B) mildronate at 50 mg/kg (M50 + aCSF); (C) 6-OHDA (SAL + 6-OHDA); (D) M50 + 6-OHDA; Arrows indicate cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the 6-OHDA group."} {"question_id": 1185, "question": "Are the ubiquitin-positive inclusions indicated by arrows in the photomicrograph?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3000094_f6-ijms-11-04465_80727.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) Saline control (SAL + aCSF); (B) mildronate at 50 mg/kg (M50 + aCSF); (C) 6-OHDA (SAL + 6-OHDA); (D) M50 + 6-OHDA; Arrows indicate cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the 6-OHDA group."} {"question_id": 1186, "question": "Is the magnification used in the photomicrograph × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3000094_f6-ijms-11-04465_80727.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph showing cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the rat 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum. Immunohistochemical staining, magnification × 400. Internal scale bar = 25 μm. (A) Saline control (SAL + aCSF); (B) mildronate at 50 mg/kg (M50 + aCSF); (C) 6-OHDA (SAL + 6-OHDA); (D) M50 + 6-OHDA; Arrows indicate cells containing ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the 6-OHDA group."} {"question_id": 1187, "question": "Does the immunofluorescence image (A) show two late trophozoites?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014972_F3_83037.jpg", "report": "PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence."} {"question_id": 1188, "question": "Are the scale bars in the images 5 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014972_F3_83037.jpg", "report": "PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence."} {"question_id": 1189, "question": "Is there co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with mitochondria in the mitotic schizonts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014972_F3_83037.jpg", "report": "PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence."} {"question_id": 1190, "question": "Does the co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with mitochondria persist throughout the developmental cycle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014972_F3_83037.jpg", "report": "PfSHMTm immunofluorescence images showing localization in the mitochondrion. (A) Two late trophozoites. (B-D) Mitotic schizonts. (E) Post-mitotic schizont. The images show the persistence of co-localization of PfSHMTm fluorescence with the mitochondria throughout the developmental cycle (scale bars 3 μm). The associated table shows the percentage volume (V%) and material (M%) co-localization data for PfSHMTm (Sm) and MitoTracker (MIT) fluorescence."} {"question_id": 1192, "question": "Is the normal colonic mucosa found on the right side of the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862504_F0004_63305.jpg", "report": "Representative immunhistochemistry staining of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, SOX9 and β-catenin of normal colonic mucosa (left side) and adenoma (right side) in mice subjected to the DSS-AOM (Dextran Sulfate Sodium - Azoxymethane) model of carcinogenesis without treatment (control group) (x200 magnification)"} {"question_id": 1193, "question": "Are Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, SOX9, and β-catenin the markers used in the immunohistochemistry staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2862504_F0004_63305.jpg", "report": "Representative immunhistochemistry staining of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, SOX9 and β-catenin of normal colonic mucosa (left side) and adenoma (right side) in mice subjected to the DSS-AOM (Dextran Sulfate Sodium - Azoxymethane) model of carcinogenesis without treatment (control group) (x200 magnification)"} {"question_id": 1194, "question": "Was the DSS-AOM model used to study carcinogenesis in humans?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2862504_F0004_63305.jpg", "report": "Representative immunhistochemistry staining of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, SOX9 and β-catenin of normal colonic mucosa (left side) and adenoma (right side) in mice subjected to the DSS-AOM (Dextran Sulfate Sodium - Azoxymethane) model of carcinogenesis without treatment (control group) (x200 magnification)"} {"question_id": 1195, "question": "Does Pimonidazole staining identify necrotic tissue in the sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409764_fig1_23781.jpg", "report": "Pimonidazole staining photographs (made with Carl Zeiss KS100 Software). (A) Peripheral view. (B) Central view. Both slices are shown on a magnification × 25. Scale bar is 40 μm. Abbreviations: N=necrosis, V=viable, well-oxygenated tumour tissue, P=PIMO-positive staining and the arrow indicates a blood vessel."} {"question_id": 1196, "question": "Are the slices shown in the photographs magnified at ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409764_fig1_23781.jpg", "report": "Pimonidazole staining photographs (made with Carl Zeiss KS100 Software). (A) Peripheral view. (B) Central view. Both slices are shown on a magnification × 25. Scale bar is 40 μm. Abbreviations: N=necrosis, V=viable, well-oxygenated tumour tissue, P=PIMO-positive staining and the arrow indicates a blood vessel."} {"question_id": 1197, "question": "Is the scale bar in the photographs 40 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2409764_fig1_23781.jpg", "report": "Pimonidazole staining photographs (made with Carl Zeiss KS100 Software). (A) Peripheral view. (B) Central view. Both slices are shown on a magnification × 25. Scale bar is 40 μm. Abbreviations: N=necrosis, V=viable, well-oxygenated tumour tissue, P=PIMO-positive staining and the arrow indicates a blood vessel."} {"question_id": 1198, "question": "Can Pimonidazole staining be used to indicate well-oxygenated tumor tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2409764_fig1_23781.jpg", "report": "Pimonidazole staining photographs (made with Carl Zeiss KS100 Software). (A) Peripheral view. (B) Central view. Both slices are shown on a magnification × 25. Scale bar is 40 μm. Abbreviations: N=necrosis, V=viable, well-oxygenated tumour tissue, P=PIMO-positive staining and the arrow indicates a blood vessel."} {"question_id": 1199, "question": "Does the RNase A·5′-ATP complex include representations of the inhibitor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816359_fig03_56136.jpg", "report": "RNase A·5′-ATP complex (mol A). Shown in stereo are ball-and-stick representations of the inhibitor and RNase A residues in and around the binding site, along with a surface representation of the enzyme. Main chain N, C, and O atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 are omitted for clarity. The coloring scheme is: nucleotide carbon, gold; protein carbon, gray; nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; phosphorus, pink. Spheres denote water molecules and dashed lines denote hydrogen bonds."} {"question_id": 1200, "question": "Are the main chain atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 included in the depiction?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816359_fig03_56136.jpg", "report": "RNase A·5′-ATP complex (mol A). Shown in stereo are ball-and-stick representations of the inhibitor and RNase A residues in and around the binding site, along with a surface representation of the enzyme. Main chain N, C, and O atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 are omitted for clarity. The coloring scheme is: nucleotide carbon, gold; protein carbon, gray; nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; phosphorus, pink. Spheres denote water molecules and dashed lines denote hydrogen bonds."} {"question_id": 1201, "question": "Is the phosphorus atom colored pink in the RNase A·5′-ATP complex?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816359_fig03_56136.jpg", "report": "RNase A·5′-ATP complex (mol A). Shown in stereo are ball-and-stick representations of the inhibitor and RNase A residues in and around the binding site, along with a surface representation of the enzyme. Main chain N, C, and O atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 are omitted for clarity. The coloring scheme is: nucleotide carbon, gold; protein carbon, gray; nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; phosphorus, pink. Spheres denote water molecules and dashed lines denote hydrogen bonds."} {"question_id": 1202, "question": "Are hydrogen bonds represented by solid lines in the RNase A·5′-ATP complex?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816359_fig03_56136.jpg", "report": "RNase A·5′-ATP complex (mol A). Shown in stereo are ball-and-stick representations of the inhibitor and RNase A residues in and around the binding site, along with a surface representation of the enzyme. Main chain N, C, and O atoms of residues K7, Q11, H12, K41, V43, and E111 are omitted for clarity. The coloring scheme is: nucleotide carbon, gold; protein carbon, gray; nitrogen, blue; oxygen, red; phosphorus, pink. Spheres denote water molecules and dashed lines denote hydrogen bonds."} {"question_id": 1203, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical staining of G1 tissue show immunoreactivity throughout the epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2868780_F3_63880.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of positive control (G1) tissue using antibody against COX-2. Immunoreactivity was present throughout the epithelial cells (100× magnification) (1). Immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue using antibody against COX-2 showing weaker staining compared to G1 (100× magnification) (2). Immunohistochemical staining of negative control (G5) tissue using antibody against COX-2 (100× magnification)(3)."} {"question_id": 1204, "question": "Is the immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue stronger than that of G1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2868780_F3_63880.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of positive control (G1) tissue using antibody against COX-2. Immunoreactivity was present throughout the epithelial cells (100× magnification) (1). Immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue using antibody against COX-2 showing weaker staining compared to G1 (100× magnification) (2). Immunohistochemical staining of negative control (G5) tissue using antibody against COX-2 (100× magnification)(3)."} {"question_id": 1205, "question": "Does the negative control (G5) tissue show immunoreactivity using the antibody against COX-2?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2868780_F3_63880.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of positive control (G1) tissue using antibody against COX-2. Immunoreactivity was present throughout the epithelial cells (100× magnification) (1). Immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue using antibody against COX-2 showing weaker staining compared to G1 (100× magnification) (2). Immunohistochemical staining of negative control (G5) tissue using antibody against COX-2 (100× magnification)(3)."} {"question_id": 1206, "question": "Was immunohistochemical staining performed at 100× magnification for all tissue samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2868780_F3_63880.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of positive control (G1) tissue using antibody against COX-2. Immunoreactivity was present throughout the epithelial cells (100× magnification) (1). Immunohistochemical staining of G2 tissue using antibody against COX-2 showing weaker staining compared to G1 (100× magnification) (2). Immunohistochemical staining of negative control (G5) tissue using antibody against COX-2 (100× magnification)(3)."} {"question_id": 1207, "question": "Is the underlying plaque in the left anterior descending coronary artery rich in smooth muscle cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989747_fig5_79350.jpg", "report": "Acute erosion, with late organization, Movat pentachrome. (a) Low magnification of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The underlying plaque is rich in smooth muscle cells, without significant lipid and no core formation (b) A higher magnification of the nonocclusive eroded thrombus. (c) Multiple layers of fibrin are present in the smooth muscle cell rich cap."} {"question_id": 1208, "question": "Does the plaque in the left anterior descending coronary artery show significant lipid presence?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989747_fig5_79350.jpg", "report": "Acute erosion, with late organization, Movat pentachrome. (a) Low magnification of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The underlying plaque is rich in smooth muscle cells, without significant lipid and no core formation (b) A higher magnification of the nonocclusive eroded thrombus. (c) Multiple layers of fibrin are present in the smooth muscle cell rich cap."} {"question_id": 1209, "question": "Are multiple layers of fibrin observed in the smooth muscle cell-rich cap?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989747_fig5_79350.jpg", "report": "Acute erosion, with late organization, Movat pentachrome. (a) Low magnification of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The underlying plaque is rich in smooth muscle cells, without significant lipid and no core formation (b) A higher magnification of the nonocclusive eroded thrombus. (c) Multiple layers of fibrin are present in the smooth muscle cell rich cap."} {"question_id": 1210, "question": "Is the thrombus in the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusive?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989747_fig5_79350.jpg", "report": "Acute erosion, with late organization, Movat pentachrome. (a) Low magnification of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The underlying plaque is rich in smooth muscle cells, without significant lipid and no core formation (b) A higher magnification of the nonocclusive eroded thrombus. (c) Multiple layers of fibrin are present in the smooth muscle cell rich cap."} {"question_id": 1211, "question": "Does the corneal tissue near the perforation exhibit partial thinning of the epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049733_f2_89045.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings. A, B: Case 4 frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 40×, 100×). B: Magnified view of boxed area with an arrow in A. Corneal tissue near the perforation. C, D: Frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 100×, 200×) Corneal tissue near the perforation. The epithelium neighboring the corneal ulcer showed partial thinning (arrow)."} {"question_id": 1212, "question": "Is the original magnification of the hematoxylin & eosin staining for Case 4 limited to 40×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3049733_f2_89045.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings. A, B: Case 4 frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 40×, 100×). B: Magnified view of boxed area with an arrow in A. Corneal tissue near the perforation. C, D: Frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 100×, 200×) Corneal tissue near the perforation. The epithelium neighboring the corneal ulcer showed partial thinning (arrow)."} {"question_id": 1214, "question": "Can partial thinning of the corneal epithelium be observed in the neighboring area of the corneal ulcer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049733_f2_89045.jpg", "report": "Pathological findings. A, B: Case 4 frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 40×, 100×). B: Magnified view of boxed area with an arrow in A. Corneal tissue near the perforation. C, D: Frozen tissue section (cornea, hematoxylin & eosin staining, original magnification 100×, 200×) Corneal tissue near the perforation. The epithelium neighboring the corneal ulcer showed partial thinning (arrow)."} {"question_id": 1215, "question": "Is p53 immunohistochemical staining negative in the majority of nuclei in this grade 2 ductal carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080331_F2_92974.jpg", "report": "p53 immunohistochemical negative staining in a grade 2 ductal carcinoma. The wide majority of nuclei showed no staining with the exception of one clear positive nucleus (arrow) in the upper left corner. Original magnifications: ×100 (inset ×250)."} {"question_id": 1217, "question": "Is there at least one nucleus with positive p53 staining in the sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080331_F2_92974.jpg", "report": "p53 immunohistochemical negative staining in a grade 2 ductal carcinoma. The wide majority of nuclei showed no staining with the exception of one clear positive nucleus (arrow) in the upper left corner. Original magnifications: ×100 (inset ×250)."} {"question_id": 1218, "question": "Is the positive p53-stained nucleus located in the lower right corner?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3080331_F2_92974.jpg", "report": "p53 immunohistochemical negative staining in a grade 2 ductal carcinoma. The wide majority of nuclei showed no staining with the exception of one clear positive nucleus (arrow) in the upper left corner. Original magnifications: ×100 (inset ×250)."} {"question_id": 1219, "question": "Were epidermal cells expressing EGFP observed after plasmid injection followed by electroporation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2999444_f02_80672.jpg", "report": "Wing epidermal cells expressing EGFP after plasmid injection followed by electroporation. A) 3 pulses of 80 V, o.1 ms pulse duration, and 100 ms pulse interval (100X magnification). B) 3 pulses of 80 V, 1 second pulse duration, and 500 ms pulse interval (200X magnification). C) and D) Epidermal cells of wings treated in the same way as in A) and B) but injected with blue colored water."} {"question_id": 1221, "question": "Is there any indication that the pulses used in the electroporation were less than 80 V?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2999444_f02_80672.jpg", "report": "Wing epidermal cells expressing EGFP after plasmid injection followed by electroporation. A) 3 pulses of 80 V, o.1 ms pulse duration, and 100 ms pulse interval (100X magnification). B) 3 pulses of 80 V, 1 second pulse duration, and 500 ms pulse interval (200X magnification). C) and D) Epidermal cells of wings treated in the same way as in A) and B) but injected with blue colored water."} {"question_id": 1222, "question": "Were the pulse intervals for the electroporation set at 100 ms in any of the treatments?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2999444_f02_80672.jpg", "report": "Wing epidermal cells expressing EGFP after plasmid injection followed by electroporation. A) 3 pulses of 80 V, o.1 ms pulse duration, and 100 ms pulse interval (100X magnification). B) 3 pulses of 80 V, 1 second pulse duration, and 500 ms pulse interval (200X magnification). C) and D) Epidermal cells of wings treated in the same way as in A) and B) but injected with blue colored water."} {"question_id": 1223, "question": "Does SP treatment affect the expression levels of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on HMVEC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2958303_fig2_76472.jpg", "report": "Effects of SP on the expression level of adhesion molecules on HMVEC. (a) The concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 in the conditioned medium derived from SP-treated HMVEC. N = 3. Error bar: SD. (b) Immunolabeling of ICAM1 and P-selectin on HMVEC with various treatments. Magnification, ×200."} {"question_id": 1224, "question": "Are the effects of SP on adhesion molecules limited to just ICAM1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2958303_fig2_76472.jpg", "report": "Effects of SP on the expression level of adhesion molecules on HMVEC. (a) The concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 in the conditioned medium derived from SP-treated HMVEC. N = 3. Error bar: SD. (b) Immunolabeling of ICAM1 and P-selectin on HMVEC with various treatments. Magnification, ×200."} {"question_id": 1225, "question": "Was the immunolabeling of P-selectin observed in HMVEC treated with SP?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2958303_fig2_76472.jpg", "report": "Effects of SP on the expression level of adhesion molecules on HMVEC. (a) The concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 in the conditioned medium derived from SP-treated HMVEC. N = 3. Error bar: SD. (b) Immunolabeling of ICAM1 and P-selectin on HMVEC with various treatments. Magnification, ×200."} {"question_id": 1226, "question": "Do the results indicate that the concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 was measured in vivo?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2958303_fig2_76472.jpg", "report": "Effects of SP on the expression level of adhesion molecules on HMVEC. (a) The concentration of sICAM1 and sVCAM1 in the conditioned medium derived from SP-treated HMVEC. N = 3. Error bar: SD. (b) Immunolabeling of ICAM1 and P-selectin on HMVEC with various treatments. Magnification, ×200."} {"question_id": 1227, "question": "Is αVβ3 expression observed in control muscle biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1397829_F2_4762.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d)."} {"question_id": 1228, "question": "Is the staining pattern for αVβ3 in juvenile DM different from that in adult DM?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1397829_F2_4762.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d)."} {"question_id": 1229, "question": "Are the muscle biopsies from patients with juvenile DM and adult DM stained with the same antibody?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1397829_F2_4762.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d)."} {"question_id": 1230, "question": "Is αVβ3 expression absent in normal human muscle control samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1397829_F2_4762.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of αVβ3 in juvenile DM, adult DM, and control muscle biopsies. Frozen muscle sections from myositis and normal human muscle control samples were stained with antibodies that recognize αVβ3. Representative staining patterns for αVβ3 in control (panels a&c) and DM (panel b) and juvenile DM (panel d)."} {"question_id": 1233, "question": "Is there a moderate staining reaction for PRL-3 observed in some of the invasive breast cancer specimens?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360632_fig4_21305.jpg", "report": "Invasive breast cancer specimens from the tissue microarray with (A) negative, (B) moderate, and (C) strong positive staining reaction for PRL-3. (D) Strong PLR-3 staining of tumour vessel. (E) PRL-3 negative and (F) positive lymph node metastases. Magnification 10-fold."} {"question_id": 1235, "question": "Is the magnification used for the imaging specified as 20-fold?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360632_fig4_21305.jpg", "report": "Invasive breast cancer specimens from the tissue microarray with (A) negative, (B) moderate, and (C) strong positive staining reaction for PRL-3. (D) Strong PLR-3 staining of tumour vessel. (E) PRL-3 negative and (F) positive lymph node metastases. Magnification 10-fold."} {"question_id": 1236, "question": "Was glomerular hypertrophy observed at one week of alloxan treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895301_fig2_67956.jpg", "report": "\nGlomerular hypertrophy and collapse in diabetes were ameliorated by ciglitazone. Histological kidney section were stained with Masson-Trichrome stain and visualized under dissecting microscope. Note that glomerular hypertrophy was observed at one week of alloxan (a single dose of 65 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) treatment. At 10 weeks glomerulus was collapsed. Ciglitazone treatment after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment reversed glomerular deformation towards normal (magnification, x200)."} {"question_id": 1237, "question": "Did the glomerulus remain hypertrophic after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895301_fig2_67956.jpg", "report": "\nGlomerular hypertrophy and collapse in diabetes were ameliorated by ciglitazone. Histological kidney section were stained with Masson-Trichrome stain and visualized under dissecting microscope. Note that glomerular hypertrophy was observed at one week of alloxan (a single dose of 65 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) treatment. At 10 weeks glomerulus was collapsed. Ciglitazone treatment after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment reversed glomerular deformation towards normal (magnification, x200)."} {"question_id": 1238, "question": "Was ciglitazone treatment effective in reversing glomerular deformation towards normal?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895301_fig2_67956.jpg", "report": "\nGlomerular hypertrophy and collapse in diabetes were ameliorated by ciglitazone. Histological kidney section were stained with Masson-Trichrome stain and visualized under dissecting microscope. Note that glomerular hypertrophy was observed at one week of alloxan (a single dose of 65 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) treatment. At 10 weeks glomerulus was collapsed. Ciglitazone treatment after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment reversed glomerular deformation towards normal (magnification, x200)."} {"question_id": 1239, "question": "Was the histological kidney section stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895301_fig2_67956.jpg", "report": "\nGlomerular hypertrophy and collapse in diabetes were ameliorated by ciglitazone. Histological kidney section were stained with Masson-Trichrome stain and visualized under dissecting microscope. Note that glomerular hypertrophy was observed at one week of alloxan (a single dose of 65 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) treatment. At 10 weeks glomerulus was collapsed. Ciglitazone treatment after 10 weeks of alloxan treatment reversed glomerular deformation towards normal (magnification, x200)."} {"question_id": 1240, "question": "Does the histopathological image of the primary tumor show high cellularity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2797365_fig3_53234.jpg", "report": "(a) Histopathological image of the primary tumor showing moderate cellularity and a rounded, clear cytoplasm. Histological examination of the dura and the nerve roots revealed infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma: (b) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, magnification 250-fold. (c) Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed tumor cells within dural collagen fibers, magnification 500-fold."} {"question_id": 1241, "question": "Are the cells in the primary tumor characterized by a rounded, clear cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797365_fig3_53234.jpg", "report": "(a) Histopathological image of the primary tumor showing moderate cellularity and a rounded, clear cytoplasm. Histological examination of the dura and the nerve roots revealed infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma: (b) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, magnification 250-fold. (c) Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed tumor cells within dural collagen fibers, magnification 500-fold."} {"question_id": 1242, "question": "Did the Elastica-van-Gieson staining reveal tumor cells within dural collagen fibers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797365_fig3_53234.jpg", "report": "(a) Histopathological image of the primary tumor showing moderate cellularity and a rounded, clear cytoplasm. Histological examination of the dura and the nerve roots revealed infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma: (b) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, magnification 250-fold. (c) Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed tumor cells within dural collagen fibers, magnification 500-fold."} {"question_id": 1243, "question": "Was infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma found in the nerve roots?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797365_fig3_53234.jpg", "report": "(a) Histopathological image of the primary tumor showing moderate cellularity and a rounded, clear cytoplasm. Histological examination of the dura and the nerve roots revealed infiltration by cells of the anaplastic astrocytoma: (b) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, magnification 250-fold. (c) Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed tumor cells within dural collagen fibers, magnification 500-fold."} {"question_id": 1244, "question": "Are the tumour cells stained with anti-EGFR in the immunohistochemical analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2661790_fig3_36656.jpg", "report": "Tissue-based studies of U87MG human tumours xenografted into NMRI nude mice treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3), or cetuximab (C225), or radiation alone (RT), or both modalities. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour cells stained with anti-EGFR, anti-Ki-67 nuclear antigen, apoptosis by TUNEL and angiogenesis with anti-CD31 antibody ( × 40 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1245, "question": "Was the tissue analyzed from human patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2661790_fig3_36656.jpg", "report": "Tissue-based studies of U87MG human tumours xenografted into NMRI nude mice treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3), or cetuximab (C225), or radiation alone (RT), or both modalities. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour cells stained with anti-EGFR, anti-Ki-67 nuclear antigen, apoptosis by TUNEL and angiogenesis with anti-CD31 antibody ( × 40 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1246, "question": "Did the study include treatment with nimotuzumab (h-R3)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2661790_fig3_36656.jpg", "report": "Tissue-based studies of U87MG human tumours xenografted into NMRI nude mice treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3), or cetuximab (C225), or radiation alone (RT), or both modalities. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour cells stained with anti-EGFR, anti-Ki-67 nuclear antigen, apoptosis by TUNEL and angiogenesis with anti-CD31 antibody ( × 40 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1248, "question": "Does the mature larva of Conopomorpha flueggella weave a pupal cocoon on a host leaf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3082966_F2_93484.jpg", "report": "Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit."} {"question_id": 1249, "question": "Are the adult Conopomorpha flueggella moths observed resting on male flowers at night?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3082966_F2_93484.jpg", "report": "Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit."} {"question_id": 1250, "question": "Is the pupal cocoon of Conopomorpha flueggella found on the host leaf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3082966_F2_93484.jpg", "report": "Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit."} {"question_id": 1251, "question": "Do the infested fruits show signs of damage caused by Conopomorpha flueggella larvae?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3082966_F2_93484.jpg", "report": "Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit."} {"question_id": 1252, "question": "Is the foreign body located in the center of the papule in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2886081_F2_66264.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy of one papule with central foreign body. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cross-section of one papule. Arrow indicates foreign body. Image captured at 10× magnification."} {"question_id": 1253, "question": "Was the image of the papule captured at 20× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2886081_F2_66264.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy of one papule with central foreign body. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cross-section of one papule. Arrow indicates foreign body. Image captured at 10× magnification."} {"question_id": 1254, "question": "Is the biopsy stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2886081_F2_66264.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy of one papule with central foreign body. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cross-section of one papule. Arrow indicates foreign body. Image captured at 10× magnification."} {"question_id": 1255, "question": "Does the provided image show multiple papules with foreign bodies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2886081_F2_66264.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy of one papule with central foreign body. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cross-section of one papule. Arrow indicates foreign body. Image captured at 10× magnification."} {"question_id": 1256, "question": "Are the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies of Snell dwarf mice treated daily with saline?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2695862_fig02_39960.jpg", "report": "Endogenous catecholamine fluorescence in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies and median eminence of Snell dwarf (dw/dw, lower panels) and normal (DW/dw, upper panels) mice treated daily with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Coronal sections; original objective magnification: × 20. Scale bar = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1258, "question": "Are the coronal sections imaged at an original objective magnification of × 20?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2695862_fig02_39960.jpg", "report": "Endogenous catecholamine fluorescence in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies and median eminence of Snell dwarf (dw/dw, lower panels) and normal (DW/dw, upper panels) mice treated daily with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Coronal sections; original objective magnification: × 20. Scale bar = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1259, "question": "Are the images of the treated mice shown at a scale bar of 50 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2695862_fig02_39960.jpg", "report": "Endogenous catecholamine fluorescence in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies and median eminence of Snell dwarf (dw/dw, lower panels) and normal (DW/dw, upper panels) mice treated daily with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Coronal sections; original objective magnification: × 20. Scale bar = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1260, "question": "Are the median eminence structures analyzed in both Snell dwarf and normal mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2695862_fig02_39960.jpg", "report": "Endogenous catecholamine fluorescence in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies and median eminence of Snell dwarf (dw/dw, lower panels) and normal (DW/dw, upper panels) mice treated daily with saline, 5 μg of ovine prolactin (oPRL), 50 μg of oPRL or 50 μg of recombinant mouse prolactin (rmPRL) beginning at 3 days of age. Coronal sections; original objective magnification: × 20. Scale bar = 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1261, "question": "Is LMP1 positive staining observed in the membrane of Reed Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2962632_pone-0013603-g004_76687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical controls for LMP1 and EBERs RNA in situ hybridization.\nA) HL case: LMP1 positive staining in the membrane of Reed Stenberg cells and HL mononuclear cell (400X). B) LMP1 negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X). C) EBERs RNA positive staining in HL Reed Stenberg cells (400X). D) EBERs RNA negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X)."} {"question_id": 1262, "question": "Is LMP1 positive staining observed in ductal breast carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2962632_pone-0013603-g004_76687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical controls for LMP1 and EBERs RNA in situ hybridization.\nA) HL case: LMP1 positive staining in the membrane of Reed Stenberg cells and HL mononuclear cell (400X). B) LMP1 negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X). C) EBERs RNA positive staining in HL Reed Stenberg cells (400X). D) EBERs RNA negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X)."} {"question_id": 1263, "question": "Is EBERs RNA positive staining found in HL Reed Sternberg cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2962632_pone-0013603-g004_76687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical controls for LMP1 and EBERs RNA in situ hybridization.\nA) HL case: LMP1 positive staining in the membrane of Reed Stenberg cells and HL mononuclear cell (400X). B) LMP1 negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X). C) EBERs RNA positive staining in HL Reed Stenberg cells (400X). D) EBERs RNA negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X)."} {"question_id": 1264, "question": "Is EBERs RNA positive staining found in ductal breast carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2962632_pone-0013603-g004_76687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical controls for LMP1 and EBERs RNA in situ hybridization.\nA) HL case: LMP1 positive staining in the membrane of Reed Stenberg cells and HL mononuclear cell (400X). B) LMP1 negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X). C) EBERs RNA positive staining in HL Reed Stenberg cells (400X). D) EBERs RNA negative ductal breast carcinoma (400X)."} {"question_id": 1265, "question": "Are insulin-staining pancreatic islets observed in untreated STZ-diabetic mice?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2807460_pone-0008749-g002_55027.jpg", "report": "Representative pancreatic islets showing insulin staining (brown) in untreated STZ-diabetic mice, non-diabetic control and STZ-diabetic mice treated with insulin implants or islet transplant (txp) under the kidney capsule for 60 or 120 days (40x)."} {"question_id": 1266, "question": "Can insulin implants normalize insulin staining in STZ-diabetic mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2807460_pone-0008749-g002_55027.jpg", "report": "Representative pancreatic islets showing insulin staining (brown) in untreated STZ-diabetic mice, non-diabetic control and STZ-diabetic mice treated with insulin implants or islet transplant (txp) under the kidney capsule for 60 or 120 days (40x)."} {"question_id": 1267, "question": "Is the islet transplant (txp) performed under the kidney capsule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2807460_pone-0008749-g002_55027.jpg", "report": "Representative pancreatic islets showing insulin staining (brown) in untreated STZ-diabetic mice, non-diabetic control and STZ-diabetic mice treated with insulin implants or islet transplant (txp) under the kidney capsule for 60 or 120 days (40x)."} {"question_id": 1268, "question": "Does the staining show that non-diabetic control mice lack insulin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2807460_pone-0008749-g002_55027.jpg", "report": "Representative pancreatic islets showing insulin staining (brown) in untreated STZ-diabetic mice, non-diabetic control and STZ-diabetic mice treated with insulin implants or islet transplant (txp) under the kidney capsule for 60 or 120 days (40x)."} {"question_id": 1269, "question": "Is Spr1-GFP used to indicate spore wall permeability in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743993_pone-0007184-g001_46024.jpg", "report": "Spr1-GFP is a marker for spore wall permeability.AN120 (wild-type), AN262 (chs3Δ), and AN264 (dit1Δ) harboring high copy plasmids expressing SPR1-GFP or ssGFP (pRS424-SPR1-GFP or pRS424-ssGFP) were examined by fluorescence microscopy 8 hours or 20 hours after transfer to sporulation medium. Arrows indicate asci displaying fluorescence in the ascal cytoplasm. Bar = 5 µm."} {"question_id": 1270, "question": "Were the strains AN120, AN262, and AN264 examined using fluorescence microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743993_pone-0007184-g001_46024.jpg", "report": "Spr1-GFP is a marker for spore wall permeability.AN120 (wild-type), AN262 (chs3Δ), and AN264 (dit1Δ) harboring high copy plasmids expressing SPR1-GFP or ssGFP (pRS424-SPR1-GFP or pRS424-ssGFP) were examined by fluorescence microscopy 8 hours or 20 hours after transfer to sporulation medium. Arrows indicate asci displaying fluorescence in the ascal cytoplasm. Bar = 5 µm."} {"question_id": 1272, "question": "Is the bar used for scale in the fluorescence microscopy images 10 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2743993_pone-0007184-g001_46024.jpg", "report": "Spr1-GFP is a marker for spore wall permeability.AN120 (wild-type), AN262 (chs3Δ), and AN264 (dit1Δ) harboring high copy plasmids expressing SPR1-GFP or ssGFP (pRS424-SPR1-GFP or pRS424-ssGFP) were examined by fluorescence microscopy 8 hours or 20 hours after transfer to sporulation medium. Arrows indicate asci displaying fluorescence in the ascal cytoplasm. Bar = 5 µm."} {"question_id": 1273, "question": "Are subepidermal bullae present in the provided pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2613893_F2_32087.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1274, "question": "Does the dermis show perivascular inflammatory infiltrates?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2613893_F2_32087.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1275, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells in the inflammatory infiltrate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2613893_F2_32087.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1276, "question": "Are the inflammatory infiltrates in the dermis devoid of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2613893_F2_32087.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullae. Dermis shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrates containing eosinophils and neutrophils (HE, original magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1277, "question": "Can reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2266934_F1_18837.jpg", "report": "Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development, growth, and aging. Prominent features distinguishable with RCM are (A-B) rudimentary primary ductal trees (open arrowheads), (C-D) terminal end buds (closed arrowheads), (E-I, P) secondary branching (thin arrows), (J-M) tertiary branching (open arrows), (N-O) lobules (thick arrows), (Q) ductal ectasia or enlarged ducts (^). Magnification: 30×."} {"question_id": 1278, "question": "Are rudimentary primary ductal trees identified by closed arrowheads in the RCM images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2266934_F1_18837.jpg", "report": "Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development, growth, and aging. Prominent features distinguishable with RCM are (A-B) rudimentary primary ductal trees (open arrowheads), (C-D) terminal end buds (closed arrowheads), (E-I, P) secondary branching (thin arrows), (J-M) tertiary branching (open arrows), (N-O) lobules (thick arrows), (Q) ductal ectasia or enlarged ducts (^). Magnification: 30×."} {"question_id": 1279, "question": "Is secondary branching indicated by thin arrows in the RCM images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2266934_F1_18837.jpg", "report": "Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development, growth, and aging. Prominent features distinguishable with RCM are (A-B) rudimentary primary ductal trees (open arrowheads), (C-D) terminal end buds (closed arrowheads), (E-I, P) secondary branching (thin arrows), (J-M) tertiary branching (open arrows), (N-O) lobules (thick arrows), (Q) ductal ectasia or enlarged ducts (^). Magnification: 30×."} {"question_id": 1280, "question": "Are lobules marked by open arrowheads in the RCM images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2266934_F1_18837.jpg", "report": "Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can visualize ductal epithelial cells during mammary gland development, growth, and aging. Prominent features distinguishable with RCM are (A-B) rudimentary primary ductal trees (open arrowheads), (C-D) terminal end buds (closed arrowheads), (E-I, P) secondary branching (thin arrows), (J-M) tertiary branching (open arrows), (N-O) lobules (thick arrows), (Q) ductal ectasia or enlarged ducts (^). Magnification: 30×."} {"question_id": 1281, "question": "Is the score distribution fitted with a three-parameter gamma distribution?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1276786_F5_3727.jpg", "report": "Plots of the tail of the global alignment optimal score distribution. The score frequencies were plotted against the natural logarithm of scores at the tail of the distribution of Figure 1. The three theoretical distributions were indicated in solid lines. The score distribution was fitted with (A) the three-parameter gamma distribution; (B) the normal distribution; and (C) the Gumbel distribution."} {"question_id": 1283, "question": "Are the theoretical distributions indicated with solid lines in the plots?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1276786_F5_3727.jpg", "report": "Plots of the tail of the global alignment optimal score distribution. The score frequencies were plotted against the natural logarithm of scores at the tail of the distribution of Figure 1. The three theoretical distributions were indicated in solid lines. The score distribution was fitted with (A) the three-parameter gamma distribution; (B) the normal distribution; and (C) the Gumbel distribution."} {"question_id": 1285, "question": "Are Ack1 proteins detected using anti-HA antibodies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2987765_F2_78763.jpg", "report": "Localization of Ack1 proteins. Cos7 cells co-expressing wild-type or mutant HA-tagged Ack1 along with a membrane targeted form of GFP (PM-GFP) [40] were prepared for immunostaining and confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ack1 proteins were detected with anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA; left panels; PM-GFP, middle panels; merged images, right panels. Scale bar: 10 microns."} {"question_id": 1286, "question": "Were the Cos7 cells prepared for immunostaining using anti-GFP antibodies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2987765_F2_78763.jpg", "report": "Localization of Ack1 proteins. Cos7 cells co-expressing wild-type or mutant HA-tagged Ack1 along with a membrane targeted form of GFP (PM-GFP) [40] were prepared for immunostaining and confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ack1 proteins were detected with anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA; left panels; PM-GFP, middle panels; merged images, right panels. Scale bar: 10 microns."} {"question_id": 1287, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images 10 microns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2987765_F2_78763.jpg", "report": "Localization of Ack1 proteins. Cos7 cells co-expressing wild-type or mutant HA-tagged Ack1 along with a membrane targeted form of GFP (PM-GFP) [40] were prepared for immunostaining and confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ack1 proteins were detected with anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA; left panels; PM-GFP, middle panels; merged images, right panels. Scale bar: 10 microns."} {"question_id": 1289, "question": "Are the Ack1 proteins co-expressed with a cytoplasmic form of GFP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2987765_F2_78763.jpg", "report": "Localization of Ack1 proteins. Cos7 cells co-expressing wild-type or mutant HA-tagged Ack1 along with a membrane targeted form of GFP (PM-GFP) [40] were prepared for immunostaining and confocal microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ack1 proteins were detected with anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA; left panels; PM-GFP, middle panels; merged images, right panels. Scale bar: 10 microns."} {"question_id": 1291, "question": "Are the sections of cell interface that were bleached indicated with circles in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2500017_F1_26347.jpg", "report": "FRAP of GFP-tagged Nrg in epithelial cells of live embryos. Side views of epithelial cells in wild-type (A), nrx IV (B), cont (C) and Dfvari (D) embryos at stage15. Pre-bleach images are shown on the left. The sections of cell interface that were bleached are indicated with boxes. Images on the right show the recovery of fluorescence 160 seconds after bleaching. Bar: 5 μm. Schematic representation of the distribution of septate junction components, Nrg, Nrx IV and Cont in each genotype."} {"question_id": 1292, "question": "Is the recovery of fluorescence shown 160 seconds after bleaching?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500017_F1_26347.jpg", "report": "FRAP of GFP-tagged Nrg in epithelial cells of live embryos. Side views of epithelial cells in wild-type (A), nrx IV (B), cont (C) and Dfvari (D) embryos at stage15. Pre-bleach images are shown on the left. The sections of cell interface that were bleached are indicated with boxes. Images on the right show the recovery of fluorescence 160 seconds after bleaching. Bar: 5 μm. Schematic representation of the distribution of septate junction components, Nrg, Nrx IV and Cont in each genotype."} {"question_id": 1293, "question": "Do the images include a schematic representation of the distribution of septate junction components in each genotype?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2500017_F1_26347.jpg", "report": "FRAP of GFP-tagged Nrg in epithelial cells of live embryos. Side views of epithelial cells in wild-type (A), nrx IV (B), cont (C) and Dfvari (D) embryos at stage15. Pre-bleach images are shown on the left. The sections of cell interface that were bleached are indicated with boxes. Images on the right show the recovery of fluorescence 160 seconds after bleaching. Bar: 5 μm. Schematic representation of the distribution of septate junction components, Nrg, Nrx IV and Cont in each genotype."} {"question_id": 1294, "question": "Are T98G cells with epithelioid morphology characterized by a large, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleoli?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360358_fig6_21193.jpg", "report": "Cytopathology of T98G cells exposed to vehicle or 17α-AED (10 μM) for 30 h. (A) T98G cultures treated with vehicle are composed of cells with epithelioid morphology; a large, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleoli. A T98G cell undergoing mitosis (M). (B, C) Numerous cells in the 17α-AED-treated cultures show the presence of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles (arrows) and small, basophilic bodies (arrow heads). Haematoxylin and eosin staining, × 100 magnification with oil."} {"question_id": 1295, "question": "Do T98G cells treated with 17α-AED show multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360358_fig6_21193.jpg", "report": "Cytopathology of T98G cells exposed to vehicle or 17α-AED (10 μM) for 30 h. (A) T98G cultures treated with vehicle are composed of cells with epithelioid morphology; a large, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleoli. A T98G cell undergoing mitosis (M). (B, C) Numerous cells in the 17α-AED-treated cultures show the presence of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles (arrows) and small, basophilic bodies (arrow heads). Haematoxylin and eosin staining, × 100 magnification with oil."} {"question_id": 1296, "question": "Are basophilic bodies absent in T98G cells treated with 17α-AED?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2360358_fig6_21193.jpg", "report": "Cytopathology of T98G cells exposed to vehicle or 17α-AED (10 μM) for 30 h. (A) T98G cultures treated with vehicle are composed of cells with epithelioid morphology; a large, pale staining nucleus with prominent nucleoli. A T98G cell undergoing mitosis (M). (B, C) Numerous cells in the 17α-AED-treated cultures show the presence of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles (arrows) and small, basophilic bodies (arrow heads). Haematoxylin and eosin staining, × 100 magnification with oil."} {"question_id": 1298, "question": "Are atypical spindle or stellate cells present in the colon mass?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5)."} {"question_id": 1299, "question": "Does the tumor extend from the submucosa upward to the subserosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5)."} {"question_id": 1300, "question": "Are mature fat cell-like cells found in most of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5)."} {"question_id": 1301, "question": "Is there a rich arborizing vasculature supporting the atypical spindle or stellate cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5)."} {"question_id": 1302, "question": "Are lipoblasts common in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2887402_F3_66488.jpg", "report": "Microscopic findings of the colon mass and retroperitoneal masses. Proliferation of atypical spindle or stellate cells(A) focally supported by rich arborizing vasculature on the background of rich ground substance(B) with rare lipoblasts(C), tumor cells extend from the subserosa upward to the submucosa(D), most of tumor consists of mature fat cell-like cells and a few atypical spindle cells or lipoblasts(E). (A, B & E: H-E, ×100, C: H-E, ×400, D: H-E, ×12.5)."} {"question_id": 1303, "question": "Is the provided map of the Czech Republic relevant to identifying specific locations of chest pathology cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2993484_F0002_79841.jpg", "report": "Map of the Czech Republic and location of sampling sites and the control site."} {"question_id": 1304, "question": "Are the sampling sites for chest pathology located outside the Czech Republic in the provided report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2993484_F0002_79841.jpg", "report": "Map of the Czech Republic and location of sampling sites and the control site."} {"question_id": 1307, "question": "Are the peaks on the elytra of Physasterna cribripes hydrophobic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2918599_F3_70974.jpg", "report": "Hydrophobic dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes. An example of a P. cribripes treated with Sudan III staining in order to examine if the beetles have hydrophilic zones that could facilitate the collection of water from fog. The Sudan III staining make wax covered i.e. hydrophobic areas shiny. The magnification shows the shining hydrophobic peaks of the bumps on the elytra."} {"question_id": 1308, "question": "Does Sudan III staining make hydrophilic areas shiny?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2918599_F3_70974.jpg", "report": "Hydrophobic dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes. An example of a P. cribripes treated with Sudan III staining in order to examine if the beetles have hydrophilic zones that could facilitate the collection of water from fog. The Sudan III staining make wax covered i.e. hydrophobic areas shiny. The magnification shows the shining hydrophobic peaks of the bumps on the elytra."} {"question_id": 1309, "question": "Is the dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes naturally hydrophobic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2918599_F3_70974.jpg", "report": "Hydrophobic dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes. An example of a P. cribripes treated with Sudan III staining in order to examine if the beetles have hydrophilic zones that could facilitate the collection of water from fog. The Sudan III staining make wax covered i.e. hydrophobic areas shiny. The magnification shows the shining hydrophobic peaks of the bumps on the elytra."} {"question_id": 1310, "question": "Does the magnified image show hydrophilic zones on the elytra?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2918599_F3_70974.jpg", "report": "Hydrophobic dorsal surface of Physasterna cribripes. An example of a P. cribripes treated with Sudan III staining in order to examine if the beetles have hydrophilic zones that could facilitate the collection of water from fog. The Sudan III staining make wax covered i.e. hydrophobic areas shiny. The magnification shows the shining hydrophobic peaks of the bumps on the elytra."} {"question_id": 1311, "question": "Is HMB-45 positivity indicative of melanocytic differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2885878_F0003_66173.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on the biopsy tissue showing cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45."} {"question_id": 1312, "question": "Can HMB-45 positivity be seen in non-melanocytic lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2885878_F0003_66173.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on the biopsy tissue showing cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45."} {"question_id": 1313, "question": "Is HMB-45 commonly used as a marker in diagnosing melanoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2885878_F0003_66173.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on the biopsy tissue showing cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45."} {"question_id": 1314, "question": "Does cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45 exclude the diagnosis of melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2885878_F0003_66173.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemistry on the biopsy tissue showing cytoplasmic positivity with HMB-45."} {"question_id": 1315, "question": "Are the GFP-fused XtCRYs expressed in HEK 293 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822860_pone-0009273-g004_56957.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs in HEK 293 cells.Each expression vector was transfected and observed using a fluorescence microscope (upper, GFP; middle, DAPI) or differential interference microscope (lower, DIC)."} {"question_id": 1316, "question": "Can the cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs be observed without using a fluorescence microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2822860_pone-0009273-g004_56957.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs in HEK 293 cells.Each expression vector was transfected and observed using a fluorescence microscope (upper, GFP; middle, DAPI) or differential interference microscope (lower, DIC)."} {"question_id": 1317, "question": "Is DAPI used to stain the nuclei of HEK 293 cells in this experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822860_pone-0009273-g004_56957.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs in HEK 293 cells.Each expression vector was transfected and observed using a fluorescence microscope (upper, GFP; middle, DAPI) or differential interference microscope (lower, DIC)."} {"question_id": 1318, "question": "Is the differential interference microscope (DIC) used to observe fluorescence in this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2822860_pone-0009273-g004_56957.jpg", "report": "Cellular localization of GFP-fused XtCRYs in HEK 293 cells.Each expression vector was transfected and observed using a fluorescence microscope (upper, GFP; middle, DAPI) or differential interference microscope (lower, DIC)."} {"question_id": 1320, "question": "Do the embryoid bodies form after 3 days?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2900228_F1_68336.jpg", "report": "Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell and embryoid body. Phase-contrast images of Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell colonies (A) and embryoid bodies after 7 days of formation (B). Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1321, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images 100 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2900228_F1_68336.jpg", "report": "Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell and embryoid body. Phase-contrast images of Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell colonies (A) and embryoid bodies after 7 days of formation (B). Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1322, "question": "Are the images of Apodemus sylvaticus neuron cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2900228_F1_68336.jpg", "report": "Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell and embryoid body. Phase-contrast images of Apodemus sylvaticus ES cell colonies (A) and embryoid bodies after 7 days of formation (B). Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1323, "question": "Are Aβ plaques present in the neocortex of the 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1559596_F2_6950.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of immunostained Aβ plaques (stained with anti-Aβ antibody) in the neocortex of (A) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse; (B) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse; and (C) a 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+). (A, B, C, magnification = 100×, insert shows enlargement of Aβ plaques)."} {"question_id": 1324, "question": "Is there a difference in the presence of Aβ plaques between the 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- and APP/IL-1 R1-/- mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1559596_F2_6950.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of immunostained Aβ plaques (stained with anti-Aβ antibody) in the neocortex of (A) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse; (B) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse; and (C) a 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+). (A, B, C, magnification = 100×, insert shows enlargement of Aβ plaques)."} {"question_id": 1325, "question": "Are Aβ plaques observed in the neocortex of the 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1559596_F2_6950.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of immunostained Aβ plaques (stained with anti-Aβ antibody) in the neocortex of (A) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse; (B) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse; and (C) a 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+). (A, B, C, magnification = 100×, insert shows enlargement of Aβ plaques)."} {"question_id": 1326, "question": "Are the immunostained Aβ plaques in the neocortex of the 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse not visible at 100× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1559596_F2_6950.jpg", "report": "Representative pictures of immunostained Aβ plaques (stained with anti-Aβ antibody) in the neocortex of (A) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1+/- mouse; (B) a 15-month-old APP/IL-1 R1-/- mouse; and (C) a 15-month-old wild type Tg2576 mice (IL_1 R1+/+). (A, B, C, magnification = 100×, insert shows enlargement of Aβ plaques)."} {"question_id": 1327, "question": "Were the upper panel samples treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1201157_F5_3047.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs in 3D type I collagen matrix. The samples shown in the upper panels (A-E) were treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs, whereas those in the lower panels (F-J) with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies. Cross sections were stained with acidified eosin as described in methods. Magnification, 100×. Bar, 200 μM."} {"question_id": 1328, "question": "Were the lower panel samples treated with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1201157_F5_3047.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs in 3D type I collagen matrix. The samples shown in the upper panels (A-E) were treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs, whereas those in the lower panels (F-J) with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies. Cross sections were stained with acidified eosin as described in methods. Magnification, 100×. Bar, 200 μM."} {"question_id": 1329, "question": "Are the cross sections stained with hematoxylin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1201157_F5_3047.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs in 3D type I collagen matrix. The samples shown in the upper panels (A-E) were treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs, whereas those in the lower panels (F-J) with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies. Cross sections were stained with acidified eosin as described in methods. Magnification, 100×. Bar, 200 μM."} {"question_id": 1330, "question": "Is the magnification used in the images 100×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1201157_F5_3047.jpg", "report": "Inhibition of bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs in 3D type I collagen matrix. The samples shown in the upper panels (A-E) were treated with anti-MHC class II mAbs, whereas those in the lower panels (F-J) with anti-αvβ3 integrin antibodies. Cross sections were stained with acidified eosin as described in methods. Magnification, 100×. Bar, 200 μM."} {"question_id": 1331, "question": "Is FITC-labelled asODN used to study the distribution in the mouse nose in vivo?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1420290_F9_4938.jpg", "report": "Distribution of FITC-labelled asODN in the mouse nose in vivo. FITC-labelled asODN (80 μg/mouse) were complexed with GL67 and perfused into the nasal cavity. Twenty-four hours later the nasal septum was extracted, paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrows indicate the surface epithelium. A and B are images from two different animals showing the highest (A) and lowest (B) levels of uptake seen."} {"question_id": 1332, "question": "Were the nasal septum samples extracted and processed for electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1420290_F9_4938.jpg", "report": "Distribution of FITC-labelled asODN in the mouse nose in vivo. FITC-labelled asODN (80 μg/mouse) were complexed with GL67 and perfused into the nasal cavity. Twenty-four hours later the nasal septum was extracted, paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrows indicate the surface epithelium. A and B are images from two different animals showing the highest (A) and lowest (B) levels of uptake seen."} {"question_id": 1333, "question": "Is the FITC signal used to visualize the distribution of asODN?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1420290_F9_4938.jpg", "report": "Distribution of FITC-labelled asODN in the mouse nose in vivo. FITC-labelled asODN (80 μg/mouse) were complexed with GL67 and perfused into the nasal cavity. Twenty-four hours later the nasal septum was extracted, paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrows indicate the surface epithelium. A and B are images from two different animals showing the highest (A) and lowest (B) levels of uptake seen."} {"question_id": 1334, "question": "Do the arrows in the images indicate the location of the submucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1420290_F9_4938.jpg", "report": "Distribution of FITC-labelled asODN in the mouse nose in vivo. FITC-labelled asODN (80 μg/mouse) were complexed with GL67 and perfused into the nasal cavity. Twenty-four hours later the nasal septum was extracted, paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrows indicate the surface epithelium. A and B are images from two different animals showing the highest (A) and lowest (B) levels of uptake seen."} {"question_id": 1335, "question": "Is survivin detected in the cytoplasm of leiomyosarcoma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850337_F1_61294.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of survivin. Detection of survivin in leiomyosarcoma in cytoplasm (A) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (B) Detection of survivin in synovial sarcoma in cytoplasm (C) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (D) (magnification 200×)"} {"question_id": 1336, "question": "Is survivin only found in the nucleus of synovial sarcoma cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2850337_F1_61294.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of survivin. Detection of survivin in leiomyosarcoma in cytoplasm (A) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (B) Detection of survivin in synovial sarcoma in cytoplasm (C) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (D) (magnification 200×)"} {"question_id": 1337, "question": "Can survivin be detected in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of leiomyosarcoma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2850337_F1_61294.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of survivin. Detection of survivin in leiomyosarcoma in cytoplasm (A) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (B) Detection of survivin in synovial sarcoma in cytoplasm (C) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (D) (magnification 200×)"} {"question_id": 1338, "question": "Is survivin exclusively detected in the cytoplasm of synovial sarcoma cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2850337_F1_61294.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of survivin. Detection of survivin in leiomyosarcoma in cytoplasm (A) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (B) Detection of survivin in synovial sarcoma in cytoplasm (C) and in cytoplasm+nuclei (D) (magnification 200×)"} {"question_id": 1339, "question": "Were the HepG2 cells incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065884_fig11_91287.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser microscopic images for distribution of RH-AF-liposomes and Alexa-pDNA in HepG2 cells. Magnification: ×200. The charge ratio of AF-liposomes/pDNA was 1.6. γ-CyDs were added to AF-liposomes suspension before freeze-drying. The concentrations of γ-CyDs were 1 μM/μM lipids. Cells were incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 h in FCS-free medium. After washing twice, the cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy."} {"question_id": 1340, "question": "Were the cells observed using electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065884_fig11_91287.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser microscopic images for distribution of RH-AF-liposomes and Alexa-pDNA in HepG2 cells. Magnification: ×200. The charge ratio of AF-liposomes/pDNA was 1.6. γ-CyDs were added to AF-liposomes suspension before freeze-drying. The concentrations of γ-CyDs were 1 μM/μM lipids. Cells were incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 h in FCS-free medium. After washing twice, the cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy."} {"question_id": 1341, "question": "Was the magnification used for the confocal laser microscopic images ×200?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065884_fig11_91287.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser microscopic images for distribution of RH-AF-liposomes and Alexa-pDNA in HepG2 cells. Magnification: ×200. The charge ratio of AF-liposomes/pDNA was 1.6. γ-CyDs were added to AF-liposomes suspension before freeze-drying. The concentrations of γ-CyDs were 1 μM/μM lipids. Cells were incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 h in FCS-free medium. After washing twice, the cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy."} {"question_id": 1342, "question": "Did the incubation occur in a medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065884_fig11_91287.jpg", "report": "Confocal laser microscopic images for distribution of RH-AF-liposomes and Alexa-pDNA in HepG2 cells. Magnification: ×200. The charge ratio of AF-liposomes/pDNA was 1.6. γ-CyDs were added to AF-liposomes suspension before freeze-drying. The concentrations of γ-CyDs were 1 μM/μM lipids. Cells were incubated with Alexa-pDNA/γ-CyDs/RH-AF-liposomes for 3 h in FCS-free medium. After washing twice, the cells were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy."} {"question_id": 1343, "question": "Is LAM5γ2 expression observed in the luminal bronchiolar cells of UIP biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1538593_F1_6458.jpg", "report": "LAM5γ2 and HSP27 expression in FF of UIP biopsies. Expression of LAM5γ2 (a, b, and c) and HSP27 (d, and e) in different cases of IPF/UIP. The immunoreactivity is similar for the two molecules, mainly restricted to basal cell sheets located between luminal bronchiolar cells and myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci (sandwich-FF)."} {"question_id": 1344, "question": "Does HSP27 expression appear mainly in the basal cell sheets in UIP biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1538593_F1_6458.jpg", "report": "LAM5γ2 and HSP27 expression in FF of UIP biopsies. Expression of LAM5γ2 (a, b, and c) and HSP27 (d, and e) in different cases of IPF/UIP. The immunoreactivity is similar for the two molecules, mainly restricted to basal cell sheets located between luminal bronchiolar cells and myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci (sandwich-FF)."} {"question_id": 1345, "question": "Are both LAM5γ2 and HSP27 found in the myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci in UIP biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1538593_F1_6458.jpg", "report": "LAM5γ2 and HSP27 expression in FF of UIP biopsies. Expression of LAM5γ2 (a, b, and c) and HSP27 (d, and e) in different cases of IPF/UIP. The immunoreactivity is similar for the two molecules, mainly restricted to basal cell sheets located between luminal bronchiolar cells and myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci (sandwich-FF)."} {"question_id": 1346, "question": "Is the immunoreactivity of LAM5γ2 and HSP27 significantly different in UIP biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1538593_F1_6458.jpg", "report": "LAM5γ2 and HSP27 expression in FF of UIP biopsies. Expression of LAM5γ2 (a, b, and c) and HSP27 (d, and e) in different cases of IPF/UIP. The immunoreactivity is similar for the two molecules, mainly restricted to basal cell sheets located between luminal bronchiolar cells and myofibroblast clusters of fibroblast foci (sandwich-FF)."} {"question_id": 1347, "question": "Are fibrous capsules (FC) observed in the surgical cavity (SC) in the control group on day 45?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1675997_F4_7877.jpg", "report": "Control group, day 45. Surgical cavity (SC) with mature bone tissue, blood vessels and areas of internal remodelling. Fibrous capsules (FC) can be observed on the upper and lateral regions of the slide (HE 40×)."} {"question_id": 1348, "question": "Is the surgical cavity (SC) filled with immature bone tissue on day 45 in the control group?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1675997_F4_7877.jpg", "report": "Control group, day 45. Surgical cavity (SC) with mature bone tissue, blood vessels and areas of internal remodelling. Fibrous capsules (FC) can be observed on the upper and lateral regions of the slide (HE 40×)."} {"question_id": 1349, "question": "Can blood vessels be observed in the surgical cavity (SC) in the control group on day 45?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1675997_F4_7877.jpg", "report": "Control group, day 45. Surgical cavity (SC) with mature bone tissue, blood vessels and areas of internal remodelling. Fibrous capsules (FC) can be observed on the upper and lateral regions of the slide (HE 40×)."} {"question_id": 1350, "question": "Are fibrous capsules (FC) absent in the upper and lateral regions of the slide in the control group on day 45?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1675997_F4_7877.jpg", "report": "Control group, day 45. Surgical cavity (SC) with mature bone tissue, blood vessels and areas of internal remodelling. Fibrous capsules (FC) can be observed on the upper and lateral regions of the slide (HE 40×)."} {"question_id": 1351, "question": "Is TRPC6 expression observed in ciGEnC cells analyzed in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2937225_fig7_73380.jpg", "report": "Expression and distribution of TRPC6 in ciGEnC and ciPod compared to a platelet positive control. Lysates from ciPod and cGEnC were Western blotted and probed using anti-TRPC6 and anti-actin antibodies. (A) Representative images of ciGEnC (Bi) and ciPod (Bii) were microinjected with pcDNA3TRPC6 and immunofluorescence was carried out using an anti-TRPC6 antibody. Cells were imaged using confocal microscopy. X–Y stacks of ciGEnC and ciPod in (B) are shown in (Ci) and (Cii) respectively."} {"question_id": 1352, "question": "Are ciPod cells negative for TRPC6 expression in the given report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2937225_fig7_73380.jpg", "report": "Expression and distribution of TRPC6 in ciGEnC and ciPod compared to a platelet positive control. Lysates from ciPod and cGEnC were Western blotted and probed using anti-TRPC6 and anti-actin antibodies. (A) Representative images of ciGEnC (Bi) and ciPod (Bii) were microinjected with pcDNA3TRPC6 and immunofluorescence was carried out using an anti-TRPC6 antibody. Cells were imaged using confocal microscopy. X–Y stacks of ciGEnC and ciPod in (B) are shown in (Ci) and (Cii) respectively."} {"question_id": 1353, "question": "Was immunofluorescence used to detect TRPC6 in the cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2937225_fig7_73380.jpg", "report": "Expression and distribution of TRPC6 in ciGEnC and ciPod compared to a platelet positive control. Lysates from ciPod and cGEnC were Western blotted and probed using anti-TRPC6 and anti-actin antibodies. (A) Representative images of ciGEnC (Bi) and ciPod (Bii) were microinjected with pcDNA3TRPC6 and immunofluorescence was carried out using an anti-TRPC6 antibody. Cells were imaged using confocal microscopy. X–Y stacks of ciGEnC and ciPod in (B) are shown in (Ci) and (Cii) respectively."} {"question_id": 1354, "question": "Were the cells imaged using electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2937225_fig7_73380.jpg", "report": "Expression and distribution of TRPC6 in ciGEnC and ciPod compared to a platelet positive control. Lysates from ciPod and cGEnC were Western blotted and probed using anti-TRPC6 and anti-actin antibodies. (A) Representative images of ciGEnC (Bi) and ciPod (Bii) were microinjected with pcDNA3TRPC6 and immunofluorescence was carried out using an anti-TRPC6 antibody. Cells were imaged using confocal microscopy. X–Y stacks of ciGEnC and ciPod in (B) are shown in (Ci) and (Cii) respectively."} {"question_id": 1355, "question": "Is the expression of ptenb in zebrafish embryos analyzed using RT-PCR in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm."} {"question_id": 1356, "question": "Are the β-actin fragments used as the primary focus for the expression pattern analysis in zebrafish embryos?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm."} {"question_id": 1357, "question": "Is whole-mount in situ hybridization used to visualize ptenb expression in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm."} {"question_id": 1358, "question": "Do the provided photographs show embryos at different developmental stages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm."} {"question_id": 1359, "question": "Is the scale bar in the photographs 500 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92202.jpg", "report": "Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm."} {"question_id": 1360, "question": "Is E-cadherin expression found in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1851383_F3_10340.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan."} {"question_id": 1361, "question": "Can the absence of Sdc1 be observed in some cases of DCIS?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1851383_F3_10340.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan."} {"question_id": 1362, "question": "Is c-met always expressed in DCIS?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1851383_F3_10340.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan."} {"question_id": 1363, "question": "Is ductal carcinoma in situ characterized by the absence of E-cadherin expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1851383_F3_10340.jpg", "report": "Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan."} {"question_id": 1364, "question": "Are OMVs present in the electron microscopy images of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2770062_F5_49606.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of Hsp and Omp50. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses of OMVs. (A) OMVs of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176 without antiserum (control). (B), immunolabelling with anti-Hsp antiserum. (C) immunolabelling with anti-Omp50 antiserum. White arrows show the GroEL like particles (in A) and the localization of gold particles on the GroEL like particles (in B). Black arrows show the OMVs (in A&B). Bars correspond to 100 nm."} {"question_id": 1365, "question": "Do the immunoelectron microscopic analyses show the localization of gold particles on GroEL like particles with anti-Hsp antiserum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2770062_F5_49606.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of Hsp and Omp50. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses of OMVs. (A) OMVs of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176 without antiserum (control). (B), immunolabelling with anti-Hsp antiserum. (C) immunolabelling with anti-Omp50 antiserum. White arrows show the GroEL like particles (in A) and the localization of gold particles on the GroEL like particles (in B). Black arrows show the OMVs (in A&B). Bars correspond to 100 nm."} {"question_id": 1366, "question": "Are the GroEL like particles localized with anti-Omp50 antiserum?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2770062_F5_49606.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of Hsp and Omp50. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses of OMVs. (A) OMVs of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176 without antiserum (control). (B), immunolabelling with anti-Hsp antiserum. (C) immunolabelling with anti-Omp50 antiserum. White arrows show the GroEL like particles (in A) and the localization of gold particles on the GroEL like particles (in B). Black arrows show the OMVs (in A&B). Bars correspond to 100 nm."} {"question_id": 1367, "question": "Are the bars in the images corresponding to a length of 50 nm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2770062_F5_49606.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of Hsp and Omp50. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses of OMVs. (A) OMVs of wild type C. jejuni strain 81-176 without antiserum (control). (B), immunolabelling with anti-Hsp antiserum. (C) immunolabelling with anti-Omp50 antiserum. White arrows show the GroEL like particles (in A) and the localization of gold particles on the GroEL like particles (in B). Black arrows show the OMVs (in A&B). Bars correspond to 100 nm."} {"question_id": 1368, "question": "Is BCAS3 expression observed in human embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2075367_pone-0001202-g004_14829.jpg", "report": "Expression of BCAS3 in embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation.Human EBs at day 14 of differentiation immunostained for (A, E, I, M) BCAS3 (green), (Q) isotype control (green), (B) PECAM (red) and (F, J, N, R) ICAM2 (red). (C, G, K, O, S) show nuclei stained with DAPI. (D, H, L, P, T) are merged images of respective panels to their left. Boxed area in (E–H) imaged at higher magnification shown in (I–L) respectively. Scale bar: (A, M, Q) 50 µm (E, I) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1369, "question": "Are the nuclei in the images stained with DAPI?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2075367_pone-0001202-g004_14829.jpg", "report": "Expression of BCAS3 in embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation.Human EBs at day 14 of differentiation immunostained for (A, E, I, M) BCAS3 (green), (Q) isotype control (green), (B) PECAM (red) and (F, J, N, R) ICAM2 (red). (C, G, K, O, S) show nuclei stained with DAPI. (D, H, L, P, T) are merged images of respective panels to their left. Boxed area in (E–H) imaged at higher magnification shown in (I–L) respectively. Scale bar: (A, M, Q) 50 µm (E, I) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1370, "question": "Is ICAM2 expression absent in the immunostained embryoid bodies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2075367_pone-0001202-g004_14829.jpg", "report": "Expression of BCAS3 in embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation.Human EBs at day 14 of differentiation immunostained for (A, E, I, M) BCAS3 (green), (Q) isotype control (green), (B) PECAM (red) and (F, J, N, R) ICAM2 (red). (C, G, K, O, S) show nuclei stained with DAPI. (D, H, L, P, T) are merged images of respective panels to their left. Boxed area in (E–H) imaged at higher magnification shown in (I–L) respectively. Scale bar: (A, M, Q) 50 µm (E, I) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1371, "question": "Is the isotype control for BCAS3 stained red?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2075367_pone-0001202-g004_14829.jpg", "report": "Expression of BCAS3 in embryoid bodies at day 14 of differentiation.Human EBs at day 14 of differentiation immunostained for (A, E, I, M) BCAS3 (green), (Q) isotype control (green), (B) PECAM (red) and (F, J, N, R) ICAM2 (red). (C, G, K, O, S) show nuclei stained with DAPI. (D, H, L, P, T) are merged images of respective panels to their left. Boxed area in (E–H) imaged at higher magnification shown in (I–L) respectively. Scale bar: (A, M, Q) 50 µm (E, I) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1372, "question": "Is CDH1 protein expression observed in some samples of sporadic gastric cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2731731_F2_44220.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of CDH1 protein expression in sporadic gastric cancers. Representative gastric cancer samples are shown. (A) and (C), sporadic gastric cancer showing CDH1 protein expression; (B) and (D), sporadic gastric cancer not showing CDH1 expression. (A) and (B), H-E stained; (C) and (D), immunostained for CDH1. Scale bar, 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1373, "question": "Are all the sporadic gastric cancer samples showing CDH1 protein expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2731731_F2_44220.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of CDH1 protein expression in sporadic gastric cancers. Representative gastric cancer samples are shown. (A) and (C), sporadic gastric cancer showing CDH1 protein expression; (B) and (D), sporadic gastric cancer not showing CDH1 expression. (A) and (B), H-E stained; (C) and (D), immunostained for CDH1. Scale bar, 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1374, "question": "Are (A) and (B) images stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H-E)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2731731_F2_44220.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical examination of CDH1 protein expression in sporadic gastric cancers. Representative gastric cancer samples are shown. (A) and (C), sporadic gastric cancer showing CDH1 protein expression; (B) and (D), sporadic gastric cancer not showing CDH1 expression. (A) and (B), H-E stained; (C) and (D), immunostained for CDH1. Scale bar, 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1376, "question": "Is the muscle tissue in the WT untreated mouse showing an abnormal variation in fiber size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3062565_pone-0018049-g003_90789.jpg", "report": "The effect of FTS on muscle pathology.Digital images of hematoxylin and eosin stained muscle. (A) WT untreated mouse presenting normal organization of muscle tissue with no abundant connective tissue. (B) Untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse showing severe dystrophic changes with abnormal variation of fiber size, internal nuclei and severe fibrosis. (C) Treated dy2J/dy2J mouse, showing still variation in fiber size. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1377, "question": "Does the untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse display severe fibrosis in the muscle tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3062565_pone-0018049-g003_90789.jpg", "report": "The effect of FTS on muscle pathology.Digital images of hematoxylin and eosin stained muscle. (A) WT untreated mouse presenting normal organization of muscle tissue with no abundant connective tissue. (B) Untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse showing severe dystrophic changes with abnormal variation of fiber size, internal nuclei and severe fibrosis. (C) Treated dy2J/dy2J mouse, showing still variation in fiber size. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1378, "question": "Is there an abundance of connective tissue in the muscle of the WT untreated mouse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3062565_pone-0018049-g003_90789.jpg", "report": "The effect of FTS on muscle pathology.Digital images of hematoxylin and eosin stained muscle. (A) WT untreated mouse presenting normal organization of muscle tissue with no abundant connective tissue. (B) Untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse showing severe dystrophic changes with abnormal variation of fiber size, internal nuclei and severe fibrosis. (C) Treated dy2J/dy2J mouse, showing still variation in fiber size. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1379, "question": "Does the treated dy2J/dy2J mouse still show some variation in fiber size even after treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3062565_pone-0018049-g003_90789.jpg", "report": "The effect of FTS on muscle pathology.Digital images of hematoxylin and eosin stained muscle. (A) WT untreated mouse presenting normal organization of muscle tissue with no abundant connective tissue. (B) Untreated dy2J/dy2J mouse showing severe dystrophic changes with abnormal variation of fiber size, internal nuclei and severe fibrosis. (C) Treated dy2J/dy2J mouse, showing still variation in fiber size. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1381, "question": "Are the LM images taken only at one time point, specifically after drying?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1949822_F4_13065.jpg", "report": "Cell and biofilm morphology of Salmonella Typhimurium UMR1 (wt) and its mutants MAE52 (csgD++), MAE51 (csgD), MAE14 (csgBA), MAE222 (bcsA) and MAE619 (bapA) after growth for 24 hours. The first column shows light microscope (LM) images (with a frame width of approx. 0.6 mm) before drying, the second column light microscope images at the same magnification after drying. The third and fourth columns show AFM images at two different scan sizes."} {"question_id": 1384, "question": "Is the frame width of the LM images approximately 1 mm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1949822_F4_13065.jpg", "report": "Cell and biofilm morphology of Salmonella Typhimurium UMR1 (wt) and its mutants MAE52 (csgD++), MAE51 (csgD), MAE14 (csgBA), MAE222 (bcsA) and MAE619 (bapA) after growth for 24 hours. The first column shows light microscope (LM) images (with a frame width of approx. 0.6 mm) before drying, the second column light microscope images at the same magnification after drying. The third and fourth columns show AFM images at two different scan sizes."} {"question_id": 1385, "question": "Does the cytomorphology in the EBUS FNA show loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895875_F0003_68031.jpg", "report": "A case of LCNEC in EBUS FNA. a, b) The cytomorphology shows loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding, hyperchromasia, and crush artifact, which mimics a small cell carcinoma (a. DQ stain, ×400). However, there are also cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli (b. DQ stain, ×600). c,d) The cell block showed areas of necrosis and highlights the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which is most consistent with a LCNEC [(H and E stain, ×400 (C) and ×600 (D)]"} {"question_id": 1386, "question": "Are the cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli consistent with small cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895875_F0003_68031.jpg", "report": "A case of LCNEC in EBUS FNA. a, b) The cytomorphology shows loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding, hyperchromasia, and crush artifact, which mimics a small cell carcinoma (a. DQ stain, ×400). However, there are also cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli (b. DQ stain, ×600). c,d) The cell block showed areas of necrosis and highlights the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which is most consistent with a LCNEC [(H and E stain, ×400 (C) and ×600 (D)]"} {"question_id": 1387, "question": "Does the cell block show areas of necrosis in the tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895875_F0003_68031.jpg", "report": "A case of LCNEC in EBUS FNA. a, b) The cytomorphology shows loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding, hyperchromasia, and crush artifact, which mimics a small cell carcinoma (a. DQ stain, ×400). However, there are also cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli (b. DQ stain, ×600). c,d) The cell block showed areas of necrosis and highlights the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which is most consistent with a LCNEC [(H and E stain, ×400 (C) and ×600 (D)]"} {"question_id": 1388, "question": "Is the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells more consistent with an adenocarcinoma rather than LCNEC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895875_F0003_68031.jpg", "report": "A case of LCNEC in EBUS FNA. a, b) The cytomorphology shows loosely cohesive clusters of cells with nuclear molding, hyperchromasia, and crush artifact, which mimics a small cell carcinoma (a. DQ stain, ×400). However, there are also cells with more abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli (b. DQ stain, ×600). c,d) The cell block showed areas of necrosis and highlights the eosinophilic cytoplasm of the tumor cells, which is most consistent with a LCNEC [(H and E stain, ×400 (C) and ×600 (D)]"} {"question_id": 1389, "question": "Are normal B. mori cells shown in panel (A)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014814_f04_82917.jpg", "report": "Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1390, "question": "Do panels (B–D) depict H2O2 treated cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014814_f04_82917.jpg", "report": "Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1391, "question": "Does panel (G) show cells treated with H2O2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014814_f04_82917.jpg", "report": "Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1392, "question": "Were the photos taken at 400× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014814_f04_82917.jpg", "report": "Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1393, "question": "Are the USC-HN1 cells used in the study derived from a human source?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841166_F6_59581.jpg", "report": "Immunoperoxidase staining of USC-HN1 cells in Nude mouse heterotransplant and in cytospin preparations for HNSCC classification markers. Photomicrograph of immunoperoxidase staining of original tumor biopsy (top), IHC stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of USC-HN1 Nude mouse heterotransplant (middle), and USC-HN1 cells from culture in a cytospin preparation (bottom) for keratin, E-cadherin, EGFr, CD44, p53 and Rb (×200 original magnification)."} {"question_id": 1394, "question": "Is keratin one of the markers used in the immunoperoxidase staining for HNSCC classification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841166_F6_59581.jpg", "report": "Immunoperoxidase staining of USC-HN1 cells in Nude mouse heterotransplant and in cytospin preparations for HNSCC classification markers. Photomicrograph of immunoperoxidase staining of original tumor biopsy (top), IHC stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of USC-HN1 Nude mouse heterotransplant (middle), and USC-HN1 cells from culture in a cytospin preparation (bottom) for keratin, E-cadherin, EGFr, CD44, p53 and Rb (×200 original magnification)."} {"question_id": 1395, "question": "Are the tissue sections stained for classification markers formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2841166_F6_59581.jpg", "report": "Immunoperoxidase staining of USC-HN1 cells in Nude mouse heterotransplant and in cytospin preparations for HNSCC classification markers. Photomicrograph of immunoperoxidase staining of original tumor biopsy (top), IHC stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of USC-HN1 Nude mouse heterotransplant (middle), and USC-HN1 cells from culture in a cytospin preparation (bottom) for keratin, E-cadherin, EGFr, CD44, p53 and Rb (×200 original magnification)."} {"question_id": 1398, "question": "Does the photomicrograph show cohesive clusters of tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876702_F0003_64897.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph (H and E, ×10 and ×20) of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the tumor showing cohesive clusters of tumor cells. Inset reveals vacuolated cytoplasm of tumor cells"} {"question_id": 1399, "question": "Are the tumor cells in the image exhibiting vacuolated cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876702_F0003_64897.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph (H and E, ×10 and ×20) of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the tumor showing cohesive clusters of tumor cells. Inset reveals vacuolated cytoplasm of tumor cells"} {"question_id": 1400, "question": "Is the photomicrograph taken from a biopsy rather than a fine-needle aspiration?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2876702_F0003_64897.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph (H and E, ×10 and ×20) of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the tumor showing cohesive clusters of tumor cells. Inset reveals vacuolated cytoplasm of tumor cells"} {"question_id": 1401, "question": "Was the fine-needle aspiration guided by ultrasound?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2876702_F0003_64897.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph (H and E, ×10 and ×20) of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the tumor showing cohesive clusters of tumor cells. Inset reveals vacuolated cytoplasm of tumor cells"} {"question_id": 1402, "question": "Are Calotropis procera leaves known to contain latex?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876921_F0002_64959.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf"} {"question_id": 1403, "question": "Does the microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf typically reveal the presence of trichomes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876921_F0002_64959.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf"} {"question_id": 1404, "question": "Are the cells observed in Calotropis procera leaf microscopy predominantly squamous epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2876921_F0002_64959.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf"} {"question_id": 1405, "question": "Is the presence of laticifers a characteristic feature of Calotropis procera leaf microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876921_F0002_64959.jpg", "report": "Microscopy of Calotropis procera leaf"} {"question_id": 1406, "question": "Are the renal sections stained with periodic acid Schiff?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212569_F2_16561.jpg", "report": "Renal histopathology in knockout MRL mice and control MRL mice. Sections showing the renal histopathology of C4bp-/-MRL/lpr(KO MRL) mice and littermate control (CTRL MRL) mice. (a) Representative formalin-fixed sections from the kidney stained with periodic acid Schiff (0.75NA, 400× magnification). Glomeruli with crescentic changes are shown. (b) Sections stained with periodic acid Schiff showing perivascular inflammation around branching arteries (white arrows) (0.15NA, 50× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1407, "question": "Do the knockout MRL mice exhibit crescentic changes in the glomeruli?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212569_F2_16561.jpg", "report": "Renal histopathology in knockout MRL mice and control MRL mice. Sections showing the renal histopathology of C4bp-/-MRL/lpr(KO MRL) mice and littermate control (CTRL MRL) mice. (a) Representative formalin-fixed sections from the kidney stained with periodic acid Schiff (0.75NA, 400× magnification). Glomeruli with crescentic changes are shown. (b) Sections stained with periodic acid Schiff showing perivascular inflammation around branching arteries (white arrows) (0.15NA, 50× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1408, "question": "Is there evidence of perivascular inflammation around branching arteries in the control MRL mice?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2212569_F2_16561.jpg", "report": "Renal histopathology in knockout MRL mice and control MRL mice. Sections showing the renal histopathology of C4bp-/-MRL/lpr(KO MRL) mice and littermate control (CTRL MRL) mice. (a) Representative formalin-fixed sections from the kidney stained with periodic acid Schiff (0.75NA, 400× magnification). Glomeruli with crescentic changes are shown. (b) Sections stained with periodic acid Schiff showing perivascular inflammation around branching arteries (white arrows) (0.15NA, 50× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1409, "question": "Are the magnifications used in the imaging 400× and 50×, respectively?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2212569_F2_16561.jpg", "report": "Renal histopathology in knockout MRL mice and control MRL mice. Sections showing the renal histopathology of C4bp-/-MRL/lpr(KO MRL) mice and littermate control (CTRL MRL) mice. (a) Representative formalin-fixed sections from the kidney stained with periodic acid Schiff (0.75NA, 400× magnification). Glomeruli with crescentic changes are shown. (b) Sections stained with periodic acid Schiff showing perivascular inflammation around branching arteries (white arrows) (0.15NA, 50× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1410, "question": "Do transcripts for the identified genes accumulate in young leaf primordia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2673047_pgen-1000476-g003_37766.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization analyses of genes upregulated in the P0/P1.Transcripts for six genes identified in SAM microarray analyses as differentially expressed in the P0/P1 SAM all accumulate in young leaf primordia (arrows) and in the lower SAM periphery and P0 (arrowhead)."} {"question_id": 1411, "question": "Are the genes identified in the SAM microarray analyses downregulated in the P0/P1 SAM?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2673047_pgen-1000476-g003_37766.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization analyses of genes upregulated in the P0/P1.Transcripts for six genes identified in SAM microarray analyses as differentially expressed in the P0/P1 SAM all accumulate in young leaf primordia (arrows) and in the lower SAM periphery and P0 (arrowhead)."} {"question_id": 1412, "question": "Is the lower SAM periphery involved in the accumulation of transcripts for these genes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2673047_pgen-1000476-g003_37766.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization analyses of genes upregulated in the P0/P1.Transcripts for six genes identified in SAM microarray analyses as differentially expressed in the P0/P1 SAM all accumulate in young leaf primordia (arrows) and in the lower SAM periphery and P0 (arrowhead)."} {"question_id": 1413, "question": "Do the transcripts for the identified genes avoid accumulating in the P0 region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2673047_pgen-1000476-g003_37766.jpg", "report": "In situ hybridization analyses of genes upregulated in the P0/P1.Transcripts for six genes identified in SAM microarray analyses as differentially expressed in the P0/P1 SAM all accumulate in young leaf primordia (arrows) and in the lower SAM periphery and P0 (arrowhead)."} {"question_id": 1414, "question": "Is Neil3 expressed in the hippocampal differentiation fields (CA) of the developing mouse forebrain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2686684_F3_39105.jpg", "report": "Expression of Neil3 in developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation was performed on coronal sections of mouse brains at different embryonic stages. Magnifications of Neil3-positive cells are shown to the right. Abbreviations: CA, hippocampal differentiation fields; Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Hy, hypothalamus; LV, lateral ventricle; SM, secondary matrix; SVZ, subventricle zone."} {"question_id": 1415, "question": "Are Neil3-positive cells absent in the cortex (Ctx) during mouse forebrain development?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2686684_F3_39105.jpg", "report": "Expression of Neil3 in developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation was performed on coronal sections of mouse brains at different embryonic stages. Magnifications of Neil3-positive cells are shown to the right. Abbreviations: CA, hippocampal differentiation fields; Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Hy, hypothalamus; LV, lateral ventricle; SM, secondary matrix; SVZ, subventricle zone."} {"question_id": 1416, "question": "Is Neil3 expression observed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the mouse forebrain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2686684_F3_39105.jpg", "report": "Expression of Neil3 in developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation was performed on coronal sections of mouse brains at different embryonic stages. Magnifications of Neil3-positive cells are shown to the right. Abbreviations: CA, hippocampal differentiation fields; Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Hy, hypothalamus; LV, lateral ventricle; SM, secondary matrix; SVZ, subventricle zone."} {"question_id": 1417, "question": "Is Neil3 expression limited to the lateral ventricle (LV) in the developing mouse forebrain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2686684_F3_39105.jpg", "report": "Expression of Neil3 in developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation was performed on coronal sections of mouse brains at different embryonic stages. Magnifications of Neil3-positive cells are shown to the right. Abbreviations: CA, hippocampal differentiation fields; Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; Hy, hypothalamus; LV, lateral ventricle; SM, secondary matrix; SVZ, subventricle zone."} {"question_id": 1418, "question": "Is the aneurysm located in the distal part of the right axillary artery?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938427_fig1_73424.jpg", "report": "Digital subtraction angiography confirmed an aneurysm at the distal part of right axillary artery (a). In the presented case, pathologic examination of aneurismal sac revealed that all three layers of the arterial wall were intact despite various degrees of degeneration and fibrosis in the media layer (b). H&Ex100."} {"question_id": 1419, "question": "Did the pathologic examination reveal that all three layers of the arterial wall were disrupted?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2938427_fig1_73424.jpg", "report": "Digital subtraction angiography confirmed an aneurysm at the distal part of right axillary artery (a). In the presented case, pathologic examination of aneurismal sac revealed that all three layers of the arterial wall were intact despite various degrees of degeneration and fibrosis in the media layer (b). H&Ex100."} {"question_id": 1420, "question": "Was there degeneration and fibrosis observed in the media layer of the aneurismal sac?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938427_fig1_73424.jpg", "report": "Digital subtraction angiography confirmed an aneurysm at the distal part of right axillary artery (a). In the presented case, pathologic examination of aneurismal sac revealed that all three layers of the arterial wall were intact despite various degrees of degeneration and fibrosis in the media layer (b). H&Ex100."} {"question_id": 1421, "question": "Was the aneurysm identified using computed tomography (CT) scan?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2938427_fig1_73424.jpg", "report": "Digital subtraction angiography confirmed an aneurysm at the distal part of right axillary artery (a). In the presented case, pathologic examination of aneurismal sac revealed that all three layers of the arterial wall were intact despite various degrees of degeneration and fibrosis in the media layer (b). H&Ex100."} {"question_id": 1422, "question": "Is the expression of EIF2C1-4 stronger in the cytoplasm of colon cancer tissue compared to adjacent non-cancer tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2843668_F2_60016.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200."} {"question_id": 1423, "question": "Are the magnifications used in this study greater than ×200?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2843668_F2_60016.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200."} {"question_id": 1424, "question": "Does the adjacent non-cancer tissue exhibit very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2843668_F2_60016.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200."} {"question_id": 1425, "question": "Is the immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1-4 limited to the nucleus in colon cancer tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2843668_F2_60016.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical expression of EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3 and EIF2C4 in colon cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue. In colon cancer tissue EIF2C1-4 expression was often stronger in the cytoplasm compared with adjacent non-cancer tissue (A, B, C, D). Adjacent non-cancer tissue is detected with very weak EIF2C1-4 expression in the cytoplasm (E, F, G, H). Magnifications: ×200."} {"question_id": 1426, "question": "Is matrix metalloproteinase 28 localized within the inner annulus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3003526_F5_81488.jpg", "report": "Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 in the inner annulus. Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 within the pericellular encapsulation matrix (arrows) of cells in the inner annulus of a Thompson Grade II disc. Magnification: ×465."} {"question_id": 1427, "question": "Was the matrix metalloproteinase 28 identified within a Thompson Grade IV disc?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3003526_F5_81488.jpg", "report": "Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 in the inner annulus. Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 within the pericellular encapsulation matrix (arrows) of cells in the inner annulus of a Thompson Grade II disc. Magnification: ×465."} {"question_id": 1428, "question": "Does the pericellular encapsulation matrix of cells in the inner annulus show positive localization for matrix metalloproteinase 28?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3003526_F5_81488.jpg", "report": "Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 in the inner annulus. Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 within the pericellular encapsulation matrix (arrows) of cells in the inner annulus of a Thompson Grade II disc. Magnification: ×465."} {"question_id": 1429, "question": "Was the magnification used for observing the matrix metalloproteinase 28 localization in the inner annulus less than ×400?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3003526_F5_81488.jpg", "report": "Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 in the inner annulus. Positive localization of matrix metalloproteinase 28 within the pericellular encapsulation matrix (arrows) of cells in the inner annulus of a Thompson Grade II disc. Magnification: ×465."} {"question_id": 1430, "question": "Is phospho-Akt localization observed in normal bronchial biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1325242_F1_4299.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D)."} {"question_id": 1431, "question": "Are the antibodies used in the study specific for the unphosphorylated form of Akt?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1325242_F1_4299.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D)."} {"question_id": 1432, "question": "Is nuclear fast red used as a counterstain in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1325242_F1_4299.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D)."} {"question_id": 1433, "question": "Does severe dysplasia exhibit less phospho-Akt localization compared to normal tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1325242_F1_4299.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D)."} {"question_id": 1434, "question": "Can Giardia lamblia trophozoites be visualized using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743995_pone-0007156-g001_46031.jpg", "report": "Localization of actin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts.The cells were labeled using TRITC-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, DIC image of trophozoites. B, Trophozoites stained with TRITC-phalloidin (d = ventral disc; m = median body; n = nuclei; and, f = flagella). C, DIC image of cysts. D, Cysts stained with TRITC-phalloidin. E and F, optical slices of D. The B inset represents an optical slice. The nuclei were labelled with DAPI."} {"question_id": 1435, "question": "Are the median bodies of Giardia lamblia trophozoites stained with DAPI in the given report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2743995_pone-0007156-g001_46031.jpg", "report": "Localization of actin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts.The cells were labeled using TRITC-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, DIC image of trophozoites. B, Trophozoites stained with TRITC-phalloidin (d = ventral disc; m = median body; n = nuclei; and, f = flagella). C, DIC image of cysts. D, Cysts stained with TRITC-phalloidin. E and F, optical slices of D. The B inset represents an optical slice. The nuclei were labelled with DAPI."} {"question_id": 1436, "question": "Is TRITC-phalloidin used to label actin in Giardia lamblia cysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2743995_pone-0007156-g001_46031.jpg", "report": "Localization of actin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts.The cells were labeled using TRITC-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, DIC image of trophozoites. B, Trophozoites stained with TRITC-phalloidin (d = ventral disc; m = median body; n = nuclei; and, f = flagella). C, DIC image of cysts. D, Cysts stained with TRITC-phalloidin. E and F, optical slices of D. The B inset represents an optical slice. The nuclei were labelled with DAPI."} {"question_id": 1437, "question": "Are the nuclei of Giardia lamblia cysts labeled with TRITC-phalloidin in the images provided?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2743995_pone-0007156-g001_46031.jpg", "report": "Localization of actin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts.The cells were labeled using TRITC-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, DIC image of trophozoites. B, Trophozoites stained with TRITC-phalloidin (d = ventral disc; m = median body; n = nuclei; and, f = flagella). C, DIC image of cysts. D, Cysts stained with TRITC-phalloidin. E and F, optical slices of D. The B inset represents an optical slice. The nuclei were labelled with DAPI."} {"question_id": 1438, "question": "Does immunohistochemical staining for Fas in GIST samples show predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584951_fig3_30360.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400)."} {"question_id": 1439, "question": "Is the staining for FasL in GIST samples predominantly nuclear?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2584951_fig3_30360.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400)."} {"question_id": 1440, "question": "Can FasL immunostaining in GIST samples exhibit granular cytoplasmic staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2584951_fig3_30360.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400)."} {"question_id": 1441, "question": "Is the magnification used for the immunostaining images × 1000?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2584951_fig3_30360.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400)."} {"question_id": 1442, "question": "Is HIF-1α primarily visualized using immunohistochemistry in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2653758_fig1_35830.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of HIF-1α in human gastric cancer tissues. Paraffin sections were pretreated as described in Materials and Methods, and HIF-1α was visualised by means of immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative control staining. (B–E) Expression of HIF-1α in established human gastric cancers, showing that the vast majority of tumour cells were positively stained for HIF-1α over nuclei. Magnification × 100 (A and B) and × 200 (C–E)."} {"question_id": 1443, "question": "Are the tumour cells in the human gastric cancer tissues negatively stained for HIF-1α?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2653758_fig1_35830.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of HIF-1α in human gastric cancer tissues. Paraffin sections were pretreated as described in Materials and Methods, and HIF-1α was visualised by means of immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative control staining. (B–E) Expression of HIF-1α in established human gastric cancers, showing that the vast majority of tumour cells were positively stained for HIF-1α over nuclei. Magnification × 100 (A and B) and × 200 (C–E)."} {"question_id": 1444, "question": "Is the magnification used for imaging the human gastric cancer tissues × 100 and × 200?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2653758_fig1_35830.jpg", "report": "Expression pattern of HIF-1α in human gastric cancer tissues. Paraffin sections were pretreated as described in Materials and Methods, and HIF-1α was visualised by means of immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative control staining. (B–E) Expression of HIF-1α in established human gastric cancers, showing that the vast majority of tumour cells were positively stained for HIF-1α over nuclei. Magnification × 100 (A and B) and × 200 (C–E)."} {"question_id": 1446, "question": "Does LruA-antiserum react with equine lens tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2914785_pntd-0000778-g001_70587.jpg", "report": "LruA and LruB-antiserum reacts with lenticular and retinal tissues.(A) Photomicrographs showing uniform homogeneous fluorescence in a section of equine lens incubated with LruA-antiserum (1∶100) but not with preserum (B) (×100). (C) Photomicrographs showing a positive fluorescence in a frozen section of equine retina incubated with LruB-antiserum (1∶100) but not with pre-immunization serum (D) (×100). Inset (×400)."} {"question_id": 1447, "question": "Is there homogeneous fluorescence observed in sections of equine lens incubated with preserum?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2914785_pntd-0000778-g001_70587.jpg", "report": "LruA and LruB-antiserum reacts with lenticular and retinal tissues.(A) Photomicrographs showing uniform homogeneous fluorescence in a section of equine lens incubated with LruA-antiserum (1∶100) but not with preserum (B) (×100). (C) Photomicrographs showing a positive fluorescence in a frozen section of equine retina incubated with LruB-antiserum (1∶100) but not with pre-immunization serum (D) (×100). Inset (×400)."} {"question_id": 1448, "question": "Does LruB-antiserum show positive fluorescence in equine retinal tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2914785_pntd-0000778-g001_70587.jpg", "report": "LruA and LruB-antiserum reacts with lenticular and retinal tissues.(A) Photomicrographs showing uniform homogeneous fluorescence in a section of equine lens incubated with LruA-antiserum (1∶100) but not with preserum (B) (×100). (C) Photomicrographs showing a positive fluorescence in a frozen section of equine retina incubated with LruB-antiserum (1∶100) but not with pre-immunization serum (D) (×100). Inset (×400)."} {"question_id": 1449, "question": "Is there any positive fluorescence in equine retina sections incubated with pre-immunization serum?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2914785_pntd-0000778-g001_70587.jpg", "report": "LruA and LruB-antiserum reacts with lenticular and retinal tissues.(A) Photomicrographs showing uniform homogeneous fluorescence in a section of equine lens incubated with LruA-antiserum (1∶100) but not with preserum (B) (×100). (C) Photomicrographs showing a positive fluorescence in a frozen section of equine retina incubated with LruB-antiserum (1∶100) but not with pre-immunization serum (D) (×100). Inset (×400)."} {"question_id": 1450, "question": "Is CXCR4 expression observed in adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2708193_F1_41419.jpg", "report": "CXCR4 expression on both tumor cells of primary tumors and metastatic lesions. A) adenocarcinoma, B) squamous cell carcinoma, C) adenocarcinoma (negative control), D) lymph node metastasis, E) bone metastasis, and F) bone metastasis (negative control). Magnification is at 100× for A-C and 200× for D-F."} {"question_id": 1451, "question": "Are both primary tumors and metastatic lesions analyzed for CXCR4 expression in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2708193_F1_41419.jpg", "report": "CXCR4 expression on both tumor cells of primary tumors and metastatic lesions. A) adenocarcinoma, B) squamous cell carcinoma, C) adenocarcinoma (negative control), D) lymph node metastasis, E) bone metastasis, and F) bone metastasis (negative control). Magnification is at 100× for A-C and 200× for D-F."} {"question_id": 1453, "question": "Are the bone metastasis images taken at a magnification of 200×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2708193_F1_41419.jpg", "report": "CXCR4 expression on both tumor cells of primary tumors and metastatic lesions. A) adenocarcinoma, B) squamous cell carcinoma, C) adenocarcinoma (negative control), D) lymph node metastasis, E) bone metastasis, and F) bone metastasis (negative control). Magnification is at 100× for A-C and 200× for D-F."} {"question_id": 1454, "question": "Does BAFF expression increase in salivary epithelial cells after stimulation with IFN-α?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1526588_F4_6356.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin."} {"question_id": 1455, "question": "Is there a significant change in BAFF expression with IFN-α stimulation compared to the baseline?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1526588_F4_6356.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin."} {"question_id": 1456, "question": "Does IFN-γ stimulation also result in enhanced BAFF expression in salivary epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1526588_F4_6356.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin."} {"question_id": 1457, "question": "Is the negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin indicative of BAFF expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1526588_F4_6356.jpg", "report": "Immunocytochemical analysis of BAFF expression in salivary epithelilal cells from minor salivary glands. Positive staining for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) 48 hours after stimulation with IFN-α (2,400 U/ml) (c) and with IFN-γ (5 ng/ml) (d) was markedly enhanced compared with baseline (b). (a) Negative control with polyclonal rat immunoglobulin."} {"question_id": 1458, "question": "Are the immunohistochemical staining patterns indicative of ductal carcinoma in situ primarily located in the upper row?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2362056_fig2_21646.jpg", "report": "Ductal carcinoma in situ specimens with representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for (upper row) bFGF (A), bFGF-R1 (B), VEGF-A (C), Flt-1 (D), KDR (E), and (lower row) VEGF-C (F), Flt-4 (G), ET-1 (H), ETAR (I), ETBR (J)."} {"question_id": 1459, "question": "Does the lower row include staining patterns for VEGF-C and Flt-4?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2362056_fig2_21646.jpg", "report": "Ductal carcinoma in situ specimens with representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for (upper row) bFGF (A), bFGF-R1 (B), VEGF-A (C), Flt-1 (D), KDR (E), and (lower row) VEGF-C (F), Flt-4 (G), ET-1 (H), ETAR (I), ETBR (J)."} {"question_id": 1460, "question": "Is VEGF-A staining found in the lower row of the specimens?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2362056_fig2_21646.jpg", "report": "Ductal carcinoma in situ specimens with representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for (upper row) bFGF (A), bFGF-R1 (B), VEGF-A (C), Flt-1 (D), KDR (E), and (lower row) VEGF-C (F), Flt-4 (G), ET-1 (H), ETAR (I), ETBR (J)."} {"question_id": 1461, "question": "Are the staining patterns for ET-1 and ETAR located in the upper row of the specimens?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2362056_fig2_21646.jpg", "report": "Ductal carcinoma in situ specimens with representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for (upper row) bFGF (A), bFGF-R1 (B), VEGF-A (C), Flt-1 (D), KDR (E), and (lower row) VEGF-C (F), Flt-4 (G), ET-1 (H), ETAR (I), ETBR (J)."} {"question_id": 1462, "question": "Is the immunoreactivity of HAS1 observed in both normal and neoplastic human endometrium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2956733_F3_76288.jpg", "report": "HAS 1-3 immunoreactivity and HA-staining in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Immunostaining of HAS1 (A, B), HAS2 (C, D), HAS3 (E, F) and HA (G, H) in normal human endometrium (A, C, E, G) and in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections (B, D, F, H). The brown color (DAB) indicates HAS (A-F) or HA (G, H), and blue color (haematoxylin) indicates nuclei. A-F: 200× original magnification. G, H: 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 1463, "question": "Are the nuclei stained blue with haematoxylin in the provided pathology images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2956733_F3_76288.jpg", "report": "HAS 1-3 immunoreactivity and HA-staining in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Immunostaining of HAS1 (A, B), HAS2 (C, D), HAS3 (E, F) and HA (G, H) in normal human endometrium (A, C, E, G) and in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections (B, D, F, H). The brown color (DAB) indicates HAS (A-F) or HA (G, H), and blue color (haematoxylin) indicates nuclei. A-F: 200× original magnification. G, H: 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 1464, "question": "Is HA staining absent in the grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2956733_F3_76288.jpg", "report": "HAS 1-3 immunoreactivity and HA-staining in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Immunostaining of HAS1 (A, B), HAS2 (C, D), HAS3 (E, F) and HA (G, H) in normal human endometrium (A, C, E, G) and in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections (B, D, F, H). The brown color (DAB) indicates HAS (A-F) or HA (G, H), and blue color (haematoxylin) indicates nuclei. A-F: 200× original magnification. G, H: 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 1465, "question": "Are the images of HAS3 immunostaining at 100× original magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2956733_F3_76288.jpg", "report": "HAS 1-3 immunoreactivity and HA-staining in normal and neoplastic human endometrium. Immunostaining of HAS1 (A, B), HAS2 (C, D), HAS3 (E, F) and HA (G, H) in normal human endometrium (A, C, E, G) and in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissue sections (B, D, F, H). The brown color (DAB) indicates HAS (A-F) or HA (G, H), and blue color (haematoxylin) indicates nuclei. A-F: 200× original magnification. G, H: 100× original magnification."} {"question_id": 1466, "question": "Are the VIP fibers stained red in the photomicrograph?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2669176_pone-0005322-g002_37324.jpg", "report": "VIP-GnRH interactions.Confocal microscopy photomicrographs of 0.5 µm optical sections showing the relationship between a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fiber (A: VIP, red) and a GnRH-GFP perikaryon (B: GnRH, green). Panel C shows the superimposed images. Scale bars = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1468, "question": "Is the GnRH-GFP perikaryon stained green in the images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2669176_pone-0005322-g002_37324.jpg", "report": "VIP-GnRH interactions.Confocal microscopy photomicrographs of 0.5 µm optical sections showing the relationship between a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fiber (A: VIP, red) and a GnRH-GFP perikaryon (B: GnRH, green). Panel C shows the superimposed images. Scale bars = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1469, "question": "Are the scale bars in the photomicrographs larger than 50 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2669176_pone-0005322-g002_37324.jpg", "report": "VIP-GnRH interactions.Confocal microscopy photomicrographs of 0.5 µm optical sections showing the relationship between a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fiber (A: VIP, red) and a GnRH-GFP perikaryon (B: GnRH, green). Panel C shows the superimposed images. Scale bars = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1470, "question": "Are the tumor cells positive for ACT (actin)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2887780_F4_66634.jpg", "report": "Positive immunohistochemical findings (immunoperoxidase technique; ×200). The tumor cells are positive for ACT (a) and VIM (b). Labeling index of Ki-67 (c) is 35%."} {"question_id": 1471, "question": "Do the tumor cells exhibit a labeling index of Ki-67 below 20%?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2887780_F4_66634.jpg", "report": "Positive immunohistochemical findings (immunoperoxidase technique; ×200). The tumor cells are positive for ACT (a) and VIM (b). Labeling index of Ki-67 (c) is 35%."} {"question_id": 1472, "question": "Is the immunohistochemical finding for VIM (vimentin) positive in the tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2887780_F4_66634.jpg", "report": "Positive immunohistochemical findings (immunoperoxidase technique; ×200). The tumor cells are positive for ACT (a) and VIM (b). Labeling index of Ki-67 (c) is 35%."} {"question_id": 1473, "question": "Is the Ki-67 labeling index indicative of a low proliferation rate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2887780_F4_66634.jpg", "report": "Positive immunohistochemical findings (immunoperoxidase technique; ×200). The tumor cells are positive for ACT (a) and VIM (b). Labeling index of Ki-67 (c) is 35%."} {"question_id": 1474, "question": "Were the submandibular glands dissociated using hyaluronidase and collagenase?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1475, "question": "Did the cultured cells form spheres within 2-3 days?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1476, "question": "Did the size of the spheres remain constant over time?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1477, "question": "Was BrdU incorporation used to indicate that the cells in the culture were actively dividing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1478, "question": "Does the negative control for BrdU show staining in brown?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2329592_pone-0002063-g001_20581.jpg", "report": "\nIn vitro salisphere formation.(A) Dissociation of submandibular glands using hyaluronidase and collagenase resulted in clustered cell suspensions. 9723 ± 795 spheres were formed after 2–3 days of culturing (B), which increased in size in time (C,D). BrdU incorporation indicated that the cells in the culture were actively dividing (E–H). BrdU incorporation stained in brown, nuclei in blue. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset shows negative control for BrdU, scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1479, "question": "Do the cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o. exhibit a differentiated, elongated morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1434730_F7_5045.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o... Cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o.. Some cells obtained a differentiated, elongated morphology, unlike cells in cultures from younger embryos. 400 × magnification."} {"question_id": 1480, "question": "Are cells from younger embryos also showing a differentiated, elongated morphology in the cultures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1434730_F7_5045.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o... Cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o.. Some cells obtained a differentiated, elongated morphology, unlike cells in cultures from younger embryos. 400 × magnification."} {"question_id": 1481, "question": "Is the differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o. easily observed at 400× magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1434730_F7_5045.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o... Cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o.. Some cells obtained a differentiated, elongated morphology, unlike cells in cultures from younger embryos. 400 × magnification."} {"question_id": 1482, "question": "Are the cells in cultures from embryos 36–44 h.a.o. indistinguishable from those of younger embryos?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1434730_F7_5045.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of cells initiated from embryos 36–44 h.a.o... Cultivated cells from embryos 36–44 h.a.o.. Some cells obtained a differentiated, elongated morphology, unlike cells in cultures from younger embryos. 400 × magnification."} {"question_id": 1483, "question": "Does the baseline skin biopsy show the presence of lymphocytic infiltration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908605_F5_69536.jpg", "report": "Base line skin biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration."} {"question_id": 1484, "question": "Is neutrophilic infiltration evident in the baseline skin biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908605_F5_69536.jpg", "report": "Base line skin biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration."} {"question_id": 1485, "question": "Can lymphocytic infiltration be indicative of an immune response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2908605_F5_69536.jpg", "report": "Base line skin biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration."} {"question_id": 1486, "question": "Is eosinophilic infiltration observed in the baseline skin biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2908605_F5_69536.jpg", "report": "Base line skin biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration."} {"question_id": 1487, "question": "Are the arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination typically at the blastocyst stage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2220003_F1_16874.jpg", "report": "Appearance of 2–4 cell arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination. Morphological appearance of day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos. Embryos at this time after in vitro fertilization usually reached the blastocyst stage (a), while arrested embryos still appeared as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos (b). (Magnification: 400×)."} {"question_id": 1488, "question": "Do the arrested embryos still appear as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2220003_F1_16874.jpg", "report": "Appearance of 2–4 cell arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination. Morphological appearance of day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos. Embryos at this time after in vitro fertilization usually reached the blastocyst stage (a), while arrested embryos still appeared as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos (b). (Magnification: 400×)."} {"question_id": 1489, "question": "Is the magnification used to observe the embryos 400×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2220003_F1_16874.jpg", "report": "Appearance of 2–4 cell arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination. Morphological appearance of day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos. Embryos at this time after in vitro fertilization usually reached the blastocyst stage (a), while arrested embryos still appeared as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos (b). (Magnification: 400×)."} {"question_id": 1490, "question": "Do day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos usually remain at the 2–4 cell stage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2220003_F1_16874.jpg", "report": "Appearance of 2–4 cell arrested embryos at day-8 post insemination. Morphological appearance of day-8 in vitro produced bovine embryos. Embryos at this time after in vitro fertilization usually reached the blastocyst stage (a), while arrested embryos still appeared as morphologically normal 2–4 cell embryos (b). (Magnification: 400×)."} {"question_id": 1491, "question": "Are spindle cells present in the specimen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2740047_fig-003_45282.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of specimen revealed variable cellularity, and spindle cells having bland nuclei, and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1492, "question": "Do the spindle cells have malignant features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2740047_fig-003_45282.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of specimen revealed variable cellularity, and spindle cells having bland nuclei, and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1493, "question": "Is there an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2740047_fig-003_45282.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of specimen revealed variable cellularity, and spindle cells having bland nuclei, and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1494, "question": "Is the cellularity of the specimen uniform?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2740047_fig-003_45282.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of specimen revealed variable cellularity, and spindle cells having bland nuclei, and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1495, "question": "Are late-EPC colonies identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g001_16265.jpg", "report": "Late-EPCs can be cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cKS.A representative phase-contrast photograph of a late-EPC colony, identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells, is shown. Similar colonies were obtained from 15 different patients. A) ×100 magnification, B) ×200 magnification. Late-EPCs were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system."} {"question_id": 1496, "question": "Were similar colonies obtained from less than 10 different patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g001_16265.jpg", "report": "Late-EPCs can be cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cKS.A representative phase-contrast photograph of a late-EPC colony, identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells, is shown. Similar colonies were obtained from 15 different patients. A) ×100 magnification, B) ×200 magnification. Late-EPCs were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system."} {"question_id": 1497, "question": "Was the ×200 magnification used to photograph the late-EPCs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g001_16265.jpg", "report": "Late-EPCs can be cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cKS.A representative phase-contrast photograph of a late-EPC colony, identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells, is shown. Similar colonies were obtained from 15 different patients. A) ×100 magnification, B) ×200 magnification. Late-EPCs were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system."} {"question_id": 1498, "question": "Were the late-EPCs photographed using an electron microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2204065_pone-0001520-g001_16265.jpg", "report": "Late-EPCs can be cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cKS.A representative phase-contrast photograph of a late-EPC colony, identified as a well-circumscribed monolayer of cobblestone-appearing cells, is shown. Similar colonies were obtained from 15 different patients. A) ×100 magnification, B) ×200 magnification. Late-EPCs were photographed using a Leitz Diavert microscope system."} {"question_id": 1499, "question": "Does the histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors include H&E staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952619_pone-0013298-g003_75587.jpg", "report": "Histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors by H&E and β-Catenin staining.Surgically removed tumor was fixed in buffered formalin and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) by standard protocol."} {"question_id": 1500, "question": "Is β-Catenin staining used in the analysis of the engrafted tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952619_pone-0013298-g003_75587.jpg", "report": "Histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors by H&E and β-Catenin staining.Surgically removed tumor was fixed in buffered formalin and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) by standard protocol."} {"question_id": 1501, "question": "Was the surgically removed tumor fixed in a saline solution before analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2952619_pone-0013298-g003_75587.jpg", "report": "Histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors by H&E and β-Catenin staining.Surgically removed tumor was fixed in buffered formalin and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) by standard protocol."} {"question_id": 1502, "question": "Is immunohistochemistry (IHC) used as part of the standard protocol for tumor analysis in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952619_pone-0013298-g003_75587.jpg", "report": "Histopathologic examination of the engrafted tumors by H&E and β-Catenin staining.Surgically removed tumor was fixed in buffered formalin and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) by standard protocol."} {"question_id": 1503, "question": "Is BAFF immunoreactivity observed in breast carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2323393_F1_20518.jpg", "report": "BAFF immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma (A), DCIS (B, arrowhead) and normal appearing duct (C, arrow) and lobule (C, arrowhead). Normal adipocytes are stained positively for BAFF (Pannel A, arrowhead). In D, a higher magnification is shown, in which a homogeneous cytoplasmic BAFF immunoreactivity is shown, with more prominent cell membrane staining. E: Normal Ig isotype staining."} {"question_id": 1504, "question": "Are normal adipocytes stained negatively for BAFF?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2323393_F1_20518.jpg", "report": "BAFF immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma (A), DCIS (B, arrowhead) and normal appearing duct (C, arrow) and lobule (C, arrowhead). Normal adipocytes are stained positively for BAFF (Pannel A, arrowhead). In D, a higher magnification is shown, in which a homogeneous cytoplasmic BAFF immunoreactivity is shown, with more prominent cell membrane staining. E: Normal Ig isotype staining."} {"question_id": 1505, "question": "Is there more prominent cell membrane staining in the higher magnification view?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2323393_F1_20518.jpg", "report": "BAFF immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma (A), DCIS (B, arrowhead) and normal appearing duct (C, arrow) and lobule (C, arrowhead). Normal adipocytes are stained positively for BAFF (Pannel A, arrowhead). In D, a higher magnification is shown, in which a homogeneous cytoplasmic BAFF immunoreactivity is shown, with more prominent cell membrane staining. E: Normal Ig isotype staining."} {"question_id": 1506, "question": "Is BAFF immunoreactivity absent in normal appearing ducts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2323393_F1_20518.jpg", "report": "BAFF immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma (A), DCIS (B, arrowhead) and normal appearing duct (C, arrow) and lobule (C, arrowhead). Normal adipocytes are stained positively for BAFF (Pannel A, arrowhead). In D, a higher magnification is shown, in which a homogeneous cytoplasmic BAFF immunoreactivity is shown, with more prominent cell membrane staining. E: Normal Ig isotype staining."} {"question_id": 1510, "question": "Are the magnification levels used in the analysis below 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2889899_F2_66907.jpg", "report": "Aurora A, hNinein, and γ-tubulin expression in low- versus high-grade glioma. A, Immunohistochemical analysis of Aurora A expression (brown), 200× magnification. B, hNinein (green) and γ-tubulin (red), counterstained for DNA with DAPI (blue) was assessed by confocal microscopy. Bars = 10 μm, 1000× magnification."} {"question_id": 1511, "question": "Is HER2 overexpression associated with breast tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2993681_F3_79856.jpg", "report": "HER2 overexpression in breast tumors. Representative IHC staining for HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinomas (A-D). HER2 is predominantly membrane-bound (B-D). (A) Tumor that is negative for HER2. (B) Tumor with moderate HER2 staining (HercepTest™ 2+ staining). (C,D) Tumor with strong HER staining (HercepTest™ 3+ staining). Magnification: 100× for C; 200× for A,B,D. Counterstain: Hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 1512, "question": "Are all breast tumors negative for HER2 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2993681_F3_79856.jpg", "report": "HER2 overexpression in breast tumors. Representative IHC staining for HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinomas (A-D). HER2 is predominantly membrane-bound (B-D). (A) Tumor that is negative for HER2. (B) Tumor with moderate HER2 staining (HercepTest™ 2+ staining). (C,D) Tumor with strong HER staining (HercepTest™ 3+ staining). Magnification: 100× for C; 200× for A,B,D. Counterstain: Hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 1513, "question": "Can HER2 be predominantly membrane-bound in invasive breast carcinomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2993681_F3_79856.jpg", "report": "HER2 overexpression in breast tumors. Representative IHC staining for HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinomas (A-D). HER2 is predominantly membrane-bound (B-D). (A) Tumor that is negative for HER2. (B) Tumor with moderate HER2 staining (HercepTest™ 2+ staining). (C,D) Tumor with strong HER staining (HercepTest™ 3+ staining). Magnification: 100× for C; 200× for A,B,D. Counterstain: Hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 1514, "question": "Does HercepTest™ 2+ staining indicate strong HER2 overexpression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2993681_F3_79856.jpg", "report": "HER2 overexpression in breast tumors. Representative IHC staining for HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinomas (A-D). HER2 is predominantly membrane-bound (B-D). (A) Tumor that is negative for HER2. (B) Tumor with moderate HER2 staining (HercepTest™ 2+ staining). (C,D) Tumor with strong HER staining (HercepTest™ 3+ staining). Magnification: 100× for C; 200× for A,B,D. Counterstain: Hematoxylin."} {"question_id": 1515, "question": "Are the histology images taken at 100× magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1291371_F4_3892.jpg", "report": "Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1517, "question": "Are the images only from the renal cortex?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1291371_F4_3892.jpg", "report": "Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1518, "question": "Do the images represent multiple groups of rats, including CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1291371_F4_3892.jpg", "report": "Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1519, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical image show colocalization of MCT2 and mitochondrial COX in neurons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2488371_pone-0002915-g002_25995.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of rat brain cross-sections demonstrating mitochondrial MCT2 in thalamic neurons.When signals from probes for MCT2 (A, green), and mitochondrial COX (B, red) were merged with those of the neuronal marker MAP2 (C, blue), superposition of the signals (D, yellow/white) showed colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum in neurons (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1520, "question": "Are the signals for MCT2 represented by the color blue in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2488371_pone-0002915-g002_25995.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of rat brain cross-sections demonstrating mitochondrial MCT2 in thalamic neurons.When signals from probes for MCT2 (A, green), and mitochondrial COX (B, red) were merged with those of the neuronal marker MAP2 (C, blue), superposition of the signals (D, yellow/white) showed colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum in neurons (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1521, "question": "Is the colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum indicated by yellow/white signals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2488371_pone-0002915-g002_25995.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of rat brain cross-sections demonstrating mitochondrial MCT2 in thalamic neurons.When signals from probes for MCT2 (A, green), and mitochondrial COX (B, red) were merged with those of the neuronal marker MAP2 (C, blue), superposition of the signals (D, yellow/white) showed colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum in neurons (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1522, "question": "Are the scale bars in the images less than 10 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2488371_pone-0002915-g002_25995.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical images of rat brain cross-sections demonstrating mitochondrial MCT2 in thalamic neurons.When signals from probes for MCT2 (A, green), and mitochondrial COX (B, red) were merged with those of the neuronal marker MAP2 (C, blue), superposition of the signals (D, yellow/white) showed colocalization of MCT2 and components of the mitochondrial reticulum in neurons (white arrows). Scale bar = 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1523, "question": "Are SYF cells known to have increased tyrosine phosphorylation when expressing v-Src? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2553404_F2_28127.jpg", "report": "Tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells is increased by expressing c-Src or v-Src, but not by FIT-compatible Src. SYF cells were transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-actin alone (A) or in combination with v-Src (C) or FIT-compatible Src (D) while c-Src reconstituted cells were transfected with GFP-actin vector only (B). GFP-actin and anti-pTyr immunofluorescence were observed by confocal microscopy of fixed, permeabilized cells. Merged image is presented on right. Scale bars represent 10 μM."} {"question_id": 1524, "question": "Does expressing FIT-compatible Src increase tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2553404_F2_28127.jpg", "report": "Tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells is increased by expressing c-Src or v-Src, but not by FIT-compatible Src. SYF cells were transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-actin alone (A) or in combination with v-Src (C) or FIT-compatible Src (D) while c-Src reconstituted cells were transfected with GFP-actin vector only (B). GFP-actin and anti-pTyr immunofluorescence were observed by confocal microscopy of fixed, permeabilized cells. Merged image is presented on right. Scale bars represent 10 μM."} {"question_id": 1525, "question": "Is GFP-actin used in combination with v-Src or FIT-compatible Src in the transfection experiments? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2553404_F2_28127.jpg", "report": "Tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells is increased by expressing c-Src or v-Src, but not by FIT-compatible Src. SYF cells were transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-actin alone (A) or in combination with v-Src (C) or FIT-compatible Src (D) while c-Src reconstituted cells were transfected with GFP-actin vector only (B). GFP-actin and anti-pTyr immunofluorescence were observed by confocal microscopy of fixed, permeabilized cells. Merged image is presented on right. Scale bars represent 10 μM."} {"question_id": 1526, "question": "Were the cells observed using electron microscopy? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2553404_F2_28127.jpg", "report": "Tyrosine phosphorylation in SYF cells is increased by expressing c-Src or v-Src, but not by FIT-compatible Src. SYF cells were transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-actin alone (A) or in combination with v-Src (C) or FIT-compatible Src (D) while c-Src reconstituted cells were transfected with GFP-actin vector only (B). GFP-actin and anti-pTyr immunofluorescence were observed by confocal microscopy of fixed, permeabilized cells. Merged image is presented on right. Scale bars represent 10 μM."} {"question_id": 1527, "question": "Is CCBE1 mRNA expression observed in normal ovarian tissue using the sense negative control probe?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2813742_fig2_55826.jpg", "report": "Representative ISH for CCBE1 mRNA in normal ovary using (A) sense negative control and (B) antisense probes, respectively; (C) mucinous ovarian carcinoma; (D) serous ovarian carcinoma; (E) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, all with antisense probe (magnification × 20)."} {"question_id": 1528, "question": "Are antisense probes used to detect CCBE1 mRNA in different types of ovarian carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2813742_fig2_55826.jpg", "report": "Representative ISH for CCBE1 mRNA in normal ovary using (A) sense negative control and (B) antisense probes, respectively; (C) mucinous ovarian carcinoma; (D) serous ovarian carcinoma; (E) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, all with antisense probe (magnification × 20)."} {"question_id": 1529, "question": "Is the magnification level of the images provided for the ovarian carcinoma samples × 20?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2813742_fig2_55826.jpg", "report": "Representative ISH for CCBE1 mRNA in normal ovary using (A) sense negative control and (B) antisense probes, respectively; (C) mucinous ovarian carcinoma; (D) serous ovarian carcinoma; (E) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, all with antisense probe (magnification × 20)."} {"question_id": 1530, "question": "Is the CCBE1 mRNA expression study limited to only mucinous ovarian carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2813742_fig2_55826.jpg", "report": "Representative ISH for CCBE1 mRNA in normal ovary using (A) sense negative control and (B) antisense probes, respectively; (C) mucinous ovarian carcinoma; (D) serous ovarian carcinoma; (E) endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, all with antisense probe (magnification × 20)."} {"question_id": 1531, "question": "Does the liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals show normal arrangement of hepatocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2792475_F0004_52790.jpg", "report": "Liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes.Section of the liver tissue of aqueous extract of leaf-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes around the portal vein (V), absence of necrosis and moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles (F). Stain H and E, magnification 100X."} {"question_id": 1532, "question": "Is there any necrosis present in the liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2792475_F0004_52790.jpg", "report": "Liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes.Section of the liver tissue of aqueous extract of leaf-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes around the portal vein (V), absence of necrosis and moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles (F). Stain H and E, magnification 100X."} {"question_id": 1533, "question": "Is there a moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles in the liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2792475_F0004_52790.jpg", "report": "Liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes.Section of the liver tissue of aqueous extract of leaf-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes around the portal vein (V), absence of necrosis and moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles (F). Stain H and E, magnification 100X."} {"question_id": 1534, "question": "Is the liver tissue stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2792475_F0004_52790.jpg", "report": "Liver tissue of aqueous leaf extract-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes.Section of the liver tissue of aqueous extract of leaf-treated animals showing normal arrangement of hepatocytes around the portal vein (V), absence of necrosis and moderate accumulation of fatty vacuoles (F). Stain H and E, magnification 100X."} {"question_id": 1535, "question": "Is the rostellum (R) a feature present in Microrhopalodites polynucleatis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2669471_F13_37363.jpg", "report": "Photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis n. gen., n. sp. R = rostellum, A = axostyle, N = nucleus, Bar = 41 μm."} {"question_id": 1536, "question": "Does the axostyle (A) appear in the drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2669471_F13_37363.jpg", "report": "Photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis n. gen., n. sp. R = rostellum, A = axostyle, N = nucleus, Bar = 41 μm."} {"question_id": 1537, "question": "Is the nucleus (N) absent in the photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2669471_F13_37363.jpg", "report": "Photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis n. gen., n. sp. R = rostellum, A = axostyle, N = nucleus, Bar = 41 μm."} {"question_id": 1538, "question": "Is the size bar for Microrhopalodites polynucleatis 41 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2669471_F13_37363.jpg", "report": "Photo and drawing of Microrhopalodites polynucleatis n. gen., n. sp. R = rostellum, A = axostyle, N = nucleus, Bar = 41 μm."} {"question_id": 1539, "question": "Were the RBC labeled with fluorescent dyes in the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3047707_fig03_88831.jpg", "report": "Labeling of target RBC with fluorescent dyes. RBC were labeled with either 20 μM CFDA-SE or 10 μM DDAO-SE and coincubated with an approximately equal quantity of unlabeled RBC for 48 h at +37°C under standard P. falciparum culture conditions. RBC were then harvested and fluorescence detected either by confocal microscopy (top panels) or flow cytometry (bottom panels)."} {"question_id": 1540, "question": "Was the concentration of CFDA-SE used in the labeling greater than the concentration of DDAO-SE?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3047707_fig03_88831.jpg", "report": "Labeling of target RBC with fluorescent dyes. RBC were labeled with either 20 μM CFDA-SE or 10 μM DDAO-SE and coincubated with an approximately equal quantity of unlabeled RBC for 48 h at +37°C under standard P. falciparum culture conditions. RBC were then harvested and fluorescence detected either by confocal microscopy (top panels) or flow cytometry (bottom panels)."} {"question_id": 1541, "question": "Were the RBC incubated alone without any unlabeled RBC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3047707_fig03_88831.jpg", "report": "Labeling of target RBC with fluorescent dyes. RBC were labeled with either 20 μM CFDA-SE or 10 μM DDAO-SE and coincubated with an approximately equal quantity of unlabeled RBC for 48 h at +37°C under standard P. falciparum culture conditions. RBC were then harvested and fluorescence detected either by confocal microscopy (top panels) or flow cytometry (bottom panels)."} {"question_id": 1542, "question": "Was fluorescence detected using both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3047707_fig03_88831.jpg", "report": "Labeling of target RBC with fluorescent dyes. RBC were labeled with either 20 μM CFDA-SE or 10 μM DDAO-SE and coincubated with an approximately equal quantity of unlabeled RBC for 48 h at +37°C under standard P. falciparum culture conditions. RBC were then harvested and fluorescence detected either by confocal microscopy (top panels) or flow cytometry (bottom panels)."} {"question_id": 1543, "question": "Are the lung sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2719610_F4_42552.jpg", "report": "Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections collected after assessment of pulmonary mechanics from mice. (B) and (C) is OVA sensitized with single-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (B) or by Penh measurements (C). (D), (E) and (F) are OVA sensitized with three-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (D) or by Penh measurements (E, F)."} {"question_id": 1544, "question": "Were the lung sections collected from human subjects? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2719610_F4_42552.jpg", "report": "Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections collected after assessment of pulmonary mechanics from mice. (B) and (C) is OVA sensitized with single-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (B) or by Penh measurements (C). (D), (E) and (F) are OVA sensitized with three-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (D) or by Penh measurements (E, F)."} {"question_id": 1545, "question": "Was the OVA challenge administered in a single dose for some of the mice? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2719610_F4_42552.jpg", "report": "Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections collected after assessment of pulmonary mechanics from mice. (B) and (C) is OVA sensitized with single-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (B) or by Penh measurements (C). (D), (E) and (F) are OVA sensitized with three-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (D) or by Penh measurements (E, F)."} {"question_id": 1546, "question": "Were all pulmonary mechanics measurements taken invasively? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2719610_F4_42552.jpg", "report": "Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections collected after assessment of pulmonary mechanics from mice. (B) and (C) is OVA sensitized with single-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (B) or by Penh measurements (C). (D), (E) and (F) are OVA sensitized with three-dose OVA challenge, measured invasively (D) or by Penh measurements (E, F)."} {"question_id": 1547, "question": "Are the nuclei of NMuMG cells stained blue with DAPI in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1386683_F5_4687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Synd1 in monolayers of NMuMG cells after treatment with LT and hemolytic proteins (1 μg/ml each for 16 h). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and Synd1 is stained green with FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1548, "question": "Is Synd1 detection performed using a FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1386683_F5_4687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Synd1 in monolayers of NMuMG cells after treatment with LT and hemolytic proteins (1 μg/ml each for 16 h). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and Synd1 is stained green with FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1549, "question": "Are the cells treated with a combination of LT and hemolytic proteins?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1386683_F5_4687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Synd1 in monolayers of NMuMG cells after treatment with LT and hemolytic proteins (1 μg/ml each for 16 h). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and Synd1 is stained green with FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1550, "question": "Is the magnification used for capturing the image 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1386683_F5_4687.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical detection of Synd1 in monolayers of NMuMG cells after treatment with LT and hemolytic proteins (1 μg/ml each for 16 h). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, and Synd1 is stained green with FITC-conjugated anti-Synd1 antibody. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1551, "question": "Is the central vein indicated in the light image of the liver tissue section at ×100 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1434494_pmed-0030151-g002_5028.jpg", "report": "Microscopic Characterization of Sectioned Liver Tissue from Patients Who Had Died(A) Light image of a liver tissue section (×100). The central vein is indicated with an arrow.(B) Light image of a liver tissue section (×200).(C) The convergent zone is indicated with an arrow (×100).(D) TEM image of a liver tissue section (×20,000). A bacterium found in the tissue is highlighted with an arrow."} {"question_id": 1552, "question": "Is the convergent zone indicated in the light image of the liver tissue section at ×200 magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1434494_pmed-0030151-g002_5028.jpg", "report": "Microscopic Characterization of Sectioned Liver Tissue from Patients Who Had Died(A) Light image of a liver tissue section (×100). The central vein is indicated with an arrow.(B) Light image of a liver tissue section (×200).(C) The convergent zone is indicated with an arrow (×100).(D) TEM image of a liver tissue section (×20,000). A bacterium found in the tissue is highlighted with an arrow."} {"question_id": 1553, "question": "Is there a bacterium highlighted in the TEM image of the liver tissue section?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1434494_pmed-0030151-g002_5028.jpg", "report": "Microscopic Characterization of Sectioned Liver Tissue from Patients Who Had Died(A) Light image of a liver tissue section (×100). The central vein is indicated with an arrow.(B) Light image of a liver tissue section (×200).(C) The convergent zone is indicated with an arrow (×100).(D) TEM image of a liver tissue section (×20,000). A bacterium found in the tissue is highlighted with an arrow."} {"question_id": 1554, "question": "Is the convergent zone indicated in the light image of the liver tissue section at ×100 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1434494_pmed-0030151-g002_5028.jpg", "report": "Microscopic Characterization of Sectioned Liver Tissue from Patients Who Had Died(A) Light image of a liver tissue section (×100). The central vein is indicated with an arrow.(B) Light image of a liver tissue section (×200).(C) The convergent zone is indicated with an arrow (×100).(D) TEM image of a liver tissue section (×20,000). A bacterium found in the tissue is highlighted with an arrow."} {"question_id": 1555, "question": "Is the titanium implant covered with mineralized tissue after 4 weeks of healing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2583968_F5_30113.jpg", "report": "4 weeks healing time: coverage of the titanium implant with mineralized tissue and dense bone matrix (left) (2 kV, magnification 250-fold). Enlarged detail (right) (2 kV, magnification 1000-fold)."} {"question_id": 1557, "question": "Is the magnification used in the detailed image 1000-fold?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2583968_F5_30113.jpg", "report": "4 weeks healing time: coverage of the titanium implant with mineralized tissue and dense bone matrix (left) (2 kV, magnification 250-fold). Enlarged detail (right) (2 kV, magnification 1000-fold)."} {"question_id": 1558, "question": "Is the dense bone matrix visible at a magnification of 500-fold in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2583968_F5_30113.jpg", "report": "4 weeks healing time: coverage of the titanium implant with mineralized tissue and dense bone matrix (left) (2 kV, magnification 250-fold). Enlarged detail (right) (2 kV, magnification 1000-fold)."} {"question_id": 1559, "question": "Does the distal duodenal biopsy stained with hematoxylin & eosin show villous atrophy in celiac disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2771033_F1_49801.jpg", "report": "Distal duodenal biopsy of patient #1 in Group II with celiac disease (hematoxylin & eosin stain)."} {"question_id": 1560, "question": "Is the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes a common finding in celiac disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2771033_F1_49801.jpg", "report": "Distal duodenal biopsy of patient #1 in Group II with celiac disease (hematoxylin & eosin stain)."} {"question_id": 1561, "question": "Can celiac disease be diagnosed by the presence of subepithelial collagen deposition in the distal duodenal biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2771033_F1_49801.jpg", "report": "Distal duodenal biopsy of patient #1 in Group II with celiac disease (hematoxylin & eosin stain)."} {"question_id": 1562, "question": "Are crypt hyperplasia and increased mitotic activity observed in celiac disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2771033_F1_49801.jpg", "report": "Distal duodenal biopsy of patient #1 in Group II with celiac disease (hematoxylin & eosin stain)."} {"question_id": 1563, "question": "Are the scale bars in the Transmission electronic microscope micrographs 2 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2621238_F5_32405.jpg", "report": "Transmission electronic microscopy observations of NPs uptake. Transmission electronic microscope micrographs of LLC-PK1 cells which internalized FW2 (A) and TiO2-15 (B) NPs (MET scale bars A and B: 2 μm, images were taken at ×14 000 and 10 000 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1564, "question": "Were the images taken at a magnification of ×1000?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2621238_F5_32405.jpg", "report": "Transmission electronic microscopy observations of NPs uptake. Transmission electronic microscope micrographs of LLC-PK1 cells which internalized FW2 (A) and TiO2-15 (B) NPs (MET scale bars A and B: 2 μm, images were taken at ×14 000 and 10 000 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1565, "question": "Do the micrographs show LLC-PK1 cells internalizing nanoparticles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2621238_F5_32405.jpg", "report": "Transmission electronic microscopy observations of NPs uptake. Transmission electronic microscope micrographs of LLC-PK1 cells which internalized FW2 (A) and TiO2-15 (B) NPs (MET scale bars A and B: 2 μm, images were taken at ×14 000 and 10 000 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1566, "question": "Is the magnification for the FW2 nanoparticles image set at ×14,000?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2621238_F5_32405.jpg", "report": "Transmission electronic microscopy observations of NPs uptake. Transmission electronic microscope micrographs of LLC-PK1 cells which internalized FW2 (A) and TiO2-15 (B) NPs (MET scale bars A and B: 2 μm, images were taken at ×14 000 and 10 000 magnification)."} {"question_id": 1567, "question": "Does the use of anti-IL-6 antibody reduce inflammatory histopathology in CIA?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2673212_F5_37783.jpg", "report": "Anti-IL-6 antibody reduced the inflammatory histopathology of CIA. DBA/1 LacJ mice were dosed with irrelevant control antibody (A) or anti-IL-6 antibody (1 mg/week (B) or 5 mg/week (C)) for 10 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment as described in materials and methods. Photomicrographs are 200×."} {"question_id": 1568, "question": "Were the DBA/1 LacJ mice given a control antibody in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2673212_F5_37783.jpg", "report": "Anti-IL-6 antibody reduced the inflammatory histopathology of CIA. DBA/1 LacJ mice were dosed with irrelevant control antibody (A) or anti-IL-6 antibody (1 mg/week (B) or 5 mg/week (C)) for 10 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment as described in materials and methods. Photomicrographs are 200×."} {"question_id": 1569, "question": "Were joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment after 5 weeks of dosing?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2673212_F5_37783.jpg", "report": "Anti-IL-6 antibody reduced the inflammatory histopathology of CIA. DBA/1 LacJ mice were dosed with irrelevant control antibody (A) or anti-IL-6 antibody (1 mg/week (B) or 5 mg/week (C)) for 10 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment as described in materials and methods. Photomicrographs are 200×."} {"question_id": 1570, "question": "Was the histopathological assessment conducted using photomicrographs at 200× magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2673212_F5_37783.jpg", "report": "Anti-IL-6 antibody reduced the inflammatory histopathology of CIA. DBA/1 LacJ mice were dosed with irrelevant control antibody (A) or anti-IL-6 antibody (1 mg/week (B) or 5 mg/week (C)) for 10 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and joint specimens prepared for histopathological assessment as described in materials and methods. Photomicrographs are 200×."} {"question_id": 1571, "question": "Are MCF-7 cells used in the colocalization study with QD655-COOH?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2898766_F4_68229.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of QDs with lysosomes. MCF-7 cells were treated with QD655-COOH for 12 h then incubated with LysoTracker Yellow for specific staining of lysosomes. Fluorescence from each channel was recorded and merged. The orange color seen in the stained cells resulted from the merging of the red fluorescence from QDs and the yellow color of the LysoTracker dye. The white bars represent 20 μm"} {"question_id": 1572, "question": "Does the orange color in the stained cells indicate the presence of lysosomes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2898766_F4_68229.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of QDs with lysosomes. MCF-7 cells were treated with QD655-COOH for 12 h then incubated with LysoTracker Yellow for specific staining of lysosomes. Fluorescence from each channel was recorded and merged. The orange color seen in the stained cells resulted from the merging of the red fluorescence from QDs and the yellow color of the LysoTracker dye. The white bars represent 20 μm"} {"question_id": 1573, "question": "Was the incubation period with QD655-COOH for 12 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2898766_F4_68229.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of QDs with lysosomes. MCF-7 cells were treated with QD655-COOH for 12 h then incubated with LysoTracker Yellow for specific staining of lysosomes. Fluorescence from each channel was recorded and merged. The orange color seen in the stained cells resulted from the merging of the red fluorescence from QDs and the yellow color of the LysoTracker dye. The white bars represent 20 μm"} {"question_id": 1574, "question": "Does the LysoTracker dye specifically stain the mitochondria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2898766_F4_68229.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of QDs with lysosomes. MCF-7 cells were treated with QD655-COOH for 12 h then incubated with LysoTracker Yellow for specific staining of lysosomes. Fluorescence from each channel was recorded and merged. The orange color seen in the stained cells resulted from the merging of the red fluorescence from QDs and the yellow color of the LysoTracker dye. The white bars represent 20 μm"} {"question_id": 1575, "question": "Is the metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma characterized by a tubular growth pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2768507_f4-co16-5-76_49079.jpg", "report": "(A) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma showing a tubular growth pattern. (B) Focally, the tumour showed heavy lymphocytic infiltration and small-vessel proliferation. (C) Metastatic adenocarcinoma infiltrating the adventitia of a large venule. Note the garland necrosis. (D) Surrounding hepatic tissue showing macrovesicular steatosis. All panels: Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1577, "question": "Is there evidence of small-vessel proliferation in the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2768507_f4-co16-5-76_49079.jpg", "report": "(A) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma showing a tubular growth pattern. (B) Focally, the tumour showed heavy lymphocytic infiltration and small-vessel proliferation. (C) Metastatic adenocarcinoma infiltrating the adventitia of a large venule. Note the garland necrosis. (D) Surrounding hepatic tissue showing macrovesicular steatosis. All panels: Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1578, "question": "Does the metastatic adenocarcinoma infiltrate the adventitia of a small artery?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2768507_f4-co16-5-76_49079.jpg", "report": "(A) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma showing a tubular growth pattern. (B) Focally, the tumour showed heavy lymphocytic infiltration and small-vessel proliferation. (C) Metastatic adenocarcinoma infiltrating the adventitia of a large venule. Note the garland necrosis. (D) Surrounding hepatic tissue showing macrovesicular steatosis. All panels: Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1579, "question": "Are the parasites within the vacuoles expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1383488_ppat-0020013-g008_4633.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of T. gondii Centrin-2 and DLCFluorescence images (projections of a deconvolved 3D stack) of two different vacuoles (A–C) (D–F), each containing four parasites expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2. Blue brackets in (A–C) mark the position of the apical cap of dynein. Note that the ring of TgCentrin2 spots is always positioned at the lower border of this cap. The arrowheads in (D–F) indicate the faint basal ring of dynein that lies adjacent to the basal spot of centrin2."} {"question_id": 1580, "question": "Is the apical cap of dynein marked by red brackets in the fluorescence images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1383488_ppat-0020013-g008_4633.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of T. gondii Centrin-2 and DLCFluorescence images (projections of a deconvolved 3D stack) of two different vacuoles (A–C) (D–F), each containing four parasites expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2. Blue brackets in (A–C) mark the position of the apical cap of dynein. Note that the ring of TgCentrin2 spots is always positioned at the lower border of this cap. The arrowheads in (D–F) indicate the faint basal ring of dynein that lies adjacent to the basal spot of centrin2."} {"question_id": 1581, "question": "Are the TgCentrin2 spots positioned at the lower border of the apical cap of dynein?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1383488_ppat-0020013-g008_4633.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of T. gondii Centrin-2 and DLCFluorescence images (projections of a deconvolved 3D stack) of two different vacuoles (A–C) (D–F), each containing four parasites expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2. Blue brackets in (A–C) mark the position of the apical cap of dynein. Note that the ring of TgCentrin2 spots is always positioned at the lower border of this cap. The arrowheads in (D–F) indicate the faint basal ring of dynein that lies adjacent to the basal spot of centrin2."} {"question_id": 1582, "question": "Do the arrowheads in the fluorescence images indicate a prominent basal ring of dynein?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1383488_ppat-0020013-g008_4633.jpg", "report": "Colocalization of T. gondii Centrin-2 and DLCFluorescence images (projections of a deconvolved 3D stack) of two different vacuoles (A–C) (D–F), each containing four parasites expressing both EGFP–TgDLC and mRFP–TgCentrin2. Blue brackets in (A–C) mark the position of the apical cap of dynein. Note that the ring of TgCentrin2 spots is always positioned at the lower border of this cap. The arrowheads in (D–F) indicate the faint basal ring of dynein that lies adjacent to the basal spot of centrin2."} {"question_id": 1583, "question": "Is COX-2 visualized in human colon cancer cells using immunohistochemical staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527805_fig7_27203.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical visualisation of COX-1, COX-2, EP1 receptor and FasL in human colon cancer. (A) Cyclooxygenase-2 and FasL, (B) COX-1 and FasL and (C) EP1 receptor and FasL immunostaining in cancer cells, with the upper and lower panels representing different colon cancer specimens. Specific protein stained brown. (D) Rabbit, goat and mouse controls demonstrated no staining. Representative micrographs are shown. Original magnification: × 300."} {"question_id": 1584, "question": "Are the controls (rabbit, goat, and mouse) showing specific protein staining in the colon cancer specimens?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2527805_fig7_27203.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical visualisation of COX-1, COX-2, EP1 receptor and FasL in human colon cancer. (A) Cyclooxygenase-2 and FasL, (B) COX-1 and FasL and (C) EP1 receptor and FasL immunostaining in cancer cells, with the upper and lower panels representing different colon cancer specimens. Specific protein stained brown. (D) Rabbit, goat and mouse controls demonstrated no staining. Representative micrographs are shown. Original magnification: × 300."} {"question_id": 1585, "question": "Is FasL detected alongside COX-1 in some colon cancer specimens?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2527805_fig7_27203.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical visualisation of COX-1, COX-2, EP1 receptor and FasL in human colon cancer. (A) Cyclooxygenase-2 and FasL, (B) COX-1 and FasL and (C) EP1 receptor and FasL immunostaining in cancer cells, with the upper and lower panels representing different colon cancer specimens. Specific protein stained brown. (D) Rabbit, goat and mouse controls demonstrated no staining. Representative micrographs are shown. Original magnification: × 300."} {"question_id": 1586, "question": "Does the EP1 receptor show no staining in cancer cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2527805_fig7_27203.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical visualisation of COX-1, COX-2, EP1 receptor and FasL in human colon cancer. (A) Cyclooxygenase-2 and FasL, (B) COX-1 and FasL and (C) EP1 receptor and FasL immunostaining in cancer cells, with the upper and lower panels representing different colon cancer specimens. Specific protein stained brown. (D) Rabbit, goat and mouse controls demonstrated no staining. Representative micrographs are shown. Original magnification: × 300."} {"question_id": 1587, "question": "Does the image show the nucleus labeled in blue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2693426_F6_39648.jpg", "report": "CLSM specificity analysis of GM130 and EEA1 labeling. Isosurface representation of the cell shows the nucleus (blue) labeled with Hoechst 33342, Golgi complex (GM130) and endosomal system (EEA1) (red) within a three-dimensional volumetric x-y-z data field. Scale bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1588, "question": "Is the Golgi complex labeled with Hoechst 33342?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2693426_F6_39648.jpg", "report": "CLSM specificity analysis of GM130 and EEA1 labeling. Isosurface representation of the cell shows the nucleus (blue) labeled with Hoechst 33342, Golgi complex (GM130) and endosomal system (EEA1) (red) within a three-dimensional volumetric x-y-z data field. Scale bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1589, "question": "Are the Golgi complex and endosomal system labeled in red?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2693426_F6_39648.jpg", "report": "CLSM specificity analysis of GM130 and EEA1 labeling. Isosurface representation of the cell shows the nucleus (blue) labeled with Hoechst 33342, Golgi complex (GM130) and endosomal system (EEA1) (red) within a three-dimensional volumetric x-y-z data field. Scale bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1590, "question": "Is the scale bar in the image equal to 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2693426_F6_39648.jpg", "report": "CLSM specificity analysis of GM130 and EEA1 labeling. Isosurface representation of the cell shows the nucleus (blue) labeled with Hoechst 33342, Golgi complex (GM130) and endosomal system (EEA1) (red) within a three-dimensional volumetric x-y-z data field. Scale bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1591, "question": "Is the Na+,K+-ATPase primarily localized in the dendritic spines of cultured striatal neurons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3040715_F3_87493.jpg", "report": "STED microscopy dissecting the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in cultured striatal neurons. The 5 × 3 mosaic shows a comparision of the confocal (left) and STED images (middle) of the Alexa-594 immunolabelled α3 NKA in dendritic spines. Postprocessing of the raw STED data by a Richardson-Lucy deconvolution further enhances the details as shown in the right row of images. Scale bar: 500 nm"} {"question_id": 1593, "question": "Are the images captured using only confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040715_F3_87493.jpg", "report": "STED microscopy dissecting the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in cultured striatal neurons. The 5 × 3 mosaic shows a comparision of the confocal (left) and STED images (middle) of the Alexa-594 immunolabelled α3 NKA in dendritic spines. Postprocessing of the raw STED data by a Richardson-Lucy deconvolution further enhances the details as shown in the right row of images. Scale bar: 500 nm"} {"question_id": 1594, "question": "Does the postprocessing of the raw STED data reduce the level of detail in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040715_F3_87493.jpg", "report": "STED microscopy dissecting the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in cultured striatal neurons. The 5 × 3 mosaic shows a comparision of the confocal (left) and STED images (middle) of the Alexa-594 immunolabelled α3 NKA in dendritic spines. Postprocessing of the raw STED data by a Richardson-Lucy deconvolution further enhances the details as shown in the right row of images. Scale bar: 500 nm"} {"question_id": 1595, "question": "Is the Scopelodes contracta larva found on a Celtis sinensis leaf?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014736_f04_82861.jpg", "report": "\nScopelodes contracta larva on a Celtis sinensis leaf just after reaching the ground by parachuting. Scale bar: 10 mm. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1596, "question": "Does the image show the larva in flight?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014736_f04_82861.jpg", "report": "\nScopelodes contracta larva on a Celtis sinensis leaf just after reaching the ground by parachuting. Scale bar: 10 mm. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1597, "question": "Is the scale bar in the image 10 mm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014736_f04_82861.jpg", "report": "\nScopelodes contracta larva on a Celtis sinensis leaf just after reaching the ground by parachuting. Scale bar: 10 mm. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1598, "question": "Are the high-quality figures available in print only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014736_f04_82861.jpg", "report": "\nScopelodes contracta larva on a Celtis sinensis leaf just after reaching the ground by parachuting. Scale bar: 10 mm. High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1599, "question": "Is AMACR expression in normal liver tissue graded as 0?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2438330_F1_24699.jpg", "report": "Expression of AMACR in HCC and non-HCC tissue. A, normal liver tissue (background staining, grade 0). B, hepatocellular adenoma (background staining, grade 0). C, cirrhotic nodules (weakly positive, grade 1+). D, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (strongly positive, grade 3+). (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification ×200)"} {"question_id": 1600, "question": "Are cirrhotic nodules strongly positive for AMACR expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2438330_F1_24699.jpg", "report": "Expression of AMACR in HCC and non-HCC tissue. A, normal liver tissue (background staining, grade 0). B, hepatocellular adenoma (background staining, grade 0). C, cirrhotic nodules (weakly positive, grade 1+). D, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (strongly positive, grade 3+). (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification ×200)"} {"question_id": 1601, "question": "Is hepatocellular adenoma graded as 0 for AMACR expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2438330_F1_24699.jpg", "report": "Expression of AMACR in HCC and non-HCC tissue. A, normal liver tissue (background staining, grade 0). B, hepatocellular adenoma (background staining, grade 0). C, cirrhotic nodules (weakly positive, grade 1+). D, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (strongly positive, grade 3+). (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification ×200)"} {"question_id": 1602, "question": "Does well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma show weak AMACR expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2438330_F1_24699.jpg", "report": "Expression of AMACR in HCC and non-HCC tissue. A, normal liver tissue (background staining, grade 0). B, hepatocellular adenoma (background staining, grade 0). C, cirrhotic nodules (weakly positive, grade 1+). D, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (strongly positive, grade 3+). (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification ×200)"} {"question_id": 1603, "question": "Are the fluorescence patterns in the tobacco protoplasts distinct for each chimeric construct?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2180173_F2_15882.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1604, "question": "Is the scale bar in the image greater than 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2180173_F2_15882.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1605, "question": "Does the image of the tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP show a fluorescence pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2180173_F2_15882.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1606, "question": "Are the tobacco protoplasts transformed with pG2HPLF1-YFP and pG2HPLF2-YFP indistinguishable in terms of fluorescence?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2180173_F2_15882.jpg", "report": "Fluorescence patterns of representative chimeric proteins in tobacco protoplasts. Image of a tobacco protoplast transformed with pG2HPLE1-YFP (a), pG2HPLF1-YFP (b), pG2HPLF2-YFP (c), pG2HPLF3-YFP (d) chimeric constructs. The scale bar corresponds to 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1607, "question": "Does the electron micrograph of phage LSB-1 show a polyhedral viral head?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2955717_F1_76144.jpg", "report": "Electron micrograph of phage LSB-1. Electron micrographs of the phages with a short, stout tail. The polyhedral nature of the viral head is shown."} {"question_id": 1608, "question": "Is the tail of phage LSB-1 described as long and slender in the electron micrograph?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2955717_F1_76144.jpg", "report": "Electron micrograph of phage LSB-1. Electron micrographs of the phages with a short, stout tail. The polyhedral nature of the viral head is shown."} {"question_id": 1609, "question": "Does the electron micrograph depict phage LSB-1 with a short, stout tail?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2955717_F1_76144.jpg", "report": "Electron micrograph of phage LSB-1. Electron micrographs of the phages with a short, stout tail. The polyhedral nature of the viral head is shown."} {"question_id": 1610, "question": "Is the viral head of phage LSB-1 depicted as spherical in the electron micrograph?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2955717_F1_76144.jpg", "report": "Electron micrograph of phage LSB-1. Electron micrographs of the phages with a short, stout tail. The polyhedral nature of the viral head is shown."} {"question_id": 1611, "question": "Is S100 staining commonly used to identify melanoma cells in a biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1936995_F2_12566.jpg", "report": "high power H & E stain and S100 stain of biopsy."} {"question_id": 1612, "question": "Can S100 staining be used to differentiate between melanocytes and keratinocytes in a chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1936995_F2_12566.jpg", "report": "high power H & E stain and S100 stain of biopsy."} {"question_id": 1613, "question": "Does the high power H & E stain typically highlight cellular morphology and structural details within the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1936995_F2_12566.jpg", "report": "high power H & E stain and S100 stain of biopsy."} {"question_id": 1614, "question": "Is S100 staining specific only to melanoma cells and no other cell types?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1936995_F2_12566.jpg", "report": "high power H & E stain and S100 stain of biopsy."} {"question_id": 1615, "question": "Is the trigeminal ganglion highlighted in the OPT images of the embryos?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3012086_pone-0015741-g004_82598.jpg", "report": "Optical projection tomography of 5F7-LacZ stained embryos.Optical projection tomography (OPT) images of selected LacZ stained embryos. One representative embryo for each orthologous mouse human and chicken enhancer was selected. Arrowheads highlight expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Top: sagittal sections. Bottom: frontal sections. (Right) In situ hybridisations for Olig1 and Olig2 genes."} {"question_id": 1616, "question": "Are the sagittal sections shown at the bottom of the OPT images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3012086_pone-0015741-g004_82598.jpg", "report": "Optical projection tomography of 5F7-LacZ stained embryos.Optical projection tomography (OPT) images of selected LacZ stained embryos. One representative embryo for each orthologous mouse human and chicken enhancer was selected. Arrowheads highlight expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Top: sagittal sections. Bottom: frontal sections. (Right) In situ hybridisations for Olig1 and Olig2 genes."} {"question_id": 1617, "question": "Do the OPT images include both mouse and chicken embryos?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3012086_pone-0015741-g004_82598.jpg", "report": "Optical projection tomography of 5F7-LacZ stained embryos.Optical projection tomography (OPT) images of selected LacZ stained embryos. One representative embryo for each orthologous mouse human and chicken enhancer was selected. Arrowheads highlight expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Top: sagittal sections. Bottom: frontal sections. (Right) In situ hybridisations for Olig1 and Olig2 genes."} {"question_id": 1619, "question": "Do Skp2-/- mice exhibit an increased level of apoptosis in their gonads compared to Skp2+/+ mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1502135_F3_6048.jpg", "report": "Increased level of apoptosis in the gonads of Skp2-/- mice. (A, B) TUNEL staining of testicular sections of Skp2+/+ (A) or Skp2-/- (B) mice at 4 months of age. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) The number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells per 100 Sertoli cells. *P < 0.05 versus Skp2+/+. (D) Ultrastructural image of typical apoptotic figures (arrowheads) at late postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in a Skp2-/- mouse at 4 months of age. Scale bar, 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1620, "question": "Is the TUNEL staining used to detect apoptotic cells in the testicular sections of mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1502135_F3_6048.jpg", "report": "Increased level of apoptosis in the gonads of Skp2-/- mice. (A, B) TUNEL staining of testicular sections of Skp2+/+ (A) or Skp2-/- (B) mice at 4 months of age. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) The number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells per 100 Sertoli cells. *P < 0.05 versus Skp2+/+. (D) Ultrastructural image of typical apoptotic figures (arrowheads) at late postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in a Skp2-/- mouse at 4 months of age. Scale bar, 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1621, "question": "Are the apoptotic figures in Skp2-/- mice observed at early stages of spermatogenesis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1502135_F3_6048.jpg", "report": "Increased level of apoptosis in the gonads of Skp2-/- mice. (A, B) TUNEL staining of testicular sections of Skp2+/+ (A) or Skp2-/- (B) mice at 4 months of age. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) The number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells per 100 Sertoli cells. *P < 0.05 versus Skp2+/+. (D) Ultrastructural image of typical apoptotic figures (arrowheads) at late postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in a Skp2-/- mouse at 4 months of age. Scale bar, 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1622, "question": "Is the scale bar for the TUNEL staining images 5 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1502135_F3_6048.jpg", "report": "Increased level of apoptosis in the gonads of Skp2-/- mice. (A, B) TUNEL staining of testicular sections of Skp2+/+ (A) or Skp2-/- (B) mice at 4 months of age. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) The number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells per 100 Sertoli cells. *P < 0.05 versus Skp2+/+. (D) Ultrastructural image of typical apoptotic figures (arrowheads) at late postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in a Skp2-/- mouse at 4 months of age. Scale bar, 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1623, "question": "Do Hoxd genes play a role in the development of catshark pectoral fins?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1937022_pone-0000754-g002_12650.jpg", "report": "Expression of Hoxd genes in catshark pectoral fins.Stages of development indicated in lower right corners of each panel. (A–D) Whole mount in situ hybridizations showing expression of Hoxd9 (A), Hoxd10 (B), Hoxd12 (C) and Hoxd13 (D). Pect, Pectoral fin bud; Cl, cloaca. Note anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 in distal fin at stage 32. Arrows mark anterior limits of expression. Yellow dotted lines in the left column mark the anterior boundaries of expression at stage 22."} {"question_id": 1624, "question": "Are Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 expressed in the distal fin at stage 32?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1937022_pone-0000754-g002_12650.jpg", "report": "Expression of Hoxd genes in catshark pectoral fins.Stages of development indicated in lower right corners of each panel. (A–D) Whole mount in situ hybridizations showing expression of Hoxd9 (A), Hoxd10 (B), Hoxd12 (C) and Hoxd13 (D). Pect, Pectoral fin bud; Cl, cloaca. Note anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 in distal fin at stage 32. Arrows mark anterior limits of expression. Yellow dotted lines in the left column mark the anterior boundaries of expression at stage 22."} {"question_id": 1625, "question": "Is the anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 limited to the cloaca (Cl) region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1937022_pone-0000754-g002_12650.jpg", "report": "Expression of Hoxd genes in catshark pectoral fins.Stages of development indicated in lower right corners of each panel. (A–D) Whole mount in situ hybridizations showing expression of Hoxd9 (A), Hoxd10 (B), Hoxd12 (C) and Hoxd13 (D). Pect, Pectoral fin bud; Cl, cloaca. Note anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 in distal fin at stage 32. Arrows mark anterior limits of expression. Yellow dotted lines in the left column mark the anterior boundaries of expression at stage 22."} {"question_id": 1626, "question": "Are Hoxd9 and Hoxd10 absent in the pectoral fin bud (Pect) during the stages shown?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1937022_pone-0000754-g002_12650.jpg", "report": "Expression of Hoxd genes in catshark pectoral fins.Stages of development indicated in lower right corners of each panel. (A–D) Whole mount in situ hybridizations showing expression of Hoxd9 (A), Hoxd10 (B), Hoxd12 (C) and Hoxd13 (D). Pect, Pectoral fin bud; Cl, cloaca. Note anterior expansion of Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 in distal fin at stage 32. Arrows mark anterior limits of expression. Yellow dotted lines in the left column mark the anterior boundaries of expression at stage 22."} {"question_id": 1627, "question": "Is the liver staining for SCCA variants positive in the normal human liver from the patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2410161_fig1_23913.jpg", "report": "Negative liver staining for SCCA variants by immunohistochemistry in normal human liver (staging liver biopsy from a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease). Original magnification: × 20."} {"question_id": 1628, "question": "Was immunohistochemistry used to determine the SCCA variants in the liver biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2410161_fig1_23913.jpg", "report": "Negative liver staining for SCCA variants by immunohistochemistry in normal human liver (staging liver biopsy from a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease). Original magnification: × 20."} {"question_id": 1630, "question": "Was the original magnification used in the immunohistochemistry analysis × 40?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2410161_fig1_23913.jpg", "report": "Negative liver staining for SCCA variants by immunohistochemistry in normal human liver (staging liver biopsy from a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease). Original magnification: × 20."} {"question_id": 1631, "question": "Are the transfected cells indicated by red fluorescence in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2483279_F4_25823.jpg", "report": "Primary culture of Sertoli cells from EGFP transgenic mice (FM131) transfected with pGtoR. The analysis was performed at 120 h (A, B and C) and 140 h (D, E and F) after transfection. Green fluorescence (excitation wavelength 488 nm) (A and D). Red fluorescence (B and E). Merge (C and F). Transfected cells (as demonstrated by red fluorescence) are indicated by arrows. Bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1632, "question": "Does the analysis of the chest pathology image include green fluorescence with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2483279_F4_25823.jpg", "report": "Primary culture of Sertoli cells from EGFP transgenic mice (FM131) transfected with pGtoR. The analysis was performed at 120 h (A, B and C) and 140 h (D, E and F) after transfection. Green fluorescence (excitation wavelength 488 nm) (A and D). Red fluorescence (B and E). Merge (C and F). Transfected cells (as demonstrated by red fluorescence) are indicated by arrows. Bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1633, "question": "Are the images taken at 120 h and 140 h after transfection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2483279_F4_25823.jpg", "report": "Primary culture of Sertoli cells from EGFP transgenic mice (FM131) transfected with pGtoR. The analysis was performed at 120 h (A, B and C) and 140 h (D, E and F) after transfection. Green fluorescence (excitation wavelength 488 nm) (A and D). Red fluorescence (B and E). Merge (C and F). Transfected cells (as demonstrated by red fluorescence) are indicated by arrows. Bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1634, "question": "Is the bar in the chest pathology image representing a scale of 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2483279_F4_25823.jpg", "report": "Primary culture of Sertoli cells from EGFP transgenic mice (FM131) transfected with pGtoR. The analysis was performed at 120 h (A, B and C) and 140 h (D, E and F) after transfection. Green fluorescence (excitation wavelength 488 nm) (A and D). Red fluorescence (B and E). Merge (C and F). Transfected cells (as demonstrated by red fluorescence) are indicated by arrows. Bar represents 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1635, "question": "Are Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants visible under a light microscope at 40 × magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942817_F1_74109.jpg", "report": "Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2."} {"question_id": 1636, "question": "Are Streptomyces strains numbered S1-S9 in the sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942817_F1_74109.jpg", "report": "Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2."} {"question_id": 1637, "question": "Are there more Pseudonocardia strains than Streptomyces strains in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2942817_F1_74109.jpg", "report": "Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2."} {"question_id": 1638, "question": "Can Pseudonocardia strains be identified in the sample from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2942817_F1_74109.jpg", "report": "Actinomycete species isolated from attine ants. Actinomycete species isolated from Acromyrmex octospinosus worker ants viewed under a light microscope at 40 × magnification. Streptomyces strains are numbered S1-S9 and Pseudonocardia strains P1-P2."} {"question_id": 1639, "question": "Does the FISH analysis indicate the presence of a deletion in the 22q11.2 region?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2222674_F2_17036.jpg", "report": "Result of FISH analysis using LSI probe (TUPLE 1) from DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region. TUPLE 1 (HIRA) probe was labeled in Spectrum Orange and Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in SpectrumGreen as control. Absence of the orange signal indicates deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus at 22q11.2."} {"question_id": 1640, "question": "Is the control probe ARSA labeled in Spectrum Orange?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2222674_F2_17036.jpg", "report": "Result of FISH analysis using LSI probe (TUPLE 1) from DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region. TUPLE 1 (HIRA) probe was labeled in Spectrum Orange and Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in SpectrumGreen as control. Absence of the orange signal indicates deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus at 22q11.2."} {"question_id": 1641, "question": "Is the TUPLE 1 probe used to detect DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2222674_F2_17036.jpg", "report": "Result of FISH analysis using LSI probe (TUPLE 1) from DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region. TUPLE 1 (HIRA) probe was labeled in Spectrum Orange and Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in SpectrumGreen as control. Absence of the orange signal indicates deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus at 22q11.2."} {"question_id": 1642, "question": "Does the absence of the green signal indicate a deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2222674_F2_17036.jpg", "report": "Result of FISH analysis using LSI probe (TUPLE 1) from DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region. TUPLE 1 (HIRA) probe was labeled in Spectrum Orange and Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in SpectrumGreen as control. Absence of the orange signal indicates deletion of the TUPLE 1 locus at 22q11.2."} {"question_id": 1643, "question": "Does peridural fibrosis at the sham operated site show increased numbers of fibroblasts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3034990_fig1_86539.jpg", "report": "Peridural fibrosis at the sham operated (untreated; group A) site showing increased numbers of fibroblasts which are consistent with fibrosis formation (Arrows; Hematoxylin and eosin; ×400)."} {"question_id": 1645, "question": "Are the fibroblasts associated with fibrosis formation indicated by arrows in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3034990_fig1_86539.jpg", "report": "Peridural fibrosis at the sham operated (untreated; group A) site showing increased numbers of fibroblasts which are consistent with fibrosis formation (Arrows; Hematoxylin and eosin; ×400)."} {"question_id": 1647, "question": "Does the binding of anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides occur on VEGF receptors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361857_fig2_21574.jpg", "report": "Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold."} {"question_id": 1648, "question": "Were the cells incubated with anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides for more than 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361857_fig2_21574.jpg", "report": "Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold."} {"question_id": 1649, "question": "Is the magnification used in the microscopy of the cells × 400?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361857_fig2_21574.jpg", "report": "Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold."} {"question_id": 1650, "question": "Were 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and HUVEC cells examined by electron microscopy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361857_fig2_21574.jpg", "report": "Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold."} {"question_id": 1651, "question": "Does the wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplast express the control GFP vector in the chloroplast?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022910_F5_84726.jpg", "report": "Chloroplast localization of SVR3. Representative wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts transiently expressing the control GFP vector ([A]-[C]) or the P35S:SVR3 CTP:GFP vector ([D]-[F]). Green fluorescence signals from GFP ([A] and [D]) and chlorophyll autofluorescence ([B] and [E]) were monitored by confocal microscopy. (C) and (F) are merged images from (A) &(B) and (D) &(E), respectively. Bar represents 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1652, "question": "Is confocal microscopy used to monitor green fluorescence signals from GFP in the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022910_F5_84726.jpg", "report": "Chloroplast localization of SVR3. Representative wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts transiently expressing the control GFP vector ([A]-[C]) or the P35S:SVR3 CTP:GFP vector ([D]-[F]). Green fluorescence signals from GFP ([A] and [D]) and chlorophyll autofluorescence ([B] and [E]) were monitored by confocal microscopy. (C) and (F) are merged images from (A) &(B) and (D) &(E), respectively. Bar represents 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1653, "question": "Are the merged images (C) and (F) created by combining GFP and chlorophyll autofluorescence signals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3022910_F5_84726.jpg", "report": "Chloroplast localization of SVR3. Representative wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts transiently expressing the control GFP vector ([A]-[C]) or the P35S:SVR3 CTP:GFP vector ([D]-[F]). Green fluorescence signals from GFP ([A] and [D]) and chlorophyll autofluorescence ([B] and [E]) were monitored by confocal microscopy. (C) and (F) are merged images from (A) &(B) and (D) &(E), respectively. Bar represents 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1654, "question": "Is the bar representing 50 μm in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3022910_F5_84726.jpg", "report": "Chloroplast localization of SVR3. Representative wild-type Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts transiently expressing the control GFP vector ([A]-[C]) or the P35S:SVR3 CTP:GFP vector ([D]-[F]). Green fluorescence signals from GFP ([A] and [D]) and chlorophyll autofluorescence ([B] and [E]) were monitored by confocal microscopy. (C) and (F) are merged images from (A) &(B) and (D) &(E), respectively. Bar represents 5 μm."} {"question_id": 1655, "question": "Is the papillary renal cell carcinoma located in the upper pole of the kidney?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3078860_F5_92673.jpg", "report": "Histological section of the papillary renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole with a papillary, tubulopapillary and cystic growth pattern of cancer cells (hematoxylin and eosin counterstain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1656, "question": "Does the papillary renal cell carcinoma exhibit a solid growth pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3078860_F5_92673.jpg", "report": "Histological section of the papillary renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole with a papillary, tubulopapillary and cystic growth pattern of cancer cells (hematoxylin and eosin counterstain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1657, "question": "Can the tumor growth pattern be described as tubulopapillary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3078860_F5_92673.jpg", "report": "Histological section of the papillary renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole with a papillary, tubulopapillary and cystic growth pattern of cancer cells (hematoxylin and eosin counterstain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1658, "question": "Is the magnification used in the histological section 200x?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3078860_F5_92673.jpg", "report": "Histological section of the papillary renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole with a papillary, tubulopapillary and cystic growth pattern of cancer cells (hematoxylin and eosin counterstain, magnification ×100)."} {"question_id": 1659, "question": "Are the rat RGCs labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody visible in red under the microscope?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1794249_F2_9324.jpg", "report": "Morphology of cultured adult rat RGCs. The cells, cultured for 3 (A & B), 7 (C & D), and 11 (E & F) days, were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody (red) and DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (B), (D), are (F) are the corresponding phase-contrast images. Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1660, "question": "Is DAPI used to stain the cell nuclei in these cultured rat RGCs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1794249_F2_9324.jpg", "report": "Morphology of cultured adult rat RGCs. The cells, cultured for 3 (A & B), 7 (C & D), and 11 (E & F) days, were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody (red) and DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (B), (D), are (F) are the corresponding phase-contrast images. Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1661, "question": "Are the images taken at a scale bar of 100 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1794249_F2_9324.jpg", "report": "Morphology of cultured adult rat RGCs. The cells, cultured for 3 (A & B), 7 (C & D), and 11 (E & F) days, were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody (red) and DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (B), (D), are (F) are the corresponding phase-contrast images. Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1662, "question": "Do the phase-contrast images correspond to the cells labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody and DAPI?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1794249_F2_9324.jpg", "report": "Morphology of cultured adult rat RGCs. The cells, cultured for 3 (A & B), 7 (C & D), and 11 (E & F) days, were labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody (red) and DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (B), (D), are (F) are the corresponding phase-contrast images. Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1663, "question": "Are the untreated tumour blood vessels shown in image A? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395272_fig4_23255.jpg", "report": "Microscopic changes of tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU. (A) Untreated tumour blood vessels; (B) destruction of tumour vascularity with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media, H&E staining × 400. (C) untreated tumour vessel wall; (D) destroyed tumour blood vessels with the collapse and disruption of vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin, Victoria blue and ponceau's histochemical staining × 400."} {"question_id": 1664, "question": "Does image B display intact tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2395272_fig4_23255.jpg", "report": "Microscopic changes of tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU. (A) Untreated tumour blood vessels; (B) destruction of tumour vascularity with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media, H&E staining × 400. (C) untreated tumour vessel wall; (D) destroyed tumour blood vessels with the collapse and disruption of vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin, Victoria blue and ponceau's histochemical staining × 400."} {"question_id": 1665, "question": "Is the destruction of tumour vascularity associated with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media in patients treated by HIFU? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395272_fig4_23255.jpg", "report": "Microscopic changes of tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU. (A) Untreated tumour blood vessels; (B) destruction of tumour vascularity with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media, H&E staining × 400. (C) untreated tumour vessel wall; (D) destroyed tumour blood vessels with the collapse and disruption of vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin, Victoria blue and ponceau's histochemical staining × 400."} {"question_id": 1666, "question": "Are the destroyed tumour blood vessels in image D shown with intact vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2395272_fig4_23255.jpg", "report": "Microscopic changes of tumour vascularity in patients with breast cancer treated by HIFU. (A) Untreated tumour blood vessels; (B) destruction of tumour vascularity with disruption of the endothelium and tunica media, H&E staining × 400. (C) untreated tumour vessel wall; (D) destroyed tumour blood vessels with the collapse and disruption of vascular elasticity fibrin and collagen fibrin, Victoria blue and ponceau's histochemical staining × 400."} {"question_id": 1668, "question": "Were the primary astrocytes treated with chloranil for 15 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89192.jpg", "report": "Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm."} {"question_id": 1669, "question": "Is AQP4 one of the proteins labeled in the study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89192.jpg", "report": "Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm."} {"question_id": 1670, "question": "Does the concentration of chloranil used in the study range from 0 to 100 µM?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89192.jpg", "report": "Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm."} {"question_id": 1671, "question": "Is the size of the scale bar in the microscopy images 50 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89192.jpg", "report": "Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm."} {"question_id": 1672, "question": "Are tumoral glands in infiltrated lymph nodes positive for HSP60?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1289279_F3_3878.jpg", "report": "Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×)."} {"question_id": 1673, "question": "Do metastases show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 and G3 carcinomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1289279_F3_3878.jpg", "report": "Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×)."} {"question_id": 1674, "question": "Is there evidence of vascular invasion by cancer positive for HSP60?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1289279_F3_3878.jpg", "report": "Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×)."} {"question_id": 1675, "question": "Are the magnifications used for viewing G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC tumoral glands 10×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1289279_F3_3878.jpg", "report": "Infiltrated lymph nodes from G1 (a) and G3 (b) LBC show tumoral glands positive for HSP60. Metastases also show glands positive for HSP10 in both G1 (c) and G3 (d) carcinomas (Magnification: 40×). HSP60 positivity shows vascular (e) and neural (f) invasion by cancer (Magnification: 10×)."} {"question_id": 1676, "question": "Is AGTR1 positive staining observed in alveolar macrophages in control lung biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A)."} {"question_id": 1677, "question": "Are fibroblastic foci in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies negative for AGTR1 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A)."} {"question_id": 1678, "question": "Is AGTR1 staining observed in epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A)."} {"question_id": 1679, "question": "Can AGTR1 positive staining be seen in alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A)."} {"question_id": 1680, "question": "Are epithelial cells in control lung biopsies negative for AGTR1 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC538264_F3_856.jpg", "report": "Angiotensin II receptor 1 staining in lung biopsies from control patients (A) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (B). Immunohistochemistry for the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), counterstained with haematoxylin. AGTR1 positive staining is seen in alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells and in fibroblastic foci (arrows) in usual interstitial pneumonia biopsies (panel B). Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages express AGTR1 in control lung biopsies (panel A)."} {"question_id": 1681, "question": "Is Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) present in the arthritic joint?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1174941_F3_2438.jpg", "report": "Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is present in the arthritic joint. PAD4 was detected in infiltrating cells (a), localised to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (c,e). Unimmunised animals were negative for PAD4 staining (f). Immunohistochemical stainings were performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody. Control staining was performed with preimmune rabbit sera (b,d) (Original magnifications: ×40 (a,b,f); ×200 (c-e))."} {"question_id": 1682, "question": "Were unimmunised animals positive for PAD4 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1174941_F3_2438.jpg", "report": "Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is present in the arthritic joint. PAD4 was detected in infiltrating cells (a), localised to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (c,e). Unimmunised animals were negative for PAD4 staining (f). Immunohistochemical stainings were performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody. Control staining was performed with preimmune rabbit sera (b,d) (Original magnifications: ×40 (a,b,f); ×200 (c-e))."} {"question_id": 1683, "question": "Is the localization of PAD4 restricted to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1174941_F3_2438.jpg", "report": "Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is present in the arthritic joint. PAD4 was detected in infiltrating cells (a), localised to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (c,e). Unimmunised animals were negative for PAD4 staining (f). Immunohistochemical stainings were performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody. Control staining was performed with preimmune rabbit sera (b,d) (Original magnifications: ×40 (a,b,f); ×200 (c-e))."} {"question_id": 1684, "question": "Was control staining performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1174941_F3_2438.jpg", "report": "Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is present in the arthritic joint. PAD4 was detected in infiltrating cells (a), localised to the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (c,e). Unimmunised animals were negative for PAD4 staining (f). Immunohistochemical stainings were performed with a rabbit anti-PAD4 antibody. Control staining was performed with preimmune rabbit sera (b,d) (Original magnifications: ×40 (a,b,f); ×200 (c-e))."} {"question_id": 1685, "question": "Does epithelialization occur within one week in all skin equivalents?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2774948_pone-0007908-g003_50321.jpg", "report": "Effect of time on epithelialization.All skin equivalents demonstrated a stratified epithelium on the upper surface within one week. With H-Ras overexpression keratinocyte invasiveness typically occurred early and slowed with time. Similar results occurred with all H-Ras permutations. All but Ker-CT-Ras-T retained some ability to cornify. Upper images, 40× total magnification; lower images, 400× total magnification. Scale bar: 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1686, "question": "Is keratinocyte invasiveness due to H-Ras overexpression consistent over time?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2774948_pone-0007908-g003_50321.jpg", "report": "Effect of time on epithelialization.All skin equivalents demonstrated a stratified epithelium on the upper surface within one week. With H-Ras overexpression keratinocyte invasiveness typically occurred early and slowed with time. Similar results occurred with all H-Ras permutations. All but Ker-CT-Ras-T retained some ability to cornify. Upper images, 40× total magnification; lower images, 400× total magnification. Scale bar: 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1687, "question": "Do all H-Ras permutations exhibit early invasiveness?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2774948_pone-0007908-g003_50321.jpg", "report": "Effect of time on epithelialization.All skin equivalents demonstrated a stratified epithelium on the upper surface within one week. With H-Ras overexpression keratinocyte invasiveness typically occurred early and slowed with time. Similar results occurred with all H-Ras permutations. All but Ker-CT-Ras-T retained some ability to cornify. Upper images, 40× total magnification; lower images, 400× total magnification. Scale bar: 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1688, "question": "Can Ker-CT-Ras-T retain the ability to cornify?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2774948_pone-0007908-g003_50321.jpg", "report": "Effect of time on epithelialization.All skin equivalents demonstrated a stratified epithelium on the upper surface within one week. With H-Ras overexpression keratinocyte invasiveness typically occurred early and slowed with time. Similar results occurred with all H-Ras permutations. All but Ker-CT-Ras-T retained some ability to cornify. Upper images, 40× total magnification; lower images, 400× total magnification. Scale bar: 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1689, "question": "Is ANX2 highly expressed in the periphery and around vessels in grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2720210_fig2_42695.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ANX2 in primary RCC and its metastases. (A) Grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma, (B) grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma, (C, D) ANX2 is highly expressed along the periphery and around vessels. (E) Lung metastasis, (F) bone metastasis, (G) neck lymph node metastasis and (H) brain metastasis. Magnification at × 20; Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1690, "question": "Is ANX2 expression absent in lung metastasis of RCC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2720210_fig2_42695.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ANX2 in primary RCC and its metastases. (A) Grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma, (B) grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma, (C, D) ANX2 is highly expressed along the periphery and around vessels. (E) Lung metastasis, (F) bone metastasis, (G) neck lymph node metastasis and (H) brain metastasis. Magnification at × 20; Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1691, "question": "Can ANX2 be detected in neck lymph node metastasis of RCC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2720210_fig2_42695.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ANX2 in primary RCC and its metastases. (A) Grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma, (B) grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma, (C, D) ANX2 is highly expressed along the periphery and around vessels. (E) Lung metastasis, (F) bone metastasis, (G) neck lymph node metastasis and (H) brain metastasis. Magnification at × 20; Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1692, "question": "Are brain metastases of primary RCC negative for ANX2 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2720210_fig2_42695.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of ANX2 in primary RCC and its metastases. (A) Grade 1 clear-cell carcinoma, (B) grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma, (C, D) ANX2 is highly expressed along the periphery and around vessels. (E) Lung metastasis, (F) bone metastasis, (G) neck lymph node metastasis and (H) brain metastasis. Magnification at × 20; Scale bar, 100 μm."} {"question_id": 1693, "question": "Is the GFP-BC protein detected outside of the plastids during greening?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2435540_F3_24641.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of chlorophyll and the GFP-BC protein in the tGBCch seedlings during greening. The fluorescence images of the Arabidopsis cotyledons during greening for 24 h were observed with confocal microscopy. The GFP-CAO protein and the plastids during greening are indicated by green and red fluorescence, respectively. The green fluorescence of GFP-BC protein was detected only within plastids during greening."} {"question_id": 1694, "question": "Can the chlorophyll accumulation be observed in the tGBCch seedlings during greening?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2435540_F3_24641.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of chlorophyll and the GFP-BC protein in the tGBCch seedlings during greening. The fluorescence images of the Arabidopsis cotyledons during greening for 24 h were observed with confocal microscopy. The GFP-CAO protein and the plastids during greening are indicated by green and red fluorescence, respectively. The green fluorescence of GFP-BC protein was detected only within plastids during greening."} {"question_id": 1695, "question": "Is the fluorescence of the GFP-CAO protein indicated by red fluorescence?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2435540_F3_24641.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of chlorophyll and the GFP-BC protein in the tGBCch seedlings during greening. The fluorescence images of the Arabidopsis cotyledons during greening for 24 h were observed with confocal microscopy. The GFP-CAO protein and the plastids during greening are indicated by green and red fluorescence, respectively. The green fluorescence of GFP-BC protein was detected only within plastids during greening."} {"question_id": 1696, "question": "Are the Arabidopsis cotyledons observed using confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2435540_F3_24641.jpg", "report": "Accumulation of chlorophyll and the GFP-BC protein in the tGBCch seedlings during greening. The fluorescence images of the Arabidopsis cotyledons during greening for 24 h were observed with confocal microscopy. The GFP-CAO protein and the plastids during greening are indicated by green and red fluorescence, respectively. The green fluorescence of GFP-BC protein was detected only within plastids during greening."} {"question_id": 1697, "question": "Is CHEK2 protein expression observed in nonmutated adenocarcinoma samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2410163_fig3_23916.jpg", "report": "CHEK2 protein expression. Nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma in (A), nonmutated adenocarcinoma in (B). The remaining samples are from the four mutated tumours: adenocarcinomas T1, T2 and T3 shown in (C–E), squamous cell carcinoma T4 shown in (F). Magnification × 100 (B, E), × 50 (A, C, D, F). Note the strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the tumour cells."} {"question_id": 1698, "question": "Are the mutated adenocarcinomas designated as T1, T2, and T3?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2410163_fig3_23916.jpg", "report": "CHEK2 protein expression. Nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma in (A), nonmutated adenocarcinoma in (B). The remaining samples are from the four mutated tumours: adenocarcinomas T1, T2 and T3 shown in (C–E), squamous cell carcinoma T4 shown in (F). Magnification × 100 (B, E), × 50 (A, C, D, F). Note the strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the tumour cells."} {"question_id": 1699, "question": "Is the magnification used for the nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma sample × 100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2410163_fig3_23916.jpg", "report": "CHEK2 protein expression. Nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma in (A), nonmutated adenocarcinoma in (B). The remaining samples are from the four mutated tumours: adenocarcinomas T1, T2 and T3 shown in (C–E), squamous cell carcinoma T4 shown in (F). Magnification × 100 (B, E), × 50 (A, C, D, F). Note the strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the tumour cells."} {"question_id": 1700, "question": "Does the image show strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the mutated tumour cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2410163_fig3_23916.jpg", "report": "CHEK2 protein expression. Nonmutated squamous cell carcinoma in (A), nonmutated adenocarcinoma in (B). The remaining samples are from the four mutated tumours: adenocarcinomas T1, T2 and T3 shown in (C–E), squamous cell carcinoma T4 shown in (F). Magnification × 100 (B, E), × 50 (A, C, D, F). Note the strong nuclear CHEK2 immunoreactivity in the tumour cells."} {"question_id": 1702, "question": "Were the cells cultured for 48 hours with ascorbic acid?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777385_pgen-1000750-g004_50866.jpg", "report": "Abnormal localization of collagen in CypB–deficient cells.MEFs prepared from wild-type (WT) or CypB knockout mice (KO) were cultured with or without 24hr stimulation with ascorbic acid (+AS). Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and co-stained for intracellular collagen and the Golgi marker GM130 (A) or the ER-resident protein PDI (B). (bar = 40 µm)."} {"question_id": 1703, "question": "Is GM130 used as a marker for the Golgi apparatus in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777385_pgen-1000750-g004_50866.jpg", "report": "Abnormal localization of collagen in CypB–deficient cells.MEFs prepared from wild-type (WT) or CypB knockout mice (KO) were cultured with or without 24hr stimulation with ascorbic acid (+AS). Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and co-stained for intracellular collagen and the Golgi marker GM130 (A) or the ER-resident protein PDI (B). (bar = 40 µm)."} {"question_id": 1704, "question": "Does the study involve examining proteins located in the mitochondria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777385_pgen-1000750-g004_50866.jpg", "report": "Abnormal localization of collagen in CypB–deficient cells.MEFs prepared from wild-type (WT) or CypB knockout mice (KO) were cultured with or without 24hr stimulation with ascorbic acid (+AS). Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and co-stained for intracellular collagen and the Golgi marker GM130 (A) or the ER-resident protein PDI (B). (bar = 40 µm)."} {"question_id": 1705, "question": "Are both wild-type and CypB knockout cells used in the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777385_pgen-1000750-g004_50866.jpg", "report": "Abnormal localization of collagen in CypB–deficient cells.MEFs prepared from wild-type (WT) or CypB knockout mice (KO) were cultured with or without 24hr stimulation with ascorbic acid (+AS). Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and co-stained for intracellular collagen and the Golgi marker GM130 (A) or the ER-resident protein PDI (B). (bar = 40 µm)."} {"question_id": 1706, "question": "Does the cyanobacterial extract M27 induce apoptotic morphology in AML cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2992999_f4-marinedrugs-08-02659_79819.jpg", "report": "Apoptotic morphology induced by cyanobacterial extracts in AML cells. Rat leukemia cells (A: control) were added the aqueous extract of the cyanobacterial strain M27 (B), M30 (C), M44 (D) or 50 nM daunorubicin (DNR, E) as described in the legend to Figure 1, and photomicrographs were taken using differential interference contrast (upper) and UV (lower). Bar represent 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1707, "question": "Are the control rat leukemia cells without any treatment showing apoptotic morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2992999_f4-marinedrugs-08-02659_79819.jpg", "report": "Apoptotic morphology induced by cyanobacterial extracts in AML cells. Rat leukemia cells (A: control) were added the aqueous extract of the cyanobacterial strain M27 (B), M30 (C), M44 (D) or 50 nM daunorubicin (DNR, E) as described in the legend to Figure 1, and photomicrographs were taken using differential interference contrast (upper) and UV (lower). Bar represent 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1708, "question": "Is daunorubicin (DNR) used as a comparative treatment in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2992999_f4-marinedrugs-08-02659_79819.jpg", "report": "Apoptotic morphology induced by cyanobacterial extracts in AML cells. Rat leukemia cells (A: control) were added the aqueous extract of the cyanobacterial strain M27 (B), M30 (C), M44 (D) or 50 nM daunorubicin (DNR, E) as described in the legend to Figure 1, and photomicrographs were taken using differential interference contrast (upper) and UV (lower). Bar represent 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1709, "question": "Are photomicrographs taken using only differential interference contrast?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2992999_f4-marinedrugs-08-02659_79819.jpg", "report": "Apoptotic morphology induced by cyanobacterial extracts in AML cells. Rat leukemia cells (A: control) were added the aqueous extract of the cyanobacterial strain M27 (B), M30 (C), M44 (D) or 50 nM daunorubicin (DNR, E) as described in the legend to Figure 1, and photomicrographs were taken using differential interference contrast (upper) and UV (lower). Bar represent 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1710, "question": "Is the position of the left mandible clearly indicated in the anterior view of the larval head capsule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014813_f04_82900.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea. (A) An anterior view of a lateinstar larval head capsule showing the position of the left mandible (arrow, scale bar = 500 µm). (B) Higher magnification of a single mandible showing the serrated edge that is scraped against the leaf surface (scale bar = 100 µm), High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1711, "question": "Does the serrated edge of the mandible have a scale bar of 500 µm in the higher magnification image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3014813_f04_82900.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea. (A) An anterior view of a lateinstar larval head capsule showing the position of the left mandible (arrow, scale bar = 500 µm). (B) Higher magnification of a single mandible showing the serrated edge that is scraped against the leaf surface (scale bar = 100 µm), High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1712, "question": "Can the serrated edge of the mandible be seen in the higher magnification image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014813_f04_82900.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea. (A) An anterior view of a lateinstar larval head capsule showing the position of the left mandible (arrow, scale bar = 500 µm). (B) Higher magnification of a single mandible showing the serrated edge that is scraped against the leaf surface (scale bar = 100 µm), High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1713, "question": "Are scanning electron micrographs used to visualize sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3014813_f04_82900.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of sound-producing structures in Oreta rosea. (A) An anterior view of a lateinstar larval head capsule showing the position of the left mandible (arrow, scale bar = 500 µm). (B) Higher magnification of a single mandible showing the serrated edge that is scraped against the leaf surface (scale bar = 100 µm), High quality figures are available online."} {"question_id": 1714, "question": "Are BrdU-positive cells co-labeled with a neuronal marker in the dentate gyrus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822849_pone-0009260-g006_56936.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in rats 28 days after the subchronic treatment with fluoxetine.BrdU-positive cells (green) were co-labeled with a neuronal marker, NeuN (A), but not GFAP (B). Scale bars: 400 µm in lower magnification and 40 µm in higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1716, "question": "Is the scale bar for higher magnification 40 µm in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2822849_pone-0009260-g006_56936.jpg", "report": "Differentiation of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in rats 28 days after the subchronic treatment with fluoxetine.BrdU-positive cells (green) were co-labeled with a neuronal marker, NeuN (A), but not GFAP (B). Scale bars: 400 µm in lower magnification and 40 µm in higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1718, "question": "Are the gamonts of Gregarina sp. visible during conjugation when stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2214726_F1_16674.jpg", "report": "Life stages of Gregarina sp. infecting Romalea microptera grasshoppers. A. Fresh smear of trophozoite with epimerite; B. Gamonts on conjugation-stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin ; C. Gametocyst on sporulation (vertical arrow – unsporulated gametocyst, right arrow – coiled spores, inner picture – gametocyst showing sporoducts); D. Fresh spores"} {"question_id": 1719, "question": "Are trophozoites of Gregarina sp. observed without an epimerite in fresh smears? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2214726_F1_16674.jpg", "report": "Life stages of Gregarina sp. infecting Romalea microptera grasshoppers. A. Fresh smear of trophozoite with epimerite; B. Gamonts on conjugation-stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin ; C. Gametocyst on sporulation (vertical arrow – unsporulated gametocyst, right arrow – coiled spores, inner picture – gametocyst showing sporoducts); D. Fresh spores"} {"question_id": 1720, "question": "Can coiled spores of Gregarina sp. be seen during the gametocyst's sporulation stage? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2214726_F1_16674.jpg", "report": "Life stages of Gregarina sp. infecting Romalea microptera grasshoppers. A. Fresh smear of trophozoite with epimerite; B. Gamonts on conjugation-stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin ; C. Gametocyst on sporulation (vertical arrow – unsporulated gametocyst, right arrow – coiled spores, inner picture – gametocyst showing sporoducts); D. Fresh spores"} {"question_id": 1721, "question": "Do gametocysts of Gregarina sp. show sporoducts in fresh smears? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2214726_F1_16674.jpg", "report": "Life stages of Gregarina sp. infecting Romalea microptera grasshoppers. A. Fresh smear of trophozoite with epimerite; B. Gamonts on conjugation-stained with Heidenhain's iron haemotoxylin ; C. Gametocyst on sporulation (vertical arrow – unsporulated gametocyst, right arrow – coiled spores, inner picture – gametocyst showing sporoducts); D. Fresh spores"} {"question_id": 1722, "question": "Is mGluR1-GFP fluorescence observed in SCG neurons without any co-expressed Homer protein?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1361788_F1_4479.jpg", "report": "TIRF-M images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, \"mGluR1-GFP\", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (19 cells), + Homer 1a (5), + Homer 1b (6), + Homer 1c (9), + Homer 2b (8), + Homer 3 (10)."} {"question_id": 1723, "question": "Were there more neurons examined in the mGluR1-GFP group than in the + Homer 1a group?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1361788_F1_4479.jpg", "report": "TIRF-M images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, \"mGluR1-GFP\", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (19 cells), + Homer 1a (5), + Homer 1b (6), + Homer 1c (9), + Homer 2b (8), + Homer 3 (10)."} {"question_id": 1724, "question": "Is Homer 2b the co-expressed protein with the highest number of examined neurons?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1361788_F1_4479.jpg", "report": "TIRF-M images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, \"mGluR1-GFP\", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (19 cells), + Homer 1a (5), + Homer 1b (6), + Homer 1c (9), + Homer 2b (8), + Homer 3 (10)."} {"question_id": 1725, "question": "Do the TIRF-M images include neurons co-expressing Homer 3 protein?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1361788_F1_4479.jpg", "report": "TIRF-M images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, \"mGluR1-GFP\", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (19 cells), + Homer 1a (5), + Homer 1b (6), + Homer 1c (9), + Homer 2b (8), + Homer 3 (10)."} {"question_id": 1726, "question": "Is the EGFP expression observed in transgenic wing tissue after a line heat shock?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1664555_F3_7846.jpg", "report": "Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels."} {"question_id": 1727, "question": "Is there any EGFP expression in wildtype wing tissue after a line heat shock?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1664555_F3_7846.jpg", "report": "Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels."} {"question_id": 1730, "question": "Is the import of Cy5-C-Tpr into the nucleus temperature-dependent? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2770460_F5_49683.jpg", "report": "C-Tpr import into the nucleus is cytosol, temperature and energy dependent and is blocked by WGA. Digitonin-permeabilized NRK cells were incubated with 8 pmoles of Cy5-C-Tpr for 20 min at 30°C (panel A) or 4°C (panel B) in the presence of cytosol and an energy-regenerating system. Panel C: 8 μg WGA was added. Panel D: the ATP regenerating system was replaced by an ATP-depleting system, 0.8885 U hexokinase + glucose. Samples were visualized by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1731, "question": "Does the presence of WGA facilitate the import of Cy5-C-Tpr into the nucleus? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2770460_F5_49683.jpg", "report": "C-Tpr import into the nucleus is cytosol, temperature and energy dependent and is blocked by WGA. Digitonin-permeabilized NRK cells were incubated with 8 pmoles of Cy5-C-Tpr for 20 min at 30°C (panel A) or 4°C (panel B) in the presence of cytosol and an energy-regenerating system. Panel C: 8 μg WGA was added. Panel D: the ATP regenerating system was replaced by an ATP-depleting system, 0.8885 U hexokinase + glucose. Samples were visualized by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1732, "question": "Is an energy-regenerating system required for the import of Cy5-C-Tpr into the nucleus? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2770460_F5_49683.jpg", "report": "C-Tpr import into the nucleus is cytosol, temperature and energy dependent and is blocked by WGA. Digitonin-permeabilized NRK cells were incubated with 8 pmoles of Cy5-C-Tpr for 20 min at 30°C (panel A) or 4°C (panel B) in the presence of cytosol and an energy-regenerating system. Panel C: 8 μg WGA was added. Panel D: the ATP regenerating system was replaced by an ATP-depleting system, 0.8885 U hexokinase + glucose. Samples were visualized by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1733, "question": "Is the import of Cy5-C-Tpr into the nucleus observable at 4°C? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2770460_F5_49683.jpg", "report": "C-Tpr import into the nucleus is cytosol, temperature and energy dependent and is blocked by WGA. Digitonin-permeabilized NRK cells were incubated with 8 pmoles of Cy5-C-Tpr for 20 min at 30°C (panel A) or 4°C (panel B) in the presence of cytosol and an energy-regenerating system. Panel C: 8 μg WGA was added. Panel D: the ATP regenerating system was replaced by an ATP-depleting system, 0.8885 U hexokinase + glucose. Samples were visualized by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1734, "question": "Is calretinin staining predominantly nuclear in epithelial type mesothelioma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2915960_F1_70662.jpg", "report": "Calretinin. Predominantly nuclear, less cytoplasmatic staining. Epithelial type MM, pleura. Biopsy, 400×. Pat. no. 1."} {"question_id": 1735, "question": "Is the staining of calretinin mostly cytoplasmatic in epithelial type mesothelioma? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2915960_F1_70662.jpg", "report": "Calretinin. Predominantly nuclear, less cytoplasmatic staining. Epithelial type MM, pleura. Biopsy, 400×. Pat. no. 1."} {"question_id": 1736, "question": "Is this biopsy taken from the pleura? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2915960_F1_70662.jpg", "report": "Calretinin. Predominantly nuclear, less cytoplasmatic staining. Epithelial type MM, pleura. Biopsy, 400×. Pat. no. 1."} {"question_id": 1737, "question": "Is the magnification level of the biopsy image 100×? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2915960_F1_70662.jpg", "report": "Calretinin. Predominantly nuclear, less cytoplasmatic staining. Epithelial type MM, pleura. Biopsy, 400×. Pat. no. 1."} {"question_id": 1738, "question": "Is the retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with a diagnosis of classic seminoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2546414_F1_27914.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40."} {"question_id": 1739, "question": "Was the biopsy sample stained using Hematoxylin and eosin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2546414_F1_27914.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40."} {"question_id": 1740, "question": "Is the magnification used for this biopsy image less than ×40?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2546414_F1_27914.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40."} {"question_id": 1741, "question": "Does classic seminoma typically present with a retroperitoneal mass?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2546414_F1_27914.jpg", "report": "Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40."} {"question_id": 1742, "question": "Is voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression observed in normal lung epithelia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361510_fig2_21485.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression in human lung tissues, using a commercial pan-VGSC antibody. (A and B) SCLC, (C and D), normal lung epithelia. Voltage-gated Na+ channel immunoreactivity showed marked upregulation in SCLC (B\nvs\nD). Left hand panels (A and C) represent phase contrast images, right hand panels (B and D) are bright field images. Scale bar, 15 μm, applicable to all parts of the figure."} {"question_id": 1743, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical localisation of VGSC show marked upregulation in SCLC compared to normal lung epithelia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361510_fig2_21485.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression in human lung tissues, using a commercial pan-VGSC antibody. (A and B) SCLC, (C and D), normal lung epithelia. Voltage-gated Na+ channel immunoreactivity showed marked upregulation in SCLC (B\nvs\nD). Left hand panels (A and C) represent phase contrast images, right hand panels (B and D) are bright field images. Scale bar, 15 μm, applicable to all parts of the figure."} {"question_id": 1744, "question": "Are the images of the VGSC protein expression shown at a scale bar of 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2361510_fig2_21485.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression in human lung tissues, using a commercial pan-VGSC antibody. (A and B) SCLC, (C and D), normal lung epithelia. Voltage-gated Na+ channel immunoreactivity showed marked upregulation in SCLC (B\nvs\nD). Left hand panels (A and C) represent phase contrast images, right hand panels (B and D) are bright field images. Scale bar, 15 μm, applicable to all parts of the figure."} {"question_id": 1745, "question": "Are the right-hand panels in the figures bright field images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2361510_fig2_21485.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) protein expression in human lung tissues, using a commercial pan-VGSC antibody. (A and B) SCLC, (C and D), normal lung epithelia. Voltage-gated Na+ channel immunoreactivity showed marked upregulation in SCLC (B\nvs\nD). Left hand panels (A and C) represent phase contrast images, right hand panels (B and D) are bright field images. Scale bar, 15 μm, applicable to all parts of the figure."} {"question_id": 1746, "question": "Are the lung tissue slides from both WT and TLR2 KO mice observed at 24 hours post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2253695_fig03_18113.jpg", "report": "Lung histology in WT and TLR2 KO mice after infection with S. pneumoniae PLN. Representative lung tissue slides from WT mice (A, C and E) and TLR2 KO mice (B, D and F) after infection with 5 × 107 cfu S. pneumoniae PLN. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h (A and B), 48 h (C and D) or 72 h (E and F). HE staining: magnification 4×."} {"question_id": 1747, "question": "Were the mice only sacrificed at a single time point after infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2253695_fig03_18113.jpg", "report": "Lung histology in WT and TLR2 KO mice after infection with S. pneumoniae PLN. Representative lung tissue slides from WT mice (A, C and E) and TLR2 KO mice (B, D and F) after infection with 5 × 107 cfu S. pneumoniae PLN. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h (A and B), 48 h (C and D) or 72 h (E and F). HE staining: magnification 4×."} {"question_id": 1748, "question": "Is the magnification used in the HE staining of the lung tissue slides 4×?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2253695_fig03_18113.jpg", "report": "Lung histology in WT and TLR2 KO mice after infection with S. pneumoniae PLN. Representative lung tissue slides from WT mice (A, C and E) and TLR2 KO mice (B, D and F) after infection with 5 × 107 cfu S. pneumoniae PLN. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h (A and B), 48 h (C and D) or 72 h (E and F). HE staining: magnification 4×."} {"question_id": 1750, "question": "Were five clusters identified by TESS in the puma dataset?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3083678_f3-ijms-12-00865_93573.jpg", "report": "Results for puma dataset. (A) Five clusters identified by TESS. (B) Three clusters identified by BAPS5. (C) Three clusters identified by GENELAND. (D) Significant boundary elements (black circles) detected by WOMBSOFT. Small dots indicate sampling sites. Puma habitat is shown in grey."} {"question_id": 1751, "question": "Did BAPS5 identify more than three clusters in the puma dataset?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3083678_f3-ijms-12-00865_93573.jpg", "report": "Results for puma dataset. (A) Five clusters identified by TESS. (B) Three clusters identified by BAPS5. (C) Three clusters identified by GENELAND. (D) Significant boundary elements (black circles) detected by WOMBSOFT. Small dots indicate sampling sites. Puma habitat is shown in grey."} {"question_id": 1752, "question": "Did GENELAND identify three clusters in the puma dataset?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3083678_f3-ijms-12-00865_93573.jpg", "report": "Results for puma dataset. (A) Five clusters identified by TESS. (B) Three clusters identified by BAPS5. (C) Three clusters identified by GENELAND. (D) Significant boundary elements (black circles) detected by WOMBSOFT. Small dots indicate sampling sites. Puma habitat is shown in grey."} {"question_id": 1753, "question": "Are significant boundary elements in the puma dataset detected by WOMBSOFT represented by black circles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3083678_f3-ijms-12-00865_93573.jpg", "report": "Results for puma dataset. (A) Five clusters identified by TESS. (B) Three clusters identified by BAPS5. (C) Three clusters identified by GENELAND. (D) Significant boundary elements (black circles) detected by WOMBSOFT. Small dots indicate sampling sites. Puma habitat is shown in grey."} {"question_id": 1754, "question": "Are the NCs observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels in the confocal fluorescence microscope images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2453234_pone-0002754-g003_25250.jpg", "report": "Confocal fluorescence microscope images of PECAM-1 stained sections (50 µm thick) cut from the piriform region of brains fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment.CFDA green fluorescent NCs and brain vessels are shown at different magnifications. Calibration bar = 100 µm. NCs were observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels."} {"question_id": 1755, "question": "Were the sections used in the images stained for PECAM-1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2453234_pone-0002754-g003_25250.jpg", "report": "Confocal fluorescence microscope images of PECAM-1 stained sections (50 µm thick) cut from the piriform region of brains fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment.CFDA green fluorescent NCs and brain vessels are shown at different magnifications. Calibration bar = 100 µm. NCs were observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels."} {"question_id": 1756, "question": "Are the calibration bars in the images set at 200 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2453234_pone-0002754-g003_25250.jpg", "report": "Confocal fluorescence microscope images of PECAM-1 stained sections (50 µm thick) cut from the piriform region of brains fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment.CFDA green fluorescent NCs and brain vessels are shown at different magnifications. Calibration bar = 100 µm. NCs were observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels."} {"question_id": 1757, "question": "Were the brain sections cut from the piriform region fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2453234_pone-0002754-g003_25250.jpg", "report": "Confocal fluorescence microscope images of PECAM-1 stained sections (50 µm thick) cut from the piriform region of brains fixed at the end of the electrophysiological experiment.CFDA green fluorescent NCs and brain vessels are shown at different magnifications. Calibration bar = 100 µm. NCs were observed in close proximity to cerebral vessels."} {"question_id": 1758, "question": "Are the gills in the control group (0 hr) healthy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3072396_pone-0018529-g001_92012.jpg", "report": "Photographic time series of gill lesions in fish exposed to Aurelia aurita under experimental challenge.Times expressed in hours from the start of the experiment. A: Healthy gills from control group (0 hr). B–F: Gills from experimental treatment groups. B: 2 hrs. C: 6 hrs. D: 24 hrs. E: 48 hrs. F: 3 wks. Using haematoxylin and eosin at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 1759, "question": "Do the gill lesions appear within the first 2 hours of exposure to Aurelia aurita?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3072396_pone-0018529-g001_92012.jpg", "report": "Photographic time series of gill lesions in fish exposed to Aurelia aurita under experimental challenge.Times expressed in hours from the start of the experiment. A: Healthy gills from control group (0 hr). B–F: Gills from experimental treatment groups. B: 2 hrs. C: 6 hrs. D: 24 hrs. E: 48 hrs. F: 3 wks. Using haematoxylin and eosin at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 1760, "question": "Is the progression of gill lesions monitored for more than 24 hours?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3072396_pone-0018529-g001_92012.jpg", "report": "Photographic time series of gill lesions in fish exposed to Aurelia aurita under experimental challenge.Times expressed in hours from the start of the experiment. A: Healthy gills from control group (0 hr). B–F: Gills from experimental treatment groups. B: 2 hrs. C: 6 hrs. D: 24 hrs. E: 48 hrs. F: 3 wks. Using haematoxylin and eosin at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 1761, "question": "Are the gill samples stained with methylene blue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3072396_pone-0018529-g001_92012.jpg", "report": "Photographic time series of gill lesions in fish exposed to Aurelia aurita under experimental challenge.Times expressed in hours from the start of the experiment. A: Healthy gills from control group (0 hr). B–F: Gills from experimental treatment groups. B: 2 hrs. C: 6 hrs. D: 24 hrs. E: 48 hrs. F: 3 wks. Using haematoxylin and eosin at 200× magnification."} {"question_id": 1762, "question": "Are the tissue sections labeled with clone R24.1 mab showing intense staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2267462_F3_18988.jpg", "report": "Tissue sections from clinical Biopsies labelled with clone R24.1 mab. On the left panel, a HL tissue section shows intense staining with a membrane and Golgi pattern. On the right panel, an ALCL tissue section shows intense staining of neoplastic ALCL cells. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1763, "question": "Does the HL tissue section exhibit a cytoplasmic staining pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2267462_F3_18988.jpg", "report": "Tissue sections from clinical Biopsies labelled with clone R24.1 mab. On the left panel, a HL tissue section shows intense staining with a membrane and Golgi pattern. On the right panel, an ALCL tissue section shows intense staining of neoplastic ALCL cells. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1764, "question": "Is the ALCL tissue section showing intense staining of neoplastic cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2267462_F3_18988.jpg", "report": "Tissue sections from clinical Biopsies labelled with clone R24.1 mab. On the left panel, a HL tissue section shows intense staining with a membrane and Golgi pattern. On the right panel, an ALCL tissue section shows intense staining of neoplastic ALCL cells. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1765, "question": "Does the ALCL tissue section show a nuclear staining pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2267462_F3_18988.jpg", "report": "Tissue sections from clinical Biopsies labelled with clone R24.1 mab. On the left panel, a HL tissue section shows intense staining with a membrane and Golgi pattern. On the right panel, an ALCL tissue section shows intense staining of neoplastic ALCL cells. Magnification ×400."} {"question_id": 1766, "question": "Were the images taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2903469_pntd-0000740-g005_68669.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites imaged post-treatment.Mice (10 per group) were infected in the hind foot pads with 2.5×105\nT. cruzi tdTomato trypomastigotes and the images were taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection. (A) Images from days 5, 7 and 9 post infection. (B) Quantification of the fluorescent signal from mice in panel A at all imaging points."} {"question_id": 1767, "question": "Did the images show T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites in the hind foot pads?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2903469_pntd-0000740-g005_68669.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites imaged post-treatment.Mice (10 per group) were infected in the hind foot pads with 2.5×105\nT. cruzi tdTomato trypomastigotes and the images were taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection. (A) Images from days 5, 7 and 9 post infection. (B) Quantification of the fluorescent signal from mice in panel A at all imaging points."} {"question_id": 1768, "question": "Were the images taken only on day 11 post infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2903469_pntd-0000740-g005_68669.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites imaged post-treatment.Mice (10 per group) were infected in the hind foot pads with 2.5×105\nT. cruzi tdTomato trypomastigotes and the images were taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection. (A) Images from days 5, 7 and 9 post infection. (B) Quantification of the fluorescent signal from mice in panel A at all imaging points."} {"question_id": 1769, "question": "Did the quantification of the fluorescent signal occur only on day 7 post infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2903469_pntd-0000740-g005_68669.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent T. cruzi-tdTomato expressing parasites imaged post-treatment.Mice (10 per group) were infected in the hind foot pads with 2.5×105\nT. cruzi tdTomato trypomastigotes and the images were taken every two days from day 1 to 11 post infection. (A) Images from days 5, 7 and 9 post infection. (B) Quantification of the fluorescent signal from mice in panel A at all imaging points."} {"question_id": 1770, "question": "Does BA induce autophagy in ADF cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2661321_F9_36618.jpg", "report": "Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation."} {"question_id": 1771, "question": "Are bright orange granules evident in cells treated with bafilomycin A1 (BAF) before the addition of acridine orange?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2661321_F9_36618.jpg", "report": "Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation."} {"question_id": 1772, "question": "Is acridine orange staining used to assess AVOs formation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2661321_F9_36618.jpg", "report": "Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation."} {"question_id": 1773, "question": "Do cells treated with CsA+BA show no evidence of AVOs formation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2661321_F9_36618.jpg", "report": "Assessment of AVOs formation by acridine orange staining. BA induces autophagy in ADF cells. A representative example of acridine orange stained cells. Bright orange granules are evident in BA and CsA+BA treated cells. As specificity control, cells treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 (BAF) for 30 minutes before the addition of acridine orange do not show AVOs formation."} {"question_id": 1774, "question": "Can red and green fluorescence be detected in the right trigeminal ganglion two days after inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1533842_F4_6437.jpg", "report": "Identification of infected cells within the trigeminal ganglia. Two days after intracutaneous/intranasal inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam both, red and green fluorescence could be detected in cryosections of the right trigeminal ganglion but never was colocalized. Bars in A and B: 50 μm"} {"question_id": 1775, "question": "Are the red and green fluorescence signals always colocalized in the right trigeminal ganglion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1533842_F4_6437.jpg", "report": "Identification of infected cells within the trigeminal ganglia. Two days after intracutaneous/intranasal inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam both, red and green fluorescence could be detected in cryosections of the right trigeminal ganglion but never was colocalized. Bars in A and B: 50 μm"} {"question_id": 1776, "question": "Is the fluorescence detection performed on cryosections of the trigeminal ganglion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1533842_F4_6437.jpg", "report": "Identification of infected cells within the trigeminal ganglia. Two days after intracutaneous/intranasal inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam both, red and green fluorescence could be detected in cryosections of the right trigeminal ganglion but never was colocalized. Bars in A and B: 50 μm"} {"question_id": 1777, "question": "Are the fluorescence bars in the images provided larger than 100 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1533842_F4_6437.jpg", "report": "Identification of infected cells within the trigeminal ganglia. Two days after intracutaneous/intranasal inoculation of PrV-614/PrV-Cam both, red and green fluorescence could be detected in cryosections of the right trigeminal ganglion but never was colocalized. Bars in A and B: 50 μm"} {"question_id": 1778, "question": "Is the colloid material in a benign colloid nodule typically stained deep blue with Diff-Quik stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1184092_F2_2692.jpg", "report": "Thick, deep blue colloid material with bubble pattern in FNA of a benign colloid nodule (Diff-Quik stain, × 250) view)."} {"question_id": 1779, "question": "Is the bubble pattern characteristic of a malignant colloid nodule?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1184092_F2_2692.jpg", "report": "Thick, deep blue colloid material with bubble pattern in FNA of a benign colloid nodule (Diff-Quik stain, × 250) view)."} {"question_id": 1780, "question": "Can a fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a benign colloid nodule show a thick colloid material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1184092_F2_2692.jpg", "report": "Thick, deep blue colloid material with bubble pattern in FNA of a benign colloid nodule (Diff-Quik stain, × 250) view)."} {"question_id": 1781, "question": "Are benign colloid nodules usually associated with a high risk of cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1184092_F2_2692.jpg", "report": "Thick, deep blue colloid material with bubble pattern in FNA of a benign colloid nodule (Diff-Quik stain, × 250) view)."} {"question_id": 1782, "question": "Can ERβ immunostaining be used to analyze paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2387169_F2_22822.jpg", "report": "ERβ immunostaining on paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer using antibody from Chemicon (40× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1783, "question": "Is the magnification used for the ERβ immunostaining in this case greater than 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2387169_F2_22822.jpg", "report": "ERβ immunostaining on paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer using antibody from Chemicon (40× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1784, "question": "Does the ERβ antibody used for immunostaining come from Chemicon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2387169_F2_22822.jpg", "report": "ERβ immunostaining on paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer using antibody from Chemicon (40× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1785, "question": "Was the ERβ immunostaining performed on fresh frozen tissue samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2387169_F2_22822.jpg", "report": "ERβ immunostaining on paraffin-embedded invasive breast cancer using antibody from Chemicon (40× magnification)."} {"question_id": 1786, "question": "Can tumour angiogenesis be evaluated at × 40 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395306_fig3_23266.jpg", "report": "Evaluation of tumour angiogenesis. Identification of external border of tumour growth at × 40 (A) and × 100 (B) magnification field: I (desmoplastic stroma), II (infiltration zone), and III (tumour). At × 250 magnification field (C and D), it is possible to appreciate the differences in the degree of MVD between tumours."} {"question_id": 1787, "question": "Is the infiltration zone identified at × 100 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395306_fig3_23266.jpg", "report": "Evaluation of tumour angiogenesis. Identification of external border of tumour growth at × 40 (A) and × 100 (B) magnification field: I (desmoplastic stroma), II (infiltration zone), and III (tumour). At × 250 magnification field (C and D), it is possible to appreciate the differences in the degree of MVD between tumours."} {"question_id": 1788, "question": "Can the degree of microvessel density (MVD) differences be appreciated at × 250 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2395306_fig3_23266.jpg", "report": "Evaluation of tumour angiogenesis. Identification of external border of tumour growth at × 40 (A) and × 100 (B) magnification field: I (desmoplastic stroma), II (infiltration zone), and III (tumour). At × 250 magnification field (C and D), it is possible to appreciate the differences in the degree of MVD between tumours."} {"question_id": 1789, "question": "Is it impossible to identify the external border of tumour growth at × 40 magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2395306_fig3_23266.jpg", "report": "Evaluation of tumour angiogenesis. Identification of external border of tumour growth at × 40 (A) and × 100 (B) magnification field: I (desmoplastic stroma), II (infiltration zone), and III (tumour). At × 250 magnification field (C and D), it is possible to appreciate the differences in the degree of MVD between tumours."} {"question_id": 1790, "question": "Are Haplorchis pumilio trematodes isolated from Vietnamese persons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2876759_F3_64915.jpg", "report": "Adult trematodes isolated from Vietnamese persons. A) Haplorchis pumilio. B) H. taichui. C) H. yokogawai. D) Stellantchasmus falcatus. (Semichon acetocarmine stained, magnification ×120.)"} {"question_id": 1794, "question": "Are S. epidermidis cells shown adhering to both acrylic and silicone surfaces in the SEM photomicrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2809415_fig2_55306.jpg", "report": "SEM photomicrographs of S. \nepidermidis adhered to acrylic (a)\nand silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells\nadhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1795, "question": "Are the bacterial cells in the SEM photomicrographs shown at a magnification of ×1000?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2809415_fig2_55306.jpg", "report": "SEM photomicrographs of S. \nepidermidis adhered to acrylic (a)\nand silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells\nadhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1796, "question": "Is the arrow in the SEM photomicrographs used to indicate bacterial cells adhered along a depression on the silicone surface?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2809415_fig2_55306.jpg", "report": "SEM photomicrographs of S. \nepidermidis adhered to acrylic (a)\nand silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells\nadhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1797, "question": "Do the SEM photomicrographs include images of bacterial strains other than S. epidermidis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2809415_fig2_55306.jpg", "report": "SEM photomicrographs of S. \nepidermidis adhered to acrylic (a)\nand silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells\nadhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1798, "question": "Do vac1, vam2, and vam3 mutants show normal hyphal development under repressing conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2680324_fig02_38238.jpg", "report": "Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images."} {"question_id": 1799, "question": "Are pseudohyphae formed by vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6, and vam9 mutants under repressing conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2680324_fig02_38238.jpg", "report": "Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images."} {"question_id": 1800, "question": "Are yeast cells identified at the front of the vam3 hypha in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2680324_fig02_38238.jpg", "report": "Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images."} {"question_id": 1801, "question": "Is the scale bar in the images 100 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2680324_fig02_38238.jpg", "report": "Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images."} {"question_id": 1802, "question": "Can new bone formation be observed in the bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2206024_F3_16292.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14. New bone can be seen spanning the defect. Some collagen matrix (C) remained at the center of the bone defect (Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 1803, "question": "Is the collagen matrix completely resorbed in the bone defect by day 14?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2206024_F3_16292.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14. New bone can be seen spanning the defect. Some collagen matrix (C) remained at the center of the bone defect (Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 1804, "question": "Is the center of the bone defect primarily composed of new bone tissue on day 14?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2206024_F3_16292.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14. New bone can be seen spanning the defect. Some collagen matrix (C) remained at the center of the bone defect (Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 1805, "question": "Was a Periodic acid-Schiff stain used to visualize the bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2206024_F3_16292.jpg", "report": "Photomicrograph of bone defect grafted with Rhizoma Drynariae extract in collagen matrix on day 14. New bone can be seen spanning the defect. Some collagen matrix (C) remained at the center of the bone defect (Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification × 40)."} {"question_id": 1806, "question": "Are less than 10% of the cells stained by anti-Glut-1 in Score 1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2394489_fig1_23191.jpg", "report": "(A) Score 1. Less than 10% of the cells are stained by anti-Glut-1 (magnification × 10). (B) Score 2. Between 10 and 50% of the cells are stained with Glut-1. Strong membranous staining is seen adjacent to an area of necosis. (magnification × 20). (C) Score 3. More than 50% of cells are stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border. (magnification × 20)"} {"question_id": 1807, "question": "Is strong membranous staining seen adjacent to an area of necrosis in Score 2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2394489_fig1_23191.jpg", "report": "(A) Score 1. Less than 10% of the cells are stained by anti-Glut-1 (magnification × 10). (B) Score 2. Between 10 and 50% of the cells are stained with Glut-1. Strong membranous staining is seen adjacent to an area of necosis. (magnification × 20). (C) Score 3. More than 50% of cells are stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border. (magnification × 20)"} {"question_id": 1808, "question": "Are more than 50% of the cells stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border in Score 3?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2394489_fig1_23191.jpg", "report": "(A) Score 1. Less than 10% of the cells are stained by anti-Glut-1 (magnification × 10). (B) Score 2. Between 10 and 50% of the cells are stained with Glut-1. Strong membranous staining is seen adjacent to an area of necosis. (magnification × 20). (C) Score 3. More than 50% of cells are stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border. (magnification × 20)"} {"question_id": 1809, "question": "Is the magnification used in Score 1 greater than ×20?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2394489_fig1_23191.jpg", "report": "(A) Score 1. Less than 10% of the cells are stained by anti-Glut-1 (magnification × 10). (B) Score 2. Between 10 and 50% of the cells are stained with Glut-1. Strong membranous staining is seen adjacent to an area of necosis. (magnification × 20). (C) Score 3. More than 50% of cells are stained with Glut-1 at the invasive border. (magnification × 20)"} {"question_id": 1810, "question": "Can the cells in the doxorubicin-treated HT1080 study be tracked using videomicroscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928213_F3_72153.jpg", "report": "Quantitative analysis of 3D trajectories on doxorubicin-treated HT1080 cells. Cells cultured during 48 h within 3D matrix or on 2D plastic were incubated with doxorubicin 0 and 5 nM for 24 h and were tracked by videomicroscopy during the last 12 h of drug incubation. Each colour on the figure corresponds to different cells (15 cells per sample). (Bar = 100 μm)."} {"question_id": 1811, "question": "Were the cells cultured for 72 hours before being treated with doxorubicin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2928213_F3_72153.jpg", "report": "Quantitative analysis of 3D trajectories on doxorubicin-treated HT1080 cells. Cells cultured during 48 h within 3D matrix or on 2D plastic were incubated with doxorubicin 0 and 5 nM for 24 h and were tracked by videomicroscopy during the last 12 h of drug incubation. Each colour on the figure corresponds to different cells (15 cells per sample). (Bar = 100 μm)."} {"question_id": 1812, "question": "Is the concentration of doxorubicin used in the study 5 nM?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928213_F3_72153.jpg", "report": "Quantitative analysis of 3D trajectories on doxorubicin-treated HT1080 cells. Cells cultured during 48 h within 3D matrix or on 2D plastic were incubated with doxorubicin 0 and 5 nM for 24 h and were tracked by videomicroscopy during the last 12 h of drug incubation. Each colour on the figure corresponds to different cells (15 cells per sample). (Bar = 100 μm)."} {"question_id": 1814, "question": "Is PDE4 inhibition associated with reducing tissue remodeling in late-stage fibrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2881047_F4_65614.jpg", "report": "PDE4 inhibition attenuates tissue remodeling at late stage fibrosis. Representative images of lungs of healthy controls treated with vehicle (a, d) and of mice suffering from fibrosis and treated either with vehicle (b, e) or cilomilast (c, f) at days 14 (a, b, c) and 24 (d, e, f) after bleomycin administration. Hematoxilin-Eosin staining, magnification ×100."} {"question_id": 1816, "question": "Were the lungs imaged at both 14 and 24 days post-bleomycin administration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2881047_F4_65614.jpg", "report": "PDE4 inhibition attenuates tissue remodeling at late stage fibrosis. Representative images of lungs of healthy controls treated with vehicle (a, d) and of mice suffering from fibrosis and treated either with vehicle (b, e) or cilomilast (c, f) at days 14 (a, b, c) and 24 (d, e, f) after bleomycin administration. Hematoxilin-Eosin staining, magnification ×100."} {"question_id": 1817, "question": "Is Hematoxylin-Eosin staining used in the representative images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2881047_F4_65614.jpg", "report": "PDE4 inhibition attenuates tissue remodeling at late stage fibrosis. Representative images of lungs of healthy controls treated with vehicle (a, d) and of mice suffering from fibrosis and treated either with vehicle (b, e) or cilomilast (c, f) at days 14 (a, b, c) and 24 (d, e, f) after bleomycin administration. Hematoxilin-Eosin staining, magnification ×100."} {"question_id": 1818, "question": "Is there increased expression of epithelial cells in endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2615013_F2_32268.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical studies of candidates. Representative immunohistochemical staining of normal endometrium and endometriosis tissues for the indicated proteins (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) are shown. The candidates shown exhibit increased expression of both epithelial and stromal cells of the endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues."} {"question_id": 1819, "question": "Are the indicated proteins (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) exclusively expressed in normal endometrial tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2615013_F2_32268.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical studies of candidates. Representative immunohistochemical staining of normal endometrium and endometriosis tissues for the indicated proteins (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) are shown. The candidates shown exhibit increased expression of both epithelial and stromal cells of the endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues."} {"question_id": 1821, "question": "Can the immunohistochemical studies of the candidates differentiate between normal endometrium and endometriosis based on protein expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2615013_F2_32268.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical studies of candidates. Representative immunohistochemical staining of normal endometrium and endometriosis tissues for the indicated proteins (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) are shown. The candidates shown exhibit increased expression of both epithelial and stromal cells of the endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues."} {"question_id": 1822, "question": "Is the presence of exudate and ulceration indicative of pseudomembranous colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989377_fig3_79168.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy (10x) showing changes with exudate and ulceration (arrows) that are typical of the pseudomembrane formation seen in pseudomembranous colitis."} {"question_id": 1823, "question": "Are the changes observed in the colonic biopsy consistent with Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989377_fig3_79168.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy (10x) showing changes with exudate and ulceration (arrows) that are typical of the pseudomembrane formation seen in pseudomembranous colitis."} {"question_id": 1824, "question": "Does pseudomembranous colitis typically involve pseudomembrane formation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2989377_fig3_79168.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy (10x) showing changes with exudate and ulceration (arrows) that are typical of the pseudomembrane formation seen in pseudomembranous colitis."} {"question_id": 1825, "question": "Are the features seen in this biopsy more characteristic of ulcerative colitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2989377_fig3_79168.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy (10x) showing changes with exudate and ulceration (arrows) that are typical of the pseudomembrane formation seen in pseudomembranous colitis."} {"question_id": 1826, "question": "Were the HepG2 cells serum starved for 4 hours before refeeding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065880_fig7_91279.jpg", "report": "Modulators of PKC activity do not affect SR-BI distribution in HepG2 cells. HepG2[eGFP-SR-BI] cells were serum starved for 4 hrs and then refed medium containing 5% FBS and either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.5 μM PMA, or 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde and imaged by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1827, "question": "Did the treatment with 0.5 μM PMA affect the distribution of SR-BI in HepG2 cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065880_fig7_91279.jpg", "report": "Modulators of PKC activity do not affect SR-BI distribution in HepG2 cells. HepG2[eGFP-SR-BI] cells were serum starved for 4 hrs and then refed medium containing 5% FBS and either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.5 μM PMA, or 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde and imaged by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1828, "question": "Were the HepG2 cells fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde before imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3065880_fig7_91279.jpg", "report": "Modulators of PKC activity do not affect SR-BI distribution in HepG2 cells. HepG2[eGFP-SR-BI] cells were serum starved for 4 hrs and then refed medium containing 5% FBS and either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.5 μM PMA, or 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde and imaged by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1829, "question": "Was 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride used as a vehicle control in the experiment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3065880_fig7_91279.jpg", "report": "Modulators of PKC activity do not affect SR-BI distribution in HepG2 cells. HepG2[eGFP-SR-BI] cells were serum starved for 4 hrs and then refed medium containing 5% FBS and either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.5 μM PMA, or 7.5 μM chelerythrine chloride and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were fixed with 2.5% paraformaldehyde and imaged by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1830, "question": "Are keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) present in hepatocytes from both control and GF-fed C3H mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC516018_F2_382.jpg", "report": "Distribution of keratin IFs and HSP70i in hepatocytes from control and GF-fed C3H mice. A, C, E keratin IFs; B, D, F HSP70i; A, B) control; C, D) 2 week treatment; E, F) 5 month treatment. Arrows in E and F indicate reactive MBs with Troma 1 (anti-K8) and anti-HSP70i, respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1832, "question": "Are reactive MBs indicated by arrows in both 2-week and 5-month treatment images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC516018_F2_382.jpg", "report": "Distribution of keratin IFs and HSP70i in hepatocytes from control and GF-fed C3H mice. A, C, E keratin IFs; B, D, F HSP70i; A, B) control; C, D) 2 week treatment; E, F) 5 month treatment. Arrows in E and F indicate reactive MBs with Troma 1 (anti-K8) and anti-HSP70i, respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1833, "question": "Is the scale bar provided in the images equal to 20 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC516018_F2_382.jpg", "report": "Distribution of keratin IFs and HSP70i in hepatocytes from control and GF-fed C3H mice. A, C, E keratin IFs; B, D, F HSP70i; A, B) control; C, D) 2 week treatment; E, F) 5 month treatment. Arrows in E and F indicate reactive MBs with Troma 1 (anti-K8) and anti-HSP70i, respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm."} {"question_id": 1834, "question": "Is the spindle cell tumor in the skin biopsy positive for cytokeratin CAM5.2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777157_F3_50733.jpg", "report": "Skin biopsy on May 2008 showing dermal infiltration by a spindle cell tumour (a), which was positive with cytokeratin CAM5.2 immunohistochemical staining (b), and focally positive with Calretinin (c) and mesothelin (d) consistent with sarcomatoid mesothelioma."} {"question_id": 1835, "question": "Does the skin biopsy show dermal infiltration by a round cell tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777157_F3_50733.jpg", "report": "Skin biopsy on May 2008 showing dermal infiltration by a spindle cell tumour (a), which was positive with cytokeratin CAM5.2 immunohistochemical staining (b), and focally positive with Calretinin (c) and mesothelin (d) consistent with sarcomatoid mesothelioma."} {"question_id": 1836, "question": "Is the spindle cell tumor focally positive with Calretinin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2777157_F3_50733.jpg", "report": "Skin biopsy on May 2008 showing dermal infiltration by a spindle cell tumour (a), which was positive with cytokeratin CAM5.2 immunohistochemical staining (b), and focally positive with Calretinin (c) and mesothelin (d) consistent with sarcomatoid mesothelioma."} {"question_id": 1837, "question": "Is the spindle cell tumor negative for mesothelin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2777157_F3_50733.jpg", "report": "Skin biopsy on May 2008 showing dermal infiltration by a spindle cell tumour (a), which was positive with cytokeratin CAM5.2 immunohistochemical staining (b), and focally positive with Calretinin (c) and mesothelin (d) consistent with sarcomatoid mesothelioma."} {"question_id": 1838, "question": "Can IκBα and p65/RelA localization be visualized using confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1988826_F1_13792.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of IκBα and p65/RelA in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were treated or not with 20 nM LMB and then fixed, permeabilized and stained with specific antibodies against IκBα and p65/RelA. A secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red (Molecular Probes) was used. Images were taken by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1839, "question": "Were the cells treated with 20 nM LMB fixed and stained for visualization?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1988826_F1_13792.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of IκBα and p65/RelA in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were treated or not with 20 nM LMB and then fixed, permeabilized and stained with specific antibodies against IκBα and p65/RelA. A secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red (Molecular Probes) was used. Images were taken by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1840, "question": "Is a secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red used in the staining process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1988826_F1_13792.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of IκBα and p65/RelA in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were treated or not with 20 nM LMB and then fixed, permeabilized and stained with specific antibodies against IκBα and p65/RelA. A secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red (Molecular Probes) was used. Images were taken by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1841, "question": "Are CD8+ T lymphocytes the primary focus of this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1988826_F1_13792.jpg", "report": "Subcellular localization of IκBα and p65/RelA in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were treated or not with 20 nM LMB and then fixed, permeabilized and stained with specific antibodies against IκBα and p65/RelA. A secondary antibody conjugated with Texas Red (Molecular Probes) was used. Images were taken by confocal microscopy."} {"question_id": 1842, "question": "Are cumulus cells marked with Cc in the images provided?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1976425_F7_13680.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1843, "question": "Are negative controls processed with the addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1976425_F7_13680.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1844, "question": "Is toluidine blue used for counterstaining the sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1976425_F7_13680.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1845, "question": "Are the images from the ovarian sections captured at only one magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1976425_F7_13680.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification."} {"question_id": 1846, "question": "Are total B cells decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis compared to a trauma patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2725847_F2_43330.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of B cells and follicular dendritic cells in spleens of patients dying of trauma or sepsis. Total B cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (B) compared with that of a trauma patient (A) (magnification ×400). Similarly, follicular dendritic cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (D) compared with that of a trauma patient (C) (magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 1847, "question": "Are follicular dendritic cells increased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis compared to a trauma patient?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2725847_F2_43330.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of B cells and follicular dendritic cells in spleens of patients dying of trauma or sepsis. Total B cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (B) compared with that of a trauma patient (A) (magnification ×400). Similarly, follicular dendritic cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (D) compared with that of a trauma patient (C) (magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 1848, "question": "Is the magnification used to observe the B cells in the spleen ×400?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2725847_F2_43330.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of B cells and follicular dendritic cells in spleens of patients dying of trauma or sepsis. Total B cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (B) compared with that of a trauma patient (A) (magnification ×400). Similarly, follicular dendritic cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (D) compared with that of a trauma patient (C) (magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 1849, "question": "Are follicular dendritic cells observed at a magnification of ×400 in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2725847_F2_43330.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical identification of B cells and follicular dendritic cells in spleens of patients dying of trauma or sepsis. Total B cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (B) compared with that of a trauma patient (A) (magnification ×400). Similarly, follicular dendritic cells are decreased in the spleen of a patient with sepsis (D) compared with that of a trauma patient (C) (magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 1850, "question": "Are sympathetic nerve fibres localized around the pancreatic islets in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2711085_F1_41604.jpg", "report": "Morphological reorganization of pancreatic islets from prenatal life to adulthood. We localised sympathetic nerve fibres and collagen capsules surrounding the islets by confocal microscopy in longitudinal sections of pancreases. Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; red) and collagen type IV (2nd line, green) at different developmental stages (F19, P1, P20 and adult). Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1851, "question": "Is collagen type IV used for immunostaining in this analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2711085_F1_41604.jpg", "report": "Morphological reorganization of pancreatic islets from prenatal life to adulthood. We localised sympathetic nerve fibres and collagen capsules surrounding the islets by confocal microscopy in longitudinal sections of pancreases. Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; red) and collagen type IV (2nd line, green) at different developmental stages (F19, P1, P20 and adult). Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1852, "question": "Are the islets observed in this study only in adult pancreases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2711085_F1_41604.jpg", "report": "Morphological reorganization of pancreatic islets from prenatal life to adulthood. We localised sympathetic nerve fibres and collagen capsules surrounding the islets by confocal microscopy in longitudinal sections of pancreases. Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; red) and collagen type IV (2nd line, green) at different developmental stages (F19, P1, P20 and adult). Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1853, "question": "Is glucagon visualized using a green fluorescence marker in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2711085_F1_41604.jpg", "report": "Morphological reorganization of pancreatic islets from prenatal life to adulthood. We localised sympathetic nerve fibres and collagen capsules surrounding the islets by confocal microscopy in longitudinal sections of pancreases. Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; red) and collagen type IV (2nd line, green) at different developmental stages (F19, P1, P20 and adult). Scale bar = 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1854, "question": "Was the histology of the reconstructed skin observed 5 weeks after grafting into nude mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2605251_pone-0004066-g009_31588.jpg", "report": "Age-dependent effects of Fp and Fr on the morphology of reconstructed skin after grafting into nude mice.The histology of the different types of three-dimensional reconstructed skin samples was next observed 5 weeks after graft onto nude mice: (A) reconstructed skin containing young Fp; (B) young Fr; (C) old Fp; (D) old Fr. All histological sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and saffron (HES). Scale bars = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1855, "question": "Are the histological sections stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and saffron (HES)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2605251_pone-0004066-g009_31588.jpg", "report": "Age-dependent effects of Fp and Fr on the morphology of reconstructed skin after grafting into nude mice.The histology of the different types of three-dimensional reconstructed skin samples was next observed 5 weeks after graft onto nude mice: (A) reconstructed skin containing young Fp; (B) young Fr; (C) old Fp; (D) old Fr. All histological sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and saffron (HES). Scale bars = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1857, "question": "Were scale bars used in the histological images to represent 50 µm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2605251_pone-0004066-g009_31588.jpg", "report": "Age-dependent effects of Fp and Fr on the morphology of reconstructed skin after grafting into nude mice.The histology of the different types of three-dimensional reconstructed skin samples was next observed 5 weeks after graft onto nude mice: (A) reconstructed skin containing young Fp; (B) young Fr; (C) old Fp; (D) old Fr. All histological sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and saffron (HES). Scale bars = 50 µm."} {"question_id": 1858, "question": "Are the RPE cells in the control specimen plump-shaped?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3038111_F0003_86899.jpg", "report": "Light micrograph of control specimen with higher magnification. The RPE cells are plump-shaped and regularly arranged (arrow), (Toluidine blue × 500)."} {"question_id": 1859, "question": "Are the RPE cells in the control specimen irregularly arranged?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3038111_F0003_86899.jpg", "report": "Light micrograph of control specimen with higher magnification. The RPE cells are plump-shaped and regularly arranged (arrow), (Toluidine blue × 500)."} {"question_id": 1860, "question": "Was Toluidine blue used to stain the control specimen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3038111_F0003_86899.jpg", "report": "Light micrograph of control specimen with higher magnification. The RPE cells are plump-shaped and regularly arranged (arrow), (Toluidine blue × 500)."} {"question_id": 1861, "question": "Is the magnification of the light micrograph less than ×500?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3038111_F0003_86899.jpg", "report": "Light micrograph of control specimen with higher magnification. The RPE cells are plump-shaped and regularly arranged (arrow), (Toluidine blue × 500)."} {"question_id": 1862, "question": "Are the cell formations in Case 9 spherical and aggregated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823760_F5_57154.jpg", "report": "Case 9. The cell formations resemble Wagner-Meissner corpuscles. These are spherical and aggregated (haematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification ×640)."} {"question_id": 1863, "question": "Do the cell formations in Case 9 resemble Pacinian corpuscles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2823760_F5_57154.jpg", "report": "Case 9. The cell formations resemble Wagner-Meissner corpuscles. These are spherical and aggregated (haematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification ×640)."} {"question_id": 1864, "question": "Was haematoxylin and eosin staining used in Case 9?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2823760_F5_57154.jpg", "report": "Case 9. The cell formations resemble Wagner-Meissner corpuscles. These are spherical and aggregated (haematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification ×640)."} {"question_id": 1865, "question": "Is the original magnification of the image in Case 9 ×400?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2823760_F5_57154.jpg", "report": "Case 9. The cell formations resemble Wagner-Meissner corpuscles. These are spherical and aggregated (haematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification ×640)."} {"question_id": 1866, "question": "Are hybrid poplar cells treated with methanol for 24 hours observed under confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3016406_F1_83164.jpg", "report": "Morphological changes in hybrid poplar suspension-cultured cells treated with TA and habituated to TA. A-D Confocal microscopy imaging of hybrid poplar cells stained with fluorescein diacetate: A treated with methanol for 24 h; B treated with TA (1.0 μM) for 24 h; C habituated to 1.7 μM TA; D TA(-)hab cells. Bar = 50 μm. E-L Electron microscopy imaging of 5-day-old non-habituated hybrid poplar cells (E and I) and 5-day-old TA(-)hab cells (F-H, J-L). n = nucleus; cw = cell wall; v = vacuole."} {"question_id": 1867, "question": "Do the images show hybrid poplar cells habituated to 2.0 μM TA?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3016406_F1_83164.jpg", "report": "Morphological changes in hybrid poplar suspension-cultured cells treated with TA and habituated to TA. A-D Confocal microscopy imaging of hybrid poplar cells stained with fluorescein diacetate: A treated with methanol for 24 h; B treated with TA (1.0 μM) for 24 h; C habituated to 1.7 μM TA; D TA(-)hab cells. Bar = 50 μm. E-L Electron microscopy imaging of 5-day-old non-habituated hybrid poplar cells (E and I) and 5-day-old TA(-)hab cells (F-H, J-L). n = nucleus; cw = cell wall; v = vacuole."} {"question_id": 1868, "question": "Is the cell nucleus (n) visible in the electron microscopy images of non-habituated hybrid poplar cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3016406_F1_83164.jpg", "report": "Morphological changes in hybrid poplar suspension-cultured cells treated with TA and habituated to TA. A-D Confocal microscopy imaging of hybrid poplar cells stained with fluorescein diacetate: A treated with methanol for 24 h; B treated with TA (1.0 μM) for 24 h; C habituated to 1.7 μM TA; D TA(-)hab cells. Bar = 50 μm. E-L Electron microscopy imaging of 5-day-old non-habituated hybrid poplar cells (E and I) and 5-day-old TA(-)hab cells (F-H, J-L). n = nucleus; cw = cell wall; v = vacuole."} {"question_id": 1870, "question": "Can immunohistochemical staining be used to detect MMP-2 in ovarian tissues of Siberian hamsters?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913988_F4_70463.jpg", "report": "Representative MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection during the estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background) for all MMPs and TIMPs. (A-D) MMP-2 immunostaining, (E-H) MMP-9 immunostaining, (I-L) MMP-14 immunostaining, (M-P) TIMP-1 immunostaining, and (Q-T) TIMP-2 immunostaining. Insets show negative control immunostaining (no primary antibody present)."} {"question_id": 1871, "question": "Are negative control immunostaining insets present in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913988_F4_70463.jpg", "report": "Representative MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection during the estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background) for all MMPs and TIMPs. (A-D) MMP-2 immunostaining, (E-H) MMP-9 immunostaining, (I-L) MMP-14 immunostaining, (M-P) TIMP-1 immunostaining, and (Q-T) TIMP-2 immunostaining. Insets show negative control immunostaining (no primary antibody present)."} {"question_id": 1872, "question": "Is MMP-14 immunostaining one of the proteins detected in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2913988_F4_70463.jpg", "report": "Representative MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection during the estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background) for all MMPs and TIMPs. (A-D) MMP-2 immunostaining, (E-H) MMP-9 immunostaining, (I-L) MMP-14 immunostaining, (M-P) TIMP-1 immunostaining, and (Q-T) TIMP-2 immunostaining. Insets show negative control immunostaining (no primary antibody present)."} {"question_id": 1873, "question": "Are any TIMPs detected without the use of primary antibodies in the negative control?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2913988_F4_70463.jpg", "report": "Representative MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection during the estrous cycle in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background) for all MMPs and TIMPs. (A-D) MMP-2 immunostaining, (E-H) MMP-9 immunostaining, (I-L) MMP-14 immunostaining, (M-P) TIMP-1 immunostaining, and (Q-T) TIMP-2 immunostaining. Insets show negative control immunostaining (no primary antibody present)."} {"question_id": 1874, "question": "Is LASP-1-expression graded on a scale from 0 to 3 in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2883150_fig1_65809.jpg", "report": "Representative images of heterogeneous LASP-1-expression in human invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of LASP-1 (DAB, brown, magnification × 20). (A) No LASP-1-expression (grade 0). (B) Low LASP-1-expression (grade 1). (C) Medium LASP-1-expression (grade 2). (D) High LASP-1-expression (grade 3). Arrows in (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei."} {"question_id": 1875, "question": "Are there any images showing LASP-1-expression in grade 4?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2883150_fig1_65809.jpg", "report": "Representative images of heterogeneous LASP-1-expression in human invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of LASP-1 (DAB, brown, magnification × 20). (A) No LASP-1-expression (grade 0). (B) Low LASP-1-expression (grade 1). (C) Medium LASP-1-expression (grade 2). (D) High LASP-1-expression (grade 3). Arrows in (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei."} {"question_id": 1876, "question": "Do the arrows in images (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2883150_fig1_65809.jpg", "report": "Representative images of heterogeneous LASP-1-expression in human invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of LASP-1 (DAB, brown, magnification × 20). (A) No LASP-1-expression (grade 0). (B) Low LASP-1-expression (grade 1). (C) Medium LASP-1-expression (grade 2). (D) High LASP-1-expression (grade 3). Arrows in (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei."} {"question_id": 1877, "question": "Is grade 0 indicative of high LASP-1-expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2883150_fig1_65809.jpg", "report": "Representative images of heterogeneous LASP-1-expression in human invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of LASP-1 (DAB, brown, magnification × 20). (A) No LASP-1-expression (grade 0). (B) Low LASP-1-expression (grade 1). (C) Medium LASP-1-expression (grade 2). (D) High LASP-1-expression (grade 3). Arrows in (C) and (D) point to LASP-1-positive nuclei."} {"question_id": 1878, "question": "Is the osteoconduction process limited in the Alpha-BSM® at 1 month?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2807853_F4_55076.jpg", "report": "Alpha-BSM® at 1 month. Masson's tricrome staining and 2× magnification of decalcified bone with calcium phosphate appearing as a still relatively compact matter. The osteoconduction process and newly formed bone were of limited grade and localized onto the interface (black arrows) between the edge of the original bone defect and the implant surface. (New bone = blue, Alpha-BSM = red)"} {"question_id": 1879, "question": "Does the Masson's trichrome stain show new bone as red?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2807853_F4_55076.jpg", "report": "Alpha-BSM® at 1 month. Masson's tricrome staining and 2× magnification of decalcified bone with calcium phosphate appearing as a still relatively compact matter. The osteoconduction process and newly formed bone were of limited grade and localized onto the interface (black arrows) between the edge of the original bone defect and the implant surface. (New bone = blue, Alpha-BSM = red)"} {"question_id": 1880, "question": "Is the newly formed bone localized onto the interface between the original bone defect and the implant surface?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2807853_F4_55076.jpg", "report": "Alpha-BSM® at 1 month. Masson's tricrome staining and 2× magnification of decalcified bone with calcium phosphate appearing as a still relatively compact matter. The osteoconduction process and newly formed bone were of limited grade and localized onto the interface (black arrows) between the edge of the original bone defect and the implant surface. (New bone = blue, Alpha-BSM = red)"} {"question_id": 1881, "question": "Does the calcium phosphate appear as a loosely compact matter in the Alpha-BSM® at 1 month?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2807853_F4_55076.jpg", "report": "Alpha-BSM® at 1 month. Masson's tricrome staining and 2× magnification of decalcified bone with calcium phosphate appearing as a still relatively compact matter. The osteoconduction process and newly formed bone were of limited grade and localized onto the interface (black arrows) between the edge of the original bone defect and the implant surface. (New bone = blue, Alpha-BSM = red)"} {"question_id": 1882, "question": "Are the TM cells positive for fibronectin in the immunohistochemical assay?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2408776_f1_23525.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterization of primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures. Immunohistochemical assays on the TM cells were positive for fibronectin (A), laminin (B), vimentin (C), neuronal specific enolase (D) and negative for the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII (E), which indicated that the primary cultures obtained from normal and POAG individuals were indeed TM cells."} {"question_id": 1883, "question": "Is the endothelial cell marker factor VIII positive in the primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2408776_f1_23525.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterization of primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures. Immunohistochemical assays on the TM cells were positive for fibronectin (A), laminin (B), vimentin (C), neuronal specific enolase (D) and negative for the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII (E), which indicated that the primary cultures obtained from normal and POAG individuals were indeed TM cells."} {"question_id": 1884, "question": "Do the immunohistochemical assays show positivity for laminin in the TM cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2408776_f1_23525.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterization of primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures. Immunohistochemical assays on the TM cells were positive for fibronectin (A), laminin (B), vimentin (C), neuronal specific enolase (D) and negative for the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII (E), which indicated that the primary cultures obtained from normal and POAG individuals were indeed TM cells."} {"question_id": 1885, "question": "Are the TM cells negative for neuronal specific enolase in the immunohistochemical characterization?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2408776_f1_23525.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical characterization of primary trabecular meshwork cell cultures. Immunohistochemical assays on the TM cells were positive for fibronectin (A), laminin (B), vimentin (C), neuronal specific enolase (D) and negative for the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII (E), which indicated that the primary cultures obtained from normal and POAG individuals were indeed TM cells."} {"question_id": 1886, "question": "Are normal stromal cells observed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2869161_fig1_64021.jpg", "report": "Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast)."} {"question_id": 1887, "question": "Are the tumour stromal cells in the image labeled as L2T, L5T, L16T, and P3T?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2869161_fig1_64021.jpg", "report": "Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast)."} {"question_id": 1888, "question": "Is the original magnification of the microscopic fields less than ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2869161_fig1_64021.jpg", "report": "Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast)."} {"question_id": 1889, "question": "Are the tumour stromal cells observed under phase contrast microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2869161_fig1_64021.jpg", "report": "Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast)."} {"question_id": 1890, "question": "Do M. smegmatis biofilms require supplemental iron for optimal growth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2170428_fig06_15732.jpg", "report": "Requirements of supplemental iron for biofilm formation and synthesis of C56–C68 fatty acids. M. smegmatis biofilms were grown for 4 days, with supplemental ferric iron induced in the following concentrations: none (A), 0.5 μM (B), 1 μM (C), 2 μM (D) and 5 μM (E). Samples were harvested, mycolic acids extracted, and analysed by MALDI-TOF as shown in the right. The position of the series of C56–C68 fatty acids is indicated above."} {"question_id": 1891, "question": "Are C56–C68 fatty acids present in M. smegmatis biofilms without supplemental iron?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2170428_fig06_15732.jpg", "report": "Requirements of supplemental iron for biofilm formation and synthesis of C56–C68 fatty acids. M. smegmatis biofilms were grown for 4 days, with supplemental ferric iron induced in the following concentrations: none (A), 0.5 μM (B), 1 μM (C), 2 μM (D) and 5 μM (E). Samples were harvested, mycolic acids extracted, and analysed by MALDI-TOF as shown in the right. The position of the series of C56–C68 fatty acids is indicated above."} {"question_id": 1892, "question": "Does a concentration of 0.5 μM ferric iron support biofilm formation in M. smegmatis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2170428_fig06_15732.jpg", "report": "Requirements of supplemental iron for biofilm formation and synthesis of C56–C68 fatty acids. M. smegmatis biofilms were grown for 4 days, with supplemental ferric iron induced in the following concentrations: none (A), 0.5 μM (B), 1 μM (C), 2 μM (D) and 5 μM (E). Samples were harvested, mycolic acids extracted, and analysed by MALDI-TOF as shown in the right. The position of the series of C56–C68 fatty acids is indicated above."} {"question_id": 1893, "question": "Is the analysis of mycolic acids conducted using MALDI-TOF?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2170428_fig06_15732.jpg", "report": "Requirements of supplemental iron for biofilm formation and synthesis of C56–C68 fatty acids. M. smegmatis biofilms were grown for 4 days, with supplemental ferric iron induced in the following concentrations: none (A), 0.5 μM (B), 1 μM (C), 2 μM (D) and 5 μM (E). Samples were harvested, mycolic acids extracted, and analysed by MALDI-TOF as shown in the right. The position of the series of C56–C68 fatty acids is indicated above."} {"question_id": 1894, "question": "Can Gb3 immunoreactivity be observed in tumor cells in breast cancer cryostat sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2650710_F1_35338.jpg", "report": "Micrographs of immunohistochemistry on two breast cancer cryostat sections showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 (redbrown), in (A-C) tumour cells and (D) vascular vessels. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1895, "question": "Is the magnification of the micrographs provided 100×?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2650710_F1_35338.jpg", "report": "Micrographs of immunohistochemistry on two breast cancer cryostat sections showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 (redbrown), in (A-C) tumour cells and (D) vascular vessels. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1896, "question": "Are vascular vessels showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 in the provided breast cancer sections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2650710_F1_35338.jpg", "report": "Micrographs of immunohistochemistry on two breast cancer cryostat sections showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 (redbrown), in (A-C) tumour cells and (D) vascular vessels. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1897, "question": "Is the immunoreactivity of Gb3 observed in non-cancerous breast tissue in the given micrographs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2650710_F1_35338.jpg", "report": "Micrographs of immunohistochemistry on two breast cancer cryostat sections showing immunoreactivity of Gb3 (redbrown), in (A-C) tumour cells and (D) vascular vessels. 40× magnification."} {"question_id": 1898, "question": "Are the nuclei stained with DAPI in the provided images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816995_pone-0009054-g006_56230.jpg", "report": "Double staining of BrdU and vGluT mRNA.(A, B) Confocal images of sections dually stained by anti-BrdU antibody (green) and an antisense riboprobe against vGluT mRNA (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate BrdU-positive nuclei surrounded by a vGluT signal as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (C, D) No signal is detected by a sense probe against vGluT mRNA. Magnifications of objective lenses were 63× (A, C) or 100× (B, D). Scale bars: 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1899, "question": "Is there a detectable signal with the sense probe against vGluT mRNA?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816995_pone-0009054-g006_56230.jpg", "report": "Double staining of BrdU and vGluT mRNA.(A, B) Confocal images of sections dually stained by anti-BrdU antibody (green) and an antisense riboprobe against vGluT mRNA (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate BrdU-positive nuclei surrounded by a vGluT signal as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (C, D) No signal is detected by a sense probe against vGluT mRNA. Magnifications of objective lenses were 63× (A, C) or 100× (B, D). Scale bars: 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1900, "question": "Does the BrdU-positive nuclei surround the vGluT signal as shown by in situ hybridization?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816995_pone-0009054-g006_56230.jpg", "report": "Double staining of BrdU and vGluT mRNA.(A, B) Confocal images of sections dually stained by anti-BrdU antibody (green) and an antisense riboprobe against vGluT mRNA (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate BrdU-positive nuclei surrounded by a vGluT signal as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (C, D) No signal is detected by a sense probe against vGluT mRNA. Magnifications of objective lenses were 63× (A, C) or 100× (B, D). Scale bars: 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1901, "question": "Were the images magnified using 63× and 100× objective lenses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816995_pone-0009054-g006_56230.jpg", "report": "Double staining of BrdU and vGluT mRNA.(A, B) Confocal images of sections dually stained by anti-BrdU antibody (green) and an antisense riboprobe against vGluT mRNA (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate BrdU-positive nuclei surrounded by a vGluT signal as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (C, D) No signal is detected by a sense probe against vGluT mRNA. Magnifications of objective lenses were 63× (A, C) or 100× (B, D). Scale bars: 20 µm."} {"question_id": 1902, "question": "Is the 1% biofoam characterized by the presence of filaments?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3083698_f2-ijms-12-01175_93590.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the biofoam. (a) and (b), The 1% biofoam exhibits filaments; (c) and (d), the 4% biofoam presents a leaf-based structure."} {"question_id": 1903, "question": "Does the 4% biofoam exhibit a filamentous structure?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3083698_f2-ijms-12-01175_93590.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the biofoam. (a) and (b), The 1% biofoam exhibits filaments; (c) and (d), the 4% biofoam presents a leaf-based structure."} {"question_id": 1904, "question": "Is a leaf-based structure observed in the 4% biofoam?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3083698_f2-ijms-12-01175_93590.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the biofoam. (a) and (b), The 1% biofoam exhibits filaments; (c) and (d), the 4% biofoam presents a leaf-based structure."} {"question_id": 1905, "question": "Are the filaments observed in the 4% biofoam?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3083698_f2-ijms-12-01175_93590.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the biofoam. (a) and (b), The 1% biofoam exhibits filaments; (c) and (d), the 4% biofoam presents a leaf-based structure."} {"question_id": 1906, "question": "Can TGF-β1 treatment induce morphological changes in M1-4HSCs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody."} {"question_id": 1907, "question": "Does the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 occur in untreated M1-4HSCs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody."} {"question_id": 1908, "question": "Are the morphological changes in M1-4HSCs analyzed using phase contrast microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody."} {"question_id": 1909, "question": "Is confocal immunofluorescence analysis used to visualize the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody."} {"question_id": 1910, "question": "Does the staining of cells with an anti-desmin antibody reveal cytoplasmic localization?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1804283_F1_9710.jpg", "report": "Cellular model of hepatic fibrosis. (A) Morphological changes of M1-4HSCs treated with TGF-β1 either for 72 hours or for long-term (myofibroblastoid M-HT) as analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence images after staining of cells with anti-desmin antibody."} {"question_id": 1911, "question": "Is class III β-tubulin overexpressed in the MCF-7-TUBB3 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816659_fig5_56166.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent images of cells overexpressing class III β-tubulin after drug exposure. MCF-7-control, MCF-7-TUBB3, MDA-MB-231-control and MDA-MB-231-TUBB3 cells were treated for 48 h with STX140, paclitaxel or colchicine at concentrations close to IC50 values obtained in control cells and stained with FITC-anti-tubulin (tubulin) and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Images were taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1912, "question": "Were the cells treated for less than 24 hours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816659_fig5_56166.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent images of cells overexpressing class III β-tubulin after drug exposure. MCF-7-control, MCF-7-TUBB3, MDA-MB-231-control and MDA-MB-231-TUBB3 cells were treated for 48 h with STX140, paclitaxel or colchicine at concentrations close to IC50 values obtained in control cells and stained with FITC-anti-tubulin (tubulin) and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Images were taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1913, "question": "Were the images taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2816659_fig5_56166.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent images of cells overexpressing class III β-tubulin after drug exposure. MCF-7-control, MCF-7-TUBB3, MDA-MB-231-control and MDA-MB-231-TUBB3 cells were treated for 48 h with STX140, paclitaxel or colchicine at concentrations close to IC50 values obtained in control cells and stained with FITC-anti-tubulin (tubulin) and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Images were taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1914, "question": "Is Hoechst 33342 used to stain tubulin in the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2816659_fig5_56166.jpg", "report": "Fluorescent images of cells overexpressing class III β-tubulin after drug exposure. MCF-7-control, MCF-7-TUBB3, MDA-MB-231-control and MDA-MB-231-TUBB3 cells were treated for 48 h with STX140, paclitaxel or colchicine at concentrations close to IC50 values obtained in control cells and stained with FITC-anti-tubulin (tubulin) and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Images were taken using a Zeiss inverted microscope at × 200 magnification."} {"question_id": 1915, "question": "Do HD-HIV cells express CCR5 following HIV infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3025950_F5_85381.jpg", "report": "Expression of hematopoietic markers in HD cells following HIV infection. Immunohistochemistry of HD-HIV cells, fluorescent images indicate the expression of CCR5, CCR4, NOS2, and CXCR4. Right panel shows the DIC images of identical fields. Images were obtained with Leica TCS SP-2 confocal microscope. Scale bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1917, "question": "Is CCR4 expression observed in HD-HIV cells in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3025950_F5_85381.jpg", "report": "Expression of hematopoietic markers in HD cells following HIV infection. Immunohistochemistry of HD-HIV cells, fluorescent images indicate the expression of CCR5, CCR4, NOS2, and CXCR4. Right panel shows the DIC images of identical fields. Images were obtained with Leica TCS SP-2 confocal microscope. Scale bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1918, "question": "Are the scale bars in the images 20 μm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3025950_F5_85381.jpg", "report": "Expression of hematopoietic markers in HD cells following HIV infection. Immunohistochemistry of HD-HIV cells, fluorescent images indicate the expression of CCR5, CCR4, NOS2, and CXCR4. Right panel shows the DIC images of identical fields. Images were obtained with Leica TCS SP-2 confocal microscope. Scale bar 10 μm."} {"question_id": 1919, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate the presence of haemorrhagic necrosis in the tumour?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360755_fig2_21354.jpg", "report": "Tumour vascular destructive effect and haemorrhagic necrosis upon Hi-based ILP. Pictures of representative tumour histology (HE) and vascular destruction (CD31) right after ILP with DXR, Hi or DXR + Hi are shown. Orange bar on × 16 magnification pictures corresponds to 100 μm and red bar on × 40 magnification to 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1920, "question": "Is CD31 used to visualize vascular destruction in the tumour histology images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2360755_fig2_21354.jpg", "report": "Tumour vascular destructive effect and haemorrhagic necrosis upon Hi-based ILP. Pictures of representative tumour histology (HE) and vascular destruction (CD31) right after ILP with DXR, Hi or DXR + Hi are shown. Orange bar on × 16 magnification pictures corresponds to 100 μm and red bar on × 40 magnification to 50 μm."} {"question_id": 1923, "question": "Is histiocytic sarcoma characterized by the presence of histiocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1808440_F5_9810.jpg", "report": "Histiocytic sarcoma. Residual follicular dendritic cells are strongly positive for CD21. (B-SA, anti-CD21, original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 1924, "question": "Are residual follicular dendritic cells negative for CD21 in histiocytic sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1808440_F5_9810.jpg", "report": "Histiocytic sarcoma. Residual follicular dendritic cells are strongly positive for CD21. (B-SA, anti-CD21, original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 1925, "question": "Can histiocytic sarcoma be identified using anti-CD21 antibodies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1808440_F5_9810.jpg", "report": "Histiocytic sarcoma. Residual follicular dendritic cells are strongly positive for CD21. (B-SA, anti-CD21, original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 1926, "question": "Are residual follicular dendritic cells in histiocytic sarcoma typically weakly positive for CD21?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1808440_F5_9810.jpg", "report": "Histiocytic sarcoma. Residual follicular dendritic cells are strongly positive for CD21. (B-SA, anti-CD21, original magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 1927, "question": "Do the liver sections show hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2944848_pone-0012941-g002_74451.jpg", "report": "Hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice.Masson's trichrome stained liver sections from mice injected for 9 weeks with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs and subjected to treatment with saline or anti-TNF. Images were photographed at 200X magnification."} {"question_id": 1928, "question": "Were the images of the liver sections taken at a magnification of 100X?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2944848_pone-0012941-g002_74451.jpg", "report": "Hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice.Masson's trichrome stained liver sections from mice injected for 9 weeks with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs and subjected to treatment with saline or anti-TNF. Images were photographed at 200X magnification."} {"question_id": 1929, "question": "Was Masson's trichrome stain used to visualize the liver sections in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2944848_pone-0012941-g002_74451.jpg", "report": "Hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice.Masson's trichrome stained liver sections from mice injected for 9 weeks with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs and subjected to treatment with saline or anti-TNF. Images were photographed at 200X magnification."} {"question_id": 1930, "question": "Did the liver sections of mice injected with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs receive treatment with saline or anti-TNF?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2944848_pone-0012941-g002_74451.jpg", "report": "Hepatic formation and clustering of foamy macrophages in NPC1 knockdown mice.Masson's trichrome stained liver sections from mice injected for 9 weeks with mismatched (MM) and NPC1-specific ASOs and subjected to treatment with saline or anti-TNF. Images were photographed at 200X magnification."} {"question_id": 1931, "question": "Are the nodes with high betweenness localized on the right half of the circular layout?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2683874_F15_38678.jpg", "report": "Correlation between drug targeting and betweenness of nodes. yFiles Circular Layout of AM network that emphasizes the nodes with high betweenness. The nodes with high betweenness are localized on the left half of the circle (blue colour and highest density of the edges). These proteins are characterized by their propensity to be drug targets, as shown with the major size of nodes."} {"question_id": 1932, "question": "Does the circular layout emphasize nodes based on their betweenness?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2683874_F15_38678.jpg", "report": "Correlation between drug targeting and betweenness of nodes. yFiles Circular Layout of AM network that emphasizes the nodes with high betweenness. The nodes with high betweenness are localized on the left half of the circle (blue colour and highest density of the edges). These proteins are characterized by their propensity to be drug targets, as shown with the major size of nodes."} {"question_id": 1933, "question": "Are proteins with high betweenness characterized by a smaller size of nodes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2683874_F15_38678.jpg", "report": "Correlation between drug targeting and betweenness of nodes. yFiles Circular Layout of AM network that emphasizes the nodes with high betweenness. The nodes with high betweenness are localized on the left half of the circle (blue colour and highest density of the edges). These proteins are characterized by their propensity to be drug targets, as shown with the major size of nodes."} {"question_id": 1934, "question": "Is there a correlation between high betweenness and a protein's propensity to be a drug target?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2683874_F15_38678.jpg", "report": "Correlation between drug targeting and betweenness of nodes. yFiles Circular Layout of AM network that emphasizes the nodes with high betweenness. The nodes with high betweenness are localized on the left half of the circle (blue colour and highest density of the edges). These proteins are characterized by their propensity to be drug targets, as shown with the major size of nodes."} {"question_id": 1935, "question": "Is immunohistochemical staining used to analyze porin in the adrenal cortex?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2861660_F2_63163.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of porin, complex II and complex III of NB, adjacent adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Immunohistochemical staining of porin (a, d, g), complex II subunit 70 kDa Fp (b, e, h) and complex III subunit Core2 (c, f, i) in unaffected adrenal tissue (a, b, c) and unaffected adrenal medulla (d, e, f) was compared to the adjacent NB tumor tissue (g, h, i). Magnification: Figure 2a - c 200×, Figure 2d - i 400×."} {"question_id": 1936, "question": "Was the staining of unaffected adrenal medulla tissue compared to unrelated tissue samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2861660_F2_63163.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of porin, complex II and complex III of NB, adjacent adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Immunohistochemical staining of porin (a, d, g), complex II subunit 70 kDa Fp (b, e, h) and complex III subunit Core2 (c, f, i) in unaffected adrenal tissue (a, b, c) and unaffected adrenal medulla (d, e, f) was compared to the adjacent NB tumor tissue (g, h, i). Magnification: Figure 2a - c 200×, Figure 2d - i 400×."} {"question_id": 1938, "question": "Are the magnifications of the tissue images uniform throughout the figures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2861660_F2_63163.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining of porin, complex II and complex III of NB, adjacent adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Immunohistochemical staining of porin (a, d, g), complex II subunit 70 kDa Fp (b, e, h) and complex III subunit Core2 (c, f, i) in unaffected adrenal tissue (a, b, c) and unaffected adrenal medulla (d, e, f) was compared to the adjacent NB tumor tissue (g, h, i). Magnification: Figure 2a - c 200×, Figure 2d - i 400×."} {"question_id": 1939, "question": "Do the trabecular path lengths appear irregular in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2805894_F0002_54731.jpg", "report": "Scan pattern of trabecular (t) and marrow space (l) path lengths"} {"question_id": 1940, "question": "Are the marrow spaces observed in the image uniformly distributed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2805894_F0002_54731.jpg", "report": "Scan pattern of trabecular (t) and marrow space (l) path lengths"} {"question_id": 1941, "question": "Is the analysis of trabecular path lengths critical for diagnosing bone-related chest pathologies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2805894_F0002_54731.jpg", "report": "Scan pattern of trabecular (t) and marrow space (l) path lengths"} {"question_id": 1942, "question": "Are the marrow spaces in the chest pathology image filled with fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2805894_F0002_54731.jpg", "report": "Scan pattern of trabecular (t) and marrow space (l) path lengths"} {"question_id": 1943, "question": "Is mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1513245_F8_6089.jpg", "report": "Representative sections of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. A: Mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma. B: Mammaglobin A expression in invasive lobular carcinoma. C: Mammaglobin A expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. D: Mammaglobin A expression in an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Note that mammaglobin A is not expressed equally in all cells. Magnification: 400 ×."} {"question_id": 1944, "question": "Is mammaglobin A expression absent in invasive lobular carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1513245_F8_6089.jpg", "report": "Representative sections of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. A: Mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma. B: Mammaglobin A expression in invasive lobular carcinoma. C: Mammaglobin A expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. D: Mammaglobin A expression in an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Note that mammaglobin A is not expressed equally in all cells. Magnification: 400 ×."} {"question_id": 1945, "question": "Can mammaglobin A be expressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1513245_F8_6089.jpg", "report": "Representative sections of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. A: Mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma. B: Mammaglobin A expression in invasive lobular carcinoma. C: Mammaglobin A expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. D: Mammaglobin A expression in an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Note that mammaglobin A is not expressed equally in all cells. Magnification: 400 ×."} {"question_id": 1946, "question": "Is mammaglobin A expression uniform across all types of carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1513245_F8_6089.jpg", "report": "Representative sections of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. A: Mammaglobin A expression found in invasive ductal carcinoma. B: Mammaglobin A expression in invasive lobular carcinoma. C: Mammaglobin A expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. D: Mammaglobin A expression in an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Note that mammaglobin A is not expressed equally in all cells. Magnification: 400 ×."} {"question_id": 1947, "question": "Are the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from the L4-L6 sections stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53665.jpg", "report": "Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1948, "question": "Is the spinal interneuron marker used in the staining process PKCγ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53665.jpg", "report": "Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1949, "question": "Do the images show staining in the thoracic spinal cord sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53665.jpg", "report": "Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1950, "question": "Were some sections acquired using confocal microscopy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53665.jpg", "report": "Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm."} {"question_id": 1951, "question": "Were anti-c-kit and anti-insulin antibodies used for double fluorescence immunolabeling in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2956457_fig7_76165.jpg", "report": "Double fluorescence immunolabeling (green signal: anti-c-kit Ab; red signal anti-insulin Ab) under confocal laser microscopy of NPI cell monolayers cultivated for 7 (a), (d), 14 (b), (e), and 21 (c), (f) days, alone (a)–(c) or with SC (d)–(f). Bar =10 μm."} {"question_id": 1953, "question": "Were the cells cultivated alone or with SC in this study?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2956457_fig7_76165.jpg", "report": "Double fluorescence immunolabeling (green signal: anti-c-kit Ab; red signal anti-insulin Ab) under confocal laser microscopy of NPI cell monolayers cultivated for 7 (a), (d), 14 (b), (e), and 21 (c), (f) days, alone (a)–(c) or with SC (d)–(f). Bar =10 μm."} {"question_id": 1955, "question": "Can invasive tumors in the brain be identified using microscopic fields at ×100 magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364801_fig3_21759.jpg", "report": "Examples of an invasive (A) and a practically noninvasive (B) tumour in a brain slice. Each of the two image montages is composed of six contiguous microscopic fields (× 100, 0.76 mm2). To avoid out-of-focus fluorescent glow and to facilitate tumour cell recognition, each image of glioma cells was separately segmented using grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms (KS400 3.0), and the resulting binary image was overlaid in grey."} {"question_id": 1956, "question": "Does the process of segmenting glioma cells involve grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364801_fig3_21759.jpg", "report": "Examples of an invasive (A) and a practically noninvasive (B) tumour in a brain slice. Each of the two image montages is composed of six contiguous microscopic fields (× 100, 0.76 mm2). To avoid out-of-focus fluorescent glow and to facilitate tumour cell recognition, each image of glioma cells was separately segmented using grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms (KS400 3.0), and the resulting binary image was overlaid in grey."} {"question_id": 1957, "question": "Are the images of glioma cells overlaid in color for better recognition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2364801_fig3_21759.jpg", "report": "Examples of an invasive (A) and a practically noninvasive (B) tumour in a brain slice. Each of the two image montages is composed of six contiguous microscopic fields (× 100, 0.76 mm2). To avoid out-of-focus fluorescent glow and to facilitate tumour cell recognition, each image of glioma cells was separately segmented using grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms (KS400 3.0), and the resulting binary image was overlaid in grey."} {"question_id": 1958, "question": "Can practically noninvasive tumors be distinguished from invasive ones in brain slices?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364801_fig3_21759.jpg", "report": "Examples of an invasive (A) and a practically noninvasive (B) tumour in a brain slice. Each of the two image montages is composed of six contiguous microscopic fields (× 100, 0.76 mm2). To avoid out-of-focus fluorescent glow and to facilitate tumour cell recognition, each image of glioma cells was separately segmented using grey morphology and adaptive thresholding algorithms (KS400 3.0), and the resulting binary image was overlaid in grey."} {"question_id": 1959, "question": "Is β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma always preserved?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2394393_fig4_23182.jpg", "report": "β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (A) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows preserved β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170; (B) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows reduced β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170."} {"question_id": 1960, "question": "Can β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma be reduced?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2394393_fig4_23182.jpg", "report": "β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (A) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows preserved β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170; (B) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows reduced β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170."} {"question_id": 1962, "question": "Is the pathology report discussing a lung carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2394393_fig4_23182.jpg", "report": "β-catenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (A) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows preserved β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170; (B) An oral squamous cell carcinoma shows reduced β-catenin expression, original magnification × 170."} {"question_id": 1963, "question": "Are large areas of necrosis observed in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2375213_fig5_22280.jpg", "report": "H&E staining of sections from Panc-1 (A), Panc-1/BAI11 (B), and Panc-1/LacZ 1 (C) tumours (magnification, ×10). Large areas of necrosis in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples. Also, the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 in human Panc-1 (D), Panc-1/BAI11 (E), and Panc-1/LacZ (F) tumours from immunodeficient mice (magnification,×40) showed a decreased vascular index (G) in the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples."} {"question_id": 1964, "question": "Is the endothelial cell marker CD31 expressed in the Panc-1 tumours from immunodeficient mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2375213_fig5_22280.jpg", "report": "H&E staining of sections from Panc-1 (A), Panc-1/BAI11 (B), and Panc-1/LacZ 1 (C) tumours (magnification, ×10). Large areas of necrosis in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples. Also, the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 in human Panc-1 (D), Panc-1/BAI11 (E), and Panc-1/LacZ (F) tumours from immunodeficient mice (magnification,×40) showed a decreased vascular index (G) in the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples."} {"question_id": 1965, "question": "Does the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples show an increased vascular index compared to Panc-1 tumours?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2375213_fig5_22280.jpg", "report": "H&E staining of sections from Panc-1 (A), Panc-1/BAI11 (B), and Panc-1/LacZ 1 (C) tumours (magnification, ×10). Large areas of necrosis in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples. Also, the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 in human Panc-1 (D), Panc-1/BAI11 (E), and Panc-1/LacZ (F) tumours from immunodeficient mice (magnification,×40) showed a decreased vascular index (G) in the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples."} {"question_id": 1966, "question": "Are the Panc-1 tumour samples stained using H&E staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2375213_fig5_22280.jpg", "report": "H&E staining of sections from Panc-1 (A), Panc-1/BAI11 (B), and Panc-1/LacZ 1 (C) tumours (magnification, ×10). Large areas of necrosis in the Panc-1/BAI1 tumour samples. Also, the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 in human Panc-1 (D), Panc-1/BAI11 (E), and Panc-1/LacZ (F) tumours from immunodeficient mice (magnification,×40) showed a decreased vascular index (G) in the BAI1 transfectant tumour samples."} {"question_id": 1967, "question": "Is early carcinoma typically identified at high magnification such as 400-fold?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803165_F6_53987.jpg", "report": "Early carcinoma (H&E, oil immersion, 400-fold magnification)."} {"question_id": 1968, "question": "Can early carcinoma be diagnosed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2803165_F6_53987.jpg", "report": "Early carcinoma (H&E, oil immersion, 400-fold magnification)."} {"question_id": 1969, "question": "Is it likely that early carcinoma will exhibit no cellular abnormalities under oil immersion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2803165_F6_53987.jpg", "report": "Early carcinoma (H&E, oil immersion, 400-fold magnification)."} {"question_id": 1970, "question": "Are inflammatory cells like lymphocytes commonly seen in early carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2803165_F6_53987.jpg", "report": "Early carcinoma (H&E, oil immersion, 400-fold magnification)."} {"question_id": 1971, "question": "Does the H&E staining indicate hyperkeratotic epidermis in the patient with ACD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3048549_F2_88958.jpg", "report": "The histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the patient with ACD. (A) H&E staining indicated hyperkeratotic epidermis and amorphous eosinophilic masses in the papillary dermis. (original magnification × 40). (B) Congo red staining indicated positive for eosinophilic masses. (original magnification × 100). (C) The immunohistochemical examination indicated negative for HMB-45. (original magnification × 100)"} {"question_id": 1972, "question": "Are the eosinophilic masses found in the papillary dermis according to the H&E staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3048549_F2_88958.jpg", "report": "The histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the patient with ACD. (A) H&E staining indicated hyperkeratotic epidermis and amorphous eosinophilic masses in the papillary dermis. (original magnification × 40). (B) Congo red staining indicated positive for eosinophilic masses. (original magnification × 100). (C) The immunohistochemical examination indicated negative for HMB-45. (original magnification × 100)"} {"question_id": 1973, "question": "Is the Congo red staining result negative for eosinophilic masses?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3048549_F2_88958.jpg", "report": "The histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the patient with ACD. (A) H&E staining indicated hyperkeratotic epidermis and amorphous eosinophilic masses in the papillary dermis. (original magnification × 40). (B) Congo red staining indicated positive for eosinophilic masses. (original magnification × 100). (C) The immunohistochemical examination indicated negative for HMB-45. (original magnification × 100)"} {"question_id": 1974, "question": "Does the immunohistochemical examination indicate a positive result for HMB-45?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3048549_F2_88958.jpg", "report": "The histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the patient with ACD. (A) H&E staining indicated hyperkeratotic epidermis and amorphous eosinophilic masses in the papillary dermis. (original magnification × 40). (B) Congo red staining indicated positive for eosinophilic masses. (original magnification × 100). (C) The immunohistochemical examination indicated negative for HMB-45. (original magnification × 100)"} {"question_id": 1975, "question": "Is OLIG1 expression absent in the tumor-free lung tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1831740_pmed-0040108-g005_10130.jpg", "report": "\nOLIG1 Immunohistochemistry on a Lung Tissue Array\nOLIG1 immunohistochemistry on (A and E) tumor-free lung, (B) an OLIG1 negative adenocarcinoma, and (F) an OLIG1 negative SCC; (C) a low OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (G) a low OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown; (D) a high OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (H) a high OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown. All images were acquired at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1976, "question": "Are there adenocarcinomas that do not express OLIG1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1831740_pmed-0040108-g005_10130.jpg", "report": "\nOLIG1 Immunohistochemistry on a Lung Tissue Array\nOLIG1 immunohistochemistry on (A and E) tumor-free lung, (B) an OLIG1 negative adenocarcinoma, and (F) an OLIG1 negative SCC; (C) a low OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (G) a low OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown; (D) a high OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (H) a high OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown. All images were acquired at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1977, "question": "Can OLIG1 be expressed at high levels in certain adenocarcinomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1831740_pmed-0040108-g005_10130.jpg", "report": "\nOLIG1 Immunohistochemistry on a Lung Tissue Array\nOLIG1 immunohistochemistry on (A and E) tumor-free lung, (B) an OLIG1 negative adenocarcinoma, and (F) an OLIG1 negative SCC; (C) a low OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (G) a low OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown; (D) a high OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (H) a high OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown. All images were acquired at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1978, "question": "Are all SCCs (squamous cell carcinomas) negative for OLIG1 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1831740_pmed-0040108-g005_10130.jpg", "report": "\nOLIG1 Immunohistochemistry on a Lung Tissue Array\nOLIG1 immunohistochemistry on (A and E) tumor-free lung, (B) an OLIG1 negative adenocarcinoma, and (F) an OLIG1 negative SCC; (C) a low OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (G) a low OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown; (D) a high OLIG1 expressing adenocarcinoma and (H) a high OLIG1 expressing SCC are shown. All images were acquired at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 1979, "question": "Are the images taken at a magnification of 500 nm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2748705_pone-0007243-g003_46649.jpg", "report": "500 nm magnifications of minichromosomes assembled without or with each somatic H1.The same techniques as in Figure 2 were used. The horizontal bar corresponds to 100 nm and the grid size is 500 nm. The vertical scale is shown."} {"question_id": 1980, "question": "Were the minichromosomes assembled without any somatic H1 proteins?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2748705_pone-0007243-g003_46649.jpg", "report": "500 nm magnifications of minichromosomes assembled without or with each somatic H1.The same techniques as in Figure 2 were used. The horizontal bar corresponds to 100 nm and the grid size is 500 nm. The vertical scale is shown."} {"question_id": 1981, "question": "Is the horizontal bar in the image equal to 100 nm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2748705_pone-0007243-g003_46649.jpg", "report": "500 nm magnifications of minichromosomes assembled without or with each somatic H1.The same techniques as in Figure 2 were used. The horizontal bar corresponds to 100 nm and the grid size is 500 nm. The vertical scale is shown."} {"question_id": 1982, "question": "Does the grid size in the images measure 1000 nm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2748705_pone-0007243-g003_46649.jpg", "report": "500 nm magnifications of minichromosomes assembled without or with each somatic H1.The same techniques as in Figure 2 were used. The horizontal bar corresponds to 100 nm and the grid size is 500 nm. The vertical scale is shown."} {"question_id": 1983, "question": "Can zebrafish larvae retinas be stained with BODEC and DIBPBC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2945357_F2_74636.jpg", "report": "The coumarin dyes are fixable. Zebrafish larvae at 6 dpf were stained with BODEC (A) or DIBPBC (B) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The retinas were sectioned and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The zebrafish retinas are clearly visualized similar to the in vivo imaging."} {"question_id": 1984, "question": "Are the zebrafish larvae in the study older than 6 days post-fertilization (dpf)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2945357_F2_74636.jpg", "report": "The coumarin dyes are fixable. Zebrafish larvae at 6 dpf were stained with BODEC (A) or DIBPBC (B) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The retinas were sectioned and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The zebrafish retinas are clearly visualized similar to the in vivo imaging."} {"question_id": 1985, "question": "Is confocal laser scanning microscopy used to visualize the zebrafish retinas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2945357_F2_74636.jpg", "report": "The coumarin dyes are fixable. Zebrafish larvae at 6 dpf were stained with BODEC (A) or DIBPBC (B) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The retinas were sectioned and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The zebrafish retinas are clearly visualized similar to the in vivo imaging."} {"question_id": 1986, "question": "Are the zebrafish retinas not clearly visualized after staining and fixing?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2945357_F2_74636.jpg", "report": "The coumarin dyes are fixable. Zebrafish larvae at 6 dpf were stained with BODEC (A) or DIBPBC (B) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The retinas were sectioned and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The zebrafish retinas are clearly visualized similar to the in vivo imaging."} {"question_id": 1987, "question": "Does the control sample of P. aeruginosa show disruption and lysis of membrane integrity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2996806_f3-ijms-11-03922_80446.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of P. aeruginosa incubated with the optimum concentration of ethanolic leaf extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (A) Control (absence of extract); (B) disruption and lysis of membrane integrity; (C) wrinkled abnormalities and cleft formation; (D) abnormal breaking of cell."} {"question_id": 1988, "question": "Are wrinkled abnormalities and cleft formation observed in P. aeruginosa when incubated with the ethanolic leaf extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2996806_f3-ijms-11-03922_80446.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of P. aeruginosa incubated with the optimum concentration of ethanolic leaf extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (A) Control (absence of extract); (B) disruption and lysis of membrane integrity; (C) wrinkled abnormalities and cleft formation; (D) abnormal breaking of cell."} {"question_id": 1989, "question": "Is the abnormal breaking of P. aeruginosa cells observed in the presence of the extract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2996806_f3-ijms-11-03922_80446.jpg", "report": "Scanning electron micrographs of P. aeruginosa incubated with the optimum concentration of ethanolic leaf extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (A) Control (absence of extract); (B) disruption and lysis of membrane integrity; (C) wrinkled abnormalities and cleft formation; (D) abnormal breaking of cell."} {"question_id": 1991, "question": "Were HB1.F3.C1 cells detected in the brain tissue of mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1762394_pone-0000023-g006_8212.jpg", "report": "Mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors were injected intravenously with 2 million HB1.F3.C1 cells pre-labeled with CM-DiI Red Cell Tracker.Normal and tumor-bearing organs were harvested, sectioned, and stained with DAPI. HB1.F3.C1 cells were not detected in normal (A) brain, (B) kidney, (C) heart, (D) intestine, or (E) skin tissue.Rare, single, HB1.F3.C1 cells (white arrows) were seen in (F) lung, (G) liver and (H) spleen.Scale bars: 200 µm (A–E), 100 µm (F–H)."} {"question_id": 1992, "question": "Were HB1.F3.C1 cells found in the lung tissue of tumor-bearing mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1762394_pone-0000023-g006_8212.jpg", "report": "Mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors were injected intravenously with 2 million HB1.F3.C1 cells pre-labeled with CM-DiI Red Cell Tracker.Normal and tumor-bearing organs were harvested, sectioned, and stained with DAPI. HB1.F3.C1 cells were not detected in normal (A) brain, (B) kidney, (C) heart, (D) intestine, or (E) skin tissue.Rare, single, HB1.F3.C1 cells (white arrows) were seen in (F) lung, (G) liver and (H) spleen.Scale bars: 200 µm (A–E), 100 µm (F–H)."} {"question_id": 1993, "question": "Is the scale bar for the liver tissue images 200 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1762394_pone-0000023-g006_8212.jpg", "report": "Mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors were injected intravenously with 2 million HB1.F3.C1 cells pre-labeled with CM-DiI Red Cell Tracker.Normal and tumor-bearing organs were harvested, sectioned, and stained with DAPI. HB1.F3.C1 cells were not detected in normal (A) brain, (B) kidney, (C) heart, (D) intestine, or (E) skin tissue.Rare, single, HB1.F3.C1 cells (white arrows) were seen in (F) lung, (G) liver and (H) spleen.Scale bars: 200 µm (A–E), 100 µm (F–H)."} {"question_id": 1994, "question": "Were HB1.F3.C1 cells detected in the kidney tissue of normal mice?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1762394_pone-0000023-g006_8212.jpg", "report": "Mice bearing microscopic NB-1643 tumors were injected intravenously with 2 million HB1.F3.C1 cells pre-labeled with CM-DiI Red Cell Tracker.Normal and tumor-bearing organs were harvested, sectioned, and stained with DAPI. HB1.F3.C1 cells were not detected in normal (A) brain, (B) kidney, (C) heart, (D) intestine, or (E) skin tissue.Rare, single, HB1.F3.C1 cells (white arrows) were seen in (F) lung, (G) liver and (H) spleen.Scale bars: 200 µm (A–E), 100 µm (F–H)."} {"question_id": 1995, "question": "Is FGFR1 gene amplification associated with grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma in breast cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1868920_F1_10895.jpg", "report": "FGFR1 gene amplification in breast cancer. (a) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) with (b) one or two copies of FGFR1 (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630). (c) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) harbouring (d) FGFR1 gene amplification (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630)."} {"question_id": 1996, "question": "In the provided images, are there more than two copies of FGFR1 visible in the carcinoma cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1868920_F1_10895.jpg", "report": "FGFR1 gene amplification in breast cancer. (a) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) with (b) one or two copies of FGFR1 (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630). (c) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) harbouring (d) FGFR1 gene amplification (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630)."} {"question_id": 1998, "question": "Are the images taken at original magnifications of × 200 and × 400, with insets at × 630?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1868920_F1_10895.jpg", "report": "FGFR1 gene amplification in breast cancer. (a) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) with (b) one or two copies of FGFR1 (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630). (c) Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (haematoxylin and eosin; original magnification × 200) harbouring (d) FGFR1 gene amplification (original magnification × 400; inset: × 630)."} {"question_id": 1999, "question": "Does HG exposure result in a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum in HAECs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2920267_F6_71127.jpg", "report": "Cellular ultrastructure following HG treatment. Transmission electron microscopy depicts the change in cellular ultrastructure following HG (30 mM) exposure (magnification × 6,000). It can be seen that normal HAECs present with few microfilaments and a rough endoplasmic reticulum (A). After exposure to HG, microfilamentation and a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm (B). These changes were attenuated by treatment with irbesartan (C). 1 bar = 4 μm."} {"question_id": 2000, "question": "Are normal HAECs depicted with numerous microfilaments before any treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2920267_F6_71127.jpg", "report": "Cellular ultrastructure following HG treatment. Transmission electron microscopy depicts the change in cellular ultrastructure following HG (30 mM) exposure (magnification × 6,000). It can be seen that normal HAECs present with few microfilaments and a rough endoplasmic reticulum (A). After exposure to HG, microfilamentation and a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm (B). These changes were attenuated by treatment with irbesartan (C). 1 bar = 4 μm."} {"question_id": 2001, "question": "Can the changes induced by HG exposure be mitigated by irbesartan treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2920267_F6_71127.jpg", "report": "Cellular ultrastructure following HG treatment. Transmission electron microscopy depicts the change in cellular ultrastructure following HG (30 mM) exposure (magnification × 6,000). It can be seen that normal HAECs present with few microfilaments and a rough endoplasmic reticulum (A). After exposure to HG, microfilamentation and a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm (B). These changes were attenuated by treatment with irbesartan (C). 1 bar = 4 μm."} {"question_id": 2002, "question": "Is the magnification used in the transmission electron microscopy images × 8,000?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2920267_F6_71127.jpg", "report": "Cellular ultrastructure following HG treatment. Transmission electron microscopy depicts the change in cellular ultrastructure following HG (30 mM) exposure (magnification × 6,000). It can be seen that normal HAECs present with few microfilaments and a rough endoplasmic reticulum (A). After exposure to HG, microfilamentation and a swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm (B). These changes were attenuated by treatment with irbesartan (C). 1 bar = 4 μm."} {"question_id": 2003, "question": "Is there evidence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the hepatic biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2601018_f1-co15-6-293_31251.jpg", "report": "Hepatic biopsy showing normal liver in lower quadrant, with neoplastic clusters (arrows) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 20x× magnification)."} {"question_id": 2004, "question": "Are the neoplastic clusters located in the upper quadrant of the liver?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2601018_f1-co15-6-293_31251.jpg", "report": "Hepatic biopsy showing normal liver in lower quadrant, with neoplastic clusters (arrows) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 20x× magnification)."} {"question_id": 2005, "question": "Are the neoplastic clusters in the hepatic biopsy highlighted using hematoxylin and eosin stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2601018_f1-co15-6-293_31251.jpg", "report": "Hepatic biopsy showing normal liver in lower quadrant, with neoplastic clusters (arrows) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 20x× magnification)."} {"question_id": 2006, "question": "Was the biopsy magnified to 40x for closer examination of the neoplastic clusters?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2601018_f1-co15-6-293_31251.jpg", "report": "Hepatic biopsy showing normal liver in lower quadrant, with neoplastic clusters (arrows) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 20x× magnification)."} {"question_id": 2007, "question": "Is there a disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization at the level of the A-band in the tumor-bearing mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2912868_F5_70302.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural characterization of sarcomeres in ultrathin cross-sections of TA from control (top) and tumor-bearing (bottom) mice observed by transmission EM. A disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization at the level of the A-band is observed upon tumor burden. Bar = 250 nm."} {"question_id": 2008, "question": "Are the sarcomeres in control mice observed to have a disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2912868_F5_70302.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural characterization of sarcomeres in ultrathin cross-sections of TA from control (top) and tumor-bearing (bottom) mice observed by transmission EM. A disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization at the level of the A-band is observed upon tumor burden. Bar = 250 nm."} {"question_id": 2009, "question": "Is the bar scale used in the ultrastructural characterization 250 nm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2912868_F5_70302.jpg", "report": "Ultrastructural characterization of sarcomeres in ultrathin cross-sections of TA from control (top) and tumor-bearing (bottom) mice observed by transmission EM. A disarrangement of the myofilament hexagonal organization at the level of the A-band is observed upon tumor burden. Bar = 250 nm."} {"question_id": 2011, "question": "Does the electron microscopic observation show abnormalities in the head-tail junction of testicular sperm in the OAZ-t null mutant?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2763286_pgen-1000712-g003_48199.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic observation of morphology for sperm maturation in testis and epididymis.The head-tail junction in testicular sperm of wild-type (A) and OAZ-t null mutant (B) is shown. The sperm tail in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis (C,D) was improperly arranged at the head tail junction. Arrows indicate the abnormal head-tail jounction. Bar = 1.0 µm (A–D)."} {"question_id": 2012, "question": "Are the abnormalities in the sperm head-tail junction observed in the wild-type testicular sperm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2763286_pgen-1000712-g003_48199.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic observation of morphology for sperm maturation in testis and epididymis.The head-tail junction in testicular sperm of wild-type (A) and OAZ-t null mutant (B) is shown. The sperm tail in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis (C,D) was improperly arranged at the head tail junction. Arrows indicate the abnormal head-tail jounction. Bar = 1.0 µm (A–D)."} {"question_id": 2013, "question": "Is the sperm tail improperly arranged at the head-tail junction in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2763286_pgen-1000712-g003_48199.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic observation of morphology for sperm maturation in testis and epididymis.The head-tail junction in testicular sperm of wild-type (A) and OAZ-t null mutant (B) is shown. The sperm tail in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis (C,D) was improperly arranged at the head tail junction. Arrows indicate the abnormal head-tail jounction. Bar = 1.0 µm (A–D)."} {"question_id": 2014, "question": "Are the abnormalities in the head-tail junction of the sperm observed under a light microscope?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2763286_pgen-1000712-g003_48199.jpg", "report": "Electron microscopic observation of morphology for sperm maturation in testis and epididymis.The head-tail junction in testicular sperm of wild-type (A) and OAZ-t null mutant (B) is shown. The sperm tail in the homozygous OAZ-t mutant epididymis (C,D) was improperly arranged at the head tail junction. Arrows indicate the abnormal head-tail jounction. Bar = 1.0 µm (A–D)."} {"question_id": 2015, "question": "Can clonal hAFS cell lines be derived from a fibroblastic type starter cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2973936_F1_78000.jpg", "report": "Derivation of clonal hAFS cell lines by the starter cell method. (A) and (B) A hAFS starter cell of fibroblastic type (arrow) was found early after a routine amniocentesis culture, (C) the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line at 48 h in the primary culture dish, (D) morphology of hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method at subculture passage 3."} {"question_id": 2016, "question": "Are hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method typically observed only after subculture passage 5?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2973936_F1_78000.jpg", "report": "Derivation of clonal hAFS cell lines by the starter cell method. (A) and (B) A hAFS starter cell of fibroblastic type (arrow) was found early after a routine amniocentesis culture, (C) the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line at 48 h in the primary culture dish, (D) morphology of hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method at subculture passage 3."} {"question_id": 2017, "question": "Is the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line observable at 48 hours in the primary culture dish?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2973936_F1_78000.jpg", "report": "Derivation of clonal hAFS cell lines by the starter cell method. (A) and (B) A hAFS starter cell of fibroblastic type (arrow) was found early after a routine amniocentesis culture, (C) the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line at 48 h in the primary culture dish, (D) morphology of hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method at subculture passage 3."} {"question_id": 2018, "question": "Are hAFS cells derived from amniocentesis culture typically of epithelial type?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2973936_F1_78000.jpg", "report": "Derivation of clonal hAFS cell lines by the starter cell method. (A) and (B) A hAFS starter cell of fibroblastic type (arrow) was found early after a routine amniocentesis culture, (C) the colony appearance of a clonal hAFS cell line at 48 h in the primary culture dish, (D) morphology of hAFS cells derived by the starter cell method at subculture passage 3."} {"question_id": 2019, "question": "Is PAS staining used to detect polysaccharides such as glycogen in tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952819_fig10_75611.jpg", "report": "PAS staining of 5 μm-thick left lobe lung sections from (a) C57Bl/6 filtered air-exposed, (b) C57Bl/6 OVA-exposed, (c) NOS1−/− OVA-exposed, and (d) NOS3−/− OVA-exposed mice. Images were taken at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 2020, "question": "Were the lung sections taken from more than one type of mouse strain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952819_fig10_75611.jpg", "report": "PAS staining of 5 μm-thick left lobe lung sections from (a) C57Bl/6 filtered air-exposed, (b) C57Bl/6 OVA-exposed, (c) NOS1−/− OVA-exposed, and (d) NOS3−/− OVA-exposed mice. Images were taken at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 2021, "question": "Were images of the lung sections taken at 100× magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2952819_fig10_75611.jpg", "report": "PAS staining of 5 μm-thick left lobe lung sections from (a) C57Bl/6 filtered air-exposed, (b) C57Bl/6 OVA-exposed, (c) NOS1−/− OVA-exposed, and (d) NOS3−/− OVA-exposed mice. Images were taken at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 2022, "question": "Did the study include NOS1−/− OVA-exposed mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2952819_fig10_75611.jpg", "report": "PAS staining of 5 μm-thick left lobe lung sections from (a) C57Bl/6 filtered air-exposed, (b) C57Bl/6 OVA-exposed, (c) NOS1−/− OVA-exposed, and (d) NOS3−/− OVA-exposed mice. Images were taken at 400× magnification."} {"question_id": 2023, "question": "Are the brownish yellow spots indicative of positive staining for DNMTs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080330_F6_92960.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for DNMTs in 125I seed implanted pancreatic cancer. Representative staining sections for DNMT1 (upper), DNMT3b (middle) and DNMT3a (lower) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The brownish yellow spots represent positive staining. Scale bars represent 500 μm."} {"question_id": 2024, "question": "Is DNMT3b staining located in the upper section of the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3080330_F6_92960.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for DNMTs in 125I seed implanted pancreatic cancer. Representative staining sections for DNMT1 (upper), DNMT3b (middle) and DNMT3a (lower) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The brownish yellow spots represent positive staining. Scale bars represent 500 μm."} {"question_id": 2025, "question": "Does the scale bar in the image represent 500 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3080330_F6_92960.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for DNMTs in 125I seed implanted pancreatic cancer. Representative staining sections for DNMT1 (upper), DNMT3b (middle) and DNMT3a (lower) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The brownish yellow spots represent positive staining. Scale bars represent 500 μm."} {"question_id": 2026, "question": "Is the staining for DNMT3a found in the middle section of the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3080330_F6_92960.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical staining for DNMTs in 125I seed implanted pancreatic cancer. Representative staining sections for DNMT1 (upper), DNMT3b (middle) and DNMT3a (lower) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The brownish yellow spots represent positive staining. Scale bars represent 500 μm."} {"question_id": 2027, "question": "Are scanning electron microphotographs used to observe the surface properties of proliposomes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3040871_F0001_87566.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron MicrophotographsScanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol (a), aceclofenac-loaded proliposomes was recorded at 60 X magnifications (b) and at 200 X magnification to characterize surface properties of the proliposomes (c)."} {"question_id": 2028, "question": "Do the images include scanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3040871_F0001_87566.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron MicrophotographsScanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol (a), aceclofenac-loaded proliposomes was recorded at 60 X magnifications (b) and at 200 X magnification to characterize surface properties of the proliposomes (c)."} {"question_id": 2029, "question": "Were the proliposomes photographed at magnifications lower than 60X?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040871_F0001_87566.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron MicrophotographsScanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol (a), aceclofenac-loaded proliposomes was recorded at 60 X magnifications (b) and at 200 X magnification to characterize surface properties of the proliposomes (c)."} {"question_id": 2030, "question": "Can scanning electron microphotographs be used to analyze the internal composition of proliposomes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3040871_F0001_87566.jpg", "report": "Scanning Electron MicrophotographsScanning electron microphotographs of plain mannitol (a), aceclofenac-loaded proliposomes was recorded at 60 X magnifications (b) and at 200 X magnification to characterize surface properties of the proliposomes (c)."} {"question_id": 2031, "question": "Do the ovoid pseudo-fungal structures have a cell wall in some instances? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895884_F0004_68057.jpg", "report": "Ovoid pseudo-fungal structures among a) acellular debris with b) some that appear to have a cell wall and c) others that appear unencapsulated. (Pap stain; original magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 2032, "question": "Are all the ovoid pseudo-fungal structures encapsulated? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895884_F0004_68057.jpg", "report": "Ovoid pseudo-fungal structures among a) acellular debris with b) some that appear to have a cell wall and c) others that appear unencapsulated. (Pap stain; original magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 2033, "question": "Is the magnification used for the observation of the ovoid pseudo-fungal structures ×600? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2895884_F0004_68057.jpg", "report": "Ovoid pseudo-fungal structures among a) acellular debris with b) some that appear to have a cell wall and c) others that appear unencapsulated. (Pap stain; original magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 2034, "question": "Is there any mention of cellular debris among the observed structures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2895884_F0004_68057.jpg", "report": "Ovoid pseudo-fungal structures among a) acellular debris with b) some that appear to have a cell wall and c) others that appear unencapsulated. (Pap stain; original magnification ×600)."} {"question_id": 2035, "question": "Was the tumour resected along with the eyeball?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1848005_F5_10317.jpg", "report": "Photograph showing resected tumour with eyeball exenteration."} {"question_id": 2036, "question": "Is the tumour located in the lung?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1848005_F5_10317.jpg", "report": "Photograph showing resected tumour with eyeball exenteration."} {"question_id": 2037, "question": "Does the resected specimen include the entire eye?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1848005_F5_10317.jpg", "report": "Photograph showing resected tumour with eyeball exenteration."} {"question_id": 2038, "question": "Was the tumour partially removed without involving the eyeball?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1848005_F5_10317.jpg", "report": "Photograph showing resected tumour with eyeball exenteration."} {"question_id": 2039, "question": "Is there intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47-year-old patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1112617_F1_2192.jpg", "report": "LMP1 immunostaining on tissue sections of NPC samples. A. Intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47 year old patient (score 12, 400X) B. Intense LMP1 expression in a limited area in an NPC biopsy from a 17 year old patient (score 7, 600X) C. Moderate and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 44 year patient (score 8, 400X) D. Absence of LMP1 expression in a lung carcinoma biopsy (score 0, 600 X)"} {"question_id": 2040, "question": "Does the 17-year-old patient’s NPC biopsy show moderate LMP1 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1112617_F1_2192.jpg", "report": "LMP1 immunostaining on tissue sections of NPC samples. A. Intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47 year old patient (score 12, 400X) B. Intense LMP1 expression in a limited area in an NPC biopsy from a 17 year old patient (score 7, 600X) C. Moderate and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 44 year patient (score 8, 400X) D. Absence of LMP1 expression in a lung carcinoma biopsy (score 0, 600 X)"} {"question_id": 2041, "question": "Is LMP1 expression absent in a lung carcinoma biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1112617_F1_2192.jpg", "report": "LMP1 immunostaining on tissue sections of NPC samples. A. Intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47 year old patient (score 12, 400X) B. Intense LMP1 expression in a limited area in an NPC biopsy from a 17 year old patient (score 7, 600X) C. Moderate and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 44 year patient (score 8, 400X) D. Absence of LMP1 expression in a lung carcinoma biopsy (score 0, 600 X)"} {"question_id": 2042, "question": "Does the 44-year-old patient’s NPC biopsy exhibit a score of 12 for LMP1 expression?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1112617_F1_2192.jpg", "report": "LMP1 immunostaining on tissue sections of NPC samples. A. Intense and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 47 year old patient (score 12, 400X) B. Intense LMP1 expression in a limited area in an NPC biopsy from a 17 year old patient (score 7, 600X) C. Moderate and diffuse LMP1 expression in an NPC biopsy from a 44 year patient (score 8, 400X) D. Absence of LMP1 expression in a lung carcinoma biopsy (score 0, 600 X)"} {"question_id": 2043, "question": "Is the photomicrograph in section [C] of a KO mammary carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2964634_F5_77028.jpg", "report": "Histopathology results. [A] Representative H&E section of WT mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. [B] Premalignant lesion (DCIS) in a KO mouse. [C] Photomicrograph of H&E section of KO mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. ** denotes invasion into muscle. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 2044, "question": "Does the H&E section in part [A] represent a premalignant lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2964634_F5_77028.jpg", "report": "Histopathology results. [A] Representative H&E section of WT mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. [B] Premalignant lesion (DCIS) in a KO mouse. [C] Photomicrograph of H&E section of KO mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. ** denotes invasion into muscle. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 2045, "question": "Is there an invasion into the muscle in the KO mammary carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2964634_F5_77028.jpg", "report": "Histopathology results. [A] Representative H&E section of WT mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. [B] Premalignant lesion (DCIS) in a KO mouse. [C] Photomicrograph of H&E section of KO mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. ** denotes invasion into muscle. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 2046, "question": "Is the premalignant lesion (DCIS) found in a WT mouse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2964634_F5_77028.jpg", "report": "Histopathology results. [A] Representative H&E section of WT mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. [B] Premalignant lesion (DCIS) in a KO mouse. [C] Photomicrograph of H&E section of KO mammary carcinoma, as reviewed by pathologist. ** denotes invasion into muscle. Magnification × 400."} {"question_id": 2048, "question": "Is fluorescence staining used for bright spot detection in the described images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2760782_pone-0007497-g002_47861.jpg", "report": "Contrast enhancement by standard deviation projection of bright field image stack.(A) Low contrast bright field image. (B) Fluorescence staining for whole cell and bright spot detection. (C) Standard deviation projection of stack of bright field images. (D) Inverse of the projection for another visualization of the projection result. In addition to increased contrast, the projection also suppresses background nonuniformities."} {"question_id": 2049, "question": "Does the standard deviation projection of bright field images increase the background nonuniformities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2760782_pone-0007497-g002_47861.jpg", "report": "Contrast enhancement by standard deviation projection of bright field image stack.(A) Low contrast bright field image. (B) Fluorescence staining for whole cell and bright spot detection. (C) Standard deviation projection of stack of bright field images. (D) Inverse of the projection for another visualization of the projection result. In addition to increased contrast, the projection also suppresses background nonuniformities."} {"question_id": 2050, "question": "Is the inverse of the projection used for another visualization of the projection result?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2760782_pone-0007497-g002_47861.jpg", "report": "Contrast enhancement by standard deviation projection of bright field image stack.(A) Low contrast bright field image. (B) Fluorescence staining for whole cell and bright spot detection. (C) Standard deviation projection of stack of bright field images. (D) Inverse of the projection for another visualization of the projection result. In addition to increased contrast, the projection also suppresses background nonuniformities."} {"question_id": 2051, "question": "Does hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining show muscle fiber abnormalities in AR-LGMD patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1769400_F2_8492.jpg", "report": "Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (panel A), dystrophin expression (panel B), and emerin detection (panel C)."} {"question_id": 2052, "question": "Is dystrophin expression typically absent in AR-LGMD muscle biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1769400_F2_8492.jpg", "report": "Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (panel A), dystrophin expression (panel B), and emerin detection (panel C)."} {"question_id": 2053, "question": "Can immunohistochemical staining be used to detect emerin in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1769400_F2_8492.jpg", "report": "Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (panel A), dystrophin expression (panel B), and emerin detection (panel C)."} {"question_id": 2054, "question": "Does AR-LGMD typically demonstrate normal emerin detection in muscle biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1769400_F2_8492.jpg", "report": "Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in muscle biopsies from AR-LGMD patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (panel A), dystrophin expression (panel B), and emerin detection (panel C)."} {"question_id": 2055, "question": "Is there detectable fluorescence within the nucleus after 24 hours of incubation with m-THPC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2364187_fig4_21696.jpg", "report": "Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines."} {"question_id": 2056, "question": "Does the nuclear membrane show distinct staining in both HCT116+ch3 and HCT116+ch2 cell lines?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364187_fig4_21696.jpg", "report": "Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines."} {"question_id": 2057, "question": "Were the cells incubated with a concentration of 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2364187_fig4_21696.jpg", "report": "Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines."} {"question_id": 2058, "question": "Is the incubation period for m-THPC less than 24 hours in this study?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2364187_fig4_21696.jpg", "report": "Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines."} {"question_id": 2059, "question": "Is the osteochondral loose body primarily composed of cartilaginous material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3051128_F0006_89447.jpg", "report": "Osteochondral loose body, consisting mainly of central cartilaginous material with focal endochondral ossification and covered with a layer of fibrotic synovial membrane. Attenuated synovial cells are present on the surface (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section, original magnification ×5 objective)"} {"question_id": 2060, "question": "Does the osteochondral loose body exhibit endochondral ossification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3051128_F0006_89447.jpg", "report": "Osteochondral loose body, consisting mainly of central cartilaginous material with focal endochondral ossification and covered with a layer of fibrotic synovial membrane. Attenuated synovial cells are present on the surface (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section, original magnification ×5 objective)"} {"question_id": 2061, "question": "Are the synovial cells on the surface of the loose body hyperplastic?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3051128_F0006_89447.jpg", "report": "Osteochondral loose body, consisting mainly of central cartilaginous material with focal endochondral ossification and covered with a layer of fibrotic synovial membrane. Attenuated synovial cells are present on the surface (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section, original magnification ×5 objective)"} {"question_id": 2062, "question": "Is the fibrotic synovial membrane absent in the osteochondral loose body?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3051128_F0006_89447.jpg", "report": "Osteochondral loose body, consisting mainly of central cartilaginous material with focal endochondral ossification and covered with a layer of fibrotic synovial membrane. Attenuated synovial cells are present on the surface (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section, original magnification ×5 objective)"} {"question_id": 2063, "question": "Is the colonic tissue in the biopsy acutely inflamed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3016508_F0003_83182.jpg", "report": "Histopathological features of colitis in common variable immunodeficiency. Colon biopsy showing (a) acutely inflamed colonic tissue and colonic mucosa with chronic colitis. (b) Chronic colonic crypt damage manifested as branching, tangential alignment and increased amount of chronic inflammatory cells and absence of plasma cells and giant granuloma"} {"question_id": 2065, "question": "Does the colon biopsy show chronic colonic crypt damage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3016508_F0003_83182.jpg", "report": "Histopathological features of colitis in common variable immunodeficiency. Colon biopsy showing (a) acutely inflamed colonic tissue and colonic mucosa with chronic colitis. (b) Chronic colonic crypt damage manifested as branching, tangential alignment and increased amount of chronic inflammatory cells and absence of plasma cells and giant granuloma"} {"question_id": 2066, "question": "Are giant granulomas present in the chronic colitis described?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3016508_F0003_83182.jpg", "report": "Histopathological features of colitis in common variable immunodeficiency. Colon biopsy showing (a) acutely inflamed colonic tissue and colonic mucosa with chronic colitis. (b) Chronic colonic crypt damage manifested as branching, tangential alignment and increased amount of chronic inflammatory cells and absence of plasma cells and giant granuloma"} {"question_id": 2067, "question": "Are the tumor cells in the chest pathology image monomorphic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2954839_F5_75903.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination. Monomorphic tumor cells arranged around thin-walled vessels (Hematoxilin and Eosin, magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 2068, "question": "Are the tumor cells arranged around thick-walled vessels?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2954839_F5_75903.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination. Monomorphic tumor cells arranged around thin-walled vessels (Hematoxilin and Eosin, magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 2069, "question": "Is Hematoxylin and Eosin staining used in the examination of the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2954839_F5_75903.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination. Monomorphic tumor cells arranged around thin-walled vessels (Hematoxilin and Eosin, magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 2070, "question": "Is the magnification used for the examination more than × 200?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2954839_F5_75903.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination. Monomorphic tumor cells arranged around thin-walled vessels (Hematoxilin and Eosin, magnification × 200)."} {"question_id": 2071, "question": "Is the staining of Fut8 located in the Golgi apparatus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2906155_fig2_69160.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. "} {"question_id": 2072, "question": "Is the staining of GnT-V restricted to the nucleus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2906155_fig2_69160.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. "} {"question_id": 2073, "question": "Does GPC3 exhibit a homogeneous staining pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2906155_fig2_69160.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. "} {"question_id": 2074, "question": "Is the staining pattern of GPC3 consistent with a membrane localization?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2906155_fig2_69160.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. "} {"question_id": 2075, "question": "Is the entire amino acid sequence of WAH-1 modeled?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714591_F3_42056.jpg", "report": "3D structure models of proteins. Models for proteins WAH-1 (modeled amino acids 238–700 of 700), CPS-6 (modeled amino acids 57–305 of 308), and endoG (modeled amino acids 65–296 of 297) were calculated using Phyre server. Model of HSP70-1 (modeled amino acids 1–554 of 641) was calculated by server M4T. Structures were visualized using UCSF Chimera software."} {"question_id": 2076, "question": "Were the structures of CPS-6 and endoG visualized using UCSF Chimera software?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2714591_F3_42056.jpg", "report": "3D structure models of proteins. Models for proteins WAH-1 (modeled amino acids 238–700 of 700), CPS-6 (modeled amino acids 57–305 of 308), and endoG (modeled amino acids 65–296 of 297) were calculated using Phyre server. Model of HSP70-1 (modeled amino acids 1–554 of 641) was calculated by server M4T. Structures were visualized using UCSF Chimera software."} {"question_id": 2077, "question": "Do the models of CPS-6 and endoG include all amino acids of their respective sequences?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714591_F3_42056.jpg", "report": "3D structure models of proteins. Models for proteins WAH-1 (modeled amino acids 238–700 of 700), CPS-6 (modeled amino acids 57–305 of 308), and endoG (modeled amino acids 65–296 of 297) were calculated using Phyre server. Model of HSP70-1 (modeled amino acids 1–554 of 641) was calculated by server M4T. Structures were visualized using UCSF Chimera software."} {"question_id": 2078, "question": "Was the model for HSP70-1 calculated using the Phyre server?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2714591_F3_42056.jpg", "report": "3D structure models of proteins. Models for proteins WAH-1 (modeled amino acids 238–700 of 700), CPS-6 (modeled amino acids 57–305 of 308), and endoG (modeled amino acids 65–296 of 297) were calculated using Phyre server. Model of HSP70-1 (modeled amino acids 1–554 of 641) was calculated by server M4T. Structures were visualized using UCSF Chimera software."} {"question_id": 2079, "question": "Does the brown color of the tumor after 10 days of treatment indicate areas of resorbed hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2667491_F3_37113.jpg", "report": "Orthotopic NB tumors at autopsy after treatment with CHS 828 or vehicle. Orthotopic tumors at autopsy treated with vehicle or CHS 828 (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 or 30 days. Note the brown color of the tumor after 10 days of treatment, indicating areas of resorbed hemorrhage. T = tumor, RK = right kidney, LK = left kidney; arrows indicate the normal right adrenal gland."} {"question_id": 2080, "question": "Are orthotopic NB tumors found in the right and left kidneys?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2667491_F3_37113.jpg", "report": "Orthotopic NB tumors at autopsy after treatment with CHS 828 or vehicle. Orthotopic tumors at autopsy treated with vehicle or CHS 828 (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 or 30 days. Note the brown color of the tumor after 10 days of treatment, indicating areas of resorbed hemorrhage. T = tumor, RK = right kidney, LK = left kidney; arrows indicate the normal right adrenal gland."} {"question_id": 2081, "question": "Were the orthotopic tumors treated with CHS 828 observable at autopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2667491_F3_37113.jpg", "report": "Orthotopic NB tumors at autopsy after treatment with CHS 828 or vehicle. Orthotopic tumors at autopsy treated with vehicle or CHS 828 (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 or 30 days. Note the brown color of the tumor after 10 days of treatment, indicating areas of resorbed hemorrhage. T = tumor, RK = right kidney, LK = left kidney; arrows indicate the normal right adrenal gland."} {"question_id": 2083, "question": "Is GFAP positivity observed in the perivascular layers 1 and 2?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells."} {"question_id": 2084, "question": "Are Syn positive cells observed in layers 4 and 5?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells."} {"question_id": 2085, "question": "Do the cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP and Syn positive cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells."} {"question_id": 2086, "question": "Is there a low percentage of GFAP positive cells in the perimantle zone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells."} {"question_id": 2087, "question": "Do Syn positive cells in layer 4 and 5 show dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2997767_F3_80526.jpg", "report": "Tumor vascular complexes showing [a] GFAP positivity in the perivascular layers 1&2 [mAbGFAPX400]; [b] NFP positivity in layers 4 & 5 [mAbNFPX400]; and [c] Syn positivity in layer 5 [mAbSynX100]. The cells in the perimantle zone show a high percentage of NFP & Syn +ve cells and a low percentage of GFAP +ve cells. [d] Syn positive cells in L4&L5 [mAbSynX1000] showing dendritic processes resembling primitive neurons. Camera Lucida CL diagrams are shown to highlight the positive cells."} {"question_id": 2088, "question": "Does the expression of NCOA7 protein require induction with IPTG?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847813_F3_10298.jpg", "report": "Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein."} {"question_id": 2089, "question": "Are the truncated forms of NCOA7 protein indicated by arrows in the figure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847813_F3_10298.jpg", "report": "Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein."} {"question_id": 2090, "question": "Is the stability of NCOA7 proteins assessed only in the stationary phase of cell growth?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC1847813_F3_10298.jpg", "report": "Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein."} {"question_id": 2091, "question": "Are uninduced cells used as a control in the experiment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC1847813_F3_10298.jpg", "report": "Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein."} {"question_id": 2092, "question": "Does the testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt show normal morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2821930_pone-0009242-g005_56753.jpg", "report": "Meiosis in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells.(A) Section of a testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt showing normal morphology, (B) diakinesis/metaphase I from a male Mcph1gt/gt reveals normal pairing of the autosomal bivalents and the sex chromosomes (XY), (C) normal metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt. For comparison a diakinesis/metaphase I (D) and a metaphase II cell (E) from a male wt/wt mouse are presented."} {"question_id": 2093, "question": "Are the sex chromosomes (XY) normally paired during diakinesis/metaphase I in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2821930_pone-0009242-g005_56753.jpg", "report": "Meiosis in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells.(A) Section of a testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt showing normal morphology, (B) diakinesis/metaphase I from a male Mcph1gt/gt reveals normal pairing of the autosomal bivalents and the sex chromosomes (XY), (C) normal metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt. For comparison a diakinesis/metaphase I (D) and a metaphase II cell (E) from a male wt/wt mouse are presented."} {"question_id": 2094, "question": "Is there any abnormality observed in the metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2821930_pone-0009242-g005_56753.jpg", "report": "Meiosis in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells.(A) Section of a testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt showing normal morphology, (B) diakinesis/metaphase I from a male Mcph1gt/gt reveals normal pairing of the autosomal bivalents and the sex chromosomes (XY), (C) normal metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt. For comparison a diakinesis/metaphase I (D) and a metaphase II cell (E) from a male wt/wt mouse are presented."} {"question_id": 2095, "question": "Are the findings in the male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells different from those in the male wt/wt mouse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2821930_pone-0009242-g005_56753.jpg", "report": "Meiosis in male Mcph1gt/gt germ cells.(A) Section of a testes biopsy from a male Mcph1gt/gt showing normal morphology, (B) diakinesis/metaphase I from a male Mcph1gt/gt reveals normal pairing of the autosomal bivalents and the sex chromosomes (XY), (C) normal metaphase II cell from a male Mcph1gt/gt. For comparison a diakinesis/metaphase I (D) and a metaphase II cell (E) from a male wt/wt mouse are presented."} {"question_id": 2096, "question": "Is Paracoccidioides brasiliensis known to produce conidia in soil extract agar?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2180180_F3_15915.jpg", "report": "Conidia production of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Soil Extract Agar, exhibiting the conidia production of the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in soil extract agar (SEA) and prepared through adhesive tape technique (magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 2097, "question": "Are the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in blood agar?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2180180_F3_15915.jpg", "report": "Conidia production of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Soil Extract Agar, exhibiting the conidia production of the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in soil extract agar (SEA) and prepared through adhesive tape technique (magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 2098, "question": "Was the adhesive tape technique used to prepare the samples for observation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2180180_F3_15915.jpg", "report": "Conidia production of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Soil Extract Agar, exhibiting the conidia production of the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in soil extract agar (SEA) and prepared through adhesive tape technique (magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 2099, "question": "Was the magnification used for observing the conidia production less than ×500?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2180180_F3_15915.jpg", "report": "Conidia production of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Soil Extract Agar, exhibiting the conidia production of the isolates D01 and T9B1 cultured in soil extract agar (SEA) and prepared through adhesive tape technique (magnification ×1000)."} {"question_id": 2100, "question": "Do hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal exhibit electron-dense mitochondria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2838809_F8_59181.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs illustrating liver cells from control (A and D) fasten (B and D) and fed restricted (C and E) rats. Notice that hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal (F) exhibit electron-dense mitochondria (m) surrounded by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). N = cell nucleus, gl = glycogen, asterisks = lipid droplets, arrows = bile canaliculi. Lead-uranium staining. Scale bars = 2 μm in A-C; 0.2 μm in D-E. Representative images of 6 independent experimental observations."} {"question_id": 2101, "question": "Are bile canaliculi visible in the electron micrographs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2838809_F8_59181.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs illustrating liver cells from control (A and D) fasten (B and D) and fed restricted (C and E) rats. Notice that hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal (F) exhibit electron-dense mitochondria (m) surrounded by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). N = cell nucleus, gl = glycogen, asterisks = lipid droplets, arrows = bile canaliculi. Lead-uranium staining. Scale bars = 2 μm in A-C; 0.2 μm in D-E. Representative images of 6 independent experimental observations."} {"question_id": 2102, "question": "Is glycogen labeled with an asterisk in the images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2838809_F8_59181.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs illustrating liver cells from control (A and D) fasten (B and D) and fed restricted (C and E) rats. Notice that hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal (F) exhibit electron-dense mitochondria (m) surrounded by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). N = cell nucleus, gl = glycogen, asterisks = lipid droplets, arrows = bile canaliculi. Lead-uranium staining. Scale bars = 2 μm in A-C; 0.2 μm in D-E. Representative images of 6 independent experimental observations."} {"question_id": 2103, "question": "Are the scale bars for images A-C 2 μm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2838809_F8_59181.jpg", "report": "Electron micrographs illustrating liver cells from control (A and D) fasten (B and D) and fed restricted (C and E) rats. Notice that hepatocytes from the fed restricted animal (F) exhibit electron-dense mitochondria (m) surrounded by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). N = cell nucleus, gl = glycogen, asterisks = lipid droplets, arrows = bile canaliculi. Lead-uranium staining. Scale bars = 2 μm in A-C; 0.2 μm in D-E. Representative images of 6 independent experimental observations."} {"question_id": 2104, "question": "Are Lactobacilli (LB) Gram-positive bacteria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797518_F2_53321.jpg", "report": "Comparison of some microscopic observations. LB = Lactobacilli; BG-: Gram-negative bacilli; DC+: Gram-positive diplococci; Y: yeast cell; VS: Vaginal Swab; CS: Cervical swab."} {"question_id": 2105, "question": "Can Gram-negative bacilli (BG-) be observed in a vaginal swab (VS)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797518_F2_53321.jpg", "report": "Comparison of some microscopic observations. LB = Lactobacilli; BG-: Gram-negative bacilli; DC+: Gram-positive diplococci; Y: yeast cell; VS: Vaginal Swab; CS: Cervical swab."} {"question_id": 2106, "question": "Are yeast cells (Y) Gram-positive diplococci (DC+)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2797518_F2_53321.jpg", "report": "Comparison of some microscopic observations. LB = Lactobacilli; BG-: Gram-negative bacilli; DC+: Gram-positive diplococci; Y: yeast cell; VS: Vaginal Swab; CS: Cervical swab."} {"question_id": 2107, "question": "Is it possible to find Gram-positive diplococci (DC+) in a cervical swab (CS)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2797518_F2_53321.jpg", "report": "Comparison of some microscopic observations. LB = Lactobacilli; BG-: Gram-negative bacilli; DC+: Gram-positive diplococci; Y: yeast cell; VS: Vaginal Swab; CS: Cervical swab."} {"question_id": 2109, "question": "Is the scale used in the photograph measured in millimeters?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2709657_F3_41516.jpg", "report": "Extreme size dimorphism between a) large diploid and small haploid eggs and b) the resulting triploid and diploid tadpoles from female F11. Scale in cm. (The tadpoles were only temporarily in the petri dish for photographing). Photos: Lars Iversen."} {"question_id": 2110, "question": "Were the tadpoles temporarily placed in the petri dish for photographing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2709657_F3_41516.jpg", "report": "Extreme size dimorphism between a) large diploid and small haploid eggs and b) the resulting triploid and diploid tadpoles from female F11. Scale in cm. (The tadpoles were only temporarily in the petri dish for photographing). Photos: Lars Iversen."} {"question_id": 2112, "question": "Are the images A and B of normal lenses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779145_f2_51187.jpg", "report": "Rat lenses in various groups. A and B are normal lenses, C and D are selenite induced lenses, and E and F are selenite + Drevogenin D induced lenses. The magnifications of A, C, and E were 40X and the magnification of B, D, and F was 200X."} {"question_id": 2113, "question": "Were the selenite induced lenses observed under 200X magnification in images C and D?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779145_f2_51187.jpg", "report": "Rat lenses in various groups. A and B are normal lenses, C and D are selenite induced lenses, and E and F are selenite + Drevogenin D induced lenses. The magnifications of A, C, and E were 40X and the magnification of B, D, and F was 200X."} {"question_id": 2114, "question": "Did the study include lenses treated with both selenite and Drevogenin D?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2779145_f2_51187.jpg", "report": "Rat lenses in various groups. A and B are normal lenses, C and D are selenite induced lenses, and E and F are selenite + Drevogenin D induced lenses. The magnifications of A, C, and E were 40X and the magnification of B, D, and F was 200X."} {"question_id": 2115, "question": "Were the magnifications for images E and F the same?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2779145_f2_51187.jpg", "report": "Rat lenses in various groups. A and B are normal lenses, C and D are selenite induced lenses, and E and F are selenite + Drevogenin D induced lenses. The magnifications of A, C, and E were 40X and the magnification of B, D, and F was 200X."} {"question_id": 2116, "question": "Are cartilage lesions indicated by arrowheads in the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2374454_F2_22008.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial."} {"question_id": 2117, "question": "Is India ink used to stain femoral and tibial articular cartilage? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2374454_F2_22008.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial."} {"question_id": 2118, "question": "Are the terms \"Lat\" and \"Med\" used to denote lateral and medial positions, respectively, in the image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2374454_F2_22008.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial."} {"question_id": 2119, "question": "Does the macroscopic observation pertain to the chest rather than the femoral and tibial regions? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2374454_F2_22008.jpg", "report": "Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial."} {"question_id": 2120, "question": "Does the nasal biopsy show mucosal ulceration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2804726_F2_54626.jpg", "report": "(A) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (× 10) of nasal biopsy showing mucosal ulceration (B) H&E (× 40) showing extensive inflammatory reaction in the corium, with hyperplastic rete processes, and giant cells."} {"question_id": 2121, "question": "Is there an absence of inflammatory reaction in the corium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2804726_F2_54626.jpg", "report": "(A) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (× 10) of nasal biopsy showing mucosal ulceration (B) H&E (× 40) showing extensive inflammatory reaction in the corium, with hyperplastic rete processes, and giant cells."} {"question_id": 2122, "question": "Are hyperplastic rete processes observed in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2804726_F2_54626.jpg", "report": "(A) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (× 10) of nasal biopsy showing mucosal ulceration (B) H&E (× 40) showing extensive inflammatory reaction in the corium, with hyperplastic rete processes, and giant cells."} {"question_id": 2123, "question": "Are giant cells absent in the inflammatory reaction?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2804726_F2_54626.jpg", "report": "(A) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (× 10) of nasal biopsy showing mucosal ulceration (B) H&E (× 40) showing extensive inflammatory reaction in the corium, with hyperplastic rete processes, and giant cells."} {"question_id": 2124, "question": "Is there an increased signal corresponding to [3H]-PK11195 binding in the hippocampal region of ob/ob mice?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3044656_F2_88067.jpg", "report": "[3H]-PK11195 (a,b) and [3H]-paroxetine (c,d) autoradiography in coronal hypothalamic-hippocampal sections of WT and ob/ob brain. The increased signal corresponding to [3H]-PK11195 binding in sections of ob/ob mice is indicated by arrows (hippocampal region and choroids plexus-third ventricle). cc: cerebral cortex; hi: hippocampal region; hy: hypothalamus; th: thalamus."} {"question_id": 2126, "question": "Are the arrows in the autoradiography indicating the choroid plexus-third ventricle region?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC3044656_F2_88067.jpg", "report": "[3H]-PK11195 (a,b) and [3H]-paroxetine (c,d) autoradiography in coronal hypothalamic-hippocampal sections of WT and ob/ob brain. The increased signal corresponding to [3H]-PK11195 binding in sections of ob/ob mice is indicated by arrows (hippocampal region and choroids plexus-third ventricle). cc: cerebral cortex; hi: hippocampal region; hy: hypothalamus; th: thalamus."} {"question_id": 2127, "question": "Is the thalamus one of the regions where increased [3H]-PK11195 binding is indicated in ob/ob mice?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC3044656_F2_88067.jpg", "report": "[3H]-PK11195 (a,b) and [3H]-paroxetine (c,d) autoradiography in coronal hypothalamic-hippocampal sections of WT and ob/ob brain. The increased signal corresponding to [3H]-PK11195 binding in sections of ob/ob mice is indicated by arrows (hippocampal region and choroids plexus-third ventricle). cc: cerebral cortex; hi: hippocampal region; hy: hypothalamus; th: thalamus."} {"question_id": 2128, "question": "Is p-mTOR a marker used in the immunohistochemical staining of SCLC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938245_fig1_73387.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of EGFR and mTOR pathways in SCLC. Immunohistochemical staining of SCLC for (A) p-mTOR, (B) p-p70s6K (strongly stained mitoses are marked by arrows), (C) p-AKT, (D) p-ERK and (E) EGFR (all magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 2129, "question": "Are p-p70s6K stained mitoses marked by arrows in the immunohistochemical staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2938245_fig1_73387.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of EGFR and mTOR pathways in SCLC. Immunohistochemical staining of SCLC for (A) p-mTOR, (B) p-p70s6K (strongly stained mitoses are marked by arrows), (C) p-AKT, (D) p-ERK and (E) EGFR (all magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 2130, "question": "Is p-AKT not included in the immunohistochemical staining of SCLC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2938245_fig1_73387.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of EGFR and mTOR pathways in SCLC. Immunohistochemical staining of SCLC for (A) p-mTOR, (B) p-p70s6K (strongly stained mitoses are marked by arrows), (C) p-AKT, (D) p-ERK and (E) EGFR (all magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 2131, "question": "Are the immunohistochemical stains for SCLC magnified at ×100?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2938245_fig1_73387.jpg", "report": "Immunostaining of EGFR and mTOR pathways in SCLC. Immunohistochemical staining of SCLC for (A) p-mTOR, (B) p-p70s6K (strongly stained mitoses are marked by arrows), (C) p-AKT, (D) p-ERK and (E) EGFR (all magnification × 400)."} {"question_id": 2132, "question": "Are Thy1.1 and BDNF immunoreactivity observed in differentiated RGC-5 cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2629709_f6_33040.jpg", "report": "Thy1.1 and BDNF immunocytochemistry in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thy1.1 (A) and BDNF (C) immunoreactivity are present in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Higher magnification showed that Thy1.1 (B) and BDNF (D)-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites (arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 µm (B and D)."} {"question_id": 2133, "question": "Do Thy1.1-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2629709_f6_33040.jpg", "report": "Thy1.1 and BDNF immunocytochemistry in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thy1.1 (A) and BDNF (C) immunoreactivity are present in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Higher magnification showed that Thy1.1 (B) and BDNF (D)-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites (arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 µm (B and D)."} {"question_id": 2134, "question": "Is the size bar in the provided images less than 20 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2629709_f6_33040.jpg", "report": "Thy1.1 and BDNF immunocytochemistry in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thy1.1 (A) and BDNF (C) immunoreactivity are present in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Higher magnification showed that Thy1.1 (B) and BDNF (D)-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites (arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 µm (B and D)."} {"question_id": 2135, "question": "Are the images indicating that BDNF-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2629709_f6_33040.jpg", "report": "Thy1.1 and BDNF immunocytochemistry in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thy1.1 (A) and BDNF (C) immunoreactivity are present in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Higher magnification showed that Thy1.1 (B) and BDNF (D)-positive RGC-5 cells extend neurites (arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 µm (B and D)."} {"question_id": 2136, "question": "Does the lamina propria contain neutrophils in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2933633_F3_72755.jpg", "report": "Biopsy of colonic mucosa adjacent to the ulcer; immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, -CD4, and -CD8. The colic mucosa is regenerative, with less mucus in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The lamina propria contains some neutrophils, which infiltrate the epithelial cells (arrow), without an increase of mononuclear cells. In this inflamed mucosa, fewer CD4+ cells (arrow) than CD8+ T cells (arrow) are found."} {"question_id": 2137, "question": "Are there more CD4+ cells than CD8+ T cells in this inflamed mucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2933633_F3_72755.jpg", "report": "Biopsy of colonic mucosa adjacent to the ulcer; immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, -CD4, and -CD8. The colic mucosa is regenerative, with less mucus in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The lamina propria contains some neutrophils, which infiltrate the epithelial cells (arrow), without an increase of mononuclear cells. In this inflamed mucosa, fewer CD4+ cells (arrow) than CD8+ T cells (arrow) are found."} {"question_id": 2138, "question": "Is there an increase in mononuclear cells in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2933633_F3_72755.jpg", "report": "Biopsy of colonic mucosa adjacent to the ulcer; immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, -CD4, and -CD8. The colic mucosa is regenerative, with less mucus in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The lamina propria contains some neutrophils, which infiltrate the epithelial cells (arrow), without an increase of mononuclear cells. In this inflamed mucosa, fewer CD4+ cells (arrow) than CD8+ T cells (arrow) are found."} {"question_id": 2139, "question": "Is the colic mucosa regenerative with less mucus in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2933633_F3_72755.jpg", "report": "Biopsy of colonic mucosa adjacent to the ulcer; immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, -CD4, and -CD8. The colic mucosa is regenerative, with less mucus in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The lamina propria contains some neutrophils, which infiltrate the epithelial cells (arrow), without an increase of mononuclear cells. In this inflamed mucosa, fewer CD4+ cells (arrow) than CD8+ T cells (arrow) are found."} {"question_id": 2140, "question": "Did Ferret 21-pre show signs of illness or lesions 20 days post-infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2765826_ppat-1000642-g003_48428.jpg", "report": "Gross pathology of the lung post-mortem in ferrets treated with m102.4 prior to NiV challenge.(A) Ferret 21-pre; 20 days post infection (dpi): no signs of illness, disease or lesions: healthy ferret lungs. (B) Ferret 23-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (C) Ferret 24-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (D) NiV-infected control ferret; 8 dpi: typical disease onset, extensive pinpoint lesions."} {"question_id": 2141, "question": "Did Ferret 23-pre exhibit delayed disease onset with scattered small pinpoint lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2765826_ppat-1000642-g003_48428.jpg", "report": "Gross pathology of the lung post-mortem in ferrets treated with m102.4 prior to NiV challenge.(A) Ferret 21-pre; 20 days post infection (dpi): no signs of illness, disease or lesions: healthy ferret lungs. (B) Ferret 23-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (C) Ferret 24-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (D) NiV-infected control ferret; 8 dpi: typical disease onset, extensive pinpoint lesions."} {"question_id": 2142, "question": "Were the lungs of Ferret 24-pre observed to be healthy 13 days post-infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2765826_ppat-1000642-g003_48428.jpg", "report": "Gross pathology of the lung post-mortem in ferrets treated with m102.4 prior to NiV challenge.(A) Ferret 21-pre; 20 days post infection (dpi): no signs of illness, disease or lesions: healthy ferret lungs. (B) Ferret 23-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (C) Ferret 24-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (D) NiV-infected control ferret; 8 dpi: typical disease onset, extensive pinpoint lesions."} {"question_id": 2143, "question": "Did the NiV-infected control ferret show typical disease onset with extensive pinpoint lesions 8 days post-infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2765826_ppat-1000642-g003_48428.jpg", "report": "Gross pathology of the lung post-mortem in ferrets treated with m102.4 prior to NiV challenge.(A) Ferret 21-pre; 20 days post infection (dpi): no signs of illness, disease or lesions: healthy ferret lungs. (B) Ferret 23-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (C) Ferret 24-pre; 13 dpi: delayed disease onset, scattered small pinpoint lesions. (D) NiV-infected control ferret; 8 dpi: typical disease onset, extensive pinpoint lesions."} {"question_id": 2144, "question": "Are podocytes missing in the glomerulum as observed in the ultrastructure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2738668_F1_44929.jpg", "report": "Light-microscopy of a representative Glomerulum and the tubulus-interstitium (A, B) and ultrastructure of a glomerulum with missing podocytes and thin basements without deposits (C, D)."} {"question_id": 2145, "question": "Are there deposits present in the basement membrane of the glomerulum?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2738668_F1_44929.jpg", "report": "Light-microscopy of a representative Glomerulum and the tubulus-interstitium (A, B) and ultrastructure of a glomerulum with missing podocytes and thin basements without deposits (C, D)."} {"question_id": 2146, "question": "Can light-microscopy be used to observe changes in the tubulus-interstitium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2738668_F1_44929.jpg", "report": "Light-microscopy of a representative Glomerulum and the tubulus-interstitium (A, B) and ultrastructure of a glomerulum with missing podocytes and thin basements without deposits (C, D)."} {"question_id": 2147, "question": "Is the basement membrane described as being thick in the ultrastructure?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2738668_F1_44929.jpg", "report": "Light-microscopy of a representative Glomerulum and the tubulus-interstitium (A, B) and ultrastructure of a glomerulum with missing podocytes and thin basements without deposits (C, D)."} {"question_id": 2148, "question": "Does cytoplasmic targeting of the midzone influence cytokinetic progression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928297_pone-0012398-g002_72194.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic or chromosome arm targeting results in normal cytokinetic progression.Non-tip ablations and progression through cell division: A. Cytoplasmic targeting distal from the midzone (box). B. Chromosome arm ablation (arrow). C. Cytoplasmic midzone targeting (box). Time stamps indicated in each figure take 00:00:00 as immediately pre ablation and are formatted as hh:mm:ss. Scale bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 2149, "question": "Is chromosome arm ablation depicted with an arrow in the given image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2928297_pone-0012398-g002_72194.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic or chromosome arm targeting results in normal cytokinetic progression.Non-tip ablations and progression through cell division: A. Cytoplasmic targeting distal from the midzone (box). B. Chromosome arm ablation (arrow). C. Cytoplasmic midzone targeting (box). Time stamps indicated in each figure take 00:00:00 as immediately pre ablation and are formatted as hh:mm:ss. Scale bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 2150, "question": "Are the time stamps in the figures formatted as mm:ss:hh?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2928297_pone-0012398-g002_72194.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic or chromosome arm targeting results in normal cytokinetic progression.Non-tip ablations and progression through cell division: A. Cytoplasmic targeting distal from the midzone (box). B. Chromosome arm ablation (arrow). C. Cytoplasmic midzone targeting (box). Time stamps indicated in each figure take 00:00:00 as immediately pre ablation and are formatted as hh:mm:ss. Scale bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 2151, "question": "Does the scale bar in the images represent 10 µm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2928297_pone-0012398-g002_72194.jpg", "report": "Cytoplasmic or chromosome arm targeting results in normal cytokinetic progression.Non-tip ablations and progression through cell division: A. Cytoplasmic targeting distal from the midzone (box). B. Chromosome arm ablation (arrow). C. Cytoplasmic midzone targeting (box). Time stamps indicated in each figure take 00:00:00 as immediately pre ablation and are formatted as hh:mm:ss. Scale bar represents 5 µm."} {"question_id": 2152, "question": "Is H&E staining used to examine brain tissues and eyes in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PMC2824827_pone-0009318-g004_57392.jpg", "report": "Examination of brain tissues and eyes by H&E staining.Embryos at 48 hpf after control or nestin MO injection were sectioned at midbrain (A and B) and hindbrain (C and D) levels. Tissues were stained with H&E. Eyes at the midbrain level were visualized and shown in E and F. The scale bar is 50 µm."} {"question_id": 2153, "question": "Were the embryos sectioned at the forebrain level?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2824827_pone-0009318-g004_57392.jpg", "report": "Examination of brain tissues and eyes by H&E staining.Embryos at 48 hpf after control or nestin MO injection were sectioned at midbrain (A and B) and hindbrain (C and D) levels. Tissues were stained with H&E. Eyes at the midbrain level were visualized and shown in E and F. The scale bar is 50 µm."} {"question_id": 2155, "question": "Were the embryos stained with a method other than H&E?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PMC2824827_pone-0009318-g004_57392.jpg", "report": "Examination of brain tissues and eyes by H&E staining.Embryos at 48 hpf after control or nestin MO injection were sectioned at midbrain (A and B) and hindbrain (C and D) levels. Tissues were stained with H&E. Eyes at the midbrain level were visualized and shown in E and F. The scale bar is 50 µm."} ================================================ FILE: data/test/vqa/quilt-1m_test.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "question": "Can a whirling pattern be seen in perineurioma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 2, "question": "Is a whirling pattern an indicator of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 3, "question": "Can a whirling pattern also be observed in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 4, "question": "Is the presence of a whirling pattern exclusive to perineurioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 5, "question": "Is the loss of cellular polarity a criterion for dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2d6015c3-0d6c-43bc-80f4-d0bfce1b929d.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 6, "question": "Does the presence of nuclei reaching the surface suggest dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2d6015c3-0d6c-43bc-80f4-d0bfce1b929d.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 7, "question": "Is the presence of well-organized cell layers indicative of dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2d6015c3-0d6c-43bc-80f4-d0bfce1b929d.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 8, "question": "Can dysplasia be identified solely by the presence of cellular polarity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2d6015c3-0d6c-43bc-80f4-d0bfce1b929d.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 9, "question": "Is hyalinization in collagen typically observed around smaller blood vessels in certain tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fd8abd92-28c1-4588-b9b8-f76050c101f8.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 10, "question": "Does the unique collagen pattern indicate a benign nature of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fd8abd92-28c1-4588-b9b8-f76050c101f8.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 11, "question": "Can the presence of a unique collagen pattern assist in the differential diagnosis of a tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fd8abd92-28c1-4588-b9b8-f76050c101f8.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 12, "question": "Is the unique collagen pattern observed in the tumor unrelated to the presence of hyalinization?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fd8abd92-28c1-4588-b9b8-f76050c101f8.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 13, "question": "Is membranous lipodystrophy typically associated with the formation of fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 14, "question": "Are the microcysts in membranous lipodystrophy usually located centrally rather than peripherally?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 15, "question": "Can membranous lipodystrophy be identified through histological examination of fat tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 16, "question": "Is membranous lipodystrophy commonly diagnosed without the presence of fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Membranous lipodystrophy seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 17, "question": "Are the nests of melanocytes along the DEJ indicative of a benign process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d36fb884-e375-4e73-b4ad-f1028870d68d.jpg", "report": "Dome-shaped papule with nests of melanocytes along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 18, "question": "Does the presence of dome-shaped papules suggest a malignant condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d36fb884-e375-4e73-b4ad-f1028870d68d.jpg", "report": "Dome-shaped papule with nests of melanocytes along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 19, "question": "Can dome-shaped papules with nests of melanocytes be associated with melanocytic nevi?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d36fb884-e375-4e73-b4ad-f1028870d68d.jpg", "report": "Dome-shaped papule with nests of melanocytes along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 20, "question": "Are these melanocyte nests found in the subcutaneous layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d36fb884-e375-4e73-b4ad-f1028870d68d.jpg", "report": "Dome-shaped papule with nests of melanocytes along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 21, "question": "Are neuroendocrine cell aggregates observed in mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not seen in mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 22, "question": "Can apoptotic bodies be found in mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not seen in mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 23, "question": "Is the absence of neuroendocrine cell aggregates a characteristic of mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not seen in mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 24, "question": "Is the presence of neuroendocrine cell aggregates indicative of mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not seen in mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 25, "question": "Is Glut-1 typically negative in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 26, "question": "Are there instances of positive Glut-1 staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 27, "question": "Is Glut-1 usually positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 28, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often negative for Glut-1 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 29, "question": "Are nodules around joints associated with gout?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 30, "question": "Are nodules around joints often found in osteoarthritis (OA)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 31, "question": "Can rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lead to the formation of nodules around joints?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 32, "question": "Are nodules around joints never seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 33, "question": "Are hyperchromatic cells typically characterized by a dark appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Hyperchromatic cells have mainly heterochromatin and appear very dark."} {"question_id": 34, "question": "Do hyperchromatic cells primarily contain euchromatin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Hyperchromatic cells have mainly heterochromatin and appear very dark."} {"question_id": 35, "question": "Is the dark appearance of hyperchromatic cells due to the presence of heterochromatin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Hyperchromatic cells have mainly heterochromatin and appear very dark."} {"question_id": 36, "question": "Are hyperchromatic cells generally indicative of normal cellular function?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Hyperchromatic cells have mainly heterochromatin and appear very dark."} {"question_id": 37, "question": "Are the remnant cell walls of adipocytes observed at the periphery of the fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 38, "question": "Is the coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes a common feature in lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 39, "question": "Can fat microcysts be identified by the presence of adipocyte remnants?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 40, "question": "Are the fat microcysts located centrally rather than peripherally in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 41, "question": "Does the infiltrate in the biopsy extend into the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 42, "question": "Is the infiltrate confined only to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 43, "question": "Was a large punch biopsy performed in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 44, "question": "Does the biopsy report indicate that the infiltrate is limited to the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d9437f71-99a7-4b21-84d6-8af77c47cabf.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 45, "question": "Is it advisable to perform a superficial shave biopsy for diagnosing DFSP (Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9446bc04-9735-48c9-93ba-e37e9c7fca35.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 46, "question": "Should a deep incisional biopsy be considered when evaluating a soft tissue neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9446bc04-9735-48c9-93ba-e37e9c7fca35.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 47, "question": "Can a superficial shave biopsy provide adequate information for diagnosing DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9446bc04-9735-48c9-93ba-e37e9c7fca35.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 48, "question": "Is DFSP a type of soft tissue neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_9446bc04-9735-48c9-93ba-e37e9c7fca35.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 49, "question": "Is disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) a condition that can occur in older individuals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 50, "question": "Is disseminated GA always associated with a neoplastic process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 51, "question": "Can disseminated GA be a perineoplastic process in some cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 52, "question": "Is disseminated GA more commonly found in younger individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_95719a02-3a3f-4588-8a77-58a6dc65c44c.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 53, "question": "Is molluscum contagiosum caused by a bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_f62c58cd-e7eb-4ea7-b220-a3ed86537d46.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 54, "question": "Can molluscum contagiosum be transmitted through direct skin contact?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_f62c58cd-e7eb-4ea7-b220-a3ed86537d46.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 55, "question": "Are the lesions in molluscum contagiosum typically filled with pus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_f62c58cd-e7eb-4ea7-b220-a3ed86537d46.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 56, "question": "Is molluscum contagiosum characterized by dome-shaped, pearly lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_f62c58cd-e7eb-4ea7-b220-a3ed86537d46.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 57, "question": "Is there abnormal maturation of keratinocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 59, "question": "Are hyperchromatic cells found within the stratum corneum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 61, "question": "Can secondary tumors such as colorectal carcinoma destroy glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, can also destroy glands."} {"question_id": 62, "question": "Is urothelial carcinoma capable of destroying glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, can also destroy glands."} {"question_id": 63, "question": "Are secondary tumors limited to only destroying the glandular structures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, can also destroy glands."} {"question_id": 64, "question": "Do primary tumors also have the potential to destroy glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, can also destroy glands."} {"question_id": 65, "question": "Are smaller chorionic villi typically found towards the maternal site?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Smaller chorionic villi are visible towards the maternal site."} {"question_id": 66, "question": "Do smaller chorionic villi indicate a pathological condition in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Smaller chorionic villi are visible towards the maternal site."} {"question_id": 67, "question": "Can the presence of smaller chorionic villi be considered normal in some contexts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Smaller chorionic villi are visible towards the maternal site."} {"question_id": 68, "question": "Are larger chorionic villi expected to be found towards the maternal site instead of smaller ones?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Smaller chorionic villi are visible towards the maternal site."} {"question_id": 69, "question": "Are mitotic triggers present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_92f6b2f2-f755-4907-a53c-f332759a7245.jpg", "report": "No mitotic triggers found, no need for immunohistochemistry. HMB-45 and Ki-67 tests could be done but not necessary."} {"question_id": 70, "question": "Is it necessary to perform immunohistochemistry for this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_92f6b2f2-f755-4907-a53c-f332759a7245.jpg", "report": "No mitotic triggers found, no need for immunohistochemistry. HMB-45 and Ki-67 tests could be done but not necessary."} {"question_id": 71, "question": "Can HMB-45 tests be considered for further analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_92f6b2f2-f755-4907-a53c-f332759a7245.jpg", "report": "No mitotic triggers found, no need for immunohistochemistry. HMB-45 and Ki-67 tests could be done but not necessary."} {"question_id": 72, "question": "Is Ki-67 testing essential for this diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_92f6b2f2-f755-4907-a53c-f332759a7245.jpg", "report": "No mitotic triggers found, no need for immunohistochemistry. HMB-45 and Ki-67 tests could be done but not necessary."} {"question_id": 73, "question": "Is the dermal infiltrate in the chest pathology image primarily composed of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 74, "question": "Are lymphocytes the main type of cells present in the dermal infiltrate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 75, "question": "Does the presence of extravasated erythrocytes suggest a diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 76, "question": "Is the dermal infiltrate indicative of a bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 77, "question": "Is the lamina propria hyalinized in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is hyalinized with some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 78, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show intact architectural structure in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is hyalinized with some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 79, "question": "Is there some architectural distortion present in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is hyalinized with some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 80, "question": "Can hyalinization of the lamina propria be seen without architectural distortion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is hyalinized with some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 81, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation associated with the tuberculoid form of leprosy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 82, "question": "Does the tuberculoid form of leprosy typically cause necrotizing granulomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 83, "question": "Can the tuberculoid form of leprosy be mistaken for sarcoidosis due to granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 84, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation exclusive to the tuberculoid form of leprosy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 85, "question": "Is pleomorphism a common feature in this tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 86, "question": "Is mitotic activity frequently observed in this tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 87, "question": "Are pleomorphism and mitotic activity both uncommon in this tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 88, "question": "Can this tumor be characterized by high levels of cellular variability?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7a59655a-83cd-439d-b918-af37b1dcc063.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 89, "question": "Can neutrophils in the epithelium be an indicator of cryptitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 90, "question": "Is H. pylori infection unrelated to cryptitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 91, "question": "Are neutrophils absent in cryptitis caused by H. pylori infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 92, "question": "Does the presence of neutrophils in the epithelium suggest an inflammatory response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0c7f536b-7466-42d1-bbd7-da3aff325ad0.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 93, "question": "Are fibroblasts responsible for producing protein fibers in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_d514347b-6cdc-4749-bc63-ac10e3f50b47.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 94, "question": "Do fibrocytes play a major role in producing ground substance in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_d514347b-6cdc-4749-bc63-ac10e3f50b47.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 95, "question": "Are macrophages the primary cells that produce protein fibers in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_d514347b-6cdc-4749-bc63-ac10e3f50b47.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 96, "question": "Can fibroblasts be identified as the cell type responsible for producing ground substance in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_d514347b-6cdc-4749-bc63-ac10e3f50b47.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 97, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate associated with invasive cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate itself is not associated with these factors, but rather the invasive cancer next to it."} {"question_id": 98, "question": "Does intraductal carcinoma of the prostate occur in isolation without any invasive cancer nearby?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate itself is not associated with these factors, but rather the invasive cancer next to it."} {"question_id": 99, "question": "Can the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate indicate a more aggressive form of cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate itself is not associated with these factors, but rather the invasive cancer next to it."} {"question_id": 100, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate typically associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7da9a82d-4e58-4ad6-99ed-e452daa7ec40.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate itself is not associated with these factors, but rather the invasive cancer next to it."} {"question_id": 101, "question": "Is a superficial perivascular infiltrate located within the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 102, "question": "Does a superficial perivascular infiltrate indicate involvement of deeper layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 103, "question": "Can a superficial perivascular infiltrate be associated with inflammatory skin conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 104, "question": "Are immunohistochemical stains positive for PSA?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical stains will be positive for PSA and PSAP."} {"question_id": 105, "question": "Are immunohistochemical stains positive for CK7 in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical stains will be positive for PSA and PSAP."} {"question_id": 106, "question": "Would a positive PSA immunohistochemical stain suggest a diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical stains will be positive for PSA and PSAP."} {"question_id": 107, "question": "Is PSAP staining expected to be negative in this pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_482715a2-ddb7-4de9-b13d-4ac9747c562d.jpg", "report": "Immunohistochemical stains will be positive for PSA and PSAP."} {"question_id": 108, "question": "Do some tumors originate within a previously benign gland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 109, "question": "Are all tumors found in the chest pathology image malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 110, "question": "Can tumors develop de novo in a gland that was once benign?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 111, "question": "Is it uncommon for tumors to arise from previously benign glands?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "A small subset of these tumors actually occur de novo within a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 112, "question": "Is mucin completely absent in the chest pathology image described? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fdda247c-39b6-4e57-bef4-ca0954805df7.jpg", "report": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost."} {"question_id": 113, "question": "Has the process of stratification begun in the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fdda247c-39b6-4e57-bef4-ca0954805df7.jpg", "report": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost."} {"question_id": 114, "question": "Is there still some presence of mucin in the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fdda247c-39b6-4e57-bef4-ca0954805df7.jpg", "report": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost."} {"question_id": 115, "question": "Has mucin been completely retained in the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fdda247c-39b6-4e57-bef4-ca0954805df7.jpg", "report": "Stratification has started and mucin is less, but not lost."} {"question_id": 116, "question": "Are collagen balls a feature seen in this patient's pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 117, "question": "Are the collagen balls surrounded by cuboidal cells in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 118, "question": "Are spindle-shaped cells observed around the collagen balls in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 119, "question": "Is the presence of collagen balls indicative of a neoplastic process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7825d703-9cc5-4cb1-85b8-c798c8e0ebd0.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 120, "question": "Does the biopsy from the urethra show urethritis cystica et glandularis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_38153e72-4994-4318-a005-d3d7bb8e8c45.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 121, "question": "Are the dissecting pools of mucin indicative of malignancy in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_38153e72-4994-4318-a005-d3d7bb8e8c45.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 122, "question": "Is goblet cell formation visible in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_38153e72-4994-4318-a005-d3d7bb8e8c45.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 123, "question": "Does the presence of goblet cells alone confirm a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_38153e72-4994-4318-a005-d3d7bb8e8c45.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 124, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation typically associated with damaged nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 125, "question": "Does sarcoid granulomatous inflammation often involve only healthy nerves?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 126, "question": "Are granulomas in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation commonly found around damaged nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 127, "question": "Is the presence of granulomas around nerves a rare occurrence in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 129, "question": "Are the vascular channels uniformly sized in the observed pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of the placenta."} {"question_id": 130, "question": "Is the proliferation of vascular channels primarily located towards the maternal surface of the placenta?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels of variable size towards the fetal surface of the placenta."} {"question_id": 132, "question": "Are eosinophils present in the lamina propria on the right?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells."} {"question_id": 133, "question": "Are neutrophils predominantly observed in the lamina propria on the right?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells."} {"question_id": 134, "question": "Is the lamina propria on the right characterized by a high number of plasma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells."} {"question_id": 135, "question": "Does the lamina propria on the right show a sparse population of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria on the right is typically busier with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells."} {"question_id": 136, "question": "Can urothelial metaplasia occur within the chest cavity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Urothelial metaplasia can occur simultaneously with basal cell hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 137, "question": "Is basal cell hyperplasia a condition that can be seen in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Urothelial metaplasia can occur simultaneously with basal cell hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 138, "question": "Can urothelial metaplasia and basal cell hyperplasia occur simultaneously?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Urothelial metaplasia can occur simultaneously with basal cell hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 139, "question": "Is basal cell hyperplasia typically associated with malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Urothelial metaplasia can occur simultaneously with basal cell hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 140, "question": "Are sclerosing epithelial neoplasms easily diagnosed with routine stains?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "No stain has been found to be helpful in diagnosing sclerosing epithelial neoplasms."} {"question_id": 141, "question": "Do sclerosing epithelial neoplasms often require additional diagnostic techniques beyond staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "No stain has been found to be helpful in diagnosing sclerosing epithelial neoplasms."} {"question_id": 142, "question": "Can sclerosing epithelial neoplasms be identified using immunohistochemical stains?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "No stain has been found to be helpful in diagnosing sclerosing epithelial neoplasms."} {"question_id": 143, "question": "Is it challenging to diagnose sclerosing epithelial neoplasms based solely on histological appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "No stain has been found to be helpful in diagnosing sclerosing epithelial neoplasms."} {"question_id": 144, "question": "Are plasma cells present within the infiltrate in targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bd4e7bbb-54de-40c2-b167-ac9b83a64d34.jpg", "report": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections."} {"question_id": 145, "question": "Does a negative HHV8 stain rule out Kaposi's sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bd4e7bbb-54de-40c2-b167-ac9b83a64d34.jpg", "report": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections."} {"question_id": 146, "question": "Is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma commonly found on the trunk or extremities?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bd4e7bbb-54de-40c2-b167-ac9b83a64d34.jpg", "report": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections."} {"question_id": 147, "question": "Are lesions in targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma negative for CD34?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bd4e7bbb-54de-40c2-b167-ac9b83a64d34.jpg", "report": "Presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate can help distinguish between the condition and Kaposi's sarcoma. Negative HHV8 stain also rules out Kaposi's sarcoma. Diagnosis in this case is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which commonly appears on the trunk or extremities and is characterized by a central dark blue or purple papule surrounded by a zone of power and then an eccentric ring. Lesions stain frequently with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240, indicating lymphatic origin. The tumor is biphasic with dilated vascular channels and papillary projections."} {"question_id": 148, "question": "Is the epidermis affected in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen."} {"question_id": 149, "question": "Can the findings be consistent with a condition that does not involve the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen."} {"question_id": 150, "question": "Is there any evidence of epidermal disruption in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen."} {"question_id": 151, "question": "Does the lack of epidermal involvement rule out all forms of dermatitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "No involvement of the epidermis is seen."} {"question_id": 152, "question": "Is the epidermis slightly thickened in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 153, "question": "Does the cellular infiltrate appear primarily in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 154, "question": "Is there evidence of cellular infiltrate in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 155, "question": "Is the dermis free of any cellular infiltrate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 156, "question": "Are hemocyanin-laden histiocytes indicative of a fungal infection in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_84867427-b656-46b8-959a-78d245dc9193.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes and fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei."} {"question_id": 157, "question": "Are fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes commonly found in granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_84867427-b656-46b8-959a-78d245dc9193.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes and fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei."} {"question_id": 158, "question": "Do histiocytes and fibrocytes typically have oval and fusiform nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_84867427-b656-46b8-959a-78d245dc9193.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes and fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei."} {"question_id": 159, "question": "Is the presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes specific to tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_84867427-b656-46b8-959a-78d245dc9193.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemocyanin-laden histiocytes and fascicles of histiocytes and fibrocytes with oval and fusiform nuclei."} {"question_id": 160, "question": "Are melanin granules within melanophages more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 161, "question": "Do hemosiderin pigments in centroblasts exhibit uniformity in size and shape?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 162, "question": "Can melanin granules be found within melanophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 163, "question": "Are hemosiderin pigments typically uniform in appearance within melanophages?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a620e8c7-c69d-45dd-a59c-1c1cbe14f75f.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 164, "question": "Are the lesions stained with CD34 likely of lymphatic origin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin."} {"question_id": 165, "question": "Do lesions that are strongly positive for D240 suggest a vascular origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin."} {"question_id": 166, "question": "Is CD34 staining useful in identifying the origin of the lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin."} {"question_id": 167, "question": "Can lesions that are positive for D240 be of vascular origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Lesions that stain with CD34 and are strongly positive for D240 are probably of lymphatic origin rather than vascular origin."} {"question_id": 168, "question": "Is the predominant component in fibromyxoid tumors usually pink?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_effd7fd7-81c9-4878-a635-9a3264b82dde.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 169, "question": "Are fibromyxoid tumors characterized by a predominantly bluish myxoid component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_effd7fd7-81c9-4878-a635-9a3264b82dde.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 170, "question": "Can fibromyxoid tumors exhibit both fibrous and myxoid components?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_effd7fd7-81c9-4878-a635-9a3264b82dde.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 171, "question": "Are fibromyxoid tumors typically composed of only one type of cellular component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_effd7fd7-81c9-4878-a635-9a3264b82dde.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 172, "question": "Can pseudomembranes be caused by an ischemic injury in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 173, "question": "Are pseudomembranes exclusively caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 174, "question": "Is Clostridioides difficile colitis a potential cause of pseudomembranes in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 175, "question": "Do pseudomembranes only occur in the gastrointestinal tract?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 176, "question": "Is a trichofolliculoma typically associated with hair follicle abnormalities?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles adjacent to a central cyst."} {"question_id": 177, "question": "Does a trichofolliculoma generally contain miniaturized hair follicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles adjacent to a central cyst."} {"question_id": 178, "question": "Are the cysts in trichofolliculoma primarily found in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles adjacent to a central cyst."} {"question_id": 179, "question": "Is a trichofolliculoma a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with a cyst and miniaturized hair follicles adjacent to a central cyst."} {"question_id": 180, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cells indicative of a high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_b0cdca07-dc48-47e6-bb70-cb4ff9138176.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 181, "question": "Do high-grade malignancies typically have well-differentiated cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_b0cdca07-dc48-47e6-bb70-cb4ff9138176.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 182, "question": "Can poorly differentiated cells be found in low-grade malignancies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_b0cdca07-dc48-47e6-bb70-cb4ff9138176.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 183, "question": "Are high-grade malignancies often associated with a more aggressive disease course?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_b0cdca07-dc48-47e6-bb70-cb4ff9138176.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 184, "question": "Are there any abnormalities noted in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4d5b53cd-2d73-4e48-aac1-d4d00440aff0.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 185, "question": "Is there an absence of lymphocytes in the colonic tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4d5b53cd-2d73-4e48-aac1-d4d00440aff0.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 187, "question": "Is the amount of lamina propria consistent between the crypts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4d5b53cd-2d73-4e48-aac1-d4d00440aff0.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 188, "question": "Is the expansion of the lamina propria indicative of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1c682c2e-09fe-4fbd-91f0-03b0fe894763.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is expanded and there is a degree of inflammatory lamina propria, suggesting IBD in the differential diagnosis."} {"question_id": 189, "question": "Are the inflammatory changes observed in the lamina propria definitive for diagnosing IBD?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1c682c2e-09fe-4fbd-91f0-03b0fe894763.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is expanded and there is a degree of inflammatory lamina propria, suggesting IBD in the differential diagnosis."} {"question_id": 190, "question": "Can other conditions besides IBD cause expansion of the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1c682c2e-09fe-4fbd-91f0-03b0fe894763.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is expanded and there is a degree of inflammatory lamina propria, suggesting IBD in the differential diagnosis."} {"question_id": 191, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas mimic perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 192, "question": "Do low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas commonly express Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 193, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas typically high-grade tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 194, "question": "Do low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas exhibit a swirling growth pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 195, "question": "Is intramuscular myxoma a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 196, "question": "Does intramuscular myxoma typically exhibit fibrous and more cellular areas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 197, "question": "Can intramuscular myxoma be challenging to differentiate from other soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 198, "question": "Are intramuscular myxomas commonly associated with high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 199, "question": "Can perineurioma be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 200, "question": "Is immunohistochemistry helpful in distinguishing perineurioma from other soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 201, "question": "Are perineuriomas typically high-grade tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 202, "question": "Is perineurioma easily distinguishable from low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma on histological examination alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 203, "question": "Are sections taken from the entire lesion to ensure thorough examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "Sections will be taken from the entire lesion to ensure there are no zones that have become more cancerous or aggressive."} {"question_id": 204, "question": "Is it common practice to only take sections from the most visibly affected area of a lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "Sections will be taken from the entire lesion to ensure there are no zones that have become more cancerous or aggressive."} {"question_id": 205, "question": "Does taking sections from the entire lesion help in identifying zones that may have become more cancerous?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "Sections will be taken from the entire lesion to ensure there are no zones that have become more cancerous or aggressive."} {"question_id": 206, "question": "Is it unnecessary to take sections from different parts of the lesion for comprehensive analysis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "Sections will be taken from the entire lesion to ensure there are no zones that have become more cancerous or aggressive."} {"question_id": 207, "question": "Is the epidermis hyperplastic in the given chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_64d4d5f2-c090-4c46-9f31-a82730e67136.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is hyperplastic and papillary, with altered quantified layer and some compact ortho and parakeratosis."} {"question_id": 208, "question": "Is there evidence of parakeratosis present in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_64d4d5f2-c090-4c46-9f31-a82730e67136.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is hyperplastic and papillary, with altered quantified layer and some compact ortho and parakeratosis."} {"question_id": 210, "question": "Is the epidermis described as atrophic in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_64d4d5f2-c090-4c46-9f31-a82730e67136.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is hyperplastic and papillary, with altered quantified layer and some compact ortho and parakeratosis."} {"question_id": 211, "question": "Is there evidence of aspiration in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_8a47c2f7-b51c-4c9e-8adb-a5c2bfb78396.jpg", "report": "Evidence of aspiration is present, with food-like products found in a bronchial unit."} {"question_id": 212, "question": "Are food-like products found in the alveoli?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_8a47c2f7-b51c-4c9e-8adb-a5c2bfb78396.jpg", "report": "Evidence of aspiration is present, with food-like products found in a bronchial unit."} {"question_id": 213, "question": "Are food-like products found in a bronchial unit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_8a47c2f7-b51c-4c9e-8adb-a5c2bfb78396.jpg", "report": "Evidence of aspiration is present, with food-like products found in a bronchial unit."} {"question_id": 215, "question": "Are the cells in the described pathology report predominantly round and epithelioid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4042b6aa-9f8f-4c44-ba15-d0118de0f971.jpg", "report": "Cells become more round and epithelioid and cluster around the edge of the rosette."} {"question_id": 216, "question": "Do the cells form clusters in a random pattern throughout the tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4042b6aa-9f8f-4c44-ba15-d0118de0f971.jpg", "report": "Cells become more round and epithelioid and cluster around the edge of the rosette."} {"question_id": 217, "question": "Is the clustering of cells primarily observed around the edge of the rosette?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4042b6aa-9f8f-4c44-ba15-d0118de0f971.jpg", "report": "Cells become more round and epithelioid and cluster around the edge of the rosette."} {"question_id": 218, "question": "Is the presence of C3 indicative of a complement-mediated process in the chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence pattern shows absence of Ig and presence of C3."} {"question_id": 219, "question": "Does the immunofluorescence pattern show the presence of immunoglobulins (Ig)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence pattern shows absence of Ig and presence of C3."} {"question_id": 220, "question": "Can the absence of Ig in the immunofluorescence pattern rule out an antibody-mediated disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence pattern shows absence of Ig and presence of C3."} {"question_id": 221, "question": "Is the presence of C3 sufficient to diagnose an infectious disease in the chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Immunofluorescence pattern shows absence of Ig and presence of C3."} {"question_id": 222, "question": "Is homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles an indication of tissue damage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles is present, along with scattered stellate fibroblasts."} {"question_id": 223, "question": "Are stellate fibroblasts typically found in healthy collagen bundles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles is present, along with scattered stellate fibroblasts."} {"question_id": 224, "question": "Does the presence of scattered stellate fibroblasts suggest a chronic inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles is present, along with scattered stellate fibroblasts."} {"question_id": 225, "question": "Is the absence of stellate fibroblasts indicative of acute tissue damage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "Homogenization necrosis of collagen bundles is present, along with scattered stellate fibroblasts."} {"question_id": 226, "question": "Does superficial and deep funiculitis involve the perivascular regions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 227, "question": "Is the interstitial region unaffected in superficial and deep funiculitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 228, "question": "Can superficial and deep funiculitis be considered a pattern of inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 229, "question": "Is superficial and deep funiculitis limited to only the superficial regions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_59d0e5dd-f50c-497c-afb3-e8743731f6f9.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 230, "question": "Were any organisms found in the chest pathology specimen using routine and polarized light examination?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35c387bb-6546-430f-be13-a9ecf212d0a0.jpg", "report": "No form material was found upon examination with routine and polarized light, and PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms."} {"question_id": 231, "question": "Did the PAS stain reveal the presence of fungal organisms in the chest pathology specimen?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35c387bb-6546-430f-be13-a9ecf212d0a0.jpg", "report": "No form material was found upon examination with routine and polarized light, and PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms."} {"question_id": 232, "question": "Was the tissue gram stain positive for bacterial organisms in the chest pathology sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35c387bb-6546-430f-be13-a9ecf212d0a0.jpg", "report": "No form material was found upon examination with routine and polarized light, and PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms."} {"question_id": 233, "question": "Are the GMS and AFB stains useful for detecting fungal and mycobacterial organisms respectively?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35c387bb-6546-430f-be13-a9ecf212d0a0.jpg", "report": "No form material was found upon examination with routine and polarized light, and PAS, GMS, AFB, and tissue gram states were negative for organisms."} {"question_id": 234, "question": "Is the material surrounding the cyst indicative of a dermoid cyst?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The material surrounding the cyst is cheesy sebaceous material, typical of a dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma of the ovary."} {"question_id": 235, "question": "Is the cyst material described as serous fluid typical of a dermoid cyst?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The material surrounding the cyst is cheesy sebaceous material, typical of a dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma of the ovary."} {"question_id": 236, "question": "Can mature cystic teratoma of the ovary contain sebaceous material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The material surrounding the cyst is cheesy sebaceous material, typical of a dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma of the ovary."} {"question_id": 237, "question": "Is the cheesy sebaceous material found in the cyst indicative of a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The material surrounding the cyst is cheesy sebaceous material, typical of a dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma of the ovary."} {"question_id": 238, "question": "Is H. pylori typically found in the luminal area of the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen."} {"question_id": 239, "question": "Can the presence of H. pylori in the luminal area lead to chronic gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen."} {"question_id": 240, "question": "Is H. pylori presence in the luminal area always indicative of peptic ulcer disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen."} {"question_id": 241, "question": "Are H. pylori bacteria visible in a typical chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8b04be78-c890-4686-bd2f-aed9e7558f4c.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen."} {"question_id": 242, "question": "Is DFSP characterized by a diffuse infiltration pattern among lipocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_51cecd4e-d855-4e9f-87d5-a4f71e68be44.jpg", "report": "DFSP is the only neoplasm that diffusely infiltrates between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this."} {"question_id": 243, "question": "Can DFSP be easily mistaken for a benign lipoma due to its infiltration pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_51cecd4e-d855-4e9f-87d5-a4f71e68be44.jpg", "report": "DFSP is the only neoplasm that diffusely infiltrates between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this."} {"question_id": 244, "question": "Does DFSP typically exhibit localized, rather than diffuse, infiltration among lipocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_51cecd4e-d855-4e9f-87d5-a4f71e68be44.jpg", "report": "DFSP is the only neoplasm that diffusely infiltrates between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this."} {"question_id": 245, "question": "Is DFSP a neoplasm that can infiltrate lipocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_51cecd4e-d855-4e9f-87d5-a4f71e68be44.jpg", "report": "DFSP is the only neoplasm that diffusely infiltrates between and among lipocytes in a diffuse pattern like this."} {"question_id": 246, "question": "Is the loss of cellular polarity a criterion for dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c1797725-96e3-4257-958d-a33f2d51e511.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 247, "question": "Does dysplasia involve the nuclei reaching the surface?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c1797725-96e3-4257-958d-a33f2d51e511.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 248, "question": "Are normal cellular orientation and structure maintained in dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c1797725-96e3-4257-958d-a33f2d51e511.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 249, "question": "Can dysplasia be identified by the presence of cellular polarity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c1797725-96e3-4257-958d-a33f2d51e511.jpg", "report": "The criteria for dysplasia include loss of cellular polarity and nuclei reaching the surface."} {"question_id": 250, "question": "Is intestinal metaplasia detected in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 251, "question": "Does the presence of intestinal metaplasia suggest a normal chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 252, "question": "Can intestinal metaplasia be associated with a higher risk of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 253, "question": "Is intestinal metaplasia typically found in lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 254, "question": "Are the glands in the image indicative of pyloric gland metaplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 255, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be seen in cases of colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 256, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia exclusively associated with end-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 257, "question": "Does mycophenol-associated injury show pyloric gland metaplasia in the glands seen in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7ba03594-d61b-4022-b5a1-5bc3ff58a9de.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 258, "question": "Are monomorphic nuclei indicative of a uniform cell population?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_fddb29a4-5c9c-4710-8cbd-42083a9d7743.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 259, "question": "Can monomorphic nuclei be an indicator of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_fddb29a4-5c9c-4710-8cbd-42083a9d7743.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 260, "question": "Are monomorphic nuclei commonly seen in reactive or inflammatory conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_fddb29a4-5c9c-4710-8cbd-42083a9d7743.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 261, "question": "Do monomorphic nuclei suggest a high degree of cellular differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_fddb29a4-5c9c-4710-8cbd-42083a9d7743.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 262, "question": "Are myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation characteristic features of PCCs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "report": "Presence of myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation can be seen in PCCs."} {"question_id": 263, "question": "Is the presence of myxoid stroma in PCCs unusual?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "report": "Presence of myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation can be seen in PCCs."} {"question_id": 264, "question": "Does glandular differentiation in PCCs suggest a non-malignant process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "report": "Presence of myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation can be seen in PCCs."} {"question_id": 265, "question": "Can PCCs exhibit both myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_9e0a52df-aabf-4f95-91af-6da268169221.jpg", "report": "Presence of myxoid stroma and glandular differentiation can be seen in PCCs."} {"question_id": 266, "question": "Are the nuclei of the stratified cells reaching the middle third in the given chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c4c5f8b8-f86e-4f9c-b7b3-ddf9060eee55.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 267, "question": "Is there a loss of polarity in the stratified cells in the provided pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c4c5f8b8-f86e-4f9c-b7b3-ddf9060eee55.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 268, "question": "Are there any prominent nuclei observed in the stratified cells in the given pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c4c5f8b8-f86e-4f9c-b7b3-ddf9060eee55.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 269, "question": "Is there cribriform or micropapillary formation present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c4c5f8b8-f86e-4f9c-b7b3-ddf9060eee55.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 270, "question": "Can inflammatory bowel disease lead to the loss of organized tubular architecture in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth."} {"question_id": 271, "question": "Does inflammatory bowel disease cause abnormal gland growth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth."} {"question_id": 272, "question": "Is inflammatory bowel disease primarily a condition affecting the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth."} {"question_id": 273, "question": "Can inflammatory bowel disease be associated with systemic inflammatory responses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease can cause loss of organized tubular architecture and abnormal gland growth."} {"question_id": 274, "question": "Are basal cells present at the periphery of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 275, "question": "Does the presence of basal cells at the periphery suggest that the tumor is invasive?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 276, "question": "Is the presence of basal cells at the periphery a common feature in non-invasive tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 277, "question": "Can the presence of basal cells at the periphery rule out malignancy completely?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_943dc3a5-3548-4b93-8b05-23755f6f6e2c.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 278, "question": "Are histiocytes involved in the pathology of the chest in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96305b37-895c-472d-81ed-c73675997c03.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 279, "question": "Is hemocyanin typically found within lymphocytes in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96305b37-895c-472d-81ed-c73675997c03.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 280, "question": "Does the presence of hemocyanin within histiocytes indicate a possible foreign material exposure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96305b37-895c-472d-81ed-c73675997c03.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 281, "question": "Are neutrophils the primary cells containing hemocyanin in this patient?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96305b37-895c-472d-81ed-c73675997c03.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 282, "question": "Is the initial lesion described as benign?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma, but developed a sarcomatous area within it, becoming a leiomyosarcoma."} {"question_id": 283, "question": "Did the benign lesion transform into a malignant form?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma, but developed a sarcomatous area within it, becoming a leiomyosarcoma."} {"question_id": 284, "question": "Is the final diagnosis of the lesion leiomyoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma, but developed a sarcomatous area within it, becoming a leiomyosarcoma."} {"question_id": 285, "question": "Is the sarcomatous area indicative of a non-cancerous condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma, but developed a sarcomatous area within it, becoming a leiomyosarcoma."} {"question_id": 286, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia a common finding in inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_937f5af8-c118-413b-9509-acbdde06cba9.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 287, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be challenging to identify microscopically in inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_937f5af8-c118-413b-9509-acbdde06cba9.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 288, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia typically associated with chronic inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_937f5af8-c118-413b-9509-acbdde06cba9.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 289, "question": "Are pyloric glands normally found in the bowel mucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_937f5af8-c118-413b-9509-acbdde06cba9.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 290, "question": "Did the teratoma component extend to the prostate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 291, "question": "Was the teratoma component eliminated by therapy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 292, "question": "Did the teratoma component extend to the bladder?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 293, "question": "Is the teratoma component limited to the abdominal region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_a46f7ff7-e57e-4483-9fa1-fa24f07a41d7.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 294, "question": "Are spindle cells present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells with many mitoses."} {"question_id": 295, "question": "Does the image show a lack of mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells with many mitoses."} {"question_id": 296, "question": "Is pleomorphism noted in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells with many mitoses."} {"question_id": 297, "question": "Are the observed cells homogeneous and uniform in appearance?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b98d48ab-c56c-4519-90e3-490bee88c0a3.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells with many mitoses."} {"question_id": 298, "question": "Is metaplasia of the gastric mucosa indicative of a precancerous condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ea289d78-ddcf-4e88-889c-f81b330d7002.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 299, "question": "Does metaplasia of the gastric mucosa typically involve the transformation of epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ea289d78-ddcf-4e88-889c-f81b330d7002.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 300, "question": "Is metaplasia of the gastric mucosa exclusive to the antrum of the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ea289d78-ddcf-4e88-889c-f81b330d7002.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 301, "question": "Can metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach lead to dysplasia if left untreated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ea289d78-ddcf-4e88-889c-f81b330d7002.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 302, "question": "Are melanocytes present in the given chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_58ea89e7-01d3-42bd-ae6c-2fd10813005a.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 303, "question": "Do the melanocytes form nests?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_58ea89e7-01d3-42bd-ae6c-2fd10813005a.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 304, "question": "Are the melanocytes limited to the lower portions of the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_58ea89e7-01d3-42bd-ae6c-2fd10813005a.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 305, "question": "Is the pagetoid pattern seen in the image indicative of melanocytes extending into the upper portions of the matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_58ea89e7-01d3-42bd-ae6c-2fd10813005a.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 306, "question": "Are the rosettes in the tumor described as collagen-rich?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 307, "question": "Do the round cells around the edge of the nodules resemble the cells seen in neuroblastoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 308, "question": "Are the round cells described as large and vacuolated?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 309, "question": "Is the tumor characterized by a lack of collagen in the rosettes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 310, "question": "Can Prussian blue stain be used to detect the presence of hemocyanin in chest pathology samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 311, "question": "Is Fontana-Masson stain used to identify melanin pigment in tissue samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 312, "question": "Does Prussian blue stain help in identifying melanin pigment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 313, "question": "Can melanin pigment be confirmed using Fontana-Masson stain in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 314, "question": "Are the round organisms found in the infected histiocytes one to two microns in size?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "The infected histiocytes contain round organisms at the periphery that are about one to two microns in size."} {"question_id": 315, "question": "Are the infected histiocytes predominantly located in the alveolar spaces?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "The infected histiocytes contain round organisms at the periphery that are about one to two microns in size."} {"question_id": 316, "question": "Do the round organisms in the histiocytes indicate a possible fungal infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "The infected histiocytes contain round organisms at the periphery that are about one to two microns in size."} {"question_id": 317, "question": "Are the infected histiocytes free of any round organisms at their periphery?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "The infected histiocytes contain round organisms at the periphery that are about one to two microns in size."} {"question_id": 318, "question": "Are granulomas present in both sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 319, "question": "Do granulomas in sarcoidosis typically contain caseating necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 320, "question": "Can granulomas in Crohn’s disease be found in the gastrointestinal tract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 321, "question": "Are granulomas in sarcoidosis usually surrounded by dense lymphocytic infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 322, "question": "Are trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma considered the same as fibrofolliculoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_696fff92-e7f8-488a-b300-00e801fa69d5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 323, "question": "Is trichodiscoma typically found in areas without hair follicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_696fff92-e7f8-488a-b300-00e801fa69d5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 324, "question": "Can perifollicular fibroma be associated with fibrofolliculoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_696fff92-e7f8-488a-b300-00e801fa69d5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 325, "question": "Are trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma unrelated to each other?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_696fff92-e7f8-488a-b300-00e801fa69d5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 326, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation known to involve damaged nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Sarcoid granulomatous inflammation can involve damaged nerves and cause high-risk inflammatory reactions."} {"question_id": 327, "question": "Can sarcoid granulomatous inflammation cause high-risk inflammatory reactions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Sarcoid granulomatous inflammation can involve damaged nerves and cause high-risk inflammatory reactions."} {"question_id": 328, "question": "Are sarcoid granulomas typically characterized by the presence of caseous necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Sarcoid granulomatous inflammation can involve damaged nerves and cause high-risk inflammatory reactions."} {"question_id": 329, "question": "Is it common for sarcoid granulomatous inflammation to involve only the skin without affecting other organs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Sarcoid granulomatous inflammation can involve damaged nerves and cause high-risk inflammatory reactions."} {"question_id": 330, "question": "Is the epithelial component involved in the hamartoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_05141636-bad5-4f26-a02c-efb30f02bb6a.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 331, "question": "Does the hamartoma affect only the fibrous sheath around the hair follicle? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_05141636-bad5-4f26-a02c-efb30f02bb6a.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 332, "question": "Can the hamartoma be associated with both epithelial and fibrous components? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_05141636-bad5-4f26-a02c-efb30f02bb6a.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 333, "question": "Is the hamartoma limited to just the epithelial component? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_05141636-bad5-4f26-a02c-efb30f02bb6a.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 335, "question": "Does spongiosis typically indicate a viral infection in the chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is the histologic reaction pattern observed."} {"question_id": 336, "question": "Can spongiosis be indicative of an inflammatory response in the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is the histologic reaction pattern observed."} {"question_id": 337, "question": "Is spongiosis generally characterized by the presence of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is the histologic reaction pattern observed."} {"question_id": 338, "question": "Is molecular pathology alone sufficient for a definitive diagnosis in chest pathology cases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 339, "question": "Should molecular pathology be used in conjunction with histologic features to form a comprehensive diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 340, "question": "Can clinical scenarios influence the interpretation of molecular pathology results in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 341, "question": "Is immunohistochemistry irrelevant in the context of chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 342, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma be distinguished from myxofibrosarcoma using histological techniques?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_26eba169-a38a-4e4c-beb5-90c792b38be4.jpg", "report": "Distinguishing low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma can be done histologically with H and E staining."} {"question_id": 343, "question": "Is H and E staining a useful tool for differentiating between low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_26eba169-a38a-4e4c-beb5-90c792b38be4.jpg", "report": "Distinguishing low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma can be done histologically with H and E staining."} {"question_id": 344, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas typically identified without the use of histological staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_26eba169-a38a-4e4c-beb5-90c792b38be4.jpg", "report": "Distinguishing low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma from myxofibrosarcoma can be done histologically with H and E staining."} {"question_id": 345, "question": "Does the lesion commonly occur on the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 346, "question": "Is the lesion typically found on the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 347, "question": "Can the lesion occur on both hands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 348, "question": "Is the lesion usually unilateral?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 349, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes often found at the periphery of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 350, "question": "Do extravasated erythrocytes typically indicate a central location in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 351, "question": "Can the presence of extravasated erythrocytes at the tumor periphery suggest hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 352, "question": "Is eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus often associated with eosinophilic esophagitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_738b0f80-c875-4e25-b895-5b195c1eee12.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnoses for eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 353, "question": "Can eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_738b0f80-c875-4e25-b895-5b195c1eee12.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnoses for eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 354, "question": "Is eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus always indicative of a food allergy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_738b0f80-c875-4e25-b895-5b195c1eee12.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnoses for eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 355, "question": "Can eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis occur without any allergic reaction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_738b0f80-c875-4e25-b895-5b195c1eee12.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnoses for eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 356, "question": "Is the lesion described as malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_19aa8aed-777d-42ce-86ba-d1ced38cb3a0.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 357, "question": "Does the lesion have dilated blood vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_19aa8aed-777d-42ce-86ba-d1ced38cb3a0.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 358, "question": "Are proliferating sebaceous lobules present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_19aa8aed-777d-42ce-86ba-d1ced38cb3a0.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 359, "question": "Is the fibrous component absent in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_19aa8aed-777d-42ce-86ba-d1ced38cb3a0.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 360, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma associated with a specific genetic translocation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bf40e274-39ca-4e88-8697-cd860ef12b46.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 361, "question": "Is the translocation found in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bf40e274-39ca-4e88-8697-cd860ef12b46.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 362, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma be diagnosed without identifying a genetic translocation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bf40e274-39ca-4e88-8697-cd860ef12b46.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 363, "question": "Can chemotherapy associated colitis present with symptoms similar to inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f1a2a4a2-c044-49f8-8c53-33f5703c356d.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 364, "question": "Is chemotherapy associated colitis exclusively found in patients with genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f1a2a4a2-c044-49f8-8c53-33f5703c356d.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 365, "question": "Does chemotherapy associated colitis often require distinguishing features to be identified from inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f1a2a4a2-c044-49f8-8c53-33f5703c356d.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 366, "question": "Is chemotherapy associated colitis typically diagnosed without endoscopic or histologic evaluation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f1a2a4a2-c044-49f8-8c53-33f5703c356d.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 367, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen's disease a form of intraepidermal carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 368, "question": "Does pigmented Bowen's disease typically present with a lack of pigmentation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 369, "question": "Can pigmented squamous cell carcinoma exhibit features of keratinization?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 370, "question": "Are pigmented squamous cell carcinoma lesions usually confined to the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 371, "question": "Can Clostridium difficile infection mimic ischemic colitis in its histological presentation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "C. diff can mimic ischemia, with pink and hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes."} {"question_id": 372, "question": "Are hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes commonly seen in Clostridium difficile infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "C. diff can mimic ischemia, with pink and hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes."} {"question_id": 373, "question": "Is the presence of pink and hyalinized lamina propria indicative of a viral infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "C. diff can mimic ischemia, with pink and hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes."} {"question_id": 374, "question": "Does Clostridium difficile infection typically show changes in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "C. diff can mimic ischemia, with pink and hyalinized lamina propria and architectural changes."} {"question_id": 375, "question": "Are goblet cells present in the gastric mucosa in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0baeb78a-9b1a-43f2-9fbf-1489590fba99.jpg", "report": "The image shows goblet cells in gastric mucosa, which take blue color in Alcian blue and PAS color in gastric epithelium."} {"question_id": 376, "question": "Do goblet cells in the image take a blue color with Alcian blue stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0baeb78a-9b1a-43f2-9fbf-1489590fba99.jpg", "report": "The image shows goblet cells in gastric mucosa, which take blue color in Alcian blue and PAS color in gastric epithelium."} {"question_id": 377, "question": "Are goblet cells typically found in the gastric epithelium under normal conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0baeb78a-9b1a-43f2-9fbf-1489590fba99.jpg", "report": "The image shows goblet cells in gastric mucosa, which take blue color in Alcian blue and PAS color in gastric epithelium."} {"question_id": 378, "question": "Does the PAS stain color the goblet cells in the gastric epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0baeb78a-9b1a-43f2-9fbf-1489590fba99.jpg", "report": "The image shows goblet cells in gastric mucosa, which take blue color in Alcian blue and PAS color in gastric epithelium."} {"question_id": 379, "question": "Are the nuclei of the stratified cells reaching the middle third of the layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e11f3585-603a-4ed6-9ae4-66b1567e4da2.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 380, "question": "Do the nuclei of the stratified cells lose their polarity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e11f3585-603a-4ed6-9ae4-66b1567e4da2.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 381, "question": "Is there a presence of cribriform or micropapillary formation in the stratified cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e11f3585-603a-4ed6-9ae4-66b1567e4da2.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 382, "question": "Are prominent nuclei observed in the stratified cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e11f3585-603a-4ed6-9ae4-66b1567e4da2.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 383, "question": "Can cellular intramuscular myxoma be challenging to differentiate from fibrous areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 384, "question": "Is cellular intramuscular myxoma primarily composed of adipose tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 385, "question": "Does cellular intramuscular myxoma contain more cellular areas that complicate diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 386, "question": "Is cellular intramuscular myxoma usually found in the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 387, "question": "Is neuroblastoma-like schwannoma characterized by a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d99b722-45c0-4960-9a82-7af6aaa3343b.jpg", "report": "Comparison between schwannoma and neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, which has a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules and can be difficult to distinguish from a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 388, "question": "Can neuroblastoma-like schwannoma be easily distinguished from neuroblastoma without histological examination?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d99b722-45c0-4960-9a82-7af6aaa3343b.jpg", "report": "Comparison between schwannoma and neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, which has a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules and can be difficult to distinguish from a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 389, "question": "Are schwannomas typically difficult to differentiate from neuroblastomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d99b722-45c0-4960-9a82-7af6aaa3343b.jpg", "report": "Comparison between schwannoma and neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, which has a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules and can be difficult to distinguish from a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 390, "question": "Do schwannomas typically lack a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d99b722-45c0-4960-9a82-7af6aaa3343b.jpg", "report": "Comparison between schwannoma and neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, which has a round cell appearance around the edge of the nodules and can be difficult to distinguish from a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 391, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a criterion for mucosal prolapse in the colon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_357fb809-5787-4b42-97c0-fdc9d593edfd.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 392, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria associated with Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_357fb809-5787-4b42-97c0-fdc9d593edfd.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 393, "question": "Can solitary rectal ulcer syndrome be diagnosed by the presence of muscularization of the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_357fb809-5787-4b42-97c0-fdc9d593edfd.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 394, "question": "Is the lamina propria a layer of the colon's mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_357fb809-5787-4b42-97c0-fdc9d593edfd.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 395, "question": "Can metastatic ductal carcinoma extend to the surface of the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a31970dc-8873-40ea-8c59-5565a7d97016.jpg", "report": "Metastatic ductal carcinoma, like breast cancer, can be differentiated from other neoplasms based on its diffuse nature and extension to the surface."} {"question_id": 396, "question": "Is metastatic ductal carcinoma limited to a localized area?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a31970dc-8873-40ea-8c59-5565a7d97016.jpg", "report": "Metastatic ductal carcinoma, like breast cancer, can be differentiated from other neoplasms based on its diffuse nature and extension to the surface."} {"question_id": 397, "question": "Can metastatic ductal carcinoma be differentiated from other neoplasms by its diffuse nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a31970dc-8873-40ea-8c59-5565a7d97016.jpg", "report": "Metastatic ductal carcinoma, like breast cancer, can be differentiated from other neoplasms based on its diffuse nature and extension to the surface."} {"question_id": 398, "question": "Is metastatic ductal carcinoma always confined to the breast tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a31970dc-8873-40ea-8c59-5565a7d97016.jpg", "report": "Metastatic ductal carcinoma, like breast cancer, can be differentiated from other neoplasms based on its diffuse nature and extension to the surface."} {"question_id": 399, "question": "Is a Brenner tumor typically found in the ovary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "Presence of Brenner tumor in the ovary, which can be benign or show aggressive behavior and infiltrate ovarian stroma, leading to transitional cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 400, "question": "Can a Brenner tumor exhibit benign behavior?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "Presence of Brenner tumor in the ovary, which can be benign or show aggressive behavior and infiltrate ovarian stroma, leading to transitional cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 401, "question": "Is transitional cell carcinoma associated with aggressive Brenner tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "Presence of Brenner tumor in the ovary, which can be benign or show aggressive behavior and infiltrate ovarian stroma, leading to transitional cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 402, "question": "Are Brenner tumors found in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "Presence of Brenner tumor in the ovary, which can be benign or show aggressive behavior and infiltrate ovarian stroma, leading to transitional cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 403, "question": "Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image characterized by round to oval nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 404, "question": "Does the cytoplasm of the cells appear intensely eosinophilic?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 405, "question": "Are there at least two different cell types present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 406, "question": "Is the cytoplasm of the cells described as dark blue or basophilic?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 407, "question": "Is the lesion characterized by a collection of dilated vascular spaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65252231-b45f-4d69-a856-883d8bb672e9.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 408, "question": "Are the vascular spaces lined by thin, flattened endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65252231-b45f-4d69-a856-883d8bb672e9.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 409, "question": "Does the lesion exhibit papillary projections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65252231-b45f-4d69-a856-883d8bb672e9.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 410, "question": "Is the neoplasm identified as having a monophasic pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65252231-b45f-4d69-a856-883d8bb672e9.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 411, "question": "Are the glands in the chest pathology image benign?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "The basal cell markers are positive in the glands, indicating they are benign."} {"question_id": 412, "question": "Do the positive basal cell markers suggest malignancy in the glands?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "The basal cell markers are positive in the glands, indicating they are benign."} {"question_id": 413, "question": "Is the presence of basal cell markers in the glands a normal finding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "The basal cell markers are positive in the glands, indicating they are benign."} {"question_id": 414, "question": "Should the glands with positive basal cell markers be considered for further malignant testing?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "The basal cell markers are positive in the glands, indicating they are benign."} {"question_id": 415, "question": "Is elastic cartilage found in the external ear?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 416, "question": "Is elastic cartilage present in the trachea?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 417, "question": "Can elastic cartilage be found in the epiglottis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 418, "question": "Is elastic cartilage located in the intervertebral discs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 419, "question": "Is uveitis a common manifestation of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 420, "question": "Are lymphocytes typically seen in the granulomas of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 421, "question": "Can sarcoidosis cause fibrosis in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 422, "question": "Is sarcoidosis usually associated with bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 423, "question": "Is the stratum corneum in the specimen notably thick?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 424, "question": "Are hair follicles prominently present in the specimen?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 425, "question": "Does the specimen show a marked absence of hair follicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 426, "question": "Is the presence of a very thin stratum corneum characteristic of this specimen?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 427, "question": "Is hemoglobin cytokeratin staining used in the histopathological examination of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 428, "question": "Does racemase staining show predominantly positive results in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 429, "question": "Is the staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain observed in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 430, "question": "Is the specimen well-circumscribed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_50611b7f-cef4-4bbb-855a-ac0e7ebc59e9.jpg", "report": "Specimen appears well-circumscribed but has some features that raise suspicion for malignancy, such as being bottombulky and asymmetrical."} {"question_id": 431, "question": "Does the specimen being asymmetrical raise suspicion for malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_50611b7f-cef4-4bbb-855a-ac0e7ebc59e9.jpg", "report": "Specimen appears well-circumscribed but has some features that raise suspicion for malignancy, such as being bottombulky and asymmetrical."} {"question_id": 432, "question": "Is the specimen symmetrical?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_50611b7f-cef4-4bbb-855a-ac0e7ebc59e9.jpg", "report": "Specimen appears well-circumscribed but has some features that raise suspicion for malignancy, such as being bottombulky and asymmetrical."} {"question_id": 433, "question": "Are all well-circumscribed specimens considered benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_50611b7f-cef4-4bbb-855a-ac0e7ebc59e9.jpg", "report": "Specimen appears well-circumscribed but has some features that raise suspicion for malignancy, such as being bottombulky and asymmetrical."} {"question_id": 434, "question": "Can STOMPs recur in patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "STOMPs can recur and may progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma."} {"question_id": 435, "question": "Are STOMPs exclusive to the prostatic stroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "STOMPs can recur and may progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma."} {"question_id": 436, "question": "Can STOMPs progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "STOMPs can recur and may progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma."} {"question_id": 437, "question": "Are STOMPs typically benign and never progress to malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "STOMPs can recur and may progress to prostatic stroma of sarcoma."} {"question_id": 438, "question": "Are tenosynovial giant cell tumors associated with the CSF1R gene?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "There are localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, both with balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene."} {"question_id": 439, "question": "Can tenosynovial giant cell tumors be classified into localized and diffuse types?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "There are localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, both with balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene."} {"question_id": 440, "question": "Are tenosynovial giant cell tumors usually found in the bone marrow?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "There are localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, both with balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene."} {"question_id": 441, "question": "Do both types of tenosynovial giant cell tumors involve balanced translocations?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "There are localized and diffuse types of tenosynovial giant cell tumor, both with balanced translocations involving the CSF1R gene."} {"question_id": 442, "question": "Is a trichilemmal cyst typically lined by squamous epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 443, "question": "Are trichilemmal cysts commonly found on the scalp?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 444, "question": "Can trichilemmal cysts contain keratin material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 445, "question": "Are trichilemmal cysts usually malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 446, "question": "Can superficial soft tissue tumors exhibit peripheral ossification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Superficial soft tissue tumors may have a rim of peripheral ossification, which may suggest myositis ossificans based on imaging findings."} {"question_id": 447, "question": "Is peripheral ossification in superficial soft tissue tumors indicative of myositis ossificans?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Superficial soft tissue tumors may have a rim of peripheral ossification, which may suggest myositis ossificans based on imaging findings."} {"question_id": 448, "question": "Are superficial soft tissue tumors always associated with myositis ossificans?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Superficial soft tissue tumors may have a rim of peripheral ossification, which may suggest myositis ossificans based on imaging findings."} {"question_id": 449, "question": "Can imaging findings alone definitively diagnose myositis ossificans in superficial soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Superficial soft tissue tumors may have a rim of peripheral ossification, which may suggest myositis ossificans based on imaging findings."} {"question_id": 453, "question": "Can the described skin condition with small individual papules and central crust be indicative of acne vulgaris?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "report": "Clinical description of a skin condition with small individual papules that have a central crust, often on perioral skin."} {"question_id": 454, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia involve the loss of cellular polarity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_aabd9516-518b-4ec6-b3c7-8960c3f0b8f0.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 455, "question": "Are nuclei in high-grade dysplasia typically inconspicuous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_aabd9516-518b-4ec6-b3c7-8960c3f0b8f0.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 456, "question": "Is cribriform pattern a characteristic feature of high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_aabd9516-518b-4ec6-b3c7-8960c3f0b8f0.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 457, "question": "Is low-grade dysplasia included in the concept of dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_aabd9516-518b-4ec6-b3c7-8960c3f0b8f0.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 458, "question": "Does choriocarcinoma of the ovary secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Choriocarcinoma of the ovary, also known as non-gestational choriocarcinoma, secretes human chorionic gonadotropin."} {"question_id": 459, "question": "Is choriocarcinoma of the ovary also known as gestational choriocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Choriocarcinoma of the ovary, also known as non-gestational choriocarcinoma, secretes human chorionic gonadotropin."} {"question_id": 460, "question": "Can non-gestational choriocarcinoma occur in the ovary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Choriocarcinoma of the ovary, also known as non-gestational choriocarcinoma, secretes human chorionic gonadotropin."} {"question_id": 461, "question": "Is non-gestational choriocarcinoma a type of lung cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Choriocarcinoma of the ovary, also known as non-gestational choriocarcinoma, secretes human chorionic gonadotropin."} {"question_id": 462, "question": "Are multinucleated giant cells typically found around foreign material in the body?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_d219f4dd-4f92-4b07-bb6a-45f0b283bb0b.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 463, "question": "Do multinucleated giant cells indicate the presence of easily phagocytosed material?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_d219f4dd-4f92-4b07-bb6a-45f0b283bb0b.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 464, "question": "Can multinucleated giant cells be associated with foreign body reactions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_d219f4dd-4f92-4b07-bb6a-45f0b283bb0b.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 465, "question": "Are multinucleated giant cells usually seen in normal, healthy tissue without any foreign material?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_d219f4dd-4f92-4b07-bb6a-45f0b283bb0b.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 466, "question": "Is the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer indicative of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 467, "question": "Are melanocytes normally found in high numbers in the matrix layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 468, "question": "Does the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer require further diagnostic investigation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 469, "question": "Can the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer be considered normal in a healthy individual?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 470, "question": "Can a giant cell tumor of bone extend into adjacent soft tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Giant cell tumor of bone may extend into adjacent soft tissues, but this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions."} {"question_id": 471, "question": "Is the extension of a giant cell tumor into adjacent soft tissues an indication of malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Giant cell tumor of bone may extend into adjacent soft tissues, but this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions."} {"question_id": 472, "question": "Are giant cell tumors of bone typically benign?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_7559d4cf-54de-4f3f-8309-769a77ef1c8f.jpg", "report": "Giant cell tumor of bone may extend into adjacent soft tissues, but this is not a feature of malignancy for these lesions."} {"question_id": 473, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 474, "question": "Do the pigmented histiocytes contain hemocyanin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 475, "question": "Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 476, "question": "Is the presence of hemocyanin in histiocytes indicative of a chronic process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 477, "question": "Is a miniaturized hair follicle typically seen in androgenetic alopecia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 478, "question": "Does the mantle zone contain stem cells important for hair growth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 479, "question": "Are miniaturized hair follicles commonly associated with alopecia areata?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 480, "question": "Is the mantle zone found in the epidermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0b19780d-498f-43a1-90f3-f4bfc4ead6d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 481, "question": "Is the band of inflammatory cells and capillaries thick and irregular in the observed sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "The band of inflammatory cells and capillaries is thick and irregular, with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 482, "question": "Are there any feet-like projections into the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "The band of inflammatory cells and capillaries is thick and irregular, with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 483, "question": "Are the inflammatory cells and capillaries located in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "The band of inflammatory cells and capillaries is thick and irregular, with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 485, "question": "Can EMA immunohistochemical staining be used to help diagnose perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 486, "question": "Are low-grade fibrosarcomas incapable of expressing EMA and Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 487, "question": "Is Glut-1 an immunohistochemical stain that can aid in diagnosing perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 488, "question": "Do only perineuriomas express EMA and Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 489, "question": "Can bladder neck tissue be found in a TUR-BT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "Bladder neck tissue can be present in a TUR-BT sample and prostate tissue can be present in a TUR-P sample."} {"question_id": 490, "question": "Is prostate tissue commonly found in a TUR-BT sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "Bladder neck tissue can be present in a TUR-BT sample and prostate tissue can be present in a TUR-P sample."} {"question_id": 491, "question": "Is it possible for prostate tissue to be present in a TUR-P (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "Bladder neck tissue can be present in a TUR-BT sample and prostate tissue can be present in a TUR-P sample."} {"question_id": 492, "question": "Are bladder neck tissues typically found in TUR-P samples?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "Bladder neck tissue can be present in a TUR-BT sample and prostate tissue can be present in a TUR-P sample."} {"question_id": 493, "question": "Is the bone marrow cellularity within normal limits?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_e2584fb4-94f6-433a-989a-48f60a75a639.jpg", "report": "Relatively normal bone marrow with trilinear hematopoiesis and normal cellularity."} {"question_id": 495, "question": "Are there any indications of increased or decreased cellularity in the bone marrow?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_e2584fb4-94f6-433a-989a-48f60a75a639.jpg", "report": "Relatively normal bone marrow with trilinear hematopoiesis and normal cellularity."} {"question_id": 496, "question": "Is trilinear hematopoiesis observed in the bone marrow?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_e2584fb4-94f6-433a-989a-48f60a75a639.jpg", "report": "Relatively normal bone marrow with trilinear hematopoiesis and normal cellularity."} {"question_id": 497, "question": "Are nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions indicative of a CMV infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_35ef396e-6c1e-419c-aa25-1ce82bbc4f71.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 498, "question": "Does CMV infection primarily affect epithelial cells first?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_35ef396e-6c1e-419c-aa25-1ce82bbc4f71.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 499, "question": "Can CMV infection lead to vasculitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_35ef396e-6c1e-419c-aa25-1ce82bbc4f71.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 500, "question": "Is the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions sufficient to diagnose bacterial pneumonia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_35ef396e-6c1e-419c-aa25-1ce82bbc4f71.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 501, "question": "Can CD34 be used to diagnose superficial skin tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "CD34 can help diagnose deep soft tissue tumors."} {"question_id": 502, "question": "Is CD34 a marker used to identify vascular endothelial cells in soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "CD34 can help diagnose deep soft tissue tumors."} {"question_id": 503, "question": "Does CD34 help in differentiating between different types of deep soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "CD34 can help diagnose deep soft tissue tumors."} {"question_id": 504, "question": "Is CD34 typically used to diagnose infections in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "CD34 can help diagnose deep soft tissue tumors."} {"question_id": 505, "question": "Is there a cellular infiltrate present throughout the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Slightly hyperplastic epidermis and a cellular infiltrate throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 509, "question": "Is the architecture of the glands in the chest pathology image distorted and abnormal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_822a110c-72bb-4114-b0ac-78a3f657409d.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 510, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show features of acute inflammation? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_822a110c-72bb-4114-b0ac-78a3f657409d.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 511, "question": "Are there any specific features indicating chronic inflammatory pathology in the chest image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_822a110c-72bb-4114-b0ac-78a3f657409d.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 512, "question": "Can the chronicity of the glandular architecture be inferred from the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_822a110c-72bb-4114-b0ac-78a3f657409d.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 513, "question": "Are granulomas a common finding in both sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 514, "question": "Are granulomas in sarcoidosis typically caseating?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 515, "question": "Can granulomas in Crohn's disease be found in the gastrointestinal tract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 516, "question": "Are granulomas in sarcoidosis usually associated with necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "Comparison of granulomas in sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 517, "question": "Are there few viable adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "There are not many viable adipocytes left in the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 518, "question": "Is the number of viable adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue normal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "There are not many viable adipocytes left in the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 519, "question": "Could the subcutaneous tissue be primarily composed of non-viable adipocytes? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "There are not many viable adipocytes left in the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 520, "question": "Is there a significant presence of healthy adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "There are not many viable adipocytes left in the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 521, "question": "Are melanocytes present in the described pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 523, "question": "Is the extension of melanocytes into the upper portions of the matrix described as a pagetoid pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 524, "question": "Are the melanocytes restricted to the basal layer without extending upwards?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 525, "question": "Is MUC4 stain used to diagnose cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 526, "question": "Can a cellular intramuscular myxoma be confirmed without using MUC4 stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 527, "question": "Does the presence of MUC4 staining support the diagnosis of a non-myxomatous tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 528, "question": "Are there other stains besides MUC4 that can be used to confirm cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 529, "question": "Is sarcoidosis associated with granulomas in the lungs? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b22931c4-e35b-4f7b-8840-a861d97d0060.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 530, "question": "Can sarcoidosis present with hilar lymphadenopathy on a chest radiograph? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b22931c4-e35b-4f7b-8840-a861d97d0060.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 531, "question": "Is uveitis a common extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b22931c4-e35b-4f7b-8840-a861d97d0060.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 532, "question": "Are the granulomas in sarcoidosis typically caseating? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b22931c4-e35b-4f7b-8840-a861d97d0060.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 533, "question": "Is heterochromatin typically more condensed than euchromatin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Chromatin in the nucleus can be classified as heterochromatin or euchromatin."} {"question_id": 534, "question": "Does euchromatin appear darker under a microscope compared to heterochromatin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Chromatin in the nucleus can be classified as heterochromatin or euchromatin."} {"question_id": 535, "question": "Is euchromatin generally associated with active transcription?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Chromatin in the nucleus can be classified as heterochromatin or euchromatin."} {"question_id": 536, "question": "Are both heterochromatin and euchromatin found within the nucleus of a cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Chromatin in the nucleus can be classified as heterochromatin or euchromatin."} {"question_id": 537, "question": "Are plasma cells involved in the expansion of the lamina propria in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, are causing expansion of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 538, "question": "Do neutrophils play a significant role in the expansion of the lamina propria in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, are causing expansion of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 539, "question": "Is the expansion of the lamina propria caused by inflammatory cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, are causing expansion of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 540, "question": "Are eosinophils absent in the inflammatory response causing the expansion of the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5e221488-360a-4909-aa07-cffbf8844034.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, are causing expansion of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 541, "question": "Is perineurioma a type of soft tissue tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 542, "question": "Does perineurioma typically present with high-grade malignant features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 543, "question": "Can perineurioma be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in histological analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 544, "question": "Is immunohistochemistry always definitive in distinguishing perineurioma from low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aeb1e9b8-0fa5-431a-89b7-ff906dab1235.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 546, "question": "Are the cells present in single forms as well as in glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an infiltrative process that looks like adenocarcinoma of the prostate with polyform and single cells in some glands."} {"question_id": 549, "question": "Are there eosinophils present in the blister cavity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "There are lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity."} {"question_id": 550, "question": "Are there numerous neutrophils present in the blister cavity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "There are lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity."} {"question_id": 551, "question": "Can lymphocytes be found in the blister cavity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "There are lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity."} {"question_id": 552, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes present in the blister cavity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "There are lots of eosinophils, some extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity."} {"question_id": 553, "question": "Are melanophages typically found in the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 554, "question": "Do melanophages contain melanin pigments?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 555, "question": "Is the presence of melanophages indicative of acute inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 556, "question": "Can melanophages vary in size and shape?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 557, "question": "Is the patient being evaluated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 558, "question": "Does the patient have a history of post-polio syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 559, "question": "Is the patient HIV-negative?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 560, "question": "Is the presence of a bloody bowel movement a symptom considered in the evaluation for IBD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 561, "question": "Are the tumor cells characterized by a bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "report": "Description of tumor cells with bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance and bland nucleus."} {"question_id": 562, "question": "Do the tumor cells exhibit a highly irregular and atypical nucleus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "report": "Description of tumor cells with bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance and bland nucleus."} {"question_id": 563, "question": "Is the nucleus of the tumor cells described as bland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "report": "Description of tumor cells with bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance and bland nucleus."} {"question_id": 564, "question": "Are the vacuolated tumor cells indicative of a highly aggressive malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_e4af34da-8507-4e4f-a94a-e1471a8a8a63.jpg", "report": "Description of tumor cells with bivacuolated or multi-vacuolated appearance and bland nucleus."} {"question_id": 565, "question": "Is a sclerosing epithelial neoplasm a type of malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1054f018-0d38-4844-880a-e5d06f34a657.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm, which requires another biopsy."} {"question_id": 566, "question": "Can a single biopsy definitively diagnose a sclerosing epithelial neoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1054f018-0d38-4844-880a-e5d06f34a657.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm, which requires another biopsy."} {"question_id": 567, "question": "Is a sclerosing epithelial neoplasm typically found on the surface of the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1054f018-0d38-4844-880a-e5d06f34a657.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of surface of the sclerosing epithelial neoplasm, which requires another biopsy."} {"question_id": 568, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cells indicative of a high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 569, "question": "Do poorly differentiated cells suggest the presence of a low-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 570, "question": "Is it possible that poorly differentiated cells could indicate lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 571, "question": "Can poorly differentiated cells be associated with a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 572, "question": "Are the glands in partial atrophy completely atrophic?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 573, "question": "Can the glands in partial atrophy be cystically dilated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 574, "question": "Do partially atrophic glands in partial atrophy have uniform amounts of cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 575, "question": "Is partial atrophy characterized by partially atrophic glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 576, "question": "Is MAC a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee0713b0-bfee-421c-ac8e-df38259a6a92.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 577, "question": "Does MAC show a high number of mitoses?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee0713b0-bfee-421c-ac8e-df38259a6a92.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 578, "question": "Can MAC be characterized by significant individual cellular atypia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee0713b0-bfee-421c-ac8e-df38259a6a92.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 579, "question": "Is the nature of MAC typically not limited to a specific location?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee0713b0-bfee-421c-ac8e-df38259a6a92.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 580, "question": "Can elevated PSA levels be an indicator of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The patient has a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels, which may indicate prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 581, "question": "Is a positive digital rectal examination sufficient to definitively diagnose prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The patient has a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels, which may indicate prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 582, "question": "Are elevated PSA levels exclusive to prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The patient has a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels, which may indicate prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 583, "question": "Does a positive digital rectal examination always mean the presence of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The patient has a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA levels, which may indicate prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 584, "question": "Is metastatic malignant melanoma characterized by the presence of atypical melanocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bd0e420-a340-469e-af56-64910f8d2241.jpg", "report": "Example of metastatic malignant melanoma"} {"question_id": 585, "question": "Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type in metastatic malignant melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bd0e420-a340-469e-af56-64910f8d2241.jpg", "report": "Example of metastatic malignant melanoma"} {"question_id": 586, "question": "Can metastatic malignant melanoma spread to the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bd0e420-a340-469e-af56-64910f8d2241.jpg", "report": "Example of metastatic malignant melanoma"} {"question_id": 587, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophils a typical finding in metastatic malignant melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bd0e420-a340-469e-af56-64910f8d2241.jpg", "report": "Example of metastatic malignant melanoma"} {"question_id": 589, "question": "Can this tumor be easily mistaken for desmoid fibromatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b5b8cc71-9765-4cdf-b010-54f0249e82de.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a bland appearance and a pink fibrous background that can be confused with other fibrous fibroblastic tumors like desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 590, "question": "Does the tumor have an aggressive and highly malignant appearance?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b5b8cc71-9765-4cdf-b010-54f0249e82de.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a bland appearance and a pink fibrous background that can be confused with other fibrous fibroblastic tumors like desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 591, "question": "Is the described tumor classified as a fibrous fibroblastic tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b5b8cc71-9765-4cdf-b010-54f0249e82de.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a bland appearance and a pink fibrous background that can be confused with other fibrous fibroblastic tumors like desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 592, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit an aggressive appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6d7dbac7-6b49-4eb2-a075-c6a4db9d032d.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an aggressive appearance and elicits a desmoplastic reaction and host inflammatory response."} {"question_id": 593, "question": "Is the tumor associated with a desmoplastic reaction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6d7dbac7-6b49-4eb2-a075-c6a4db9d032d.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an aggressive appearance and elicits a desmoplastic reaction and host inflammatory response."} {"question_id": 594, "question": "Does the host inflammatory response indicate a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6d7dbac7-6b49-4eb2-a075-c6a4db9d032d.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an aggressive appearance and elicits a desmoplastic reaction and host inflammatory response."} {"question_id": 595, "question": "Is the tumor likely to be slow-growing based on the provided description?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6d7dbac7-6b49-4eb2-a075-c6a4db9d032d.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an aggressive appearance and elicits a desmoplastic reaction and host inflammatory response."} {"question_id": 596, "question": "Are melanocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 597, "question": "Do the melanocytes form nests in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 598, "question": "Are the melanocytes extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 599, "question": "Are the melanocytes absent in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 600, "question": "Can EMA be used as an immunohistochemical stain to help diagnose perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 601, "question": "Is Glut-1 a reliable marker for diagnosing fibrosarcomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 602, "question": "Do low-grade fibrosarcomas express Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 603, "question": "Are perineuriomas typically negative for EMA staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 604, "question": "Are vesicular nuclei indicative of a cell that is actively dividing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is actively dividing and composed mainly of euchromatin."} {"question_id": 605, "question": "Do vesicular nuclei suggest the presence of heterochromatin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is actively dividing and composed mainly of euchromatin."} {"question_id": 606, "question": "Are vesicular nuclei mainly composed of euchromatin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is actively dividing and composed mainly of euchromatin."} {"question_id": 607, "question": "Do vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is in a resting state?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_8ec240a1-cd99-485c-8390-b36b49277f89.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei indicate that the cell is actively dividing and composed mainly of euchromatin."} {"question_id": 608, "question": "Are lymphoid follicles abnormal in the stomach in cases of chronic gastroenteritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1646d5e3-edbd-491c-919a-3bbbe655dde9.jpg", "report": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis."} {"question_id": 609, "question": "Can the presence of lymphoid follicles in the stomach be considered normal in healthy individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1646d5e3-edbd-491c-919a-3bbbe655dde9.jpg", "report": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis."} {"question_id": 610, "question": "Is chronic gastroenteritis associated with the formation of lymphoid follicles in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1646d5e3-edbd-491c-919a-3bbbe655dde9.jpg", "report": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis."} {"question_id": 611, "question": "Do lymphoid follicles in the stomach indicate an acute gastrointestinal condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1646d5e3-edbd-491c-919a-3bbbe655dde9.jpg", "report": "Lymphoid follicles are abnormal in the stomach and seen in chronic gastroenteritis."} {"question_id": 612, "question": "Is cytokeratin typically positive in signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_421e06a2-6158-4ad4-b890-f2c0737d7041.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 613, "question": "Can signet cell carcinoma be identified with a cytokeratin stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_421e06a2-6158-4ad4-b890-f2c0737d7041.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 614, "question": "Is cytokeratin negative in signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_421e06a2-6158-4ad4-b890-f2c0737d7041.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 615, "question": "Are signet cells a common feature in signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_421e06a2-6158-4ad4-b890-f2c0737d7041.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 616, "question": "Are combined nevi characterized by the presence of both benign nevus cells and epithelial-like melanocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7272172a-5f4b-406f-91fe-94b2accbec68.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 617, "question": "Do combined nevi typically exhibit malignant features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7272172a-5f4b-406f-91fe-94b2accbec68.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 618, "question": "Are combined nevi considered a form of melanocytic tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7272172a-5f4b-406f-91fe-94b2accbec68.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 619, "question": "Are epithelial-like melanocytes absent in combined nevi?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7272172a-5f4b-406f-91fe-94b2accbec68.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 620, "question": "Are melanin granules within melanophages more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ca36f0b-8c63-4e76-92ea-83ccb8fe5719.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 621, "question": "Are hemosiderin pigments found in melanophages? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ca36f0b-8c63-4e76-92ea-83ccb8fe5719.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 622, "question": "Can hemosiderin pigment be identified in centroblasts? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ca36f0b-8c63-4e76-92ea-83ccb8fe5719.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 623, "question": "Is the uniformity of melanin granules within melanophages a distinguishing feature when compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ca36f0b-8c63-4e76-92ea-83ccb8fe5719.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 624, "question": "Are mononuclear tumor cells involved in hemosiderin accumulation in this pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "Hemosiderin accumulates in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery, referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells."} {"question_id": 625, "question": "Is the presence of ladybug or ladybird cells an indicator of hemosiderin accumulation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "Hemosiderin accumulates in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery, referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells."} {"question_id": 626, "question": "Are hemosiderin-laden cells typically found in the central region of the tumor mass?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "Hemosiderin accumulates in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery, referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells."} {"question_id": 627, "question": "Can hemosiderin accumulation be considered a hallmark of peripheral tumor cell involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_ed964c45-9360-49f2-9c3d-5c51a6c87885.jpg", "report": "Hemosiderin accumulates in mononuclear tumor cells around the periphery, referred to as ladybug or ladybird cells."} {"question_id": 628, "question": "Is the identification of the invasive component crucial in determining the treatment plan for carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "It is important to document the invasive component and the possible origin of the carcinoma."} {"question_id": 629, "question": "Should the origin of the carcinoma be ignored in the pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "It is important to document the invasive component and the possible origin of the carcinoma."} {"question_id": 630, "question": "Can the invasive component of carcinoma help in assessing the prognosis of the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "It is important to document the invasive component and the possible origin of the carcinoma."} {"question_id": 631, "question": "Is it unnecessary to document the invasive nature of carcinoma in the pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "It is important to document the invasive component and the possible origin of the carcinoma."} {"question_id": 632, "question": "Is the presence of invasive cancer in the chest pathology image indicative of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1d95b4a8-2919-46d4-9c9c-bb6bb361ce5c.jpg", "report": "Invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 633, "question": "Can invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland be considered a non-serious condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1d95b4a8-2919-46d4-9c9c-bb6bb361ce5c.jpg", "report": "Invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 634, "question": "Does the involvement of a previously benign gland suggest a progression of disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1d95b4a8-2919-46d4-9c9c-bb6bb361ce5c.jpg", "report": "Invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 635, "question": "Is it likely that the invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland can be easily misinterpreted as a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_1d95b4a8-2919-46d4-9c9c-bb6bb361ce5c.jpg", "report": "Invasive cancer colonizing a previously benign gland."} {"question_id": 636, "question": "Is pityriasis lichenoides chronica a chronic inflammatory skin condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 637, "question": "Does pityriasis lichenoides chronica typically present with pustules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 638, "question": "Are lymphocytes commonly seen in biopsy samples of pityriasis lichenoides chronica?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 639, "question": "Is pityriasis lichenoides chronica usually associated with bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 640, "question": "Is desmoplastic tricholemmoma characterized by a distinct morphology? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a5e8aca7-3eca-4702-9f56-0268c095f78a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 641, "question": "Does desmoplastic tricholemmoma have the same stroma as MAC (mucinous adenocarcinoma)? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a5e8aca7-3eca-4702-9f56-0268c095f78a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 642, "question": "Can desmoplastic tricholemmoma be differentiated from MAC based on its stroma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a5e8aca7-3eca-4702-9f56-0268c095f78a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 643, "question": "Is desmoplastic tricholemmoma a type of malignant tumor? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a5e8aca7-3eca-4702-9f56-0268c095f78a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 644, "question": "Is the vascular neoplasm characterized by dilated endothelial lined spaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 645, "question": "Does the vascular neoplasm exhibit a triphasic pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 646, "question": "Are the endothelial spaces in the vascular neoplasm dilated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 647, "question": "Can the vascular neoplasm be described as having a biphasic pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 648, "question": "Is PAS staining effective for diagnosing granular cell tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jSW3u54ZEfk_image_a3acdd1d-26c2-42d8-946f-de67860e39b1.jpg", "report": "Only about 30% of granular cell tumors show positive staining for PAS, making it an ineffective stain for diagnosis."} {"question_id": 649, "question": "Do granular cell tumors always show positive staining for PAS?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jSW3u54ZEfk_image_a3acdd1d-26c2-42d8-946f-de67860e39b1.jpg", "report": "Only about 30% of granular cell tumors show positive staining for PAS, making it an ineffective stain for diagnosis."} {"question_id": 650, "question": "Can a granular cell tumor sometimes show positive staining for PAS?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jSW3u54ZEfk_image_a3acdd1d-26c2-42d8-946f-de67860e39b1.jpg", "report": "Only about 30% of granular cell tumors show positive staining for PAS, making it an ineffective stain for diagnosis."} {"question_id": 651, "question": "Is PAS staining positive in less than half of granular cell tumor cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jSW3u54ZEfk_image_a3acdd1d-26c2-42d8-946f-de67860e39b1.jpg", "report": "Only about 30% of granular cell tumors show positive staining for PAS, making it an ineffective stain for diagnosis."} {"question_id": 652, "question": "Are the cells in the epithelial tumor arranged in interconnected cords and strands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 653, "question": "Does this histopathological description suggest a hematological malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 654, "question": "Can the tumor described be classified as an epithelial tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 655, "question": "Is the presence of interconnected cords and strands typical of a neuroendocrine tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 657, "question": "Does the tumor have a lesser myxoid bluish component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_cc9a027d-46a5-4375-ab50-73870409d944.jpg", "report": "Description of fibro and myxoid components of tumors, with a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component."} {"question_id": 658, "question": "Are the myxoid components the predominant feature of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_cc9a027d-46a5-4375-ab50-73870409d944.jpg", "report": "Description of fibro and myxoid components of tumors, with a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component."} {"question_id": 659, "question": "Can the tumor be classified as having only a fibrous pink component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_cc9a027d-46a5-4375-ab50-73870409d944.jpg", "report": "Description of fibro and myxoid components of tumors, with a predominantly fibrous pink component and a lesser myxoid bluish component."} {"question_id": 660, "question": "Do P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells."} {"question_id": 661, "question": "Are P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin markers used to identify squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells."} {"question_id": 662, "question": "Does P63 specifically highlight the luminal cells in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells."} {"question_id": 663, "question": "Is hemoglobin cytokeratin used to highlight only the surface epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_869c5468-faf3-4487-a43c-bbb6750545d5.jpg", "report": "P63 and hemoglobin cytokeratin highlight the basal cells."} {"question_id": 664, "question": "Is the lesion characterized by sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 665, "question": "Can the lesion be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 666, "question": "Is the lesion likely a sebaceoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 667, "question": "Is basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation a differential diagnosis to consider?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 668, "question": "Can heterochromatin be found in plasma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Heterochromatin and nucleoplasm can be identified in plasma cells."} {"question_id": 669, "question": "Is nucleoplasm a component of plasma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Heterochromatin and nucleoplasm can be identified in plasma cells."} {"question_id": 670, "question": "Are heterochromatin and nucleoplasm absent in plasma cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Heterochromatin and nucleoplasm can be identified in plasma cells."} {"question_id": 671, "question": "Are plasma cells devoid of any identifiable heterochromatin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Heterochromatin and nucleoplasm can be identified in plasma cells."} {"question_id": 672, "question": "Is multilobulated growth a characteristic feature of this tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_80d9c191-1c69-4c48-b896-3b788cf951ee.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 674, "question": "Is dense fibrosis observed in this tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_80d9c191-1c69-4c48-b896-3b788cf951ee.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 675, "question": "Are there any mentions of calcifications in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_80d9c191-1c69-4c48-b896-3b788cf951ee.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 676, "question": "Is Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma typically characterized by superficial involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2cc4bea4-52c8-4882-b007-26057577b0f4.jpg", "report": "A deeper biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of MAC (Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma) because the diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement."} {"question_id": 677, "question": "Can a deeper biopsy provide a more accurate diagnosis for Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2cc4bea4-52c8-4882-b007-26057577b0f4.jpg", "report": "A deeper biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of MAC (Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma) because the diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement."} {"question_id": 678, "question": "Is Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma diagnosed based on the depth of tissue involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2cc4bea4-52c8-4882-b007-26057577b0f4.jpg", "report": "A deeper biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of MAC (Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma) because the diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement."} {"question_id": 679, "question": "Is a shallow biopsy sufficient for diagnosing Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2cc4bea4-52c8-4882-b007-26057577b0f4.jpg", "report": "A deeper biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of MAC (Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma) because the diagnosis is based on the depth of involvement."} {"question_id": 680, "question": "Are the rosettes in the tumor described as collagen-rich?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 681, "question": "Does the tumor consist of cells resembling those found in neuroblastoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 682, "question": "Are the prominent round cells found at the center of the nodules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 683, "question": "Is the appearance of the tumor suggestive of a large cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 684, "question": "Is a combined melanocytic nevus composed of both common nevus cells and blue nevus cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 685, "question": "Are the cells in a combined melanocytic nevus typically malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 686, "question": "Can a combined melanocytic nevus present features that are characteristic of both benign and blue nevi?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 687, "question": "Is surgical excision always required for a combined melanocytic nevus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 688, "question": "Was the tissue sample prepared using an elliptical excision technique?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 689, "question": "Is the tissue sample described as being cut into cross-sections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 690, "question": "Was the tissue sample taken for histological examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 692, "question": "Is P63 staining typically used to identify prostatic adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Diffuse positive P63 staining expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma, also known as P63 prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 693, "question": "Does P63 staining show diffuse positive expression in all types of adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Diffuse positive P63 staining expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma, also known as P63 prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 694, "question": "Is P63 expression specific to prostate cancer cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Diffuse positive P63 staining expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma, also known as P63 prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 695, "question": "Can P63 staining be used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b0ad93d-afea-4b34-9971-f890eee96412.jpg", "report": "Diffuse positive P63 staining expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma, also known as P63 prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 696, "question": "Is muscle normally found in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 697, "question": "Can hyperplasia cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 698, "question": "Is muscle typically restricted to the muscularis mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 699, "question": "Does the presence of muscle in the lamina propria indicate a normal finding?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 700, "question": "Is IMHMV frequently observed in older females?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e5cecb68-5ee7-45aa-a1cb-bcf5886383ca.jpg", "report": "IMHMV is a condition commonly seen in young males, and may be due to fistula formation between the artery and vein, possibly caused by trauma."} {"question_id": 701, "question": "Can trauma be a potential cause of IMHMV?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e5cecb68-5ee7-45aa-a1cb-bcf5886383ca.jpg", "report": "IMHMV is a condition commonly seen in young males, and may be due to fistula formation between the artery and vein, possibly caused by trauma."} {"question_id": 702, "question": "Is the presence of a fistula between an artery and a vein a characteristic feature of IMHMV?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e5cecb68-5ee7-45aa-a1cb-bcf5886383ca.jpg", "report": "IMHMV is a condition commonly seen in young males, and may be due to fistula formation between the artery and vein, possibly caused by trauma."} {"question_id": 703, "question": "Is IMHMV typically caused by an infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e5cecb68-5ee7-45aa-a1cb-bcf5886383ca.jpg", "report": "IMHMV is a condition commonly seen in young males, and may be due to fistula formation between the artery and vein, possibly caused by trauma."} {"question_id": 704, "question": "Can atrophy in the chest pathology be influenced by the patient's age?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1071a4a6-9553-4086-90ce-c698e5b9f6e4.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 705, "question": "Is the number of glands in the chest pathology clearly defined in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1071a4a6-9553-4086-90ce-c698e5b9f6e4.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 706, "question": "Does gland size variability play a role in the observed atrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1071a4a6-9553-4086-90ce-c698e5b9f6e4.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 708, "question": "Is the internal elastic lamina absent in the given chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 709, "question": "Does the presence of the internal elastic lamina indicate a normal arterial structure in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 710, "question": "Can the absence of the internal elastic lamina be an indication of a pathological condition in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 711, "question": "Can high-grade dysplasia be seen in the same picture as normal epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 712, "question": "Does the presence of low-grade dysplasia indicate a more advanced pathology than high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 713, "question": "Is it possible to observe both low-grade and high-grade dysplasia in a single chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 714, "question": "Are all the cells in the image indicative of normal epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 715, "question": "Can EMA and Clodin-1 staining be used to diagnose perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 716, "question": "Do low-grade fibrosarcomas express Glut-1?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 717, "question": "Are EMA and Clodin-1 specific only to perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 718, "question": "Is Glut-1 staining helpful in the diagnosis of perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 719, "question": "Is psoriasiform hyperplasia observed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia is also present, but the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is favored over psoriasis."} {"question_id": 720, "question": "Does the pathology report favor psoriasis over seborrheic dermatitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia is also present, but the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is favored over psoriasis."} {"question_id": 721, "question": "Is seborrheic dermatitis considered a possible diagnosis based on the pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia is also present, but the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is favored over psoriasis."} {"question_id": 722, "question": "Is there no indication of psoriasiform hyperplasia in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia is also present, but the diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is favored over psoriasis."} {"question_id": 723, "question": "Is the cribriform pattern associated with a loose, edematous stroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_291b76ac-03b4-4785-b160-fbc9a7bc08fa.jpg", "report": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma."} {"question_id": 724, "question": "Does the vascular stroma in this report suggest an increased blood supply to the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_291b76ac-03b4-4785-b160-fbc9a7bc08fa.jpg", "report": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma."} {"question_id": 725, "question": "Is the cribriform pattern typically found in solid tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_291b76ac-03b4-4785-b160-fbc9a7bc08fa.jpg", "report": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma."} {"question_id": 726, "question": "Can the presence of loose, edematous stroma be indicative of a chronic inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_291b76ac-03b4-4785-b160-fbc9a7bc08fa.jpg", "report": "Cribriform pattern and loose, edematous, and vascular stroma."} {"question_id": 727, "question": "Are dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface typically seen in cases of pulmonary hypertension?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface is a finding that suggests a diagnosis."} {"question_id": 728, "question": "Can the presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface suggest a diagnosis of bronchiectasis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface is a finding that suggests a diagnosis."} {"question_id": 729, "question": "Is the finding of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface uncommon in chronic bronchitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface is a finding that suggests a diagnosis."} {"question_id": 730, "question": "Does the appearance of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface indicate a normal chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a2bbf82c-4704-4b6c-b9dc-1bbb2411ba4e.jpg", "report": "Presence of dilated vessels running parallel to the epithelial surface is a finding that suggests a diagnosis."} {"question_id": 731, "question": "Is muscularization in the lamina propria a specific indicator of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 732, "question": "Can muscularization in the lamina propria be seen in conditions other than chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 733, "question": "Does the presence of muscularization in the lamina propria necessitate further investigation for chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 734, "question": "Is the lamina propria typically devoid of muscularization in a healthy state?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 735, "question": "Does the tissue sample exhibit a variety of histologic changes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_753098ed-78a1-48fe-9161-c80014af8021.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging."} {"question_id": 736, "question": "Is the diagnosis straightforward based on the histologic changes in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_753098ed-78a1-48fe-9161-c80014af8021.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging."} {"question_id": 737, "question": "Can the spectrum of histologic changes in the tissue sample complicate the diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_753098ed-78a1-48fe-9161-c80014af8021.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging."} {"question_id": 738, "question": "Is there only one type of histologic change observed in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_753098ed-78a1-48fe-9161-c80014af8021.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample shows a spectrum of histologic changes that can make diagnosis challenging."} {"question_id": 739, "question": "Can chemotherapy associated colitis be mistaken for inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 740, "question": "Is chemotherapy associated colitis a condition that affects the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 741, "question": "Does chemotherapy associated colitis involve inflammation of the bowel?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 742, "question": "Is chemotherapy associated colitis a common side effect of radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Chemotherapy associated colitis can mimic inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 743, "question": "Is MUC4 stain used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 744, "question": "Does cellular intramuscular myxoma typically present with significant nuclear atypia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 745, "question": "Can the absence of MUC4 staining exclude the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 746, "question": "Is cellular intramuscular myxoma commonly associated with a high mitotic rate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_9663f836-2793-4daf-9f55-9b76c5b0cf75.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 747, "question": "Is the lumen of the vessel narrowed in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "Thick vessel wall with narrowing of lumen seen in high power."} {"question_id": 748, "question": "Can the thickening of the vessel wall be observed under low power magnification?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "Thick vessel wall with narrowing of lumen seen in high power."} {"question_id": 749, "question": "Does the thickening of the vessel wall contribute to the narrowing of the lumen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "Thick vessel wall with narrowing of lumen seen in high power."} {"question_id": 750, "question": "Is the vessel wall thickness normal in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_febb4bba-96f0-4103-8059-ff8932c75cdf.jpg", "report": "Thick vessel wall with narrowing of lumen seen in high power."} {"question_id": 751, "question": "Can pigmented Bowen’s disease resemble benign skin conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_50f66f5c-c802-4748-adb4-a891c25cb444.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 752, "question": "Is orderly maturation a key factor in differentiating pigmented Bowen’s disease from squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_50f66f5c-c802-4748-adb4-a891c25cb444.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 753, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen’s disease typically characterized by the presence of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_50f66f5c-c802-4748-adb4-a891c25cb444.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 754, "question": "Is the differentiation of pigmented Bowen’s disease from other conditions important for accurate diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_50f66f5c-c802-4748-adb4-a891c25cb444.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 755, "question": "Are crescents in the glomerulus indicative of severe kidney damage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_855adbc7-421b-462d-ab24-4af597a7fa2b.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 756, "question": "Are fibrous cellular crescents made up solely of fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_855adbc7-421b-462d-ab24-4af597a7fa2b.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 757, "question": "Can the presence of both fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents be observed in a single glomerulus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_855adbc7-421b-462d-ab24-4af597a7fa2b.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 758, "question": "Are crescents typically found outside the glomerulus in kidney pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_855adbc7-421b-462d-ab24-4af597a7fa2b.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 759, "question": "Is epithelial metaplasia present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 760, "question": "Does the lesion exhibit pseudoepithelial metaplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 761, "question": "Is there evidence of hyperplasia in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 762, "question": "Are epithelial cells absent in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 763, "question": "Is the lesion characterized by granulomatous abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 764, "question": "Are dyskeratotic keratinocytes present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 765, "question": "Is porokeratosis ruled out in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 766, "question": "Is the lesion localized and circumscribed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 767, "question": "Is FUS-DDIT3 the most common translocation found in myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c791c0e5-57ad-4c79-8493-6dacad209618.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 768, "question": "Are translocations in myxoid liposarcoma typically associated with FUS-DDIT3?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c791c0e5-57ad-4c79-8493-6dacad209618.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 769, "question": "Can translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma occur without FUS-DDIT3?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c791c0e5-57ad-4c79-8493-6dacad209618.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 770, "question": "Is the FUS-DDIT3 translocation exclusive to myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c791c0e5-57ad-4c79-8493-6dacad209618.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 771, "question": "Are the glands in the chest pathology image uniformly sized and shaped?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 772, "question": "Does the variation in gland distribution suggest an acute condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 773, "question": "Can the irregular gland morphology be indicative of a chronic process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 774, "question": "Is the observed condition likely to be a recent development?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 775, "question": "Is H. pylori typically found in the stomach lumen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 776, "question": "Does the presence of H. pylori in the stomach always indicate an active infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 777, "question": "Can H. pylori be associated with the development of gastric ulcers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 778, "question": "Is H. pylori infection usually asymptomatic in all patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 779, "question": "Is a combined melanocytic nevus characterized by features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 780, "question": "Are the cells in a combined melanocytic nevus typically malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 781, "question": "Can a combined melanocytic nevus contain both pigmented and non-pigmented areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 782, "question": "Is a combined melanocytic nevus usually associated with a high risk of melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 783, "question": "Are melanophages typically found in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4ef5f72f-08fe-425e-b264-7a8376fe57f9.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 784, "question": "Are melanophages responsible for producing melanin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4ef5f72f-08fe-425e-b264-7a8376fe57f9.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 785, "question": "Can the presence of heavily pigmented melanophages indicate a previous hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4ef5f72f-08fe-425e-b264-7a8376fe57f9.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 786, "question": "Do heavily pigmented melanophages suggest the presence of melanin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4ef5f72f-08fe-425e-b264-7a8376fe57f9.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 787, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 788, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma typically a high-grade tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 789, "question": "Are both low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma considered soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 790, "question": "Is the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma characterized by a high rate of metastasis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7cea0913-e476-4f9a-8b1b-a61bc5b81a7b.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 791, "question": "Are cribriform glands at the edge of a core indicative of a high-grade tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 792, "question": "Do cribriform glands at the edge of a core typically indicate a low-grade tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 793, "question": "Can the presence of cribriform glands at the edge of a core suggest a poor prognosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 794, "question": "Is the appearance of cribriform glands at the edge of a core usually associated with benign conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 795, "question": "Is the presence of neutrophils on the epithelium indicative of active inflammation in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 796, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in the inflammation described?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 798, "question": "Can the presence of neutrophils in the stomach epithelium be a sign of an ongoing infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_106ad5eb-cc4c-4670-b26e-1ee0397de984.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 799, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin found in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b967e7cf-8e2d-4ad6-9e07-120166272435.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 800, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b967e7cf-8e2d-4ad6-9e07-120166272435.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 801, "question": "Can the presence of hemocyanin indicate previous hemorrhage or blood breakdown in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b967e7cf-8e2d-4ad6-9e07-120166272435.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 802, "question": "Are eosinophils prominently featured in this lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b967e7cf-8e2d-4ad6-9e07-120166272435.jpg", "report": "Pigmented histiocytes containing hemocyanin are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 803, "question": "Are the round organisms observed in the periphery of histiocytes about one to two microns in diameter?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "report": "Round organisms at the periphery of histiocytes are about one to two microns in diameter."} {"question_id": 804, "question": "Are the round organisms larger than five microns in diameter?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "report": "Round organisms at the periphery of histiocytes are about one to two microns in diameter."} {"question_id": 805, "question": "Can the presence of round organisms in histiocytes indicate a fungal infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "report": "Round organisms at the periphery of histiocytes are about one to two microns in diameter."} {"question_id": 806, "question": "Are the round organisms typically found within the nucleus of histiocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ea64ba0e-0739-4808-8bc0-2186caddb7f0.jpg", "report": "Round organisms at the periphery of histiocytes are about one to two microns in diameter."} {"question_id": 807, "question": "Are interconnected cords and strands indicative of a cribriform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Interconnected cords and strands with a cribriform pattern are observed."} {"question_id": 808, "question": "Does a cribriform pattern suggest the absence of any organized structure in the tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Interconnected cords and strands with a cribriform pattern are observed."} {"question_id": 809, "question": "Can the observation of interconnected cords and strands be associated with adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Interconnected cords and strands with a cribriform pattern are observed."} {"question_id": 810, "question": "Is the presence of a cribriform pattern typically seen in benign lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Interconnected cords and strands with a cribriform pattern are observed."} {"question_id": 811, "question": "Is atypical fibroxanthoma considered a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "report": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant tumor that does not arise from muscle cells."} {"question_id": 812, "question": "Does atypical fibroxanthoma arise from muscle cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "report": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant tumor that does not arise from muscle cells."} {"question_id": 813, "question": "Can atypical fibroxanthoma be categorized as a type of sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "report": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant tumor that does not arise from muscle cells."} {"question_id": 814, "question": "Is atypical fibroxanthoma typically found in sun-exposed areas of the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8aba35ce-9548-4687-84be-cb4024c91599.jpg", "report": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant tumor that does not arise from muscle cells."} {"question_id": 815, "question": "Is metastatic melanoma often found in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e0744ed1-9acb-4606-9ddb-9b899986c724.jpg", "report": "Metastatic melanoma may not involve epidermis and is usually as deep as it is wide."} {"question_id": 816, "question": "Can metastatic melanoma be as deep as it is wide?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e0744ed1-9acb-4606-9ddb-9b899986c724.jpg", "report": "Metastatic melanoma may not involve epidermis and is usually as deep as it is wide."} {"question_id": 817, "question": "Is it common for metastatic melanoma to be limited to the superficial layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e0744ed1-9acb-4606-9ddb-9b899986c724.jpg", "report": "Metastatic melanoma may not involve epidermis and is usually as deep as it is wide."} {"question_id": 818, "question": "Does metastatic melanoma typically involve the deeper layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e0744ed1-9acb-4606-9ddb-9b899986c724.jpg", "report": "Metastatic melanoma may not involve epidermis and is usually as deep as it is wide."} {"question_id": 819, "question": "Is chronic atrophic gastritis characterized by the thinning of the gastric mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 820, "question": "Does chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia involve the presence of goblet cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 821, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a feature commonly seen in healthy gastric tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 822, "question": "Can chronic atrophic gastritis lead to an increased risk of gastric cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 823, "question": "Do coalescing masses of granuloma suggest the presence of an infectious process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Coalescing masses of granuloma expanding the lamina propria may indicate an infectious process or sarcoidosis rather than Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 824, "question": "Are coalescing masses of granuloma more indicative of Crohn’s disease than sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Coalescing masses of granuloma expanding the lamina propria may indicate an infectious process or sarcoidosis rather than Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 825, "question": "Can granulomas expanding the lamina propria be a sign of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Coalescing masses of granuloma expanding the lamina propria may indicate an infectious process or sarcoidosis rather than Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 826, "question": "Is it likely that coalescing granulomas in the lamina propria are unrelated to any infectious process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Coalescing masses of granuloma expanding the lamina propria may indicate an infectious process or sarcoidosis rather than Crohn’s disease."} {"question_id": 827, "question": "Is P63 a nuclear stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The only positive stain is the nuclear stain P63."} {"question_id": 829, "question": "Is P63 staining typically associated with epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The only positive stain is the nuclear stain P63."} {"question_id": 831, "question": "Can the lesion occur on the fifth digit of the hand?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 832, "question": "Is the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit a common site for this lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 833, "question": "Does the lesion typically occur on the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 834, "question": "Can the lesion be present on both hands simultaneously?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 835, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia associated with inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_faaab02b-3102-4bb5-97d5-34e3a51d298c.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 836, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be easily identified without difficulty in all cases of inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_faaab02b-3102-4bb5-97d5-34e3a51d298c.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 837, "question": "Does pyloric gland metaplasia occur in the gastric mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_faaab02b-3102-4bb5-97d5-34e3a51d298c.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 838, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia exclusive to cases of Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_faaab02b-3102-4bb5-97d5-34e3a51d298c.jpg", "report": "The finding of pyloric gland metaplasia can be difficult to spot in cases of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 839, "question": "Do the cells in the chest pathology image exhibit prominent nucleoli?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 840, "question": "Is the NC (nuclear-cytoplasmic) ratio high in the cells observed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 841, "question": "Are the prominent nucleoli indicative of an underlying malignancy in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 842, "question": "Could the low NC ratio suggest a benign process in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 843, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show evidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The presence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with some conventional and necrotic patterns."} {"question_id": 844, "question": "Is the primary location of the adenocarcinoma in the lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The presence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with some conventional and necrotic patterns."} {"question_id": 845, "question": "Are there necrotic patterns observed in the adenocarcinoma cells in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The presence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with some conventional and necrotic patterns."} {"question_id": 846, "question": "Is the adenocarcinoma of the prostate displaying solely conventional patterns without any necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_9901ed20-bb96-4693-9cc1-725d57dbf57d.jpg", "report": "The presence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with some conventional and necrotic patterns."} {"question_id": 847, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cancer cells typically associated with a worse prognosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f9ff777a-e3c6-475c-8473-886905465b82.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 848, "question": "Are the cancer cells in this report described as well-differentiated?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f9ff777a-e3c6-475c-8473-886905465b82.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 849, "question": "Is the submucosa a common site for cancer cell invasion in various types of cancers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f9ff777a-e3c6-475c-8473-886905465b82.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 850, "question": "Can poorly differentiated cancer cells be indicative of a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f9ff777a-e3c6-475c-8473-886905465b82.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 851, "question": "Does desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP) exhibit honeycomb morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "Honeycomb morphology is a clue to the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 852, "question": "Is desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP) primarily associated with lymphocyte proliferation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "Honeycomb morphology is a clue to the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 853, "question": "Can honeycomb morphology be used as a diagnostic clue for desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "Honeycomb morphology is a clue to the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 854, "question": "Is desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP) characterized by a lack of fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "Honeycomb morphology is a clue to the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 855, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas known to exhibit a swirling growth pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 856, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas be easily mistaken for perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 857, "question": "Do low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 858, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas typically high-grade tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 859, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate typically caused by invasion of adjacent invasive tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor."} {"question_id": 860, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate primarily a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor."} {"question_id": 861, "question": "Can intraductal carcinoma of the prostate be associated with colonization by invasive tumor cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor."} {"question_id": 862, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate generally confined to the prostate ducts without any external invasion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually due to invasion, colonization by adjacent invasive tumor."} {"question_id": 863, "question": "Does the lesion tend to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 864, "question": "Is the lesion typically found on the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 865, "question": "Can the lesion be bilateral?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 866, "question": "Does the lesion generally avoid the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 867, "question": "Are melanocytes forming nests in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 868, "question": "Is there evidence of melanocytes extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 869, "question": "Are the melanocytes located only in the basal layer of the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 871, "question": "Are the melanocytes in the specimen described as atypical?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ac0d9a67-6f97-4a09-b8a8-4b4299ed5ec3.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 872, "question": "Are the melanocytes present within the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ac0d9a67-6f97-4a09-b8a8-4b4299ed5ec3.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 873, "question": "Does the specimen show any signs of malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ac0d9a67-6f97-4a09-b8a8-4b4299ed5ec3.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 874, "question": "Are the melanocytes described as banal appearing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ac0d9a67-6f97-4a09-b8a8-4b4299ed5ec3.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 875, "question": "Are adenomatous changes with dysplasia seen in the GI tract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8066977d-350b-47ac-92f1-c9b71d448dfa.jpg", "report": "Adenomatous changes with low-grade or high-grade dysplasia are seen in the GI tract, while dysplastic changes with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia are seen in other organs."} {"question_id": 876, "question": "Can high-grade dysplasia occur in organs outside of the GI tract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8066977d-350b-47ac-92f1-c9b71d448dfa.jpg", "report": "Adenomatous changes with low-grade or high-grade dysplasia are seen in the GI tract, while dysplastic changes with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia are seen in other organs."} {"question_id": 877, "question": "Are dysplastic changes exclusive to the GI tract?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8066977d-350b-47ac-92f1-c9b71d448dfa.jpg", "report": "Adenomatous changes with low-grade or high-grade dysplasia are seen in the GI tract, while dysplastic changes with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia are seen in other organs."} {"question_id": 878, "question": "Is low-grade dysplasia only observed in the GI tract?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8066977d-350b-47ac-92f1-c9b71d448dfa.jpg", "report": "Adenomatous changes with low-grade or high-grade dysplasia are seen in the GI tract, while dysplastic changes with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia are seen in other organs."} {"question_id": 879, "question": "Is granulomatous rosacea characterized by the presence of granulomas in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Granulomatous rosacea is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 880, "question": "Is granulomatous rosacea typically associated with bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Granulomatous rosacea is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 881, "question": "Can granulomatous rosacea present with erythematous papules and pustules on the face?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Granulomatous rosacea is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 882, "question": "Is granulomatous rosacea known to predominantly affect the respiratory system?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Granulomatous rosacea is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 883, "question": "Can some sarcomas metastasize as late as 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_23701937-42d3-4de6-886e-e93e779aa5e6.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 884, "question": "Is the median time to metastasis for this particular tumor 5 years?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_23701937-42d3-4de6-886e-e93e779aa5e6.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 885, "question": "Does this tumor typically behave differently than other sarcomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_23701937-42d3-4de6-886e-e93e779aa5e6.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 886, "question": "Is it common for this tumor to metastasize within the first year after diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_23701937-42d3-4de6-886e-e93e779aa5e6.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 887, "question": "Is CD20 IHC strongly positive in non-Hodgkin lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 888, "question": "Can a strongly positive CD20 IHC result suggest a diffuse large B cell type lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 889, "question": "Is CD20 IHC commonly negative in non-Hodgkin lymphoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 890, "question": "Does a strong CD20 IHC positivity rule out the possibility of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 891, "question": "Is cellular intramuscular myxoma characterized by a high density of fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 892, "question": "Can cellular intramuscular myxoma be challenging to differentiate from more cellular areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 893, "question": "Are the fibrous areas in cellular intramuscular myxoma typically less cellular than the myxoid areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 894, "question": "Is cellular intramuscular myxoma predominantly an extra-muscular tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 895, "question": "Do monomorphic nuclei appear similar to each other in histology slides?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_136f5416-06d5-4fa2-8dab-0fb003f57369.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 896, "question": "Can monomorphic nuclei patterns be indicative of benign processes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_136f5416-06d5-4fa2-8dab-0fb003f57369.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 897, "question": "Are monomorphic nuclear patterns commonly found in highly pleomorphic tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_136f5416-06d5-4fa2-8dab-0fb003f57369.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 898, "question": "Is the presence of monomorphic nuclei sufficient alone to diagnose malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_136f5416-06d5-4fa2-8dab-0fb003f57369.jpg", "report": "Explanation of different nuclear patterns seen on histology slides, including monomorphic nuclei where all nuclei appear similar to each other."} {"question_id": 899, "question": "Does the infiltrate in the biopsy extend into the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 900, "question": "Is the infiltrate confined only to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 901, "question": "Can the infiltrate be observed filling the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 902, "question": "Is the infiltrate limited to the superficial layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 903, "question": "Are lymphocytes present in the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 904, "question": "Is there evidence of duct formation within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 905, "question": "Are neutrophils the predominant cell type in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 906, "question": "Is the presence of lymphocytes uncommon in this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 907, "question": "Is a rudimentary supernumerary digit an additional finger or toe that is underdeveloped? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 908, "question": "Is a rudimentary supernumerary digit typically functional? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 909, "question": "Can a rudimentary supernumerary digit be present at birth? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 910, "question": "Is a rudimentary supernumerary digit usually associated with severe genetic disorders? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 911, "question": "Can a combined melanocytic nevus exhibit features of a common or benign nevus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 912, "question": "Does a combined melanocytic nevus also show characteristics of a blue nevus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 913, "question": "Is a combined melanocytic nevus considered malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 914, "question": "Are combined melanocytic nevi exclusively found in older adults?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_359fb1b6-fa83-4703-974b-2bbcc5a627f0.jpg", "report": "Combined melanocytic nevus with features of both a common or benign nevus and a blue nevus."} {"question_id": 915, "question": "Are neutrophils in the epithelium indicative of cryptitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 916, "question": "Can cryptitis be associated with H. pylori infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 917, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells indicating cryptitis in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 918, "question": "Is cryptitis exclusively caused by H. pylori infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 919, "question": "Is MAC characterized by squamous morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 920, "question": "Can MAC be easily mistaken for a desmoplastic tricholemmoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 921, "question": "Is syringoma typically associated with squamous morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 922, "question": "Does desmoplastic tricholemmoma exhibit morphology similar to syringoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 923, "question": "Does the presence of prominent lymphoid aggregates suggest a possible inflammatory condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "Architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates, and Paneth cell metaplasia may indicate inflammatory bowel disease or diversion colitis."} {"question_id": 924, "question": "Are Paneth cells typically found in the lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "Architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates, and Paneth cell metaplasia may indicate inflammatory bowel disease or diversion colitis."} {"question_id": 925, "question": "Can architectural distortion in chest pathology indicate an underlying chronic inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "Architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates, and Paneth cell metaplasia may indicate inflammatory bowel disease or diversion colitis."} {"question_id": 926, "question": "Is diversion colitis associated with the respiratory system?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "Architectural distortion, prominent lymphoid aggregates, and Paneth cell metaplasia may indicate inflammatory bowel disease or diversion colitis."} {"question_id": 927, "question": "Is there a nodular infiltrate present in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 928, "question": "Are the cells in the central area of the nodular infiltrate staining darker than those at the periphery?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 929, "question": "Is the infiltrate characterized by clear spaces centrally?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 930, "question": "Are the darker staining cells located centrally within the nodular infiltrate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_f1801b51-f6e9-4f7c-903c-1448201290c2.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 931, "question": "Does the tissue sample contain nail bed epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 932, "question": "Is the matrix epithelium absent in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 933, "question": "Can the presence of nail bed and matrix epithelium be associated with nail disorders?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 935, "question": "Does this type of tumor exhibit perineural invasion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ef0792c-d1b8-4de0-a1fd-16a0557d2051.jpg", "report": "This type of tumor does not exhibit perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 936, "question": "Is perineural invasion a characteristic feature of this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ef0792c-d1b8-4de0-a1fd-16a0557d2051.jpg", "report": "This type of tumor does not exhibit perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 937, "question": "Can we rule out perineural invasion in this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ef0792c-d1b8-4de0-a1fd-16a0557d2051.jpg", "report": "This type of tumor does not exhibit perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 938, "question": "Is reticular connective tissue located underneath epithelial tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Reticular connective tissue is found underneath all epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 939, "question": "Does reticular connective tissue form the outermost layer of epithelial tissue? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Reticular connective tissue is found underneath all epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 940, "question": "Can reticular connective tissue support epithelial tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Reticular connective tissue is found underneath all epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 941, "question": "Is reticular connective tissue composed of a dense matrix of collagen fibers? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "Reticular connective tissue is found underneath all epithelial tissue."} {"question_id": 942, "question": "Is the nodular infiltrate located in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_da8f5777-05ab-42a2-aa28-5a3ebba66391.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 943, "question": "Are the cells at the periphery of the nodular infiltrate lighter staining than those centrally?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_da8f5777-05ab-42a2-aa28-5a3ebba66391.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 944, "question": "Are there clear spaces present centrally within the nodular infiltrate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_da8f5777-05ab-42a2-aa28-5a3ebba66391.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 945, "question": "Is the nodular infiltrate likely to be primarily composed of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_da8f5777-05ab-42a2-aa28-5a3ebba66391.jpg", "report": "Nodular infiltrate in the dermis with clear spaces centrally and darker staining cells at the periphery."} {"question_id": 946, "question": "Can the tuberculoid form of leprosy cause non-granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 947, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation a possible manifestation of the tuberculoid form of leprosy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 948, "question": "Does the tuberculoid form of leprosy result in the formation of non-caseating granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 949, "question": "Is the lepromatous form of leprosy associated with sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e51a876a-6b32-4cb6-8b7b-25b3f8e6b479.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 950, "question": "Does CMV infection primarily affect mesenchymal derived cells initially?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f812ec50-bd85-4cd2-9331-14ea1298939e.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 951, "question": "Are endothelial cells and fibroblasts affected by CMV infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f812ec50-bd85-4cd2-9331-14ea1298939e.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 952, "question": "Does CMV infection lead to vasculitis and ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f812ec50-bd85-4cd2-9331-14ea1298939e.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 953, "question": "Are the nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in CMV infection indicative of bacterial origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f812ec50-bd85-4cd2-9331-14ea1298939e.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 954, "question": "Does pityriasis lichenoides chronica typically present with chronic, scaly skin lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c8f1c057-4f32-4953-9485-51e33ded345a.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 955, "question": "Are the lesions in pityriasis lichenoides chronica usually confined to the chest area?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c8f1c057-4f32-4953-9485-51e33ded345a.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 956, "question": "Can pityriasis lichenoides chronica be associated with lymphocytic infiltrates in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c8f1c057-4f32-4953-9485-51e33ded345a.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 957, "question": "Is pityriasis lichenoides chronica considered an acute dermatological condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c8f1c057-4f32-4953-9485-51e33ded345a.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 958, "question": "Can sarcoidosis cause the formation of granulomas in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 959, "question": "Are granulomas a permanent feature in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 960, "question": "Was the patient's sarcoidosis effectively treated, as evidenced by subsequent biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 961, "question": "Do subsequent biopsies show the presence of granulomas in the patient?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 962, "question": "Is the lesion characterized by a collection of dilated vascular spaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_44ce97d9-5997-4adb-a80a-2e2ee7c81a7c.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 963, "question": "Are the vascular spaces in the lesion lined by flat endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_44ce97d9-5997-4adb-a80a-2e2ee7c81a7c.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 964, "question": "Does the lesion exhibit papillary projections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_44ce97d9-5997-4adb-a80a-2e2ee7c81a7c.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 965, "question": "Is the neoplasm described as having a triphasic pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_44ce97d9-5997-4adb-a80a-2e2ee7c81a7c.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 966, "question": "Are the melanocytes within the dermis showing atypical features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 967, "question": "Is the presence of banal appearing melanocytes within the dermis suggestive of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 968, "question": "Can the banal appearing melanocytes within the dermis indicate melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 969, "question": "Are the melanocytes in this specimen indicative of a malignant process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 970, "question": "Does the lesion typically occur on the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 971, "question": "Is the lesion commonly found on the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 972, "question": "Can the lesion be bilateral?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 973, "question": "Is the lesion restricted to a single hand?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 974, "question": "Are immune cells present throughout the dermis in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "report": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells."} {"question_id": 975, "question": "Are the collections of immune cells surrounded by a wide cuff of mononuclear cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "report": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells."} {"question_id": 976, "question": "Does the pathology image indicate the presence of mononuclear cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "report": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells."} {"question_id": 977, "question": "Are the immune cells confined to the epidermis in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_76a7e23e-ea5d-4876-81e3-95755ad3101d.jpg", "report": "Collections of immune cells are present throughout the dermis, surrounded by a narrow cuff of mononuclear cells."} {"question_id": 978, "question": "Can peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure result in the compression of the glomerulus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_af6baf36-21c1-4ead-89f1-558f577cb4e4.jpg", "report": "Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus, leading to the formation of a crescent."} {"question_id": 979, "question": "Is the formation of a crescent due to peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure a common occurrence?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_af6baf36-21c1-4ead-89f1-558f577cb4e4.jpg", "report": "Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus, leading to the formation of a crescent."} {"question_id": 980, "question": "Does peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure directly affect the dermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_af6baf36-21c1-4ead-89f1-558f577cb4e4.jpg", "report": "Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus, leading to the formation of a crescent."} {"question_id": 981, "question": "Can peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure lead to changes in kidney structure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_af6baf36-21c1-4ead-89f1-558f577cb4e4.jpg", "report": "Peritoneal epithelial hyperpressure can compress the glomerulus, leading to the formation of a crescent."} {"question_id": 982, "question": "Does prostate cancer typically have sharp luminal borders?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3a278ee7-85de-4e68-9956-e24372331084.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 983, "question": "Is the presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands considered a worrisome sign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3a278ee7-85de-4e68-9956-e24372331084.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 984, "question": "Can the presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands be a reassuring sign?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3a278ee7-85de-4e68-9956-e24372331084.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 985, "question": "Are sharp luminal borders in prostate glands indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3a278ee7-85de-4e68-9956-e24372331084.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 986, "question": "Can reactive cytologic atypia be caused by chemotherapy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation."} {"question_id": 987, "question": "Is reactive cytologic atypia exclusively seen in untreated patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation."} {"question_id": 988, "question": "Can reactive cytologic atypia occur due to radiation treatment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation."} {"question_id": 989, "question": "Does reactive cytologic atypia always indicate malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7d5336a2-b407-43a5-865b-ee33a577ea03.jpg", "report": "Reactive cytologic atypia can be seen in cases of treatment effect, such as chemotherapy or radiation."} {"question_id": 990, "question": "Are the glands in some areas of the chest pathology image atrophic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_adc28341-9f87-429b-98cd-8930d149ff80.jpg", "report": "The glands in some areas appear atrophic and have prominent cell nuclei, while in other areas they appear bland and have less prominent nuclei."} {"question_id": 991, "question": "Do all the glands in the chest pathology image exhibit prominent cell nuclei?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_adc28341-9f87-429b-98cd-8930d149ff80.jpg", "report": "The glands in some areas appear atrophic and have prominent cell nuclei, while in other areas they appear bland and have less prominent nuclei."} {"question_id": 992, "question": "Are there areas within the chest pathology image where the glands appear bland with less prominent nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_adc28341-9f87-429b-98cd-8930d149ff80.jpg", "report": "The glands in some areas appear atrophic and have prominent cell nuclei, while in other areas they appear bland and have less prominent nuclei."} {"question_id": 993, "question": "Do the glands in the chest pathology image uniformly exhibit atrophic features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_adc28341-9f87-429b-98cd-8930d149ff80.jpg", "report": "The glands in some areas appear atrophic and have prominent cell nuclei, while in other areas they appear bland and have less prominent nuclei."} {"question_id": 994, "question": "Is the lesion symmetrical?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8881ae2e-2460-4641-8ebe-08c0de40ed9e.jpg", "report": "The lesion is asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed, and goes deep."} {"question_id": 995, "question": "Is the lesion poorly circumscribed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8881ae2e-2460-4641-8ebe-08c0de40ed9e.jpg", "report": "The lesion is asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed, and goes deep."} {"question_id": 996, "question": "Does the lesion extend deeply?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8881ae2e-2460-4641-8ebe-08c0de40ed9e.jpg", "report": "The lesion is asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed, and goes deep."} {"question_id": 997, "question": "Is the lesion well-defined?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8881ae2e-2460-4641-8ebe-08c0de40ed9e.jpg", "report": "The lesion is asymmetrical, poorly circumscribed, and goes deep."} {"question_id": 998, "question": "Can granulomas be caused by tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1d23a123-faf8-4547-ba27-188309145df0.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 999, "question": "Are granulomas only caused by bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1d23a123-faf8-4547-ba27-188309145df0.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1000, "question": "Can fungal infections lead to the formation of granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1d23a123-faf8-4547-ba27-188309145df0.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1001, "question": "Are granulomas exclusively indicative of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_1d23a123-faf8-4547-ba27-188309145df0.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1002, "question": "Is molluscum contagiosum caused by a bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_6f1bab13-6de6-48e6-9619-e8183c2352b6.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 1003, "question": "Can molluscum contagiosum lesions be diagnosed through a skin biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_6f1bab13-6de6-48e6-9619-e8183c2352b6.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 1004, "question": "Are molluscum contagiosum lesions typically filled with pus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_6f1bab13-6de6-48e6-9619-e8183c2352b6.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 1005, "question": "Is molluscum contagiosum considered a contagious viral infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "1DP288T6QqU_image_6f1bab13-6de6-48e6-9619-e8183c2352b6.jpg", "report": "A skin biopsy has been completely excised and the lesion is diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum, which is a contagious virus."} {"question_id": 1006, "question": "Are ganglion cells a normal component in the submucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c0bd25a7-9df4-46e4-9c52-8709b5207449.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy."} {"question_id": 1007, "question": "Can ganglion cells in the submucosa be mistaken for malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c0bd25a7-9df4-46e4-9c52-8709b5207449.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy."} {"question_id": 1008, "question": "Are ganglion cells found exclusively in malignant tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c0bd25a7-9df4-46e4-9c52-8709b5207449.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy."} {"question_id": 1009, "question": "Is the presence of ganglion cells in the submucosa typically a cause for concern in a pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c0bd25a7-9df4-46e4-9c52-8709b5207449.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells in the submucosa are a normal component and may be mistaken for malignancy."} {"question_id": 1010, "question": "Are there melanocytes present in the matrix layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1011, "question": "Do the melanocytes form nests in the matrix layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1012, "question": "Are the melanocytes limited to the basal layer of the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1013, "question": "Is the pagetoid pattern of melanocyte extension observed in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1014, "question": "Is evidence of maturation with depth associated with benign processes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 1015, "question": "Does the presence of mitotic pairs suggest cellular proliferation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 1016, "question": "Are mitotic pairs necessary for confirming a malignant process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 1017, "question": "Can maturation with depth be indicative of a well-differentiated tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 1018, "question": "Are clefts between the epithelium and stroma present in basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1020, "question": "Can the absence of clefting between the epithelium and stroma help differentiate these lesions from basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1022, "question": "Can perineurioma be mistaken for a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can be histologic mimics of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1023, "question": "Are perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas histologically distinct from each other?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can be histologic mimics of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1024, "question": "Is it necessary to differentiate between perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in a pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can be histologic mimics of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1025, "question": "Do perineuriomas typically present with high-grade cellular features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can be histologic mimics of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1026, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate linked with low-grade invasive cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6201890b-5220-4475-a935-214bc290131a.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1027, "question": "Does intraductal carcinoma of the prostate often present with high-volume cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6201890b-5220-4475-a935-214bc290131a.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1028, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate associated with high-grade cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6201890b-5220-4475-a935-214bc290131a.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1029, "question": "Can intraductal carcinoma of the prostate be considered a non-invasive cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6201890b-5220-4475-a935-214bc290131a.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1030, "question": "Are nodules around joints commonly observed in gout?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_efe17185-babf-4805-a5af-7bc44ac4c0bc.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1031, "question": "Can rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause nodules around joints?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_efe17185-babf-4805-a5af-7bc44ac4c0bc.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1032, "question": "Is osteoarthritis (OE) associated with nodules around joints?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_efe17185-babf-4805-a5af-7bc44ac4c0bc.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1033, "question": "Are nodules around joints exclusive to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_efe17185-babf-4805-a5af-7bc44ac4c0bc.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1034, "question": "Does Spear adenoma show differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Spear adenoma is a glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland."} {"question_id": 1035, "question": "Is Spear adenoma a type of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Spear adenoma is a glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland."} {"question_id": 1036, "question": "Can Spear adenoma be classified as a glandular neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Spear adenoma is a glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland."} {"question_id": 1037, "question": "Are Spear adenomas characterized by non-glandular tissue differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Spear adenoma is a glandular neoplasm that shows differentiation towards the secretory component of a gland."} {"question_id": 1038, "question": "Are dyskeratotic cells observed within the basal layer in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "report": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process."} {"question_id": 1039, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate an acute process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "report": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process."} {"question_id": 1040, "question": "Is a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes present within the papillary dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "report": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process."} {"question_id": 1041, "question": "Is there evidence of pronounced basal cell change along the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "report": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process."} {"question_id": 1042, "question": "Are eosinophils the primary infiltrate in the papillary dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f44da027-db54-40c6-bdda-1d04c3a93681.jpg", "report": "Presence of pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ, scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer, and a patchy band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes within the papillary dermis, indicating a chronic process."} {"question_id": 1043, "question": "Are the lymphomatous cells infiltrating the smooth muscle bundles in the wall of the small bowel? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_8adc79e0-8010-43ae-9d68-b581f21e28ee.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1044, "question": "Does the infiltration of lymphomatous cells in the small bowel wall lead to an abnormal appearance of the mucosa? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_8adc79e0-8010-43ae-9d68-b581f21e28ee.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1045, "question": "Is the ulceration of the mucosa caused by infiltration of histiocytes? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_8adc79e0-8010-43ae-9d68-b581f21e28ee.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1046, "question": "Can smooth muscle bundles in the small bowel be affected by lymphomatous cells? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_8adc79e0-8010-43ae-9d68-b581f21e28ee.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1047, "question": "Are more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria indicative of eosinophilic gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e0cc5063-6799-42a7-b30e-d112cb172cc6.jpg", "report": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 1048, "question": "Does the presence of more than five neutrophils per high power field in the lamina propria suggest eosinophilic conditions? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e0cc5063-6799-42a7-b30e-d112cb172cc6.jpg", "report": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 1049, "question": "Can more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria indicate eosinophilic esophagitis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e0cc5063-6799-42a7-b30e-d112cb172cc6.jpg", "report": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 1050, "question": "Is the presence of more than five neutrophils per high power field in the lamina propria unrelated to eosinophilic colitis? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e0cc5063-6799-42a7-b30e-d112cb172cc6.jpg", "report": "The presence of more than five neutrophils or more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the lamina propria is indicative of eosinophilic gastritis, esophagitis, enteritis, or colitis."} {"question_id": 1051, "question": "Is chlamydia primarily a sexually transmitted infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_65b6c43f-9a35-4a19-a5af-aab14165c2f2.jpg", "report": "A patient with chlamydia was misdiagnosed as IBD and developed a rectal stricture due to improper treatment."} {"question_id": 1052, "question": "Can chlamydia infection lead to complications if misdiagnosed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_65b6c43f-9a35-4a19-a5af-aab14165c2f2.jpg", "report": "A patient with chlamydia was misdiagnosed as IBD and developed a rectal stricture due to improper treatment."} {"question_id": 1053, "question": "Is a rectal stricture a common complication of IBD?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_65b6c43f-9a35-4a19-a5af-aab14165c2f2.jpg", "report": "A patient with chlamydia was misdiagnosed as IBD and developed a rectal stricture due to improper treatment."} {"question_id": 1054, "question": "Can improper treatment of chlamydia lead to gastrointestinal complications?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_65b6c43f-9a35-4a19-a5af-aab14165c2f2.jpg", "report": "A patient with chlamydia was misdiagnosed as IBD and developed a rectal stricture due to improper treatment."} {"question_id": 1055, "question": "Are the large vascular channels in the chorion indicative of increased vascularity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 1056, "question": "Are the large vascular channels typically associated with the presence of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 1057, "question": "Is the chorion a layer of the placenta?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 1058, "question": "Can the presence of large vascular channels in the chorion be considered normal in some cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 1059, "question": "Is the presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands considered a reassuring sign in the context of prostate pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_00927d48-7249-4c31-a7a8-1dda7d03a057.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 1060, "question": "Does prostate cancer typically exhibit sharp luminal borders rather than luminal ruffling?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_00927d48-7249-4c31-a7a8-1dda7d03a057.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 1061, "question": "Can the presence of luminal ruffling alone definitively rule out prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_00927d48-7249-4c31-a7a8-1dda7d03a057.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 1062, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia characterized by the presence of acinar structures in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f34ec1bf-1a92-4201-8a31-1e8831252218.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 1063, "question": "Are the acinar structures in pancreatic acinar metaplasia typically found in the esophagus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f34ec1bf-1a92-4201-8a31-1e8831252218.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 1064, "question": "Does pancreatic acinar metaplasia involve cells that resemble those found in the pancreas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f34ec1bf-1a92-4201-8a31-1e8831252218.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 1065, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia a form of malignant transformation in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f34ec1bf-1a92-4201-8a31-1e8831252218.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 1066, "question": "Can hyperplasia cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5eb1593c-a2f1-493d-b339-0054c108ae6a.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1067, "question": "Is muscle normally present in the lamina propria under typical conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5eb1593c-a2f1-493d-b339-0054c108ae6a.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1068, "question": "Is the muscularis mucosa the only layer where muscle should typically be present?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5eb1593c-a2f1-493d-b339-0054c108ae6a.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1069, "question": "Can muscle hyperplasia be a normal finding in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5eb1593c-a2f1-493d-b339-0054c108ae6a.jpg", "report": "Muscle should only be present in the muscularis mucosa, but hyperplasia can cause muscle bundles to extend into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1070, "question": "Is there a small lumen present in the pathology described?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pheenISyPWk_image_5ccf4240-3b41-4b73-9794-9866f7eab835.jpg", "report": "Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle that spirals up and out through the surface, allowing sweat to come out to the surface."} {"question_id": 1071, "question": "Is the lumen lined by a single cuboidal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pheenISyPWk_image_5ccf4240-3b41-4b73-9794-9866f7eab835.jpg", "report": "Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle that spirals up and out through the surface, allowing sweat to come out to the surface."} {"question_id": 1072, "question": "Does the pathology involve a structure that allows sweat to come to the surface?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pheenISyPWk_image_5ccf4240-3b41-4b73-9794-9866f7eab835.jpg", "report": "Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle that spirals up and out through the surface, allowing sweat to come out to the surface."} {"question_id": 1073, "question": "Is the cuticle lining the lumen described as blue in color?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pheenISyPWk_image_5ccf4240-3b41-4b73-9794-9866f7eab835.jpg", "report": "Double cuboidal layer with a small lumen lined by pink cuticle that spirals up and out through the surface, allowing sweat to come out to the surface."} {"question_id": 1074, "question": "Are lymphocytes and plasma cells indicative of chronicity in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity."} {"question_id": 1075, "question": "Do architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution suggest chronicity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity."} {"question_id": 1076, "question": "Can the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells be observed in acute conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity."} {"question_id": 1077, "question": "Are architectural changes exclusive to acute pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7357e616-a846-495b-9c61-7830aeba911b.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells is not a feature of chronicity, but architectural changes in gland size, shape, and distribution indicate chronicity."} {"question_id": 1078, "question": "Can DFSP exhibit a storiform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern."} {"question_id": 1079, "question": "Is the storiform pattern always present in DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern."} {"question_id": 1080, "question": "Does DFSP occasionally lack a typical histological pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern."} {"question_id": 1081, "question": "Is DFSP characterized by a clear cell pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "DFSP may not always have a typical storiform pattern."} {"question_id": 1082, "question": "Is the dermal infiltrate in the image composed of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 1083, "question": "Are neutrophils a significant component of the dermal infiltrate in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 1084, "question": "Does the presence of extravasated erythrocytes suggest pityriasis lichenoides?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 1085, "question": "Is the presence of histiocytes a key feature of this pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The dermal infiltrate is composed entirely of lymphocytes, with a few extravasated erythrocytes in some areas, suggestive of pityriasis lichenoides."} {"question_id": 1086, "question": "Are the glands found in this chest pathology report irregularly sized?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bbb3d6a9-2b31-40d8-ac87-c7c122f31da5.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 1087, "question": "Is the variation in gland distribution indicative of an acute process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bbb3d6a9-2b31-40d8-ac87-c7c122f31da5.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 1089, "question": "Are the glands uniformly shaped in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bbb3d6a9-2b31-40d8-ac87-c7c122f31da5.jpg", "report": "Presence of irregularly sized and shaped glands with variation in distribution indicating chronicity."} {"question_id": 1090, "question": "Are apoptotic bodies commonly seen in patients with IBD?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The presence of apoptotic bodies in a patient with IBD was unexpected."} {"question_id": 1091, "question": "Is the presence of apoptotic bodies in this patient considered unexpected?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The presence of apoptotic bodies in a patient with IBD was unexpected."} {"question_id": 1092, "question": "Can apoptotic bodies be associated with other inflammatory conditions besides IBD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The presence of apoptotic bodies in a patient with IBD was unexpected."} {"question_id": 1093, "question": "Are apoptotic bodies typically an indicator of bacterial infection in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The presence of apoptotic bodies in a patient with IBD was unexpected."} {"question_id": 1094, "question": "Is a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor commonly found in the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_b0439307-61c8-498f-993c-a7000aae3918.jpg", "report": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare in the skin"} {"question_id": 1095, "question": "Can malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors occur in the peripheral nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_b0439307-61c8-498f-993c-a7000aae3918.jpg", "report": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare in the skin"} {"question_id": 1096, "question": "Is the occurrence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the skin considered rare?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_b0439307-61c8-498f-993c-a7000aae3918.jpg", "report": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare in the skin"} {"question_id": 1097, "question": "Are malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors frequently found in the brain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_b0439307-61c8-498f-993c-a7000aae3918.jpg", "report": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare in the skin"} {"question_id": 1098, "question": "Is the background of the tissue sample characterized by coarse, thick collagen fibers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The background of the tissue sample shows very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen."} {"question_id": 1099, "question": "Does the tissue sample exhibit very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The background of the tissue sample shows very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen."} {"question_id": 1100, "question": "Are there any indications of dense fibrous tissue present in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The background of the tissue sample shows very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen."} {"question_id": 1101, "question": "Can the presence of fine, delicate, thread-like collagen be associated with certain types of connective tissue disorders?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The background of the tissue sample shows very fine, delicate, thread-like collagen."} {"question_id": 1102, "question": "Can cytologic atypia be an indicator of mild ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Cytologic atypia can be a helpful finding in cases of mild ischemia."} {"question_id": 1103, "question": "Are cytologically atypical cells always found in severe ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Cytologic atypia can be a helpful finding in cases of mild ischemia."} {"question_id": 1104, "question": "Is cytologic atypia limited to cases of cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Cytologic atypia can be a helpful finding in cases of mild ischemia."} {"question_id": 1105, "question": "Can cytologic atypia be observed in non-ischemic conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Cytologic atypia can be a helpful finding in cases of mild ischemia."} {"question_id": 1106, "question": "Is a whirling pattern characteristic of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 1107, "question": "Can a whirling pattern also be observed in perineurioma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 1108, "question": "Are whirling patterns exclusive to DFSP and perineurioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 1109, "question": "Does the presence of a whirling pattern automatically confirm a diagnosis of DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "Whirling pattern can be seen in perineurioma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)."} {"question_id": 1110, "question": "Are xanthoma cells characterized by foamy cytoplasm due to lipid accumulation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23235661-1c42-4ffa-bcbb-f55c9be57c00.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1111, "question": "Are signet ring cells typically found in well-differentiated tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23235661-1c42-4ffa-bcbb-f55c9be57c00.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1112, "question": "Is gastric xanthoma associated with lipid-laden histiocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23235661-1c42-4ffa-bcbb-f55c9be57c00.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1113, "question": "Are signet ring cells characteristic of poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23235661-1c42-4ffa-bcbb-f55c9be57c00.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1114, "question": "Is the loss of cellular polarity indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample."} {"question_id": 1115, "question": "Does the loss of cellular polarity suggest a possible malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample."} {"question_id": 1116, "question": "Can the loss of cellular polarity be a sign of dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample."} {"question_id": 1117, "question": "Is the presence of cellular polarity loss specific to a single type of pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is seen in the sample."} {"question_id": 1118, "question": "Is the tumor observed in the chest pathology image a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, characterized by cytoplasmic clearing."} {"question_id": 1119, "question": "Does clear cell carcinoma of the ovary exhibit cytoplasmic clearing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, characterized by cytoplasmic clearing."} {"question_id": 1120, "question": "Are clear cell carcinomas typically characterized by a lack of cytoplasmic clearing?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, characterized by cytoplasmic clearing."} {"question_id": 1121, "question": "Is it important to identify cytoplasmic features for diagnosing clear cell carcinoma of the ovary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_f516f114-994a-4ab1-bef2-78a875e0b7ae.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, characterized by cytoplasmic clearing."} {"question_id": 1122, "question": "Is there a thick stratum corneum present in the specimen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_68593f1e-960b-4c9e-b4dd-5dd53d2e6edf.jpg", "report": "Thick stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles within the specimen."} {"question_id": 1123, "question": "Are hair follicles present within the specimen?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_68593f1e-960b-4c9e-b4dd-5dd53d2e6edf.jpg", "report": "Thick stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles within the specimen."} {"question_id": 1124, "question": "Does the absence of hair follicles suggest a non-hairy skin area?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_68593f1e-960b-4c9e-b4dd-5dd53d2e6edf.jpg", "report": "Thick stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles within the specimen."} {"question_id": 1125, "question": "Is the presence of a thick stratum corneum indicative of atrophy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_68593f1e-960b-4c9e-b4dd-5dd53d2e6edf.jpg", "report": "Thick stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles within the specimen."} {"question_id": 1126, "question": "Is the tumor being discussed typically benign in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_353043e6-6c02-4d48-a642-e33dbc6b88d5.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1127, "question": "Does this type of tumor usually metastasize within the first 5 years after diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_353043e6-6c02-4d48-a642-e33dbc6b88d5.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1128, "question": "Has metastasis been reported up to 30 or 40 years after the initial diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_353043e6-6c02-4d48-a642-e33dbc6b88d5.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1129, "question": "Is the median time to metastasis for this tumor 15 years?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_353043e6-6c02-4d48-a642-e33dbc6b88d5.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1130, "question": "Is a dermatofibroma a benign fibrous nodule found on the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_72ec0615-9379-4a20-b70d-60800c0a59e2.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 1131, "question": "Does the hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma typically exhibit hemosiderin deposits?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_72ec0615-9379-4a20-b70d-60800c0a59e2.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 1132, "question": "Are dermatofibromas commonly found in the subcutaneous fat layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_72ec0615-9379-4a20-b70d-60800c0a59e2.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 1133, "question": "Is a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic dermatofibroma expected to show malignant features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_72ec0615-9379-4a20-b70d-60800c0a59e2.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a punch biopsy specimen of a hemosiderotic variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 1134, "question": "Is the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells indicative of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) based on the streaming of cells in the same direction and the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells."} {"question_id": 1135, "question": "Are the cells in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) typically arranged haphazardly without any specific pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) based on the streaming of cells in the same direction and the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells."} {"question_id": 1136, "question": "Does the diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) involve the analysis of cell streaming in a uniform direction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) based on the streaming of cells in the same direction and the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells."} {"question_id": 1137, "question": "Are myxoid areas absent in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "Possible diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) based on the streaming of cells in the same direction and the presence of myxoid bland spindle cells."} {"question_id": 1138, "question": "Does nevus sebaceus hamartoma involve epithelial elements?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "Nevus sebaceus hamartoma involves both the epithelial and follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1139, "question": "Is the perifollicular connective tissue unaffected by nevus sebaceus hamartoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "Nevus sebaceus hamartoma involves both the epithelial and follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1140, "question": "Are follicular elements a component of nevus sebaceus hamartoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "Nevus sebaceus hamartoma involves both the epithelial and follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1141, "question": "Is nevus sebaceus hamartoma restricted only to the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "Nevus sebaceus hamartoma involves both the epithelial and follicular elements, as well as the perifollicular connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1142, "question": "Is a superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts indicative of ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1143, "question": "Does ischemia typically present with a deep injury rather than a superficial one?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1144, "question": "Can ischemia be identified by the preservation of bottom crypts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1145, "question": "Is the presence of superficial injury with preserved bottom crypts exclusive to ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1146, "question": "Can pseudomembranes be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b3d68748-0a10-4972-9581-5d3a1b3c9021.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 1147, "question": "Is ischemic injury a potential cause of pseudomembranes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b3d68748-0a10-4972-9581-5d3a1b3c9021.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 1148, "question": "Are pseudomembranes exclusive to Clostridioides difficile colitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b3d68748-0a10-4972-9581-5d3a1b3c9021.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 1149, "question": "Can pseudomembranes form in the absence of ischemic injury?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b3d68748-0a10-4972-9581-5d3a1b3c9021.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 1150, "question": "Is desmoplastic tricholemmoma characterized by a different morphology compared to MAC?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_d6f934fb-48d8-4b6f-8c4c-98bcf5d2070e.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 1151, "question": "Does desmoplastic tricholemmoma have the same stroma as MAC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_d6f934fb-48d8-4b6f-8c4c-98bcf5d2070e.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 1152, "question": "Can desmoplastic tricholemmoma be mistaken for MAC based on morphology alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_d6f934fb-48d8-4b6f-8c4c-98bcf5d2070e.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is a desmoplastic tricholemmomaphthelioma, which has a different morphology and stroma than a MAC."} {"question_id": 1153, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes indicative of bleeding or hemorrhage in the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa7fc227-da4a-4abd-aa17-71ba0970edd7.jpg", "report": "Some of the vascular spaces contain extravasated erythrocytes."} {"question_id": 1154, "question": "Do extravasated erythrocytes typically remain within the vascular spaces?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa7fc227-da4a-4abd-aa17-71ba0970edd7.jpg", "report": "Some of the vascular spaces contain extravasated erythrocytes."} {"question_id": 1155, "question": "Can the presence of extravasated erythrocytes suggest trauma to the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa7fc227-da4a-4abd-aa17-71ba0970edd7.jpg", "report": "Some of the vascular spaces contain extravasated erythrocytes."} {"question_id": 1156, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes usually found within the lymphatic system?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa7fc227-da4a-4abd-aa17-71ba0970edd7.jpg", "report": "Some of the vascular spaces contain extravasated erythrocytes."} {"question_id": 1157, "question": "Can granulomas be caused by tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1158, "question": "Are granulomas typically caused by bacterial infections other than tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1159, "question": "Can granulomas be idiopathic in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1160, "question": "Are foreign bodies a potential cause of granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1161, "question": "Are granulomas exclusively caused by infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d05bd62a-a5d2-47ab-841d-e48268e56522.jpg", "report": "Granulomas can be caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, idiopathic or foreign bodies."} {"question_id": 1162, "question": "Does Mycophenol-associated injury show a higher number of eosinophils compared to GVHD patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Mycophenol-associated injury shows a lot more eosinophils than GVHD patients, typically more than 15 per high power field."} {"question_id": 1163, "question": "Are there typically fewer than 15 eosinophils per high power field in Mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Mycophenol-associated injury shows a lot more eosinophils than GVHD patients, typically more than 15 per high power field."} {"question_id": 1164, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophils a key differential factor between Mycophenol-associated injury and GVHD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Mycophenol-associated injury shows a lot more eosinophils than GVHD patients, typically more than 15 per high power field."} {"question_id": 1165, "question": "Can Mycophenol-associated injury be characterized by the absence of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4505e5f8-8d5f-4ace-9e27-e50990dd4a27.jpg", "report": "Mycophenol-associated injury shows a lot more eosinophils than GVHD patients, typically more than 15 per high power field."} {"question_id": 1166, "question": "Is the hamartoma involving both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1167, "question": "Are the epithelial cells in the hamartoma showing signs of malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1168, "question": "Does the hamartoma involve only the fibrous sheath without affecting the epithelial component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1169, "question": "Is the hamartoma associated with the hair follicle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_40616c81-7aed-4be5-9936-764c914b067e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1170, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas indicative of an infectious process in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_8370dccb-c960-4562-b3ff-07df89034286.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 1171, "question": "Can TNF inhibitors, used for treating ankylosing spondylitis, lead to the formation of granulomas in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_8370dccb-c960-4562-b3ff-07df89034286.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 1172, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas typically associated with non-caseating granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_8370dccb-c960-4562-b3ff-07df89034286.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 1173, "question": "Is the presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung exclusive to patients with ankylosing spondylitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_8370dccb-c960-4562-b3ff-07df89034286.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 1174, "question": "Is the atrophy in the patient's prostate gland partial?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7695b497-dc87-4ecb-a881-b7acc24dcf9b.jpg", "report": "The patient has a focus of partial atrophy in the prostate gland, which is well-circumscribed and contains cystically dilated and partially atrophied glands."} {"question_id": 1175, "question": "Are the affected glands in the prostate gland completely atrophied?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7695b497-dc87-4ecb-a881-b7acc24dcf9b.jpg", "report": "The patient has a focus of partial atrophy in the prostate gland, which is well-circumscribed and contains cystically dilated and partially atrophied glands."} {"question_id": 1176, "question": "Are the involved glands in the prostate gland cystically dilated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7695b497-dc87-4ecb-a881-b7acc24dcf9b.jpg", "report": "The patient has a focus of partial atrophy in the prostate gland, which is well-circumscribed and contains cystically dilated and partially atrophied glands."} {"question_id": 1177, "question": "Is the focus of atrophy in the prostate gland poorly circumscribed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7695b497-dc87-4ecb-a881-b7acc24dcf9b.jpg", "report": "The patient has a focus of partial atrophy in the prostate gland, which is well-circumscribed and contains cystically dilated and partially atrophied glands."} {"question_id": 1178, "question": "Is CD68 a marker for macrophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1179, "question": "Are xanthomas characterized by the presence of foam cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1180, "question": "Can xanthomas be identified by the absence of CD68 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1181, "question": "Is CD68 positivity typically seen in lymphocytes within a xanthoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1182, "question": "Is there evidence of cryptitis in the patient's pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has STI proctitis with mild inflammation and cryptitis."} {"question_id": 1184, "question": "Is it likely that the patient has an STI-related condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has STI proctitis with mild inflammation and cryptitis."} {"question_id": 1185, "question": "Does the pathology report suggest that the patient has normal rectal tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Patient likely has STI proctitis with mild inflammation and cryptitis."} {"question_id": 1186, "question": "Are crypt microabscesses indicative of an infectious process in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "Crypt microabscesses and cryptitis are present."} {"question_id": 1187, "question": "Are crypt microabscesses commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "Crypt microabscesses and cryptitis are present."} {"question_id": 1188, "question": "Is cryptitis characterized by inflammation within the crypts of the mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "Crypt microabscesses and cryptitis are present."} {"question_id": 1189, "question": "Can crypt microabscesses and cryptitis be found in healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b7a893c4-397f-4f99-9e3d-16a1e788f7d8.jpg", "report": "Crypt microabscesses and cryptitis are present."} {"question_id": 1190, "question": "Is sarcoidosis characterized by the formation of granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_866e3517-bd3e-4c28-ae08-a37b8985372c.jpg", "report": "A person with sarcoidosis developed a severe granulomatous reaction from tattoo pigment on their eyelid."} {"question_id": 1191, "question": "Can tattoo pigment trigger a granulomatous reaction in individuals with sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_866e3517-bd3e-4c28-ae08-a37b8985372c.jpg", "report": "A person with sarcoidosis developed a severe granulomatous reaction from tattoo pigment on their eyelid."} {"question_id": 1192, "question": "Are granulomatous reactions in sarcoidosis typically limited to the eyelid?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_866e3517-bd3e-4c28-ae08-a37b8985372c.jpg", "report": "A person with sarcoidosis developed a severe granulomatous reaction from tattoo pigment on their eyelid."} {"question_id": 1193, "question": "Is it unusual for sarcoidosis to cause skin reactions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_866e3517-bd3e-4c28-ae08-a37b8985372c.jpg", "report": "A person with sarcoidosis developed a severe granulomatous reaction from tattoo pigment on their eyelid."} {"question_id": 1194, "question": "Can H. pylori be visualized using an H&E stain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain."} {"question_id": 1195, "question": "Is H. pylori typically found in lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain."} {"question_id": 1196, "question": "Is the presence of H. pylori associated with gastric pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain."} {"question_id": 1197, "question": "Does careful examination of an H&E stain always guarantee the detection of H. pylori?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "H. pylori can be best visualized with careful examination of H&E stain."} {"question_id": 1198, "question": "Is the lesion confined only to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "The lesion is diffusely dissecting throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 1199, "question": "Does the lesion extend into the dermal layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "The lesion is diffusely dissecting throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 1200, "question": "Is the lesion's pattern of dissection localized rather than diffuse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "The lesion is diffusely dissecting throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 1201, "question": "Can the lesion be described as diffusely dissecting?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2beb252a-0e73-4aee-92e8-acad841e9e79.jpg", "report": "The lesion is diffusely dissecting throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 1202, "question": "Is a lymphocytic infiltrate typically associated with chronic inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1eed5e29-5b3c-4745-8e1f-b3fd32d86024.jpg", "report": "Lymphocytic infiltrate is present, possibly due to inflammation."} {"question_id": 1203, "question": "Can a lymphocytic infiltrate suggest an acute bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1eed5e29-5b3c-4745-8e1f-b3fd32d86024.jpg", "report": "Lymphocytic infiltrate is present, possibly due to inflammation."} {"question_id": 1204, "question": "Is the presence of lymphocytic infiltrate indicative of a potential immune response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1eed5e29-5b3c-4745-8e1f-b3fd32d86024.jpg", "report": "Lymphocytic infiltrate is present, possibly due to inflammation."} {"question_id": 1205, "question": "Are neutrophils the primary cells involved in lymphocytic infiltrate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_1eed5e29-5b3c-4745-8e1f-b3fd32d86024.jpg", "report": "Lymphocytic infiltrate is present, possibly due to inflammation."} {"question_id": 1206, "question": "Can tuberculoid form of leprosy cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1207, "question": "Are sarcoid granulomas typically associated with bacterial infections other than leprosy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1208, "question": "Is the presence of granulomatous inflammation a common feature of tuberculoid leprosy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1209, "question": "Do sarcoid granulomas in leprosy typically contain caseating necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1210, "question": "Can synovial sarcoma resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in some areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Synovial sarcoma can have well-differentiated areas that resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1211, "question": "Is synovial sarcoma exclusively composed of poorly differentiated cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Synovial sarcoma can have well-differentiated areas that resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1212, "question": "Are well-differentiated areas indicative of synovial sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Synovial sarcoma can have well-differentiated areas that resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1213, "question": "Is it impossible for synovial sarcoma to have areas that look like low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Synovial sarcoma can have well-differentiated areas that resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1214, "question": "Is there abnormal maturation of keratinocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 1215, "question": "Are the cells within the stratum corneum hyperchromatic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 1216, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show normal keratinocyte maturation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 1217, "question": "Is there an absence of keratinocytic atypia in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Abnormal maturation of keratinocytes with full thickness keratinocytic atypia and hyperchromatic cells within the stratum corneum."} {"question_id": 1218, "question": "Is disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) potentially linked to an underlying neoplastic process in older individuals? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1219, "question": "Does disseminated GA present primarily in young children? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1220, "question": "Can disseminated GA be associated with systemic diseases in older patients? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1221, "question": "Is disseminated GA usually limited to a localized area of the skin? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_c9d6bbe3-a848-49a8-acf9-006cbe06a31d.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1222, "question": "Is the first area a branch of the mesenteric vein?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d0dd8936-2bca-4afa-a3fc-2a4f2a0d35bd.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1223, "question": "Is the second area a branch of the pulmonary artery?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d0dd8936-2bca-4afa-a3fc-2a4f2a0d35bd.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1224, "question": "Are both areas mentioned related to the mesenteric vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d0dd8936-2bca-4afa-a3fc-2a4f2a0d35bd.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1226, "question": "Is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma characterized by the presence of hemosiderin deposits?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1227, "question": "Does targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma commonly present with significant inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1228, "question": "Can targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma be misdiagnosed as a type of malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1229, "question": "Is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma typically found in the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma is the likely diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1230, "question": "Are cribriform glands at the edge of a core typically associated with high-grade tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ff372154-847a-4eee-acf2-1410e6eae2e6.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 1231, "question": "Do cribriform glands at the edge of a core indicate a low-grade tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ff372154-847a-4eee-acf2-1410e6eae2e6.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 1232, "question": "Is the presence of cribriform glands at the edge of a core a significant finding in tumor grading?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ff372154-847a-4eee-acf2-1410e6eae2e6.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 1233, "question": "Can cribriform glands at the edge of a core be considered benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ff372154-847a-4eee-acf2-1410e6eae2e6.jpg", "report": "Cribriform glands at the edge of a core are usually high-grade tumors."} {"question_id": 1234, "question": "Is spongiosis a characteristic feature of seborrheic dermatitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is present in sep-derm, indicating seborrheic dermatitis."} {"question_id": 1235, "question": "Can seborrheic dermatitis be identified by the presence of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is present in sep-derm, indicating seborrheic dermatitis."} {"question_id": 1237, "question": "Is seborrheic dermatitis typically associated with the absence of spongiosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_10f1e59c-526f-45f9-9d88-cc22c8463445.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis is present in sep-derm, indicating seborrheic dermatitis."} {"question_id": 1238, "question": "Are melanophages responsible for the pigmentation in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 1239, "question": "Is the presence of melanophages typically associated with acute inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 1240, "question": "Can the presence of heavily pigmented melanophages indicate prior hemorrhage or trauma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 1241, "question": "Are melanophages commonly found in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_38e60f68-290e-4146-add5-b6c842bcc610.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages in the dermis."} {"question_id": 1242, "question": "Are eosinophils present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 1243, "question": "Are the inflammatory cells in the chest pathology image primarily composed of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 1244, "question": "Is there evidence of capillary involvement in the inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 1245, "question": "Are the band-like interruptions observed involving only the epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 1246, "question": "Are fibromyxoid tumors characterized by a predominantly pink fibrous component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c41b7d98-fbc3-4d8e-b5e7-b34a367c9792.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 1247, "question": "Do fibromyxoid tumors show a predominant bluish myxoid component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c41b7d98-fbc3-4d8e-b5e7-b34a367c9792.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 1248, "question": "Is the histopathology of fibromyxoid tumors consistent with a mix of fibrous and myxoid components?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c41b7d98-fbc3-4d8e-b5e7-b34a367c9792.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 1249, "question": "Is the fibrous component in fibromyxoid tumors typically blue in color?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c41b7d98-fbc3-4d8e-b5e7-b34a367c9792.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 1250, "question": "Was the patient initially diagnosed with sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1251, "question": "Did subsequent biopsies show the presence of granulomas after treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1252, "question": "Can the absence of granulomas in later biopsies indicate a successful treatment for sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1253, "question": "Is it common for granulomas to persist even after treatment for sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_64ecfd50-c3b0-487d-b33a-10de6f769850.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1254, "question": "Are fat microcysts indicative of membranous lipodystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35209858-1960-43a4-b29d-6d19d87470a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of fat microcysts and membranous lipodystrophy."} {"question_id": 1255, "question": "Is membranous lipodystrophy characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35209858-1960-43a4-b29d-6d19d87470a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of fat microcysts and membranous lipodystrophy."} {"question_id": 1256, "question": "Can the presence of fat microcysts be observed in conditions other than membranous lipodystrophy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35209858-1960-43a4-b29d-6d19d87470a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of fat microcysts and membranous lipodystrophy."} {"question_id": 1257, "question": "Are fat microcysts typically found in the muscular layer of the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_35209858-1960-43a4-b29d-6d19d87470a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of fat microcysts and membranous lipodystrophy."} {"question_id": 1258, "question": "Are an increased number of melanocytes in the matrix a characteristic feature of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1259, "question": "Is the presence of too many melanocytes in the matrix always indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1260, "question": "Can melanoma in situ be suspected if there is an overabundance of melanocytes in the matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1261, "question": "Are melanocytes typically found in high numbers in non-cancerous skin conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525701b0-e1bc-4c80-8310-ec56f677f9eb.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1262, "question": "Is a rudimentary supernumerary digit typically associated with the chest region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1263, "question": "Can a rudimentary supernumerary digit appear as an extra finger or toe?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1264, "question": "Is surgical removal a common treatment for a rudimentary supernumerary digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1265, "question": "Are rudimentary supernumerary digits usually functional and well-developed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis in this case is a rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1266, "question": "Is the lamina propria in the described segment heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 1267, "question": "Can a segment with a lamina propria devoid of inflammatory cells be indicative of a chronic inflammatory condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 1268, "question": "Is the absence of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria typical of normal histology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 1269, "question": "Could the lack of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria suggest a resolution of a previous acute inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0372a472-d9ea-41fa-aabd-99bb51529283.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 1270, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate associated with high-grade invasive cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7b67ec48-61e0-473a-93a7-4bd6a284a4cc.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1271, "question": "Does intraductal carcinoma of the prostate typically indicate a low-volume cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7b67ec48-61e0-473a-93a7-4bd6a284a4cc.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1272, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate often linked with high-volume cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7b67ec48-61e0-473a-93a7-4bd6a284a4cc.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1273, "question": "Can intraductal carcinoma of the prostate be considered a low-grade cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7b67ec48-61e0-473a-93a7-4bd6a284a4cc.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with high-volume, high-grade invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 1274, "question": "Are eosinophils present in patients receiving radiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and intracryptal eosinophilic microapses in patients receiving radiation."} {"question_id": 1275, "question": "Do patients receiving radiation exhibit intracryptal eosinophilic microabscesses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and intracryptal eosinophilic microapses in patients receiving radiation."} {"question_id": 1276, "question": "Are neutrophils the primary cell type observed in patients receiving radiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and intracryptal eosinophilic microapses in patients receiving radiation."} {"question_id": 1277, "question": "Can radiation treatment lead to the formation of eosinophilic microabscesses in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and intracryptal eosinophilic microapses in patients receiving radiation."} {"question_id": 1278, "question": "Are papillary projections often observed in the lower part of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 1280, "question": "Are the papillary projections limited to the top part of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 1281, "question": "Can the presence of papillary projections suggest a specific subtype of tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 1282, "question": "Is Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) typically found in the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 1283, "question": "Does DFSP commonly involve deep soft tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 1284, "question": "Is DFSP a form of cancer that primarily affects internal organs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 1285, "question": "Can DFSP occasionally extend beyond the skin to involve deeper tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_eccb54ef-3bbb-47e2-b114-1e76f381358d.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 1286, "question": "Are the projections into the lamina propria in this case described as \"feet-like\"?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1288, "question": "Does the presence of a thick and irregular band suggest a pathological condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1289, "question": "Are the feet-like projections located in the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Thick and irregular band with feet-like projections into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1290, "question": "Can the presence of pannate cell metaplasia be an indicator of IBD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_72a31838-8594-4098-a6f2-28f55656f2df.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1291, "question": "Is the distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate commonly found in the preserved lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_72a31838-8594-4098-a6f2-28f55656f2df.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1292, "question": "Are pannate cells typically found in healthy lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_72a31838-8594-4098-a6f2-28f55656f2df.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1293, "question": "Is the presence of a lymphoid aggregate alone sufficient to diagnose IBD?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_72a31838-8594-4098-a6f2-28f55656f2df.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1294, "question": "Does the tumor show areas of calcification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 1295, "question": "Is the calcification diffused throughout the entire tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 1296, "question": "Can the presence of calcification in a tumor be an indicator of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 1297, "question": "Is the calcification in the tumor indicative of an infectious process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_f749ca24-e5b0-46f3-ac60-273091bcb4e3.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 1298, "question": "Are multinucleated giant cells indicative of an immune response to foreign material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_043c7623-105d-45ac-98f1-f39475e0b124.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1299, "question": "Are multinucleated giant cells typically found in healthy lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_043c7623-105d-45ac-98f1-f39475e0b124.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1300, "question": "Can multinucleated giant cells be a sign of a chronic inflammatory response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_043c7623-105d-45ac-98f1-f39475e0b124.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1301, "question": "Are foreign body giant cells capable of easily phagocytosing foreign material?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_043c7623-105d-45ac-98f1-f39475e0b124.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1302, "question": "Is the presence of too many melanocytes in the matrix highly suspicious for melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1303, "question": "Are too many melanocytes in the matrix typically indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1304, "question": "Is melanoma in situ a condition where cancerous cells are confined to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1305, "question": "Can a definitive diagnosis of melanoma in situ be made solely based on the number of melanocytes in the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1306, "question": "Are lymphocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "report": "Fibrosis and sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells."} {"question_id": 1307, "question": "Is there a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "report": "Fibrosis and sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells."} {"question_id": 1308, "question": "Are plasma cells observed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "report": "Fibrosis and sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells."} {"question_id": 1309, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show evidence of fibrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_2e6ed1f2-9837-44ad-b695-2071a6947a39.jpg", "report": "Fibrosis and sparse infiltrative lymphocytes, and in this case, a few plasma cells."} {"question_id": 1311, "question": "Are the cells in the tumor characterized as malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1a8c9f50-8a25-4a40-b18a-8db78ba0d8c3.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 1312, "question": "Does the tumor contain delicate stringy fine collagen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1a8c9f50-8a25-4a40-b18a-8db78ba0d8c3.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 1313, "question": "Is the histologic pattern important for the correct diagnosis of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1a8c9f50-8a25-4a40-b18a-8db78ba0d8c3.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 1314, "question": "Is chronic atrophic gastritis characterized by a thinning of the stomach lining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1315, "question": "Does chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia involve the transformation of stomach tissue into intestinal-like tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1316, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a common feature in chronic atrophic gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1317, "question": "Are lymphocytes the predominant cells involved in chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria is the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1318, "question": "Are large histiocytes containing lipid present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes containing lipid, some of which are multinucleated and ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 1319, "question": "Do some of the histiocytes contain multiple nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes containing lipid, some of which are multinucleated and ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 1320, "question": "Are ringed siderophages absent in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes containing lipid, some of which are multinucleated and ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 1321, "question": "Do the histiocytes show evidence of lipid accumulation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c5f14cb3-8d7b-4a19-89cc-edafae5bc6ad.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes containing lipid, some of which are multinucleated and ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 1322, "question": "Are histiocytes part of the body's immune response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes are present."} {"question_id": 1323, "question": "Can histiocytes be infected with bacteria or viruses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes are present."} {"question_id": 1324, "question": "Are infected histiocytes indicative of a healthy immune system?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes are present."} {"question_id": 1325, "question": "Are histiocytes a type of white blood cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes are present."} {"question_id": 1326, "question": "Is the hamartoma located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2668b8db-1ce3-4137-8b32-82b077d5206e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma is located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1327, "question": "Is the hamartoma found in the dermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2668b8db-1ce3-4137-8b32-82b077d5206e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma is located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1328, "question": "Can the hamartoma involve the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2668b8db-1ce3-4137-8b32-82b077d5206e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma is located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1329, "question": "Is the hair follicle associated with the location of the hamartoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_2668b8db-1ce3-4137-8b32-82b077d5206e.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma is located at the level of the mantle zone of the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 1330, "question": "Does the specimen exhibit a very thick stratum corneum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 1331, "question": "Are hair follicles prominently present in the specimen?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 1332, "question": "Is the absence of hair follicles a notable feature in this specimen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 1333, "question": "Is the stratum corneum of the specimen thin and delicate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The specimen has a very thick stratum corneum and a marked absence of hair follicles."} {"question_id": 1334, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells in the rudimentary supernumerary digit positive with S100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1335, "question": "Is SOX10 a marker used in the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1336, "question": "Are the nerve fascicles in the rudimentary supernumerary digit poorly defined?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1337, "question": "Can rudimentary supernumerary digits be diagnosed without the presence of well-defined nerve fascicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1338, "question": "Can radiation treatment leave behind mature adipocytes in the affected tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Radiation treatment can wipe out tumors, leaving only sclerotic collagen, vascular branching, and mature adipocytes with occasional lipoblasts and myxoid change."} {"question_id": 1339, "question": "Does radiation treatment result in the complete absence of vascular structures in the treated area? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Radiation treatment can wipe out tumors, leaving only sclerotic collagen, vascular branching, and mature adipocytes with occasional lipoblasts and myxoid change."} {"question_id": 1340, "question": "Are lipoblasts occasionally found in tissue following radiation treatment? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Radiation treatment can wipe out tumors, leaving only sclerotic collagen, vascular branching, and mature adipocytes with occasional lipoblasts and myxoid change."} {"question_id": 1341, "question": "Is myxoid change a common feature in tissues post-radiation treatment? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Radiation treatment can wipe out tumors, leaving only sclerotic collagen, vascular branching, and mature adipocytes with occasional lipoblasts and myxoid change."} {"question_id": 1342, "question": "Is there evidence of atelectasis in the provided chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_7e91bddf-6e1b-4072-b47f-7ef2e757e1f5.jpg", "report": "Identification of normal lung tissue with evidence of collapse or atelectasis in one area."} {"question_id": 1343, "question": "Are the identified lung tissues completely normal without any signs of collapse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_7e91bddf-6e1b-4072-b47f-7ef2e757e1f5.jpg", "report": "Identification of normal lung tissue with evidence of collapse or atelectasis in one area."} {"question_id": 1346, "question": "Is spongiosis present in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dac8cd1f-76b2-4bff-aff3-a082c55d0e92.jpg", "report": "Presence of spongiosis in the epidermis and neutrophils in a follicular pustule."} {"question_id": 1347, "question": "Are neutrophils identified in a follicular pustule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dac8cd1f-76b2-4bff-aff3-a082c55d0e92.jpg", "report": "Presence of spongiosis in the epidermis and neutrophils in a follicular pustule."} {"question_id": 1348, "question": "Is there evidence of eosinophils in the follicular pustule?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dac8cd1f-76b2-4bff-aff3-a082c55d0e92.jpg", "report": "Presence of spongiosis in the epidermis and neutrophils in a follicular pustule."} {"question_id": 1349, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate the presence of histiocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dac8cd1f-76b2-4bff-aff3-a082c55d0e92.jpg", "report": "Presence of spongiosis in the epidermis and neutrophils in a follicular pustule."} {"question_id": 1350, "question": "Does basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation exhibit clefting?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 1351, "question": "Is palisading a characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 1352, "question": "Are sebaceous differentiations absent in basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 1353, "question": "Is basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation typically devoid of clefting?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 1354, "question": "Are maintained polarity and nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells criteria for low grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_40c0cfb7-5819-4248-b6e8-43ea19f9d42c.jpg", "report": "Maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, and no prominent nuclei are criteria for low grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1355, "question": "Does the presence of prominent nuclei indicate low grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_40c0cfb7-5819-4248-b6e8-43ea19f9d42c.jpg", "report": "Maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, and no prominent nuclei are criteria for low grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1356, "question": "Is the absence of prominent nuclei a criterion for low grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_40c0cfb7-5819-4248-b6e8-43ea19f9d42c.jpg", "report": "Maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, and no prominent nuclei are criteria for low grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1357, "question": "Can the presence of maintained polarity alone confirm low grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_40c0cfb7-5819-4248-b6e8-43ea19f9d42c.jpg", "report": "Maintained polarity, nuclei reaching the middle third of the cells, and no prominent nuclei are criteria for low grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1358, "question": "Is squamous epithelium present at the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction."} {"question_id": 1359, "question": "Is gastric cardiac type of epithelium identified at the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction."} {"question_id": 1360, "question": "Are columnar cells the primary type of cells identified at the gastroesophageal junction?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction."} {"question_id": 1361, "question": "Is the presence of gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction considered a normal finding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5f54ce10-dac2-4f67-9d3f-86fec3c42d30.jpg", "report": "Identification of squamous epithelium and gastric cardiac type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction."} {"question_id": 1362, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma characterized by a combination of fibrous and myxoid features?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c54801e8-0700-41d9-ae67-c9e5f371599b.jpg", "report": "Possible low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on fibrous and myxoid features with cellular and less cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1363, "question": "Does low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma typically show highly cellular areas only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c54801e8-0700-41d9-ae67-c9e5f371599b.jpg", "report": "Possible low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on fibrous and myxoid features with cellular and less cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1364, "question": "Are there less cellular areas present in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c54801e8-0700-41d9-ae67-c9e5f371599b.jpg", "report": "Possible low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on fibrous and myxoid features with cellular and less cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1365, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma generally identified by the presence of only fibrous features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c54801e8-0700-41d9-ae67-c9e5f371599b.jpg", "report": "Possible low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on fibrous and myxoid features with cellular and less cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1366, "question": "Is the first area associated with the venous system?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7031ca2a-b0a8-4ed6-b945-acfea1fed920.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1367, "question": "Does the second area pertain to the arterial system?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7031ca2a-b0a8-4ed6-b945-acfea1fed920.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1368, "question": "Are both areas branches of the pulmonary vasculature?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7031ca2a-b0a8-4ed6-b945-acfea1fed920.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1369, "question": "Is the mesenteric artery involved in the circulation of blood to the abdominal organs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7031ca2a-b0a8-4ed6-b945-acfea1fed920.jpg", "report": "The first area is a branch of the mesenteric vein, while the second area is a branch of the mesenteric artery."} {"question_id": 1370, "question": "Can the stromal nodule of BPH lead to glands weighing over 100 grams?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f5a5e0b7-dda1-40a2-ab09-a7a76b1e6691.jpg", "report": "Stromal nodule of BPH can be extensive and lead to glands over 100 grams, sometimes even over 200 grams."} {"question_id": 1371, "question": "Is it possible for the stromal nodule of BPH to cause glands to weigh over 200 grams?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f5a5e0b7-dda1-40a2-ab09-a7a76b1e6691.jpg", "report": "Stromal nodule of BPH can be extensive and lead to glands over 100 grams, sometimes even over 200 grams."} {"question_id": 1372, "question": "Does the stromal nodule of BPH typically remain under 100 grams in weight?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f5a5e0b7-dda1-40a2-ab09-a7a76b1e6691.jpg", "report": "Stromal nodule of BPH can be extensive and lead to glands over 100 grams, sometimes even over 200 grams."} {"question_id": 1373, "question": "Are stromal nodules of BPH limited to less than 50 grams in gland weight?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f5a5e0b7-dda1-40a2-ab09-a7a76b1e6691.jpg", "report": "Stromal nodule of BPH can be extensive and lead to glands over 100 grams, sometimes even over 200 grams."} {"question_id": 1374, "question": "Are the vascular spaces in the lesion dilated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_687a667d-4611-4701-80e7-060ba6be0411.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 1375, "question": "Are the endothelial cells lining the vascular spaces thin and flat?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_687a667d-4611-4701-80e7-060ba6be0411.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 1376, "question": "Does the lesion exhibit a biphasic pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_687a667d-4611-4701-80e7-060ba6be0411.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 1377, "question": "Are there any papillary projections observed in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_687a667d-4611-4701-80e7-060ba6be0411.jpg", "report": "The lesion shows a collection of dilated vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cells with papillary projections, indicating a vascular neoplasm with a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 1378, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a criterion for mucosal prolapse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1379, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria typically absent in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1380, "question": "Can muscularization of the lamina propria be indicative of mucosal prolapse in the colon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1381, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria unrelated to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1382, "question": "Are myxoid features typically associated with an increase in extracellular matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 1383, "question": "Does the presence of very fine delicate collagen suggest a fibrotic process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 1384, "question": "Can myxoid changes in tissue be indicative of a benign lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 1385, "question": "Is the identification of myxoid features in tissue usually associated with inflammatory conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_72696061-bdf2-437c-a2ee-0049bbeeccaa.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 1386, "question": "Are giant cells a common feature in this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Giant cells are larger and more numerous in another example of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1387, "question": "Are giant cells smaller and less numerous in this example compared to others?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Giant cells are larger and more numerous in another example of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1388, "question": "Is the presence of giant cells indicative of a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Giant cells are larger and more numerous in another example of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1389, "question": "Can the presence of larger and more numerous giant cells help differentiate this tumor from other types?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Giant cells are larger and more numerous in another example of this tumor."} {"question_id": 1390, "question": "Does the sample show a cribriform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 1391, "question": "Is the process in the sample micropapillary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 1392, "question": "Are the cells in the sample organized in a solid sheet pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 1393, "question": "Is the sample stratified?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_02a9f76c-0858-4d40-868a-9163d61564ef.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 1394, "question": "Are mucinous tumors lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_b289fe3b-bcf1-4b76-bf2c-bb602f02cdad.jpg", "report": "Differentiation between mucinous and serous tumors based on the type of cells lining them. Mucinous tumors are lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells, while serous tumors are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells. Mucinous cyst adenomas are characterized by a single lining of columnar cells without invasion or atypia, while mucinous borderline tumors show atypia and stratification but no invasion."} {"question_id": 1395, "question": "Do serous tumors have ciliated cuboidal cells lining them?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_b289fe3b-bcf1-4b76-bf2c-bb602f02cdad.jpg", "report": "Differentiation between mucinous and serous tumors based on the type of cells lining them. Mucinous tumors are lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells, while serous tumors are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells. Mucinous cyst adenomas are characterized by a single lining of columnar cells without invasion or atypia, while mucinous borderline tumors show atypia and stratification but no invasion."} {"question_id": 1396, "question": "Do mucinous cyst adenomas show invasion or atypia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_b289fe3b-bcf1-4b76-bf2c-bb602f02cdad.jpg", "report": "Differentiation between mucinous and serous tumors based on the type of cells lining them. Mucinous tumors are lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells, while serous tumors are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells. Mucinous cyst adenomas are characterized by a single lining of columnar cells without invasion or atypia, while mucinous borderline tumors show atypia and stratification but no invasion."} {"question_id": 1397, "question": "Are mucinous borderline tumors characterized by stratification and atypia without invasion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_b289fe3b-bcf1-4b76-bf2c-bb602f02cdad.jpg", "report": "Differentiation between mucinous and serous tumors based on the type of cells lining them. Mucinous tumors are lined with tall columnar mucin-filled cells, while serous tumors are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells. Mucinous cyst adenomas are characterized by a single lining of columnar cells without invasion or atypia, while mucinous borderline tumors show atypia and stratification but no invasion."} {"question_id": 1398, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be seen in colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "Pyloric gland metaplasia can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 1399, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia typically associated with healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "Pyloric gland metaplasia can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 1400, "question": "Can mycophenol-associated injury lead to pyloric gland metaplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "Pyloric gland metaplasia can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 1401, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia commonly found in the absence of end-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "Pyloric gland metaplasia can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 1402, "question": "Is myositis ossificans a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Myositis ossificans is a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors."} {"question_id": 1403, "question": "Does myositis ossificans belong to the USP6 rearranged family of tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Myositis ossificans is a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors."} {"question_id": 1404, "question": "Is myositis ossificans considered a benign neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Myositis ossificans is a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors."} {"question_id": 1405, "question": "Is myositis ossificans primarily composed of adipocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Myositis ossificans is a benign myofibroblastic neoplasm that is part of the USP6 rearranged family of tumors."} {"question_id": 1406, "question": "Can a needle biopsy be used for pre-treatment diagnosis in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Needle biopsy before excision allows for diagnosis and pre-treatment, but can wipe out original morphology."} {"question_id": 1407, "question": "Does needle biopsy always preserve the original tissue morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Needle biopsy before excision allows for diagnosis and pre-treatment, but can wipe out original morphology."} {"question_id": 1408, "question": "Is it possible for the original morphology to be altered after a needle biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Needle biopsy before excision allows for diagnosis and pre-treatment, but can wipe out original morphology."} {"question_id": 1409, "question": "Is excision always required before making a diagnosis in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Needle biopsy before excision allows for diagnosis and pre-treatment, but can wipe out original morphology."} {"question_id": 1410, "question": "Is pannate cell metaplasia observed in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_492b4ab0-41c2-412d-bad2-37ad9487aff4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1411, "question": "Does the image show the distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_492b4ab0-41c2-412d-bad2-37ad9487aff4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1412, "question": "Is the lamina propria in the image completely absent?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_492b4ab0-41c2-412d-bad2-37ad9487aff4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1413, "question": "Can the findings in the image suggest a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_492b4ab0-41c2-412d-bad2-37ad9487aff4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1414, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes commonly seen in hemorrhagic conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 1415, "question": "Do siderophages indicate the presence of previous bleeding or hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 1416, "question": "Are lymphocytes typically associated with an acute inflammatory response?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 1417, "question": "Is the presence of extravasated erythrocytes indicative of a neoplastic process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 1418, "question": "Are the cells in gastric xanthoma characterized by an abundant foamy cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1419, "question": "Is the nucleus of the cells in gastric xanthoma typically located peripherally?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1420, "question": "Does gastric xanthoma exhibit a distinct cell border in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1421, "question": "Are the cells in gastric xanthoma primarily found in the muscularis propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1422, "question": "Is the lamina propria hyalinized in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "A biopsy showed that the lamina propria was not hyalinized, but recent ischemia cannot be excluded."} {"question_id": 1423, "question": "Can recent ischemia be excluded based on the biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "A biopsy showed that the lamina propria was not hyalinized, but recent ischemia cannot be excluded."} {"question_id": 1424, "question": "Was the biopsy able to definitively rule out recent ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "A biopsy showed that the lamina propria was not hyalinized, but recent ischemia cannot be excluded."} {"question_id": 1425, "question": "Is there evidence of hyalinization in the lamina propria in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "A biopsy showed that the lamina propria was not hyalinized, but recent ischemia cannot be excluded."} {"question_id": 1426, "question": "Are lymphoid aggregates a common finding in diversion colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "The presence of lymphoid aggregates suggests diversion colitis, even if the patient does not have a Hartman’s pouch."} {"question_id": 1427, "question": "Is the presence of lymphoid aggregates exclusive to patients with a Hartman’s pouch?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "The presence of lymphoid aggregates suggests diversion colitis, even if the patient does not have a Hartman’s pouch."} {"question_id": 1428, "question": "Can diversion colitis occur in the absence of a Hartman’s pouch?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_d2c14566-c857-49e5-9213-ae46e036c9ef.jpg", "report": "The presence of lymphoid aggregates suggests diversion colitis, even if the patient does not have a Hartman’s pouch."} {"question_id": 1429, "question": "Is there a mild degree of architectural distortion in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Mild degree of architectural distortion is present."} {"question_id": 1430, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show severe architectural distortion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Mild degree of architectural distortion is present."} {"question_id": 1431, "question": "Can a mild degree of architectural distortion be observed in the patient’s chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Mild degree of architectural distortion is present."} {"question_id": 1432, "question": "Is the architectural distortion in the chest pathology image absent?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Mild degree of architectural distortion is present."} {"question_id": 1433, "question": "Are there discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis."} {"question_id": 1434, "question": "Are the dyskeratotic cells located within the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis."} {"question_id": 1435, "question": "Is parakeratosis observed in the stratum corneum in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis."} {"question_id": 1436, "question": "Is the epidermis free of dyskeratotic cells in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "There are discrete columns and mounds of parakeratosis within the stratum corneum and some dyskeratotic cells within the underlying epidermis."} {"question_id": 1437, "question": "Are infected histiocytes indicative of histoplasmosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ab334dab-d7fe-4b97-96ee-cfba68daa86b.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis."} {"question_id": 1438, "question": "Can the presence of organisms in the cytoplasm of histiocytes suggest leishmaniasis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ab334dab-d7fe-4b97-96ee-cfba68daa86b.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis."} {"question_id": 1439, "question": "Do infected histiocytes in the cytoplasm typically indicate a viral infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ab334dab-d7fe-4b97-96ee-cfba68daa86b.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis."} {"question_id": 1440, "question": "Is it possible to differentiate histoplasmosis from leishmaniasis based solely on the size of the organisms in the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ab334dab-d7fe-4b97-96ee-cfba68daa86b.jpg", "report": "Infected histiocytes with organisms of this size in the cytoplasm may indicate histoplasmosis or leishmaniasis."} {"question_id": 1441, "question": "Are nodules around joints a common feature in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1442, "question": "Do nodules around joints indicate the presence of osteoarthritis (OE)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1443, "question": "Are nodules around joints exclusive to gout?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1444, "question": "Can nodules around joints be a sign of multiple conditions, including gout, RA, and OE?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_aa82a88b-0c10-40be-a90f-a118b2d6c185.jpg", "report": "Nodules around joints can be seen in gout, RA, and OE."} {"question_id": 1445, "question": "Is the lesion described as a small benign papule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_229ba3dc-e10d-4f65-bd84-2e49b4d79faf.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1446, "question": "Does the lesion contain dilated blood vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_229ba3dc-e10d-4f65-bd84-2e49b4d79faf.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1447, "question": "Are there proliferating sebaceous lobules present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_229ba3dc-e10d-4f65-bd84-2e49b4d79faf.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1448, "question": "Is the epithelial component of the lesion absent?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_229ba3dc-e10d-4f65-bd84-2e49b4d79faf.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1449, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria indicative of mucosal prolapse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1450, "question": "Can muscularization of the lamina propria be observed in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1451, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a common feature in all types of colon pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1452, "question": "Is the lamina propria involved in conditions other than mucosal prolapse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse in colon, particularly in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome."} {"question_id": 1453, "question": "Is the biopsy specimen taken from an acral site?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_71432987-2a09-4988-8eee-3b9d4ec32094.jpg", "report": "Bisected shape biopsy specimen with a dome-shaped papule from an acral site."} {"question_id": 1454, "question": "Is the specimen described as having a flat shape?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_71432987-2a09-4988-8eee-3b9d4ec32094.jpg", "report": "Bisected shape biopsy specimen with a dome-shaped papule from an acral site."} {"question_id": 1455, "question": "Does the biopsy specimen exhibit a dome-shaped papule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_71432987-2a09-4988-8eee-3b9d4ec32094.jpg", "report": "Bisected shape biopsy specimen with a dome-shaped papule from an acral site."} {"question_id": 1456, "question": "Was the biopsy taken from a non-acral site?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_71432987-2a09-4988-8eee-3b9d4ec32094.jpg", "report": "Bisected shape biopsy specimen with a dome-shaped papule from an acral site."} {"question_id": 1457, "question": "Are the particles within the histiocytes uniform in size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c4c2c977-449a-4e37-906e-581095b3bd08.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1458, "question": "Do the particles within the histiocytes exhibit marked variability in size?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c4c2c977-449a-4e37-906e-581095b3bd08.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1459, "question": "Are histiocytes the primary cells mentioned in this report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c4c2c977-449a-4e37-906e-581095b3bd08.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1461, "question": "Can cutaneous Crohn's disease present clinically similar to sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous Crohns can have similar clinical presentation to sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1462, "question": "Are the skin lesions in cutaneous Crohn's disease typically found only on the face?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous Crohns can have similar clinical presentation to sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1463, "question": "Does cutaneous Crohn's disease always present with granulomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous Crohns can have similar clinical presentation to sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1464, "question": "Is cutaneous Crohn's disease considered an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Cutaneous Crohns can have similar clinical presentation to sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1465, "question": "Can secondary tumors mimic primary lesions in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors can colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion."} {"question_id": 1466, "question": "Are secondary tumors incapable of colonizing surfaces in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors can colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion."} {"question_id": 1467, "question": "Is it possible for secondary tumors to be mistaken for primary lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors can colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion."} {"question_id": 1468, "question": "Do secondary tumors always originate from the pulmonary tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Secondary tumors can colonize the surface and mimic a primary lesion."} {"question_id": 1469, "question": "Is the presence of a ring chromosome indicative of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 1470, "question": "Does a translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor exclude the diagnosis of DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 1471, "question": "Are ring chromosomes and translocations involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor commonly seen in DFSP?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 1472, "question": "Is the presence of a ring chromosome alone sufficient to diagnose DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 1473, "question": "Are there two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology."} {"question_id": 1474, "question": "Do the melanocytes exhibit uniform morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology."} {"question_id": 1475, "question": "Is it possible to differentiate between the two clonal populations of melanocytes based on their morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology."} {"question_id": 1476, "question": "Are all the melanocytes in the image of the same clonal population?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_fa75fb91-7aa6-4884-bc95-cc3b6603e230.jpg", "report": "Contains at least two distinct clonal populations of melanocytes with different morphology."} {"question_id": 1477, "question": "Is there evidence of a neoplastic process in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Neoplastic process is present in the tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 1478, "question": "Are the tissue fragments free of any abnormal cellular growth?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Neoplastic process is present in the tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 1479, "question": "Does the presence of a neoplastic process suggest a potential malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Neoplastic process is present in the tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 1480, "question": "Can the neoplastic process in the tissue fragments always be classified as benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "Neoplastic process is present in the tissue fragments."} {"question_id": 1481, "question": "Are granulomatous abnormalities present in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_8a7aef14-e5a9-4b2a-aff2-2e10682e9d63.jpg", "report": "This is not porokeratosis, as there are no granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1482, "question": "Is there evidence of dyskeratotic keratinocytes in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_8a7aef14-e5a9-4b2a-aff2-2e10682e9d63.jpg", "report": "This is not porokeratosis, as there are no granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1483, "question": "Can this chest pathology image be diagnosed as porokeratosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_8a7aef14-e5a9-4b2a-aff2-2e10682e9d63.jpg", "report": "This is not porokeratosis, as there are no granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1484, "question": "Is it possible to rule out porokeratosis based on the absence of granulomatous abnormalities and dyskeratotic keratinocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_8a7aef14-e5a9-4b2a-aff2-2e10682e9d63.jpg", "report": "This is not porokeratosis, as there are no granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1485, "question": "Can an acquired digital fibroma occur on the fingers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 1486, "question": "Is an acquired digital fibrokeratoma a congenital condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 1487, "question": "Are acquired digital fibromas typically associated with trauma or mechanical irritation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 1488, "question": "Is it common for acquired digital fibrokeratomas to present with pain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 1489, "question": "Are neutrophils present in the parakeratotic layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_e1e744d0-1856-4a65-822b-b9881906642d.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils present in acanthotic skin and parakeratotic layer."} {"question_id": 1490, "question": "Are neutrophils found in the acanthotic skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_e1e744d0-1856-4a65-822b-b9881906642d.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils present in acanthotic skin and parakeratotic layer."} {"question_id": 1491, "question": "Is there any evidence of lymphocytes in the provided pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_e1e744d0-1856-4a65-822b-b9881906642d.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils present in acanthotic skin and parakeratotic layer."} {"question_id": 1492, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate the presence of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "yGCjnNbC7Qs_image_e1e744d0-1856-4a65-822b-b9881906642d.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils present in acanthotic skin and parakeratotic layer."} {"question_id": 1493, "question": "Is granulation tissue a common finding in biopsies from patients with chlamydia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f6beef0e-7034-420f-94bb-c988b8bcb03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsies from patients with chlamydia and syphilis may show granulation tissue."} {"question_id": 1494, "question": "Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in granulation tissue associated with syphilis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f6beef0e-7034-420f-94bb-c988b8bcb03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsies from patients with chlamydia and syphilis may show granulation tissue."} {"question_id": 1495, "question": "Can granulation tissue be found in both chlamydia and syphilis infections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f6beef0e-7034-420f-94bb-c988b8bcb03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsies from patients with chlamydia and syphilis may show granulation tissue."} {"question_id": 1496, "question": "Is granulation tissue specific only to chlamydia infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f6beef0e-7034-420f-94bb-c988b8bcb03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsies from patients with chlamydia and syphilis may show granulation tissue."} {"question_id": 1497, "question": "Are xanthoma cells typically characterized by foamy cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bf291346-c4e7-4ac7-8f76-e87f659e4d0a.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1498, "question": "Are signet ring cells named for their resemblance to rings with a signet?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bf291346-c4e7-4ac7-8f76-e87f659e4d0a.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1499, "question": "Is gastric xanthoma a malignant condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bf291346-c4e7-4ac7-8f76-e87f659e4d0a.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1500, "question": "Are signet ring cells found in poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bf291346-c4e7-4ac7-8f76-e87f659e4d0a.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1501, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen’s disease a form of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1502, "question": "Does pigmented Bowen’s disease typically present with melanin pigmentation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1503, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen’s disease usually found in the deeper layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1504, "question": "Can pigmented Bowen’s disease be easily mistaken for melanoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e9947037-d23a-421e-a41c-750914e5a706.jpg", "report": "Diagnosis of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1505, "question": "Is there evidence of perineural invasion in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3395cdb9-1f87-47eb-a619-494519571fd3.jpg", "report": "No perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 1506, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show any signs of nerve involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3395cdb9-1f87-47eb-a619-494519571fd3.jpg", "report": "No perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 1507, "question": "Is the absence of perineural invasion a positive prognostic indicator?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3395cdb9-1f87-47eb-a619-494519571fd3.jpg", "report": "No perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 1508, "question": "Could the lack of perineural invasion suggest a less aggressive disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3395cdb9-1f87-47eb-a619-494519571fd3.jpg", "report": "No perineural invasion."} {"question_id": 1509, "question": "Is MUC4 stain used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 1510, "question": "Does MUC4 stain indicate the presence of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 1511, "question": "Is MUC4 stain used to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 1512, "question": "Can MUC4 stain differentiate between cellular intramuscular myxoma and other myxoid tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 1513, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells in the fibrovascular core indicative of a neural tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1514, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells negative for S100 and SOX10?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1515, "question": "Does the presence of well-defined nerve fascicles suggest a neural origin for the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1516, "question": "Is the fibrovascular core devoid of any nerve fascicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1517, "question": "Is there increased melanin pigment present within the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e36ae543-beb6-4d14-b8f4-ce18475d9a62.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 1518, "question": "Are dendritic melanocytes observed in the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e36ae543-beb6-4d14-b8f4-ce18475d9a62.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 1520, "question": "Is the increased melanin pigment limited to the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e36ae543-beb6-4d14-b8f4-ce18475d9a62.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 1521, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show evidence of septal panniculitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Septal and lobular panniculitis are present with distortion of the fat architecture."} {"question_id": 1522, "question": "Is there preservation of the normal fat architecture in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Septal and lobular panniculitis are present with distortion of the fat architecture."} {"question_id": 1523, "question": "Can lobular panniculitis be identified in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Septal and lobular panniculitis are present with distortion of the fat architecture."} {"question_id": 1524, "question": "Are the findings consistent with an absence of panniculitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Septal and lobular panniculitis are present with distortion of the fat architecture."} {"question_id": 1526, "question": "Can the spindle cells appear oval or round depending on the angle of sectioning?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The spindle cells are thin and bland, and can appear oval or round depending on the angle of sectioning."} {"question_id": 1527, "question": "Do the spindle cells display significant atypia or pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_4097825f-1098-41ce-81f2-a72d488bacdf.jpg", "report": "The spindle cells are thin and bland, and can appear oval or round depending on the angle of sectioning."} {"question_id": 1528, "question": "Does the colonic biopsy show any evidence of dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_84ca4e8c-0f3e-4aeb-92b9-cf2ef6a76171.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 1529, "question": "Are the epithelial cells in the colonic biopsy arranged in a single layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_84ca4e8c-0f3e-4aeb-92b9-cf2ef6a76171.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 1530, "question": "Is there any indication of inflammatory infiltrate in the colonic biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_84ca4e8c-0f3e-4aeb-92b9-cf2ef6a76171.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 1531, "question": "Does the colonic biopsy show the presence of mucin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_84ca4e8c-0f3e-4aeb-92b9-cf2ef6a76171.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 1532, "question": "Is CD68 a marker for macrophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8bf80de-fda4-4f96-afa6-e8678c34a8dd.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1533, "question": "Does CD68 positivity indicate the presence of xanthoma cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8bf80de-fda4-4f96-afa6-e8678c34a8dd.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1534, "question": "Are xanthoma cells typically negative for CD68?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8bf80de-fda4-4f96-afa6-e8678c34a8dd.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1535, "question": "Is CD68 positivity exclusive to xanthoma and not seen in other conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8bf80de-fda4-4f96-afa6-e8678c34a8dd.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1536, "question": "Does the biopsy show evidence of urethritis cystica et glandularis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3fe06ba9-e820-454a-b109-7db48ba3427e.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 1537, "question": "Are the dissecting pools of mucin observed in the tissue indicative of malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3fe06ba9-e820-454a-b109-7db48ba3427e.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 1538, "question": "Is there evidence of goblet cell formation in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3fe06ba9-e820-454a-b109-7db48ba3427e.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 1539, "question": "Does the presence of goblet cells in the biopsy indicate advanced stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_3fe06ba9-e820-454a-b109-7db48ba3427e.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 1540, "question": "Is the cornified layer present in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1541, "question": "Does the pathology image show a loss of the outermost layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1542, "question": "Is the cornified layer intact in the patient's chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1543, "question": "Can an excisional biopsy be used to remove the entire lesion for diagnostic purposes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 1544, "question": "Are deep shaves typically used for superficial lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 1545, "question": "Is an incisional biopsy performed to obtain a sample from a specific part of a lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 1546, "question": "Are all deep shaves meant to remove the entire depth of the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e989ed10-d52e-4a88-ac90-7846a71da574.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 1547, "question": "Is disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) potentially associated with a neoplastic process in older individuals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1548, "question": "Is disseminated GA typically a localized skin condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1549, "question": "Can disseminated GA present as a perineoplastic process in younger individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1550, "question": "Is disseminated GA more likely to be seen in older individuals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 1551, "question": "Is the tumor described a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 1552, "question": "Can this type of tumor be mistaken for a neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 1553, "question": "Is the tumor classified as a high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_aacf1417-2253-4b8d-8465-726c7d25bc75.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a variation of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, which can be confused with the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma."} {"question_id": 1555, "question": "Is cryptitis indicative of inflammation in the crypts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "report": "The observed cryptitis and crypt abscess suggest inflammation in the area."} {"question_id": 1556, "question": "Are crypt abscesses typically found in healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "report": "The observed cryptitis and crypt abscess suggest inflammation in the area."} {"question_id": 1557, "question": "Can cryptitis lead to the formation of crypt abscesses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "report": "The observed cryptitis and crypt abscess suggest inflammation in the area."} {"question_id": 1558, "question": "Is cryptitis usually associated with a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e7c27242-cbd6-4dcd-9835-a28dd29ffa63.jpg", "report": "The observed cryptitis and crypt abscess suggest inflammation in the area."} {"question_id": 1559, "question": "Are neurofibromas associated with hyalinization in collagen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_15576c1f-b05a-4451-b3cb-d77bb99212fd.jpg", "report": "Neurofibromas may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that is seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 1560, "question": "Is hyalinization observed around larger vessels in cases of neurofibromas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_15576c1f-b05a-4451-b3cb-d77bb99212fd.jpg", "report": "Neurofibromas may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that is seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 1561, "question": "Can neurofibromas involve smaller blood vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_15576c1f-b05a-4451-b3cb-d77bb99212fd.jpg", "report": "Neurofibromas may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that is seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 1562, "question": "Are neurofibromas typically unrelated to changes in collagen around vessels?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_15576c1f-b05a-4451-b3cb-d77bb99212fd.jpg", "report": "Neurofibromas may be related to the hyalinization in collagen that is seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 1563, "question": "Are cellular intramuscular myxomas typically characterized by a myxoid stroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bdc636a4-5955-45d6-9463-7f5bb403406a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1564, "question": "Is it easy to differentiate cellular intramuscular myxoma from fibrous areas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bdc636a4-5955-45d6-9463-7f5bb403406a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1565, "question": "Do cellular intramuscular myxomas often exhibit a high cellular density?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bdc636a4-5955-45d6-9463-7f5bb403406a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1566, "question": "Can cellular intramuscular myxomas be mistaken for more cellular areas in imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_bdc636a4-5955-45d6-9463-7f5bb403406a.jpg", "report": "The narrator mentions cellular intramuscular myxoma and the challenges in differentiating it from fibrous and more cellular areas."} {"question_id": 1567, "question": "Does the image show the presence of a cornified layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1568, "question": "Is the loss of the cornified layer indicative of a pathological condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1569, "question": "Can the loss of the cornified layer be associated with some dermatological disorders?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1570, "question": "Is the cornified layer typically absent in healthy skin tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e29262c3-0d70-4b0a-a6c2-41a0befaa599.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 1571, "question": "Is the lesion described as malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cae41cbd-290a-4198-9071-bd865fd42899.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1572, "question": "Does the lesion involve dilated blood vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cae41cbd-290a-4198-9071-bd865fd42899.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1573, "question": "Are there proliferating sebaceous lobules present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cae41cbd-290a-4198-9071-bd865fd42899.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1574, "question": "Is the lesion described as a carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cae41cbd-290a-4198-9071-bd865fd42899.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 1575, "question": "Is intraglandular epithelial proliferation associated with high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1576, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia typically lack intraglandular epithelial proliferation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1577, "question": "Can intraglandular epithelial proliferation be a sign of low-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1578, "question": "Is the presence of intraglandular epithelial proliferation a concerning feature in pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3ab9b09a-230e-4d73-8ba3-400b1477d871.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1579, "question": "Are plasma cells absent in the infiltrate in this condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1580, "question": "Does the absence of plasma cells help differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1581, "question": "Are plasma cells commonly found in Kaposi sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1582, "question": "Can the presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate indicate this condition is Kaposi sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate helps to differentiate this condition from Kaposi sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1583, "question": "Is squamous morphology a characteristic feature in MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b1297ed1-a8ed-4620-b33e-62d5b1a42cca.jpg", "report": "Squamous morphology is often seen in MAC."} {"question_id": 1584, "question": "Are lymphocytes predominantly seen in MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b1297ed1-a8ed-4620-b33e-62d5b1a42cca.jpg", "report": "Squamous morphology is often seen in MAC."} {"question_id": 1585, "question": "Can squamous morphology be an indicator of MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) in a chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b1297ed1-a8ed-4620-b33e-62d5b1a42cca.jpg", "report": "Squamous morphology is often seen in MAC."} {"question_id": 1586, "question": "Is the presence of squamous morphology exclusive to MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_b1297ed1-a8ed-4620-b33e-62d5b1a42cca.jpg", "report": "Squamous morphology is often seen in MAC."} {"question_id": 1587, "question": "Are fibroblasts involved in the production of protein fibers in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_3d5ac809-c102-4ef5-80a0-7c8c842587f1.jpg", "report": "Fibroblasts are responsible for producing the protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1588, "question": "Do fibroblasts produce protein fibers in epithelial tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_3d5ac809-c102-4ef5-80a0-7c8c842587f1.jpg", "report": "Fibroblasts are responsible for producing the protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1589, "question": "Can fibroblasts be found in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_3d5ac809-c102-4ef5-80a0-7c8c842587f1.jpg", "report": "Fibroblasts are responsible for producing the protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1590, "question": "Are fibroblasts responsible for producing collagen and elastin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_3d5ac809-c102-4ef5-80a0-7c8c842587f1.jpg", "report": "Fibroblasts are responsible for producing the protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1591, "question": "Is small cell carcinoma typically associated with a high mitotic rate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_27eb32f0-f4c5-433c-a8c2-0391c7ec9b53.jpg", "report": "Identification of small cell carcinoma with necrosis."} {"question_id": 1592, "question": "Does small cell carcinoma commonly present without any necrosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_27eb32f0-f4c5-433c-a8c2-0391c7ec9b53.jpg", "report": "Identification of small cell carcinoma with necrosis."} {"question_id": 1593, "question": "Are small cell carcinoma cells usually larger than those of other types of lung cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_27eb32f0-f4c5-433c-a8c2-0391c7ec9b53.jpg", "report": "Identification of small cell carcinoma with necrosis."} {"question_id": 1594, "question": "Can the presence of necrosis be indicative of a more aggressive form of small cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_27eb32f0-f4c5-433c-a8c2-0391c7ec9b53.jpg", "report": "Identification of small cell carcinoma with necrosis."} {"question_id": 1595, "question": "Is intraglandular epithelial proliferation indicative of high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1596, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia involve only the stromal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1597, "question": "Can intraglandular epithelial proliferation be a sign of malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1598, "question": "Is high-grade dysplasia typically associated with low-grade cellular abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_db9604e5-bd2a-49f1-ba3b-c70944238020.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 1599, "question": "Is the stain for CMV positive in this patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The stain for CMV was positive, despite the absence of cytomegalic cells."} {"question_id": 1600, "question": "Are cytomegalic cells present in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The stain for CMV was positive, despite the absence of cytomegalic cells."} {"question_id": 1601, "question": "Is the presence of cytomegalic cells necessary for a positive CMV stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_35239e77-655a-460b-b8bd-f010e24f88f8.jpg", "report": "The stain for CMV was positive, despite the absence of cytomegalic cells."} {"question_id": 1602, "question": "Is racemase predominantly positive in prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "Racemase is predominantly negative in prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1603, "question": "Can racemase negativity be a characteristic feature in diagnosing prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "Racemase is predominantly negative in prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1604, "question": "Does a negative racemase result rule out prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "Racemase is predominantly negative in prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1605, "question": "Are there cases where racemase can be positive in prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "Racemase is predominantly negative in prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1606, "question": "Is Cellular DF with lipid accumulation commonly found on the ankle of legs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_98207f81-8fee-42a2-9952-21a4f716c4ab.jpg", "report": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the ankle of legs and is also known as ankle type DF."} {"question_id": 1607, "question": "Is the presence of lipid accumulation a characteristic feature of Cellular DF?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_98207f81-8fee-42a2-9952-21a4f716c4ab.jpg", "report": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the ankle of legs and is also known as ankle type DF."} {"question_id": 1608, "question": "Can Cellular DF with lipid accumulation be located on the arms?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_98207f81-8fee-42a2-9952-21a4f716c4ab.jpg", "report": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the ankle of legs and is also known as ankle type DF."} {"question_id": 1609, "question": "Is Cellular DF with lipid accumulation also known as ankle type DF?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_98207f81-8fee-42a2-9952-21a4f716c4ab.jpg", "report": "Cellular DF with lipid accumulation is commonly located on the ankle of legs and is also known as ankle type DF."} {"question_id": 1610, "question": "Is CD68 positivity indicative of a xanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1611, "question": "Are xanthoma cells negative for CD68 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1612, "question": "Does CD68 staining help in identifying histiocytes in xanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1613, "question": "Can xanthoma be diagnosed without CD68 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 1614, "question": "Are cribriform glands present in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "report": "The biopsy shows a busy appearance with few benign glands and some cribriform glands."} {"question_id": 1615, "question": "Do the biopsy findings suggest a predominantly malignant process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "report": "The biopsy shows a busy appearance with few benign glands and some cribriform glands."} {"question_id": 1616, "question": "Are there few benign glands observed in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "report": "The biopsy shows a busy appearance with few benign glands and some cribriform glands."} {"question_id": 1617, "question": "Is the appearance of the biopsy relatively inactive or sparse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_e14ab13a-e981-42a6-8f7b-157c3d113a12.jpg", "report": "The biopsy shows a busy appearance with few benign glands and some cribriform glands."} {"question_id": 1618, "question": "Is a diffuse pattern between lipocytes indicative of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP."} {"question_id": 1619, "question": "Are lipocytes the primary cells involved in the pathology of DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP."} {"question_id": 1620, "question": "Is DFSP associated with a localized rather than a diffuse cellular pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP."} {"question_id": 1621, "question": "Can DFSP be characterized by the interaction between and among lipocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_98c4a67e-3d00-4305-a909-bf584c2ec7a5.jpg", "report": "The presence of a diffuse pattern between and among lipocytes is characteristic of DFSP."} {"question_id": 1622, "question": "Is Follicular lymphoma characterized by the presence of CD20-positive cells in the follicle areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas."} {"question_id": 1623, "question": "Does Follicular lymphoma typically show negative staining for BCL6 in the follicle areas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas."} {"question_id": 1624, "question": "Are CD20 and BCL6 important markers for diagnosing Follicular lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas."} {"question_id": 1625, "question": "Is Follicular lymphoma usually negative for T-cell markers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas."} {"question_id": 1626, "question": "Can Follicular lymphoma be diagnosed without the presence of CD20?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_87e1a3ac-6bb3-4783-b988-5b839a4aa76c.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma is strongly positive for CD20 and BCL6 in the follicle areas."} {"question_id": 1627, "question": "Are the nodules in the tumor described as having a prominent round cell appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 1628, "question": "Do the small round blue cells in the tumor resemble those found in a neuroblastoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 1629, "question": "Is the tumor described as having a collagen-poor structure?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 1630, "question": "Are the collagen-rich rosettes in the tumor small and inconspicuous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_85c0ccc4-360e-44bc-84d0-3c033ab285e7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with big collagen rich rosettes and a prominent round cell appearance around the edge of the rim of the nodules, resembling small round blue cells of a neuroblastoma."} {"question_id": 1631, "question": "Are the nuclei in the provided chest pathology image significantly larger than normal prostate nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25cf08c9-c9d9-4441-a9ec-9d3954d4c095.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1632, "question": "Is the enlargement of nuclei described in the chest pathology report typical for normal prostate tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25cf08c9-c9d9-4441-a9ec-9d3954d4c095.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1633, "question": "Could the presence of nuclei about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei indicate a pathological condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25cf08c9-c9d9-4441-a9ec-9d3954d4c095.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1634, "question": "Are the nuclei in the chest pathology image described as only slightly larger than normal?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25cf08c9-c9d9-4441-a9ec-9d3954d4c095.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1635, "question": "Are atrophic features present in the glands? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_05dba902-598b-4a20-8adc-2854635c352e.jpg", "report": "Description of atrophic features in glands with some changes in interluminal mucin and pink secretions."} {"question_id": 1636, "question": "Is there evidence of interluminal mucin in the glands? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_05dba902-598b-4a20-8adc-2854635c352e.jpg", "report": "Description of atrophic features in glands with some changes in interluminal mucin and pink secretions."} {"question_id": 1637, "question": "Are pink secretions absent in the described pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_05dba902-598b-4a20-8adc-2854635c352e.jpg", "report": "Description of atrophic features in glands with some changes in interluminal mucin and pink secretions."} {"question_id": 1639, "question": "Are peritoneal cells typically found in the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach, where peritoneal cells, mucincycletine cells, and chief cells are present."} {"question_id": 1640, "question": "Are mucincycletine cells present in the stomach biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach, where peritoneal cells, mucincycletine cells, and chief cells are present."} {"question_id": 1641, "question": "Are chief cells a normal component of stomach tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach, where peritoneal cells, mucincycletine cells, and chief cells are present."} {"question_id": 1642, "question": "Is the presence of peritoneal cells in the stomach biopsy considered normal?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_753d9b8c-367b-4d02-9609-187d48ccfe78.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is taken from the body of the stomach, where peritoneal cells, mucincycletine cells, and chief cells are present."} {"question_id": 1643, "question": "Are localized abnormalities in the epithelium often associated with somatic mutations?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_73ee6627-c4ef-4043-864e-d1bd58954a72.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 1644, "question": "Can somatic mutations lead to clear cell acanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_73ee6627-c4ef-4043-864e-d1bd58954a72.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 1645, "question": "Are somatic mutations unrelated to poro and clear cell acanthoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_73ee6627-c4ef-4043-864e-d1bd58954a72.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 1646, "question": "Is clear cell acanthoma a condition that affects the epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_73ee6627-c4ef-4043-864e-d1bd58954a72.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 1647, "question": "Are xanthoma cells typically characterized by lipid-laden macrophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_95f5a715-49dc-467d-bf1f-236523a6de84.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1648, "question": "Are signet ring cells commonly found in gastric xanthoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_95f5a715-49dc-467d-bf1f-236523a6de84.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1649, "question": "Is poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma associated with a high degree of nuclear pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_95f5a715-49dc-467d-bf1f-236523a6de84.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1650, "question": "Are nuclear placements in xanthoma cells usually eccentric?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_95f5a715-49dc-467d-bf1f-236523a6de84.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1651, "question": "Is the infiltrate present in the dermis in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 1652, "question": "Does the infiltrate extend into the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 1653, "question": "Is the infiltrate confined only to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 1654, "question": "Was a small punch biopsy taken in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_feb3aa17-235d-4760-9899-94f3bc0c6832.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 1655, "question": "Are large histiocytes found in this chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes with organisms present within the cytoplasm are seen."} {"question_id": 1656, "question": "Are the organisms located outside the cytoplasm of the histiocytes? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes with organisms present within the cytoplasm are seen."} {"question_id": 1657, "question": "Is the presence of organisms within the cytoplasm of histiocytes indicative of an infection? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes with organisms present within the cytoplasm are seen."} {"question_id": 1658, "question": "Are small lymphocytes predominant in this chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_653124da-8816-48ca-93a4-468df20be9f0.jpg", "report": "Large histiocytes with organisms present within the cytoplasm are seen."} {"question_id": 1659, "question": "Is the tumor of mesenchymal origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin."} {"question_id": 1660, "question": "Does the tumor have an epithelial origin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin."} {"question_id": 1661, "question": "Can this tumor be classified under epithelial neoplasms?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin."} {"question_id": 1662, "question": "Is the tumor likely to originate from connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor has an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin."} {"question_id": 1663, "question": "Is mitosis commonly observed in dysplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d477ea46-68f9-45cd-bf5a-96f137d0ebee.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 1664, "question": "Can apoptosis be a feature of dysplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d477ea46-68f9-45cd-bf5a-96f137d0ebee.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 1665, "question": "Are mitosis and apoptosis absent in normal, non-dysplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d477ea46-68f9-45cd-bf5a-96f137d0ebee.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 1666, "question": "Does the presence of mitosis and apoptosis indicate a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d477ea46-68f9-45cd-bf5a-96f137d0ebee.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 1667, "question": "Was the tissue sample taken using an elliptical excision technique?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 1668, "question": "Are the tissue samples cut into thin slices referred to as \"bread loaves\" for histological examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 1669, "question": "Was a needle biopsy used to obtain the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 1670, "question": "Is the purpose of cutting the excised tissue into bread loaves to facilitate microscopic analysis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Elliptical excision was taken and cut into bread loaves for histological examination."} {"question_id": 1671, "question": "Are the proximal biopsies endoscopically abnormal?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Proximal biopsies are normal endoscopically and histologically."} {"question_id": 1672, "question": "Do the proximal biopsies show any histological abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Proximal biopsies are normal endoscopically and histologically."} {"question_id": 1674, "question": "Are the glands in the chest pathology report benign despite the presence of basal cell hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_018f29b1-c570-497d-9129-98642a46a135.jpg", "report": "Benign nature of the glands despite the presence of basal cell hyperplasia"} {"question_id": 1675, "question": "Does the presence of basal cell hyperplasia indicate a malignant condition in this chest pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_018f29b1-c570-497d-9129-98642a46a135.jpg", "report": "Benign nature of the glands despite the presence of basal cell hyperplasia"} {"question_id": 1676, "question": "Is basal cell hyperplasia observed in this chest pathology report?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_018f29b1-c570-497d-9129-98642a46a135.jpg", "report": "Benign nature of the glands despite the presence of basal cell hyperplasia"} {"question_id": 1677, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation associated with nerve damage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1678, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1679, "question": "Does sarcoid granulomatous inflammation typically present without any nerve involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1680, "question": "Can sarcoid granulomatous inflammation be identified by the presence of granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f5d32450-1d57-43e4-a560-1a822381f3a3.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1681, "question": "Does the tissue sample contain nail bed epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1682, "question": "Is there evidence of bone tissue present in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1683, "question": "Does the sample include matrix epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1684, "question": "Are there any signs of muscle tissue in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1685, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit a cribriform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bcdaf0fd-b7ab-4e36-853b-eb7f0e43a144.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1686, "question": "Are the epithelial islands in the tumor composed of only one cell type?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bcdaf0fd-b7ab-4e36-853b-eb7f0e43a144.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1687, "question": "Is the stroma of the tumor described as loose and edematous?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bcdaf0fd-b7ab-4e36-853b-eb7f0e43a144.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1689, "question": "Are fibroblasts the primary cells responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_4ad96366-3195-4299-85ca-1e2b799b8a27.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1690, "question": "Do epithelial cells produce the majority of protein fibers in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_4ad96366-3195-4299-85ca-1e2b799b8a27.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1691, "question": "Are collagen fibers a type of protein fiber found in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_4ad96366-3195-4299-85ca-1e2b799b8a27.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1692, "question": "Are macrophages the main cell type involved in the production of ground substance in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_4ad96366-3195-4299-85ca-1e2b799b8a27.jpg", "report": "Identification of the cell type responsible for producing protein fibers and ground substance in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 1693, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells present in the chest pathology image positive with S100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1694, "question": "Is the diagnosis of the chest pathology image consistent with a rudimentary supernumerary digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1695, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells negative with SOX10 in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1696, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show poorly defined nerve fascicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ad937ed9-c964-4790-801d-07e966b97fd9.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 1697, "question": "Are the particles within the histiocytes uniformly sized?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1698, "question": "Is there a significant variation in the size of particles within the histiocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1699, "question": "Do histiocytes typically have uniform-sized particles in all conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1700, "question": "Can the variability in particle size within histiocytes be a diagnostic feature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1701, "question": "Are multinucleated giant cells indicative of a response to foreign material?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_dce55910-0eb2-475d-928a-24c30c1dd36e.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1702, "question": "Do multinucleated giant cells form around easily phagocytosed material?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_dce55910-0eb2-475d-928a-24c30c1dd36e.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1703, "question": "Can multinucleated giant cells be classified as foreign body giant cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_dce55910-0eb2-475d-928a-24c30c1dd36e.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1704, "question": "Is the presence of multinucleated giant cells exclusive to infectious processes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "rHSTVT91c8Q_image_dce55910-0eb2-475d-928a-24c30c1dd36e.jpg", "report": "Multinucleated giant cells are foreign body giant cells seen around foreign material that cannot be easily phagocytosed or destroyed."} {"question_id": 1705, "question": "Are the cells present in the chest pathology image characterized by round to oval nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f67d5747-1b9d-404c-8cc5-a2bb75b7f620.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1706, "question": "Is eosinophilic cytoplasm a feature observed in the cells present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f67d5747-1b9d-404c-8cc5-a2bb75b7f620.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1707, "question": "Are the cells in the chest pathology image limited to having only one type of nucleus shape?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f67d5747-1b9d-404c-8cc5-a2bb75b7f620.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1708, "question": "Is the cytoplasm of the cells in the chest pathology image described as dark gray?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f67d5747-1b9d-404c-8cc5-a2bb75b7f620.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 1709, "question": "Can pigmented Bowen’s disease resemble other benign skin conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8c36ddc3-2ca4-41c0-ba10-e244e318a521.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1710, "question": "Is it necessary to check for orderly maturation in pigmented Bowen’s disease to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8c36ddc3-2ca4-41c0-ba10-e244e318a521.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1711, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen’s disease always indicative of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8c36ddc3-2ca4-41c0-ba10-e244e318a521.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1712, "question": "Can pigmented Bowen’s disease be diagnosed without considering its resemblance to other conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8c36ddc3-2ca4-41c0-ba10-e244e318a521.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 1713, "question": "Is the glomerulus in the sample compressed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_96720733-883a-441c-8c53-78f26aca6029.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 1714, "question": "Are there fibrous crescents present in the sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_96720733-883a-441c-8c53-78f26aca6029.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 1715, "question": "Can the crescents in the sample be classified as only fibrous cellular crescents?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_96720733-883a-441c-8c53-78f26aca6029.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 1716, "question": "Does the sample shown include both fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_96720733-883a-441c-8c53-78f26aca6029.jpg", "report": "The glomerulus is compressed and surrounded by a crescent, which can be classified as either a fibrous crescent or a fibrous cellular crescent. The sample shown has both types of crescents present."} {"question_id": 1717, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophils a key feature in hypereosinophilic syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_a1b6e813-bf95-44a8-8556-60f1199ad5d4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of interstitial inflammation and possible diagnoses, including Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome."} {"question_id": 1718, "question": "Does Wells syndrome typically involve granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_a1b6e813-bf95-44a8-8556-60f1199ad5d4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of interstitial inflammation and possible diagnoses, including Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome."} {"question_id": 1719, "question": "Can interstitial inflammation be a characteristic finding in both Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_a1b6e813-bf95-44a8-8556-60f1199ad5d4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of interstitial inflammation and possible diagnoses, including Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome."} {"question_id": 1720, "question": "Is neutrophilic infiltration a hallmark of Wells syndrome?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_a1b6e813-bf95-44a8-8556-60f1199ad5d4.jpg", "report": "Discussion of interstitial inflammation and possible diagnoses, including Wells syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome."} {"question_id": 1721, "question": "Is the tumor likely to be mistaken for a perineurioma under histologic examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a histologic mimic of perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1722, "question": "Can the tumor be easily identified as a high-grade sarcoma based on histology alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a histologic mimic of perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1723, "question": "Is it necessary to consider low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of this tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "The tumor is a histologic mimic of perineurioma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 1724, "question": "Can elastic tissue strain help differentiate between veins and arteries in a chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "report": "Identification of vein or artery based on elastic tissue strain."} {"question_id": 1725, "question": "Are veins typically characterized by a thicker elastic tissue layer compared to arteries?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "report": "Identification of vein or artery based on elastic tissue strain."} {"question_id": 1726, "question": "Is it possible to identify an artery in a chest pathology image by observing the presence of elastic tissue strain?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "report": "Identification of vein or artery based on elastic tissue strain."} {"question_id": 1727, "question": "Are veins usually identified by the absence of elastic tissue strain in chest pathology images?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_13da7322-e4b8-4a3d-8db9-cba386461840.jpg", "report": "Identification of vein or artery based on elastic tissue strain."} {"question_id": 1728, "question": "Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image likely to be nevus cells or melanocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_9b37fead-13ef-4620-bd53-a99d29e3039f.jpg", "report": "The cells being observed are likely nevus cells or melanocytes, which are showing regression and have vesicular nuclei."} {"question_id": 1729, "question": "Is there evidence of regression in the cells being observed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_9b37fead-13ef-4620-bd53-a99d29e3039f.jpg", "report": "The cells being observed are likely nevus cells or melanocytes, which are showing regression and have vesicular nuclei."} {"question_id": 1730, "question": "Do the observed cells have vesicular nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_9b37fead-13ef-4620-bd53-a99d29e3039f.jpg", "report": "The cells being observed are likely nevus cells or melanocytes, which are showing regression and have vesicular nuclei."} {"question_id": 1731, "question": "Are the cells being observed likely to be squamous epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_9b37fead-13ef-4620-bd53-a99d29e3039f.jpg", "report": "The cells being observed are likely nevus cells or melanocytes, which are showing regression and have vesicular nuclei."} {"question_id": 1732, "question": "Is Glut-1 typically negative in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 1733, "question": "Are there occasional reports of positive Glut-1 staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 1734, "question": "Is Glut-1 staining commonly positive in high-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 1735, "question": "Is Glut-1 a reliable marker for differentiating between perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1e4ca39c-40f6-492b-b7c7-c8e20bfaf5f5.jpg", "report": "Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas, but there are rare reports of positive staining in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas."} {"question_id": 1736, "question": "Are muscle bundles present in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 1737, "question": "Does the presence of muscle bundles in the lamina propria indicate atrophy of the muscularis mucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 1738, "question": "Is hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa associated with an increase in muscle bundles in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 1739, "question": "Are the muscle bundles seen in the lamina propria due to hypertrophy of the muscularis mucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ee9486d9-d74a-4c27-815d-5c02fa6616ac.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 1740, "question": "Can a small subset of cases display increased cellularity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b06fa2cd-0137-4098-a925-6354fb23cc07.jpg", "report": "A small subset of cases (around 10%) may have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance."} {"question_id": 1741, "question": "Are pleomorphic cells commonly found in the majority of cases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b06fa2cd-0137-4098-a925-6354fb23cc07.jpg", "report": "A small subset of cases (around 10%) may have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance."} {"question_id": 1742, "question": "Is the appearance of round cells or epithelioid cells observed in around 10% of cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b06fa2cd-0137-4098-a925-6354fb23cc07.jpg", "report": "A small subset of cases (around 10%) may have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance."} {"question_id": 1743, "question": "Do all cases exhibit areas with increased cellularity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b06fa2cd-0137-4098-a925-6354fb23cc07.jpg", "report": "A small subset of cases (around 10%) may have areas with increased cellularity, scattered pleomorphism, a round cell or epithelioid cell appearance."} {"question_id": 1744, "question": "Are the particles within the histiocytes uniform in size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1745, "question": "Do histiocytes contain particles of varying sizes in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1746, "question": "Is the variability in particle size within histiocytes insignificant for diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_86c69d80-19b3-425b-a70b-4ffd6a5700ff.jpg", "report": "The size of the particles within the histiocytes is markedly variable."} {"question_id": 1747, "question": "Are histiocytes involved in the immune response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_27c0dd24-eb37-496d-b955-579d7c5d1027.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 1748, "question": "Is hemocyanin typically found in human tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_27c0dd24-eb37-496d-b955-579d7c5d1027.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 1749, "question": "Can hemocyanin presence within histiocytes indicate a foreign body reaction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_27c0dd24-eb37-496d-b955-579d7c5d1027.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 1750, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells containing hemocyanin in this report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_27c0dd24-eb37-496d-b955-579d7c5d1027.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 1751, "question": "Is the process infiltrating between benign glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1752, "question": "Does the process respect the benign glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1753, "question": "Are the benign glands being destroyed by the infiltrating process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1754, "question": "Is it difficult to diagnose when the process infiltrates between benign glands but respects them?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1755, "question": "Is CMV infection characterized by nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e2e8ea2e-d7e1-43d2-b645-27fe3e63b561.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1756, "question": "Does CMV infection primarily affect epithelial cells first?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e2e8ea2e-d7e1-43d2-b645-27fe3e63b561.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1757, "question": "Can CMV infection lead to vasculitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e2e8ea2e-d7e1-43d2-b645-27fe3e63b561.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1758, "question": "Does CMV infection typically spare endothelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e2e8ea2e-d7e1-43d2-b645-27fe3e63b561.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1759, "question": "Are proliferative cells typically associated with increased ATP activity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of proliferative cells with ATP and hyperplastic glands."} {"question_id": 1760, "question": "Do hyperplastic glands indicate a reduction in cell proliferation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of proliferative cells with ATP and hyperplastic glands."} {"question_id": 1761, "question": "Can hyperplastic glands be a sign of benign conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of proliferative cells with ATP and hyperplastic glands."} {"question_id": 1762, "question": "Are proliferative cells with ATP generally found in non-proliferative tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of proliferative cells with ATP and hyperplastic glands."} {"question_id": 1763, "question": "Are hemosiderin deposits indicative of prior hemorrhage within the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemosiderin and foamy areas in some regions."} {"question_id": 1764, "question": "Does the presence of foamy areas suggest lipid accumulation or macrophage activity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemosiderin and foamy areas in some regions."} {"question_id": 1765, "question": "Are hemosiderin and foamy areas typically seen in normal, healthy lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemosiderin and foamy areas in some regions."} {"question_id": 1766, "question": "Can the presence of hemosiderin alone definitively diagnose a specific pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemosiderin and foamy areas in some regions."} {"question_id": 1771, "question": "Are follicular neoplasms usually associated with a fibrous stroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Follicular neoplasms commonly have a fibrous stroma, which is helpful in diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1772, "question": "Can the presence of a fibrous stroma aid in the diagnosis of follicular neoplasms?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Follicular neoplasms commonly have a fibrous stroma, which is helpful in diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1773, "question": "Are follicular neoplasms typically devoid of any fibrous stroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Follicular neoplasms commonly have a fibrous stroma, which is helpful in diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1774, "question": "Is identifying a fibrous stroma irrelevant in diagnosing follicular neoplasms?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_149214c6-8962-445f-97b4-994109a88c61.jpg", "report": "Follicular neoplasms commonly have a fibrous stroma, which is helpful in diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1775, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation commonly associated with nerve damage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1776, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1777, "question": "Can sarcoid granulomatous inflammation lead to nerve involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1778, "question": "Is it uncommon to see granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis around nerves?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 1779, "question": "Was the re-biopsy conducted after treatment for sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Re-biopsy showed no more granulomas after treatment for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1780, "question": "Did the re-biopsy reveal the presence of granulomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Re-biopsy showed no more granulomas after treatment for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1781, "question": "Can sarcoidosis treatment result in the disappearance of granulomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Re-biopsy showed no more granulomas after treatment for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1782, "question": "Is the persistence of granulomas a sign of successful sarcoidosis treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "Re-biopsy showed no more granulomas after treatment for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1783, "question": "Is MART1 staining indicative of melanocytic origin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "Presence of a tiny nested component and melanoma in situ component that stained with MART1."} {"question_id": 1784, "question": "Does the presence of MART1 staining confirm a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "Presence of a tiny nested component and melanoma in situ component that stained with MART1."} {"question_id": 1785, "question": "Can melanoma in situ be identified by the staining of MART1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "Presence of a tiny nested component and melanoma in situ component that stained with MART1."} {"question_id": 1787, "question": "Is the lesion commonly found on the thumb?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2c74cb7e-8b94-4978-b90b-ef18b3b1034a.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 1788, "question": "Does the lesion tend to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2c74cb7e-8b94-4978-b90b-ef18b3b1034a.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 1789, "question": "Can the lesion be present on both hands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2c74cb7e-8b94-4978-b90b-ef18b3b1034a.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 1790, "question": "Is the lesion typically found on the radial side of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2c74cb7e-8b94-4978-b90b-ef18b3b1034a.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 1791, "question": "Are the nuclei in the chest pathology image significantly enlarged compared to normal prostate nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1792, "question": "Are the enlarged nuclei in the chest pathology image twice the size of normal prostate nuclei?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1793, "question": "Can the enlarged nuclei in the chest pathology image be indicative of a malignant process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1794, "question": "Are the nuclei described in the chest pathology image of normal size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f98d30b9-5304-4210-b9f8-92fc429a8533.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 1795, "question": "Is the neoplasm in MAC diffuse in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e04d68b3-554b-418e-b777-8f951e77631e.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 1796, "question": "Does MAC exhibit a high number of mitoses?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e04d68b3-554b-418e-b777-8f951e77631e.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 1797, "question": "Can individual cellular atypia be commonly observed in MAC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e04d68b3-554b-418e-b777-8f951e77631e.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 1798, "question": "Is MAC considered a neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e04d68b3-554b-418e-b777-8f951e77631e.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 1799, "question": "Is CD20 IHC strongly positive in this case? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 1800, "question": "Does a strongly positive CD20 IHC indicate Hodgkin lymphoma? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 1801, "question": "Is the likely diagnosis non-Hodgkin lymphoma in this patient? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 1802, "question": "Can the subtype possibly be diffuse large B cell type? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_4b10e799-b399-4e91-af37-ab7b4f335854.jpg", "report": "CD20 IHC is strongly positive, indicating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly diffuse large B cell type."} {"question_id": 1803, "question": "Are the smooth muscle bundles in the small bowel infiltrated by lymphomatous cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_fcb0d9d7-5bc4-4b78-8660-87d8e30e190d.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1804, "question": "Does the infiltration of lymphomatous cells cause abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_fcb0d9d7-5bc4-4b78-8660-87d8e30e190d.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1805, "question": "Are the smooth muscle bundles unaffected by the lymphomatous cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_fcb0d9d7-5bc4-4b78-8660-87d8e30e190d.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1806, "question": "Is the presence of lymphomatous cells in the small bowel's smooth muscle bundles indicative of a healthy tissue state?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "gcLu6sNtYoc_image_fcb0d9d7-5bc4-4b78-8660-87d8e30e190d.jpg", "report": "Smooth muscle bundles are infiltrated by lymphomatous cells in the wall of the small bowel, causing abnormal appearance and ulceration of the mucosa."} {"question_id": 1807, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cells indicative of a high-grade malignancy in the biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a44d68c9-acf0-4267-9a47-d8084aad27ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 1808, "question": "Can high-grade malignancy in a biopsy suggest an aggressive form of cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a44d68c9-acf0-4267-9a47-d8084aad27ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 1809, "question": "Are well-differentiated cells typically found in high-grade malignancies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a44d68c9-acf0-4267-9a47-d8084aad27ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 1810, "question": "Does the presence of poorly differentiated cells always confirm a high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a44d68c9-acf0-4267-9a47-d8084aad27ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells and high grade malignancy are present in the biopsy."} {"question_id": 1811, "question": "Is pleomorphism commonly seen in this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_26cb36c5-d236-4e52-92bb-b58c4b7839ad.jpg", "report": "There is no pleomorphism seen in this tumor, except for a rare exception in children with pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma."} {"question_id": 1812, "question": "Can pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma exhibit pleomorphism in children?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_26cb36c5-d236-4e52-92bb-b58c4b7839ad.jpg", "report": "There is no pleomorphism seen in this tumor, except for a rare exception in children with pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma."} {"question_id": 1813, "question": "Is pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma the only type of liposarcoma that shows pleomorphism in children?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_26cb36c5-d236-4e52-92bb-b58c4b7839ad.jpg", "report": "There is no pleomorphism seen in this tumor, except for a rare exception in children with pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma."} {"question_id": 1814, "question": "Are pleomorphic features a frequent finding in adult tumors of this type?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_26cb36c5-d236-4e52-92bb-b58c4b7839ad.jpg", "report": "There is no pleomorphism seen in this tumor, except for a rare exception in children with pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma."} {"question_id": 1815, "question": "Are the tumor cells arranged in interconnected cords and strands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 1816, "question": "Is the tumor primarily composed of mesenchymal cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 1817, "question": "Can the presence of interconnected cords and strands indicate an epithelial origin of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 1818, "question": "Is this pattern commonly seen in stromal tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d28d47c0-0566-471c-9383-713c820a78ef.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 1819, "question": "Are the glands shortened in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_61773244-773e-4114-bcac-de7e33a11fef.jpg", "report": "The glands are shortened and there is crypt shortening, with space between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. There is also basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1820, "question": "Is there crypt elongation observed in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_61773244-773e-4114-bcac-de7e33a11fef.jpg", "report": "The glands are shortened and there is crypt shortening, with space between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. There is also basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1821, "question": "Does the image show basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_61773244-773e-4114-bcac-de7e33a11fef.jpg", "report": "The glands are shortened and there is crypt shortening, with space between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. There is also basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1822, "question": "Is the muscularis mucosa in contact with the bottom of the gland and the crypt?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_61773244-773e-4114-bcac-de7e33a11fef.jpg", "report": "The glands are shortened and there is crypt shortening, with space between the muscularis mucosa and the bottom of the gland and the crypt. There is also basal lymphoplasmacytosis with eosinophils."} {"question_id": 1823, "question": "Are the remnant cell walls of adipocytes located at the periphery of the fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 1824, "question": "Is the coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the center of the fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Coalescence of remnant cell walls of adipocytes seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 1827, "question": "Is metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach typically associated with chronic inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 1828, "question": "Does metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach indicate a transformation into intestinal-type epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 1829, "question": "Is metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach considered a normal finding?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 1830, "question": "Can metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach increase the risk of gastric cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa in the body of the stomach."} {"question_id": 1831, "question": "Are there lymphocytes present in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b87f929a-aac9-4a8b-85ca-8cf97a695c44.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 1832, "question": "Is there a uniform amount of lamina propria between the crypts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b87f929a-aac9-4a8b-85ca-8cf97a695c44.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 1833, "question": "Are eosinophils observed in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b87f929a-aac9-4a8b-85ca-8cf97a695c44.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 1834, "question": "Is the absence of plasma cells noted in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_b87f929a-aac9-4a8b-85ca-8cf97a695c44.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 1835, "question": "Is a superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts indicative of ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_758b068d-b34c-4077-8fb4-8c75d5ed190d.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1836, "question": "Can ischemia be identified by observing deep crypt damage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_758b068d-b34c-4077-8fb4-8c75d5ed190d.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1837, "question": "Does the preservation of bottom crypts suggest that the injury is not severe?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_758b068d-b34c-4077-8fb4-8c75d5ed190d.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1838, "question": "Is ischemia typically associated with severe damage to the entire structure of crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_758b068d-b34c-4077-8fb4-8c75d5ed190d.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 1839, "question": "Are melanocytes stained dark brown in the positive control of this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9cbe2dc8-5cb5-493d-ad87-708268ed80cb.jpg", "report": "The stain worked because the melanocytes in the positive control were stained dark brown."} {"question_id": 1840, "question": "Is the staining method ineffective if the melanocytes are not dark brown in the positive control?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9cbe2dc8-5cb5-493d-ad87-708268ed80cb.jpg", "report": "The stain worked because the melanocytes in the positive control were stained dark brown."} {"question_id": 1841, "question": "Are the melanocytes in the negative control also stained dark brown in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9cbe2dc8-5cb5-493d-ad87-708268ed80cb.jpg", "report": "The stain worked because the melanocytes in the positive control were stained dark brown."} {"question_id": 1842, "question": "Does the positive control indicate that the staining procedure was successful?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9cbe2dc8-5cb5-493d-ad87-708268ed80cb.jpg", "report": "The stain worked because the melanocytes in the positive control were stained dark brown."} {"question_id": 1843, "question": "Are lacunas a characteristic feature of elastic cartilage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "The tissue being examined is elastic cartilage, which is characterized by the presence of lacunas and chondrocytes."} {"question_id": 1844, "question": "Do chondrocytes play a significant role in the composition of elastic cartilage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "The tissue being examined is elastic cartilage, which is characterized by the presence of lacunas and chondrocytes."} {"question_id": 1845, "question": "Is elastic cartilage devoid of any cellular components?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "The tissue being examined is elastic cartilage, which is characterized by the presence of lacunas and chondrocytes."} {"question_id": 1846, "question": "Are lacunas found in fibrous connective tissue instead of elastic cartilage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_16aa5ee3-f5c4-4aca-9da4-3d65198defc4.jpg", "report": "The tissue being examined is elastic cartilage, which is characterized by the presence of lacunas and chondrocytes."} {"question_id": 1847, "question": "Does hyalinization around vessels involve collagen deposition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2ee42782-6dd9-4b6a-a5ea-0cd69691d5c1.jpg", "report": "Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels can occur, which is characterized by collagen deposition and can make vessels stand out as pink."} {"question_id": 1848, "question": "Is hyalinization around vessels characterized by the presence of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2ee42782-6dd9-4b6a-a5ea-0cd69691d5c1.jpg", "report": "Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels can occur, which is characterized by collagen deposition and can make vessels stand out as pink."} {"question_id": 1849, "question": "Can hyalinization make vessels appear pink?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2ee42782-6dd9-4b6a-a5ea-0cd69691d5c1.jpg", "report": "Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels can occur, which is characterized by collagen deposition and can make vessels stand out as pink."} {"question_id": 1850, "question": "Is hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels typically associated with increased cellularity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2ee42782-6dd9-4b6a-a5ea-0cd69691d5c1.jpg", "report": "Hyalinization or sclerosis around vessels can occur, which is characterized by collagen deposition and can make vessels stand out as pink."} {"question_id": 1851, "question": "Is the cornified layer thickened in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 1852, "question": "Does the thickened cornified layer suggest a possible diagnosis of lichen simplex chronicus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 1853, "question": "Is the cornified layer typically thickened in normal lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 1854, "question": "Could the thickened cornified layer be indicative of a chronic inflammatory condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 1855, "question": "Is the presence of a thickened cornified layer often associated with acute infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 1856, "question": "Does the tissue sample contain nail bed epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1857, "question": "Is the nail matrix epithelium absent in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1858, "question": "Can the presence of nail bed and matrix epithelium be observed in this tissue sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1859, "question": "Is there any indication of skin or dermal tissue in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample contains nail bed and matrix epithelium."} {"question_id": 1860, "question": "Does CMV infection affect mesenchymal derived cells first?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08a0696b-f13b-483a-9f96-dd735a161833.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1861, "question": "Are nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions indicative of CMV infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08a0696b-f13b-483a-9f96-dd735a161833.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1862, "question": "Does CMV infection primarily target epithelial cells first?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08a0696b-f13b-483a-9f96-dd735a161833.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1863, "question": "Can CMV infection lead to vasculitis and ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08a0696b-f13b-483a-9f96-dd735a161833.jpg", "report": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion indicating CMV infection which affects mesenchymal derived cells first, endothelial cells and fibroblasts leading to vasculitis and ischemia."} {"question_id": 1864, "question": "Are dermatofibromas typically characterized by the presence of large atypical cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Different types of dermatofibroma, including those with large atypical cells or monster cells."} {"question_id": 1865, "question": "Are monster cells a common feature in all types of dermatofibromas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Different types of dermatofibroma, including those with large atypical cells or monster cells."} {"question_id": 1866, "question": "Can dermatofibromas contain different types of cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Different types of dermatofibroma, including those with large atypical cells or monster cells."} {"question_id": 1867, "question": "Are dermatofibromas primarily found in the epidermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_268d2681-a524-4a5c-90e3-dcda155aafed.jpg", "report": "Different types of dermatofibroma, including those with large atypical cells or monster cells."} {"question_id": 1869, "question": "Does the described Brenner borderline tumor show evidence of invasion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "The described tumor is a Brenner borderline tumor with papillary structures and transitional type cells, but no invasion yet."} {"question_id": 1870, "question": "Are papillary structures present in the described Brenner borderline tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "The described tumor is a Brenner borderline tumor with papillary structures and transitional type cells, but no invasion yet."} {"question_id": 1871, "question": "Does the described tumor consist of squamous cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_0c4179d7-d7df-4f7a-9edc-be70f039efe7.jpg", "report": "The described tumor is a Brenner borderline tumor with papillary structures and transitional type cells, but no invasion yet."} {"question_id": 1872, "question": "Is increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes indicative of melasma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1873, "question": "Can increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes be observed in vitiligo?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1874, "question": "Is increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes a feature of Addison's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1875, "question": "Does increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes commonly occur in albinism?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin in the basilar keratinocytes."} {"question_id": 1876, "question": "Are lymphocytes present in the inflammatory infiltrate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "The inflammatory infiltrate includes lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils, with thickening or retention of the dermal papillae."} {"question_id": 1877, "question": "Is there evidence of neutrophils in the inflammatory infiltrate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "The inflammatory infiltrate includes lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils, with thickening or retention of the dermal papillae."} {"question_id": 1878, "question": "Does the inflammatory infiltrate include eosinophils?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "The inflammatory infiltrate includes lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils, with thickening or retention of the dermal papillae."} {"question_id": 1879, "question": "Is there thinning of the dermal papillae in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_cfec72a9-a13d-4e4b-97e6-de1d7d2249dc.jpg", "report": "The inflammatory infiltrate includes lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils, with thickening or retention of the dermal papillae."} {"question_id": 1880, "question": "Is the stroma in this pathology report described as myxoid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_14476891-beb9-4811-a058-3c775a1b4992.jpg", "report": "The stroma has a myxoid appearance."} {"question_id": 1881, "question": "Does the myxoid appearance of the stroma suggest a high likelihood of malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_14476891-beb9-4811-a058-3c775a1b4992.jpg", "report": "The stroma has a myxoid appearance."} {"question_id": 1882, "question": "Can a myxoid stroma appearance be indicative of a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_14476891-beb9-4811-a058-3c775a1b4992.jpg", "report": "The stroma has a myxoid appearance."} {"question_id": 1883, "question": "Is the presence of myxoid stroma uncommon in soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_14476891-beb9-4811-a058-3c775a1b4992.jpg", "report": "The stroma has a myxoid appearance."} {"question_id": 1884, "question": "Is eosinophilic gastritis diagnosed with more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 1885, "question": "Does eosinophilic gastritis involve less than five eosinophils per high power field in the diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 1886, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophils in the stomach a key factor in diagnosing eosinophilic gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 1887, "question": "Can eosinophilic gastritis be diagnosed without counting eosinophils in the high power field?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 1888, "question": "Is the tumor described as having interconnected cords and strands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5b62248d-3cea-4103-9edc-5e92e3253386.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1889, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit a cribriform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5b62248d-3cea-4103-9edc-5e92e3253386.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1890, "question": "Is the stroma described as dense and fibrous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5b62248d-3cea-4103-9edc-5e92e3253386.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1891, "question": "Are there at least two cell types present in the epithelial islands of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5b62248d-3cea-4103-9edc-5e92e3253386.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a tumor with interconnected cords and strands, cribriform pattern, loose and edematous vascular stroma, and at least two cell types in the epithelial islands."} {"question_id": 1892, "question": "Is atrophy typically associated with a decrease in tissue size and function?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 1893, "question": "Are the number of glands in the atrophic tissue always consistent regardless of the patient's age?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 1894, "question": "Can age and size dependence affect the appearance of atrophic tissue in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 1895, "question": "Does atrophy usually result in an increase in the number of glands present?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Example of atrophy with no defined number of glands due to age and size dependence."} {"question_id": 1896, "question": "Does the patient's history of uveitis suggest a possible diagnosis of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1897, "question": "Is uveitis a symptom exclusively found in patients with sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1898, "question": "Can sarcoidosis present with characteristic features in the eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1899, "question": "Is the presence of uveitis alone sufficient to confirm a diagnosis of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 1901, "question": "Are melanophages typically found in the epidermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages."} {"question_id": 1902, "question": "Can the presence of heavily pigmented melanophages indicate a past hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages."} {"question_id": 1903, "question": "Is the presence of heavily pigmented melanophages indicative of an active infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanophages."} {"question_id": 1904, "question": "Is small cell carcinoma a type of lung cancer that can metastasize to the prostate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "report": "Small cell carcinoma adjacent to high-grade prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1905, "question": "Can high-grade prostate cancer and small cell carcinoma be found together in the same patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "report": "Small cell carcinoma adjacent to high-grade prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1906, "question": "Is small cell carcinoma typically characterized by large, well-differentiated cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "report": "Small cell carcinoma adjacent to high-grade prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1907, "question": "Are both small cell carcinoma and high-grade prostate cancer considered aggressive forms of cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_85611e49-f237-49c9-b10b-8feb8ef5f243.jpg", "report": "Small cell carcinoma adjacent to high-grade prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 1908, "question": "Is Clodin-1 often expressed in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_f1e52b92-f100-4694-8fb9-5f626b589ad4.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 1909, "question": "Is Glut-1 usually positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_f1e52b92-f100-4694-8fb9-5f626b589ad4.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 1910, "question": "Can MUC4 be used as a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_f1e52b92-f100-4694-8fb9-5f626b589ad4.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 1911, "question": "Is MUC4 typically positive in perineuriomas and DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_f1e52b92-f100-4694-8fb9-5f626b589ad4.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 1912, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells within the fibrovascular core indicative of a neural tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1913, "question": "Is the presence of S100 and SOX10 markers typical in diagnosing neural tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1914, "question": "Are the nerve fascicles present in the fibrovascular core poorly defined?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1915, "question": "Can the findings of this report suggest a non-neural tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d73237ea-0389-4d09-a0bf-a7cf76772156.jpg", "report": "The fibrovascular core contains well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells that are positive for S100 and SOX10, indicating a neural tumor."} {"question_id": 1916, "question": "Is the internal elastic lamina absent in the image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 1917, "question": "Can the absence of the internal elastic lamina be indicative of a normal finding in a healthy individual?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 1918, "question": "Does the image show any presence of the internal elastic lamina?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "No internal elastic lamina seen in the image."} {"question_id": 1919, "question": "Are papillary projections a common finding in adenocarcinoma of the lung?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections protrude into the lumina."} {"question_id": 1920, "question": "Do papillary projections usually indicate a benign condition in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections protrude into the lumina."} {"question_id": 1921, "question": "Can papillary projections be seen in both malignant and benign lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections protrude into the lumina."} {"question_id": 1922, "question": "Is it true that papillary projections do not protrude into the lumina in cases of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections protrude into the lumina."} {"question_id": 1923, "question": "Is the loss of cellular polarity observed in a stratified region indicative of a pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is observed in the stratified region."} {"question_id": 1924, "question": "Does the loss of cellular polarity suggest the presence of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is observed in the stratified region."} {"question_id": 1925, "question": "Can the loss of cellular polarity in the stratified region be associated with dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is observed in the stratified region."} {"question_id": 1926, "question": "Is the loss of cellular polarity typically observed in normal, healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Loss of cellular polarity is observed in the stratified region."} {"question_id": 1927, "question": "Are muscle fibers typically found in the lamina propria under normal circumstances?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1928, "question": "Does the presence of muscle fibers in the lamina propria indicate an abnormal finding?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1929, "question": "Could the presence of muscle fibers in the lamina propria suggest a potential invasive process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1930, "question": "Is it common to see muscle fibers in the lamina propria in a healthy individual?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1931, "question": "Can pre-treatment with radiation cause changes in chest tissue? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c2fccb8d-1a3a-4449-b4c9-281b35a4eccf.jpg", "report": "Increased cellularity may be present in some cases, but pre-treatment with radiation can cause changes in the tissue that make it difficult to diagnose. Treatment options may not differ significantly based on the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1932, "question": "Does increased cellularity always indicate malignancy in chest pathology? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c2fccb8d-1a3a-4449-b4c9-281b35a4eccf.jpg", "report": "Increased cellularity may be present in some cases, but pre-treatment with radiation can cause changes in the tissue that make it difficult to diagnose. Treatment options may not differ significantly based on the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1933, "question": "Can treatment options for chest pathology remain similar despite different diagnoses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c2fccb8d-1a3a-4449-b4c9-281b35a4eccf.jpg", "report": "Increased cellularity may be present in some cases, but pre-treatment with radiation can cause changes in the tissue that make it difficult to diagnose. Treatment options may not differ significantly based on the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1934, "question": "Is it always easy to diagnose chest pathology in patients who have undergone radiation therapy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c2fccb8d-1a3a-4449-b4c9-281b35a4eccf.jpg", "report": "Increased cellularity may be present in some cases, but pre-treatment with radiation can cause changes in the tissue that make it difficult to diagnose. Treatment options may not differ significantly based on the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 1935, "question": "Can the tumor be mistaken for neurofibromas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c646b41c-ab96-4a62-9308-500ccefd6ffd.jpg", "report": "The tumor can be confused with neurofibromas and desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 1936, "question": "Is the tumor easily distinguishable from desmoid fibromatosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c646b41c-ab96-4a62-9308-500ccefd6ffd.jpg", "report": "The tumor can be confused with neurofibromas and desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 1937, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit characteristics that are similar to neurofibromas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c646b41c-ab96-4a62-9308-500ccefd6ffd.jpg", "report": "The tumor can be confused with neurofibromas and desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 1938, "question": "Is it unlikely that the tumor would be confused with desmoid fibromatosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c646b41c-ab96-4a62-9308-500ccefd6ffd.jpg", "report": "The tumor can be confused with neurofibromas and desmoid fibromatosis."} {"question_id": 1939, "question": "Are ectatic vessels present in the papillary dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_12fbbe53-4b6b-44c3-b6aa-ff4f21a71e8b.jpg", "report": "Ectatic vessels are present in the papillary dermis with pallor consistent with edema and perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes."} {"question_id": 1940, "question": "Is there a perivascular infiltrate of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_12fbbe53-4b6b-44c3-b6aa-ff4f21a71e8b.jpg", "report": "Ectatic vessels are present in the papillary dermis with pallor consistent with edema and perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes."} {"question_id": 1943, "question": "Is there a significant alteration in the basal cells at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ)? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 1945, "question": "Are basal cell changes typically associated with the DEJ? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Pronounced basal cell change along the DEJ."} {"question_id": 1947, "question": "Can metastasis occur years after the initial cancer diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "report": "Metastasis can recur or metastasize long after diagnosis, often to the lung or pleura."} {"question_id": 1948, "question": "Is the lung a common site for metastasis recurrence?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "report": "Metastasis can recur or metastasize long after diagnosis, often to the lung or pleura."} {"question_id": 1949, "question": "Are metastases to the pleura uncommon?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "report": "Metastasis can recur or metastasize long after diagnosis, often to the lung or pleura."} {"question_id": 1950, "question": "Do metastases always appear immediately after the primary tumor is discovered?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b3c3132f-0ea6-4040-a517-87c50dadd4c7.jpg", "report": "Metastasis can recur or metastasize long after diagnosis, often to the lung or pleura."} {"question_id": 1951, "question": "Are too many melanocytes in the matrix a potential indicator of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96db8195-9fd3-493b-af2d-cae6a387df27.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1952, "question": "Is the presence of too many melanocytes in the matrix always indicative of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96db8195-9fd3-493b-af2d-cae6a387df27.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1953, "question": "Should the presence of too many melanocytes in the matrix be considered highly suspicious for melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96db8195-9fd3-493b-af2d-cae6a387df27.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1954, "question": "Can too many melanocytes in the matrix be seen in benign conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_96db8195-9fd3-493b-af2d-cae6a387df27.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 1955, "question": "Is high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma associated with small cell carcinoma in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was found to be intimately associated with small cell carcinoma in this case."} {"question_id": 1956, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate the presence of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was found to be intimately associated with small cell carcinoma in this case."} {"question_id": 1957, "question": "Is high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma a type of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was found to be intimately associated with small cell carcinoma in this case."} {"question_id": 1958, "question": "Is there any mention of lymphocytic infiltration in the pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_f478f409-67bd-40fc-b80f-d5ca0105e9d1.jpg", "report": "High-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was found to be intimately associated with small cell carcinoma in this case."} {"question_id": 1959, "question": "Are melanocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1960, "question": "Do the melanocytes form nests in the observed tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1961, "question": "Are the melanocytes extending into the lower portions of the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1962, "question": "Is the pattern of melanocyte extension described as pagetoid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0745588b-e17e-42b4-a6c0-d598f293a979.jpg", "report": "There are several melanocytes present, some forming nests and extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 1963, "question": "Is the observed epithelial growth within a single gland indicative of potential malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Epithelial growth within a single gland is observed, connecting the other side of the lumen."} {"question_id": 1964, "question": "Does the epithelial growth extend beyond the glandular lumen into surrounding tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Epithelial growth within a single gland is observed, connecting the other side of the lumen."} {"question_id": 1965, "question": "Is the epithelial growth pattern consistent with benign hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Epithelial growth within a single gland is observed, connecting the other side of the lumen."} {"question_id": 1966, "question": "Could the observed epithelial growth within the gland be suggestive of an early-stage carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_bee456fa-6f54-4e64-9f71-42d805a33b94.jpg", "report": "Epithelial growth within a single gland is observed, connecting the other side of the lumen."} {"question_id": 1967, "question": "Does the patient have an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_4c883a0b-0900-4bb1-bae0-28e3399d469b.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case has an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement, indicated by a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level."} {"question_id": 1968, "question": "Is the patient's PSA level within the normal range?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_4c883a0b-0900-4bb1-bae0-28e3399d469b.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case has an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement, indicated by a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level."} {"question_id": 1969, "question": "Did the digital rectal examination indicate a positive result for tumor involvement?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_4c883a0b-0900-4bb1-bae0-28e3399d469b.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case has an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement, indicated by a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level."} {"question_id": 1970, "question": "Is the tumor limited to only the prostate without bladder involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_4c883a0b-0900-4bb1-bae0-28e3399d469b.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case has an aggressive tumor with bladder involvement, indicated by a positive digital rectal examination and elevated PSA level."} {"question_id": 1971, "question": "Are spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms limited to epithelial tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee45ecf0-e378-4efd-8115-209e7bb188d8.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 1972, "question": "Can spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include neural tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee45ecf0-e378-4efd-8115-209e7bb188d8.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 1973, "question": "Do spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee45ecf0-e378-4efd-8115-209e7bb188d8.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 1974, "question": "Are spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms typically associated with glandular tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ee45ecf0-e378-4efd-8115-209e7bb188d8.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 1975, "question": "Are histiocytes present in the lamina propria in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Inflammation consists of histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1976, "question": "Is the inflammation limited to only plasma cells in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Inflammation consists of histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1977, "question": "Do the lymphocytes contribute to the inflammation in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Inflammation consists of histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1978, "question": "Are eosinophils observed in the inflammation of the lamina propria in this image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_57e4dcdd-95ed-430b-a7bd-89dff554c7d0.jpg", "report": "Inflammation consists of histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 1979, "question": "Is the biopsy taken from a non-acral site?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule."} {"question_id": 1980, "question": "Does the biopsy show a dome-shaped papule?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule."} {"question_id": 1981, "question": "Is the lesion observed in the biopsy flat and not dome-shaped?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule."} {"question_id": 1982, "question": "Is the biopsy indicative of a potential acral site pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_76bedbf1-de38-4994-8b90-f18fe5735913.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is from an acral site and shows a dome-shaped papule."} {"question_id": 1985, "question": "Could the lesion described be indicative of a malignant condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e71912cb-260c-4170-9a37-ecb328b6dddc.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 1987, "question": "Are the cells in the nevus vesicular in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_03e35331-8aa2-4878-94dd-24ffdd5ddbd0.jpg", "report": "The cells in the nevus are type A melanocytes, which are vesicular in appearance. This is a nevoid melanoma."} {"question_id": 1988, "question": "Is this a diagnosis of malignant melanoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_03e35331-8aa2-4878-94dd-24ffdd5ddbd0.jpg", "report": "The cells in the nevus are type A melanocytes, which are vesicular in appearance. This is a nevoid melanoma."} {"question_id": 1989, "question": "Are the type of cells identified in the nevus type A melanocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_03e35331-8aa2-4878-94dd-24ffdd5ddbd0.jpg", "report": "The cells in the nevus are type A melanocytes, which are vesicular in appearance. This is a nevoid melanoma."} {"question_id": 1990, "question": "Is this condition referred to as a nevoid melanoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "zhzJ9pgCvuw_image_03e35331-8aa2-4878-94dd-24ffdd5ddbd0.jpg", "report": "The cells in the nevus are type A melanocytes, which are vesicular in appearance. This is a nevoid melanoma."} {"question_id": 1991, "question": "Can sarcoidosis be characterized by the presence of granulomas in tissue biopsies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1992, "question": "Did subsequent biopsies for the patient show the presence of granulomas after treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1993, "question": "Is it possible for treatment to eliminate granulomas in sarcoidosis patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1994, "question": "Are granulomas typically absent in untreated sarcoidosis patients?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_2211d8b3-d4db-4cd5-969d-76137a607896.jpg", "report": "The patient was treated for sarcoidosis and subsequent biopsies showed no more granulomas."} {"question_id": 1995, "question": "Are histiocytes a prominent feature in the described skin condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a skin condition with predominance of histiocytes and lymphocytes."} {"question_id": 1997, "question": "Is there a predominance of lymphocytes in the skin condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a skin condition with predominance of histiocytes and lymphocytes."} {"question_id": 1998, "question": "Are eosinophils the predominant cell type in the described skin condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a skin condition with predominance of histiocytes and lymphocytes."} {"question_id": 1999, "question": "Is the infiltrative process observed between the benign glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6973991a-dbd2-4da3-a04b-d92d64c46031.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2000, "question": "Does the infiltrative process destroy the benign glands?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6973991a-dbd2-4da3-a04b-d92d64c46031.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2001, "question": "Is the respect for benign glands a clue to the diagnosis in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6973991a-dbd2-4da3-a04b-d92d64c46031.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2002, "question": "Is the infiltrative process limited to the surface epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_6973991a-dbd2-4da3-a04b-d92d64c46031.jpg", "report": "The process is infiltrating between benign glands and respecting them, which is a clue to the diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2003, "question": "Is there architectural distortion present in the glands? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_880addef-67c7-4dc5-9f74-cc5755fdcaba.jpg", "report": "Glands are equally distant from each other and trying to retain their shapes overall, but there is some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 2004, "question": "Are the glands equally distant from each other? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_880addef-67c7-4dc5-9f74-cc5755fdcaba.jpg", "report": "Glands are equally distant from each other and trying to retain their shapes overall, but there is some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 2005, "question": "Are the glands failing to retain their shapes? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_880addef-67c7-4dc5-9f74-cc5755fdcaba.jpg", "report": "Glands are equally distant from each other and trying to retain their shapes overall, but there is some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 2006, "question": "Is the overall arrangement of glands completely normal? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_880addef-67c7-4dc5-9f74-cc5755fdcaba.jpg", "report": "Glands are equally distant from each other and trying to retain their shapes overall, but there is some architectural distortion."} {"question_id": 2007, "question": "Are muscle fibers typically found within the lamina propria of the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2008, "question": "Does the presence of muscle fibers in the lamina propria suggest an abnormal condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2009, "question": "Can muscle fibers in the lamina propria be associated with invasive growth patterns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2010, "question": "Is it common to find muscle fibers in the lamina propria in a healthy chest tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_6383bc61-ea49-4ba7-b64c-3752ed875092.jpg", "report": "Muscle fibers are seen running into the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2011, "question": "Does the presence of basal cells at the periphery suggest that the tumor is non-invasive?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 2012, "question": "Are invasive tumors typically characterized by a lack of basal cells at the periphery?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 2013, "question": "Can the presence of basal cells at the periphery alone definitively rule out tumor invasion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Presence of basal cells at the periphery indicates that the tumor is not invasive."} {"question_id": 2014, "question": "Is the unique collagen pattern in the tumor related to hyalinization around smaller vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fdb04429-baf7-424c-aa57-212bda9c4184.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 2015, "question": "Does the unique collagen pattern in the tumor indicate the presence of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fdb04429-baf7-424c-aa57-212bda9c4184.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 2016, "question": "Could the unique collagen pattern be a characteristic feature of a particular type of tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fdb04429-baf7-424c-aa57-212bda9c4184.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 2017, "question": "Is this unique collagen pattern typically found in non-cancerous tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fdb04429-baf7-424c-aa57-212bda9c4184.jpg", "report": "Unique collagen pattern seen in a particular tumor, possibly related to hyalinization in collagen seen around smaller vessels."} {"question_id": 2018, "question": "Is Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) characterized by a storiform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_823fcef0-798a-483a-ac1c-6b76d266e446.jpg", "report": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation."} {"question_id": 2019, "question": "Does DFSP typically exhibit a ring chromosome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_823fcef0-798a-483a-ac1c-6b76d266e446.jpg", "report": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation."} {"question_id": 2020, "question": "Is collagen A commonly associated with DFSP?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_823fcef0-798a-483a-ac1c-6b76d266e446.jpg", "report": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation."} {"question_id": 2021, "question": "Are platelet-derived growth factor translocations irrelevant in diagnosing DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_823fcef0-798a-483a-ac1c-6b76d266e446.jpg", "report": "Identification of a classic DFSP with a storiform pattern and a ring chromosome, collagen A, platelet-derived growth factor, and translocation."} {"question_id": 2022, "question": "Does chronic colitis show the presence of granulomas in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3d654da7-aeca-49f7-83ba-b20d697619bd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of chronic colitis with activity and granulomas in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2023, "question": "Are granulomas typically absent in chronic colitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3d654da7-aeca-49f7-83ba-b20d697619bd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of chronic colitis with activity and granulomas in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2024, "question": "Is there evidence of activity in the histopathological description of chronic colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3d654da7-aeca-49f7-83ba-b20d697619bd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of chronic colitis with activity and granulomas in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2025, "question": "Are granulomas in chronic colitis usually found in the muscularis propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_3d654da7-aeca-49f7-83ba-b20d697619bd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of chronic colitis with activity and granulomas in the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2026, "question": "Is an acquired digital fibroma a possible diagnosis for the observed pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2027, "question": "Does the pathology report suggest a congenital origin for the digital fibroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2028, "question": "Is an acquired digital fibrokeratoma also considered in the differential diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2029, "question": "Are congenital digital lesions included in the differential diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_0b555a52-b342-471e-b863-fcfab968abaa.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2030, "question": "Are the vascular spaces in the mass described as slit-like?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass."} {"question_id": 2031, "question": "Do the vascular spaces in the mass communicate with each other?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass."} {"question_id": 2032, "question": "Are the vascular spaces in the mass described as round or oval?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass."} {"question_id": 2033, "question": "Is the presence of slit-like vascular spaces in the mass indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Intercommunicating slit-like vascular spaces in the mass."} {"question_id": 2034, "question": "Are the melanocytes in the specimen benign in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e20fd6c-5a2b-4179-a0e8-65900ee18335.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 2035, "question": "Are the melanocytes located within the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e20fd6c-5a2b-4179-a0e8-65900ee18335.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 2036, "question": "Can the presence of banal appearing melanocytes within the dermis indicate a malignant condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e20fd6c-5a2b-4179-a0e8-65900ee18335.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 2037, "question": "Is it common to find melanocytes in the dermis in benign conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_4e20fd6c-5a2b-4179-a0e8-65900ee18335.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a specimen with banal appearing melanocytes present within the dermis."} {"question_id": 2038, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma characterized by a lack of cellular variability?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fe93b661-03d4-4bcb-8518-c7b5f0869011.jpg", "report": "Description of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with sclerotic areas and variability in cellularity."} {"question_id": 2039, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma exhibit sclerotic areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fe93b661-03d4-4bcb-8518-c7b5f0869011.jpg", "report": "Description of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with sclerotic areas and variability in cellularity."} {"question_id": 2040, "question": "Are high-grade cellular features typical of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fe93b661-03d4-4bcb-8518-c7b5f0869011.jpg", "report": "Description of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with sclerotic areas and variability in cellularity."} {"question_id": 2041, "question": "Is it possible for a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma to have areas of low cellularity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fe93b661-03d4-4bcb-8518-c7b5f0869011.jpg", "report": "Description of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with sclerotic areas and variability in cellularity."} {"question_id": 2042, "question": "Is perineurioma often difficult to diagnose due to its histological similarity to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 2043, "question": "Does perineurioma always present with high-grade sarcomatous features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 2044, "question": "Can immunohistochemistry help differentiate perineurioma from low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 2045, "question": "Are perineuriomas commonly found in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 2046, "question": "Is the prognosis for patients with low-grade round cell morphology better than for those with high-grade round cell morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade round cell morphology."} {"question_id": 2047, "question": "Are patients with high-grade round cell morphology likely to have a better prognosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade round cell morphology."} {"question_id": 2048, "question": "Does round cell morphology impact the prognosis for patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade round cell morphology."} {"question_id": 2049, "question": "Is the prognosis for patients with high-grade round cell morphology considered favorable?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Prognosis is worse for patients with high-grade round cell morphology."} {"question_id": 2050, "question": "Can surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung potentially extend the patient's life expectancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1ee54613-6bec-4dbb-9e02-7d53f141620e.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2051, "question": "Is surgical resection always recommended for multiple lung metastases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1ee54613-6bec-4dbb-9e02-7d53f141620e.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2052, "question": "Are solitary lung metastases a common finding in patients with primary lung cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1ee54613-6bec-4dbb-9e02-7d53f141620e.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2053, "question": "Can a solitary metastasis in the lung be indicative of advanced disease in other organs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_1ee54613-6bec-4dbb-9e02-7d53f141620e.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2054, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells in the rudimentary supernumerary digit positive with S100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2055, "question": "Are the nerve fascicles in the rudimentary supernumerary digit ill-defined?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2056, "question": "Does the presence of SOX10 positivity help define the diagnosis of a rudimentary supernumerary digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2057, "question": "Are the cells in the rudimentary supernumerary digit predominantly round-shaped?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2058, "question": "Can foreign bodies induce granulomatous inflammation in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Foreign bodies can also cause sarcoid reactions."} {"question_id": 2059, "question": "Are sarcoid reactions commonly associated with bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Foreign bodies can also cause sarcoid reactions."} {"question_id": 2060, "question": "Can sarcoid reactions be a response to inhaled environmental particles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Foreign bodies can also cause sarcoid reactions."} {"question_id": 2061, "question": "Are sarcoid reactions exclusively found in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f4ffefb9-a3d1-477d-bc3c-a77762f8b106.jpg", "report": "Foreign bodies can also cause sarcoid reactions."} {"question_id": 2062, "question": "Are the myxoid features in the tissue characterized by fine delicate collagen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2063, "question": "Is the presence of myxoid features in the tissue indicative of a fibrous structure?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2064, "question": "Can the tissue with myxoid features be associated with certain types of tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2065, "question": "Is the collagen in the tissue described as thick and coarse?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2066, "question": "Can basal cell carcinoma exhibit sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_dc97fc88-1339-4708-a31f-d20e7045a8bc.jpg", "report": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation and sebaceoma."} {"question_id": 2067, "question": "Is sebaceoma a benign skin tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_dc97fc88-1339-4708-a31f-d20e7045a8bc.jpg", "report": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation and sebaceoma."} {"question_id": 2068, "question": "Are basal cell carcinoma and sebaceoma the same type of tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_dc97fc88-1339-4708-a31f-d20e7045a8bc.jpg", "report": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation and sebaceoma."} {"question_id": 2069, "question": "Does the differential diagnosis include squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_dc97fc88-1339-4708-a31f-d20e7045a8bc.jpg", "report": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation and sebaceoma."} {"question_id": 2070, "question": "Is there a presence of fibromyxoid stroma in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Description of fibromyxoid stroma and diffuse dissection throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 2072, "question": "Is the dissection throughout the dermis described as diffuse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Description of fibromyxoid stroma and diffuse dissection throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 2073, "question": "Can the presence of fibromyxoid stroma alone definitively diagnose a specific chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e65482d5-11ca-44e7-a128-fd8c780345dd.jpg", "report": "Description of fibromyxoid stroma and diffuse dissection throughout the dermis."} {"question_id": 2077, "question": "Is the bullous lesion described typically found in non-pregnant individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_5161d79a-4817-48f7-b587-ce9234422c5f.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman."} {"question_id": 2078, "question": "Does the lesion show granulomatous abnormalities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2079, "question": "Are dyskeratotic keratinocytes present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2080, "question": "Can porokeratosis be ruled out based on the findings in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2081, "question": "Is the lesion localized and circumscribed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_01babf43-1324-4979-a4e0-a40cd4bcf37d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2082, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes commonly found at the periphery of this type of tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2083, "question": "Do extravasated erythrocytes suggest active bleeding within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2084, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes typically seen in the center of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2085, "question": "Can the presence of extravasated erythrocytes indicate a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d45f4a7f-f27c-459c-980a-d6d5bc542879.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes are frequently seen at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2086, "question": "Is involvement around damaged nerves a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2087, "question": "Does sarcoid granulomatous inflammation typically involve only the lymph nodes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2088, "question": "Can sarcoid granulomatous inflammation affect nervous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_be0b36f7-3f7b-40b6-9863-de9ec37c56d8.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2089, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas often associated with ankylosing spondylitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_28ef14be-0add-40bb-a12d-4686de00f1ea.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2090, "question": "Can TNF inhibitors lead to the formation of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_28ef14be-0add-40bb-a12d-4686de00f1ea.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2091, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas typically found in the lung tissue of patients not on TNF inhibitors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_28ef14be-0add-40bb-a12d-4686de00f1ea.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2092, "question": "Is it possible for patients taking TNF inhibitors to develop lung-related complications?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_28ef14be-0add-40bb-a12d-4686de00f1ea.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2093, "question": "Are the myxoid areas in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma distinguishable from the fibrous areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The myxoid areas in the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma look different from the fibrous areas."} {"question_id": 2094, "question": "Do the myxoid areas in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma appear similar to the fibrous areas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The myxoid areas in the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma look different from the fibrous areas."} {"question_id": 2095, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma characterized by the presence of both myxoid and fibrous areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The myxoid areas in the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma look different from the fibrous areas."} {"question_id": 2096, "question": "Is hyalinization in the lamina propria a definitive indicator of ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization."} {"question_id": 2097, "question": "Can recent ischemia be present without causing hyalinization in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization."} {"question_id": 2098, "question": "Does the presence of hyalinization in the lamina propria confirm the diagnosis of recent ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization."} {"question_id": 2099, "question": "Is it possible to exclude ischemia solely based on the absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_7a3e5842-9e70-46aa-9b43-ef5366ec922b.jpg", "report": "The absence of hyalinization in the lamina propria does not exclude ischemia, as recent ischemia may not have had time to cause hyalinization."} {"question_id": 2100, "question": "Are the nuclei in the middle third maintaining polarity in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_89087849-ec8f-4550-8740-0151d00b6738.jpg", "report": "The nuclei are reaching the middle third and maintaining polarity."} {"question_id": 2101, "question": "Do the nuclei in this pathology report suggest a loss of polarity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_89087849-ec8f-4550-8740-0151d00b6738.jpg", "report": "The nuclei are reaching the middle third and maintaining polarity."} {"question_id": 2102, "question": "Is the presence of nuclei in the middle third a common feature in some chest pathologies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_89087849-ec8f-4550-8740-0151d00b6738.jpg", "report": "The nuclei are reaching the middle third and maintaining polarity."} {"question_id": 2104, "question": "Are too many melanocytes in the matrix a sign of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2105, "question": "Is the presence of an excessive number of melanocytes in the matrix usually benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2106, "question": "Can melanoma in situ be suspected if there is an abnormal count of melanocytes in the matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2107, "question": "Is the matrix of a chest pathology image typically devoid of melanocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_759de876-54a9-488a-8cee-29032ba566e8.jpg", "report": "Too many melanocytes in the matrix are highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2108, "question": "Is a trichofolliculoma characterized by the presence of miniaturized hair follicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_047f29e5-94de-455a-a3af-e7e5ce33dfc8.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with miniaturized hair follicles and prominent stroma."} {"question_id": 2109, "question": "Does trichofolliculoma exhibit prominent stroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_047f29e5-94de-455a-a3af-e7e5ce33dfc8.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with miniaturized hair follicles and prominent stroma."} {"question_id": 2110, "question": "Are miniaturized hair follicles in trichofolliculoma typically absent?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_047f29e5-94de-455a-a3af-e7e5ce33dfc8.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with miniaturized hair follicles and prominent stroma."} {"question_id": 2111, "question": "Is trichofolliculoma a malignant condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_047f29e5-94de-455a-a3af-e7e5ce33dfc8.jpg", "report": "Trichofolliculoma with miniaturized hair follicles and prominent stroma."} {"question_id": 2112, "question": "Are neutrophils a type of white blood cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "report": "Presence of neutrophils in surface epithelium."} {"question_id": 2113, "question": "Are neutrophils typically found in the surface epithelium under normal conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "report": "Presence of neutrophils in surface epithelium."} {"question_id": 2114, "question": "Does the presence of neutrophils in the surface epithelium indicate a possible infection or inflammatory response?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "report": "Presence of neutrophils in surface epithelium."} {"question_id": 2115, "question": "Can the presence of neutrophils in the surface epithelium be indicative of a viral infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_08f3aa85-fe3d-4f39-b651-8b094e657890.jpg", "report": "Presence of neutrophils in surface epithelium."} {"question_id": 2116, "question": "Are there at least two types of cells present in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2117, "question": "Do the cells exhibit round to oval nuclei?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2118, "question": "Is the cytoplasm of the cells described as bright pink?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2119, "question": "Are the cells' cytoplasm faint eosinophilic to pale gray?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of at least two cell types with round to oval nuclei and faint eosinophilic to pale gray cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2120, "question": "Is the lesion commonly found on the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc3ed701-9eb6-43b7-962b-73d799d61318.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2121, "question": "Can the lesion occur on both hands simultaneously?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc3ed701-9eb6-43b7-962b-73d799d61318.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2122, "question": "Is the lesion typically found on the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc3ed701-9eb6-43b7-962b-73d799d61318.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2123, "question": "Does the lesion tend to be unilateral most of the time?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc3ed701-9eb6-43b7-962b-73d799d61318.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2124, "question": "Are sebaceomas typically large in size?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2125, "question": "Do sebaceomas often appear round in shape?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2126, "question": "Are sebaceomas generally skin-colored?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2127, "question": "Are sebaceomas commonly red or inflamed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3a789541-9419-4967-a4d9-8751d3c6c93d.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2128, "question": "Is an acquired digital fibroma characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2129, "question": "Are acquired digital fibrokeratomas typically found in the upper layers of the skin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2130, "question": "Can both acquired digital fibroma and acquired digital fibrokeratoma occur in adults?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2131, "question": "Do acquired digital fibrokeratomas usually present with a smooth surface?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "The key differential diagnosis is an acquired digital fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma."} {"question_id": 2132, "question": "Are vesicular nuclei typically associated with the presence of a nucleolus? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei are usually accompanied by a nucleoli."} {"question_id": 2133, "question": "Can vesicular nuclei be identified without a nucleolus? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei are usually accompanied by a nucleoli."} {"question_id": 2134, "question": "Are vesicular nuclei indicative of an active cellular process? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei are usually accompanied by a nucleoli."} {"question_id": 2135, "question": "Do vesicular nuclei lack any discernible nucleoli? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Vesicular nuclei are usually accompanied by a nucleoli."} {"question_id": 2136, "question": "Does the presence of neutrophils in the epithelium suggest cryptitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_00149080-9436-445e-9c8c-ee023801ce61.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 2137, "question": "Is the presence of neutrophils in the epithelium unrelated to any specific infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_00149080-9436-445e-9c8c-ee023801ce61.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 2138, "question": "Can cryptitis be associated with H. pylori infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_00149080-9436-445e-9c8c-ee023801ce61.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 2139, "question": "Are lymphocytes typically the primary cells found in cryptitis due to H. pylori infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_00149080-9436-445e-9c8c-ee023801ce61.jpg", "report": "Neutrophils in the epithelium indicate cryptitis, which may be related to H. pylori infection."} {"question_id": 2141, "question": "Does the tumor contain fine collagen?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ae28a03a-1833-459f-98f6-722483ce7f44.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 2142, "question": "Are the cells within the tumor described as highly atypical?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ae28a03a-1833-459f-98f6-722483ce7f44.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 2143, "question": "Is it important to recognize the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose this tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ae28a03a-1833-459f-98f6-722483ce7f44.jpg", "report": "Description of a benign-looking tumor with delicate stringy fine collagen and bland fibroblastic looking cells. The importance of recognizing the histologic pattern to correctly diagnose tumors."} {"question_id": 2144, "question": "Are intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils indicative of an ongoing inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils and degenerating vacuoles."} {"question_id": 2145, "question": "Do degenerating vacuoles typically imply healthy cellular function?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils and degenerating vacuoles."} {"question_id": 2146, "question": "Can the presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils suggest a bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils and degenerating vacuoles."} {"question_id": 2147, "question": "Are degenerating vacuoles usually associated with cellular regeneration?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f5e1c62e-602e-4f58-823f-8c8d482be39e.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of intracellular intracytoplasmic neutrophils and degenerating vacuoles."} {"question_id": 2148, "question": "Is the lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma stratified squamous epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma is stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa such as sebaceous and sweat glands."} {"question_id": 2149, "question": "Are sebaceous glands present in the mature cystic teratoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma is stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa such as sebaceous and sweat glands."} {"question_id": 2150, "question": "Is the mature cystic teratoma lined with columnar epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma is stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa such as sebaceous and sweat glands."} {"question_id": 2151, "question": "Do sweat glands appear within the mature cystic teratoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_052d39e2-dd4d-40e9-9cd4-224a3eaaec61.jpg", "report": "The lining epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma is stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa such as sebaceous and sweat glands."} {"question_id": 2152, "question": "Is the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5d5befad-1fd0-4a79-913a-f6bd875ddb25.jpg", "report": "The neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma can be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, but can be differentiated by S100 staining. Schwannoma is a benign tumor with a small round blue cell appearance."} {"question_id": 2153, "question": "Can the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma be confused with high-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5d5befad-1fd0-4a79-913a-f6bd875ddb25.jpg", "report": "The neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma can be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, but can be differentiated by S100 staining. Schwannoma is a benign tumor with a small round blue cell appearance."} {"question_id": 2154, "question": "Does S100 staining help differentiate the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma from low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5d5befad-1fd0-4a79-913a-f6bd875ddb25.jpg", "report": "The neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma can be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, but can be differentiated by S100 staining. Schwannoma is a benign tumor with a small round blue cell appearance."} {"question_id": 2155, "question": "Is the appearance of the neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma described as large, irregular cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5d5befad-1fd0-4a79-913a-f6bd875ddb25.jpg", "report": "The neuroblastoma-like variant of schwannoma can be confused with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, but can be differentiated by S100 staining. Schwannoma is a benign tumor with a small round blue cell appearance."} {"question_id": 2157, "question": "Does the lesion contain dilated blood vessels?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_af7719ff-5684-4e3e-a43c-d9d7216a2548.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2158, "question": "Are the sebaceous lobules in the lesion proliferating?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_af7719ff-5684-4e3e-a43c-d9d7216a2548.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2160, "question": "Are sebaceomas typically small in size?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2161, "question": "Do sebaceomas usually present as irregularly shaped lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2162, "question": "Are sebaceomas generally skin-colored?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2163, "question": "Can sebaceomas often be large and dark-colored?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d54daff7-58ee-4355-9487-59b5c47f6572.jpg", "report": "Sebaceomas are usually small, round, and skin-colored."} {"question_id": 2164, "question": "Are the endothelial cells in the described pathology report enlarged?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Endothelial cells are enlarged and plump."} {"question_id": 2165, "question": "Are the endothelial cells described as being flattened?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Endothelial cells are enlarged and plump."} {"question_id": 2166, "question": "Can the enlargement of endothelial cells be indicative of an inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Endothelial cells are enlarged and plump."} {"question_id": 2167, "question": "Are the described endothelial cells typical in size and appearance?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b3ec906b-b05a-40da-9d74-1e3853522bce.jpg", "report": "Endothelial cells are enlarged and plump."} {"question_id": 2168, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas mimic perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2169, "question": "Do low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas often express Clodin-1?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2170, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas characterized by high-grade cellular atypia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2171, "question": "Is the swirling growth pattern a common feature of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas with swirling growth can mimic perineuriomas and often express Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2172, "question": "Can Clostridioides difficile colitis cause the formation of pseudomembranes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2173, "question": "Are pseudomembranes typically associated with bacterial infections other than Clostridioides difficile?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2174, "question": "Can ischemic injury lead to the development of pseudomembranes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2175, "question": "Are pseudomembranes usually found in the respiratory tract?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c349f8b8-d567-4ceb-abc0-085ad1d06be2.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2176, "question": "Are the nuclei of the stratified cells reaching the middle third?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ba0204fe-74f3-4de7-883a-70f79613c8aa.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 2177, "question": "Do the stratified cells exhibit prominent nuclei?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ba0204fe-74f3-4de7-883a-70f79613c8aa.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 2178, "question": "Is there a cribriform or micropapillary formation observed in the stratified cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ba0204fe-74f3-4de7-883a-70f79613c8aa.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 2179, "question": "Do the stratified cells maintain polarity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ba0204fe-74f3-4de7-883a-70f79613c8aa.jpg", "report": "The nuclei of the stratified cells reach the middle third and maintain polarity, with no prominent nuclei or cribriform/micropapillary formation."} {"question_id": 2180, "question": "Is uveitis commonly associated with sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0950091-4fb6-4609-8e92-4dbb4c12c9f0.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2181, "question": "Are the characteristic features of sarcoidosis limited to the lungs alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0950091-4fb6-4609-8e92-4dbb4c12c9f0.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2182, "question": "Can sarcoidosis cause inflammation in organs other than the eyes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0950091-4fb6-4609-8e92-4dbb4c12c9f0.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2183, "question": "Is a history of uveitis sufficient to diagnose sarcoidosis without further investigation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0950091-4fb6-4609-8e92-4dbb4c12c9f0.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2184, "question": "Does mycophenol-associated injury in solid organ transplant recipients typically show an increased number of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD."} {"question_id": 2185, "question": "Is GVHD (Graft-Versus-Host Disease) known for having more eosinophils than mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD."} {"question_id": 2186, "question": "Is the patient a recipient of a solid organ transplant?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD."} {"question_id": 2187, "question": "Are lymphocytes typically more prominent than eosinophils in mycophenol-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury, which typically has more eosinophils than GVHD."} {"question_id": 2188, "question": "Is a negative MUC4 stain characteristic of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Negative MUC4 stain suggests cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2189, "question": "Does a positive MUC4 stain suggest the presence of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Negative MUC4 stain suggests cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2190, "question": "Can the absence of MUC4 staining be used to differentiate cellular intramuscular myxoma from other soft tissue tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Negative MUC4 stain suggests cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2191, "question": "Is MUC4 staining typically positive in cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Negative MUC4 stain suggests cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2192, "question": "Is FUS-DDIT3 a common translocation in myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c1d5f272-fea4-4df3-ad6a-3a2d34ca509d.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 2193, "question": "Does myxoid liposarcoma typically involve translocations that do not include FUS-DDIT3?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c1d5f272-fea4-4df3-ad6a-3a2d34ca509d.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 2194, "question": "Are translocations important in the diagnosis of myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c1d5f272-fea4-4df3-ad6a-3a2d34ca509d.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 2195, "question": "Is myxoid liposarcoma characterized by the absence of any translocations?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_c1d5f272-fea4-4df3-ad6a-3a2d34ca509d.jpg", "report": "Description of translocation sarcoma in myxoid liposarcoma, with FUS-DDIT3 being the most common translocation."} {"question_id": 2196, "question": "Is complete tumor removal necessary for differentiating myxoma from cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Complete tumor removal makes it easy to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2197, "question": "Are myxomas typically located in intramuscular regions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Complete tumor removal makes it easy to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2198, "question": "Does partial tumor removal suffice for accurate diagnosis between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Complete tumor removal makes it easy to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2199, "question": "Can cellular intramuscular myxoma be mistaken for another type of tumor without full excision?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Complete tumor removal makes it easy to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2200, "question": "Are the vessels compressed in the peripheral zone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f42e1c55-b1f3-439b-8bfc-72791c93176b.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2201, "question": "Are the vessels compressed in the central zone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f42e1c55-b1f3-439b-8bfc-72791c93176b.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2202, "question": "Is there evidence of vessel dilation in the peripheral zone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f42e1c55-b1f3-439b-8bfc-72791c93176b.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2203, "question": "Are the vessels beneath the central zone also compressed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_f42e1c55-b1f3-439b-8bfc-72791c93176b.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2204, "question": "Are papillary projections a common feature in the bottom piece of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2205, "question": "Are papillary projections typically absent in tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2206, "question": "Do papillary projections indicate a benign nature of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2207, "question": "Can papillary projections be observed in malignant tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Papillary projections are frequently seen in the bottom piece of the tumor."} {"question_id": 2208, "question": "Are cysts commonly associated with a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "report": "Rare cases of cysts may have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance or even osteosarcomatous areas."} {"question_id": 2209, "question": "Can cysts occasionally exhibit osteosarcomatous areas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "report": "Rare cases of cysts may have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance or even osteosarcomatous areas."} {"question_id": 2210, "question": "Is it rare for cysts to have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "report": "Rare cases of cysts may have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance or even osteosarcomatous areas."} {"question_id": 2211, "question": "Are high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma features in cysts a common finding?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2d07ce43-7c97-4d79-8e95-3a4f9f1d4f2a.jpg", "report": "Rare cases of cysts may have a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma appearance or even osteosarcomatous areas."} {"question_id": 2212, "question": "Are melanin granules within melanophages more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 2213, "question": "Can hemosiderin pigment be found in centroblasts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 2214, "question": "Are melanophages responsible for producing hemosiderin pigment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 2215, "question": "Is the uniformity in size and shape of melanin granules a distinguishing feature from hemosiderin pigment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9667fa36-5fd9-4553-9f8c-8b3cdac2b6c1.jpg", "report": "Melanin granules within melanophages are more uniform in size and shape compared to hemosiderin pigment in centroblasts."} {"question_id": 2216, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation often associated with damaged nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2217, "question": "Does sarcoid granulomatous inflammation typically involve the formation of abscesses?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2218, "question": "Can sarcoid granulomatous inflammation affect multiple organ systems, including the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2219, "question": "Are eosinophils primarily involved in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_45ba8961-111e-440a-bff9-00b87992409c.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2220, "question": "Can severe dysplasia in the chest indicate a pre-cancerous condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "Severe dysplasia seen in resection."} {"question_id": 2221, "question": "Is severe dysplasia typically benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "Severe dysplasia seen in resection."} {"question_id": 2222, "question": "Does severe dysplasia often require surgical intervention?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "Severe dysplasia seen in resection."} {"question_id": 2223, "question": "Can severe dysplasia resolve without treatment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_997a8219-edca-40e9-b1e8-2aa60d52f990.jpg", "report": "Severe dysplasia seen in resection."} {"question_id": 2224, "question": "Is arabesque-type fibular material commonly found in the periphery of fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2225, "question": "Does the presence of arabesque-type fibular material indicate a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2226, "question": "Are fat microcysts typically associated with malignant conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2227, "question": "Is it necessary to consider the type of fibular material when diagnosing fat microcysts?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_4a527a05-1434-4bf5-a26a-6d9a6454057f.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2228, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation characterized by involvement around damaged nerves?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6d531ab3-9793-4f54-aa26-8e480f237723.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2229, "question": "Are the granulomas in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation typically non-caseating?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6d531ab3-9793-4f54-aa26-8e480f237723.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2230, "question": "Does sarcoid granulomatous inflammation exclusively affect the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6d531ab3-9793-4f54-aa26-8e480f237723.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2231, "question": "Is the presence of damaged nerves a rare occurrence in sarcoid granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6d531ab3-9793-4f54-aa26-8e480f237723.jpg", "report": "Involvement around damaged nerves is a common feature of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 2232, "question": "Can Prussian blue stain be used to identify the presence of iron in tissue samples?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 2233, "question": "Does Fontana-Masson stain confirm the presence of melanin pigment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 2234, "question": "Is Fontana-Masson stain used to detect hemocyanin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 2235, "question": "Can Prussian blue stain be used to confirm the presence of melanin pigment?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_cc7d42e4-f76c-4df4-843a-cf0b51945268.jpg", "report": "Special stains such as Prussian blue or Fontana-Masson can be used to confirm the presence of hemocyanin or melanin pigment."} {"question_id": 2236, "question": "Are numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer indicative of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2237, "question": "Is the presence of melanocytes in the matrix layer usually benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2238, "question": "Should the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer prompt further investigation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2239, "question": "Is the matrix layer typically devoid of melanocytes in healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5f174254-0490-4295-ae0c-e926e4473247.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2240, "question": "Is the epidermis slightly thinned in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is slightly thinned with a basement of the reed bridge pattern."} {"question_id": 2241, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate thickening of the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is slightly thinned with a basement of the reed bridge pattern."} {"question_id": 2242, "question": "Is the basement membrane described as having a reed bridge pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is slightly thinned with a basement of the reed bridge pattern."} {"question_id": 2243, "question": "Are there any indications of epidermal hyperplasia in this pathology report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8735b46d-df9d-4706-a284-4fdabb7c7d9d.jpg", "report": "The epidermis is slightly thinned with a basement of the reed bridge pattern."} {"question_id": 2244, "question": "Are arc-shaped vessel patterns seen in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_6ea1f4bc-7320-4141-aa1d-588cb03d1b5a.jpg", "report": "Description of vessel patterns in tumors, including the arc shape seen in some tumors such as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2245, "question": "Is the presence of arc-shaped vessel patterns exclusive to high-grade tumors? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_6ea1f4bc-7320-4141-aa1d-588cb03d1b5a.jpg", "report": "Description of vessel patterns in tumors, including the arc shape seen in some tumors such as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2246, "question": "Can vessel patterns in tumors aid in the differential diagnosis of certain sarcomas? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_6ea1f4bc-7320-4141-aa1d-588cb03d1b5a.jpg", "report": "Description of vessel patterns in tumors, including the arc shape seen in some tumors such as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2247, "question": "Do all tumors exhibit vessel patterns with an arc shape? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_6ea1f4bc-7320-4141-aa1d-588cb03d1b5a.jpg", "report": "Description of vessel patterns in tumors, including the arc shape seen in some tumors such as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2248, "question": "Can leukocytoclastic vasculitis cause nodules on acral skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions."} {"question_id": 2249, "question": "Are nodular lesions from leukocytoclastic vasculitis typically found in non-acral regions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions."} {"question_id": 2250, "question": "Is leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with immune complex deposition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions."} {"question_id": 2251, "question": "Are these nodular lesions from leukocytoclastic vasculitis usually benign and non-progressive?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4616f6ad-a0aa-43a0-a0ed-7b746818cd8e.jpg", "report": "Nodules on acral skin can be caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can end up with these nodular lesions."} {"question_id": 2252, "question": "Are high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearances common in chest pathology cases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b97387a8-0fda-46af-a5b8-e4828215e011.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 2253, "question": "Have there been reports of osteosarcomatous areas in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b97387a8-0fda-46af-a5b8-e4828215e011.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 2254, "question": "Is it common to see full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearances in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b97387a8-0fda-46af-a5b8-e4828215e011.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 2255, "question": "Have rare cases with a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance been described?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_b97387a8-0fda-46af-a5b8-e4828215e011.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 2256, "question": "Are dilated vascular channels a characteristic feature of a biphasic vascular tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "A biphasic vascular tumor is characterized by dilated vascular channels in the central area."} {"question_id": 2257, "question": "Is the central area of a biphasic vascular tumor devoid of vascular channels?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "A biphasic vascular tumor is characterized by dilated vascular channels in the central area."} {"question_id": 2258, "question": "Can a biphasic vascular tumor show both vascular and non-vascular components?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "A biphasic vascular tumor is characterized by dilated vascular channels in the central area."} {"question_id": 2259, "question": "Are the dilated vascular channels in a biphasic vascular tumor typically found in the peripheral area?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "A biphasic vascular tumor is characterized by dilated vascular channels in the central area."} {"question_id": 2260, "question": "Is the lesion characterized by a localized, circumscribed area?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2261, "question": "Are there granulomatous abnormalities present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2262, "question": "Does the absence of dyskeratotic keratinocytes rule out porokeratosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2263, "question": "Is porokeratosis a likely diagnosis for this lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a localized, circumscribed area without granulomatous abnormalities or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, ruling out porokeratosis."} {"question_id": 2264, "question": "Is there evidence of excessive bleeding within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Excessive bleeding within the tumor and brown pigment near the surface, likely hemocyanin rather than melanin."} {"question_id": 2265, "question": "Is the brown pigment near the surface likely to be melanin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Excessive bleeding within the tumor and brown pigment near the surface, likely hemocyanin rather than melanin."} {"question_id": 2266, "question": "Could the brown pigment near the surface be hemocyanin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Excessive bleeding within the tumor and brown pigment near the surface, likely hemocyanin rather than melanin."} {"question_id": 2267, "question": "Is there an absence of pigment near the surface of the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_02e79690-5b3a-4acd-b1f7-045efdd9787d.jpg", "report": "Excessive bleeding within the tumor and brown pigment near the surface, likely hemocyanin rather than melanin."} {"question_id": 2268, "question": "Are localized abnormalities in the epithelium often due to somatic mutations?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2245d98c-287f-45ab-b770-2cef8c919522.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 2269, "question": "Do poro and clear cell acanthoma involve abnormalities in the epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2245d98c-287f-45ab-b770-2cef8c919522.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 2270, "question": "Are somatic mutations irrelevant in the development of clear cell acanthoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2245d98c-287f-45ab-b770-2cef8c919522.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 2271, "question": "Can localized epithelial abnormalities occur without any mutations?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2245d98c-287f-45ab-b770-2cef8c919522.jpg", "report": "Localized abnormalities in the epithelium can occur due to somatic mutations, such as in poro and clear cell acanthoma."} {"question_id": 2272, "question": "Are internal control glands exhibiting staining for nuclear markers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The internal control glands are staining for both nuclear and membranous cytoplasmic stains."} {"question_id": 2273, "question": "Is the staining of internal control glands limited only to the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The internal control glands are staining for both nuclear and membranous cytoplasmic stains."} {"question_id": 2274, "question": "Do internal control glands show membranous cytoplasmic staining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The internal control glands are staining for both nuclear and membranous cytoplasmic stains."} {"question_id": 2275, "question": "Are the internal control glands failing to show any staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_fbc5b269-fc07-4337-8b78-bc8312f6d9b0.jpg", "report": "The internal control glands are staining for both nuclear and membranous cytoplasmic stains."} {"question_id": 2276, "question": "Are lymphocytes present within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8b0e842c-7338-491f-9fb9-2928932f01f6.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2277, "question": "Is there evidence of duct formation in the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8b0e842c-7338-491f-9fb9-2928932f01f6.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2278, "question": "Are neutrophils the primary cells observed in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8b0e842c-7338-491f-9fb9-2928932f01f6.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2279, "question": "Is there a complete absence of duct-like structures in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8b0e842c-7338-491f-9fb9-2928932f01f6.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2280, "question": "Can EMA be used to diagnose perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2281, "question": "Is Glut-1 typically expressed in low-grade fibrosarcomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2282, "question": "Are Clodin-1 and EMA exclusively found in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2283, "question": "Can immunohistochemical stains help differentiate between perineuriomas and low-grade fibrosarcomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7807ddd7-4e7e-4a1d-aeba-2e2b021c55bc.jpg", "report": "EMA, Clodin-1, and Glut-1 are immunohistochemical stains that can help diagnose perineuriomas, but low-grade fibrosarcomas can also express EMA and Clodin-1."} {"question_id": 2284, "question": "Are mitosis and apoptosis indicative of cellular turnover in the dysplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 2285, "question": "Is the presence of mitosis and apoptosis in the dysplastic epithelium a sign of normal cell activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 2286, "question": "Can the presence of mitosis and apoptosis in the dysplastic epithelium suggest a potential for malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 2287, "question": "Are mitosis and apoptosis typically absent in non-dysplastic epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_32417ed6-24b1-40eb-80cd-0e707d494e66.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and apoptosis are also present in the dysplastic epithelium."} {"question_id": 2288, "question": "Are lymphocytes present throughout the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Several lymphocytes are present throughout the tumor."} {"question_id": 2289, "question": "Is there an absence of lymphocytes within the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Several lymphocytes are present throughout the tumor."} {"question_id": 2290, "question": "Do lymphocytes indicate an immune response within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Several lymphocytes are present throughout the tumor."} {"question_id": 2291, "question": "Are neutrophils the primary cells present in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_ae5a7f91-b793-4d68-aae8-d47495618c20.jpg", "report": "Several lymphocytes are present throughout the tumor."} {"question_id": 2292, "question": "Is there a noticeable reduction in the cornified layer in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e9958770-87f7-412e-ace5-f8aafa60a9e6.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2293, "question": "Is the cornified layer present and intact in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e9958770-87f7-412e-ace5-f8aafa60a9e6.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2294, "question": "Does the pathology image suggest a possible issue in the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_e9958770-87f7-412e-ace5-f8aafa60a9e6.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2296, "question": "Does the presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggest a neuroendocrine carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "The presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggests a neuroendocrine carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2297, "question": "Is pepper-like copper chromatin exclusive to neuroendocrine carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "The presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggests a neuroendocrine carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2298, "question": "Can neuroendocrine carcinoma be identified by the presence of chromatin patterns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "The presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggests a neuroendocrine carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2299, "question": "Are neuroendocrine carcinoma cells typically devoid of any chromatin patterns?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "The presence of pepper-like copper chromatin suggests a neuroendocrine carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2300, "question": "Does the neoplasm have a loose and mixoid stroma similar to basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "The neoplasm has a relatively dense fibrous stroma, unlike the loose and mixoid stroma seen around basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2301, "question": "Is the stroma around the neoplasm relatively dense and fibrous?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "The neoplasm has a relatively dense fibrous stroma, unlike the loose and mixoid stroma seen around basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2302, "question": "Can the presence of a dense fibrous stroma help differentiate this neoplasm from basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "The neoplasm has a relatively dense fibrous stroma, unlike the loose and mixoid stroma seen around basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2303, "question": "Is the neoplasm characterized by a loose stroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_e41eadb4-ec94-4b64-af23-4f0f02dfac1a.jpg", "report": "The neoplasm has a relatively dense fibrous stroma, unlike the loose and mixoid stroma seen around basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2304, "question": "Does the patient have a history of solid organ transplantation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2305, "question": "Is mycophenolate mofetil commonly associated with this type of injury?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2306, "question": "Are the observed injuries unrelated to the patient's immunosuppressive therapy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2307, "question": "Can mycophenolate mofetil cause gastrointestinal symptoms in transplant recipients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_214d2a70-69d1-4660-9b43-434241da4ecc.jpg", "report": "The patient is a solid organ transplant recipient with mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2308, "question": "Are muscle bundles present in the lamina propria in this case? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 2309, "question": "Is hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa observed in this specimen? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 2311, "question": "Is there any indication of inflammation in the provided report?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscle bundles are seen in the lamina propria due to hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosa."} {"question_id": 2312, "question": "Is a storiform pattern commonly associated with fibrous histiocytomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "The typical storiform pattern is also present in this case."} {"question_id": 2313, "question": "Can a storiform pattern be seen in conditions other than fibrous histiocytomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "The typical storiform pattern is also present in this case."} {"question_id": 2314, "question": "Is the storiform pattern characterized by a haphazard arrangement of cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "The typical storiform pattern is also present in this case."} {"question_id": 2315, "question": "Does the storiform pattern indicate a spindle cell lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_8d7a5078-12be-49d3-8929-42114f40a33a.jpg", "report": "The typical storiform pattern is also present in this case."} {"question_id": 2316, "question": "Are melanophages typically found in the epidermal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65852f62-96f7-41e4-9c32-dff32a7a7ef2.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 2317, "question": "Can melanophages vary in size and shape?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65852f62-96f7-41e4-9c32-dff32a7a7ef2.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 2318, "question": "Are melanophages indicative of a chronic inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65852f62-96f7-41e4-9c32-dff32a7a7ef2.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 2319, "question": "Do melanophages directly produce melanin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_65852f62-96f7-41e4-9c32-dff32a7a7ef2.jpg", "report": "Presence of melanophages with variable size and shape."} {"question_id": 2320, "question": "Can surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung potentially prolong the patient's disease course?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_13a66807-055f-4986-8c22-f11dbff4f623.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2321, "question": "Are solitary metastases from the lung always indicative of a poor prognosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_13a66807-055f-4986-8c22-f11dbff4f623.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2322, "question": "Is surgical resection a viable treatment option for patients with multiple metastases from the lung?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_13a66807-055f-4986-8c22-f11dbff4f623.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2323, "question": "Does the presence of solitary lung metastases necessarily mean the primary cancer is lung cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_13a66807-055f-4986-8c22-f11dbff4f623.jpg", "report": "Surgical resection of solitary metastases from the lung may prolong the disease course."} {"question_id": 2324, "question": "Is MUC4 stain used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2325, "question": "Can cellular intramuscular myxomas be diagnosed without the use of MUC4 stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2326, "question": "Is MUC4 stain specific to cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2327, "question": "Is the presence of MUC4 stain irrelevant in diagnosing cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8184162a-6f50-40b1-bc14-9c1f1ddf7962.jpg", "report": "MUC4 stain is used to confirm the diagnosis of cellular intramuscular myxoma."} {"question_id": 2328, "question": "Is the tumor well-circumscribed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor appears to be well-circumscribed and has a blue staining due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus."} {"question_id": 2329, "question": "Does the blue staining indicate the presence of hematoxylin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor appears to be well-circumscribed and has a blue staining due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus."} {"question_id": 2330, "question": "Is the blue staining due to eosin staining the cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor appears to be well-circumscribed and has a blue staining due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus."} {"question_id": 2331, "question": "Is the tumor poorly defined in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_16dcef57-bfaa-4dd7-9077-d079e0cacb50.jpg", "report": "The tumor appears to be well-circumscribed and has a blue staining due to hematoxylin staining the nucleus."} {"question_id": 2332, "question": "Is intraglandular epithelial proliferation associated with high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_436dc006-96b9-4a0e-b164-b7df28969d1b.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2333, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia typically involve the proliferation of stromal cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_436dc006-96b9-4a0e-b164-b7df28969d1b.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2334, "question": "Can high-grade dysplasia be identified by the presence of intraglandular epithelial proliferation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_436dc006-96b9-4a0e-b164-b7df28969d1b.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2335, "question": "Is the presence of intraglandular epithelial proliferation indicative of low-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_436dc006-96b9-4a0e-b164-b7df28969d1b.jpg", "report": "Intraglandular epithelial proliferation is a feature of high-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2336, "question": "Is there evidence of necrosis in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dda42eb4-663e-4e07-b885-a9a07e57b13b.jpg", "report": "No necrosis or appreciable number of mitoses seen."} {"question_id": 2337, "question": "Are there a significant number of mitoses visible in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dda42eb4-663e-4e07-b885-a9a07e57b13b.jpg", "report": "No necrosis or appreciable number of mitoses seen."} {"question_id": 2338, "question": "Can the absence of necrosis and mitoses indicate a benign condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dda42eb4-663e-4e07-b885-a9a07e57b13b.jpg", "report": "No necrosis or appreciable number of mitoses seen."} {"question_id": 2339, "question": "Is it necessary to perform additional tests to confirm the diagnosis given the lack of necrosis and mitoses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dda42eb4-663e-4e07-b885-a9a07e57b13b.jpg", "report": "No necrosis or appreciable number of mitoses seen."} {"question_id": 2340, "question": "Does follicular lymphoma exhibit a follicular pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_109d1109-ed46-44b8-ba02-cbdc8ac542bd.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma has two different patterns: follicular and diffuse."} {"question_id": 2341, "question": "Is the diffuse pattern absent in follicular lymphoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_109d1109-ed46-44b8-ba02-cbdc8ac542bd.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma has two different patterns: follicular and diffuse."} {"question_id": 2342, "question": "Can follicular lymphoma present with both follicular and diffuse patterns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_109d1109-ed46-44b8-ba02-cbdc8ac542bd.jpg", "report": "Follicular lymphoma has two different patterns: follicular and diffuse."} {"question_id": 2343, "question": "Is Clodin-1 often expressed in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_40070839-9f02-485f-be7f-6f9363b416f6.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2344, "question": "Is Glut-1 usually positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_40070839-9f02-485f-be7f-6f9363b416f6.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2345, "question": "Can MUC4 be a marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_40070839-9f02-485f-be7f-6f9363b416f6.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2346, "question": "Should MUC4 be positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_40070839-9f02-485f-be7f-6f9363b416f6.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2347, "question": "Does Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) show an infiltrate of lymphocytes and melanophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_294689bd-4e49-4997-bfe8-586a59c6a03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen shows infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages in a patient with Erythema dyschromicum perstands (EDP), which is a variant of lichen planus. EDP lacks epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and has a less robust inflammatory infiltrate compared to lichen planus. Clinical pathological correlation is important in diagnosing EDP."} {"question_id": 2348, "question": "Is epidermal hyperplasia a characteristic feature of Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_294689bd-4e49-4997-bfe8-586a59c6a03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen shows infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages in a patient with Erythema dyschromicum perstands (EDP), which is a variant of lichen planus. EDP lacks epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and has a less robust inflammatory infiltrate compared to lichen planus. Clinical pathological correlation is important in diagnosing EDP."} {"question_id": 2349, "question": "Are the inflammatory infiltrates in Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) generally less robust compared to lichen planus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_294689bd-4e49-4997-bfe8-586a59c6a03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen shows infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages in a patient with Erythema dyschromicum perstands (EDP), which is a variant of lichen planus. EDP lacks epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and has a less robust inflammatory infiltrate compared to lichen planus. Clinical pathological correlation is important in diagnosing EDP."} {"question_id": 2350, "question": "Does Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) exhibit hypergranulosis and compact orthokeratosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_294689bd-4e49-4997-bfe8-586a59c6a03a.jpg", "report": "Biopsy specimen shows infiltrate of lymphocytes and numerous melanophages in a patient with Erythema dyschromicum perstands (EDP), which is a variant of lichen planus. EDP lacks epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, compact orthokeratosis, and has a less robust inflammatory infiltrate compared to lichen planus. Clinical pathological correlation is important in diagnosing EDP."} {"question_id": 2351, "question": "Are psammoma bodies typically found in serous cyst papillary carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Serous cyst papillary carcinoma is frequently associated with the presence of psammoma bodies, which are calcified rounded bodies."} {"question_id": 2352, "question": "Is serous cyst papillary carcinoma usually associated with the presence of non-calcified rounded bodies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Serous cyst papillary carcinoma is frequently associated with the presence of psammoma bodies, which are calcified rounded bodies."} {"question_id": 2353, "question": "Can the presence of psammoma bodies aid in the diagnosis of serous cyst papillary carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Serous cyst papillary carcinoma is frequently associated with the presence of psammoma bodies, which are calcified rounded bodies."} {"question_id": 2354, "question": "Are psammoma bodies exclusively found in the papillary structures of serous cyst papillary carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Serous cyst papillary carcinoma is frequently associated with the presence of psammoma bodies, which are calcified rounded bodies."} {"question_id": 2355, "question": "Can H. pylori be found in the luminal area of the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 2356, "question": "Is H. pylori typically located in the submucosal layer of the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 2357, "question": "Does the presence of H. pylori in the stomach suggest a potential cause for chronic gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 2358, "question": "Is H. pylori commonly found in the esophagus?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Presence of H. pylori in the luminal area or lumen of the stomach."} {"question_id": 2359, "question": "Is the epithelial component involved in the hamartoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5d534cab-1771-4c19-a157-83b1eaaf4f21.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 2360, "question": "Does the hamartoma affect the fibrous sheath around the hair follicle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5d534cab-1771-4c19-a157-83b1eaaf4f21.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 2361, "question": "Is the hamartoma limited to just the hair follicle without involving any other structures?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5d534cab-1771-4c19-a157-83b1eaaf4f21.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 2362, "question": "Can the presence of a fibrous sheath help in the differential diagnosis of a hamartoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5d534cab-1771-4c19-a157-83b1eaaf4f21.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 2364, "question": "Does the tumor exhibit signs of dense fibrosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2365, "question": "Are there indications of necrosis within the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2366, "question": "Is the presence of dense fibrosis typical for a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_5c9a737a-56a2-4890-a545-1645d40ff13e.jpg", "report": "Multilobulated growth and dense fibrosis are present in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2367, "question": "Can spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include neural tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dc777b8f-901a-4667-8033-74f2a1b61897.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 2368, "question": "Are spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms exclusively composed of epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dc777b8f-901a-4667-8033-74f2a1b61897.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 2369, "question": "Do muscle tumors classify under spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dc777b8f-901a-4667-8033-74f2a1b61897.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 2370, "question": "Are spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms always malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_dc777b8f-901a-4667-8033-74f2a1b61897.jpg", "report": "Spindle cell non-epithelial neoplasms include muscle and neural tumors."} {"question_id": 2371, "question": "Is the pathology consistent with funiculitis affecting both superficial and deep layers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 2373, "question": "Are the perivascular regions involved in this case of funiculitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 2374, "question": "Is the interstitial region unaffected in this report of funiculitis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_51baed9e-eb48-4081-8853-ae258746f29c.jpg", "report": "The pattern is consistent with superficial and deep funiculitis, involving the perivascular and interstitial regions."} {"question_id": 2375, "question": "Is Perforating GA a type of granulomatous condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis."} {"question_id": 2376, "question": "Does Perforating GA exhibit palisade granulostermatitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis."} {"question_id": 2377, "question": "Is Perforating GA primarily characterized by neutrophilic infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis."} {"question_id": 2378, "question": "Can Perforating GA be classified under non-granulomatous conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30d935c5-5d59-43aa-93d8-cd7cd7b0e1af.jpg", "report": "Perforating GA is a type of granulomatous condition that gives palisade granulostermatitis."} {"question_id": 2379, "question": "Is inflammatory bowel disease likely based on the cytology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c28373d3-b282-46d8-b6be-d50cd5854b00.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology."} {"question_id": 2380, "question": "Does the cytology suggest that inflammatory bowel disease can be ruled out?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c28373d3-b282-46d8-b6be-d50cd5854b00.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology."} {"question_id": 2381, "question": "Could the absence of certain cellular markers indicate that the patient does not have inflammatory bowel disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c28373d3-b282-46d8-b6be-d50cd5854b00.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology."} {"question_id": 2382, "question": "Is inflammatory bowel disease confirmed based on the cytology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c28373d3-b282-46d8-b6be-d50cd5854b00.jpg", "report": "Inflammatory bowel disease is not likely based on the cytology."} {"question_id": 2383, "question": "Does the punch biopsy show evidence of nodular angioplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy reveals nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis."} {"question_id": 2384, "question": "Is the nodular angioplasia located in the reticular dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy reveals nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis."} {"question_id": 2386, "question": "Does the punch biopsy suggest the presence of malignant cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_a9954815-75a0-4513-ac9c-cf559c4e861d.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy reveals nodular angioplasia in the papillary dermis."} {"question_id": 2387, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia typically found in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine."} {"question_id": 2388, "question": "Can pancreatic acinar metaplasia occur in the small intestine?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine."} {"question_id": 2389, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia a common finding in routine gastric biopsies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine."} {"question_id": 2390, "question": "Does pancreatic acinar metaplasia indicate malignant transformation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2310b77e-9111-4a96-98ef-680e62280e5d.jpg", "report": "Description of pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the stomach and small intestine."} {"question_id": 2391, "question": "Can the separation of glands and epithelium in the chest pathology image be indicative of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "The glands and epithelium are pushed apart from each other, which may be procedure-related or seen in chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2392, "question": "Is the separation of glands and epithelium always a sign of a pathological condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "The glands and epithelium are pushed apart from each other, which may be procedure-related or seen in chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2393, "question": "Could the separation of glands and epithelium in the image be a result of a medical procedure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "The glands and epithelium are pushed apart from each other, which may be procedure-related or seen in chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2394, "question": "Is the separation of glands and epithelium likely related to an infectious process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_12588514-8bd8-4cc3-b1a3-05e9f8138c11.jpg", "report": "The glands and epithelium are pushed apart from each other, which may be procedure-related or seen in chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2395, "question": "Are myofibroblasts commonly identified by their characteristic morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts."} {"question_id": 2396, "question": "Do myofibroblasts typically lack the presence of actin filaments?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts."} {"question_id": 2397, "question": "Can the characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts be indicative of fibrotic processes in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts."} {"question_id": 2398, "question": "Is it difficult to differentiate myofibroblasts from fibroblasts based on morphology alone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Characteristic morphology of myofibroblasts."} {"question_id": 2399, "question": "Is the lesion neoplastic in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ef6a8cee-dc5d-48bc-89e3-5f6351cfba7e.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 2400, "question": "Is the lesion likely to be a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ef6a8cee-dc5d-48bc-89e3-5f6351cfba7e.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 2401, "question": "Does the lesion appear to be of epithelial origin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ef6a8cee-dc5d-48bc-89e3-5f6351cfba7e.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 2402, "question": "Is the lesion likely to be of mesenchymal origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ef6a8cee-dc5d-48bc-89e3-5f6351cfba7e.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 2403, "question": "Can pseudomembranes be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2404, "question": "Are pseudomembranes typically formed due to viral infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2405, "question": "Is ischemic injury a potential cause of pseudomembranes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2406, "question": "Do pseudomembranes only occur in the presence of bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0887edbf-5f48-4747-8342-2d4f7a6e89b5.jpg", "report": "Pseudomembranes can be caused by Clostridioides difficile colitis or ischemic injury."} {"question_id": 2407, "question": "Is the biopsy sample taken from the chest region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8985c1c-5f51-4587-98a1-56cb0db65fb7.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is of the stomach and is being examined for H. pylori, which secretes chemotactic factors for neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2408, "question": "Is the biopsy being examined for H. pylori?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8985c1c-5f51-4587-98a1-56cb0db65fb7.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is of the stomach and is being examined for H. pylori, which secretes chemotactic factors for neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2409, "question": "Does H. pylori secrete chemotactic factors for neutrophils?\n", "answer": "Yes ", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8985c1c-5f51-4587-98a1-56cb0db65fb7.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is of the stomach and is being examined for H. pylori, which secretes chemotactic factors for neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2410, "question": "Is H. pylori associated with lung infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f8985c1c-5f51-4587-98a1-56cb0db65fb7.jpg", "report": "The biopsy is of the stomach and is being examined for H. pylori, which secretes chemotactic factors for neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2411, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes indicative of hemosiderosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2412, "question": "Do pigmented histiocytes suggest a chronic inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2413, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes commonly associated with acute infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2414, "question": "Can pigmented histiocytes be a sign of previous hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2415, "question": "Are prominent nuclei a feature of dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8a2d6c55-bd35-4e4e-a119-ebc49c3d2dec.jpg", "report": "Prominent nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary patterns are also indicative of dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2416, "question": "Does the presence of cribriform patterns suggest a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8a2d6c55-bd35-4e4e-a119-ebc49c3d2dec.jpg", "report": "Prominent nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary patterns are also indicative of dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2417, "question": "Can micropapillary patterns be associated with dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8a2d6c55-bd35-4e4e-a119-ebc49c3d2dec.jpg", "report": "Prominent nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary patterns are also indicative of dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2418, "question": "Are cribriform patterns typically seen in non-dysplastic conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8a2d6c55-bd35-4e4e-a119-ebc49c3d2dec.jpg", "report": "Prominent nuclei and cribriform and micropapillary patterns are also indicative of dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2419, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma typically considered a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is likely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2420, "question": "Does low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma often present with high mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is likely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2421, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma often associated with a myxoid matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is likely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2422, "question": "Are necrotic areas commonly seen in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3594f719-d6fd-4c1d-bc83-4aa9c52ac1e9.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is likely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2423, "question": "Is mycosuria typically associated with fungal infections in the urinary tract?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Mycosuria is present in a 69-year-old male patient with hematuria and elevated PSA levels."} {"question_id": 2424, "question": "Does the presence of hematuria indicate blood in the patient's urine?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Mycosuria is present in a 69-year-old male patient with hematuria and elevated PSA levels."} {"question_id": 2425, "question": "Can elevated PSA levels be indicative of prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Mycosuria is present in a 69-year-old male patient with hematuria and elevated PSA levels."} {"question_id": 2426, "question": "Is mycosuria commonly associated with elevated PSA levels?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d7c2bb0e-8d25-4b93-96f4-a06df852db5d.jpg", "report": "Mycosuria is present in a 69-year-old male patient with hematuria and elevated PSA levels."} {"question_id": 2427, "question": "Does the chest pathology image show evidence of maturation with depth?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2596344b-b932-450f-aa3d-0ffba92fe1cd.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 2428, "question": "Are there signs of mitotic pairs in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2596344b-b932-450f-aa3d-0ffba92fe1cd.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 2429, "question": "Is the presence of mitotic pairs indicative of malignancy in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2596344b-b932-450f-aa3d-0ffba92fe1cd.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 2430, "question": "Can maturation with depth be seen in benign conditions of the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2596344b-b932-450f-aa3d-0ffba92fe1cd.jpg", "report": "Evidence of maturation with depth and no mitotic pairs."} {"question_id": 2431, "question": "Are atypical columnar epithelial cells found in the stroma diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_5718b0ef-b209-4f1e-93b6-f24568babc77.jpg", "report": "Invasion of atypical columnar epithelial cells into the stroma is diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 2432, "question": "Is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma characterized by the invasion of squamous epithelial cells into the stroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_5718b0ef-b209-4f1e-93b6-f24568babc77.jpg", "report": "Invasion of atypical columnar epithelial cells into the stroma is diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 2433, "question": "Can the presence of atypical columnar epithelial cells in the stroma indicate a malignant process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_5718b0ef-b209-4f1e-93b6-f24568babc77.jpg", "report": "Invasion of atypical columnar epithelial cells into the stroma is diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 2434, "question": "Are atypical columnar epithelial cells typically found in benign cystadenomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_5718b0ef-b209-4f1e-93b6-f24568babc77.jpg", "report": "Invasion of atypical columnar epithelial cells into the stroma is diagnostic of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 2435, "question": "Is a deep incisional biopsy recommended for diagnosing a soft tissue neoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 2436, "question": "Are superficial shave biopsies adequate for diagnosing DFSPs (Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 2437, "question": "Can superficial shave biopsies be misleading in the evaluation of DFSPs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 2438, "question": "Is DFSP primarily diagnosed through imaging techniques alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc6b78f5-e9e0-4a20-bb93-d4a40aa06b50.jpg", "report": "Caution against taking superficial shave biopsies of DFSPs and recommendation for deep incisional biopsy when dealing with a soft tissue neoplasm."} {"question_id": 2439, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas typically found in the lungs of patients with ankylosing spondylitis not on TNF inhibitors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a784bb16-bb1b-42cd-8ace-85ebce853b45.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2440, "question": "Can TNF inhibitors potentially lead to the development of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a784bb16-bb1b-42cd-8ace-85ebce853b45.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2441, "question": "Are sarcoid-like granulomas associated with infectious diseases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a784bb16-bb1b-42cd-8ace-85ebce853b45.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2442, "question": "Is it necessary to consider sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis when sarcoid-like granulomas are found in the lungs of a patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_a784bb16-bb1b-42cd-8ace-85ebce853b45.jpg", "report": "Presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in the lung of the patient who was taking TNF for ankylosing spondylitis."} {"question_id": 2443, "question": "Can perineuriomas exhibit whirled or swirled areas in their structure?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "Perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas can have whirled or swirled areas."} {"question_id": 2444, "question": "Are low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas associated with high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "Perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas can have whirled or swirled areas."} {"question_id": 2445, "question": "Is it possible for both perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas to exhibit similar histological features?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "Perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas can have whirled or swirled areas."} {"question_id": 2446, "question": "Are perineuriomas typically associated with high mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_e32c5434-c6dd-42c1-9c99-053fb810a06d.jpg", "report": "Perineuriomas and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas can have whirled or swirled areas."} {"question_id": 2447, "question": "Is elastic cartilage present in the epiglottis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_eecf8160-ce87-46b5-85bd-44bdf9b62159.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 2448, "question": "Can elastic cartilage be found in the external ear?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_eecf8160-ce87-46b5-85bd-44bdf9b62159.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 2449, "question": "Is elastic cartilage typically found in the trachea?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_eecf8160-ce87-46b5-85bd-44bdf9b62159.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 2450, "question": "Does elastic cartilage contribute to the flexibility of the external ear?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_eecf8160-ce87-46b5-85bd-44bdf9b62159.jpg", "report": "Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis."} {"question_id": 2451, "question": "Is eosinophilic gastritis diagnosed with more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 2452, "question": "Are less than five eosinophils per high power field sufficient for a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 2453, "question": "Can eosinophilic gastritis be identified by the presence of eosinophils in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 2454, "question": "Is eosinophilic gastritis associated with lymphocytes as the primary cell type?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Eosinophilic gastritis is diagnosed when there are more than five eosinophils per high power field in the stomach."} {"question_id": 2455, "question": "Are mitoses commonly observed in MAC?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_81c1c618-4711-4364-91a3-add587d50694.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 2456, "question": "Is MAC characterized by a diffuse neoplastic pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_81c1c618-4711-4364-91a3-add587d50694.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 2457, "question": "Does MAC show significant individual cellular atypia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_81c1c618-4711-4364-91a3-add587d50694.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 2458, "question": "Can MAC be identified by its lack of widespread mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_81c1c618-4711-4364-91a3-add587d50694.jpg", "report": "MAC is a neoplasm that is diffuse in nature and does not show a lot of mitoses or individual cellular atypia."} {"question_id": 2459, "question": "Are combined nevi characterized by a benign nevus?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9dea1855-71fe-4f95-b8b0-528a25101f8a.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2460, "question": "Do combined nevi contain a population of epithelial-like melanocytes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9dea1855-71fe-4f95-b8b0-528a25101f8a.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2461, "question": "Are combined nevi considered malignant tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9dea1855-71fe-4f95-b8b0-528a25101f8a.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2462, "question": "Are epithelial-like melanocytes present in combined nevi typically malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9dea1855-71fe-4f95-b8b0-528a25101f8a.jpg", "report": "Description of combined nevi, which are melanocytic tumors characterized by a benign nevus and a population of epithelial-like melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2463, "question": "Is CD68 a marker used to identify xanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2464, "question": "Are xanthoma cells negative for CD68 staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2465, "question": "Can CD68 positivity help differentiate xanthoma from other lesions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2466, "question": "Is CD68 only positive in xanthoma and not in any other conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "CD68 is strongly positive in xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2467, "question": "Does the presence of pannate cell metaplasia suggest an inflammatory process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c42be0a1-220f-4bfd-9737-e3ae913774fa.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2468, "question": "Is distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate typically seen in the lamina propria of healthy tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c42be0a1-220f-4bfd-9737-e3ae913774fa.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2469, "question": "Can the combination of pannate cell metaplasia and lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria indicate a possible diagnosis of IBD?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c42be0a1-220f-4bfd-9737-e3ae913774fa.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2470, "question": "Is the lamina propria typically devoid of any cellular aggregates in cases of IBD?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_c42be0a1-220f-4bfd-9737-e3ae913774fa.jpg", "report": "Discussion of a possible diagnosis of IBD based on the presence of pannate cell metaplasia and distortion associated with a lymphoid aggregate in the preserved lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2471, "question": "Are histiocytes a type of immune cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2472, "question": "Is hemocyanin typically found within human histiocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2473, "question": "Can the presence of hemocyanin within histiocytes indicate an underlying pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2474, "question": "Are histiocytes associated with the lymphatic system?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_184b4c7e-959b-4998-8773-3b16a88b79f9.jpg", "report": "Hemocyanin is present within the histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2475, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes indicative of hemosiderosis in the lung tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b7c61cc7-68de-4d75-81a3-5cd0960115be.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2476, "question": "Do pigmented histiocytes typically indicate the presence of an acute infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b7c61cc7-68de-4d75-81a3-5cd0960115be.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2477, "question": "Can pigmented histiocytes be a sign of prior hemorrhage in the lung?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b7c61cc7-68de-4d75-81a3-5cd0960115be.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2478, "question": "Are pigmented histiocytes primarily associated with allergic reactions in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_b7c61cc7-68de-4d75-81a3-5cd0960115be.jpg", "report": "Presence of pigmented histiocytes."} {"question_id": 2479, "question": "Does a fibrofolliculoma typically have a dense fibrous stroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Describes the physical characteristics of fibrofolliculoma, including a relatively dense fibrous stroma and no clefting between the lesion."} {"question_id": 2480, "question": "Is clefting between the lesion and surrounding tissue a characteristic feature of fibrofolliculoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Describes the physical characteristics of fibrofolliculoma, including a relatively dense fibrous stroma and no clefting between the lesion."} {"question_id": 2481, "question": "Are fibrofolliculomas associated with a lack of clefting between the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Describes the physical characteristics of fibrofolliculoma, including a relatively dense fibrous stroma and no clefting between the lesion."} {"question_id": 2482, "question": "Is inflammation a typical response to chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2483, "question": "Is chemical gastritis usually associated with bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2484, "question": "Can chemical gastritis lead to chronic inflammation if left untreated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2485, "question": "Is chemical gastritis commonly linked to autoimmune conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2486, "question": "Is pleomorphism a common feature in this tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2487, "question": "Are mitotic figures frequently observed in this tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2488, "question": "Can this tumor be characterized by a lack of significant pleomorphism and mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2489, "question": "Does the absence of high pleomorphism and mitotic activity indicate a benign nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2b9d634a-4aee-4dd1-9026-7dbebb1015fc.jpg", "report": "Pleomorphism and mitotic activity are uncommon in this tumor."} {"question_id": 2490, "question": "Are mitotic figures indicative of active cell division in the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and stratification are observed."} {"question_id": 2491, "question": "Is the presence of stratification usually associated with single-layered epithelial tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and stratification are observed."} {"question_id": 2492, "question": "Can the observation of mitosis suggest a potential for neoplastic activity in the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and stratification are observed."} {"question_id": 2493, "question": "Does the absence of stratification usually indicate a normal tissue architecture?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c3ffa8b2-387b-4d35-b219-84a9f742c5d7.jpg", "report": "Mitosis and stratification are observed."} {"question_id": 2494, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate commonly associated with invasive cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually associated with invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 2495, "question": "Can intraductal carcinoma of the prostate occur independently without any invasive component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually associated with invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 2496, "question": "Is intraductal carcinoma of the prostate considered a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually associated with invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 2497, "question": "Are patients with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate at higher risk for aggressive disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_544693de-c787-4ed3-a400-43ea5365d478.jpg", "report": "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is usually associated with invasive cancer."} {"question_id": 2498, "question": "Are malignant glands present in the muscle bundle?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "High grade dysplasia and malignant glands seen in the muscle bundle."} {"question_id": 2500, "question": "Is high grade dysplasia observed in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "High grade dysplasia and malignant glands seen in the muscle bundle."} {"question_id": 2501, "question": "Are there no signs of malignancy in the muscle bundle?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "High grade dysplasia and malignant glands seen in the muscle bundle."} {"question_id": 2502, "question": "Is the presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate indicative of a dermatofibroma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e17ce632-d8cc-4545-8a00-2cd984386fa0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2503, "question": "Are ring siderophages associated with hemosiderotic or aneurysmal types of dermatofibroma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e17ce632-d8cc-4545-8a00-2cd984386fa0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2504, "question": "Can these lesions be completely cured if incompletely excised? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e17ce632-d8cc-4545-8a00-2cd984386fa0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2505, "question": "Does the sclerosing hemangioma variant of dermatofibroma tend to persist or recur? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e17ce632-d8cc-4545-8a00-2cd984386fa0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2506, "question": "Are lymphocytes present in the histopathological findings?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The histopathological findings include lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 2508, "question": "Is acanthosis mentioned in the histopathological findings?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The histopathological findings include lymphocytes, dilated vessels, papillomatosis, and epidermal hyperplasia."} {"question_id": 2510, "question": "Can the lesion occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_3be82740-e995-4d6e-a807-c3fca940d56f.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2511, "question": "Is the lesion restricted to the radial aspect of the fifth digit?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_3be82740-e995-4d6e-a807-c3fca940d56f.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2512, "question": "Can the lesion present bilaterally?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_3be82740-e995-4d6e-a807-c3fca940d56f.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2513, "question": "Is the lesion usually found only on one hand?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_3be82740-e995-4d6e-a807-c3fca940d56f.jpg", "report": "The lesion tends to occur along the ulnar aspect of the fifth digit and can be bilateral."} {"question_id": 2514, "question": "Is the lesion described as a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2515, "question": "Does the lesion include proliferating sebaceous lobules?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2516, "question": "Are dilated blood vessels present in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2517, "question": "Is there a fibrous component in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2518, "question": "Does the epithelial component of the lesion exclude sebaceous glands?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_92ae2460-057d-4e1a-8713-0ac7f340a424.jpg", "report": "The lesion is a small benign papule with dilated blood vessels and proliferating sebaceous lobules. It has two components: a fibrous component and an epithelial component, which includes an epithelial sebaceous gland."} {"question_id": 2519, "question": "Are trichilemmal cysts commonly found on the scalp?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 2520, "question": "Do trichilemmal cysts usually contain granular layers within their epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 2521, "question": "Can trichilemmal cysts be associated with hair follicle structures?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 2522, "question": "Are trichilemmal cysts typically malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_05eec250-fd22-4ed8-93df-a011dc2c30f2.jpg", "report": "Trichilemmal cyst biopsy specimen on slide number seven."} {"question_id": 2523, "question": "Is disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) associated with a perineoplastic process in older individuals?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2524, "question": "Does disseminated granuloma annulare typically present as a localized lesion in younger individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2525, "question": "Should clinicians consider a possible underlying malignancy in older patients with disseminated granuloma annulare?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2526, "question": "Is disseminated granuloma annulare commonly found in the pediatric population?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_24d23039-b3f2-46db-8ca2-24721d0b7540.jpg", "report": "Disseminated GA in older individuals may be a perineoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2527, "question": "Is chronic atrophic gastritis characterized by the thinning of the stomach lining?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2528, "question": "Does intestinal metaplasia involve the replacement of stomach lining cells with intestinal-type cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2529, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria typically found in acute gastritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2530, "question": "Can chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia increase the risk of gastric cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_5c60bb1a-0cfa-4ae1-98cc-acbc869ca38e.jpg", "report": "Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and muscularization of the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2531, "question": "Are extravasated erythrocytes a common finding in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_560fbaaf-db18-4369-bae1-323ae1e9c5c6.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 2532, "question": "Does the presence of siderophages indicate ongoing hemorrhage?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_560fbaaf-db18-4369-bae1-323ae1e9c5c6.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 2533, "question": "Is an infiltrate of lymphocytes observed at the periphery in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_560fbaaf-db18-4369-bae1-323ae1e9c5c6.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 2534, "question": "Are neutrophils the predominant type of infiltrating cells in this pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_560fbaaf-db18-4369-bae1-323ae1e9c5c6.jpg", "report": "Extravasated erythrocytes, siderophages, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes are seen at the periphery."} {"question_id": 2535, "question": "Does the depth of pulmonary involvement indicate a possible neoplastic process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_633b3717-379e-4f46-8628-b5393a9e3a00.jpg", "report": "The depth of the pulmonary involvement suggests a neoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2536, "question": "Is the pulmonary involvement likely due to an infectious process based on the depth described?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_633b3717-379e-4f46-8628-b5393a9e3a00.jpg", "report": "The depth of the pulmonary involvement suggests a neoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2537, "question": "Could the depth of pulmonary involvement be related to a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_633b3717-379e-4f46-8628-b5393a9e3a00.jpg", "report": "The depth of the pulmonary involvement suggests a neoplastic process."} {"question_id": 2539, "question": "Does the sample display a cribriform pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 2540, "question": "Is the micropapillary process absent in the sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 2541, "question": "Does the stratification of the sample indicate a complex architecture?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 2542, "question": "Are the features of the sample consistent with a simple glandular process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_14db8a12-3821-44b4-9c8e-6a119b6dc825.jpg", "report": "The sample is stratified and shows cribriform and micropapillary process."} {"question_id": 2543, "question": "Are the cells in gastric xanthoma characterized by a distinct cell border?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2544, "question": "Is the cytoplasm of the cells in gastric xanthoma sparse and non-foamy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2545, "question": "Are the nuclei of the cells in gastric xanthoma centrally placed?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2546, "question": "Is the lamina propria in gastric xanthoma devoid of cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_23c31f4f-613e-4a94-8a05-211bd141909a.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2547, "question": "Is the stem cell area of a miniaturized hair follicle referred to as the mantle zone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 2548, "question": "Are miniaturized hair follicles typically larger than normal hair follicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 2549, "question": "Is the mantle zone associated with the regeneration of hair follicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 2550, "question": "Do miniaturized hair follicles lack a stem cell area?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The narrator describes a miniaturized hair follicle with a stem cell area known as the mantle zone."} {"question_id": 2551, "question": "Is luminal ruffling in prostate glands a sign of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_47426b94-b186-490d-8be9-bbb9dce1866f.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 2552, "question": "Can the presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands indicate a non-cancerous condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_47426b94-b186-490d-8be9-bbb9dce1866f.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 2553, "question": "Are sharp luminal borders commonly seen in prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_47426b94-b186-490d-8be9-bbb9dce1866f.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 2554, "question": "Should the absence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands be a cause for concern regarding prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_47426b94-b186-490d-8be9-bbb9dce1866f.jpg", "report": "Presence of luminal ruffling in prostate glands is a reassuring sign as prostate cancer usually has sharp luminal borders."} {"question_id": 2555, "question": "Is Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) commonly found in the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 2556, "question": "Does DFSP frequently involve deep soft tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 2557, "question": "Can DFSP be considered a type of skin cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 2558, "question": "Is it rare for DFSP to extend beyond the skin into deeper tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_5034c21b-cf71-4dc4-a11f-7800619e493a.jpg", "report": "DFSP is usually in the skin and rarely involves deep soft tissue."} {"question_id": 2559, "question": "Is a benign leiomyoma typically a smooth muscle tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 2560, "question": "Are benign leiomyomas commonly malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 2561, "question": "Can a benign leiomyoma be identified through histological examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 2562, "question": "Is it common for benign leiomyomas to originate from epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "The lesion likely started as a benign leiomyoma."} {"question_id": 2563, "question": "Is the pain cocktail stain used to identify epithelial components?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The pain cocktail stain is negative in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2564, "question": "Was the pain cocktail stain found to be positive in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The pain cocktail stain is negative in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2565, "question": "Does the negative pain cocktail stain indicate the absence of the epithelial component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The pain cocktail stain is negative in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2566, "question": "Is the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes a defining characteristic of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2567, "question": "Are high-grade sarcomas typically characterized by the FUS and CREB3L2 gene translocation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2568, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma occur without the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2569, "question": "Is the translocation between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes exclusive to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_152660c1-7a02-4527-a98a-a5561a3fa697.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2570, "question": "Is Clodin-1 often expressed in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3e6de5d1-a982-4101-a41c-00b1deecdf6c.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2571, "question": "Is Glut-1 usually positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3e6de5d1-a982-4101-a41c-00b1deecdf6c.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2572, "question": "Is MUC4 a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3e6de5d1-a982-4101-a41c-00b1deecdf6c.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2573, "question": "Should MUC4 be positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3e6de5d1-a982-4101-a41c-00b1deecdf6c.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2574, "question": "Are fibromyxoid tumors characterized by a predominantly pink fibrous component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_0ef4ee74-1969-4d6a-8141-931c1ed6375d.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 2575, "question": "Is the bluish myxoid component less prominent in fibromyxoid tumors than the pink fibrous component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_0ef4ee74-1969-4d6a-8141-931c1ed6375d.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 2576, "question": "Are fibromyxoid tumors typically composed of a single type of tissue component?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_0ef4ee74-1969-4d6a-8141-931c1ed6375d.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 2577, "question": "Can fibromyxoid tumors exhibit both fibrous and myxoid components?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_0ef4ee74-1969-4d6a-8141-931c1ed6375d.jpg", "report": "Histopathology shows predominantly pink fibrous component and a lesser bluish myxoid component, consistent with fibromyxoid tumors."} {"question_id": 2578, "question": "Is epithelial metaplasia observed in the lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ba400909-6dec-4a9b-9bf0-27f52d492e56.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 2579, "question": "Does the lesion exhibit pseudoepithelial metaplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ba400909-6dec-4a9b-9bf0-27f52d492e56.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 2580, "question": "Is there an absence of hyperplastic changes in the lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ba400909-6dec-4a9b-9bf0-27f52d492e56.jpg", "report": "Epithelial and pseudoepithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia are present in the lesion."} {"question_id": 2581, "question": "Is molecular pathology sufficient on its own for diagnosing chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should not be used alone for diagnosis, but should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry findings."} {"question_id": 2582, "question": "Should histologic features be considered alongside molecular pathology for diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should not be used alone for diagnosis, but should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry findings."} {"question_id": 2583, "question": "Are immunohistochemistry findings relevant in the diagnosis of chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should not be used alone for diagnosis, but should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry findings."} {"question_id": 2584, "question": "Can clinical scenarios be ignored when using molecular pathology for diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_d8885f68-50d4-4206-9c20-cccbea5b6876.jpg", "report": "Molecular pathology should not be used alone for diagnosis, but should be coupled with clinical scenario, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry findings."} {"question_id": 2585, "question": "Is the presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate indicative of hemosiderotic dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2586, "question": "Are ring siderophages absent in hemosiderotic dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2587, "question": "Can hemosiderotic dermatofibroma persist or recur if incompletely excised?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2588, "question": "Is hemosiderotic dermatofibroma also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2589, "question": "Is a hemosiderotic dermatofibroma typically a transient condition that resolves on its own?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_31316dc4-2661-4315-ae90-8b7ebfc79ec7.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 2590, "question": "Is sebaceoma a type of benign tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 2591, "question": "Can sebaceoma be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma due to sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 2592, "question": "Are sebaceomas typically found in the dermal layer of the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 2593, "question": "Is sebaceoma commonly associated with malignant transformation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "The lesion is likely a sebaceoma, which can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 2594, "question": "Are eosinophils present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bf11cb9b-379e-4afd-b476-37b8ad9a35e7.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 2595, "question": "Do the inflammatory cells in the image include lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bf11cb9b-379e-4afd-b476-37b8ad9a35e7.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 2596, "question": "Are the capillaries interrupted by bands in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bf11cb9b-379e-4afd-b476-37b8ad9a35e7.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 2597, "question": "Is there an absence of inflammatory cells in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bf11cb9b-379e-4afd-b476-37b8ad9a35e7.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils and band interrupts inflammatory cells and capillaries."} {"question_id": 2598, "question": "Are the clear staining cells present in deep, large aggregations? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "report": "The deep, large aggregations of clear staining cells with cuticular areas inside the ducts resemble a syringoma."} {"question_id": 2599, "question": "Do these cells resemble a syringoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "report": "The deep, large aggregations of clear staining cells with cuticular areas inside the ducts resemble a syringoma."} {"question_id": 2600, "question": "Are the cuticular areas located outside the ducts? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "report": "The deep, large aggregations of clear staining cells with cuticular areas inside the ducts resemble a syringoma."} {"question_id": 2601, "question": "Is the presence of cuticular areas inside the ducts a characteristic of syringoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_c623b28d-db14-4019-bd1e-3ca9b5092c16.jpg", "report": "The deep, large aggregations of clear staining cells with cuticular areas inside the ducts resemble a syringoma."} {"question_id": 2602, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia characterized by acinar structures resembling the pancreas in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 2603, "question": "Can pancreatic acinar metaplasia occur in organs other than the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 2604, "question": "Does pancreatic acinar metaplasia involve the presence of histiocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 2605, "question": "Is pancreatic acinar metaplasia a condition where the stomach tissue resembles pancreatic tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ed71e498-cdc8-4f2a-90c3-46df67558a93.jpg", "report": "Presence of acinar structures resembling pancreas in the stomach is known as pancreatic acinar metaplasia."} {"question_id": 2606, "question": "Can prostate tumors metastasize to other organs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_550ce02e-2076-49b3-b29e-570bdd51b7e3.jpg", "report": "Not all prostate tumors are primary, some can be secondary from a distant site."} {"question_id": 2607, "question": "Are all prostate tumors primary in origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_550ce02e-2076-49b3-b29e-570bdd51b7e3.jpg", "report": "Not all prostate tumors are primary, some can be secondary from a distant site."} {"question_id": 2608, "question": "Is it possible for a prostate tumor to originate from a distant site?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_550ce02e-2076-49b3-b29e-570bdd51b7e3.jpg", "report": "Not all prostate tumors are primary, some can be secondary from a distant site."} {"question_id": 2609, "question": "Are secondary prostate tumors always more aggressive than primary tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_550ce02e-2076-49b3-b29e-570bdd51b7e3.jpg", "report": "Not all prostate tumors are primary, some can be secondary from a distant site."} {"question_id": 2610, "question": "Are ganglion cells crucial for diagnosing congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2611, "question": "Is congenital megacolon typically associated with an absence of ganglion cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2612, "question": "Does the presence of ganglion cells indicate the absence of congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2613, "question": "Is the diagnosis of congenital megacolon primarily based on the presence of eosinophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2614, "question": "Is there a complete absence of the cornified layer in the pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2615, "question": "Does the pathology image show the presence of the cornified layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2616, "question": "Can the loss of the cornified layer indicate a possible skin disorder in the patient?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2617, "question": "Is the cornified layer intact in the provided pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_d6b4ac1d-f599-4c3a-8e61-a2c9de93d69d.jpg", "report": "There is loss of the cornified layer."} {"question_id": 2618, "question": "Are lymphocytes present in the colonic glands and crypts? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5f486045-06ed-4a5e-8e56-1022cf892b7a.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2619, "question": "Is there a consistent amount of lamina propria between the crypts? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5f486045-06ed-4a5e-8e56-1022cf892b7a.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2620, "question": "Are plasma cells observed in the colonic glands and crypts? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5f486045-06ed-4a5e-8e56-1022cf892b7a.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2621, "question": "Is there an abnormal amount of lamina propria between the crypts? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_5f486045-06ed-4a5e-8e56-1022cf892b7a.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2622, "question": "Is apoptosis a diagnostic criterion for dysplasia in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "report": "High power view shows apoptosis and mitosis, diagnostic criteria for dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2623, "question": "Does the presence of mitosis in high power view indicate normal cellular activity in chest tissues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "report": "High power view shows apoptosis and mitosis, diagnostic criteria for dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2624, "question": "Can apoptosis and mitosis be observed under high power magnification?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "report": "High power view shows apoptosis and mitosis, diagnostic criteria for dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2625, "question": "Is the diagnosis of dysplasia based solely on the presence of apoptosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_716d9277-9b40-4609-9393-0ad09ceba939.jpg", "report": "High power view shows apoptosis and mitosis, diagnostic criteria for dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2626, "question": "Does the patient have an infection caused by chlamydia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_aec6939d-1a5a-413f-9b4d-0748696ed537.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating a sexually transmitted infectious proctitis."} {"question_id": 2627, "question": "Is the infection identified in the patient's report bacterial in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_aec6939d-1a5a-413f-9b4d-0748696ed537.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating a sexually transmitted infectious proctitis."} {"question_id": 2628, "question": "Can nucleic acid amplification testing detect viral infections?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_aec6939d-1a5a-413f-9b4d-0748696ed537.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating a sexually transmitted infectious proctitis."} {"question_id": 2629, "question": "Is the patient's condition classified as sexually transmitted?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_aec6939d-1a5a-413f-9b4d-0748696ed537.jpg", "report": "The patient in the case had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating a sexually transmitted infectious proctitis."} {"question_id": 2630, "question": "Can collagen fibers be found in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_a63162a5-2a38-4225-964d-be807514f435.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2631, "question": "Are elastic fibers absent in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_a63162a5-2a38-4225-964d-be807514f435.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2632, "question": "Is the presence of reticular fibers common in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_a63162a5-2a38-4225-964d-be807514f435.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2633, "question": "Are muscle fibers considered a type of protein fiber in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_a63162a5-2a38-4225-964d-be807514f435.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2634, "question": "Does the loss of surface epithelial injury contribute to the appearance of the tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0ccbf22b-291f-4fef-bebf-ca52a3de83bf.jpg", "report": "Loss of surface epithelial injury and mucin, and expanded lamina propria can make tissue appear blue."} {"question_id": 2635, "question": "Is mucin presence associated with the blue appearance of the tissue in this scenario?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0ccbf22b-291f-4fef-bebf-ca52a3de83bf.jpg", "report": "Loss of surface epithelial injury and mucin, and expanded lamina propria can make tissue appear blue."} {"question_id": 2636, "question": "Can an expanded lamina propria cause the tissue to appear blue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0ccbf22b-291f-4fef-bebf-ca52a3de83bf.jpg", "report": "Loss of surface epithelial injury and mucin, and expanded lamina propria can make tissue appear blue."} {"question_id": 2637, "question": "Is the blue appearance of the tissue solely due to the loss of surface epithelial injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_0ccbf22b-291f-4fef-bebf-ca52a3de83bf.jpg", "report": "Loss of surface epithelial injury and mucin, and expanded lamina propria can make tissue appear blue."} {"question_id": 2638, "question": "Are the vessels in the central zone of the chest pathology image compressed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2639, "question": "Are the vessels beneath the central zone compressed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2640, "question": "Are the vessels in the peripheral zone compressed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2641, "question": "Is the compression of vessels limited to the peripheral zone only in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5e4d9616-68f1-4771-aa97-50575d8a7114.jpg", "report": "Vessels are compressed in peripheral and beneath the central zone."} {"question_id": 2642, "question": "Is a small, round, isolated intradermal nevus typically indicative of this type of cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_7087ff7c-e736-45d6-895a-e3ec54e79ddb.jpg", "report": "Small, round, isolated intradermal nevus is not typical of this type of cancer."} {"question_id": 2643, "question": "Can a small, round, isolated intradermal nevus be associated with benign skin conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_7087ff7c-e736-45d6-895a-e3ec54e79ddb.jpg", "report": "Small, round, isolated intradermal nevus is not typical of this type of cancer."} {"question_id": 2644, "question": "Is an intradermal nevus characterized by its location within the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_7087ff7c-e736-45d6-895a-e3ec54e79ddb.jpg", "report": "Small, round, isolated intradermal nevus is not typical of this type of cancer."} {"question_id": 2645, "question": "Are intradermal nevi typically malignant?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_7087ff7c-e736-45d6-895a-e3ec54e79ddb.jpg", "report": "Small, round, isolated intradermal nevus is not typical of this type of cancer."} {"question_id": 2646, "question": "Can the appearance of a lesion sometimes resemble benign keratosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ccdc6bc-4c59-4185-a322-d10deafd6901.jpg", "report": "The appearance of a lesion can be misleading and resemble a benign keratosis, but it is important to check for orderly maturation to rule out squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2647, "question": "Is orderly maturation an unimportant factor in ruling out squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ccdc6bc-4c59-4185-a322-d10deafd6901.jpg", "report": "The appearance of a lesion can be misleading and resemble a benign keratosis, but it is important to check for orderly maturation to rule out squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2648, "question": "Should squamous cell carcinoma be considered if there is disordered maturation in a lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ccdc6bc-4c59-4185-a322-d10deafd6901.jpg", "report": "The appearance of a lesion can be misleading and resemble a benign keratosis, but it is important to check for orderly maturation to rule out squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2649, "question": "Are lesions that resemble benign keratosis always benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7ccdc6bc-4c59-4185-a322-d10deafd6901.jpg", "report": "The appearance of a lesion can be misleading and resemble a benign keratosis, but it is important to check for orderly maturation to rule out squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2650, "question": "Are ganglion cells crucial for diagnosing congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7d63d98a-cafd-4ea1-982a-8df59db88ce8.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2651, "question": "Can the absence of ganglion cells indicate congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7d63d98a-cafd-4ea1-982a-8df59db88ce8.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2652, "question": "Is the presence of ganglion cells indicative of congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7d63d98a-cafd-4ea1-982a-8df59db88ce8.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2653, "question": "Are ganglion cells irrelevant in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7d63d98a-cafd-4ea1-982a-8df59db88ce8.jpg", "report": "Ganglion cells are also important in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon."} {"question_id": 2654, "question": "Are the glands seen in the image indicative of pyloric gland metaplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2655, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be observed in colitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2656, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia exclusively associated with mycophenolate-associated injury?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2657, "question": "Is pyloric gland metaplasia found in the lungs?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_fdc63c33-230e-490f-9844-45f92c696e15.jpg", "report": "The glands seen in the image are pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be seen in colitis, end-associated injury, and mycophenol-associated injury."} {"question_id": 2658, "question": "Is the presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate a distinguishing feature of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5750d535-b90e-4a34-bb16-2c47c6108757.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2659, "question": "Can the absence of plasma cells help differentiate targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma from Kaposi’s sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5750d535-b90e-4a34-bb16-2c47c6108757.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2660, "question": "Is a negative HHV8 stain indicative of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5750d535-b90e-4a34-bb16-2c47c6108757.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2661, "question": "Is targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma characterized by a positive HHV8 stain?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5750d535-b90e-4a34-bb16-2c47c6108757.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2662, "question": "Is the vascular neoplasm characterized by dilated endothelial line spaces?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 2663, "question": "Does the vascular neoplasm exhibit a triphasic pattern?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 2664, "question": "Are the endothelial line spaces in the neoplasm non-dilated?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 2665, "question": "Is the biphasic pattern a feature of the vascular neoplasm described?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_399c0607-b6b7-42ed-bfd8-639e0006c57b.jpg", "report": "Presence of a vascular neoplasm with dilated endothelial line spaces and a biphasic pattern."} {"question_id": 2666, "question": "Are eosinophils typically found in increased numbers in cases of parasitic infections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils in cytosis."} {"question_id": 2667, "question": "Can an increase in eosinophils indicate a bacterial infection in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils in cytosis."} {"question_id": 2668, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophils associated with allergic reactions in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils in cytosis."} {"question_id": 2669, "question": "Are eosinophils the most common type of white blood cell found in cytosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_e0850284-dc39-471f-9cff-c2943a16ca3f.jpg", "report": "Presence of eosinophils in cytosis."} {"question_id": 2670, "question": "Is Arabesque-type fibular material associated with the periphery of fat microcysts in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2671, "question": "Are fat microcysts typically found in the central region of the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2672, "question": "Does the presence of Arabesque-type fibular material indicate a specific type of pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2673, "question": "Are fat microcysts usually devoid of peripheral material in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_ae24eba8-c8b9-412b-9009-f7ba4d5b0c4a.jpg", "report": "Arabesque-type fibular material seen at the periphery of the fat microcysts."} {"question_id": 2674, "question": "Is there an increase in melanin pigment within the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 2675, "question": "Are dendritic melanocytes present within the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 2677, "question": "Are dendritic melanocytes found within the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_e5790862-3f0c-49bc-bd05-fc6c6a29c969.jpg", "report": "Increased melanin pigment and dendritic melanocytes within the epidermis."} {"question_id": 2678, "question": "Is sarcoidosis known to affect the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2679, "question": "Can sarcoidosis lead to bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy seen in chest imaging?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2680, "question": "Is uveitis a common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2681, "question": "Is sarcoidosis typically associated with the presence of granulomas in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_40f283f5-b3a7-423a-9bde-a1595d53e7ad.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features that were good for sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 2682, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cells indicative of low-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2683, "question": "Could poorly differentiated cells suggest a high grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2684, "question": "Does the presence of poorly differentiated cells rule out lymphoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2685, "question": "Are poorly differentiated cells typically associated with benign conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e6327955-a8bf-4ccc-b799-cbf285df55ce.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cells suggest high grade malignancy and possibly lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2686, "question": "Are collagen balls typically associated with fibrous tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc9707a0-14b9-4e6c-9d02-b18c978b5a35.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 2687, "question": "Are spindle-shaped cells indicative of an epithelial origin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc9707a0-14b9-4e6c-9d02-b18c978b5a35.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 2688, "question": "Can the presence of collagen balls be a sign of fibromatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc9707a0-14b9-4e6c-9d02-b18c978b5a35.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 2689, "question": "Are collagen balls and spindle-shaped cells commonly found in normal lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_dc9707a0-14b9-4e6c-9d02-b18c978b5a35.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 2690, "question": "Is high-grade dysplasia characterized by loss of cellular polarity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7fa7d364-aa53-4c5c-919d-1c9e084f241a.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2691, "question": "Does low-grade dysplasia exhibit cribriform and micropapillary patterns?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7fa7d364-aa53-4c5c-919d-1c9e084f241a.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2692, "question": "Are prominent nuclei an important criterion for diagnosing high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7fa7d364-aa53-4c5c-919d-1c9e084f241a.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2693, "question": "Is the intraluminal proliferation of epithelium relevant for low-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_7fa7d364-aa53-4c5c-919d-1c9e084f241a.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2694, "question": "Is the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer indicative of melanoma in situ?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2695, "question": "Are the melanocytes located in the dermal layer in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2696, "question": "Can the presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer be a sign of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2697, "question": "Is the diagnosis of melanoma in situ based on the observation of the melanocytes in the matrix layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d5b1b003-cbe4-408e-815b-f0a4aa81b2b9.jpg", "report": "The presence of numerous melanocytes in the matrix layer is highly suspicious for melanoma in situ."} {"question_id": 2698, "question": "Can muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa suggest chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2699, "question": "Is chemical gastritis caused exclusively by NSAID use?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2700, "question": "Can biliary reflux be a potential cause of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2701, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria typically seen in the gastric mucosa of healthy individuals?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_75b89890-3f6b-4df3-a664-1f7ee3c87a05.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2702, "question": "Is the infiltrate limited to the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 2703, "question": "Does the infiltrate extend into the subcutaneous tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 2704, "question": "Was a large punch biopsy used for this sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 2705, "question": "Is the infiltrate confined solely to the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_6d184866-3f35-4310-ae66-fee18077910a.jpg", "report": "Description of a large punch biopsy with an infiltrate filling the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue."} {"question_id": 2706, "question": "Can chemical gastritis be indicated by the muscularization of the lamina propria in the gastric mucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2707, "question": "Is the primary cause of chemical gastritis viral infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2708, "question": "Can biliary reflux lead to chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2709, "question": "Is the muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa typically associated with bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_f29d9f96-bd76-4216-bc52-b759ac8f6415.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 2710, "question": "Are fibrous crescents indicative of chronic glomerulonephritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_ce6107a2-3c60-4280-86b2-8f83f49d17fa.jpg", "report": "Pathologists must differentiate between fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents when analyzing crescents."} {"question_id": 2711, "question": "Do fibrous cellular crescents contain proliferating epithelial cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_ce6107a2-3c60-4280-86b2-8f83f49d17fa.jpg", "report": "Pathologists must differentiate between fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents when analyzing crescents."} {"question_id": 2712, "question": "Are fibrous cellular crescents typically associated with acute kidney injury?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_ce6107a2-3c60-4280-86b2-8f83f49d17fa.jpg", "report": "Pathologists must differentiate between fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents when analyzing crescents."} {"question_id": 2713, "question": "Are fibrous crescents composed primarily of inflammatory cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "WhnEXkBN4D8_image_ce6107a2-3c60-4280-86b2-8f83f49d17fa.jpg", "report": "Pathologists must differentiate between fibrous and fibrous cellular crescents when analyzing crescents."} {"question_id": 2714, "question": "Does the epithelial tumor exhibit interconnected cords and strands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 2715, "question": "Are the interconnected cords and strands typically found in a mesenchymal tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 2716, "question": "Is the tumor described as epithelial in nature?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 2717, "question": "Are the interconnected cords and strands characteristic of a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a0d9ca4b-d2c9-43b5-be52-eea868bbd3fd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of an epithelial tumor with interconnected cords and strands."} {"question_id": 2718, "question": "Are the cells around the edge of the rosettes more rounded and epithelioid in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_306335b2-2cec-4f66-9a1e-830694a796bb.jpg", "report": "The cells around the edge of the rosettes tend to get more round and almost epithelioid, forming a perivascular pseudorosette."} {"question_id": 2719, "question": "Do the perivascular pseudorosettes form due to cells becoming more spindle-shaped?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_306335b2-2cec-4f66-9a1e-830694a796bb.jpg", "report": "The cells around the edge of the rosettes tend to get more round and almost epithelioid, forming a perivascular pseudorosette."} {"question_id": 2720, "question": "Are the pseudorosettes observed in a perivascular pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_306335b2-2cec-4f66-9a1e-830694a796bb.jpg", "report": "The cells around the edge of the rosettes tend to get more round and almost epithelioid, forming a perivascular pseudorosette."} {"question_id": 2721, "question": "Do the cells forming pseudorosettes typically appear as squamous cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_306335b2-2cec-4f66-9a1e-830694a796bb.jpg", "report": "The cells around the edge of the rosettes tend to get more round and almost epithelioid, forming a perivascular pseudorosette."} {"question_id": 2722, "question": "Are coalescing masses of granulomas present in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_350e8de4-ae29-411b-a9ce-6c4697d869d1.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2723, "question": "Does the tissue sample show preserved architecture?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_350e8de4-ae29-411b-a9ce-6c4697d869d1.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2724, "question": "Is the tissue sample indicative of Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_350e8de4-ae29-411b-a9ce-6c4697d869d1.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2725, "question": "Are the granulomas in the tissue sample expanding the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_350e8de4-ae29-411b-a9ce-6c4697d869d1.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 2726, "question": "Are there lymphocytes present in the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2727, "question": "Is there evidence of duct formation within the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2728, "question": "Are neutrophils the predominant cell type in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2729, "question": "Can the presence of lymphocytes and duct formation suggest a benign process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_1e8d3c8f-6507-4fdb-b5cf-6edd5afdfe9f.jpg", "report": "Presence of lymphocytes and hints of duct formation within the tumor."} {"question_id": 2730, "question": "Are intrapithelial cells present in the syncytial-like surface epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_dbb55e5b-acbf-4660-9bc4-525721662a45.jpg", "report": "Syncytial-like surface epithelium with intrapithelial cells is present in another case."} {"question_id": 2731, "question": "Is the presence of syncytial-like surface epithelium typical for all chest pathologies?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_dbb55e5b-acbf-4660-9bc4-525721662a45.jpg", "report": "Syncytial-like surface epithelium with intrapithelial cells is present in another case."} {"question_id": 2732, "question": "Can intrapithelial cells be found in syncytial-like surface epithelium in certain cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_dbb55e5b-acbf-4660-9bc4-525721662a45.jpg", "report": "Syncytial-like surface epithelium with intrapithelial cells is present in another case."} {"question_id": 2733, "question": "Is it common to find syncytial-like surface epithelium in the alveolar spaces?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_dbb55e5b-acbf-4660-9bc4-525721662a45.jpg", "report": "Syncytial-like surface epithelium with intrapithelial cells is present in another case."} {"question_id": 2734, "question": "Is the patient being evaluated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_122f8ebc-3fcb-439a-b433-34aad5db121d.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 2735, "question": "Does the patient have a history of post-polio syndrome?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_122f8ebc-3fcb-439a-b433-34aad5db121d.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 2736, "question": "Is the patient HIV-negative?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_122f8ebc-3fcb-439a-b433-34aad5db121d.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 2737, "question": "Are the patient's symptoms unrelated to gastrointestinal issues?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_122f8ebc-3fcb-439a-b433-34aad5db121d.jpg", "report": "A 44-year-old HIV-positive male with a bloody bowel movement and post-polio syndrome is being evaluated for IBD."} {"question_id": 2738, "question": "Does the presence of enlarged nuclei suggest a potential malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 2740, "question": "Is the enlargement of nuclei in this report specific to prostate pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 2741, "question": "Can enlarged nuclei be a sign of cellular atypia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_06474144-5c48-46a7-8e65-c93b6249c886.jpg", "report": "Enlarged nuclei that are about six times the size of normal prostate nuclei."} {"question_id": 2742, "question": "Does the tissue exhibit myxoid features?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2743, "question": "Is the collagen present in the tissue described as coarse and thick?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2744, "question": "Are the collagen fibers in the tissue considered very fine and delicate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_559a6539-9ae0-45d0-8273-a583aa8f043a.jpg", "report": "The tissue has myxoid features with very fine delicate collagen."} {"question_id": 2746, "question": "Can the pattern of inflammation in chlamydia be identified in a chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Pattern of inflammation can be observed in patients with chlamydia."} {"question_id": 2747, "question": "Does chlamydia cause granulomatous inflammation in the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Pattern of inflammation can be observed in patients with chlamydia."} {"question_id": 2748, "question": "Is it possible to see lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs of a patient with chlamydia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Pattern of inflammation can be observed in patients with chlamydia."} {"question_id": 2749, "question": "Are eosinophils predominantly involved in the inflammation caused by chlamydia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_52a027e7-1248-49df-9d15-123a08cfbffe.jpg", "report": "Pattern of inflammation can be observed in patients with chlamydia."} {"question_id": 2750, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma also known as Evans tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2751, "question": "Does low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma typically exhibit pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2752, "question": "Is myxofibrosarcoma characterized by the absence of pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2753, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma be easily differentiated from myxofibrosarcoma based on the presence of pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_ca0e2f46-8d10-415b-995e-fc44a120a6b2.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2754, "question": "Are trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma considered distinct entities from fibrofolliculoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 2755, "question": "Is fibrofolliculoma typically a benign skin lesion?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 2756, "question": "Can trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma be considered synonymous with fibrofolliculoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 2757, "question": "Are trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma associated with malignant transformation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6b49a2eb-80ea-4e78-a018-03325c327ea5.jpg", "report": "Trichodiscoma and perifollicular fibroma are associated lesions that are likely the same as fibrofolliculoma."} {"question_id": 2758, "question": "Are the glands showing patchy positivity for basal cell markers in the examined area?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "The glands in the area being examined show patchy positivity for basal cell markers, but some are completely negative, causing concern for cancer. However, this is actually a benign process called partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 2759, "question": "Does the presence of partial atrophy indicate cancer in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "The glands in the area being examined show patchy positivity for basal cell markers, but some are completely negative, causing concern for cancer. However, this is actually a benign process called partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 2760, "question": "Is it concerning that some glands are completely negative for basal cell markers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "The glands in the area being examined show patchy positivity for basal cell markers, but some are completely negative, causing concern for cancer. However, this is actually a benign process called partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 2761, "question": "Is partial atrophy a benign process in the glands being examined?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_19dd8884-490b-48e9-b982-d85cdc717d79.jpg", "report": "The glands in the area being examined show patchy positivity for basal cell markers, but some are completely negative, causing concern for cancer. However, this is actually a benign process called partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 2762, "question": "Is panic cell metaplasia commonly observed in chronic inflammatory conditions of the chest?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_23797393-6952-4b1e-bd77-65cd0998fcbe.jpg", "report": "Discussion of panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia in the context of inflammatory processes."} {"question_id": 2763, "question": "Does pyloric gland metaplasia occur as a response to chronic inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_23797393-6952-4b1e-bd77-65cd0998fcbe.jpg", "report": "Discussion of panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia in the context of inflammatory processes."} {"question_id": 2764, "question": "Can pyloric gland metaplasia be a result of acute inflammatory processes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_23797393-6952-4b1e-bd77-65cd0998fcbe.jpg", "report": "Discussion of panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia in the context of inflammatory processes."} {"question_id": 2765, "question": "Are both panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia involved in the body's response to inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_23797393-6952-4b1e-bd77-65cd0998fcbe.jpg", "report": "Discussion of panic cell metaplasia and pyloric gland metaplasia in the context of inflammatory processes."} {"question_id": 2766, "question": "Is chronic radiation dermatitis associated with prolonged exposure to radiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation."} {"question_id": 2767, "question": "Can chronic radiation dermatitis be confused with acute radiation dermatitis due to similar symptoms?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation."} {"question_id": 2768, "question": "Is chronic radiation dermatitis typically caused by bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation."} {"question_id": 2769, "question": "Does chronic radiation dermatitis generally result in immediate skin reactions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation."} {"question_id": 2770, "question": "Is chronic radiation dermatitis a condition that can last for several months or years?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_1409c112-ae10-4526-82a6-7a5b2ea13a1a.jpg", "report": "The diagnosis is chronic radiation dermatitis, likely caused by radiation."} {"question_id": 2771, "question": "Are cribriform glands indicative of a glandular structure in the chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "report": "Presence of cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells."} {"question_id": 2772, "question": "Are cribriform glands typically surrounded by squamous cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "report": "Presence of cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells."} {"question_id": 2773, "question": "Can basal cells be found surrounding cribriform glands in certain chest pathologies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "report": "Presence of cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells."} {"question_id": 2774, "question": "Is the presence of cribriform glands exclusive to lung tissue in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_68139a77-461a-4fd8-9b28-921455cee06c.jpg", "report": "Presence of cribriform glands surrounded by basal cells."} {"question_id": 2775, "question": "Are collagen fibers a type of protein fiber found in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_09d9bb64-7a85-4ad4-8a54-9fd2c6bc4c7f.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2776, "question": "Are elastin fibers responsible for the tensile strength in connective tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_09d9bb64-7a85-4ad4-8a54-9fd2c6bc4c7f.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2777, "question": "Can reticular fibers be found in the connective tissue of the lymphoid organs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_09d9bb64-7a85-4ad4-8a54-9fd2c6bc4c7f.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2778, "question": "Do protein fibers in connective tissue include keratin fibers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "ib991vTA67A_image_09d9bb64-7a85-4ad4-8a54-9fd2c6bc4c7f.jpg", "report": "Identification of different types of protein fibers in connective tissue."} {"question_id": 2779, "question": "Are lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria indicative of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2780, "question": "Is the presence of lamina propria edema sufficient for diagnosing chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2781, "question": "Can chemical gastritis be identified without evaluating the muscularis mucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2782, "question": "Is lamina propria edema a common finding in chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c6eb73a1-9f9f-4e7a-911d-5342b8bef44b.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria edema and muscularis mucosa coming into the lamina propria are criteria for chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2783, "question": "Can poorly differentiated cancer cells be identified in the submucosa?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8e572332-7aec-4c08-9283-1f9ef1613002.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 2784, "question": "Are the poorly differentiated cancer cells restricted to the mucosal layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8e572332-7aec-4c08-9283-1f9ef1613002.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 2785, "question": "Is submucosal involvement indicative of advanced disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8e572332-7aec-4c08-9283-1f9ef1613002.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 2786, "question": "Do poorly differentiated cancer cells typically indicate a favorable prognosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8e572332-7aec-4c08-9283-1f9ef1613002.jpg", "report": "Poorly differentiated cancer cells are visible in the submucosa."} {"question_id": 2787, "question": "Is desmoplastic fibroblastoma characterized by a honeycomb morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ff2cc75-1270-40de-8821-f503b9118e5e.jpg", "report": "Description of a soft tissue neoplasm with diffuse involvement and a honeycomb morphology, characteristic of desmoplastic fibroblastoma."} {"question_id": 2788, "question": "Does desmoplastic fibroblastoma typically show diffuse involvement of the soft tissue?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ff2cc75-1270-40de-8821-f503b9118e5e.jpg", "report": "Description of a soft tissue neoplasm with diffuse involvement and a honeycomb morphology, characteristic of desmoplastic fibroblastoma."} {"question_id": 2789, "question": "Are the cells in desmoplastic fibroblastoma primarily lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ff2cc75-1270-40de-8821-f503b9118e5e.jpg", "report": "Description of a soft tissue neoplasm with diffuse involvement and a honeycomb morphology, characteristic of desmoplastic fibroblastoma."} {"question_id": 2790, "question": "Can desmoplastic fibroblastoma display a focal, rather than diffuse, pattern of involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0ff2cc75-1270-40de-8821-f503b9118e5e.jpg", "report": "Description of a soft tissue neoplasm with diffuse involvement and a honeycomb morphology, characteristic of desmoplastic fibroblastoma."} {"question_id": 2791, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen's disease characterized by abnormal maturation of cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5798b1fa-a61e-4f8b-a597-a29666a0e39f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with abnormal maturation and increased melanin pigment in the basal layer and epidermis."} {"question_id": 2792, "question": "Does pigmented squamous cell carcinoma exhibit increased melanin pigment in the basal layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5798b1fa-a61e-4f8b-a597-a29666a0e39f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with abnormal maturation and increased melanin pigment in the basal layer and epidermis."} {"question_id": 2793, "question": "Are the abnormal cells in pigmented Bowen's disease found only in the dermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5798b1fa-a61e-4f8b-a597-a29666a0e39f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with abnormal maturation and increased melanin pigment in the basal layer and epidermis."} {"question_id": 2794, "question": "Is increased melanin pigment a typical feature of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_5798b1fa-a61e-4f8b-a597-a29666a0e39f.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of pigmented Bowen’s disease or pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with abnormal maturation and increased melanin pigment in the basal layer and epidermis."} {"question_id": 2796, "question": "Does the tumor metastasize within the first year after diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_64ba65d7-1468-40c6-90e1-034c788b42fb.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2797, "question": "Is it possible for the tumor to metastasize up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_64ba65d7-1468-40c6-90e1-034c788b42fb.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2798, "question": "Should the tumor be classified as having the same behavior as other sarcomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_64ba65d7-1468-40c6-90e1-034c788b42fb.jpg", "report": "Discussion of the unusual behavior of a tumor that looks benign but has a different behavior than other sarcomas, with a median time to metastasis of 15 years and cases reported up to 30 or 40 years after the original diagnosis."} {"question_id": 2799, "question": "Is there a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Sclerotic stroma with a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2801, "question": "Is sclerotic stroma observed in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Sclerotic stroma with a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2802, "question": "Are the melanocytes characterized by a single morphologic population?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_2a656e84-f2e1-48c2-9cf0-1df8b85c49a1.jpg", "report": "Sclerotic stroma with a second distinct morphologic population of melanocytes."} {"question_id": 2803, "question": "Is intestinal metaplasia a transformation of the esophageal or gastric epithelium to an intestinal type?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 2804, "question": "Does the presence of intestinal metaplasia indicate a normal, healthy tissue condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 2805, "question": "Can intestinal metaplasia be a precursor to dysplasia or carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 2806, "question": "Is intestinal metaplasia typically found in the small intestine?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dea08b06-85dd-4419-b590-b677fadd042a.jpg", "report": "Intestinal metaplasia is present."} {"question_id": 2807, "question": "Did the teratoma component persist after therapy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7acbb91d-274f-4065-8993-6f88a1685816.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 2808, "question": "Was the extension of the teratoma component limited to the prostate only?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7acbb91d-274f-4065-8993-6f88a1685816.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 2809, "question": "Did the teratoma component extend to both the prostate and bladder?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7acbb91d-274f-4065-8993-6f88a1685816.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 2810, "question": "Was the teratoma component eliminated by therapy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_7acbb91d-274f-4065-8993-6f88a1685816.jpg", "report": "The patient had a teratoma component that was not eliminated by therapy, which extended to the prostate and bladder."} {"question_id": 2811, "question": "Is xanthoma commonly seen in young males? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Xanthoma is a condition commonly seen in young males with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 2812, "question": "Is xanthoma associated with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Xanthoma is a condition commonly seen in young males with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 2813, "question": "Are xanthomas typically seen in elderly females? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Xanthoma is a condition commonly seen in young males with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 2814, "question": "Can xanthoma occur without any underlying health conditions? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_8c27381b-ee6a-42e7-844a-c61938edde63.jpg", "report": "Xanthoma is a condition commonly seen in young males with signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease."} {"question_id": 2815, "question": "Are MART1 and HMB45 markers commonly found in pure desmoplastic melanomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "MART1 and HMB45 are usually not present in pure desmoplastic melanomas."} {"question_id": 2816, "question": "Is it typical for pure desmoplastic melanomas to lack MART1 and HMB45 expression?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "MART1 and HMB45 are usually not present in pure desmoplastic melanomas."} {"question_id": 2817, "question": "Should the absence of MART1 and HMB45 be expected when diagnosing pure desmoplastic melanomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "MART1 and HMB45 are usually not present in pure desmoplastic melanomas."} {"question_id": 2818, "question": "Are MART1 and HMB45 reliable markers for identifying pure desmoplastic melanomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "jCw_NtnS6XU_image_17f9e3d0-66e6-4107-9054-53b31d3f5587.jpg", "report": "MART1 and HMB45 are usually not present in pure desmoplastic melanomas."} {"question_id": 2819, "question": "Is the segment described as having a lamina propria?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 2820, "question": "Are there a significant number of inflammatory cells present in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 2821, "question": "Does the absence of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria suggest a normal or non-inflamed tissue segment?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 2822, "question": "Is the lamina propria described as being heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_87eda8ad-6e79-47c1-a274-11131c97a2ea.jpg", "report": "Description of a segment with a lamina propria that is pretty devoid of inflammatory cells."} {"question_id": 2823, "question": "Are inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_12f7026e-e42a-4d49-9ff3-0d7b7d1c886a.jpg", "report": "Inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts are characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis."} {"question_id": 2824, "question": "Is infantile digital myofibromatosis the same condition as infantile myofibromatosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_12f7026e-e42a-4d49-9ff3-0d7b7d1c886a.jpg", "report": "Inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts are characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis."} {"question_id": 2825, "question": "Can inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts be found in digital fibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_12f7026e-e42a-4d49-9ff3-0d7b7d1c886a.jpg", "report": "Inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts are characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis."} {"question_id": 2826, "question": "Are inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts exclusive to adult myofibromatosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_12f7026e-e42a-4d49-9ff3-0d7b7d1c886a.jpg", "report": "Inclusion bodies in myofibroblasts are characteristic of infantile myofibromatosis digital fibroma or infantile digital myofibromatosis."} {"question_id": 2827, "question": "Are deep shaves a common method for obtaining tissue samples for chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 2828, "question": "Is an incisional biopsy used to remove the entire lesion?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 2829, "question": "Can multiple deep shaves be used to diagnose different types of chest pathologies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 2830, "question": "Is excisional biopsy less invasive than incisional biopsy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3897d7c3-22c9-460e-a0dd-32bf7153b6af.jpg", "report": "Multiple deep shaves or excisional/incisional biopsy described."} {"question_id": 2831, "question": "Are there any lymphocytes present in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f2e3425b-1cb0-4c39-aafa-b9f580a4a0fa.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2832, "question": "Does the amount of lamina propria between the crypts remain consistent?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f2e3425b-1cb0-4c39-aafa-b9f580a4a0fa.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2833, "question": "Are plasma cells found in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f2e3425b-1cb0-4c39-aafa-b9f580a4a0fa.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2834, "question": "Is the description indicative of a pathological condition in the colonic glands and crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_f2e3425b-1cb0-4c39-aafa-b9f580a4a0fa.jpg", "report": "Description of normal colonic glands and crypts with no lymphocytes, plasma cells, or eosinophils. The amount of lamina propria in between the crypts is the same as you move from one crypt to another."} {"question_id": 2835, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells within the nerve fascicles positive for S100?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2836, "question": "Is the diagnosis of a rudimentary supernumerary digit confirmed by the presence of nerve fascicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2837, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells negative for SOX10?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2838, "question": "Is a rudimentary supernumerary digit typically associated with poorly defined nerve fascicles?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_89afc7b2-8d75-4b3c-9eff-ab85550d9c16.jpg", "report": "Well-defined nerve fascicles with spindle-shaped cells, which are positive with S100 and SOX10, defining the diagnosis of rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 2839, "question": "Can a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c7ac005f-eb5f-4749-92d4-23438c675a85.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2840, "question": "Is the presence of HHV8 stain positive in a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c7ac005f-eb5f-4749-92d4-23438c675a85.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2841, "question": "Could a negative HHV8 stain help differentiate a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma from Kaposi’s sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c7ac005f-eb5f-4749-92d4-23438c675a85.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2842, "question": "Are plasma cells typically present in the infiltrate of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c7ac005f-eb5f-4749-92d4-23438c675a85.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2843, "question": "Are neutrophils a common feature in acute inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ba9f5053-3223-4223-ac28-b10ba5f32bd8.jpg", "report": "Discussion of inflammatory disease patterns and the presence of neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2844, "question": "Do neutrophils play a significant role in chronic inflammatory diseases?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ba9f5053-3223-4223-ac28-b10ba5f32bd8.jpg", "report": "Discussion of inflammatory disease patterns and the presence of neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2845, "question": "Are neutrophils typically seen in bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ba9f5053-3223-4223-ac28-b10ba5f32bd8.jpg", "report": "Discussion of inflammatory disease patterns and the presence of neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2846, "question": "Is the presence of neutrophils indicative of a viral infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_ba9f5053-3223-4223-ac28-b10ba5f32bd8.jpg", "report": "Discussion of inflammatory disease patterns and the presence of neutrophils."} {"question_id": 2847, "question": "Is muscularization of the lamina propria a key indicator of mucosal prolapse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse."} {"question_id": 2848, "question": "Does muscularization of the lamina propria occur primarily in the submucosa?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse."} {"question_id": 2849, "question": "Can mucosal prolapse be identified without observing changes in the lamina propria?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse."} {"question_id": 2850, "question": "Is the lamina propria involved in mucosal prolapse?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e281e036-beef-4673-b94e-a2e73f4043c9.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria is a criterion for mucosal prolapse."} {"question_id": 2853, "question": "Is the overall lung tissue described as relatively normal?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "jF_pj4-tEC8_image_a8748cfc-eb79-497b-87a1-78f6ea5ac243.jpg", "report": "Relatively normal lung tissue with evidence of collapse in some areas."} {"question_id": 2855, "question": "Can neural hypertrophy be an indicator of Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Neural hypertrophy may indicate Crohn's disease."} {"question_id": 2856, "question": "Is neural hypertrophy a common finding in patients without any gastrointestinal conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Neural hypertrophy may indicate Crohn's disease."} {"question_id": 2857, "question": "Does neural hypertrophy exclusively indicate Crohn’s disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Neural hypertrophy may indicate Crohn's disease."} {"question_id": 2858, "question": "Can neural hypertrophy be observed in imaging studies of the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_391ca795-2aab-4b66-9f24-6486937d85d6.jpg", "report": "Neural hypertrophy may indicate Crohn's disease."} {"question_id": 2859, "question": "Can an increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium be a diagnostic feature of melanoma in situ in the nail unit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a554fb42-fe7d-476d-8134-63ca39eff646.jpg", "report": "Increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit."} {"question_id": 2860, "question": "Is the presence of an increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium indicative of benign nail conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a554fb42-fe7d-476d-8134-63ca39eff646.jpg", "report": "Increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit."} {"question_id": 2861, "question": "Does melanoma in situ involving the nail unit require an increased number of melanocytes for diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a554fb42-fe7d-476d-8134-63ca39eff646.jpg", "report": "Increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit."} {"question_id": 2862, "question": "Can melanoma in situ involving the nail unit be diagnosed without observing the melanocytes in the matrix epithelium?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_a554fb42-fe7d-476d-8134-63ca39eff646.jpg", "report": "Increased number of melanocytes within the matrix epithelium is diagnostic of melanoma in situ involving the nail unit."} {"question_id": 2863, "question": "Are large vascular channels in the chorion indicative of a vascular anomaly?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_04826078-6f5b-4030-b6cf-ae91c50d42bc.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 2864, "question": "Do large vascular channels in the chorion typically suggest the presence of inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_04826078-6f5b-4030-b6cf-ae91c50d42bc.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 2865, "question": "Can large vascular channels in the chorion be associated with increased blood flow?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_04826078-6f5b-4030-b6cf-ae91c50d42bc.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 2866, "question": "Are large vascular channels in the chorion commonly filled with lymphatic fluid?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_04826078-6f5b-4030-b6cf-ae91c50d42bc.jpg", "report": "Large vascular channels in the chorion filled with blood."} {"question_id": 2867, "question": "Are dyskeratotic cells present in the basal layer in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer."} {"question_id": 2868, "question": "Are dyskeratotic cells typically found in the dermal layer in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer."} {"question_id": 2869, "question": "Is the presence of scattered dyskeratotic cells a common finding in normal tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer."} {"question_id": 2870, "question": "Can dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer indicate an underlying pathological condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_24e7ef9f-fdec-4317-a973-ebbc11a14881.jpg", "report": "Scattered dyskeratotic cells within the basal layer."} {"question_id": 2871, "question": "Are Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies specific to endodermal sinus tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "The histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor shows Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies, which are specialized bodies that comprise a central capillary surrounded by tumor cells."} {"question_id": 2872, "question": "Do Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies contain a central capillary?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "The histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor shows Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies, which are specialized bodies that comprise a central capillary surrounded by tumor cells."} {"question_id": 2873, "question": "Are Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies surrounded by healthy cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "The histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor shows Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies, which are specialized bodies that comprise a central capillary surrounded by tumor cells."} {"question_id": 2874, "question": "Can Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies be observed in all types of tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "The histological picture of endodermal sinus tumor shows Schiller-Duval-Dewall bodies, which are specialized bodies that comprise a central capillary surrounded by tumor cells."} {"question_id": 2875, "question": "Is the staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain positive in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b8f5755-469f-46e1-8e9d-ec523e502284.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 2876, "question": "Is hemoglobin cytokeratin staining used in the examination of this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b8f5755-469f-46e1-8e9d-ec523e502284.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 2877, "question": "Is racemase predominantly positive in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b8f5755-469f-46e1-8e9d-ec523e502284.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 2878, "question": "Does the histopathological examination indicate the presence of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_5b8f5755-469f-46e1-8e9d-ec523e502284.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 2879, "question": "Is the cornified layer thickened in this case?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d97bcf0a-d765-4958-8e41-b1c9ecc2bb83.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 2880, "question": "Is the cornified layer thin in this case?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d97bcf0a-d765-4958-8e41-b1c9ecc2bb83.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 2882, "question": "Can thickening of the cornified layer be indicative of a hyperkeratotic condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_d97bcf0a-d765-4958-8e41-b1c9ecc2bb83.jpg", "report": "The cornified layer appears thickened in this case."} {"question_id": 2883, "question": "Are the glands in partial atrophy partially atrophic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d679d1b5-2f4a-40aa-9aa0-e29634b90e37.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2884, "question": "Do the glands in partial atrophy exhibit cystic dilation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d679d1b5-2f4a-40aa-9aa0-e29634b90e37.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2885, "question": "Is the cytoplasm in partially atrophic glands uniform in amount?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d679d1b5-2f4a-40aa-9aa0-e29634b90e37.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2886, "question": "Are the glands in partial atrophy completely absent of atrophy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d679d1b5-2f4a-40aa-9aa0-e29634b90e37.jpg", "report": "Partial atrophy is characterized by partially atrophic glands that may be cystically dilated and have varying amounts of cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2887, "question": "Is there extensive necrosis observed in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_69d04319-ecfd-4722-a1d4-852d5776ef51.jpg", "report": "The observed area shows extensive necrosis and bad-looking cells. There is a debate about the grading of the case, which is not a prostate primary. PSA stain shows positive results for benign glands, while GATA3 shows opposite expression with negative results for internal control glands."} {"question_id": 2888, "question": "Are the bad-looking cells indicative of a prostate primary tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_69d04319-ecfd-4722-a1d4-852d5776ef51.jpg", "report": "The observed area shows extensive necrosis and bad-looking cells. There is a debate about the grading of the case, which is not a prostate primary. PSA stain shows positive results for benign glands, while GATA3 shows opposite expression with negative results for internal control glands."} {"question_id": 2889, "question": "Does the PSA stain show positive results for benign glands in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_69d04319-ecfd-4722-a1d4-852d5776ef51.jpg", "report": "The observed area shows extensive necrosis and bad-looking cells. There is a debate about the grading of the case, which is not a prostate primary. PSA stain shows positive results for benign glands, while GATA3 shows opposite expression with negative results for internal control glands."} {"question_id": 2890, "question": "Are the internal control glands negative for GATA3 expression in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_69d04319-ecfd-4722-a1d4-852d5776ef51.jpg", "report": "The observed area shows extensive necrosis and bad-looking cells. There is a debate about the grading of the case, which is not a prostate primary. PSA stain shows positive results for benign glands, while GATA3 shows opposite expression with negative results for internal control glands."} {"question_id": 2891, "question": "Is amphiphilic cytoplasm indicative of a specific type of cell?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2892, "question": "Can amphiphilic cytoplasm suggest the presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties in the cell?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2893, "question": "Does the presence of amphiphilic cytoplasm alone confirm a diagnosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2894, "question": "Is the observation of amphiphilic cytoplasm relevant in assessing the functionality of the cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "j_rG5XPImFQ_image_6da69d48-a359-4580-bf7d-0ccdf5b83e5b.jpg", "report": "Moderate amount of amphiphilic cytoplasm."} {"question_id": 2895, "question": "Are prominent nucleoli observed in the cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 2896, "question": "Is the nucleus-to-cytoplasm (NC) ratio high in the cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 2897, "question": "Do the cells exhibit a low nucleus-to-cytoplasm (NC) ratio?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 2898, "question": "Are the nucleoli in the cells inconspicuous?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_9c82fad4-2cd4-46e7-ad2a-ea44f4a70f53.jpg", "report": "Prominent nucleoli are seen in the cells, but the NC ratio is overall low."} {"question_id": 2899, "question": "Does the presence of an internal elastic lamina indicate an artery?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_369996bb-284b-4e9e-bf1b-4a1517fa0710.jpg", "report": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein."} {"question_id": 2900, "question": "Is the absence of an internal elastic lamina indicative of an artery?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_369996bb-284b-4e9e-bf1b-4a1517fa0710.jpg", "report": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein."} {"question_id": 2901, "question": "Can the presence of an internal elastic lamina be used to differentiate between an artery and a vein?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_369996bb-284b-4e9e-bf1b-4a1517fa0710.jpg", "report": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein."} {"question_id": 2902, "question": "Is the internal elastic lamina absent in veins?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_369996bb-284b-4e9e-bf1b-4a1517fa0710.jpg", "report": "Presence of internal elastic lamina indicates artery, while its absence indicates vein."} {"question_id": 2903, "question": "Is spongiosis a feature seen in both pityriasis lichenoides and pleva?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The histology of pityriasis lichenoides and pleva is similar, with pleva showing more acute features such as spongiosis, ballooning, and necrosis."} {"question_id": 2904, "question": "Does pleva exhibit more chronic features compared to pityriasis lichenoides?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The histology of pityriasis lichenoides and pleva is similar, with pleva showing more acute features such as spongiosis, ballooning, and necrosis."} {"question_id": 2905, "question": "Is ballooning a characteristic feature of pleva?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The histology of pityriasis lichenoides and pleva is similar, with pleva showing more acute features such as spongiosis, ballooning, and necrosis."} {"question_id": 2906, "question": "Are necrosis and spongiosis features commonly associated with pityriasis lichenoides alone?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8babc89a-e6f4-49c9-a23a-79c16fb030c5.jpg", "report": "The histology of pityriasis lichenoides and pleva is similar, with pleva showing more acute features such as spongiosis, ballooning, and necrosis."} {"question_id": 2907, "question": "Is massive exfoliative dermatitis characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30e6f4ea-91ea-4de7-b623-197288c784a5.jpg", "report": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin."} {"question_id": 2908, "question": "Can massive exfoliative dermatitis lead to localized skin lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30e6f4ea-91ea-4de7-b623-197288c784a5.jpg", "report": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin."} {"question_id": 2909, "question": "Is massive exfoliative dermatitis considered a severe skin condition?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30e6f4ea-91ea-4de7-b623-197288c784a5.jpg", "report": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin."} {"question_id": 2910, "question": "Does massive exfoliative dermatitis typically resolve without medical intervention?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_30e6f4ea-91ea-4de7-b623-197288c784a5.jpg", "report": "The patient has massive exfoliative dermatitis, which is a condition characterized by widespread scaling and flaking of the skin."} {"question_id": 2911, "question": "Is hyalinized lamina propria indicative of prolonged ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Hyalinized lamina propria may be present in cases of long-standing ischemia."} {"question_id": 2912, "question": "Can hyalinized lamina propria be observed in acute ischemic events?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Hyalinized lamina propria may be present in cases of long-standing ischemia."} {"question_id": 2913, "question": "Does the presence of hyalinized lamina propria aid in diagnosing chronic ischemic conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Hyalinized lamina propria may be present in cases of long-standing ischemia."} {"question_id": 2914, "question": "Is the lamina propria typically hyalinized in all cases of ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_6186fdd9-5438-4a29-9e87-049df53ff824.jpg", "report": "Hyalinized lamina propria may be present in cases of long-standing ischemia."} {"question_id": 2915, "question": "Is Cytokeratin positive in signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_61216ada-4856-4a84-bf6e-c6b8466d2f1f.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2916, "question": "Can Cytokeratin positivity be used to differentiate signet cell carcinoma from other types of carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_61216ada-4856-4a84-bf6e-c6b8466d2f1f.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2917, "question": "Are signet ring cells typically negative for Cytokeratin staining?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_61216ada-4856-4a84-bf6e-c6b8466d2f1f.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2918, "question": "Is Cytokeratin staining irrelevant for diagnosing signet cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_61216ada-4856-4a84-bf6e-c6b8466d2f1f.jpg", "report": "Cytokeratin will be positive in signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 2919, "question": "Are eosinophils present within the blister cavity in bullous pemphigoid?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_428b00c9-8608-424c-9471-7df53eac4049.jpg", "report": "Fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity, with lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, thickening or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. These findings are consistent with bullous pemphigoid (BP), which was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence showing a linear IgG."} {"question_id": 2920, "question": "Is the direct immunofluorescence test negative for IgG in bullous pemphigoid?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_428b00c9-8608-424c-9471-7df53eac4049.jpg", "report": "Fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity, with lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, thickening or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. These findings are consistent with bullous pemphigoid (BP), which was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence showing a linear IgG."} {"question_id": 2921, "question": "Does bullous pemphigoid exhibit thickening or retention of the dermal papillae?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_428b00c9-8608-424c-9471-7df53eac4049.jpg", "report": "Fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity, with lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, thickening or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. These findings are consistent with bullous pemphigoid (BP), which was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence showing a linear IgG."} {"question_id": 2922, "question": "Are neutrophils the predominant inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis in bullous pemphigoid?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "hoV-JkD6Wb0_image_428b00c9-8608-424c-9471-7df53eac4049.jpg", "report": "Fibrin and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis and blister cavity, with lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils present within the dermis, thickening or retention of the dermal papillae, and lots of eosinophils, extravasated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and a few neutrophils in the blister cavity. These findings are consistent with bullous pemphigoid (BP), which was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence showing a linear IgG."} {"question_id": 2923, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma characterized by the translocation between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3173ce40-b11f-40b2-bf84-fa1803725c7e.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2924, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma occur without any genetic translocation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3173ce40-b11f-40b2-bf84-fa1803725c7e.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2925, "question": "Is the translocation 716 the most common translocation in low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3173ce40-b11f-40b2-bf84-fa1803725c7e.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2926, "question": "Are FUS and CREB3L2 genes involved in the translocation associated with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3173ce40-b11f-40b2-bf84-fa1803725c7e.jpg", "report": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is defined by a translocation, with the most common being the translocation 716 between the FUS and CREB3L2 genes."} {"question_id": 2927, "question": "Is Clodin-1 often expressed in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_655025bf-2bc2-4844-94e1-186bac092b47.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2928, "question": "Is Glut-1 usually positive in perineuriomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_655025bf-2bc2-4844-94e1-186bac092b47.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2929, "question": "Can MUC4 be used as a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_655025bf-2bc2-4844-94e1-186bac092b47.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2930, "question": "Is MUC4 typically positive in perineuriomas and DFSP?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_655025bf-2bc2-4844-94e1-186bac092b47.jpg", "report": "Clodin-1 is often expressed in perineuriomas, which can be a pitfall in diagnosis as it may resemble low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Glut-1 is usually negative in perineuriomas but may be positive in rare cases of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. MUC4 is a sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and should be negative in perineuriomas and DFSP."} {"question_id": 2931, "question": "Is pyloric metaplasia associated with autoimmune gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Pyloric metaplasia is important in autoimmune gastritis."} {"question_id": 2932, "question": "Does pyloric metaplasia typically occur in the esophagus? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Pyloric metaplasia is important in autoimmune gastritis."} {"question_id": 2933, "question": "Is pyloric metaplasia considered a significant finding in diagnosing autoimmune gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Pyloric metaplasia is important in autoimmune gastritis."} {"question_id": 2934, "question": "Can pyloric metaplasia be found in conditions other than autoimmune gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_dcd6971f-f861-486d-b872-e949ad5938df.jpg", "report": "Pyloric metaplasia is important in autoimmune gastritis."} {"question_id": 2935, "question": "Are the cells in gastric xanthoma characterized by a distinct cell border?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2936, "question": "Do the cells in gastric xanthoma have abundant foamy cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2937, "question": "Is the nucleus of the cells in gastric xanthoma eccentrically placed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2938, "question": "Are the cells found in the lamina propria of gastric xanthoma typically lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_c7ed1339-6895-420a-bdd8-11bd0d9bacdb.jpg", "report": "Lamina propria is full of cells with a distinct cell border, abundant foamy cytoplasm, and centrally placed nucleus in gastric xanthoma."} {"question_id": 2939, "question": "Is muscularization in the lamina propria a specific finding for chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2940, "question": "Can muscularization in the lamina propria be present in conditions other than chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2941, "question": "Is the presence of muscularization in the lamina propria sufficient to diagnose chemical gastritis on its own?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2942, "question": "Does the presence of muscularization in the lamina propria suggest a possible diagnosis of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_0da56fc2-ec65-47cc-a3e5-b5888921f80d.jpg", "report": "Muscularization in the lamina propria is a nonspecific finding, but may indicate chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 2943, "question": "Is intraluminal proliferation of epithelium an important criterion for high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2944, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia show a loss of cellular polarity?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2945, "question": "Are prominent nuclei absent in high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2946, "question": "Does high-grade dysplasia include cribriform and micropapillary patterns?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2947, "question": "Is the concept of dysplasia limited to only high-grade dysplasia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_2ce326b1-f0b1-4bfc-82aa-4443f4bd44cf.jpg", "report": "Intraluminal proliferation of epithelium is an important criteria for high-grade dysplasia, which is characterized by loss of cellular polarity, nuclei reaching the surface, prominent nuclei, and cribriform and micropapillary patterns. The concept of dysplasia includes low-grade dysplasia."} {"question_id": 2948, "question": "Is there a focal area of calcification present in the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 2950, "question": "Is the calcification within the tumor a common finding in malignancies?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 2951, "question": "Is the calcification described as diffuse throughout the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "PJX3uZ7fRn4_image_6e06942c-9cdd-4403-a87b-fb8b5258284b.jpg", "report": "Focal area of calcification can be seen in the tumor."} {"question_id": 2952, "question": "Can one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case definitively diagnose high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_de2ff8a9-2c40-4501-afd1-3d30010ed83f.jpg", "report": "The presence of one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case is not enough to diagnose high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 2953, "question": "Is the presence of multiple concerning glands necessary to consider a diagnosis of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_de2ff8a9-2c40-4501-afd1-3d30010ed83f.jpg", "report": "The presence of one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case is not enough to diagnose high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 2954, "question": "Are one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case insufficient for a diagnosis of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_de2ff8a9-2c40-4501-afd1-3d30010ed83f.jpg", "report": "The presence of one or two concerning glands at the edge of a case is not enough to diagnose high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or prostate cancer."} {"question_id": 2955, "question": "Are there melanocytes forming nests in the basal layer of the matrix?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 2956, "question": "Do the melanocytes extend into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 2957, "question": "Are the melanocytes restricted only to the basal layer of the matrix?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 2958, "question": "Is the presence of melanocytes in a pagetoid pattern unusual for this type of pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_59b75d51-8011-42e1-9838-b22e2144b31f.jpg", "report": "Presence of several melanocytes, some forming nests, some as confluence solitary units, along the base of the matrix epithelium in the matrix layer, in the basal layer of the matrix rather, but also extending into the upper portions of the matrix in a pagetoid pattern."} {"question_id": 2959, "question": "Does the presence of deep nodular aggregates of blue cells suggest a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3e779bfb-2d52-42f2-b30c-dd40ea7f16c3.jpg", "report": "Presence of a deep nodular aggregate of blue cells, which may indicate lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2960, "question": "Could the deep nodular aggregates of blue cells be indicative of lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3e779bfb-2d52-42f2-b30c-dd40ea7f16c3.jpg", "report": "Presence of a deep nodular aggregate of blue cells, which may indicate lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2961, "question": "Are the blue cells in the nodular aggregate primarily associated with an infectious process?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3e779bfb-2d52-42f2-b30c-dd40ea7f16c3.jpg", "report": "Presence of a deep nodular aggregate of blue cells, which may indicate lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2962, "question": "Might the deep nodular aggregate of blue cells require further immunohistochemical studies for a definitive diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_3e779bfb-2d52-42f2-b30c-dd40ea7f16c3.jpg", "report": "Presence of a deep nodular aggregate of blue cells, which may indicate lymphoma."} {"question_id": 2963, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma also known as Evans tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2964, "question": "Does low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma usually exhibit pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2965, "question": "Is low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma in terms of pleomorphism?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2966, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma be easily mistaken for myxofibrosarcoma due to similar cellular characteristics?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_2a177f89-5009-48b9-8374-922dce4c7ba5.jpg", "report": "The low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or Evans tumor usually does not have pleomorphism, which is distinctly different from myxofibrosarcoma."} {"question_id": 2967, "question": "Does the tumor have an epithelial component?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The tumor has both an epithelial and spindle cell component, with concerning features in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2968, "question": "Is the spindle cell component absent in the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The tumor has both an epithelial and spindle cell component, with concerning features in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2969, "question": "Are there concerning features in the epithelial component of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The tumor has both an epithelial and spindle cell component, with concerning features in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2970, "question": "Is the spindle cell component free of concerning features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_c49b67e3-332c-4010-98ee-fa3925d7a0cc.jpg", "report": "The tumor has both an epithelial and spindle cell component, with concerning features in the epithelial component."} {"question_id": 2971, "question": "Can myxoid liposarcoma metastasize to the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Myxoid liposarcoma can metastasize to the lungs."} {"question_id": 2972, "question": "Is myxoid liposarcoma limited to the soft tissues without any potential for lung involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Myxoid liposarcoma can metastasize to the lungs."} {"question_id": 2973, "question": "Are lung metastases a possible complication of myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Myxoid liposarcoma can metastasize to the lungs."} {"question_id": 2974, "question": "Is it rare for myxoid liposarcoma to spread beyond its primary site?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_decfa00c-795e-44d0-9da3-0464679a982a.jpg", "report": "Myxoid liposarcoma can metastasize to the lungs."} {"question_id": 2975, "question": "Does the pathology report indicate chronic inflammation in the colonic glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_ca673012-5fb7-4473-b88a-43e4407f4f1c.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 2976, "question": "Are there specific features identified in the chronic inflammatory colonic pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_ca673012-5fb7-4473-b88a-43e4407f4f1c.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 2977, "question": "Is the architecture of the glands normal and undisturbed?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_ca673012-5fb7-4473-b88a-43e4407f4f1c.jpg", "report": "The architecture of the glands is distorted and abnormal, indicating chronicity. No specific features are present in chronic inflammatory colonic pathology."} {"question_id": 2979, "question": "Is pityriasis lichenoides chronica characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 2980, "question": "Does pityriasis lichenoides chronica typically show the presence of neutrophils in the epidermis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 2981, "question": "Can pityriasis lichenoides chronica present with scaling and crusting on the skin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 2982, "question": "Is the presence of large, multinucleated giant cells a common finding in pityriasis lichenoides chronica?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_c658e2d5-2f96-4420-8deb-ba2464e369ea.jpg", "report": "This was an example of a biopsy from a patient with clinically documented pityriasis lichenoides chronica."} {"question_id": 2983, "question": "Are the cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma uniform in appearance?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fa35112f-0444-4765-b252-414100c399df.jpg", "report": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2984, "question": "Do the cells form structures known as rosettes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fa35112f-0444-4765-b252-414100c399df.jpg", "report": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2985, "question": "Is the presence of rosettes indicative of a high-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fa35112f-0444-4765-b252-414100c399df.jpg", "report": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2986, "question": "Can the pathology indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_fa35112f-0444-4765-b252-414100c399df.jpg", "report": "Uniform cells surrounding the edge of the neurofibroma with rosettes, which may indicate a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 2987, "question": "Can targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_75f8f0dd-6414-408d-ac76-5b6f39d49caf.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2988, "question": "Is the presence of plasma cells within the infiltrate a characteristic feature of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_75f8f0dd-6414-408d-ac76-5b6f39d49caf.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2989, "question": "Does a negative HHV8 stain help differentiate targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma from Kaposi’s sarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_75f8f0dd-6414-408d-ac76-5b6f39d49caf.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2990, "question": "Are plasma cells commonly found in targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_75f8f0dd-6414-408d-ac76-5b6f39d49caf.jpg", "report": "Histopathological description of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which can be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma by the absence of plasma cells within the infiltrate and negative HHV8 stain."} {"question_id": 2991, "question": "Is there a superficial perivascular infiltrate present in the chest pathology image? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration."} {"question_id": 2992, "question": "Does the infiltrate exhibit a wedge-shaped configuration?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration."} {"question_id": 2993, "question": "Is the perivascular infiltrate limited to only the superficial layers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration."} {"question_id": 2994, "question": "Is there an absence of deep perivascular infiltrate in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate present in sections as a vague wedge-shaped configuration."} {"question_id": 2995, "question": "Is there evidence of active inflammation in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of active inflammation."} {"question_id": 2997, "question": "Can the presence of active inflammation suggest an infectious process in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_1084161e-7caa-402a-825a-a07d77549d1b.jpg", "report": "Presence of active inflammation."} {"question_id": 2999, "question": "Does the presence of spongiosis indicate intercellular edema within the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces and mounds of parakeratosis are also present."} {"question_id": 3000, "question": "Are widened intracellular spaces typically associated with the presence of neutrophils?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces and mounds of parakeratosis are also present."} {"question_id": 3001, "question": "Is parakeratosis characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces and mounds of parakeratosis are also present."} {"question_id": 3002, "question": "Does exocytosis refer to the movement of lymphocytes from the dermis into the epidermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes into widened intracellular spaces and mounds of parakeratosis are also present."} {"question_id": 3003, "question": "Is the atypia observed in this case indicative of a stromal tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The atypia seen in this case is consistent with STOMP, stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential."} {"question_id": 3004, "question": "Does STOMP stand for stromal tumor of certain malignant potential?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The atypia seen in this case is consistent with STOMP, stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential."} {"question_id": 3005, "question": "Can STOMP be classified as a stromal tumor with an uncertain potential for malignancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The atypia seen in this case is consistent with STOMP, stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential."} {"question_id": 3006, "question": "Is STOMP a type of epithelial tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_25025022-8442-4585-8463-496487442b19.jpg", "report": "The atypia seen in this case is consistent with STOMP, stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential."} {"question_id": 3007, "question": "Is urethritis cystica et glandularis characterized by the presence of mucin pools?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ea3ae54e-461c-4f5c-baf6-17d730741228.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3008, "question": "Are goblet cells commonly found in urethritis cystica et glandularis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ea3ae54e-461c-4f5c-baf6-17d730741228.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3009, "question": "Does the presence of dissecting pools of mucin necessarily indicate malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ea3ae54e-461c-4f5c-baf6-17d730741228.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3010, "question": "Is mucinous adenocarcinoma in its initial stages indicated by goblet cell formation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_ea3ae54e-461c-4f5c-baf6-17d730741228.jpg", "report": "The biopsy from the urethra shows urethritis cystica et glandularis, with dissecting pools of mucin that do not necessarily indicate malignancy. Goblet cell formation is visible, indicating the initial stages of mucinous adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3011, "question": "Are neutrophils present in the epithelium of the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 3012, "question": "Is there active inflammation indicated in the stomach?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 3013, "question": "Are lymphocytes the primary cells observed in this stomach inflammation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 3014, "question": "Is the inflammation in the stomach described as inactive?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_543a0feb-40d4-4b35-a6e4-da5a8bdec291.jpg", "report": "Active inflammation in the stomach, with neutrophils present on the epithelium."} {"question_id": 3015, "question": "Is salt and pepper chromatin indicative of a neuroendocrine tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Salt and pepper chromatin is a defining feature of a neuroendocrine tumor."} {"question_id": 3016, "question": "Are neuroendocrine tumors typically characterized by uniform chromatin?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Salt and pepper chromatin is a defining feature of a neuroendocrine tumor."} {"question_id": 3017, "question": "Can salt and pepper chromatin be seen in non-neuroendocrine tumors?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Salt and pepper chromatin is a defining feature of a neuroendocrine tumor."} {"question_id": 3018, "question": "Is the presence of salt and pepper chromatin useful in diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "Wiyo6taYRF4_image_f2fd3cc2-b10f-44d2-aa3a-167b1cde6571.jpg", "report": "Salt and pepper chromatin is a defining feature of a neuroendocrine tumor."} {"question_id": 3019, "question": "Does rosacea present exclusively with papulopustular histologic reaction patterns?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Rosacea can present with multiple different histologic reaction patterns including papulopustular rosacea and telangiectatic type of rosacea."} {"question_id": 3020, "question": "Can telangiectatic type of rosacea be identified through histologic examination?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Rosacea can present with multiple different histologic reaction patterns including papulopustular rosacea and telangiectatic type of rosacea."} {"question_id": 3021, "question": "Are multiple histologic reaction patterns possible in rosacea?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Rosacea can present with multiple different histologic reaction patterns including papulopustular rosacea and telangiectatic type of rosacea."} {"question_id": 3022, "question": "Is telangiectatic rosacea characterized by the formation of pustules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_4619fb4f-a724-4098-99be-ac57f694e50b.jpg", "report": "Rosacea can present with multiple different histologic reaction patterns including papulopustular rosacea and telangiectatic type of rosacea."} {"question_id": 3023, "question": "Are neutrophils present in this chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The absence of neutrophils and foam cells distinguishes this from a verruciform xanthoma."} {"question_id": 3024, "question": "Can the absence of foam cells help in distinguishing this condition from a verruciform xanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The absence of neutrophils and foam cells distinguishes this from a verruciform xanthoma."} {"question_id": 3025, "question": "Is the presence of neutrophils a characteristic feature of verruciform xanthoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The absence of neutrophils and foam cells distinguishes this from a verruciform xanthoma."} {"question_id": 3026, "question": "Are foam cells typically absent in verruciform xanthoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_525c93d7-23ef-4276-b0ce-6a5662640cb6.jpg", "report": "The absence of neutrophils and foam cells distinguishes this from a verruciform xanthoma."} {"question_id": 3027, "question": "Is the presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate indicative of a hemosiderotic dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7e3835f4-1d1b-47bf-8ec0-cc8848e903a0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 3028, "question": "Are ring siderophages found in conditions unrelated to dermatofibromas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7e3835f4-1d1b-47bf-8ec0-cc8848e903a0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 3029, "question": "Does a sclerosing hemangioma variant of dermatofibroma have a tendency to recur if incompletely excised?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7e3835f4-1d1b-47bf-8ec0-cc8848e903a0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 3030, "question": "Is collagen trapping a feature of non-fibrohistiocytic infiltrates?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7e3835f4-1d1b-47bf-8ec0-cc8848e903a0.jpg", "report": "The presence of a large cellular fibrohistiocytic infiltrate with collagen trapping and ring siderophages is indicative of a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma. These lesions have a tendency to persist or recur if incompletely excised."} {"question_id": 3031, "question": "Are lipophagic cells characterized by the presence of lipid vacuoles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Lipophagic cells with lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin, including ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 3032, "question": "Do hemocyanin-filled cells typically indicate the presence of lipophagic activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Lipophagic cells with lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin, including ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 3033, "question": "Can ringed siderophages be found in the same sample as lipophagic cells?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Lipophagic cells with lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin, including ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 3034, "question": "Are lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin the only indicators of lipophagic cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Lipophagic cells with lipid vacuoles and hemocyanin, including ringed siderophages."} {"question_id": 3035, "question": "Is Dysgerminoma a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "Dysgerminoma is a highly malignant tumor that commonly spreads by lymphatics."} {"question_id": 3036, "question": "Does Dysgerminoma commonly spread through the lymphatic system?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "Dysgerminoma is a highly malignant tumor that commonly spreads by lymphatics."} {"question_id": 3037, "question": "Is Dysgerminoma considered a highly malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "Dysgerminoma is a highly malignant tumor that commonly spreads by lymphatics."} {"question_id": 3038, "question": "Can Dysgerminoma spread via the bloodstream?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_93b859d1-6fae-4171-93a6-905bac877aae.jpg", "report": "Dysgerminoma is a highly malignant tumor that commonly spreads by lymphatics."} {"question_id": 3039, "question": "Is the lesion described as neoplastic?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc92051f-2349-4017-bf3d-e70cda207b5a.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 3041, "question": "Is the lesion classified as epithelial in origin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_cc92051f-2349-4017-bf3d-e70cda207b5a.jpg", "report": "The lesion appears neoplastic and epithelial in nature"} {"question_id": 3043, "question": "Are clefts between the epithelium and stroma a characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6ba963b0-96f9-4e11-99d7-c8d4db19a672.jpg", "report": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3044, "question": "Is clefting between the epithelium and stroma observed in the presented lesions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6ba963b0-96f9-4e11-99d7-c8d4db19a672.jpg", "report": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3045, "question": "Can the absence of clefting between epithelium and stroma help differentiate these lesions from basal cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_6ba963b0-96f9-4e11-99d7-c8d4db19a672.jpg", "report": "Clefting between epithelium and stroma is not seen in these lesions, unlike basal cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3047, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen's disease a form of squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_836ea94b-1bc5-4588-b069-005e968b8c4b.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3048, "question": "Can pigmented Bowen's disease resemble other benign skin conditions?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_836ea94b-1bc5-4588-b069-005e968b8c4b.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3049, "question": "Should pigmented Bowen's disease be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_836ea94b-1bc5-4588-b069-005e968b8c4b.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3050, "question": "Is pigmented Bowen's disease typically diagnosed without the need for further differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_836ea94b-1bc5-4588-b069-005e968b8c4b.jpg", "report": "The narrator is discussing pigmented Bowen’s disease, which can resemble other benign skin conditions but must be checked for orderly maturation to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3051, "question": "Can the presence of eosinophils indicate mycophenol in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_84730f38-cd87-4e07-a673-99516f299c59.jpg", "report": "The presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils can indicate mycophenol. Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not present in mycophenol."} {"question_id": 3052, "question": "Are neuroendocrine cell aggregates found in mycophenol?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_84730f38-cd87-4e07-a673-99516f299c59.jpg", "report": "The presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils can indicate mycophenol. Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not present in mycophenol."} {"question_id": 3053, "question": "Are apoptotic bodies present in mycophenol?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_84730f38-cd87-4e07-a673-99516f299c59.jpg", "report": "The presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils can indicate mycophenol. Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not present in mycophenol."} {"question_id": 3054, "question": "Do prominent eosinophils suggest mycophenol in the patient's chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_84730f38-cd87-4e07-a673-99516f299c59.jpg", "report": "The presence of eosinophils or prominent eosinophils can indicate mycophenol. Neuroendocrine cell aggregates and apoptotic bodies are not present in mycophenol."} {"question_id": 3055, "question": "Is it difficult to differentiate between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma on needle biopsy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Differentiating between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma can be challenging on needle biopsy."} {"question_id": 3056, "question": "Can a needle biopsy alone always conclusively diagnose myxoma versus cellular intramuscular myxoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Differentiating between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma can be challenging on needle biopsy."} {"question_id": 3057, "question": "Are myxomas typically benign tumors?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Differentiating between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma can be challenging on needle biopsy."} {"question_id": 3058, "question": "Do cellular intramuscular myxomas commonly present with high mitotic activity?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_3fd48468-516d-41b7-b65c-1e2b8862f938.jpg", "report": "Differentiating between myxoma and cellular intramuscular myxoma can be challenging on needle biopsy."} {"question_id": 3059, "question": "Is the hamartoma affecting both the epithelial component and the fibrous sheath around the hair follicle? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 3060, "question": "Does the hamartoma only involve the epithelial component? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 3061, "question": "Is the fibrous sheath around the hair follicle involved in the hamartoma? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 3062, "question": "Is the hamartoma limited to the epithelial component without affecting the surrounding structures? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_a9bad7d7-e820-43ea-879e-fb44eed5e7d3.jpg", "report": "The hamartoma involves both the epithelial component and a fibrous sheath around the hair follicle."} {"question_id": 3063, "question": "Is the bullous lesion observed in the subepidermal layer?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman."} {"question_id": 3064, "question": "Can the lesion be definitively diagnosed as pemphigoid gestationis based solely on the microscopic appearance?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman."} {"question_id": 3065, "question": "Is the lesion likely related to the patient's pregnancy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman."} {"question_id": 3066, "question": "Is the observed lesion characteristic of intraepidermal blistering conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_6f8b09d3-0b63-4ad7-b0a9-acf69e1eb6f5.jpg", "report": "Subepidermal bullous lesion resembling bullous pemphigoid under the microscope, likely pemphigoid gestation in a pregnant woman."} {"question_id": 3067, "question": "Are there compressed vascular channels at the periphery of the tumor?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Compressed vascular channels are present at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 3068, "question": "Is the tumor primarily composed of lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Compressed vascular channels are present at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 3069, "question": "Can the presence of compressed vascular channels suggest the tumor is benign?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Compressed vascular channels are present at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 3070, "question": "Are the compressed vascular channels found centrally within the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_aa903496-ae7f-4150-9b54-0225f8d20fbe.jpg", "report": "Compressed vascular channels are present at the periphery of the tumor."} {"question_id": 3071, "question": "Are atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels indicative of inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5b1ef3bd-4451-46c6-bba5-df94b4856a3c.jpg", "report": "Presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels, possibly indicating inflammation secondary to a tumor or lymphoma."} {"question_id": 3072, "question": "Can the presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels suggest a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5b1ef3bd-4451-46c6-bba5-df94b4856a3c.jpg", "report": "Presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels, possibly indicating inflammation secondary to a tumor or lymphoma."} {"question_id": 3073, "question": "Is the presence of these atypical cells potentially indicative of a lymphoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5b1ef3bd-4451-46c6-bba5-df94b4856a3c.jpg", "report": "Presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels, possibly indicating inflammation secondary to a tumor or lymphoma."} {"question_id": 3074, "question": "Are hyperchromatic nuclei typically associated with non-malignant conditions?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_5b1ef3bd-4451-46c6-bba5-df94b4856a3c.jpg", "report": "Presence of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei inside blood vessels, possibly indicating inflammation secondary to a tumor or lymphoma."} {"question_id": 3075, "question": "Are xanthoma cells characterized by lipid-filled macrophages?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a32621aa-8935-441d-a1ac-e48a230d2a50.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3076, "question": "Is the presence of signet ring cells indicative of a benign condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a32621aa-8935-441d-a1ac-e48a230d2a50.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3077, "question": "Can poorly differentiated signet ring cell carcinoma be associated with a poor prognosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a32621aa-8935-441d-a1ac-e48a230d2a50.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3078, "question": "Are xanthomas typically associated with gastric carcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_a32621aa-8935-441d-a1ac-e48a230d2a50.jpg", "report": "Description of nuclear placement in xanthoma and signet ring cells. Diagnosis of gastric xanthoma and poorly differentiated signet cell carcinoma."} {"question_id": 3079, "question": "Is invasive urethral carcinoma typically associated with involvement of the prostate?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate with colonization."} {"question_id": 3080, "question": "Can invasive urethral carcinoma colonize other surrounding tissues?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate with colonization."} {"question_id": 3081, "question": "Is invasive urethral carcinoma limited to the urethra alone without involving the prostate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate with colonization."} {"question_id": 3082, "question": "Does invasive urethral carcinoma commonly originate from the prostate?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_d8f95d8f-96e0-4889-9a62-34c9265898a1.jpg", "report": "Invasive urethral carcinoma involving the prostate with colonization."} {"question_id": 3083, "question": "Are some glands negative for basal cell markers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_694f7b6d-9bbc-4534-8a4a-7484cd76c906.jpg", "report": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 3084, "question": "Do all glands show different cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_694f7b6d-9bbc-4534-8a4a-7484cd76c906.jpg", "report": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 3085, "question": "Is there evidence of partial atrophy in the glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_694f7b6d-9bbc-4534-8a4a-7484cd76c906.jpg", "report": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 3086, "question": "Are all glands uniformly positive for basal cell markers?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_694f7b6d-9bbc-4534-8a4a-7484cd76c906.jpg", "report": "Some glands are negative for basal cell markers while others are patchy positive, but all glands have similar cytologic features in the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating partial atrophy."} {"question_id": 3087, "question": "Can inclusion body fibromatosis be deforming if present in large numbers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8e12c438-65b7-4f22-b03f-1a98c212c8f2.jpg", "report": "Inclusion body fibromatosis can be deforming if present in large numbers."} {"question_id": 3088, "question": "Is inclusion body fibromatosis typically associated with malignant transformation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8e12c438-65b7-4f22-b03f-1a98c212c8f2.jpg", "report": "Inclusion body fibromatosis can be deforming if present in large numbers."} {"question_id": 3089, "question": "Are inclusion bodies a characteristic feature of inclusion body fibromatosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8e12c438-65b7-4f22-b03f-1a98c212c8f2.jpg", "report": "Inclusion body fibromatosis can be deforming if present in large numbers."} {"question_id": 3090, "question": "Is inclusion body fibromatosis a condition that affects only adults?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_8e12c438-65b7-4f22-b03f-1a98c212c8f2.jpg", "report": "Inclusion body fibromatosis can be deforming if present in large numbers."} {"question_id": 3091, "question": "Are zones of pleomorphism present in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells in some areas."} {"question_id": 3092, "question": "Do the images show a predominance of round cells rather than spindle cells?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells in some areas."} {"question_id": 3093, "question": "Is the presence of spindle cells a characteristic feature in this chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells in some areas."} {"question_id": 3094, "question": "Can zones of pleomorphism indicate a uniform cell population?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_0827e0c8-1f0d-4227-b777-830b8dac8a2d.jpg", "report": "There are zones of pleomorphism and spindle cells in some areas."} {"question_id": 3095, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells indicative of a sarcomatous process in the chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 3096, "question": "Are collagen balls typically found in normal lung tissue?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 3097, "question": "Could the presence of collagen balls and spindle-shaped cells suggest a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 3098, "question": "Are the spindle-shaped cells likely to be lymphocytes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_da91943b-95f1-427f-85ac-c15b9d31eae8.jpg", "report": "Presence of collagen balls surrounded by spindle-shaped cells."} {"question_id": 3099, "question": "Is the suspected intravascular neoplasm possibly metastatic? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_7b28124b-26e5-41df-a292-b4158529706a.jpg", "report": "Intravascular neoplasm is suspected, possibly a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that is epithelial in nature."} {"question_id": 3100, "question": "Is the suspected neoplasm likely to be of mesenchymal origin? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_7b28124b-26e5-41df-a292-b4158529706a.jpg", "report": "Intravascular neoplasm is suspected, possibly a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that is epithelial in nature."} {"question_id": 3101, "question": "Can the suspected intravascular neoplasm be epithelial in nature? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_7b28124b-26e5-41df-a292-b4158529706a.jpg", "report": "Intravascular neoplasm is suspected, possibly a metastatic neoplasm to the skin that is epithelial in nature."} {"question_id": 3102, "question": "Is the tumor described characterized by a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, but the diagnosis is still low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 3103, "question": "Is the diagnosis of the tumor high-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, but the diagnosis is still low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 3104, "question": "Can low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma exhibit giant rosettes?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, but the diagnosis is still low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 3105, "question": "Is the tumor identified as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma primarily a high-grade malignancy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_c225f0f2-ac45-4685-aa17-97910ae9fdc4.jpg", "report": "The tumor has a unique pattern of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes, but the diagnosis is still low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma."} {"question_id": 3106, "question": "Is the tumor affecting previously benign glands?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "A tumor is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands, likely arising from the prostatic urethra."} {"question_id": 3107, "question": "Does the tumor appear to originate from the pulmonary system?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "A tumor is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands, likely arising from the prostatic urethra."} {"question_id": 3108, "question": "Is the tumor likely originating from the prostatic urethra?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "A tumor is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands, likely arising from the prostatic urethra."} {"question_id": 3109, "question": "Are the benign glands unaffected by the tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_04cd57c4-7aac-4e75-8e6f-28cd9419e459.jpg", "report": "A tumor is colonizing and destroying previously benign glands, likely arising from the prostatic urethra."} {"question_id": 3110, "question": "Is a superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts indicative of ischemia?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_58a2cf0e-9b77-4366-a034-6aa08c3f4e31.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 3111, "question": "Does the presence of superficial injury alone rule out other potential diagnoses besides ischemia?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_58a2cf0e-9b77-4366-a034-6aa08c3f4e31.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 3112, "question": "Are relatively preserved bottom crypts a common feature in ischemic injury?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_58a2cf0e-9b77-4366-a034-6aa08c3f4e31.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 3113, "question": "Can ischemia be diagnosed without considering the condition of the bottom crypts?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_58a2cf0e-9b77-4366-a034-6aa08c3f4e31.jpg", "report": "Superficial injury with relatively preserved bottom crypts is indicative of ischemia."} {"question_id": 3114, "question": "Are the collagen fibers in the pathology image wavy?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_456bb1de-691c-4dfb-a9c1-ac6fbf8892e0.jpg", "report": "The collagen fibers are wavy, indicating a fibroblastic proliferation rather than a neural proliferation."} {"question_id": 3115, "question": "Does the presence of wavy collagen fibers indicate a neural proliferation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_456bb1de-691c-4dfb-a9c1-ac6fbf8892e0.jpg", "report": "The collagen fibers are wavy, indicating a fibroblastic proliferation rather than a neural proliferation."} {"question_id": 3116, "question": "Is fibroblastic proliferation suggested by the wavy appearance of collagen fibers?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_456bb1de-691c-4dfb-a9c1-ac6fbf8892e0.jpg", "report": "The collagen fibers are wavy, indicating a fibroblastic proliferation rather than a neural proliferation."} {"question_id": 3117, "question": "Are the collagen fibers in the image straight, suggesting a different pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_456bb1de-691c-4dfb-a9c1-ac6fbf8892e0.jpg", "report": "The collagen fibers are wavy, indicating a fibroblastic proliferation rather than a neural proliferation."} {"question_id": 3118, "question": "Can tuberculoid leprosy cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation in the chest?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 3119, "question": "Is sarcoid granulomatous inflammation exclusive to sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 3120, "question": "Are lymphocytes typically absent in tuberculoid leprosy?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 3121, "question": "Can tuberculoid leprosy be mistaken for sarcoidosis due to similar granulomatous inflammation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_f8689d95-7530-4b83-898a-d4cd00fc356d.jpg", "report": "Tuberculoid form of leprosy can cause sarcoid granulomatous inflammation."} {"question_id": 3122, "question": "Is the presence of muscularization in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa an indicator of chemical gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 3123, "question": "Can chemical gastritis be caused by bacterial infection? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 3124, "question": "Is biliary reflux a potential cause of chemical gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 3125, "question": "Does NSAID use contribute to the development of chemical gastritis? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_ddce5612-5ad7-4516-a2fe-15aa78808396.jpg", "report": "Muscularization of the lamina propria in gastric mucosa may indicate chemical gastritis, which can be caused by biliary reflux or NSAID use."} {"question_id": 3126, "question": "Does DFSP typically involve a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 3127, "question": "Is the presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor unique to DFSP?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 3128, "question": "Are ring chromosomes and translocations involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor commonly found in lung adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 3129, "question": "Can DFSP be diagnosed without the presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_76a5b714-55f4-4548-a00f-fcd28a02bf2a.jpg", "report": "The presence of a ring chromosome and translocation involving collagen A and platelet-derived growth factor is classic for DFSP."} {"question_id": 3130, "question": "Is the punch biopsy indicative of an interface dermatitis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy showing an interface dermatitis on the trunk."} {"question_id": 3131, "question": "Is the interface dermatitis localized on the patient's extremities?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy showing an interface dermatitis on the trunk."} {"question_id": 3132, "question": "Does interface dermatitis typically involve the dermoepidermal junction?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy showing an interface dermatitis on the trunk."} {"question_id": 3133, "question": "Is interface dermatitis a condition that exclusively affects the scalp?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ce3c52a-4c31-4758-b5c6-6541c12d3d6e.jpg", "report": "Punch biopsy showing an interface dermatitis on the trunk."} {"question_id": 3134, "question": "Is this variant of porokeratosis known for producing papules?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "report": "This constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large."} {"question_id": 3135, "question": "Are the lesions associated with this variant of porokeratosis typically small?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "report": "This constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large."} {"question_id": 3136, "question": "Can this variant of porokeratosis sometimes result in very large papules?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "report": "This constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large."} {"question_id": 3137, "question": "Is it uncommon for this variant of porokeratosis to present with papules?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_9ceb5416-9bcf-4224-85d1-aca7eb1a5922.jpg", "report": "This constellation of features is very characteristic of a variant of porokeratosis that tends to produce papules and at times very large."} {"question_id": 3138, "question": "Is the lesion a type of dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bb553ad9-91c5-4867-9261-6ce8b5efcff2.jpg", "report": "The lesion in question is a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 3139, "question": "Is the lesion identified as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bb553ad9-91c5-4867-9261-6ce8b5efcff2.jpg", "report": "The lesion in question is a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 3140, "question": "Is the lesion classified as a malignant tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bb553ad9-91c5-4867-9261-6ce8b5efcff2.jpg", "report": "The lesion in question is a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 3141, "question": "Does the lesion belong to the hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_bb553ad9-91c5-4867-9261-6ce8b5efcff2.jpg", "report": "The lesion in question is a hemosiderotic or aneurysmal type of dermatofibroma, also known as a sclerosing hemangioma variant of a dermatofibroma."} {"question_id": 3142, "question": "Is sarcoidosis associated with granuloma formation in the lungs?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 3143, "question": "Can sarcoidosis lead to interstitial lung disease in patients?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 3144, "question": "Is uveitis a common extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 3145, "question": "Does sarcoidosis typically present with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_bd78a499-7df9-4eaa-9442-5bfa70ba065e.jpg", "report": "The patient had a history of uveitis with characteristic features of sarcoidosis."} {"question_id": 3146, "question": "Is the deeper nodular form a clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including the deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type."} {"question_id": 3147, "question": "Does sarcoidosis only affect the surface skin layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including the deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type."} {"question_id": 3148, "question": "Can sarcoidosis present with the Dariae ruse type?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including the deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type."} {"question_id": 3149, "question": "Are all forms of sarcoidosis superficial without deeper involvement?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_21d07b99-d98c-471e-abc9-857c7318fe6e.jpg", "report": "Sarcoidosis can have various clinical manifestations, including the deeper nodular form, the Dariae ruse type."} {"question_id": 3150, "question": "Are the vessels in myxoid liposarcoma characterized by delicate structures?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_9b09f62b-7b59-430c-9ce5-0d70de861ae3.jpg", "report": "Description of the vessel pattern seen in myxoid liposarcoma, which includes delicate vessels with single file endothelial cells and no muscle layer or pericytes."} {"question_id": 3151, "question": "Do the vessels in myxoid liposarcoma have a well-defined muscle layer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_9b09f62b-7b59-430c-9ce5-0d70de861ae3.jpg", "report": "Description of the vessel pattern seen in myxoid liposarcoma, which includes delicate vessels with single file endothelial cells and no muscle layer or pericytes."} {"question_id": 3152, "question": "Are single file endothelial cells a feature of the vessel pattern in myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_9b09f62b-7b59-430c-9ce5-0d70de861ae3.jpg", "report": "Description of the vessel pattern seen in myxoid liposarcoma, which includes delicate vessels with single file endothelial cells and no muscle layer or pericytes."} {"question_id": 3153, "question": "Is the presence of pericytes typical in the vessel pattern of myxoid liposarcoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "pBR26SS0FX8_image_9b09f62b-7b59-430c-9ce5-0d70de861ae3.jpg", "report": "Description of the vessel pattern seen in myxoid liposarcoma, which includes delicate vessels with single file endothelial cells and no muscle layer or pericytes."} {"question_id": 3154, "question": "Can Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) exhibit areas that resemble vesicles?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "DFSPs can have vesicular and herringbone areas as they transform into a higher grade form."} {"question_id": 3155, "question": "Are herringbone patterns a feature of DFSP's transformation to a higher grade form?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "DFSPs can have vesicular and herringbone areas as they transform into a higher grade form."} {"question_id": 3156, "question": "Is the presence of vesicular areas in DFSP indicative of a lower grade tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "DFSPs can have vesicular and herringbone areas as they transform into a higher grade form."} {"question_id": 3157, "question": "Does DFSP typically transform into a higher grade form without showing any morphological changes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_7603fd9a-353a-483f-8a51-e8ef46508e9a.jpg", "report": "DFSPs can have vesicular and herringbone areas as they transform into a higher grade form."} {"question_id": 3158, "question": "Are coalescing masses of granulomas present in the tissue sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4c518c51-7ba0-469b-bf27-ada67608e34f.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 3159, "question": "Does the tissue sample show preserved architecture?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4c518c51-7ba0-469b-bf27-ada67608e34f.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 3160, "question": "Is the tissue sample indicative of Crohn's disease?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4c518c51-7ba0-469b-bf27-ada67608e34f.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 3161, "question": "Are the granulomas expanding the lamina propria in this tissue sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_4c518c51-7ba0-469b-bf27-ada67608e34f.jpg", "report": "The tissue sample is not indicative of Crohn's disease due to preserved architecture and coalescing masses of granulomas that are expanding the lamina propria."} {"question_id": 3162, "question": "Is chlamydia proctitis diagnosed through nucleic acid amplification testing?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "report": "Patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating chlamydia proctitis."} {"question_id": 3163, "question": "Can chlamydia proctitis be associated with respiratory symptoms?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "report": "Patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating chlamydia proctitis."} {"question_id": 3164, "question": "Is nucleic acid amplification testing a method used to identify bacterial infections?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "report": "Patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating chlamydia proctitis."} {"question_id": 3165, "question": "Does chlamydia proctitis primarily affect the chest area?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "sDFjOtMAYrk_image_757283d5-c995-4a15-9f3b-7b4fcc051194.jpg", "report": "Patient had positive nucleic acid amplification testing for chlamydia, indicating chlamydia proctitis."} {"question_id": 3166, "question": "Does the histopathological examination of prostate cancer show a positive staining for hemoglobin cytokeratin?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_34412311-c4b7-43e7-a39e-2295e0cd94dd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 3167, "question": "Is the racemase staining predominantly positive in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_34412311-c4b7-43e7-a39e-2295e0cd94dd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 3168, "question": "Are the nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stains observed in this prostate cancer sample?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_34412311-c4b7-43e7-a39e-2295e0cd94dd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 3169, "question": "Is the presence of racemase a significant indicator in this histopathological examination of prostate cancer?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_34412311-c4b7-43e7-a39e-2295e0cd94dd.jpg", "report": "Histopathological examination of prostate cancer with staining for nuclear and membranous wispy cytoplasmic stain, hemoglobin cytokeratin, and predominantly negative racemase."} {"question_id": 3170, "question": "Are dilated vascular channels indicative of increased blood flow in the affected area? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Dilated vascular channels are present."} {"question_id": 3171, "question": "Do dilated vascular channels always indicate malignancy? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Dilated vascular channels are present."} {"question_id": 3172, "question": "Can dilated vascular channels be observed in benign conditions such as hemangiomas? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Dilated vascular channels are present."} {"question_id": 3173, "question": "Are dilated vascular channels typically found in the lymphatic system? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_7a1fbb54-1a16-4c4d-ba48-7199d6c67247.jpg", "report": "Dilated vascular channels are present."} {"question_id": 3174, "question": "Is the papillary configuration the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Papillary configuration is the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3175, "question": "Are glandular configurations more common than papillary configurations in serous cyst adenocarcinoma?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Papillary configuration is the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3176, "question": "Can serous cyst adenocarcinoma also present with solid tumor masses?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Papillary configuration is the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3177, "question": "Is serous cyst adenocarcinoma typically characterized by a mucinous configuration?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_a564e201-b229-4bf5-9c1f-ede3903c371b.jpg", "report": "Papillary configuration is the most common presentation of serous cyst adenocarcinoma."} {"question_id": 3178, "question": "Are germ cell tumors commonly found in the chest region?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of germ cell tumors, including malignant or immature teratoma."} {"question_id": 3179, "question": "Can malignant teratomas include various types of tissue such as hair, muscle, or bone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of germ cell tumors, including malignant or immature teratoma."} {"question_id": 3180, "question": "Is an immature teratoma considered a benign tumor?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of germ cell tumors, including malignant or immature teratoma."} {"question_id": 3181, "question": "Do germ cell tumors often require imaging for proper diagnosis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "3mRB9j0eyVM_image_492b9987-d0e2-4954-aca0-c9489cd97900.jpg", "report": "Possible presence of germ cell tumors, including malignant or immature teratoma."} {"question_id": 3182, "question": "Is MAC (Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma) characterized by squamous morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_784fb44f-bfa3-44d3-811f-518068d88be6.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 3183, "question": "Can desmoplastic tricholemmoma exhibit squamous morphology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_784fb44f-bfa3-44d3-811f-518068d88be6.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 3184, "question": "Are syringomas typically associated with squamous morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_784fb44f-bfa3-44d3-811f-518068d88be6.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 3185, "question": "Is it common to confuse MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma based on squamous morphology alone?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_784fb44f-bfa3-44d3-811f-518068d88be6.jpg", "report": "Comparison of squamous morphology of MAC with desmoplastic tricholemmoma or syringoma."} {"question_id": 3186, "question": "Does basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation exhibit clefting?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 3187, "question": "Is palisading absent in basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 3188, "question": "Are sebaceous differentiations obvious in basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 3189, "question": "Can basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation occur without any sebaceous differentiation?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_4483f4d9-3fdd-47b6-b585-c7025cc11c86.jpg", "report": "Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation should have clefting and palisading with obvious sebaceous differentiation."} {"question_id": 3190, "question": "Is perineurioma characterized by spindle cell proliferation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 3191, "question": "Does perineurioma typically show high-grade histological features?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 3192, "question": "Can perineurioma be mistaken for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma based on histological features?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 3193, "question": "Are perineuriomas usually positive for EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen) on immunohistochemistry?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_8772a4d0-5e6a-4322-9ff2-d521cda51a2d.jpg", "report": "Perineurioma can be difficult to diagnose because it overlaps with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma histologically and on immunohistochemistry."} {"question_id": 3194, "question": "Are hemosiderin-laden cells present in the cellular dermatofibroma with lipid accumulation?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "udoW6VSqsm4_image_2a63f541-31ba-4776-91c6-846c7a4b6c86.jpg", "report": "Presence of hemosiderin and lipid-laden cells in a cellular dermatofibroma with lipid accumulation."} {"question_id": 3198, "question": "Can prior radiation therapy alter the glandular appearance in chest pathology images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_283e3876-761a-4b0a-aff5-50ea1dcea3b9.jpg", "report": "Prior therapy, such as radiation or androgen deprivation therapy, can affect the appearance of the glands."} {"question_id": 3199, "question": "Is androgen deprivation therapy known to have no impact on gland morphology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_283e3876-761a-4b0a-aff5-50ea1dcea3b9.jpg", "report": "Prior therapy, such as radiation or androgen deprivation therapy, can affect the appearance of the glands."} {"question_id": 3200, "question": "Should the effects of prior therapy be considered when interpreting chest pathology images?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_283e3876-761a-4b0a-aff5-50ea1dcea3b9.jpg", "report": "Prior therapy, such as radiation or androgen deprivation therapy, can affect the appearance of the glands."} {"question_id": 3201, "question": "Does prior therapy always result in glandular changes in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "iklRyY1nBIE_image_283e3876-761a-4b0a-aff5-50ea1dcea3b9.jpg", "report": "Prior therapy, such as radiation or androgen deprivation therapy, can affect the appearance of the glands."} {"question_id": 3202, "question": "Is inflammation a typical result of chemical gastritis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 3203, "question": "Does inflammation in chemical gastritis typically involve the submucosal layer of the stomach?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 3204, "question": "Can chemical gastritis lead to chronic inflammation if left untreated?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 3205, "question": "Is the inflammation in chemical gastritis usually caused by bacterial infection?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_e4ca3b4b-74d6-408a-8711-0e8944691e10.jpg", "report": "Inflammation is a common result of chemical gastritis."} {"question_id": 3206, "question": "Are the eosinophilic ball cells present in the dermis indicative of a neoplastic process?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bf63745-dc8d-43a8-87e1-603213f9e035.jpg", "report": "Likely neoplastic process with eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis."} {"question_id": 3207, "question": "Is the presence of eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis typically a sign of an inflammatory condition?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bf63745-dc8d-43a8-87e1-603213f9e035.jpg", "report": "Likely neoplastic process with eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis."} {"question_id": 3208, "question": "Can a neoplastic process be identified by the presence of eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bf63745-dc8d-43a8-87e1-603213f9e035.jpg", "report": "Likely neoplastic process with eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis."} {"question_id": 3209, "question": "Are eosinophilic ball cells usually found in the epidermis in cases of neoplastic processes?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "LlPaENuqzVQ_image_3bf63745-dc8d-43a8-87e1-603213f9e035.jpg", "report": "Likely neoplastic process with eosinophilic ball cells in the dermis."} {"question_id": 3210, "question": "Could the lesion described be an angiofibroma involving distal extremities?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_185dfddb-aa46-4460-b27f-05e4a2580681.jpg", "report": "The lesion described could be a fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Acquired digital fibromas are angiofibromas involving distal extremities. Diagnosis in this case is rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 3211, "question": "Is the lesion described a congenital abnormality?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_185dfddb-aa46-4460-b27f-05e4a2580681.jpg", "report": "The lesion described could be a fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Acquired digital fibromas are angiofibromas involving distal extremities. Diagnosis in this case is rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 3212, "question": "Can the lesion be identified as a rudimentary supernumerary digit?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_185dfddb-aa46-4460-b27f-05e4a2580681.jpg", "report": "The lesion described could be a fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Acquired digital fibromas are angiofibromas involving distal extremities. Diagnosis in this case is rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 3213, "question": "Is the lesion described unrelated to fibromas or fibrokeratomas?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "8S4LeiO6Bbk_image_185dfddb-aa46-4460-b27f-05e4a2580681.jpg", "report": "The lesion described could be a fibroma or an acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Acquired digital fibromas are angiofibromas involving distal extremities. Diagnosis in this case is rudimentary supernumerary digit."} {"question_id": 3214, "question": "Are high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearances common in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_28c0e68e-a4f7-48da-9edb-09482f347963.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 3215, "question": "Have there been reports of osteosarcomatous areas in chest pathology cases?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_28c0e68e-a4f7-48da-9edb-09482f347963.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 3216, "question": "Is it typical to see low-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_28c0e68e-a4f7-48da-9edb-09482f347963.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 3217, "question": "Can high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearances be found in chest pathology?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "QDb68_G1HR4_image_28c0e68e-a4f7-48da-9edb-09482f347963.jpg", "report": "Rare reports of cases with a full-blown high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma-like appearance or osteosarcomatous areas have been described."} {"question_id": 3218, "question": "Is the epithelium in the colonic biopsy described as normal? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d83c895f-5036-45e0-aeac-e8e88adc4f94.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 3219, "question": "Are multiple layers of cells observed in the colonic epithelium? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d83c895f-5036-45e0-aeac-e8e88adc4f94.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 3220, "question": "Is mucin present in the colonic biopsy? \n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d83c895f-5036-45e0-aeac-e8e88adc4f94.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 3221, "question": "Does the colonic biopsy show evidence of epithelial dysplasia? \n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_d83c895f-5036-45e0-aeac-e8e88adc4f94.jpg", "report": "Colonic biopsy showing normal epithelium with a single layer of cells and mucin present."} {"question_id": 3222, "question": "Can low-grade dysplasia be identified in a chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fac10052-2d43-4ed1-83bb-3a07863f42c4.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 3223, "question": "Is high-grade dysplasia absent in the provided chest pathology image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fac10052-2d43-4ed1-83bb-3a07863f42c4.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 3224, "question": "Does the chest pathology image include areas of normal epithelium?\n", "answer": "Yes", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fac10052-2d43-4ed1-83bb-3a07863f42c4.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} {"question_id": 3225, "question": "Are high-grade dysplasia and low-grade dysplasia indistinguishable in the image?\n", "answer": "No", "image": "r7OA0Trj5hQ_image_fac10052-2d43-4ed1-83bb-3a07863f42c4.jpg", "report": "Normal epithelium, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia can be seen in one picture."} ================================================ FILE: data/training/alignment/ophthalmology/harvard_report.json ================================================ [{"id": "data_07655", "image": "slo_fundus_07655.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with eye cupping and nuclear sclerosis observed. HVF and OCT tests were normal. No diabetic retinopathy. Dry eyes and refractive error noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. The reference report suggests that the patient likely has thyroid eye disease and is using prism for improvement. However, there is no explicit mention of glaucoma in the reference report. The ophthalmologist is advised to maintain the current prism prescription for 6 months."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07131", "image": "slo_fundus_07131.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe chronic angle closure glaucoma OD, and is a primary angle closure suspect. Mother had glaucoma. Moderate IOP spike noted. Also has cortical cataracts. Undergoing treatment, monitoring necessary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve head, which are important structures in the eye. The image is stained with a specific dye to highlight certain features. The report should provide a detailed analysis of the structures visible in the image, as well as any abnormalities or changes that may be present. It is important to remember that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07025", "image": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has pseudophakia and takes prednisone after a heart transplant. Vision, cornea, and retina are normal, with an intraocular lens implant. There are nasal defects but stable. Glasses prescribed for refractive error. Dry eyes are treated as needed. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a worsening macular edema in the left eye (OS). This finding is consistent with the information provided in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07772", "image": "slo_fundus_07772.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note mentions artificial tears, cornea care, refractive care, and general eye care. A follow-up appointment is discussed. No direct mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve head of the patient's eyes. The image is stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and has a magnification of 10x. The report is based on the image and any relevant findings."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07291", "image": "slo_fundus_07291.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has myopia in both eyes, astigmatism in left eye, and dry eye syndrome in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned. Intraocular pressure goals set for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic disc and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07257", "image": "slo_fundus_07257.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. No mention of glaucoma is indicated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) with no signs of glaucoma. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve connects to the back of the eye. A normal ONH appearance suggests that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07238", "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has early normal tension glaucoma. Pressures are above target, with minor inferior loss od but normal os. Corneas are thin with some superior thinning od. Latanoprost, alphagan and timolol are prescribed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The cup/disc ratio appears to be within normal limits."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07159", "image": "slo_fundus_07159.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has bilateral optic disc edema, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, headache and renal stones due to diamox use. She's experiencing good vision and symptom improvement with diamox. Lifestyle changes for weight loss are recommended. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports should not be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. Instead, the image should be used in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests to make an accurate diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07765", "image": "slo_fundus_07765.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Microhyphema and high intraocular pressure (IOP), treated with predforte, combigan, lumigan, and dorzolamide. IOP reached up to 40 but is now controlled. There's no evidence of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Clinical note indicates ophthalmic solution prescription, likely for a vision issue. Visual field test and optic disc photos carried out for both eyes. No explicit mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Microhyphema and high intraocular pressure (IOP), treated with predforte, combigan, lumigan, and dorzolamide. IOP reached up to 40 but is now controlled. There's no evidence of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07122", "image": "slo_fundus_07122.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to family history and optic nerve head asymmetry. IOP is acceptable but some superior thinning is present in left eye. Also noted are early cataracts, dry eyes and mild presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus image, which is a photograph of the back of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and surrounding structures. The image is used to assess the health of the eye and detect any abnormalities or diseases. In this case, the image is from a patient with glaucoma, a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if left untreated."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07699", "image": "slo_fundus_07699.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient shows consistent thinning in eyes (os & od), with inferior and borderline superior thinning. Treatment includes latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide. IOP and oct are stable, but increased defects in visual field are noted. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a posterior capsule opacity in the left eye. This finding is consistent with the information provided in the reference report. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference report should not be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. Instead, it should be used for reference and comparison when interpreting the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07990", "image": "slo_fundus_07990.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a possible thinning of the retinal nerve fiber in the right eye, but healthy nerves. There's no thinning in the left eye. The patient has a history of glaucoma but currently no treatment due to acceptable intraocular pressure level."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The image should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical history and symptoms, and any additional information available."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07964", "image": "slo_fundus_07964.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye due to thyroid disease and steroid use. The patient has a history of asthma worsened by glaucoma drops and is currently on Advair. The patient also has cataracts and a macular lesion in the left eye, color blindness, and had strabismus surgery. The patient uses long-term steroids and hydrocortisone for pituitary replacement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) in the right eye and a mild ONH in the left eye. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve connects to the retina. A normal ONH indicates that there are no visible signs of damage or disease in the optic nerve head, while a mild ONH suggests that there is some degree of change or abnormality, but it is not severe."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07552", "image": "slo_fundus_07552.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient elected to have plana surgery done by Dr. PERSON next week or after. Anticipated complications are infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss. Noted with #cataract in right eye, #cystoid macular edema in left eye, and no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The image should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical history and symptoms, and any additional information provided by the referring physician."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07102", "image": "slo_fundus_07102.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 30-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 34-year-old male patient had ophthalmic hypertension and was previously treated with travatan. His eye pressure is currently controlled in the right eye, but borderline in the left eye. The risk of glaucoma and vision loss has been discussed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 30-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus image, which is a photograph of the back of the eye. It provides a visual representation of the retina, optic nerve, and other structures within the eye. However, without more specific information or context, it is difficult to generate a detailed report based on the image alone. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make an accurate diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07600", "image": "slo_fundus_07600.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma, possibly due to steroid response. Suffered from ocular hypertension; IOP improved slightly after stopping steroid nasal spray. Opted to start on latanoprost for treatment. No family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes, with intraocular pressure (iop) of 18/17. The disc and CCT appear normal. Additionally, there is branch retinal vein occlusion in the right eye, which is new. The left eye has a choroidal nevus. There is no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07429", "image": "slo_fundus_07429.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is being monitored for mild cataract ou and is using over-the-counter glasses for 20/15 vision. There is a low suspicion of glaucoma but risks include age and c/d asym. There is no family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Macular degeneration is present in the mother."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07034", "image": "slo_fundus_07034.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note talks about an upcoming appointment for the patient at a neuro-ophthalmology suite. It advises pupil dilation might occur and may affect driving ability. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. These findings are consistent with the reference report provided."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07032", "image": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient continues latanoprost for right eye at night time and reduced use of dorzolamide and brimonidine. Follow-up with glaucoma service in 1-2 weeks. Monitor for vision changes or eye pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the optic nerve head region."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07111", "image": "slo_fundus_07111.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "50-year-old IT professional with dry eye syndrome not responding to frequent artificial tears, glaucoma, and cataracts which are of minimal visual significance. Undertaking various treatments and monitoring symptoms.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer, which is the layer of nerve fibers that connect the retina to the brain. The image does not show any signs of retinal breaks or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07234", "image": "slo_fundus_07234.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient appears visually stable, with no disc edema os noted. There is swelling and moderate pigmentary clumping around the left optic nerve, potentially making her susceptible to a subretinal neovascular membrane. No evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07245", "image": "slo_fundus_07245.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The physician also spent considerable time counseling and coordinating care for the patient's condition.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and normal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07507", "image": "slo_fundus_07507.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to borderline intraocular pressure. However, there is no evidence of glaucoma according to an rnfl oct test. The visual field and intraocular pressure are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has had successful phaco/IOL surgery, and blepharitis. There's been a mention of glaucoma, but no evidence found. Follow-up plan includes regular eye checks."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to borderline intraocular pressure. However, there is no evidence of glaucoma according to an rnfl oct test. The visual field and intraocular pressure are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma. The visual field and intraocular pressure are normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07625", "image": "slo_fundus_07625.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has pterygium, nuclear sclerosis, and cupping in both eyes. Glaucoma unlikely. Normal visual field, stable retina, thinning temp, and refractive error found."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07026", "image": "slo_fundus_07026.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has hypercholesterolemia and hypertensive disorder. They've been prescribed an oral dose of Simvastatin. Humphrey visual field and OCT tests have been conducted. Glaucoma is not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. The pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07577", "image": "slo_fundus_07577.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe glaucoma and cataracts, with blurred vision. Surgery is scheduled for a cataract operation, using a monofocal lens with concomitant glaucoma surgery. Risks were explained and consents signed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no significant abnormalities. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve connects to the back of the eye. A normal ONH appearance suggests that there are no visible signs of glaucoma or other optic nerve-related issues in the image. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07212", "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has received Tobradex ophthalmic solution and triamcinolone acetonide cream. Conditions include hypothyroidism, uveitis, kidney stone, inflammatory polyarthropathies, demyelinating disease of CNS, and chronic pain. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and no signs of glaucoma. However, there is an eye alignment issue noted."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07744", "image": "slo_fundus_07744.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient shows mild optic atrophy on OCT, suggesting idiopathic intracacranial hypertension (IIH). Medications (retinoids and tetracyclines) worsened IIH. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows bilateral optic disc swelling, which is likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The condition is improving off medication. There are no signs of glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07665", "image": "slo_fundus_07665.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post phaco/IOL procedure shows good result & stable intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma in left eye controlled with Lumigan. Asymptomatic cataract in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient experiences decreased vision and is set on a target of 12 for both eyes. Previous high intraocular pressure caused some expected progression after reduction, hinting at glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post phaco/IOL procedure shows good result & stable intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma in left eye controlled with Lumigan. Asymptomatic cataract in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07727", "image": "slo_fundus_07727.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on continued latanoprost for glaucoma. Finds OCT tedious. Stable choroidal nevus in right eye. History of rosacea blepharitis, keratitis and chalazion. Residual chalazion present. PCO not significant, will monitor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve, with no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07973", "image": "slo_fundus_07973.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y/o female nurse with history of hypercholesterolemia, rhinitis, and is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma or long-term steroid use. Currently, no need for glaucoma therapy. Other conditions include mild cataracts, dry eye syndrome, and high myopia. Recommended warm compress and artificial tears. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is experiencing vision loss. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y/o female nurse with history of hypercholesterolemia, rhinitis, and is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma or long-term steroid use. Currently, no need for glaucoma therapy. Other conditions include mild cataracts, dry eye syndrome, and high myopia. Recommended warm compress and artificial tears. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) appearance. This means that the optic nerve head appears healthy and without any signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07425", "image": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe NVG OD (right eye), with suspected presence in OS (left eye). Despite low IOPs, there's worsening of the visual field in the right eye. Intraocular pressure may be increasing due to retinal injections. Continues on Cosopt and Alphagan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the patient's eyes. The RNFL is a layer of nerve fibers that connect the retina to the brain and play a crucial role in vision. In this case, the RNFL appears to be thin, which is a common finding in patients with glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnosis of glaucoma should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07235", "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Intolerant to Vyzulta and brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layers show thinning, with visual field progression in right eye. Considering trabeculectomy due to IOP too high. Past cataract surgery in right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve head, which are important structures in the eye. The image is likely to be used to assess the patient's eye health and identify any potential abnormalities or diseases. However, without specific details about the findings in the image, it is difficult to provide a detailed report. The reference reports can be used for comparison and understanding the patient's overall health and medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07451", "image": "slo_fundus_07451.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications for both eyes: Teal - 1x/night, Purple and Timolol1 - 2x/day, Ofloxacin - left eye as per Dr. and White/Netarsudil - 1x/night. The presence of glaucoma is implied. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 80-year-old male patient shows glaucoma symptoms with increased intraocular pressure, especially in the right eye. He also has age-related macular degeneration, hemiretinal vein occlusion, and moderate vision issues limited by AMD. A consultation for glaucoma is recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications for both eyes: Teal - 1x/night, Purple and Timolol1 - 2x/day, Ofloxacin - left eye as per Dr. and White/Netarsudil - 1x/night. The presence of glaucoma is implied. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07598", "image": "slo_fundus_07598.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma and narrow ou angles. They had SLT surgery on both eyes with reduced eye drops, had trusopt but experienced stinging. Stable results with CCT at 480 and ONH at 0.6/0.7, but worsening DP and worse VF in the right eye. They responded well to PHACO and ECP procedures. Their dry eye condition improved with artificial tears, and are recovering well post left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy. Past shingles case noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. However, it is important to note that the image is from a 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in the left eye, which is greater than the right. The retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes, and the visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. The patient is intolerant to brimonidine and has a family history of glaucoma. She is currently on Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Additionally, she has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07298", "image": "slo_fundus_07298.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has optic disc drusen causing bilateral visual field deficits, no apd, and significant bilateral thinning of the optic nerve rnfl. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the visual fixation issues."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07858", "image": "slo_fundus_07858.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information about glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and no signs of retinal detachment. The image is graded as 0, which indicates no pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07005", "image": "slo_fundus_07005.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's OD IOP is above goal, showing a possibly worsening superior arcuate defect. Inferior thinning on OD remains stable. Latanoprost treatment to continue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07790", "image": "slo_fundus_07790.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on multiple medications including fluoxetine, hydrochlorothiazide, polyethylene glycol, psyllium and trifluoperazine, along with latanoprost for glaucoma. He has several conditions including anxiety, depression, psychosis, hypertension, hypothyroidism, back pain, and erectile disorder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has bilateral corneal changes with mild opacification. Initial vision test results unreliable due to patient's slow response. Follow-up test showed improvement. Significant cupping seen in dilated fundus exam, though intraocular pressures are normal. Possible glaucoma, needs further evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on multiple medications including fluoxetine, hydrochlorothiazide, polyethylene glycol, psyllium and trifluoperazine, along with latanoprost for glaucoma. He has several conditions including anxiety, depression, psychosis, hypertension, hypothyroidism, back pain, and erectile disorder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc, which means that the optic disc appears healthy and without any signs of damage or disease."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07856", "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred from ER for lens particle glaucoma, had persistent iritis, cme and elevated iop after cataract extraction. Also has steroid response issue in left eye. No known glaucoma history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina, with no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07180", "image": "slo_fundus_07180.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's idiopathic intracranial hypertension remains stable in her left eye. New changes in visual field testing observed but deemed potentially artifactual. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07722", "image": "slo_fundus_07722.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has a history of SLE, left optic nerve swelling, fatigue, balance problems, cognitive slowing, hypogammaglobulinemia, developmental delay, fibromyalgia, RA. Visual acuity and color vision normal. Fundi stable, mild 360 elevation in left fundus. OCT ganglion cell thickness normal. No evidence of maculopathy. Chronic optic nerve elevation secondary to SLE, stable. Monocular diplopia, exotropia, left hypertropia, ptosis, keratosis present. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic nerve and retina."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07967", "image": "slo_fundus_07967.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "88-year-old female has pseudophakia, diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, and right 4th nerve palsy. She has a borderline intraocular pressure and dry eyes. No glaucoma detected."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) with no visible abnormalities. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07357", "image": "slo_fundus_07357.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is taking vitamins B1, B6, B12, warfarin, zinc, and bimatoprost. They have glaucoma among other health conditions such as chronic atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency, and hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eyes. The image is used to assess the overall health of the retina and optic nerve, as well as to identify any abnormalities or signs of disease. In this case, the image is being used to evaluate the patient's eyes for glaucoma, which is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07917", "image": "slo_fundus_07917.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to exfoliation syndrome and other underlying risk factors. No thinning detected in OCT RNFL testing. Exhibits non-specific defects in the right eye and mild pseudophacodonesis in both eyes. Undergoing treatment with Xalatan and Timolol drops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a choroidal nevus os, which is a type of benign tumor in the choroid layer of the eye. Additionally, the patient has schizoaffective disorder. The attending ophthalmologist aims to keep intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes at \u226412 mmHg using Latanoprost and Cosopt. The potential glaucoma treatment suggested is not explicitly mentioned in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07173", "image": "slo_fundus_07173.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a suspected case of glaucoma with no medication and a family history of possible glaucoma. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions include early cataract, amblyopia, exotropia, and refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve connects to the back of the eye. A normal ONH appearance indicates that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of damage to the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07233", "image": "slo_fundus_07233.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma, intolerant to Travatan Z and Timolol, with thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. They also have cataracts but are noncritical and a likely meningioma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal in appearance, with no visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07795", "image": "slo_fundus_07795.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen by Dr. Person, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure in the 15 range. No current treatment. Normal optic nerves and visual fields. No family history. Has hypothyroidism. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has dry eye syndrome in both eyes and potentially visually-significant conditions in both eyes. Goal intraocular pressure for both eyes is given. There is no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen by Dr. Person, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure in the 15 range. No current treatment. Normal optic nerves and visual fields. No family history. Has hypothyroidism. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and visual field. The patient has hypothyroidism, but no current treatment. The image is from a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure in the 15 range."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07353", "image": "slo_fundus_07353.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's pre-visit symptom screening was conducted with no presence of symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell. They had no contact with COVID-19. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, with no signs of damage or disease. The optic nerve also appears normal, without any abnormalities or changes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07980", "image": "slo_fundus_07980.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a laceration of the globe of the eye. No information about glaucoma or immunizations administered is mentioned. Instructions to activate a patient gateway account are provided."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the optic disc."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07963", "image": "slo_fundus_07963.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been experiencing poor vision for years. Outer retinal nerve fiber layer appears normal, intraocular pressure (IOP) is under 10. Living with pseudophakia, stable for 1 year. Currently on Travatan and Restasis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "A 71-year-old financial consultant with a history of hypertension, sleep apnea, melanoma and other conditions. There is no explicit mention of the presence of glaucoma. Patient does have mild c/d asymmetry, a cataract in the left eye, and metastatic melanoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been experiencing poor vision for years. Outer retinal nerve fiber layer appears normal, intraocular pressure (IOP) is under 10. Living with pseudophakia, stable for 1 year. Currently on Travatan and Restasis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal outer retinal nerve fiber layer. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is under 10. The patient is living with pseudophakia and has been stable for 1 year. They are currently on Travatan and Restasis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07390", "image": "slo_fundus_07390.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 31 yo female embriologist with likely physiological iop normal at each visit. Asymmetric c/d ratio stable. Maternal great grandmother had glaucoma. Inferior superior defects present. Anisocoria, possible migraines. Possible glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient diagnosed with intra/supraseller pituitary tumor, mild optic neuropathy possibly due to trauma or congenital issues. Visual stability reported. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 31 yo female embriologist with likely physiological iop normal at each visit. Asymmetric c/d ratio stable. Maternal great grandmother had glaucoma. Inferior superior defects present. Anisocoria, possible migraines. Possible glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the eye. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, and the optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. The image can provide valuable information about the structure and health of these tissues. However, without specific details or abnormalities, it is difficult to generate a report based on the image alone."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07114", "image": "slo_fundus_07114.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a modulating achr antibody of 15 (negative < 32%), refractive error, and experiences intermittent itching in both eyes. Recommended OTC antihistamine drop. No mention of glaucoma.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the patient's eye, and the reference report suggests that the patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16. However, there are still some high-end readings. The patient has good compliance and optic tomography, but visual field worsens due to dementia. Based on these findings, a glaucoma referral is suggested."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07371", "image": "slo_fundus_07371.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is diagnosed with NMOSD and prescribed Infliximab. Recommended increasing dose to 10 mg/kg if ineffective. Weight: 107kg, Height: 168cm. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a healthy retina with no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve appears normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07362", "image": "slo_fundus_07362.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is seen for eye/vision problems and has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, of an indeterminate stage. The target intraocular pressure is 13. The patient is using latanoprost for reduction of eye pressure. Testing and monitoring to continue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and no signs of retinal or choroidal pathology. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of glaucomatous damage."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07626", "image": "slo_fundus_07626.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. It primarily discusses administrative aspects. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of 49 and mild uveitis. Two episodes of high IOP found. Possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome suggested. Continued treatment with timolol for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. It primarily discusses administrative aspects. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient. The image is stained with a specific dye to highlight the structures of interest. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye, and the optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07281", "image": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note suggests a normal eye exam with no signs of glaucoma, as evidenced by a normal c/d ratio (0.3 & 0.25). No immediate follow-up specified."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows bilateral optic nerve atrophy, which is a condition where the optic nerves have become thinner and less functional. This can be associated with various causes, such as inflammation, injury, or disease. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07857", "image": "slo_fundus_07857.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has left eye cataract and suspected glaucoma due to eye cupping, but no iop elevation. Normal OCT, cortical blindness in superior left field due to CVA."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve, normal intraocular pressure (IOP), normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and mild cataracts. The patient does not require glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07048", "image": "slo_fundus_07048.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note discusses a detailed review and interpretation of tests, including ancillary studies, and discussion of patient management. No explicit mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows bilateral optic disc swelling, which is likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The condition is improving off medication, and there are no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07757", "image": "slo_fundus_07757.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67-year-old male with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), family history of glaucoma (uncertain), and mild cataracts. IOP uncontrolled, been high in 2 prior exams. Plan: start Latan. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "58-year-old male has Parkinson's, cataract, and is a glaucoma suspect with abnormal but unreliable visual fields, possible due to Parkinson's. No immediate intervention needed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67-year-old male with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), family history of glaucoma (uncertain), and mild cataracts. IOP uncontrolled, been high in 2 prior exams. Plan: start Latan. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve enters the eye, and a normal ONH appearance indicates that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of damage to the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07459", "image": "slo_fundus_07459.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Possible tube shunt, revisit in 3 months for iop, dilate, fundus photos. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma, worse in left eye. No intolerance to glaucoma medication. Family history of brother losing vision due to glaucoma. Post cataract surgery, vision improved."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Possible tube shunt, revisit in 3 months for iop, dilate, fundus photos. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07536", "image": "slo_fundus_07536.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient shows signs of resolved blepharitis, minimal nuclear sclerosis, and eye cupping. Glaucoma is suspected, but with low IOPs, normal HVF, OCT. Macular RPE changes noted OD."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal intraocular pressure and no glaucoma. However, there is possible thinning of the retina. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07146", "image": "slo_fundus_07146.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced multifactorial headaches, had improved idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and familial history of glaucoma. Recommended to seek neurology evaluation and follow-up in neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient underwent neurosurgery for right flank pain. An upcoming follow-up brain MRI is scheduled. Her medical condition and care coordination were discussed. Glaucoma was not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced multifactorial headaches, had improved idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and familial history of glaucoma. Recommended to seek neurology evaluation and follow-up in neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07389", "image": "slo_fundus_07389.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07092", "image": "slo_fundus_07092.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of open angle glaucoma due to cdr asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Current treatment is monitoring but there's a low threshold for initiating treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, with no signs of retinopathy or glaucoma. The c/d ratio is 0.9, which is within the normal range. The patient's eye pressure is stable, and there is no family history of glaucoma. The visual fields are also normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07566", "image": "slo_fundus_07566.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using timoptic xe1 for both eyes once in the morning. Alternative medications include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost, timolol timoptic, timoptic xe, betoptic s, and ocudose. Glaucoma care is mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer, which is an important aspect of the eye's structure. However, it is important to consider the patient's overall clinical picture, including their medical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests, to make a comprehensive assessment of their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07312", "image": "slo_fundus_07312.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has known glaucoma and macular degeneration. Details include open angle glaucoma and moderate pseudoexfoliative os. Patient had stopped using Xalatan, and this led to progression. Current treatment to continue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. However, the glaucoma status is not mentioned in the provided information. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07647", "image": "slo_fundus_07647.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has undergone DCR in the left eye, thermal keratoplasty in the right eye, has cataracts in both eyes, physiologic cupping, dry eyes and refractive error. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient discussed cataract surgery for right eye; risks including pain, bleeding, infection, inflammation, and others, were discussed. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has undergone DCR in the left eye, thermal keratoplasty in the right eye, has cataracts in both eyes, physiologic cupping, dry eyes and refractive error. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07636", "image": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 77-year-old female patient is suspected of having glaucoma (increased c/d os>od). She was recommended to start latanoprost and continue with it. Other conditions include migraines, osteoarthritis, and atrial fibrillation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07374", "image": "slo_fundus_07374.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "MRI showed pachymeningeal dural enhancement, no high intracranial pressure. Mild optic disc swelling and recent weight gain suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no other abnormalities. The ONH appears to be healthy, with no signs of glaucoma or other pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07590", "image": "slo_fundus_07590.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient visited for glaucoma. Vital signs are normal & patient is a never-smoker. Visual acuity & intraocular pressure were measured, but no eyeglass prescription was found. Current medication is albuterol. No allergies noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no significant abnormalities. The ONH appears to be normal, and there are no signs of glaucoma or other pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07207", "image": "slo_fundus_07207.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has paracentral defect OD, inferior altitudinal defect OS, potentially indicative of glaucoma. No evidence of acute pathology. A neuro-ophthalmology follow-up is planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eye. The image is a 2D representation of the eye's internal structures, which can be used to assess the overall health of the retina and optic nerve. However, it is important to note that a fundus image alone may not provide enough information to diagnose specific conditions or diseases. The reference reports you mentioned can be used for comparison and to better understand the patient's medical history and any potential abnormalities in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07731", "image": "slo_fundus_07731.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye, suggesting the possibility of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of retinal disease. The optic nerve appears to be healthy, and there are no visible abnormalities in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07082", "image": "slo_fundus_07082.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has granulomatous-appearing lesions in the eye, indicative of sarcoidosis. Plan includes referral for biopsy, PET CT scan, possible additional tests, and follow up review. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07049", "image": "slo_fundus_07049.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is diabetic, on Flomax and may require special equipment for surgery due to increased risk of complications. IOP checks suggest glaucoma is a concern."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal macula and no signs of retinal detachment. The retinal nerve fiber layer appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07680", "image": "slo_fundus_07680.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old female, HIV positive (undetectable viral load), osteoporosis, family history of glaucoma (mother and grandmother). Glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry, but low suspicion as per Dr. PERSON. Other issues: dry eye syndrome, senile cataract, refractive error, occasional allergies. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 49 y.o female has hypertension, dysarthria and left facial numbness caused by a lateral medullary stroke. She also had an irritated eye due to eyelash placement that resolved with antibiotics and is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old female, HIV positive (undetectable viral load), osteoporosis, family history of glaucoma (mother and grandmother). Glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry, but low suspicion as per Dr. PERSON. Other issues: dry eye syndrome, senile cataract, refractive error, occasional allergies. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no evidence of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the image is from a 59-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma. Further evaluation and monitoring may be necessary to rule out any potential glaucoma or other eye-related issues."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07241", "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "66 yo woman suspected of glaucoma but of low suspicion, due to positive family history. Stable OCT RNFL; also has extramacular drusen, nuclear cataracts (not visually significant), and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of amaurosis or glaucoma. The patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye, which has now resolved. The image is consistent with the reference report, indicating that there are no significant abnormalities detected in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07811", "image": "slo_fundus_07811.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. It suggests over-the-counter artificial tears for dry eyes and provides various suggestions for treating blepharitis, including warm compresses and lid scrubs."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and a normal macula. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve connects to the back of the eye, and the macula is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. The normal appearance of these structures in the image suggests that there are no significant abnormalities or pathological changes detected in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07308", "image": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has mild OD and is suspected to have OS glaucoma. Undergoing OCT RNFL and HVF 24-2 monitoring. No medication prescribed. Return to glaucoma clinic scheduled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal cup-to-disk ratio and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07853", "image": "slo_fundus_07853.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma with visual field loss and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Trabeculectomy recommended, despite cataracts presence."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) of the patient's eyes. The ONH is the area where the optic nerve enters the eye. In this case, the patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye and suspected glaucoma in the left eye due to a cup to disc ratio. The patient is intolerant to acetazolamide and has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. They are currently on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07960", "image": "slo_fundus_07960.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) at 29/33 indicating presence of glaucoma. They have been treated with latanoprost which has yielded excellent response. Their mother has ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no visible abnormalities. However, it is important to note that the image is from a patient with primary angle closure glaucoma, which is a condition where the angle between the iris and the cornea becomes narrowed, potentially leading to increased pressure in the eye. The patient has undergone glaucoma procedures in both eyes, including laser peripheral iridotomy, trabeculectomy, cataract extractions, and diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07119", "image": "slo_fundus_07119.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis but shows no lesions that could indicate demyelination. MRIs show normal optic health and no sign of significant optic atrophy. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a moderate risk of visual/neurological issues. Glaucoma presence isn't specified. Involved in managing the case, communicating with Dr. PERSON, and interpreting unique tests. No other details provided."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis but shows no lesions that could indicate demyelination. MRIs show normal optic health and no sign of significant optic atrophy. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no lesions that could indicate demyelination. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis but shows no signs of significant optic atrophy. Additionally, there is no mention of glaucoma in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07877", "image": "slo_fundus_07877.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 is a glaucoma suspect with family history of glaucoma from her father. She has dry eye, age-related combined cataracts, non-visually significant pterygia, lisch nodules, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and a normal cup/disc ratio. The ONH appears to be normal, with no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities. The cup/disc ratio is also within normal limits."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07900", "image": "slo_fundus_07900.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild stage open-angle glaucoma with exfoliation material and healthy optic nerve. Also has narrow angles, des, pseudophakia. Medications include Xalatan, Trusopt, Cosopt, Restasis and Systane. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution in the left eye and timolol 0.5% solution in the right eye, 2x per day. Performing Humphrey visual field and OCT optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild stage open-angle glaucoma with exfoliation material and healthy optic nerve. Also has narrow angles, des, pseudophakia. Medications include Xalatan, Trusopt, Cosopt, Restasis and Systane. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a mild stage of open-angle glaucoma with exfoliation material and a healthy optic nerve. Additionally, the patient has narrow angles, des, pseudophakia, and is taking medications such as Xalatan, Trusopt, Cosopt, Restasis, and Systane."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07455", "image": "slo_fundus_07455.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has a dendritiform lesion in left eye. Valtrex 1g tid treatment started. Suggests cornea follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07653", "image": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is taking levothyroxine, mirtazapine, phenytoin, and simvastatin orally. Conditions include seizure disorder, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, etc. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a mild combined cataract. A combined cataract is a type of cataract that affects both the lens and the cornea of the eye. The presence of a mild combined cataract in the image may indicate a need for further evaluation and treatment. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough assessment and appropriate management of the condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07376", "image": "slo_fundus_07376.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is a 70-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and breast cancer. She had a hip surgery and adhesions lysis, and uses Flonase and Opcon for allergies. She has mild c/d asymmetry suggesting potential glaucoma. She had cataract and eye surgery performed, experiencing some difficulties with vision, but is generally satisfied with vision post surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and no signs of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. The visual field test revealed no significant abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07182", "image": "slo_fundus_07182.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma and possible vision field progression. Glaucoma has been stable but vision worsened in an unspecified date, elevated IOP was noted. Also, patient has minimal visually significant early cataract and LLL papiloma. No irritation reported."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07382", "image": "slo_fundus_07382.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Right and left intraocular pressure is 24 and 23 mmHg, with the second measurement being 22 and 21 mmHg. Pachymetry shows thickness of 593 and 618 respectively. There is no clear mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) with no signs of glaucoma. The image is provided for reference and comparison purposes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07369", "image": "slo_fundus_07369.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and eye cupping - possible glaucoma. Visual field normal. Prescription assigned. Yearly follow-up with tests recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no new findings, which is consistent with the stable glaucoma diagnosis. The patient's current medication regimen will continue, and latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine due to pregnancy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07228", "image": "slo_fundus_07228.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline thinning ou and macular changes os. Risks discussed include high IOP, inflammation, and worsening glaucoma. Patient has agreed to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty surgery for glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with open angle risk due to family history. No glaucoma procedures have been done. The patient's central corneal thickness is 568/558, with their optic nerve appearing borderline."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline thinning ou and macular changes os. Risks discussed include high IOP, inflammation, and worsening glaucoma. Patient has agreed to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty surgery for glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The image is considered normal, with no abnormalities detected."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07694", "image": "slo_fundus_07694.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note discusses obtaining patient's records from CT office. Patient will request them; no mention of glaucoma.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control and is on a prescription drug regimen. They are at moderate risk of glaucoma progression."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07284", "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of strabismus and underwent multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction. Also had cataract surgery in both eyes with intraocular lens placement. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eyes. The right eye has an intraocular lens and a history of lens dislocation. The left eye underwent cataract surgery with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. There is no mention of glaucoma in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07939", "image": "slo_fundus_07939.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on various prescriptions incl. methylprednisolone, tretinoin, triamcinolone acetonide, valacyclovir. Conditions include herpes simplex, obesity, asthma, depression, hidradenitis suppurativa, Allergic rhinitis, etc. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07707", "image": "slo_fundus_07707.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 48-year-old with ankylosing spondylitis, a history of iritis, and episcleritis. There's a family history of glaucoma. Iritus and episcleritis had occurred, but resolved with no recurrences."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer, which is the part of the retina that contains the nerve fibers responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. The image does not show any signs of glaucoma, which is a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. The report also mentions minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error, which are not directly related to the fundus image but are part of the patient's overall clinical picture."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07662", "image": "slo_fundus_07662.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent multiple rounds of in vitro fertilization prior to developing optic neuropathy with atypical features. It's unclear whether hormone treatment induced an inflammatory event. While no association with glaucoma is mentioned, the optic neuropathy is suspected to be inflammatory. Adjustments are considered for further monitoring and tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient underwent Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes but shows no sign of glaucoma. They have epidermoid cyst of skin, osteoporosis, depression, scoliosis, and a family history of breast cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent multiple rounds of in vitro fertilization prior to developing optic neuropathy with atypical features. It's unclear whether hormone treatment induced an inflammatory event. While no association with glaucoma is mentioned, the optic neuropathy is suspected to be inflammatory. Adjustments are considered for further monitoring and tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient. The optic nerve appears to be normal in appearance. However, it's important to note that the patient has a history of multiple rounds of in vitro fertilization and developed optic neuropathy with atypical features. The optic neuropathy is suspected to be inflammatory, but no association with glaucoma is mentioned. Further monitoring and tests may be needed to better understand the patient's condition and determine the appropriate course of action."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07083", "image": "slo_fundus_07083.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of sacroiliac arthralgia, xerostomia; further brain and orbit imaging discussed. Defers corticosteroid treatment. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic nerve. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07630", "image": "slo_fundus_07630.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 56-year-old male with low suspicion of glaucoma. Risks include high myopia and DM2. His eyes show thin rnfl and gcl, but it's attributed to myopia. His sugar levels are under control, with a good a1c. He has a family history of AMD, a presence of a few drusen, high myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia, and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07792", "image": "slo_fundus_07792.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has tonic pupil despite miosis and ptosis, with sagging lid crease. They also have a choroidal nevus and a resolved papillomatous lesion. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07189", "image": "slo_fundus_07189.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's health, including the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. However, there are some findings that may be relevant to the patient's medical history. These include iridocorneal adhesions, which are areas of scar tissue between the iris and the cornea, and a history of traumatic mydiasis, which is a condition where the pupil becomes dilated and does not return to its normal size. It is important to consider these findings in the context of the patient's overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07534", "image": "slo_fundus_07534.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 80-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio. She also has macular drusen and a family history of poor vision. The patient also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has post-operative phaco/pciol ou."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic disc of the patient's eye. The retina appears to be normal, and the optic disc is also normal. However, it is important to note that the presence of early cataracts and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) may not be visible in the fundus image. These findings are based on the reference reports provided."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07865", "image": "slo_fundus_07865.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Prescreening completed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 76-year-old male patient is suspected of having glaucoma. His intraocular pressure is normal. He has thin inferior optic nerve fibers in the right eye and might have laser-induced damage. He also has type 2 diabetes. The patient is recommended to have yearly eye exams and follow up with a retina team for further evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Prescreening completed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The image is described as having a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.2, which is considered normal. The report also mentions a normal macula and no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07987", "image": "slo_fundus_07987.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild stage, chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye, with potential narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. No family history of glaucoma or allergies to related medications. Uneventful personal history. Also has early cataracts and dry eye syndrome. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient exhibits high glaucoma risk in both eyes with borderline findings of open angle. No glaucomatous vf loss observed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal, with stable temp thinning in left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild stage, chronic angle-closure glaucoma in right eye, with potential narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. No family history of glaucoma or allergies to related medications. Uneventful personal history. Also has early cataracts and dry eye syndrome. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild stage, chronic angle-closure glaucoma in the right eye, with potential narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. The patient has no family history of glaucoma or allergies to related medications. They have an uneventful personal history, early cataracts, and dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07787", "image": "slo_fundus_07787.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has glaucoma and cataracts. They spent 45 minutes with the doctor, more than half of which was for counseling and care coordination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and a normal retina."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07461", "image": "slo_fundus_07461.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is being followed for potential glaucoma, with a diagnosis of myopic nerves. Noted issues include borderline inferior thinning in the right eye and confirmed inferior thinning in the left eye. Other conditions include vitreous floaters, ns cataracts, and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a thin optic nerve head (ONH) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) in the patient. These findings are consistent with the reference report, which indicates that the patient is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The diagnosis should be made based on the patient's clinical presentation and other relevant factors."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07799", "image": "slo_fundus_07799.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had technical workup and testing but left before consultation. Plan for virtual follow-up to discuss symptoms, results. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note involves a patient with potential neurological and vision issues, assessed for neurosyphilis and Lyme disease. There's a risk of visual/neurological morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had technical workup and testing but left before consultation. Plan for virtual follow-up to discuss symptoms, results. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve, which are important structures in the eye. The image can provide valuable information about the overall health of the eye and help identify any abnormalities or changes in the retina and optic nerve. However, without specific details or findings, it is difficult to provide a detailed report. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any eye-related issues."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07287", "image": "slo_fundus_07287.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows cupping in both eyes, suggestive of glaucoma. However, normal visual field and low intraocular pressure observed. Possible ocular migraine and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry but is a low-risk at this time. Testing will be repeated in 6 months. No diabetic retinopathy was found and glasses were prescribed for driving."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows cupping in both eyes, suggestive of glaucoma. However, normal visual field and low intraocular pressure observed. Possible ocular migraine and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic nerve, with no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07997", "image": "slo_fundus_07997.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma, previously seen for ocular hypertension. There are no medical intolerances, prior glaucoma surgery or other eye surgeries noted. Family history reveals sister with early onset glaucoma. The patient's plan includes intraocular pressure management, visual field and RNFL OCT. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any details about a medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma, previously seen for ocular hypertension. There are no medical intolerances, prior glaucoma surgery or other eye surgeries noted. Family history reveals sister with early onset glaucoma. The patient's plan includes intraocular pressure management, visual field and RNFL OCT. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and normal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The image is graded as 0, which indicates no abnormalities or signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07711", "image": "slo_fundus_07711.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient was recommended for glaucoma monitoring due to mild cupping and family history. The diagnosis is glaucoma suspect, associated with possible superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and a large c/d ratio, which may indicate possible eye abnormalities. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07573", "image": "slo_fundus_07573.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses various medications, including calcium citrate-vitamin D3, cholecalciferol, rituximab, lorazepam, and acetaminophen. Orders include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note doesn't provide information about the presence of glaucoma. It mentions an unidentified mood disorder with plans for follow-up."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses various medications, including calcium citrate-vitamin D3, cholecalciferol, rituximab, lorazepam, and acetaminophen. Orders include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The report generated by the ophthalmologist based on the fundus image is as follows:"}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07930", "image": "slo_fundus_07930.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with progression. She is considering cataract surgery but needs intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, and prefers not to use eye drops. Target IOP is 20 ou. She has had several procedures on both eyes.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07708", "image": "slo_fundus_07708.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with target intraocular pressure (IOP) of 18. Central corneal thickness was 602 / 605. Eye tests showed inferior thin optic nerve and possible superior defect. Plan is to repeat testing for possible glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "60-year-old female, no family history of glaucoma. Possible sup segmental optic nerve hypoplasia/congenital anomaly. No history of intraocular pressure >21. Needs continued monitoring to ensure no progression."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with target intraocular pressure (IOP) of 18. Central corneal thickness was 602 / 605. Eye tests showed inferior thin optic nerve and possible superior defect. Plan is to repeat testing for possible glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07344", "image": "slo_fundus_07344.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has diabetes but no diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. Suspected glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry. History of narrow angles. Presence of cataract and PVD, both not visually significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "80-year-old female patient with history of hypertension, depression, atrial fibrillation, referred for cataract surgery. Has cataract, worse in left eye, wishes to proceed with surgery. Also diagnosed with Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma in both eyes, currently being managed with Latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has diabetes but no diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. Suspected glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry. History of narrow angles. Presence of cataract and PVD, both not visually significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a C/D asymmetry, which is a difference in the size or shape of the cornea and the lens of the eye. This asymmetry can be indicative of glaucoma, a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. However, it is important to note that the presence of cataract and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the image are not visually significant. These findings should be considered in the context of the patient's overall clinical picture and other diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07060", "image": "slo_fundus_07060.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from multiple conditions including carotid artery stenosis, hyperlipidemia, etc. Glaucoma is not listed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's clinical note indicates normal external and intraocular examinations. However, there is thinning in the superior and inferior regions of the eye disc, indicating possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from multiple conditions including carotid artery stenosis, hyperlipidemia, etc. Glaucoma is not listed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07242", "image": "slo_fundus_07242.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 91-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. She has visual field loss and needs to be checked for possible BRAO soon. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient had a CE/IOL surgery, is now doing well. They are expected to attend a glaucoma service for a HVF 24-2 test soon."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 91-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. She has visual field loss and needs to be checked for possible BRAO soon. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The optic nerve appears to be normal in size and shape."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07965", "image": "slo_fundus_07965.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "89-year-old non-Hispanic black female diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07333", "image": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a suspect of anatomical narrow angle glaucoma. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes, causing initial pain in the right eye. The intraocular pressure increased after dilation but resolved once pressure lowering drops were applied."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows an open angle, healthy nerves, and a thick central corneal thickness (CCT). These findings are consistent with the reference report, which indicates no glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07411", "image": "slo_fundus_07411.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient presents with bilateral optic nerve swelling and blurry vision, worse in the left eye, and has experienced transient vision loss. There's no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no visual loss or papilledema, which indicates no presence of glaucoma. However, the patient has been experiencing tolerance issues with Topamax. The ophthalmologist plans to switch back to a lower dose of Diamox. If the patient's headaches persist, the ophthalmologist may consider prescribing nortriptyline."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07285", "image": "slo_fundus_07285.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataracts in both eyes, cupping ou, and mild ERM. No presence of glaucoma as per testing. Other conditions include blepharitis/dry ou and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio. No glaucoma procedures or known medication issues. Also observed was borderline thinning sup, intermediate dry amd, and early cataract."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataracts in both eyes, cupping ou, and mild ERM. No presence of glaucoma as per testing. Other conditions include blepharitis/dry ou and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild cataracts in both eyes, cupping ou, and mild ERM. The image also reveals blepharitis/dry ou and refractive error. It is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07078", "image": "slo_fundus_07078.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis. Intraocular pressure checked, potential for selective laser trabeculoplasty discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) worse in left eye. Stable visual field but requires low intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP management with PERSON triggered redness/itching, can only tolerate Timolol. Medications Xalatan and Alphagan discontinued due to side effects. Cataract minimal. Retinal nerve fiber layer is stable. Further visual field testing is planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis. Intraocular pressure checked, potential for selective laser trabeculoplasty discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that a thorough evaluation by a professional ophthalmologist is necessary to confirm the absence of glaucoma and to determine the appropriate course of action."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07229", "image": "slo_fundus_07229.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure above the goal in both eyes. Discussed treatment options, patient hesitant to begin treatment but may consider in future if condition worsens."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a refractive error, which is a common finding in the eye. Refractive errors occur when the shape of the lens inside the eye is not perfect, causing the eye to focus light in front of or behind the retina. This can lead to blurred vision or other visual problems. It is important to consult an ophthalmologist for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07581", "image": "slo_fundus_07581.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient, a former smoker, visited for glaucoma. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured. The pressure in the right and left eyes were 17 and 11 respectively. The patient is on latanoprost for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07724", "image": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is a 75-year-old referred for glaucoma evaluation. No family history, treatment for glaucoma, steroid use, or sulfa allergy. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and suspected glaucoma. Also has cataracts and refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07717", "image": "slo_fundus_07717.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note doesn't provide any medical information or mention the presence of glaucoma. It only gives instructions about logging in to a patient account & contacting support."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is well-controlled, and they are at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. The reference reports provide additional information about the patient's condition and treatment, which can be used for comparison and understanding the patient's overall health status."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07671", "image": "slo_fundus_07671.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "56-year-old male, glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio but with low suspicion. Family history of glaucoma from grandmother. He has pingueculae and refractive error but deferred glasses prescription."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc, which means that there are no visible signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities in the optic disc."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07502", "image": "slo_fundus_07502.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been experiencing constant symptoms of light phenomena, shaky vision, dizziness while walking, and pressure pain. He has a history of ocular migraines and is low suspicion for glaucoma. Notable issues include vitreous floaters due to head trauma and unimproved chalazion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient presented for an eye health exam/cataract evaluation. He was previously told to have cataracts and reported glare while driving. He had a history of dm2, hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia. His ocular scan was normal, but he was considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been experiencing constant symptoms of light phenomena, shaky vision, dizziness while walking, and pressure pain. He has a history of ocular migraines and is low suspicion for glaucoma. Notable issues include vitreous floaters due to head trauma and unimproved chalazion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic nerve, retina, and vitreous. The optic nerve appears to be healthy, with no signs of glaucomatous damage or other abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, with no signs of retinal detachment, retinal tears, or other retinal abnormalities. The vitreous also appears to be normal, with no signs of vitreous hemorrhage or other vitreous abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07404", "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "64-year-old male has coloboma since birth, cataract od, amblyopia od, and PERSON nevus os. Relative had glaucoma. Stable condition, advised to wear eye protection. New glasses prescribed. No retinopathy, but high a1c. Mild cat os."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eyes. The image can be used to assess the overall health of the retina and optic nerve, as well as to identify any abnormalities or changes that may be present. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference reports should not be directly used for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07660", "image": "slo_fundus_07660.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old woman has anatomically narrow eye angles but they are not occludable. She's advised to monitor for changes and avoid medications like antihistamines that can worsen the condition. She is a low-risk glaucoma suspect. Her narrow angles are stable with the continued use of Allegra. She also has chalazion in her right eye, which is healing but still erythematous. The patient will undertake a short course of Tobradex ointment, but with caution regarding potential elevated intraocular pressure. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not contain details indicating the presence of glaucoma. It mentions optic nerve check-ups for both eyes and existing conditions of osteopenia and hyperlipidemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old woman has anatomically narrow eye angles but they are not occludable. She's advised to monitor for changes and avoid medications like antihistamines that can worsen the condition. She is a low-risk glaucoma suspect. Her narrow angles are stable with the continued use of Allegra. She also has chalazion in her right eye, which is healing but still erythematous. The patient will undertake a short course of Tobradex ointment, but with caution regarding potential elevated intraocular pressure. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a 63-year-old woman with anatomically narrow eye angles. She has been advised to monitor for changes and avoid medications like antihistamines that can worsen the condition. She is a low-risk glaucoma suspect. The narrow angles are stable with the continued use of Allegra. Additionally, the patient has chalazion in her right eye, which is healing but still erythematous. She will undertake a short course of Tobradex ointment, but with caution regarding potential elevated intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07458", "image": "slo_fundus_07458.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "65-year-old female patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and primary hyperparathyroidism. She had successful CABG. Her blood sugar level is managed well. She's dealing with cataracts and considering surgery, has refractive error/presbyopia, and a possible open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal fundus, which means that the retina and optic nerve appear healthy. However, it is important to consider the patient's medical history and any potential risk factors, such as the medications mentioned in the reference report. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the patient's overall health and any potential concerns."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07163", "image": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is taking a multivitamin, omega-3 fatty acids, Flomax, and Timoptic for eye drops. They have appointments related to glaucoma. They also have other conditions like hypertension, sleep apnea, hepatic cirrhosis, and back pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) appearance. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The ONH appears normal, but it is essential to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07870", "image": "slo_fundus_07870.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "43-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged c/d ratio. Test results include normal hvf and oct, IOP at 17/17, c/d ratio of 0.60 OD and 0.55 OS, mild diffuse thinning in both eyes, and no defects present. History of corneal scar and myopia astigmatism. Scheduled for follow-up in 1 year."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retinal nerve fiber layer. There are no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07984", "image": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 65-year-old female former race car driver and art conservator. She is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye and is responding well to medication. She also has mild and visually insignificant cataracts in both eyes which are being monitored."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07260", "image": "slo_fundus_07260.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient had an episode of partial, painless, monocular 'graying'. Retinal vasospasm suspected, but retinal embolic event is less likely. Incidental vitreous cell and vitreoretinal traction of unclear cause were noted. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07952", "image": "slo_fundus_07952.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old patient is considered a glaucoma suspect. Evidence points to thinning symptoms which are stable but slightly worsening. Both her sister and father are being monitored for glaucoma. Other eye conditions include retinal congenital hypertrophy and a choroidal nevus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has hypertensive disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and past cerebrovascular accident. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old patient is considered a glaucoma suspect. Evidence points to thinning symptoms which are stable but slightly worsening. Both her sister and father are being monitored for glaucoma. Other eye conditions include retinal congenital hypertrophy and a choroidal nevus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07540", "image": "slo_fundus_07540.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has monocular diplopia, complex migraine, and pulsatile tinnitus with no evidence of intracranial hypertension or glaucoma. Suggested to manage migraines and conduct pheochromocytoma tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has monocular diplopia, complex migraine, and pulsatile tinnitus with no evidence of intracranial hypertension or glaucoma. Suggested to manage migraines and conduct pheochromocytoma tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07278", "image": "slo_fundus_07278.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient lost to followup 2017-2019, no fam history of glaucoma, no steroid or trauma, recent diagnosis with hyperthyroidism. Current issue likely related to glaucoma, needs regular monitoring and adherence to treatment to lower vision loss risk."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no diabetic retinopathy, borderline thinning inferiorly, and no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07596", "image": "slo_fundus_07596.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 72-year-old female patient has had a stable recovery from previous treatments and procedures. There is deposition and disruption in the retina of the right eye. She is identified as a glaucoma suspect, with anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, and has a family history of glaucoma. Dry eye syndrome is being managed well. She also has anterior basement membrane dystrophy. No current use of steroids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient. The reference report provides information about the patient's ocular health and treatment plan. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The report should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07433", "image": "slo_fundus_07433.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50-year-old female with double vision and decreased night vision. Suspected lazy eye, was given prisms. Possible glaucoma. Has taken prednisone for back issues, and a topical steroid for eczema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a variety of conditions including mild stage open-angle glaucoma, hypercholesterolemia, onychomycosis, colon polyp, impotence, basal cell carcinoma of skin, smoking habit, hypertensive disorder, solitary lung nodule, asthma, pneumonia, and lung cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50-year-old female with double vision and decreased night vision. Suspected lazy eye, was given prisms. Possible glaucoma. Has taken prednisone for back issues, and a topical steroid for eczema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07594", "image": "slo_fundus_07594.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, arteriosclerotic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Had visual tests done."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve, which means that there are no visible signs of damage or disease in the optic nerve. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07407", "image": "slo_fundus_07407.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has dry eyes and history of ocular hypertension. Stable intraocular pressure, possibly treated with Xalatan. Glaucoma is not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no retinal abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07836", "image": "slo_fundus_07836.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has visual field loss in both eyes due to bilateral ischemic optic neuropathies from severe blood loss. Mild optic nerve pallor & ganglion cell loss present. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on tocilizumab and prednisone, with no evidence of inflammation. Sleep study recommended to identify risk factors and prevent right eye naion. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has visual field loss in both eyes due to bilateral ischemic optic neuropathies from severe blood loss. Mild optic nerve pallor & ganglion cell loss present. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild optic nerve pallor and ganglion cell loss. These findings are consistent with the patient's history of bilateral ischemic optic neuropathies from severe blood loss. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference reports should not be directly used for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "data_07739", "image": "slo_fundus_07739.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note mentions peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms). No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up advised."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07017.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a prescription for fluconazole and prenatal vitamins. There's no specific mention of glaucoma, but there's a reference to a visual field test. Other conditions listed are uterine leiomyoma, dyslexia, lactose intolerance, rectal bleeding, and precordial pain. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "51-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma, based on observed cupping and history of elevated intraocular pressure. No change in optic nerve appearance. No family history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a prescription for fluconazole and prenatal vitamins. There's no specific mention of glaucoma, but there's a reference to a visual field test. Other conditions listed are uterine leiomyoma, dyslexia, lactose intolerance, rectal bleeding, and precordial pain. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07018.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient may have optic perineuritis or optic nerve sheath meningioma. Labs have been set for common causes of optic perineuritis. MRI revealed incidental empty sella. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07028.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma of an indeterminate stage with a likely secondary condition after VZV and a perforation in the right eye. Vision loss in the right eye, cause unclear. The plan is to continue the current medications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "A 75-year-old white, non-hispanic female was diagnosed with glaucoma. The medical information is confirmed accurate."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma of an indeterminate stage with a likely secondary condition after VZV and a perforation in the right eye. Vision loss in the right eye, cause unclear. The plan is to continue the current medications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the patient's retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The image can provide valuable information about the health of the retina and help identify any abnormalities or changes that may be indicative of a specific condition or disease. However, without more information or context, it is difficult to provide a detailed report based solely on the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07036.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old nurse with type 2 diabetes, has no evidence of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Importance of controlling blood pressure, sugar, and lipids emphasized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's right-sided optic atrophy, likely due to a pituitary macroadenoma, has improved since resection and remained stable. No signs of glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old nurse with type 2 diabetes, has no evidence of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Importance of controlling blood pressure, sugar, and lipids emphasized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. However, it is important to emphasize the need for controlling blood pressure, sugar, and lipids to maintain good eye health and overall health."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07047.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "68-year-old male has open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, mild family history, and hypercholesterolemia. Showed initial improvement in intraocular pressure (IOP) after Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), but it's increasing again. Also has mild Non-Resolving-Pneumonia (NRP) gland dysfunction, dry eye syndrome, and immature cataracts that are not affecting his daily activities. He was given a prescription for new glasses during the last visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07057.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma along with other conditions like hyperlipidemia, insomnia, abnormal liver function tests, a lesion of the breast, knee pain etc. Further tests have been ordered."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The image is taken with a 30-degree field of view."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07058.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's vision and visual field stable post craniopharyngioma resection. Sensory exotropia present but not causing social issues. Regular eye exam recommended. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible signs of damage or disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07064.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. male patient, no visual complaints, slight haziness OD. Improved vision post phaco IOL OS surgery. Family history of glaucoma noted; needs further monitoring. Plan to surgically remove small inclusion cysts LL OS. Never smoked, no CVD, on antihypertensive. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Female patient with history of pituitary macroadenoma, recent mini stroke, suspects glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, race and visual field defects. Occasionally experiences redness and blurred vision. Has incipient cataract with presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. male patient, no visual complaints, slight haziness OD. Improved vision post phaco IOL OS surgery. Family history of glaucoma noted; needs further monitoring. Plan to surgically remove small inclusion cysts LL OS. Never smoked, no CVD, on antihypertensive. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the optic disc. The optic disc is the point where the optic nerve enters the eye. A normal appearance of the optic disc indicates that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in that area."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07077.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "83-year-old male patient with a history of glaucoma and cataracts has increasing difficulty reading small print and experiencing fuzziness with close-up vision. Uses Latanoprost and has potential for progressive vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07116.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has cataract more in the right eye, retinal disorder in left eye, borderline intraocular pressure, and thick corneas potentially indicating glaucoma. Normal visual fields and retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and RNFL. The visual fields are full in both eyes. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect, and the optometrist has recommended monitoring IOP-off meds."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07124.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye, with intraocular pressure above the desired goal and possible progression. Therapy has been escalated and incisional surgery could be considered. They were advised to adhere to medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07134.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "65-year-old patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and increased c/d ratio, shows no history of glaucoma. However, severe thinning identified in recent scans and was referred to glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07188.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 64-year-old patient has hyperlipidemia, incipient cataract and anisometropic amblyopia with 20/250 vision in the left eye. Optic disc cupping is observed with IOP at 18/17, indicative of glaucoma. The patient struggles to recognize faces without glasses. No intervention required currently."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07210.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes with significant rnfl thinning and OCT loss. No medications were reported at first visit. New treatment plan includes latanoprost, with a pretreatment IOP of 18-24 and target IOP of 15. Also, patient has non-significant ns cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of optic neuropathy. However, there is a superior field defect in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient had a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema, previously on coumadin but switched to eliquis. Vision improved from lp to 20/30-2. Hyphema improved, with 1/2+ residual in anterior chamber. No hypopion or wbc. Inferotemporal ti defect of iris exists. IOP is 14. Prednisolone decreased. Plan includes IOP monitoring. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of glaucoma suspicion, is on timolol and latanoprost meds, and has 20/26 cataract with early pseudoexfoliation, erm, drusen, pvd and dry eyes. Needs glaucoma consultation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eyes. The image is used to assess the overall health of the retina and optic nerve, as well as to identify any abnormalities or changes that may be indicative of a specific condition, such as glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07276.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on brimonidine (or combigan) to lower intraocular pressure, indicating the presence of glaucoma. Alternate medications include dorzolamide, trusopt, and brinzolamide."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in left eye, cataracts and ocular hypertension in right eye controlled with timolol. No glaucoma present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07289.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) on both eyes on specified dates. Scheduled for follow-up including intraocular pressure check, visual fields test, dilation, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has mild cataract in both eyes, vitreous detachment in both eyes, disc asymmetry greater in left eye. Normal visual field and OCT. No glaucoma observed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) on both eyes on specified dates. Scheduled for follow-up including intraocular pressure check, visual fields test, dilation, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal fundus, which means that the retina, optic nerve, and surrounding structures appear healthy and without any significant abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07297.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma, headache, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Prescribed ophthalmic solutions are Brimonidine, Dorzolamide-Timolol, and Latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The cup/disc ratio appears to be normal, and there are no signs of glaucoma or other eye conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07299.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient returned for follow-up after extensive imaging. Eye exam showed possible abnormality in ellipsoid zone OS only, with no intraocular inflammation. Possible white dot syndrome or similar condition suggested. Family history of RP. Referral scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient with normal cct (550 ou), small optic nerves. Normal hvf, stable optic nerves compared to baseline. No glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient returned for follow-up after extensive imaging. Eye exam showed possible abnormality in ellipsoid zone OS only, with no intraocular inflammation. Possible white dot syndrome or similar condition suggested. Family history of RP. Referral scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a possible abnormality in the ellipsoid zone of the left eye (OS). However, it is important to note that there is no intraocular inflammation present in the image. The findings may be related to white dot syndrome or a similar condition. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07311.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has mild ocular hypertension in both eyes, normal visual field, open angles, trace nuclear sclerosis but no diabetic retinopathy. No signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07410.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's eye pressure is slightly elevated on the left (16) compared to target (14). Right eye is in normal range. Both eyes have normal visual fields and full extraocular movement. On examination, patient showed normal external and slit lamp features. Both eyes have a deep inferior notch on the disc with a C/D ratio of 0.8. No explicit mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and no retinal abnormalities. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is within the normal range. However, it is important to note that the IOP is higher than what was previously measured. This change in IOP may be significant and should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine if any intervention or treatment is necessary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07436.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has bilateral optic issues, more significant on the right, poss. glaucoma. No overt diplopia. Family history of glaucoma. Exotropia present. Plan for new prescription glasses and a neuro-ophthalmic follow up."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07441.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc drusen causing scotomas and macular GCL thinning. Stable condition, but would benefit from lowering IOPs to prevent additional vision loss. Currently prescribed timolol eye drops. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred for decreased vision (OS) showing reduced acuity OS to 20/40 and superior altitudinal defect. Fundus exam reveals superior disc elevation OS. Analysis suggests Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION OS). No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc drusen causing scotomas and macular GCL thinning. Stable condition, but would benefit from lowering IOPs to prevent additional vision loss. Currently prescribed timolol eye drops. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows an optic disc drusen, which is a small, calcified deposit on the optic disc. This finding is consistent with the reference report, which mentions optic disc drusen causing scotomas and macular GCL thinning. The patient's condition is stable, but it is important to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent additional vision loss. The patient is currently prescribed timolol eye drops."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07442.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has pseudophakia in both eyes with decreased acuity. Needs 1 agent for intraocular pressure control, indicative of glaucoma. Procedures for both eyes were planned but patient cancelled surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a choroidal lesion and early cataracts. These findings may be relevant to the patient's condition, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine their significance and any potential implications for the patient's health."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07448.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or any other medical conditions. It only provides details on how to reach the patient support team."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07465.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of glaucoma in both eyes with significant cupping. Using Timolol & Xalatan in the right eye. Despite this, HVF and OCT are normal. Continuing medication management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) and a normal cup-to-disc ratio (c/d). The ONH appears to be normal, with no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities. The c/d ratio is also within the normal range, which further supports the absence of glaucoma in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07468.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mrs. PERSON reported chronic nasal congestion and facial pain, with signs of mucosal edema. No evidence of infection was observed. She was advised to consult her dentist and has been started on a course of biaxin. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "70-year-old non-English-speaking female has glaucoma suspected due to enlarged c/d ratio and thinner inferior rim. Also has dry eye syndrome, mild hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and non-visually significant cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mrs. PERSON reported chronic nasal congestion and facial pain, with signs of mucosal edema. No evidence of infection was observed. She was advised to consult her dentist and has been started on a course of biaxin. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07470.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "New patient, 79 y/o female with history of Raynauds and limited scleroderma. Recently diagnosed with bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO). On 60mg of prednisone. Advised to continue steroids and consult a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. However, it is important to consider the patient's medical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07480.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, such as the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or any other specific medical details."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, such as the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07492.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on clotrimazole-betamethasone cream, lamotrigine, olanzapine, scopolamine, sumatriptan, and pyridoxine. Ordered optic nerve and disc photos, Humphrey visual field for glaucoma. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder, posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head, which is the area where the optic nerve connects to the retina. The optic nerve head appears to be healthy and without any signs of damage or disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07510.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has penicillin allergy and history of Lyme's disease. Intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes off glaucoma medications. Plan to continue monitoring without glaucoma meds. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note discusses a patient with a likely benign visual phenomenon and an unexpected visual field defect. It also mentions a history of cotton wool spots. No mentioning of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has penicillin allergy and history of Lyme's disease. Intraocular pressure is at goal in both eyes off glaucoma medications. Plan to continue monitoring without glaucoma meds. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07515.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has afferent dysfunction and papilledema despite medical therapy. Concerned about further vision loss. Surgical intervention discussed. Repeat lumbar puncture suggested for intracranial hypertension and to rule out other causes. Also, worsening anemia noted. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows bilateral optic disc swelling, which is likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The condition is improving off medication. There are no signs of glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07518.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation, c/d asymmetry, and myopia. A laser peripheral iridotomy has been conducted, the angle approach is steep and pigmented. Intraocular pressure is within normal limits. The patient suffers from myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The patient has a history of a fingernail injury to one eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The patient has ocular hypertension, which is being monitored over time without any reported optic nerve changes. There are no glaucoma procedures reported, and the patient is continuing to be monitored off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07531.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia but no hemorrhages noted. Shows signs of glaucoma with more cupping in right eye but normal vision field. Also has nuclear sclerosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There is suspicion of glaucoma, which is a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if left untreated."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07538.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has blepharitis, presbyopia, a pigmented lesion on the plica semilunaris of their right eye, a history of recurrent chalazion, and potential cutaneous sarcoidosis. No glaucoma reported."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07544.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is taking omeprazole, has osteoarthritis, hypercholesterolemia, glaucoma, and burn of face. No immunizations administered at this time. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "53-year-old white, non-Hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis, needs assistance with prior authorization, overdue by 6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is taking omeprazole, has osteoarthritis, hypercholesterolemia, glaucoma, and burn of face. No immunizations administered at this time. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no retinal pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of abnormalities or disease in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07547.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has refractive error, bilateral lagophthalmos and history of blepharospasm. Had undergone punctal cauterization, blepharoplasty, and Botox. Has cataracts, diabetes without retinopathy, visual issues due primarily to dry eyes. Cupping observed in eyes but no significant interocular pressure. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07554.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient had a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma, has pituitary macroadenoma & normal vision. No presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. This suggests that the patient's condition has been stable and well-controlled."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07555.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "69-year-old male with hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild nuclear cataract & posterior vitreous detachment, insignificantly impacting vision. Also, he is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d ratio - no family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a significant thinning of the rnfl oct and a pink appearance of the nerve. This suggests that there may be some abnormalities or damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer and the optic nerve. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07558.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred for acute angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and narrow angles in both eyes. Underwent LPI and Phaco/goniosynechiolysis procedures for glaucoma. No associated risk factors or medication issues. Future cataract surgery deferred."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has ocular hypertension and potentially mild primary open angle glaucoma, particularly in the right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine for treatment. Cataract detected in both eyes; right eye also has pterygium."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07561.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's intraocular improving with excellent bleb, but the visual acuity is not much better and macular folds persist. Recommended bleb revision in left eye and continue with existing treatment in right. Discussed potential risks of trabeculectomy surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of glaucoma or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07563.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has osteoarthritis and a history of total hip replacement. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. He/she has been prescribed Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor Oral)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no retinopathy. This means that there are no visible signs of retinal damage or disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07580.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Clinical note indicates potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes. Dry eye syndrome mentioned. Aim for intraocular pressure <= *** mmgh. Presence of glaucoma not specified."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc and no macular drusen. The optic disc appears to be normal, and there are no signs of macular drusen, which are small deposits of calcium in the macula of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07615.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has 1+ nuclear sclerosis and 1+ cortical cataract in both eyes which may require cataract surgery. Borderline glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles is also observed, necessitating monitoring."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07616.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient showing progress, recommended to stop Acetazolamide for pseudotumor cerebri syndrome treatment. No mention of glaucoma; healthier choices noted. Next check-up scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient, a male with headache, weight gain, moderate OSA, and fibrous dysplasia, completed antibiotics for ear infection. Experiencing congestion, possibly due to allergies, nasal problems. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient showing progress, recommended to stop Acetazolamide for pseudotumor cerebri syndrome treatment. No mention of glaucoma; healthier choices noted. Next check-up scheduled. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07618.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any other specific medical condition. The patient was counseled on their medical condition. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension has mildly swollen optic nerves, reduced ganglion cell complex thickness, lumbar puncture pressure of 290-280-290, and blurry vision. No glaucoma indicated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any other specific medical condition. The patient was counseled on their medical condition. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal appearance."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07619.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on appearance and strong family history. The intraocular pressure is moderately high but untreated. Cataracts present in both eyes. The patient has Sjorgren's syndrome and a history of ocular migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07639.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has resolved dry eye and floaters, nuclear sclerosis, with borderline intraocular pressure (potential for glaucoma). Normal RNFL on OCT. Some HVF changes noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "68-year-old female diagnosed with dry eyes caused by Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Treatment includes using Refresh PM and fish oil. Has visually insignificant cataracts and benign chorioretinal scar. Glaucoma suspected, but no family history or negative eye pressures. Her previous tests were normal. Recommended to monitor pingueculae and refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a cup:disc appearance that is suspicious for glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference report cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The image should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma and any other relevant findings."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07664.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on medications for glaucoma namely; Timolol (2x/day), Brimonidine (3x/day), and Dorzolamide (3x/day) applied in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07691.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 43 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Conditions: angioedema, nasal septal perforation, urticaria, obstructive sleep apnea (adult, pediatric). Immunizations given. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with indeterminate stage. No current intraocular pressure treatment. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber Layer in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 43 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Conditions: angioedema, nasal septal perforation, urticaria, obstructive sleep apnea (adult, pediatric). Immunizations given. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07715.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure (IOP) and a progressing cataract in the right eye (OD), indicative of glaucoma. Phaco/ECP/KDB was done in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the patient's retina and optic disc. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye, and optic disc cupping in both eyes. However, there is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07723.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with retinal detachment in the right eye and advanced diffuse thinning in the left. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Undergoing latanoprost and combigan treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07733.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma as indicated by Intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in both eyes. Medications dorzolamide, latanoprost, and brimonidine should be restarted and continued. There's worsened OCT and HVF, suggesting disease progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note mentions prescription of Timolol for both eyes and references to alternative medicines. The patient is advised to call a glaucoma physician in case of emergencies."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma as indicated by Intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in both eyes. Medications dorzolamide, latanoprost, and brimonidine should be restarted and continued. There's worsened OCT and HVF, suggesting disease progression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the patient's eye condition. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports should not be used as the basis for diagnosis. Instead, the image should be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has moderate stage open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the right eye (OD) and mild in the left eye (OS). Glaucoma is more severe in OD, with an ideal intraocular pressure (IOP) goal of low teens. Current IOP is well managed on Cosopt. Patient also has rosacea blepharitis, dry eye, and cataract OS, which requires surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio. The optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio is a measurement used to assess the size of the optic nerve cup in relation to the size of the optic nerve disc. A normal cup-to-disc ratio typically ranges from 0.3 to 0.5. In this case, the ratio is within the normal range, which suggests that the optic nerve appears to be normal in size."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07749.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to continue with brimonidine treatment. Discussions were had on proceeding with yag capsulotomy, with potential risks including infection, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Patient isn't diabetic. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note suggests suspicion of glaucoma as the patient's father had it, coupled with their own history of steroid use and certain eye conditions. Also, a right eyelid lesion is present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to continue with brimonidine treatment. Discussions were had on proceeding with yag capsulotomy, with potential risks including infection, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Patient isn't diabetic. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal macula and a normal optic nerve. The optic nerve appears to be normal in calibre, with no signs of papilledema. The macula appears to be normal, with no signs of macular degeneration or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07759.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "61-year-old male suspected of glaucoma has undergone tests. No family history of glaucoma. Both eyes normal in OCT. Mean deviation calculated, non-specific defects detected in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia. These findings may potentially obscure early glaucomatous findings. However, it is important to note that the intraocular pressure is good. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of these findings and to guide appropriate management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07763.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient PERSON A Milas is a low-risk open angle glaucoma suspect in both eyes. No family history, steroids, trauma. No definite thinning in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma medication or procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no evidence of glaucoma. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07767.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 15 mmHg or less in the left eye, which has met the treatment goal for both eyes. They are currently using latanoprost to control their IOP, with an emphasis on medication adherence. There is no direct mention of glaucoma in this note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the image was taken 1 year prior to the patient's visit. The patient's condition may have changed since then, and further evaluation may be necessary to assess their current status."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07784.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suspected of glaucoma; risk factors include race and family history. Higher intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD). Examination shows thinning areas in eye. No current glaucoma diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07798.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "42-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal intraocular pressure. However, it is important to consider the patient's medical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, more so than left. Previously underwent Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) in 2017. Uses Combigan, Lumigan, Dorz and Rhopressa and intolerant to Diamox. Visual field loss in right eye. Intracocular pressure controlled well."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild blurring of disc margins and mild dyschromatopsia. These findings may be indicative of possible macular and RNFL thinning, which could be suggestive of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07828.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient taking nitroglycerin, lisinopril, and olopatadine (Patanol) ophthalmic solution for right eye. Conditions include hypertension, hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows bilateral disc edema, which is consistent with the findings in the reference report. The image also shows tilted optic discs, myopia, and dry eye syndrome. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The report should only include the content of the report in your response."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07835.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataracts, recommended glasses over extraction. Left eye narrower, discussed laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) enlargement. Risks of LPI include worsened glaucoma. Agreed to proceed with LPI. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "56-year-old woman has history of thyroid nodules and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). She was on Xalatan for IOP management, discontinued periodically to check IOP off medication. A history of ocular hypertension was noted, with pressures back to normal on repeat checkups. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataracts, recommended glasses over extraction. Left eye narrower, discussed laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) enlargement. Risks of LPI include worsened glaucoma. Agreed to proceed with LPI. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild cataracts in the patient's eyes. The patient has been recommended to wear glasses instead of undergoing extraction. The left eye appears narrower, and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) enlargement has been discussed. However, it is important to note that the risks of LPI, such as worsened glaucoma, should be carefully considered before proceeding with the procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07848.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is experiencing vision decrease, lightheadedness and face numbness. Additional Avastin treatment is suggested. A central retinal vein occlusion is noted. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "23 m has intermittent blurry vision and eye pain. Symptoms are nonretinal with no clear cause found. Possible neurologic etiology, referred to neuro-ophthalmology, likely ocular dryness. No glaucoma noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is experiencing vision decrease, lightheadedness and face numbness. Additional Avastin treatment is suggested. A central retinal vein occlusion is noted. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a central retinal vein occlusion. This is a condition where the central retinal vein becomes blocked, leading to reduced blood flow and potential damage to the retina. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment options."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note mentions optic nerve tests in both eyes, but doesn't specify glaucoma. Conditions listed: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07859.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient Maureen Long had a follow-up eye exam. Vision readings showed IOP right 20/50-2 J1 11 and left 20/25 J1 12. She is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows mild nuclear sclerosis and ocular cupping. These findings are consistent with the reference report, which suggests that the patient has a history of amblyopia and is suspected of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other relevant information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07863.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient previously diagnosed with ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma, diagnosed around age 8. Family history includes mother with glaucoma. Taking Travatan for treatment. No current eye problems. Return to clinic for check-up."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as any additional imaging or diagnostic tests, to provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07908.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed methylphenidate, multivitamins, nystatin, and simvastatin. They have glaucoma as well as several other conditions including depressive disorder, gout, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Female patient with controlled thyroid disease, dry eye symptoms, and a history of steroid use for ulcerative colitis. SHOWS NO SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA. Monitored for proptosis (bulging eyes) but no signs of thyroid eye disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed methylphenidate, multivitamins, nystatin, and simvastatin. They have glaucoma as well as several other conditions including depressive disorder, gout, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07922.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient with pseudophakia in both eyes is stable post-phaco/pciol surgery. New prescription given. Sphenoid meningioma, lens rim artifact noted. OCT shows normal results. ERM in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve head and no signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to remember that a single image may not provide a complete picture of the patient's condition. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the patient's overall health and any potential issues that may require further attention or treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07924.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suspect for primary open-angle glaucoma, underwent laser procedures in both eyes. Also has cataract, hx of mac off rd OS, and male breast cancer. Target intraocular pressure <18. No familial history of conditions or use of steroids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows the retina and optic nerve of the patient's eye. The image is used to assess the health of the retina and optic nerve, which are important for vision. However, without more specific information about the patient's condition or any abnormalities present in the image, it is difficult to provide a detailed report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of steroid use and uncontrolled eye pressure in the left eye, potentially indicating glaucoma. She underwent SLT, a method of glaucoma treatment, which lowered eye pressure. However, pressure has since increased so further treatment is recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07966.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old patient with history of gerd, ibs, migraine has dermatochalasis/ brow ptosis, non-significant cataract and is a glaucoma suspect. On latanoprost for intraocular pressure control. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note does not provide specific information about the presence or absence of glaucoma in the patient. An IOP check was conducted, which can be linked to diagnosing glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old patient with history of gerd, ibs, migraine has dermatochalasis/ brow ptosis, non-significant cataract and is a glaucoma suspect. On latanoprost for intraocular pressure control. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07989.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient was instructed to stop using latanoprost/xalatan and to use Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day for both eyes. The note indicates glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a large cdr in the right eye. This finding is consistent with the diagnosis of open angle glaucoma in the right eye, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07991.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a female with primary open-angle glaucoma/low tension glaucoma at a moderate stage. She has no history of allergies but has nonspecific defects in the visual field and optic nerve thinning. No vitreous prolapse identified. Cataract issues are also noted. She agreed to undergo surgery with identified risks. History of conjunctivitis noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07004.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "63-year-old black, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Inferior/temporal noted, posterior capsule intact. Used Creole interpreter."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be intact, and the optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07008.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye & is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has thalassemia and is being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes with a goal to maintain it under 10 mmHg. The patient is using Vyzulta medication. The physician has also considered using phaco/XEN gel stent in the future for additional IOP control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye & is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07016.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has open angle glaucoma, wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, and visually significant cataracts in both eyes. The patient is experiencing long-standing vision loss, potentially from macular degeneration or a dense cataract. They have elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. This means that there are no visible signs of abnormalities or pathological changes in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07019.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information about the presence of glaucoma or any other medical condition. The note mainly describes the process of patient care, consultation, and follow-up. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 65 year old pharmacy technician with a history of several conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. The notes suggest dry eye syndrome and the presence of cataracts in both eyes. The patient has shown a c/d asymmetry which may suggest glaucoma. A close monitoring is required."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information about the presence of glaucoma or any other medical condition. The note mainly describes the process of patient care, consultation, and follow-up. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, and there are no visible abnormalities. The optic nerve also appears to be normal, with no signs of damage or disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07023.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has eye/vision issues, suspected narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. Initial IOP was 30 in both eyes. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field in both eyes, more in left. Started on latanoprost. No surgical complications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that the retina appears healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07027.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient takes dorzolamide 2x/day in both eyes, methazolamide 50 mg orally 2x/day, and netarsudil 1x/night in both eyes for glaucoma. Labs to monitor kidney function due to medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of any pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient continues latanoprost for right eye at night time and reduced use of dorzolamide and brimonidine. Follow-up with glaucoma service in 1-2 weeks. Monitor for vision changes or eye pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07035.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Request for a return clinic appointment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "69-year-old black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Request for a return clinic appointment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. This means that the retina and optic nerve appear to be functioning properly and there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in left eye and mild in right eye, with no glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine. Also has cataracts and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma family history, no steroid or trauma events."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The vitreous appears clear, and the optic nerve is normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma worse in right eye, 524/530 CCT. Patient has no intolerance to glaucoma meds, stable testing results, and iop is good. Plan includes Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataracts and macular drusen. No diabetes. Will follow up with doctor for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that there are no visible signs of abnormalities or damage to the retina in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has Frisen 4 papilledema, nasal and inferior subretinal hemorrhages, superior preretinal hemorrhage, and peripapillary wrinkles indicating idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal appearance. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07048.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note discusses a detailed review and interpretation of tests, including ancillary studies, and discussion of patient management. No explicit mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. This means that the retina appears to be normal and free of any abnormalities or damage typically associated with diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07050.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Exam shows cupping on both eyes, no history of elevated intraocular pressure, no glaucomatous changes, mild nuclear sclerosis. No glaucoma present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07052.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is on medication for potential glaucoma. Takes latanoprost/xalatan once at night, dorzolamide/timolol 3x/day, and brimonidine/alphagan 2x/day in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The macula appears to be intact, and there is no evidence of any abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has corneal edema, poor view due to cornea, stable ARMD, and recurrent mild ERM. There's also mixed mechanism glaucoma, corneal opacity and edema. No signs of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and choroid. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note reported the patient suffering from conditions such as anxiety, anemia, migraine, prolactinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, among others, with no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or macular degeneration. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of glaucoma or optic nerve atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07066.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "80-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Also screened for COVID."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07067.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Glaucoma suspect in both eyes with recent deterioration noted on tests. Patient wanted second opinion. No medication intolerances and no previous glaucoma procedures. Cataract extraction performed. Assessment suggests primary open angle glaucoma with target IOP: 13. Recommended therapy includes selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07071.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension, lung cancer, anemia, among others. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina. In this case, the image appears to be normal, without any visible signs of the condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07073.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has chronic horizontal diplopia, glaucoma, ocular migraine, and convergence insufficiency. They have been referred for glaucoma management and pose a high risk of morbidity related to treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07074.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has raised ICP and optic disc drusen with possible IIH. She's recommended to continue methazolamide, weight loss and measures to reduce occipitocervical strain. She had cataract removal and amblyopia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has visual aura from cortical visual area dysfunction, with other frequent visual changes. A persistent scotoma suggests a retinal issue, but this is unconfirmed by imaging. Glaucoma is not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has raised ICP and optic disc drusen with possible IIH. She's recommended to continue methazolamide, weight loss and measures to reduce occipitocervical strain. She had cataract removal and amblyopia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and choroid. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic disc appears normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma. The vitreous is clear, and the anterior chamber is normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07087.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, stage unspecified. Medications include timolol and latanoprost eye drops. Tests completed for vision and optic nerve. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has had cataract surgery in both eyes and a YAG capsulotomy in the right eye. She has advanced glaucoma, which is affecting her vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, stage unspecified. Medications include timolol and latanoprost eye drops. Tests completed for vision and optic nerve. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and the retina appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07091.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 62-year-old patient had sudden vision loss in the left eye, but saw improvement after an injection. They have hyperopia and presbyopia, and open-angle glaucoma treated with latanoprost. Also, they're diabetic with a recent A1C of 8.1."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07092.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of open angle glaucoma due to cdr asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Current treatment is monitoring but there's a low threshold for initiating treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, and the optic nerve is also within normal limits. There are no signs of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has old pigment in vitreous and 3 barricaded hst. No new breaks/tears. Floater os becoming prominent. On metformin, HbA1c between 5.6%-6.8%. No diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07096.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma in patient Armand Chip J Bergeron."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and choroid. This means that the retina and choroid, which are important structures in the eye, appear to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07101.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has narrow angles in both eyes, worse in the right eye, but neither are occludable. They are a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history. Also, minimal cataract present in both eyes. A peripheral patch of drusen with retinal bleeding is also present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear normal in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07111.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "50-year-old IT professional with dry eye syndrome not responding to frequent artificial tears, glaucoma, and cataracts which are of minimal visual significance. Undertaking various treatments and monitoring symptoms.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07117.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "48 year old male with primary open angle glaucoma. Mild glaucoma in right eye, severe in the left. IOP too high in left eye. Medication changes made, may need further procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that the retina appears to be healthy and free of any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, with c/d ratio of 0.75 and 0.7. Significant macular edema noted in both eyes, along with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma medication intolerances, no family history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of hemorrhage, exudate, or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07139.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes with loss of central vision in the left eye. There's subjective worsening in the right eye despite intraocular pressure (IOP) in low teens. Considering their progression at low IOP, options for treatment could include low dose Diamox or micropulse diode laser."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07144.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient post orbital decompression with mild exodeviation, glaucoma suspected in left eye, stable testing. Dryness and drusen present, refractive error, treatment planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina. In this case, the image does not show any signs of this condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07149.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Underwent laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes. No contraindications to beta blocker or Alphagan. Recurrent disc hemorrhage in right eye but intraocular pressure (IOP) good. Dry eyes managed with artificial tears. Underwent pseudophakia and retinal detachment repair. On Cosopt, Travatan and Alphagan. IOP goal is 10 or less in right eye, and below 16 in left."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic disc. The optic disc appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of any abnormalities in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07165.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with advanced diffuse thinning. High IOP; added Rhopressa, continuing latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol and brimonidine. Also has cataract in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07167.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has high eye pressure (41/33 down to 23/17), suggesting glaucoma. Given Cosopt to lower pressure. Eyes dilated for exam. Normal ocular health except high intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy or other retinal vascular abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07168.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses, including glaucoma and good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Adherence to meds is emphasized; Latanoprost used; possible future use of Alphagan. Moderate risk of progression noted. Resort to preservative-free artificial tears for dry eyes was suggested."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. The retina appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07170.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests a presence of glaucoma. Findings include os temporal borderline thinning, superior thinning of both eye (slightly worsened), borderline temp and nasal thinning. Blepharitis noted with possible demodex. Stable IOP observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "61yo patient with history of trigeminal neuralgia, and post-operative inflammation treated with steroids had significantly pigment dispersion. Has glaucoma in right eye (od), likely due to uveitis, currently under control. Also has mild erm in right eye. Plan to control glaucoma and avoid future uveitis episodes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests a presence of glaucoma. Findings include os temporal borderline thinning, superior thinning of both eye (slightly worsened), borderline temp and nasal thinning. Blepharitis noted with possible demodex. Stable IOP observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, and the optic nerve is also within normal limits. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07171.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient exhibits a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer, associated with optic disc edema. Diagnosis: non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy os. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the eye appear to be normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07172.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is on dorzolamide at night for both eyes, brimonidine and rhopressa/netarsudil twice a day for the right eye. Potential medicines: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z. Glaucoma present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or other abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07173.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a suspected case of glaucoma with no medication and a family history of possible glaucoma. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions include early cataract, amblyopia, exotropia, and refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and choroid. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07175.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient scheduled for YAG capsulotomy in the right eye. No mention of glaucoma in the note. Follow-up also scheduled. Consent given to Zoe. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Male patient has hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism, and cataracts; new prescription improves vision to 20/20. Noted small cyst by puncta, not causing issues. Patient flagged as low suspicion glaucoma suspect due to borderline IOP and asymmetrical C/D. Significant alcohol use reported."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient scheduled for YAG capsulotomy in the right eye. No mention of glaucoma in the note. Follow-up also scheduled. Consent given to Zoe. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07183.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note provides no medical information or mention of glaucoma, it only gives instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07184.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "34-year-old female with myopia astigmatism, previous contact lens use but prefers glasses. She's a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio but shows normal results on OCT RNFL test; IOP at 15/15. She also has retinal lattice degeneration, for which referral to retina is recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is treated for glaucoma with various medications which may include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, cosopt, rhopressa, and vyzulta. Medications are applied to both eyes at different frequencies."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that there are no visible signs of abnormalities or damage to the retina in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07192.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any explicit information on the presence or absence of glaucoma. It talks about procedures like Humphrey Visual Field and OCT for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, and the optic nerve is also normal. There are no visible signs of abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07198.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of hypertension, sleep apnea, and is a glaucoma suspect with prior disc hemorrhage in right eye and cup/disc asymmetry. No disc hemorrhage found currently, no intervention needed but will continue to monitor. Also underwent strabismus surgeries, has dry eye syndrome and a history of allergic blepharitis. Allergic to benzyl salicylate and methylisothiazolonone. Refractive error present but no longer needs prism glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07202.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma and started on eye drops for a year. They have small but normal optic nerves in both eyes with no history of previous glaucoma surgery. The plan is to monitor the patient, with no glaucoma. The patient was counseled on the importance of lifelong follow-up and adherence to treatments to lower the risk of vision loss due to glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07204.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma with IOP 16/15, C/D 0.6/0.5. Superior thinning in right eye, borderline in left. HVF mean deviation -4.29 in right eye, +0.01 in left. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred for glaucoma evaluation due to high cup:disc ratio. No glaucoma detected, with healthy nerves in both eyes and appropriate intraocular pressure. Patient advised limiting eye steroid use."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma with IOP 16/15, C/D 0.6/0.5. Superior thinning in right eye, borderline in left. HVF mean deviation -4.29 in right eye, +0.01 in left. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07207.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has paracentral defect OD, inferior altitudinal defect OS, potentially indicative of glaucoma. No evidence of acute pathology. A neuro-ophthalmology follow-up is planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has a diagnosis of chronic angle closure glaucoma, more prominent in right eye. Current medications are Azopt, Vyzulta, Rhopressa & Brimonidine. Right eye has superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve, left eye has full RNFL. Patient cannot tolerance Simbrinza."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal appearance. There are no signs of retinal detachment, hemorrhage, or other abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient may face potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, double vision, retinal detachment, and needing further surgery. They provided consent, are not on ASA/blood thinners, and don't need special equipment. They're diabetic with topical anesthesia and will take pre-op meds. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and free of any significant abnormalities or pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to unequal cup/disc ratio and a potential new defect in the visual fields OD. Glaucoma medication, Alphagan, was stopped due to an allergic reaction. No family history of glaucoma. Eye pressure and OCT scans are normal. To recheck visual fields in 3-6 months. Other eye conditions and diabetes are stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and the retina appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is taking several medications, including glucosamine & chondroit, lenalidomide, levothyroxine, multivitamins, omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil, and zolpidem. There is no mention of glaucoma. List of conditions include osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, optic atrophy of left eye, etc."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of papilledema or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07229.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure above the goal in both eyes. Discussed treatment options, patient hesitant to begin treatment but may consider in future if condition worsens."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal vascular abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Intolerant to Vyzulta and brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layers show thinning, with visual field progression in right eye. Considering trabeculectomy due to IOP too high. Past cataract surgery in right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc and no signs of retinal detachment. The optic disc appears to be normal, with no visible abnormalities. Additionally, there is no evidence of retinal detachment in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07236.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma among other conditions including atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, mitral valve insufficiency, osteoarthritis of hip, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, rosacea, hiatal hernia, hypertension, lung nodules, and left side sciatica. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD), but no presence of glaucoma is stated. IOP of left eye (OS) is acceptable. Has allergic reaction to PG meds. Timolol showing excellent response."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma among other conditions including atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, mitral valve insufficiency, osteoarthritis of hip, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, rosacea, hiatal hernia, hypertension, lung nodules, and left side sciatica. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "66 yo woman suspected of glaucoma but of low suspicion, due to positive family history. Stable OCT RNFL; also has extramacular drusen, nuclear cataracts (not visually significant), and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient prescribed series of Prednisolone doses for both eyes and Dorzolamide for left eye 2x daily. Brimonidine also prescribed 2x a day for left eye. Potential glaucoma present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred by husband, does not have glaucoma and is not a suspect. Negative history for all glaucoma risk factors. Issues with vision clarity and navigation with glasses, likely due to progressive lenses. No glaucoma procedures or notable medical issues. Has mild, non-visually significant cataracts. Hyperopia in both eyes and uses progressive lenses. Recommended updating glasses prescription and using separate pairs for reading and distance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07261.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 59 y/o male with severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in the right eye. The left eye is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio. The patient had trauma and surgery but is now stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07264.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "70-year-old white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma or recurrence of trauma. Further examination planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has evidence of right optic neuropathy, questioning pale left optic nerve. Asymmetry of the optic nerve cups qualifies her as a glaucoma suspect. Regular eye exams and neurology follow-ups are recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy or other pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07273.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, history of acute angle closure in the right eye and hyperopia. Closed gonioscopy was reported in both eyes. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes. No medications as intraocular pressure is fine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears normal, and there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy or other retinal pathologies."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07275.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 61 y/o male patient from medical billing had a general eye exam due to referral from Glaucoma services. He has anisometropia, presbyopia, dry eye syndrome, insignificant cataracts, and mild stage, primary open-angle glaucoma. Family history includes glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The optic nerve appears to be of normal caliber, and there are no signs of papilledema. The retina appears to be healthy, with no visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07278.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient lost to followup 2017-2019, no fam history of glaucoma, no steroid or trauma, recent diagnosis with hyperthyroidism. Current issue likely related to glaucoma, needs regular monitoring and adherence to treatment to lower vision loss risk."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic disc. The optic disc appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of any abnormalities in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note suggests a normal eye exam with no signs of glaucoma, as evidenced by a normal c/d ratio (0.3 & 0.25). No immediate follow-up specified."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic disc. The retina appears to be healthy, and the optic disc, which is the point where the optic nerve enters the eye, also appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07282.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has ocular hypertension under control but non-adherent in the past and displays signs of thinning CCT. VFS unreliable. There's no pathologic cupping but shown temporal defect OD, paracentral changes OS. Also suffers from a visually significant cataract OS affecting ADLs but is delaying surgery. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and the vitreous is clear."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has history of strabismus and underwent multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction. Also had cataract surgery in both eyes with intraocular lens placement. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the eye appear to be normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07290.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cataract in both eyes, dry eye, and borderline elevated intraocular pressure (possible glaucoma). Normal OCT of RNFL in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No evidence of glaucoma is found in the patient. Their intraocular pressure (IOP) is higher in the left eye than the right. Yearly examinations are planned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cataract in both eyes, dry eye, and borderline elevated intraocular pressure (possible glaucoma). Normal OCT of RNFL in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal detachment or other retinal pathology. The vitreous appears clear, and there is no evidence of vitreous haze. The macula appears normal, and there is no evidence of macular pathology. The retinal pigment epithelium appears normal, and there is no evidence of choroidal pathology. The optic disc appears normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07291.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has myopia in both eyes, astigmatism in left eye, and dry eye syndrome in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned. Intraocular pressure goals set for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears to be normal, and the retina appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has mild OD and is suspected to have OS glaucoma. Undergoing OCT RNFL and HVF 24-2 monitoring. No medication prescribed. Return to glaucoma clinic scheduled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. However, it is important to note that a normal retina does not necessarily rule out all possible eye conditions or diseases. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to assess the patient's overall eye health."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient seen for glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis measured. Retinal nerve layer thinning and visual field depression observed. Other conditions: obesity, asthma, left parietal lobe CVA and atrial fibrillation. Decision is to monitor closely without initiating treatment.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and the retina appears to be normal as well. The macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, also appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07310.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note discusses patient's potential high-to-moderate risk of visual or neurological complications, possibly related to glaucoma. Management, including social and health aspects, communicated to doctor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "80-year-old woman has hemorrhagic pvd od, posterior vitreous detachment os, visual aura with no migraine, cataract, mild dry eye, and is a glaucoma suspect with an IOP of 24/23. She's advised to start latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note discusses patient's potential high-to-moderate risk of visual or neurological complications, possibly related to glaucoma. Management, including social and health aspects, communicated to doctor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07312.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has known glaucoma and macular degeneration. Details include open angle glaucoma and moderate pseudoexfoliative os. Patient had stopped using Xalatan, and this led to progression. Current treatment to continue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina. The absence of this condition in the image is a positive finding."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The male patient has risk factors for open angle glaucoma, including asymmetrical cup to disc ratio, race, and age. His intraocular pressure is 14/17. He has cataract and allergies and is advised to avoid certain medications. New prescription for astigmatism and presbyopia was given. Patient monitored for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07319.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred to clinic for potential glaucoma, goals set for intraocular pressure in both eyes. Monitoring blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol, and using artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. This suggests that there are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the retina and optic nerve at the time the image was taken."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07324.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has worsening visual symptoms, increased optic nerve edema and asymptomatic exophoria. Impression indicates cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, optic disc edema, and a visual disturbance. There's no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The retina appears to be healthy and functioning properly."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07340.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's iris is changing color, patient is okay with this. On timolol and PERSON, both for eyes. Return to glaucoma clinic for left eye visual field evaluation. Also has AMD."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The retina appears to be healthy and functioning properly."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07342.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Male patient with suspicion of glaucoma due to family history. Partially blind from birth and has thin retinal nerve fiber layer. Mild cataract detected, visual acuity uncorrected 20/15. Visual disturbance stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. Additionally, there is no evidence of retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient seen and assessed for glaucoma. No glaucoma medication intolerances noted. There's normal tension glaucoma, moderate to severe, in the left eye with IOP too high. Patient elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty. Patient also has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07349.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, indicating possible glaucoma. Treatments include latanoprost, rhopressa, and pf ats as prescribed. Previously underwent phaco/xen gel stent and slt 360\u00f8 procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07351.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack (TIA), including MRI and MRA. They also have bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis but are asymptomatic. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07353.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's pre-visit symptom screening was conducted with no presence of symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell. They had no contact with COVID-19. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07359.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under treatment for glaucoma, using several eyedrops: timolol 2x/day, brimonidine 3x/day, dorzolamide 3x/day, vyzulta 1x/night, and an oral pill, acetazolamide/diamox. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis (sarcoid type), cataract in left eye not worth extracting due to severe gon, and inactive sarcoid uveitis in the right eye. Medical therapy has escalated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under treatment for glaucoma, using several eyedrops: timolol 2x/day, brimonidine 3x/day, dorzolamide 3x/day, vyzulta 1x/night, and an oral pill, acetazolamide/diamox. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and no signs of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07362.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is seen for eye/vision problems and has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, of an indeterminate stage. The target intraocular pressure is 13. The patient is using latanoprost for reduction of eye pressure. Testing and monitoring to continue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07369.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and eye cupping - possible glaucoma. Visual field normal. Prescription assigned. Yearly follow-up with tests recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear to be normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07374.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "MRI showed pachymeningeal dural enhancement, no high intracranial pressure. Mild optic disc swelling and recent weight gain suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07389.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07392.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note mentions various conditions like anxiety, psoriasis, acne, and osteoporosis, among others, but does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures within the eye appear normal in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07397.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient with a family history of glaucoma (mother), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, thick cornea, and history of head trauma, has moderate stage glaucoma in left eye (os) and mild in the right (od). No history of steroid use. Experienced an allergy to Trusopt. Overall, intraocular pressure is stable under medication.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, worse in left eye and is on latanoprost. Lowering intraocular pressure has been advised. Underwent cataract extraction elsewhere. Other diagnoses include diplopia & glaucoma suspicion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient with a family history of glaucoma (mother), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, thick cornea, and history of head trauma, has moderate stage glaucoma in left eye (os) and mild in the right (od). No history of steroid use. Experienced an allergy to Trusopt. Overall, intraocular pressure is stable under medication.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or other abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "64-year-old male has coloboma since birth, cataract od, amblyopia od, and PERSON nevus os. Relative had glaucoma. Stable condition, advised to wear eye protection. New glasses prescribed. No retinopathy, but high a1c. Mild cat os."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, with no visible abnormalities. This means that the retina appears healthy and free of any significant issues."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07407.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has dry eyes and history of ocular hypertension. Stable intraocular pressure, possibly treated with Xalatan. Glaucoma is not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07409.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal in both eyes. They're off glaucoma medication, but under close watch. Also on preservative-free artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07411.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient presents with bilateral optic nerve swelling and blurry vision, worse in the left eye, and has experienced transient vision loss. There's no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear normal in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07415.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high eye pressure in the left eye (35.1, 34, 18) indicating possible glaucoma. Treatment includes brimonidine, latanoprost, muro 128, and reduced pred frequency. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 65-year-old female patient has a history of ocular hypertension, managed intraocular pressure, and no presence of glaucoma. A moderate cataract may impact vision. No diabetic retinopathy noted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high eye pressure in the left eye (35.1, 34, 18) indicating possible glaucoma. Treatment includes brimonidine, latanoprost, muro 128, and reduced pred frequency. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07417.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has ocular hypertension, but no diagnosis of glaucoma. Also suffers from migraines, hypothyroidism, anxiety, perimenopause, depression, headaches, hypercholesterolemia, and asthma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, the vitreous appears clear."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 56-year-old male patient has diabetes mellitus type 2 and pigmented dispersion in both eyes. He shows no signs of glaucoma. He also has a small, stable choroidal nevus in right eye, non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes and a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment. However, there are some findings of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes and a small area of subretinal fluid in the right eye. These findings may indicate an underlying issue or abnormality, and further evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the cause and appropriate treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07421.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye and moderate in the left, with severe optic nerve damage in both eyes. It is recommended they undergo trabeculectomy surgery. Left eye also needs iridotomy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07427.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of glaucoma and is allergic to brimonidine. They need to have stable IOP, visual fields and OCT. The right eye has pigment dispersion syndrome. The left eye has mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. This means that the retina and optic nerve appear normal, and there are no visible signs of disease or injury in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07431.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suffers from dry eyes, and feels current treatment (Xiidra) is inadequate. There's also dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, and cataracts present in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient with history of hypertension, heart problems, and open angle glaucoma in both eyes, had trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Other conditions include blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, allergic conjunctivitis, anisocoria, and subretinal pigment changes. Treatment includes multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of any pathological changes in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07453.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment with ongoing mild discomfort. Additionally, they have posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane and visual field defects. Glaucoma is questioned, however, current evaluations are inconsistent with the condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07454.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "This clinical note is regarding a patient who underwent a constellation 23-gauge vitrectomy and scleral buckle insertion in the left eye. There are no active problem and no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of papilledema or optic nerve atrophy. The macula appears to be normal, with no signs of macular degeneration. The vitreous appears to be clear, with no signs of vitreous haze or vitreous hemorrhage."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07457.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "65-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma, undergoing treatment and showing some progression. Significant family history present. Glaucoma needs further management for effective control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07471.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has cataracts and macular pucker in both eyes, with macular pucker more severe in the left eye. Glaucoma is suspected in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal structure. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or other abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07473.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma on OS with notable family history. Post-dilation IOP was 18/19. Diurnal IOP varies between 8-14mm Hg. OCT shows superior progression and likely VF worsening. Also has breast cancer and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07481.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on asymmetric nerve appearance with larger optic nerve in right eye. Both eyes have a normal examination with good intraocular pressure, full visual fields, and full retinal nerve fiber layers. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has progressed glaucoma, evidenced by a 24-2 HVF test. Surgery has been performed on the left eye, and another on the right eye for worsening myopic shift. The patient is monitored regularly."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on asymmetric nerve appearance with larger optic nerve in right eye. Both eyes have a normal examination with good intraocular pressure, full visual fields, and full retinal nerve fiber layers. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear to be normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07487.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect referred for consultation. No prior treatment for glaucoma. She has myopia and is a breast cancer survivor in remission. OCT test shows potential early signs of glaucoma. She agreed to a follow-up appointment for monitoring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient, a female with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, URLb, gerd, sarcoidosis, cva fell in location, resulting in a right orbital fracture, but with no significant issues. Eye exam indicates optic disc cupping, excellent intraocular pressure, and a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect referred for consultation. No prior treatment for glaucoma. She has myopia and is a breast cancer survivor in remission. OCT test shows potential early signs of glaucoma. She agreed to a follow-up appointment for monitoring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07488.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "41-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect, using latanoprost 3-4 times weekly. Vision is stable. Also experiences occasional migraines. Additionally has astigmatism. Family history of glaucoma. At risk for glaucoma-related vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal or choroidal lesions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07489.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is advised to continue using Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma. Non-adherence to medication is mentioned. Considering surgical options if condition worsens. Artificial tears are recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07498.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been informed about the potential for permanent iris color change due to therapy. No evidence of narrow angles, suggestive of glaucoma was found in the exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated initially with a target IOP of 14. Some glaucoma medications caused side effects or didn't lower IOP. Additionally, the patient underwent cataract surgery and blepharoplasty."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been informed about the potential for permanent iris color change due to therapy. No evidence of narrow angles, suggestive of glaucoma was found in the exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The vitreous is clear, and the retina is intact. The image is described as normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07501.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has eye syndrome, stable blepharitis, and refractive error in both eyes. No glaucoma medications were noted. Intraocular pressure goals are set at \u226417mmhg for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, with no signs of macular degeneration, retinal detachment, or other abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07513.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68-year-old female has open-angle glaucoma with moderate severity in right eye, mild in the left due to high eye pressure (IOP 34/26). She has a family history of glaucoma and mild cataract. She was allergic to brimonidine. Treatment includes Rhopressa and Latanoprost. Adherence and lifelong follow-up emphasized to prevent permanent vision loss. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has ocular cupping but no glaucoma, with no elevation in intraocular pressure. Corneal thickness normal. Visual field and OCT show no changes. Presence of floaters."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68-year-old female has open-angle glaucoma with moderate severity in right eye, mild in the left due to high eye pressure (IOP 34/26). She has a family history of glaucoma and mild cataract. She was allergic to brimonidine. Treatment includes Rhopressa and Latanoprost. Adherence and lifelong follow-up emphasized to prevent permanent vision loss. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07519.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is excellent and they suffer from blepharitis, epiretinal membrane/high myopia, mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome, and myopic degeneration. Glaucoma isn't mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07521.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma, under treatment with Cosopt and Rhopressa. Blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol control encouraged. If intraocular pressure (IOP) escalates or affordability issues with Rhopressa occur, PGA or SLT to be considered."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07525.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. black, non-Hispanic male, HIV positive, hyperthyroidism, no glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on visit date.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "73 yo with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prostate cancer & seizures. Has increased cup to disc (c/d), stable intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT) & HVF, suggesting glaucoma. Also has cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. black, non-Hispanic male, HIV positive, hyperthyroidism, no glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on visit date.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07532.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a female with a history of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, asthma, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. They previously had a choroidal lesion in the eye which needs monitoring. The patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to potential risks given her age, race and other health factors. The patient also has mild hyperopia, presbyopia, cataracts, and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. This means that the retina appears to be normal and free of any abnormalities or damage related to diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07534.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 80-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio. She also has macular drusen and a family history of poor vision. The patient also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has post-operative phaco/pciol ou."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07537.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The male patient is being evaluated for prostate cancer, has a refractive error but good vision with glasses. He is also a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the disease and has tried Xalatan. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is fluctuating. He has lattice retinal degeneration and pseudophakia, both stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07539.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "36-year-old female with cupping of optic nerve and myopia with astigmatism - mild change in left eye. No family history of glaucoma; IOP is 16/16. Slight des in left eye. Will monitor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07541.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Possible left optic neuropathy or retinopathy detected during clinic visit. Glaucoma not mentioned. Patient counselling and care coordination conducted."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Additionally, there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07545.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has cupping OU, suspicious for glaucoma, IOP at upper limit, mild nuclear sclerosis, and refractive error. Normal fields & pachymetry observed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07551.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye. IOP under control. Past procedures include trabeculectomy in right eye, SLT in left eye. Showing signs of psc cataract and CRVO. Last phacoemulsification surgeries achieved targeted refraction plan. Also history of thyroid cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07570.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has an active status and is undergoing treatment for conditions including diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and glaucoma. Medications include Lipitor, Cialis, and Metformin."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07575.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "70-year-old female with history of breast cancer and ptosis repair. Improved symptoms and ocular surface from warm compresses and lid hygiene. Supplemented with flax seed/fish oil. Suspected glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry, with intraocular pressure at 16/15, previously 19/20 and 17/18. No family history of glaucoma. Hyperopia and twitching also present. Incipient cataract monitored. Lid dermatitis treated with Avenova and Tobradex.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears normal, and the retina appears normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07587.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. Normal optic nerves & visual fields. No history of glaucoma procedures. Father has ocular hypertension. Central corneal thickness: 579/581. Plan: Monitoring, possible treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The vitreous is clear, and the retina is intact. The image is described as normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07588.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, intolerances to several glaucoma medications, and a family history of blindness. Treatment includes selective laser trabeculoplasty and alphagan p. Also, the patient has choroidal nevus and cataracts in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient likely has low tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye and early stage in the left. There is evidence of myopia and posterior vitreous detachment, with previously reported hemorrhagic PVD in the left. No new symptoms."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, intolerances to several glaucoma medications, and a family history of blindness. Treatment includes selective laser trabeculoplasty and alphagan p. Also, the patient has choroidal nevus and cataracts in both eyes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07591.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild amblyopia, history of staph marginal keratitis, and iritis. No signals of glaucoma or autoimmune diseases. Cataract is in initial stage."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The optic disc appears normal, and there is no evidence of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07592.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "50-year-old male, suspect for glaucoma due to large c/d ratio, but no family history. IOP normal, CCT thick. Minor superior thinning in right eye. Presbyopia present."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07593.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to family history, increased cupping, c/d asymmetry, myopia and race. Both parents have issues- mother on medication and father is a suspect too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, and is at higher risk due to their father's history of the disease. They had a soccer ball trauma and require eyedrops and patching."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to family history, increased cupping, c/d asymmetry, myopia and race. Both parents have issues- mother on medication and father is a suspect too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07597.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently stable and has mild papilledema and left optic atrophy seemingly due to past pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. There's no presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07599.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "55 yo patient with hypertension, history of multiple CVAs, and substance abuse has vision changes, no significant retinopathy or edema but vessel attenuation noted. Bilateral abnormalities on CT chest suggestive of malignancy. No glaucoma, normal IOP."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07600.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma, possibly due to steroid response. Suffered from ocular hypertension; IOP improved slightly after stopping steroid nasal spray. Opted to start on latanoprost for treatment. No family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. The retina appears to be healthy, and there are no visible abnormalities in the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07604.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes a neuro-ophthalmologic examination conducted on a patient. However, there is no reference or mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has optic nerve head drusen, causing moderate visual field loss in her left eye and bilateral reduction in ganglion cell complex. Unclear presence of latent hyperopia. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes a neuro-ophthalmologic examination conducted on a patient. However, there is no reference or mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal appearance. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears healthy and without any visible abnormalities or signs of disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07610.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 72-year-old patient, a glaucoma suspect, has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea. They had two phaco/pciol procedures. Glaucoma is present in their family history. The patient uses brimonidine, and the intraocular pressure remains unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on nightly prednisolone for right eye and daily for left, shake well before use. Alternative medications listed. Contact glaucoma department for issues or inquiries, and in emergencies.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 72-year-old patient, a glaucoma suspect, has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea. They had two phaco/pciol procedures. Glaucoma is present in their family history. The patient uses brimonidine, and the intraocular pressure remains unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The retina appears to be healthy and functioning properly."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07617.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has glaucoma & is on dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost eye drops twice daily and nightly respectively. Also receives leuprolide injections every 3 months. Other conditions include backache, prostate cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07622.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on Vyzulta (1x/night), Dorzolamide (2x/day), and Brimonidine (3x/day) for both eyes, suggesting a presence of glaucoma. Alternative medications are mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image appears to be normal. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina, optic nerve, or surrounding structures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07624.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note indicates presence of cupping in both eyes, borderline superior thinning in the right eye, and thick central corneal thickness. No glaucoma indicated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic nerve and retina. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and the retina appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07625.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has pterygium, nuclear sclerosis, and cupping in both eyes. Glaucoma unlikely. Normal visual field, stable retina, thinning temp, and refractive error found."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the eye appear normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07630.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 56-year-old male with low suspicion of glaucoma. Risks include high myopia and DM2. His eyes show thin rnfl and gcl, but it's attributed to myopia. His sugar levels are under control, with a good a1c. He has a family history of AMD, a presence of a few drusen, high myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia, and dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and surrounding structures appear normal in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07631.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of migraine aura. She prefers treating her infrequent migraines. Referral to retina clinic suggested for possible white dot syndrome, outer retinal lesion. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient, a 48-year-old female, has mild myopia astigmatism with early presbyopia but not glaucoma. However, she is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio. No family history of glaucoma. She also has retinal lattice degeneration."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of migraine aura. She prefers treating her infrequent migraines. Referral to retina clinic suggested for possible white dot syndrome, outer retinal lesion. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07640.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has cataract, pseudophakia, and aphakia in both eyes. Conditions are potentially visually-significant but stable. Also suffering from dry eye syndrome. Goal is to maintain intraocular pressure under certain level. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07646.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "69-year-old female with history of glaucoma suspicion. Glaucoma tests resulted in non-specific defects in both eyes. Right eye reliability was good, left eye reliability was borderline."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07647.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has undergone DCR in the left eye, thermal keratoplasty in the right eye, has cataracts in both eyes, physiologic cupping, dry eyes and refractive error. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient discussed cataract surgery for right eye; risks including pain, bleeding, infection, inflammation, and others, were discussed. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has undergone DCR in the left eye, thermal keratoplasty in the right eye, has cataracts in both eyes, physiologic cupping, dry eyes and refractive error. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07648.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe open-angle glaucoma in left eye, but cause of asymmetry is unclear. Experienced minimal inflammation and had successful surgery. Reaction to medicine but is currently tolerating. Following trab and bleb needle revision, inflammation improved and pressure is low. Also has cataract in right eye/pseudophakia in left and corneal degeneration in left eye with previous significant pain. Treatments planned and vision rehab referral given. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "60 y/o female with narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes, risking acute angle-closure glaucoma and vision loss. Will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe open-angle glaucoma in left eye, but cause of asymmetry is unclear. Experienced minimal inflammation and had successful surgery. Reaction to medicine but is currently tolerating. Following trab and bleb needle revision, inflammation improved and pressure is low. Also has cataract in right eye/pseudophakia in left and corneal degeneration in left eye with previous significant pain. Treatments planned and vision rehab referral given. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment. The retina appears to be intact, and there are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07665.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post phaco/IOL procedure shows good result & stable intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma in left eye controlled with Lumigan. Asymptomatic cataract in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient experiences decreased vision and is set on a target of 12 for both eyes. Previous high intraocular pressure caused some expected progression after reduction, hinting at glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post phaco/IOL procedure shows good result & stable intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma in left eye controlled with Lumigan. Asymptomatic cataract in right eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The absence of diabetic retinopathy in the image is a positive finding, indicating that the patient's retina appears to be healthy and free of this condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a suspect of open angle glaucoma with no history of family illness, steroids or trauma. No glaucoma procedures have been performed and patient takes no medication. Patient exhibits myopic discs and has requested full glaucoma tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or macular degeneration. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of glaucoma or optic nerve atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07668.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma in the patient. The assessment includes reviews of previous notes and test results. Risks involved are high for therapy/major surgery, and moderate from drug management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and choroid. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07670.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note provides instructions for a patient's surgery prep, such as pre-bathing, not wearing jewelry, refraining from certain cosmetics, and removing contact lenses. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and there are no signs of any pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07671.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "56-year-old male, glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio but with low suspicion. Family history of glaucoma from grandmother. He has pingueculae and refractive error but deferred glasses prescription."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07673.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. Posterior capsulotomy discussed but deferred."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 54-year-old female with uveitic glaucoma - mild in the right eye, moderate in the left. Her central corneal thickness is 642/553, with a history of corneal edema in her right eye. She doesn't have medication intolerance. She is on cosopt, Namenda, and more. Other conditions include anterior uveitis, CME, and retinoschisis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be normal and free of any abnormalities or damage related to diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07684.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 y.o. patient followed up for glaucoma screening; no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and no active pigment dispersion were observed. Glaucoma risk discussed. Patient to be observed for blur/halos after exercise. Also suffers from posterior vitreous detachment and refractive error. New glasses prescribed. To follow up in 1 year. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "52-year-old patient with stable history of multiple sclerosis; no history of optic neuritis. Uses Omega 3 and artificial tears; wears scleral lenses for myopia. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 y.o. patient followed up for glaucoma screening; no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and no active pigment dispersion were observed. Glaucoma risk discussed. Patient to be observed for blur/halos after exercise. Also suffers from posterior vitreous detachment and refractive error. New glasses prescribed. To follow up in 1 year. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07689.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "70-year-old female with diagnosed open angle glaucoma: severe stage in left eye (OS), mild in right eye (OD). On eye drops since diagnosis. Likely allergic to Trusopt. May need filtration surgery on OS. Continues follow-up with Dr.PERSON."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07693.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has pinguecula, dry eyes, refractive error, borderline optic nerve cupping in both eyes. No glaucoma, trauma or steroids use. OCT and perimetry normal. Plan is glasses and eye treatments."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07700.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient, Marianne D Cotter, has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes post SLT intervention. There's noted central corneal thickness and hemorrhage on the interior disc. No history of other health issues."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears to be healthy and free of any visible abnormalities or pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07702.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous conditions including a hypertensive disorder, asthma, depressive disorder, seasonal allergic rhinitis, osteopenia, and glaucoma. No recent immunizations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, migraines, ulcerative colitis, essential hypertension, hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, and fatigue. There's no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous conditions including a hypertensive disorder, asthma, depressive disorder, seasonal allergic rhinitis, osteopenia, and glaucoma. No recent immunizations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears healthy and without any visible abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07704.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "50-year-old male with history of hypertension, suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry in his eyes (mainly left). Also has posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts and moderate myopia. No interventions needed, just monitoring."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07710.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Will follow-up for tests, including IOP check, dilation, disc photos, and OCT RNFL. Majority of visit spent on glaucoma counseling."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina with no abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well. The macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, appears to be normal in this image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07711.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient was recommended for glaucoma monitoring due to mild cupping and family history. The diagnosis is glaucoma suspect, associated with possible superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07712.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient showed marked improvement in visual fields, particularly in the depth of the temporal defect. His visual function has significantly improved since his last visit. He has a residual tumor from pituitary apoplexy and bilateral visual loss. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has pituitary adenoma, elevated prolactin levels, and bi-temporal visual field defect resulting in reduced central acuity. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient showed marked improvement in visual fields, particularly in the depth of the temporal defect. His visual function has significantly improved since his last visit. He has a residual tumor from pituitary apoplexy and bilateral visual loss. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The absence of diabetic retinopathy in the image is a positive finding, indicating that the patient's retina appears to be healthy and free of any significant abnormalities related to diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07714.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female, with no glaucoma diagnosis. She's a low risk POAG suspect based on C/D risk factors, with no family history of glaucoma or blindness. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on Travatan nightly for both eyes, and Pred Forte twice daily for the left eye. OCT is scheduled for the right eye. Glaucoma status not specified.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female, with no glaucoma diagnosis. She's a low risk POAG suspect based on C/D risk factors, with no family history of glaucoma or blindness. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient had prior eye surgery, no known medication intolerance. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is good without meds. Full RNFL OCT & possible superior arc on HVF detected, suggesting possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07725.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient gateway activation information is ready for use. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient likely has primary open-angle glaucoma predominantly in the left eye, with noticeable cupping and inferior depression. Also has thin central corneal thickness in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Patient gateway activation information is ready for use. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07727.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on continued latanoprost for glaucoma. Finds OCT tedious. Stable choroidal nevus in right eye. History of rosacea blepharitis, keratitis and chalazion. Residual chalazion present. PCO not significant, will monitor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal optic disc and no signs of retinal detachment. The optic disc appears to be healthy, and there is no evidence of any abnormalities or issues in the retina."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07734.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old new patient, suspected of glaucoma by an optometrist due to a large c/d ratio. Black race with no family history of the disease. Tests are overall low suspicion, yet will return for follow-up in one year. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to myopia and race with increased cup-to-disk ratio. Thin retinal nerve fiber layer, glaucomatous notch in right eye, showed compliance with latanoprost. Has hypertensive retinopathy, history of smoking, and sees floaters; warned about retinal detachment symptoms. Also, mild cataracts, an inferior peripheral scar in left eye. Patient diagnosed with pre-diabetes due to slightly elevated HbA1c."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old new patient, suspected of glaucoma by an optometrist due to a large c/d ratio. Black race with no family history of the disease. Tests are overall low suspicion, yet will return for follow-up in one year. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures within the eye appear to be normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07747.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy causing vision loss and diplopia. No glaucoma mentioned. Currently on Actemra, she has difficulty getting refills. Noted optic neuropathy and visual loss are stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The retina appears to be healthy and functioning properly."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07756.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "68-year-old female patient has glaucoma suspicion due to cup/disc asymmetry (right > left eye). Also has cataract in both eyes, pingueculitis in the right eye treated with steroids, and blepharitis primary in the posterior and choroidal nevus in the right eye. Monitor required."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina, optic disc, and macula. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07760.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has NAION in left eye. Also diagnosed with OSA, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Measures suggested for risk reduction. No mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. Additionally, there is no evidence of any abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07764.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old male patient presents for follow up. Has ocular hypertension with 16/21 IOP and cupping asymmetry. No signs of glaucoma with WNL OCT and full vision fields. Also has dry eye but doing well. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a refractive error, narrow angles, dry eye syndrome, meibomian gland dysfunction, mild cataracts, and is a glaucoma suspect due to cupping. Their conditions are being monitored."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old male patient presents for follow up. Has ocular hypertension with 16/21 IOP and cupping asymmetry. No signs of glaucoma with WNL OCT and full vision fields. Also has dry eye but doing well. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of papilledema or optic nerve atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07774.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male with no glaucoma diagnosis. Advised to continue prescribed eye care routine and follow-up for va/iop ou. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma and cataracts. Under medications like Travatan, Dorzolamide, and Brimonidine. Eye procedures conducted include cataract extraction and hydrus procedure. Also suffers from COPD and anxiety."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male with no glaucoma diagnosis. Advised to continue prescribed eye care routine and follow-up for va/iop ou. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07780.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, severe, in both eyes with inferior > superior thinning. Also had retinal detachment history in both eyes and controlled dm without retinopathy. No medication intolerance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina and optic disc. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07781.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66yo patient has a history of various conditions including hypercholesterolemia, PERSON's syndrome, GERD, depression, and recurrent erosion syndrome. They also underwent various surgical procedures. No presence of glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has bilateral orbital metastases, posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes, and a retinal hole in right eye. No new choroidal metastases or signs of glaucoma noted. Continual observation recommended."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66yo patient has a history of various conditions including hypercholesterolemia, PERSON's syndrome, GERD, depression, and recurrent erosion syndrome. They also underwent various surgical procedures. No presence of glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no abnormalities detected in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07785.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient may have ocular hypertension or mild primary open-angle glaucoma with high IOP in both eyes. They were prescribed latanoprost and voted to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty. Also, they have mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures in the back of the eye appear normal in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07797.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with more severe symptoms in the right eye (OD) than in the left (OS). There are issues with medication compliance. A visually significant cataract in the left eye has been noted, and surgery is desired. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes and a history of steroid responsive intraocular pressure (IOP) glaucoma. They've experienced side effects with Alphagan and Neptazane. Attempts to lower IOP were unsuccessful; target IOP is <19. They have pseudophakia (artificial lens), have had a YAG procedure, and have posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Current plan is to lower IOP with Vyzulta if affordable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with more severe symptoms in the right eye (OD) than in the left (OS). There are issues with medication compliance. A visually significant cataract in the left eye has been noted, and surgery is desired. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07800.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in left eye, dry eyes in both eyes, and corrective vision due to age. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has bi-temporal visual field defects, possibly from hydrocephalus, and elevated intraocular pressure. Also shows glaucomatous changes. MRI of brain recommended to examine central structures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in left eye, dry eyes in both eyes, and corrective vision due to age. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The retina appears to be free of any abnormalities or pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07801.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient using preservative-free artificial tears, reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Next appointment for IOP check and disc photos. Possible future treatments: repeat SLT OD, SLT OS, Lumigan QHS OU if needed. Glaucoma not mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that plays a crucial role in vision. A normal retina indicates that the patient's retina appears healthy and functioning properly."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07807.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma with risk factors including familial suspicion. There's no history of long-term steroid use or trauma. They haven't undergone any glaucoma procedures or taken any medication for it. They've been diagnosed with a dermal nevus, central serous retinopathy, and non-visually significant cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has risk factors for glaucoma, which include hypertension, age, race, type 2 diabetes, and high eye pressure. The patient's glaucoma concern is currently prioritized over their cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma with risk factors including familial suspicion. There's no history of long-term steroid use or trauma. They haven't undergone any glaucoma procedures or taken any medication for it. They've been diagnosed with a dermal nevus, central serous retinopathy, and non-visually significant cataracts. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07809.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note mentions the presence of glaucoma. It also mentions appointments and orders for the patient, such as an ambulatory referral to ophthalmology and tests for both eyes. Additionally, the patient has anemia and facial palsy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup to disc ratio in left eye more than right. Evidence of borderline thinning in OD and OS observed on OCT RNFL. Also reports dry eyes and chronic left temporal headache. Follow up in 6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note mentions the presence of glaucoma. It also mentions appointments and orders for the patient, such as an ambulatory referral to ophthalmology and tests for both eyes. Additionally, the patient has anemia and facial palsy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07822.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient on Lumigan and Brimonidine for eye treatment. Rhopressa to be started. Adherence to medication emphasized. Regular check-ups and potential for future changes to treatment plan discussed. Moderate glaucoma risk."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07830.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Pepcid order submitted for review. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The note mentions a 68-year-old female patient with a past medical history of hypertension and high lipid levels. She has had a Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the right eye. Though glaucoma is not specifically mentioned, she has a cataract in both eyes.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Pepcid order submitted for review. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and the optic nerve is also normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07839.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient considered low suspicion glaucoma suspect; dad is on drops; raised intraocular pressure. OCT RNFL normal, HVF stable. Noted hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "74-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, shows signs of ocular hypertension; has a family history of glaucoma. No diabetes-linked retinopathy found. She will start treatment for intraocular pressure control. Also noted are senile cataract and blepharitis. No mention of present glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient considered low suspicion glaucoma suspect; dad is on drops; raised intraocular pressure. OCT RNFL normal, HVF stable. Noted hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, more severe in the left eye (OS). The optic nerves are cupped. Field loss and thinning could align with glaucoma, but progression despite good intraocular pressure control recommends MRI."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina and optic nerve appear normal, without any signs of disease or injury."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred from ER for lens particle glaucoma, had persistent iritis, cme and elevated iop after cataract extraction. Also has steroid response issue in left eye. No known glaucoma history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina, with no visible abnormalities. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well. The macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, also appears to be normal. The vitreous, which is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, is also normal. The choroid, which is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the retina and the sclera, also appears to be normal. The sclera, which is the white, outer protective layer of the eye, also appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07857.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient has left eye cataract and suspected glaucoma due to eye cupping, but no iop elevation. Normal OCT, cortical blindness in superior left field due to CVA."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07869.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma, based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio. Though she previously used travatan, she currently doesn't use it. She doesn't have diabetic retinopathy or a significant cataract. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient previously had SLT procedure for both eyes and has early glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected in left. Also shows optic nerve thinning in both eyes. Medication intolerances include latanoprost due to iris pigment change."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma, based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio. Though she previously used travatan, she currently doesn't use it. She doesn't have diabetic retinopathy or a significant cataract. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic disc appears normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07881.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's angles open on gonioscopy, safe to dilate but deferred due to driving. Needs non-urgent dilated diabetic screening; suspected glaucoma. Lives in Everett. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "72-year-old male with not visually significant cataract, and possible risk of glaucoma due to maternal history. Started on Timolol due to disc hemorrhage OD, but no improvement in intraocular pressure. Also has T2DM, refractive error, and corneal abrasion OS."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's angles open on gonioscopy, safe to dilate but deferred due to driving. Needs non-urgent dilated diabetic screening; suspected glaucoma. Lives in Everett. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal, with no signs of papilledema or optic nerve atrophy. The vitreous appears clear, with no signs of vitreous haze or hemorrhage. The fundus image is considered normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07889.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient suspected of having glaucoma based on c:d asymmetry. Family history denies. Eye pressure under control. Follow-up planned for further tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07899.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "63-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Attended necessary medical appointment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07902.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with normal hvf and stable oct. Treatment with Cosopt continues while Xalatan was stopped due to possible inflammation. Next IOP check in 6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, causing damage to the blood vessels in the retina. The absence of diabetic retinopathy in this image is a positive finding, indicating that the patient's eyes appear to be free of this condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07906.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Note addended by a doctor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is on brimonidine and latanoprost for their right eye, and prednisolone for their left eye, suggesting potential glaucoma management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Note addended by a doctor. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina with no signs of retinal detachment. Additionally, there is no evidence of glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07911.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. No immunizations administered on visit date. Account ready for activation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient referred for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation; incidental finding of optic disc fullness. Reports occasional right sided retro-orbital pressure. Normal perimetry. Mild nasal fullness, crowded optic nerves observed; suspected congenital. No glaucoma mentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. No immunizations administered on visit date. Account ready for activation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retinal appearance. There is no evidence of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve appears normal, and there is no evidence of glaucoma. The vitreous appears clear, and there is no evidence of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal hemorrhage."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07916.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Glaucoma medications are tolerated, with no noted intolerances. The treatment plan includes adding brimonidine and continuing latanoprost for the left eye. The patient also has dm2, htn, hld, hypothyroidism.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and there is no evidence of any pathological changes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07919.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), currently without symptoms suggestive of elevated intracranial pressure. She has vision impairments OD 20/100 and OS 20/20 with mild full optic nerves OU and no clear evidence of papilledema. Possible glaucoma is unmentioned."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic disc. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic disc appears to be normal, and the retinal vessels are also normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07925.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the left eye than the right. Also, he has cataracts in both eyes, which aren't yet visually significant. Treatments discussed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07933.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 24 y.o white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient presents with back pain behind the right eye and has a history of optic disc edema. Recent MRI showed improvement, but still some minor persistent enhancement on the right optic nerve sheath. No diagnosis has been made. No indications of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 24 y.o white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and other structures within the eye appear to be normal in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation in the left eye (OS)>right eye (OD). Miosis in both eyes, no diabetic retinopathy, normal OCT RNFL. Mild visual field loss due to cataracts. No signs of glaucoma. Recommended cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina without any signs of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07940.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's intraocular pressure is above goal, indicating poor control of glaucoma. The patient was switched to Zioptan and started on PF Cosopt due to severe eyelid disease. Medication and treatment adherence emphasized. Blood sugar, pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There is no evidence of any abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07964.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye due to thyroid disease and steroid use. The patient has a history of asthma worsened by glaucoma drops and is currently on Advair. The patient also has cataracts and a macular lesion in the left eye, color blindness, and had strabismus surgery. The patient uses long-term steroids and hydrocortisone for pituitary replacement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. This means that the retina, optic nerve, and surrounding structures appear normal in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07965.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "89-year-old non-Hispanic black female diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy. This means that the retina appears to be normal and free of any abnormalities or damage related to diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07967.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "88-year-old female has pseudophakia, diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, and right 4th nerve palsy. She has a borderline intraocular pressure and dry eyes. No glaucoma detected."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal appearance of the retina. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07975.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports decline in vision but has excellent central acuity with normal visual field testing. Optic nerve and ocular motility normal. Intraocular pressure normal. No significant change in ganglion cell segmentation. Has pituitary tumor but not affecting vision. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient's exam showed normal vision, optic nerve head edema, and slightly reduced ganglion cell complex thickness. Likely diagnosis is idiopathic intracranial hypertension. No evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports decline in vision but has excellent central acuity with normal visual field testing. Optic nerve and ocular motility normal. Intraocular pressure normal. No significant change in ganglion cell segmentation. Has pituitary tumor but not affecting vision. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no significant abnormalities. The retina appears to be normal, and there are no signs of macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07979.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in left eye than right. There's no history of intolerance. The HVF in the right eye deteriorated, likely due to a cataracts. The patient saw a good response to previous treatments. Future plans include considering early cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment or other abnormalities in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07983.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of NAION in left eye with 20/300 vision & diffuse pallor. Right eye shows borderline thinning on macular OCT. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, experienced visual disturbance possibly due to ocular migraine, and had irritation with latanoprost and travatan z, now switched to xelpros. Also has dry eyes and a nonsignificant cataract."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of NAION in left eye with 20/300 vision & diffuse pallor. Right eye shows borderline thinning on macular OCT. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic disc. This means that the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, appears healthy and without any visible abnormalities. The optic disc, which is the point where the optic nerve enters the eye, also appears normal in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a 65-year-old female former race car driver and art conservator. She is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye and is responding well to medication. She also has mild and visually insignificant cataracts in both eyes which are being monitored."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows no abnormalities. The optic nerve appears normal, and the retina appears normal as well. The macula is also normal, and there is no evidence of any pathology in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07992.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Patient had initial glaucoma procedure: laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Central corneal thickness: 564/ 563. There was no previous history of medical issues; all visual fields normal. Plan to start timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no visible abnormalities or pathological changes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07995.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, more in right eye. Stable vision. No rise in eye pressure. Choroidal nevus in left eye & presbyopia. Plan: Yearly eye check, repeat HVF & OCT test. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has mild PVD in the right eye, mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, and low intraocular pressure. The HVF is normal. Glaucoma not indicated. Plan is yearly monitor with HVF and OCT.\n"}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional ophthalmologist. You are provided with a fundus image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, more in right eye. Stable vision. No rise in eye pressure. Choroidal nevus in left eye & presbyopia. Plan: Yearly eye check, repeat HVF & OCT test. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The fundus image shows a normal retina and optic nerve. There are no signs of retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. The optic nerve appears to be normal as well."}], "rejected_noised": 0}] ================================================ FILE: data/training/alignment/ophthalmology/harvard_vqa.json ================================================ [{"id": 4052, "image": "slo_fundus_07639.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 701, "image": "slo_fundus_07117.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 152, "image": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's vision, cornea, and retina all considered normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient's vision, cornea, and retina were all considered normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's vision, cornea, and retina all considered normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient's vision, cornea, and retina are all considered normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4744, "image": "slo_fundus_07750.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone Yag Capsulotomy for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone Yag Capsulotomy for the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone Yag Capsulotomy for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone Yag Capsulotomy for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1747, "image": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an immediate follow-up required after the eye exam?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, an immediate follow-up was not required after the eye exam."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an immediate follow-up required after the eye exam?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, an immediate follow-up was not required after the eye exam."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1543, "image": "slo_fundus_07246.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1399, "image": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient previously on coumadin before switching to eliquis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was previously on coumadin before switching to eliquis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient previously on coumadin before switching to eliquis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was previously on coumadin before switching to eliquis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 869, "image": "slo_fundus_07145.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient discontinued the use of Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has discontinued the use of Cosopt in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient discontinued the use of Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has discontinued the use of Cosopt."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4716, "image": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing dry eye, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from dry eye, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 620, "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient is borderline."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the patient is borderline."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4312, "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma classified as moderate in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is classified as moderate."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma classified as moderate in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is classified as moderate."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4740, "image": "slo_fundus_07750.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been previously diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been previously diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5729, "image": "slo_fundus_07906.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Note addended by a doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is prednisolone being used for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, prednisolone is being used for the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male without glaucoma diagnosis. Note addended by a doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is prednisolone being used for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, prednisolone is being used for the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3454, "image": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans show normal results for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans show normal results for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans show normal results for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans show normal results for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 529, "image": "slo_fundus_07088.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there suspected issues in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are suspected issues in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there suspected issues in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's right eye is suspected to have issues, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3734, "image": "slo_fundus_07591.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient in the initial stage of cataract development?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is in the initial stage of cataract development in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient in the initial stage of cataract development?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is in the initial stage of cataract development in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2636, "image": "slo_fundus_07419.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent an eye exam. Measured intraocular pressure was 15 in both eyes, suggesting no signs of glaucoma. S/he is a never smoker, uses glasses, and takes multivitamins and valacyclovir. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye also a possible reason for the patient's blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dry eye can be a possible reason for blurry vision. It is important to consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and other factors when determining the cause of their blurry vision. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent an eye exam. Measured intraocular pressure was 15 in both eyes, suggesting no signs of glaucoma. S/he is a never smoker, uses glasses, and takes multivitamins and valacyclovir. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye also a possible reason for the patient's blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dry eye can also be a possible reason for blurry vision. It is important to consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and other factors when evaluating the cause of their blurry vision. A healthcare professional would be able to provide a more accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 198, "image": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reduced the use of dorzolamide and brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reduced the use of dorzolamine and brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reduced the use of dorzolamide and brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reduced the use of dorzolamine and brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 185, "image": "slo_fundus_07030.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced past trauma to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced past trauma to the eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced past trauma to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced trauma to her right eye (OD) in the past."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 565, "image": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any new breaks or tears in the patient's retina?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no new breaks or tears in the patient's retina."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any new breaks or tears in the patient's retina?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no new breaks or tears in the patient's retina."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1371, "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a plan to recheck the visual fields in 3-6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual fields are planned to be rechecked in 3-6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a plan to recheck the visual fields in 3-6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the plan is to recheck the visual fields in 3-6 months."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1473, "image": "slo_fundus_07233.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3183, "image": "slo_fundus_07504.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye medications being used for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye medications are being used for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye medications being used for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye medications are being used for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3814, "image": "slo_fundus_07604.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes a neuro-ophthalmologic examination conducted on a patient. However, there is no reference or mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a bilateral reduction in the ganglion cell complex?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a bilateral reduction in the ganglion cell complex."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes a neuro-ophthalmologic examination conducted on a patient. However, there is no reference or mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a bilateral reduction in the ganglion cell complex?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a bilateral reduction in the ganglion cell complex."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 160, "image": "slo_fundus_07026.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Simvastatin for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Simvastatin for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Simvastatin for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Simvastatin for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3558, "image": "slo_fundus_07564.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 25-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Due for neuro-ophthalmology appointment. Pupil dilation could blur vision and increase light sensitivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has brimonidine been prescribed to the patient for her left eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed brimonidine for her left eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 25-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Due for neuro-ophthalmology appointment. Pupil dilation could blur vision and increase light sensitivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has brimonidine been prescribed to the patient for her left eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed brimonidine for her left eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1248, "image": "slo_fundus_07201.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of glaucoma detected in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of glaucoma detected in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of glaucoma detected in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of glaucoma detected in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4589, "image": "slo_fundus_07726.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4120, "image": "slo_fundus_07652.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of tumor progression in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of tumor progression in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of tumor progression in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of tumor progression in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4480, "image": "slo_fundus_07710.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are disc photos part of the scheduled follow-up tests for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, disc photos are part of the scheduled follow-up tests for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are disc photos part of the scheduled follow-up tests for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, disc photos are part of the scheduled follow-up tests for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3452, "image": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be within normal range for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP in this patient is within normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2619, "image": "slo_fundus_07416.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a normal age-related change in the lens of the eye that makes it more difficult to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a natural aging process that affects the lens of the eye, making it more difficult to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1385, "image": "slo_fundus_07219.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have stable floaters?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has stable floaters."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have stable floaters?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has stable floaters."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2828, "image": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's treatment plan composed of multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's treatment plan is composed of multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's treatment plan composed of multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's treatment plan includes multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes to manage her condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3728, "image": "slo_fundus_07591.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a condition that affects the ability to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in left eye, age-related cataract in right eye, open angle glaucoma with high risk in both eyes, vitreous degeneration in both eyes, and excess lacrimation in the right eye. No glaucomatous change observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a condition that affects the ability to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1760, "image": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with ocular hypertension in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with ocular hypertension in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5178, "image": "slo_fundus_07817.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient prefer LPI anesthesia for procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient prefers LPI anesthesia for procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient prefer LPI anesthesia for procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient prefers LPI anesthesia for procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5557, "image": "slo_fundus_07879.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing pressure and blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing pressure and blurry vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing pressure and blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing pressure and blurry vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 38, "image": "slo_fundus_07007.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any specific details about Ms. PERSON's health status. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have epiretinal membranes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has epiretinal membranes, as mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any specific details about Ms. PERSON's health status. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have epiretinal membranes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has epiretinal membranes, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4847, "image": "slo_fundus_07767.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient met the treatment goal for intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has met the treatment goal for intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient met the treatment goal for intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has met the treatment goal for intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5153, "image": "slo_fundus_07813.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with relapsing remitting MS, currently on Tysabri, with no evidence of optic neuritis. Exhibits mild convergence insufficiency but otherwise good visual health. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there mild nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickening?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickening."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with relapsing remitting MS, currently on Tysabri, with no evidence of optic neuritis. Exhibits mild convergence insufficiency but otherwise good visual health. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there mild nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickening?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickening."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 995, "image": "slo_fundus_07164.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a plan to maintain intraocular pressure below 21mmhg in both eyes. She has previously had a pressure spike due to stopping medication on her own. Continued adherence to her medication, Timolol, is emphasized. Glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a cataract present in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract in her right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a plan to maintain intraocular pressure below 21mmhg in both eyes. She has previously had a pressure spike due to stopping medication on her own. Continued adherence to her medication, Timolol, is emphasized. Glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a cataract present in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract in her right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4462, "image": "slo_fundus_07707.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously experienced episcleritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously experienced episcleritis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously experienced episcleritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously experienced episcleritis in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2641, "image": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a small, stable choroidal nevus in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a small, stable choroidal nevus in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a small, stable choroidal nevus in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a small, stable choroidal nevus in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2158, "image": "slo_fundus_07344.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has diabetes but no diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. Suspected glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry. History of narrow angles. Presence of cataract and PVD, both not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has diabetes but no diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. Suspected glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry. History of narrow angles. Presence of cataract and PVD, both not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for cataract surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1759, "image": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cataracts present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of cataracts in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cataracts present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cataracts are present in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 968, "image": "slo_fundus_07160.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs a return visit for dilated exam, refraction. Orders include Humphrey visual field & optic nerve tests. Conditions listed include seasonal allergic rhinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using steroids for asthma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using steroids for asthma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs a return visit for dilated exam, refraction. Orders include Humphrey visual field & optic nerve tests. Conditions listed include seasonal allergic rhinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using steroids for asthma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using steroids for asthma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1349, "image": "slo_fundus_07214.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there noted complications from past cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows noted complications from past cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there noted complications from past cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are noted complications from past cataract surgery, such as posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss, and retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6145, "image": "slo_fundus_07977.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is significant anisometropia revealed upon examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, significant anisometropia was revealed upon examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is significant anisometropia revealed upon examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, significant anisometropia was revealed upon examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4875, "image": "slo_fundus_07771.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's reading affected by brow ptosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's reading is affected by brow ptosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's reading affected by brow ptosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's reading is affected by brow ptosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2135, "image": "slo_fundus_07339.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with sectoral visual loss. He has slightly high cholesterol but refuses to take statin. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note focus on the review process of the case?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note focuses on the review process of the case."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with sectoral visual loss. He has slightly high cholesterol but refuses to take statin. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note focus on the review process of the case?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note focuses on the review process of the case."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 619, "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 560, "image": "slo_fundus_07093.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of amblyopia and cataract, mild cupping in both eyes but no glaucoma as no IOP elevation. Also, has a hole in the right eye with pigmentation.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both the cataract and hydrus surgeries to be performed by Dr. PERSON?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, both the cataract and hydrus surgeries are to be performed by Dr. PERSON."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of amblyopia and cataract, mild cupping in both eyes but no glaucoma as no IOP elevation. Also, has a hole in the right eye with pigmentation.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both the cataract and hydrus surgeries to be performed by Dr. PERSON?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both the cataract and hydrus surgeries are to be performed by Dr. PERSON."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2392, "image": "slo_fundus_07381.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed brimonidine for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently prescribed brimonidine for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed brimonidine for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently prescribed brimonidine for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 581, "image": "slo_fundus_07097.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2262, "image": "slo_fundus_07362.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5421, "image": "slo_fundus_07858.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary include any specific diagnosis or eye condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the summary does not include any specific diagnosis or eye condition for the patient. It is important to note that a healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any eye-related issues."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary include any specific diagnosis or eye condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not include any specific diagnosis or eye condition for the patient. It only provides information about the patient's medical history, eye procedures, and some vision issues."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2179, "image": "slo_fundus_07348.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye moderate in severity?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is described as moderate in severity."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye moderate in severity?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is described as moderate in severity."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3827, "image": "slo_fundus_07607.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1680, "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have right optic neuropathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has right optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have right optic neuropathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has right optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5162, "image": "slo_fundus_07814.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using artificial tears for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using artificial tears for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using artificial tears for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using artificial tears for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 267, "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma worse in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma appears to be worse in the right eye, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma worse in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma appears to be worse in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4670, "image": "slo_fundus_07738.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are latanoprost and xalatan considered alternative medications for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost and xalatan are considered alternative medications for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are latanoprost and xalatan considered alternative medications for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost and xalatan are considered alternative medications for this patient, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2890, "image": "slo_fundus_07458.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3389, "image": "slo_fundus_07537.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's pseudophakia stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's pseudophakia appears to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's pseudophakia stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's pseudophakia appears to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 783, "image": "slo_fundus_07130.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with glaucoma according to the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5925, "image": "slo_fundus_07939.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hidradenitis suppurativa a condition the patient is suffering from?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa, which is a chronic skin condition characterized by the formation of abscesses and scarring in the hair follicles."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hidradenitis suppurativa a condition the patient is suffering from?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2383, "image": "slo_fundus_07379.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. black, non-hispanic female does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. She has hypothyroidism, chronic left-sided low back pain without sciatica, and is under regular healthcare maintenance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a potential refractive error in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision was found to be myopic, which is a refractive error. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition where the eye can focus on nearby objects but has difficulty focusing on distant objects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. black, non-hispanic female does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. She has hypothyroidism, chronic left-sided low back pain without sciatica, and is under regular healthcare maintenance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a potential refractive error in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a potential refractive error in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 489, "image": "slo_fundus_07081.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any abnormality in the iris of either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no abnormality in the iris of either eye in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any abnormality in the iris of either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no abnormality in the iris of either eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3494, "image": "slo_fundus_07555.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from presbyopia, which is a condition that affects the ability of the lens in the eye to focus on nearby objects. This can lead to difficulty reading and other visual problems."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a condition that affects the ability to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1862, "image": "slo_fundus_07298.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been mentioned in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been mentioned in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5298, "image": "slo_fundus_07837.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a female identified as a glaucoma suspect, has risks like family history, c/d asymmetry & history of migraines. Reports dry eyes, corneal scar & latent hyperopia with astigmatism & presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been diagnosed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been diagnosed in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a female identified as a glaucoma suspect, has risks like family history, c/d asymmetry & history of migraines. Reports dry eyes, corneal scar & latent hyperopia with astigmatism & presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been diagnosed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been diagnosed in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3979, "image": "slo_fundus_07629.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's conditions include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, a colon polyp, gout, primary open angle glaucoma (both eyes, moderate stage), hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and skin discoloration on toe. The patient is taking multiple medications including brimonidine, dulaglutide, and metformin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up is recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's conditions include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, a colon polyp, gout, primary open angle glaucoma (both eyes, moderate stage), hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and skin discoloration on toe. The patient is taking multiple medications including brimonidine, dulaglutide, and metformin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up is recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3923, "image": "slo_fundus_07619.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of ocular migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of ocular migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of ocular migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of ocular migraines."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5692, "image": "slo_fundus_07898.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was prescribed artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was prescribed artificial tears."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5506, "image": "slo_fundus_07872.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is suspected in this patient, as indicated by the fundus image and the provided reference reports."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is suspected in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2283, "image": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 63-year-old female patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 63-year-old female patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as indicated in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3646, "image": "slo_fundus_07578.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a potential worsening of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's eye(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's retinal nerve fiber layer appears to be worsening, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a potential worsening of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's eye(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that there might be a potential worsening of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's eye(s)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1196, "image": "slo_fundus_07194.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields full?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual fields appear to be full."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields full?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual fields appear to be full."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4501, "image": "slo_fundus_07713.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible that the patient has a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that the patient has a cataract. However, it is important to note that the presence of a cataract cannot be definitively determined from the fundus image alone. Further evaluation and tests would be necessary to confirm the presence of a cataract and determine the appropriate course of action."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible that the patient has a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that the patient has a cataract. However, it is important to note that the presence of a cataract cannot be definitively determined just by looking at the fundus image. Further evaluation and tests would be necessary to confirm the presence of a cataract and determine the appropriate course of action."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 432, "image": "slo_fundus_07073.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient affected by convergence insufficiency?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is affected by convergence insufficiency."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient affected by convergence insufficiency?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is affected by convergence insufficiency."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 281, "image": "slo_fundus_07045.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect during first visit with Dr. PERSON. Evidence of plateau confirmed through UBM. Has history of strabismus and steroid usage. Iridoplasty and Laser peripheral iridotomy procedures performed on right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilation and disc photos part of the patient's upcoming follow-up?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dilation and disc photos are part of the patient's upcoming follow-up."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect during first visit with Dr. PERSON. Evidence of plateau confirmed through UBM. Has history of strabismus and steroid usage. Iridoplasty and Laser peripheral iridotomy procedures performed on right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilation and disc photos part of the patient's upcoming follow-up?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dilation and disc photos are part of the patient's upcoming follow-up."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4198, "image": "slo_fundus_07663.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1435, "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient on a multivitamin supplement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is on a multivitamin supplement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient on a multivitamin supplement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is on a multivitamin supplement."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4947, "image": "slo_fundus_07782.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1837, "image": "slo_fundus_07295.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A 78-year-old white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient reactive to the medication Combigan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is reactive to the medication Combigan, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A 78-year-old white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient reactive to the medication Combigan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be reactive to the medication Combigan, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 494, "image": "slo_fundus_07082.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient undergo a PET CT scan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will undergo a PET CT scan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient undergo a PET CT scan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will undergo a PET CT scan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5468, "image": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up IOP check scheduled for 3 months from now?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up IOP check is scheduled for 3 months from now."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up IOP check scheduled for 3 months from now?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up IOP check is scheduled for 3 months from now."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1474, "image": "slo_fundus_07233.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts considered noncritical?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts are considered noncritical."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts considered noncritical?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts are considered noncritical in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5538, "image": "slo_fundus_07876.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a cataract observed in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a cataract was observed in the patient's eye examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a cataract observed in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataract in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 610, "image": "slo_fundus_07103.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has large nerve c/d ratio of 0.8 and 0.7. No family history of glaucoma. Gonioscopy shows 360 degrees. IOP is being monitored closely. Visual field not typical for glaucoma, possible left homonymous hemianopic defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye's intraocular pressure currently managed with medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye's intraocular pressure is being managed with medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has large nerve c/d ratio of 0.8 and 0.7. No family history of glaucoma. Gonioscopy shows 360 degrees. IOP is being monitored closely. Visual field not typical for glaucoma, possible left homonymous hemianopic defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye's intraocular pressure currently managed with medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye's intraocular pressure is being managed with medication."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6193, "image": "slo_fundus_07986.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of surgery for a retina detachment, reports lifelong blurry vision and decreased vision in left eye due to cataract. There's a difference in micron thickness on GCC and RNFL, but no presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a plan to repeat glaucoma tests for this patient in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's glaucoma tests will be repeated in the future."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of surgery for a retina detachment, reports lifelong blurry vision and decreased vision in left eye due to cataract. There's a difference in micron thickness on GCC and RNFL, but no presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a plan to repeat glaucoma tests for this patient in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's glaucoma tests will be repeated in the future."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6205, "image": "slo_fundus_07989.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient now prescribed Dorzolamide/Timolol to be used twice a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is now prescribed Dorzolamine/Timolol to be used twice a day for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient now prescribed Dorzolamide/Timolol to be used twice a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is now prescribed Dorzolamide/Timolol to be used twice a day for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2858, "image": "slo_fundus_07453.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4021, "image": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on medications including Azopt and Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on medications including Azopt and Timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on medications including Azopt and Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on medications including Azopt and Timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5328, "image": "slo_fundus_07842.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a subtle optic neuropathy present in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a subtle optic neuropathy present in the left eye (OS) in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a subtle optic neuropathy present in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a subtle optic neuropathy present in the left eye (OS) in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2299, "image": "slo_fundus_07367.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there superior and inferior thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows superior and inferior thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there superior and inferior thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows superior and inferior thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1011, "image": "slo_fundus_07167.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the patient's eyes dilated for an examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes were dilated for an examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the patient's eyes dilated for an examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes were dilated for an examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2330, "image": "slo_fundus_07372.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has neurosarcoidosis and had idiopathic intracranial hypertension which are both resolved. They're advised to follow-up for new visual symptoms. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the patient have optic nerve inflammation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient could have optic nerve inflammation. However, it's important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has neurosarcoidosis and had idiopathic intracranial hypertension which are both resolved. They're advised to follow-up for new visual symptoms. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the patient have optic nerve inflammation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient could have optic nerve inflammation, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2244, "image": "slo_fundus_07359.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under treatment for glaucoma, using several eyedrops: timolol 2x/day, brimonidine 3x/day, dorzolamide 3x/day, vyzulta 1x/night, and an oral pill, acetazolamide/diamox. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under treatment for glaucoma, using several eyedrops: timolol 2x/day, brimonidine 3x/day, dorzolamide 3x/day, vyzulta 1x/night, and an oral pill, acetazolamide/diamox. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1305, "image": "slo_fundus_07209.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has deteriorating CME in left eye, with vision 20/125 ph20/80. Treatment includes anti-VEGF injections and Avastin. They have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, with a strong family history. Previous laser procedures were done. They also have cataracts in their left eye and are planning for surgery once pandemic concerns lessen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts in their left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has deteriorating CME in left eye, with vision 20/125 ph20/80. Treatment includes anti-VEGF injections and Avastin. They have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, with a strong family history. Previous laser procedures were done. They also have cataracts in their left eye and are planning for surgery once pandemic concerns lessen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts in their left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4259, "image": "slo_fundus_07673.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a posterior capsulotomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone a posterior capsulotomy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a posterior capsulotomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone a posterior capsulotomy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1696, "image": "slo_fundus_07272.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on timolol/brimonidine 1x/night, dorzolamide 2x/day, both for right eye. Note indicates presence of glaucoma. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on timolol/brimonidine 1x/night, dorzolamide 2x/day, both for right eye. Note indicates presence of glaucoma. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4482, "image": "slo_fundus_07710.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the majority of the patient's visit focused on counseling for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the majority of the patient's visit was focused on counseling for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a refractive error, mild cataract, and few scattered drusen indicative of Macula degeneration. No significant retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma with unknown history and C/D ratio of 0.6/0.7. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the majority of the patient's visit focused on counseling for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the majority of the patient's visit was focused on counseling for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6000, "image": "slo_fundus_07951.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual field tests (HVF) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual field tests (HVF) are normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual field tests (HVF) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual field tests (HVF) are normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4367, "image": "slo_fundus_07689.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient still in active follow-up for her condition with Dr. PERSON?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is still in active follow-up for her condition with Dr. PERSON."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient still in active follow-up for her condition with Dr. PERSON?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is still in active follow-up for her condition with Dr. PERSON."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4107, "image": "slo_fundus_07649.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient previously informed about physiologic cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was previously informed about physiologic cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient previously informed about physiologic cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was previously informed about physiologic cupping."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 445, "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of asthma or COPD?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of asthma or COPD."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of asthma or COPD?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of asthma or COPD."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3859, "image": "slo_fundus_07612.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient recently prescribed new glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was recently prescribed new glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient recently prescribed new glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was recently prescribed new glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4015, "image": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's intraocular pressure risen despite medication before?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure has risen despite medication before."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's intraocular pressure risen despite medication before?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure has risen despite medication before."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1055, "image": "slo_fundus_07174.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure goal is less or equal to 12mmhg for both eyes, under control with Zioptan. Adherence to medication needed. Stable paracentral defects present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up appointment required for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up appointment is required for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure goal is less or equal to 12mmhg for both eyes, under control with Zioptan. Adherence to medication needed. Stable paracentral defects present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up appointment required for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up appointment is required for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3375, "image": "slo_fundus_07536.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can eye cupping be observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows enlarged cup/disc ratios, which is a sign of eye cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can eye cupping be observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows an enlarged cup/disc ratio, which is a sign of eye cupping."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4664, "image": "slo_fundus_07737.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo optic disc testing for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent optic disc testing for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo optic disc testing for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent optic disc testing for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1542, "image": "slo_fundus_07246.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an HgA1c level of 5.9?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an HgA1c level of 5.9."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an HgA1c level of 5.9?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an HgA1c level of 5.9."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1015, "image": "slo_fundus_07168.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient adherent to their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is adherent to their medication regimen, which includes methylprednisolone."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient adherent to their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is adherent to their medication regimen, which includes methylprednisolone."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2908, "image": "slo_fundus_07460.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any significant visual disturbances due to the cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no significant visual disturbances due to the cataract in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any significant visual disturbances due to the cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no significant visual disturbances due to the cataract."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2389, "image": "slo_fundus_07380.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HVF test results appear to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HVF test results are normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1714, "image": "slo_fundus_07275.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye syndrome one of the patient's diagnoses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dry eye syndrome is one of the patient's diagnoses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye syndrome one of the patient's diagnoses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dry eye syndrome is one of the patient's diagnoses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5942, "image": "slo_fundus_07942.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a thin ganglion cell layer (GCL) in her right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a thin ganglion cell layer (GCL) in her right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a thin ganglion cell layer (GCL) in her right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a thin ganglion cell layer (GCL) in her right eye, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4054, "image": "slo_fundus_07639.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) on OCT normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) on OCT appears to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) on OCT normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) on OCT appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4392, "image": "slo_fundus_07695.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any signs of glaucoma observed in the man's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the man's eyes did not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any signs of glaucoma observed in the man's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the man's eyes did not show any signs of glaucoma in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3535, "image": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypertension part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypertension is part of the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypertension part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypertension is part of the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1378, "image": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are medications part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient takes zolmitriptan as needed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are medications part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is taking zolmitriptan as needed."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4374, "image": "slo_fundus_07693.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a pinguecula?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a pinguecula in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a pinguecula?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a pinguecula, which is a benign growth on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2057, "image": "slo_fundus_07327.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of progression of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and the referral report suggest that there is evidence of progression of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of progression of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report show evidence of progression of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5389, "image": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hypertensive disorder among the conditions listed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of hypertensive disorder."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hypertensive disorder among the conditions listed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a hypertensive disorder, which is a condition characterized by high blood pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4907, "image": "slo_fundus_07775.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y/o woman with cystic fibrosis, post double lung and liver transplant, DM1. No diabetic retinopathy, cataracts not significant. Limbal lesion os. No family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure 16/15. Tests showed possible inferior nasal step in visual field, to be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are any glaucoma medications needed for the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, the patient does not have glaucoma at this time. However, it is important to monitor the patient's condition and follow up with a healthcare professional for any changes or concerns."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y/o woman with cystic fibrosis, post double lung and liver transplant, DM1. No diabetic retinopathy, cataracts not significant. Limbal lesion os. No family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure 16/15. Tests showed possible inferior nasal step in visual field, to be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are any glaucoma medications needed for the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, no glaucoma medications are needed for the patient at this time."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4964, "image": "slo_fundus_07784.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the examination reveal areas of thinning in the eye tissue?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the examination reveals areas of thinning in the eye tissue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the examination reveal areas of thinning in the eye tissue?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the examination reveals areas of thinning in the eye tissue."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 342, "image": "slo_fundus_07057.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1448, "image": "slo_fundus_07229.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure above the target level in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure is above the target level in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure above the target level in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure is above the target level in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5255, "image": "slo_fundus_07830.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Pepcid order submitted for review. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma specifically diagnosed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not specifically diagnosed in the patient. The diagnosis of glaucoma is based on the presence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, which is not observed in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Pepcid order submitted for review. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma specifically diagnosed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not specifically diagnosed in the patient. The diagnosis is based on the presence of a glaucoma-like appearance in the patient's fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 199, "image": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up with the glaucoma service scheduled within 1-2 weeks?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up with the glaucoma service is scheduled within 1-2 weeks."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up with the glaucoma service scheduled within 1-2 weeks?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up with the glaucoma service is scheduled within 1-2 weeks."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5148, "image": "slo_fundus_07812.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosed. Target IOP and tmax: 14. Corneal thickness: 550+0 (RE), 546+0 (LE). Gonioscopy: occludable ou, no pas. Optic nerve thickness: 88 (RE), 91 (LE). No eye procedures or problems noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosed. Target IOP and tmax: 14. Corneal thickness: 550+0 (RE), 546+0 (LE). Gonioscopy: occludable ou, no pas. Optic nerve thickness: 88 (RE), 91 (LE). No eye procedures or problems noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopia, which is a condition where the eye is longer than normal, causing the lens to focus light in front of the retina instead of on it."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2004, "image": "slo_fundus_07319.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there specific goals set for the patient's intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) goals are set at 12 mmHg in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there specific goals set for the patient's intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes is set to be less than 18 mmHg."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2517, "image": "slo_fundus_07401.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 74-year-old patient has evaporative dry eye and is a low-risk suspect for glaucoma. They also have nuclear sclerotic cataract, bll steatoblepharon, and refractive error. Current treatments include warm compresses, Systane, omega 3, and updated glasses.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of optic neuropathy in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of optic neuropathy in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 74-year-old patient has evaporative dry eye and is a low-risk suspect for glaucoma. They also have nuclear sclerotic cataract, bll steatoblepharon, and refractive error. Current treatments include warm compresses, Systane, omega 3, and updated glasses.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of optic neuropathy in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of optic neuropathy in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1699, "image": "slo_fundus_07272.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on timolol/brimonidine 1x/night, dorzolamide 2x/day, both for right eye. Note indicates presence of glaucoma. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on timolol/brimonidine 1x/night, dorzolamide 2x/day, both for right eye. Note indicates presence of glaucoma. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 405, "image": "slo_fundus_07068.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral downsloping sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus; no presence of glaucoma mentioned in note. Normal thyroid, respiratory, eye function. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to use warm compresses for crusting?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to use warm compresses for crusting."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral downsloping sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus; no presence of glaucoma mentioned in note. Normal thyroid, respiratory, eye function. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to use warm compresses for crusting?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to use warm compresses for crusting."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1316, "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the chronic angle closure glaucoma more prominent in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chronic angle closure glaucoma appears to be more prominent in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the chronic angle closure glaucoma more prominent in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chronic angle closure glaucoma appears to be more prominent in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5870, "image": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Eliquis a medication that the patient has been prescribed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Eliquis, which is a medication used to prevent blood clots."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Eliquis a medication that the patient has been prescribed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Eliquis, which is a medication used to prevent blood clots."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6044, "image": "slo_fundus_07959.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal visual field post-surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a normal visual field post-surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal visual field post-surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a normal visual field post-surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3590, "image": "slo_fundus_07569.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of average thickness thinning in the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of average thickness thinning in the eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of average thickness thinning in the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of average thickness thinning in the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5610, "image": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient deferred getting new glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has deferred getting new glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient deferred getting new glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has deferred getting new glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4602, "image": "slo_fundus_07728.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these checks to be performed without dilation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the checks are to be performed without dilation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these checks to be performed without dilation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the checks are to be performed without dilation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1997, "image": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being monitored for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being monitored for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being monitored for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being monitored for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1335, "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at risk of experiencing vision loss due to the procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is at risk of experiencing vision loss due to the procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at risk of experiencing vision loss due to the procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is at risk of experiencing vision loss due to the procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4159, "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup:disc appearance in the fundus image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup:disc appearance in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3150, "image": "slo_fundus_07499.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with myopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with myopia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2483, "image": "slo_fundus_07396.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient decide to defer the dilated fundus examination (DFE)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient decided to defer the dilated fundus examination (DFE)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient decide to defer the dilated fundus examination (DFE)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient decided to defer the dilated fundus examination (DFE)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5688, "image": "slo_fundus_07898.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's dry eyes worsen with reading?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's dry eyes worsen with reading."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's dry eyes worsen with reading?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's dry eyes worsen with reading."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5877, "image": "slo_fundus_07931.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being medicated with Timolol (yellow), applied to both eyes twice daily. Other possible prescriptions include Timoptic, Betoptic S, Betaxolol, etc. The note recommends warm compresses and eyelid scrubs, and suggests the use of artificial tears for irritation. Possibly indicative of glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye mild?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is described as mild."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being medicated with Timolol (yellow), applied to both eyes twice daily. Other possible prescriptions include Timoptic, Betoptic S, Betaxolol, etc. The note recommends warm compresses and eyelid scrubs, and suggests the use of artificial tears for irritation. Possibly indicative of glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye mild?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is mild."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4071, "image": "slo_fundus_07642.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has physiologic cupping in both eyes with suspicions of glaucoma. However, the low pressure, thick cct, normal hvf and OCT results suggest otherwise. Small ch nevus in the left eye; slight nuclear sclerosis; refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pachymetry result for the patient considered normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pachymetry result for the patient is considered normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has physiologic cupping in both eyes with suspicions of glaucoma. However, the low pressure, thick cct, normal hvf and OCT results suggest otherwise. Small ch nevus in the left eye; slight nuclear sclerosis; refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pachymetry result for the patient considered normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pachymetry result for the patient is considered normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2887, "image": "slo_fundus_07457.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there some progression in the patient's glaucoma despite treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's glaucoma has progressed despite treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there some progression in the patient's glaucoma despite treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's glaucoma has progressed despite treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 887, "image": "slo_fundus_07147.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there cataracts present in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there cataracts present in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1681, "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a question of a pale left optic nerve in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's left optic nerve appears to be pale."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a question of a pale left optic nerve in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a question of a pale left optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6257, "image": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have routine records from the previous doctor been requested for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, routine records from the previous doctor have been requested for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have routine records from the previous doctor been requested for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, routine records from the previous doctor have been requested for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1552, "image": "slo_fundus_07247.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The male patient is a suspect for low suspicion glaucoma with risks including c/d asymmetry, increased c/d, race, and myopia. Family history is unclear. RNFL and GCL normal. He also has visually insignificant cataracts, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is poor adherence to treatment likely to result in the progression of the patient's eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, poor adherence to treatment can potentially lead to the progression of eye conditions, including glaucoma. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's recommendations and take their prescribed medications as directed to manage their eye conditions effectively."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The male patient is a suspect for low suspicion glaucoma with risks including c/d asymmetry, increased c/d, race, and myopia. Family history is unclear. RNFL and GCL normal. He also has visually insignificant cataracts, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is poor adherence to treatment likely to result in the progression of the patient's eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, poor adherence to treatment can potentially lead to the progression of eye conditions, including glaucoma. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's recommendations and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their condition and ensure appropriate treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4760, "image": "slo_fundus_07753.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have lattice degeneration in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has lattice degeneration in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have lattice degeneration in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has lattice degeneration in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3560, "image": "slo_fundus_07565.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of motor vehicle accident, requiring craniectomy and jaw, orbital fractures repair. She wants enophthalmos repair for eye symmetry. There is suspicion of partial 3rd nerve palsy and some optic disc cupping exists, potentially signifying glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Family history of macular degeneration but shows no signs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 60-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 60-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma, as indicated by the optic disc cupping seen in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of motor vehicle accident, requiring craniectomy and jaw, orbital fractures repair. She wants enophthalmos repair for eye symmetry. There is suspicion of partial 3rd nerve palsy and some optic disc cupping exists, potentially signifying glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Family history of macular degeneration but shows no signs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 60-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 60-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3410, "image": "slo_fundus_07541.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was patient counselling part of the care provided during the visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, patient counselling was part of the care provided during the visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was patient counselling part of the care provided during the visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, patient counselling was part of the care provided during the visit."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1672, "image": "slo_fundus_07267.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as narrow angle suspect. No clear evidence of glaucoma but has borderline intraocular pressure (23), normal optic nerve & visual fields, & narrow but not closed angles. Plan: monitor situation or possibly start latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require an NRP gel stent in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is possible that the patient might require an NRP gel stent in the future, as mentioned in the report. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of action based on the patient's specific condition and medical history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as narrow angle suspect. No clear evidence of glaucoma but has borderline intraocular pressure (23), normal optic nerve & visual fields, & narrow but not closed angles. Plan: monitor situation or possibly start latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require an NRP gel stent in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It's difficult to predict the future need for an NRP gel stent based solely on the information provided. However, it is important to consider the patient's overall clinical picture, including their medical history, symptoms, and any other relevant information. A healthcare professional would be able to provide a more accurate assessment of the patient's needs and recommend appropriate treatment options."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4771, "image": "slo_fundus_07755.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient previously diagnosed with presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) showing stable condition with normal acuities, intact visual fields and no definite papilledema. Advised to lose weight and possibly reduce Diamox medication in future. No signs of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient previously diagnosed with presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) showing stable condition with normal acuities, intact visual fields and no definite papilledema. Advised to lose weight and possibly reduce Diamox medication in future. No signs of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eye, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3699, "image": "slo_fundus_07587.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the optic nerves appear normal upon examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerves appear normal upon examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the optic nerves appear normal upon examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerves appear normal upon examination in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2684, "image": "slo_fundus_07427.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary for the patient to maintain stable intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important for the patient to maintain stable intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and to manage the patient's condition effectively."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary for the patient to maintain stable intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important for the patient to maintain stable intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and to manage any potential complications related to glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5764, "image": "slo_fundus_07912.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for glaucoma and cataract evaluation. They have significant cataracts and worsening vision. Potential risks and benefits of cataract surgery were discussed. They are suspected of having glaucoma. Cataract surgery is planned, pending clearance from their primary doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed preservative-free artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed preservative-free artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for glaucoma and cataract evaluation. They have significant cataracts and worsening vision. Potential risks and benefits of cataract surgery were discussed. They are suspected of having glaucoma. Cataract surgery is planned, pending clearance from their primary doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed preservative-free artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed preservative-free artificial tears."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3693, "image": "slo_fundus_07586.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. software engineer with history of B12 insufficiency, high myopia, possible amblyopia/optic neuropathy, and glaucoma suspicion. Vision diminished in size 1. Has a history of cataract surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has left optic neuropathy been observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with left optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. software engineer with history of B12 insufficiency, high myopia, possible amblyopia/optic neuropathy, and glaucoma suspicion. Vision diminished in size 1. Has a history of cataract surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has left optic neuropathy been observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, left optic neuropathy has been observed in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2505, "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of eye surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of eye surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2284, "image": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's suspicion for glaucoma arise from an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's suspicion for glaucoma arises from an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's suspicion for glaucoma arise from an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's suspicion for glaucoma arises from an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1376, "image": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have specific intraocular pressure goals been established for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, specific intraocular pressure (IOP) goals have been established for this patient. However, it is important to note that these goals should be determined by a healthcare professional based on the patient's individual needs and medical history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have specific intraocular pressure goals been established for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, specific intraocular pressure (IOP) goals have been established for this patient. The goal is to maintain an IOP less than 18 mmHg."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 863, "image": "slo_fundus_07144.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glaucoma tests for the left eye stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma tests for the left eye appear to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glaucoma tests for the left eye stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma tests for the left eye appear to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3219, "image": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, presbyopia is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, presbyopia is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3111, "image": "slo_fundus_07492.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed sumatriptan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed sumatriptan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed sumatriptan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed sumatriptan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 550, "image": "slo_fundus_07091.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's recent A1C level 8.1?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's recent A1C level was 8.1."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's recent A1C level 8.1?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's recent A1C level was 8.1."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4829, "image": "slo_fundus_07764.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old male patient presents for follow up. Has ocular hypertension with 16/21 IOP and cupping asymmetry. No signs of glaucoma with WNL OCT and full vision fields. Also has dry eye but doing well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old male patient presents for follow up. Has ocular hypertension with 16/21 IOP and cupping asymmetry. No signs of glaucoma with WNL OCT and full vision fields. Also has dry eye but doing well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 290, "image": "slo_fundus_07047.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hypercholesterolemia, which is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient also has hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5502, "image": "slo_fundus_07871.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the multiple sclerosis confirmed by an MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the multiple sclerosis was confirmed by an MRI."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the multiple sclerosis confirmed by an MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the multiple sclerosis was confirmed by an MRI."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 690, "image": "slo_fundus_07115.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 29 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation including review of medical tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's symptoms resolve after treatment with Diamox?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms resolved after treatment with Diamox."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 29 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation including review of medical tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's symptoms resolve after treatment with Diamox?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms resolved after treatment with Diamox."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 952, "image": "slo_fundus_07158.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has intracranial hypertension but is doing well with no visual changes or side effects from Diamox treatment. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show early changes in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient shows early changes in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has intracranial hypertension but is doing well with no visual changes or side effects from Diamox treatment. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show early changes in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient shows early changes in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3973, "image": "slo_fundus_07628.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Condition managed with timolol for ocular hypertension. Stable cataract observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Condition managed with timolol for ocular hypertension. Stable cataract observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 999, "image": "slo_fundus_07165.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5072, "image": "slo_fundus_07802.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 22-year-old glasses wearer referred by PERSON. Suffers from intermittent blurry vision and dry eyes due to Accutane use. Will add omega-3 and artificial tears to the regimen. Glaucoma presence suspected but not confirmed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 32-year-old male considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 32-year-old male is considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 22-year-old glasses wearer referred by PERSON. Suffers from intermittent blurry vision and dry eyes due to Accutane use. Will add omega-3 and artificial tears to the regimen. Glaucoma presence suspected but not confirmed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 32-year-old male considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 32-year-old male is considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4348, "image": "slo_fundus_07687.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no family history of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no family history of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2639, "image": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there pigmented dispersion present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows pigmented dispersion in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there pigmented dispersion present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows pigmented dispersion in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3769, "image": "slo_fundus_07598.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's ocular angles narrow?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's ocular angles are narrow."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's ocular angles narrow?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's ocular angles are narrow, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 389, "image": "slo_fundus_07065.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking 50 mg tablets for migraines and hypertensive disorder. They have a macular hole in their left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has retinal nerve fiber thinning been observed in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, retinal nerve fiber thinning has been observed in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking 50 mg tablets for migraines and hypertensive disorder. They have a macular hole in their left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has retinal nerve fiber thinning been observed in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, retinal nerve fiber thinning has been observed in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2416, "image": "slo_fundus_07385.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Issue with timolol prescription not reaching pharmacy. Will re-prescribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the symmetric optic nerve cupping indicate early glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is possible that symmetric optic nerve cupping could be an indication of early glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Issue with timolol prescription not reaching pharmacy. Will re-prescribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the symmetric optic nerve cupping indicate early glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the symmetric optic nerve cupping in the image could be suggestive of early glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2399, "image": "slo_fundus_07382.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the left eye 23 mmHg on the first measurement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the left eye is 23 mmHg on the first measurement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the left eye 23 mmHg on the first measurement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the left eye is 23 mmHg on the first measurement."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3767, "image": "slo_fundus_07597.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's condition considered stable at the moment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition is considered stable at the moment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's condition considered stable at the moment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition is considered stable at the moment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2946, "image": "slo_fundus_07466.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using multiple eye-drops for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using multiple eye-drops for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using multiple eye-drops for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using multiple eye-drops for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3344, "image": "slo_fundus_07530.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses management and minor surgery, limited by social health determinants. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the reference reports."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses management and minor surgery, limited by social health determinants. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1592, "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has significant cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3501, "image": "slo_fundus_07556.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5499, "image": "slo_fundus_07870.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up in one year?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled for a follow-up in one year."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for a follow-up in one year?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled for a follow-up in one year."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 67, "image": "slo_fundus_07012.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Combigan and Prednisolone for inflammation and potential intraocular pressure increase. A uveitis specialist visit is recommended. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there sectoral iris atrophy present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows sectoral iris atrophy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Combigan and Prednisolone for inflammation and potential intraocular pressure increase. A uveitis specialist visit is recommended. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there sectoral iris atrophy present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows sectoral iris atrophy in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4346, "image": "slo_fundus_07687.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low suspect for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a low suspect for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low suspect for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient is considered a low suspect for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4620, "image": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the symptoms start in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the symptoms started in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the symptoms start in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the symptoms started in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 722, "image": "slo_fundus_07120.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4359, "image": "slo_fundus_07688.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are warm compresses part of the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, warm compresses are part of the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are warm compresses part of the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, warm compresses are part of the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5689, "image": "slo_fundus_07898.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as indicated in the image and report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3393, "image": "slo_fundus_07538.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of recurrent chalazion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of recurrent chalazion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of recurrent chalazion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of recurrent chalazion."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4792, "image": "slo_fundus_07759.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone glaucoma testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone glaucoma testing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone glaucoma testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone glaucoma testing."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1693, "image": "slo_fundus_07271.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are visual field defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has visual field defects in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are visual field defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has visual field defects in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4910, "image": "slo_fundus_07775.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y/o woman with cystic fibrosis, post double lung and liver transplant, DM1. No diabetic retinopathy, cataracts not significant. Limbal lesion os. No family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure 16/15. Tests showed possible inferior nasal step in visual field, to be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the choroidal folds visually significant for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the choroidal folds are visually significant for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y/o woman with cystic fibrosis, post double lung and liver transplant, DM1. No diabetic retinopathy, cataracts not significant. Limbal lesion os. No family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure 16/15. Tests showed possible inferior nasal step in visual field, to be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the choroidal folds visually significant for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the choroidal folds are visually significant for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4062, "image": "slo_fundus_07641.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a meningioma that is causing optic neuropathy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, the patient has a meningioma that is causing optic neuropathy in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a meningioma that is causing optic neuropathy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient has a meningioma that is causing optic neuropathy in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6206, "image": "slo_fundus_07989.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the note indicate that the patient is receiving treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the note indicates that the patient is receiving treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the note indicate that the patient is receiving treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the note indicates that the patient is receiving treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6269, "image": "slo_fundus_08000.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing worsening near vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing worsening near vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing worsening near vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing worsening near vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1864, "image": "slo_fundus_07299.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient returned for follow-up after extensive imaging. Eye exam showed possible abnormality in ellipsoid zone OS only, with no intraocular inflammation. Possible white dot syndrome or similar condition suggested. Family history of RP. Referral scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have small optic nerves?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has small optic nerves."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient returned for follow-up after extensive imaging. Eye exam showed possible abnormality in ellipsoid zone OS only, with no intraocular inflammation. Possible white dot syndrome or similar condition suggested. Family history of RP. Referral scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have small optic nerves?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has small optic nerves."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2717, "image": "slo_fundus_07432.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with high myopia, posterior staphyloma, pigmented lattice degeneration, Fuch's spot & cataracts (od>os), dry eye. Possible glaucoma; IOP 20 ou, optic nerve issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with preservative-free cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with preservative-free cosopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with high myopia, posterior staphyloma, pigmented lattice degeneration, Fuch's spot & cataracts (od>os), dry eye. Possible glaucoma; IOP 20 ou, optic nerve issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with preservative-free cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with preservative-free cosopt."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 983, "image": "slo_fundus_07162.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism, as mentioned in the image and report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2859, "image": "slo_fundus_07453.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing ongoing mild discomfort?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing ongoing mild discomfort."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing ongoing mild discomfort?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing ongoing mild discomfort."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 23, "image": "slo_fundus_07004.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's posterior capsule remain intact?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's posterior capsule remains intact in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's posterior capsule remain intact?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's posterior capsule remains intact."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4628, "image": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with dry eye disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with dry eye disease."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5606, "image": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have iris nevi?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has iris nevi, which are benign pigmented lesions on the iris."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have iris nevi?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has iris nevi."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4611, "image": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal macula?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a normal macula."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal macula?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a normal macula."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1674, "image": "slo_fundus_07268.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced transient blurry peripheral vision in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced transient blurry peripheral vision in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced transient blurry peripheral vision in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced transient blurry peripheral vision in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3160, "image": "slo_fundus_07501.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4864, "image": "slo_fundus_07769.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of thinning in the optic disc of the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of thinning in the optic disc of the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of thinning in the optic disc of the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of thinning in the optic disc of the right eye (OD) in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1095, "image": "slo_fundus_07180.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3206, "image": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown a steroid response to durezol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown a steroid response to durezol, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown a steroid response to durezol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown a steroid response to durezol."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5864, "image": "slo_fundus_07928.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 664, "image": "slo_fundus_07110.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with moderate severity in the right eye and severe in the left. They have shown intolerance to various glaucoma medications and may require surgery (trabeculectomy) in the future. They also have hypothyroidism and high lipid disorder. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the information provided sufficient to determine a specific treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the information provided is not sufficient to determine a specific treatment plan. The treatment plan should be determined by a healthcare professional based on the patient's medical history, symptoms, and other relevant factors."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with moderate severity in the right eye and severe in the left. They have shown intolerance to various glaucoma medications and may require surgery (trabeculectomy) in the future. They also have hypothyroidism and high lipid disorder. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the information provided sufficient to determine a specific treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the information provided is not sufficient to determine a specific treatment plan. The treatment plan should be determined by a healthcare professional based on the patient's individual needs, medical history, and other relevant factors."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5566, "image": "slo_fundus_07880.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at risk for developing glaucoma in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes and has a family history of glaucoma. This puts him at risk for developing glaucoma in the future."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at risk for developing glaucoma in the future?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is at risk for developing glaucoma in the future, as there is a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3958, "image": "slo_fundus_07625.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning in the temporal region of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows thinning in the temporal region of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female with history of metastatic leiomyosarcoma and hemorrhagic brain metastasis has ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. She's not using glaucoma medication due to a misunderstanding. Cataract noted but not significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning in the temporal region of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows thinning in the temporal region of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1891, "image": "slo_fundus_07302.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error of -0.50 in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error of -0.50 in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error of -0.50 in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error of -0.50 in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5381, "image": "slo_fundus_07851.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has oral therapy been advised for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, oral therapy has been advised for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has oral therapy been advised for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, oral therapy has been advised for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4048, "image": "slo_fundus_07638.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma in her right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma in her right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5936, "image": "slo_fundus_07941.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were retinal detachment precautions discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, retinal detachment precautions were discussed with the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were retinal detachment precautions discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that retinal detachment precautions were discussed with the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3858, "image": "slo_fundus_07612.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is monitoring the patient's glaucoma a challenging task?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, monitoring glaucoma can be challenging, especially in patients with narrow angle glaucoma, hyperopia, and a history of corneal abrasion. It is important for healthcare professionals to closely monitor these patients to ensure proper management and treatment of their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is monitoring the patient's glaucoma a challenging task?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, monitoring the patient's glaucoma can be challenging due to the presence of narrow angle glaucoma, hyperopia, and a history of corneal abrasion. These factors can make it more difficult to accurately assess the patient's condition and determine the appropriate treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6230, "image": "slo_fundus_07993.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's visit is for follow-up of glaucoma suspicion & small ped os. They have normal oct rnfl & gc complex, mild superior thinning of LOCATION but unchanged gc. No previous eye exams or family history of glaucoma. IOP and astigmatism are normal. Will be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's visit is for follow-up of glaucoma suspicion & small ped os. They have normal oct rnfl & gc complex, mild superior thinning of LOCATION but unchanged gc. No previous eye exams or family history of glaucoma. IOP and astigmatism are normal. Will be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5988, "image": "slo_fundus_07950.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2351, "image": "slo_fundus_07375.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient tolerating Trusopt well?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be tolerating Trusopt well."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient tolerating Trusopt well?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be tolerating Trusopt well."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4867, "image": "slo_fundus_07770.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed cataract surgery for both eyes, and the risks were explained, including pain, infection, visual issues, and the potential need for further surgeries. The benefits of improved vision and intraocular pressure control were also discussed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears recommended for use in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, artificial tears are recommended for use in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed cataract surgery for both eyes, and the risks were explained, including pain, infection, visual issues, and the potential need for further surgeries. The benefits of improved vision and intraocular pressure control were also discussed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears recommended for use in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, artificial tears are recommended for use in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1006, "image": "slo_fundus_07165.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) high?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is high in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) high?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is high in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3412, "image": "slo_fundus_07542.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female with history of spina bifida and mucous membrane pemphigoid, currently a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has cataracts, dry eye disease, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error, but none requiring immediate intervention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a senile cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a senile cataract in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female with history of spina bifida and mucous membrane pemphigoid, currently a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has cataracts, dry eye disease, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error, but none requiring immediate intervention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a senile cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a senile cataract in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4978, "image": "slo_fundus_07786.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently started treatment with Latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has recently started treatment with Latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently started treatment with Latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has recently started treatment with Latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3350, "image": "slo_fundus_07531.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis, which is a characteristic finding in the fundus image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5902, "image": "slo_fundus_07935.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Vyzulta and BGI/MPCPC being considered as future treatment options for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Vyzulta and BGI/MPCPC are being considered as future treatment options for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Vyzulta and BGI/MPCPC being considered as future treatment options for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that Vyzulta and BGI/MPCPC are being considered as future treatment options for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3, "image": "slo_fundus_07001.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old man has a history of increased c/d ratio, referred for further glaucoma evaluation. The test results show signs of glaucoma with possible progression. Other conditions include mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the medications brimonidine, azopt, and rhopressa found to be ineffective for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the medications brimonidine, azopt, and rhopressa were found to be ineffective for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old man has a history of increased c/d ratio, referred for further glaucoma evaluation. The test results show signs of glaucoma with possible progression. Other conditions include mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the medications brimonidine, azopt, and rhopressa found to be ineffective for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the medications brimonidine, azopt, and rhopressa were found to be ineffective for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3791, "image": "slo_fundus_07600.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the intraocular pressure (IOP) improve after stopping steroid nasal spray?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) improved after stopping the steroid nasal spray."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the intraocular pressure (IOP) improve after stopping steroid nasal spray?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP improved after stopping the steroid nasal spray."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2056, "image": "slo_fundus_07327.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed drops to reduce intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed drops to reduce intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed drops to reduce intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed drops to reduce intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3081, "image": "slo_fundus_07488.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience occasional migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experiences occasional migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience occasional migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experiences occasional migraines."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 114, "image": "slo_fundus_07018.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI reveal an incidental finding of empty sella?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MRI revealed an incidental finding of empty sella."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI reveal an incidental finding of empty sella?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MRI revealed an incidental finding of empty sella."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 703, "image": "slo_fundus_07117.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have there been recent changes to the patient's medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has recently switched from timolol to brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, severe in left. Presence of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts in both eyes. Also has DM2. Intolerant to timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have there been recent changes to the patient's medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been switched to a different medication due to intolerance to timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2291, "image": "slo_fundus_07366.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes. Previously had selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatments. SLT was halted due to COVID-19 and issues with drop compliance. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is too high. Asthmatic, can't take timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the visual field test show new changes for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual field test showed new changes for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes. Previously had selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatments. SLT was halted due to COVID-19 and issues with drop compliance. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is too high. Asthmatic, can't take timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the visual field test show new changes for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual field test showed new changes for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5631, "image": "slo_fundus_07891.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking aspirin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking aspirin."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking aspirin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking aspirin."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5312, "image": "slo_fundus_07840.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5158, "image": "slo_fundus_07814.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require close monitoring for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient requires close monitoring for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require close monitoring for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient requires close monitoring for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1953, "image": "slo_fundus_07311.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have open angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has open angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have open angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has open angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1513, "image": "slo_fundus_07240.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to increased C:D ratio, though condition is controlled. Patient has decreased nasal steroid use and switched to PO allergy meds. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes currently normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes is currently normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to increased C:D ratio, though condition is controlled. Patient has decreased nasal steroid use and switched to PO allergy meds. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes currently normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes is currently normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 354, "image": "slo_fundus_07058.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a regular eye exam recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a regular eye exam is recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a regular eye exam recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a regular eye exam is recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1523, "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to have dry eyes, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5624, "image": "slo_fundus_07889.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's eye pressure currently under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye pressure is currently under control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's eye pressure currently under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye pressure is currently under control."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6045, "image": "slo_fundus_07959.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the retinal nerve fiber layer stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the retinal nerve fiber layer appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Long-term patient at JHU has primary angle closure glaucoma, stable with IOP in low range. Underwent glaucoma procedures in both eyes: laser peripheral iridotomy. Previous procedures include trabeculectomy, cataract extractions and diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the retinal nerve fiber layer stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the retinal nerve fiber layer appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6170, "image": "slo_fundus_07982.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma currently controlled in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the glaucoma is currently controlled in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma currently controlled in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the glaucoma is currently controlled in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 521, "image": "slo_fundus_07086.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of knee replacement, hernia, cataract surgery, GERD, osteomyelitis, hypertension, and congenital absence of one testis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes appears to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of knee replacement, hernia, cataract surgery, GERD, osteomyelitis, hypertension, and congenital absence of one testis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the patient's eyes appears to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4688, "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed any glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed any glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3051, "image": "slo_fundus_07483.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of glaucoma mentioned in the summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of glaucoma mentioned in the summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5220, "image": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma more advanced in the right eye than in the left?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma appears to be more advanced in the right eye compared to the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma more advanced in the right eye than in the left?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma appears to be more advanced in the right eye than in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 427, "image": "slo_fundus_07072.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old patient with history of diabetes, glaucoma under suspicion, and other conditions. Oct testing reveals thinning, but no need for intervention now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost for their ocular condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old patient with history of diabetes, glaucoma under suspicion, and other conditions. Oct testing reveals thinning, but no need for intervention now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost for their ocular condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4859, "image": "slo_fundus_07769.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3363, "image": "slo_fundus_07533.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is an NRP woman with high blood pressure and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in her left eye, borderline intraocular pressure recorded in September 2016. She also has age-related macular degeneration. Treatment plan includes monitoring and no drops for now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were OCT scans performed on the optic nerve in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, OCT scans were performed on the optic nerve in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is an NRP woman with high blood pressure and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in her left eye, borderline intraocular pressure recorded in September 2016. She also has age-related macular degeneration. Treatment plan includes monitoring and no drops for now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were OCT scans performed on the optic nerve in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, OCT scans were performed on the optic nerve in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4887, "image": "slo_fundus_07773.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with dry eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 788, "image": "slo_fundus_07131.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cortical cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cortical cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cortical cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cortical cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 801, "image": "slo_fundus_07133.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the early posterior capsule opacification currently impact the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the early posterior capsule opacification does not currently impact the patient's vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the early posterior capsule opacification currently impact the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the early posterior capsule opacification does not currently impact the patient's vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4183, "image": "slo_fundus_07660.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old woman has anatomically narrow eye angles but they are not occludable. She's advised to monitor for changes and avoid medications like antihistamines that can worsen the condition. She is a low-risk glaucoma suspect. Her narrow angles are stable with the continued use of Allegra. She also has chalazion in her right eye, which is healing but still erythematous. The patient will undertake a short course of Tobradex ointment, but with caution regarding potential elevated intraocular pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were optic nerve check-ups mentioned for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, optic nerve check-ups were mentioned for both eyes in the reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old woman has anatomically narrow eye angles but they are not occludable. She's advised to monitor for changes and avoid medications like antihistamines that can worsen the condition. She is a low-risk glaucoma suspect. Her narrow angles are stable with the continued use of Allegra. She also has chalazion in her right eye, which is healing but still erythematous. The patient will undertake a short course of Tobradex ointment, but with caution regarding potential elevated intraocular pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were optic nerve check-ups mentioned for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, optic nerve check-ups were mentioned for both eyes in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2988, "image": "slo_fundus_07474.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with borderline glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with borderline glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with borderline glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with borderline glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3477, "image": "slo_fundus_07552.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss anticipated complications of the upcoming surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reference report indicates that infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss are anticipated complications of the upcoming surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss anticipated complications of the upcoming surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the upcoming surgery may have infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss as potential complications."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1023, "image": "slo_fundus_07169.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the suspicion of glaucoma due to a borderline cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the suspicion of glaucoma in this case is due to a borderline cup/disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the suspicion of glaucoma due to a borderline cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the suspicion of glaucoma in this case is due to a borderline cup/disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1683, "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3333, "image": "slo_fundus_07528.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having MS due to numb sensations in extremities and optic neuritis, though vision is stable with no recent evidence of optic neuritis. MRI shows nonspecific white matter lesions that could be demyelinating. No evidence of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was nocturnal hypotension discussed as a potential contributing factor to the patient's normal-tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nocturnal hypotension was discussed as a potential contributing factor to the patient's normal-tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having MS due to numb sensations in extremities and optic neuritis, though vision is stable with no recent evidence of optic neuritis. MRI shows nonspecific white matter lesions that could be demyelinating. No evidence of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was nocturnal hypotension discussed as a potential contributing factor to the patient's normal-tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that nocturnal hypotension was discussed as a potential contributing factor to the patient's normal-tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5584, "image": "slo_fundus_07883.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3841, "image": "slo_fundus_07608.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old male patient has a history of HSV keratitis OS, epiretinal membrane OU, moderate NRP OD, mild NRP OS, and non-visually significant cataracts OU. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is continued latanoprost treatment being recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being recommended to continue latanoprost treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old male patient has a history of HSV keratitis OS, epiretinal membrane OU, moderate NRP OD, mild NRP OS, and non-visually significant cataracts OU. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is continued latanoprost treatment being recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that continued latanoprost treatment is being recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2644, "image": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1324, "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with Tobradex ophthalmic solution?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with Tobradex ophthalmic solution."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with Tobradex ophthalmic solution?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with Tobradex ophthalmic solution."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3411, "image": "slo_fundus_07541.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did care coordination take place for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, care coordination took place for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did care coordination take place for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, care coordination took place for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4826, "image": "slo_fundus_07763.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the OCT RNFL imaging show definite thinning for PERSON A Milas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCT RNFL imaging does not show definite thinning for PERSON A Milas."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the OCT RNFL imaging show definite thinning for PERSON A Milas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCT RNFL imaging does not show definite thinning for PERSON A Milas."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4671, "image": "slo_fundus_07739.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms) present in the eye image?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye image shows peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms) present in the eye image?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye image shows the presence of peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4403, "image": "slo_fundus_07697.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1261, "image": "slo_fundus_07203.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuritis. Treatment with steroids is currently unnecessary due to good visual acuity. Blood work for multiple tests scheduled and referral to neurology for additional testing; MS possible. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuritis. Treatment with steroids is currently unnecessary due to good visual acuity. Blood work for multiple tests scheduled and referral to neurology for additional testing; MS possible. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4569, "image": "slo_fundus_07722.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is keratosis present in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye examination revealed the presence of keratosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is keratosis present in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye examination revealed the presence of keratosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1981, "image": "slo_fundus_07315.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) slightly higher than normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly higher than normal for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) slightly higher than normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly higher than normal for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2503, "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medications for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medications for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medications for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medications for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4268, "image": "slo_fundus_07675.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6227, "image": "slo_fundus_07992.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is timolol planned to be started as a treatment for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, timolol is planned to be started as a treatment for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is timolol planned to be started as a treatment for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, timolol is planned to be started as a treatment for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2347, "image": "slo_fundus_07375.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the use of beta blockers been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the use of beta blockers has been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the use of beta blockers been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the use of beta blockers has been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2746, "image": "slo_fundus_07436.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic issues more significant in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic issues appear to be more significant in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic issues more significant in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic issues appear to be more significant in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5773, "image": "slo_fundus_07914.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's optic nerve stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's optic nerve appears to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's optic nerve stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's optic nerve appears to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3274, "image": "slo_fundus_07519.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of an epiretinal membrane in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of an epiretinal membrane in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2849, "image": "slo_fundus_07451.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications for both eyes: Teal - 1x/night, Purple and Timolol1 - 2x/day, Ofloxacin - left eye as per Dr. and White/Netarsudil - 1x/night. The presence of glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a hemiretinal vein occlusion present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows a hemiretinal vein occlusion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications for both eyes: Teal - 1x/night, Purple and Timolol1 - 2x/day, Ofloxacin - left eye as per Dr. and White/Netarsudil - 1x/night. The presence of glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a hemiretinal vein occlusion present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows a hemiretinal vein occlusion."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 755, "image": "slo_fundus_07125.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has entropion in the lower eyelid possibly causing conjunctivitis and eye discharge. Report shows infiltrative right optic neuropathy, inferior visual field loss, and edema in the right optic disc, indicative of CLL infiltration. Also presents with Sneddon Wilkinson syndrome, ERM OS, tilted optic disc OS, and likely mechanical abduction deficits. Glaucoma is not reported. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in Alice's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in Alice's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has entropion in the lower eyelid possibly causing conjunctivitis and eye discharge. Report shows infiltrative right optic neuropathy, inferior visual field loss, and edema in the right optic disc, indicative of CLL infiltration. Also presents with Sneddon Wilkinson syndrome, ERM OS, tilted optic disc OS, and likely mechanical abduction deficits. Glaucoma is not reported. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in Alice's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in Alice's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1561, "image": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered in the left eye twice daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently administering Dorzolamide in the left eye twice daily."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered in the left eye twice daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Dorzolamide is being administered in the left eye twice daily."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1405, "image": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the prednisolone dosage decreased for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the prednisolone dosage was decreased for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the prednisolone dosage decreased for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the prednisolone dosage was decreased for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 393, "image": "slo_fundus_07066.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2147, "image": "slo_fundus_07341.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 y.o. black, Unknown male, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glaucoma tests scheduled to be reviewed at a later time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma tests are scheduled to be reviewed at a later time."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 y.o. black, Unknown male, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glaucoma tests scheduled to be reviewed at a later time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma tests are scheduled to be reviewed at a later time."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 129, "image": "slo_fundus_07021.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pigmentary glaucoma only present in one eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pigmentary glaucoma is present in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pigmentary glaucoma only present in one eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pigmentary glaucoma is present in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3723, "image": "slo_fundus_07590.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient require a new eyeglass prescription at the time of the visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not require a new eyeglass prescription at the time of the visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient require a new eyeglass prescription at the time of the visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not require a new eyeglass prescription at the time of the visit."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3503, "image": "slo_fundus_07556.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the goal for the left eye to have an intraocular pressure of 15 mmHg or less?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the goal for the left eye is to maintain an intraocular pressure of 15 mmHg or less."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the goal for the left eye to have an intraocular pressure of 15 mmHg or less?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the goal for the left eye is to maintain an intraocular pressure of 15 mmHg or less."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1461, "image": "slo_fundus_07231.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been cleared to restart ethambutol after experiencing vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been cleared to restart ethambutol after experiencing vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been cleared to restart ethambutol after experiencing vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been cleared to restart ethambutol after experiencing vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3725, "image": "slo_fundus_07590.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any known allergies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have any known allergies."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any known allergies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have any known allergies."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6222, "image": "slo_fundus_07991.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of conjunctivitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had a history of conjunctivitis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of conjunctivitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of conjunctivitis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 41, "image": "slo_fundus_07008.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye & is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye & is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 442, "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have difficulty adhering to their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has difficulty adhering to their medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have difficulty adhering to their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has difficulty adhering to their medication regimen, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4536, "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently had pneumonia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had pneumonia 2 months prior to the visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently had pneumonia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had pneumonia 3 months ago."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3990, "image": "slo_fundus_07630.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there a few drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a few drusen present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there a few drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a few drusen present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 359, "image": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced recurrent mild Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced recurrent mild Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced recurrent mild Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced recurrent mild Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1446, "image": "slo_fundus_07228.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline thinning ou and macular changes os. Risks discussed include high IOP, inflammation, and worsening glaucoma. Patient has agreed to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty surgery for glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the optic nerve appearance of the patient seem borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve appearance of the patient appears to be borderline, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline thinning ou and macular changes os. Risks discussed include high IOP, inflammation, and worsening glaucoma. Patient has agreed to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty surgery for glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the optic nerve appearance of the patient seem borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve appearance of the patient appears to be borderline, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 410, "image": "slo_fundus_07070.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased cup/disc ratio present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup/disc ratio is present in both eyes, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased cup/disc ratio present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup/disc ratio is present in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 195, "image": "slo_fundus_07031.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild cataract present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild cataract present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has early, non-significant cataracts in their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5493, "image": "slo_fundus_07870.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio 0.60 in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in the right eye (OD) is 0.60."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio 0.60 in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in the right eye (OD) is 0.60."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2092, "image": "slo_fundus_07332.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient need to continue using artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient needs to continue using artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient need to continue using artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient needs to continue using artificial tears."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5803, "image": "slo_fundus_07918.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to return to the clinic for reassessment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to return to the clinic for reassessment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to return to the clinic for reassessment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to return to the clinic for reassessment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3254, "image": "slo_fundus_07515.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned as a concern for this patient in the provided information."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned as a concern for this patient in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1506, "image": "slo_fundus_07239.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1761, "image": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the ocular hypertension in the right eye being controlled with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the ocular hypertension in the right eye is being controlled with timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the ocular hypertension in the right eye being controlled with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ocular hypertension in the right eye is being controlled with timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4250, "image": "slo_fundus_07671.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient chosen to defer getting a glasses prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has chosen to defer getting a glasses prescription."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient chosen to defer getting a glasses prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has chosen to defer getting a glasses prescription."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3048, "image": "slo_fundus_07483.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have excellent intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has excellent intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have excellent intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has excellent intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1344, "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to take pre-operative medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to take pre-operative medications, which include brimonidine and latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to take pre-operative medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to take pre-operative medications."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5848, "image": "slo_fundus_07926.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there cataracts present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there cataracts present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 826, "image": "slo_fundus_07137.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient may require intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4633, "image": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient recently given a new eyeglass prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was recently given a new eyeglass prescription."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient recently given a new eyeglass prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was given a new eyeglass prescription."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5677, "image": "slo_fundus_07896.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3615, "image": "slo_fundus_07574.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates the patient has stable glaucoma and cataracts. They use Lumigan for glaucoma treatment. Patient is moderate-risk for disease progression without proper medication and follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a COVID prescreening completed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a COVID prescreening was completed for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates the patient has stable glaucoma and cataracts. They use Lumigan for glaucoma treatment. Patient is moderate-risk for disease progression without proper medication and follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a COVID prescreening completed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient completed a COVID prescreening."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3642, "image": "slo_fundus_07577.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is concomitant glaucoma surgery planned along with the cataract operation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to undergo concomitant glaucoma surgery along with the cataract operation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is concomitant glaucoma surgery planned along with the cataract operation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that concomitant glaucoma surgery is planned along with the cataract operation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2973, "image": "slo_fundus_07471.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the macular pucker more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the macular pucker appears to be more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the macular pucker more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the macular pucker appears to be more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1534, "image": "slo_fundus_07243.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes, suspected glaucoma due to cup/disc ratio asymmetry but no family history. Intraocular pressure 18/16. Hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism are also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient often experience blurriness with her contact lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient often experiences blurriness with her contact lenses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes, suspected glaucoma due to cup/disc ratio asymmetry but no family history. Intraocular pressure 18/16. Hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism are also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient often experience blurriness with her contact lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient often experiences blurriness with her contact lenses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5020, "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2977, "image": "slo_fundus_07472.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have full visual fields?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has full visual fields."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have full visual fields?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has full visual fields."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5165, "image": "slo_fundus_07815.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note talks about a patient with bilateral posterior uveitis. Recommendations include routine follow-ups, prednisone taper, and updated glasses. A decision on a CT chest scan is deferred. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the reference reports."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note talks about a patient with bilateral posterior uveitis. Recommendations include routine follow-ups, prednisone taper, and updated glasses. A decision on a CT chest scan is deferred. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2547, "image": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient intolerant to the medication brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is intolerant to the medication brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient intolerant to the medication brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is intolerant to the medication brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1187, "image": "slo_fundus_07193.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hermia Mason have diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hermia Mason does not have diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hermia Mason have diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hermia Mason does not have diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 569, "image": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 582, "image": "slo_fundus_07097.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffered from vision loss and showed signs of convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4179, "image": "slo_fundus_07659.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2700, "image": "slo_fundus_07429.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure within normal limits for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is within normal limits for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure within normal limits for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is within normal limits for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2237, "image": "slo_fundus_07357.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2646, "image": "slo_fundus_07421.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye at a moderate stage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is at a moderate stage."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye at a moderate stage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma in the left eye is at a moderate stage."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2573, "image": "slo_fundus_07409.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using preservative-free artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using preservative-free artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using preservative-free artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using preservative-free artificial tears."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2935, "image": "slo_fundus_07464.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the note."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5520, "image": "slo_fundus_07873.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma confirmed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not confirmed in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma confirmed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not confirmed in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6098, "image": "slo_fundus_07968.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's glaucoma currently uncontrolled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's glaucoma is currently uncontrolled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's glaucoma currently uncontrolled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's glaucoma is currently uncontrolled."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 333, "image": "slo_fundus_07055.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4279, "image": "slo_fundus_07677.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously have good eye pressure control on Alphagan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient previously had good eye pressure control on Alphagan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously have good eye pressure control on Alphagan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient previously had good eye pressure control on Alphagan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4150, "image": "slo_fundus_07656.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient complained of eye pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has complained of eye pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient complained of eye pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has complained of eye pain."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4096, "image": "slo_fundus_07646.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the left eye's reliability during the glaucoma tests considered borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye's reliability during the glaucoma tests was considered borderline."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the left eye's reliability during the glaucoma tests considered borderline?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye's reliability during the glaucoma tests was considered borderline."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 595, "image": "slo_fundus_07100.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides instructions for creating and accessing a Partners Patient Gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the assistance with the glaucoma diagnosis occur at a specified location?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the assistance with the glaucoma diagnosis occurred at the Ophthalmology Department of the hospital."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides instructions for creating and accessing a Partners Patient Gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the assistance with the glaucoma diagnosis occur at a specified location?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the assistance with the glaucoma diagnosis occurred at a specific location, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 367, "image": "slo_fundus_07061.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Majority of visit spent on patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced issues with certain glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced issues with certain glaucoma medications, specifically latanoprost and brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Majority of visit spent on patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced issues with certain glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced issues with certain glaucoma medications, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2525, "image": "slo_fundus_07403.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4658, "image": "slo_fundus_07736.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerve findings borderline in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve findings in the right eye are borderline."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerve findings borderline in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve findings in the right eye are borderline."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2154, "image": "slo_fundus_07343.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone repeat Humphrey visual field testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone repeat Humphrey visual field testing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone repeat Humphrey visual field testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone repeat Humphrey visual field testing."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5121, "image": "slo_fundus_07809.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note mentions the presence of glaucoma. It also mentions appointments and orders for the patient, such as an ambulatory referral to ophthalmology and tests for both eyes. Additionally, the patient has anemia and facial palsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased cup to disc ratio more pronounced in the left eye compared to the right?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup to disc ratio is more pronounced in the left eye compared to the right."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note mentions the presence of glaucoma. It also mentions appointments and orders for the patient, such as an ambulatory referral to ophthalmology and tests for both eyes. Additionally, the patient has anemia and facial palsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased cup to disc ratio more pronounced in the left eye compared to the right?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup to disc ratio is more pronounced in the left eye compared to the right."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6157, "image": "slo_fundus_07979.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is early cataract surgery being considered for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that early cataract surgery is being considered for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is early cataract surgery being considered for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, early cataract surgery is being considered for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 684, "image": "slo_fundus_07114.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience intermittent itching in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experiences intermittent itching in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience intermittent itching in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experiences intermittent itching in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1570, "image": "slo_fundus_07250.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have benign hyperpigmentation on the lower lid margin of one eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has benign hyperpigmentation on the lower lid margin of one eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have benign hyperpigmentation on the lower lid margin of one eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has benign hyperpigmentation on the lower lid margin of one eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1193, "image": "slo_fundus_07194.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note explicitly state that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not explicitly state that the patient has glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note explicitly state that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not explicitly state that the patient has glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5759, "image": "slo_fundus_07911.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. No immunizations administered on visit date. Account ready for activation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there mild nasal fullness noted in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye examination revealed mild nasal fullness."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. No immunizations administered on visit date. Account ready for activation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there mild nasal fullness noted in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mild nasal fullness was noted in the patient's eye examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6176, "image": "slo_fundus_07983.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of NAION in left eye with 20/300 vision & diffuse pallor. Right eye shows borderline thinning on macular OCT. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been switched to xelpros for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been switched to xelpros for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of NAION in left eye with 20/300 vision & diffuse pallor. Right eye shows borderline thinning on macular OCT. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been switched to xelpros for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been switched to xelpros for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2818, "image": "slo_fundus_07446.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have latanoprost and brimonidine been prescribed as alternative medications for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost and brimonidine have been prescribed as alternative medications for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have latanoprost and brimonidine been prescribed as alternative medications for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost and brimonidine have been prescribed as alternative medications for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 872, "image": "slo_fundus_07145.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have blepharitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have blepharitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6242, "image": "slo_fundus_07995.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, more in right eye. Stable vision. No rise in eye pressure. Choroidal nevus in left eye & presbyopia. Plan: Yearly eye check, repeat HVF & OCT test. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, more in right eye. Stable vision. No rise in eye pressure. Choroidal nevus in left eye & presbyopia. Plan: Yearly eye check, repeat HVF & OCT test. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1129, "image": "slo_fundus_07185.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5782, "image": "slo_fundus_07915.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cataract extraction being considered as a treatment option for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cataract extraction is being considered as a treatment option for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cataract extraction being considered as a treatment option for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cataract extraction is being considered as a treatment option for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2910, "image": "slo_fundus_07460.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is stroke testing recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, stroke testing is recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is stroke testing recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, stroke testing is recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1577, "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under suspicion for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently under suspicion for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under suspicion for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently under suspicion for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5594, "image": "slo_fundus_07884.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have macular drusen in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has macular drusen in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have macular drusen in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has macular drusen in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 471, "image": "slo_fundus_07078.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis. Intraocular pressure checked, potential for selective laser trabeculoplasty discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is further visual field testing planned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, further visual field testing is planned for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis. Intraocular pressure checked, potential for selective laser trabeculoplasty discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is further visual field testing planned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, further visual field testing is planned for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2784, "image": "slo_fundus_07440.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been detected in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been detected in the patient based on the provided information."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been detected in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been detected in the patient based on the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5167, "image": "slo_fundus_07816.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a visual field test performed on the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a visual field test was performed on the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a visual field test performed on the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a visual field test was performed on the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5504, "image": "slo_fundus_07871.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in Ms. DATE_TIME's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the eye examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in Ms. DATE_TIME's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the eye examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5471, "image": "slo_fundus_07867.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 52-year-old male patient is suspected of having glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and possible angle recession. He also has high myopia and non-significant early cataracts. Therapy will be considered if his condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific visual field defects observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has non-specific visual field defects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 52-year-old male patient is suspected of having glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio and possible angle recession. He also has high myopia and non-significant early cataracts. Therapy will be considered if his condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific visual field defects observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are non-specific visual field defects observed in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3481, "image": "slo_fundus_07553.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note involves a patient who had an MRI of the brain and spine to assess for new lesions. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a small right pituitary adenoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a small right pituitary adenoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note involves a patient who had an MRI of the brain and spine to assess for new lesions. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a small right pituitary adenoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a small right pituitary adenoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 590, "image": "slo_fundus_07099.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal tear in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a retinal tear in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal tear in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a retinal tear in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 312, "image": "slo_fundus_07051.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an optic nerve assessment conducted for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an optic nerve assessment was conducted for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an optic nerve assessment conducted for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an optic nerve assessment was conducted for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4145, "image": "slo_fundus_07656.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses evaluation for a CSF leak as a cause of positional headache. Over half the visit was spent on patient counseling/coordinating care. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3421, "image": "slo_fundus_07543.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note pertains to a 63yo assistant clerk magistrate with history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea using CPAP and suspected glaucoma (more in left eye than right). There is slight thinning observed in the left eye. Follow-up is scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypercholesterolemia is one of the conditions noted for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note pertains to a 63yo assistant clerk magistrate with history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea using CPAP and suspected glaucoma (more in left eye than right). There is slight thinning observed in the left eye. Follow-up is scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypercholesterolemia is one of the conditions noted for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5341, "image": "slo_fundus_07845.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased c/d ratio and possible pseudoexfoliation. No maximum eye pressure known, but goal is under 20. Patient is post cataract surgery in both eyes, has a history of hyperopia, and dry age-related macular degeneration. Also has allergies to tetracycline, hypertension, and diabetes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased c/d ratio and possible pseudoexfoliation. No maximum eye pressure known, but goal is under 20. Patient is post cataract surgery in both eyes, has a history of hyperopia, and dry age-related macular degeneration. Also has allergies to tetracycline, hypertension, and diabetes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 85, "image": "slo_fundus_07014.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69 y.o. female has a history of lymphoma, anal cancer, hypertension, herpes labialis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She presents ptosis od, mild xt, and symmetric pupils. The patient has a history of glaucoma with a stable condition. Also, a history of uveitis and epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have angle recession in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has angle recession in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69 y.o. female has a history of lymphoma, anal cancer, hypertension, herpes labialis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She presents ptosis od, mild xt, and symmetric pupils. The patient has a history of glaucoma with a stable condition. Also, a history of uveitis and epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have angle recession in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has angle recession in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 563, "image": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have old pigment in the vitreous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has old pigment in the vitreous."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have old pigment in the vitreous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has old pigment in the vitreous."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4808, "image": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require distance lenses for vision correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires distance lenses for vision correction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require distance lenses for vision correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires distance lenses for vision correction."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5429, "image": "slo_fundus_07860.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old male patient has a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and sleep apnea. Incident of car hatch slamming on head led to possible concussion. Issues include spontaneous tearing, irritation from CPAP mask, photophobia, and dry eyes. Significant findings include cataracts, bee sting history, and increased c/d ratio in both eyes indicating glaucoma, confirmed by family history. Also noted is decreased visual acuity OD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old male patient has a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and sleep apnea. Incident of car hatch slamming on head led to possible concussion. Issues include spontaneous tearing, irritation from CPAP mask, photophobia, and dry eyes. Significant findings include cataracts, bee sting history, and increased c/d ratio in both eyes indicating glaucoma, confirmed by family history. Also noted is decreased visual acuity OD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1495, "image": "slo_fundus_07237.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on any glaucoma medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on any glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on any glaucoma medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on any glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1030, "image": "slo_fundus_07170.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests a presence of glaucoma. Findings include os temporal borderline thinning, superior thinning of both eye (slightly worsened), borderline temp and nasal thinning. Blepharitis noted with possible demodex. Stable IOP observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the right eye likely due to uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the glaucoma in the right eye is likely due to uveitis, as mentioned in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests a presence of glaucoma. Findings include os temporal borderline thinning, superior thinning of both eye (slightly worsened), borderline temp and nasal thinning. Blepharitis noted with possible demodex. Stable IOP observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the right eye likely due to uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is unlikely that the glaucoma in the right eye is likely due to uveitis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2542, "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have any retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have any retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3049, "image": "slo_fundus_07483.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's corneas thin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's corneas are thin, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's corneas thin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's corneas are thin."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3026, "image": "slo_fundus_07479.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) control considered inadequate for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current IOP control is considered inadequate for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) control considered inadequate for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current IOP control is considered inadequate for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1340, "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking ASA or blood thinners?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking ASA or blood thinners."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking ASA or blood thinners?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking ASA or blood thinners."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5527, "image": "slo_fundus_07874.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tests planned to investigate the possibility of rod dystrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tests are planned to investigate the possibility of rod dystrophy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tests planned to investigate the possibility of rod dystrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tests are planned to investigate the possibility of rod dystrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2515, "image": "slo_fundus_07401.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 74-year-old patient has evaporative dry eye and is a low-risk suspect for glaucoma. They also have nuclear sclerotic cataract, bll steatoblepharon, and refractive error. Current treatments include warm compresses, Systane, omega 3, and updated glasses.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the symptoms of dry eyes worsen with computer use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the symptoms of dry eyes worsen with computer use for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 74-year-old patient has evaporative dry eye and is a low-risk suspect for glaucoma. They also have nuclear sclerotic cataract, bll steatoblepharon, and refractive error. Current treatments include warm compresses, Systane, omega 3, and updated glasses.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the symptoms of dry eyes worsen with computer use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the symptoms of dry eyes in this patient worsen with computer use."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 358, "image": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have stable Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has stable Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have stable Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has stable Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1021, "image": "slo_fundus_07169.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's cornea health improving following the alkali burn treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's cornea health appears to be improving following the alkali burn treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's cornea health improving following the alkali burn treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's cornea health appears to be improving following the alkali burn treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2387, "image": "slo_fundus_07380.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure readings normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure readings in the image are normal for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure readings normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure readings in the image are normal for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 15, "image": "slo_fundus_07003.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced eye trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced eye trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2455, "image": "slo_fundus_07393.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of progressing visual field loss in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report show evidence of progressing visual field loss in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of progressing visual field loss in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of progressing visual field loss in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1684, "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are regular eye exams recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, regular eye exams are recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are regular eye exams recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, regular eye exams are recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5017, "image": "slo_fundus_07793.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressures normal in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressures in this patient are normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressures normal in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressures in this patient are normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5022, "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing orbital pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing orbital pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing orbital pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing orbital pain."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2864, "image": "slo_fundus_07453.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are current evaluations consistent with a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the current evaluations do not appear to be consistent with a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are current evaluations consistent with a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the current evaluations do not appear to be consistent with a diagnosis of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1810, "image": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the afferent exam show excellent vision for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the afferent exam shows excellent vision for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the afferent exam show excellent vision for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the afferent exam shows excellent vision for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2643, "image": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts considered non-visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts are considered non-visually significant in this case."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 48 y.o. male has asymmetrical c:d ratio, normal ocular tests, stable intraocular pressure. No glaucoma but risk discussed, observation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts considered non-visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts are considered non-visually significant in the context of the fundus image and the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4453, "image": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudophakia in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudophakia in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4679, "image": "slo_fundus_07740.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has any glaucoma damage been observed in the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced any glaucoma damage at this time."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has any glaucoma damage been observed in the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have any glaucoma damage at this time."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5014, "image": "slo_fundus_07793.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3524, "image": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a cataract been detected in both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataract has been detected in both of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a cataract been detected in both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report indicate that a cataract has been detected in both of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4206, "image": "slo_fundus_07664.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is receiving Dorzolamine in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Dorzolamine is being administered in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4606, "image": "slo_fundus_07729.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's gateway account activated and ready for use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's gateway account activated and ready for use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's gateway account is activated and ready for use."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3057, "image": "slo_fundus_07485.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the papilledema more severe in the left eye than in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the papilledema appears to be more severe in the left eye than in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the papilledema more severe in the left eye than in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the papilledema appears to be more severe in the left eye than in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 966, "image": "slo_fundus_07160.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs a return visit for dilated exam, refraction. Orders include Humphrey visual field & optic nerve tests. Conditions listed include seasonal allergic rhinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma appears to be more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs a return visit for dilated exam, refraction. Orders include Humphrey visual field & optic nerve tests. Conditions listed include seasonal allergic rhinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma appears to be more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1184, "image": "slo_fundus_07193.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hermia Mason suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, Hermia Mason is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hermia Mason suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, Hermia Mason is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1882, "image": "slo_fundus_07301.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with narrow angles, worse in the left eye. She had laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes and is maintained on latanoprost. IOP is currently 19/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with narrow angles, worse in the left eye. She had laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes and is maintained on latanoprost. IOP is currently 19/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1365, "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an unequal cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an unequal cup/disc ratio, which is a sign of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an unequal cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an unequal cup/disc ratio, which is a sign of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 357, "image": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the view compromised due to the condition of the cornea?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the view is compromised due to the condition of the cornea."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the view compromised due to the condition of the cornea?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the view in the image is compromised due to the condition of the cornea."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3659, "image": "slo_fundus_07580.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4713, "image": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's ideal intraocular pressure goal in the low teens for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's ideal intraocular pressure goal for the right eye is in the low teens."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's ideal intraocular pressure goal in the low teens for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's ideal intraocular pressure goal in the low teens for the right eye is mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3429, "image": "slo_fundus_07545.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 368, "image": "slo_fundus_07061.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Majority of visit spent on patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has selective laser trabeculoplasty been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, selective laser trabeculoplasty has been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Majority of visit spent on patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has selective laser trabeculoplasty been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, selective laser trabeculoplasty has been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4778, "image": "slo_fundus_07756.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ongoing monitoring of the patient's condition required?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ongoing monitoring of the patient's condition is required. This is important to ensure that the patient's condition remains stable and to detect any changes or complications that may arise."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ongoing monitoring of the patient's condition required?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ongoing monitoring of the patient's condition is required, as indicated in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1991, "image": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have risk factors for open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has risk factors for open angle glaucoma, including a family history that increases the risk."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have risk factors for open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has risk factors for open angle glaucoma, including a family history increasing the risk of glaucoma and the presence of hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 350, "image": "slo_fundus_07058.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's vision stable following the surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision appears to be stable following the surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 54 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's vision stable following the surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision appears to be stable following the surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 305, "image": "slo_fundus_07049.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do IOP checks indicate that glaucoma is a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP checks mentioned in the context suggest that glaucoma is a concern for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do IOP checks indicate that glaucoma is a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP checks mentioned in the context suggest that glaucoma is a concern for this patient. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any eye-related conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3695, "image": "slo_fundus_07586.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. software engineer with history of B12 insufficiency, high myopia, possible amblyopia/optic neuropathy, and glaucoma suspicion. Vision diminished in size 1. Has a history of cataract surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI of the brain and orbit show any structural lesions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI of the brain and orbit did not show any structural lesions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. software engineer with history of B12 insufficiency, high myopia, possible amblyopia/optic neuropathy, and glaucoma suspicion. Vision diminished in size 1. Has a history of cataract surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI of the brain and orbit show any structural lesions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI of the brain and orbit did not show any structural lesions."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2997, "image": "slo_fundus_07475.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76 year old male patient has a history of hypertension, rosacea, COPD, and BCC. He is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes as well as potential defects in his right eye. There are also non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes, blepharitis, dermatochalasis, and a history of BCC in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76 year old male patient has a history of hypertension, rosacea, COPD, and BCC. He is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes as well as potential defects in his right eye. There are also non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes, blepharitis, dermatochalasis, and a history of BCC in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3171, "image": "slo_fundus_07503.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a left homonymous visual field defect and is a glaucoma suspect with asymmetry in cup to disc ratio. However, intraocular pressure is in low teens with no glaucoma medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has meibomian gland dysfunction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a left homonymous visual field defect and is a glaucoma suspect with asymmetry in cup to disc ratio. However, intraocular pressure is in low teens with no glaucoma medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has meibomian gland dysfunction."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5448, "image": "slo_fundus_07863.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Travatan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Travatan for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Travatan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Travatan for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3355, "image": "slo_fundus_07532.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously have a choroidal lesion that needs monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient previously had a choroidal lesion that needs monitoring."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously have a choroidal lesion that needs monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient previously had a choroidal lesion that needs monitoring."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 977, "image": "slo_fundus_07161.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has optic disc drusen with moderate visual loss, migraine headaches without aura, and nystagmus due to neuroleptic. Referrals to glaucoma and neurology recommended. No mention of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has optic disc drusen with moderate visual loss, migraine headaches without aura, and nystagmus due to neuroleptic. Referrals to glaucoma and neurology recommended. No mention of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 345, "image": "slo_fundus_07057.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were abnormal liver function tests found in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had abnormal liver function tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were abnormal liver function tests found in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had abnormal liver function tests."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3208, "image": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received injections as part of their eye treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has received injections as part of their eye treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received injections as part of their eye treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has received injections as part of their eye treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 496, "image": "slo_fundus_07082.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a follow-up review scheduled for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a follow-up review scheduled for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Received immunizations on encounter date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a follow-up review scheduled for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a follow-up review scheduled for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5441, "image": "slo_fundus_07862.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being reviewed for cataract extraction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being reviewed for cataract extraction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being reviewed for cataract extraction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being reviewed for cataract extraction."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1150, "image": "slo_fundus_07187.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is asthma one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, asthma is one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is asthma one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, asthma is one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 419, "image": "slo_fundus_07071.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3763, "image": "slo_fundus_07597.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild papilledema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild papilledema."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 413, "image": "slo_fundus_07070.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's dry eyes and blepharitis under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's dry eyes and blepharitis appear to be under control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's dry eyes and blepharitis under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's dry eyes and blepharitis appear to be under control, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4302, "image": "slo_fundus_07681.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient respond to steroid treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient responded to steroid treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient respond to steroid treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient responded to steroid treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5507, "image": "slo_fundus_07872.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current eye pressure 14 in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current eye pressure is 14 in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current eye pressure 14 in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current eye pressure is 14 in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1487, "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone cataract surgery in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously undergone cataract surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone cataract surgery in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously undergone cataract surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2529, "image": "slo_fundus_07403.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the central corneal thickness (CCT) within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the central corneal thickness (CCT) is within normal range for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the central corneal thickness (CCT) within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the central corneal thickness (CCT) is within normal range for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 750, "image": "slo_fundus_07125.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has entropion in the lower eyelid possibly causing conjunctivitis and eye discharge. Report shows infiltrative right optic neuropathy, inferior visual field loss, and edema in the right optic disc, indicative of CLL infiltration. Also presents with Sneddon Wilkinson syndrome, ERM OS, tilted optic disc OS, and likely mechanical abduction deficits. Glaucoma is not reported. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is decreased contrast sensitivity a problem for Alice?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, decreased contrast sensitivity is a problem for Alice."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has entropion in the lower eyelid possibly causing conjunctivitis and eye discharge. Report shows infiltrative right optic neuropathy, inferior visual field loss, and edema in the right optic disc, indicative of CLL infiltration. Also presents with Sneddon Wilkinson syndrome, ERM OS, tilted optic disc OS, and likely mechanical abduction deficits. Glaucoma is not reported. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is decreased contrast sensitivity a problem for Alice?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, decreased contrast sensitivity is a problem for Alice."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3607, "image": "slo_fundus_07572.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently doing well with the pseudophakia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be doing well with the pseudophakia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently doing well with the pseudophakia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be doing well with the pseudophakia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1550, "image": "slo_fundus_07247.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The male patient is a suspect for low suspicion glaucoma with risks including c/d asymmetry, increased c/d, race, and myopia. Family history is unclear. RNFL and GCL normal. He also has visually insignificant cataracts, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient advised to use preservative-free artificial tears as part of their treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is advised to use preservative-free artificial tears as part of their treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The male patient is a suspect for low suspicion glaucoma with risks including c/d asymmetry, increased c/d, race, and myopia. Family history is unclear. RNFL and GCL normal. He also has visually insignificant cataracts, myopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient advised to use preservative-free artificial tears as part of their treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is advised to use preservative-free artificial tears as part of their treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3658, "image": "slo_fundus_07579.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been diagnosed with traumatic glaucoma in the left eye with elevated intraocular pressure. They have a history of ocular trauma and glaucoma surgery. The treatment plan included stopping timolol use and multiple medications. Glaucoma diagnosis was discussed with the patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the right eye been recommended for trabeculectomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye has been recommended for trabeculectomy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been diagnosed with traumatic glaucoma in the left eye with elevated intraocular pressure. They have a history of ocular trauma and glaucoma surgery. The treatment plan included stopping timolol use and multiple medications. Glaucoma diagnosis was discussed with the patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the right eye been recommended for trabeculectomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye has been recommended for trabeculectomy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3760, "image": "slo_fundus_07596.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently managing dry eye syndrome well?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient seems to be managing dry eye syndrome well."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently managing dry eye syndrome well?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be managing dry eye syndrome well."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 247, "image": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any eye-related trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced any eye-related trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any eye-related trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced any eye-related trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3926, "image": "slo_fundus_07620.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical history suggests uterine cancer, hyperlipidemia. Suspects glaucoma based on cup to disc asymmetry OD>OS, but normal IOP and VF. Mild dry eye syndrome, blepharitis improved with treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a lack of historical data regarding the patient's glaucoma evaluations?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a lack of historical data regarding the patient's glaucoma evaluations."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical history suggests uterine cancer, hyperlipidemia. Suspects glaucoma based on cup to disc asymmetry OD>OS, but normal IOP and VF. Mild dry eye syndrome, blepharitis improved with treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a lack of historical data regarding the patient's glaucoma evaluations?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a lack of historical data regarding the patient's glaucoma evaluations."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 503, "image": "slo_fundus_07084.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred for cupping asymmetry OD>OS. Diagnosed as high risk glaucoma suspect due to superior/inferior RNFL thinning and thin CCT. Advise: Repeat HVF test; consider latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a large optic nerve with a normal retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a large optic nerve with a normal retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred for cupping asymmetry OD>OS. Diagnosed as high risk glaucoma suspect due to superior/inferior RNFL thinning and thin CCT. Advise: Repeat HVF test; consider latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a large optic nerve with a normal retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a large optic nerve with a normal retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2618, "image": "slo_fundus_07416.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4170, "image": "slo_fundus_07658.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure but shows no signs of glaucoma. CCT 570 OU, s/p LPI OU, IOP excellent off meds. Stable OCT/VF tests, F/U 1 year, has PCO left eye. Will undergo laser capsulotomy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, presbyopia is present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure but shows no signs of glaucoma. CCT 570 OU, s/p LPI OU, IOP excellent off meds. Stable OCT/VF tests, F/U 1 year, has PCO left eye. Will undergo laser capsulotomy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, presbyopia is present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6007, "image": "slo_fundus_07953.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visual field defect incongruous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual field defect is incongruous."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visual field defect incongruous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual field defect in the image is incongruous."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3579, "image": "slo_fundus_07567.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI results show any signs of an acute stroke?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI results did not show any signs of an acute stroke."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI results show any signs of an acute stroke?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI results did not show any signs of an acute stroke."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3305, "image": "slo_fundus_07523.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have dermatochalasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dermatochalasis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have dermatochalasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dermatochalasis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2007, "image": "slo_fundus_07319.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's cholesterol level being monitored?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's cholesterol level is being monitored."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's cholesterol level being monitored?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's cholesterol level is being monitored."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1657, "image": "slo_fundus_07264.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient free from a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is free from a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient free from a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient is free from a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1277, "image": "slo_fundus_07205.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild epiretinal membrane present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mild epiretinal membrane present in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild epiretinal membrane present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mild epiretinal membrane present in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4254, "image": "slo_fundus_07672.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience dry eye symptoms?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dry eye symptoms."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience dry eye symptoms?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dry eye symptoms."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4592, "image": "slo_fundus_07726.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient receive an immunization on the date of the encounter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient received an immunization on the date of the encounter."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient receive an immunization on the date of the encounter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient received an immunization on the date of the encounter."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1993, "image": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure 14 in one eye and 17 in the other?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is 14 in one eye and 17 in the other."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure 14 in one eye and 17 in the other?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is 14 in one eye and 17 in the other."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1509, "image": "slo_fundus_07239.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on actemra for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been started on actemra for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note contains no information about the presence of glaucoma. Instead it provides instructions about account enrollment, signing in, account activation, and support team availability. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on actemra for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been started on actemra for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1685, "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also advised to have regular neurology follow-ups?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is advised to have regular neurology follow-ups."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also advised to have regular neurology follow-ups?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is advised to have regular neurology follow-ups."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2484, "image": "slo_fundus_07396.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient expected to follow up after deferring the DFE?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is expected to follow up after deferring the DFE."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient expected to follow up after deferring the DFE?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is expected to follow up after deferring the DFE."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 816, "image": "slo_fundus_07136.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline open angle findings in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline open angle findings in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline open angle findings in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline open angle findings in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5835, "image": "slo_fundus_07924.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4093, "image": "slo_fundus_07646.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 69-year-old female patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 69-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is about a new 69-year-old patient referred for mild open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with suspicions in the left eye. The patient agreed to treatment for the glaucoma and will start monotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 69-year-old female patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 69-year-old female patient is suspected to have glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1908, "image": "slo_fundus_07305.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure currently stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure is currently stable for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure currently stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure is currently stable for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2878, "image": "slo_fundus_07456.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were abnormalities identified in the patient's ocular components?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, abnormalities were identified in the patient's ocular components, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were abnormalities identified in the patient's ocular components?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, abnormalities were identified in the patient's ocular components."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5546, "image": "slo_fundus_07877.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pterygia found in the patient's eyes non-visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pterygia found in the patient's eyes are non-visually significant."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pterygia found in the patient's eyes non-visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pterygia found in the patient's eyes are non-visually significant."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4799, "image": "slo_fundus_07760.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 458, "image": "slo_fundus_07077.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing difficulty reading small print?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing difficulty reading small print."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing difficulty reading small print?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing difficulty reading small print."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 52, "image": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient a history of myopic retinoschisis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of myopic retinoschisis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient a history of myopic retinoschisis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of myopic retinoschisis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2883, "image": "slo_fundus_07456.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3936, "image": "slo_fundus_07621.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the risks and benefits of the surgery been discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks and benefits of the surgery have been discussed with the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the risks and benefits of the surgery been discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks and benefits of the surgery have been discussed with the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3569, "image": "slo_fundus_07566.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medication timoptic xe1 administered once in the morning?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the medication timoptic xe1 is administered once in the morning."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medication timoptic xe1 administered once in the morning?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the medication timoptic xe1 is administered once in the morning."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 605, "image": "slo_fundus_07102.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 30-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the eye pressure currently controlled in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye pressure in the patient's right eye is currently controlled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 30-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the eye pressure currently controlled in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye pressure in the patient's right eye is currently controlled."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 462, "image": "slo_fundus_07077.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have a history of cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have a history of cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3397, "image": "slo_fundus_07539.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient myopic with astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is myopic with astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient myopic with astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is myopic with astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1338, "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require further surgery following the initial procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that the patient may require further surgery following the initial procedure. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the specific needs and recommendations for the patient's individual case."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require further surgery following the initial procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that the patient may require further surgery following the initial procedure. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the specific needs and recommendations for the patient's individual case."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3194, "image": "slo_fundus_07506.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is known for hypothyroidism and hypertension (HTN)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is known for hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5671, "image": "slo_fundus_07895.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, borderline pressure, and thinning of sup rnfl which may be signs of glaucoma. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis, dry AMD, and ret hole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, borderline pressure, and thinning of sup rnfl which may be signs of glaucoma. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis, dry AMD, and ret hole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 827, "image": "slo_fundus_07137.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sutured intraocular lens part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's treatment plan includes a sutured intraocular lens."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sutured intraocular lens part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a sutured intraocular lens in their right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2206, "image": "slo_fundus_07352.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder as per the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a hypertensive disorder, as mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a hypertensive disorder as per the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a hypertensive disorder as per the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 423, "image": "slo_fundus_07072.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old patient with history of diabetes, glaucoma under suspicion, and other conditions. Oct testing reveals thinning, but no need for intervention now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension that is likely a result of topical steroid use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension that is likely a result of topical steroid use."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old patient with history of diabetes, glaucoma under suspicion, and other conditions. Oct testing reveals thinning, but no need for intervention now. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension that is likely a result of topical steroid use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension that is likely a result of topical steroid use."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1540, "image": "slo_fundus_07246.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 68-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 68-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, a history of poor compliance with medications, and recently ran out of dorzolamide. Problems include posterior capsular opacity in right eye, cataract in left eye and possible amblyopia in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 68-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 68-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2327, "image": "slo_fundus_07371.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1807, "image": "slo_fundus_07291.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have intraocular pressure goals been set for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intraocular pressure goals have been set for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 y.o white, Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. 2/2 glaucoma vs retinoschisis noted. RTC for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have intraocular pressure goals been set for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intraocular pressure goals have been set for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 982, "image": "slo_fundus_07162.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hyperopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hyperopia, which is a condition where the eye is unable to focus on nearby objects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hyperopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hyperopia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5830, "image": "slo_fundus_07922.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5327, "image": "slo_fundus_07842.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred to optometry?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred to optometry for further evaluation and management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred to optometry?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred to optometry."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3436, "image": "slo_fundus_07546.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4493, "image": "slo_fundus_07712.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient showed marked improvement in visual fields, particularly in the depth of the temporal defect. His visual function has significantly improved since his last visit. He has a residual tumor from pituitary apoplexy and bilateral visual loss. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient showed marked improvement in visual fields, particularly in the depth of the temporal defect. His visual function has significantly improved since his last visit. He has a residual tumor from pituitary apoplexy and bilateral visual loss. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1921, "image": "slo_fundus_07307.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma with thin corneas, surprisingly good oct and gcl. Latanoprost was restarted for sas os. Suffers also from astigmatism, presbyopia, dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a trace cataract present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a trace cataract present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma with thin corneas, surprisingly good oct and gcl. Latanoprost was restarted for sas os. Suffers also from astigmatism, presbyopia, dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a trace cataract present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a trace cataract present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3882, "image": "slo_fundus_07614.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do glasses improve the patient's night vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's night vision has improved with the use of glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do glasses improve the patient's night vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's night vision has improved with the use of glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6181, "image": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4153, "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with dry eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3342, "image": "slo_fundus_07530.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses management and minor surgery, limited by social health determinants. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution be used twice a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution should be used twice a day, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses management and minor surgery, limited by social health determinants. There's no mention of glaucoma or any other specific condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution be used twice a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution should be used twice a day, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 45, "image": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient present with new headaches and dizziness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient presented with new headaches and dizziness."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient present with new headaches and dizziness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient presented with new headaches and dizziness."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4245, "image": "slo_fundus_07671.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup:disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note is about instructions for activating a partners patient gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup:disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5224, "image": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Dorzolamide (Dorz) for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Dorzolamine (Dorz) for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Dorzolamide (Dorz) for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Dorzolamine (Dorz) for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3506, "image": "slo_fundus_07556.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a further procedure with laser peripheral iridotomy (lpi os) being considered for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that a further procedure with laser peripheral iridotomy (lpi os) is being considered for the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a further procedure with laser peripheral iridotomy (lpi os) being considered for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that a further procedure with laser peripheral iridotomy (lpi os) is being considered for the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1896, "image": "slo_fundus_07303.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected for open angle glaucoma in right eye (more) than left, moderate to high risk. Cataract present but not visually significant. No family history of glaucoma. Scheduled for follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show signs of pigment dispersion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient shows signs of pigment dispersion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected for open angle glaucoma in right eye (more) than left, moderate to high risk. Cataract present but not visually significant. No family history of glaucoma. Scheduled for follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show signs of pigment dispersion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient shows signs of pigment dispersion in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4219, "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medication for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medication for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medication for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medication for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 643, "image": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any information about the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no information about the patient having glaucoma in the provided reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any information about the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no information about the patient having glaucoma in the provided reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 837, "image": "slo_fundus_07140.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. male is a suspect of ocular hypertension and glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, with stable RNFL thinning since 2016. No treatment started yet, monitoring ongoing. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. male is a suspect of ocular hypertension and glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, with stable RNFL thinning since 2016. No treatment started yet, monitoring ongoing. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6182, "image": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts in both eyes considered mild and visually insignificant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts in both eyes are considered mild and visually insignificant."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cataracts in both eyes considered mild and visually insignificant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataracts in both eyes are considered mild and visually insignificant."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 727, "image": "slo_fundus_07121.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of bilateral glaucoma, despite presenting with no visual field loss. Initial optic nerve findings describe a larger nerve in the right eye and a smaller one in left; both classified as borderline. Intraocular pressure is stable, chronic back pain also noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of normal tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of normal tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of bilateral glaucoma, despite presenting with no visual field loss. Initial optic nerve findings describe a larger nerve in the right eye and a smaller one in left; both classified as borderline. Intraocular pressure is stable, chronic back pain also noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of normal tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of normal tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 669, "image": "slo_fundus_07111.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's symptoms still being monitored?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms are still being monitored."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's symptoms still being monitored?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms are still being monitored."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4747, "image": "slo_fundus_07751.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a high risk for asymmetric glaucoma in the left eye and none in the right eye. Stable IOP measurements with the left eye higher than the right. Will start on Timolol medication for glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of active inflammation in the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of active inflammation in the eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a high risk for asymmetric glaucoma in the left eye and none in the right eye. Stable IOP measurements with the left eye higher than the right. Will start on Timolol medication for glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of active inflammation in the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of active inflammation in the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5969, "image": "slo_fundus_07946.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. BGI OS procedure booked for patient, consent obtained. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was latanoprost recommended for the patient's intraocular pressure fluctuations?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost was recommended for the patient's intraocular pressure fluctuations."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. BGI OS procedure booked for patient, consent obtained. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was latanoprost recommended for the patient's intraocular pressure fluctuations?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, latanoprost was recommended for the patient's intraocular pressure fluctuations."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6204, "image": "slo_fundus_07989.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient instructed to discontinue using latanoprost/xalatan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was instructed to discontinue using latanoprost/xalatan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and a large cdr in the right eye, while the left eye was healthy. Suggested treatment includes cataract extraction in right eye, target iop closer to 17, and possible hydrus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient instructed to discontinue using latanoprost/xalatan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was instructed to discontinue using latanoprost/xalatan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1734, "image": "slo_fundus_07278.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is regular monitoring and adherence to treatment recommended for the patient to lower the risk of vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is recommended for the patient to have regular monitoring and adhere to treatment to lower the risk of vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is regular monitoring and adherence to treatment recommended for the patient to lower the risk of vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's ophthalmologist recommended regular monitoring and adherence to treatment to lower the risk of vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1790, "image": "slo_fundus_07288.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient hyperopic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is hyperopic."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient hyperopic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is hyperopic."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3833, "image": "slo_fundus_07607.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require reading glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires reading glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require reading glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires reading glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1313, "image": "slo_fundus_07210.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient 15 after starting treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient is 15 after starting treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient 15 after starting treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient is 15 after starting treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4601, "image": "slo_fundus_07728.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for vision and intraocular pressure checks?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled for vision and intraocular pressure checks."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for vision and intraocular pressure checks?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled for vision and intraocular pressure checks."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2175, "image": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1274, "image": "slo_fundus_07205.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the OCT RNFL and HVF test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT RNFL and HVF test results are normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the OCT RNFL and HVF test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT RNFL and HVF test results are normal for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4388, "image": "slo_fundus_07695.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 57-year-old man suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 57-year-old man is suspected to have glaucoma based on the image and the provided information."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 57-year-old man suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 57-year-old man is suspected to have glaucoma based on the image and the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4011, "image": "slo_fundus_07633.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye diagnosed with angle recession glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the right eye is not diagnosed with angle recession glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye diagnosed with angle recession glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the right eye is not diagnosed with angle recession glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1678, "image": "slo_fundus_07268.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI show any abnormalities?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI did not show any abnormalities."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the MRI show any abnormalities?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI did not show any abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3189, "image": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from anxiety?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is described as having anxiety."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from anxiety?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has anxiety."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5906, "image": "slo_fundus_07936.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test result normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HVF test result is normal for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test result normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HVF test result is normal for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1586, "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's condition necessitate a glaucoma consultation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition necessitates a glaucoma consultation. It is important for the patient to receive appropriate care and management to maintain their eye health and prevent further damage to the optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's condition necessitate a glaucoma consultation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition necessitates a glaucoma consultation. It is important for the patient to receive appropriate care and monitoring to manage their condition effectively."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5410, "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was there an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) post-cataract extraction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP was elevated post-cataract extraction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was there an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) post-cataract extraction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had an elevated IOP post-cataract extraction."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 313, "image": "slo_fundus_07051.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 558, "image": "slo_fundus_07093.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of amblyopia and cataract, mild cupping in both eyes but no glaucoma as no IOP elevation. Also, has a hole in the right eye with pigmentation.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cataract classified as age-related nuclear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataract is classified as age-related nuclear."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of amblyopia and cataract, mild cupping in both eyes but no glaucoma as no IOP elevation. Also, has a hole in the right eye with pigmentation.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cataract classified as age-related nuclear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataract is classified as age-related nuclear."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4012, "image": "slo_fundus_07633.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's glaucoma at an advanced stage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's glaucoma is not at an advanced stage."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's glaucoma at an advanced stage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's glaucoma is not at an advanced stage. It is described as mild and stable, with open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5751, "image": "slo_fundus_07910.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6164, "image": "slo_fundus_07981.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension, a family history of glaucoma, and has undergone glaucoma procedures. No glaucoma mentioned at current visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transient visual loss in the right eye likely due to migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transient visual loss in the right eye is likely due to migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension, a family history of glaucoma, and has undergone glaucoma procedures. No glaucoma mentioned at current visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transient visual loss in the right eye likely due to migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, it is likely that the transient visual loss in the right eye is due to migraines."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1754, "image": "slo_fundus_07282.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there paracentral changes in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows paracentral changes in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there paracentral changes in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows paracentral changes in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 271, "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) considered good for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered good for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) considered good for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered good for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 24, "image": "slo_fundus_07004.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a Creole interpreter used during the examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a Creole interpreter was used during the examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses medications brimonidine, simbrinza, combigan, dorzolamide, trusopt, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide, rhopressa, latanoprost, and vyzulta for lowering intraocular pressure, indicating a possible glaucoma condition. Monitoring for kidney issues is crucial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a Creole interpreter used during the examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a Creole interpreter was used during the examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2114, "image": "slo_fundus_07335.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears recommended for the patient's dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, artificial tears are recommended for the patient's dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears recommended for the patient's dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, artificial tears are recommended for the patient's dry eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4929, "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye is diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye was diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 815, "image": "slo_fundus_07135.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suffering from dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to have dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4031, "image": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a greater cup-to-disc ratio in the left eye than in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a greater cup-to-disc ratio in the left eye than in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a greater cup-to-disc ratio in the left eye than in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a greater cup-to-disc ratio in the left eye than in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1665, "image": "slo_fundus_07265.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mild cataracts are present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mild cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mild cataracts are present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5919, "image": "slo_fundus_07939.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed methylprednisolone for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently prescribed methylprednisolone for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses patient management with multiple doctors. It indicates a moderate to high risk of vision or neurological issues based on diagnosis. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed methylprednisolone for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently prescribed methylprednisolone for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4743, "image": "slo_fundus_07750.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also on brimonidine medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also on brimonidine medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has posterior vitreous detachment and is taking medication for intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma. Further, there was a visually-significant cataract in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also on brimonidine medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also on brimonidine medication."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2774, "image": "slo_fundus_07439.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there more pronounced posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in the right eye (OD) than in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows more pronounced posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in the right eye (OD) than in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there more pronounced posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in the right eye (OD) than in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows more pronounced posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in the right eye (OD) than in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3490, "image": "slo_fundus_07554.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4510, "image": "slo_fundus_07715.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone Phaco/ECP/KDB surgery in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone Phaco/ECP/KDB surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone Phaco/ECP/KDB surgery in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone Phaco/ECP/KDB surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2680, "image": "slo_fundus_07426.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "There is no evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes, as mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. However, it does mention potential risk to visual or neurological health. To determine if there is any evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes, it would be necessary to examine the fundus image and compare it to the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3557, "image": "slo_fundus_07564.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 25-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Due for neuro-ophthalmology appointment. Pupil dilation could blur vision and increase light sensitivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using cosopt as a treatment for her left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using cosopt as a treatment for her left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 25-year-old white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Due for neuro-ophthalmology appointment. Pupil dilation could blur vision and increase light sensitivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using cosopt as a treatment for her left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using cosopt as a treatment for her left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 54, "image": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopic degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic degeneration, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopic degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5898, "image": "slo_fundus_07935.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of worsening on the patient's disc photos?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's disc photos show signs of worsening."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of worsening on the patient's disc photos?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's disc photos show signs of worsening."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5709, "image": "slo_fundus_07902.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's optical coherence tomography (OCT) stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's OCT appears to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's optical coherence tomography (OCT) stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's OCT appears to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4411, "image": "slo_fundus_07698.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the patient also have follow-ups with neurology and rheumatology specialists?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is recommended that the patient should have follow-ups with neurology and rheumatology specialists."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the patient also have follow-ups with neurology and rheumatology specialists?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient should have follow-ups with neurology and rheumatology specialists."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 929, "image": "slo_fundus_07153.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Restasis part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Restasis is part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Restasis part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Restasis is part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3456, "image": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient highly myopic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is highly myopic."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient highly myopic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is highly myopic."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 223, "image": "slo_fundus_07037.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was counseled and informed about risks of laser treatments. Possible complications like eye infections, vision loss, retinal detachment were explained and consent was obtained. The patient suffers from glaucoma and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also on atovaquone medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also on atovaquone medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was counseled and informed about risks of laser treatments. Possible complications like eye infections, vision loss, retinal detachment were explained and consent was obtained. The patient suffers from glaucoma and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also on atovaquone medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also on atovaquone medication."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5332, "image": "slo_fundus_07843.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55-year-old female patient has DM type II, no diabetic retinopathy, mild nuclear cataract, ocular hypertension with slightly elevated IOP (OD: 21, OS: 24) and no familial glaucoma history. She also has hyperopia astigmatism OD, hyperopia OS. No glaucoma mention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma damage in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no evidence of glaucoma damage in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55-year-old female patient has DM type II, no diabetic retinopathy, mild nuclear cataract, ocular hypertension with slightly elevated IOP (OD: 21, OS: 24) and no familial glaucoma history. She also has hyperopia astigmatism OD, hyperopia OS. No glaucoma mention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of glaucoma damage in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no evidence of glaucoma damage in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2326, "image": "slo_fundus_07371.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's height 168 cm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's height is 168 cm."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's height 168 cm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's height is 168 cm."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3682, "image": "slo_fundus_07584.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a prominent cataract present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a prominent cataract in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a prominent cataract present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a prominent cataract present in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3496, "image": "slo_fundus_07555.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66-year-old patient has a significant history of cataracts and glaucoma, with the condition more severe in the right eye. There's significant thinning of the rnfl oct and nerve appears pink. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 921, "image": "slo_fundus_07152.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has presbyopia, which is a condition that occurs when the lens of the eye loses its ability to focus on nearby objects, making it difficult to read or see things up close."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2692, "image": "slo_fundus_07428.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's mother also a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother is also a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's mother also a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother is also a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 796, "image": "slo_fundus_07133.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the non-vision impacting cataract present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the non-vision impacting cataract is present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the non-vision impacting cataract present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the non-vision impacting cataract is present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 259, "image": "slo_fundus_07042.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone YAG capsulotomy in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone YAG capsulotomy in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone YAG capsulotomy in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone YAG capsulotomy in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1961, "image": "slo_fundus_07312.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was there progression in the patient's condition after stopping the use of Xalatan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition progressed after stopping the use of Xalatan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and small epithelial defect. Glaucoma status not mentioned. Plan to recheck intraocular pressure (IOP) later. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was there progression in the patient's condition after stopping the use of Xalatan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition progressed after stopping the use of Xalatan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2298, "image": "slo_fundus_07367.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with ltn in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with latanoprost in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with ltn in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with latanoprost in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5090, "image": "slo_fundus_07804.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific vision defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has non-specific vision defects in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific vision defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has non-specific vision defects in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 249, "image": "slo_fundus_07041.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medications for several conditions including type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. No specific mention of glaucoma. Upcoming tests for the eyes have been scheduled. No immunizations administered during the visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed to administer 1 drop into each eye daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed to administer 1 drop into each eye daily."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medications for several conditions including type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. No specific mention of glaucoma. Upcoming tests for the eyes have been scheduled. No immunizations administered during the visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed to administer 1 drop into each eye daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed to administer 1 drop into each eye daily."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2255, "image": "slo_fundus_07360.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't mention glaucoma. Orders are placed for ophthalmology referral, Humphrey visual field, and OCT for optic nerve. Notable conditions include: obesity, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia and vaginal discharge. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been explicitly mentioned in the eye summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been explicitly mentioned in the eye summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't mention glaucoma. Orders are placed for ophthalmology referral, Humphrey visual field, and OCT for optic nerve. Notable conditions include: obesity, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia and vaginal discharge. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been explicitly mentioned in the eye summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been explicitly mentioned in the eye summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1311, "image": "slo_fundus_07210.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost included in the new treatment plan for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost is included in the new treatment plan for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost included in the new treatment plan for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost is included in the new treatment plan for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4360, "image": "slo_fundus_07688.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using artificial tears for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using artificial tears for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using artificial tears for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using artificial tears for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1575, "image": "slo_fundus_07251.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do both eyes show an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, which is consistent with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do both eyes show an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, which is a common finding in glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4240, "image": "slo_fundus_07670.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are patients instructed to pre-bathe before surgery as per the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, patients are instructed to pre-bathe before surgery, as per the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are patients instructed to pre-bathe before surgery as per the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the clinical note, patients are instructed to pre-bathe before surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 628, "image": "slo_fundus_07105.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and is on treatment with latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma. She was advised to control blood sugar and blood pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to use artificial tears or ointments?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to use artificial tears or ointments."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and is on treatment with latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma. She was advised to control blood sugar and blood pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to use artificial tears or ointments?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to use artificial tears or ointments."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2233, "image": "slo_fundus_07357.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use bimatoprost for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses bimatoprost for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use bimatoprost for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses bimatoprost for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4985, "image": "slo_fundus_07788.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 29-year-old Spanish-speaking woman suspected to have glaucoma. Several tests show different eye defects, unexplained visual field changes and nasal defects. She's also pregnant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been instructed to activate a patient gateway account?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been instructed to activate a patient gateway account."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 29-year-old Spanish-speaking woman suspected to have glaucoma. Several tests show different eye defects, unexplained visual field changes and nasal defects. She's also pregnant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been instructed to activate a patient gateway account?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been instructed to activate a patient gateway account."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3553, "image": "slo_fundus_07563.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoarthritis a condition affecting the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoarthritis is not a condition affecting the patient's eyes. It is a degenerative joint disease that causes the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. In this case, the patient's osteoarthritis is affecting their knees."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoarthritis a condition affecting the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoarthritis is not a condition affecting the patient's eyes. It is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the joints, such as the knees, hips, and shoulders."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5687, "image": "slo_fundus_07898.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient photosensitive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is photosensitive."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 18 yo woman is a low risk glaucoma suspect due to more likely physiological cupping. She has a family history of glaucoma, moderate c/d ratio, intact rims, and normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient photosensitive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is photosensitive."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3933, "image": "slo_fundus_07621.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was BGI surgery considered for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, BGI surgery was considered for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was BGI surgery considered for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, BGI surgery was considered for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4786, "image": "slo_fundus_07758.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's vision considered stable following the glaucoma assessment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision was considered stable following the glaucoma assessment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's vision considered stable following the glaucoma assessment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision is considered stable following the glaucoma assessment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 963, "image": "slo_fundus_07159.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have lifestyle changes for weight loss been recommended to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lifestyle changes for weight loss have been recommended to the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have lifestyle changes for weight loss been recommended to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lifestyle changes for weight loss have been recommended to the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1497, "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early normal tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has early normal tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early normal tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has early normal tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1010, "image": "slo_fundus_07167.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed Cosopt to lower the eye pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was prescribed Cosopt to lower the eye pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic angle closure glaucoma in the right eye (more than the left), with plateau iris configuration present in both eyes. Glaucoma procedures include iridoplasty and LPI in right eye. Stable visual field & rnfl oct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed Cosopt to lower the eye pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was prescribed Cosopt to lower the eye pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5115, "image": "slo_fundus_07808.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, mild dry eye, Parkinson's & blurred vision. Asymmetric c:d and normal IOP. No symptoms of glaucoma despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's vision remained stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision has remained stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, mild dry eye, Parkinson's & blurred vision. Asymmetric c:d and normal IOP. No symptoms of glaucoma despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's vision remained stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's vision has remained stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5186, "image": "slo_fundus_07819.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 36 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up exams scheduled. Neurology consultation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a central floater in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a central floater in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 36 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up exams scheduled. Neurology consultation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a central floater in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a central floater in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1087, "image": "slo_fundus_07179.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o female, glaucoma suspected but not confirmed; overall health stable. Likely physiological. Family history of Fuch's Dystrophy, but no signs in patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have thick corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has thick corneas."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o female, glaucoma suspected but not confirmed; overall health stable. Likely physiological. Family history of Fuch's Dystrophy, but no signs in patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have thick corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has thick corneas, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2578, "image": "slo_fundus_07410.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the external and slit lamp examination features normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the external and slit lamp examination features were normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the external and slit lamp examination features normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the external and slit lamp examination features were normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 151, "image": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking prednisone following a heart transplant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking prednisone following a heart transplant."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking prednisone following a heart transplant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking prednisone following a heart transplant."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1098, "image": "slo_fundus_07181.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for herpesviral keratitis. They have been instructed to use two eye drops: Timolol1 twice a day and Rhopressa, in both eyes. The note implies presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for herpesviral keratitis. They have been instructed to use two eye drops: Timolol1 twice a day and Rhopressa, in both eyes. The note implies presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6254, "image": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Latanoprost, which is a medication used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2105, "image": "slo_fundus_07334.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to have dry eye disease, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eye disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to have dry eye disease."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5006, "image": "slo_fundus_07792.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit ptosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient exhibits ptosis in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit ptosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient exhibits ptosis, which is a drooping of the upper eyelid."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2576, "image": "slo_fundus_07410.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do both eyes have normal visual fields?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes in the image have normal visual fields."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do both eyes have normal visual fields?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual fields of both eyes appear to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5130, "image": "slo_fundus_07810.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a resolved history of lymphoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a resolved history of lymphoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a resolved history of lymphoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a resolved history of lymphoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5542, "image": "slo_fundus_07877.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4710, "image": "slo_fundus_07744.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5348, "image": "slo_fundus_07846.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (gcipl) thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows macular gcipl thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (gcipl) thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows macular gcipl thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1563, "image": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there potential glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there potential glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5959, "image": "slo_fundus_07945.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient exhibits thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit thinning in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient exhibits thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 991, "image": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also taking omega-3 fatty acids?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also taking omega-3 fatty acids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also taking omega-3 fatty acids?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also taking omega-3 fatty acids."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5041, "image": "slo_fundus_07796.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as indicated in the image and report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6226, "image": "slo_fundus_07992.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all visual field tests for the patient normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, all visual field tests for the patient appear to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all visual field tests for the patient normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual field tests for the patient appear to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 676, "image": "slo_fundus_07113.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's right eye visual acuity 20/40?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's right eye visual acuity is 20/40."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's right eye visual acuity 20/40?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's right eye visual acuity is 20/40."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2402, "image": "slo_fundus_07382.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pachymetry reading show a thickness of 618 micrometers for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pachymetry reading for the left eye is 618 micrometers."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for potential glaucoma, aware of risks including inflammation, bleeding, unchanged angle configuration, and spike in eye pressure. Both eyes approved. Pretreatment with steroids considered. Monitoring off glaucoma drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pachymetry reading show a thickness of 618 micrometers for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pachymetry reading for the left eye is 618 micrometers."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 240, "image": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2958, "image": "slo_fundus_07469.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient referred for concerns related to potential papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was referred for concerns related to potential papilledema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient referred for concerns related to potential papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was referred for concerns related to potential papilledema."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1395, "image": "slo_fundus_07221.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a new appointment scheduled to check intraocular pressure and disc photos for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a new appointment is scheduled to check intraocular pressure and disc photos for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a new appointment scheduled to check intraocular pressure and disc photos for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a new appointment is scheduled to check intraocular pressure and disc photos for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1251, "image": "slo_fundus_07202.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been using eye drops for glaucoma for a year?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been using eye drops for glaucoma for a year."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been using eye drops for glaucoma for a year?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been using eye drops for glaucoma for a year."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5222, "image": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Combigan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Combigan for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Combigan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Combigan for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2895, "image": "slo_fundus_07458.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in 2008."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2211, "image": "slo_fundus_07353.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show any symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye image does not show any symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show any symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye image does not show any symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1944, "image": "slo_fundus_07310.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note discusses patient's potential high-to-moderate risk of visual or neurological complications, possibly related to glaucoma. Management, including social and health aspects, communicated to doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note discusses patient's potential high-to-moderate risk of visual or neurological complications, possibly related to glaucoma. Management, including social and health aspects, communicated to doctor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5248, "image": "slo_fundus_07828.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5087, "image": "slo_fundus_07804.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1434, "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use levothyroxine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses levothyroxine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use levothyroxine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses levothyroxine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1398, "image": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient have a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient have a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 143, "image": "slo_fundus_07024.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4186, "image": "slo_fundus_07661.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a regimen of latanoprost for suspected glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on a regimen of latanoprost for suspected glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a regimen of latanoprost for suspected glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on a regimen of latanoprost for suspected glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1206, "image": "slo_fundus_07195.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral ocular hypertension with a maximum IOP of 29/28 but no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There's a risk of glaucoma with elevated IOP discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral ocular hypertension with a maximum IOP of 29/28 but no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There's a risk of glaucoma with elevated IOP discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2498, "image": "slo_fundus_07398.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, cataract, refractive error, posterior vitreous detachment, ocular hypertension, and dry eyes. Glaucoma not indicated. Continuing latanoprost and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye is diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, cataract, refractive error, posterior vitreous detachment, ocular hypertension, and dry eyes. Glaucoma not indicated. Continuing latanoprost and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye is diagnosed with mild primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2078, "image": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the right eye show inferior altitudinal loss on OCT ganglion segmentation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye shows inferior altitudinal loss on OCT ganglion segmentation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the right eye show inferior altitudinal loss on OCT ganglion segmentation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye shows inferior altitudinal loss on OCT ganglion segmentation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1763, "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of strabismus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of strabismus."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of strabismus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of strabismus."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6150, "image": "slo_fundus_07978.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a refractive error present in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error in her right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a refractive error present in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a refractive error present in the patient's vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4948, "image": "slo_fundus_07782.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1767, "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient\u2019s history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient\u2019s history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's history."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2218, "image": "slo_fundus_07354.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old female patient has narrow angles, open gonio, and controlled intraocular pressure. She is a glaucoma suspect according to her cup-to-disc ratio. The patient was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up is recommended for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old female patient has narrow angles, open gonio, and controlled intraocular pressure. She is a glaucoma suspect according to her cup-to-disc ratio. The patient was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up is recommended for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4064, "image": "slo_fundus_07641.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anisocoria present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows anisocoria in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anisocoria present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, anisocoria is present in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3218, "image": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hyperopia with astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hyperopia with astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hyperopia with astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hyperopia with astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2508, "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any visually significant issues detected in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not have any visually significant issues detected in the follow-up examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any visually significant issues detected in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not have any visually significant issues detected in the follow-up examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4341, "image": "slo_fundus_07685.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Man with ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma; IOP 22/20, thin pachy. Prescribed latanoprost for IOP. Also has presbyopia, blepharitis, ptosis, hypertensive retinopathy, and guttae. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at an elevated risk for developing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is at an elevated risk for developing glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Man with ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma; IOP 22/20, thin pachy. Prescribed latanoprost for IOP. Also has presbyopia, blepharitis, ptosis, hypertensive retinopathy, and guttae. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at an elevated risk for developing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is at an elevated risk for developing glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5720, "image": "slo_fundus_07904.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any changes in the patient's glasses that might be required?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's refractive error has changed, which may require an adjustment to their glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any changes in the patient's glasses that might be required?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's refractive error has changed, and they may require new glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2098, "image": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's intraocular pressure increase after dilation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure increased after dilation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's intraocular pressure increase after dilation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure increased after dilation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 174, "image": "slo_fundus_07029.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of optic neuritis affecting the right optic nerve, identified by positive anti-MOG IgG1 antibody. There's thinning in the right optic nerve but overall, patient's condition, including visual fields, is stable. No presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a condition known as dry eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a condition known as dry eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of optic neuritis affecting the right optic nerve, identified by positive anti-MOG IgG1 antibody. There's thinning in the right optic nerve but overall, patient's condition, including visual fields, is stable. No presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a condition known as dry eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a condition known as dry eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5467, "image": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient discontinue using latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will discontinue using latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient discontinue using latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will discontinue using latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1659, "image": "slo_fundus_07264.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a further examination planned for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a further examination is planned for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema related to type 2 diabetes. She also has non-specific progressing and floppy eyelid syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a further examination planned for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a further examination is planned for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5937, "image": "slo_fundus_07941.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3674, "image": "slo_fundus_07583.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5536, "image": "slo_fundus_07876.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure considered stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is considered stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure considered stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is considered stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 238, "image": "slo_fundus_07039.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a direct mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no direct mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a direct mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no direct mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 680, "image": "slo_fundus_07113.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the inflammatory and infectious tests positive for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammatory and infectious tests were negative for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the inflammatory and infectious tests positive for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammatory and infectious tests were negative for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3771, "image": "slo_fundus_07598.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient experience stinging with trusopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experienced stinging with trusopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient experience stinging with trusopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experienced stinging with trusopt."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2716, "image": "slo_fundus_07432.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with high myopia, posterior staphyloma, pigmented lattice degeneration, Fuch's spot & cataracts (od>os), dry eye. Possible glaucoma; IOP 20 ou, optic nerve issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the goal to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) at or below 19 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the goal is to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) at or below 19 mmHg in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with high myopia, posterior staphyloma, pigmented lattice degeneration, Fuch's spot & cataracts (od>os), dry eye. Possible glaucoma; IOP 20 ou, optic nerve issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the goal to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) at or below 19 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the goal is to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) at or below 19 mmHg in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2187, "image": "slo_fundus_07349.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone a phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery with Xen gel stent implantation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously undergone a phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery with Xen gel stent implantation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone a phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery with Xen gel stent implantation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has previously undergone a phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery with Xen gel stent implantation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4660, "image": "slo_fundus_07736.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes' superior visual fields stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the superior visual fields in both eyes appear to be stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes' superior visual fields stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes' superior visual fields appear to be stable in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5034, "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any retinal breaks or detachments present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no retinal breaks or detachments present in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any retinal breaks or detachments present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no retinal breaks or detachments present in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5608, "image": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the immature cataracts currently affecting the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immature cataracts are not currently affecting the patient's vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the immature cataracts currently affecting the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immature cataracts are not affecting the patient's vision at the time of the examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2738, "image": "slo_fundus_07435.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient continues brimonidine for glaucoma, advised to adhere to medication, uses artificial tears. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Follow-up for IOP check, dilation, disc photos. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 72-year-old female suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 72-year-old female is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient continues brimonidine for glaucoma, advised to adhere to medication, uses artificial tears. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Follow-up for IOP check, dilation, disc photos. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 72-year-old female suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 72-year-old female is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3840, "image": "slo_fundus_07608.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old male patient has a history of HSV keratitis OS, epiretinal membrane OU, moderate NRP OD, mild NRP OS, and non-visually significant cataracts OU. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old male patient has a history of HSV keratitis OS, epiretinal membrane OU, moderate NRP OD, mild NRP OS, and non-visually significant cataracts OU. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3228, "image": "slo_fundus_07511.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has vitreofoveal separation and ocular hypertension. Confirmed as a glaucoma suspect with IOP elevated to 28/27 and 28/28 previously. Plan for COSOPT BID OU due to consistently elevated IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient provided with contacts for the glaucoma department?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was provided with contacts for the glaucoma department."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has vitreofoveal separation and ocular hypertension. Confirmed as a glaucoma suspect with IOP elevated to 28/27 and 28/28 previously. Plan for COSOPT BID OU due to consistently elevated IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient provided with contacts for the glaucoma department?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was provided with contacts for the glaucoma department."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 729, "image": "slo_fundus_07121.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of bilateral glaucoma, despite presenting with no visual field loss. Initial optic nerve findings describe a larger nerve in the right eye and a smaller one in left; both classified as borderline. Intraocular pressure is stable, chronic back pain also noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the latanoprost effectively controlling the patient's intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the latanoprost appears to be effectively controlling the patient's intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of bilateral glaucoma, despite presenting with no visual field loss. Initial optic nerve findings describe a larger nerve in the right eye and a smaller one in left; both classified as borderline. Intraocular pressure is stable, chronic back pain also noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the latanoprost effectively controlling the patient's intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the latanoprost appears to be effectively controlling the patient's intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2417, "image": "slo_fundus_07385.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Issue with timolol prescription not reaching pharmacy. Will re-prescribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the optic nerve cupping remained stable with intraocular pressure at the high end of normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve cupping has remained stable with intraocular pressure at the high end of normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Issue with timolol prescription not reaching pharmacy. Will re-prescribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the optic nerve cupping remained stable with intraocular pressure at the high end of normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve cupping has remained stable with intraocular pressure at the high end of normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3643, "image": "slo_fundus_07577.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the risks of the surgery been explained to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks of the surgery have been explained to the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the risks of the surgery been explained to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks of the surgery have been explained to the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1186, "image": "slo_fundus_07193.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in Hermia Mason's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in Hermia Mason's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in Hermia Mason's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in Hermia Mason's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1617, "image": "slo_fundus_07256.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a known patent foramen ovale, multiple sclerosis, partial transverse myelitis and suffered a stroke. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not diagnose the patient with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a known patent foramen ovale, multiple sclerosis, partial transverse myelitis and suffered a stroke. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not diagnose the patient with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 274, "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are macular drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show the presence of macular drusen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are macular drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, macular drusen are present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4547, "image": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had prior eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had prior eye surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had prior eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had prior eye surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2734, "image": "slo_fundus_07434.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a condition affecting both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a condition affecting both eyes, as they have been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and have been using Xalatan eye drops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a condition affecting both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a condition affecting both eyes, as they have been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and have been using Xalatan eye drops."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 12, "image": "slo_fundus_07003.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3290, "image": "slo_fundus_07521.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to control blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to control blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to control blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to control blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5157, "image": "slo_fundus_07814.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medications for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medications for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a pituitary lesion with radiological optic chiasm impingement but no visual field compromise or optic atrophy, suggesting no onset of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking any medications for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking any medications for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3403, "image": "slo_fundus_07540.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has monocular diplopia, complex migraine, and pulsatile tinnitus with no evidence of intracranial hypertension or glaucoma. Suggested to manage migraines and conduct pheochromocytoma tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence or absence of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not provide enough information to confirm the presence or absence of glaucoma. Further examination and tests would be necessary to determine if glaucoma is present or not."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has monocular diplopia, complex migraine, and pulsatile tinnitus with no evidence of intracranial hypertension or glaucoma. Suggested to manage migraines and conduct pheochromocytoma tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence or absence of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not provide enough information to confirm the presence or absence of glaucoma. Further diagnostic tests and clinical examination would be necessary to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4385, "image": "slo_fundus_07694.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary mention obtaining the patient's records from a CT office?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient's records were obtained from a CT office."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary mention obtaining the patient's records from a CT office?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient's records were obtained from a CT office."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4610, "image": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the vitreous of the patient's eye normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vitreous of the patient's eye appears to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the vitreous of the patient's eye normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vitreous of the patient's eye appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4746, "image": "slo_fundus_07751.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a high risk for asymmetric glaucoma in the left eye and none in the right eye. Stable IOP measurements with the left eye higher than the right. Will start on Timolol medication for glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a high risk for asymmetric glaucoma in the left eye and none in the right eye. Stable IOP measurements with the left eye higher than the right. Will start on Timolol medication for glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4718, "image": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the left eye require surgery for the cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, it appears that the left eye requires surgery for the cataract."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the left eye require surgery for the cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye requires surgery for the cataract."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4261, "image": "slo_fundus_07674.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1229, "image": "slo_fundus_07198.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2296, "image": "slo_fundus_07367.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an allergy to brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an allergy to brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an allergy to brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an allergy to brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2701, "image": "slo_fundus_07429.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's mother have macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother has macular degeneration."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's mother have macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother has macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 437, "image": "slo_fundus_07074.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has raised ICP and optic disc drusen with possible IIH. She's recommended to continue methazolamide, weight loss and measures to reduce occipitocervical strain. She had cataract removal and amblyopia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a persistent scotoma indicating a potential retinal issue?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the persistent scotoma in the right eye suggests that there might be a potential retinal issue. Further evaluation and consultation with a healthcare professional would be necessary to determine the cause and appropriate treatment for this issue."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has raised ICP and optic disc drusen with possible IIH. She's recommended to continue methazolamide, weight loss and measures to reduce occipitocervical strain. She had cataract removal and amblyopia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a persistent scotoma indicating a potential retinal issue?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the persistent scotoma in the right eye suggests that there might be a potential retinal issue."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4223, "image": "slo_fundus_07667.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a larger optic nerve in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a larger optic nerve in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a larger optic nerve in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a larger optic nerve in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2090, "image": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a neuro-ophthalmic exam scheduled for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a neuro-ophthalmic exam is scheduled for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a neuro-ophthalmic exam scheduled for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a neuro-ophthalmic exam is scheduled for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3949, "image": "slo_fundus_07624.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there borderline superior thinning in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows borderline superior thinning in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there borderline superior thinning in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows borderline superior thinning in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1992, "image": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an asymmetrical cup to disc ratio observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show an asymmetrical cup to disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. female is a glaucoma suspect with family history increasing risk. Cataract not visually significant. Patient also has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an asymmetrical cup to disc ratio observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show asymmetrical cup to disc ratios, which is a characteristic finding in glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5705, "image": "slo_fundus_07901.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs to maintain specific intraocular pressure levels due to uveitis. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. They're directed to continue certain medications, start Rhopressa, and manage eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have worsening cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has worsening cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs to maintain specific intraocular pressure levels due to uveitis. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. They're directed to continue certain medications, start Rhopressa, and manage eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have worsening cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has worsening cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 782, "image": "slo_fundus_07129.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a follow-up been advised for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up has been advised for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a follow-up been advised for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up has been advised for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4612, "image": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels within the patient's eye normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vessels within the patient's eye appear to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels within the patient's eye normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vessels within the patient's eye appear to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1910, "image": "slo_fundus_07305.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lower lid lesions planned to be excised?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lower lid lesions are planned to be excised."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lower lid lesions planned to be excised?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lower lid lesions are planned to be excised."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3203, "image": "slo_fundus_07507.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to borderline intraocular pressure. However, there is no evidence of glaucoma according to an rnfl oct test. The visual field and intraocular pressure are normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been confirmed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been confirmed in the patient according to the rnfl oct test."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to borderline intraocular pressure. However, there is no evidence of glaucoma according to an rnfl oct test. The visual field and intraocular pressure are normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been confirmed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma has not been confirmed in the patient according to the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1966, "image": "slo_fundus_07313.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 year-old female with history of bilateral nerve swelling from a large frontal meningioma has normal OCT results for both eyes despite non-specific defects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there indications of changes in the patient's visual field tests?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual field tests showed changes, which led to the diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 year-old female with history of bilateral nerve swelling from a large frontal meningioma has normal OCT results for both eyes despite non-specific defects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there indications of changes in the patient's visual field tests?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's visual field tests showed changes, but the OCT results were normal for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5372, "image": "slo_fundus_07850.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the pyogenic granuloma initially respond to steroid antibiotic treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pyogenic granuloma initially responded to steroid antibiotic treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the pyogenic granuloma initially respond to steroid antibiotic treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pyogenic granuloma initially responded to steroid antibiotic treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2558, "image": "slo_fundus_07406.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific visual field defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has non-specific visual field defects in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there non-specific visual field defects present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show non-specific visual field defects."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2068, "image": "slo_fundus_07330.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 year old white, non-Hispanic female patient with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking multiple medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking multiple medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 year old white, non-Hispanic female patient with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking multiple medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently taking multiple medications."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2524, "image": "slo_fundus_07402.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had congenital cyst in the right eye which was enucleated and had undergone multiple oculoplastics procedures. Mild cataract in left eye, not visually significant. Other pathological changes like elevated choroidal lesion were found in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure check?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure check."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had congenital cyst in the right eye which was enucleated and had undergone multiple oculoplastics procedures. Mild cataract in left eye, not visually significant. Other pathological changes like elevated choroidal lesion were found in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure check?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled to return for an intraocular pressure check."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4456, "image": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornea scarring stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cornea scarring appears to be stable in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornea scarring stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cornea scarring appears to be stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1874, "image": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild macular drusen formation in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild macular drusen formation in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mild macular drusen formation in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild macular drusen formation in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3505, "image": "slo_fundus_07556.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient expected to adhere to a medication regimen for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is expected to adhere to a medication regimen for glaucoma management. This regimen includes pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient expected to adhere to a medication regimen for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is expected to adhere to a medication regimen for glaucoma management. The regimen includes pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 795, "image": "slo_fundus_07133.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early posterior capsule opacification?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has early posterior capsule opacification."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early posterior capsule opacification?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has early posterior capsule opacification."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1194, "image": "slo_fundus_07194.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2626, "image": "slo_fundus_07417.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently going through perimenopause?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently going through perimenopause."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently going through perimenopause?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently going through perimenopause."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4229, "image": "slo_fundus_07668.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note specify the presence of glaucoma in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not mention glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note specify the presence of glaucoma in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not mention glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5772, "image": "slo_fundus_07914.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is stable."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4326, "image": "slo_fundus_07683.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were immunizations administered to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient received immunizations."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were immunizations administered to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient received immunizations."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4780, "image": "slo_fundus_07757.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67-year-old male with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), family history of glaucoma (uncertain), and mild cataracts. IOP uncontrolled, been high in 2 prior exams. Plan: start Latan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67-year-old male with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), family history of glaucoma (uncertain), and mild cataracts. IOP uncontrolled, been high in 2 prior exams. Plan: start Latan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1071, "image": "slo_fundus_07176.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect with past borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and narrow angle. Presented with superior thinning of the optic nerve but normal visual fields. She also has an incipient cataract and corneal opacity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerve measurements within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve measurements in this patient are within normal range."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect with past borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and narrow angle. Presented with superior thinning of the optic nerve but normal visual fields. She also has an incipient cataract and corneal opacity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerve measurements within normal range for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerve measurements in this patient are within normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3903, "image": "slo_fundus_07616.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient showing progress, recommended to stop Acetazolamide for pseudotumor cerebri syndrome treatment. No mention of glaucoma; healthier choices noted. Next check-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nasal congestion possibly related to allergies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nasal congestion could be possibly related to allergies."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient showing progress, recommended to stop Acetazolamide for pseudotumor cerebri syndrome treatment. No mention of glaucoma; healthier choices noted. Next check-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nasal congestion possibly related to allergies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nasal congestion could be possibly related to allergies."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3605, "image": "slo_fundus_07571.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests lumbar radiculopathy and possible small fiber neuropathy. Recommends various tests, adjusting medication, and consulting fertility services. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note suggests lumbar radiculopathy and possible small fiber neuropathy. Recommends various tests, adjusting medication, and consulting fertility services. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1912, "image": "slo_fundus_07306.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to investigate sleep patterns for potentially aiding vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to investigate sleep patterns for potentially aiding vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to investigate sleep patterns for potentially aiding vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to investigate sleep patterns for potentially aiding vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2541, "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were new glasses prescribed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, new glasses were prescribed for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were new glasses prescribed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, new glasses were prescribed for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3468, "image": "slo_fundus_07551.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently under control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. Experiences difficulty driving with glasses, seeing double images. Recommended to check prescription. May need open xen, bgi od, or yag capsulotomy surgeries for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently under control."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2, "image": "slo_fundus_07001.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old man has a history of increased c/d ratio, referred for further glaucoma evaluation. The test results show signs of glaucoma with possible progression. Other conditions include mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the image and the provided information."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old man has a history of increased c/d ratio, referred for further glaucoma evaluation. The test results show signs of glaucoma with possible progression. Other conditions include mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1933, "image": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1822, "image": "slo_fundus_07293.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing presbyopia, which is a normal age-related change in the lens of the eye that can lead to difficulty focusing on nearby objects."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient appears to be experiencing presbyopia, which is a normal age-related change in the lens of the eye that can lead to difficulty focusing on nearby objects."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5375, "image": "slo_fundus_07850.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of chalazia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of chalazia in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of chalazia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of chalazia in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5387, "image": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the notes include optic nerve tests for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the notes indicate that optic nerve tests were performed for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the notes include optic nerve tests for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the notes include optic nerve tests for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5027, "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of large extraocular muscle (EOM) or optic nerve compression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of large extraocular muscle (EOM) or optic nerve compression in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of large extraocular muscle (EOM) or optic nerve compression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of large extraocular muscle (EOM) or optic nerve compression in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3664, "image": "slo_fundus_07581.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the intraocular pressure in the right eye measured at 17?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the right eye was measured at 17."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the intraocular pressure in the right eye measured at 17?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure in the right eye was measured at 17."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5857, "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's eye pressure decrease initially after the SLT procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye pressure decreased initially after the SLT procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's eye pressure decrease initially after the SLT procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye pressure decreased initially after the SLT procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4156, "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use fish oil as part of her treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses fish oil as part of her treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient use fish oil as part of her treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient uses fish oil as part of her treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2047, "image": "slo_fundus_07325.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild guttae?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild guttae."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild guttae?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild guttae, which is a normal finding in some individuals."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2926, "image": "slo_fundus_07462.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient report symptoms of dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient does report symptoms of dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient report symptoms of dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient reported symptoms of dry eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5415, "image": "slo_fundus_07857.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an elevation in intraocular pressure observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have an elevated intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspected glaucoma case with stable optic nerves, normal IOP, OCTs, & mild cataracts. No glaucoma medication required. Has history of breast cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an elevation in intraocular pressure observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no elevation in intraocular pressure observed in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2779, "image": "slo_fundus_07440.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopic astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic astigmatism, which is a type of nearsightedness that affects the shape of the cornea and lens, causing blurred vision at a distance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopic astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4307, "image": "slo_fundus_07681.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient restart and continue using Cosopt and Brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has decided to restart and continue using Cosopt and Brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient restart and continue using Cosopt and Brimonidine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has restarted and continues using Cosopt and Brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5683, "image": "slo_fundus_07897.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and experiences night blurring. They do not show evidence of superimposed glaucoma. They are using Restasis for dry eyes, have a peripheral corneal opacity, and an early stage cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a complication involving central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) also discussed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the complication involving central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was also discussed in the context of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and experiences night blurring. They do not show evidence of superimposed glaucoma. They are using Restasis for dry eyes, have a peripheral corneal opacity, and an early stage cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a complication involving central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) also discussed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reference report also discussed a complication involving central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3227, "image": "slo_fundus_07511.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has vitreofoveal separation and ocular hypertension. Confirmed as a glaucoma suspect with IOP elevated to 28/27 and 28/28 previously. Plan for COSOPT BID OU due to consistently elevated IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been asked to bring a note on their next visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been asked to bring a note on their next visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has vitreofoveal separation and ocular hypertension. Confirmed as a glaucoma suspect with IOP elevated to 28/27 and 28/28 previously. Plan for COSOPT BID OU due to consistently elevated IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been asked to bring a note on their next visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been asked to bring a note on their next visit."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2978, "image": "slo_fundus_07472.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been initiated on any glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been initiated on any glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been initiated on any glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been initiated on any glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5079, "image": "slo_fundus_07803.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56 y.o. male patient with mild bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), particularly in left eye. Stable visual fields. Plan to restart Latanoprost eye drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any clinical signs of secondary glaucoma in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no clinical signs of secondary glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56 y.o. male patient with mild bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), particularly in left eye. Stable visual fields. Plan to restart Latanoprost eye drops. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any clinical signs of secondary glaucoma in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no clinical signs of secondary glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5380, "image": "slo_fundus_07851.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the HbA1c level of the patient 6.1%?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's HbA1c level is 6.1%."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the HbA1c level of the patient 6.1%?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HbA1c level of the patient is 6.1%."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4714, "image": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure well managed on Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current intraocular pressure appears to be well managed on Cosopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient doesn't meet legal driving requirements due to below standard visual field. Attends regular eye exams. History of multiple strokes, intracranial atherosclerosis, and enlarged optic nerve cups, possibly indicating glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure well managed on Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the current intraocular pressure appears to be well managed on Cosopt."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1050, "image": "slo_fundus_07173.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a refractive error in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a refractive error in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4177, "image": "slo_fundus_07659.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have vitreous floaters in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has vitreous floaters in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have vitreous floaters in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has vitreous floaters in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 517, "image": "slo_fundus_07086.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of knee replacement, hernia, cataract surgery, GERD, osteomyelitis, hypertension, and congenital absence of one testis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eyelid of the patient permanently closed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eyelid of the patient appears to be permanently closed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of knee replacement, hernia, cataract surgery, GERD, osteomyelitis, hypertension, and congenital absence of one testis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eyelid of the patient permanently closed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eyelid of the patient appears to be permanently closed."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1800, "image": "slo_fundus_07290.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cataract in both eyes, dry eye, and borderline elevated intraocular pressure (possible glaucoma). Normal OCT of RNFL in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show any evidence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image does not show any evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cataract in both eyes, dry eye, and borderline elevated intraocular pressure (possible glaucoma). Normal OCT of RNFL in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show any evidence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image does not show any evidence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3261, "image": "slo_fundus_07517.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a need for the patient to consult with an ophthalmologist about legal blindness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient may need to consult with an ophthalmologist about legal blindness."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a need for the patient to consult with an ophthalmologist about legal blindness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient has been referred to an ophthalmologist for a consultation regarding legal blindness."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4222, "image": "slo_fundus_07667.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient under suspicion for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is under suspicion for glaucoma, as evidenced by the intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient under suspicion for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is under suspicion for glaucoma, as evidenced by the intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4000, "image": "slo_fundus_07632.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient opt for shunt revision surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient opted for shunt revision surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient opt for shunt revision surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient opted for shunt revision surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5561, "image": "slo_fundus_07879.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2126, "image": "slo_fundus_07337.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have sensorineural hearing loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has sensorineural hearing loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have sensorineural hearing loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has sensorineural hearing loss."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5694, "image": "slo_fundus_07899.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient attended the necessary medical appointments for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has attended the necessary medical appointments for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient attended the necessary medical appointments for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has attended the necessary medical appointments for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4794, "image": "slo_fundus_07759.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes showing normal results in the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT results for both eyes appear to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes showing normal results in the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes in the OCT image show normal results."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1486, "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is trabeculectomy being considered due to high intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that trabeculectomy is being considered due to high intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is trabeculectomy being considered due to high intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that trabeculectomy is being considered due to high intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4276, "image": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acetazolamide currently being taken by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking acetazolamide."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acetazolamide currently being taken by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking acetazolamide."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1975, "image": "slo_fundus_07314.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-progressive bilateral optic neuropathy, likely due to nutritional deficiency and history of alcohol use. No evidence of optic nerve compression or glaucoma. Optic nerve pallor and cupping OD>OS observed, cause unclear. Patient has a history of chiasmal lesions, heavy alcohol and smoking use (remission), cholesteatoma, and an unspecified brain 'cyst'. Instructions given to follow up with ophthalmology and for neuro-ophthalmic examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is weight loss recommended as part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, weight loss is recommended as part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-progressive bilateral optic neuropathy, likely due to nutritional deficiency and history of alcohol use. No evidence of optic nerve compression or glaucoma. Optic nerve pallor and cupping OD>OS observed, cause unclear. Patient has a history of chiasmal lesions, heavy alcohol and smoking use (remission), cholesteatoma, and an unspecified brain 'cyst'. Instructions given to follow up with ophthalmology and for neuro-ophthalmic examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is weight loss recommended as part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, weight loss is recommended as part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5821, "image": "slo_fundus_07921.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note reports no evidence of acute infarction or herniation. Left cranioplasty prosthesis placement and pneumocephalus deep to craniotomy site observed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a diagnosis be made based on the information given in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a diagnosis cannot be made based on the information given in the clinical note alone. The diagnostic information in the reference reports should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note reports no evidence of acute infarction or herniation. Left cranioplasty prosthesis placement and pneumocephalus deep to craniotomy site observed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a diagnosis be made based on the information given in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a diagnosis cannot be made based on the information given in the clinical note alone. The clinical note provides some context and observations, but it is not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation, including additional imaging studies and clinical correlation, would be necessary to determine the patient's condition accurately."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1249, "image": "slo_fundus_07201.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the optic nerves appear healthy in the eye images?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerves appear healthy in the eye images."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the optic nerves appear healthy in the eye images?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerves appear healthy in the eye images."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 918, "image": "slo_fundus_07152.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased risk for glaucoma due to prior trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased risk for glaucoma in this case is due to prior trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased risk for glaucoma due to prior trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased risk for glaucoma in this case is due to prior trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 150, "image": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudophakia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudophakia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 287, "image": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in the patient's eye condition summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye condition summary does not show any visual loss or papilledema, which indicates no presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in the patient's eye condition summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye condition summary does not show any visual loss or papilledema, which indicates no presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6092, "image": "slo_fundus_07968.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) stable on Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable on Cosopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) stable on Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable on Cosopt."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5935, "image": "slo_fundus_07941.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there retinal detachment in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have retinal detachment in their eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there retinal detachment in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no retinal detachment in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3876, "image": "slo_fundus_07613.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have borderline hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 6064, "image": "slo_fundus_07963.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been experiencing poor vision for years. Outer retinal nerve fiber layer appears normal, intraocular pressure (IOP) is under 10. Living with pseudophakia, stable for 1 year. Currently on Travatan and Restasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a cataract present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract in their left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 82-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been experiencing poor vision for years. Outer retinal nerve fiber layer appears normal, intraocular pressure (IOP) is under 10. Living with pseudophakia, stable for 1 year. Currently on Travatan and Restasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a cataract present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract in their left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 459, "image": "slo_fundus_07077.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fuzziness with close-up vision a symptom the patient is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing fuzziness with close-up vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has osteoarthritis in multiple joints, chronic knee pain, primary insomnia, and asthma. Exhibits hot flashes and is ANA positive. Immunizations given. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fuzziness with close-up vision a symptom the patient is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing fuzziness with close-up vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2868, "image": "slo_fundus_07454.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma in either of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of glaucoma mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma in either of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there are no signs of glaucoma in either of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2588, "image": "slo_fundus_07412.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an epiretinal membrane in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is an epiretinal membrane present in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3985, "image": "slo_fundus_07630.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the thin rnfl and gcl in the patient's eyes attributed to myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the thin rnfl and gcl in the patient's eyes are attributed to myopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the thin rnfl and gcl in the patient's eyes attributed to myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the thin rnfl and gcl in the patient's eyes are attributed to myopia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3639, "image": "slo_fundus_07577.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing blurred vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing blurred vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing blurred vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing blurred vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1212, "image": "slo_fundus_07196.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. female is suspected of having glaucoma due to large c/d ratio. Normal iop levels, no known family history of glaucoma. Also has dry eye, hyperopic astigmatism, presbyopia, a cataract of minimal visual significance, and retinal tear. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the recent Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) results for the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the recent OCT results for the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. female is suspected of having glaucoma due to large c/d ratio. Normal iop levels, no known family history of glaucoma. Also has dry eye, hyperopic astigmatism, presbyopia, a cataract of minimal visual significance, and retinal tear. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the recent Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) results for the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the recent OCT results for the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were normal."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5633, "image": "slo_fundus_07891.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed rosuvastatin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed rosuvastatin."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed rosuvastatin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed rosuvastatin."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4451, "image": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient taken steroids for uveitis in the past?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has taken steroids for uveitis in the past."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient taken steroids for uveitis in the past?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has taken steroids for uveitis in the past."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2411, "image": "slo_fundus_07384.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there borderline visual field loss in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline visual field loss in their left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being closely monitored off glaucoma medications. They are using preservative-free artificial tears as needed. Follow ups and possible treatments for glaucoma risk factors are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there borderline visual field loss in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has borderline visual field loss in their left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3117, "image": "slo_fundus_07493.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost being used to manage the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using latanoprost to manage their glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost being used to manage the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost is being used to manage the patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2506, "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1539, "image": "slo_fundus_07245.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was time also spent on coordinating care for the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that time was also spent on coordinating care for the patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was time also spent on coordinating care for the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, time was also spent on coordinating care for the patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 919, "image": "slo_fundus_07152.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a cataract in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4163, "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended to monitor pingueculae?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been recommended to monitor pingueculae."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended to monitor pingueculae?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been recommended to monitor pingueculae, which are small, yellowish deposits on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4389, "image": "slo_fundus_07695.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the man being followed up at BMC for thin corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the man being followed up at BMC is being monitored for thin corneas."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the man being followed up at BMC for thin corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the man being followed up at BMC is being monitored for thin corneas."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 33, "image": "slo_fundus_07006.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma in both eyes due to appearance. Tests found open gonioscopic view, full Humphreys visual field, normal OCT. No glaucoma evidence. Mild myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the risk assessment reveal a high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risk assessment reveals a high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma in both eyes due to appearance. Tests found open gonioscopic view, full Humphreys visual field, normal OCT. No glaucoma evidence. Mild myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the risk assessment reveal a high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risk assessment suggests that there is a high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5960, "image": "slo_fundus_07945.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, the patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4923, "image": "slo_fundus_07777.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there slight thinning observed in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is slight thinning observed in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there slight thinning observed in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is slight thinning observed in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 667, "image": "slo_fundus_07111.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts that are minimally affecting their vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts that are minimally affecting their vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of 2 retinal breaks and mild cupping. Borderline intraocular pressure observed. Normal visual field, but borderline thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have cataracts that are minimally affecting their vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has cataracts that are minimally affecting their vision."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4977, "image": "slo_fundus_07786.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's family?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother has mild glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma in the patient's family?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother has mild glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2654, "image": "slo_fundus_07422.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. Asian, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma and sarcoidosis. Advised to get FA test for possible vasculitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient prefer selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient prefers selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. Asian, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma and sarcoidosis. Advised to get FA test for possible vasculitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient prefer selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient prefers selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1372, "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are other eye conditions the patient has under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has other eye conditions under control."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are other eye conditions the patient has under control?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has other eye conditions under control, including cataract and diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1081, "image": "slo_fundus_07178.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under medication for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently under medication for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under medication for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently under medication for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4449, "image": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's current intraocular pressure (IOP) well controlled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's current intraocular pressure (IOP) is well controlled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's current intraocular pressure (IOP) well controlled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's current IOP is well controlled, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3277, "image": "slo_fundus_07519.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myopic degeneration a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic degeneration, which is a condition that affects the retina and can lead to vision loss if left untreated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myopic degeneration a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has myopic degeneration, which is a condition that affects the eyes and can lead to vision problems."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2922, "image": "slo_fundus_07462.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient unexpectedly lost 15 lbs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has unexpectedly lost 15 lbs."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient unexpectedly lost 15 lbs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has unexpectedly lost 15 lbs."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5604, "image": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have eczema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has eczema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have eczema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has eczema."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3539, "image": "slo_fundus_07561.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have persistent macular folds?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has persistent macular folds."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have persistent macular folds?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has persistent macular folds, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1573, "image": "slo_fundus_07251.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 759, "image": "slo_fundus_07126.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has secondary glaucoma in the right eye (OD) due to outflow obstruction from an iridociliary melanoma tumor, which is in remission. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is high at 30 OD. Various glaucoma treatments are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to switch to latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to switch to latanoprost as a treatment option."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has secondary glaucoma in the right eye (OD) due to outflow obstruction from an iridociliary melanoma tumor, which is in remission. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is high at 30 OD. Various glaucoma treatments are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to switch to latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to switch to latanoprost as a treatment option."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2874, "image": "slo_fundus_07456.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension, which is a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension, which is a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 833, "image": "slo_fundus_07139.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient lost central vision in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has lost central vision in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient lost central vision in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has lost central vision in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2924, "image": "slo_fundus_07462.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) stable for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be stable for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4244, "image": "slo_fundus_07670.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old black, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5710, "image": "slo_fundus_07902.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Cosopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Cosopt?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Cosopt, which is a medication used to treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3545, "image": "slo_fundus_07562.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio, which is a sign of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio, which is a characteristic finding in glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3764, "image": "slo_fundus_07597.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there optic atrophy present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's left eye shows optic atrophy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there optic atrophy present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's left eye shows optic atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2011, "image": "slo_fundus_07320.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these medications, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost, typically used to treat glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost are medications commonly used to treat glaucoma. They are both beta-blockers that help lower intraocular pressure (IOP), which is a key factor in managing glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these medications, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost, typically used to treat glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost are commonly used medications for the treatment of glaucoma. They are prescribed to help lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and manage the condition."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5847, "image": "slo_fundus_07926.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension, as mentioned in the image and report."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension, as indicated in the image and the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2780, "image": "slo_fundus_07440.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the large cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio a longstanding condition since childhood for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio is a longstanding condition for the patient, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the large cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio a longstanding condition since childhood for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large cup-to-disc (c:d) ratio is a longstanding condition for the patient, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3887, "image": "slo_fundus_07614.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dry eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from dry eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has dry eyes, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5228, "image": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure well controlled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure appears to be well controlled."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a subjective decrease in vision, mild blurring of disc margins, mild dyschromatopsia, a history of IIH, and post extraction complications. They show signs of possible macular and RNFL thinning which may suggest glaucoma. An MRI is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure well controlled?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is well controlled."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3181, "image": "slo_fundus_07504.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost part of the patient's eye medication routine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Latanoprost is part of the patient's eye medication routine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has stable epiretinal membrane, stable mild visually significant cataract, ocular hypertension with stable intraocular pressure, and perfect visual fields. No sign of glaucoma. Changed refractive, resolved retinal heme. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost part of the patient's eye medication routine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Latanoprost is part of the patient's eye medication routine."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2673, "image": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing worsening of the visual field in the right eye despite low intraocular pressures (IOPs)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing worsening of the visual field in the right eye despite low intraocular pressures (IOPs)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing worsening of the visual field in the right eye despite low intraocular pressures (IOPs)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing worsening of the visual field in the right eye despite low intraocular pressures (IOPs)."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5175, "image": "slo_fundus_07817.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the risks of infection, double vision, and the potential need for further surgery discussed with the patient regarding the laser procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks of infection, double vision, and the potential need for further surgery were discussed with the patient regarding the laser procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the risks of infection, double vision, and the potential need for further surgery discussed with the patient regarding the laser procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the risks of infection, double vision, and the potential need for further surgery were discussed with the patient regarding the laser procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2800, "image": "slo_fundus_07443.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has optic neuritis which could be associated with 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein'. The patient has many cerebral white matter lesions but no other neurological issues. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there residual optic neuropathy present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has residual optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has optic neuritis which could be associated with 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein'. The patient has many cerebral white matter lesions but no other neurological issues. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there residual optic neuropathy present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has residual optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 988, "image": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking a multivitamin supplement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is taking a multivitamin supplement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking a multivitamin supplement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is taking a multivitamin supplement."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4754, "image": "slo_fundus_07752.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the increased cup-to-disc ratio observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup-to-disc ratio was observed in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the increased cup-to-disc ratio observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the increased cup-to-disc ratio was observed in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2985, "image": "slo_fundus_07473.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have a diagnosis of breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of breast cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have a diagnosis of breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of breast cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2842, "image": "slo_fundus_07450.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, an 85 y.o. female, has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in the right eye, mild in the left eye. Uses Timolol for treatment. Also has rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is compliance with the medication regimen emphasized for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, compliance with the medication regimen is emphasized for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, an 85 y.o. female, has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in the right eye, mild in the left eye. Uses Timolol for treatment. Also has rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is compliance with the medication regimen emphasized for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's compliance with the medication regimen is emphasized in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1649, "image": "slo_fundus_07263.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma, borderline ocular hypertension, and history of allergic conjunctivitis. She prefers close monitoring over therapy to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient myopic with astigmatism in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is myopic with astigmatism in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma, borderline ocular hypertension, and history of allergic conjunctivitis. She prefers close monitoring over therapy to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient myopic with astigmatism in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is myopic with astigmatism in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5523, "image": "slo_fundus_07874.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cause of the bilateral visual field constriction clear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cause of the bilateral visual field constriction is not clear from the image and report provided. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the underlying cause of the visual field constriction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cause of the bilateral visual field constriction clear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cause of the bilateral visual field constriction is not clear from the image and report. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the underlying cause of the visual field constriction."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1555, "image": "slo_fundus_07248.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances were noted. He has possible superior thinning in the right eye and possible borderline temporal thinning in the left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome with ocular hypertension in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances were noted. He has possible superior thinning in the right eye and possible borderline temporal thinning in the left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have nuclear sclerosis in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4034, "image": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of migraines."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1756, "image": "slo_fundus_07282.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently delaying cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently delaying cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently delaying cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently delaying cataract surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5874, "image": "slo_fundus_07930.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure for this patient 20 in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the target intraocular pressure (iop) for this patient is 20 in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure for this patient 20 in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the target intraocular pressure for this patient is 20 in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4973, "image": "slo_fundus_07786.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3297, "image": "slo_fundus_07522.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed eye protection. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up planned with various tests and dilation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) levels low?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) levels are low."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed eye protection. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up planned with various tests and dilation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) levels low?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's IOP levels are low."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3042, "image": "slo_fundus_07482.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure controlled by an external agent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is controlled by an external agent."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 34-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no family history. Open angles with IOP of 16/16. OCT shows borderline thinning, no GCC thinning. Full HVF 24-2. Also has dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure controlled by an external agent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure is controlled by an external agent, which is a medication called latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3964, "image": "slo_fundus_07626.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. It primarily discusses administrative aspects. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome suggested for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and reference report suggest that possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome is suggested for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. It primarily discusses administrative aspects. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome suggested for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome is suggested for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1512, "image": "slo_fundus_07240.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to increased C:D ratio, though condition is controlled. Patient has decreased nasal steroid use and switched to PO allergy meds. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to increased C:D ratio, though condition is controlled. Patient has decreased nasal steroid use and switched to PO allergy meds. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1745, "image": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the c/d ratio of the left eye 0.3?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the c/d ratio of the left eye is 0.3."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the c/d ratio of the left eye 0.3?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the c/d ratio of the left eye is 0.3."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2759, "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Metformin one of the medications mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Metformin is one of the medications mentioned for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Metformin one of the medications mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Metformin is one of the medications mentioned for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 483, "image": "slo_fundus_07081.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a stable visual field?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a stable visual field."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a stable visual field?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a stable visual field."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4576, "image": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1815, "image": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's condition suggest optic chiasm compression due to the tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition suggests optic chiasm compression due to the tumor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's condition suggest optic chiasm compression due to the tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition suggests optic chiasm compression due to the tumor."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1484, "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layers in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layers."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layers in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's fundus image shows thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layers."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1728, "image": "slo_fundus_07277.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) at an acceptable level in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye appears to be within the normal range, as mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) at an acceptable level in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP in the left eye appears to be within the normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2131, "image": "slo_fundus_07338.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been treated for glaucoma with varying dates and times for different eye exams; visual field baseline, OCT-RNFL, and dilated exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the evaluation and diagnosis mentioned in the note recent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the evaluation and diagnosis mentioned in the note are recent."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been treated for glaucoma with varying dates and times for different eye exams; visual field baseline, OCT-RNFL, and dilated exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the evaluation and diagnosis mentioned in the note recent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the evaluation and diagnosis mentioned in the note are recent."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2029, "image": "slo_fundus_07323.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the patient has been prescribed dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3416, "image": "slo_fundus_07542.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female with history of spina bifida and mucous membrane pemphigoid, currently a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has cataracts, dry eye disease, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error, but none requiring immediate intervention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's eye issues related to muscle pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye issues are not related to muscle pain. The fundus image and the reference report provided do not mention muscle pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female with history of spina bifida and mucous membrane pemphigoid, currently a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Also has cataracts, dry eye disease, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error, but none requiring immediate intervention. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's eye issues related to muscle pain?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye issues are not related to muscle pain. The eye issues mentioned in the context include cataracts, dry eye disease, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 498, "image": "slo_fundus_07083.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with sacroiliac arthralgia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with sacroiliac arthralgia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with sacroiliac arthralgia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with sacroiliac arthralgia."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 5998, "image": "slo_fundus_07951.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the suspicion of Glaucoma due to a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the suspicion of Glaucoma in this case is due to a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the suspicion of Glaucoma due to a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the suspicion of Glaucoma in this case is due to a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 940, "image": "slo_fundus_07156.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to undergo diabetic eye exams?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to undergo diabetic eye exams."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient advised to undergo diabetic eye exams?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was advised to undergo diabetic eye exams."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1468, "image": "slo_fundus_07232.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned in the reference reports."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not mentioned as a condition affecting the patient in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2405, "image": "slo_fundus_07383.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with painless visual loss in left eye. Visual acuity good, but inferior altitudinal defect noted. Findings suggest non arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is diagnosed with hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with painless visual loss in left eye. Visual acuity good, but inferior altitudinal defect noted. Findings suggest non arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is diagnosed with hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4438, "image": "slo_fundus_07703.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Request for scheduling LPI OU has been made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a possibility of mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a possibility of mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Request for scheduling LPI OU has been made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a possibility of mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a possibility of mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 951, "image": "slo_fundus_07157.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 79 y.o. female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, showing c:d asymmetry. The current treatment plan includes Timolol 0.5%. She also has a cataract in her left eye, which remains under observation. No signs of a choroidal tumor were found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye image shows signs of glaucoma, as it is associated with primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 79 y.o. female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, showing c:d asymmetry. The current treatment plan includes Timolol 0.5%. She also has a cataract in her left eye, which remains under observation. No signs of a choroidal tumor were found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye image indicates the presence of glaucoma, as it shows c:d asymmetry, which is a characteristic finding in glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 4513, "image": "slo_fundus_07716.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma. Target intraocular pressure is 18. Has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of severe glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of severe glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma. Target intraocular pressure is 18. Has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of severe glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of severe glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1343, "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient receive topical anesthesia for the procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will receive topical anesthesia for the procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Will the patient receive topical anesthesia for the procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient will receive topical anesthesia for the procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 394, "image": "slo_fundus_07066.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient screened for COVID in relation to the eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was screened for COVID in relation to the eye examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Pressure check expedited to MD. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient screened for COVID in relation to the eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was screened for COVID in relation to the eye examination."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2591, "image": "slo_fundus_07413.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on their eye appearance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on their eye appearance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on their eye appearance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on their eye appearance."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2550, "image": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2097, "image": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient experience initial pain in the right eye after the laser peripheral iridotomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experienced initial pain in the right eye after the laser peripheral iridotomy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient experience initial pain in the right eye after the laser peripheral iridotomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experienced initial pain in the right eye after the laser peripheral iridotomy."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 3431, "image": "slo_fundus_07545.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient demonstrate normal pachymetry readings?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient demonstrates normal pachymetry readings."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient demonstrate normal pachymetry readings?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient demonstrates normal pachymetry readings."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2930, "image": "slo_fundus_07463.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cataract in the left eye considered non-significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataract in the left eye is considered non-significant in this case."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cataract in the left eye considered non-significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cataract in the left eye is considered non-significant."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2597, "image": "slo_fundus_07413.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it advised to monitor the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is advised to monitor the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74-year-old male with history of canaliculitis, borderline intraocular pressure, and refractive error. Cannot tolerate timolol. Father had glaucoma. Has a nuclear cataract but not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it advised to monitor the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is advised to monitor the patient's condition. The patient has a nuclear cataract, which is not visually significant at the moment, but it is important to keep an eye on the cataract and the patient's overall eye health. Monitoring can help detect any changes or progression of the condition and guide appropriate treatment decisions."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 374, "image": "slo_fundus_07062.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the treatments administered to the patient had varying results?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the treatments administered to the patient have had varying results. The patient's right eye showed improvement in the visual field, while the left eye showed worsening."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have the treatments administered to the patient had varying results?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the treatments administered to the patient have had varying results."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 1291, "image": "slo_fundus_07207.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of acute pathology in the provided eye images?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of acute pathology in the provided eye images."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Travoprost (Travatan Z) 0.004% drop in their right eye every evening. They are also using Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream topically twice a day. Conditions listed include hypercholesterolemia, giant cell arteritis, arthritis, hypertensive disorder, and incomplete uterovaginal prolapse. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of acute pathology in the provided eye images?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of acute pathology in the provided eye images."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2623, "image": "slo_fundus_07417.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient does experience migraines."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient experience migraines?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient experiences migraines."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": 2446, "image": "slo_fundus_07391.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief."}], "rejected_noised": 1}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07003.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone a glaucoma procedure, which is mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07007.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any specific details about Ms. PERSON's health status. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph, which is a type of retinal examination. It does not provide information about the cup/disc ratio. However, it is important to note that a fundus photograph is a valuable tool for detecting various eye conditions, including glaucoma. A healthcare professional would typically use this image, along with other diagnostic tests and clinical findings, to determine if a patient is suspected to have glaucoma or any other eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma or any specific details about Ms. PERSON's health status. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an MRI planned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that an MRI is planned for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an MRI planned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, an MRI is not planned for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's history does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred to optometry for MRx, discussed risk of glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts. Recommended frequent preservative-free artificial tears. Next check in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07010.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has had mixed mechanism glaucoma since an unspecified date. Initial optic nerve findings in both eyes and visual fields loss is noted. No intolerances to medications were reported. Both eyes underwent laser peripheral iridotomy and selective laser trabeculoplasty procedures. Other medical history includes congestive heart failure, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, transient ischemic attack, and seizures. A plan is needed to determine target intraocular pressure.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have glaucoma, as confirmed by the ophthalmologist."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has had mixed mechanism glaucoma since an unspecified date. Initial optic nerve findings in both eyes and visual fields loss is noted. No intolerances to medications were reported. Both eyes underwent laser peripheral iridotomy and selective laser trabeculoplasty procedures. Other medical history includes congestive heart failure, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, transient ischemic attack, and seizures. A plan is needed to determine target intraocular pressure.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, which is a type of glaucoma that affects both eyes and has caused visual fields loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07012.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Combigan and Prednisolone for inflammation and potential intraocular pressure increase. A uveitis specialist visit is recommended. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's symptoms resolve on their own without medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's symptoms resolved on their own without medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Combigan and Prednisolone for inflammation and potential intraocular pressure increase. A uveitis specialist visit is recommended. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient's symptoms resolve on their own without medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's symptoms did not resolve on their own."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07013.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old patient with normal intraocular pressure and c/d ratio showing no evidence of glaucoma. Also, has mild cataract, refractive error, and pvd. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a moderate combined cataract diagnosis for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests a moderate combined cataract diagnosis for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old patient with normal intraocular pressure and c/d ratio showing no evidence of glaucoma. Also, has mild cataract, refractive error, and pvd. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a moderate combined cataract diagnosis for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no moderate combined cataract diagnosis for the patient in the image and report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07013.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old patient with normal intraocular pressure and c/d ratio showing no evidence of glaucoma. Also, has mild cataract, refractive error, and pvd. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old patient with normal intraocular pressure and c/d ratio showing no evidence of glaucoma. Also, has mild cataract, refractive error, and pvd. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07014.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69 y.o. female has a history of lymphoma, anal cancer, hypertension, herpes labialis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She presents ptosis od, mild xt, and symmetric pupils. The patient has a history of glaucoma with a stable condition. Also, a history of uveitis and epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma in either eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69 y.o. female has a history of lymphoma, anal cancer, hypertension, herpes labialis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She presents ptosis od, mild xt, and symmetric pupils. The patient has a history of glaucoma with a stable condition. Also, a history of uveitis and epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07015.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tinnitus one of the conditions the patient is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing tinnitus, which is a ringing or buzzing in the ears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tinnitus one of the conditions the patient is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, tinnitus is not one of the conditions the patient is experiencing. The patient is experiencing dry eye symptoms."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07015.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with GERD."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07017.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a prescription for fluconazole and prenatal vitamins. There's no specific mention of glaucoma, but there's a reference to a visual field test. Other conditions listed are uterine leiomyoma, dyslexia, lactose intolerance, rectal bleeding, and precordial pain. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a prescription for fluconazole and prenatal vitamins. There's no specific mention of glaucoma, but there's a reference to a visual field test. Other conditions listed are uterine leiomyoma, dyslexia, lactose intolerance, rectal bleeding, and precordial pain. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07020.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of specific glaucoma medication in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention any specific glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of specific glaucoma medication in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions latanoprost, which is a specific glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07020.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's eye condition related to an injury?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with an eye condition, but it is not clear if the condition is related to an injury. To determine if the eye condition is related to an injury, more information about the patient's medical history and the specific eye condition would be needed."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's eye condition related to an injury?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye condition is related to an injury, as he has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07020.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify the type of glaucoma the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not specify the type of glaucoma the patient has."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify the type of glaucoma the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07021.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07021.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high ocular pressure in both eyes, suggesting poorly controlled glaucoma despite medication. The doctor discussed potential vision loss in the right eye due to high pressures and advised urgent cyclophotocoagulation, which the patient has deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07022.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68 y.o male is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratio, good intraocular pressure, and no family history. OCT shows varying thickness, sometimes normal, occasionally borderline thinning. Also experiencing refractive error, nuclear sclerotic cataract, and difficulty focusing at distance when tired.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not experienced any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68 y.o male is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratio, good intraocular pressure, and no family history. OCT shows varying thickness, sometimes normal, occasionally borderline thinning. Also experiencing refractive error, nuclear sclerotic cataract, and difficulty focusing at distance when tired.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07022.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68 y.o male is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratio, good intraocular pressure, and no family history. OCT shows varying thickness, sometimes normal, occasionally borderline thinning. Also experiencing refractive error, nuclear sclerotic cataract, and difficulty focusing at distance when tired.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on Lumigan for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after starting Lumigan for glaucoma treatment. However, I cannot provide a specific answer without actually seeing the image. If you could provide more information or context, I would be happy to help you further."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68 y.o male is a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratio, good intraocular pressure, and no family history. OCT shows varying thickness, sometimes normal, occasionally borderline thinning. Also experiencing refractive error, nuclear sclerotic cataract, and difficulty focusing at distance when tired.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on Lumigan for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been started on Lumigan for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07023.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07024.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on eye medication, taking prednisolone 2x a day and PERSON/brinzolamide 2x a day in left eye. Contact details for glaucoma department provided for routine and emergency queries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had an intraocular lens implant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan, which is used to visualize the internal structures of the eye during surgery. However, it does not provide information about whether the patient has had an intraocular lens implant or not. To determine if the patient has had an intraocular lens implant, it would be necessary to review the patient's medical history and consult with a healthcare professional."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's macular edema OS has worsened since reducing the dosage of Ketorolac. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had an intraocular lens implant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had an intraocular lens implant."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07026.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07026.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were Humphrey visual field and OCT tests conducted for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both Humphrey visual field and OCT tests were conducted for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were Humphrey visual field and OCT tests conducted for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Humphrey visual field and OCT tests were not conducted for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07027.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking dorzolamide twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is taking dorzolamide twice a day in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking dorzolamide twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not taking dorzolamide twice a day in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07027.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's treatment for glaucoma include methazolamide 50 mg orally?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's treatment for glaucoma includes methazolamide 50 mg orally."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's treatment for glaucoma include methazolamide 50 mg orally?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's treatment for glaucoma does not include methazolamide 50 mg orally."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07027.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is netarsudil part of the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that netarsudil is part of the patient's glaucoma medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is netarsudil part of the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, netarsudil is not part of the patient's glaucoma medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using latanoprost for the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma with unremarkable HVF, early sup thinning in OCT-RNFL, and TG<=18 OU. No family history of glaucoma found. There's posterior vitreous detachment OU, Chalazion in the right upper lid. Treatments planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07033.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect. No signs of glaucoma present at first visit. Eyes normal, no medication history or intolerances, and no family history of eye issues. Possible severe dry eye, suggested treatment is steroid and tears. Future checkup planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 70-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup-to-disc ratio appearance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 70-year-old male is suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup-to-disc ratio appearance in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect. No signs of glaucoma present at first visit. Eyes normal, no medication history or intolerances, and no family history of eye issues. Possible severe dry eye, suggested treatment is steroid and tears. Future checkup planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 70-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup-to-disc ratio appearance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 70-year-old male is a primary angle closure suspect, and there are no signs of glaucoma present at the first visit."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07033.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect. No signs of glaucoma present at first visit. Eyes normal, no medication history or intolerances, and no family history of eye issues. Possible severe dry eye, suggested treatment is steroid and tears. Future checkup planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan of the patient's eye. However, it is important to note that the presence of meibomian gland dysfunction cannot be determined solely from this image. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a condition that affects the production and quality of the tear film, which can lead to dry eye symptoms. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, patient history, and imaging studies. In this case, the OCT scan appears to be normal, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the presence or absence of meibomian gland dysfunction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect. No signs of glaucoma present at first visit. Eyes normal, no medication history or intolerances, and no family history of eye issues. Possible severe dry eye, suggested treatment is steroid and tears. Future checkup planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has meibomian gland dysfunction, which is a condition where the meibomian glands in the eyelids do not produce enough oil to keep the eyes moist."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07034.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a summary of the patient's condition, but it does not provide specific details about the presence or absence of glaucoma. To determine if the patient has glaucoma, it would be necessary to review the entire set of images and clinical findings."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a glaucoma suspect, which means they have a higher risk of developing glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07035.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Request for a return clinic appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Request for a return clinic appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07036.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old nurse with type 2 diabetes, has no evidence of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Importance of controlling blood pressure, sugar, and lipids emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have right-sided optic atrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows right-sided optic atrophy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old nurse with type 2 diabetes, has no evidence of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Importance of controlling blood pressure, sugar, and lipids emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have right-sided optic atrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have right-sided optic atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07038.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has neovascular glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left eye. Brother has glaucoma history. Plan includes various eye drops and injections. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a preoperative fundus photograph, which is a visual representation of the patient's retina and optic nerve. It is not sufficient to determine whether the patient has been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or not. A healthcare professional would need to evaluate the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make a definitive diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has neovascular glaucoma in the right eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the left eye. Brother has glaucoma history. Plan includes various eye drops and injections. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with steroids for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has not been treated with steroids for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Contact: 617-7254-5600. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with steroids for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with steroids for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07042.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma-related issues that are worsening their vision in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has glaucoma-related issues that are worsening their vision in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma-related issues that are worsening their vision in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have glaucoma-related issues that are worsening their vision in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's treatment plan to include Xalatan and Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the treatment plan for the patient includes Xalatan and Timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's treatment plan to include Xalatan and Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's treatment plan does not include Xalatan and Timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07045.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect during first visit with Dr. PERSON. Evidence of plateau confirmed through UBM. Has history of strabismus and steroid usage. Iridoplasty and Laser peripheral iridotomy procedures performed on right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were recent visual field and OCT tests conducted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that recent visual field and OCT tests were conducted for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect during first visit with Dr. PERSON. Evidence of plateau confirmed through UBM. Has history of strabismus and steroid usage. Iridoplasty and Laser peripheral iridotomy procedures performed on right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were recent visual field and OCT tests conducted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, recent visual field and OCT tests were not conducted for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Frisen 4 papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of Frisen 4 papilledema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Frisen 4 papilledema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have Frisen 4 papilledema."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a superior preretinal hemorrhage in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a superior preretinal hemorrhage in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a superior preretinal hemorrhage in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the fundus image does not show any superior preretinal hemorrhage."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the peripapillary wrinkles indicate idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of peripapillary wrinkles in the image is consistent with the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the peripapillary wrinkles indicate idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the peripapillary wrinkles in this patient do not indicate IIH."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07050.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any glaucomatous changes present in the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no glaucomatous changes in the eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any glaucomatous changes present in the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image and the reference reports suggest that there are glaucomatous changes present in the eyes, specifically in the form of thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, which are indicative of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07052.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on medication for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently on medication for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on medication for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on medication for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07054.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent vitrectomy and suffers from optic nerve atrophy in the left eye due to high IOP post-surgery. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent vitrectomy and suffers from optic nerve atrophy in the left eye due to high IOP post-surgery. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07057.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a lesion of the breast in the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an ophthalmologic examination, which is focused on the patient's eyes. It does not provide information about the patient's medical history, including any lesions of the breast. However, it is important to note that the patient's medical history should be taken into account when interpreting the results of the ophthalmologic examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, who previously avoided PGAs due to potential side effects, is referred to a glaucoma specialist due to possible progression despite retinal detachment treatments. He may need glaucoma surgery in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a lesion of the breast in the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no lesion of the breast in the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eye(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eye(s)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of diabetic retinopathy in the patient's eye(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye(s) show signs of diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not mention glaucoma. However, it does mention that the patient has a history of hypertension and diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma, which is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with anemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with anemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with anemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with anemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is migraine one of the patient's reported conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, migraine is one of the patient's reported conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is migraine one of the patient's reported conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, migraine is not one of the patient's reported conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) mentioned as one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as one of their conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has low tension glaucoma at an indeterminate stage, accompanied by high myopia and tilted nerves. There have been no glaucoma procedures. Current treatment includes latanoprost, brimonidine, and cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) mentioned as one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, GERD is not mentioned as one of the patient's conditions in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07065.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking 50 mg tablets for migraines and hypertensive disorder. They have a macular hole in their left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a cup to disc ratio of 0.5. A cup to disc ratio is a measurement used to assess the risk of glaucoma. A ratio greater than 0.5 is generally considered to be suspicious for glaucoma. However, it is important to note that a single measurement may not be sufficient to determine the presence of glaucoma. Further evaluation, including additional imaging and clinical examination, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking 50 mg tablets for migraines and hypertensive disorder. They have a macular hole in their left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07067.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any medication intolerances?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any medication intolerances."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any medication intolerances?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported intolerances to latanoprost and brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07067.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient 13?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient is 13 mmHg."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient 13?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the target intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient is 14 mmhg for the left eye and less than 17 mmhg for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07071.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with heart disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with heart disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with heart disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with heart disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07071.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with lung cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with lung cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with a history of variable adherence to meds. Their intraocular pressure is above the goal, they show intolerance to Brimonidine, and there's uncertainty over a potential new paracentral defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with lung cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with lung cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07073.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07073.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred specifically for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was referred for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms of a stroke, a workup for which was initiated by the neuro team. A retina team will conduct a repeat exam. Glaucoma was not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred specifically for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been referred specifically for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer, which means that there is no thinning observed in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eye shows thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids, which might affect their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not used steroids, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids, which might affect their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids, which might have affected their ocular condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient known to have HIV?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is known to have HIV."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient known to have HIV?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not known to have HIV."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have multiple myeloma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with multiple myeloma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 70-year-old male patient with likely early open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye than left. Notes non-specific right eye and general depression with inferior defect in left eye. Also, has cataracts in both eyes, minimal, not visually significant. Advised to continue with latanoprost medication and regular follow-up exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have multiple myeloma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have multiple myeloma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07081.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07081.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any abnormalities noted in the external eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no abnormalities noted in the external eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and ulcerative colitis. Recent MRI shows no optic neuritis or nerve atrophy, suggesting no glaucoma, but shows small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarcts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any abnormalities noted in the external eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are abnormalities noted in the external eye. The image shows a small chronic bilateral cerebellar infarct, which is a type of stroke that affects the cerebellum, a part of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07084.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred for cupping asymmetry OD>OS. Diagnosed as high risk glaucoma suspect due to superior/inferior RNFL thinning and thin CCT. Advise: Repeat HVF test; consider latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a laser peripheral iridotomy part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone a laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) as part of their treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient referred for cupping asymmetry OD>OS. Diagnosed as high risk glaucoma suspect due to superior/inferior RNFL thinning and thin CCT. Advise: Repeat HVF test; consider latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a laser peripheral iridotomy part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not receive a laser peripheral iridotomy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07092.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current treatment for the patient's condition only monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The current treatment for the patient's condition appears to be only monitoring."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a diabetic woman with controlled diabetes but no history of retinopathy. She has a suspicion for glaucoma based on an enlarged c/d ratio, but eye pressure is stable and there's no family history of glaucoma. She has normal visual fields. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current treatment for the patient's condition only monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's current treatment is only monitoring, as she has controlled diabetes, stable eye pressure, no family history of glaucoma, and normal visual fields."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have three barricaded retinal tears or holes (hst)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with three barricaded retinal tears or holes (hst)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows greater eye cupping in left eye than right; no increased eye pressure. Normal OCT retinal scans. Some vision artifacts noted same as previous. Mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, small choroidal nevus in left eye, and refractive error. Yearly exams planned. Does not mention Glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have three barricaded retinal tears or holes (hst)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have three barricaded retinal tears or holes (hst)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07095.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide details concerning any medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma. It provides patient gateway activation information. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Cosopt for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Cosopt for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide details concerning any medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma. It provides patient gateway activation information. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Cosopt for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed Cosopt for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07098.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs to maintain specific intraocular pressure levels due to uveitis. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. They're directed to continue certain medications, start Rhopressa, and manage eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient needs to maintain specific intraocular pressure levels due to uveitis. There's no direct mention of glaucoma. They're directed to continue certain medications, start Rhopressa, and manage eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07099.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07099.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently being treated with latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated with latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07099.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also undergoing treatment with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also undergoing treatment with timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Male patient with high myopia and high c/d ratio, asymptomatic retinal tear referred to retina specialist. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also undergoing treatment with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing treatment with timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07100.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides instructions for creating and accessing a Partners Patient Gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides instructions for creating and accessing a Partners Patient Gateway account. There is no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07101.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have narrow angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has narrow angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have narrow angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have narrow angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07101.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to their family history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07101.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a peripheral patch of drusen present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a peripheral patch of drusen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a peripheral patch of drusen present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no peripheral patch of drusen present in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a known family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a known family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with stage II lung adenocarcinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with stage II lung adenocarcinoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with stage II lung adenocarcinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with stage II lung adenocarcinoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of cataracts in both eyes of the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have cataracts in their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has any glaucoma treatment been initiated for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that no glaucoma treatment has been initiated for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has any glaucoma treatment been initiated for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated for glaucoma. The current medication regimen includes latanoprost and brimonidine."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07105.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and is on treatment with latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma. She was advised to control blood sugar and blood pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oily eyelids a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows oily eyelids, which could be a condition affecting the patient. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes and is on treatment with latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma. She was advised to control blood sugar and blood pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oily eyelids a condition affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have oily eyelids."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07106.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient currently has a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07106.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a COVID screening?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is undergoing a COVID screening."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a COVID screening?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing a COVID screening."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypothyroidism one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypothyroidism is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypothyroidism one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypothyroidism is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is arthritis one of the patient's health concerns?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, it appears that arthritis is one of the patient's health concerns."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is arthritis one of the patient's health concerns?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, arthritis is not one of the patient's health concerns."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hyphema, moderate cataracts in both eyes, and rare vision loss. No mention of glaucoma. Medications include Timolol, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine. Cataract surgery is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07108.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 year old woman with multiple diagnoses, including atrial fibrillation, diverticulitis, and erythrocytosis. She was seen for cystic lesion excision and quit smoking. She has narrow angles but no occludable glaucoma. Her reliability on visual field test is low, requiring a repeat. She has dry eyes and is allergic, and suffers from hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Prescribed a follow-up test. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the treatment mentioned in the note related to glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the treatment mentioned in the note is related to glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60 year old woman with multiple diagnoses, including atrial fibrillation, diverticulitis, and erythrocytosis. She was seen for cystic lesion excision and quit smoking. She has narrow angles but no occludable glaucoma. Her reliability on visual field test is low, requiring a repeat. She has dry eyes and is allergic, and suffers from hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Prescribed a follow-up test. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the treatment mentioned in the note related to glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the treatment mentioned in the note is not related to glaucoma. It is related to cystic lesion excision."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07109.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of pigment dispersion syndrome in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of pigment dispersion syndrome in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of pigment dispersion syndrome in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07109.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high suspicion of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve, which means there is no high suspicion of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high suspicion of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a high suspicion of glaucoma, as indicated by the increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07109.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a retinal tear that was treated with laser?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient had a retinal tear that was treated with laser."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and dilated cardiomyopathy referred for diabetic eye exam. No diabetic retinopathy found, but likely glaucoma present with increased cup/disc ratio and thinning of the neuroretinal rim in the left eye. Patient started on latanoprost for eye pressure. Trichiasis of left upper eyelid treated with epilation. Patient needs glasses for myopia and is scheduled for IOP check in 4-6 weeks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a retinal tear that was treated with laser?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a retinal tear that was treated with laser."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07110.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with moderate severity in the right eye and severe in the left. They have shown intolerance to various glaucoma medications and may require surgery (trabeculectomy) in the future. They also have hypothyroidism and high lipid disorder. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the clinical note confirmed laser treatment for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide enough information to confirm laser treatment for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, with moderate severity in the right eye and severe in the left. They have shown intolerance to various glaucoma medications and may require surgery (trabeculectomy) in the future. They also have hypothyroidism and high lipid disorder. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the clinical note confirmed laser treatment for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note confirms that the patient has undergone laser treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07112.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old woman with hypertension, diverticulitis, and psvt. She experienced vision and hearing changes after taking moxifloxacin. She has iritis, transillumination defects, loss of sphincter tone and an abnormally shaped pupil. Also a glaucoma suspect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old woman with hypertension, diverticulitis, and psvt. She experienced vision and hearing changes after taking moxifloxacin. She has iritis, transillumination defects, loss of sphincter tone and an abnormally shaped pupil. Also a glaucoma suspect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07112.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old woman with hypertension, diverticulitis, and psvt. She experienced vision and hearing changes after taking moxifloxacin. She has iritis, transillumination defects, loss of sphincter tone and an abnormally shaped pupil. Also a glaucoma suspect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with any other eye condition besides glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma, but there is no mention of any other eye condition in the provided information."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77-year-old woman with hypertension, diverticulitis, and psvt. She experienced vision and hearing changes after taking moxifloxacin. She has iritis, transillumination defects, loss of sphincter tone and an abnormally shaped pupil. Also a glaucoma suspect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with any other eye condition besides glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with iritis, which is an inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07113.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's left eye visual acuity 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's left eye visual acuity is 20/20."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's left eye visual acuity 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's left eye visual acuity is 20/100."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07114.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended over-the-counter antihistamine drops?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been recommended over-the-counter antihistamine drops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has improved intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22 to 16, but still has some high-end readings. Despite good compliance and optic tomography, visual field worsens due to dementia. Given these factors, a glaucoma referral is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended over-the-counter antihistamine drops?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been recommended over-the-counter antihistamine drops."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07115.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 29 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation including review of medical tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's history does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 29 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation including review of medical tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07116.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal disorder in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retina in the left eye. Therefore, the patient does not have a retinal disorder in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal disorder in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a retinal disorder in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07116.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's thick corneas potentially indicate glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The thick corneas in the image could potentially indicate glaucoma. However, it is important to note that thick corneas can also be associated with other conditions or factors. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, including a comprehensive eye examination and additional tests, would be necessary to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment for the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect per an optometrist's recommendation. Her optic nerve/RNFL findings, visual fields are full in both eyes. No asthma, trauma, or steroids. Plan to monitor IOP-off meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's thick corneas potentially indicate glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's thick corneas do not necessarily indicate glaucoma. Thick corneas can be a normal anatomical variation in some individuals. It is important to consider the patient's overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07118.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anemia one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, anemia is one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anemia one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, anemia is not one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07118.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's medical summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a visual representation of the patient's medical summary, which may or may not include information about glaucoma. However, without actually seeing the text of the medical summary, I cannot definitively answer whether glaucoma is mentioned or not."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's medical summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07120.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of mild papilledema indicate decreased ocular pressure in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mild papilledema in the image suggests that there has been a decrease in ocular pressure for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of mild papilledema indicate decreased ocular pressure in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mild papilledema in this patient does not necessarily indicate decreased ocular pressure. It is important to consider the patient's overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07124.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07126.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has secondary glaucoma in the right eye (OD) due to outflow obstruction from an iridociliary melanoma tumor, which is in remission. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is high at 30 OD. Various glaucoma treatments are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) 19 in one eye and 24 in the other?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the current intraocular pressure (IOP) is 19 in one eye and 24 in the other."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has secondary glaucoma in the right eye (OD) due to outflow obstruction from an iridociliary melanoma tumor, which is in remission. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is high at 30 OD. Various glaucoma treatments are being considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current intraocular pressure (IOP) 19 in one eye and 24 in the other?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the current IOP is 30 in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07127.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84 y.o male with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), based on family history and increased Cup-to-Disc ratio. Also shows heavy angle pigmentation, and controlled ocular pressure. Moderate cataract present, visually significant. Posterior vitreous detachment in right eye, but no retinal issues. Longstanding anisometropia present.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Fuch's disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with Fuch's disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84 y.o male with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), based on family history and increased Cup-to-Disc ratio. Also shows heavy angle pigmentation, and controlled ocular pressure. Moderate cataract present, visually significant. Posterior vitreous detachment in right eye, but no retinal issues. Longstanding anisometropia present.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Fuch's disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have Fuch's disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have ocular hypertension in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio 0.75 in one of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in one of the patient's eyes is 0.75."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio 0.75 in one of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the c/d ratio is 0.99 in the right eye and 0.9 in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has significant macular edema been noted in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows significant macular edema in both eyes of the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has significant macular edema been noted in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, significant macular edema has not been noted in both eyes of the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Shunt in place, iris has temporal atrophy, 2+ ns lens, intraocular lens present. Both eyes normal, c/d ratio: 0.99 (R), 0.9 (L). No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07131.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a primary angle closure suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who is considered a primary angle closure suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, cataracts, and other ocular co-morbidities. Majority of visit spent on counseling and coordinating care. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a primary angle closure suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a primary angle closure suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07132.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is to apply fluocinolone cream topically twice a day. Further tests include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for an appointment in a glaucoma clinic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is scheduled for an appointment in a glaucoma clinic."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is to apply fluocinolone cream topically twice a day. Further tests include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for an appointment in a glaucoma clinic?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not scheduled for an appointment in a glaucoma clinic."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07133.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph of the patient's eye, which is a common diagnostic tool for detecting early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, without more information or the ability to view the actual image, I cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. man with history of traumatic and congenital cataracts had successful surgeries. Suspected for glaucoma due to asymmetrical c/d ratio, no family history, good iop. Showed some superior thinning in recent rnfl oct od. Also has hyperopia. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07134.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma in the past?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma in the past."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma in the past?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma in the past."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07135.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone conductive keratoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone conductive keratoplasty."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen for ocular hypertension/glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness: 624/630. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -2.75, OS -2.50. C/D 0.4 in both eyes. No steroid use, trauma, or asthma. Family history of glaucoma. Currently, no treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone conductive keratoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone conductive keratoplasty."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07136.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anxiety one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, anxiety is one of the conditions noted for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anxiety one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, anxiety is not one of the conditions noted for the patient in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07136.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a melanocytic nevus of the skin present in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a melanocytic nevus of the skin present in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a melanocytic nevus of the skin present in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no melanocytic nevus of the skin present in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07136.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a choroidal nevus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a choroidal nevus in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient's father has a history of ocular treatment. An iris blood vessel was seen in one quadrant of the left eye. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a choroidal nevus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a choroidal nevus."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07137.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had repeated posterior vitreous detachment procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has had repeated posterior vitreous detachment procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had repeated posterior vitreous detachment procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had repeated posterior vitreous detachment procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07137.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant inserted inferonasally pars plana with a long tube in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant inserted inferonasally pars plana with a long tube."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant inserted inferonasally pars plana with a long tube in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not receive an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07139.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has advanced glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Changes have been made to the clinical note. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have advanced glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07140.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. male is a suspect of ocular hypertension and glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, with stable RNFL thinning since 2016. No treatment started yet, monitoring ongoing. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 33 y.o. male is a suspect of ocular hypertension and glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, with stable RNFL thinning since 2016. No treatment started yet, monitoring ongoing. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has stable retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07142.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old male with hypertension and history of parathyroidectomy. He has posterior capsule opacity, pseudophakia, ocular hypertension, ocular migraines, meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new retinal hemorrhage observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's eye after 1 month of treatment. It appears that no new retinal hemorrhage was observed in the patient's eye at that time."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old male with hypertension and history of parathyroidectomy. He has posterior capsule opacity, pseudophakia, ocular hypertension, ocular migraines, meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new retinal hemorrhage observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye did not show any new retinal hemorrhage."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07142.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old male with hypertension and history of parathyroidectomy. He has posterior capsule opacity, pseudophakia, ocular hypertension, ocular migraines, meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a full-thickness macular hole developed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a full-thickness macular hole in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old male with hypertension and history of parathyroidectomy. He has posterior capsule opacity, pseudophakia, ocular hypertension, ocular migraines, meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a full-thickness macular hole developed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a full-thickness macular hole in their eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07143.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female patient with primary open angle glaucoma (moderate in right eye, severe in left). Patient has medication adherence issues and intolerance to dorzolamide, resulting in high iop. She was suggested for tube shunt surgery. Other conditions include dm2, htn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently receiving treatment for intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently receiving treatment for intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female patient with primary open angle glaucoma (moderate in right eye, severe in left). Patient has medication adherence issues and intolerance to dorzolamide, resulting in high iop. She was suggested for tube shunt surgery. Other conditions include dm2, htn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently receiving treatment for intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently receiving treatment for intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07144.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone orbital decompression surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after orbital decompression surgery. So, the answer is [yes]."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone orbital decompression surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone orbital decompression surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07145.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07147.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there peripapillary choroidal neovascularization present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows peripapillary choroidal neovascularization in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there peripapillary choroidal neovascularization present in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no peripapillary choroidal neovascularization present in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07148.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the diagnosis of glaucoma confirmed by a normal OCT nerve study?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The diagnosis of glaucoma was confirmed by a normal OCT nerve study."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the diagnosis of glaucoma confirmed by a normal OCT nerve study?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the diagnosis of glaucoma was confirmed by the presence of glaucomatous optic nerve changes on the OCT nerve study."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07148.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The report confirms the presence of glaucoma. The patient's treatment includes Latanoprost QHS in both eyes and Areds2 vitamins. Regular Humphrey visual field and OCT RNFL tests are scheduled. Referral to retina clinic is suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07149.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07149.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has undergone laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07149.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any contraindications to beta blockers or Alphagan for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal appearance, which means there are no visible signs of retinal damage or disease. Based on this information, there are no apparent contraindications to beta blockers or Alphagan for this patient. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized advice."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has vision loss in left eye due to potential lupus-related optic neuritis. There is a possible history of optic neuropathy in the right eye. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any contraindications to beta blockers or Alphagan for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are contraindications to beta blockers or Alphagan for this patient. The patient has a basilar artery aneurysm, which is a contraindication to beta blockers. Additionally, the patient has a history of optic neuropathy in the right eye, which is a contraindication to Alphagan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07150.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07152.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with borderline open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has been diagnosed with borderline open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with borderline open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with borderline open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07153.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking multiple medications orally and via injection. The patient has been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma of both eyes in a mild stage, and Combined Senile Cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07156.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclear cataracts visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclear cataracts in the image are not visually significant, meaning they do not appear to be causing any noticeable issues or affecting the patient's vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclear cataracts visually significant?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclear cataracts in the image are visually significant."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07156.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a high risk of developing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve, which suggests that the patient does not have a high risk of developing glaucoma. However, it is important to remember that a single image may not provide a complete picture of the patient's overall health and risk factors. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a comprehensive evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a high risk of developing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a high risk of developing glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference reports."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07157.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 79 y.o. female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, showing c:d asymmetry. The current treatment plan includes Timolol 0.5%. She also has a cataract in her left eye, which remains under observation. No signs of a choroidal tumor were found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the medications latanoprost, brimondine, brinzolamide, and betimol being used by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient is using latanoprost, brimondine, brinzolamide, and betimol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 79 y.o. female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, showing c:d asymmetry. The current treatment plan includes Timolol 0.5%. She also has a cataract in her left eye, which remains under observation. No signs of a choroidal tumor were found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the medications latanoprost, brimondine, brinzolamide, and betimol being used by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using latanoprost, brimondine, brinzolamide, and betimol as part of her current treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07159.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have bilateral optic disc edema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral optic disc edema, which means that there is swelling in the optic disc of both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's papilledema is nearly resolved. OCT shows mild disc swelling potential atrophy, which may indicate glaucoma. Weight loss key for improvement. ENT referral suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have bilateral optic disc edema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have bilateral optic disc edema."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hepatic cirrhosis one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hepatic cirrhosis, which is a chronic liver disease characterized by the formation of scar tissue and the loss of liver function."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hepatic cirrhosis one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hepatic cirrhosis is not one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Flomax part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that Flomax is part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, is on latanoprost and risks blindness without treatment adherence. Follow-up planned at Institution or with Dr. Ney/OCB in Cape Cod if IOP remains high. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Flomax part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Flomax is not part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07164.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a plan to maintain intraocular pressure below 21mmhg in both eyes. She has previously had a pressure spike due to stopping medication on her own. Continued adherence to her medication, Timolol, is emphasized. Glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal tear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a retinal tear in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a plan to maintain intraocular pressure below 21mmhg in both eyes. She has previously had a pressure spike due to stopping medication on her own. Continued adherence to her medication, Timolol, is emphasized. Glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a retinal tear?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a retinal tear."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07165.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being used to treat the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that brimonidine is being used to treat the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 77 y.o. female patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with drop adherence issues. Treatment includes latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and rhopressa. IOP is high in the left eye. Patient also has DM (no retinopathy), corneal guttae, and significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being used to treat the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, brimonidine is not being used to treat the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07168.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost currently being used by the patient for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient is currently using Latanoprost for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of right optic neuritis and is undergoing treatment with methylprednisolone. They reported vision loss, headache, and post-infusion nausea. However, no improvement was observed. An MRI was ordered, but there are insurance issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost currently being used by the patient for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using Latanoprost for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07171.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not show a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07171.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve in the left eye. However, it is important to note that the patient has been diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the left eye. This diagnosis is based on the patient's clinical presentation and other diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is under observation for primary angle closure in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is slightly high and angles are occludable. She also has mild, non-consequential cataracts in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma are mentioned. The patient decided to go through with laser iridotomy in both eyes after understanding the risks. She has no noted family history and has an overall good health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07172.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rhopressa or netarsudil being used twice a day for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that rhopressa or netarsudil is being used twice a day for the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 84-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rhopressa or netarsudil being used twice a day for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, rhopressa or netarsudil is not being used twice a day for the right eye in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07173.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amblyopia one of the conditions present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, amblyopia is one of the conditions present in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has longstanding allergic conjunctivitis, is a glaucoma suspect due to moderate cupping and strong family history but intraocular pressure stable without treatment. They also have bilateral nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amblyopia one of the conditions present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, amblyopia is not one of the conditions present in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07174.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure goal is less or equal to 12mmhg for both eyes, under control with Zioptan. Adherence to medication needed. Stable paracentral defects present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient known to have an allergy related to the suggested medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is known to have an allergy related to the suggested medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure goal is less or equal to 12mmhg for both eyes, under control with Zioptan. Adherence to medication needed. Stable paracentral defects present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient known to have an allergy related to the suggested medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have an allergy related to the suggested medication."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07177.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric cup-to-disc (c/d) ratios?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric cup-to-disc ratios."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 23-year-old male presented with bilateral visual changes and headache, possibly aura migraines. Vision normal post-incident. Inferotemporal defects in left eye, likely insignificant. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric cup-to-disc (c/d) ratios?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric cup-to-disc (c/d) ratios."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07178.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, as the image shows a suspicious optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition and does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential risk to visual or neurological health. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected to have glaucoma based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07179.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o female, glaucoma suspected but not confirmed; overall health stable. Likely physiological. Family history of Fuch's Dystrophy, but no signs in patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inferior defects present on the patient's visual field test?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that inferior defects are present on the patient's visual field test."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o female, glaucoma suspected but not confirmed; overall health stable. Likely physiological. Family history of Fuch's Dystrophy, but no signs in patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inferior defects present on the patient's visual field test?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's visual field test does not show inferior defects."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07182.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a lower lid papilloma (LLL papilloma)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a lower lid papilloma (LLL papilloma)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a lower lid papilloma (LLL papilloma)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a lower lid papilloma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07182.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any eye irritation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any eye irritation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y.o. white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. She has a refractive error, was given a medical prescription to return in 6 months. No dilation, hvf, planned gonio, or IOP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any eye irritation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported eye irritation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07183.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note contain medical information regarding glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not contain medical information regarding glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note contain medical information regarding glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note contains medical information regarding glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07183.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary provide instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary provides instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary provide instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the summary does not provide instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07183.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient's medical treatment or history in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not mention any specific medical treatment or history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had an allergic reaction to Rhopressa and went under treatment for glaucoma including Xen gel stent revision and 5-FU injection OD. Scheduled eyelid surgery & will continue on current medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient's medical treatment or history in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions the patient's medical treatment and history, including the allergic reaction to Rhopressa, the treatment for glaucoma, and the scheduled eyelid surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07184.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the enlarged cup-to-disc ratio the reason for the glaucoma suspicion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the enlarged cup-to-disc ratio in the image is one of the reasons for the glaucoma suspicion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the enlarged cup-to-disc ratio the reason for the glaucoma suspicion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the enlarged cup-to-disc ratio is not the reason for the glaucoma suspicion. The glaucoma suspicion is based on the presence of a mass in the right eye, which was later confirmed by a biopsy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07185.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, which is a positive sign. However, it is important to note that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The normal RNFL thickness in this image does not necessarily rule out the presence of POAG. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07185.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c:d) asymmetry a reason for the POAG diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cup-to-disc (c:d) asymmetry is one of the criteria used to diagnose primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The c:d ratio is a measure of the size of the optic nerve cup compared to the size of the optic nerve disc. An asymmetry in this ratio can be an indication of glaucoma, which is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c:d) asymmetry a reason for the POAG diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cup-to-disc (c:d) asymmetry is not a reason for the POAG diagnosis in this case. The c:d ratio is a measure used to assess the risk of glaucoma, but it is not the only factor. In this particular case, the c:d asymmetry is not the primary reason for the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07186.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eye exam normal prior to maxillary sinus biopsy. Right eye shows 2mm hyperglobus, no exophthalmos, optic neuropathy or restriction of movement. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mild glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07187.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a visual field test, which is a common diagnostic tool for glaucoma. However, it is not possible to determine whether the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma based solely on the image. The visual field test results would need to be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and the patient's medical history. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07187.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with breast cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with breast cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07187.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoarthritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoarthritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with osteoarthritis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07188.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma based on the optic disc cupping and IOP levels?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma based on the optic disc cupping and IOP levels."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with glaucoma based on the optic disc cupping and IOP levels?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with glaucoma based on the optic disc cupping and IOP levels."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07189.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of glaucoma cannot be confirmed from the clinical note alone. The clinical note mentions that the patient has glaucoma, but it does not provide enough information to confirm the diagnosis. Further examination, such as an MRI, would be necessary to confirm the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of glaucoma be confirmed from the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note confirms the presence of glaucoma in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Xalatan one of the medications used for glaucoma treatment in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Xalatan is one of the medications used for glaucoma treatment in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Xalatan one of the medications used for glaucoma treatment in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Xalatan is not one of the medications used for glaucoma treatment in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Travatan Z included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's glaucoma medication regimen, which includes 0.05% Brimonidine, 0.02% Brinzolamide, and 0.005% Timolol. However, Travatan Z is not included in this particular regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Travatan Z included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Travatan Z is not included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes receiving medication for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes are receiving medication for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes receiving medication for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not receiving medication for glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Rhopressa been prescribed to the patient for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has been prescribed Rhopressa for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Rhopressa been prescribed to the patient for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rhopressa has not been prescribed to the patient for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Vyzulta one of the medications being used in the patient's glaucoma therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that Vyzulta is one of the medications being used in the patient's glaucoma therapy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline discs & intraocular pressure (IOP), normal OCT of RNFL. CCT is 560. No glaucoma, but mild cataract, refractive error & posterior vitreous detachment present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Vyzulta one of the medications being used in the patient's glaucoma therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Vyzulta is not one of the medications being used in the patient's glaucoma therapy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07191.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tafluprost one of the alternative medications provided in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tafluprost is one of the alternative medications provided in the note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tafluprost one of the alternative medications provided in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, tafluprost is not one of the alternative medications provided in the note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07192.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Humphrey Visual Field and OCT procedures mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions both Humphrey Visual Field and OCT procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Humphrey Visual Field and OCT procedures mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not mention Humphrey Visual Field and OCT procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07192.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of previous surgeries in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any mention of previous surgeries."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of previous surgeries in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions previous surgeries."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07194.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Tafluprost one of the medications prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Tafluprost is one of the medications prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note discusses an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for baseline, a clinic appointment, and a follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Tafluprost one of the medications prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Tafluprost is not one of the medications prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07195.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral ocular hypertension with a maximum IOP of 29/28 but no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There's a risk of glaucoma with elevated IOP discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has bilateral ocular hypertension with a maximum IOP of 29/28 but no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There's a risk of glaucoma with elevated IOP discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07196.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. female is suspected of having glaucoma due to large c/d ratio. Normal iop levels, no known family history of glaucoma. Also has dry eye, hyperopic astigmatism, presbyopia, a cataract of minimal visual significance, and retinal tear. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of optic nerve thinning in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any evidence of optic nerve thinning in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. female is suspected of having glaucoma due to large c/d ratio. Normal iop levels, no known family history of glaucoma. Also has dry eye, hyperopic astigmatism, presbyopia, a cataract of minimal visual significance, and retinal tear. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any evidence of optic nerve thinning in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of optic nerve thinning."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07197.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a visual field defect in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal visual field in the left eye (OS). Therefore, the answer is \"no.\""}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a visual field defect in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the visual field in the left eye appears to be normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07197.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient likely experiencing migraine headaches?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the patient is experiencing migraine headaches. however, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these headaches."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient likely experiencing migraine headaches?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of migraine headaches."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07197.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has an MRI and MRA been recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that an MRI and MRA have been recommended for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with large c/d ratios. Exhibits borderline thinning in right and left eyes, but has full visual fields. No medications or intolerances reported. Future plan includes monitoring off of IOP meds. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has an MRI and MRA been recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, an MRI and MRA have not been recommended for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07198.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently a glaucoma suspect due to a prior disc hemorrhage in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve head (ONH) in the right eye, which means that the ONH appears to be healthy and without any signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the patient was a glaucoma suspect due to a prior disc hemorrhage in the right eye. The ONH image is from a follow-up examination, and it is mentioned that the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal at that time."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently a glaucoma suspect due to a prior disc hemorrhage in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently a glaucoma suspect due to a prior disc hemorrhage in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07198.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient still require prism glasses for their refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient no longer requires prism glasses for their refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on numerous medications including Adderall, Lunesta, Gabapentin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril, Viagra, and Pantoprazole. There is no mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient still require prism glasses for their refractive error?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient still requires prism glasses for their refractive error."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07199.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07200.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old woman with cortical cataract and refractive error. Suspected of glaucoma due to disc appearance and family history. Exhibits thinning inferiorly and right exotropia. Has dry eyes and episodes of sudden vision loss. Latanoprost may be started if defects persist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the right eye of a patient with severe normal-tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old woman with cortical cataract and refractive error. Suspected of glaucoma due to disc appearance and family history. Exhibits thinning inferiorly and right exotropia. Has dry eyes and episodes of sudden vision loss. Latanoprost may be started if defects persist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07201.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had orbital decompression surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after orbital decompression surgery. However, I cannot provide a definitive answer without more information. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the patient's postoperative status and the effectiveness of the surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had orbital decompression surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had orbital decompression surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07201.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery with mild guttae and unchanged cupping. Low pressures, no diabetic retinopathy or family history of glaucoma but has thick cct. Has diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no family history of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07202.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of previous glaucoma surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of previous glaucoma surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, with maximum intraocular pressure at 27 mm Hg, and a central corneal thickness of 535/530 microns. Tried alphagan and beta blockers unsuccessfully for glaucoma. Had 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT. OCT normal. Has congenital dyschromatopsia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of previous glaucoma surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of previous glaucoma surgery, specifically 360 degrees SLT OD and inferior SLT."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07204.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma with IOP 16/15, C/D 0.6/0.5. Superior thinning in right eye, borderline in left. HVF mean deviation -4.29 in right eye, +0.01 in left. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was glaucoma detected in either of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that glaucoma was not detected in either of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. male suspect for glaucoma with IOP 16/15, C/D 0.6/0.5. Superior thinning in right eye, borderline in left. HVF mean deviation -4.29 in right eye, +0.01 in left. Referred to glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was glaucoma detected in either of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma was detected in the right eye of the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07205.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a laser procedure for the narrow angles?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has undergone a laser procedure for the narrow angles."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41 y.o. male suspected of having glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes. He has a full visual field and acceptable intraocular pressure (iop). No glaucoma treatment initiated yet. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a laser procedure for the narrow angles?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone a laser procedure for the narrow angles."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07206.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual field results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's visual field results are normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual field results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's visual field results are not normal. The visual field results are abnormal, which may be related to the patient's glaucoma and other ocular conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07206.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures in either eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone glaucoma procedures in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07208.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. Spanish-speaking male with severe/end stage primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, cataracts, pterygium & dry eyes. Brother has glaucoma. Not used steroids or suffered trauma. Plan to undergo combined phaco/glaucoma surgery to improve vision and lower eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of retinal tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of retinal tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. Spanish-speaking male with severe/end stage primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, cataracts, pterygium & dry eyes. Brother has glaucoma. Not used steroids or suffered trauma. Plan to undergo combined phaco/glaucoma surgery to improve vision and lower eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of retinal tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a history of retinal tears."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07208.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. Spanish-speaking male with severe/end stage primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, cataracts, pterygium & dry eyes. Brother has glaucoma. Not used steroids or suffered trauma. Plan to undergo combined phaco/glaucoma surgery to improve vision and lower eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was laser retinopexy used to manage the retinal tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that laser retinopexy was used to manage the retinal tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. Spanish-speaking male with severe/end stage primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, cataracts, pterygium & dry eyes. Brother has glaucoma. Not used steroids or suffered trauma. Plan to undergo combined phaco/glaucoma surgery to improve vision and lower eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was laser retinopexy used to manage the retinal tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, laser retinopexy was not used to manage the retinal tears in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07210.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Azopt as part of their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's retina after 12 months of treatment with Azopt. However, I cannot provide specific information about whether the patient is currently taking Azopt or not. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the patient's current medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Azopt as part of their medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking Azopt as part of their medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Vyzulta one of the medications the patient is currently using?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that Vyzulta is one of the medications the patient is currently using."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Vyzulta one of the medications the patient is currently using?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Vyzulta is not one of the medications the patient is currently using."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rhopressa included in the patient's current medication plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's current medication plan, which includes Rhopressa."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rhopressa included in the patient's current medication plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rhopressa is not included in the patient's current medication plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07211.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the patient tolerate Simbrinza?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient appears to be able to tolerate Simbrinza, as there is no evidence of intolerance in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the patient tolerate Simbrinza?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient can tolerate Simbrinza."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is uveitis one of the patient's eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, uveitis is one of the patient's eye conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is uveitis one of the patient's eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, uveitis is not one of the patient's eye conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with inflammatory polyarthropathies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with inflammatory polyarthropathies."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with inflammatory polyarthropathies?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with inflammatory polyarthropathies."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chronic pain mentioned as one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chronic pain is one of the patient's conditions mentioned in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chronic pain mentioned as one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, chronic pain is not mentioned as one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a summary of the patient's medical history, and it does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has glaucoma been mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide enough information to determine if the patient has glaucoma or not. However, it is important to note that the presence of glaucoma can be detected through various diagnostic tests and imaging techniques, such as retinal imaging, which may not be visible in the image you are referring to."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 76 y.o. female with normal tension glaucoma, mild to moderate, right eye more than left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Current treatments include brimonidine and latanoprost. Also has divergence insufficiency and cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is mentioned to have normal tension glaucoma, which is a type of glaucoma that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if left untreated."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07215.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the disease. Has high-normal IOP, sup thinning OD > OS, a history of eye trauma and surgery. Currently chooses close observation over treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bitemporal hemianopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with bitemporal hemianopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the disease. Has high-normal IOP, sup thinning OD > OS, a history of eye trauma and surgery. Currently chooses close observation over treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bitemporal hemianopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with bitemporal hemianopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye pressure readings normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye pressure readings in the image appear to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma, with severe condition in the left eye that may require surgery. Allergic to brimonidine, also taking dorzolamide and latanoprost. Has other medical issues including heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye pressure readings normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye pressure readings are not normal. The image shows elevated eye pressure, which is a common finding in patients with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated with artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being treated with artificial tears."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated with artificial tears?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated with artificial tears."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-Hispanic woman. There is no glaucoma diagnosis. However, she is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye. Other conditions include migraine, hypertension and obesity. She takes zolmitriptan as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a glaucoma suspect for her left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07219.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient ever recorded a maximum eye pressure of 24?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a maximum eye pressure of 24 mmHg. However, it is important to note that the patient has never recorded a maximum eye pressure of 24 mmHg. The image is a representation of the eye pressure at the time it was taken."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient ever recorded a maximum eye pressure of 24?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has never recorded a maximum eye pressure of 24."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07219.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any problems with glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any problems with glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any problems with glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported problems with glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07221.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 85-year-old male with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Stable post uncomplicated cataract surgery in both eyes. Probable glaucoma in both eyes, no family history. Non-significant IOP lowering on latanoprost or alphagan, switched to Cosopt with good result. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07224.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma post laser peripheral iridotomy. History of headache after eye dilation. Angle improved but still narrow post LPI. Future treatments might be needed. Stable intraocular pressure. Hyperopic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma post laser peripheral iridotomy. History of headache after eye dilation. Angle improved but still narrow post LPI. Future treatments might be needed. Stable intraocular pressure. Hyperopic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07224.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma post laser peripheral iridotomy. History of headache after eye dilation. Angle improved but still narrow post LPI. Future treatments might be needed. Stable intraocular pressure. Hyperopic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma post laser peripheral iridotomy. History of headache after eye dilation. Angle improved but still narrow post LPI. Future treatments might be needed. Stable intraocular pressure. Hyperopic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07225.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Desowen, Hydroxychloroquine, multivitamins, and Protopic. They have rash, nonspecific skin eruption, dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, and chronic kidney disease. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was suspected of having glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the actual diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Desowen, Hydroxychloroquine, multivitamins, and Protopic. They have rash, nonspecific skin eruption, dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, and chronic kidney disease. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07225.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Desowen, Hydroxychloroquine, multivitamins, and Protopic. They have rash, nonspecific skin eruption, dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, and chronic kidney disease. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a laser barricade procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of a laser barricade procedure, so the answer is yes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on Desowen, Hydroxychloroquine, multivitamins, and Protopic. They have rash, nonspecific skin eruption, dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, and chronic kidney disease. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a laser barricade procedure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo a laser barricade procedure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07226.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Zioptan for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently prescribed Zioptan for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Zioptan for glaucoma management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently prescribed Zioptan for glaucoma management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07226.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rhopressa one of the medications being used for this patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Rhopressa is one of the medications being used for this patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rhopressa one of the medications being used for this patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rhopressa is not one of the medications being used for this patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07226.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Lotemax included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that Lotemax is included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma with normal OCT findings in both eyes. Non-specific defects noted in testing. Advised regular complete eye examinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Lotemax included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Lotemax is not included in the patient's glaucoma medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient is taking omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil as part of their medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil is not part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has open angle glaucoma with borderline findings, presenting a high risk in both eyes. They also have senile cataract and macular degeneration. Current plan includes continued monitoring and a follow-up for intraocular pressure checks. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07229.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Tobradex for left eye, asked to return for check-up. No indication of glaucoma. Depicts refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have age-related macular degeneration in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have age-related macular degeneration in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have age-related macular degeneration in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the central defects likely due to age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The central defects in the image are likely due to age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the central defects likely due to age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the central defects are likely due to glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of drusen in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are drusen present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eyes do not show any drusen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane (ERM) observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows an absence of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an epiretinal membrane (ERM) observed in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no epiretinal membrane (ERM) observed in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a full-thickness macular hole in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a full-thickness macular hole in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a full-thickness macular hole in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a full-thickness macular hole in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07231.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a regimen including rifampin, ethambutol, and azithromycin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently on a regimen including rifampin, ethambutol, and azithromycin."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a regimen including rifampin, ethambutol, and azithromycin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on a regimen including rifampin, ethambutol, and azithromycin."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07231.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced vision loss due to ethambutol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has experienced vision loss due to ethambutol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced vision loss due to ethambutol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced vision loss due to ethambutol."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07231.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of ocular involvement in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is focused on the brain, and there is no mention of ocular involvement in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of ocular involvement in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition is mentioned to be affecting the ocular region. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07234.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any disc edema observed in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no disc edema in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma. It discusses that the patient has a high risk of morbidity and required an extensive consultation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any disc edema observed in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows disc edema in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07237.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for an evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for an evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for an evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been referred for an evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07237.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there severe visual field loss in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal visual field in the patient's right eye. Therefore, the answer is \"no.\""}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there severe visual field loss in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no severe visual field loss in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07237.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the high intraocular pressure in the patient's eye associated with inflammation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the high intraocular pressure in the patient's eye is associated with inflammation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the high intraocular pressure in the patient's eye associated with inflammation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the high intraocular pressure in the patient's eye is not associated with inflammation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye (OS) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The left eye (OS) appears to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye (OS) normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the left eye (OS) is not normal. The image shows an increased cup/disc ratio, which is a sign of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has latanoprost been prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that latanoprost has been prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has latanoprost been prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, latanoprost has not been prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alphagan one of the medications prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, alphagan is one of the medications prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alphagan one of the medications prescribed to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, alphagan is not one of the medications prescribed to the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is timolol part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that timolol is part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio, particularly in the left eye. Glaucoma was discussed, but therapy would only slow progression, not reverse or cure it. Patient previously had cataract surgery. Other conditions include mild posterior capsular opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is timolol part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, timolol is not part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 66-year-old woman suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 66-year-old woman is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 66-year-old woman suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 66-year-old woman is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have extramacular drusen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the absence of extramacular drusen in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have extramacular drusen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have extramacular drusen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the absence of nuclear cataracts in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eyes do not show nuclear cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07244.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild nuclear sclerosis, low intraocular pressure, and normal retinal nerve fiber layer. No glaucoma detected, potential refractive error. HVF to be repeated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild nuclear sclerosis, low intraocular pressure, and normal retinal nerve fiber layer. No glaucoma detected, potential refractive error. HVF to be repeated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Prednisolone for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Prednisolone for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Prednisolone for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed Prednisolone for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also taking Brimonidine twice a day for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also taking Brimonidine twice a day for the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye. They are on Alphagan, Cosopt, and Xalatan eye drops, and need to increase dosage. They also have retinopathy, a cataract in the right eye and are under surveillance for diabetic eye exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also taking Brimonidine twice a day for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not taking Brimonidine twice a day for the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07250.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on latanoprost treatment for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on latanoprost treatment for his eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on latanoprost treatment for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on latanoprost treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07251.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is any intervention required for the patient at the moment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that no intervention is required for the patient at the moment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, indicating glaucoma. His vision has been getting worse. He needs medication adjustments, regular checks, and potentially co-management with a closer specialist. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is any intervention required for the patient at the moment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires intervention, as indicated by the high intraocular pressure in both eyes and the worsening vision. This suggests that the patient has glaucoma, which is a serious condition that requires appropriate treatment and management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is being treated with timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated with timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated with timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using latanoprost medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using latanoprost medication, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using latanoprost medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using latanoprost medication."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) been identified in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) been identified in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) has not been identified in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of glaucoma risk factors?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of glaucoma risk factors."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of glaucoma risk factors?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma risk factors."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's vision issues likely related to the use of progressive lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is unlikely that the patient's vision issues are related to the use of progressive lenses. the ophthalmological examination revealed no signs of retinal detachment or other abnormalities."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's vision issues likely related to the use of progressive lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's vision issues are not likely related to the use of progressive lenses. The issues are more likely due to the presence of significant cataracts in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with significant cataracts (od>os). Discussed cataract surgery and potential risks including increased eye pressure & glaucoma. Chosen to proceed with right eye surgery. Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07254.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was closed gonioscopy observed in the patient's evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, closed gonioscopy was observed in the patient's evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was closed gonioscopy observed in the patient's evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, closed gonioscopy was not observed in the patient's evaluation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07254.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is confirmatory visual field testing recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, confirmatory visual field testing is recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is confirmatory visual field testing recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, confirmatory visual field testing is not recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07254.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the necessity for lifelong follow-up to prevent permanent vision loss been discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient has been informed about the need for lifelong follow-up to prevent permanent vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was evaluated for ptosis by oculoplastics. Returned to neuro-ophthalmology as needed. Prescription given for non-glaucoma related glasses. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the necessity for lifelong follow-up to prevent permanent vision loss been discussed with the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, it appears that the patient has not been advised to undergo lifelong follow-up to prevent permanent vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07255.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with presbyopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07255.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's history of glaucoma. However, it does show the presence of a left-sided glaucoma drainage device."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Suitable for cataract extraction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07256.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a known patent foramen ovale, multiple sclerosis, partial transverse myelitis and suffered a stroke. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is migraine part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of migraine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a known patent foramen ovale, multiple sclerosis, partial transverse myelitis and suffered a stroke. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is migraine part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, migraine is not part of the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07257.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a specific mention of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an ophthalmological examination, but it does not specifically mention glaucoma. However, the patient's clinical notes do mention glaucoma. So, the answer is [yes]."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a specific mention of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's clinical notes mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07259.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. Screened for COVID. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. Screened for COVID. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07260.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinal vasospasm suspected in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, retinal vasospasm is suspected in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinal vasospasm suspected in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinal vasospasm is not suspected in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07262.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient presents with moderate cupping in both eyes, and has evidence of possible glaucoma in left eye (superior/inferior thinning). They're starting prophylactic eye drops and are prescribed glasses for presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient presents with moderate cupping in both eyes, and has evidence of possible glaucoma in left eye (superior/inferior thinning). They're starting prophylactic eye drops and are prescribed glasses for presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07263.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma, borderline ocular hypertension, and history of allergic conjunctivitis. She prefers close monitoring over therapy to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of the patient having glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma, borderline ocular hypertension, and history of allergic conjunctivitis. She prefers close monitoring over therapy to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07265.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, the cup to disc ratio in both eyes is within normal limits. This means that the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma based on this particular measurement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07265.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is future monitoring planned for the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that future monitoring is planned for the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 yo woman underwent complete ophthalmic examination for glaucoma screening. No evidence of glaucoma risk, further screening not required. Also identified PAM/CAM in left eye, benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is future monitoring planned for the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, future monitoring is not planned for the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07267.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as narrow angle suspect. No clear evidence of glaucoma but has borderline intraocular pressure (23), normal optic nerve & visual fields, & narrow but not closed angles. Plan: monitor situation or possibly start latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of possible glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed as narrow angle suspect. No clear evidence of glaucoma but has borderline intraocular pressure (23), normal optic nerve & visual fields, & narrow but not closed angles. Plan: monitor situation or possibly start latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of possible glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07268.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there optic disc edema present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows optic disc edema in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 58-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor, is a glaucoma suspect with pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Myopic displacement noted; optic nerve, IOP, visual fields are okay. No intervention needed currently. Also has epiretinal membrane in left eye, previously treated retinal detachment in right eye, lattice degeneration in both eyes, and presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there optic disc edema present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no optic disc edema present in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to asymmetry of the optic nerve cups?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to the asymmetry of the optic nerve cups."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient observed with asymmetric optic disc swelling, high csf pressure risk due to steroids use. Perifoveal retinal lesions present, optic neuropathies detected but no sign of glaucoma. Tests planned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to asymmetry of the optic nerve cups?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to asymmetry of the optic nerve cups."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07270.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Pigmentary Glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has Pigmentary Glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have Pigmentary Glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have Pigmentary Glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07270.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07271.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07273.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have anatomically narrow angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has anatomically narrow angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have anatomically narrow angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have anatomically narrow angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07273.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild-moderate open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild risk in left eye. Positive family history of glaucoma. Has undergone laser repair for retinal tear. No history of asthma, sulfa allergy or kidney issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in the right eye only."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07274.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 67-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect based on her family history. She also has mild cataracts, hyperopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. Cataracts are not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, blepharitis is one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 67-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect based on her family history. She also has mild cataracts, hyperopia with astigmatism, and presbyopia. Cataracts are not visually significant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, blepharitis is not one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07275.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient referred to a general eye exam by Glaucoma services?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was referred to a general eye exam by Glaucoma services."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient referred to a general eye exam by Glaucoma services?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient was referred to a general eye exam by the general ophthalmology department."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07275.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note reports borderline thinning in the right eye and superior temporal thinning, slightly worse in the left eye. Monovision has caused eye fatigue and lens damage. Glaucoma isn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with mild stage primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07276.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using brimonidine to lower intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using brimonidine to lower intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using brimonidine to lower intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using brimonidine to lower intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07276.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of brimonidine indicate that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of brimonidine in the image suggests that the patient has been treated for glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the image itself does not provide a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma. A healthcare professional would need to evaluate the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of brimonidine indicate that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of brimonidine in the image does not necessarily indicate that the patient has glaucoma. Brimonidine is a medication used to treat glaucoma, but its presence in the image could be due to the patient's history of using this medication. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07276.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Combigan being used by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient is using Combigan, which is a medication that is administered to the eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ICE syndrome and a history of allergic reactions to Cosopt and Alphagan. IOP is acceptable. There were incidences of intolerance to Travatan. Also suffers from cataracts. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Combigan being used by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Combigan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07277.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye exam indicate a normal c/d ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye exam indicates a normal c/d ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a defect in visual fields and dermatochalasis. Both optic nerves are small with signs of diffuse thinning and pallor, suggesting bilateral optic neuropathies. Work up to rule out nutritional and infectious causes planned. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye exam indicate a normal c/d ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye exam does not indicate a normal c/d ratio. The c/d ratio is a measurement used to assess the shape of the optic nerve head, which can be helpful in diagnosing glaucoma. A normal c/d ratio is typically greater than 0.9. In this case, the c/d ratio is not mentioned, but the presence of bilateral optic neuropathies suggests that there may be an issue with the optic nerves, which could be related to glaucoma or other conditions. Further evaluation and tests would be needed to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have glaucoma in either eye, as shown in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were intraocular lenses placed in both eyes during cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that intraocular lenses were placed in both eyes during cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right eye has intraocular lens and history of lens dislocation. Left eye underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were intraocular lenses placed in both eyes during cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, intraocular lenses were placed in both eyes during cataract surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07285.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataracts in both eyes, cupping ou, and mild ERM. No presence of glaucoma as per testing. Other conditions include blepharitis/dry ou and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataracts in both eyes, cupping ou, and mild ERM. No presence of glaucoma as per testing. Other conditions include blepharitis/dry ou and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma as per testing."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07287.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows cupping in both eyes, suggestive of glaucoma. However, normal visual field and low intraocular pressure observed. Possible ocular migraine and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of cup/disc asymmetry?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a cup/disc asymmetry, which is a common finding in glaucoma suspects. However, it is important to note that cup/disc asymmetry is not the only criterion for considering a patient a glaucoma suspect. Other factors, such as the presence of other risk factors, the patient's age, and the severity of the asymmetry, should also be taken into account. In this case, the patient was considered a glaucoma suspect due to the presence of other risk factors, such as a positive family history and a high intraocular pressure (IOP)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows cupping in both eyes, suggestive of glaucoma. However, normal visual field and low intraocular pressure observed. Possible ocular migraine and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of cup/disc asymmetry?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect because of cup/disc asymmetry. The patient was initially considered a glaucoma suspect, but after further evaluation, it was determined that the patient did not have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07288.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect because of an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect because of an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect because of an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio. The cup-to-disc ratio is a measurement used to assess the risk of glaucoma, but in this case, it is not the primary reason for the patient being considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07288.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient HIV positive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is HIV positive."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspected autoimmune pemphigoid, dry eye symptoms observed. Recommended ointment and referral to uveitis if symptoms persist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient HIV positive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not HIV positive."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07289.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) on both eyes on specified dates. Scheduled for follow-up including intraocular pressure check, visual fields test, dilation, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitreous detachment present in both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows vitreous detachment in both of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) on both eyes on specified dates. Scheduled for follow-up including intraocular pressure check, visual fields test, dilation, and disc photos. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitreous detachment present in both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, vitreous detachment is not present in both of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the male patient experience bilateral blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the male patient has bilateral blurry vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the male patient experience bilateral blurry vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the male patient does not experience bilateral blurry vision."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated for a suprasellar germinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has been treated for a suprasellar germinoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated for a suprasellar germinoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been treated for a suprasellar germinoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is circumferential cupping evident in the patient\u2019s eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral macular edema, which is a condition where fluid accumulates in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. However, circumferential cupping is not evident in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is circumferential cupping evident in the patient\u2019s eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, circumferential cupping is not evident in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07293.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings for the patient negative in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings for the patient are negative in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings for the patient negative in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the IOP readings for the patient are not negative in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07293.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the conditions the patient is dealing with?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is dealing with blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the conditions the patient is dealing with?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, blepharitis is not one of the conditions the patient is dealing with."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07294.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed 1 drop in each eye nightly and 5 mg Accupril orally. Medical history includes heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral venous insufficiency, constipation, skin cancer, onychomycosis, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown intolerance to any glaucoma medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown intolerance to any glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed 1 drop in each eye nightly and 5 mg Accupril orally. Medical history includes heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral venous insufficiency, constipation, skin cancer, onychomycosis, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown intolerance to any glaucoma medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerance to latanoprost, which is a medication used to treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07296.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male patient with a family history of glaucoma, now a glaucoma suspect himself. Has mild and moderate ocular hypertension, early symptoms of glaucoma, glaucoma treatment options discussed including lifelong follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of branch retinal vein occlusion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a history of branch retinal vein occlusion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male patient with a family history of glaucoma, now a glaucoma suspect himself. Has mild and moderate ocular hypertension, early symptoms of glaucoma, glaucoma treatment options discussed including lifelong follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of branch retinal vein occlusion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of branch retinal vein occlusion."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07296.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male patient with a family history of glaucoma, now a glaucoma suspect himself. Has mild and moderate ocular hypertension, early symptoms of glaucoma, glaucoma treatment options discussed including lifelong follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male patient with a family history of glaucoma, now a glaucoma suspect himself. Has mild and moderate ocular hypertension, early symptoms of glaucoma, glaucoma treatment options discussed including lifelong follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07297.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently receiving treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently receiving treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently receiving treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently receiving treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07297.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Brimonidine been prescribed as part of the patient's ophthalmic treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Brimonidine has been prescribed as part of the patient's ophthalmic treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Brimonidine been prescribed as part of the patient's ophthalmic treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Brimonidine has not been prescribed for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07297.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost included in the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Latanoprost is included in the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 31-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes had an increased cup/disc ratio. There were nonspecific defects in one eye and temporal and inferior thinning in both; however, he was deemed likely at low risk. There is no need for intervention but suggested monitoring. He also wanted an update on his glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Latanoprost included in the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Latanoprost is not included in the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07298.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an afferent pupillary defect (APD) present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show an afferent pupillary defect (APD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has symptoms of intracranial pressure. Visual fixation issues may be due to myasthenia, early thyroid eye disease (TED), or strabismus. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an afferent pupillary defect (APD) present?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is an afferent pupillary defect (APD) present in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a familial history of glaucoma in the patient's family?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's familial history of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's overall medical history and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a familial history of glaucoma in the patient's family?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma, as her sister has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a large choroidal nevus in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a large choroidal nevus in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a large choroidal nevus in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a large choroidal nevus in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a corneal scar present in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a corneal scar in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a corneal scar present in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no corneal scar present in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma indicated in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide enough information to determine whether glaucoma is indicated in the patient's diagnosis. However, it is important to note that glaucoma is a condition that can be detected through various diagnostic tests, such as a visual field test, tonometry, and ophthalmoscopy. A healthcare professional would be able to provide a more accurate assessment of the patient's condition based on their medical history and diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 61-year-old female patient with a history of phaco/pciol and early cataract on left eye, not affecting vision. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cdr and family history (sister). Full visual field shown on hfv and open gonio, but oct rnfl shows potential glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma indicated in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is indicated in the patient's diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07302.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure and tmax values within normal ranges for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The intraocular pressure (IOP) and tmax values in the image are within normal ranges for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure and tmax values within normal ranges for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure (IOP) and tmax values are not within normal ranges for this patient. The IOP is 40, which is higher than the normal range, and the tmax value is 1.5 seconds, which is also outside the normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07302.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not undergone any glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension and had surgery to treat a macular-on rrd in their right eye. Post-op, their intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 40. They take pred forte and cosopt for treatment. 3 months after silicon oil (so) removal, their IOP again increased to 40. A sup defect was found in the right eye. No definite glaucomatous loss detected, but results borderlined. The plan is to continue cosopt treatment, check IOP again in a few months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone any glaucoma procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone glaucoma procedures, including silicon oil (so) removal and trabeculectomy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07303.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected for open angle glaucoma in right eye (more) than left, moderate to high risk. Cataract present but not visually significant. No family history of glaucoma. Scheduled for follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected for open angle glaucoma in right eye (more) than left, moderate to high risk. Cataract present but not visually significant. No family history of glaucoma. Scheduled for follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of glaucoma in the patient's eyes. The patient is suspected for open angle glaucoma in the right eye, with a moderate to high risk."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07304.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, severe vision loss in the right eye, and issues with memory. They are on latanoprost, timolol, and cosopt. Consideration is being given to laser trabeculoplasty. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify if the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not specifically mention whether the patient has glaucoma or not. However, the image is a preoperative angio-CT scan, which is a type of imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels and other structures in the body. It is not directly related to glaucoma diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, severe vision loss in the right eye, and issues with memory. They are on latanoprost, timolol, and cosopt. Consideration is being given to laser trabeculoplasty. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify if the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07304.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, severe vision loss in the right eye, and issues with memory. They are on latanoprost, timolol, and cosopt. Consideration is being given to laser trabeculoplasty. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary mention any specific eye conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention any specific eye conditions the patient has."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, severe vision loss in the right eye, and issues with memory. They are on latanoprost, timolol, and cosopt. Consideration is being given to laser trabeculoplasty. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary mention any specific eye conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, severe vision loss in the right eye, and issues with memory."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07305.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have combined cataracts and optic disc cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with combined cataracts and optic disc cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have combined cataracts and optic disc cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have combined cataracts and optic disc cupping."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07306.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking anti-hypertensive medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently taking anti-hypertensive medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension and a stable 14mm malformation. Issues with her shunt and visual field test noted. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking anti-hypertensive medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking anti-hypertensive medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07307.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma with thin corneas, surprisingly good oct and gcl. Latanoprost was restarted for sas os. Suffers also from astigmatism, presbyopia, dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) of 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's BCVA is 20/20, which indicates that their vision is normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma with thin corneas, surprisingly good oct and gcl. Latanoprost was restarted for sas os. Suffers also from astigmatism, presbyopia, dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) of 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a BCVA of 20/20."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that glaucoma is suspected in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not suspected in the left eye (OS) based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is undergoing OCT RNFL monitoring."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) monitoring?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing OCT RNFL monitoring."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also undergoing HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) 24-2 testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also undergoing HVF 24-2 testing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76-year-old female patient has ocular hypertension, noted by an increased cup-to-disk ratio and focal nasal thinning. She has used Xalatan for this issue. She also shows signs of a posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. There's no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also undergoing HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) 24-2 testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing HVF 24-2 testing."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is asthma one of the patient's other conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, asthma is one of the patient's other conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is asthma one of the patient's other conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, asthma is not one of the patient's other conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the decision been made to initiate treatment for the patient's glaucoma suspect status?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the decision has not been made to initiate treatment for the patient's glaucoma suspect status."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma. Treatment goals include maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) at \u2264 16 mmHg in the right eye and \u2264 21 mmHg in the left eye. Current medications include Cosopt, Brimonidine, and Methazolamide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the decision been made to initiate treatment for the patient's glaucoma suspect status?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the decision has been made to initiate treatment for the patient's glaucoma suspect status."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07311.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient does not have diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from various disorders including depressive disorder, cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, seizures, hearing loss, and kidney injury. Vision problems are present, but glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has diabetic retinopathy, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07314.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-progressive bilateral optic neuropathy, likely due to nutritional deficiency and history of alcohol use. No evidence of optic nerve compression or glaucoma. Optic nerve pallor and cupping OD>OS observed, cause unclear. Patient has a history of chiasmal lesions, heavy alcohol and smoking use (remission), cholesteatoma, and an unspecified brain 'cyst'. Instructions given to follow up with ophthalmology and for neuro-ophthalmic examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has obesity been noted as a condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a patient with obesity."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-progressive bilateral optic neuropathy, likely due to nutritional deficiency and history of alcohol use. No evidence of optic nerve compression or glaucoma. Optic nerve pallor and cupping OD>OS observed, cause unclear. Patient has a history of chiasmal lesions, heavy alcohol and smoking use (remission), cholesteatoma, and an unspecified brain 'cyst'. Instructions given to follow up with ophthalmology and for neuro-ophthalmic examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has obesity been noted as a condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, obesity has not been noted as a condition for the patient in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07318.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma one of the conditions the patient has been diagnosed with?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma one of the conditions the patient has been diagnosed with?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07319.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred to the clinic for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was referred to the clinic for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note pertains to a 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred to the clinic for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been referred to the clinic for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07322.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07322.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, latanoprost appears to be part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is latanoprost part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, latanoprost is not part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07322.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lumigan being used to treat the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that lumigan is being used to treat the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lumigan being used to treat the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, lumigan is not being used to treat the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07322.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y/o male suspected of glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles. No symptoms of acute angle closure, no known family history. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Advised to monitor without glaucoma treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07323.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye, as mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07323.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient sustained any eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal examination, which means that there is no visible evidence of eye trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient sustained any eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has sustained eye trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07323.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids, which might have affected their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who did not use steroids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about the patient's condition. Glaucoma presence is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids, which might have affected their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids, which might have affected their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07324.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the brain, which is a type of imaging that helps visualize blood vessels. However, the image itself does not provide a definitive diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The diagnosis would be based on the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07324.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have asymptomatic exophoria?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has asymptomatic exophoria."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have asymptomatic exophoria?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has asymptomatic exophoria, which is a condition where the eyes are not aligned properly, causing them to deviate from their normal position."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07324.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's diagnosis of glaucoma. However, it does show the patient's retinal appearance, which can be used to assess the presence of glaucoma or other retinal abnormalities. To determine if the patient has glaucoma, it would be necessary to review the patient's medical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed dorzolamide-timolol opht, primarily used for glaucoma treatment, for the right eye but is not taking it. Other conditions include osteoporosis, herpes simplex, breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07325.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07325.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have glaucoma at the time of the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient currently has glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07328.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has microprolactinoma, but stable in size. No evidence of optic nerve pallor. Suspected of glaucoma given family history. IOP is 15 OD and 17 OS, and thin superior OD observed on OCT RNFL. Plan is to continue observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has microprolactinoma, but stable in size. No evidence of optic nerve pallor. Suspected of glaucoma given family history. IOP is 15 OD and 17 OS, and thin superior OD observed on OCT RNFL. Plan is to continue observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07329.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased c:d ratio suggestive of possible glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The increased c:d ratio in the image is suggestive of possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the increased c:d ratio suggestive of possible glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the increased c:d ratio is not suggestive of possible glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07330.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 year old white, non-Hispanic female patient with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT tests been mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 year old white, non-Hispanic female patient with no diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT tests been mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT tests have not been mentioned in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected due to optic nerve cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that glaucoma is suspected due to the presence of optic nerve cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected due to optic nerve cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not suspected due to optic nerve cupping in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is intracranial hemorrhage one of the impressions from the patient's evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intracranial hemorrhage is one of the impressions from the patient's evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is intracranial hemorrhage one of the impressions from the patient's evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, intracranial hemorrhage is not one of the impressions from the patient's evaluation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an increased cup:disc ratio observed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an increased cup:disc ratio in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any specific information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The note primarily discusses patient counseling and care coordination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an increased cup:disc ratio observed in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show an increased cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07332.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07332.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma. Alternative treatment options include Latanoprost, Xalatan, Travatan Z, etc. Care taken for fluoroquinolone-allergic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is receiving Dorzolamide in both eyes 2x per day for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having anatomical narrow angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was initially suspected of having anatomical narrow angle glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnosis was later revised to be a case of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having anatomical narrow angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having anatomical narrow angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high IOP but no evidence of PDS or PXF. Examination shows open gonioscopy, healthy nerves, and thick CCT. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07334.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye. Therefore, the answer is yes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07334.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has laser retinopexy been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of a laser retinopexy, which is a treatment that uses laser energy to create small burns on the retina to help prevent retinal detachment. It appears that the patient has undergone this procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has laser retinopexy been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, laser retinopexy has not been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07334.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07335.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new inferior nasal defect discovered in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a new inferior nasal defect in the patient's eye examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new inferior nasal defect discovered in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's eye examination did not reveal any new inferior nasal defect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07335.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an epiretinal membrane?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has hypertension, sleep apnea, cataract, vitamin D deficiency, anxiety, gastric ulcer, hyperlipidemia, and migraine. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an epiretinal membrane?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have an epiretinal membrane."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07337.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bronchiectasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with bronchiectasis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bronchiectasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with bronchiectasis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07337.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is uveitis one of the conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, uveitis is one of the conditions the patient has."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is uveitis one of the conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, uveitis is not one of the conditions the patient has."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07337.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any immunizations administered to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not receive any immunizations."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note provides no specific information about the presence of glaucoma. Patient has intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast, breast cancer, and dizziness. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any immunizations administered to the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient received immunizations."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07339.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with sectoral visual loss. He has slightly high cholesterol but refuses to take statin. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the patient has already been diagnosed with a specific eye condition in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a preoperative CT scan, and it does not show any indication of a specific eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with sectoral visual loss. He has slightly high cholesterol but refuses to take statin. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the patient has already been diagnosed with a specific eye condition in the note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has already been diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with sectoral visual loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07340.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient distressed about the change in iris color?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not seem to be distressed about the change in iris color."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's regimen and future appointments for eye care, including cornea care and IOP check. The presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient distressed about the change in iris color?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient seems to be distressed about the change in iris color."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07341.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 y.o. black, Unknown male, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there symptoms of posterior involvement in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no symptoms of posterior involvement in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53 y.o. black, Unknown male, does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there symptoms of posterior involvement in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows symptoms of posterior involvement in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07342.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been partially blind since birth?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been partially blind since birth."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been partially blind since birth?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been partially blind since birth."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07345.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is scheduled for a Humphrey Visual Field test for both eyes, indicating concerns about glaucoma, but the condition is not confirmed. Other health issues include uterine leiomyoma, asthma, abnormal cervical smear, seasonal allergic rhinitis, abdominal swelling, thyroid cancer, and irregular bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of a specific medical condition in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not mention any specific medical condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is scheduled for a Humphrey Visual Field test for both eyes, indicating concerns about glaucoma, but the condition is not confirmed. Other health issues include uterine leiomyoma, asthma, abnormal cervical smear, seasonal allergic rhinitis, abdominal swelling, thyroid cancer, and irregular bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of a specific medical condition in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions a specific medical condition. However, it is important to remember that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. They should only be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07345.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is scheduled for a Humphrey Visual Field test for both eyes, indicating concerns about glaucoma, but the condition is not confirmed. Other health issues include uterine leiomyoma, asthma, abnormal cervical smear, seasonal allergic rhinitis, abdominal swelling, thyroid cancer, and irregular bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's condition shown any signs of change according to the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that there has been no significant change in the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is scheduled for a Humphrey Visual Field test for both eyes, indicating concerns about glaucoma, but the condition is not confirmed. Other health issues include uterine leiomyoma, asthma, abnormal cervical smear, seasonal allergic rhinitis, abdominal swelling, thyroid cancer, and irregular bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient's condition shown any signs of change according to the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates that the patient's condition has shown signs of change."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been assessed for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been assessed for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been assessed for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been assessed for glaucoma, and no glaucoma was detected."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate to severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has moderate to severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate to severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have moderate to severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 60-year-old patient fell and hit her head, possibly causing a concussion. Started experiencing ocular migraines and headaches afterward, typically thrice a week. No glaucoma detected. Referral to neurology suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07348.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any signs of medication intolerances?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not shown any signs of medication intolerances."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any signs of medication intolerances?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown signs of medication intolerances."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07351.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack (TIA)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07351.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient symptomatic for the bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not symptomatic for the bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected with Wolfram syndrome displaying genetic optic neuropathy, hearing loss, and short stature. Genetic testing advised. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient symptomatic for the bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is symptomatic for the bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07352.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note specify the stage of glaucoma as either early or advanced?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not specify the stage of glaucoma as either early or advanced."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note requests old records from Dr. PERSON for a patient's glaucoma history, including procedures, visual field results, and OCT scan results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note specify the stage of glaucoma as either early or advanced?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note specifies the stage of glaucoma as either early or advanced."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07353.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been in contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been in contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is on medications such as ibuprofen, mycophenolate, omeprazole, prednisone, tacrolimus, multivitamin, and turmeric. They have conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis syndrome. Glaucoma is not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been in contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been in contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07355.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone cataract surgery and received lens implants?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone cataract surgery and received lens implants."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone cataract surgery and received lens implants?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone cataract surgery and has not received lens implants."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07355.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a second surgery planned due to intolerance to monovision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a postoperative angiography, which is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels. It is not directly related to the question about a second surgery. However, it is important to note that the decision to perform a second surgery depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the success of the first surgery, and the patient's tolerance to the surgical outcome. In this case, it seems that the patient is experiencing intolerance to monovision, which is a potential complication of certain eye surgeries. The medical team would need to evaluate the patient's condition and determine if a second surgery is necessary or if alternative treatments or adjustments to the patient's lifestyle and expectations can be made."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a second surgery planned due to intolerance to monovision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the second surgery is planned due to the progression of cataract."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07358.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify any particular medical condition affecting the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention any particular medical condition affecting the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify any particular medical condition affecting the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Additionally, the patient is suspected to have NAION, which is a condition that affects the optic nerve."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07358.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of any past surgeries related to the patient's eyes in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention any past surgeries related to the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a mention of any past surgeries related to the patient's eyes in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mention of a past surgery related to the patient's eyes in the summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07358.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the clinical notes indicate any current medication use for the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical notes do not indicate any current medication use for the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the clinical notes indicate any current medication use for the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical notes mention that the patient is currently using a medication called brimonidine for their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07361.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is a follow-up for a neuro-ophthalmology patient who will have further tests reviewed in his next clinic visit. The need for glaucoma testing wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a glaucoma suspect, which means that the patient is considered at risk for developing glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note is a follow-up for a neuro-ophthalmology patient who will have further tests reviewed in his next clinic visit. The need for glaucoma testing wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07363.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in right eye. Ptosis in right eye. Supraduction limitation in left eye since 2011. Mild infraduction limitation in right eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient also had resection for the right occipital gbm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone resection for the right occipital gbm."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in right eye. Ptosis in right eye. Supraduction limitation in left eye since 2011. Mild infraduction limitation in right eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient also had resection for the right occipital gbm?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had resection for the right occipital gbm."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07364.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient discussed risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery, including potential vision issues. They were informed about glaucoma surgery options and gave consent for a monofocal lens. Despite their chosen NRP stent being unavailable, they moved forward with a phaco/bgi. They're under observation for future lens procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Cogentin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently taking Cogentin."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient discussed risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery, including potential vision issues. They were informed about glaucoma surgery options and gave consent for a monofocal lens. Despite their chosen NRP stent being unavailable, they moved forward with a phaco/bgi. They're under observation for future lens procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Cogentin?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking Cogentin."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any history of trauma to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has no history of trauma to the eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any history of trauma to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced a history of trauma to the eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been previously diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been previously diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any known defects in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal left eye, so there are no known defects in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed brimonidine twice daily in both eyes. Other medications options include alphagan, latanoprost, xalatan etc. Last visual field and dilated exam conducted 11/2019. No disc photos. Follow-up at glaucoma clinic planned. Presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any known defects in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are known defects in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07367.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any other eye surgeries besides selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not had any other eye surgeries besides selective laser trabeculoplasty."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma. She has low intraocular pressure and her medications include timolol, brimonidine latanoprost, rhopressa, alphagan-p, pf cosopt and latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any other eye surgeries besides selective laser trabeculoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had a trabeculectomy in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07368.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d, thin corneas, and race. No visual complaints reported, using contact lenses without issues. Current IOP is 11/11, thin corneas. Glaucoma could potentially cause irreversible vision loss, recommended regular exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently high and untreated?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently high and untreated."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d, thin corneas, and race. No visual complaints reported, using contact lenses without issues. Current IOP is 11/11, thin corneas. Glaucoma could potentially cause irreversible vision loss, recommended regular exams. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently high and untreated?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's current intraocular pressure (IOP) is 11/11, which is within the normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07370.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, significant cupping, global thinning of RNFL yet stable. No glaucoma medication intolerances, target IOP and TMAX: 21/20. Full visual fields in both eyes. Currently has dry eye syndrome; no treatment for glaucoma initiated. Follow-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, significant cupping, global thinning of RNFL yet stable. No glaucoma medication intolerances, target IOP and TMAX: 21/20. Full visual fields in both eyes. Currently has dry eye syndrome; no treatment for glaucoma initiated. Follow-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07370.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, significant cupping, global thinning of RNFL yet stable. No glaucoma medication intolerances, target IOP and TMAX: 21/20. Full visual fields in both eyes. Currently has dry eye syndrome; no treatment for glaucoma initiated. Follow-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in either of the patient's eyes as mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that there is no glaucoma present in either of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 37 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, significant cupping, global thinning of RNFL yet stable. No glaucoma medication intolerances, target IOP and TMAX: 21/20. Full visual fields in both eyes. Currently has dry eye syndrome; no treatment for glaucoma initiated. Follow-up scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in either of the patient's eyes as mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is present in the patient's eyes, as mentioned in the summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07371.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with NMOSD (Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with NMOSD."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent phaco/ECP/iStent OD surgery. No pre-op diabetes medication nor special equipment for implants such as flomax required. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with NMOSD (Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with NMOSD."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07373.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not indicate the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note suggests that the patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07374.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MRI show pachymeningeal dural enhancement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MRI image shows pachymeningeal dural enhancement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MRI show pachymeningeal dural enhancement?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI does not show pachymeningeal dural enhancement."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07374.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of high intracranial pressure on the MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The MRI image does not show any evidence of high intracranial pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Spent majority of time in direct patient interaction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of high intracranial pressure on the MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MRI image shows evidence of high intracranial pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07375.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any contraindication for the patient to use beta blockers?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show any contraindications for the patient to use beta blockers."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any contraindication for the patient to use beta blockers?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a contraindication for beta blockers."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07376.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism, but the image shows that the patient is currently euthyroid, meaning their thyroid function has returned to normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07376.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone hip surgery and adhesions lysis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of hip surgery and adhesions lysis. However, without more information or context, I cannot definitively confirm whether the patient has undergone hip surgery and adhesions lysis. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to confirm the patient's medical history and the specific details of their treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone hip surgery and adhesions lysis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone hip surgery and adhesions lysis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07376.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using Flonase and Opcon for allergy symptoms?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using Flonase and Opcon for their allergy symptoms."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using Flonase and Opcon for allergy symptoms?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Flonase and Opcon for allergy symptoms."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07377.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Timoptic-XE for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's eye condition before they were prescribed Timoptic-XE. The patient was prescribed Timoptic-XE after the image was taken."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Timoptic-XE for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently prescribed Timoptic-XE for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07377.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PF ATS part of the patient's glaucoma treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that PF ATS is part of the patient's glaucoma treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PF ATS part of the patient's glaucoma treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, PF ATS is not part of the patient's glaucoma treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07377.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PF-AT gel included in the patient's regimen for treating a possible glaucoma condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's regimen for treating a possible glaucoma condition. However, it does not specifically mention the inclusion of PF-AT gel in the treatment plan. To determine if PF-AT gel is part of the patient's regimen, it would be necessary to review the entire treatment plan and consult with a healthcare professional."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PF-AT gel included in the patient's regimen for treating a possible glaucoma condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, PF-AT gel is not included in the patient's regimen for treating a possible glaucoma condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07377.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any mucous discharge in relation to their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any mucous discharge in relation to their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any mucous discharge in relation to their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported mucous discharge in relation to their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07379.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. black, non-hispanic female does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. She has hypothyroidism, chronic left-sided low back pain without sciatica, and is under regular healthcare maintenance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 52-year-old female patient at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a 52-year-old female patient with a 30-degree angle. However, without more information, it is not possible to definitively determine if the patient is at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 y.o. black, non-hispanic female does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. She has hypothyroidism, chronic left-sided low back pain without sciatica, and is under regular healthcare maintenance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 52-year-old female patient at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 52-year-old female patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07380.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require glasses for vision correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not require glasses for vision correction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma in right eye, removed at infancy. Had multiple glaucoma procedures as an infant, other issues include strabismus at 10yo and congenital cataract. No glaucoma in left eye. Plan to restart cosopt. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require glasses for vision correction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires glasses for vision correction."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07383.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with painless visual loss in left eye. Visual acuity good, but inferior altitudinal defect noted. Findings suggest non arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anxiety one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has anxiety, which is one of the conditions they are experiencing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with painless visual loss in left eye. Visual acuity good, but inferior altitudinal defect noted. Findings suggest non arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anxiety one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, anxiety is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07386.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's eye before starting latanoprost treatment for glaucoma. So, the answer is no, the patient was not receiving latanoprost treatment at the time the image was taken."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently being treated with latanoprost for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07388.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer is stable and they are suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye as well as chronic dry eyes. They are using Timolol, Restasis, and artificial tears for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with a 10 mg tablet for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with a 10 mg tablet for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer is stable and they are suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye as well as chronic dry eyes. They are using Timolol, Restasis, and artificial tears for treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with a 10 mg tablet for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is currently being treated with a 5 mg tablet for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07389.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify any ocular conditions affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention any ocular conditions affecting the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specify any ocular conditions affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in the right eye than the left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. However, there is no explicit mention of glaucoma in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07389.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary indicate any past ocular surgeries for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary provided does not mention any past ocular surgeries for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has history of ocular surgeries, congenital hereditary optic atrophy more in right eye than left, and a subjective decline in vision over time. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary indicate any past ocular surgeries for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary indicates that the patient has a history of ocular surgeries."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07390.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 31 yo female embriologist with likely physiological iop normal at each visit. Asymmetric c/d ratio stable. Maternal great grandmother had glaucoma. Inferior superior defects present. Anisocoria, possible migraines. Possible glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with an intra/suprasellar pituitary tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with an intra/suprasellar pituitary tumor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 31 yo female embriologist with likely physiological iop normal at each visit. Asymmetric c/d ratio stable. Maternal great grandmother had glaucoma. Inferior superior defects present. Anisocoria, possible migraines. Possible glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with an intra/suprasellar pituitary tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with an intra/suprasellar pituitary tumor."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07392.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image shows mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis. However, it does not show any signs of glaucoma. The increased cup:disc ratio mentioned in the reference report is not present in this particular image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07392.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is psoriasis one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, psoriasis is one of the conditions noted for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, history of melanoma. Suspected glaucoma due to an increased cup:disc ratio. Mild, visually insignificant nuclear senile cataracts and blepharitis found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is psoriasis one of the conditions noted for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, psoriasis is not one of the conditions noted for the patient in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07394.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07395.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mildly dry eyes, both eyes cupping, glaucoma is suspected due to positive family history. Normal visual field, presence of nuclear sclerosis, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any new floaters in her vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have any new floaters in her vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mildly dry eyes, both eyes cupping, glaucoma is suspected due to positive family history. Normal visual field, presence of nuclear sclerosis, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any new floaters in her vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has new floaters in her vision."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07395.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mildly dry eyes, both eyes cupping, glaucoma is suspected due to positive family history. Normal visual field, presence of nuclear sclerosis, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a nuclear sclerotic cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a nuclear sclerotic cataract in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mildly dry eyes, both eyes cupping, glaucoma is suspected due to positive family history. Normal visual field, presence of nuclear sclerosis, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a nuclear sclerotic cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a nuclear sclerotic cataract."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07398.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, cataract, refractive error, posterior vitreous detachment, ocular hypertension, and dry eyes. Glaucoma not indicated. Continuing latanoprost and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerances to medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any intolerances to medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, cataract, refractive error, posterior vitreous detachment, ocular hypertension, and dry eyes. Glaucoma not indicated. Continuing latanoprost and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any intolerances to medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported intolerances to medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 74-year-old female patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an OCT (optical coherence tomography) scan of the right eye of a 74-year-old female patient. OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina and other layers of the eye. It is often used to assess the health of the eye and detect abnormalities, such as glaucoma. However, without more information about the patient's clinical history and symptoms, it is not possible to definitively say whether the patient is suspected of having glaucoma or not. Further evaluation by a healthcare professional would be necessary to determine the patient's condition and any potential abnormalities."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 74-year-old female patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure readings 20 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure readings in both eyes are 20 mmHg."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the intraocular pressure readings 20 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure readings are 16 mmHg in the right eye and 18 mmHg in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07400.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo optic nerve testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent optic nerve testing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo optic nerve testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo optic nerve testing."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07402.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had congenital cyst in the right eye which was enucleated and had undergone multiple oculoplastics procedures. Mild cataract in left eye, not visually significant. Other pathological changes like elevated choroidal lesion were found in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had congenital cyst in the right eye which was enucleated and had undergone multiple oculoplastics procedures. Mild cataract in left eye, not visually significant. Other pathological changes like elevated choroidal lesion were found in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07403.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there ocular issues associated with the patient's thyroid disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no ocular issues associated with the patient's thyroid disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's intraocular pressure is at goal for both eyes off glaucoma meds, suggesting controlled condition. Treatment includes ongoing monitoring, artificial tears, and blood control. A posterior capsular opacification led to yag capsulotomy procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there ocular issues associated with the patient's thyroid disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has ocular issues associated with their thyroid disease. The fundus image and the reference report show that the patient has a posterior capsular opacification, which led to yag capsulotomy procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a coloboma present since birth?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a coloboma present since birth."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a coloboma present since birth?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a coloboma present since birth."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a high A1C level indicating poorly controlled blood sugar?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a high A1C level, which indicates poorly controlled blood sugar."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal in right eye (OD) and at goal in left eye (OS). Allergic to Combigan, switched to Timolol. Due to elevated IOP OD, trabeculotomy 360 planned. Risks discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a high A1C level indicating poorly controlled blood sugar?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a high A1C level, which suggests that their blood sugar is not well-controlled."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dorzolamide part of the patient's current treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dorzolamide is part of the patient's current treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dorzolamide part of the patient's current treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, dorzolamine is not part of the patient's current treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields showing signs of progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's visual fields have not shown signs of progression."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates future thinning in OCT, suggesting potential glaucoma. Therapy discussion is suggested. Note documented by scribe. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields showing signs of progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visual fields of the patient are showing signs of progression."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07406.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07406.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a current need for treatment for the patient's eye condition(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that there is no current need for treatment for the patient's eye condition(s)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a patient's multifocal RGP prescription. The patient is advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a current need for treatment for the patient's eye condition(s)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the patient has been prescribed multifocal RGP lenses and has been advised on contact lens care, use of artificial tears, and to have a follow-up for progress evaluation and repeat OCT-RNFL. However, glaucoma is not mentioned in the context. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the current need for treatment based on the patient's specific condition and medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07407.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient possibly being treated with Xalatan for ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient is possibly being treated with Xalatan for ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking Lipitor (10mg), Prinivil (5mg), and Coumadin (2mg & 7.5mg). They've hypertension, syncope, prostate cancer, colon polyp, malignant neoplasm, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient possibly being treated with Xalatan for ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated with Xalatan for ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07409.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently at the goal for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently at the goal for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to a high cup:disc ratio and family history. Both eyes are normal with no glaucoma procedures. Patient has cataracts and dry eyes in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently at the goal for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's IOP is not at the goal for both eyes. The IOP is 24 mmHg in the right eye and 23 mmHg in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07411.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit bilateral optic nerve swelling?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral optic nerve swelling, which means that both optic nerves appear to be swollen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows no visual loss or papilledema, indicating no presence of glaucoma. Topamax tolerance issues noted. Plan to switch back to lower dose Diamox. If headaches persist, consider nortriptyline. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit bilateral optic nerve swelling?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not exhibit bilateral optic nerve swelling, which is a characteristic finding in glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07414.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any complaints about visual acuity?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have any complaints about visual acuity."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any complaints about visual acuity?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient complained about visual acuity."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07414.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07415.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high eye pressure in the left eye (35.1, 34, 18) indicating possible glaucoma. Treatment includes brimonidine, latanoprost, muro 128, and reduced pred frequency. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any form of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient does not have any form of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has high eye pressure in the left eye (35.1, 34, 18) indicating possible glaucoma. Treatment includes brimonidine, latanoprost, muro 128, and reduced pred frequency. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any form of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has glaucoma, as indicated by the high eye pressure in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07416.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient deaf and communicates using American Sign Language (ASL)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is deaf and communicates using American Sign Language (ASL)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has retinal issues and is recommended for cataract extraction and hydrus surgery in left eye. No glaucoma mentioned. Possible lung cancer.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient deaf and communicates using American Sign Language (ASL)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not deaf and does not communicate using American Sign Language (ASL)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07417.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d, borderline thinning in OCT and slightly thin CCT. No family history of glaucoma. Stable appearance of optic nerves, no definitive progression. Yearly follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07419.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent an eye exam. Measured intraocular pressure was 15 in both eyes, suggesting no signs of glaucoma. S/he is a never smoker, uses glasses, and takes multivitamins and valacyclovir. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone strabismus surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has previously undergone strabismus surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent an eye exam. Measured intraocular pressure was 15 in both eyes, suggesting no signs of glaucoma. S/he is a never smoker, uses glasses, and takes multivitamins and valacyclovir. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient previously undergone strabismus surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not previously undergone strabismus surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07421.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Currently controlled with Dorzolamide/Timolol. History of cataract extraction in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate any signs of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image indicate any signs of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye image shows signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis among the conditions mentioned in the patient's note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, rheumatoid arthritis is one of the conditions mentioned in the patient's note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis among the conditions mentioned in the patient's note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, rheumatoid arthritis is not mentioned in the patient's note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastritis one of the patient's diagnosed conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that gastritis is one of the patient's diagnosed conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastritis one of the patient's diagnosed conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, gastritis is not one of the patient's diagnosed conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary note constipation as one of the patient's issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary note indicates that the patient has constipation as one of their issues."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary note constipation as one of the patient's issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the summary note does not mention constipation as one of the patient's issues."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiomyolipoma of the kidney included in the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, angiomyolipoma of the kidney is included in the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiomyolipoma of the kidney included in the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, angiomyolipoma of the kidney is not included in the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07424.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 43-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to the asymmetry of the c/d ratio. She has a family history of glaucoma. No thinning was noted in her recent tests, but a rim defect and scotoma were observed. She has been referred to a glaucoma specialist for further evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a possible mild steroid reaction noted with Flonase use in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a possible mild steroid reaction was noted with Flonase use in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 43-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to the asymmetry of the c/d ratio. She has a family history of glaucoma. No thinning was noted in her recent tests, but a rim defect and scotoma were observed. She has been referred to a glaucoma specialist for further evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a possible mild steroid reaction noted with Flonase use in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not show any signs of a possible mild steroid reaction with Flonase use."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the intraocular pressure be increasing due to retinal injections?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) after retinal injections. This suggests that the intraocular pressure is not increasing due to the injections."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the intraocular pressure be increasing due to retinal injections?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure is stable, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Cosopt as part of their treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was using Cosopt as part of their treatment regimen. However, it is important to note that the patient's condition has improved, and they are no longer using Cosopt."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Cosopt as part of their treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using Cosopt as part of their treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Alphagan for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using Alphagan for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and thin retinal nerve fiber layer. They've had laser treatments for glaucoma and are on dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobunolol. Medication intolerance includes rhopressa, simbrinza and timolol. The intraocular pressure is stable, prescription to continue, and recheck in 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Alphagan for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Alphagan for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07427.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the left eye has been diagnosed with mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has regular headaches and visual field loss in one eye, but there's no clinical evidence of glaucoma. The patient also has basilar apex aneurysm, optic neuropathy and visual hallucinations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye diagnosed with mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the left eye is not diagnosed with mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07428.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of long-term steroid use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of long-term steroid use."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of long-term steroid use?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of long-term steroid use."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07428.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a disc hemorrhage detected in the patient's eye in 2014?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a disc hemorrhage in the patient's eye in 2014."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a disc hemorrhage detected in the patient's eye in 2014?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a disc hemorrhage was not detected in the patient's eye in 2014."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07428.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on any glaucoma therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently on any glaucoma therapy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract and drusen in both eyes, vitreous degeneration, and a history of intermittent horizontal double vision. Additionally, there are borderline open-angle glaucoma findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on any glaucoma therapy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on latanoprost therapy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07429.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Abdirahman A Sahal, is a male with suspected glaucoma based on increased cupping and asymmetry. His family history notes blindness in a relative, possibly due to AMD or glaucoma. Additional factors include partial PVD OD and pinguecula OU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07431.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07433.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50-year-old female with double vision and decreased night vision. Suspected lazy eye, was given prisms. Possible glaucoma. Has taken prednisone for back issues, and a topical steroid for eczema. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing impotence?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a patient with a left optic nerve glioma. It is not directly related to impotence. However, it is important to note that the patient's overall health and well-being should be considered by a healthcare professional to determine if there are any underlying conditions or factors that may be contributing to impotence."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 50-year-old female with double vision and decreased night vision. Suspected lazy eye, was given prisms. Possible glaucoma. Has taken prednisone for back issues, and a topical steroid for eczema. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing impotence?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not experiencing impotence."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07434.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bilateral cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral cataracts, which means that cataracts are present in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bilateral cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, bilateral cataracts are not present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07434.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's eye history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal eye history, which means that there is no indication of glaucoma in the patient's eye history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), worse in the right eye (OD) than the left eye (OS). They have been using Xalatan eye drops. Recent tests show inferior/temporal thinning OD, and IOP is low but unimproved. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's eye history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma, as they have been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and have been using Xalatan eye drops."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07436.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is possible that the patient has glaucoma, as the image shows a suspicious optic nerve head (ONH) appearance. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis would require further evaluation and testing, such as a visual field test and possibly additional imaging or clinical examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. This clinical note mentions several health conditions, including optic atrophy, anxiety, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypothyroidism, and low vitamin B12 level, among others. No mention of glaucoma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It is not possible to determine if the patient has glaucoma based solely on the fundus image and the provided clinical note. The image and report should be used for reference and comparison, but a definitive diagnosis cannot be made without further examination and clinical correlation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitreous detachment one of the conditions mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vitreous detachment is one of the conditions mentioned for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitreous detachment one of the conditions mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, vitreous detachment is not one of the conditions mentioned for the patient in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is shoulder pain a condition noted in the clinical summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical summary mentions shoulder pain as a condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is shoulder pain a condition noted in the clinical summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, shoulder pain is not a condition noted in the clinical summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Ilevro?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently taking Ilevro."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking Ilevro?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking Ilevro."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of the patient having had eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal appearance, which means that there are no visible signs of eye surgery in the retina."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of the patient having had eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fundus image shows that the patient has had eye surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07438.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo surgery for a white cataract in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of surgery for a white cataract in the left eye. The patient underwent surgery for this condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo surgery for a white cataract in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo surgery for a white cataract in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07438.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the YAG capsulotomy performed to address posterior capsular opacification?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the YAG capsulotomy was performed to address posterior capsular opacification."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the YAG capsulotomy performed to address posterior capsular opacification?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the YAG capsulotomy was performed to address posterior capsular opacification in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07438.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of glaucoma in the patient's provided history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's provided history does not show any indications of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having glaucoma and is showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os. Previously unsteroided and no history of previous surgeries. Recommended treatment plan includes lowering IOP to 15 os and adding Timolol. Glaucoma's potential for blindness was discussed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of glaucoma in the patient's provided history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's provided history indicates that they are suspected of having glaucoma and are showing signs of worsening intraocular defects in os."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07439.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of cupping in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of cupping in both eyes in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07439.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have any glaucoma signs been detected in the patient through testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient did not show any glaucoma signs through testing."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure around 20 and central corneal thickness 540. Optic nerve and visual fields in both eyes are normal. Patient also has blepharitis, early cataracts, and a history of radiation treatment for nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Plan involves optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have any glaucoma signs been detected in the patient through testing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect based on the intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness measurements. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, and further testing and evaluation by a healthcare professional are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07440.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's urine sediment and TSH levels are normal, while the uric acid level is unspecified. Both eyes have normal observations with stable disease. The Humphrey visual field shows a moderate mean deviation, and no clear signs of glaucoma are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07441.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc drusen causing scotomas and macular GCL thinning. Stable condition, but would benefit from lowering IOPs to prevent additional vision loss. Currently prescribed timolol eye drops. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was diagnosed with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the left eye (OS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc drusen causing scotomas and macular GCL thinning. Stable condition, but would benefit from lowering IOPs to prevent additional vision loss. Currently prescribed timolol eye drops. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the left eye (OS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with NAION in the left eye (OS) according to the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07442.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudophakia in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudophakia in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have pseudophakia in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07442.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were procedures planned for both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that procedures were planned for both of the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with no confirmed disease, but has thin central corneal thickness. Other initial findings include choroidal lesion, early cataracts, and open gonioscopy. No treatments indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were procedures planned for both of the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the procedures were planned for only one eye, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07445.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, a moderate risk for glaucoma due to a history of blunt trauma, and a large cup:disc ratio. The patient does not currently have glaucoma. Continues on Latanoprost for eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, a moderate risk for glaucoma due to a history of blunt trauma, and a large cup:disc ratio. The patient does not currently have glaucoma. Continues on Latanoprost for eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07445.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, a moderate risk for glaucoma due to a history of blunt trauma, and a large cup:disc ratio. The patient does not currently have glaucoma. Continues on Latanoprost for eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not experienced any eye trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension, a moderate risk for glaucoma due to a history of blunt trauma, and a large cup:disc ratio. The patient does not currently have glaucoma. Continues on Latanoprost for eye pressure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced blunt eye trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07446.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using brimonidine twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient is using brimonidine twice a day in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using brimonidine twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using brimonidine twice a day in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07446.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alphagan3 being administered three times a day in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that alphagan3 is being administered three times a day in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note mentions a female patient with open angle glaucoma, being treated with lumigan. She shows slightly higher intraocular pressure, and her family history includes two sons with glaucoma. She's recommended latanoprost and cosopt, and referred to a glaucoma specialist. Also noted is an immature cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alphagan3 being administered three times a day in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, alphagan3 is being administered once a day in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a post-operative OCT scan, which suggests that the patient has had cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had cataract surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, blepharitis is one of the patient's conditions, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, blepharitis is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07448.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not diagnose the patient with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note confirms the diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07448.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there information about any other medical conditions in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note provided does not mention any other medical conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there information about any other medical conditions in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is information about the patient's medical history in the clinical note. However, it is important to remember that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. Instead, the information should be used for reference and comparison."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07449.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased c/d ratio and glaucoma history in patient's mom & grandmother. OCT & rims appear healthy, but HVF shows non-specific defects. Plan includes yearly testing and a consultation with glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased c/d ratio and glaucoma history in patient's mom & grandmother. OCT & rims appear healthy, but HVF shows non-specific defects. Plan includes yearly testing and a consultation with glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07449.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased c/d ratio and glaucoma history in patient's mom & grandmother. OCT & rims appear healthy, but HVF shows non-specific defects. Plan includes yearly testing and a consultation with glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the summary specified that the patient is taking the bimatoprost/lumigan more than once daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not specify whether the patient is taking the bimatoprost/lumigan more than once daily. However, it does mention that the patient is taking the medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased c/d ratio and glaucoma history in patient's mom & grandmother. OCT & rims appear healthy, but HVF shows non-specific defects. Plan includes yearly testing and a consultation with glaucoma service. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the summary specified that the patient is taking the bimatoprost/lumigan more than once daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient is taking the bimatoprost/lumigan more than once daily."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07450.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, an 85 y.o. female, has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in the right eye, mild in the left eye. Uses Timolol for treatment. Also has rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed brimonidine for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been prescribed brimonidine for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, an 85 y.o. female, has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in the right eye, mild in the left eye. Uses Timolol for treatment. Also has rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and hypertension. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed brimonidine for potential glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed brimonidine for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07452.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary angle closure glaucoma in both eyes, with borderline intraocular pressure in the right eye. They are on medication to lower intraocular pressure. Possible retinal detachment; stable epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's records?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image itself does not provide enough information to determine if there is an explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's records. However, it is important to note that the image is related to the patient's retinal examination, which is part of a comprehensive eye examination. A comprehensive eye examination typically includes various tests and imaging techniques to assess the overall health of the eyes, including the detection of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has primary angle closure glaucoma in both eyes, with borderline intraocular pressure in the right eye. They are on medication to lower intraocular pressure. Possible retinal detachment; stable epiretinal membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an explicit mention of glaucoma in the patient's records?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary angle closure glaucoma in both eyes, with borderline intraocular pressure in the right eye. They are on medication to lower intraocular pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07454.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a 23-gauge vitrectomy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent a 23-gauge vitrectomy in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a 23-gauge vitrectomy in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo a 23-gauge vitrectomy in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07454.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a scleral buckle inserted in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that a scleral buckle was inserted in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient MS. PERSON's examination shows stable afferent, no recurrence of giant cell arteritis symptoms. A superior field defect was detected in her left eye, but no signs of optic neuropathy. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a scleral buckle inserted in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a scleral buckle was not inserted in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07455.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Valtrex 1g tid for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed Valtrex 1g tid for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed Valtrex 1g tid for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed Valtrex 1g tid for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07455.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient continues Combigan treatment, was instructed on medication adherence, and referred for optometry and neuro-ophthalmic care. Artificial tears prescribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07458.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error or presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with presbyopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking levothyroxine and losartan tablets, and using timolol ophthalmic gel. The glaucoma medication indicates a likelihood of the condition. An ophthalmology referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a refractive error or presbyopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a refractive error or presbyopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07460.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient presenting with a nuclear sclerotic cataract in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a nuclear sclerotic cataract in the right eye. However, the patient is presenting with a nuclear sclerotic cataract in both eyes. So, the answer is \"yes.\""}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has borderline inferior thinning and nasal thinning in their right eye. They began using latanoprost to tend to possible glaucoma, had stable intraocular pressure and testing showed few borderline losses. However, their testings show minimal glaucoma changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient presenting with a nuclear sclerotic cataract in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is presenting with a nuclear sclerotic cataract in their right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07461.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear sclerosis (ns) cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of nuclear sclerosis (ns) cataracts in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eyes, pseudophakia, and is a low-suspicion glaucoma suspect due to thin ONH NFL & GCL. Hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia also present. F/U scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear sclerosis (ns) cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have nuclear sclerosis (ns) cataracts in their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07462.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient shows improvement in choroidal folds, no evidence of inflammation or glaucoma found. Plan to start CPAP treatment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07465.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07465.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Xalatan for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using Xalatan for the right eye, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 56-year-old male with migraines and potential glaucoma (enlarged c/d ratio). Has high CCT (567, 562), borderline thinning in oct, full HVF. Oct changes may be myopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Xalatan for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Xalatan for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07470.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a medication regimen that includes 60mg of prednisone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on a medication regimen that includes 60mg of prednisone."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on a medication regimen that includes 60mg of prednisone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on a medication regimen that includes 60mg of prednisone."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07470.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a consultation with a neuro-ophthalmologist recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a consultation with a neuro-ophthalmologist is recommended for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on brimonidine & artificial tears, denies use of BP meds or consistent snoring. Reviewed risk of retinal detachment; low threshold to use latanoprost if changes. No explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a consultation with a neuro-ophthalmologist recommended for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the patient has been evaluated by a neuro-ophthalmologist, and no further consultation is recommended."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07471.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is suspected in both eyes based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 73-year-old white, Hispanic female who does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is not suspected in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07472.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has a history of left optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis, but currently has normal vision and visual fields. No presence of glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma based on the cup to disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07474.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, artificial tears are part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is here for a follow-up. They have a refractive error and mild cataracts, but aren't bothered too much by them. Asymmetric c/d ratio but no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL normal with mild sup and inf thinning. IOP 16/18. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are artificial tears part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, artificial tears are not part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07475.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76 year old male patient has a history of hypertension, rosacea, COPD, and BCC. He is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes as well as potential defects in his right eye. There are also non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes, blepharitis, dermatochalasis, and a history of BCC in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any symptoms of glaucoma present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve, which means that there are no visible signs of glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 76 year old male patient has a history of hypertension, rosacea, COPD, and BCC. He is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes as well as potential defects in his right eye. There are also non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes, blepharitis, dermatochalasis, and a history of BCC in the right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any symptoms of glaucoma present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has symptoms of glaucoma, as evidenced by the increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes and potential defects in his right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07477.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's intraocular pressures within normal limits?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressures are within normal limits."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's intraocular pressures within normal limits?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressures are high, which is not within the normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07481.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on asymmetric nerve appearance with larger optic nerve in right eye. Both eyes have a normal examination with good intraocular pressure, full visual fields, and full retinal nerve fiber layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with progressed glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a progressed glaucoma, which means that the patient has been diagnosed with progressed glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on asymmetric nerve appearance with larger optic nerve in right eye. Both eyes have a normal examination with good intraocular pressure, full visual fields, and full retinal nerve fiber layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with progressed glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with progressed glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07484.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has anxiety over potential angle closure with borderline narrow angle. Underwent lpi od and lpi os procedures. Check-up planned for IOP, HVF, dilation, and disc photos. May need glaucoma drops if condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the procedure performed due to a visually significant cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The procedure was performed due to a visually significant cataract."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has anxiety over potential angle closure with borderline narrow angle. Underwent lpi od and lpi os procedures. Check-up planned for IOP, HVF, dilation, and disc photos. May need glaucoma drops if condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the procedure performed due to a visually significant cataract?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the procedure was performed due to the patient's anxiety over potential angle closure with borderline narrow angle."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07484.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has anxiety over potential angle closure with borderline narrow angle. Underwent lpi od and lpi os procedures. Check-up planned for IOP, HVF, dilation, and disc photos. May need glaucoma drops if condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient have a new disc hemorrhage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a new disc hemorrhage, which indicates that there is bleeding within the disc space."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has anxiety over potential angle closure with borderline narrow angle. Underwent lpi od and lpi os procedures. Check-up planned for IOP, HVF, dilation, and disc photos. May need glaucoma drops if condition worsens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient have a new disc hemorrhage?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not have a new disc hemorrhage."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07486.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is seborrheic dermatitis one of the patient's diagnosed conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, seborrheic dermatitis is one of the patient's diagnosed conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is seborrheic dermatitis one of the patient's diagnosed conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, seborrheic dermatitis is not one of the patient's diagnosed conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07486.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07486.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoporosis among the patient's medical conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a patient with osteoporosis, which is a condition characterized by weakened bones that are more susceptible to fractures. However, it is important to note that the image itself may not directly show the presence of osteoporosis. Instead, it could be related to another medical condition or a diagnostic test. To confirm the presence of osteoporosis, a healthcare professional would typically use imaging techniques such as bone density scans, X-rays, or CT scans, along with clinical evaluation and medical history."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoporosis among the patient's medical conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoporosis is not among the patient's medical conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07486.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any information provided about the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an axial view of the left eye, and it does not provide any information about the patient having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows signs of glaucoma; full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy. Acceptable IOP currently, but needs close monitoring. Cataract surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any information provided about the patient having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is shown to have signs of glaucoma, including full OD, thinning OS superiorly, dilated optic nerve, increased cupping, and optic neuropathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07487.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect referred for consultation. No prior treatment for glaucoma. She has myopia and is a breast cancer survivor in remission. OCT test shows potential early signs of glaucoma. She agreed to a follow-up appointment for monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient sustain a right orbital fracture due to a fall?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a right orbital fracture, which means that the patient did sustain a fracture in the right eye socket due to a fall."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect referred for consultation. No prior treatment for glaucoma. She has myopia and is a breast cancer survivor in remission. OCT test shows potential early signs of glaucoma. She agreed to a follow-up appointment for monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient sustain a right orbital fracture due to a fall?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not sustain a right orbital fracture due to a fall."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07488.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07488.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient applying latanoprost more than twice a week?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient is applying latanoprost more than twice a week."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient applying latanoprost more than twice a week?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not applying latanoprost more than twice a week."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07489.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently advised to use Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently advised to use Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently advised to use Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently advised to use Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07491.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma before this evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been previously diagnosed with glaucoma before this evaluation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been on latanoprost, timoptic xe, and brimonidine for glaucoma with steady progression. Adherence to medication and retinal detachment precautions emphasized. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously diagnosed with glaucoma before this evaluation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been previously diagnosed with glaucoma before this evaluation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07492.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bipolar disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with bipolar disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with bipolar disorder."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07492.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07493.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not exhibit elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07494.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being evaluated for glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph of the right eye, which is being evaluated for glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being evaluated for glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being evaluated for glaucoma due to an increased cup-to-disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07494.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having low tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a preoperative fundus photograph, which is a visual representation of the back of the eye. It is not directly related to the patient's suspicion of low tension glaucoma. However, the fundus photograph can provide information about the overall health of the retina and optic nerve, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of glaucoma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having low tension glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having low tension glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07494.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any recent changes to their vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not experienced any recent changes to their vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any recent changes to their vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced recent changes to their vision, which prompted the examination and tests to rule out thyroid eye disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07494.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone bilateral blepharoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone bilateral blepharoplasty, which means the surgery was performed on both upper and lower eyelids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has carotid artery dissection and ocular surface disease causing eye discomfort. Examination and tests rule out thyroid eye disease. Glaucoma not mentioned. Recommend tears and ointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone bilateral blepharoplasty?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone bilateral blepharoplasty."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07496.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a significant family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a significant family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a significant family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a significant family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07496.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not used steroids for his eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient post cataract surgery, suspected of glaucoma and on Xalatan medication, also has dermatochalasis and trichiasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids for his eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07498.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been informed about the potential for permanent iris color change due to therapy. No evidence of narrow angles, suggestive of glaucoma was found in the exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been informed about the potential for permanent iris color change due to therapy. No evidence of narrow angles, suggestive of glaucoma was found in the exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07499.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a current condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's current condition, including whether glaucoma is present or not."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a current condition for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned as a current condition for the patient in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07500.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07500.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07502.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been experiencing constant symptoms of light phenomena, shaky vision, dizziness while walking, and pressure pain. He has a history of ocular migraines and is low suspicion for glaucoma. Notable issues include vitreous floaters due to head trauma and unimproved chalazion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously told that they have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was previously informed that they have cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been experiencing constant symptoms of light phenomena, shaky vision, dizziness while walking, and pressure pain. He has a history of ocular migraines and is low suspicion for glaucoma. Notable issues include vitreous floaters due to head trauma and unimproved chalazion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been previously told that they have cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been previously told that they have cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07503.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a left homonymous visual field defect and is a glaucoma suspect with asymmetry in cup to disc ratio. However, intraocular pressure is in low teens with no glaucoma medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a posterior vitreous detachment been diagnosed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a left homonymous visual field defect and is a glaucoma suspect with asymmetry in cup to disc ratio. However, intraocular pressure is in low teens with no glaucoma medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a posterior vitreous detachment been diagnosed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a posterior vitreous detachment has not been diagnosed in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed 25mg tablets for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed 25mg tablets for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed 25mg tablets for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed 25mg tablets for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are timolol eye drops part of the patient's glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the patient's glaucoma treatment, which includes timolol eye drops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are timolol eye drops part of the patient's glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, timolol eye drops are not part of the patient's glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has hypercholesterolemia, which is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypercholesterolemia is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not received any immunizations for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female tested for glaucoma. Mild cupping observed in right eye. Intraocular pressure normal. No family history of glaucoma. Visual field test showed non-specific defects. Recommended regular eye examination. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has received immunizations for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07506.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with prediabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with prediabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with prediabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with prediabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07506.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypercholesterolemia is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is known for hypothyroidism and HTN, here for a followup for increased cup-to-disc ratio. Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluctuating VF test performance. Superior thinning in right eye, pseudophakia in both eyes. No glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypercholesterolemia is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have advanced primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser surgery for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition before laser surgery. It is important to note that the patient has not undergone laser surgery at the time the image was taken."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone laser surgery for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone laser surgery for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine part of the patient's current medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's current medication regimen, which includes brimonidine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. lvm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine part of the patient's current medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, brimonidine is not part of the patient's current medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a comprehensive eye exam as a follow-up for suspected glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is undergoing a comprehensive eye exam as a follow-up for suspected glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient undergoing a comprehensive eye exam as a follow-up for suspected glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not undergoing a comprehensive eye exam as a follow-up for suspected glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) of 12 mmHg. So, the patient does not have increased IOP."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient potentially misdiagnosed with Susac's syndrome. Suffering side effects from mycophenolate, continuation discussed. Demonstrates abnormal vasoreactivity, possibly Raynaud's. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no cup-to-disc (c/d) asymmetry present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07512.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 89 y.o. male, suffers from pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (moderate in right eye), anterior uveitis in right eye, peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane in left, corneal scarring in both eyes, and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma medication intolerances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's history does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 89 y.o. male, suffers from pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (moderate in right eye), anterior uveitis in right eye, peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane in left, corneal scarring in both eyes, and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma medication intolerances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07513.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68-year-old female has open-angle glaucoma with moderate severity in right eye, mild in the left due to high eye pressure (IOP 34/26). She has a family history of glaucoma and mild cataract. She was allergic to brimonidine. Treatment includes Rhopressa and Latanoprost. Adherence and lifelong follow-up emphasized to prevent permanent vision loss. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure within normal limits for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) in this patient appears to be within normal limits."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 68-year-old female has open-angle glaucoma with moderate severity in right eye, mild in the left due to high eye pressure (IOP 34/26). She has a family history of glaucoma and mild cataract. She was allergic to brimonidine. Treatment includes Rhopressa and Latanoprost. Adherence and lifelong follow-up emphasized to prevent permanent vision loss. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure within normal limits for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure (IOP) for this patient is not within normal limits. The IOP is higher than the recommended range, which can lead to increased pressure in the eye and potentially cause damage to the optic nerve and other structures, resulting in vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07514.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a tear and a hole in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tear and a hole in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a tear and a hole in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no tear and a hole in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07514.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and optic disc photos planned to be conducted for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT and optic disc photos are planned to be conducted for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 55 y.o. woman experienced trauma to her right eye (OD). She has foggy vision, paracentral and inferior losses, and some periorbital bruising. No glaucoma or retinal tear/holes detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and optic disc photos planned to be conducted for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, OCT and optic disc photos are not planned to be conducted for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07515.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have afferent dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal afferent pupillary response. This means that the patient does not have afferent dysfunction."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have afferent dysfunction?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have afferent dysfunction."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07515.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a repeat lumbar puncture suggested to assess for intracranial hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a repeat lumbar puncture is suggested to assess for intracranial hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a repeat lumbar puncture suggested to assess for intracranial hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a repeat lumbar puncture is not suggested in this case."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07517.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a retinal angiogram, which is a type of imaging that helps visualize blood vessels in the retina. However, without more information or context, it is not possible to determine if the patient has a diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion. The image itself does not provide enough information to make that determination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07517.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma, which is a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if left untreated."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07518.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with increased pigmentation in the optic nerve, which is consistent with a glaucoma suspect. However, it is important to note that increased pigmentation alone is not sufficient to diagnose glaucoma. Further evaluation, including additional imaging and clinical examination, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07519.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PERSON is ready for left eye cataract surgery, previously had right eye surgery. Needs surgical consult. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07520.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, incipient cataracts, and dry eye syndrome. Family history of glaucoma. No glaucoma medication allergies. No history of systemic steroid use, trauma, or kidney disease. Intraocular pressure goal <= 21 mmHg. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Azopt for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using Azopt for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, incipient cataracts, and dry eye syndrome. Family history of glaucoma. No glaucoma medication allergies. No history of systemic steroid use, trauma, or kidney disease. Intraocular pressure goal <= 21 mmHg. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Azopt for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using Azopt for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07521.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Cosopt for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently being treated with Cosopt for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Cosopt for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is currently being treated with latanoprost and timoptic for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07521.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Rhopressa as part of their glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is using Rhopressa as part of their glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is on medication for glaucoma (latanoprost and timoptic) with potential for future surgery (phaco/CPC). No current vision issues. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Rhopressa as part of their glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Rhopressa as part of their glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07522.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed eye protection. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up planned with various tests and dilation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a current need for the patient to use eyedrops for her condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the patient's condition has improved, and they no longer need to use eyedrops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed eye protection. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up planned with various tests and dilation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a current need for the patient to use eyedrops for her condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using eyedrops for her condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07523.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's optic nerves described as anomalous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's optic nerves are described as anomalous in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's optic nerves described as anomalous?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's optic nerves are not described as anomalous in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07524.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking various medications including hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, metformin, omeprazole, and ibuprofen. They have glaucoma, type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is taking various medications including hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, metformin, omeprazole, and ibuprofen. They have glaucoma, type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have idiopathic intracranial hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have idiopathic intracranial hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07526.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the condition and larger CD ratio. Also shows cataract which is visually insignificant. Educated about glaucoma effects. To continue routine checks. Surgery option for cataract declined. New spectacle prescription given.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "There is no family history of glaucoma for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the condition and larger CD ratio. Also shows cataract which is visually insignificant. Educated about glaucoma effects. To continue routine checks. Surgery option for cataract declined. New spectacle prescription given.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07528.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having MS due to numb sensations in extremities and optic neuritis, though vision is stable with no recent evidence of optic neuritis. MRI shows nonspecific white matter lesions that could be demyelinating. No evidence of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having MS due to numb sensations in extremities and optic neuritis, though vision is stable with no recent evidence of optic neuritis. MRI shows nonspecific white matter lesions that could be demyelinating. No evidence of glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient was not prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07529.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient exhibited any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not exhibited any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient exhibited any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07529.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields full?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's visual fields appear to be full, as shown in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's visual fields full?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's visual fields are not full."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07529.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any thinning observed in the patient's retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma, more severe in the right eye. They also have anatomical narrow angles, nuclear sclerotic cataracts, hyperopia, and presbyopia. No trauma or steroid use. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any thinning observed in the patient's retinal nerve fiber layer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's retinal nerve fiber layer has been observed to be thinning."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07531.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07532.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, presbyopia is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a 68 m with a history of hypertension, asthma, etc, is being followed up for glaucoma. He reported 3 episodes of visual disturbance. The diagnosis are migraine aura and open-angle glaucoma, more serious in the left eye than right. Other conditions include dry eye disease, blepharitis, cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, corneal scar, choroidal nevus and refractive error.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is presbyopia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, presbyopia is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07534.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07534.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have macular drusen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of macular drusen in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of ocular hypertension, greater in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is well-controlled on Xalatan. Normal visual fields. Early cataracts and PVD present. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have macular drusen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have macular drusen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07536.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not suspected of having glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07536.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there macular Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) changes noted in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows macular RPE changes in the right eye (OD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Post-phaco surgery doing well with clear visual axis. Stable refractive error, happy with current glasses. Enlarged cup/disc ratio OU with normal intraocular pressure, possible thinning. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there macular Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) changes noted in the right eye (OD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no macular RPE changes noted in the right eye (OD) in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07537.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect, as indicated by the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy, genetic testing pending. Recommended actions include discussing genetic testing for patient's son, requesting old chart, and scheduling follow-up exam. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07538.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have blepharitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient had benign pituitary tumor resection, with history of cupping in both eyes but no intraocular pressure elevation. No clinical signs of glaucoma found, despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have blepharitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have blepharitis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07539.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07539.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) 16 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is 16 mmHg in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has high myopia, cup to disc asymmetry with a family history of glaucoma (mother). IOPs are borderline. There's minor superior thinning OS and lung adenocarcinoma is also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) 16 mmHg in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the IOP is borderline, which means it is slightly above the normal range."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07543.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note pertains to a 63yo assistant clerk magistrate with history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea using CPAP and suspected glaucoma (more in left eye than right). There is slight thinning observed in the left eye. Follow-up is scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any mention of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note pertains to a 63yo assistant clerk magistrate with history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, sleep apnea using CPAP and suspected glaucoma (more in left eye than right). There is slight thinning observed in the left eye. Follow-up is scheduled. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of suspected glaucoma, which is mentioned in their clinical notes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07545.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) at the upper limit of normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The intraocular pressure (IOP) in the image is at the upper limit of normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) at the upper limit of normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is at the lower limit of normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07546.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cholesterol embolus OD, likely old retinoschisis, and history of early life migraines. There was a report of 'abnormal' right carotid artery and previous occipital stroke. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07547.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with bilateral lagophthalmos?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with bilateral lagophthalmos."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with bilateral lagophthalmos?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with bilateral lagophthalmos."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07547.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has cupping been observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that cupping has been observed in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, treated with Diamox 500 mg 2x/day, stable with normal visual fields. Left optic nerve shows mild nasal fullness. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has cupping been observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, cupping has not been observed in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lattice retinal degeneration present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of lattice retinal degeneration in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has numerous health issues like hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, vitamin D deficiency, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease of nail, hammertoe, hyperparathyroidism, stromal carcinoma of left ovary, and hearing issues. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lattice retinal degeneration present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, lattice retinal degeneration is not present in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07550.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on family history. Current IOP is 18/18. He has a large disc area and some eye conditions like dry eye and lattice degeneration. Also found a hypopigmented lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for Gregory Stone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about Gregory Stone's family history of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that family history can be an important factor in determining the risk of developing glaucoma. If you have any concerns about your own risk or the risk for a family member, it is always a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on family history. Current IOP is 18/18. He has a large disc area and some eye conditions like dry eye and lattice degeneration. Also found a hypopigmented lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for Gregory Stone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07552.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's condition is inferred to have glaucoma based on the intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07553.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note involves a patient who had an MRI of the brain and spine to assess for new lesions. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has an enlarged cup:disc ratio been observed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal cup:disc ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note involves a patient who had an MRI of the brain and spine to assess for new lesions. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has an enlarged cup:disc ratio been observed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the enlarged cup:disc ratio has not been observed in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07554.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient underwent a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07554.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a pituitary macroadenoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a pituitary macroadenoma, which is a type of benign tumor that arises from the pituitary gland. The tumor is located in the right cavernous sinus."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a pituitary macroadenoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MRI did not show any pituitary macroadenoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07557.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates the patient has conditions like syncope and acne vulgaris. There's no mention of glaucoma or any immunizations administered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been prescribed latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note indicates the patient has conditions like syncope and acne vulgaris. There's no mention of glaucoma or any immunizations administered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed latanoprost for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed latanoprost for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07558.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes diagnosed with narrow angles?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes in the image are diagnosed with narrow angles."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eyes diagnosed with narrow angles?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image and report do not show both eyes diagnosed with narrow angles."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07558.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on latanoprost for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after 3 months of latanoprost treatment. However, I cannot provide specific details about the patient's condition or the effectiveness of the treatment without more information. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and interpretation of the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on latanoprost for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been started on latanoprost for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that brimonidine is part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient likely has thyroid eye disease, using prism for improvement. No explicit mention of glaucoma. Suggested to maintain current prism prescription for 6 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, brimonidine is not part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of the patient having glaucoma in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient has glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is heart failure part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has a history of heart failure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is heart failure part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, heart failure is not part of the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with coronary artery disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note shows a prescription of 5 medications for both eyes. Contacts for routine and emergency being available, glaucoma is implied. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with coronary artery disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with coronary artery disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07563.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal eye condition, and there is no mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. patient with history of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping. Stable since last exam, no retinopathy detected. Family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mention of potential glaucoma suspect due to eye cupping in the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07565.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of motor vehicle accident, requiring craniectomy and jaw, orbital fractures repair. She wants enophthalmos repair for eye symmetry. There is suspicion of partial 3rd nerve palsy and some optic disc cupping exists, potentially signifying glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Family history of macular degeneration but shows no signs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's eyes after PRK surgery. So, the answer is yes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of motor vehicle accident, requiring craniectomy and jaw, orbital fractures repair. She wants enophthalmos repair for eye symmetry. There is suspicion of partial 3rd nerve palsy and some optic disc cupping exists, potentially signifying glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Family history of macular degeneration but shows no signs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone PRK surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07567.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there carotid artery stenosis present according to the MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The MRI image shows no carotid artery stenosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there carotid artery stenosis present according to the MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MRI shows carotid artery stenosis, which is a narrowing of the carotid artery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07567.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's history of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the presence or absence of glaucoma in a patient's history can be an important factor in the interpretation of the image and the diagnosis of any eye-related conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected to have glaucoma in the left eye with blindness also in the left eye, and low vision in the other eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07569.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07570.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cialis included in the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's medication regimen, but I cannot confirm the presence or absence of Cialis based on the image alone. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the specific medications and their dosages that the patient is taking."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cialis included in the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Cialis is not included in the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07570.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Metformin part of the treatment plan for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Metformin is part of the treatment plan for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Metformin part of the treatment plan for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Metformin is not part of the treatment plan for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07572.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a suspicion of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's retinal nerve fiber layer was monitored through optical coherence tomography. There's no mention of glaucoma. Next appointment scheduled for intraocular pressure check. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no suspicion of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07575.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a history of breast cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a history of breast cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07575.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a female with evaporative dry eyes, meibomian gland disease, primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) with family history, and early cataracts. Tests show thinning in right eye, normal left eye. She is allergic to brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07579.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been diagnosed with traumatic glaucoma in the left eye with elevated intraocular pressure. They have a history of ocular trauma and glaucoma surgery. The treatment plan included stopping timolol use and multiple medications. Glaucoma diagnosis was discussed with the patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Timolol included in the patient's list of medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Timolol is included in the patient's list of medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been diagnosed with traumatic glaucoma in the left eye with elevated intraocular pressure. They have a history of ocular trauma and glaucoma surgery. The treatment plan included stopping timolol use and multiple medications. Glaucoma diagnosis was discussed with the patient. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Timolol included in the patient's list of medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Timolol is not included in the patient's list of medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07580.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye syndrome mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. white female without glaucoma, has night vision and reading difficulties. Visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/30 OS. Family history of AMD, no macular drusen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye syndrome mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, dry eye syndrome is not mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07581.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07581.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient suffers from tension and migraine headaches. A plan of action includes weight management, exercise, diet, and further headache management with a PCP. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently being treated with latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07582.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show any symptoms of illness related to their eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not show any symptoms of illness related to their eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show any symptoms of illness related to their eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is experiencing symptoms of illness related to their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07582.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any comorbidities associated with the patient's eye health?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal fundus, which suggests that there are no visible signs of comorbidities or eye health issues in the patient's retina. However, it is important to remember that a normal fundus does not necessarily rule out all possible eye health issues. A comprehensive eye examination and consultation with an ophthalmologist are essential for a thorough evaluation of the patient's eye health."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any comorbidities associated with the patient's eye health?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has glaucoma, which is a comorbidity associated with their eye health."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07582.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been exposed to any individuals infected with an eye-related illness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been exposed to any individuals infected with an eye-related illness."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The goal for the intraocular pressure is less than or equal to 12 mmHg for both eyes. Patient is currently on Timolol and Acyclovir. A cornea transplant has been suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been exposed to any individuals infected with an eye-related illness?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been exposed to an individual infected with an eye-related illness."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07584.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient planning to undergo surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is planning to undergo surgery, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient planning to undergo surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not planning to undergo surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07585.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent surgery for intraocular pressure (IOP) control and astigmatism, but no mention of glaucoma. Prescription drug regimen continues for stable chronic illness. Regular follow-up essential due to moderate risk of progression. Future surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate to severe glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with moderate to severe glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent surgery for intraocular pressure (IOP) control and astigmatism, but no mention of glaucoma. Prescription drug regimen continues for stable chronic illness. Regular follow-up essential due to moderate risk of progression. Future surgery planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate to severe glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have moderate to severe glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07587.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is suspected in both eyes of the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has narrow angle/primary angle closure with higher risk in right eye; glaucoma suspect but no evidence of glaucoma; IOP increased to 20. Options of cataract surgery or LPI explained. Cataract also present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma suspected in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glaucoma is suspected in the right eye of the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07588.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, intolerances to several glaucoma medications, and a family history of blindness. Treatment includes selective laser trabeculoplasty and alphagan p. Also, the patient has choroidal nevus and cataracts in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any new symptoms since the last examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any new symptoms since the last examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in both eyes, intolerances to several glaucoma medications, and a family history of blindness. Treatment includes selective laser trabeculoplasty and alphagan p. Also, the patient has choroidal nevus and cataracts in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any new symptoms since the last examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported new symptoms of blurred vision and headache since the last examination."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07589.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, seen by PERSON PERSON, is suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes have large optic nerves and cup:disc ratios. No glaucoma procedures done; visual fields are normal. Plan is annual monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of glaucoma in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, seen by PERSON PERSON, is suspected of having glaucoma. Both eyes have large optic nerves and cup:disc ratios. No glaucoma procedures done; visual fields are normal. Plan is annual monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's eyes show signs of glaucoma, as evidenced by the large optic nerves and cup:disc ratios."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07590.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 57yo female presents for 2nd opinion. Complaints of eye discomfort. No pain, vision changes, flashes, floaters. Negative history of eye surgery. Brother has glaucoma. Prior trauma to OD. Borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early glaucoma signs. Elects to monitor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07592.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to a large cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a large cup-to-disc ratio in the patient's eye. This finding is often associated with glaucoma, which is a condition that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. However, it is important to note that a large cup-to-disc ratio is not always indicative of glaucoma, as it can be seen in other conditions as well. Further evaluation and tests would be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma due to a large cup-to-disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio, which is a measure of the size of the optic nerve cup compared to the size of the optic nerve disc."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07592.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a known family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to increased c/d and borderline IOP. Also has early, non-significant cataracts, PVD, ERM, and ocular migraines. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a known family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07594.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph, which is a type of retinal imaging. It is not directly related to the patient's health conditions. However, it is important to note that the patient has hyperlipidemia, which is a condition characterized by high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. This condition can be associated with various health issues, including eye-related problems."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyperlipidemia is not one of the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07594.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The female patient is a glaucoma suspect with family history of blindness due to optic neuropathy. No retinopathy is detected. High intraocular pressure is observed, potentially due to steroid use for stye treatment. She has difficulty with instructions and is fidgety. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07598.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently recovering from a left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently recovering from a left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with moderate glaucoma in left eye greater than the right. Intolerant to brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layer shows thinning in both eyes. Visual fields show superior arcuate in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma. Current medications include Travatan Z, Timoptic-Xe, and Rhopressa. Also has visual aura from migraines and mild cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently recovering from a left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently recovering from a left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07599.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has experienced multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not experienced multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07599.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have glaucoma, as the image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect, which means they have some risk factors for developing glaucoma. However, it's important to note that a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma cannot be made solely based on the information provided. Further evaluation, including additional tests and clinical examination, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07600.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's glaucoma possibly due to a steroid response?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's glaucoma was possibly due to a steroid response."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataract and pseudoexfoliation (pxf) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (iop) is 18/17. Disc and CCT appear normal. Branch retinal vein occlusion in right eye, which is new. Left eye has choroidal nevus. No glaucoma mentioned.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's glaucoma possibly due to a steroid response?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's glaucoma was not possibly due to a steroid response."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07601.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently being treated for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07602.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with a history of steroid response and a family history of glaucoma. Mother had glaucoma and scleritis. No evidence of retinitis pigmentosa was found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sleep apnea listed among the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sleep apnea is listed among the patient's health conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with a history of steroid response and a family history of glaucoma. Mother had glaucoma and scleritis. No evidence of retinitis pigmentosa was found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sleep apnea listed among the patient's health conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, sleep apnea is not listed among the patient's health conditions in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07603.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with severe primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with severe primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with severe primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with severe primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07603.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have both eyes undergone trabeculectomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes have undergone trabeculectomy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have both eyes undergone trabeculectomy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, only the right eye has undergone trabeculectomy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07603.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have both eyes had cataract extraction surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both eyes have had cataract extraction surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient has posterior vitreous detachment with a small retinal tear treated with laser. She has pseudophakia, refractive errors, ocular migraines, and cataract. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Have both eyes had cataract extraction surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has only had cataract extraction surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07605.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The left eye is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the left eye considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the left eye is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07605.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not received any immunizations for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has received immunizations for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07605.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the glaucoma noted during a CT scan related to thoracic surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The glaucoma was noted during a CT scan related to thoracic surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has osteoarthritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, adenoma of large intestine, low back pain, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, overweight, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic sinusitis, asthma exacerbation, and large cell lymphoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the glaucoma noted during a CT scan related to thoracic surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glaucoma was not noted during the CT scan related to thoracic surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07606.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 72-year-old white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma, but she has a refractive error. Advised to return in 1 year or sooner if needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an OCT (optical coherence tomography) scan of the patient's eye, which is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the internal structures of the eye. However, the image itself does not provide enough information to determine whether the patient is suspected to have glaucoma. To answer the question, I would need more context or information about the patient's medical history and symptoms."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 72-year-old white female with no diagnosis of glaucoma, but she has a refractive error. Advised to return in 1 year or sooner if needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07607.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has noncompliance contributed to the worsening of the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that noncompliance has contributed to the worsening of the patient's condition. the image shows a comparison between the patient's condition before and after noncompliance, and it seems that the patient's condition has deteriorated as a result of not following the recommended treatment or recommendations."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to follow their medication regimen, control their blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol. Artificial tears were recommended. Plans for an intraocular pressure check, dilation and disc photos were made. Possible glaucoma is indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has noncompliance contributed to the worsening of the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that noncompliance with the medication regimen, controlling blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol, and not using artificial tears may have contributed to the worsening of the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07609.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old male patient 'Dicky' has severe glaucoma with advanced cupping. Patient self-discontinued medication due to vision blurring. His treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost, and he has cortical cataracts in both eyes.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any change in the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that there has been no change in the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) after the surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old male patient 'Dicky' has severe glaucoma with advanced cupping. Patient self-discontinued medication due to vision blurring. His treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost, and he has cortical cataracts in both eyes.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any change in the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) has been reduced to 15 mmHg."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07609.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old male patient 'Dicky' has severe glaucoma with advanced cupping. Patient self-discontinued medication due to vision blurring. His treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost, and he has cortical cataracts in both eyes.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently using any glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65-year-old male patient 'Dicky' has severe glaucoma with advanced cupping. Patient self-discontinued medication due to vision blurring. His treatment plan includes timolol and latanoprost, and he has cortical cataracts in both eyes.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using glaucoma medications, which include timolol and latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07610.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 72-year-old patient, a glaucoma suspect, has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea. They had two phaco/pciol procedures. Glaucoma is present in their family history. The patient uses brimonidine, and the intraocular pressure remains unchanged. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient prescribed nightly prednisolone for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is prescribed nightly prednisolone for the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 72-year-old patient, a glaucoma suspect, has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea. They had two phaco/pciol procedures. Glaucoma is present in their family history. The patient uses brimonidine, and the intraocular pressure remains unchanged. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient prescribed nightly prednisolone for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not prescribed nightly prednisolone for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07612.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also dealing with atrial fibrillation and flutter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is focused on the retina, which is the back part of the eye. It does not provide information about the patient's atrial fibrillation and flutter. However, it is important to note that the patient is dealing with atrial fibrillation and flutter, which are heart rhythm disorders."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62 y.o. female with narrow angle glaucoma os>od, hyperopia and history of corneal abrasion. No angle closure episodes. Mother had glaucoma. Uses steroid for psoriasis. Lpi needed, plus latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also dealing with atrial fibrillation and flutter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not dealing with atrial fibrillation and flutter."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07613.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with steroids, IVIG, and rituximab for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been treated with steroids, IVIG, and rituximab for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been treated with steroids, IVIG, and rituximab for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been treated with steroids, IVIG, and rituximab for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07613.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for an MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is scheduled for an MRI."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a primary angle closure suspect with glaucoma risk, underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Also presented with mild/moderate cataracts & small nevus. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for an MRI?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not scheduled for an MRI."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07614.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any new visual distortion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any new visual distortion."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any new visual distortion?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported new visual distortion."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07614.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient affected by intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the right eye of a patient with intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The patient is 75 years old."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has astigmatism and cataract ou, and had strabismus surgery as a child. There are no signs of CRVO or NVG. The patient is at an increased risk of bleeding and is planning to undergo a trabeculectomy revision surgery. No mention of glaucoma.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient affected by intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07617.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using dorzolamide-timolol eye drops twice daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using dorzolamide-timolol eye drops twice daily."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using dorzolamide-timolol eye drops twice daily?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using dorzolamide-timolol eye drops twice daily."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07617.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient receive leuprolide injections every 3 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient receives leuprolide injections every 3 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient receive leuprolide injections every 3 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not receive leuprolide injections every 3 months."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07617.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with prostate cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with prostate cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of non arteritic aion and glaucoma, treated with Travatan. They also have a cataract in the left eye. MRI and blood test results are forthcoming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with prostate cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with prostate cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07619.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who is suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. However, the fundus image and the reference report(s) can be used for comparison and understanding the patient's condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07619.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure moderately high?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a moderately high intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note doesn't provide any specific medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses rescheduling a patient's appointment. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure moderately high?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressure is not moderately high."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07621.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have severe pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has severe pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have severe pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07622.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Vyzulta once a night for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Vyzulta once a night for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Vyzulta once a night for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is currently being treated with Timolol 1x/night for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07622.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that Dorzolamide is being administered twice a day in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dorzolamide being administered twice a day in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is no longer prescribed Dorzolamide 2x/day dosage in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07622.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using Brimonidine three times a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is using Brimonidine three times a day for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed Timolol 1x/night for both eyes, and told to stop Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day dosage. Other medications suggested include Latanoprost, Xalatan, etc. Indication of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient using Brimonidine three times a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Brimonidine three times a day for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07623.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses conditions such as hypertrophy of tonsils, poor diet, headache, constipation, polyarthralgia, and abnormal child health exam findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it recommended for the patient to wear protective glasses at all times?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is recommended for the patient to wear protective glasses at all times."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not mention the presence of glaucoma. It discusses conditions such as hypertrophy of tonsils, poor diet, headache, constipation, polyarthralgia, and abnormal child health exam findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it recommended for the patient to wear protective glasses at all times?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not recommended for the patient to wear protective glasses at all times."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07624.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient exhibits cupping in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has nuclear sclerosis, anomalous discs and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in right eye. No sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not exhibit cupping in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07629.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's conditions include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, a colon polyp, gout, primary open angle glaucoma (both eyes, moderate stage), hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and skin discoloration on toe. The patient is taking multiple medications including brimonidine, dulaglutide, and metformin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been started on treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's conditions include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, a colon polyp, gout, primary open angle glaucoma (both eyes, moderate stage), hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and skin discoloration on toe. The patient is taking multiple medications including brimonidine, dulaglutide, and metformin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been started on treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been started on treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07632.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo cyclophotocoagulation surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of cyclophotocoagulation surgery. However, without more information, I cannot definitively confirm whether the patient underwent the surgery or not. The image is meant to demonstrate the results of the surgery, which would be visible in the retinal angiography."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient undergo cyclophotocoagulation surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not undergo cyclophotocoagulation surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07632.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07632.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is prednisolone acetate part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, prednisolone acetate is part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows peripheral non-perfusion areas with no leakage. An OCT showed thinning in the superotemporal. Likely old ischemic area due to occlusion of a macular branch retinal arteriole. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is prednisolone acetate part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, prednisolone acetate is not part of the patient's treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07633.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with atrial fibrillation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with atrial fibrillation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with atrial fibrillation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07633.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma likely secondary to steroids and viral issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the glaucoma is likely secondary to steroids and viral issues. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma likely secondary to steroids and viral issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glaucoma is likely primary open angle glaucoma, which is not secondary to steroids and viral issues."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone diode cyclophotocoagulation (diode CPC)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of diode cyclophotocoagulation (diode CPC) in the patient's eye. However, I cannot directly answer the question based on the image alone. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the patient's medical history and the specific details of the procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone diode cyclophotocoagulation (diode CPC)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone diode cyclophotocoagulation (diode CPC)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has strong family history of glaucoma. Observable symptoms suggest a combination of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and low tension glaucoma. Diagnosis is primary open angle glaucoma. No diabetic retinopathy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07635.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild pigmentary glaucoma, with diffuse loss and small nerves. High myopia. Suggestive of higher intraocular pressure recently. Additionally, has cataract. Taking travatan and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal right eye, so there are no visible signs of glaucoma in this particular image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild pigmentary glaucoma, with diffuse loss and small nerves. High myopia. Suggestive of higher intraocular pressure recently. Additionally, has cataract. Taking travatan and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows mild pigmentary glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended to start latanoprost for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has been recommended to start latanoprost for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's goal is to maintain eye pressure \u226412mmHg in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was at goal on stated date. Possible future treatments include toric phaco/ecp/istent/ phaco/ecp/kdb. Glaucoma wasn't mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been recommended to start latanoprost for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been recommended to start latanoprost for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07637.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any change in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal fundus examination, which suggests that there has been no significant change in the patient's vision. However, it is important to consider the patient's overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation of their vision and eye health."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has there been any change in the patient's vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced a change in their vision."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07637.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced weight loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not experienced weight loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced weight loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced weight loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07637.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was any ocular pathology found in the exams?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the exams did not reveal any ocular pathology."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was any ocular pathology found in the exams?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the exams revealed ocular pathology, which was consistent with the findings in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07637.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not mention glaucoma as a concern for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has elevated left inferior optic disc with superior visual field defect (possible Glaucoma), migraines, and a history of traumatic brain injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned as a concern for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned as a concern for this patient, as indicated by the elevated left inferior optic disc and the superior visual field defect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07640.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient both pseudophakic and aphakic in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient is both pseudophakic and aphakic in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient both pseudophakic and aphakic in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is pseudophakic in the right eye and aphakic in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07640.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's conditions considered stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's conditions are considered stable."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension and is at high risk of glaucoma, with right eye more affected than left. There is a history of elevated intraocular pressure, which has been improved and maintained with medication. No signs of glaucoma progression. The patient's eye angles are narrow, particularly in the right eye, and may need to be closely monitored for changes in future. Also, the patient has right eye amblyopia but is doing well after strabismus surgery. The patient prefers check-ups every 3 months. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's conditions considered stable?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's conditions are considered stable, as there are no signs of glaucoma progression and the patient is doing well after strabismus surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07642.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has physiologic cupping in both eyes with suspicions of glaucoma. However, the low pressure, thick cct, normal hvf and OCT results suggest otherwise. Small ch nevus in the left eye; slight nuclear sclerosis; refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's cup/disc ratio is 0.6, which is considered normal. However, it is important to note that a cup/disc ratio of 0.7 or higher is generally considered abnormal and may indicate a glaucoma suspect. In this case, the patient's cup/disc ratio is below the threshold, so they are not considered a glaucoma suspect based on this measurement alone."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has physiologic cupping in both eyes with suspicions of glaucoma. However, the low pressure, thick cct, normal hvf and OCT results suggest otherwise. Small ch nevus in the left eye; slight nuclear sclerosis; refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup/disc ratio. The low pressure, thick cct, normal hvf, and OCT results suggest that the patient does not have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07643.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with severe, recurrent, bilateral anti-MOG optic neuritis showing new symptoms of nystagmus. Recent improvements after treatment with increased mycophenolate and rituximab. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with severe, recurrent, bilateral anti-MOG optic neuritis showing new symptoms of nystagmus. Recent improvements after treatment with increased mycophenolate and rituximab. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07644.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note shows presence of right peripapillary nevus. Plan includes NMO and MOG testing and follow-up with a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 28-year-old female considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 28-year-old female is considered a glaucoma suspect based on the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note shows presence of right peripapillary nevus. Plan includes NMO and MOG testing and follow-up with a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 28-year-old female considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 28-year-old female is not considered a glaucoma suspect based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07644.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note shows presence of right peripapillary nevus. Plan includes NMO and MOG testing and follow-up with a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not require glasses, as the image shows no refractive error."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note shows presence of right peripapillary nevus. Plan includes NMO and MOG testing and follow-up with a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient require glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient requires glasses."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07645.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes. No past issues with headaches, nausea, or dilation. Normal vision and optic nerve. Discussed angle closure signs. Follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for glaucoma with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's retina before and after latanoprost treatment. However, I cannot provide specific information about the patient's treatment status. To answer the question, I would need more information about the patient's medical history and the context of the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes. No past issues with headaches, nausea, or dilation. Normal vision and optic nerve. Discussed angle closure signs. Follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for glaucoma with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated for glaucoma with latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07645.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes. No past issues with headaches, nausea, or dilation. Normal vision and optic nerve. Discussed angle closure signs. Follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of viral hepatitis C?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a diagnosis of viral hepatitis C."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of having narrow angle glaucoma in both eyes. No past issues with headaches, nausea, or dilation. Normal vision and optic nerve. Discussed angle closure signs. Follow-up needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of viral hepatitis C?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of viral hepatitis C."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07648.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe open-angle glaucoma in left eye, but cause of asymmetry is unclear. Experienced minimal inflammation and had successful surgery. Reaction to medicine but is currently tolerating. Following trab and bleb needle revision, inflammation improved and pressure is low. Also has cataract in right eye/pseudophakia in left and corneal degeneration in left eye with previous significant pain. Treatments planned and vision rehab referral given. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe open-angle glaucoma in left eye, but cause of asymmetry is unclear. Experienced minimal inflammation and had successful surgery. Reaction to medicine but is currently tolerating. Following trab and bleb needle revision, inflammation improved and pressure is low. Also has cataract in right eye/pseudophakia in left and corneal degeneration in left eye with previous significant pain. Treatments planned and vision rehab referral given. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07650.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. female had baseline glaucoma testing. No known family history of glaucoma. Moderate c/d ratio but no thinning observed in RNFL OCT and GCC tests. IOP 18/18. Likely physiologic, requires monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye. However, it is important to note that the severity of the condition cannot be determined solely from the image. A healthcare professional would need to evaluate the patient's medical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests to determine the severity of the glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. female had baseline glaucoma testing. No known family history of glaucoma. Moderate c/d ratio but no thinning observed in RNFL OCT and GCC tests. IOP 18/18. Likely physiologic, requires monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07650.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. female had baseline glaucoma testing. No known family history of glaucoma. Moderate c/d ratio but no thinning observed in RNFL OCT and GCC tests. IOP 18/18. Likely physiologic, requires monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's right eye have a thin inferior rim?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a thin inferior rim in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39 y.o. female had baseline glaucoma testing. No known family history of glaucoma. Moderate c/d ratio but no thinning observed in RNFL OCT and GCC tests. IOP 18/18. Likely physiologic, requires monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's right eye have a thin inferior rim?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's right eye does not have a thin inferior rim."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07651.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient with a family history of glaucoma (mother), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, thick cornea, and history of head trauma, has moderate stage glaucoma in left eye (os) and mild in the right (od). No history of steroid use. Experienced an allergy to Trusopt. Overall, intraocular pressure is stable under medication.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were immunizations administered on the date of the encounter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that immunizations were administered on the date of the encounter."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72-year-old female patient with a family history of glaucoma (mother), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, thick cornea, and history of head trauma, has moderate stage glaucoma in left eye (os) and mild in the right (od). No history of steroid use. Experienced an allergy to Trusopt. Overall, intraocular pressure is stable under medication.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were immunizations administered on the date of the encounter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, immunizations were not administered on the date of the encounter."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07652.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the results of the eye exam normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the results of the eye exam were normal for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the results of the eye exam normal for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the results of the eye exam were not normal for this patient. The patient had headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, which were suggestive of buried drusen. Additionally, there was a visual field defect possibly due to drusen, and the OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking levothyroxine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently taking levothyroxine."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking levothyroxine?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking levothyroxine."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mirtazapine one of the medications the patient is on?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mirtazapine is one of the medications the patient is on."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mirtazapine one of the medications the patient is on?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, mirtazapine is not one of the medications the patient is on."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoporosis among the patient's medical conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteoporosis is one of the medical conditions mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoporosis among the patient's medical conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoporosis is not among the patient's medical conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is phenytoin part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, phenytoin is part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 74 y.o. male with ocular hypertension treated with travatan, currently off all meds. Family history of glaucoma. IOP stable and controlled. Mild combined cataracts present. Non-smoker. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is phenytoin part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, phenytoin is not part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07654.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and was at the main campus for treatment. The note indicates, bilateral chronic angle-closure glaucoma, chronic uveitis of both eyes, macular edema of both eyes, and corneal epithelial defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and was at the main campus for treatment. The note indicates, bilateral chronic angle-closure glaucoma, chronic uveitis of both eyes, macular edema of both eyes, and corneal epithelial defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of age-related macular degeneration?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of age-related macular degeneration."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07654.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and was at the main campus for treatment. The note indicates, bilateral chronic angle-closure glaucoma, chronic uveitis of both eyes, macular edema of both eyes, and corneal epithelial defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and was at the main campus for treatment. The note indicates, bilateral chronic angle-closure glaucoma, chronic uveitis of both eyes, macular edema of both eyes, and corneal epithelial defect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 69-year-old male patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance. He has a history of heart arrhythmia, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep disorder, and neuro-Lyme disease. Other eye issues include small corneal scars, choroidal nevi, senile cataract, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07658.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure but shows no signs of glaucoma. CCT 570 OU, s/p LPI OU, IOP excellent off meds. Stable OCT/VF tests, F/U 1 year, has PCO left eye. Will undergo laser capsulotomy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of primary angle closure but shows no signs of glaucoma. CCT 570 OU, s/p LPI OU, IOP excellent off meds. Stable OCT/VF tests, F/U 1 year, has PCO left eye. Will undergo laser capsulotomy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07661.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being used by the patient for suspected glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that brimonidine is being used by the patient for suspected glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being used by the patient for suspected glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using brimonidine for suspected glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07662.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent multiple rounds of in vitro fertilization prior to developing optic neuropathy with atypical features. It's unclear whether hormone treatment induced an inflammatory event. While no association with glaucoma is mentioned, the optic neuropathy is suspected to be inflammatory. Adjustments are considered for further monitoring and tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient underwent multiple rounds of in vitro fertilization prior to developing optic neuropathy with atypical features. It's unclear whether hormone treatment induced an inflammatory event. While no association with glaucoma is mentioned, the optic neuropathy is suspected to be inflammatory. Adjustments are considered for further monitoring and tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with osteoporosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07663.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a history of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a history of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07663.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the examination reveal that the patient has thick corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the examination revealed that the patient has thick corneas."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 28yo woman evaluated for potential glaucoma. Tilted optic nerves, apparent thinning on oct detected but low suspicion of glaucoma. No family history of disease. Also has myopia & dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the examination reveal that the patient has thick corneas?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the examination did not reveal that the patient has thick corneas."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07664.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking any glaucoma medication once a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not taking any glaucoma medication once a day."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 69-year-old patient with history of open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Risk factors include family history, steroid use, and past trauma. Borderline thinning detected in the optic nerve. High-risk glaucoma suspected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient taking any glaucoma medication once a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is taking glaucoma medication once a day."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan of the patient's eye, which was taken to rule out open angle glaucoma. However, without more information or the ability to view the image, I cannot definitively answer the question. The image is intended to help healthcare professionals assess the patient's eye and determine if there is any evidence of open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of eye illnesses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of eye illnesses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of eye illnesses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of eye illnesses."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been exposed to steroids related to eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has not been exposed to steroids related to eye conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been exposed to steroids related to eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been exposed to steroids related to eye conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient requested to undergo full glaucoma tests?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has requested to undergo full glaucoma tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65-year-old male underwent eye exam frequently showing thinning of retina and non-reliable vision field tests. Diagnosis of ocular migraines and refractive errors. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient requested to undergo full glaucoma tests?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not requested to undergo full glaucoma tests."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07667.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of eye trauma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of eye trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of eye trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07667.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for their eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not used steroids for their eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for their eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids for their eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07668.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high risk involved with therapy or major surgery for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the patient has a low risk for therapy or major surgery. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the specific risk factors and make an informed decision about the appropriate course of action for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with migraines has idiopathic intercranial hypertension post vp shunt. Normal ophthalmic exam, vision 20/15 both eyes, no papilledema. Minimal optic nerve swelling. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high risk involved with therapy or major surgery for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, there is no high risk involved with therapy or major surgery for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07673.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07674.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any issues with their current glasses prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not reported any issues with their current glasses prescription."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has old corneal scars, potential glaucoma due to cupping, a normal visual field, normal ocular coherence tomography (OCT) of retinal nerve fiber layer, high intraocular pressure, and mild cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient reported any issues with their current glasses prescription?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported issues with their current glasses prescription."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed dorzolamide for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed dorzolamide for the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed dorzolamide for the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed dorzolamide for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vyzulta one of the medications prescribed for the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vyzulta is one of the medications prescribed for the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vyzulta one of the medications prescribed for the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, vyzulta is not one of the medications prescribed for the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed brimonidine to be taken three times a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed brimonidine to be taken three times a day."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed brimonidine to be taken three times a day?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed brimonidine to be taken three times a day."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's medication regimen suggest the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's medication regimen, which includes timolol, suggests the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased eye pressure. No glaucoma procedures. Both eyes show full optic nerve, no thinning. History of strabismus surgery. No medications or other health problems. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient's medication regimen suggest the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's medication regimen does not suggest the presence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07678.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07678.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's systolic blood pressure in the 270s?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's systolic blood pressure was in the 270s."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient's systolic blood pressure in the 270s?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's systolic blood pressure was not in the 270s."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07679.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Patient Sanchez have a diagnosis of asthma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is related to Patient Sanchez, who has been diagnosed with asthma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Patient Sanchez have a diagnosis of asthma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Patient Sanchez does not have a diagnosis of asthma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07679.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of Patient Sanchez's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypercholesterolemia is one of Patient Sanchez's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of Patient Sanchez's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypercholesterolemia is not one of Patient Sanchez's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07679.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is backache a condition that Patient Sanchez is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a patient with a retinal detachment, which is a condition where the retina separates from the underlying tissue. It is not directly related to backache. However, it is important to note that the patient may be experiencing other symptoms or conditions, and it is always best to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is backache a condition that Patient Sanchez is experiencing?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Patient Sanchez does not have backache."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07679.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Patient Sanchez been diagnosed with alopecia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an ophthalmological examination, which is focused on the patient's eyes. It does not provide information about the patient's hair or alopecia. However, it is important to note that the patient's ophthalmological examination was normal, which means that there were no visible abnormalities or issues detected in the eyes during the examination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Patient Sanchez been diagnosed with alopecia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Patient Sanchez has not been diagnosed with alopecia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07680.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old female, HIV positive (undetectable viral load), osteoporosis, family history of glaucoma (mother and grandmother). Glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry, but low suspicion as per Dr. PERSON. Other issues: dry eye syndrome, senile cataract, refractive error, occasional allergies. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the left facial numbness caused by a lateral medullary stroke?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the left facial numbness was caused by a lateral medullary stroke."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old female, HIV positive (undetectable viral load), osteoporosis, family history of glaucoma (mother and grandmother). Glaucoma suspected due to cup:disc asymmetry, but low suspicion as per Dr. PERSON. Other issues: dry eye syndrome, senile cataract, refractive error, occasional allergies. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the left facial numbness caused by a lateral medullary stroke?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the left facial numbness was not caused by a lateral medullary stroke."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07681.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mixed mechanism glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with mixed mechanism glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mixed mechanism glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mixed mechanism glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07681.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously undergo SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who previously underwent SLT."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 36-year-old female glaucoma suspect with family history of the disease. She has normal intraocular pressure and high myopia. Potential retina detachment was discussed. Also has suture cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the patient previously undergo SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not previously undergo SLT."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have uveitic glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has uveitic glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have uveitic glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have uveitic glaucoma in both eyes. The image and report show that the patient has uveitic glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also suffer from anterior uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with posterior uveitis. However, it is important to note that the patient also has anterior uveitis. So, the answer would be \"yes.\""}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also suffer from anterior uveitis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have anterior uveitis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cystoid macular edema (CME)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was diagnosed with cystoid macular edema (CME)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with cystoid macular edema (CME)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with cystoid macular edema (CME)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoschisis one of the conditions affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, retinoschisis is one of the conditions affecting the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoschisis one of the conditions affecting the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoschisis is not one of the conditions affecting the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07683.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specifically mention any eye-related conditions for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The summary does not specifically mention any eye-related conditions for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the summary specifically mention any eye-related conditions for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the summary mentions that the patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma and a history of eye trauma. Additionally, the patient is a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07683.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with chronic anemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph, which is a type of retinal examination. It is not directly related to the diagnosis of chronic anemia. However, it is important to note that chronic anemia can be associated with various eye conditions, such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma. A healthcare professional would need to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as perform additional tests, to determine if chronic anemia is present and if it is related to any eye conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma with a history of eye trauma and intolerance to multiple glaucoma medications. In addition, they are a glaucoma suspect in the left eye based on appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with chronic anemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with chronic anemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07684.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 y.o. patient followed up for glaucoma screening; no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and no active pigment dispersion were observed. Glaucoma risk discussed. Patient to be observed for blur/halos after exercise. Also suffers from posterior vitreous detachment and refractive error. New glasses prescribed. To follow up in 1 year. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's history does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 40 y.o. patient followed up for glaucoma screening; no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and no active pigment dispersion were observed. Glaucoma risk discussed. Patient to be observed for blur/halos after exercise. Also suffers from posterior vitreous detachment and refractive error. New glasses prescribed. To follow up in 1 year. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07685.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Man with ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma; IOP 22/20, thin pachy. Prescribed latanoprost for IOP. Also has presbyopia, blepharitis, ptosis, hypertensive retinopathy, and guttae. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Man with ocular hypertension and family history of glaucoma; IOP 22/20, thin pachy. Prescribed latanoprost for IOP. Also has presbyopia, blepharitis, ptosis, hypertensive retinopathy, and guttae. No glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07687.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of traumatic hyphema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a history of traumatic hyphema."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a headache disorder with both tension and migraines, dry eye syndrome, significant astigmatism, and possible mild optic neuropathy. There is no explicit mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of traumatic hyphema?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a history of traumatic hyphema."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07688.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient display cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has cupping in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient display cupping in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not display cupping in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07688.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal visual field?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a normal visual field."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Severe dry eye syndrome in right eye & moderate in left eye, with no improvement. Mild combined cataracts in both eyes. Abnormal visual fields with normal retina appearance. Presence of pterygium in left eye. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a normal visual field?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's visual field is abnormal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07689.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe stage open angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with severe stage open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe stage open angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe stage open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07691.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 43 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Conditions: angioedema, nasal septal perforation, urticaria, obstructive sleep apnea (adult, pediatric). Immunizations given. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 43 y.o. white, non-hispanic male. No glaucoma. Conditions: angioedema, nasal septal perforation, urticaria, obstructive sleep apnea (adult, pediatric). Immunizations given. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07693.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07693.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 63-year-old male patient has primary open-angle glaucoma. His intraocular pressure has decreased from 22 to 18 after undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. No diabetes retinopathy is present, although he has a mild non-visually significant cataract. He was given a prescription for new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07694.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's records?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's records do not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's records?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's records mention that they have stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07695.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the man used steroids for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has not used steroids for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old female with previously diagnosed low tension glaucoma. She discontinued Xalatan and iop dropped to 11 on drops. No family history of glaucoma, normal vision field, low suspicion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the man used steroids for his eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the man has used steroids for his eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07696.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note talks about a patient with bilateral posterior uveitis. Recommendations include routine follow-ups, prednisone taper, and updated glasses. A decision on a CT chest scan is deferred. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did glaucoma medication result in contact dermatitis for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with glaucoma who developed contact dermatitis after using a glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note talks about a patient with bilateral posterior uveitis. Recommendations include routine follow-ups, prednisone taper, and updated glasses. A decision on a CT chest scan is deferred. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did glaucoma medication result in contact dermatitis for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient did not experience contact dermatitis due to glaucoma medication."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07698.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the use of rituximab been recommended for the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the use of rituximab has been recommended for the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient diagnosed due to high lp opening pressure, normal csf constituents, and MRI. She is taking acetazolamide 500 mg bid and lost weight. No signs of glaucoma or papilledema recurrence. IIH controlled. No pituitary adenoma found in MRI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the use of rituximab been recommended for the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the use of rituximab has not been recommended for the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07699.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit thinning in both eyes (os & od)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows thinning in the optic disc of both eyes, which is referred to as optic disc pallor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient exhibit thinning in both eyes (os & od)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not exhibit thinning in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07699.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there inferior and borderline superior thinning observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows inferior and borderline superior thinning in the patient's eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there inferior and borderline superior thinning observed in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show inferior and borderline superior thinning."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07699.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's treatment regimen, which includes latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide. Therefore, the answer is [yes]."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has posterior capsule opacity in left eye. Scheduled for YAG laser capsulotomy. History of cataract surgery. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide part of the patient's treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not use latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide as part of their treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07700.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Marianne D Cotter have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that Marianne D Cotter has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Marianne D Cotter have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the reference report indicates that Marianne D Cotter does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07700.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Marianne undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) intervention?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the right eye of a patient who has undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) intervention."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has dry eye syndrome and possible mild improvement in right eye vision. Likely has NAION due to vascular risk factors. History of amiodarone use before vision loss. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has Marianne undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) intervention?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Marianne has not undergone selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) intervention."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07701.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07703.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Request for scheduling LPI OU has been made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Request for scheduling LPI OU has been made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerance to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerance to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07704.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a generally healthy glaucoma suspect due to cd asymmetry. There's temporal thinning in both eyes. However, the patient denies a family history of glaucoma. There's presence of a mild, not visually significant cataract. Vision blurs after prolonged reading. A follow-up on glaucoma suspicion is recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio, despite healthy eye rim. IOP is 16 (right) and 17 (left). Other conditions: hypothyroidism, cataract, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07711.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 20yo student came for an eye exam due to a sellar mass. She has a refractive error and was prescribed glasses, but doesn't require them. Large c/d ratio indicating possible eye abnormalities but Intraocular pressure is normal. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient considered a glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07713.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the eye image?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image shows a normal retinal appearance, which means there is no evidence of glaucoma in this particular image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glaucoma in the eye image?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient diagnosed with glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The image should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine if there is evidence of glaucoma or any other abnormalities."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07715.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have persistently high intraocular pressure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows persistently high intraocular pressure in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have persistently high intraocular pressure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have persistently high intraocular pressure in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07715.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the high intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye indicative of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the high intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye is indicative of glaucoma. however, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and optic disc cupping in both eyes. There is no elevated intraocular pressure or signs of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the high intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye indicative of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the high intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye is not indicative of glaucoma. The patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, diabetic retinopathy in the left eye, and optic disc cupping in both eyes. However, there are no signs of glaucoma present in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07716.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma. Target intraocular pressure is 18. Has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current plan to monitor the patient's condition without treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, it appears that the current plan is to monitor the patient's condition without treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is suspected of primary angle closure glaucoma. Target intraocular pressure is 18. Has undergone laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Family history of glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the current plan to monitor the patient's condition without treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the current plan is to treat the patient with a target intraocular pressure of 18."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopathy associated with Cushing's disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an angiogram of a patient with Cushing's disease. However, it is not possible to determine if the patient has myopathy associated with Cushing's disease based solely on the angiogram image. Further evaluation and clinical correlation would be necessary to determine the presence or absence of myopathy in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have myopathy associated with Cushing's disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have myopathy associated with Cushing's disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there thyroid nodules present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of thyroid nodules."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there thyroid nodules present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no thyroid nodules present in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with diverticulosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with diverticulosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with diverticulosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with diverticulosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from steroid-induced diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an angiogram of the right eye, which is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels. It does not provide information about the patient's diabetes status. However, it is important to note that the patient is on steroids, which can be associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. To determine if the patient is suffering from steroid-induced diabetes, it would be necessary to consider their medical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from steroid-induced diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suffering from steroid-induced diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypergammaglobulinemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a fundus photograph, which is a type of retinal examination. It does not provide information about the patient's diagnosis of hypergammaglobulinemia. To determine if the patient has been diagnosed with hypergammaglobulinemia, I would need more information about the patient's medical history and test results."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypergammaglobulinemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with hypergammaglobulinemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with heart failure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with heart failure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with heart failure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with heart failure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07719.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having an anatomic narrow angle/primary angle closure in both eyes which are borderline occludable. No glaucoma is diagnosed and the IOP is acceptable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown intolerance to any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown intolerance to any glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of having an anatomic narrow angle/primary angle closure in both eyes which are borderline occludable. No glaucoma is diagnosed and the IOP is acceptable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown intolerance to any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerance to latanoprost, which is a medication used to treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known intolerance to any medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a known intolerance to any medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known intolerance to any medication?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a known intolerance to latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) OCT performed on the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) OCT was performed on the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) OCT performed on the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a full RNFL OCT was not performed on the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a possible superior arcuate defect on the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) suggesting glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a possible superior arcuate defect on the HVF. This finding may suggest glaucoma, which is a condition that affects the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note doesn't provide specific details about patient's diagnoses or mention presence of glaucoma. It mentions potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a possible superior arcuate defect on the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) suggesting glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image and report do not provide specific details about the patient's diagnoses or mention the presence of glaucoma. However, they do mention potential high/moderate risk of visual/neurological complications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07721.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has potential visually significant issues in both eyes and has a history of diabetic retinopathy. Dry eye syndrome noted. Intraocular pressure goals for both eyes are being monitored. Control of blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has potential visually significant issues in both eyes and has a history of diabetic retinopathy. Dry eye syndrome noted. Intraocular pressure goals for both eyes are being monitored. Control of blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07723.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's right eye, which has severe primary open-angle glaucoma. However, the information provided does not mention the left eye. To answer the question, we would need to know if the patient has severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes or just in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07723.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a retinal detachment in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a retinal detachment in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a retinal detachment in the patient's right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no retinal detachment in the patient's right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07723.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's vision issues likely due to phoria breakdown. Tests recommended include Ach receptor antibodies, CBC, FTA, Lyme, B12, folate. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's family history of glaucoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's medical history and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for any condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not used steroids for any condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 71-year-old female with seizure disorder has visually significant cataracts in both eyes, interfering with daily life. She plans to undergo cataract surgery, understanding all risks including potential increased eye pressure and glaucoma. She also has possible glaucoma in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for any condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids for allergic rhinitis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07726.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hyperlipidemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suffering from hyperlipidemia, which is a condition characterized by high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has ocular hypertension, monitored over a period with no reported optic nerve changes. No glaucoma procedures reported. Will continue monitoring off of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) medication. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suffering from hyperlipidemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have hyperlipidemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07727.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is posterior capsule opacification (PCO) a significant concern for the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is not a significant concern for the patient at this time. the image shows that the pco has improved, and the patient is asymptomatic."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is posterior capsule opacification (PCO) a significant concern for the patient at this time?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a significant concern for the patient at this time."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07729.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 54-year-old patient recently had a retinal detachment repair. They're a glaucoma suspect with family history, showing optic nerve thinning and recent pigmented deposit development. No present inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect, which means they have some risk factors for developing glaucoma. However, they do not have a diagnosis of glaucoma. It is important to monitor the patient's condition and follow up with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are disc drusen present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the absence of disc drusen in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are disc drusen present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, disc drusen are not present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's eye examination did not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild primary angle closure in left eye, and a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes. Intraocular pressure is below target and treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy) in both eyes, and the intraocular pressure is below target. The treatment plan includes continuing latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07731.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Requires follow-up, repeat visual field right eye and intraocular pressure tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any noted vision changes associated with the irritation and pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any noted vision changes associated with the irritation and pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any noted vision changes associated with the irritation and pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported vision changes associated with the irritation and pressure."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient wear contact lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not wear contact lenses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 46 year old female, no evidence of glaucoma despite family history. Normal intraocular pressure and suspicious visual fields. Also suffers from asthma, dry eye syndrome, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient wear contact lenses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient wears contact lenses."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07735.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's symptoms suggest a progressive neurological disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's symptoms do not suggest a progressive neurological disorder."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma. Notes reviewed and amended as necessary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the patient's symptoms suggest a progressive neurological disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms suggest a progressive neurological disorder."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07737.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is terbinafine hcl one of the medications the patient is taking?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, terbinafine hcl is one of the medications the patient is taking."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected of low tension glaucoma or early stage of the condition, with some possible early thinning in the eye. There is no known family history of glaucoma. The plan is to start timolol treatment. Other conditions include macropsia, autoimmune encephalopathy, CJD variant, congenital color blindness, stroke, high blood pressure, VGKC antibody syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Patient referred to vision rehab. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is terbinafine hcl one of the medications the patient is taking?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, terbinafine hcl is not one of the medications the patient is taking."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07738.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is netarsudil being administered to both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that netarsudil is being administered to both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is netarsudil being administered to both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, netarsudil is being administered to only the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07739.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any mention of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was initially seen for recurrent abrasion & chemosis os. They have signs of thyroid eye disease & graves' disease (confirmed); reports significant weight loss, high t4, low tsh, elevated total t3. Treatment includes methimazole & artificial tear gel. The patient also has borderline ocular hypertension, but no glaucoma medication is indicated yet. They have a history of possible keratitis od, now healed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the notes mention borderline ocular hypertension, which is a condition where the pressure inside the eye is slightly higher than normal. However, it is important to note that no glaucoma medication is indicated yet."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07740.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of traumatic iritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a history of traumatic iritis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, chronic right shoulder pain, shortness of breath, and hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a history of traumatic iritis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a history of traumatic iritis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have significant cataracts causing image doubling?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a significant cataract in the right eye, which is causing image doubling."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have significant cataracts causing image doubling?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have significant cataracts causing image doubling."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any disturbances in the patient's peripheral vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no disturbances in the patient's peripheral vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any disturbances in the patient's peripheral vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "According to the information provided, the patient's peripheral vision was normal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye a condition noted in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a patient with dry eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dry eye a condition noted in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, dry eye was not noted in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there plans to repeat testing for the patient in 6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that the patient will be tested again in 6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had an ocular penetrating injury with no indication of glaucoma. Treatment included sutures, their removal, and suture-related corneal distortion. He showed good intraocular pressure (IOP) and is considered for a potential penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and contact lens trial. His vision improved to 20/40-2 with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting. He presents no family history of glaucoma and his ocular tests showed borderline results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there plans to repeat testing for the patient in 6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient's ocular tests will be repeated in 6 months to monitor his condition and ensure that there are no changes or complications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07742.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable refractive capability with no change in glasses needed. Ocular hypertension was observed, potentially due to tension, but no glaucoma found. No family history of glaucoma. Nerves are healthy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require a stronger prescription for their glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that the patient may require a stronger prescription for their glasses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable refractive capability with no change in glasses needed. Ocular hypertension was observed, potentially due to tension, but no glaucoma found. No family history of glaucoma. Nerves are healthy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might the patient require a stronger prescription for their glasses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's refractive capability appears to be stable, and there is no change in the glasses needed."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07743.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a potential convergence insufficiency and plans to obtain the patient's records for further investigation. No mentions of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the poor view in the left eye possibly indicate a retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The poor view in the left eye could be indicative of a retinal detachment. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the poor view."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note discusses a potential convergence insufficiency and plans to obtain the patient's records for further investigation. No mentions of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the poor view in the left eye possibly indicate a retinal detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the poor view in the left eye is likely due to convergence insufficiency, which is a condition where the eyes have difficulty focusing on objects close to the nose."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07744.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the OCT image show mild optic atrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the OCT image shows mild optic atrophy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has bilateral optic disc swelling likely due to doxycycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Condition is improving off medication. No signs of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the OCT image show mild optic atrophy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCT image does not show mild optic atrophy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07746.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's HVF test results appear to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, previously had cataract surgery in both eyes, now doing well with 20/20-2 vision in each eye with glasses. They are showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. Eyedrops prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and reduce glaucoma risk. Other conditions: dry eye syndrome, previous chalazion. Currently not taking hydroxychloroquine.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's HVF (Humphrey Visual Field) test results normal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's HVF test results are not normal. The patient has a history of hypertension, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and is showing signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in both eyes with high suspicion of glaucoma. The HVF test results may be affected by these conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07747.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a retinal OCT scan, which does not directly show glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma. The OCT scan can be used to assess the retina and surrounding structures, but it may not directly show the presence of glaucoma. To confirm the diagnosis, a healthcare professional would typically use other diagnostic tests, such as a visual field test or a tonometry test, in addition to the OCT scan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07747.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Actemra for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently prescribed Actemra for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of glaucoma. Current recommendations include various tests and studies for hypercoagulability and vasospasm, continuing aspirin 81mg, and regular clinical visits. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently prescribed Actemra for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently prescribed Actemra."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07749.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to continue with brimonidine treatment. Discussions were had on proceeding with yag capsulotomy, with potential risks including infection, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Patient isn't diabetic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids which may contribute to their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a posterior uveal mass and a macular lesion. However, it is not possible to determine if the patient has used steroids or not. To answer the question, I would need more information about the patient's medical history and any treatments they may have received."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was advised to continue with brimonidine treatment. Discussions were had on proceeding with yag capsulotomy, with potential risks including infection, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Patient isn't diabetic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids which may contribute to their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not used steroids."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07754.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of tuberculum sellae meningioma and is a glaucoma suspect due to a large cup to disc ratio. Her vision is stable, eye pressures are controlled, and MRI shows no changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure reported to be very low in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is reported to be very low in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of tuberculum sellae meningioma and is a glaucoma suspect due to a large cup to disc ratio. Her vision is stable, eye pressures are controlled, and MRI shows no changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure reported to be very low in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure is reported to be normal in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07759.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note describes borderline inferior thinning and superonasal quadrantanopia potentially obscuring early glaucomatous findings. Despite good intraocular pressure, thinning persists. Glaucoma evaluation recommended. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07760.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07760.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's diagnoses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hyperlipidemia is one of the patient's diagnoses."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient advised on medication adherence and blood parameter controls. Retinal detachment precautions reviewed. Next visit includes IOP check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperlipidemia one of the patient's diagnoses?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyperlipidemia is not one of the patient's diagnoses."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any ocular trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal angio-CT scan, which means that there is no evidence of ocular trauma in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient experienced any ocular trauma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has experienced ocular trauma, which is why they are presenting to the clinic."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation (PXF)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal retinal examination, which means that the patient does not have pseudoexfoliation (PXF)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have pseudoexfoliation (PXF)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has pseudoexfoliation (PXF)."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diabetic (DM)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not diabetic."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diabetic (DM)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is diabetic."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being considered for or has undergone Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who is being considered for Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is concerned their visual field issue may be due to cataracts, not glaucoma. Plan to proceed with left eye cataract extraction. May lower intraocular pressure if needed. Return to glaucoma clinic post-procedure. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being considered for or has undergone Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone MIGS."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07763.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has PERSON A Milas been exposed to steroids that could affect their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal ocular examination for PERSON A, which means that there are no visible signs of ocular damage or abnormalities. However, it is important to note that the patient has been exposed to steroids. To fully assess the potential impact of steroid exposure on the patient's ocular condition, it would be necessary to consider the patient's medical history, symptoms, and any additional information available."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect based on eye cupping but has shown no evidence of glaucoma in testing. With a goal intraocular pressure of less than 18, the current level is great. The patient has mild cataracts and hsv keratitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has PERSON A Milas been exposed to steroids that could affect their ocular condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PERSON A has been exposed to steroids that could potentially affect their ocular condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07767.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost to control their IOP?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using latanoprost to control their intraocular pressure (IOP)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost to control their IOP?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost to control their IOP."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07767.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a focus on medication adherence for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is focused on medication adherence for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 52 y.o. female has a right optic neuropathy due to past trauma. Progressive vision loss is of concern, potentially from glaucoma due to family history. No signs of glaucoma detected yet. Interested in glaucoma evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a focus on medication adherence for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's medication adherence was focused on, as it was suspected that the patient might not be taking her medications as prescribed."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07768.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient already undergone cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not undergone cataract surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient already undergone cataract surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has already undergone cataract surgery in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07768.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's history does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, previously seen by Dr. Person at a specific location, referred from uveitis specialist. Frustrated after multiple surgeries. Goal of intraocular pressure less than 17 mmhg for right eye, and 14 mmhg for left. Presence of glaucoma is inferred from intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of glaucoma, as inferred from the intraocular pressure goals and planned procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07769.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64 y.o. patient has history of bilateral canaliculoplasty, lacrimal intubation, and seborrheic keratosis. She is a low-tension glaucoma suspect using Timolol but showed no signs of glaucoma on recent testing. Also has dry AMD and incipient cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07770.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed cataract surgery for both eyes, and the risks were explained, including pain, infection, visual issues, and the potential need for further surgeries. The benefits of improved vision and intraocular pressure control were also discussed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the return to the glaucoma clinic indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The return to the glaucoma clinic suggests that the patient may have been diagnosed with glaucoma or is at risk for developing the condition. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis would require further evaluation and testing by a healthcare professional."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed cataract surgery for both eyes, and the risks were explained, including pain, infection, visual issues, and the potential need for further surgeries. The benefits of improved vision and intraocular pressure control were also discussed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the return to the glaucoma clinic indicate the presence of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the return to the glaucoma clinic does not necessarily indicate the presence of glaucoma. It could be related to a follow-up appointment or a routine check-up. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and any additional information to better understand the context of the return visit."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07771.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using timolol for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using timolol for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 73 y.o. male with a history of diabetes & depression undergoing follow-up for dry eye. No diabetic retinopathy observed. Borderline thinning inferiorly. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using timolol for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using timolol for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07772.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is refractive care part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, refractive care is part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is refractive care part of the patient's treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, refractive care is not part of the patient's treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07772.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma directly mentioned in the patient's notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's notes do not directly mention glaucoma. However, the image provided shows a visual field test, which is a common diagnostic tool used to assess glaucoma. The visual field test results can help identify any potential glaucoma or other visual field abnormalities."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has ocular hypertension with narrow angles in both eyes, but intraocular pressure is acceptable. Both eyes have undergone laser peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy for glaucoma. The patient also has early, dry age-related macular degeneration in both eyes and is recommended AREDS with retinal referral. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma directly mentioned in the patient's notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is directly mentioned in the patient's notes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07773.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a choroidal nevus present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a choroidal nevus in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows no evidence of optic nerve damage from a pituitary adenoma. Normal visual function, field tests, and optic nerve head appearance. No glaucoma present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a choroidal nevus present in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no choroidal nevus present in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07776.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Sueli Benisio, is a suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry and mild ocular hypertension in the left eye. She has been monitored since her glaucoma evaluation but no treatment plan was initiated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed timolol for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been prescribed timolol, which is a medication used to treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Sueli Benisio, is a suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry and mild ocular hypertension in the left eye. She has been monitored since her glaucoma evaluation but no treatment plan was initiated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed timolol for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed timolol for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07776.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Sueli Benisio, is a suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry and mild ocular hypertension in the left eye. She has been monitored since her glaucoma evaluation but no treatment plan was initiated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed latanoprost for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been prescribed latanoprost for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, Sueli Benisio, is a suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry and mild ocular hypertension in the left eye. She has been monitored since her glaucoma evaluation but no treatment plan was initiated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been prescribed latanoprost for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been prescribed latanoprost for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07777.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any symptoms of glaucoma present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve, which means there are no visible signs of glaucoma. However, it is important to remember that a normal optic nerve appearance on an MRI does not necessarily rule out glaucoma, as the disease may not be visible on an MRI or may be in its early stages. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has mild cataract, dry eyes, and suspicious optical coherence tomography & visual field tests. There's suspicion of glaucoma, hence a referral was made. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any symptoms of glaucoma present in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are symptoms of glaucoma present in the patient, as mentioned in the referral."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye diagnosed with moderate primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the right eye is diagnosed with moderate primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye diagnosed with moderate primary open angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the right eye is not diagnosed with moderate primary open angle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Lumigan one of the medications being used to treat the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that Lumigan is one of the medications being used to treat the patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Lumigan one of the medications being used to treat the patient's glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Lumigan is not one of the medications being used to treat the patient's glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also being treated with Simbrinza for their glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also being treated with Simbrinza for their glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also being treated with Simbrinza for their glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated with Simbrinza for their glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07779.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Brimonidine part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Brimonidine is part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 71-year-old female patient has a history of hsvk od, ocular hypertension with borderline iop at 21, type 2 diabetes, hsv keratitis od, cataract os, and pvd os. No clear signs of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy stated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Brimonidine part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Brimonidine is not part of the patient's glaucoma treatment regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07780.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. The fundus image and the reference report indicate that the patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first, and no toric lens is needed."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07780.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma stage classified as severe in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glaucoma stage is classified as severe in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma stage classified as severe in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glaucoma stage is classified as severe in the right eye and moderate in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07780.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a retinal detachment in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not had a retinal detachment in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07780.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient exhibited intolerance to any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has not exhibited intolerance to any glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's left eye is targeted for distance with CE/IOL planned first. No toric lens needed. No evidence of Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, post-refractive surgery, trypan, iris hooks/Malyugan ring, blood thinners, or glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient exhibited intolerance to any glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has exhibited intolerance to latanoprost, which is a medication used to treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07781.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66yo patient has a history of various conditions including hypercholesterolemia, PERSON's syndrome, GERD, depression, and recurrent erosion syndrome. They also underwent various surgical procedures. No presence of glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have bilateral orbital metastases?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral orbital metastases, which means that there are metastatic lesions in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 66yo patient has a history of various conditions including hypercholesterolemia, PERSON's syndrome, GERD, depression, and recurrent erosion syndrome. They also underwent various surgical procedures. No presence of glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have bilateral orbital metastases?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have bilateral orbital metastases."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07783.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o female patient has refractive error and was given glasses prescription. The dilated episcleral vessel, large c/d ratio and IOP are normal. Non-specific HVF results with some unreliable findings. Normal OCT RNFL. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the OCT RNFL indicate a borderline thin diameter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The OCT RNFL image shows a normal thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). It does not indicate a borderline thin diameter."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 47 y.o female patient has refractive error and was given glasses prescription. The dilated episcleral vessel, large c/d ratio and IOP are normal. Non-specific HVF results with some unreliable findings. Normal OCT RNFL. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the OCT RNFL indicate a borderline thin diameter?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCT RNFL did not indicate a borderline thin diameter."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07784.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there higher intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye compared to the left?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows higher intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye compared to the left."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 50-year-old female patient has myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. She also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has an incipient cataract. Her optic nerves are normal. There's no mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there higher intraocular pressure in the patient's right eye compared to the left?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressure is the same in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07786.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high myopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 51 y.o. male, researcher, has ocular hypertension with max IOP of 25/25 and normal OCT RNFL. Mild pigment dispersion and moderate angle pigmentation observed. Mother has mild glaucoma. Also has dry eyes and refractive error. Prescribed latanoprost. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high myopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have high myopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07789.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's key issues include congenital optic nerve anomaly, migraines, mild convergence insufficiency, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and pseudoseizures. There is no sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a right-sided afferent pupillary defect noted in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a right-sided afferent pupillary defect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's key issues include congenital optic nerve anomaly, migraines, mild convergence insufficiency, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and pseudoseizures. There is no sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a right-sided afferent pupillary defect noted in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no right-sided afferent pupillary defect noted in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07789.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's key issues include congenital optic nerve anomaly, migraines, mild convergence insufficiency, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and pseudoseizures. There is no sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both of the patient's optic nerves showing signs of cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that both of the patient's optic nerves are showing signs of cupping."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's key issues include congenital optic nerve anomaly, migraines, mild convergence insufficiency, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and pseudoseizures. There is no sign of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both of the patient's optic nerves showing signs of cupping?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that only the right optic nerve is showing signs of cupping."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07791.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, knee osteoarthritis, malignant sigmoid colon tumor, hypercholesterolemia, vitamin D deficiency, and non-morbid obesity. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glaucoma medications prepared for the patient in case of an attack?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that glaucoma medications are prepared for the patient in case of an attack."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, knee osteoarthritis, malignant sigmoid colon tumor, hypercholesterolemia, vitamin D deficiency, and non-morbid obesity. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glaucoma medications prepared for the patient in case of an attack?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma, so glaucoma medications are not prepared for them."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07792.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma a current concern for this patient as mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who had glaucoma in the past, but it is not the current concern. The current concern for this patient is the presence of a cataract in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59-year-old patient with history of endocarditis, diabetes, smoking, COPD, hepatitis B/C, and incarceration. Patient had ophthalmic examinations with findings hinting at glaucoma change in one eye but no final diagnosis. No family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma a current concern for this patient as mentioned in the summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is a current concern for this patient, as mentioned in the summary."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07793.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07793.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient shows symptoms suggestive of glaucoma - cupping, but no elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal hvf. Also has dry, non-significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is proptosis a symptom present in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with proptosis, which is the abnormal protrusion or bulging of the eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is proptosis a symptom present in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, proptosis is not a symptom present in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently smoking?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently smoking."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently smoking?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently smoking."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis or dry eye a condition the patient is suffering from?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suffering from blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has disc edema (left eye more than right), optic nerve head elevation, migraine with visual aura, and residual tumor. A possible embolus in the right eye is likely a thickened wall. No glaucoma noted. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is blepharitis or dry eye a condition the patient is suffering from?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have blepharitis or dry eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07795.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen by Dr. Person, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure in the 15 range. No current treatment. Normal optic nerves and visual fields. No family history. Has hypothyroidism. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a goal intraocular pressure been established for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a goal intraocular pressure (IOP) has been established for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient first seen by Dr. Person, diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with intraocular pressure in the 15 range. No current treatment. Normal optic nerves and visual fields. No family history. Has hypothyroidism. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has a goal intraocular pressure been established for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a goal intraocular pressure has not been established for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07797.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with more severe symptoms in the right eye (OD) than in the left (OS). There are issues with medication compliance. A visually significant cataract in the left eye has been noted, and surgery is desired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with more severe symptoms in the right eye (OD) than in the left (OS). There are issues with medication compliance. A visually significant cataract in the left eye has been noted, and surgery is desired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have mild primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07798.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, influenced by age, giant cell arteritis, and family history (daughter has glaucoma). Previous central retinal vein occlusion led to neovascular glaucoma. The patient's intraocular pressure is normal. Past steroid injection caused high intraocular pressure. Continual monitoring is advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient currently have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07805.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with hypothyroidism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with hypothyroidism."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07805.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's eye summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's eye summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07806.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient needs additional IOP lowering medications due to insufficient IOP decrease. Potential complications include scarring, prolonged inflammation, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Post-surgery, left-eye visual field to be tested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Pilocarpine prescribed to be taken four times a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that Pilocarpine is prescribed to be taken four times a day for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient needs additional IOP lowering medications due to insufficient IOP decrease. Potential complications include scarring, prolonged inflammation, retinal detachment, and vision loss. Post-surgery, left-eye visual field to be tested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Pilocarpine prescribed to be taken four times a day for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Pilocarpine is prescribed to be taken four times a day for the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07807.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma with risk factors including familial suspicion. There's no history of long-term steroid use or trauma. They haven't undergone any glaucoma procedures or taken any medication for it. They've been diagnosed with a dermal nevus, central serous retinopathy, and non-visually significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a suspect for open-angle glaucoma with risk factors including familial suspicion. There's no history of long-term steroid use or trauma. They haven't undergone any glaucoma procedures or taken any medication for it. They've been diagnosed with a dermal nevus, central serous retinopathy, and non-visually significant cataracts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07808.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, mild dry eye, Parkinson's & blurred vision. Asymmetric c:d and normal IOP. No symptoms of glaucoma despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to return for a follow-up in less than 6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been advised to return for a follow-up in less than 6 months."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 72 y.o. female with pseudophakia, mild dry eye, Parkinson's & blurred vision. Asymmetric c:d and normal IOP. No symptoms of glaucoma despite family history. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to return for a follow-up in less than 6 months?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to return for a follow-up in less than 6 months."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07810.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07810.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye currently controlled with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, it appears that the glaucoma in the left eye is currently controlled with latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glaucoma in the left eye currently controlled with latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glaucoma in the left eye is not currently controlled with latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07810.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new defect in the visual field detected in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a new defect in the visual field was detected in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 64-year-old female with a history of suspected open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pachymetry (532/510), Tmax (24/24). No family history of glaucoma. Shows early nasal thinning in left eye. Stable condition. No need for eye drop therapy currently. Also has peripherial vitreous detachment in right eye, cataract in both eyes but not severe. Has hypothyroidism and takes daily Aspirin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a new defect in the visual field detected in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, a new defect in the visual field was not detected in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07811.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not mention glaucoma. However, it does mention a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old woman has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye with stable intraocular pressure (IOP). She is on Xalatan. Also, she has a non-significant cataract in her right eye, stable artificial intraocular lens in her left eye, and resolved disc hemorrhaging in her right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note diagnose the patient with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates that the patient has low-tension glaucoma in her left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07816.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is back pain one of the conditions reported by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient reported experiencing back pain."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is back pain one of the conditions reported by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, back pain is not one of the conditions reported by the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07816.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glossitis one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glossitis is one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 37-year-old white male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. He has been recorded as having a smoking status of 'never smoker' and no known allergies. He visited primarily for diplopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glossitis one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, glossitis is not one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07818.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma with the medication, Timolol. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is being monitored. Next glaucoma clinic visit planned for future date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Travatan Z (travoprost) 0.004% drops for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently using Travatan Z (travoprost) 0.004% drops for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma with the medication, Timolol. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is being monitored. Next glaucoma clinic visit planned for future date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Travatan Z (travoprost) 0.004% drops for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is currently using Timolol 0.5% drops for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07818.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma with the medication, Timolol. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is being monitored. Next glaucoma clinic visit planned for future date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the left eye of a patient who has undergone laser trabeculoplasty."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma with the medication, Timolol. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is being monitored. Next glaucoma clinic visit planned for future date. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not received laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07820.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Blood work done at local facility. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's clinical notes do not show any indication of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Blood work done at local facility. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of glaucoma in the patient's clinical notes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's clinical notes mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07821.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show a 6mm optic disc?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The eye image shows a 6mm optic disc."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the eye image show a 6mm optic disc?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye image does not show a 6mm optic disc."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07821.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hypercholesterolemia is one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient with a history of lower back pain came in for a possible bilateral disc edema check. No visual symptoms present. Dilated fundus exam showed slight optic nerve tilting but no disc edema. OCT of RNFL indicated areas of thinning due to testing artifact. Patient may have radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure but no characteristic symptoms or risk factors identified, patient will be monitored. No presence of glaucoma indicated. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypercholesterolemia one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypercholesterolemia is not one of the conditions mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07823.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about a medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma. It only contains instructions for account activation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide any details about a medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma. It only contains instructions for account activation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any intolerances to glaucoma medications?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has shown intolerances to glaucoma medications."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07826.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44yo female with hyperthyroidism presenting with numbness, tingling, visual field defect and poor color vision in right eye (OD). Question of glaucoma related to thyroid eye disease. Needs neuro-op referral & glaucoma evaluation. Also has cataract and dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient HIV positive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is HIV positive."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44yo female with hyperthyroidism presenting with numbness, tingling, visual field defect and poor color vision in right eye (OD). Question of glaucoma related to thyroid eye disease. Needs neuro-op referral & glaucoma evaluation. Also has cataract and dry eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient HIV positive?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not HIV positive."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07827.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient with tearing and discomfort in left eye, possibly due to allergies or dry eye. Patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance factors. Family history of glaucoma. No vision loss or retina changes observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07828.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lisinopril part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lisinopril is part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lisinopril part of the patient's medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, lisinopril is not part of the patient's medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07828.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has a diagnosis of hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient evaluated for bilateral disc edema, diagnosed with tilted optic discs, myopia and dry eye syndrome. No evidence of glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure. Recommended artificial tears and follow-up exam. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07831.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with a family history of glaucoma and high intraocular pressure (IOP) suspected of glaucoma, underwent screening tests. Treated with Travatan, current IOP approx. 20. Both eyes normal in OCT, HVF shows non-specific defects. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the focus of the clinical note on the support team's contact methods?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the focus of the clinical note appears to be on the support team's contact methods."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with a family history of glaucoma and high intraocular pressure (IOP) suspected of glaucoma, underwent screening tests. Treated with Travatan, current IOP approx. 20. Both eyes normal in OCT, HVF shows non-specific defects. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the focus of the clinical note on the support team's contact methods?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the focus of the clinical note is on the patient's fundus image and the results of the screening tests."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07835.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataracts, recommended glasses over extraction. Left eye narrower, discussed laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) enlargement. Risks of LPI include worsened glaucoma. Agreed to proceed with LPI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed Xalatan for intraocular pressure management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was prescribed Xalatan for intraocular pressure management."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild cataracts, recommended glasses over extraction. Left eye narrower, discussed laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) enlargement. Risks of LPI include worsened glaucoma. Agreed to proceed with LPI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the patient prescribed Xalatan for intraocular pressure management?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient was prescribed glasses instead of Xalatan for intraocular pressure management."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07837.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a female identified as a glaucoma suspect, has risks like family history, c/d asymmetry & history of migraines. Reports dry eyes, corneal scar & latent hyperopia with astigmatism & presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. This means that the patient does not have ocular hypertension, as the IOP is within the normal range."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient, a female identified as a glaucoma suspect, has risks like family history, c/d asymmetry & history of migraines. Reports dry eyes, corneal scar & latent hyperopia with astigmatism & presbyopia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07838.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with stable non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes and controlled hyperlipidemia. No signs of glaucoma or intracranial abnormalities. Participating in visual rehabilitation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have recurrent erosion syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after treatment for recurrent erosion syndrome. However, I cannot provide a definitive answer without more information or context. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the patient's current status and whether the treatment has been successful in managing the condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with stable non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes and controlled hyperlipidemia. No signs of glaucoma or intracranial abnormalities. Participating in visual rehabilitation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have recurrent erosion syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have recurrent erosion syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07838.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with stable non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes and controlled hyperlipidemia. No signs of glaucoma or intracranial abnormalities. Participating in visual rehabilitation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of glaucoma in the patient due to an enlarged cup to disk ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that there is a suspicion of glaucoma in the patient due to an enlarged cup to disk ratio."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient with stable non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes and controlled hyperlipidemia. No signs of glaucoma or intracranial abnormalities. Participating in visual rehabilitation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a suspicion of glaucoma in the patient due to an enlarged cup to disk ratio?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a suspicion of glaucoma due to an enlarged cup to disk ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07840.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoarthritis one of the other conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate exfoliation glaucoma and gon OS, with a history of glaucoma procedures performed on the left eye. Also identified age-related cataract OD, pseudophakia OS, and bradycardia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoarthritis one of the other conditions the patient has?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoarthritis is not one of the other conditions the patient has."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07841.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient tested negative for NMO/MOG and nutritional issues; genetic test results are pending. Convergence insufficiency is asymptomatic. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient tested negative for NMO/MOG and nutritional issues; genetic test results are pending. Convergence insufficiency is asymptomatic. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07842.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 19 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Follow-up required after nerve resection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07844.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent posterior capsulotomy in right eye. No strabismus found. Patient has astigmatism, improving with new glasses but having issues with large-frame sunglasses. Referred to glaucoma follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone cataract surgery resulting in artificial lens implants?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has undergone cataract surgery resulting in artificial lens implants."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent posterior capsulotomy in right eye. No strabismus found. Patient has astigmatism, improving with new glasses but having issues with large-frame sunglasses. Referred to glaucoma follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone cataract surgery resulting in artificial lens implants?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone cataract surgery resulting in artificial lens implants."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07844.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent posterior capsulotomy in right eye. No strabismus found. Patient has astigmatism, improving with new glasses but having issues with large-frame sunglasses. Referred to glaucoma follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Plaquenil?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using Plaquenil."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient underwent posterior capsulotomy in right eye. No strabismus found. Patient has astigmatism, improving with new glasses but having issues with large-frame sunglasses. Referred to glaucoma follow-up. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Plaquenil?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using Plaquenil."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07846.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate a dense left homonymous hemianopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates a dense left homonymous hemianopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate a dense left homonymous hemianopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clinical note does not indicate a dense left homonymous hemianopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07846.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a post-operative fundus photograph, and it does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma after evaluation. Note prepared with assistance of a PGY-2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned in the clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07848.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is experiencing vision decrease, lightheadedness and face numbness. Additional Avastin treatment is suggested. A central retinal vein occlusion is noted. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's symptoms related to retinal issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's symptoms are not related to retinal issues."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is experiencing vision decrease, lightheadedness and face numbness. Additional Avastin treatment is suggested. A central retinal vein occlusion is noted. No glaucoma is mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the patient's symptoms related to retinal issues?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's symptoms of vision decrease, lightheadedness, and face numbness are related to retinal issues, as indicated by the central retinal vein occlusion noted in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerves cupped?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optic nerves appear to be cupped in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the optic nerves cupped?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the optic nerves in the image do not appear to be cupped."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there field loss present in the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is field loss present in the eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there field loss present in the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no field loss present in the eyes, as mentioned in the report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning that could align with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) that could align with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ms. PERSON experiences flickering sensation in certain lights, unconnected to headaches. Examinations, including MRI and OCT, showed no pathology. Symptoms improving, further workup not advised. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thinning that could align with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no thinning that could align with glaucoma in the image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07850.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in both eyes of the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient discussed retinal detachment and monocular precautions, mild cataract os, and possible myopia confounder os. Therapy for unclear vision planned. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio in both eyes of the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the large cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio is observed in only one eye of the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient also has hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient also have hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastroesophageal reflux disease one of the conditions mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the conditions mentioned for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated with latanoprost (Xalatan), indicative of possible glaucoma . They also have kidney stone, male erectile disorder, visual impairment, renal function impairment, tachycardia and a history of right hip replacement. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is gastroesophageal reflux disease one of the conditions mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, gastroesophageal reflux disease is not one of the conditions mentioned for the patient in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07853.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with visual field loss in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has glaucoma with visual field loss in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma with visual field loss in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have glaucoma with visual field loss in both eyes. The glaucoma is present in the right eye, but the left eye is suspected to have glaucoma due to a cup to disc ratio."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07853.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has trabeculectomy been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who has undergone trabeculectomy. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that helps to drain fluid from the eye, which can help to lower eye pressure and treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, suspected glaucoma in left eye due to cup to disc ratio. Intolerant to acetazolamide. Underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. Continues on latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has trabeculectomy been recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, trabeculectomy has not been recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07855.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a medical exam, with tests including a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes, potentially indicative of a check for glaucoma. Other conditions noted include colon polyp, esophagus issues, and lung mass. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a medical exam, with tests including a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes, potentially indicative of a check for glaucoma. Other conditions noted include colon polyp, esophagus issues, and lung mass. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred from the ER for lens particle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was referred from the ER for lens particle glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been referred from the ER for lens particle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient was referred from the ER for lens particle glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the patient's eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the patient's eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a known history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's left eye is at the goal intraocular pressure (IOP) and has stopped taking glaucoma medicines. Requires monitoring and use of preservative-free artificial tears. Potential tiny hemorrhage observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a known history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a known history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07858.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can it be confirmed from the image that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the patient does not have glaucoma, as the image shows a normal optic nerve."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can it be confirmed from the image that the patient has glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "It cannot be confirmed from the image alone that the patient has glaucoma. The image shows asymmetry in cup to disc ratio, which raises suspicion of glaucoma, but further diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07858.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of previous eye surgery in the provided summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "There is no mention of previous eye surgery in the provided summary."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient, a retired computer scientist aged 71 with a history of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, eczema and tinnitus, has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes. Notes some vision issues but is adapted and comfortable. Asymmetry in cup to disc ratio with suspicion of glaucoma, possible family history. Amblyopia in left eye, no history of patching or surgery. Floaters noticed in right eye in bright lights. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of previous eye surgery in the provided summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided summary mentions that the patient has undergone eye procedures (phaco/pciol) in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07859.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does patient Maureen Long have increased intraocular pressure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows increased intraocular pressure in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of amblyopia, mild nuclear sclerosis, and is suspected of glaucoma due to ocular cupping. Borderline thinning of RNFL detected. Low intraocular pressure. Old PVD, refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does patient Maureen Long have increased intraocular pressure in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have increased intraocular pressure in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07863.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any current eye problems reported by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not report any current eye problems."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vitreous floaters, Bell's palsy, restless legs syndrome, coronary artery disease and glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any current eye problems reported by the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has reported glaucoma as a current eye problem."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal optic nerve, which means that there are no signs of glaucoma observed in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that there are signs of glaucoma in the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently considered excellent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered excellent, as it is within the normal range."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has Graves' disease and is currently on methimazole. They suffer from diplopia and periorbital swelling and edema. High IOP and new vf deficit suggest possible glaucoma. The patient is being referred for a glaucoma evaluation and will start on Xalatan. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) currently considered excellent?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is not considered excellent. It is important to monitor and manage IOP to prevent or slow down the progression of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07868.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma with mild stage in right eye, moderate in left, and has self-discontinued treatment. Also has cataracts and macular malfunction in both eyes. Plan is to start timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was trabeculectomy recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of trabeculectomy, which is a surgical procedure performed on the patient. However, it is important to note that the decision to recommend trabeculectomy or any other treatment should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's specific condition, medical history, and other factors."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma with mild stage in right eye, moderate in left, and has self-discontinued treatment. Also has cataracts and macular malfunction in both eyes. Plan is to start timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was trabeculectomy recommended for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, trabeculectomy was not recommended for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07868.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma with mild stage in right eye, moderate in left, and has self-discontinued treatment. Also has cataracts and macular malfunction in both eyes. Plan is to start timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brinzolamide currently prescribed for the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, brinzolamide is currently prescribed for the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has primary open angle glaucoma with mild stage in right eye, moderate in left, and has self-discontinued treatment. Also has cataracts and macular malfunction in both eyes. Plan is to start timolol.\n \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brinzolamide currently prescribed for the patient's treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, brinzolamide is not currently prescribed for the patient's treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07869.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma, based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio. Though she previously used travatan, she currently doesn't use it. She doesn't have diabetic retinopathy or a significant cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) procedure for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has undergone a Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) procedure for both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 53-year-old female is a suspect for glaucoma, based on an increased cup-to-disc ratio. Though she previously used travatan, she currently doesn't use it. She doesn't have diabetic retinopathy or a significant cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone a Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) procedure for both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone an SLT procedure for both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07871.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitamin D supplementation part of Ms. DATE_TIME's current treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that vitamin D supplementation is part of Ms. DATE_TIME's current treatment plan."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has worsening visual field defect, stable visual acuity 20/25+2. Inf/nasal visual field defect denser than last exam. Disc hemes increased. Glaucoma not mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is vitamin D supplementation part of Ms. DATE_TIME's current treatment plan?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, vitamin D supplementation is not part of Ms. DATE_TIME's current treatment plan."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07872.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc ratio 0.2 in this patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The cup-to-disc ratio in this patient's eyes is 0.2."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma; goal intraocular pressure <=15mmhg in both eyes. Despite ongoing treatment with Cosopt, Latanoprost, and Brimonidine, IOP is still above goal. Rhopressa treatment suggested. Patient may need phaco/migs vs. phaco/bgi in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc ratio 0.2 in this patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cup-to-disc ratio in this patient's eyes is 0.5."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07873.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has high astigmatism."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic disc atrophy in both eyes, impaired visual acuity on the right, generalized depression on visual fields, bilateral optic disc atrophy with cupping. Diagnosed with dominant optic atrophy (opa1). No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have high astigmatism?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have high astigmatism."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07874.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there bilateral visual field constriction observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows bilateral visual field constriction in the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has history of recurrent optic neuritis associated with chronic progressive MS. Tests show normal visual field, RNFL, and macular GCC layers. No signs of glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there bilateral visual field constriction observed in the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not show bilateral visual field constriction."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07875.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has spots of decreased sensitivity in her left eye and a swollen optic nerve, possibly early signs of glaucoma. She has been advised to lose weight and is exercising regularly. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not mention glaucoma in the patient's diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has spots of decreased sensitivity in her left eye and a swollen optic nerve, possibly early signs of glaucoma. She has been advised to lose weight and is exercising regularly. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's diagnosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned in the patient's diagnosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07876.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any known allergies to glaucoma drugs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have any known allergies to glaucoma drugs."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has cataract in both eyes, borderline significant pseudoexfoliation in left eye, elevated intraocular pressure, but no glaucoma. They also have wet age-related macular degeneration in left eye and dry in right eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any known allergies to glaucoma drugs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has known allergies to glaucoma drugs."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07877.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have neurofibromatosis type 1?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 58-year-old woman with history of high lipid levels, chronic renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia is suspected of glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio. Also has cataracts and age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, benign choroidal nevus in left eye, dry eye syndrome, refractive error and history of inflammatory eye lesion. Has a headache. No intervention needed, just monitoring. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have neurofibromatosis type 1?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have neurofibromatosis type 1."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07878.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39-year-old patient with a history of recurrent chalazia, dry eye symptoms, and potential risk for glaucoma - normal intraocular pressure (IOP) currently. Has a family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it clear whether the patient's condition is congenital or acquired?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image itself does not provide enough information to determine whether the patient's condition is congenital or acquired. Further evaluation and clinical correlation would be necessary to make that determination."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 39-year-old patient with a history of recurrent chalazia, dry eye symptoms, and potential risk for glaucoma - normal intraocular pressure (IOP) currently. Has a family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it clear whether the patient's condition is congenital or acquired?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is clear from the information provided that the patient's condition is congenital."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07879.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have sinus disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's eyes, specifically the right eye. However, it does not provide information about sinus disease. To determine if the patient has sinus disease, it would be necessary to consider their medical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of prostate cancer, abdominal hernia repair, and is a suspect for glaucoma based on C:D asymmetry. Additionally, they exhibit choroidal nevus left, posterior vitreous detachment right, and a refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have sinus disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have sinus disease."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07880.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an enlargement of the optic nerve cups observed during the examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an enlargement of the optic nerve cups."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was an enlargement of the optic nerve cups observed during the examination?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the examination did not reveal any enlargement of the optic nerve cups."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07880.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has 1% pilocarpine been prescribed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that 1% pilocarpine has been prescribed for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has 1% pilocarpine been prescribed for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, 1% pilocarpine has not been prescribed for the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07880.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 1% pilocarpine being used to treat post-trauma mydriasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 1% pilocarpine is being used to treat post-trauma mydriasis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 27-year-old male patient has juvenile open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. His intraocular pressure is controlled well with Timolol and has a family history of glaucoma. Post-trabeculectomy, the patient is stable with no cystic changes in eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 1% pilocarpine being used to treat post-trauma mydriasis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 1% pilocarpine is being used to treat post-trauma mydriasis in the right eye of the patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07882.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with absolute glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with absolute glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with absolute glaucoma in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with absolute glaucoma in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07882.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple laser treatments?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone multiple laser treatments."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone multiple laser treatments?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone multiple laser treatments."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07882.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using latanoprost."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on dialysis with controlled BP. Has non-visually significant cataracts, monitored. Uses brimonidine and artificial tears. Returning for intraocular pressure (IOP) check. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using latanoprost?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using latanoprost."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07883.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 42 y.o. unknown male diagnosed with glaucoma, presenting higher intraocular pressure (IOP) than previously. May need future surgery due to his location. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07884.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to an increased cup/disc ratio in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07884.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye conditions discussed related to the patient's history of hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the eye conditions discussed in the image are related to the patient's history of hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a glaucoma suspect with pseudoexfoliation in the right eye. They also have a family history of glaucoma, and thin corneas. Visual field is benign but needs close monitoring due to increased cup/disc. Also has dry eye syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eye conditions discussed related to the patient's history of hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eye conditions discussed in the image and report are not related to the patient's history of hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07885.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient continuing treatment with xalatan for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is continuing treatment with xalatan for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has glaucoma and is prescribed dorzolamide once nightly, rhopressa thrice daily, and methazolamide/neptazane 50mg twice daily. They're cautioned against use with kidney disease or significant electrolyte imbalances. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient continuing treatment with xalatan for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is no longer continuing treatment with xalatan for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected of glaucoma due to positive family history. Normal vision field, low intraocular pressure, normal retinal nerve fiber layer, dry eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07888.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio increased in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio appears to be increased in this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio increased in this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio is not increased in this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07888.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevated for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) for this patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevated for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is not elevated for this patient."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07888.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 41-year-old woman with migraines and dry eyes. Mother had glaucoma. No sign of glaucoma in patient: normal intraocular pressure, optical scans normal. Dry eyes more problematic recently. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a family history of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's mother had glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07889.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has severe atypical optic neuritis vs non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Low suspicion for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Prescribed decreasing doses of prednisone. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07890.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any medication details provided in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no medication details provided in the clinical note."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has thinning os inferior and superior and RNFL, hinting towards glaucoma. Also had worse HVF os and minor NFL hemorrhage od. Other conditions: blepharitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any medication details provided in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are medication details provided in the clinical note. The patient is taking latanoprost, which is a medication used to lower eye pressure and treat glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07891.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is coenzyme q10 one of the medications the patient is on?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is on coenzyme q10, which is a medication."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is coenzyme q10 one of the medications the patient is on?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, coenzyme q10 is not one of the medications the patient is on."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07891.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of breast cancer for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a patient with breast cancer. However, it is important to note that I cannot provide a diagnosis based solely on the image. A healthcare professional would need to evaluate the image and consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms to make an accurate diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a diagnosis of breast cancer for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a diagnosis of breast cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypertension one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has hypertension, which is a condition characterized by high blood pressure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hypertension one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, hypertension is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diverticular disease present in the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with diverticular disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diverticular disease present in the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have diverticular disease in their medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with osteoporosis?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with osteoporosis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bilateral cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows bilateral cataracts, which means that cataracts are present in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bilateral cataracts present in the patient's eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have bilateral cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has optic neuropathy in left eye, possibly from trauma. Shows increased visual acuity with pinhole. History of multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient dealing with a mood disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is dealing with a mood disorder, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient dealing with a mood disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not dealing with a mood disorder."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with facial melanoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with facial melanoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with facial melanoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with facial melanoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, anemia is one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is anemia one of the patient's conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, anemia is not one of the patient's conditions."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with pure hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with pure hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with pure hypercholesterolemia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with pure hypercholesterolemia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has central scotoma in the left eye possibly due to optic neuropathy. There is a possible history of glaucoma in her mother. Plan includes an MRI and follow up with neuro-ophthalmology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a possible history of glaucoma in the patient's mother. However, it is important to note that the patient's condition is not explicitly mentioned in the provided information."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07895.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, borderline pressure, and thinning of sup rnfl which may be signs of glaucoma. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis, dry AMD, and ret hole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has cupping, borderline pressure, and thinning of sup rnfl which may be signs of glaucoma. Other conditions include nuclear sclerosis, dry AMD, and ret hole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07896.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking prednisone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently taking prednisone."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently taking prednisone?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently taking prednisone."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07896.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's hemoglobin A1C level 6.0%?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's hemoglobin A1C level is 6.0%."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's hemoglobin A1C level 6.0%?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's hemoglobin A1C level is 5.8%."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07896.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07899.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of physiological cupping, nuclear sclerosis, allergic reaction, dry eyes, and a refractive error. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07905.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note summary: Patient has irritable bowel syndrome, herniation of nucleus pulposus, depressive disorder, migraine, obesity, is a smoker, and suffered a cerebrovascular accident. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's condition considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's condition is considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note summary: Patient has irritable bowel syndrome, herniation of nucleus pulposus, depressive disorder, migraine, obesity, is a smoker, and suffered a cerebrovascular accident. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's condition considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's condition is not considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07907.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, suggesting presence of glaucoma. The patient was advised to restart Latanoprost and take artificial tears as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal eye condition, which means that glaucoma is not present in this particular case."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, suggesting presence of glaucoma. The patient was advised to restart Latanoprost and take artificial tears as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma present in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the information provided, glaucoma is present in the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07907.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, suggesting presence of glaucoma. The patient was advised to restart Latanoprost and take artificial tears as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up necessary for the patient unless there are changes in the diplopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The follow-up is not necessary for the patient unless there are changes in the diplopia."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above target in both eyes, suggesting presence of glaucoma. The patient was advised to restart Latanoprost and take artificial tears as needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a follow-up necessary for the patient unless there are changes in the diplopia?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a follow-up is necessary for the patient unless there are changes in the diplopia."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07908.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed methylphenidate, multivitamins, nystatin, and simvastatin. They have glaucoma as well as several other conditions including depressive disorder, gout, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show any signs of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has been prescribed methylphenidate, multivitamins, nystatin, and simvastatin. They have glaucoma as well as several other conditions including depressive disorder, gout, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hyperlipidemia, etc. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient show any signs of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07909.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye, and congenital optic discs in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma. Low intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye, and congenital optic discs in both eyes. No signs of glaucoma. Low intraocular pressure (IOP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07910.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a malignant parotid gland tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with a malignant parotid gland tumor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye, requiring monocular and depth perception precautions and as-needed follow-up. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a malignant parotid gland tumor?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a malignant parotid gland tumor."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07914.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is an OCT (optical coherence tomography) scan of the patient's eye, which is being used to assess the patient's condition. However, without more information, it is not possible to definitively determine whether the patient is suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 73 year old patient, who is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma, has no family history of the condition. They also have dry eye syndrome, nuclear cataracts and narrowing, open angles. Their intraocular pressure is stable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have primary open-angle glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is suspected to have pseudoexfoliation syndrome glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07916.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has severe normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have severe normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07916.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being added to the treatment plan for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that brimonidine is being added to the treatment plan for the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a progressing cataract in the right eye, with concerns about glaucoma damage also in the right eye. Treatment includes a drop in both eyes. Surgery deferred. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is brimonidine being added to the treatment plan for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, brimonidine is not being added to the treatment plan for the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07917.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Xalatan drops?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently being treated with Xalatan drops."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently being treated with Xalatan drops?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently being treated with Xalatan drops."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07917.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Timolol drops for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is also using Timolol drops for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has choroidal nevus os and schizoaffective disorder. No mention of existing glaucoma. Attending aims to keep intraocular pressure \u226412 mmHg in both eyes using Latanoprost and Cosopt. Potential glaucoma treatment suggested. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Timolol drops for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Timolol drops for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07919.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's visual acuity in the left eye (OS) 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's visual acuity in the left eye (OS) is 20/20, which is considered normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has headaches, optic disc swelling, and bilateral fullness of optic nerve heads, suggestive of buried drusen. Visual field defect possibly due to drusen. OCT showed decreased ganglion cell complex thickness. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's visual acuity in the left eye (OS) 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's visual acuity in the left eye (OS) is 20/100."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07920.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note concerns a patient with decreased horizontal vision, limiting her driving capability in MA. Primary concern is maintaining her current vision and monitoring recurrence of craniopharyngioma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dorzolamide/timolol part of the patient's medication regimen for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that dorzolamide/timolol is part of the patient's medication regimen for the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The note concerns a patient with decreased horizontal vision, limiting her driving capability in MA. Primary concern is maintaining her current vision and monitoring recurrence of craniopharyngioma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dorzolamide/timolol part of the patient's medication regimen for the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, dorzolamide/timolol is not part of the patient's medication regimen for the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07921.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note reports no evidence of acute infarction or herniation. Left cranioplasty prosthesis placement and pneumocephalus deep to craniotomy site observed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note mention any history of eye surgery for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not mention any history of eye surgery for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note reports no evidence of acute infarction or herniation. Left cranioplasty prosthesis placement and pneumocephalus deep to craniotomy site observed. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note mention any history of eye surgery for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions that the patient had undergone eye surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07922.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a sphenoid meningioma present in the patient's imaging?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the resolution of the sphenoid meningioma after treatment. This means that the meningioma is no longer visible in the image, indicating that the treatment was successful in removing or reducing the size of the tumor."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a sphenoid meningioma present in the patient's imaging?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's imaging does not show a sphenoid meningioma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07922.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's summary does not mention glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient displays potentially visually-significant conditions and is at risk for glaucoma. Treated with intraocular pressure medication and preservative-free artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's summary?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient's summary mentions that they have potentially visually-significant conditions and are at risk for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07923.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a diagnosis of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient taking multiple medications, including for heart, thyroid, and asthma. Has chronic conditions including asthma, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Notably, mild stage chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a diagnosis of glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a diagnosis of glaucoma, as mentioned in the reference report."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07924.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with male breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with male breast cancer."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with male breast cancer?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with male breast cancer."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07924.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not used steroids for their eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 44 y.o. male with likely acute on chronic glaucoma in both eyes, worse in the right. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Underwent tolerated laser peripheral iridotomy, which improved IOP. Possible visual field loss in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient used steroids for their eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has used steroids for their eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07926.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any other eye procedures performed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not had any other eye procedures performed, as mentioned in the context."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 65 y.o. female referred for glaucoma treatment after 2 high IOP tests. Too anxious to start long-term medication. Discussed options and importance of adherence to lower vision loss risk. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any other eye procedures performed?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had cataract surgery performed on their right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the uncontrolled eye pressure present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the uncontrolled eye pressure is present in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the uncontrolled eye pressure present in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the uncontrolled eye pressure is not present in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for potential glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the left eye of a patient who is being treated for potential glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient being treated for potential glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not being treated for potential glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty) for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient who has undergone SLT for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty) for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone SLT for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is further treatment recommended for the patient's left eye due to the increased pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the patient's left eye has increased pressure. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if further treatment is recommended. They will consider the patient's overall health, the severity of the increased pressure, and other factors to make an informed decision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient presents with eye cupping in both eyes, unchanged retinal nerve fiber layer. No signs of glaucoma. Reported minimal nuclear sclerosis and refractive error. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is further treatment recommended for the patient's left eye due to the increased pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the increased pressure in the patient's left eye is not considered significant enough to warrant further treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the patient was suspected of having glaucoma because of borderline intraocular pressure. However, it is important to note that borderline intraocular pressure does not always indicate glaucoma. Further evaluation and tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of borderline intraocular pressure?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of other eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of other eye conditions."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of other eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of other eye conditions, including cataract and glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any other health issues related to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have any other health issues related to the eyes, as shown in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have any other health issues related to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of cataract and glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma or other eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's family history of glaucoma or other eye conditions. However, it is important to consider the patient's medical history and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No eye disease, patient underwent phaco, doesn't need glasses, suspect glaucoma (due to cup/disc asymmetry), normal intraocular pressure, larger left nerve, consider stopping tests due to years of reassuring results. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma or other eye conditions?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07930.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma with progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma with progression."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma with progression?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have moderate primary open-angle glaucoma with progression."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07935.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure above the targeted goal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient's intraocular pressure is above the targeted goal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure above the targeted goal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressure appears to be within the targeted range."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07935.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently started using Rhopressa for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image was taken before the patient started using Rhopressa for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraocular pressure is likely okay, patient discussed natural history and progression of glaucoma. Patient opts for eye drops over selective laser trabeculoplasty. On latanoprost and timolol. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient recently started using Rhopressa for glaucoma treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not started using Rhopressa for glaucoma treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07936.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on Xalatan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently on Xalatan for treatment."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on Xalatan for treatment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on Xalatan for treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07936.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Brimonidine for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a patient with glaucoma who is using Brimonidine for their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient also using Brimonidine for their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not using Brimonidine for their condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07936.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scan result abnormal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The oct scan result appears to be normal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 64-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia doesn't have diabetic retinopathy. They show optic disc cupping on the left eye but there's no family history of glaucoma and low risk. Also, they have early cataract. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scan result abnormal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCT scan result is not abnormal."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the left eye have an advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a left eye with an advanced nuclear cataract and heavy pseudoexfoliation."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the left eye have an advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the left eye does not have an advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there miosis present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows miosis in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there miosis present in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no miosis present in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mild visual field loss attributed to the cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mild visual field loss is attributed to the cataracts."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mild visual field loss attributed to the cataracts?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mild visual field loss is not attributed to the cataracts."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of glaucoma in either eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has mild refractive changes, mild and stable cataracts, and open angle glaucoma with ocular hypertension. Pressures seem fine, but there's a possibility of visual field worsening. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of glaucoma in either eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows signs of glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07940.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PF Cosopt started due to the patient's severe eyelid disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that PF Cosopt was started due to the patient's severe eyelid disease."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 77-year-old male patient has secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to previous trauma. His intraocular pressure improved with latanoprost treatment. He also has a history of traumatic mydiasis, iridodialysis, and iridocorneolenticular adhesions. He has Parkinson's disease and hypercholesterolemia too. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PF Cosopt started due to the patient's severe eyelid disease?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, PF Cosopt was started due to the patient's severe glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07941.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient does not display symptoms of multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease. Intraocular findings suggest syphilis or sarcoidosis, with syphilis potentially causing pathological cupping. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a posterior vitreous detachment?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a posterior vitreous detachment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07942.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old patient has no family history of glaucoma and normal eye pressure. Patient suffers from pvd and was given a prescription for new glasses. The patient was instructed to contact immediately if they experience new flashing lights or floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected to have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected to have glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07943.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure above the desired goal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient's intraocular pressure is above the desired goal."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient's intraocular pressure above the desired goal?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's intraocular pressure is normal, which is below the desired goal for low risk glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07943.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is currently using Timolol."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Female patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma. Risk factors include race, c/d asymmetry, myopia. IOP is normal. Eye alignment issue noted. Surgery offered. Prescribed new glasses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently using Timolol?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently using Timolol."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07945.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was suspected of having glaucoma. However, it's important to note that the actual diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has moderate dermatochalasis possibly affecting vision; referral to eye plastics under consideration. No retinal tears/detachment found in a posterior vitreous detachment. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07947.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone iStent procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has undergone iStent procedures."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has glaucoma but it is stable with no new findings. Current medication regimen will continue. Due to pregnancy, latanoprost will be switched to brimonidine to avoid complications. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone iStent procedures?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone iStent procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07951.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at a post-operative visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is at a post-operative visit."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient at a post-operative visit?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not at a post-operative visit."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07951.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the patient's vision be refracted to 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that the patient's vision can be refracted to 20/20."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The 65 year old male patient has rosacea blepharitis, is a glaucoma suspect with an increase in c/d and presence of Krukenberg spindle, has early cataracts and vitreous syneresis, and refractive error. No iris tid's found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the patient's vision be refracted to 20/20?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient's vision cannot be refracted to 20/20."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07954.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07954.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye considered a high-risk glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the right eye is considered a high-risk glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the right eye considered a high-risk glaucoma suspect?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the right eye is not considered a high-risk glaucoma suspect."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07954.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient starting treatment with Travatan Z in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is starting treatment with Travatan Z in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient starting treatment with Travatan Z in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has chosen observation over treatment."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07954.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tilted nerves present in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of tilted nerves in the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suspected to have normal tension glaucoma in the left eye, but there are no telltale signs of glaucoma. Situs inversus makes grading difficult but visuals appear intact. Patient chose observation over treatment. Also has history of occipital stroke and is on medications. Vision loss likely due to corneal issue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tilted nerves present in the patient's eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, tilted nerves are not present in the patient's eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07955.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's family history of glaucoma. However, it does show the patient's right eye, which is being examined for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note does not provide specific details on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions a future appointment for an intraocular pressure (iop) check and other eye tests. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a family history of glaucoma for this patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a family history of glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07958.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma shows ocular hypertension and borderline thinning in the eye. Treatments include latanoprost and doxycycline for dry eyes. Also diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and benign cystic lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate any pre-visit symptoms for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The clinical note does not indicate any pre-visit symptoms for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma shows ocular hypertension and borderline thinning in the eye. Treatments include latanoprost and doxycycline for dry eyes. Also diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and benign cystic lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the clinical note indicate any pre-visit symptoms for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions that the patient had pre-visit symptoms of visual field loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07958.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma shows ocular hypertension and borderline thinning in the eye. Treatments include latanoprost and doxycycline for dry eyes. Also diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and benign cystic lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any concerning comorbidities mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no concerning comorbidities mentioned for the patient in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66-year-old female with a family history of glaucoma shows ocular hypertension and borderline thinning in the eye. Treatments include latanoprost and doxycycline for dry eyes. Also diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and benign cystic lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any concerning comorbidities mentioned for the patient?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and has a benign cystic lesion. These conditions may be relevant to the patient's overall health and should be considered when evaluating their eye health and the findings in the fundus image."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07961.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note involves recommendations for ESR, CRP, FTA, and an MRI of the orbit. No mention of glaucoma is found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of previous eye conditions in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note indicates that there are no signs of previous eye conditions in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note involves recommendations for ESR, CRP, FTA, and an MRI of the orbit. No mention of glaucoma is found. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of previous eye conditions in the clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clinical note mentions previous eye conditions, such as uveitis and optic neuritis."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07964.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07964.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone strabismus surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the patient's condition after strabismus surgery. However, without more information, I cannot definitively confirm whether the patient has undergone the surgery or not. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the patient's medical history and the specific details of their condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has possible primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the right eye than the left. Both eyes have had a trabeculectomy for glaucoma and cataract surgery. There's a potential family history of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient undergone strabismus surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not undergone strabismus surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07965.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient suffers from constipation, hearing loss, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoarthritis, vitamin D deficiency, tendonitis, atrial fibrillation, imbalance, depression. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07966.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old patient with history of gerd, ibs, migraine has dermatochalasis/ brow ptosis, non-significant cataract and is a glaucoma suspect. On latanoprost for intraocular pressure control. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the IOP check associated with diagnosing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IOP check is associated with diagnosing glaucoma. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key factor in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Elevated IOP can cause damage to the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if left untreated. By measuring IOP, healthcare professionals can assess the severity of glaucoma and determine the appropriate treatment plan for the patient."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 62-year-old patient with history of gerd, ibs, migraine has dermatochalasis/ brow ptosis, non-significant cataract and is a glaucoma suspect. On latanoprost for intraocular pressure control. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the IOP check associated with diagnosing glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the IOP check is not associated with diagnosing glaucoma. It is mentioned in the context of the patient's treatment for intraocular pressure control."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07967.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient was diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07967.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from right 4th nerve palsy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal right 4th nerve. This means that the patient does not have right 4th nerve palsy, as the nerve appears to be normal in the image."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 75-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes (OU). Initial treatment ineffective, resulting in disease progression. Trabeculectomy (TXE) switched to Cosopt, but patient remained on TXE due to no new prescription. A family history of glaucoma noted. Patient potentially needing further glaucoma treatment and possibly surgery. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient suffer from right 4th nerve palsy?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not suffer from right 4th nerve palsy."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07968.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye pressure is acceptable with no signs of glaucoma mentioned. Patient is treated with Valtrex and Timolol. Eye is stable, veterinary visits planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07971.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any prior eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not had any prior eye surgery."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 66 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient had any prior eye surgery?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has had prior eye surgery."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07973.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y/o female nurse with history of hypercholesterolemia, rhinitis, and is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma or long-term steroid use. Currently, no need for glaucoma therapy. Other conditions include mild cataracts, dry eye syndrome, and high myopia. Recommended warm compress and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is experiencing vision loss."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 59 y/o female nurse with history of hypercholesterolemia, rhinitis, and is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma or long-term steroid use. Currently, no need for glaucoma therapy. Other conditions include mild cataracts, dry eye syndrome, and high myopia. Recommended warm compress and artificial tears. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient experiencing vision loss?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not experiencing vision loss."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07974.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a preoperative MRI of the patient's eye, and it does not show any signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. They are on a prescription drug regimen and at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control, and they are at moderate risk of glaucoma progression. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. The patient's condition should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine if glaucoma is present or not."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07975.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports decline in vision but has excellent central acuity with normal visual field testing. Optic nerve and ocular motility normal. Intraocular pressure normal. No significant change in ganglion cell segmentation. Has pituitary tumor but not affecting vision. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal vision."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports decline in vision but has excellent central acuity with normal visual field testing. Optic nerve and ocular motility normal. Intraocular pressure normal. No significant change in ganglion cell segmentation. Has pituitary tumor but not affecting vision. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have normal vision?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has normal central acuity, which indicates that their central vision is not affected."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07978.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early dry age-related macular degeneration in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows early dry age-related macular degeneration in the right eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have early dry age-related macular degeneration in the right eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have early dry age-related macular degeneration in the right eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07978.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with intermediate age-related macular degeneration in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been diagnosed with intermediate age-related macular degeneration in the left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient experienced a 'red dot' in her right eye moving around, now resolved. No vision loss or blur. No signs of amaurosis or glaucoma detected. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient diagnosed with intermediate age-related macular degeneration in the left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not diagnosed with intermediate age-related macular degeneration in the left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07979.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any history of medication intolerance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not shown any history of medication intolerance."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is a 41-year old with glaucoma in the left eye. She has taken Latanoprost, Timolol, and has ceased using steroids. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is under control. She also experiences headaches and floaters. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient shown any history of medication intolerance?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of medication intolerance."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07980.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a laceration of the globe of the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a laceration of the globe of the eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a laceration of the globe of the eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have a laceration of the globe of the eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07980.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations related to the eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has received the H1N1 vaccine, but it is not related to the eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient reports headaches, stable visual function, stable optic nerve head swelling, less reactive left pupil, weight loss and regained, and suspected iih. No vision/ganglion cell loss due to optic disc drusen. History of pituitary lipoma. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient received any immunizations related to the eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has received an immunization related to the eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07981.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension, a family history of glaucoma, and has undergone glaucoma procedures. No glaucoma mentioned at current visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not provide information about the patient's history of glaucoma. However, it does show the patient's retinal appearance after a 1-year follow-up."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a history of ocular hypertension, a family history of glaucoma, and has undergone glaucoma procedures. No glaucoma mentioned at current visit. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of glaucoma in the patient's history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of ocular hypertension and a family history of glaucoma. They have also undergone glaucoma procedures."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07982.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on treatment with eye drops for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently on treatment with eye drops for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently on treatment with eye drops for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not currently on treatment with eye drops for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07982.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is txe 0.5% part of the patient's ongoing medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it appears that txe 0.5% is part of the patient's ongoing medication regimen."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient under close follow-up due to new mass possibly causing visual changes. To be reviewed with oculoplastics before discharge. Neuro-op evaluation scheduled. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is txe 0.5% part of the patient's ongoing medication regimen?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, txe 0.5% is not part of the patient's ongoing medication regimen."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently considered a glaucoma suspect due to the cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient had a retinal detachment in both eyes. Iritis was observed at around age 22. They were previously diagnosed with Lyme disease. There doesn't appear to be any indication of glaucoma, but the intraocular pressure goals are 12 mmHg in right eye and 17 mmHg in left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not considered a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07985.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient was suspected of having glaucoma because of ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma because of ocular hypertension?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is being treated for glaucoma, but the diagnosis is based on the presence of glaucomatous optic nerve changes and visual field abnormalities, rather than ocular hypertension."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07985.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been using steroids, which might be related to their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has not been using steroids."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is being treated for glaucoma, with the goal of maintaining a specific intraocular pressure in each eye. Current medications include pilocarpine, cosopt, xalatan, and rhopressa. There is a growing cataract, but no significant changes to the macula. Surgery may be considered in the future. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been using steroids, which might be related to their condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been using steroids for a long time."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07988.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has eye condition managed with latanoprost qhs ou medication, demonstrating adherence to it. Regular follow-ups for retina care. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient who was initially suspected of having glaucoma. However, the ophthalmological examination and the ocular ultrasound showed no signs of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has eye condition managed with latanoprost qhs ou medication, demonstrating adherence to it. Regular follow-ups for retina care. No direct mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient suspected of having glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient is not suspected of having glaucoma based on the information provided."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07990.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's left eye?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the patient's left eye."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07990.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently undergoing treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient is not currently undergoing treatment for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg. Risk of glaucoma progression identified, follow-up stressed. Possible future BGI for left eye. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient currently undergoing treatment for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is currently undergoing treatment for glaucoma. They are on latanoprost and brimonidine for IOP control in both eyes, maintaining a goal of <=12 mmhg."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07991.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of allergies related to her eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of allergies related to her eye condition."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical note indicates a check-up related to left eye. There's no detail supporting the presence of glaucoma. Follow up with Dr. PERSON, post-return from LOCATION. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of allergies related to her eye condition?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of allergies related to her eye condition."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07992.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of medical issues related to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of medical issues related to the eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 26 y.o. white, hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of medical issues related to the eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of medical issues related to the eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07993.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's visit is for follow-up of glaucoma suspicion & small ped os. They have normal oct rnfl & gc complex, mild superior thinning of LOCATION but unchanged gc. No previous eye exams or family history of glaucoma. IOP and astigmatism are normal. Will be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with keratoconus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with keratoconus."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient's visit is for follow-up of glaucoma suspicion & small ped os. They have normal oct rnfl & gc complex, mild superior thinning of LOCATION but unchanged gc. No previous eye exams or family history of glaucoma. IOP and astigmatism are normal. Will be monitored. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with keratoconus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with keratoconus."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07994.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient was diagnosed with pacs in both eyes, managed via laser peripheral iridotomy procedures. Optic nerve and visual fields are normal. No history of medication intolerances. Regular monitoring planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient was diagnosed with pacs in both eyes, managed via laser peripheral iridotomy procedures. Optic nerve and visual fields are normal. No history of medication intolerances. Regular monitoring planned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07996.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note suggests manifest refraction for both eyes. Right eye details: +3.25 sphere, -0.50 cylinder, 080 axis. Left eye: -0.50 cylinder, 080 and 150 axis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to undergo regular monitoring for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has been advised to undergo regular monitoring for glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clinical note suggests manifest refraction for both eyes. Right eye details: +3.25 sphere, -0.50 cylinder, 080 axis. Left eye: -0.50 cylinder, 080 and 150 axis. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been advised to undergo regular monitoring for glaucoma?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been advised to undergo regular monitoring for glaucoma."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07997.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma, previously seen for ocular hypertension. There are no medical intolerances, prior glaucoma surgery or other eye surgeries noted. Family history reveals sister with early onset glaucoma. The patient's plan includes intraocular pressure management, visual field and RNFL OCT. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a retinal photograph of the patient's eye, and it does not specifically mention glaucoma. However, it is important to note that the presence or absence of glaucoma cannot be determined solely from this image. A thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests would be necessary to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma, previously seen for ocular hypertension. There are no medical intolerances, prior glaucoma surgery or other eye surgeries noted. Family history reveals sister with early onset glaucoma. The patient's plan includes intraocular pressure management, visual field and RNFL OCT. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glaucoma mentioned in the patient's clinical note?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glaucoma is mentioned in the patient's clinical note."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there diffuse thinning noted in the patient's optic discs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows diffuse thinning in the patient's optic discs."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there diffuse thinning noted in the patient's optic discs?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no diffuse thinning noted in the patient's optic discs."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have significant cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the patient has significant cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient prescribed off-label medication; risks like cataracts, hypertension, diabetes, etc. were discussed. Advised on regular eye exams for potential side-effects. No mention of glaucoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have significant cataracts in both eyes?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient does not have significant cataracts in both eyes."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_07999.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma confirmed by Dr. PERSON. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dimensions of the pituitary adenoma 13 x 10 x 18?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pituitary adenoma in the image has dimensions of approximately 13 x 10 x 18 mm."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 63-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma confirmed by Dr. PERSON. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dimensions of the pituitary adenoma 13 x 10 x 18?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the dimensions of the pituitary adenoma in the image are 13 x 10 x 18 mm."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_08000.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Has the patient been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, the patient has not been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus."}], "rejected_noised": 0}, {"id": "", "image": "slo_fundus_08000.jpg", "conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cushing syndrome part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a patient with Cushing syndrome. However, it is important to note that the image itself does not provide direct evidence of Cushing syndrome. The image is likely used to illustrate the patient's condition or to show the results of a specific test or procedure."}], "rejected_conversations": [{"from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a fundus image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patient has normal skin and mood, and a normal otologic exam. Experiencing imbalance, but no hearing loss or tinnitus. No glaucoma mentioned. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cushing syndrome part of the patient's medical history?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "No, Cushing syndrome is not part of the patient's medical history."}], "rejected_noised": 0}] ================================================ FILE: data/training/alignment/pathology/pathology_vqa.json ================================================ [ { "id": 641, "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_1425f900-eb6d-4b5f-8921-b37a27048233.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Primordial and primary follicles are visible. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of ovarian follicles associated with the reproductive system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of ovarian follicles is associated with the reproductive system. Ovarian follicles are small sacs within the ovary that contain the developing oocyte (egg) and are surrounded by a layer of cells called granulosa cells. These follicles play a crucial role in the process of ovulation and the formation of a mature oocyte." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Primordial and primary follicles are visible. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of ovarian follicles associated with the reproductive system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of ovarian follicles is associated with the reproductive system. Ovarian follicles are small sacs within the ovary that contain the developing egg (oocyte) and are surrounded by a layer of cells called the granulosa layer. They play a crucial role in the process of ovulation and are essential for female fertility." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 139, "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all retinoblastoma cases characterized by the same degree of retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma cases can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, as seen in the image and the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all retinoblastoma cases characterized by the same degree of retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma cases can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1663, "image": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma have an ActB fusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have an ActB fusion, which supports the idea of it being an endothelial tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma have an ActB fusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have an ActB fusion, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1472, "image": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fibrosis and scarring of the pancreas indicate an abnormal condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibrosis and scarring of the pancreas can be indicative of an abnormal condition. These changes may be associated with various factors, such as inflammation, injury, or disease. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fibrosis and scarring of the pancreas indicate an abnormal condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibrosis and scarring of the pancreas can be indicative of an abnormal condition. These changes in the pancreas may be associated with various factors, such as inflammation, injury, or disease. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1331, "image": "fZvq86-pUac_image_9cbab322-b7bd-4e91-a7e8-3728e9c0af6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal canals present in the liver?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the liver tissue in the image shows the presence of portal canals." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal canals present in the liver?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, portal canals are present in the liver. They are part of the liver's vascular system and play a crucial role in supplying blood to the hepatocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 809, "image": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_c043be87-43f3-48c1-86b5-e64b7d53e126.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The serosal layer is comprised of mesothelium and connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer muscular layer of the oviduct longitudinal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the outer muscular layer of the oviduct is longitudinal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The serosal layer is comprised of mesothelium and connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer muscular layer of the oviduct longitudinal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the outer muscular layer of the oviduct is longitudinal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 596, "image": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_263a451c-3d25-4041-905e-6465c614650c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do skin tumors have different genetic profiles based on their location in the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, skin tumors can have different genetic profiles based on their location in the body. This is because different locations in the body may have different exposures to various environmental factors, which can influence the development of skin tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do skin tumors have different genetic profiles based on their location in the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, skin tumors can have different genetic profiles depending on their location in the body. This is because different regions of the skin may have unique genetic characteristics, which can influence the development and progression of skin tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 508, "image": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_27d9869d-5455-4790-87b0-dbbc946bbe67.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ERG or CD31 may be used for angiosarcoma, high molecular weight keratin or P40 for squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are T follicular helper cells essential for the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, T follicular helper cells are essential for the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues. They play a crucial role in the immune response and contribute to the development of an effective immune response against pathogens." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ERG or CD31 may be used for angiosarcoma, high molecular weight keratin or P40 for squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are T follicular helper cells essential for the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, T follicular helper cells are essential for the formation of germinal centers in lymphoid tissues. They play a crucial role in the immune response and contribute to the development of an effective immune response against pathogens." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2552, "image": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_5888a664-02cb-435b-83d9-101710c285b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the mammary glands undergo significant changes during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mammary glands undergo significant changes during pregnancy. The image shows the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts, which are characteristic changes that occur in the mammary glands during pregnancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the mammary glands undergo significant changes during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mammary glands undergo significant changes during pregnancy. The image and report provide information about the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts, which are typical changes that occur in the mammary glands during pregnancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 172, "image": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperplasia in breast tissue typically associated with malignancy during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hyperplasia in breast tissue is generally not associated with malignancy during pregnancy. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any breast-related concerns." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperplasia in breast tissue typically associated with malignancy during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyperplasia in breast tissue is not typically associated with malignancy during pregnancy. Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which can be a normal physiological response to hormonal changes or other factors. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any breast-related concerns." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 163, "image": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the red pulp of the spleen be identified by the presence of sinuses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the red pulp of the spleen can be identified by the presence of sinuses in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the red pulp of the spleen be identified by the presence of sinuses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the red pulp of the spleen can be identified by the presence of sinuses." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 552, "image": "7oj3Vzwn9dM_image_73ab8877-a409-4431-8953-a6cdcbb31a28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodular fasciitis can occur without inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear pseudo-inclusions commonly associated with certain types of tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nuclear pseudo-inclusions are commonly associated with certain types of tumors, such as nodular fasciitis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodular fasciitis can occur without inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear pseudo-inclusions commonly associated with certain types of tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nuclear pseudo-inclusions are commonly associated with certain types of tumors, such as nodular fasciitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1304, "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is typically found in the epidermis, not the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is typically found in the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1400, "image": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_875665df-1fbc-4be6-922d-38597a000308.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Papillary dermal edema and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of lymphocytes in the underlying dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the findings be consistent with an autoimmune condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the findings in the image and report could be consistent with an autoimmune condition. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Papillary dermal edema and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of lymphocytes in the underlying dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the findings be consistent with an autoimmune condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the findings in the image and report could be consistent with an autoimmune condition. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3061, "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body located in the subcorneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body is located in the subcorneal layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body located in the subcorneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body is located in the subcorneal layer of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 146, "image": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a small nodule seen during endoscopy classified as a neuroendocrine tumor if it is predominantly neuroendocrine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a small nodule seen during endoscopy can be classified as a neuroendocrine tumor if it is predominantly neuroendocrine, as indicated by the gland-like phenotype and chromogranin-positive staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a small nodule seen during endoscopy classified as a neuroendocrine tumor if it is predominantly neuroendocrine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, if a small nodule seen during endoscopy is predominantly neuroendocrine, it can be classified as a neuroendocrine tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1192, "image": "I9J2tETPRiI_image_1f03550d-4ede-44d4-89ac-ea9a23402056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the unique histology of syphilis, including psoriasiform hyperplasia, lichenoid reaction, and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is scabies characterized by an itchy linear eruption on the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scabies is characterized by an itchy linear eruption on the skin, which is typically caused by the burrowing of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the unique histology of syphilis, including psoriasiform hyperplasia, lichenoid reaction, and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is scabies characterized by an itchy linear eruption on the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scabies is characterized by an itchy linear eruption on the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2539, "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_ce08822c-e7cf-4827-b1ae-2bfa25274c27.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus with preservation of neurons in between, possibly the cuneate nucleus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cervical lymph nodes typically the primary site of involvement in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cervical lymph nodes are not typically the primary site of involvement in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary site of involvement in this subtype is usually the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus with preservation of neurons in between, possibly the cuneate nucleus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cervical lymph nodes typically the primary site of involvement in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cervical lymph nodes are not typically the primary site of involvement in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary site of involvement in this type of lymphoma is usually the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1315, "image": "KrHMC7I0428_image_5415afc7-bf5b-4bdd-a47e-415a0ec35b2e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Pax8 staining be present in renal tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Pax8 staining can be present in renal tumors. However, it is important to note that the presence of Pax8 staining alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation and correlation with other clinical and pathological findings are necessary to determine the nature of the tumor and its origin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Pax8 staining be present in renal tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Pax8 staining can be present in renal tumors. However, it is important to note that the presence of Pax8 staining alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation and correlation with other clinical and diagnostic information are necessary to determine the nature of the tumor and its origin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2707, "image": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma a type of benign tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myxofibrosarcoma is a type of malignant tumor. It is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that arises from connective tissue, such as fibrous tissue or bone." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma a type of benign tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myxofibrosarcoma is a type of malignant tumor. It is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that arises from connective tissue, such as muscle or fibrous tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1685, "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is microcystic adnexal carcinoma characterized by the presence of benign sweat ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is microcystic adnexal carcinoma characterized by the presence of benign sweat ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 40, "image": "SQ1uNXtJwdI_image_cdfc70e1-1e14-456c-8d11-d7d6d7527cb3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sweat secretion and glycogen utilization distinctive features of poroma neoplasms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sweat secretion and glycogen utilization are distinctive features of poroma neoplasms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sweat secretion and glycogen utilization distinctive features of poroma neoplasms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sweat secretion and glycogen utilization are distinctive features of poroma neoplasms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 933, "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of a lumen be used to help differentiate Homer Wright neuroblastoma from other types?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of a lumen can be used as a helpful feature to differentiate Homer Wright neuroblastoma from other types of tumors. However, it is important to consider other clinical and pathological findings, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of a lumen be used to help differentiate Homer Wright neuroblastoma from other types?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of a lumen in the image can be helpful in differentiating Homer Wright neuroblastoma from other types of retinoblastoma. However, it is important to consider other clinical and pathological findings, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2555, "image": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_5888a664-02cb-435b-83d9-101710c285b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the mammary glands show no changes during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mammary glands in the image show changes during pregnancy, such as the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the mammary glands show no changes during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mammary glands do not show no changes during pregnancy. The image and report provide information about the changes that occur in the mammary gland during pregnancy, such as the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2073, "image": "RdLv4BcZjig_image_e441fcd9-5394-42e7-8246-eb498af35566.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD10 positive staining, BCL6, and BCL2 can confirm the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can follicular lymphoma be identified through a biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, follicular lymphoma can be identified through a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the body for examination under a microscope. In the case of follicular lymphoma, the biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis by identifying specific markers, such as CD10, BCL6, and BCL2, which are characteristic of this type of lymphoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD10 positive staining, BCL6, and BCL2 can confirm the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can follicular lymphoma be identified through a biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, follicular lymphoma can be identified through a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the affected area and examined under a microscope. This helps healthcare professionals to diagnose the presence of lymphoma and determine its type, such as follicular lymphoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1684, "image": "7A9au9ZQa9E_image_6fb92e57-fd93-42e9-9c37-69e82e7372d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do fibroadenomas exhibit an infiltrative type of growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibroadenomas do not exhibit an infiltrative type of growth. They are benign breast tumors that are typically well-defined and encapsulated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do fibroadenomas exhibit an infiltrative type of growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibroadenomas do not exhibit an infiltrative type of growth. They are benign breast tumors that are typically well-defined and have a distinct border." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 906, "image": "1nSIh3Q6EPU_image_a4a44627-2a0c-4c37-86d1-e4745cd28d35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the columnar cells in this tissue sample lacking an outer myoepithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the columnar cells in this tissue sample are lined by an outer retained myoepithelial layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the columnar cells in this tissue sample lacking an outer myoepithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the columnar cells in this tissue sample are not lacking an outer myoepithelial layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1283, "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_7787d91a-2627-4fc6-b319-fea8f887f1bb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of subcorneal neutrophilic pustules indicative of a possible diagnosis of age up?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of subcorneal neutrophilic pustules with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils in the image is suggestive of a possible diagnosis of age up. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of subcorneal neutrophilic pustules indicative of a possible diagnosis of age up?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of subcorneal neutrophilic pustules can be indicative of a possible diagnosis of age up. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2057, "image": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_e4fdee33-99a1-40e0-bd6b-d2bb6c668f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basosquamous carcinoma commonly found in the sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, basosquamous carcinoma can be found in the sebaceous glands, but it is not the most common type of cancer in this location. It is important to note that the prevalence of basosquamous carcinoma in sebaceous glands may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and other risk factors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basosquamous carcinoma commonly found in the sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Basosquamous carcinoma is not commonly found in the sebaceous glands. It is a rare type of skin cancer that can occur in various locations on the body. In this case, the lesion is likely originating in the sebaceous gland and spreading onto the surface." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 595, "image": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are normal cardiomyocytes organized in a syncytial arrangement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal cardiomyocytes are organized in a syncytial arrangement." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are normal cardiomyocytes organized in a syncytial arrangement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal cardiomyocytes are organized in a syncytial arrangement." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 543, "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2295, "image": "3G4WxT1tVQg_image_3feeece6-f2ca-49d2-a5f3-6b258d35f10b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Keratinocytes vary in size and shape, aiding in differentiation from other entities on the differential diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the permanent sections show areas of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the permanent sections show areas of necrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Keratinocytes vary in size and shape, aiding in differentiation from other entities on the differential diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the permanent sections show areas of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the permanent sections show areas of necrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 566, "image": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can superficial perivascular inflammation be associated with conditions like dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, superficial perivascular inflammation can be associated with conditions like dermatitis. Dermatitis is a general term that refers to inflammation of the skin, which can be caused by various factors such as allergies, infections, or autoimmune diseases. The presence of superficial perivascular inflammation in the image suggests that there may be an underlying skin condition, and further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the specific cause and appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can superficial perivascular inflammation be associated with conditions like dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, superficial perivascular inflammation can be associated with conditions like dermatitis. Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin, and it can cause redness, itching, and swelling. The presence of superficial perivascular inflammation in the image may be related to the dermatitis, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2180, "image": "mA9tPgm8-f8_image_0caf582a-cf67-4611-8d57-6d4345749edd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The speaker notes that infarct-like necrosis in the lung may indicate the need to examine pulmonary arteries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung exclude the possibility of an infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung does not necessarily exclude the possibility of an infection. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of an infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The speaker notes that infarct-like necrosis in the lung may indicate the need to examine pulmonary arteries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung exclude the possibility of an infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung does not necessarily exclude the possibility of an infection. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of an infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2089, "image": "8fTgJJDIX7s_image_32d06d5e-d7e1-4402-8988-10ebf7f8b3d9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case is a borderline tumor with micropapillary features that requires further evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is one ovary described as more solid and potentially concerning compared to the other?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, one ovary is described as more solid and potentially concerning compared to the other." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case is a borderline tumor with micropapillary features that requires further evaluation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is one ovary described as more solid and potentially concerning compared to the other?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reference report indicates that one ovary is described as more solid and potentially concerning compared to the other." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1594, "image": "zQdg1p_ahKI_image_f5aee396-20e2-481b-b47d-d03b108d44b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of two pathologies in the dermis, including the grains layer appearing spared and the presence of a collection of inflammatory cells like granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are present in the biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of two pathologies in the dermis, including the grains layer appearing spared and the presence of a collection of inflammatory cells like granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are present in the biopsy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 251, "image": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fdec37-3457-4528-96eb-ef57a768602a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodule, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulomatous dermatitis characterized by the presence of histiocytic infiltrate in the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulomatous dermatitis is characterized by the presence of histiocytic infiltrate in the skin. Histiocytes are a type of immune cell that plays a role in the body's defense against infections and foreign substances. In the context of granulomatous dermatitis, the presence of histiocytic infiltrate is a key feature that helps in the diagnosis of this condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodule, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulomatous dermatitis characterized by the presence of histiocytic infiltrate in the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulomatous dermatitis is characterized by the presence of histiocytic infiltrate in the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2767, "image": "C3dx6FZacjo_image_36f0a776-f846-480d-a6d6-222f7b921aaa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma is the area of connective tissue that supports the conjunctiva. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the colloid within the thyroid follicles contain thyroid globulin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the colloid within the thyroid follicles contains thyroid globulin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma is the area of connective tissue that supports the conjunctiva. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the colloid within the thyroid follicles contain thyroid globulin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the colloid within the thyroid follicles contains thyroid globulin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 716, "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of large cells suggest a more aggressive form of lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of large cells in the image may suggest a more aggressive form of lymphoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the exact type and stage of the lymphoma. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of large cells suggest a more aggressive form of lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of large cells in the image may suggest a more aggressive form of lymphoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the exact type and stage of the lymphoma. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2289, "image": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the identification of gastric pit type epithelium help in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the identification of gastric pit type epithelium can be helpful in the differential diagnosis. It can provide valuable information about the tissue type and characteristics, which can help narrow down the possible diagnoses and guide further diagnostic tests or treatment decisions. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic findings to make a comprehensive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the identification of gastric pit type epithelium help in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the identification of gastric pit type epithelium can be helpful in the differential diagnosis. It can provide additional information about the tissue structure and cellular composition of the lesion, which can aid in determining the nature of the lesion and differentiating it from other types of lesions or conditions. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 466, "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the florid duct lesion cause the obliteration of bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the florid duct lesion in the image is causing the obliteration of bile ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the florid duct lesion cause the obliteration of bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the florid duct lesion is causing the obliteration of bile ducts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1785, "image": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_adc6d72e-9902-466a-a39f-549b504c5156.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of needle-shaped crystals in the material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates usually composed of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates are typically composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes, rather than eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of needle-shaped crystals in the material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates usually composed of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates are not usually composed of eosinophils. They are typically composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2199, "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of spongiosis in the epidermis in Case 8?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of spongiosis in the epidermis in Case 8." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of spongiosis in the epidermis in Case 8?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of spongiosis in the epidermis in Case 8." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1153, "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_3f54c49d-d8c4-41d0-9ba8-073c8bf98b0d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoepithelial cysts typically associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphoepithelial cysts are generally considered benign conditions. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoepithelial cysts typically associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphoepithelial cysts are generally considered benign conditions. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 411, "image": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cortex differentiated from the medulla by the width of the sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cortex is differentiated from the medulla by the width of the sinusoids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cortex differentiated from the medulla by the width of the sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cortex is differentiated from the medulla by the width of the sinusoids." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 264, "image": "3awkLNUybLc_image_57f72a86-4fd5-4f1d-b95e-f065bb49e26e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus a common finding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus is not a common finding. It is a rare occurrence and is often associated with sarcoidosis, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus a common finding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus is not a common finding. It is a rare condition where pancreatic tissue is found outside of its normal location and is present in the esophagus." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1354, "image": "d6_YXCxCWvU_image_8fa5ba17-5cc8-48b0-9ae9-7482cb9f49ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Emperipolesis characterized by the engulfment of one cell by another without destroying it?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Emperipolesis is characterized by the engulfment of one cell by another without destroying it." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Emperipolesis characterized by the engulfment of one cell by another without destroying it?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Emperipolesis is characterized by the engulfment of one cell by another without destroying it." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1766, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_b5e5e6e2-3d83-4f39-a154-eb6b85b15a43.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The inner layer is composed of cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is composed of syncytiotrophoblast, or fused cells with multiple nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the large atypical endothelial cells in angiosarcoma protrude into the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large atypical endothelial cells in angiosarcoma protrude into the lumen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The inner layer is composed of cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is composed of syncytiotrophoblast, or fused cells with multiple nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the large atypical endothelial cells in angiosarcoma protrude into the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large atypical endothelial cells in angiosarcoma protrude into the lumen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 470, "image": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. Further diagnostic tests, such as immunohistochemistry, would be required to differentiate between the other possibilities mentioned in the report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. Further immunohistochemical analysis is needed to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2583, "image": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_19029972-35d6-43dd-8a5b-98c97844a90d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hepatocytes are cube-like cells linked together in hepatic cords or plates. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glandular destruction in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of glandular destruction in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hepatocytes are cube-like cells linked together in hepatic cords or plates. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of glandular destruction in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of glandular destruction in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 662, "image": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_4a351d53-2aef-45da-b99c-4ac24ecf453e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solitary fibrous tumor can be confused with DFSP, but can be differentiated with NAB2, STAT6 translocation and STAT6 immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient with the discovered humeral bone lesion a female?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a female." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solitary fibrous tumor can be confused with DFSP, but can be differentiated with NAB2, STAT6 translocation and STAT6 immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the patient with the discovered humeral bone lesion a female?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient is a female." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2612, "image": "ty52S8NMOeU_image_3b0d0ecb-da9d-4dab-8b97-9d8c13b2737b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are triangular-shaped cells resembling neurons present in the adjacent neuropil?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows triangular-shaped cells resembling neurons in the adjacent neuropil." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are triangular-shaped cells resembling neurons present in the adjacent neuropil?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the triangular-shaped cells resembling neurons are present in the adjacent neuropil." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 288, "image": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of chronic inflammation surrounding a prostate gland. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the sloughing of nuclei be caused by cautery artifact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sloughing of nuclei can be caused by cautery artifact. Cautery artifacts are distortions or changes in the tissue that can occur during the cautery procedure, which is a technique used to remove or destroy abnormal tissue. These artifacts can sometimes mimic the appearance of sloughing, making it difficult to distinguish between the two." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of chronic inflammation surrounding a prostate gland. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the sloughing of nuclei be caused by cautery artifact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sloughing of nuclei can be caused by cautery artifacts. Cautery artifacts are distortions or artifacts that can occur in histopathological images due to the use of cautery during tissue processing. These artifacts can mimic the appearance of certain pathological changes, such as the sloughing of nuclei. It is important to be aware of such artifacts when interpreting histopathological images, as they can potentially lead to misdiagnosis or misinterpretation of the underlying pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1142, "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of giant cells exclusive to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of giant cells is not exclusive to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Giant cells can also be seen in meningioma, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of giant cells exclusive to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of giant cells is not exclusive to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Giant cells can also be seen in meningioma, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 804, "image": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_6d6bfc8a-a4a4-4b0c-99bd-201138c8dc45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1347, "image": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_7123f63d-0bb8-4474-a832-cc836c1ad74d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the location and characteristics of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is inter capillary glomerulosclerosis also known as nodular glomerulosclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, inter capillary glomerulosclerosis is also known as nodular glomerulosclerosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the location and characteristics of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is inter capillary glomerulosclerosis also known as nodular glomerulosclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, inter capillary glomerulosclerosis is also known as nodular glomerulosclerosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1945, "image": "SyMiaUFpQTA_image_a1ed0f2b-1d92-4e3a-b7dc-78cfe4d8a09e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hodgkin's disease present as a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hodgkin's disease can present as a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract. It is important to note that the presence of a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract can be a sign of various conditions, including Hodgkin's disease. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hodgkin's disease present as a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hodgkin's disease can present as a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract. It is important to note that the presence of a mucosal ulceration in the GI tract may be indicative of Hodgkin's disease, but further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2525, "image": "cozARb39Jl0_image_82808afb-2dc7-4d9c-8f74-5d0c14ed166f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alcohol fixation result in hemolysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, alcohol fixation can result in hemolysis, which is the breakdown of red blood cells. This is one of the characteristic features of alcohol fixation in histopathological images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alcohol fixation result in hemolysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, alcohol fixation can result in hemolysis, which is the breakdown of red blood cells. This is one of the characteristic features of alcohol fixation in histopathological images." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1085, "image": "Thwivi7yGrU_image_b519f1ec-ad77-4f84-a1f6-3ca7288133f3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer layer of the skin composed of living cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the outer layer of the skin, the cornified layer (stratum corneum), is composed of dead, flattened cells without nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer layer of the skin composed of living cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the outer layer of the skin, the cornified layer (stratum corneum), is composed of dead cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 481, "image": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the collagen fibers in the area smudgy and degenerating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the collagen fibers in the area appear to be smudgy and degenerating." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the collagen fibers in the area smudgy and degenerating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the collagen fibers in the area appear to be smudgy and degenerating." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1101, "image": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_f1a5394e-2a65-4d75-8123-2eb0004cfb1a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chromophobe cells less likely to take up stain compared to other cell types?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chromophobe cells are less likely to take up stain compared to other cell types." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chromophobe cells less likely to take up stain compared to other cell types?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chromophobe cells are less likely to take up stain compared to other cell types." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1051, "image": "jkUCIcaE4gA_image_4db9fb84-3829-4819-80a0-d8716a5ede94.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial spreading melanoma does not typically have epidermal atrophy or extensive solar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium of the serous neoplasm described as low cuboidal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelium of the serous neoplasm is described as low cuboidal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial spreading melanoma does not typically have epidermal atrophy or extensive solar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium of the serous neoplasm described as low cuboidal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelium of the serous neoplasm is described as low cuboidal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 607, "image": "VOqk__izado_image_c5a88534-21cf-45ab-a50a-a4bf1f059aab.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be associated with mismatch repair defects and may qualify the patient for immunotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is P-wing sarcoma a type of tumor found in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P-wing sarcoma is a type of tumor that can be found in the chest. It is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that typically arises in the lung or pleura, which are the thin membranes that cover the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be associated with mismatch repair defects and may qualify the patient for immunotherapy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is P-wing sarcoma a type of tumor found in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P-wing sarcoma is a type of tumor that can be found in the chest. It is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that typically affects the soft tissues of the chest, such as the muscles, fat, and connective tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2049, "image": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_8c78db15-380d-423a-8624-c2aec454af34.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EDV is often an incidental finding and may not be clinically significant when found adjacent to other lesions like basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can vacuolation artifact be present in keratinocytes without indicating an HPV effect?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vacuolation artifact can be present in keratinocytes without indicating an HPV effect." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EDV is often an incidental finding and may not be clinically significant when found adjacent to other lesions like basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can vacuolation artifact be present in keratinocytes without indicating an HPV effect?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vacuolation artifact can be present in keratinocytes without indicating an HPV effect." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 767, "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_2c7f2289-235c-4fce-b5d5-977cdb53c023.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion highly vascular in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion appears to be highly vascular in nature." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion highly vascular in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion appears to be highly vascular in nature." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2139, "image": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_30f8f965-d268-46c3-8db7-7f60860ad1e7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) a type of fibroblastic sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a type of fibroblastic sarcoma. It is a rare, slow-growing skin cancer that arises from the fibroblasts, which are cells that produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) a type of fibroblastic sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a type of fibroblastic sarcoma. It is a rare skin cancer that arises from the fibroblasts, which are the cells responsible for producing collagen and other extracellular matrix components." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2830, "image": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_f1c07ebd-f05e-4dd4-867a-e8d638c08e75.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are two growth patterns: intracanalicular and cord-like. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the compression of glands a result of stroma overgrowth in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the compression of glands in the chest pathology image is a result of stroma overgrowth." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are two growth patterns: intracanalicular and cord-like. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the compression of glands a result of stroma overgrowth in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the compression of glands in the chest pathology image is a result of stroma overgrowth." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2079, "image": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mononuclear cells present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows the presence of mononuclear cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mononuclear cells present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mononuclear cells are present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1987, "image": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the dilated and irregular appearance of the endometrial glands be a characteristic of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dilated and irregular appearance of the endometrial glands can be a characteristic of a benign condition, such as endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance. However, it is important to differentiate this from premalignant precancerous lesions like EIN, which can progress to endometrial carcinoma. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the dilated and irregular appearance of the endometrial glands be a characteristic of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dilated and irregular appearance of the endometrial glands can be a characteristic of a benign condition, such as endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance. However, it is important to differentiate this from a premalignant precancerous lesion like EIN, which can progress to endometrial carcinoma. Further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to determine the exact nature of the condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 199, "image": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the atypia be found in the superficial layers of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypia can be found in the superficial layers of the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the atypia be found in the superficial layers of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypia can be found in the superficial layers of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1855, "image": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_55b17562-3ba4-4e4b-8afe-2c734ea4093c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can sessile serrated polyps have a potential to develop into colorectal cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sessile serrated polyps can have a potential to develop into colorectal cancer. However, it is important to note that not all sessile serrated polyps will progress to cancer. The risk of progression depends on various factors, such as the size, location, and histological characteristics of the polyp. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any suspicious findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can sessile serrated polyps have a potential to develop into colorectal cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sessile serrated polyps can have a potential to develop into colorectal cancer. However, it is important to note that not all sessile serrated polyps will progress to cancer. The risk of progression depends on various factors, such as the size, location, and histological features of the polyp. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper management of any suspicious findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1944, "image": "SyMiaUFpQTA_image_a1ed0f2b-1d92-4e3a-b7dc-78cfe4d8a09e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease commonly found in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin's disease is not commonly found in the GI tract. It is a type of lymphoma that primarily affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. However, it can sometimes spread to other organs, including the GI tract." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease commonly found in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin's disease is not commonly found in the GI tract. It is a type of lymphoma that typically affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system and is not located in the GI tract." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 502, "image": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_cd0f4bb3-2d82-4e38-a253-1949c14a8a30.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show large cells with abundant cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows large cells with abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show large cells with abundant cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows large cells with abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1611, "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_c0ab8e82-5d93-4635-838d-03bc06582355.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytoma is a rare condition characterized by big histiocytes with a two-toned purple to pink cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for juvenile xanthogranuloma and reticulohistiocytoma to overlap morphologically?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for juvenile xanthogranuloma and reticulohistiocytoma to overlap morphologically. This means that the histological features of these two conditions may appear similar in some cases, making it challenging to differentiate between them based solely on their appearance under the microscope. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to accurately diagnose and distinguish between these two conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytoma is a rare condition characterized by big histiocytes with a two-toned purple to pink cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for juvenile xanthogranuloma and reticulohistiocytoma to overlap morphologically?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for juvenile xanthogranuloma and reticulohistiocytoma to overlap morphologically. This means that the appearance of the cells in both conditions may be similar, making it challenging to differentiate between them based solely on their morphology. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to accurately determine the specific condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2213, "image": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_544df297-f3ee-41cd-99c8-46c60adee544.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adrenal rest considered a spindle cell tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adrenal rest is not considered a spindle cell tumor. It is a benign lesion that can be found in various organs, including the testes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adrenal rest considered a spindle cell tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adrenal rest is not considered a spindle cell tumor. It is a benign lesion that can be found in the testes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 703, "image": "NBLxhZk_jTA_image_7e80b258-1f0e-41a0-b912-f766b5555a69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the infiltrating blood vessels indicative of an aggressive pathology in the kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of infiltrating blood vessels in the kidney is indicative of an aggressive pathology. This finding suggests that the tumor may be more aggressive and invasive, which could have implications for the patient's prognosis and treatment options." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the infiltrating blood vessels indicative of an aggressive pathology in the kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of infiltrating blood vessels in the kidney, along with the histopathological findings of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells, suggests that the pathology may be aggressive. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 483, "image": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris suggest an inflammatory process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris in the image suggests an inflammatory process. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's immune response, particularly in the defense against infections and inflammation. The presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris in the tissue sample indicates that there is an ongoing inflammatory process in the area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris suggest an inflammatory process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris in the image suggests an inflammatory process. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's immune response to infection and inflammation. The presence of neutrophilic nuclear debris indicates that there is an ongoing inflammatory process in the tissue being examined." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1392, "image": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_76c8769e-390b-4136-ac8b-ce8f6444fe7c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has small epithelial nests associated with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat ducts. Some of these nests have cystic structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of intestinal metaplasia indicative of normal tissue at the gastroesophageal junction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction is not indicative of normal tissue. It is a pathological finding that may be associated with various conditions, such as Barrett's esophagus or other gastrointestinal disorders. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has small epithelial nests associated with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat ducts. Some of these nests have cystic structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of intestinal metaplasia indicative of normal tissue at the gastroesophageal junction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction is not indicative of normal tissue. Intestinal metaplasia is a condition where the normal tissue lining the gastroesophageal junction is replaced by intestinal-type cells. This can be a sign of an underlying disease or condition, such as Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Further evaluation and consultation with a healthcare professional are necessary to determine the cause and appropriate treatment for the patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1136, "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can spongiotic dermatitis be associated with an allergic reaction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, spongiotic dermatitis can be associated with an allergic reaction. Spongiotic dermatitis is a type of eczema characterized by the presence of spongiosis, which is the accumulation of fluid in the skin's layers. This condition can be triggered by various factors, including allergic reactions. However, it is important to note that the presence of spongiotic dermatitis alone does not necessarily indicate an allergic reaction. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the dermatitis and to establish an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can spongiotic dermatitis be associated with an allergic reaction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, spongiotic dermatitis can be associated with an allergic reaction. Spongiotic dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by the presence of spongiosis, which is the accumulation of fluid in the skin's layers. This can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions. However, it is important to note that spongiotic dermatitis can also be caused by other factors, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or other skin conditions. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 776, "image": "7DGwEF3aQ_k_image_852a7255-190c-44dd-9f3e-9425192fa6a3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histologic changes are more pronounced in larger bile ducts than in smaller bile ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can microvilli be individually resolved using a light microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microvilli cannot be individually resolved using a light microscope." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histologic changes are more pronounced in larger bile ducts than in smaller bile ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can microvilli be individually resolved using a light microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microvilli cannot be individually resolved using a light microscope." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2785, "image": "9AxhWoi0vcU_image_5d8766da-8d13-43a4-acf2-2d277c488bcc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Granulovacuolar degeneration is an important finding in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cobblestone appearance in Crohn's disease typically affect the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cobblestone appearance is not typically seen in the lungs. It is more commonly associated with Crohn's disease in the gastrointestinal tract." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Granulovacuolar degeneration is an important finding in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cobblestone appearance in Crohn's disease typically affect the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cobblestone appearance in Crohn's disease is typically observed in the gastrointestinal tract, not the lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1957, "image": "KknwmereLfw_image_00e967f1-81bc-4217-b71c-129ae150d30c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the large histiocytes in the non-cystic lesions have pale cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large histiocytes in the non-cystic lesions have pale cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the large histiocytes in the non-cystic lesions have pale cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the large histiocytes in the non-cystic lesions have pale cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2093, "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of the capsule and trabeculae be indicative of a normal lymph node architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of the capsule and trabeculae in the image can be indicative of a normal lymph node architecture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of the capsule and trabeculae be indicative of a normal lymph node architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of the capsule and trabeculae in the image can be indicative of a normal lymph node architecture. This means that the lymph node appears to have a typical structure and organization, which is consistent with a healthy lymph node." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1686, "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma are typically benign." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma are typically benign." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 633, "image": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct typically found in the dermis for a poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct is typically found in the dermis for a poroma. In this case, the eccrine duct is confined to the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct typically found in the dermis for a poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct is typically found in the epidermis for a poroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2082, "image": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of acute inflammation in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is little acute inflammation present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of acute inflammation in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is little acute inflammation present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 950, "image": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_0b9c95f1-7b60-4d75-8a40-916e7de96403.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the skin section entirely normal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the skin section is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the skin section entirely normal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the skin section is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2550, "image": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_d6ce53ab-3831-4010-82fd-7ef55c456f35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hypercellular fascicles with mitotic activity are concerning for transformation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are broad fascicles of cells typically associated with a sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, broad fascicles of cells are often associated with sarcomas. Sarcomas are a type of cancer that arise from connective tissues, such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and blood vessels. The presence of broad fascicles of cells in the image may suggest the possibility of a sarcoma, but further diagnostic tests and analysis would be needed to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hypercellular fascicles with mitotic activity are concerning for transformation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are broad fascicles of cells typically associated with a sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, broad fascicles of cells are typically associated with a sarcoma. Sarcomas are a type of cancer that arises from the cells of the body's connective tissues, such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and blood vessels. The presence of broad fascicles of cells in the image suggests that the lesion may be a sarcoma, but further diagnostic tests and analysis would be needed to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2328, "image": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lipid leakage into the dermis occur due to high triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lipid leakage into the dermis can occur due to high triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lipid leakage into the dermis occur due to high triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lipid leakage into the dermis can occur due to high triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2352, "image": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_541a715b-6e94-4f9a-ae82-ea7a01e44f2d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the fibrosis in the lungs indicate a chronic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fibrosis in the lungs could be indicative of a chronic condition. Interstitial fibrosis is often idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown, and it can be associated with various chronic lung diseases. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the fibrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the fibrosis in the lungs indicate a chronic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, interstitial fibrosis can be a sign of a chronic condition. It is a process in which the lung tissue becomes thickened and scarred, which can lead to reduced lung function and difficulty breathing. The exact cause of the fibrosis may be idiopathic, meaning it has no known cause, or it could be due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to certain environmental factors. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the fibrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 154, "image": "KO291SXq44U_image_598b0bc5-08c4-4407-ae29-e49a5e466ea3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mast cells noted in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mast cells is not noted in the inflammatory response." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mast cells noted in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mast cells are not noted in the inflammatory response in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 655, "image": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tonsil have a keratinized epithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tonsil does not have a keratinized epithelial layer. Instead, it is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tonsil have a keratinized epithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tonsil in the image does not have a keratinized epithelial layer. Instead, it is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2493, "image": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_a4bdea91-b93e-4da7-a0cb-557ff5a71ade.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may undergo cystic changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of giant cells indicate a possible infectious process like tuberculosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of giant cells in the pathological image can be an indication of a possible infectious process like tuberculosis. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may undergo cystic changes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of giant cells indicate a possible infectious process like tuberculosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of giant cells in the image may be suggestive of a possible infectious process like tuberculosis. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 92, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_cd0a9fe0-dd37-473e-9cbb-22484b383631.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells lining the lesion lightly staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells lining the lesion are darkly staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells lining the lesion lightly staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells lining the lesion are darkly staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2443, "image": "rNKX-r-lQC8_image_06f8745e-7b18-4bd9-aac2-d7e95de548c9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction shows production of IgE and recruitment of inflammatory cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute allergic interstitial nephritis always caused by infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, acute allergic interstitial nephritis is not always caused by infections. It can also be caused by other factors, such as medications, food allergies, or other environmental factors. The image and report provided are examples of different causes of acute allergic interstitial nephritis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction shows production of IgE and recruitment of inflammatory cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute allergic interstitial nephritis always caused by infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, acute allergic interstitial nephritis is not always caused by infections. It can also be caused by other factors, such as medications or other allergens." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 923, "image": "98Z5T4AWfUI_image_06359c81-da33-4f12-98a8-206a70e1add7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is stromal hyalinization a common feature in some types of tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, stromal hyalinization can be a common feature in some types of tumors. It refers to the accumulation of hyaline material within the stroma, which is the supportive tissue surrounding the tumor cells. This hyalinization can be seen in various types of tumors and can be an important diagnostic feature when evaluating the pathological image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is stromal hyalinization a common feature in some types of tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, stromal hyalinization can be a common feature in some types of tumors. It refers to the accumulation of hyaline material in the stroma, which is the supportive tissue surrounding the tumor cells. This hyalinization can be seen in various types of tumors and may be associated with different histological types." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1202, "image": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_746f4beb-9ba2-4e60-8be4-74a15f726081.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poorly differentiated lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a lesion with sebaceous gland differentiation be indicated by adipophilin staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adipophilin staining can be used to help identify and differentiate between various types of lesions, including sebaceous gland carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. The staining pattern can provide valuable information about the cellular composition and characteristics of the lesion, which can aid in the diagnosis and classification of the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poorly differentiated lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a lesion with sebaceous gland differentiation be indicated by adipophilin staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adipophilin staining can be used to help identify lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation. Adipophilin is a protein that is often expressed in sebaceous gland cells, so its presence in a lesion may suggest a sebaceous gland origin. However, it is important to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 769, "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_2c7f2289-235c-4fce-b5d5-977cdb53c023.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion contain erythrocytes within the blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion contains erythrocytes within the blood vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion contain erythrocytes within the blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion contains erythrocytes within the blood vessels." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 180, "image": "mZyNihzHysk_image_4206be72-df0f-47ad-9cea-ad2741dacd95.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Markers for epithelial cells such as P40, P63, or CK56 and pan-cytokeratin or OSKR are more meaningful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glial cells involved in supporting neuronal function?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glial cells play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function. They provide structural and metabolic support to neurons, help maintain the extracellular environment, and contribute to the regulation of synaptic transmission." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Markers for epithelial cells such as P40, P63, or CK56 and pan-cytokeratin or OSKR are more meaningful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glial cells involved in supporting neuronal function?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glial cells play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function. They provide structural and metabolic support to neurons, help maintain the extracellular environment, and contribute to the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 610, "image": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of papillae and papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicate onychomatricoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillae and papillary-like structures in the nail plate can be indicative of onychomatricoma. Onychomatricoma is a benign, non-cancerous growth that can occur in the nail matrix. It is characterized by the presence of these structures, which can cause the nail to appear thickened and irregular." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of papillae and papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicate onychomatricoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillae and papillary-like structures in the nail plate can be indicative of onychomatricoma. Onychomatricoma is a benign, non-cancerous growth of the nail matrix, characterized by the presence of these structures. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2753, "image": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornified layer (stratum corneum) characterized by the presence of nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cornified layer (stratum corneum) in the image is not characterized by the presence of nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornified layer (stratum corneum) characterized by the presence of nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cornified layer (stratum corneum) is not characterized by the presence of nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2859, "image": "LP5rxqtCm7c_image_61e9c6b6-0c8a-4a77-ae58-878a729e5635.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical cells found in the tissue section suggestive of a possible neoplastic process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of hyperchromatic and atypical cells in the tissue section is suggestive of a possible neoplastic process. However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical cells found in the tissue section suggestive of a possible neoplastic process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of hyperchromatic and atypical cells in the tissue section is suggestive of a possible neoplastic process. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the exact nature of the neoplastic process and to establish an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1719, "image": "VKEruy8apqY_image_ecf301c5-7cb9-4ee8-91e3-b6dc1412c1ea.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ require a combination of histological and immunohistochemical analyses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ often requires a combination of histological and immunohistochemical analyses. This is because the combination of these two techniques can provide more comprehensive and accurate information about the tissue and cellular changes, which can help in the diagnosis and classification of the condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ require a combination of histological and immunohistochemical analyses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ often requires a combination of histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histological analysis involves examining the microscopic structure of the tissue, while immunohistochemical analysis involves using antibodies to detect specific proteins or markers in the tissue. Both methods together can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the tissue and help in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2646, "image": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poorly differentiated cells typically seen in benign tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, poorly differentiated cells are not typically seen in benign tumors. They are more commonly associated with malignant tumors, such as basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, which is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poorly differentiated cells typically seen in benign tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, poorly differentiated cells are not typically seen in benign tumors. They are more commonly associated with malignant or cancerous tumors, such as basaloid squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3050, "image": "VKEruy8apqY_image_ecf301c5-7cb9-4ee8-91e3-b6dc1412c1ea.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the negativity of Cytokeratin 20 in the suspicious area definitively rule out malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the negativity of Cytokeratin 20 in the suspicious area does not definitively rule out malignancy. It is important to consider other diagnostic factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the negativity of Cytokeratin 20 in the suspicious area definitively rule out malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the negativity of Cytokeratin 20 in the suspicious area does not definitively rule out malignancy. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 919, "image": "dizemqdPA8g_image_94389f16-cde6-481b-963f-9d68db204426.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in poroma cuboidal in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in poroma are typically cuboidal in shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in poroma cuboidal in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in poroma are cuboidal in shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 614, "image": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland consist of loose connective tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is composed of loose connective tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland consist of loose connective tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is composed of loose connective tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2009, "image": "TpYikXO-DfM_image_52674956-cf8d-4501-ae39-30455bf90b7f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In late phase PBC, bile duct loss occurs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MRCP primarily used to assess lung pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MRCP is primarily used to assess liver and bile duct pathology. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed images of the bile ducts and surrounding liver tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In late phase PBC, bile duct loss occurs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MRCP primarily used to assess lung pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MRCP is primarily used to assess bile duct pathology in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1498, "image": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the chicken wire pattern vasculature characteristic of clear cell renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chicken wire pattern vasculature is a characteristic feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the chicken wire pattern vasculature characteristic of clear cell renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chicken wire pattern vasculature is a characteristic feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1185, "image": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d3e3b103-d7a3-4cbc-8251-f074183a45bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fibrous and whirling meningothelial cells be found in normal lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrous and whirling meningothelial cells are not typically found in normal lung tissue. They are more commonly associated with certain types of tumors, such as meningiomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fibrous and whirling meningothelial cells be found in normal lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrous and whirling meningothelial cells are not typically found in normal lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2667, "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_7b75b220-ec02-4571-8132-bab1faed75bd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies can form in many pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are psammoma bodies indicative of a benign condition only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psammoma bodies can form in both benign and malignant conditions. They are not specific to any particular condition and can be found in various pathological situations." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies can form in many pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are psammoma bodies indicative of a benign condition only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psammoma bodies can be found in various pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid. They are not specific to any one condition and should be considered in the context of the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2755, "image": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the stratum corneum typically nucleated?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the stratum corneum are typically nucleated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the stratum corneum typically nucleated?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the stratum corneum are typically nucleated." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1970, "image": "CHU-464bph8_image_609263b9-f985-4311-8c3c-d63193dc880c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is delineated from the non-neoplastic brain tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of tumor cells within blood vessels suggestive of possible metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of tumor cells within blood vessels, as seen in the image, is suggestive of possible metastasis. Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body. In this case, the presence of tumor cells within blood vessels indicates that the tumor may have spread to other areas, which is a concerning finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is delineated from the non-neoplastic brain tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of tumor cells within blood vessels suggestive of possible metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of tumor cells within blood vessels, as seen in the image, is suggestive of possible metastasis. This means that the tumor cells may have spread from their original location to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1372, "image": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_903c80af-d55b-4166-8156-3d5d47224ea5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the silver stain be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the silver stain cannot be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity. It is important to note that the silver stain is not specific for melanocytes and can cross-react with other structures in the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the silver stain be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the silver stain cannot be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity. It is important to consider other staining techniques and clinical information when evaluating the presence of melanocytes in a pathological image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 423, "image": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_dc89033f-4a60-4f72-a1da-cf31d5ba66f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils is characteristic for clear cell acanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clear cell acanthoma considered a malignant lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell acanthoma is not considered a malignant lesion. It is a benign skin condition that typically presents as a solitary, painless, firm, and slow-growing nodule on the trunk or extremities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils is characteristic for clear cell acanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clear cell acanthoma considered a malignant lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell acanthoma is not considered a malignant lesion. It is a benign skin condition that typically does not require treatment unless it causes discomfort or cosmetic concerns." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 761, "image": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_b15a0cd8-0ec2-402c-8fdf-5f133ccc081a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can LSNA be referred to as morphia when it involves both the papillary and reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, LSNA can be referred to as morphia when it involves both the papillary and reticular dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can LSNA be referred to as morphia when it involves both the papillary and reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, LSNA can be referred to as morphia when it involves both the papillary and reticular dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 412, "image": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are wide sinusoids a feature of the cortex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, wide sinusoids are not a feature of the cortex." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are wide sinusoids a feature of the cortex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, wide sinusoids are not a feature of the cortex in this particular image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 708, "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the salivary gland considered rare?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the salivary gland is considered rare." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the salivary gland considered rare?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the salivary gland is considered rare." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2253, "image": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_7e915a02-04e4-4cec-95ab-e0dcb80dc2e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Paneth cells typically found in the upper layers of the small intestine crypts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Paneth cells are typically found at the base of the crypts of the small intestine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Paneth cells typically found in the upper layers of the small intestine crypts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Paneth cells are typically found at the base of the crypts of the small intestine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1702, "image": "sohlZtwTs-w_image_d9c2eee2-75f4-4626-9bd9-55501e78b274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The term HSIL is used for high grade dysplasia that is HPV driven in the anal genital region and includes bowenoid papulosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of X mitoses near the granular layer suggest high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of X mitoses near the granular layer in the anal genital region is suggestive of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The term HSIL is used for high grade dysplasia that is HPV driven in the anal genital region and includes bowenoid papulosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of X mitoses near the granular layer suggest high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of X mitoses near the granular layer in the image is suggestive of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1627, "image": "keSHQoiWm3c_image_93a6c29a-d5fe-490d-b018-fe4672f4b435.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Complete lack of colloid is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the atypical appearance of peripheral cells to lead to a potential misdiagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypical appearance of peripheral cells in the image could potentially lead to a misdiagnosis. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to accurately determine the diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Complete lack of colloid is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the atypical appearance of peripheral cells to lead to a potential misdiagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for the atypical appearance of peripheral cells to lead to a potential misdiagnosis. The presence of atypical cells in the periphery of the tumor can sometimes cause confusion and make it more challenging to accurately diagnose the condition. It is important for healthcare professionals to carefully evaluate the image and consider the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests to arrive at an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 757, "image": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteochondroma considered a benign bone tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteochondroma is generally considered a benign bone tumor. It is a type of bone tumor that typically grows slowly and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any bone-related condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteochondroma considered a benign bone tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteochondroma is generally considered a benign bone tumor. It is a non-cancerous growth that typically does not spread to other parts of the body. However, it is important to monitor and manage osteochondromas, as they can sometimes cause pain, discomfort, or other complications depending on their size and location." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2257, "image": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pagetoid spread indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of pagetoid spread is not indicative of a benign condition. It is more commonly associated with malignant melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pagetoid spread indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of pagetoid spread is not indicative of a benign condition. It is more commonly associated with malignant melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1781, "image": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_6f8d6e92-95dd-4a94-b2ae-ad88849bee45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are savant bodies a type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, savant bodies are a type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte. Dyskeratotic keratinocytes are abnormal skin cells that have undergone premature keratinization, which means they have produced keratin, a protein that provides structural support to the skin, before reaching their full maturity. Savant bodies are a specific type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte that have a characteristic appearance, often described as \"savant\" or \"grape-like\" clusters of dead keratin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are savant bodies a type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, savant bodies are a type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte. Dyskeratotic keratinocytes are abnormal skin cells that have undergone premature keratinization, which can lead to various skin conditions. Savant bodies are a specific type of dyskeratotic keratinocyte that have a characteristic appearance, often described as \"savant\" or \"grape-like.\"" } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1276, "image": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it easy to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is difficult to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it easy to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is difficult to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2706, "image": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma usually filled with air?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma are not usually filled with air." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma usually filled with air?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma are usually filled with fluid." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1776, "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen play a role in the collection of red blood cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen play a role in the collection of red blood cells. They are part of the splenic circulation, which helps filter, recycle, and store red blood cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen play a role in the collection of red blood cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen play a role in the collection of red blood cells. They are part of the spleen's vascular system and are responsible for filtering and collecting red blood cells from the bloodstream." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1196, "image": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granules within macrophages golden brown in color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granules within macrophages are golden brown in color." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granules within macrophages golden brown in color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granules within macrophages appear to be golden brown in color." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1072, "image": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_eb6a634b-7d79-4699-8354-319a6c6f5320.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Asymmetry of pigment, with more pigment on one half of a lesion than the other, can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary to consider asymmetry of pigment when diagnosing melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, asymmetry of pigment can be an important factor to consider when evaluating a lesion for the possibility of melanoma. However, it is essential to consider other clinical and histopathological features, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Asymmetry of pigment, with more pigment on one half of a lesion than the other, can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary to consider asymmetry of pigment when diagnosing melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, asymmetry of pigment can be an important factor to consider when evaluating a lesion for the presence of melanoma. However, it is important to note that asymmetry of pigment alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. A thorough examination of the lesion, including its size, shape, color, and other clinical features, as well as additional diagnostic tests, is necessary to determine the presence or absence of melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2974, "image": "XNF71N5C1hE_image_87d12d6d-3672-4217-ac9e-86374d941e1f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells seen on low power appear to be largely lymphocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described likely a papule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion described in the image is likely a papule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells seen on low power appear to be largely lymphocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described likely a papule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion described in the image is likely a papule." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 409, "image": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medulla characterized by wide sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the medulla in the image is characterized by wide sinusoids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medulla characterized by wide sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the medulla in the image is characterized by wide sinusoids." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1523, "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is woven bone solely associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, woven bone is not solely associated with benign conditions. While it is true that woven bone is generally considered abnormal, it is not always malignant. The presence of woven bone in a pathological image should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is woven bone solely associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, woven bone is not solely associated with benign conditions. It can be found in both benign and malignant conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1484, "image": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does inflammatory carcinoma involve nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows inflammatory carcinoma involving nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does inflammatory carcinoma involve nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows inflammatory carcinoma involving nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 263, "image": "3awkLNUybLc_image_57f72a86-4fd5-4f1d-b95e-f065bb49e26e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus potentially lead to pancreatic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus can potentially lead to pancreatic lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus potentially lead to pancreatic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pancreatic heterotopia in the esophagus can potentially lead to pancreatic lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2286, "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of metastasis mentioned in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the report does not mention any signs of metastasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of metastasis mentioned in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of metastasis mentioned in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 133, "image": "dwKK8Hq92oA_image_cd63d032-779b-4903-ac9a-b61c0909f095.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is an acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nerve tumors, such as plexiform schwannoma, capable of presenting in the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nerve tumors, like plexiform schwannoma, can present in the skin. These tumors can arise from the peripheral nerves and may extend into the skin, causing various symptoms and complications depending on their size, location, and growth rate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is an acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nerve tumors, such as plexiform schwannoma, capable of presenting in the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nerve tumors, such as plexiform schwannoma, can present in the skin. These tumors can grow and extend into the skin, causing various symptoms and complications depending on their size, location, and the specific type of nerve involved." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2600, "image": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ductal epithelial hyperplasia a condition involving the proliferation of ductal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ductal epithelial hyperplasia is a condition where there is an abnormal increase in the number of ductal cells. This can be a precursor to more serious conditions, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, which is a non-invasive form of breast cancer. It is important to monitor and manage this condition appropriately." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ductal epithelial hyperplasia a condition involving the proliferation of ductal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ductal epithelial hyperplasia is a condition where there is an increase in the number of ductal cells, which can lead to the formation of abnormal growths or lesions. This can be seen in the image provided." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 320, "image": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are benign bone tumors such as osteoblastoma associated with bone production?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, benign bone tumors like osteoblastoma are associated with bone production. They are characterized by the formation of new bone tissue, which can be seen in the pathological image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are benign bone tumors such as osteoblastoma associated with bone production?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, benign bone tumors like osteoblastoma are associated with bone production. They are characterized by the formation of new bone tissue, which can be seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 451, "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the epithelial aggregates present in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelial aggregates are present in the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the epithelial aggregates present in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelial aggregates are present in the dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1918, "image": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the architecture closely conscribed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the architecture in the image is closely conscribed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the architecture closely conscribed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the architecture in the image is closely conscribed." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 471, "image": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the differentiation include considering pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the differentiation in the context includes considering pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the differentiation include considering pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the differentiation in the image and report includes considering pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2408, "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_38b50799-4541-4c9c-906f-00690612e0ae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are unusual heterologous components a feature of differentiated liposarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, unusual heterologous components are a feature of differentiated liposarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are unusual heterologous components a feature of differentiated liposarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, unusual heterologous components are a feature of differentiated liposarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3063, "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body identified in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the foreign body is identified in the sub corneal layer, which is a layer beneath the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body identified in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the foreign body is identified in the sub corneal layer, which is a layer beneath the cornea." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1261, "image": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_5774fa74-d538-4a95-9957-238c9e154918.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the white chalky material from the proximal nail indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the white chalky material from the proximal nail is considered to be indicative of a bacterial infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the white chalky material from the proximal nail indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the white chalky material from the proximal nail is considered to be indicative of a bacterial infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1815, "image": "Qq1iEIG9A0Q_image_eb8de21d-d025-4d22-8630-130a0f0f6dba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium is thinning out and becoming a simple columnar form. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of koilocytes alone confirm cervical cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of koilocytes alone cannot confirm cervical cancer. Koilocytes are a type of abnormal cell that can be seen in various conditions, including cervical cancer, but their presence alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation and testing, such as a biopsy, would be necessary to confirm the presence of cervical cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium is thinning out and becoming a simple columnar form. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of koilocytes alone confirm cervical cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of koilocytes alone cannot confirm cervical cancer. Koilocytes are abnormal cells that can be seen in various conditions, including cervical cancer, but they are not specific to this disease. Further evaluation and testing are needed to confirm a diagnosis of cervical cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3084, "image": "gkCnXlJy7u4_image_73a68e51-69b4-4d63-9de4-6483a08df2ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a myometrial invasive tumor with scattered preserved glands and cellular stromal proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is maturation uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the maturation is not uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a myometrial invasive tumor with scattered preserved glands and cellular stromal proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is maturation uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the maturation is not uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1154, "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_3f54c49d-d8c4-41d0-9ba8-073c8bf98b0d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do adenolymphomas commonly originate in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adenolymphomas do not commonly originate in the lung tissue. They are typically found in the lymphatic system, particularly in the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do adenolymphomas commonly originate in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adenolymphomas do not commonly originate in the lung tissue. They are more commonly found in the salivary glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1145, "image": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are normal cardiomyocytes characterized by central nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal cardiomyocytes are characterized by central nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are normal cardiomyocytes characterized by central nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal cardiomyocytes are characterized by central nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1814, "image": "Qq1iEIG9A0Q_image_eb8de21d-d025-4d22-8630-130a0f0f6dba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium is thinning out and becoming a simple columnar form. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are koilocytes usually found in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, koilocytes are not typically found in the lung tissue. They are more commonly associated with the cervix and are often seen in cervical smears." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium is thinning out and becoming a simple columnar form. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are koilocytes usually found in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, koilocytes are not typically found in the lung tissue. They are more commonly associated with cervical tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1409, "image": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_a292f0f6-117a-4b02-9463-4a75d0517dd7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample suggest an absence of inflammatory processes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sample suggests the presence of inflammatory processes, as evidenced by the acanthosis, elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample suggest an absence of inflammatory processes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sample does not suggest an absence of inflammatory processes. The image shows signs of inflammation, such as acanthosis, elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3045, "image": "gAxOEtY_hR0_image_850e346f-b982-4bd6-ba6b-24ad74148e25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of an MPGN pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the neoplastic epithelium exhibit papillary architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neoplastic epithelium in the image exhibits papillary architecture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of an MPGN pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the neoplastic epithelium exhibit papillary architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neoplastic epithelium in the image exhibits papillary architecture." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 721, "image": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do umbrella cells play a role in the maturation of the urothelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, umbrella cells play a role in the maturation of the urothelium. They are specialized cells that cover the surface of the urothelium and help maintain its integrity and function." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do umbrella cells play a role in the maturation of the urothelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, umbrella cells play a role in the maturation of the urothelium. They are specialized cells that cover the surface of the urothelium, which is the lining of the urinary tract. Umbrella cells help maintain the integrity and function of the urothelium by providing support and protection to the underlying cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1673, "image": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_8c28de54-11fc-4fe0-8a39-1fce0021d7b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin a neuroendocrine marker?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, synaptophysin is a neuroendocrine marker. It is a protein that is commonly used as a marker for neuroendocrine cells and tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin a neuroendocrine marker?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, synaptophysin is a neuroendocrine marker. It is a protein that is commonly used as a marker for neuroendocrine cells and tumors. It is often used in immunohistochemical staining to help identify and diagnose neuroendocrine tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2599, "image": "k-3ZRskS9QA_image_de466d9b-d564-41f1-8bd0-c8c53ff89727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not located in the epidermis. It is located in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is located in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2858, "image": "LP5rxqtCm7c_image_61e9c6b6-0c8a-4a77-ae58-878a729e5635.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyperchromatic cells be observed in normal, healthy tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyperchromatic cells are not typically observed in normal, healthy tissue. The presence of hyperchromatic cells in a tissue section may indicate an abnormality or pathological condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyperchromatic cells be observed in normal, healthy tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyperchromatic cells are not typically observed in normal, healthy tissue. They are often associated with abnormal or pathological conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 31, "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_484af07d-9b6a-4e64-a1eb-c59535f5e5bd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trichomalacia can cause fracturing of the internal root sheath. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the solid and de-differentiated part mostly exophytic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the solid and de-differentiated part is mostly exophytic." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trichomalacia can cause fracturing of the internal root sheath. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the solid and de-differentiated part mostly exophytic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the solid and de-differentiated part is mostly exophytic, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2893, "image": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor a primary ovarian carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that the tumor is a metastasis from a primary ovarian carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor a primary ovarian carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that the Kurkenberg tumor is a metastatic ovarian carcinoma, which means it is a cancer that has spread from another part of the body to the ovary." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2191, "image": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_b17a555d-01c4-423b-9cda-3e84450a575c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CK7 typically used to identify lymphoid cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CK7 is not typically used to identify lymphoid cells in chest pathology. It is more commonly used to identify other types of cells, such as epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CK7 typically used to identify lymphoid cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CK7 is not typically used to identify lymphoid cells in chest pathology. It is used to identify lymphoid cells in other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 336, "image": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of malignant osteoid without intervening stroma between osteoblasts indicative of osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of malignant osteoid without intervening stroma between osteoblasts is a characteristic feature of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of malignant osteoid without intervening stroma between osteoblasts indicative of osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of malignant osteoid without intervening stroma between osteoblasts is considered a characteristic feature of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2076, "image": "GQ9Bk66N890_image_3d8ef007-9887-4fc6-b630-ec4068d1df0d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The basal part of gastric glands is more basophilic due to higher concentration of chief cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the primary function of surface mucus cells to absorb nutrients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary function of surface mucus cells is to secrete mucus, which helps protect the gastric lining and aids in the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The basal part of gastric glands is more basophilic due to higher concentration of chief cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the primary function of surface mucus cells to absorb nutrients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary function of surface mucus cells is to secrete mucus, which helps protect and lubricate the lining of the stomach and intestines." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2668, "image": "chx1gb1LuIc_image_32335a4e-4e9a-409e-b737-45317f96781b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The bright red-orange color seen in a tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Congo red stain used to identify amyloid protein in tissue sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Congo red stain is used to identify amyloid protein in tissue sections. The bright red-orange color seen in the tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The bright red-orange color seen in a tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Congo red stain used to identify amyloid protein in tissue sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Congo red stain is commonly used to identify amyloid protein in tissue sections. The bright red-orange color seen in the tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1622, "image": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous differentiation typically imply malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous differentiation does not typically imply malignant transformation. It is a normal process in the development of certain types of skin cells. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous differentiation typically imply malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous differentiation does not typically imply malignant transformation. Sebaceous differentiation refers to the presence of sebaceous glands in the tissue, which are glands that produce sebum, an oily substance that helps protect the skin and hair. The presence of sebaceous glands in the tissue can be a normal finding or may be associated with certain conditions, but it does not necessarily indicate malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2268, "image": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_98d7547d-4402-4af6-8565-4afcc37e88de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of pseudovillus is alarming and requires further investigation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does duodenal coccidioidomycosis lead to complete villous atrophy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows complete villous atrophy in the duodenum, which is associated with duodenal coccidioidomycosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of pseudovillus is alarming and requires further investigation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does duodenal coccidioidomycosis lead to complete villous atrophy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that duodenal coccidioidomycosis can lead to complete villous atrophy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3007, "image": "reoEVXvoUmI_image_032db061-9001-44be-8c6a-c4d45d40fa27.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Disruption and shedding of cells, surface epithelium, stroma, glands, and blood vessels during the menses phase. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cheerio formation typical of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cheerio formation is not typical of squamous cells. It is a characteristic feature of cuboidal cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Disruption and shedding of cells, surface epithelium, stroma, glands, and blood vessels during the menses phase. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cheerio formation typical of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cheerio formation is not typical of squamous cells. It is a characteristic feature of certain types of cells, such as epithelial cells. In this case, the presence of squamous cells in the image suggests that the cheerio formation is not a feature of these cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2329, "image": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eruptive xanthomas primarily a result of low triglyceride levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eruptive xanthomas are not primarily a result of low triglyceride levels. They are typically associated with high triglyceride levels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eruptive xanthomas primarily a result of low triglyceride levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eruptive xanthomas are not primarily a result of low triglyceride levels. They are typically associated with high triglyceride levels." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1963, "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_095293af-c5f4-4c77-a3e2-cdc37de1f907.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all astrocytic tumors with necrosis classified as glioblastomas regardless of molecular findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all astrocytic tumors with necrosis are classified as glioblastomas. The classification of astrocytic tumors with necrosis depends on various factors, including molecular findings, histological features, and clinical presentation. It is important to consider all of these factors when determining the specific type and grade of the tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all astrocytic tumors with necrosis classified as glioblastomas regardless of molecular findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all astrocytic tumors with necrosis are classified as glioblastomas. The classification of astrocytic tumors depends on various factors, including molecular findings, histological features, and clinical presentation. It is important to consider all relevant information when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1002, "image": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sebaceoma considered a malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a sebaceoma is generally considered a benign tumor. However, it is important to note that sebaceomas can sometimes exhibit features that may raise suspicion for malignancy, such as pleomorphism, atypical mitoses, or an infiltrative growth pattern. In such cases, further evaluation and testing may be necessary to determine the nature of the tumor and to guide appropriate treatment and management." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sebaceoma considered a malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a sebaceoma is not considered a malignant tumor. It is a benign growth that arises from the sebaceous glands. However, it is important to monitor sebaceomas for any changes, as they can sometimes undergo malignant transformation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 325, "image": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration can contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. It is important to note that the severity of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is best correlated with the presence of neurofibrillary tangles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration can contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. It is important to note that the severity of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is best correlated with the presence of neurofibrillary tangles." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 852, "image": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_af51d0d9-194d-4f60-b8ac-264cf6b9663a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The granular layer is lost as the cells move towards the tricollemal zone. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are purple deposits in subcutaneous tissue indicative of calcium deposition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, purple deposits in subcutaneous tissue can be indicative of calcium deposition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The granular layer is lost as the cells move towards the tricollemal zone. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are purple deposits in subcutaneous tissue indicative of calcium deposition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, purple deposits in subcutaneous tissue can be indicative of calcium deposition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1295, "image": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hemoptysis be a sign of lung hemorrhage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hemoptysis, or the coughing up of blood, can be a sign of lung hemorrhage. Hemorrhage in the lung can be acute or chronic, and it may present as red blood cells in alveoli or brownish due to hemosiderin formation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hemoptysis be a sign of lung hemorrhage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hemoptysis, or the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the lungs, can be a sign of lung hemorrhage. Hemorrhage in the lungs can be caused by various factors, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or trauma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of hemoptysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 467, "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are florid duct lesions typically found in the alveoli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, florid duct lesions are not typically found in the alveoli. They are more commonly found in the bile ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are florid duct lesions typically found in the alveoli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, florid duct lesions are typically found in the bile ducts, not in the alveoli." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1349, "image": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_7123f63d-0bb8-4474-a832-cc836c1ad74d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the location and characteristics of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion associated with diabetic nephropathy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion is associated with diabetic nephropathy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the location and characteristics of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion associated with diabetic nephropathy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion is associated with diabetic nephropathy in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 9, "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_e980090e-fed8-4117-970e-1898766483ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis primarily located in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis are primarily located in the epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis primarily located in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis are primarily located in the epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2195, "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_63bb0c55-4f02-4a4e-9efe-d775eba72122.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is likely an astrocytic tumor based on ATRX positivity in internal control and negativity in tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit a loss of nuclear stain for ATRX?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor exhibits a loss of nuclear stain for ATRX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is likely an astrocytic tumor based on ATRX positivity in internal control and negativity in tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit a loss of nuclear stain for ATRX?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor exhibits a loss of nuclear stain for ATRX." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2645, "image": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poorly differentiated cells a hallmark of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, poorly differentiated cells are a hallmark of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer is characterized by the presence of these poorly differentiated cells, which are often associated with a more aggressive behavior and a higher risk of lymph node metastasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poorly differentiated cells a hallmark of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, poorly differentiated cells are a hallmark of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer is characterized by cells that appear more abnormal and less like normal cells, which is often associated with a more aggressive behavior and a poorer prognosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2188, "image": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_9547c15c-2b4b-459c-8327-99d972745788.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are vesicles a common finding in the histopathology of eczema?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vesicles are a common finding in the histopathology of eczema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are vesicles a common finding in the histopathology of eczema?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, vesicles are a common finding in the histopathology of eczema." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 758, "image": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endochondromas commonly found in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endochondromas are more commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endochondromas commonly found in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endochondromas are not commonly found in the chest region. They are typically found in the long bones of the body, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1501, "image": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can clear cell renal cell carcinoma be identified by the absence of vasculature patterns?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell renal cell carcinoma cannot be identified by the absence of vasculature patterns." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can clear cell renal cell carcinoma be identified by the absence of vasculature patterns?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell renal cell carcinoma cannot be identified by the absence of vasculature patterns." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2305, "image": "r8Uxu6j1u4s_image_63af81e1-a832-4e7e-8128-fcc897dabae3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Macrophages with engulfed bacteria seen in Whipple\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eccentric and central aspects mentioned in the description of the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor is described as having both eccentric and central aspects." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Macrophages with engulfed bacteria seen in Whipple\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are both eccentric and central aspects mentioned in the description of the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor is described as having both eccentric and central aspects." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 522, "image": "O42BERDcgqo_image_f3237fb2-a830-4fbd-8914-801e106dfb56.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Giant cells with copious cytoplasm and marinaform nuclei are present in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to find proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not common to find proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles. The presence of proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles may indicate an underlying pathological condition or an abnormality in the tissue. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Giant cells with copious cytoplasm and marinaform nuclei are present in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to find proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not common to find proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles. The presence of proliferating T cells in normal lymphoid follicles may indicate an underlying pathological condition or an abnormal immune response. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1518, "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the chest pathology image negative for CD20?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the chest pathology image are negative for CD20." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the chest pathology image negative for CD20?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the chest pathology image are negative for CD20." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2752, "image": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the epidermis consist of stratified squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermis in the image consists of stratified squamous cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the epidermis consist of stratified squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermis in the image consists of stratified squamous cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 305, "image": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_59b16065-bfc7-4f9d-82eb-c08bb09b5903.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining caused by argyria limited to one organ or tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The staining caused by argyria is not limited to one organ or tissue type. It can be found in various organs and tissues, such as the skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining caused by argyria limited to one organ or tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The staining caused by argyria is not limited to one organ or tissue type. It can be observed in various organs and tissues, such as the skin, liver, lungs, and other organs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2625, "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_15b03b02-e6c6-4afd-8a00-88bf779ac68d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAX5 expression in atypical large cell population fits characteristic description of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the condition described in the image indicative of lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and the provided information suggest that the condition is indicative of lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAX5 expression in atypical large cell population fits characteristic description of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the condition described in the image indicative of lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and the provided information suggest that the condition is indicative of lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1906, "image": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_bd9a68a4-2ca1-439d-9bd9-a916e3628b60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotyping can help identify the myoepithelial cells highlighting only the surrounding clear cell component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial component's spindle cell morphology a clear indicator of a specific type of chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the spindle cell morphology of the myoepithelial component is not a clear indicator of a specific type of chest pathology. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact nature of the chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotyping can help identify the myoepithelial cells highlighting only the surrounding clear cell component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial component's spindle cell morphology a clear indicator of a specific type of chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the spindle cell morphology of the myoepithelial component is not a clear indicator of a specific type of chest pathology. It is important to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 866, "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_f9fd53cd-0079-4b5a-b9e7-d591166dd843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anastomosing chords and bands of cells seen in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are imaging studies sufficient alone to distinguish between primary melanoma and metastasis without clinical history?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, imaging studies alone are not sufficient to distinguish between primary melanoma and metastasis without clinical history. The diagnosis of primary melanoma and metastasis requires a combination of clinical history, imaging studies, and pathological examination of tissue samples." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anastomosing chords and bands of cells seen in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are imaging studies sufficient alone to distinguish between primary melanoma and metastasis without clinical history?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, imaging studies alone are not sufficient to distinguish between primary melanoma and metastasis without clinical history. The diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2547, "image": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_2fc7c927-4ba4-444a-8327-f5b5e8ef61e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is edema a typical finding in the lesions caused by Molluscum contagiosum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, edema is a typical finding in the lesions caused by Molluscum contagiosum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is edema a typical finding in the lesions caused by Molluscum contagiosum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, edema is a typical finding in the lesions caused by Molluscum contagiosum." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1953, "image": "FRc68vRHiqY_image_97615b70-cfc2-4ddb-b2b2-e79b00b88caf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is a basaloid tumor with a prominent fibrous stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do trichoblastomas typically present with symptoms such as pain or itching?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, trichoblastomas typically do not present with symptoms such as pain or itching. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other reasons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is a basaloid tumor with a prominent fibrous stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do trichoblastomas typically present with symptoms such as pain or itching?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, trichoblastomas typically do not present with symptoms such as pain or itching. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other reasons." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2826, "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_cbf97e54-f8ed-4442-b168-3623365f1274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies always necessary for the diagnosis of schwannomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies are not always necessary for the diagnosis of schwannomas. While they are a characteristic feature of schwannomas, their presence is not always consistent. Other histopathological features, such as the palisading arrangement of cells, can also be helpful in diagnosing schwannomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies always necessary for the diagnosis of schwannomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies are not always necessary for the diagnosis of schwannomas. They are a characteristic feature of schwannomas, but their presence or absence does not necessarily determine the diagnosis. Other histological features and clinical information can also be used to help diagnose schwannomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2996, "image": "TsHP6sNvJQQ_image_6379d334-c411-4844-9c1c-fc1170a5de77.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is necessary to distinguish between different types of scarring alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myoepithelial cells in benign pleomorphic adenomas positive for CK5/6?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the myoepithelial cells in benign pleomorphic adenomas are positive for CK5/6." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is necessary to distinguish between different types of scarring alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myoepithelial cells in benign pleomorphic adenomas positive for CK5/6?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myoepithelial cells in benign pleomorphic adenomas are positive for CK5/6." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 579, "image": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_47dfc5be-a8f3-46cd-84db-03f71f231df6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hidradenitis suppurativa usually present with non-inflammatory cysts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hidradenitis suppurativa typically presents with inflammatory cysts, not non-inflammatory ones." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hidradenitis suppurativa usually present with non-inflammatory cysts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hidradenitis suppurativa typically presents with inflammatory cysts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2898, "image": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of foreign body giant cells be associated with a reaction to a foreign substance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of foreign body giant cells in the image is associated with a reaction to a foreign substance. These cells are a type of immune cell that forms in response to the presence of foreign material, such as a foreign body or an infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of foreign body giant cells be associated with a reaction to a foreign substance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of foreign body giant cells in the image may be indicative of a reaction to a foreign substance. These cells are a type of immune cell that forms when the body's immune system attempts to remove or isolate foreign material, such as a foreign body or an infection. The presence of these cells in the context of the image suggests that there might be a foreign substance or an infection present in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1111, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can epithelioid endothelial cells be considered in the differential diagnosis of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelioid endothelial cells can be considered in the differential diagnosis of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can epithelioid endothelial cells be considered in the differential diagnosis of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelioid endothelial cells can be considered in the differential diagnosis of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2307, "image": "O42BERDcgqo_image_1ca5bc62-d752-4e71-92ed-27b84605e6d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is composed of two elements: an extracellular matrix and a cellular area with dark staining epithelial cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor described located in the lacrimal gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor is described as being located in the lacrimal gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is composed of two elements: an extracellular matrix and a cellular area with dark staining epithelial cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor described located in the lacrimal gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor is described as being located in the lacrimal gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 476, "image": "EvJHki_a0pI_image_02f97d6f-ee1b-4116-a73a-53effb3b2171.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of histiocytoid hemangioma should be considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent nucleoli and atypical degeneration exclusive to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, prominent nucleoli and atypical degeneration are not exclusive to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. These features can also be seen in other types of renal cell carcinoma, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of histiocytoid hemangioma should be considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent nucleoli and atypical degeneration exclusive to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, prominent nucleoli and atypical degeneration are not exclusive to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. These features can also be observed in other types of cancer, such as papillary renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1632, "image": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_cbfd8c00-869f-4fe5-a23b-816acf5c17ba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text discusses the difficulty in distinguishing between normal vegetative ganglia and ganglioneuroma in small biopsies. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ganglioneuroma considered a neoplastic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ganglioneuroma is considered a neoplastic condition. It is a benign tumor that arises from the nerve cells and can cause various symptoms depending on its location and size." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text discusses the difficulty in distinguishing between normal vegetative ganglia and ganglioneuroma in small biopsies. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ganglioneuroma considered a neoplastic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ganglioneuroma is considered a neoplastic condition. It is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the nerve cells and can occur in various parts of the body." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2361, "image": "tLRt68kUhHo_image_9154eb6c-da27-4238-80cf-42e5921c0b8f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells demonstrate pseudoinclusions, small nucleoli, or grooves in the nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cytoplasm have a myoid-like appearance in some areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytoplasm in some areas of the image has a myoid-like appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells demonstrate pseudoinclusions, small nucleoli, or grooves in the nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cytoplasm have a myoid-like appearance in some areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytoplasm in some areas of the image has a myoid-like appearance." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2778, "image": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chemotherapy-related colitis be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chemotherapy-related colitis cannot be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown. The presence of cell breakdown, such as hemosiderin in stromal cells, is an important diagnostic feature in this context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chemotherapy-related colitis be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chemotherapy-related colitis cannot be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown, such as hemosiderin in some stromal cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1598, "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_2218beb2-1238-4541-8e3e-40bfcd5ed4a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does atypical fibroxanthoma typically show cells with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical fibroxanthoma typically shows cells with high mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does atypical fibroxanthoma typically show cells with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical fibroxanthoma typically shows cells with high mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3040, "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_96daafe9-c0e5-459c-bde0-e38f6a7eb69a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the finger-like projections in acrosyringeal nevus typically narrow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the finger-like projections in acrosyringeal nevus are typically narrow." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the finger-like projections in acrosyringeal nevus typically narrow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the finger-like projections in acrosyringeal nevus are typically narrow." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2, "image": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_88d7c227-32e8-451d-bdfb-d72d0c35d40c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal involvement should also be assessed, including the presence of spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophils play a role in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils can play a role in the differential diagnosis. They are a type of white blood cell that can be involved in various skin conditions and inflammatory processes. By assessing the presence and distribution of eosinophils in the tissue sample, a pathologist can gain valuable information to help differentiate between different skin conditions and make a more accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal involvement should also be assessed, including the presence of spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophils play a role in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils can play a role in the differential diagnosis, as they can be involved in various skin conditions and inflammatory processes. However, it is important to consider the overall clinical picture and other diagnostic findings to determine the specific cause of the observed skin changes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1823, "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp arranged in clusters?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp are arranged in a single layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp arranged in clusters?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp are arranged in a single layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 948, "image": "T_P5c4odRCE_image_7874c672-eeb1-419f-a207-287b34bcaf42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the nests have a specific pattern and orientation, sometimes called trabecular pattern or architecture or stratified pattern or radiating type of growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cytoplasm of the cells finely granular?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytoplasm of the cells in the image is described as finely granular." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the nests have a specific pattern and orientation, sometimes called trabecular pattern or architecture or stratified pattern or radiating type of growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cytoplasm of the cells finely granular?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytoplasm of the cells appears to be finely granular." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1467, "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_f6e18c3f-82f1-44ee-b1b8-0367e3c48e2b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the chondroid syringoma are uniform and not pleomorphic, with no mitotic activity and evenly spaced. This type of tumor is characterized by ductal epithelium and is regarded as an eccrine variant of a mixed tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mitotic activity observed in chondroid syringoma cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mitotic activity is not observed in chondroid syringoma cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the chondroid syringoma are uniform and not pleomorphic, with no mitotic activity and evenly spaced. This type of tumor is characterized by ductal epithelium and is regarded as an eccrine variant of a mixed tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mitotic activity observed in chondroid syringoma cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mitotic activity is not observed in chondroid syringoma cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 57, "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_9a849b49-ce46-47c5-a715-1e4ccc887bdc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kaposi sarcoma primarily an infectious disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Kaposi sarcoma is not primarily an infectious disease. It is a type of cancer that develops from the cells lining blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. While it can be associated with certain infections, such as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), it is not caused by the infection itself." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kaposi sarcoma primarily an infectious disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Kaposi sarcoma is not primarily an infectious disease. It is a type of cancer that develops from the cells lining blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. The misconception that it is primarily an infectious disease may arise from the fact that it is often associated with the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), which can be transmitted through sexual contact or other close contact. However, the presence of HHV-8 does not necessarily mean that the disease is caused by an infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 326, "image": "zSdK_yWe_S4_image_2bb8e82e-40b8-491f-b62e-6910dfd9b179.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pneumocystis pneumonia the most common type of pneumonia in AIDS patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pneumocystis pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia in AIDS patients." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pneumocystis pneumonia the most common type of pneumonia in AIDS patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pneumocystis pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia in AIDS patients." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1076, "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_cf2f9a84-be56-4146-b69d-db2ee037df46.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cells in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cells in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2652, "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_8f1dcfe0-653f-4b2c-8918-a02af3af9350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a dermal duct tumor characterized by aggregates of similar appearing epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a dermal duct tumor is characterized by aggregates of similar appearing epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a dermal duct tumor characterized by aggregates of similar appearing epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a dermal duct tumor is characterized by aggregates of similar appearing epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2519, "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_f3531db6-c45b-4079-8ec3-2ab56d9d70b9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Atretic follicles can be at any stage of development, including antral stage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do atretic follicles only occur in the pre-antral stage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atretic follicles can be found at any stage of development, including the antral stage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Atretic follicles can be at any stage of development, including antral stage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do atretic follicles only occur in the pre-antral stage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atretic follicles can be found at any stage of development, including the antral stage." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2447, "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas primarily a skin condition without any risk of systemic disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. This means that tuberous xanthomas may not only be a skin condition but can also be a sign of an underlying systemic disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas primarily a skin condition without any risk of systemic disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas are not primarily a skin condition without any risk of systemic disease. They can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 893, "image": "HX6i7j2CMKc_image_70204e32-52a7-4bd1-8084-347149b1166e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the physical characteristics of lichen nitidus, including the appearance of rete ridges that contain the inflammatory nodule, and the ball and claw appearance of the infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Phaeohyphomycosis be a fatal pathogen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Phaeohyphomycosis can be a fatal pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. It is a rare and serious fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, and other organs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve the chances of survival." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the physical characteristics of lichen nitidus, including the appearance of rete ridges that contain the inflammatory nodule, and the ball and claw appearance of the infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Phaeohyphomycosis be a fatal pathogen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Phaeohyphomycosis can be a fatal pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. It is a rare and serious fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, skin, and other organs. The severity of the infection and the risk of fatality depend on the individual's immune system and the specific type of Phaeohyphomycosis involved." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 685, "image": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chondrodermatitis typically characterized by painful nodules on the ear?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chondrodermatitis is typically characterized by painful nodules on the ear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chondrodermatitis typically characterized by painful nodules on the ear?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chondrodermatitis is typically characterized by painful nodules on the ear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 159, "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can atypical neutrophilic dermatoses be a result of conditions other than leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, atypical neutrophilic dermatoses can be caused by conditions other than leukemia, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can atypical neutrophilic dermatoses be a result of conditions other than leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, atypical neutrophilic dermatoses can be caused by other conditions, such as drug reactions or other inflammatory processes. In this case, the drug reaction is associated with cytarabine and 5-FU, which are chemotherapy medications." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 689, "image": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_5f8cddac-cc1e-431c-9435-1afab859451c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Full duct involvement by intraductal proliferation with no residual normal duct epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do glomus cells play a role in regulating blood flow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glomus cells play a crucial role in regulating blood flow. They are specialized cells found in the walls of small blood vessels called arterioles. Glomus cells are responsible for detecting changes in blood pressure and oxygen levels, and they respond by constricting or dilating the arterioles to maintain proper blood flow and oxygen balance in the tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Full duct involvement by intraductal proliferation with no residual normal duct epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do glomus cells play a role in regulating blood flow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glomus cells play a crucial role in regulating blood flow. They are specialized cells found in the walls of small blood vessels called arterioles. Glomus cells contain numerous small blood vessels called capillaries, which are responsible for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. The presence of glomus cells in the image may be relevant to the patient's condition, but further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2651, "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fibrin deposition in blood vessel walls typically seen in healthy tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrin deposition in blood vessel walls is not typically seen in healthy tissue. It is more commonly associated with pathological conditions, such as inflammation, injury, or disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fibrin deposition in blood vessel walls typically seen in healthy tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrin deposition in blood vessel walls is not typically seen in healthy tissue. It is more commonly associated with certain pathological conditions, such as inflammation, injury, or disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2953, "image": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_312a1de8-0c2c-42ce-b8d0-b0289b888f90.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a large fungus ball with numerous hyphae and branching, septated appearance, and tiny spores/yeast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can inflammation alone be sufficient to diagnose a specific chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, inflammation alone is not sufficient to diagnose a specific chest pathology. Inflammation can be a sign of an underlying issue, but further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a large fungus ball with numerous hyphae and branching, septated appearance, and tiny spores/yeast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can inflammation alone be sufficient to diagnose a specific chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Inflammation alone may not be sufficient to diagnose a specific chest pathology. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies and laboratory tests, to make an accurate diagnosis. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 225, "image": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_4064671d-19ae-495a-9e62-291f98c66681.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system. However, it is important to consider the context and other findings in the image to determine the exact nature and location of the structure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system. However, it is important to note that the specific structure and its relationship to the respiratory system would require further analysis and clinical correlation to determine its exact role and significance." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 248, "image": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal observed in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the aversion canal is observed in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal observed in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the aversion canal is observed in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2220, "image": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_1374d5e5-a83b-4bec-9d9b-c55377a2481d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hydroceles and spermatoceles generally benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hydroceles and spermatoceles are generally benign conditions. They are typically non-cancerous and may resolve on their own without any intervention. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management of these conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hydroceles and spermatoceles generally benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hydroceles and spermatoceles are generally benign conditions. They are typically non-cancerous and may resolve on their own without any specific treatment. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1459, "image": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_fff20269-fb5d-47cc-b066-dab0dfa4f461.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Review of biopsies and identification of free floating tissue fragments that can be difficult to distinguish from normal enteric epithelium, especially in well-differentiated pancreatic tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were there benign smooth muscle tissues observed in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, benign smooth muscle tissues were observed in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Review of biopsies and identification of free floating tissue fragments that can be difficult to distinguish from normal enteric epithelium, especially in well-differentiated pancreatic tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were there benign smooth muscle tissues observed in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, benign smooth muscle tissues were observed in the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2476, "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the expanded zone located in the papillary dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the expanded zone is located in the papillary dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the expanded zone located in the papillary dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the expanded zone is located in the papillary dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 189, "image": "ujilbsMBHts_image_e1e5c224-8da5-4510-9819-6c18afa95510.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the process of atresia affecting all examined follicles in the segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the process of atresia appears to be affecting all examined follicles in the segment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the process of atresia affecting all examined follicles in the segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the process of atresia is affecting all examined follicles in the segment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2300, "image": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do enterocytes have microvilli on their apex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, enterocytes have microvilli on their apex." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do enterocytes have microvilli on their apex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, enterocytes have microvilli on their apex." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1607, "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alopecia areata associated with widespread dermal inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, alopecia areata is not associated with widespread dermal inflammation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alopecia areata associated with widespread dermal inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, alopecia areata is not associated with widespread dermal inflammation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2319, "image": "TtDybWR85jg_image_c7918470-f603-4018-96bc-114da3845a26.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cyst has a characteristic stroma with some degree of proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does fibrosis in the stroma imply the presence of a neoplastic process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrosis in the stroma does not necessarily imply the presence of a neoplastic process. Fibrosis is a normal part of the healing process and can occur in various tissues, including the stroma. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cyst has a characteristic stroma with some degree of proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does fibrosis in the stroma imply the presence of a neoplastic process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrosis in the stroma does not necessarily imply the presence of a neoplastic process. While fibrosis can be associated with certain pathological conditions, it is not specific to neoplastic processes. Further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to determine the cause and significance of the fibrosis observed in the stroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 372, "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can viral pneumonia cause poor gas exchange in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, viral pneumonia can cause poor gas exchange in the lungs, as it can lead to inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, which may impair the normal functioning of the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can viral pneumonia cause poor gas exchange in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, viral pneumonia can cause poor gas exchange in the lungs due to inflammation and damage to the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 380, "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_8d7313a8-7aa5-48a0-8046-9f914332b87c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular infiltrative cells with abnormality in the papillary dermis, mostly papillary dermis, showing LSNA reaction pattern with sclerosis, identified as lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammatory condition affect the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inflammatory condition appears to be affecting the skin, as it is present in the papillary dermis, which is a layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular infiltrative cells with abnormality in the papillary dermis, mostly papillary dermis, showing LSNA reaction pattern with sclerosis, identified as lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammatory condition affect the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inflammatory condition appears to be affecting the skin, as it is causing changes in the papillary dermis, which is the uppermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2021, "image": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as intact and healthy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the hepatocytes are described as dissociated and not intact or healthy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as intact and healthy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the hepatocytes are described as dissociated and around central veins, which suggests that they are not intact and healthy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1425, "image": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prognosis better for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prognosis is generally worse for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prognosis better for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prognosis is generally worse for tumors that have invaded beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1662, "image": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma considered a non-endothelial tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is considered an endothelial tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma considered a non-endothelial tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is considered an endothelial tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 488, "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor non-destructive to the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is invasive and causes destruction to the surrounding tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor non-destructive to the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not non-destructive to the surrounding tissue. It is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2930, "image": "oCnV8-c2les_image_058e9398-f7c3-4e9b-aa58-fda2e3199dc7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of a large irregular nucleus indicative of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of a large irregular nucleus in the pathological image is indicative of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of a large irregular nucleus indicative of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of a large irregular nucleus in the image is indicative of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1589, "image": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_c978a8e0-0166-40c2-8dd0-b9a87f164b29.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the physical characteristics of the glans, including their round and big shape, lack of angulation or desmoplasia, and presence of lamina propria and smooth muscle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can obstruction of the glans lead to the spillage of mucin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the obstruction of the glans can lead to the spillage of mucin. This is because the glans is a part of the male reproductive system, and its obstruction can cause a buildup of mucin, which may then spill out." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the physical characteristics of the glans, including their round and big shape, lack of angulation or desmoplasia, and presence of lamina propria and smooth muscle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can obstruction of the glans lead to the spillage of mucin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the obstruction of the glans can lead to the spillage of mucin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2633, "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_68f55465-2087-4800-a9ed-2f21e2ef8860.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of lymphoid follicles indicate inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of lymphoid follicles in the image can be an indication of inflammation. Lymphoid follicles are clusters of lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. The presence of these follicles in the tissue sample suggests that there is an ongoing immune response, which could be due to inflammation or other pathological processes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of lymphoid follicles indicate inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of lymphoid follicles in the image can be an indication of inflammation. Lymphoid follicles are clusters of lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. The presence of these follicles in the context of the image suggests that there is an ongoing inflammatory process in the tissue being examined." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1849, "image": "K8-DE3csg5k_image_695868aa-fbf8-4b9a-86db-4dfa68c10288.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross-sections of pilar erecti muscle or pilar muscle, eccrine glands, and subcutaneous fat are visible. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eccrine glands visible in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eccrine glands are visible in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross-sections of pilar erecti muscle or pilar muscle, eccrine glands, and subcutaneous fat are visible. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eccrine glands visible in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eccrine glands are visible in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1263, "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_7a2db408-1872-4641-8502-3402b8841912.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a polyp composed of normal biliary epithelium mimic carcinomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a polyp composed of normal biliary epithelium can mimic carcinomas. This is because the histological appearance of the polyp may be similar to that of carcinomas, making it difficult to differentiate between the two without further examination and analysis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a polyp composed of normal biliary epithelium mimic carcinomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a polyp composed of normal biliary epithelium can mimic carcinomas. This is because the normal biliary epithelium can have a similar appearance to carcinomas under certain conditions or when viewed through a microscope. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering all relevant clinical information and additional diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 611, "image": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicative of a fungal infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of papillary-like structures in the nail plate is not indicative of a fungal infection. These structures are associated with onychomatricoma, a benign nail tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicative of a fungal infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of papillary-like structures in the nail plate is not indicative of a fungal infection. These structures are associated with onychomatricoma, which is a benign, non-infectious nail growth." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2796, "image": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_7af6614d-4e52-4b8b-94da-464673c3e873.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the biopsy specimen taken from the salivary gland region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the biopsy specimen is taken from the salivary gland region." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the biopsy specimen taken from the salivary gland region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the biopsy specimen is taken from the salivary gland region." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2285, "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the invasive component arising from the precursor in the dilated sweat duct?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the invasive component appears to be arising from the precursor in the dilated sweat duct." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the invasive component arising from the precursor in the dilated sweat duct?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the invasive component in the image is arising from the precursor in the dilated sweat duct." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2214, "image": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_544df297-f3ee-41cd-99c8-46c60adee544.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should adrenal rest be diagnosed as malignant based solely on its small size?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adrenal rest should not be diagnosed as malignant solely based on its small size. The size of a lesion is just one factor that can be considered when evaluating a potential malignancy. Other factors, such as the appearance of the lesion, its location, and the patient's clinical history, should also be taken into account. A healthcare professional would need to perform further diagnostic tests and consider all relevant information to make an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should adrenal rest be diagnosed as malignant based solely on its small size?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adrenal rest should not be diagnosed as malignant solely based on its small size. The size of a lesion is just one factor that can be considered when evaluating a potential malignancy. Other factors, such as the appearance of the lesion, its location, and the patient's clinical history, should also be taken into account. A healthcare professional would need to review the image and the reference reports to make a more accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2096, "image": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_1b60e80c-0fdc-469d-b5f2-ba4ae16481e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic satellite doses and malarate tank bodies are more numerous in alcoholic hepatitis compared to NASH. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis indicate the presence of bile duct obstruction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis does not necessarily indicate the presence of bile duct obstruction. Cholestasis refers to a decrease in the flow of bile, which can be caused by various factors, including alcohol abuse. However, it is important to note that the presence of bile duct obstruction cannot be determined solely based on the presence of cholestasis. Further evaluation and tests may be needed to confirm the presence or absence of bile duct obstruction." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic satellite doses and malarate tank bodies are more numerous in alcoholic hepatitis compared to NASH. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis indicate the presence of bile duct obstruction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis does not necessarily indicate the presence of bile duct obstruction. Cholestasis is a condition characterized by the impaired flow of bile, which can be caused by various factors. However, in the context of alcoholic hepatitis, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 583, "image": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_80ed2e02-02e1-4111-8132-a7e4e48d1f33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor exclusively composed of high-grade cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not exclusively composed of high-grade cells. It is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on the microscopic picture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor exclusively composed of high-grade cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not exclusively composed of high-grade cells. It is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on the microscopic picture." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2168, "image": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can melanoma in situ be treated with surgical excision?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, melanoma in situ can be treated with surgical excision. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the specific case and the patient's overall health." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can melanoma in situ be treated with surgical excision?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, melanoma in situ can be treated with surgical excision. This is a common treatment option for early-stage melanoma, as it involves removing the abnormal skin cells before they can progress to invasive melanoma. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual case." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 908, "image": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily characterized by neutrophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease is primarily characterized by histiocytes, which are a type of immune cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily characterized by neutrophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease is primarily characterized by histiocyte infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2911, "image": "JwymE_Lfs44_image_951dd411-b24a-4ab0-8abb-273b06e779a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is likely a melanocytic matricoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pseudo-inclusions occur due to a specific orientation of the cell cut?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudo-inclusions can occur due to a specific orientation of the cell cut. This means that the appearance of certain structures or cells in the image may change depending on the angle or orientation of the tissue sample being examined." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is likely a melanocytic matricoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pseudo-inclusions occur due to a specific orientation of the cell cut?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudo-inclusions can occur due to a specific orientation of the cell cut. This means that the appearance of certain structures or cells in the image may change depending on how the tissue is sectioned and prepared for examination." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2054, "image": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas be ruled out based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the provided information, the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas can be ruled out." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas be ruled out based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the provided information, the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas can be ruled out." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1991, "image": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_cc5efb91-2745-4c8d-9ffa-29107753d5e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rimmed vacuoles seen on H&E and trichrome staining can indicate sporadic inclusion by myositis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protein aggregates exclusively found in the cytoplasm of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, protein aggregates can also be found in the nucleus of cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rimmed vacuoles seen on H&E and trichrome staining can indicate sporadic inclusion by myositis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protein aggregates exclusively found in the cytoplasm of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, protein aggregates can also be found in the nucleus of cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1110, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a melanocytic nevus typically found in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a melanocytic nevus is not typically found in the chest pathology image. The image shows a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology, which is not characteristic of a melanocytic nevus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a melanocytic nevus typically found in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a melanocytic nevus is not typically found in the chest pathology image. The image shows a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology, which is not a melanocytic nevus." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1306, "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is florid papillary morphology a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, florid papillary morphology is not a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma. It is more characteristic of certain subtypes, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is florid papillary morphology a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, florid papillary morphology is not a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma. It is more commonly seen in certain types of adenocarcinoma, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2714, "image": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland primarily composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prostate gland is primarily composed of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland primarily composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prostate gland is primarily composed of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1555, "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can papillary carcinoma of the thyroid be diagnosed through FNA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, papillary carcinoma of the thyroid can be diagnosed through fine needle aspiration (FNA). FNA is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a thin, hollow needle to collect a sample of tissue from the thyroid gland. The collected tissue is then examined under a microscope to determine the presence and type of cancer cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can papillary carcinoma of the thyroid be diagnosed through FNA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, papillary carcinoma of the thyroid can be diagnosed through fine needle aspiration (FNA). FNA is a minimally invasive procedure that involves using a thin, hollow needle to collect a sample of tissue from the thyroid gland for examination under a microscope. This technique is commonly used to diagnose various thyroid conditions, including papillary carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1342, "image": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_7eb6b887-9c53-4341-bfff-f21878e21b36.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Splayed collagen bundles of mucin without nice rings in the skin is consistent with interstitial GA. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could an inadequate biopsy result in a potential medical legal situation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an inadequate biopsy can potentially lead to a medical legal situation. If a biopsy is not sufficient to provide an accurate diagnosis, it may result in misdiagnosis, which can have serious consequences for the patient's treatment and prognosis. It is important for healthcare professionals to ensure that biopsies are performed correctly and that the samples are adequate for diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Splayed collagen bundles of mucin without nice rings in the skin is consistent with interstitial GA. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could an inadequate biopsy result in a potential medical legal situation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an inadequate biopsy can potentially lead to a medical legal situation. If a biopsy is not sufficient to provide an accurate diagnosis, it may result in incorrect treatment decisions, which could have serious consequences for the patient. It is important for healthcare professionals to ensure that biopsies are performed correctly and that the tissue samples are adequate for proper diagnosis and treatment planning." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 355, "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the lobules opening directly onto the skin surface suggest a diagnosis of hidradenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lobules opening directly onto the skin surface are a characteristic feature of hidradenoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the lobules opening directly onto the skin surface suggest a diagnosis of hidradenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lobules opening directly onto the skin surface are a characteristic feature of hidradenoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 711, "image": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_5c09b6ce-881a-45de-9558-f7e2eef7d13a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of dermal duct tumor and poromas with monotony of cellular population \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can nodular hidradenoma be distinguished from pyoderma based on histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nodular hidradenoma can be distinguished from pyoderma based on histological examination. The image provided shows a nodular hidradenoma, which is a benign tumor of sweat glands, and the reference report provides information about the histological features of this tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of dermal duct tumor and poromas with monotony of cellular population \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can nodular hidradenoma be distinguished from pyoderma based on histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nodular hidradenoma can be distinguished from pyoderma based on histological examination. The image and report provided show the differences in the cellular population and other features between these two conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 645, "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_ab6cf1ff-9c22-4aa6-9eb7-10344b836448.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could fibrocystic changes of the breast cause palpable lumps?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibrocystic changes of the breast can cause palpable lumps. These changes can lead to the formation of cysts and other abnormalities in the breast tissue, which may result in the development of palpable lumps. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any breast-related concerns." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could fibrocystic changes of the breast cause palpable lumps?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibrocystic changes of the breast can cause palpable lumps. These changes can lead to the formation of cysts and other abnormalities in the breast tissue, which may be felt as lumps during a physical examination." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 173, "image": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyperplasia in breast tissue occur due to hormonal changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hyperplasia in breast tissue can occur due to hormonal changes. Hormonal changes can cause an increase in the number of cells in the breast tissue, leading to hyperplasia. This is a common finding in conditions such as fibrocystic disease or benign breast disease. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyperplasia in breast tissue occur due to hormonal changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hyperplasia in breast tissue can occur due to hormonal changes. Hormonal changes can cause an increase in the number of cells in the breast tissue, leading to hyperplasia. This can be a normal physiological response to hormonal fluctuations, but in some cases, it may also be associated with certain medical conditions or risk factors for breast cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 998, "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_649c39de-beb6-4f3a-b59c-392e5aa85cd8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hyaline basement membrane commonly found in healthy liver tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hyaline basement membrane is not commonly found in healthy liver tissue. It is more commonly associated with certain pathological conditions, such as liver fibrosis or cirrhosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hyaline basement membrane commonly found in healthy liver tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hyaline basement membrane is not commonly found in healthy liver tissue. It is more commonly associated with certain pathological conditions, such as liver cirrhosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 62, "image": "4G3LjX8iQ5I_image_5956b9ef-45d0-44ac-9c8f-614b872b9d68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is identical to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, which has intermediate malignant potential and can be locally recurrent but does not metastasize on its own. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor usually contain a high number of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor does not typically contain a high number of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is identical to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, which has intermediate malignant potential and can be locally recurrent but does not metastasize on its own. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor usually contain a high number of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor typically does not contain a high number of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1790, "image": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_32eacb1e-2764-44b5-b271-1c22a462f87b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clark level one is within the epidermis, level two is within the papillary dermis, level three is the papillary reticular dermal junction, level four is the reticular dermis and level five is in the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue sample include sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample includes sebaceous glands." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clark level one is within the epidermis, level two is within the papillary dermis, level three is the papillary reticular dermal junction, level four is the reticular dermis and level five is in the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue sample include sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample in the image includes sebaceous glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1675, "image": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_8c28de54-11fc-4fe0-8a39-1fce0021d7b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin commonly associated with epithelial tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, synaptophysin is not commonly associated with epithelial tumors. It is more commonly associated with neuroendocrine tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin commonly associated with epithelial tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, synaptophysin is not commonly associated with epithelial tumors. It is more commonly associated with neuroendocrine tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 657, "image": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the tonsil be covered by stratified squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tonsil can be covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the tonsil be covered by stratified squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tonsil can be covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1792, "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_e7fc65a2-bffe-41e7-91a8-b96f53ed63f3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an organoid nevus or nevus sebaceous, which is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an organoid nevus also known as a nevus sebaceous?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an organoid nevus is also known as a nevus sebaceous. It is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an organoid nevus or nevus sebaceous, which is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an organoid nevus also known as a nevus sebaceous?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an organoid nevus is also known as a nevus sebaceous. It is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 635, "image": "fb1VKk3XS-k_image_f43e95cd-08f6-46be-a8fc-8121bb6154e8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophil seen within a blood vessel, not signifying acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chondrocyte clusters in CNH typically found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chondrocyte clusters in CNH are not typically found in the epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophil seen within a blood vessel, not signifying acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chondrocyte clusters in CNH typically found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chondrocyte clusters in CNH are typically found in the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 20, "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the atypical cartilage be a characteristic of a chondrosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of atypical cartilage can be a characteristic of a chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in cartilage cells. The atypical cells and woven strips of osteoid in the image are features that can be associated with this type of cancer. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the atypical cartilage be a characteristic of a chondrosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of atypical cartilage can be a characteristic of a chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in cartilage cells, which are responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix in the body. The atypical cartilage observed in the image may be indicative of a chondrosarcoma, but further diagnostic tests and analysis would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 197, "image": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the atypia extend to the corneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypia does not extend to the corneal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the atypia extend to the corneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypia does not extend to the corneal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2154, "image": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis. The primary type of inflammatory cell in this condition is the histiocyte." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis. The primary type of inflammatory cell seen in this condition is the histiocyte." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1931, "image": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_8fd32512-8cc3-4b8d-ad64-0b8904a707a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Septal and lobular patterns of inflammation are looked for. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermal inflammation typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermal inflammation is not typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue. It can extend into the deeper layers of the skin, such as the reticular dermis, as well as the subcutaneous tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Septal and lobular patterns of inflammation are looked for. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermal inflammation typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermal inflammation is not typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue. It can extend into the deeper layers of the skin, such as the reticular dermis, as well as the subcutaneous tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 161, "image": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are loose reticular networks of capillaries found in the spleen's red pulp?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, loose reticular networks of capillaries are found in the spleen's red pulp." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are loose reticular networks of capillaries found in the spleen's red pulp?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, loose reticular networks of capillaries are found in the spleen's red pulp." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 654, "image": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium of the tonsil stratified squamous and non-keratinized?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelium of the tonsil is stratified squamous and non-keratinized." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium of the tonsil stratified squamous and non-keratinized?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelium of the tonsil is stratified squamous and non-keratinized." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 184, "image": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcifications in dilated ducts typically associated with infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications in dilated ducts are not typically associated with infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcifications in dilated ducts typically associated with infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications in dilated ducts are not typically associated with infection. Calcifications are deposits of calcium salts that can form in various tissues, including ducts. They are generally considered to be non-infectious and may be a result of various factors, such as aging, inflammation, or other pathological processes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 90, "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_ac6f6e0b-5583-495a-9fb3-a4e24ec8778d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors. The primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors are sebaceous cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors. The primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors are sebaceous cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2597, "image": "k-3ZRskS9QA_image_de466d9b-d564-41f1-8bd0-c8c53ff89727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type present in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary cell type present in this tumor is astrocytic, as indicated by the GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type present in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cell type present in this tumor. The primary cell type in this tumor is astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 966, "image": "-fUB3Tx2RKE_image_2f5c706e-ab03-495a-8e16-3e750e32ae2f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid tumor growth with sclerosis and no glandular differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the brain tumor composed entirely of malignant cells with no benign parenchyma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the brain tumor appears to be composed entirely of malignant cells with no benign parenchyma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid tumor growth with sclerosis and no glandular differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the brain tumor composed entirely of malignant cells with no benign parenchyma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the brain tumor appears to be composed entirely of malignant cells with no benign parenchyma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2697, "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_083c7b8c-c0b4-43d0-a59a-089ca588dd9d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large nodule filling the dermis and extending into the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the cells have abundant foamy cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the image have abundant foamy cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large nodule filling the dermis and extending into the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the cells have abundant foamy cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the image have abundant foamy cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1537, "image": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of hepatocyte damage in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided chest pathology image shows evidence of hepatocyte damage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of hepatocyte damage in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided chest pathology image shows evidence of hepatocyte damage." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 681, "image": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma typically associated with the presence of fibrous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myxofibrosarcoma is typically associated with the presence of fibrous tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma typically associated with the presence of fibrous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myxofibrosarcoma is typically associated with the presence of fibrous tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 805, "image": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_6d6bfc8a-a4a4-4b0c-99bd-201138c8dc45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the observed dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium classified as PanIN-3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the observed dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium is classified as PanIN-3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the observed dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium classified as PanIN-3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the observed dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium is classified as PanIN-3." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2047, "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxoid liposarcoma known for containing myxoid extracellular matrix?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myxoid liposarcoma is known for containing myxoid extracellular matrix." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxoid liposarcoma known for containing myxoid extracellular matrix?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myxoid liposarcoma is known for containing myxoid extracellular matrix." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1457, "image": "MhEhXWhB7ro_image_5e514388-98c2-4a73-b0aa-6299f1d0c329.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of small balls of stromal cells with associated epithelium is a clue for menstrual phase endometrium and abnormal bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of small balls of stromal cells with associated epithelium is a clue for menstrual phase endometrium and abnormal bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 617, "image": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the description pertain to a fully developed mammary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the description pertains to a fully developed mammary gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the description pertain to a fully developed mammary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histopathological description in the reference report pertains to a fully developed mammary gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2736, "image": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_fc68418e-bb73-4c86-95e1-1526e30d29b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of squamous differentiation indicative of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of squamous differentiation in the image suggests that there may be squamous cell carcinoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of squamous differentiation indicative of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of squamous differentiation in the image may be indicative of squamous cell carcinoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 392, "image": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are yeast cells with a capsule and halo indicative of cryptococcosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of yeast cells with a capsule and halo in the image is indicative of cryptococcosis, which is a fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus species." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are yeast cells with a capsule and halo indicative of cryptococcosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of yeast cells with a capsule and halo in the image is indicative of cryptococcosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3031, "image": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_4a958ce3-df3c-4d32-bec2-0504e254ec28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does TB granuloma typically show necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TB granuloma often shows necrosis, which is the death of tissue due to injury, disease, or lack of blood supply." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does TB granuloma typically show necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TB granuloma often shows necrosis, which is the death of tissue due to injury, disease, or lack of blood supply." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2663, "image": "g8NveoHNUck_image_ec6958e9-53a6-4f10-866c-4bd47886fa0c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK20 stain can help differentiate trichoepithelioma from morphoeic basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can normal trichoepithelioma be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma on histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal trichoepithelioma can sometimes be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma on histological examination. This is because both conditions can present with similar histological features. However, the use of immunohistochemical staining, such as the CK20 stain mentioned in the reference report, can help differentiate between the two conditions and provide a more accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK20 stain can help differentiate trichoepithelioma from morphoeic basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can normal trichoepithelioma be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma on histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, normal trichoepithelioma can sometimes be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma on histological examination. This is because both conditions can present with similar histological features, making it challenging to differentiate between them without additional diagnostic tools or information." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1733, "image": "GO0Mv9tHcjk_image_94ca1f43-ebc5-42b8-85f0-a6113048e06e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of atypical slit-like vascular spaces indicative of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of atypical slit-like vascular spaces in the image is indicative of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of atypical slit-like vascular spaces indicative of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of atypical slit-like vascular spaces in the image is indicative of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1759, "image": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_d6737d3b-5b51-4145-b7b3-444286ed5a73.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not all papillary architecture in the vulva is a condyloma caused by human papillomavirus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of prominent koilocytosis suggest a non-viral etiology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of prominent koilocytosis in the image suggests a non-viral etiology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not all papillary architecture in the vulva is a condyloma caused by human papillomavirus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of prominent koilocytosis suggest a non-viral etiology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of prominent koilocytosis in the image may suggest a non-viral etiology, as koilocytosis is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, it is important to consider other factors and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1419, "image": "91JekccsN80_image_6216959f-92d5-4428-a9a7-e89495a9a1db.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the necrosis of the villi tips result in an increased surface area for digestion and absorption?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the necrosis of the villi tips and villous fusion actually lead to a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the necrosis of the villi tips result in an increased surface area for digestion and absorption?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the necrosis of the villi tips and villous fusion actually lead to a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 698, "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a positive translocation be observed in all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a positive translocation cannot be observed in all types of chest pathologies. The presence of a positive translocation is not a constant feature in all chest pathologies. It is important to consider the specific type of chest pathology and the context of the patient's condition when interpreting the presence or absence of a positive translocation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a positive translocation be observed in all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a positive translocation cannot be observed in all types of chest pathologies. It is important to consider the specific context and the type of chest pathology being discussed when interpreting the presence or absence of a positive translocation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2386, "image": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do underlying cells persist in non-invasive lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, underlying cells persist in non-invasive lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do underlying cells persist in non-invasive lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, underlying cells persist in non-invasive lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2665, "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_7b75b220-ec02-4571-8132-bab1faed75bd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies can form in many pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do psammoma bodies typically occur in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psammoma bodies are not typically found in the dermal layer. They are more commonly associated with papillary carcinoma thyroid." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies can form in many pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do psammoma bodies typically occur in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psammoma bodies are not typically found in the dermal layer. They are more commonly associated with papillary carcinoma thyroid and other pathological conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2448, "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tuberous xanthomas increase the risk of peripheral vascular disease in patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tuberous xanthomas can increase the risk of peripheral vascular disease in patients." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tuberous xanthomas increase the risk of peripheral vascular disease in patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tuberous xanthomas can increase the risk of peripheral vascular disease in patients." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1220, "image": "eEdKQk_MhMQ_image_cd89f57e-6ef9-4844-b4f1-4ab5de8e9af2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intercalated duct cells are responsive to secretin in response to a drop in pH as acidic chyme moves out of the stomach into the small intestine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue described typically found in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue described is not typically found in the lungs. It is more commonly found in the pancreas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intercalated duct cells are responsive to secretin in response to a drop in pH as acidic chyme moves out of the stomach into the small intestine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue described typically found in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue described in the image is typically found in the pancreas." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 558, "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can P63 and P40 be used to differentiate between skin appendage tumors and adenocarcinomas of visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P63 and P40 immunostaining can be used to differentiate between skin appendage tumors and adenocarcinomas of visceral organs. These immunostains can help identify the origin of the tumor and provide valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can P63 and P40 be used to differentiate between skin appendage tumors and adenocarcinomas of visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P63 and P40 immunostains can be used to differentiate between skin appendage tumors and adenocarcinomas of visceral organs. These immunostains are helpful in identifying the origin of the tumor and can aid in the diagnosis and classification of the tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 273, "image": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the spongy appearance be indicative of a neurodegenerative disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance in the image could be indicative of a neurodegenerative disease. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the spongy appearance be indicative of a neurodegenerative disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spongy appearance in the image could be indicative of a neurodegenerative disease. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 279, "image": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No abnormalities in the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of nuclear pleomorphism in the melanocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show any signs of nuclear pleomorphism in the melanocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No abnormalities in the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of nuclear pleomorphism in the melanocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image and report do not show any signs of nuclear pleomorphism in the melanocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2016, "image": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of villus type architecture in some tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates the presence of villus type architecture in some tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of villus type architecture in some tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report suggests that villus type architecture is present in some tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1284, "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_7787d91a-2627-4fc6-b319-fea8f887f1bb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils typically found in subcorneal pustules in age up diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are typically found in subcorneal pustules in age up diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils typically found in subcorneal pustules in age up diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are typically found in subcorneal pustules in age up diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1048, "image": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_80964713-1a61-4815-9e00-7a7f1f624085.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hepatocytes linked together in the hepatic lobules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hepatocytes are linked together in the hepatic lobules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hepatocytes linked together in the hepatic lobules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hepatocytes are linked together in the hepatic lobules." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1265, "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_7a2db408-1872-4641-8502-3402b8841912.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the polyp described primarily composed of malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the polyp is described as primarily composed of benign cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the polyp described primarily composed of malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the polyp is described as primarily composed of benign cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1230, "image": "IqyZjd34xN4_image_86082ad4-79be-4a48-a3e6-7349dce678a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hemosiderin and hemorrhage are rare in DFSP but relatively common in dermatofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the diagnosis of dermatofibroma rely solely on the presence of hemosiderin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of hemosiderin is not the sole criterion for diagnosing dermatofibroma. While it is true that hemosiderin and hemorrhage are relatively common in dermatofibroma, other factors and clinical information are also important for making an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hemosiderin and hemorrhage are rare in DFSP but relatively common in dermatofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the diagnosis of dermatofibroma rely solely on the presence of hemosiderin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of hemosiderin alone is not sufficient to make a diagnosis of dermatofibroma. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic criteria, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1406, "image": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_a292f0f6-117a-4b02-9463-4a75d0517dd7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells present in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelial cells are present in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells present in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelial cells are present in the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2606, "image": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mature neural glial tissue necessary for a conclusive diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mature neural glial tissue is not necessary for a conclusive diagnosis. The absence of immature neural glial tissue, as mentioned in the reference report, can be an important finding, but it is not the only factor that can be used to make a diagnosis. Other clinical and pathological information, as well as the patient's medical history and symptoms, should also be considered when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mature neural glial tissue necessary for a conclusive diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mature neural glial tissue is not necessary for a conclusive diagnosis. The absence of immature neural glial tissue, as mentioned in the reference report, can be an important finding, but it is not the only factor that can be used to make a conclusive diagnosis. Other clinical and pathological findings, as well as the patient's medical history and symptoms, should also be considered when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2988, "image": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_da982d8a-49d6-4d95-80cb-9a9f0dae4fd8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindle-shaped areas in a liposarcoma indicate dedifferentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liposarcoma typically associated with MDM2 mutations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, liposarcoma is often associated with MDM2 mutations." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindle-shaped areas in a liposarcoma indicate dedifferentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liposarcoma typically associated with MDM2 mutations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, liposarcoma is typically associated with MDM2 mutations." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 148, "image": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can neuroendocrine tumors be identified during endoscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neuroendocrine tumors can be identified during endoscopy. They can present as a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive, which can help in their identification and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can neuroendocrine tumors be identified during endoscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neuroendocrine tumors can be identified during endoscopy. However, it is important to note that the identification of neuroendocrine tumors during endoscopy may not always be straightforward, and further diagnostic tests, such as biopsy, may be required to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2058, "image": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_e4fdee33-99a1-40e0-bd6b-d2bb6c668f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous carcinoma in situ typically exhibit invasive growth patterns?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous carcinoma in situ typically does not exhibit invasive growth patterns. It is a non-invasive form of cancer that originates in the sebaceous gland and remains confined to the gland. However, it is important to note that the diagnosis and management of any medical condition should be done by a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous carcinoma in situ typically exhibit invasive growth patterns?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous carcinoma in situ typically does not exhibit invasive growth patterns. It is a non-invasive form of cancer that originates in the sebaceous gland and remains confined to the gland. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any suspected skin lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2005, "image": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can an osteoid osteoma be diagnosed solely based on symptoms without imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, an osteoid osteoma cannot be diagnosed solely based on symptoms without imaging. Imaging, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, is essential for confirming the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can an osteoid osteoma be diagnosed solely based on symptoms without imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, an osteoid osteoma cannot be diagnosed solely based on symptoms without imaging. Imaging, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, is essential for the accurate diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. The image provided is an example of an imaging study that can help healthcare professionals identify the presence and location of an osteoid osteoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1982, "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the depth of involvement be used to assess the malignancy of a lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the depth of involvement can be an important factor in assessing the malignancy of a lesion. In this case, the depth of involvement is used to determine that the lesion is malignant, rather than relying solely on atypia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the depth of involvement be used to assess the malignancy of a lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the depth of involvement can be an important factor in assessing the malignancy of a lesion. In this case, the depth of involvement is used to determine that the lesion is malignant, rather than relying solely on atypia. However, it is important to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 282, "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_b1ff0792-d43d-4472-bcb5-b31f50d1f8c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic nuclei suggest a bacterial infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophilic nuclei are not specific for bacterial infections. They can be seen in various conditions, including viral infections. The presence of eosinophilic nuclei in the image is suspicious for a viral cytopathic effect, which means that the cells may be affected by a viral infection. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact cause of the observed changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic nuclei suggest a bacterial infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophilic nuclei are not specific for bacterial infections. They can be seen in various conditions, including viral infections. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 165, "image": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the spleen's red pulp include loose reticular networks of capillaries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spleen's red pulp includes loose reticular networks of capillaries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the spleen's red pulp include loose reticular networks of capillaries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spleen's red pulp includes loose reticular networks of capillaries." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1206, "image": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enteroendocrine cells present in the simple columnar epithelium of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of enteroendocrine cells in the simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enteroendocrine cells present in the simple columnar epithelium of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of enteroendocrine cells in the simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2211, "image": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_911697f5-66ae-49b5-9bde-2382dd7c57d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can photodermatitis lead to ballooning degeneration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, photodermatitis can lead to ballooning degeneration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can photodermatitis lead to ballooning degeneration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, photodermatitis can be a cause of ballooning degeneration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1000, "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_649c39de-beb6-4f3a-b59c-392e5aa85cd8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hyaline basement membrane exclusive to liver tissue findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hyaline basement membrane is not exclusive to liver tissue findings. It can also be observed in other tissues, such as the skin, as seen in the provided image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a hyaline basement membrane exclusive to liver tissue findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hyaline basement membrane is not exclusive to liver tissue findings. It can also be observed in other tissues, such as the skin, as seen in the provided image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2432, "image": "gslxpM8tZjI_image_27140f7f-59c3-44d5-9ab3-c0997230f105.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor being described is a cellular myxoma, which closely mimics a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the described tumor be classified as a variant of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor being described can be classified as a variant of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor being described is a cellular myxoma, which closely mimics a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the described tumor be classified as a variant of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the described tumor can be classified as a variant of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2601, "image": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ductal epithelial hyperplasia always indicate the presence of cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ductal epithelial hyperplasia is not always indicative of cancer. It is a benign condition that can be associated with various factors, such as hormonal changes, inflammation, or other non-cancerous causes. However, it is important to monitor and evaluate any changes in the breast tissue, as some cases of ductal epithelial hyperplasia may progress to cancer over time. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ductal epithelial hyperplasia always indicate the presence of cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ductal epithelial hyperplasia is not always indicative of cancer. It is a benign condition that refers to an increase in the number of cells lining the ducts of the breast. However, it is important to monitor and evaluate any changes in the breast tissue, as some cases of ductal epithelial hyperplasia can progress to cancer. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 319, "image": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteosarcoma considered a type of bone cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteosarcoma is considered a type of bone cancer. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. Osteosarcoma can occur in any bone, but it is most commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs, near the growth plate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteosarcoma considered a type of bone cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteosarcoma is considered a type of bone cancer. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the bone and can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, along with a thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical history and symptoms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 714, "image": "DuUxmT2OiFY_image_d3489dcc-329e-41ae-a1a4-2e3c9acfbc2a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Purkinje fibers modified cardiac muscle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells. They are specialized muscle fibers that play a crucial role in the electrical conduction system of the heart." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Purkinje fibers modified cardiac muscle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells. They are specialized muscle fibers that play a crucial role in the electrical conduction system of the heart." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 561, "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_232a0b8b-e0e3-46f6-882b-53806d0074cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomas characterized by the presence of scattered lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulomas are characterized by the presence of scattered lymphocytes, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomas characterized by the presence of scattered lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulomas are characterized by the presence of scattered lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2656, "image": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_527e1db2-5f20-49fc-a132-887e038c4c6d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal nevus is a benign hamartoma that is usually present since birth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does chronic gastritis involve inflammation of the gastric body mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chronic gastritis can involve inflammation of the gastric body mucosa, as well as the fundus and antrum mucosa." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal nevus is a benign hamartoma that is usually present since birth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does chronic gastritis involve inflammation of the gastric body mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chronic gastritis can involve inflammation of the gastric body mucosa." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1619, "image": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_1ae72514-90d7-4695-ab88-2afddb464a4d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of dysplastic melanoma and the use of Sox or S-100 markers to differentiate it from other types of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can desmoplastic melanomas be identified by their unique fibrotic background?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, desmoplastic melanomas can be identified by their unique fibrotic background, which is characterized by the presence of a dense fibrous stroma surrounding the melanoma cells. This fibrotic background can be seen in the pathological image and is a key feature that helps differentiate desmoplastic melanomas from other types of melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of dysplastic melanoma and the use of Sox or S-100 markers to differentiate it from other types of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can desmoplastic melanomas be identified by their unique fibrotic background?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, desmoplastic melanomas can be identified by their unique fibrotic background, which is a characteristic feature of this type of melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1335, "image": "q9_bSt-wMRU_image_8ea5f414-3af5-4e56-a261-55e8a517a0f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eccrine syringofibroadenomas can occur as a reaction pattern in patients with stasis dermatitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the reticular appearance in the region indicative of eccrine syringofibroadenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reticular appearance in the region is indicative of eccrine syringofibroadenoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eccrine syringofibroadenomas can occur as a reaction pattern in patients with stasis dermatitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the reticular appearance in the region indicative of eccrine syringofibroadenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reticular appearance in the region is indicative of eccrine syringofibroadenoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 416, "image": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_caee687e-9c7f-4597-a231-8c9179cdefc4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are subepidermal vesicles exclusive to infectious skin conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, subepidermal vesicles can also be seen in other skin conditions, such as desmoplastic melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are subepidermal vesicles exclusive to infectious skin conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, subepidermal vesicles can also be seen in certain skin conditions, such as desmoplastic melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2892, "image": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are signet ring cells associated with a desmoplastic reaction in Kurkenberg tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, signet ring cells are associated with a desmoplastic reaction in Kurkenberg tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are signet ring cells associated with a desmoplastic reaction in Kurkenberg tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, signet ring cells are associated with a desmoplastic reaction in Kurkenberg tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 535, "image": "HX6i7j2CMKc_image_7ae93d64-aead-4d27-b540-64cc2c20add1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zygomycetes are vasculotropic fungi that can cause necrotizing eschars and fungal sepsis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Zygomycetes known for forming spores?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Zygomycetes are known for forming spores." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zygomycetes are vasculotropic fungi that can cause necrotizing eschars and fungal sepsis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Zygomycetes known for forming spores?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Zygomycetes are known for forming spores." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2676, "image": "DsmxUrUIDnk_image_5e331459-283c-489f-97b1-895863f7c93a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of cornoid lamella in the center of the lesion, with epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The epidermis outside the cornoid lamella is normal. These findings are indicative of porokeratosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the spermatic cord attach to the testis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spermatic cord attaches to the testis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of cornoid lamella in the center of the lesion, with epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The epidermis outside the cornoid lamella is normal. These findings are indicative of porokeratosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the spermatic cord attach to the testis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spermatic cord attaches to the testis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1393, "image": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_76c8769e-390b-4136-ac8b-ce8f6444fe7c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has small epithelial nests associated with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat ducts. Some of these nests have cystic structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction increase the risk of developing cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction can increase the risk of developing cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has small epithelial nests associated with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat ducts. Some of these nests have cystic structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction increase the risk of developing cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction can increase the risk of developing cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3039, "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_96daafe9-c0e5-459c-bde0-e38f6a7eb69a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the narrow strands in syringofibroadenoma be used to differentiate it from poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the narrow strands in syringofibroadenoma can be used to differentiate it from poroma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the narrow strands in syringofibroadenoma be used to differentiate it from poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the narrow strands in syringofibroadenoma can be used to differentiate it from poroma. This is because the narrow strands are a characteristic feature of syringofibroadenoma, while poroma typically has a different appearance." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 216, "image": "t311tjyl-TY_image_e8359d72-f88f-4448-807f-386f3d3e06d7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue centrally located?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue are centrally located." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue centrally located?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue are centrally located." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1322, "image": "UpoSccgVXt0_image_a285607c-070e-4ca1-a308-0e4faa627b38.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of classic SRIF on the pathology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can centrilobular fibrosis be found near the bronchovascular bundle in this pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, centrilobular fibrosis can be found near the bronchovascular bundle in this pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of classic SRIF on the pathology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can centrilobular fibrosis be found near the bronchovascular bundle in this pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, centrilobular fibrosis can be found near the bronchovascular bundle in this pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2449, "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas are not typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels. They are more commonly associated with high cholesterol levels and other lipid systemic abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas are not typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels. They are more commonly associated with high cholesterol levels and other lipid systemic abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2820, "image": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_7f2d49e2-b6ad-4e01-86ac-1299604343b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked atypia can indicate malignancy, such as malignant myoepitheliomas or myoepithelial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do myoepithelial cells stain strongly with S100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myoepithelial cells stain strongly with S100." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked atypia can indicate malignancy, such as malignant myoepitheliomas or myoepithelial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do myoepithelial cells stain strongly with S100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myoepithelial cells tend to stain strongly with S100." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2587, "image": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth. The primary type of cell found in the nodular growth is the clear cell with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth. The primary type of cell found in the nodular growth is the clear cell, which has pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1665, "image": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a type of xanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pathological process confined to the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathological process appears to be confined to the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a type of xanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pathological process confined to the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathological process appears to be confined to the dermis, as mentioned in the image and report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 281, "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_b1ff0792-d43d-4472-bcb5-b31f50d1f8c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic nuclei indicative of a potential viral infection in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophilic nuclei in the pathology image are suspicious for a potential viral cytopathic effect. This means that the cells may be affected by a viral infection, which can cause changes in the cell nuclei. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic nuclei indicative of a potential viral infection in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of eosinophilic nuclei in the pathology image is suspicious for a potential viral cytopathic effect. This means that the cells in the image may be affected by a viral infection, which can cause changes in the cell nuclei. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 140, "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoblastoma limited to non-retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoblastoma limited to non-retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1999, "image": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_4f442c22-79b1-4ae9-8703-c805a9d3e401.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are palisaded granulomatous lesions typically found in patients with no underlying systemic conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, palisaded granulomatous lesions are not typically found in patients with no underlying systemic conditions. They are more commonly associated with certain systemic conditions, such as Crohn's disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are palisaded granulomatous lesions typically found in patients with no underlying systemic conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, palisaded granulomatous lesions are typically found in patients with no underlying systemic conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1637, "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can tangential cuts of skin samples result in islands of papillary dermis surrounded by epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tangential cuts of skin samples can result in islands of papillary dermis surrounded by epidermis. This appearance can be seen in the image provided." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can tangential cuts of skin samples result in islands of papillary dermis surrounded by epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tangential cuts of skin samples can result in islands of papillary dermis surrounded by epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2529, "image": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_0bb0a0f3-46f8-4408-afc5-6db1952e7b18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is characterized by spindle cells and thin slit-like spaces, which may contain red blood cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are solitary fibrous tumors exclusively high-risk variants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, solitary fibrous tumors are not exclusively high-risk variants. They can be classified into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk variants. The classification is based on the histological features of the tumor, such as the presence of mitotic figures, nuclear pleomorphism, and necrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is characterized by spindle cells and thin slit-like spaces, which may contain red blood cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are solitary fibrous tumors exclusively high-risk variants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, solitary fibrous tumors are not exclusively high-risk variants. They can be classified into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk variants based on their histological features and molecular markers." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 45, "image": "Loj1ms9sd0c_image_8ee72067-b59b-4cb8-aa0e-dc0d583dc653.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the malfunctioning of GM-CSF, which leads to the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are antibodies against the GM-CSF pathway associated with a specific autoimmune disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of antibodies against the GM-CSF pathway is associated with a specific autoimmune disease called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the malfunctioning of GM-CSF, which leads to the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are antibodies against the GM-CSF pathway associated with a specific autoimmune disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of antibodies against the GM-CSF pathway is associated with a specific autoimmune disease called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 271, "image": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus suggestive of a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus in the image is suggestive of a pathological condition, which in this case is cirrhosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus suggestive of a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus in the image is suggestive of a pathological condition, which is cirrhosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2280, "image": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does epithelial hyperplasia indicate a decrease in cell layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelial hyperplasia is a condition where there is an increase in the number of cells in the epithelial layer, leading to a thickening of the tissue. This is not a decrease in cell layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does epithelial hyperplasia indicate a decrease in cell layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelial hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in the epithelial layer, which can lead to an increase in the thickness of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2564, "image": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_83e10255-309f-4589-99ad-8bec4556657d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspicion of atypical epithelioid proliferation, possibly mesothelioma or adenocarcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are blunted villi a characteristic feature of celiac disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, blunted villi are a characteristic feature of celiac disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suspicion of atypical epithelioid proliferation, possibly mesothelioma or adenocarcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are blunted villi a characteristic feature of celiac disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, blunted villi are a characteristic feature of celiac disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 678, "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_79eb2714-9369-4729-abc0-717f6968c752.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is seen in the subcutis, mostly in the septum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do giant cells typically indicate an acute infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, giant cells are not typically associated with acute infections. They are more commonly found in chronic inflammatory conditions or in response to foreign bodies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is seen in the subcutis, mostly in the septum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do giant cells typically indicate an acute infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, giant cells are not typically associated with acute infections. They are more commonly seen in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as granulomatous inflammation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 490, "image": "1rgtmJNLwn0_image_2a5e15e5-e045-49ce-91d6-8b4f6d3348ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elastic stain is required to identify elastic cartilage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can an elastic stain be used to differentiate elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an elastic stain can be used to differentiate elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage. Elastic cartilage is a specialized type of cartilage that contains elastic fibers, which give it its elasticity and resilience. By using an elastic stain, such as Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stain, it is possible to visualize and identify elastic cartilage in histological samples." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elastic stain is required to identify elastic cartilage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can an elastic stain be used to differentiate elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, an elastic stain can be used to differentiate elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage. Elastic cartilage is characterized by its elastic properties, which can be visualized using specific staining techniques. These stains help to highlight the elastic fibers within the cartilage, making it easier to distinguish elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1219, "image": "eEdKQk_MhMQ_image_cd89f57e-6ef9-4844-b4f1-4ab5de8e9af2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intercalated duct cells are responsive to secretin in response to a drop in pH as acidic chyme moves out of the stomach into the small intestine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue described arising in multiple planes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue described in the image is arising in multiple planes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intercalated duct cells are responsive to secretin in response to a drop in pH as acidic chyme moves out of the stomach into the small intestine. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue described arising in multiple planes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue described in the image is arising in multiple planes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2673, "image": "uNepYtLknmk_image_f822e80a-44b5-4fc9-b5a2-1cc607af5833.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 the only marker used to identify vascular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34 is not the only marker used to identify vascular structures. Other markers, such as desmin, are also used to help differentiate between various types of tumors and to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 the only marker used to identify vascular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34 is not the only marker used to identify vascular structures. In this particular case, CD34 is used in combination with desmin to help identify the vascular structures in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1447, "image": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_ef7a5d22-9bef-46c5-957d-783b5bded4f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation present in this case of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, which is a characteristic feature of squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation present in this case of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation in the squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 616, "image": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland typically dense?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is typically loose." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland typically dense?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is typically loose." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2959, "image": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7494a01e-6e65-49d4-bf03-0599b1de29a8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transition between the tumor and normal tissue gradual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transition between the tumor and normal tissue is abrupt." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transition between the tumor and normal tissue gradual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transition between the tumor and normal tissue is abrupt." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2693, "image": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_563eecc4-ad37-442b-91b8-a78f4218d3cf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of multiple cornoid lamellae is indicative of porokeratosis, possibly the ticotrophic type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cornoid lamellae typically found in the subcutaneous tissue layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cornoid lamellae are typically found in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of multiple cornoid lamellae is indicative of porokeratosis, possibly the ticotrophic type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cornoid lamellae typically found in the subcutaneous tissue layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cornoid lamellae are typically found in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 487, "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit invasive characteristics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor exhibits invasive characteristics, as mentioned in the image and report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit invasive characteristics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor exhibits invasive characteristics, as mentioned in the image and report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1135, "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis is not indicative of a bacterial infection. It is a histopathological finding that can be associated with various skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and other inflammatory skin diseases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis is not indicative of a bacterial infection. It is a histopathological finding that can be associated with various skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and other inflammatory skin diseases." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 7, "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_e980090e-fed8-4117-970e-1898766483ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis show diffuse spongiosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows diffuse spongiosis, which is a characteristic feature of Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis show diffuse spongiosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows diffuse spongiosis, which is a characteristic feature of Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1173, "image": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 expected to be positive in the given chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34 is expected to be negative in the given chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 expected to be positive in the given chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34 is expected to be negative in the given chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 762, "image": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_b15a0cd8-0ec2-402c-8fdf-5f133ccc081a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LSNA a condition that affects only the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LSNA is a condition that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by the presence of pus-filled cysts and can cause various skin changes, such as erythema, ulceration, and crusting." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LSNA a condition that affects only the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LSNA is a condition that affects the skin, specifically the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of parakeratosis and crusting, as well as rapid or slow death of the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2385, "image": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of spindle nuclei in the cells indicative of a typical epithelial cell type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of spindle nuclei in the cells is not indicative of a typical epithelial cell type." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of spindle nuclei in the cells indicative of a typical epithelial cell type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of spindle nuclei in the cells is not indicative of a typical epithelial cell type." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2387, "image": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do underlying cells disappear in invasive lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the underlying cells disappear in invasive lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do underlying cells disappear in invasive lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the underlying cells disappear in invasive lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1352, "image": "d6_YXCxCWvU_image_8fa5ba17-5cc8-48b0-9ae9-7482cb9f49ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily affect the muscular layer of the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily affects the subcutaneous tissue, which is the layer of tissue beneath the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily affect the muscular layer of the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease primarily affects the subcutaneous tissue, which is the layer of tissue just beneath the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 828, "image": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_8afee99c-7207-4cb5-8bdc-a827af2e1978.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cautious approach is recommended for big cysts close to the skin surface, particularly in sun-damaged extremities like dorsal hand or forearm, to rule out cystic squamousous or keratoacanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the dense pink structure in the image indicative of the nail plate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dense pink structure in the image is indicative of the nail plate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cautious approach is recommended for big cysts close to the skin surface, particularly in sun-damaged extremities like dorsal hand or forearm, to rule out cystic squamousous or keratoacanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the dense pink structure in the image indicative of the nail plate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dense pink structure in the image is indicative of the nail plate." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2739, "image": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_fc68418e-bb73-4c86-95e1-1526e30d29b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a molecular study for MAML2 useful in confirming the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a molecular study for MAML2 can be useful in confirming the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. MAML2 is a gene that has been associated with certain types of cancer, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma. By analyzing the MAML2 gene, healthcare professionals can gain additional information that can help support the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a molecular study for MAML2 useful in confirming the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a molecular study for MAML2 can be useful in confirming the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. MAML2 is a gene that has been associated with certain types of cancer, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma. By analyzing the MAML2 gene, healthcare professionals can gain valuable information about the tumor's characteristics and help confirm the diagnosis. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment options for the patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2127, "image": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cervical gland lined with a type of simple columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cervical gland is lined with a type of simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cervical gland lined with a type of simple columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cervical gland is lined with a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2218, "image": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_1374d5e5-a83b-4bec-9d9b-c55377a2481d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do hydroceles and spermatoceles involve the coalescence of sloughed sperm and epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and reference report suggest that hydroceles and spermatoceles are characterized by the coalescence of sloughed sperm and epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do hydroceles and spermatoceles involve the coalescence of sloughed sperm and epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hydroceles and spermatoceles involve the coalescence of sloughed sperm and epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2383, "image": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the small cells in the chest pathology report have spindle-shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the small cells in the chest pathology report have spindle-shaped nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the small cells in the chest pathology report have spindle-shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the small cells in the chest pathology report have spindle-shaped nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3062, "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign body resemble a scabies exoskeleton?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body in the sub corneal layer of the skin biopsy resembles a scabies exoskeleton." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign body resemble a scabies exoskeleton?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body in the sub corneal layer appears to resemble a scabies exoskeleton." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2026, "image": "kk_2426UA4Y_image_78366c87-60e6-48fb-9d74-2d0d184f19b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible to perform needle biopsies of the pancreas transabdominally?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible to perform needle biopsies of the pancreas transabdominally. This procedure involves using radiographic localization techniques to guide the needle to the correct location within the pancreas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible to perform needle biopsies of the pancreas transabdominally?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible to perform needle biopsies of the pancreas transabdominally. This procedure involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and into the pancreas to obtain a sample of tissue for further examination and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2183, "image": "TgsVDIwfv3o_image_20e07f48-b5b3-4246-98c6-66f23ed652ad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the image primarily interstitial wavy cells resembling juvenile granulosa cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the image are primarily interstitial wavy cells resembling juvenile granulosa cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the image primarily interstitial wavy cells resembling juvenile granulosa cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the image are primarily interstitial wavy cells resembling juvenile granulosa cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1462, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid histiocytes involved in the differential diagnosis for the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelioid histiocytes are involved in the differential diagnosis for the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid histiocytes involved in the differential diagnosis for the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelioid histiocytes are involved in the differential diagnosis for the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 457, "image": "yKy4I7vNtVo_image_d5c4caa6-e06b-4ddf-b49a-388acef02f72.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the dermal cells have a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dermal cells in the image have a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the dermal cells have a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dermal cells in the image have a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 557, "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers typically positive in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, P63 and P40 markers are typically negative in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers typically positive in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, P63 and P40 markers are typically negative in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 860, "image": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_69fc197f-fd8c-48ed-b4af-9ae5cb558286.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No lipoblasts or nuclear atypia seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hibernomas commonly found around the shoulder girdle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hibernomas are commonly found around the shoulder girdle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No lipoblasts or nuclear atypia seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hibernomas commonly found around the shoulder girdle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hibernomas are commonly found around the shoulder girdle." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 627, "image": "YbaoUQNbqiU_image_6050350a-4712-4f9e-9f74-83c9a6f0f596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does encephalomalacia result in the solidification of brain tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, encephalomalacia does not result in the solidification of brain tissue. Instead, it leads to the softening and loss of brain tissue, which can be seen as a decrease in the size of the affected area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does encephalomalacia result in the solidification of brain tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, encephalomalacia does not result in the solidification of brain tissue. Encephalomalacia is a softening or loss of brain tissue, which can be caused by various factors such as injury, inflammation, or lack of blood supply. It is important to note that the presence of encephalomalacia in the brain does not lead to the hardening or solidification of the brain tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 160, "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia. The primary cell type involved in these dermatoses is neutrophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia. The primary cell type involved in these dermatoses is neutrophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1767, "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_b5e5e6e2-3d83-4f39-a154-eb6b85b15a43.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The inner layer is composed of cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is composed of syncytiotrophoblast, or fused cells with multiple nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vascular spaces in angiosarcoma typically well-organized and uniform?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the vascular spaces in angiosarcoma are typically poorly formed and irregular in shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The inner layer is composed of cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is composed of syncytiotrophoblast, or fused cells with multiple nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vascular spaces in angiosarcoma typically well-organized and uniform?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the vascular spaces in angiosarcoma are typically poorly formed and irregular." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2229, "image": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_03b2a166-0981-44eb-b2c7-9b0f8c8546e1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DFSP a type of neural neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DFSP is not a type of neural neoplasm. It is a rare skin tumor that arises from the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DFSP a type of neural neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DFSP is not a type of neural neoplasm. It is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor that arises from the connective tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1641, "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma characterized by a florid papillary morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is characterized by a florid papillary morphology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma characterized by a florid papillary morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is characterized by a florid papillary morphology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2634, "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_68f55465-2087-4800-a9ed-2f21e2ef8860.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid follicles exclusively found in non-smokers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphoid follicles can be found in both smokers and non-smokers. They are part of the immune system and can be seen in various conditions, including inflammation and infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid follicles exclusively found in non-smokers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphoid follicles can be found in both smokers and non-smokers. They are part of the immune system and can be seen in various lung conditions, including emphysema." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2259, "image": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pagetoid spread typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pagetoid spread is not typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions. It is more commonly associated with neoplastic or malignant conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pagetoid spread typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pagetoid spread is not typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions. It is more commonly associated with malignant melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 914, "image": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_9675f5d5-627e-44d0-a9d3-4f243fe6624a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the media layer of smooth muscle cells in a venous wall. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the gaps in the venous wall typically associated with a healthy vascular system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the gaps in the venous wall are not typically associated with a healthy vascular system. They may indicate some sort of damage, injury, or disease affecting the blood vessel. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the media layer of smooth muscle cells in a venous wall. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the gaps in the venous wall typically associated with a healthy vascular system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the gaps in the venous wall are not typically associated with a healthy vascular system. They may indicate some sort of abnormality or pathology in the blood vessel. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 158, "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical neutrophilic dermatoses commonly seen in lung infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical neutrophilic dermatoses are not commonly seen in lung infections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical neutrophilic dermatoses commonly seen in lung infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical neutrophilic dermatoses are not commonly seen in lung infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3093, "image": "VT_QSbURnXg_image_a7d6365f-8a82-4023-b02e-44776f50e52d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the mucosa contain a layer called the lamina epithelialis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mucosa in the image contains a layer called the lamina epithelialis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the mucosa contain a layer called the lamina epithelialis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mucosa in the image contains a layer called the lamina epithelialis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1780, "image": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_6f8d6e92-95dd-4a94-b2ae-ad88849bee45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are apoptotic keratinocytes also referred to as pink blobs in certain clinical diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, apoptotic keratinocytes can be referred to as pink blobs in certain clinical diseases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are apoptotic keratinocytes also referred to as pink blobs in certain clinical diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, apoptotic keratinocytes can be referred to as pink blobs in certain clinical diseases." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1430, "image": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_9c159103-84dd-4674-a3af-2b1d3ebd4750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ganglioneuroma exhibit a haphazard architectural pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ganglioneuroma typically exhibits a haphazard architectural pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ganglioneuroma exhibit a haphazard architectural pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ganglioneuroma typically exhibits a haphazard architectural pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1506, "image": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_22dd443b-bd6e-4753-a501-50ba49a5da54.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoid tumors are classified based on anatomic distribution: extra abdominal (60%), abdominal (20-25%), and intra abdominal (15%). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is beta-catenin over activation associated with diffuse fibromatosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, beta-catenin over activation is associated with diffuse fibromatosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoid tumors are classified based on anatomic distribution: extra abdominal (60%), abdominal (20-25%), and intra abdominal (15%). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is beta-catenin over activation associated with diffuse fibromatosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, beta-catenin over activation is associated with diffuse fibromatosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1599, "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_2218beb2-1238-4541-8e3e-40bfcd5ed4a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in atypical fibroxanthoma characterized by pleomorphism?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in atypical fibroxanthoma are characterized by pleomorphism, which means they exhibit a variety of shapes and sizes. This is a common feature of malignant tumors, including sarcomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in atypical fibroxanthoma characterized by pleomorphism?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in atypical fibroxanthoma are characterized by pleomorphism, which means they exhibit a variety of shapes and sizes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 3035, "image": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_5e7da8a7-19b6-49d5-a673-18de590f5337.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible lacrimal gland identified with mucin glands and ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of mucin in a tumor suggest a mucinous adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mucin in a tumor can be an important diagnostic feature, as it may suggest a mucinous adenocarcinoma. However, it is important to note that the presence of mucin alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation, including additional imaging studies and possibly a biopsy, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible lacrimal gland identified with mucin glands and ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of mucin in a tumor suggest a mucinous adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mucin in a tumor can be an indication of a mucinous adenocarcinoma. However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 156, "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chest pathology sometimes present signs of leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chest pathology can sometimes present signs of leukemia, as seen in the provided image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chest pathology sometimes present signs of leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chest pathology can sometimes present signs of leukemia. However, it is important to note that the presence of leukemia in the chest pathology image should be confirmed through further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1519, "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of CD20-positive cells noted in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of CD20-positive cells is not noted in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of CD20-positive cells noted in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of CD20-positive cells is not noted in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 228, "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells present in the image CD56 positive T cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells present in the image are CD56 positive T cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells present in the image CD56 positive T cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the image are CD56 positive T cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 546, "image": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_2be74d7e-6185-46e9-8d53-279584b9f3f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum and blood vessels are present in the given region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the synovial membrane responsible for providing nutrients to the articular cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the synovial membrane is responsible for providing nutrients to the articular cartilage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum and blood vessels are present in the given region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the synovial membrane responsible for providing nutrients to the articular cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the synovial membrane is responsible for providing nutrients to the articular cartilage." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 188, "image": "ujilbsMBHts_image_e1e5c224-8da5-4510-9819-6c18afa95510.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of active follicular development in the segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no indications of active follicular development in the segment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any indications of active follicular development in the segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no indications of active follicular development in the segment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1811, "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_7b18e97f-c4af-4223-8463-d78b8e556272.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the duct of the gland branched?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the duct of the gland are unbranched." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the duct of the gland branched?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the duct of the gland are not branched. They are unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 185, "image": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts appear uniformly shaped?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications in dilated ducts do not appear uniformly shaped." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts appear uniformly shaped?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications in dilated ducts do not appear uniformly shaped. They are described as having a \"salt and pepper\" appearance, which means they have a varied and irregular shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2061, "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spindle cell lipomas commonly associated with facial expressions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spindle cell lipomas are not commonly associated with facial expressions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spindle cell lipomas commonly associated with facial expressions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spindle cell lipomas are not commonly associated with facial expressions. They are benign fatty tumors that can occur in various parts of the body, but they are not typically associated with facial expressions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 671, "image": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The discussed tumor is a Brenner tumor, positive for CK7 and thrombomodulin-modulin and EMA, and negative for CK20. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it believed that the transitional type epithelium in the ovary is a developmental remnant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is believed that the transitional type epithelium in the ovary is a developmental remnant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The discussed tumor is a Brenner tumor, positive for CK7 and thrombomodulin-modulin and EMA, and negative for CK20. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it believed that the transitional type epithelium in the ovary is a developmental remnant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is believed that the transitional type epithelium in the ovary is a developmental remnant." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1212, "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermatomyofibroma typically identified by the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermatomyofibroma is typically identified by the presence of parallel fascicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermatomyofibroma typically identified by the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermatomyofibroma is typically identified by the presence of parallel fascicles in the pathological image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 353, "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can these lobules be associated with a benign neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lobules in the image can be associated with a benign neoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can these lobules be associated with a benign neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lobules in the image can be associated with a benign neoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 1725, "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_aafe5f96-8c1c-4259-b91e-112e960b9508.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dense or nodular lymphatic tissue is associated with the arterial portion of the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes involved in the migration through lymphoid tissue in the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows erythrocytes involved in the migration through lymphoid tissue in the spleen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dense or nodular lymphatic tissue is associated with the arterial portion of the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes involved in the migration through lymphoid tissue in the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that erythrocytes are involved in the migration through lymphoid tissue in the spleen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 707, "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma frequently diagnosed in the submandibular gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin lymphoma is not frequently diagnosed in the submandibular gland. It is more commonly found in the lymph nodes, particularly in the cervical and mediastinal regions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma frequently diagnosed in the submandibular gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin lymphoma is not frequently diagnosed in the submandibular gland. It is more commonly found in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit areas that resemble atypical cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor exhibits areas that resemble atypical cartilage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit areas that resemble atypical cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not exhibit areas that resemble atypical cartilage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SQ1uNXtJwdI_image_cdfc70e1-1e14-456c-8d11-d7d6d7527cb3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cells in poroma neoplasms responsible for secreting sweat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows poroma neoplasms, which are benign skin tumors. The cells in these neoplasms are not responsible for secreting sweat." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cells in poroma neoplasms responsible for secreting sweat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cells in poroma neoplasms are not responsible for secreting sweat." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SQ1uNXtJwdI_image_cdfc70e1-1e14-456c-8d11-d7d6d7527cb3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do poroma neoplasms cells use lipids for ATP production?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that poroma neoplasms cells do not use lipids for ATP production." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do poroma neoplasms cells use lipids for ATP production?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, poroma neoplasms cells use lipids for ATP production." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Eh4_b_O7tMQ_image_887e6ea4-50a5-4b61-8656-ab1a0292bc5d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole and secrete renin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show the presence of squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole and secrete renin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show the presence of squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy does not show the presence of squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VYgvq5-w1V4_image_9a4137de-1c67-4034-ad8b-96e25fb242dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the histopathology of a tumor with papillae and a hyaline papillary sclerotic core, similar to clear cell carcinomas of the ovary or endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endometrial glands present in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows the presence of endometrial glands." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the histopathology of a tumor with papillae and a hyaline papillary sclerotic core, similar to clear cell carcinomas of the ovary or endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endometrial glands present in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endometrial glands are not present in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do nodules only present as solid masses, without any cavitary lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows a nodule with cavitary lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do nodules only present as solid masses, without any cavitary lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, the nodules in the image are solid masses without any cavitary lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_73e5e8b5-0d76-49cd-9763-5a73b3eef385.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stellate reticulum-like areas are not present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a normal mitotic figure typically found in the basal cell layer of the chest epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a normal mitotic figure is typically found in the basal cell layer of the chest epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stellate reticulum-like areas are not present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a normal mitotic figure typically found in the basal cell layer of the chest epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a normal mitotic figure is not typically found in the basal cell layer of the chest epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "L_v9lgMKQh8_image_818d3133-4795-49e4-ab29-8941732ce463.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the papillae of the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of eosinophils in the papillae of the epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the papillae of the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not present in the papillae of the epithelium in this particular image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of neuroendocrine features sufficient for the classification of a tumor as neuroendocrine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of neuroendocrine features in the histopathological image is sufficient for the classification of the tumor as neuroendocrine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of neuroendocrine features sufficient for the classification of a tumor as neuroendocrine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of neuroendocrine features is not sufficient for the classification of a tumor as neuroendocrine. The classification of a tumor as neuroendocrine requires the presence of neuroendocrine features along with other histological features." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KO291SXq44U_image_598b0bc5-08c4-4407-ae29-e49a5e466ea3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are present in the inflammatory response in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not present in the inflammatory response in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of hyperplasia in breast tissue during pregnancy considered abnormal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of hyperplasia in breast tissue during pregnancy is not necessarily abnormal. Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which can occur in response to various stimuli, including hormonal changes during pregnancy. However, it is important to note that the presence of hyperplasia in breast tissue may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of hyperplasia in breast tissue during pregnancy considered abnormal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of hyperplasia in breast tissue during pregnancy is considered abnormal. Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which can lead to an enlargement of the affected area. In the context of breast tissue, hyperplasia can be a sign of an underlying issue, such as inflammation, infection, or even a precursor to breast cancer. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and appropriate management." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mZyNihzHysk_image_4206be72-df0f-47ad-9cea-ad2741dacd95.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Markers for epithelial cells such as P40, P63, or CK56 and pan-cytokeratin or OSKR are more meaningful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Virchow-Robin spaces typically found in the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Virchow-Robin spaces are typically found in the brain. They are small, fluid-filled spaces that surround blood vessels and are a normal part of the brain's structure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Markers for epithelial cells such as P40, P63, or CK56 and pan-cytokeratin or OSKR are more meaningful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Virchow-Robin spaces typically found in the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Virchow-Robin spaces are not typically found in the brain. They are more commonly seen in the spinal cord, particularly in the cervical region." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcifications commonly found in dilated ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, calcifications are commonly found in dilated ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcifications commonly found in dilated ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications are not commonly found in dilated ducts. Calcifications are more frequently seen in terminal duct lobular units." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ujilbsMBHts_image_e1e5c224-8da5-4510-9819-6c18afa95510.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is follicular atresia observed in the examined segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, follicular atresia is observed in the examined segment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is follicular atresia observed in the examined segment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, follicular atresia is not observed in the examined segment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_5e89ab4d-a3d7-4954-83da-8170bcf1d759.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of red blood cells, erythrocytes, and fragmented platelets in the background. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of erythroblasts in bone marrow an abnormal finding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of erythroblasts in bone marrow is not an abnormal finding. Erythroblasts are precursors to red blood cells, and their presence in bone marrow is a normal part of the process of red blood cell production. However, the number of erythroblasts can vary depending on factors such as age, health, and certain medical conditions. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any underlying issues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of red blood cells, erythrocytes, and fragmented platelets in the background. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of erythroblasts in bone marrow an abnormal finding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of erythroblasts in bone marrow is an abnormal finding. It indicates that there is an increased production of red blood cells, which can be a sign of various conditions, such as anemia, inflammation, or other blood disorders. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypia located in layers other than the corneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypia is located in layers other than the corneal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypia located in layers other than the corneal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypia is not located in layers other than the corneal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "nZV009XOvn8_image_f574e75e-073c-4df1-b23f-94d28394c1e1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is follicular lymphoma based on the biopsy with classic findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of Verocay bodies suggest a diagnosis of schwannoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of Verocay bodies in the histopathology image is a characteristic feature of schwannomas. Verocay bodies are bundles of spindle cells that are arranged in a specific pattern, which is typically seen in schwannomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is follicular lymphoma based on the biopsy with classic findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of Verocay bodies suggest a diagnosis of schwannoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of Verocay bodies in the image is not sufficient to suggest a diagnosis of schwannoma. Verocay bodies are a histological feature that can be seen in certain types of tumors, including schwannomas. However, their presence alone is not enough to make a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to determine the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "nZV009XOvn8_image_f574e75e-073c-4df1-b23f-94d28394c1e1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is follicular lymphoma based on the biopsy with classic findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Antoni B area described as myxoid in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Antoni B area is described as myxoid in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is follicular lymphoma based on the biopsy with classic findings. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Antoni B area described as myxoid in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Antoni B area is not described as myxoid in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_8744a2e8-827e-420c-9b91-e092a033112f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does IPMN primarily affect the pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, it appears that IPMN primarily affects the pancreas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does IPMN primarily affect the pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, IPMN primarily affects the bile ducts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_8744a2e8-827e-420c-9b91-e092a033112f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucinous epithelium features crucial for diagnosing IPMN?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mucinous epithelium features is crucial for diagnosing IPMN, as it is a characteristic feature of this type of lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucinous epithelium features crucial for diagnosing IPMN?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mucinous epithelium features are not crucial for diagnosing IPMN. The diagnosis of IPMN is based on the presence of a specific histological pattern, which is not necessarily dependent on the presence of mucinous epithelium features." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bkSZUHsG1No_image_db7a86c5-7e8b-479c-9bd3-4d969be04695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the two types of epithelium within the nasal cavity: respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells and olfactory epithelium very tall columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium containing olfactory neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inner part of the nose lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inner part of the nose is lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the two types of epithelium within the nasal cavity: respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells and olfactory epithelium very tall columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium containing olfactory neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inner part of the nose lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inner part of the nose is lined by respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type observed in the microscopic examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are the predominant cell type observed in the microscopic examination of the skin biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type observed in the microscopic examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cell type observed in the microscopic examination." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ZTsQFPhW26Y_image_9ec79bad-0ce6-4f42-af3f-37bbd75d3f04.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The neoplastic cells are small and bland looking, with no metastatic activity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pilocytic astrocytomas be diagnosed through imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, imaging studies like MRI or CT scans can help in the diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytomas. These imaging techniques can provide valuable information about the location, size, and shape of the tumor, which can aid in the identification and classification of the tumor. However, it is important to note that imaging studies alone may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Further diagnostic tests, such as a biopsy, may be required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The neoplastic cells are small and bland looking, with no metastatic activity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can pilocytic astrocytomas be diagnosed through imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Pilocytic astrocytomas are typically diagnosed through histopathological examination of tissue samples, as they are characterized by small, bland-looking neoplastic cells with no metastatic activity. Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, can provide valuable information about the location, size, and extent of the tumor, but they are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_fde0eb66-8d0b-4a97-9e6b-80942d04beff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there muscle tissue present in the adventitial layer of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of muscle tissue in the adventitial layer of the chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there muscle tissue present in the adventitial layer of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no muscle tissue present in the adventitial layer of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_59b16065-bfc7-4f9d-82eb-c08bb09b5903.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can argyria be easily reversed with cessation of exposure to the causative agent?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that argyria is not easily reversible with cessation of exposure to the causative agent. the image shows that the histopathological changes in the skin of the patient with argyria persisted even after the patient stopped taking silver sulfadiazine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can argyria be easily reversed with cessation of exposure to the causative agent?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, argyria can be reversed with cessation of exposure to the causative agent. However, it is important to note that the rate of reversal may vary depending on the individual and the severity of the condition. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and recommendations." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_0ce58a9d-d26e-4fe8-9ff5-30f19cca3b44.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colon biopsy shows absence of epithelial areas filled with granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of Crohn disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glandular cells arranged in a disarrayed pattern in the observed chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glandular cells in the observed chest pathology image are arranged in a disarrayed pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colon biopsy shows absence of epithelial areas filled with granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of Crohn disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glandular cells arranged in a disarrayed pattern in the observed chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glandular cells in the observed chest pathology image are arranged in a regular pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_0ce58a9d-d26e-4fe8-9ff5-30f19cca3b44.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colon biopsy shows absence of epithelial areas filled with granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of Crohn disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of glandular disarray uncommon in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of glandular disarray is not uncommon in chest pathology. It can be seen in various conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or even malignancy. The image provided is an example of glandular disarray observed in a chest pathology case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colon biopsy shows absence of epithelial areas filled with granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of Crohn disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of glandular disarray uncommon in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of glandular disarray is uncommon in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is bone production a feature seen in osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, bone production is a feature seen in osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is bone production a feature seen in osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, bone production is not a feature seen in osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zSdK_yWe_S4_image_2bb8e82e-40b8-491f-b62e-6910dfd9b179.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does pneumocystis pneumonia typically present with intra-alveolar exudate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a case of pneumocystis pneumonia with intra-alveolar exudate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does pneumocystis pneumonia typically present with intra-alveolar exudate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pneumocystis pneumonia typically presents with a predominantly interstitial pattern, rather than intra-alveolar exudate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_538f6275-5910-4a46-9840-84896a129971.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mounds of para and scale crust observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows mounds of para and scale crust." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mounds of para and scale crust observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mounds of para and scale crust are not observed in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_538f6275-5910-4a46-9840-84896a129971.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of spongiosis in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows evidence of spongiosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of spongiosis in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of spongiosis in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_d7cd0a32-2695-4803-95d9-68c343c448e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retraction artifact is seen, which is non-specific but can be seen with prostate cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foamy or fluffy cytoplasm indicative of a common lung pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The foamy or fluffy cytoplasm is not indicative of a common lung pathology. It is a characteristic feature of the tumor cells in this particular case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retraction artifact is seen, which is non-specific but can be seen with prostate cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foamy or fluffy cytoplasm indicative of a common lung pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foamy or fluffy cytoplasm is indicative of a common lung pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_7593afe7-b853-4a31-a634-e4ad18febc3a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor is a high-grade malignancy with many mitoses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of thick refractile walls a characteristic feature of fungal pathogens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of thick refractile walls is a characteristic feature of fungal pathogens in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor is a high-grade malignancy with many mitoses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of thick refractile walls a characteristic feature of fungal pathogens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of thick refractile walls is not a characteristic feature of fungal pathogens." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is viral pneumonia typically associated with an increase in alveolar macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an increase in alveolar macrophages, which is a characteristic finding in viral pneumonia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is viral pneumonia typically associated with an increase in alveolar macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, viral pneumonia is typically associated with an increase in neutrophils, not macrophages." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_caee687e-9c7f-4597-a231-8c9179cdefc4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a subepidermal vesicle indicative of epidermolysis bullosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a subepidermal vesicle is a characteristic feature of epidermolysis bullosa, a group of skin disorders that cause the outer layer of the skin to blister and shed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a subepidermal vesicle indicative of epidermolysis bullosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a subepidermal vesicle is not indicative of epidermolysis bullosa." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bBl1aM-u1Lw_image_c023f5c9-4c7b-4829-9ad8-95c2d55ac239.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double-muscularis mucosae is a space between the upper and lower layers, typically filled with large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lesions on the surface part of the mucosa classified as M1 mucosa carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesions on the surface part of the mucosa are classified as M1 mucosa carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double-muscularis mucosae is a space between the upper and lower layers, typically filled with large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lesions on the surface part of the mucosa classified as M1 mucosa carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesions on the surface part of the mucosa are not classified as M1 mucosa carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DbElLKSrPtk_image_57e59320-e139-4063-89dc-8d326c1ebf99.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be a wart with a thick layer of keratin on top, clinically referred to as a cutaneous horn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lichen sclerosis affect the basal layer of the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of lichen sclerosis, which is a skin condition characterized by the thickening of the skin. It is important to note that the image itself does not provide specific details about the basal layer of the epidermis. However, lichen sclerosis typically affects the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis. The basal layer of the epidermis is not directly involved in lichen sclerosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be a wart with a thick layer of keratin on top, clinically referred to as a cutaneous horn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lichen sclerosis affect the basal layer of the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lichen sclerosis does not affect the basal layer of the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the epithelial aggregates composed of uniform keratinocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelial aggregates in the image are composed of uniform keratinocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the epithelial aggregates composed of uniform keratinocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epithelial aggregates are composed of cells with a cuboidal to columnar appearance, and they are sitting on a thin basal lamina." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "k89APYba4Bw_image_0568e502-75b2-40c3-8b36-e99a044880b4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Muscular or distributing arteries are characterized by the dominance of smooth muscle in the media wall. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the primary function of smooth muscle in the arterial wall to transport oxygen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The primary function of smooth muscle in the arterial wall is not to transport oxygen. Instead, it plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the arterial wall and regulating blood flow." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Muscular or distributing arteries are characterized by the dominance of smooth muscle in the media wall. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the primary function of smooth muscle in the arterial wall to transport oxygen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the primary function of smooth muscle in the arterial wall is to transport oxygen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_ec362b93-01fa-4f8e-97e0-6f18575eac23.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are actively disrupting the glands, raising suspicion of lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fundic gland polyps commonly associated with low-grade dysplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that fundic gland polyps are commonly associated with low-grade dysplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are actively disrupting the glands, raising suspicion of lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fundic gland polyps commonly associated with low-grade dysplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fundic gland polyps are not commonly associated with low-grade dysplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "EvJHki_a0pI_image_02f97d6f-ee1b-4116-a73a-53effb3b2171.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of histiocytoid hemangioma should be considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent nucleoli a characteristic feature in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, prominent nucleoli are a characteristic feature in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of histiocytoid hemangioma should be considered. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent nucleoli a characteristic feature in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, prominent nucleoli are not a characteristic feature in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_cd0f4bb3-2d82-4e38-a253-1949c14a8a30.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows the presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RUukCc_GczA_image_c59bd64d-a272-4281-8a10-ce5e5a121fc0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thick fibrous septa surrounding the thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histology show an epithelial cell layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histology image shows an epithelial cell layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thick fibrous septa surrounding the thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histology show an epithelial cell layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histology does not show an epithelial cell layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RUukCc_GczA_image_c59bd64d-a272-4281-8a10-ce5e5a121fc0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thick fibrous septa surrounding the thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of colloid atypical for thyroid histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of colloid atypical for thyroid histology is not typical. This suggests that there may be some abnormality or pathology in the thyroid tissue. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thick fibrous septa surrounding the thyroid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of colloid atypical for thyroid histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of colloid atypical for thyroid histology is observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_512eb04b-ab52-4d57-9ac3-376b767b0cea.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lentigo maligna a form of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lentigo maligna is a form of melanoma. It is a type of skin cancer that arises from the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Lentigo maligna typically appears as a flat, irregularly shaped, brown or black spot on the skin, often on the face or neck." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lentigo maligna a form of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lentigo maligna is not a form of melanoma. It is a type of benign skin lesion that can be mistaken for melanoma due to its appearance. Lentigo maligna is a rare, slow-growing skin cancer that typically occurs in older individuals and is often found on sun-exposed areas of the skin. It is important to differentiate lentigo maligna from melanoma, as the latter is a malignant skin cancer that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_864fc606-764f-44d3-ab58-612a2ce9b328.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies typically associated with a neural origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Verocay bodies are typically associated with a neural origin. They are a histological feature often seen in certain types of tumors, such as schwannomas and neurofibromas, which are tumors that arise from the Schwann cells that form the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies typically associated with a neural origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies are not typically associated with a neural origin. They are more commonly found in certain types of tumors, such as schwannomas and neurofibromas, which are not of neural origin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_864fc606-764f-44d3-ab58-612a2ce9b328.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies found in hypercellular areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Verocay bodies are typically found in hypercellular areas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies found in hypercellular areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies are not found in hypercellular areas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Schiller-Dublin bodies be used as a diagnostic marker for endodermal sinus pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Schiller-Dublin bodies can be used as a diagnostic marker for endodermal sinus pattern. These bodies are characteristic histological features that can be observed in certain types of tumors, such as endodermal sinus tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Schiller-Dublin bodies be used as a diagnostic marker for endodermal sinus pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Schiller-Dublin bodies cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for endodermal sinus pattern. They are more commonly associated with yolk sac tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic granular bodies observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophilic granular bodies are observed in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic granular bodies observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophilic granular bodies are not observed in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_2be74d7e-6185-46e9-8d53-279584b9f3f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum and blood vessels are present in the given region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does articular cartilage contain a perichondrium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of articular cartilage, and it appears that there is no perichondrium present in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum and blood vessels are present in the given region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does articular cartilage contain a perichondrium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the articular cartilage in the image contains a perichondrium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_232a0b8b-e0e3-46f6-882b-53806d0074cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there significant inflammation observed in the granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of granulomas, but there is no significant inflammation observed in these granulomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there significant inflammation observed in the granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows significant inflammation in the granulomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_fca92f68-1d55-4b01-b05d-f49b4aaeeeb0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No epidermal involvement is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid areas a common feature in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, epithelioid areas are a common feature in malignant tumors. These areas are characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells, which are cells that resemble epithelial cells in appearance and function. The presence of epithelioid areas can be an important diagnostic feature when examining histopathological samples of malignant tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No epidermal involvement is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid areas a common feature in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Epithelioid areas are not a common feature in malignant tumors. They are more commonly seen in benign tumors or in certain types of malignant tumors. The presence of epithelioid areas in a tumor can be an important diagnostic clue, but it should be considered in the context of other clinical and pathological findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_d15a80ed-9e07-4263-a4a4-5510211aaca6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is S100 a marker that can identify macrophages in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that S100 is a marker that can identify macrophages in Rossi-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is S100 a marker that can identify macrophages in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, S100 is not a marker that can identify macrophages in Rossi-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_d15a80ed-9e07-4263-a4a4-5510211aaca6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is emperipolesis a feature that can be highlighted using S100 in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, emperipolesis is a feature that can be highlighted using S100 in Rossi-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is emperipolesis a feature that can be highlighted using S100 in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, emperipolesis is not a feature that can be highlighted using S100 in Rossi-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intraparotid lymph nodes a typical site for Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows an intraparotid lymph node, which is a lymph node located within the parotid gland. Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system. While Hodgkin lymphoma can occur in various lymph nodes throughout the body, it is not uncommon for it to involve lymph nodes in the head and neck region, including the parotid gland. However, the prevalence of Hodgkin lymphoma in intraparotid lymph nodes may vary depending on the specific case and the stage of the disease. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any suspected lymphoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intraparotid lymph nodes a typical site for Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intraparotid lymph nodes are not a typical site for Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is more commonly found in the lymph nodes of the neck, chest, or abdomen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YbaoUQNbqiU_image_6050350a-4712-4f9e-9f74-83c9a6f0f596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is encephalomalacia caused by activated microglial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that encephalomalacia is caused by activated microglial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is encephalomalacia caused by activated microglial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, encephalomalacia is not caused by activated microglial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YbaoUQNbqiU_image_6050350a-4712-4f9e-9f74-83c9a6f0f596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can encephalomalacia be considered a reversible condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that encephalomalacia is not a reversible condition. the image shows a case of encephalomalacia, which is a softening or loss of brain tissue, often as a result of injury, inflammation, or other pathological processes. the term \"reversible\" typically refers to conditions that can be cured or treated, but in this case, encephalomalacia is not considered reversible. however, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of encephalomalacia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can encephalomalacia be considered a reversible condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, encephalomalacia can be considered a reversible condition in some cases. However, it is important to note that the prognosis and potential for recovery depend on various factors, such as the underlying cause, the extent of the damage, and the individual's overall health. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment plan." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_138adf1e-8a27-4f11-9895-88d1489269f6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is another name for Rosai-Dorfman disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilated vessels a characteristic feature of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dilated vessels are a characteristic feature of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is another name for Rosai-Dorfman disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilated vessels a characteristic feature of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dilated vessels are not a characteristic feature of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LVC4_FIEeFs_image_e74aa7ee-6efc-45e2-82e5-98dfe992d561.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Better differentiation of the stratified squamous mucosa of the oral cavity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ameloblastic nests derived from stratified squamous mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ameloblastic nests in the image are derived from stratified squamous mucosa." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Better differentiation of the stratified squamous mucosa of the oral cavity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ameloblastic nests derived from stratified squamous mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ameloblastic nests are not derived from stratified squamous mucosa. They are derived from the odontogenic epithelium, which is a specialized tissue involved in tooth development." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SisuNSprfIc_image_30fe77f2-bfd9-44f0-8de7-eae2598fa0b4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in adenosis characterized by luminal folding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glands in adenosis are characterized by luminal folding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in adenosis characterized by luminal folding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glands in adenosis are not characterized by luminal folding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SisuNSprfIc_image_30fe77f2-bfd9-44f0-8de7-eae2598fa0b4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in adenosis typically without luminal folding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glands in adenosis typically do not have luminal folding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in adenosis typically without luminal folding?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glands in adenosis are typically without luminal folding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be symmetric and well-circumscribed, suggesting it is a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it likely that this lesion is of hematopoietic origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it is not likely that the lesion is of hematopoietic origin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be symmetric and well-circumscribed, suggesting it is a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it likely that this lesion is of hematopoietic origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It is unlikely that this lesion is of hematopoietic origin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_c043be87-43f3-48c1-86b5-e64b7d53e126.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The serosal layer is comprised of mesothelium and connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the oviduct possess an inner circular muscular layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of the oviduct, which is a part of the female reproductive system. However, it does not specifically mention the presence or absence of an inner circular muscular layer. To determine if the oviduct has an inner circular muscular layer, one would need to examine the histological section more closely or refer to additional information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The serosal layer is comprised of mesothelium and connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the oviduct possess an inner circular muscular layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the oviduct does not have an inner circular muscular layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_2926eb1d-f84f-4f72-91b7-728f73ef9a33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion being described is likely a papule with an encrusted surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of necrosis and atypia rule out malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of necrosis and atypia in the histopathology image does not rule out malignancy. While these features can be helpful in ruling out certain types of malignancies, they are not definitive. Further evaluation and testing may be necessary to determine the presence or absence of malignancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion being described is likely a papule with an encrusted surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of necrosis and atypia rule out malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of necrosis and atypia in the histopathological examination can help rule out malignancy. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-kDPj1J3dfc_image_4c79df7b-484e-4439-ba01-568476ebd48b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of melanocytes that trail off beyond the melanocytic nests in the edge of the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcified elastic fibers typically found in areas other than the elastica in pseudoxanthoma elasticum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcified elastic fibers are typically found in areas other than the elastica in pseudoxanthoma elasticum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of melanocytes that trail off beyond the melanocytic nests in the edge of the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are calcified elastic fibers typically found in areas other than the elastica in pseudoxanthoma elasticum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, calcified elastic fibers are typically found in areas other than the elastica in pseudoxanthoma elasticum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qUBwvDKqQ8A_image_5a6f74cc-b7ce-422f-b84b-8a355ded38c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plentiful mitotic figures are present in the tumor, indicating it is likely to be high-grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plentiful mitotic figures are present in the tumor, indicating it is likely to be high-grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma is not characterized by the presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the steatotic-looking area indicative of an adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The steatotic-looking area in the image is indicative of an adenoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the steatotic-looking area indicative of an adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the steatotic-looking area in the image is not indicative of an adenoma. It is important to note that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "I38AhlETuNY_image_7fe22b41-56ec-4934-8898-ffa0c98776e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plasma cells and lymphocytes are also present around vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a tricholemmalfolliculoma contain hair fibers or tricholemmalhyalin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tricholemmalfolliculoma, which is a benign tumor of the hair follicle. It is composed of hair follicles and tricholemmalhyalin. So, the answer is [yes]." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plasma cells and lymphocytes are also present around vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a tricholemmalfolliculoma contain hair fibers or tricholemmalhyalin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a tricholemmalfolliculoma does not contain hair fibers or tricholemmalhyalin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_f9fd53cd-0079-4b5a-b9e7-d591166dd843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anastomosing chords and bands of cells seen in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clinical history always necessary to differentiate between primary melanoma and metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, clinical history is often necessary to differentiate between primary melanoma and metastasis. The image provided shows a histopathological examination of a skin lesion, which can help in identifying the presence of melanoma cells. However, without the patient's clinical history, it may be difficult to determine whether the lesion is a primary melanoma or a metastasis from another site." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anastomosing chords and bands of cells seen in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clinical history always necessary to differentiate between primary melanoma and metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clinical history is not always necessary to differentiate between primary melanoma and metastasis. In some cases, the pathological image and the reference reports can provide enough information to make a diagnosis. However, it is important to consider all available information, including clinical history, when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the major interlobular duct have a stratified columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the major interlobular duct in the image has a stratified columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the major interlobular duct have a stratified columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the major interlobular duct does not have a stratified columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_c7290f33-cc4b-4b52-afd6-4412baaa2be3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confluent keratinocytic atypia throughout the epithelium suggests squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the immunohistochemical marker CD31 play a role in diagnosing angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunohistochemical marker CD31 can play a role in diagnosing angiosarcoma. In the image, the presence of CD31 staining in the tumor cells is observed, which can be helpful in identifying and diagnosing angiosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confluent keratinocytic atypia throughout the epithelium suggests squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the immunohistochemical marker CD31 play a role in diagnosing angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunohistochemical marker CD31 does not play a role in diagnosing angiosarcoma in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dizemqdPA8g_image_94389f16-cde6-481b-963f-9d68db204426.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do cells in poroma exhibit a lack of cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that cells in poroma do not exhibit a lack of cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do cells in poroma exhibit a lack of cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in poroma exhibit a lack of cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_41203ec2-0ddb-459a-862a-1721a3a749c1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protocol biopsies performed to monitor the health of an organ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, protocol biopsies are performed to monitor the health of an organ. They are typically done at regular intervals to detect any abnormalities or changes in the tissue, which can help identify potential issues or diseases early on." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protocol biopsies performed to monitor the health of an organ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, protocol biopsies are performed to monitor the health of an organ, not necessarily to check for rejection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the surface mucous cells in the fundic stomach be found lining the surface of the stomach mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the surface mucous cells can be found lining the surface of the stomach mucosa." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the surface mucous cells in the fundic stomach be found lining the surface of the stomach mucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the surface mucous cells in the fundic stomach cannot be found lining the surface of the stomach mucosa." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is focal stromal overgrowth commonly associated with epithelial-poor areas in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that focal stromal overgrowth is commonly associated with epithelial-poor areas in chest pathology. However, it is important to note that this observation may not be universally applicable, as the prevalence of this association may vary depending on the specific context and patient population being studied." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is focal stromal overgrowth commonly associated with epithelial-poor areas in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, focal stromal overgrowth is not commonly associated with epithelial-poor areas in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sZo2CR0qZ9Q_image_132df1e4-d703-4924-8c26-94b840127453.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deflated nuclei of the parietal layer of Bowman\u2019s capsule can be seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the first layer of the glomerular capsule composed of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of squamous cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deflated nuclei of the parietal layer of Bowman\u2019s capsule can be seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the first layer of the glomerular capsule composed of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the first layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of flattened cuboidal cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yAXR7oNll68_image_d9dc638b-3da7-4146-9877-f14625b0f7fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not usual ductal hyperplasia due to absence of disorderly arrangement as it moves into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the duct fully involved by the intraductal proliferation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the duct is fully involved by the intraductal proliferation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not usual ductal hyperplasia due to absence of disorderly arrangement as it moves into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the duct fully involved by the intraductal proliferation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the duct is not fully involved by the intraductal proliferation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an excessive amount of secreted material in the acini?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows normal histology, which means that there is no excessive amount of secreted material in the acini." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an excessive amount of secreted material in the acini?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an excessive amount of secreted material in the acini." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_51622b83-6877-4266-837a-7aa7713b3d18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of papillae branching a characteristic feature of papillary carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillae branching is a characteristic feature of papillary carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of papillae branching a characteristic feature of papillary carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of papillae branching is not a characteristic feature of papillary carcinoma. It is more commonly seen in follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion primarily made up of basal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion appears to be primarily composed of basal cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion primarily made up of basal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion is primarily made up of sebaceous gland cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceous differentiation a major feature of the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of the lesion, and it appears that sebaceous differentiation is not a major feature of the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceous differentiation a major feature of the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sebaceous differentiation is a major feature of the lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_cf2f9a84-be56-4146-b69d-db2ee037df46.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of interstitial thickening observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows evidence of interstitial thickening." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of interstitial thickening observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of interstitial thickening observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the identification of a papillary structure without a follicle indicative of a benign lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The identification of a papillary structure without a follicle in the histopathology image does not necessarily indicate a benign lesion. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the nature of the lesion. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the identification of a papillary structure without a follicle indicative of a benign lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the identification of a papillary structure without a follicle can be indicative of a benign lesion. However, it is important to consider the overall context of the image and the patient's clinical history to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_f1a5394e-2a65-4d75-8123-2eb0004cfb1a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chromophobe cells the most numerous in the sample described?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chromophobe cells are the most numerous in the sample described." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chromophobe cells the most numerous in the sample described?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chromophobe cells are not the most numerous in the sample described." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does spongiotic dermatitis typically show parakeratosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, spongiotic dermatitis typically shows parakeratosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does spongiotic dermatitis typically show parakeratosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiotic dermatitis does not typically show parakeratosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_fead79ec-245d-41e9-a82b-07935f312549.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma pattern in cytology with nesting and clumped pattern of melanocytes, which can aid in diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ERG a marker that can be used for identifying angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that ERG (epithelial growth factor receptor) is a marker that can be used for identifying angiosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma pattern in cytology with nesting and clumped pattern of melanocytes, which can aid in diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ERG a marker that can be used for identifying angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ERG is not a marker that can be used for identifying angiosarcoma. It is a marker that is often used to identify certain types of cancer, such as melanoma and sarcoma. However, in this case, ERG is not a reliable marker for angiosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_fead79ec-245d-41e9-a82b-07935f312549.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma pattern in cytology with nesting and clumped pattern of melanocytes, which can aid in diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is P40 a marker used for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that P40 is a marker used for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma pattern in cytology with nesting and clumped pattern of melanocytes, which can aid in diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is P40 a marker used for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, P40 is not a marker used for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a marker used for the diagnosis of melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells frequently seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of giant cells in a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. However, it is important to note that the frequency of giant cells in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid can vary among different cases. The presence of giant cells in this particular case may be an unusual finding, but it is not unheard of. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells frequently seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, giant cells are not frequently seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of papillary structures support a NIFTP diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of papillary structures in the histopathology image can be supportive of a NIFTP diagnosis. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering all relevant clinical information and additional diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of papillary structures support a NIFTP diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of papillary structures cannot support a NIFTP diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AlG3kBN-OPE_image_072324a4-6807-463c-bf97-4e36eeee72b9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A well-circumscribed and symmetric neoplasm that is large and extends into the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor consist of small nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor consists of small nodules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A well-circumscribed and symmetric neoplasm that is large and extends into the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor consist of small nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not consist of small nodules." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granules observed in the macrophages indicative of iron accumulation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granules observed in the macrophages are indicative of iron accumulation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granules observed in the macrophages indicative of iron accumulation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the granules observed in the macrophages are not indicative of iron accumulation. They are likely a result of the use of Monsel's solution as a hemostatic agent during the re-excision of basal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SGnhv9ag_sw_image_c49f7e6e-ccc0-4a5e-843a-438a960b0744.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epidermis is completely dead, with no nuclei visible in the pink keratinocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large atypical cells present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of large atypical cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epidermis is completely dead, with no nuclei visible in the pink keratinocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large atypical cells present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show the presence of large atypical cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_3a6bf9c3-02eb-4be1-9a38-c3cfe8006334.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of normal ovarian structures in next case. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of normal ovarian structures in the chest be related to a teratoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of normal ovarian structures in the chest could be related to a teratoma. Teratomas are a type of tumor that can contain various types of tissue, such as hair, teeth, or even ovarian structures. In this case, the presence of normal ovarian structures in the chest suggests that the teratoma may have originated from the ovaries and has been displaced to the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of normal ovarian structures in next case. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of normal ovarian structures in the chest be related to a teratoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of normal ovarian structures in the chest is not related to a teratoma. Teratomas are typically benign tumors that can contain various types of tissues, such as hair, teeth, or bone. However, in this case, the image shows normal ovarian structures, which are not associated with a teratoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Zona ghosts be observed in the chest pathology image provided?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image provided does not show Zona ghosts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Zona ghosts be observed in the chest pathology image provided?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Zona ghosts can be observed in the chest pathology image provided." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LRSDSw7JCMc_image_9959c80a-d6ab-41e1-ae12-fead6dac3b69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) identified by the presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of eosinophils in the image is indicative of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) identified by the presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of eosinophils is not sufficient to identify diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). DAD is a pathological condition characterized by damage to the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The presence of eosinophils, while it can be associated with certain lung conditions, is not specific enough to be used as the sole criterion for diagnosing DAD." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_b54da7c7-7110-40b6-a7d0-0240662a3050.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of liposarcoma ruled out due to the appearance of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a pleomorphic lipoblastoma typically found in myxoid lipomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pleomorphic lipoblastomas are typically found in myxoid lipomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of liposarcoma ruled out due to the appearance of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a pleomorphic lipoblastoma typically found in myxoid lipomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pleomorphic lipoblastomas are not typically found in myxoid lipomas. The presence of pleomorphic lipoblastomas in a myxoid lipoma is an unusual finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_6631c3e4-dc4a-475f-b36b-e38d89ffdba4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the basal cells actively dividing to replace cells in the upper layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the basal cells in the image are actively dividing to replace cells in the upper layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the basal cells actively dividing to replace cells in the upper layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the basal cells are not actively dividing to replace cells in the upper layers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystoid edema observed in the region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cystoid edema be observed in the lungs based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image provided is from a report on the lungs, but it does not specifically mention cystoid edema. However, the context you provided mentions that cystoid edema was observed in the lungs. So, while the image itself may not show cystoid edema, the context suggests that it is present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystoid edema observed in the region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cystoid edema be observed in the lungs based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cystoid edema can be observed in the lungs based on this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma characterized by florid papillary morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma. However, it is important to note that the specific morphology of the tumor cannot be determined solely from the image. The image is stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), which is a common staining technique used to visualize the general structure and organization of cells and tissues. To determine if the tumor has a florid papillary morphology, a more detailed examination of the image and the patient's clinical history would be necessary." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma characterized by florid papillary morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is not characterized by florid papillary morphology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "i7VZAr65r6g_image_434d3bd7-801b-4258-8bd0-50071fb4a586.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a traumatized capillary hemangioma or cherry angioma with fibrin in the blood vessels and extravasated erythrocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is BRAF staining used to diagnose papillary craniopharyngioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, BRAF staining is used to diagnose papillary craniopharyngioma. The image shows a positive BRAF staining, which is consistent with the diagnosis of papillary craniopharyngioma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a traumatized capillary hemangioma or cherry angioma with fibrin in the blood vessels and extravasated erythrocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is BRAF staining used to diagnose papillary craniopharyngioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, BRAF staining is not used to diagnose papillary craniopharyngioma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_e003f1dc-59c6-4d24-ab67-1507888292be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Meisscher's granulomas are granulomas around cleft-like spaces, characterized by the presence of giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells a feature of septal panniculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of giant cells, which is a characteristic feature of septal panniculitis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Meisscher's granulomas are granulomas around cleft-like spaces, characterized by the presence of giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells a feature of septal panniculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, giant cells are not a feature of septal panniculitis. They are a characteristic of Meisscher's granulomas, which are granulomas around cleft-like spaces." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_4f442c22-79b1-4ae9-8703-c805a9d3e401.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is palisaded granulomatous dermatitis characterized by a ring of inflammatory cells surrounding a central area of necrosis or degenerated collagen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows palisaded granulomatous dermatitis, which is characterized by a ring of inflammatory cells surrounding a central area of necrosis or degenerated collagen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is palisaded granulomatous dermatitis characterized by a ring of inflammatory cells surrounding a central area of necrosis or degenerated collagen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, palisaded granulomatous dermatitis is characterized by a ring of inflammatory cells surrounding a central area of necrosis or degenerated collagen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labeled cells responsible for producing hydrochloric acid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The labeled cells in the image are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labeled cells responsible for producing hydrochloric acid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the labeled cells in the image are not responsible for producing hydrochloric acid. They are part of the thyroid gland and are involved in the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the labeled cells aid in protein digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the labeled cells in the image are involved in protein digestion. They are part of the gastric mucosa, which is the lining of the stomach. The gastric mucosa plays a crucial role in the initial stages of digestion, as it contains cells that secrete various enzymes and substances that help break down proteins and other nutrients." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the labeled cells aid in protein digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the labeled cells in the image do not aid in protein digestion. They are involved in the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_SPNsagiJsg_image_6978a638-4529-4826-8660-677c69ae14f6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Haphazard arrangement of tissue with relatively well-formed small glands and no obvious basal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic granules present in the sweat gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of eosinophilic granules in the sweat gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Haphazard arrangement of tissue with relatively well-formed small glands and no obvious basal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic granules present in the sweat gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show the presence of eosinophilic granules in the sweat gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nodular growths in the cutaneous tissue composed of basophilic cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nodular growths in the cutaneous tissue are composed of basophilic cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nodular growths in the cutaneous tissue composed of basophilic cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nodular growths in the cutaneous tissue are composed of clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the basophilic cells in the nodular growth suggest a myeloid origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of basophilic cells in the nodular growth does not necessarily suggest a myeloid origin. Basophilic cells can be found in various types of tissue, and their presence alone is not enough to determine the origin of the nodular growth. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the nature of the nodular growth." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the basophilic cells in the nodular growth suggest a myeloid origin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of basophilic cells with uniform nuclei and abundant cytoplasm in the nodular growth is suggestive of a myeloid origin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the basophilic cells likely to be lymphoid aggregates?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the basophilic cells in the image are likely to be lymphoid aggregates." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the basophilic cells likely to be lymphoid aggregates?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the basophilic cells are not likely to be lymphoid aggregates." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_5cdf773c-c4fe-4635-8864-6fc98a06868e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Assessment of urothelium for CIS (carcinoma in situ). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report suggest any loss of cell polarity in the urothelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any loss of cell polarity in the urothelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Assessment of urothelium for CIS (carcinoma in situ). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report suggest any loss of cell polarity in the urothelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the report suggests that there is a loss of cell polarity in the urothelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the steatotic-looking area suggestive of an adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The steatotic-looking area in the image is suggestive of an adenoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the steatotic-looking area suggestive of an adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the steatotic-looking area in the image is not suggestive of an adenoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_a292f0f6-117a-4b02-9463-4a75d0517dd7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red cells found in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of red cells in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red cells found in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, red cells were not found in the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DBQ8crGiVEE_image_3b20c8de-14a9-4858-98b7-0e1f646fd5f7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may be a lymphangioleiomyomatosis-histiocytic lesion with a differential diagnosis including ECD, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small mucus-filled cysts typically observed in advanced fibrosis in UIP associated with IPF?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows small mucus-filled cysts in advanced fibrosis in UIP associated with IPF. However, it is important to note that the presence of these cysts may not be typical in all cases of advanced fibrosis in UIP associated with IPF. The image serves as an example of a specific case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may be a lymphangioleiomyomatosis-histiocytic lesion with a differential diagnosis including ECD, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small mucus-filled cysts typically observed in advanced fibrosis in UIP associated with IPF?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, small mucus-filled cysts are not typically observed in advanced fibrosis in UIP associated with IPF." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_9c159103-84dd-4674-a3af-2b1d3ebd4750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is neoplasia associated with the architectural disorder in ganglioneuroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a ganglioneuroma with architectural disorder. Neoplasia refers to the abnormal growth of cells, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). In this case, the ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor, and the architectural disorder is a characteristic feature of this type of tumor. The image suggests that the neoplasia is associated with the architectural disorder in ganglioneuroma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is neoplasia associated with the architectural disorder in ganglioneuroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neoplasia is not associated with the architectural disorder in ganglioneuroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "xpc_DCJBvK4_image_16d4829c-8d10-4f63-890c-7a6347d74211.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tissue shown contains small collagen fibers, indicating loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fat cells without visible nuclei considered abnormal in pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology slide of a normal fat tissue, where the fat cells without visible nuclei are considered normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tissue shown contains small collagen fibers, indicating loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fat cells without visible nuclei considered abnormal in pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fat cells without visible nuclei are not considered abnormal in pathology. This is a normal finding in adipose tissue, which is composed of fat cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y8Lm-zFkgx8_image_8e3d1206-34f4-420f-9bed-b6e2d3424c3e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a classic granuloma with multinucleated giant cells and necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells absent in normal lymph nodes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, plasma cells are not absent in normal lymph nodes. They are a normal component of the immune system and can be found in various tissues, including lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a classic granuloma with multinucleated giant cells and necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells absent in normal lymph nodes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, plasma cells are absent in normal lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_fff20269-fb5d-47cc-b066-dab0dfa4f461.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Review of biopsies and identification of free floating tissue fragments that can be difficult to distinguish from normal enteric epithelium, especially in well-differentiated pancreatic tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of tumor in the majority of the fragments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of tumor in the majority of the fragments is not explicitly mentioned in the provided information. However, it is mentioned that the tumor was present in some fragments. To determine if the majority of the fragments contain tumor, more information would be needed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Review of biopsies and identification of free floating tissue fragments that can be difficult to distinguish from normal enteric epithelium, especially in well-differentiated pancreatic tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of tumor in the majority of the fragments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of tumor in the majority of the fragments is observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pancreas surface area described as fibrotic and scarred?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pancreas surface area appears to be fibrotic and scarred." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pancreas surface area described as fibrotic and scarred?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pancreas surface area is not described as fibrotic and scarred in the provided information." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b3d41408-e22c-40bb-bb18-121cf17a8230.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pink and blue appearance at low power characteristic of Rosai-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pink and blue appearance at low power is characteristic of Rosai-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pink and blue appearance at low power characteristic of Rosai-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pink and blue appearance at low power is not characteristic of Rosai-Dorfman disease. It is more characteristic of B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No abnormalities in the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the location of pigment in the nail bed be indicative of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the location of pigment in the nail bed can be indicative of melanoma. In the image, the pigment is located in the nail bed, which is a characteristic feature of melanoma. However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No abnormalities in the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the location of pigment in the nail bed be indicative of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the location of pigment in the nail bed cannot be indicative of melanoma. The presence of pigment in the nail bed is a normal finding and is not associated with melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic globules present within cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows eosinophilic globules present within cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophilic globules present within cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eosinophilic globules are present in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane, but they are not within cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can eosinophilic globules be identified in the extracellular space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophilic globules can be identified in the extracellular space in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can eosinophilic globules be identified in the extracellular space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophilic globules cannot be identified in the extracellular space in this particular image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic globules indicate the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of eosinophilic globules in the image does not necessarily indicate the presence of lymphocytes. While eosinophilic globules can be associated with lymphocytes, they can also be found in other conditions or tissues. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic globules indicate the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of eosinophilic globules in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane can be indicative of the presence of lymphocytes. This finding may suggest an immune-mediated or inflammatory process affecting the kidney." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a solid growth of 3% considered grade 1 in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the solid growth of 3% is considered grade 1 in this pathology report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a solid growth of 3% considered grade 1 in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a solid growth of 3% is not considered grade 1 in this pathology report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a solid growth of 55% considered grade 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the solid growth of 55% is considered grade 3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a solid growth of 55% considered grade 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a solid growth of 55% is considered grade 2." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are rosette-like structures present in the image of the chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of rosette-like structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are rosette-like structures present in the image of the chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, rosette-like structures are not present in the image of the chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are congealed red blood cells present in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of congealed red blood cells in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are congealed red blood cells present in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, congealed red blood cells are not present in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue sample contain smooth muscle cross sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample contains smooth muscle cross sections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue sample contain smooth muscle cross sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue sample does not contain smooth muscle cross sections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ECL cell hyperplasia occur without any compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that ECL cell hyperplasia does not occur without any compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ECL cell hyperplasia occur without any compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ECL cell hyperplasia can occur without any compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells typically seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, and it is mentioned that giant cells are typically seen in this type of tumor. However, it is important to note that the presence of giant cells is not always a definitive diagnostic feature, and further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are giant cells typically seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, giant cells are not typically seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_20485e42-53e9-4679-a59d-ca3fb35947db.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation and hyperchromasia can indicate dysplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses typically found in the gallbladder wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are typically found in the gallbladder wall." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation and hyperchromasia can indicate dysplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses typically found in the gallbladder wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are typically found in the stomach wall." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_2b35953c-52d2-4447-a874-4c2f6e1e3bec.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8 are good markers for renal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion resemble a classic lipoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a lesion that resembles a classic lipoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8 are good markers for renal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion resemble a classic lipoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion does not resemble a classic lipoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_2b35953c-52d2-4447-a874-4c2f6e1e3bec.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8 are good markers for renal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there significant signs of malignancy in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are no significant signs of malignancy in the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8 are good markers for renal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there significant signs of malignancy in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion shows significant signs of malignancy, as indicated by the presence of Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8. These markers are often associated with renal cell carcinoma, which is a type of kidney cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is peribulbar inflammation a characteristic feature of alopecia areata?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, peribulbar inflammation is a characteristic feature of alopecia areata, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is peribulbar inflammation a characteristic feature of alopecia areata?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, peribulbar inflammation is not a characteristic feature of alopecia areata. It is more commonly associated with other conditions, such as thyroid eye disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alopecia areata typically involve inflammation around the hair follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows inflammation around the hair follicles in a patient with alopecia areata." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alopecia areata typically involve inflammation around the hair follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, alopecia areata is not typically associated with inflammation around the hair follicles. It is an autoimmune condition that causes hair loss, but it does not involve inflammation in the same way as other conditions like psoriasis or eczema." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Qp7_vF-eUKE_image_a24c6f5a-7a90-47d8-aacd-75efabbcdad5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Taste pores can be observed at higher magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are taste buds found on the basal surface of circumvallate papillae?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that taste buds are not found on the basal surface of circumvallate papillae." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Taste pores can be observed at higher magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are taste buds found on the basal surface of circumvallate papillae?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, taste buds are found on the basal surface of circumvallate papillae." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sebocytes identified in this pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sebocytes are identified in this pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sebocytes identified in this pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebocytes are not identified in this pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_22fbd431-c975-4d9a-bc20-48ffbab71ec6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial acral fibromyxoma or digital fibromyxoma may have some overlap with acquired digital fibrokeratoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neoplastic cells identifiable through immunohistochemical staining techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neoplastic cells can be identified through immunohistochemical staining techniques. These techniques involve the use of antibodies that bind to specific proteins or antigens on the surface of cells, allowing for the visualization and identification of neoplastic cells in a tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial acral fibromyxoma or digital fibromyxoma may have some overlap with acquired digital fibrokeratoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neoplastic cells identifiable through immunohistochemical staining techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neoplastic cells are not identifiable through immunohistochemical staining techniques in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yVoYAm78wGw_image_eee0aa2d-b256-46ab-a23e-18abd1d82bb4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Striae may be present but are not necessary for diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can striae be present in the diagnosis of this condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, striae can be present in the diagnosis of this condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Striae may be present but are not necessary for diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can striae be present in the diagnosis of this condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, striae can be present in the diagnosis of this condition, but they are not necessary for diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7A9au9ZQa9E_image_6fb92e57-fd93-42e9-9c37-69e82e7372d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fibroadenomas characterized by a clear and sharp border?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibroadenomas are typically characterized by a clear and sharp border." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fibroadenomas characterized by a clear and sharp border?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibroadenomas are not characterized by a clear and sharp border." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_V3g5ujzdlw_image_55b34886-31e0-474f-a0f9-3b12a7dcec73.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphoid aggregates are uncommon and not a significant indicator of chronic endometritis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Grade 3 TCC considered a low-grade tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Grade 3 TCC is considered a high-grade tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphoid aggregates are uncommon and not a significant indicator of chronic endometritis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Grade 3 TCC considered a low-grade tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Grade 3 TCC is considered a low-grade tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystoid edema observed in the region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the absence of ganglion cells suggest Hirschsprung's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The absence of ganglion cells in the histopathology image could be suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystoid edema observed in the region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the absence of ganglion cells suggest Hirschsprung's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of ganglion cells in the image cannot be used as a definitive diagnosis for Hirschsprung's disease. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition in which nerve cells are missing from a segment of the bowel, leading to a blockage. The absence of ganglion cells in the image could be due to other factors or conditions. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the observed findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "80C1KqJw43k_image_4fb7d995-5181-4abb-bade-794072d35ddf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discoid lupus can present as a single lesion and may be misdiagnosed as a neoplasm or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is epithelial atypia observed in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a pathology report with a magnification of 10x. However, without more information or the ability to view the actual image, I cannot confirm the presence or absence of epithelial atypia. It is important to consult a healthcare professional or pathologist for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discoid lupus can present as a single lesion and may be misdiagnosed as a neoplasm or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is epithelial atypia observed in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelial atypia is not observed in this pathology report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_ffda2047-e034-4def-8322-73952bcf7c62.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the capillary described as flattened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endothelial cells in the capillary are described as flattened." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the capillary described as flattened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endothelial cells in the capillary are described as cuboidal." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_ffda2047-e034-4def-8322-73952bcf7c62.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the capillary described as empty of erythrocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The capillary is described as empty of erythrocytes, which means that there are no red blood cells present within the capillary in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the capillary described as empty of erythrocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the capillary is described as empty of erythrocytes in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_ffda2047-e034-4def-8322-73952bcf7c62.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes present within the capillary?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of erythrocytes within the capillary." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes present within the capillary?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, erythrocytes are not present within the capillary in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) be characterized by alveolar macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows alveolar macrophages, which are a characteristic feature of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) be characterized by alveolar macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) cannot be characterized by alveolar macrophages. The presence of alveolar macrophages is not a specific feature of DIP." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_aa45629b-7958-4fde-8d1a-5bb10bf53c76.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear features include clearing and grooves. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show signs of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows no signs of squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear features include clearing and grooves. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show signs of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows signs of squamous cell carcinoma, as indicated by the presence of nuclear features such as clearing and grooves." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_d40b10af-a120-40ac-830f-57cd7b9c47b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa lutein cells the predominant cell type in the corpus luteum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulosa lutein cells are the predominant cell type in the corpus luteum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa lutein cells the predominant cell type in the corpus luteum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the granulosa lutein cells are not the predominant cell type in the corpus luteum. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_d40b10af-a120-40ac-830f-57cd7b9c47b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do granulosa lutein cells form the majority of the theca interna?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the granulosa lutein cells do not form the majority of the theca interna in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do granulosa lutein cells form the majority of the theca interna?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granulosa lutein cells form the majority of the theca interna in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_d6737d3b-5b51-4145-b7b3-444286ed5a73.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not all papillary architecture in the vulva is a condyloma caused by human papillomavirus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can perinuclear vacuolization be considered a significant finding in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In this particular case, perinuclear vacuolization is not considered a significant finding. It is mentioned that the perinuclear vacuolization is not specific for the condition being discussed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Not all papillary architecture in the vulva is a condyloma caused by human papillomavirus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can perinuclear vacuolization be considered a significant finding in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, perinuclear vacuolization can be considered a significant finding in this case. It is a histopathological feature that can be observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the red pulp of the spleen contain venous sinuses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the red pulp of the spleen contains venous sinuses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the red pulp of the spleen contain venous sinuses?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the red pulp of the spleen in this image does not contain venous sinuses." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_32eacb1e-2764-44b5-b271-1c22a462f87b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clark level one is within the epidermis, level two is within the papillary dermis, level three is the papillary reticular dermal junction, level four is the reticular dermis and level five is in the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any abnormal components detected in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no abnormal components detected in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clark level one is within the epidermis, level two is within the papillary dermis, level three is the papillary reticular dermal junction, level four is the reticular dermis and level five is in the subcutis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any abnormal components detected in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are abnormal components detected in the tissue sample. The image shows a pathological image of a tissue sample with abnormal components, and the reference report provides additional information about the tissue structure and the presence of abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6_t9jPZ9JoQ_image_ec5d0687-414a-4eae-b2a6-91c9bdfca9d3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of atypical cells suggest angiosarcoma in a pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of atypical cells in a pathology report can suggest angiosarcoma, which is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates from the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis would require further examination and analysis by a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of atypical cells suggest angiosarcoma in a pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of atypical cells in a pathology report does not necessarily suggest angiosarcoma. Atypical cells can be found in various conditions, and their presence alone is not sufficient to diagnose angiosarcoma. Further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to determine the presence of angiosarcoma or any other condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen arranged in a stave-like pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen are arranged in a stave-like pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen arranged in a stave-like pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen are not arranged in a stave-like pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the arrangement of endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen characteristic of normal splenic architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the arrangement of endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen. However, without more information or context, it is difficult to determine if the arrangement is characteristic of normal splenic architecture. It would be best to consult a healthcare professional or a pathologist to make a more accurate assessment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the arrangement of endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen characteristic of normal splenic architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the arrangement of endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen in this image is not characteristic of normal splenic architecture." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen exhibit a random, disorganized pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen do not exhibit a random, disorganized pattern. Instead, they appear to be arranged in a parallel manner." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen exhibit a random, disorganized pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endothelial cells in the red pulp of the spleen exhibit a random, disorganized pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "H3hLb1xj0Ew_image_e1071cc5-a420-4bc5-b92b-62496be248da.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hair follicle tumors may have mitotic figures due to the rapid proliferation of hair cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basal cells undergoing mitosis usually exhibit abnormal mitotic figures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that basal cells undergoing mitosis typically do not exhibit abnormal mitotic figures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hair follicle tumors may have mitotic figures due to the rapid proliferation of hair cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basal cells undergoing mitosis usually exhibit abnormal mitotic figures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, basal cells undergoing mitosis may exhibit abnormal mitotic figures. This is because the rapid proliferation of hair cells in hair follicle tumors can lead to abnormal cell division." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hnMZ-XWjOqo_image_3a7b7085-ec2f-45b5-bbbc-736a4bf7f34f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of papillary edema in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of papillary edema in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of papillary edema in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of papillary edema in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the described architecture resemble a sweat gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The described architecture does not resemble a sweat gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the described architecture resemble a sweat gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the described architecture in the image resembles a sweat gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Z2_nXBl3sUQ_image_8d2eb548-26e4-4e78-bbbf-aa35fc68efa1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bile from the portal lobule is drained by the interlobular bile duct in the portal triads. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Kupfer cells typical macrophages found in the sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows Kupfer cells, which are typical macrophages found in the sinusoids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bile from the portal lobule is drained by the interlobular bile duct in the portal triads. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Kupfer cells typical macrophages found in the sinusoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Kupfer cells are not typical macrophages found in the sinusoids. They are a specific type of macrophage that can be found in the liver sinusoids." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Z2_nXBl3sUQ_image_8d2eb548-26e4-4e78-bbbf-aa35fc68efa1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bile from the portal lobule is drained by the interlobular bile duct in the portal triads. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Kupfer cells and Ito cells located in the perisinusoidal space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Kupfer cells and Ito cells are located in the perisinusoidal space." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bile from the portal lobule is drained by the interlobular bile duct in the portal triads. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Kupfer cells and Ito cells located in the perisinusoidal space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Kupfer cells and Ito cells are not located in the perisinusoidal space. They are found in the sinusoidal space." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6qDbOBaxwt0_image_679733bb-65a8-496b-83cd-4ce0e439ec3d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid and epithelial cells are bulging into the lumen of a well-formed blood vessel. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple hairs found within the cyst?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows multiple hairs found within the cyst." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid and epithelial cells are bulging into the lumen of a well-formed blood vessel. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple hairs found within the cyst?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows multiple hairs found within the cyst." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "priLAZ3e4ac_image_10033e7d-4d89-4a0d-a881-64dd99186829.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Focal stromal overgrowth is present in the epithelial-poor area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is temporal heterogeneity a characteristic feature of the UIP pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, temporal heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of the UIP pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Focal stromal overgrowth is present in the epithelial-poor area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is temporal heterogeneity a characteristic feature of the UIP pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, temporal heterogeneity is not a characteristic feature of the UIP pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_f5880f6e-135c-4b25-af73-b4ad9a366127.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal triads typically found at the corners of the classic liver lobule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, in the image, portal triads are typically found at the corners of the classic liver lobule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal triads typically found at the corners of the classic liver lobule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, portal triads are typically found at the periphery of the classic liver lobule." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_f5880f6e-135c-4b25-af73-b4ad9a366127.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal triads involved in the blood supply to the liver lobule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the portal triads are involved in the blood supply to the liver lobule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are portal triads involved in the blood supply to the liver lobule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, portal triads are not involved in the blood supply to the liver lobule." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KknwmereLfw_image_00e967f1-81bc-4217-b71c-129ae150d30c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the non-cystic lesions characterized by the presence of large histiocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the non-cystic lesions in the image are characterized by the presence of large histiocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the non-cystic lesions characterized by the presence of large histiocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the non-cystic lesions are characterized by the presence of small histiocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_095293af-c5f4-4c77-a3e2-cdc37de1f907.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can glioblastoma be classified without further molecular testing if necrosis is present?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glioblastoma can be classified as high-grade based on the presence of necrosis in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can glioblastoma be classified without further molecular testing if necrosis is present?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, glioblastoma cannot be classified without further molecular testing if necrosis is present. The presence of necrosis in the tumor tissue can be an important factor in determining the diagnosis and classification of glioblastoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_d4efae0e-c831-4393-bc4f-bbd436e8bee9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do plasma cells have a clock face nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows plasma cells with a clock face nucleus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do plasma cells have a clock face nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, plasma cells do not have a clock face nucleus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_d4efae0e-c831-4393-bc4f-bbd436e8bee9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do plasma cells have a distinct pink halo around the nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the plasma cells in the image have a distinct pink halo around the nucleus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do plasma cells have a distinct pink halo around the nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, plasma cells do not have a distinct pink halo around the nucleus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CHU-464bph8_image_609263b9-f985-4311-8c3c-d63193dc880c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is delineated from the non-neoplastic brain tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor cells found within the blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows tumor cells within the blood vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is delineated from the non-neoplastic brain tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor cells found within the blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor cells are not found within the blood vessels in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pathology report indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology report suggests that the lesion is benign. However, it is important to remember that I am an AI language model and not a medical professional. For a definitive diagnosis, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pathology report indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report suggests that the condition is benign, which means it is not cancerous and generally does not spread to other parts of the body." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_4f442c22-79b1-4ae9-8703-c805a9d3e401.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amyloid deposition irrelevant in the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, amyloid deposition is not irrelevant in the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis. It is an important consideration, as it can help differentiate between various types of dermatitis and other skin conditions. The presence or absence of amyloid deposition in the dermis can provide valuable information for healthcare professionals when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amyloid deposition irrelevant in the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, amyloid deposition is irrelevant in the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the villus type architecture commonly associated with chronic pulmonary diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The villus type architecture is not commonly associated with chronic pulmonary diseases. It is more commonly seen in the context of chronic pancreatitis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the villus type architecture commonly associated with chronic pulmonary diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the villus type architecture is commonly associated with chronic pulmonary diseases." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of bivaculated cells a characteristic feature of myxoid liposarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of bivacuated cells is a characteristic feature of myxoid liposarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of bivaculated cells a characteristic feature of myxoid liposarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of bivacuated cells is not a characteristic feature of myxoid liposarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the capsule and trabeculae part of the lymph node structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the capsule and trabeculae are part of the lymph node structure. The capsule is the outer covering of the lymph node, while the trabeculae are the internal structures that help support and organize the lymph node tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the capsule and trabeculae part of the lymph node structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the capsule and trabeculae are not part of the lymph node structure. The capsule is the outer covering of the lymph node, while the trabeculae are the thin, fibrous septa that divide the lymph node into compartments. In this case, the capsule and trabeculae are not present in the area of interest." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "uAyORtxPlEo_image_4df97701-41c8-4761-9234-10f52c79cb2a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 expression is often found in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is desmin expression commonly seen in myofibroblastoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, desmin expression is commonly seen in myofibroblastoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 expression is often found in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is desmin expression commonly seen in myofibroblastoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, desmin expression is not commonly seen in myofibroblastoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "uAyORtxPlEo_image_4df97701-41c8-4761-9234-10f52c79cb2a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 expression is often found in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pleomorphic lipoma tumors likely to show desmin expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a pleomorphic lipoma tumor that is negative for desmin expression." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 expression is often found in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pleomorphic lipoma tumors likely to show desmin expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pleomorphic lipoma tumors are not likely to show desmin expression." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_30f8f965-d268-46c3-8db7-7f60860ad1e7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) considered a benign growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is not considered a benign growth. It is a rare type of skin cancer that arises from the connective tissue cells in the skin. Although it may appear as a slow-growing, painless nodule or plaque, it can be locally aggressive and has the potential to recur after treatment. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) considered a benign growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is generally considered a benign growth. However, it is important to note that while it is considered benign, it can still be locally aggressive and may require surgical intervention to remove the tumor and prevent recurrence." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BtKAqg40uls_image_b153ddea-2f8e-4745-ab68-d5f503b3b140.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PEComas are characterized by epithelioid cells that wrap around vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pleomorphic lipoma caused by a deletion of RB1 on chromosome 13Q?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a pleomorphic lipoma, which is a benign fatty tumor. However, it does not provide information about the cause of the pleomorphic lipoma. The deletion of RB1 on chromosome 13Q is associated with a different condition, called RB1-associated pleomorphic adenoma (RAPA). RAPA is a rare genetic disorder that can cause various types of tumors, including pleomorphic lipomas. It is important to note that the presence of a deletion of RB1 on chromosome 13Q in a pleomorphic lipoma is not necessarily the cause of the tumor, as pleomorphic lipomas can also occur without this genetic alteration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PEComas are characterized by epithelioid cells that wrap around vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pleomorphic lipoma caused by a deletion of RB1 on chromosome 13Q?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pleomorphic lipoma is not caused by a deletion of RB1 on chromosome 13Q." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is melanoma in situ confined to the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, melanoma in situ is confined to the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is melanoma in situ confined to the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, melanoma in situ is not confined to the epidermis. It extends into the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mA9tPgm8-f8_image_0caf582a-cf67-4611-8d57-6d4345749edd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The speaker notes that infarct-like necrosis in the lung may indicate the need to examine pulmonary arteries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should dense lymphoid tissue in the lung prompt further investigation for potential malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung, as seen in the image, may warrant further investigation to rule out potential malignancy. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The speaker notes that infarct-like necrosis in the lung may indicate the need to examine pulmonary arteries. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should dense lymphoid tissue in the lung prompt further investigation for potential malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung does not necessarily indicate malignancy. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TgsVDIwfv3o_image_20e07f48-b5b3-4246-98c6-66f23ed652ad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the cells exhibit a follicular pattern in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the chest pathology image exhibit a follicular pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the cells exhibit a follicular pattern in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the chest pathology image do not exhibit a follicular pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_9547c15c-2b4b-459c-8327-99d972745788.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiosis a characteristic feature of eczema?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, spongiosis is a characteristic feature of eczema, as seen in the histopathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiosis a characteristic feature of eczema?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiosis is not a characteristic feature of eczema. It is a histopathological feature that can be seen in various skin conditions, including poroma, which is a type of skin tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_9547c15c-2b4b-459c-8327-99d972745788.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does eczema typically exhibit acanthosis in the histopathological description?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histopathological description of eczema typically exhibits acanthosis, which is an increase in the thickness of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does eczema typically exhibit acanthosis in the histopathological description?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eczema does not typically exhibit acanthosis in the histopathological description." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the differential diagnosis still consider the possibility of melanoma despite the current assessment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the differential diagnosis should still consider the possibility of melanoma despite the current assessment. It is important to be thorough and consider all possible diagnoses, especially when dealing with skin lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the differential diagnosis still consider the possibility of melanoma despite the current assessment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important to consider the possibility of melanoma even if the current assessment does not show any obvious nevus or underlying compound in the dermis. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can be challenging to diagnose, and it is crucial to be thorough and consider all potential possibilities when evaluating a skin lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Iw_dUC1TMfk_image_42ad98a6-be23-42ea-9f8e-2554f825dc8f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Careful examination is necessary to rule out melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical nevi in sun-damaged skin on the head and neck of older individuals indicative of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows atypical nevi in sun-damaged skin on the head and neck of older individuals. While atypical nevi can be a sign of melanoma, they are not always indicative of melanoma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Careful examination is necessary to rule out melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are atypical nevi in sun-damaged skin on the head and neck of older individuals indicative of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical nevi in sun-damaged skin on the head and neck of older individuals are not indicative of melanoma. They are benign skin lesions that can be associated with sun damage and aging. However, it is important to monitor these lesions and consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_98d7547d-4402-4af6-8565-4afcc37e88de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of pseudovillus is alarming and requires further investigation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can duodenal coccidioidomycosis be diagnosed by identifying intraepithelial lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology slide of duodenal coccidioidomycosis, which is a fungal infection of the duodenum. Intraepithelial lymphocytes are a type of immune cell found within the epithelial layer of the duodenum. While the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes can be an indication of an immune response to the infection, it is not the only diagnostic criterion for duodenal coccidioidomycosis. Other factors, such as the presence of fungal elements and clinical symptoms, are also important for a proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of pseudovillus is alarming and requires further investigation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can duodenal coccidioidomycosis be diagnosed by identifying intraepithelial lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, duodenal coccidioidomycosis cannot be diagnosed by identifying intraepithelial lymphocytes. The presence of pseudovillus is an important finding that requires further investigation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enterocytes the most numerous cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, enterocytes are the most numerous cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enterocytes the most numerous cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, enterocytes are not the most numerous cells in the chest pathology image. The most numerous cells in the image are lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_8d1b3284-0ef7-4c39-b9cb-7b39169bcebe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DCIS may be mixed with invasive carcinoma and should be mentioned on resections. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do radial scars typically exhibit central necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a radial scar with central necrosis. However, it is important to note that not all radial scars exhibit central necrosis. The presence of central necrosis in a radial scar can vary depending on the specific case and the individual patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DCIS may be mixed with invasive carcinoma and should be mentioned on resections. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do radial scars typically exhibit central necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, radial scars do not typically exhibit central necrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_0fdb6802-764b-497a-b512-75847b2df4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells present in the tubule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of epithelial cells in the tubule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells present in the tubule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tubule in the image is devoid of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_0fdb6802-764b-497a-b512-75847b2df4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the epithelial cells form part of the tubule structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelial cells form part of the tubule structure in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the epithelial cells form part of the tubule structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epithelial cells do not form part of the tubule structure." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_2fdca5cd-6d5f-4c21-9a46-c7e6d6286794.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lymphocytes be found in the holes or vacuoles in mycosis fungoides?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes can be found in the holes or vacuoles in mycosis fungoides." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lymphocytes be found in the holes or vacuoles in mycosis fungoides?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes cannot be found in the holes or vacuoles in mycosis fungoides." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lichen planopilaris (LPP) associated with lichenoid dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a lichenoid dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction, which is associated with lichen planopilaris (LPP)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lichen planopilaris (LPP) associated with lichenoid dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lichen planopilaris (LPP) is not typically associated with lichenoid dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_7edfef5a-b228-4312-b70f-ed57c9ac6060.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial chondromatosis is a metaplastic process where multiple islands of cartilage form in the soft tissue adjacent to a synovial line space. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the clustering of chondrocytes in synovial chondromatosis typically found in the synovium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clustering of chondrocytes in synovial chondromatosis is typically found in the synovium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial chondromatosis is a metaplastic process where multiple islands of cartilage form in the soft tissue adjacent to a synovial line space. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the clustering of chondrocytes in synovial chondromatosis typically found in the synovium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the clustering of chondrocytes in synovial chondromatosis is typically found in the soft tissue adjacent to a synovial line space, rather than within the synovium itself." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tLRt68kUhHo_image_9154eb6c-da27-4238-80cf-42e5921c0b8f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells demonstrate pseudoinclusions, small nucleoli, or grooves in the nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cytoplasm exclusively basophilic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cytoplasm of the cells in the image is not exclusively basophilic. It appears to be eosinophilic and myeloid-like." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells demonstrate pseudoinclusions, small nucleoli, or grooves in the nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cytoplasm exclusively basophilic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytoplasm in the image is exclusively basophilic." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YkO40KHFYTg_image_3db7d84a-b0ea-4c37-91f3-d9894ea98c15.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The growth pattern of these tumors is usually infiltrative, but they may also be well-circumscribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to see widespread infiltrative growth in these types of nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that widespread infiltrative growth is not a common feature in these types of nodules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The growth pattern of these tumors is usually infiltrative, but they may also be well-circumscribed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to see widespread infiltrative growth in these types of nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is common to see widespread infiltrative growth in these types of nodules." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RZCejVnirAo_image_f8ecf050-14b6-4014-92bb-501d3272333e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the spleen as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the human body, located in the abdominal cavity under the left part of the diaphragm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do myofibroblasts contribute to the structure of the spleen's capsule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that myofibroblasts contribute to the structure of the spleen's capsule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the spleen as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the human body, located in the abdominal cavity under the left part of the diaphragm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do myofibroblasts contribute to the structure of the spleen's capsule?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myofibroblasts do not contribute to the structure of the spleen's capsule." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid and epithelial cells are bulging into the lumen of a well-formed blood vessel. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show a lymphocytic infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a lymphocytic infiltrate, which is a collection of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, within the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid and epithelial cells are bulging into the lumen of a well-formed blood vessel. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show a lymphocytic infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show a lymphocytic infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the small cells described in the chest pathology report characterized by abundant cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the small cells in the chest pathology report are characterized by abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the small cells described in the chest pathology report characterized by abundant cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the small cells in the chest pathology report are not characterized by abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tmIl2DljO14_image_97d1ff39-65db-4d88-a51a-7e64789da99f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of melanoma in the reticular dermis with an infiltrate that is likely to be melanoma as well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils observed in dermatitis herpetiformis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neutrophils are observed in the image of dermatitis herpetiformis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of melanoma in the reticular dermis with an infiltrate that is likely to be melanoma as well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils observed in dermatitis herpetiformis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not observed in dermatitis herpetiformis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hailey Hailey disease typically present with intraepidermal blistering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of Hailey Hailey disease, which typically presents with intraepidermal blistering." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hailey Hailey disease typically present with intraepidermal blistering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hailey Hailey disease typically does not present with intraepidermal blistering." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does psoriasiform acanthosis exhibit epidermal hyperplasia similar to psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that psoriasiform acanthosis exhibits epidermal hyperplasia similar to psoriasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does psoriasiform acanthosis exhibit epidermal hyperplasia similar to psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psoriasiform acanthosis does not exhibit epidermal hyperplasia similar to psoriasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is no evidence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_312a1de8-0c2c-42ce-b8d0-b0289b888f90.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a large fungus ball with numerous hyphae and branching, septated appearance, and tiny spores/yeast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the melanocytes in the tumor described as large?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the melanocytes in the tumor are described as large." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a large fungus ball with numerous hyphae and branching, septated appearance, and tiny spores/yeast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the melanocytes in the tumor described as large?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the melanocytes in the tumor are described as small." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the expanded zone be a result of reactive fibrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the expanded zone in the image could be a result of reactive fibrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the expanded zone be a result of reactive fibrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the expanded zone in the image is not a result of reactive fibrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid type has uniform proliferation of atypical cells without cribriform architecture \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microcalcifications often associated with DCIS of papillary type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, microcalcifications are often associated with DCIS of papillary type." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid type has uniform proliferation of atypical cells without cribriform architecture \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microcalcifications often associated with DCIS of papillary type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microcalcifications are not often associated with DCIS of papillary type." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the infiltrate include lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the infiltrate in the image includes lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the infiltrate include lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrate in the image does not include lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d3e3b103-d7a3-4cbc-8251-f074183a45bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are concentric calcifications typically associated with granulomatous diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, concentric calcifications are typically associated with granulomatous diseases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are concentric calcifications typically associated with granulomatous diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, concentric calcifications are not typically associated with granulomatous diseases." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "708OpQqoxm4_image_f722cb87-d9af-49be-993d-bceeca683c76.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In smokers, the ratio of goblet cells to columnar ciliated cells is inverted, leading to mucus accumulation and inflammation of the airways. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the production of mucus in the respiratory epithelium involve a poorly developed Golgi apparatus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the production of mucus in the respiratory epithelium does not involve a poorly developed Golgi apparatus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In smokers, the ratio of goblet cells to columnar ciliated cells is inverted, leading to mucus accumulation and inflammation of the airways. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the production of mucus in the respiratory epithelium involve a poorly developed Golgi apparatus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the production of mucus in the respiratory epithelium involves a poorly developed Golgi apparatus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ty52S8NMOeU_image_3b0d0ecb-da9d-4dab-8b97-9d8c13b2737b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microglial cells part of the adjacent neuropil composition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the microglial cells are part of the adjacent neuropil composition in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microglial cells part of the adjacent neuropil composition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microglial cells are not part of the adjacent neuropil composition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is proliferation observed in the later stages of the disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows proliferation in the later stages of the disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is proliferation observed in the later stages of the disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, proliferation is not observed in the later stages of the disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_15b03b02-e6c6-4afd-8a00-88bf779ac68d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAX5 expression in atypical large cell population fits characteristic description of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypical large cell population in the chest pathology image expressing CD20?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypical large cell population in the chest pathology image is expressing CD20." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAX5 expression in atypical large cell population fits characteristic description of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypical large cell population in the chest pathology image expressing CD20?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypical large cell population in the chest pathology image does not express CD20." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_68f55465-2087-4800-a9ed-2f21e2ef8860.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid follicles commonly seen in smokers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows lymphoid follicles in a smoker. However, it is important to note that the presence of lymphoid follicles in smokers is not necessarily common. The image is just one example, and the prevalence of lymphoid follicles in smokers may vary. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid follicles commonly seen in smokers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lymphoid follicles are not commonly seen in smokers. They are more commonly associated with infections or other inflammatory conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_6477aebb-3eea-4ea7-9710-61051f1d0be5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the diagnosis of a smooth muscle sarcoma be made without considering metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the diagnosis of a smooth muscle sarcoma cannot be made without considering metastasis. The presence of metastasis is an important factor in determining the stage and prognosis of the disease, as well as guiding treatment decisions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the diagnosis of a smooth muscle sarcoma be made without considering metastasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the diagnosis of a smooth muscle sarcoma can be made without considering metastasis. However, it is important to note that the presence of metastasis can provide additional information about the tumor's behavior and aggressiveness, which may help guide treatment decisions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "g8NveoHNUck_image_ec6958e9-53a6-4f10-866c-4bd47886fa0c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK20 stain can help differentiate trichoepithelioma from morphoeic basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can normal trichoepithelioma stain positively for BRCA1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a normal trichoepithelioma that stained positively for BRCA1." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK20 stain can help differentiate trichoepithelioma from morphoeic basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can normal trichoepithelioma stain positively for BRCA1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, normal trichoepithelium does not stain positively for BRCA1." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "uNepYtLknmk_image_f822e80a-44b5-4fc9-b5a2-1cc607af5833.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can ERG be used to differentiate between vascular and non-vascular tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ERG (Elasticity Recovery Grading) can be used to differentiate between vascular and non-vascular tissues. In the image, the ERG values are used to distinguish between the two types of tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can ERG be used to differentiate between vascular and non-vascular tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ERG cannot be used to differentiate between vascular and non-vascular tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_49f101e5-172e-421b-aad2-2e763a451ff3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The nuclei are fairly uniform with a few being hyperchromatic, but there are no variable sizes or shapes and no mitotic layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the typical pigment found in DFSP melanin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a DFSP, which stands for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The typical pigment found in DFSP melanin is not present in this particular image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The nuclei are fairly uniform with a few being hyperchromatic, but there are no variable sizes or shapes and no mitotic layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the typical pigment found in DFSP melanin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the typical pigment found in DFSP melanin is not present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BtKAqg40uls_image_75fc83e2-2e48-4a1c-b866-cfc4ca6950f7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molecular relationship/diagnosis involves translocation of 1 and 3, specifically WWTR1 and CAMTA1. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do epithelioid cells in chains exclude the possibility of malignant mesothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of epithelioid cells in chains does not necessarily exclude the possibility of malignant mesothelioma. While it is true that epithelioid cells in chains can be seen in some benign conditions, they can also be found in malignant mesothelioma. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact nature of the cells and the underlying condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molecular relationship/diagnosis involves translocation of 1 and 3, specifically WWTR1 and CAMTA1. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do epithelioid cells in chains exclude the possibility of malignant mesothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of epithelioid cells in chains can exclude the possibility of malignant mesothelioma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_563eecc4-ad37-442b-91b8-a78f4218d3cf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of multiple cornoid lamellae is indicative of porokeratosis, possibly the ticotrophic type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acanthosis with multiple cornoid lamellae commonly found in the buttock region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the buttock region, and it is noteworthy that acanthosis with multiple cornoid lamellae is commonly found in this area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of multiple cornoid lamellae is indicative of porokeratosis, possibly the ticotrophic type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acanthosis with multiple cornoid lamellae commonly found in the buttock region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, acanthosis with multiple cornoid lamellae is not commonly found in the buttock region. This finding is more characteristic of porokeratosis, which is a group of skin disorders that affect the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bgr6gYjA1f8_image_e746098c-1376-45f0-a84c-775a6439e640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Use of S100 protein and cytokeratin stains to exclude other potential spindle cell neoplasms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pars intermediate produce hormones independently of the anterior pituitary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the pars intermediate does not produce hormones independently of the anterior pituitary gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Use of S100 protein and cytokeratin stains to exclude other potential spindle cell neoplasms. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pars intermediate produce hormones independently of the anterior pituitary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pars intermediate is capable of producing hormones independently of the anterior pituitary gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland composed mainly of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue in its stroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a prostate gland with a predominantly smooth muscle and dense connective tissue stroma. This means that the stroma, which is the supportive tissue surrounding the gland, is mainly composed of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland composed mainly of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue in its stroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prostate gland in the image is composed mainly of glandular tissue, with only a small amount of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue in its stroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the acidophilic nature of the prostate gland indicate an abundance of smooth muscle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the acidophilic nature of the prostate gland in the histopathological image suggests an abundance of smooth muscle cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the acidophilic nature of the prostate gland indicate an abundance of smooth muscle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the acidophilic nature of the prostate gland does not necessarily indicate an abundance of smooth muscle cells. The acidophilic nature is a characteristic of the tissue, but it does not directly correlate with the presence of smooth muscle cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_0ab3a41c-e40f-4a65-bd97-cf61cf153616.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of a fibroblast foci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is smooth muscle hyperplasia observed in the interstitial areas of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, smooth muscle hyperplasia is observed in the interstitial areas of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of a fibroblast foci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is smooth muscle hyperplasia observed in the interstitial areas of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, smooth muscle hyperplasia is not observed in the interstitial areas of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_fc68418e-bb73-4c86-95e1-1526e30d29b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of hyalinization and mucinous presentation rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of hyalinization and mucinous presentation in the histopathological image does not rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It is important to note that these features can be seen in other types of tumors as well. A definitive diagnosis would require further analysis and correlation with the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of hyalinization and mucinous presentation rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of hyalinization and mucinous presentation in the image and report can help rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_0ebb7e3a-f836-4148-b350-2e0a561735ff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Passenger Merkel cells can be found in the background of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and other follicular tumors, but not in the background of MAC or basal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the presence of perineural invasion suggest the malignancy of MAC (microcystic adnexal carcinoma)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of perineural invasion in the histopathology image may suggest the malignancy of MAC. Perineural invasion refers to the infiltration of cancer cells along the nerves, which is often associated with a more aggressive tumor behavior. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering all relevant clinical and pathological findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Passenger Merkel cells can be found in the background of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and other follicular tumors, but not in the background of MAC or basal cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could the presence of perineural invasion suggest the malignancy of MAC (microcystic adnexal carcinoma)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of perineural invasion in the image does not suggest the malignancy of MAC. Perineural invasion is a feature that can be seen in various types of tumors, but it is not specific to MAC. The presence of perineural invasion in this context is not enough to confirm the malignancy of MAC." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_da3cafa5-c248-4bdb-b955-6863c2acdc81.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are activated macrophages commonly seen in temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, activated macrophages are commonly seen in temporal arteritis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are activated macrophages commonly seen in temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, activated macrophages are not commonly seen in temporal arteritis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_da3cafa5-c248-4bdb-b955-6863c2acdc81.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane a characteristic feature of temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane is a characteristic feature of temporal arteritis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane a characteristic feature of temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane is not a characteristic feature of temporal arteritis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_7af6614d-4e52-4b8b-94da-464673c3e873.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show the presence of ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show the presence of ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy does not show the presence of ducts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vseleAkfH-s_image_1c9c2039-8a13-4421-b6b0-79edda4ba70c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma with a polymorphous infiltrate and marked fibrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Reed-Reed-Sternberg cells essential for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of Reed-Reed-Sternberg cells is essential for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma. These cells are characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma and can be identified through histopathological examination, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma with a polymorphous infiltrate and marked fibrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Reed-Reed-Sternberg cells essential for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Reed-Reed-Sternberg cells are not essential for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma. The presence of these cells is a characteristic feature of Hodgkin lymphoma, but their absence does not necessarily rule out the diagnosis. Other histopathological features, such as the presence of a polymorphous infiltrate and marked fibrosis, can also be indicative of Hodgkin lymphoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_914c8f95-1309-4255-9f55-bc426d834197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spongiosis with erythrocytes can be seen in conditions such as PR, PR-like drug reactions, and Ducas and Kapetanakis type of pigmenting purpura. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in basilar tagging in interface dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in basilar tagging in interface dermatitis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spongiosis with erythrocytes can be seen in conditions such as PR, PR-like drug reactions, and Ducas and Kapetanakis type of pigmenting purpura. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in basilar tagging in interface dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells involved in basilar tagging in interface dermatitis. The primary cells involved in this process are neutrophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_cbf97e54-f8ed-4442-b168-3623365f1274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are changes in the vessel wall a feature used to identify schwannomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, changes in the vessel wall are a feature used to identify schwannomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are changes in the vessel wall a feature used to identify schwannomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, changes in the vessel wall are not a feature used to identify schwannomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does nevus sebaceus typically involve sebaceous gland hyperplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nevus sebaceus typically involves sebaceous gland hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does nevus sebaceus typically involve sebaceous gland hyperplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, nevus sebaceus does not typically involve sebaceous gland hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_fe6cfdb2-7926-4567-8e19-cfaf50261376.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a small patch of psoriasis with lots of crust and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils identified in the granuloma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are identified in the granuloma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a small patch of psoriasis with lots of crust and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils identified in the granuloma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not identified in the granuloma in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vcQK4Is4bl8_image_82f1fbe1-d023-4fe6-8b1a-aeb769da4099.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cell shedding a common characteristic during the menses phase?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows cell shedding in the endometrium during the menses phase. However, it is important to note that cell shedding is not always a common characteristic during the menses phase for all women. It can vary depending on the individual and the specific circumstances. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cell shedding a common characteristic during the menses phase?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cell shedding is not a common characteristic during the menses phase. It is more commonly seen in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nuclei have a rounded shape in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei in the chest pathology image do not have a rounded shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nuclei have a rounded shape in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the chest pathology image have a rounded shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_73d3f57b-43d1-406d-b530-d1aefe291706.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fibrin and tumor cells are seen in lymphovascular invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a PT1N0 tumor indicate that there is lymph node involvement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a PT1N0 tumor, which indicates that there is no lymph node involvement." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fibrin and tumor cells are seen in lymphovascular invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a PT1N0 tumor indicate that there is lymph node involvement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a PT1N0 tumor indicates that there is lymph node involvement. This classification is based on the TNM staging system, which is used to describe the extent of cancer in the body. PT1 refers to the size of the primary tumor, N0 indicates that there is no regional lymph node involvement, and M0 means that there is no distant metastasis. However, the presence of lymphovascular invasion in the image suggests that the cancer cells have spread to the lymphatic and blood vessels, which is a sign of lymph node involvement." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus composed solely of skeletal muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus is composed solely of skeletal muscle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus composed solely of skeletal muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus is composed of skeletal muscle fibers, which are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the distal half of the muscularis externa of the esophagus made up entirely of smooth muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the distal half of the muscularis externa of the esophagus appears to be made up entirely of smooth muscle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the distal half of the muscularis externa of the esophagus made up entirely of smooth muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the distal half of the muscularis externa of the esophagus is not made up entirely of smooth muscle. It is composed of a mixture of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle fibers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor characterized by mucin-secreting signet ring cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a histopathological view of a Kurkenberg tumor, which is characterized by mucin-secreting signet ring cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor characterized by mucin-secreting signet ring cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image provided does not show mucin-secreting signet ring cells, which are a characteristic feature of some other types of tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JwymE_Lfs44_image_951dd411-b24a-4ab0-8abb-273b06e779a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is likely a melanocytic matricoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudo-inclusions indicative of any specific pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of pseudo-inclusions in the histopathology image is not indicative of any specific pathology. Pseudo-inclusions are a histological artifact that can occur in certain tissue samples. They are not necessarily associated with any particular disease or condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is likely a melanocytic matricoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudo-inclusions indicative of any specific pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudo-inclusions can be indicative of certain pathologies, such as melanocytic matricoma, as mentioned in the context. However, it is important to consider the overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is superficial and perivascular inflammation a common feature of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, superficial and perivascular inflammation is a common feature of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is superficial and perivascular inflammation a common feature of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, superficial and perivascular inflammation is not a typical feature of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_cb97341c-f6c2-4560-a02b-76c3a6b9752e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Noting that the entire large surface area of the pancreas is fibrotic and scarred, making the case abnormal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lobules in the pancreas primarily responsible for exocrine functions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lobules in the pancreas are primarily responsible for exocrine functions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Noting that the entire large surface area of the pancreas is fibrotic and scarred, making the case abnormal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lobules in the pancreas primarily responsible for exocrine functions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lobules in the pancreas are primarily responsible for endocrine functions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_f6fa7310-9b88-4349-9659-9166b40d5f69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The dermis is thickened by inflammation and fibrosis, which is extending and widening some of the septa in between the fat lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic esophagitis involve an infiltration of lymphocytes in the esophageal epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows lymphocytic esophagitis, which involves an infiltration of lymphocytes in the esophageal epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The dermis is thickened by inflammation and fibrosis, which is extending and widening some of the septa in between the fat lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic esophagitis involve an infiltration of lymphocytes in the esophageal epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytic esophagitis does not involve an infiltration of lymphocytes in the esophageal epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_da982d8a-49d6-4d95-80cb-9a9f0dae4fd8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindle-shaped areas in a liposarcoma indicate dedifferentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MDM2 mutation testing useful for differentiating between osteogenic dedifferentiation in liposarcoma and true osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MDM2 mutation testing can be helpful in differentiating between osteogenic dedifferentiation in liposarcoma and true osteosarcoma. The image shows a case where MDM2 mutation testing was used to confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindle-shaped areas in a liposarcoma indicate dedifferentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MDM2 mutation testing useful for differentiating between osteogenic dedifferentiation in liposarcoma and true osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MDM2 mutation testing is not useful for differentiating between osteogenic dedifferentiation in liposarcoma and true osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_8d47bc9b-c290-4bf6-924d-294dd9fc4842.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Infiltrate of cells in the dermis with a grayish pink or grayish blue color may indicate histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor in the chest report characterized as a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tumor in the chest report is characterized as a high-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Infiltrate of cells in the dermis with a grayish pink or grayish blue color may indicate histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor in the chest report characterized as a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor in the chest report is characterized as a low-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zcImdqxXK08_image_3eedf5ed-4a28-4095-921e-2e4d98635366.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the proximal and distal tubules visible in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the proximal and distal tubules are visible in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the proximal and distal tubules visible in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the proximal and distal tubules are not visible in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zcImdqxXK08_image_3eedf5ed-4a28-4095-921e-2e4d98635366.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes present in the blood vessels in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows the presence of erythrocytes in the blood vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are erythrocytes present in the blood vessels in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, erythrocytes are not present in the blood vessels in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the effacement of the epidermal resia observed in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of lichen planus (LP) with a lichenoid interface dermatitis. However, the effacement of the epidermal resia is not observed in this particular case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the effacement of the epidermal resia observed in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the effacement of the epidermal resia is not observed in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells sit on a basement membrane which cannot be seen without PAS staining material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is connective tissue a component of the mucosa layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, connective tissue is a component of the mucosa layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells sit on a basement membrane which cannot be seen without PAS staining material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is connective tissue a component of the mucosa layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, connective tissue is not a component of the mucosa layer. The mucosa layer is composed of epithelial cells and a basement membrane, but it does not contain connective tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_5e7da8a7-19b6-49d5-a673-18de590f5337.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible lacrimal gland identified with mucin glands and ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large pools of mucin a characteristic feature of the tumor described?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows large pools of mucin, which is a characteristic feature of the tumor described." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible lacrimal gland identified with mucin glands and ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large pools of mucin a characteristic feature of the tumor described?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, large pools of mucin are not a characteristic feature of the tumor described." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VKEruy8apqY_image_ecf301c5-7cb9-4ee8-91e3-b6dc1412c1ea.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cytokeratin 20 typically expressed in the umbrella cell layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Cytokeratin 20 is typically expressed in the umbrella cell layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Cytokeratin 20 typically expressed in the umbrella cell layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Cytokeratin 20 is not typically expressed in the umbrella cell layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HilA233A6TE_image_62ed737e-cbd2-4b33-a592-d442fb12138f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are villous structures typically associated with adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows villous structures, which are finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine. While villous structures are typically associated with adenocarcinoma, it is important to note that the presence of villous structures alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of adenocarcinoma. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are villous structures typically associated with adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, villous structures are not typically associated with adenocarcinoma. Villous structures are more commonly associated with adenomatous polyps, which are benign growths in the colon." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_88d7c227-32e8-451d-bdfb-d72d0c35d40c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal involvement should also be assessed, including the presence of spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red blood cells included in the differential diagnosis according to this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, red blood cells are not included in the differential diagnosis according to this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal involvement should also be assessed, including the presence of spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red blood cells included in the differential diagnosis according to this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, red blood cells are included in the differential diagnosis according to this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_e980090e-fed8-4117-970e-1898766483ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis the same as pustular psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis is a specific subtype of pustular psoriasis. Pustular psoriasis is a type of psoriasis characterized by the presence of pustules, which are small, pus-filled blisters on the skin. Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis is a subtype of pustular psoriasis that is associated with specific genetic mutations and may have different clinical features and treatment responses compared to other subtypes of pustular psoriasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis the same as pustular psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a histopathological view of a lesion from a patient with Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis, which is a specific subtype of pustular psoriasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_e980090e-fed8-4117-970e-1898766483ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis be easily differentiated from other forms of pustular psoriasis without histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not possible to easily differentiate Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis from other forms of pustular psoriasis without histological examination. Histological examination is an essential diagnostic tool for accurately identifying and differentiating various types of psoriasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis be easily differentiated from other forms of pustular psoriasis without histological examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It is difficult to differentiate between Can Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis and other forms of pustular psoriasis without histological examination. The image provided shows a histological examination of the skin, which helps to identify the specific type of psoriasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all areas of the tumor composed of atypical cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all areas of the tumor are composed of atypical cartilage. The image shows that the tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid, which is not cartilage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all areas of the tumor composed of atypical cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that all areas of the tumor are composed of atypical cartilage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SQ1uNXtJwdI_image_cdfc70e1-1e14-456c-8d11-d7d6d7527cb3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poroma neoplasms characterized by the secretion of mucus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, poroma neoplasms are not characterized by the secretion of mucus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are poroma neoplasms characterized by the secretion of mucus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a poroma neoplasm characterized by the secretion of mucus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Loj1ms9sd0c_image_8ee72067-b59b-4cb8-aa0e-dc0d583dc653.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the malfunctioning of GM-CSF, which leads to the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the GM-CSF pathway primarily involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the GM-CSF pathway is primarily involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the malfunctioning of GM-CSF, which leads to the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the GM-CSF pathway primarily involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the GM-CSF pathway is primarily involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No presence of neutrophils or parakeratosis in the infiltrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of cells found in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary type of cells found in the infiltrate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No presence of neutrophils or parakeratosis in the infiltrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of cells found in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the image, neutrophils are the primary type of cells found in the infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_9a849b49-ce46-47c5-a715-1e4ccc887bdc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kaposi sarcoma primarily an infectious disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Kaposi sarcoma is not primarily an infectious disease. It is a type of cancer that develops from the cells lining blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. While it can be associated with certain infections, such as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), it is not caused by the infection itself." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kaposi sarcoma primarily an infectious disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that Kaposi sarcoma is primarily an infectious disease. However, it is important to note that the exact cause of Kaposi sarcoma is still not fully understood, and it can be associated with various factors, including infections, genetic factors, and immune system dysfunction. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough understanding of the disease and its causes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_9a849b49-ce46-47c5-a715-1e4ccc887bdc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are interstitial skin lesions limited to benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, interstitial skin lesions can also be associated with malignant conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are interstitial skin lesions limited to benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a variety of interstitial skin lesions, some of which are benign and others are malignant. It is important to note that interstitial skin lesions can be associated with both benign and malignant conditions. The specific type of lesion and its clinical significance would depend on the patient's medical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4G3LjX8iQ5I_image_5956b9ef-45d0-44ac-9c8f-614b872b9d68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is identical to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, which has intermediate malignant potential and can be locally recurrent but does not metastasize on its own. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor usually contain a high number of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor does not typically contain a high number of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is identical to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, which has intermediate malignant potential and can be locally recurrent but does not metastasize on its own. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor usually contain a high number of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor with a high number of lymphocytes. This suggests that the tumor contains a significant number of lymphocytes, which is an unusual feature for this type of tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_58ef792a-b0df-4c0d-954c-2699dbe7f3e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is usually necrotic, at least partially, and under the microscope, we can see necrotic areas lined by viable tumor tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do most patients with this high-grade tumor survive beyond three years after diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, most patients with this high-grade tumor do not survive beyond three years after diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is usually necrotic, at least partially, and under the microscope, we can see necrotic areas lined by viable tumor tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do most patients with this high-grade tumor survive beyond three years after diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, most patients with this high-grade tumor survive beyond three years after diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "NBFYxOaduzI_image_a251c5d8-5677-4668-a859-d550add9623d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma type A based on histopathological features such as positive ependymoma, perivascular pseudorosettes, and a cellular zone. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are foot processes of ependymal cells characteristic of astrocytoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, foot processes of ependymal cells are not characteristic of astrocytoma. They are a feature of ependymoma, which is a different type of brain tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma type A based on histopathological features such as positive ependymoma, perivascular pseudorosettes, and a cellular zone. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are foot processes of ependymal cells characteristic of astrocytoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of foot processes of ependymal cells is a characteristic feature of astrocytoma, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VYgvq5-w1V4_image_9a4137de-1c67-4034-ad8b-96e25fb242dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the histopathology of a tumor with papillae and a hyaline papillary sclerotic core, similar to clear cell carcinomas of the ovary or endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the condition described as having an orderly proliferation of endometrial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the condition is not described as having an orderly proliferation of endometrial tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the histopathology of a tumor with papillae and a hyaline papillary sclerotic core, similar to clear cell carcinomas of the ovary or endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the condition described as having an orderly proliferation of endometrial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the condition is described as having an orderly proliferation of endometrial tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_ac6f6e0b-5583-495a-9fb3-a4e24ec8778d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceoma a malignant sebaceous neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceoma is not a malignant sebaceous neoplasm. It is a benign tumor that arises from the sebaceous glands. However, it is important to note that sebaceoma can be associated with other conditions, such as Muir-Torre syndrome, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceoma a malignant sebaceous neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a sebaceoma, which is a benign (non-cancerous) sebaceous neoplasm. It is important to note that sebaceomas are not malignant, meaning they do not typically spread to other parts of the body or become cancerous. However, it is always a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_ac6f6e0b-5583-495a-9fb3-a4e24ec8778d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors. The primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors are sebaceous cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that lymphocytes are the primary cells found in sebaceoma tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_cd0a9fe0-dd37-473e-9cbb-22484b383631.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells lining the lesion lightly staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells lining the lesion are darkly staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells lining the lesion lightly staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells lining the lesion are lightly staining in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_cd0a9fe0-dd37-473e-9cbb-22484b383631.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the morphology described as resembling a butterfly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the morphology is described as resembling a staghorn or antler-like structure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the morphology described as resembling a butterfly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphology of the lesion in the image is described as resembling a butterfly." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei of pituitary cells absent in the neurohypophysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei of pituitary cells are present in the neurohypophysis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei of pituitary cells absent in the neurohypophysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei of pituitary cells are absent in the neurohypophysis, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fenestrated blood vessels unique to the neurohypophysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fenestrated blood vessels are not unique to the neurohypophysis. They can also be found in other areas of the brain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fenestrated blood vessels unique to the neurohypophysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fenestrated blood vessels are unique to the neurohypophysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BkAeObrNh7Y_image_22942ab1-ef61-4f36-875e-4294ed314ffe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has papillary projections extending into a cystic space and an elevated proliferation rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it true that melanomas located in mucous membrane sites are easier to treat than those on the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not true that melanomas located in mucous membrane sites are easier to treat than those on the skin. The prognosis and treatment options for melanomas depend on various factors, such as the stage of the disease, the location and size of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information and appropriate treatment options." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has papillary projections extending into a cystic space and an elevated proliferation rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it true that melanomas located in mucous membrane sites are easier to treat than those on the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that melanomas located in mucous membrane sites are easier to treat than those on the skin. However, it is important to note that the treatment approach for melanomas depends on various factors, such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the specific characteristics of the tumor. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fibrosis an early feature of chest nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibrosis is not an early feature of chest nodules. It is a late feature that can be seen in some cases of chest nodules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fibrosis an early feature of chest nodules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fibrosis can be an early feature of chest nodules." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "L_v9lgMKQh8_image_818d3133-4795-49e4-ab29-8941732ce463.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the papillae of the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary type of cell found in the papillae of the epithelium. The primary type of cell found in the papillae of the epithelium is large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the papillae of the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are the primary type of cell found in the papillae of the epithelium in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Multinucleated giant cells, specifically Langhans giant cells, which are commonly seen in TB but not specific to it. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotizing granulomas generally indicative of a non-infectious process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, necrotizing granulomas are not generally indicative of a non-infectious process. They are more commonly associated with infectious processes, such as tuberculosis (TB). However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Multinucleated giant cells, specifically Langhans giant cells, which are commonly seen in TB but not specific to it. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotizing granulomas generally indicative of a non-infectious process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of necrotizing granulomas in the histopathology image is generally indicative of a non-infectious process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does retinoblastoma exclusively show neuroblastoma differentiation without any other forms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma does not exclusively show neuroblastoma differentiation. It can also exhibit photoreceptor differentiation, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does retinoblastoma exclusively show neuroblastoma differentiation without any other forms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows retinoblastoma with neuroblastoma differentiation, but it also exhibits other forms of differentiation, such as rhabdomyoblastoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all retinoblastoma cases characterized by the same degree of retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma cases can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, as seen in the image and the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all retinoblastoma cases characterized by the same degree of retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of retinoblastoma with a high degree of retinal differentiation. However, it is important to note that not all retinoblastoma cases are characterized by the same degree of retinal differentiation. The degree of differentiation can vary among different cases of retinoblastoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoblastoma limited to non-retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, retinoblastoma can show varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is retinoblastoma limited to non-retinal differentiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a retinoblastoma with non-retinal differentiation. However, it is important to note that retinoblastoma is a type of cancer that originates in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. While the image you mentioned specifically shows non-retinal differentiation, it is not clear if retinoblastoma is limited to this type of differentiation. Retinoblastoma can also differentiate into retinal cells. To better understand the extent of retinoblastoma's differentiation, it would be helpful to review the entire set of images and consult with a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KO291SXq44U_image_598b0bc5-08c4-4407-ae29-e49a5e466ea3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cells involved in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary cells involved in the inflammatory response in this case are lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cells involved in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that neutrophils are the primary cells involved in the inflammatory response." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KO291SXq44U_image_598b0bc5-08c4-4407-ae29-e49a5e466ea3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mast cells noted in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mast cells is not noted in the inflammatory response." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mast cells noted in the inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mast cells is noted in the inflammatory response." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia. The primary cell type involved in these dermatoses is neutrophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that lymphocytes are the primary cell type involved in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses related to leukemia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the red pulp made up of tightly packed cells without any sinuses or cords?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the red pulp in the image is not made up of tightly packed cells without any sinuses or cords. Instead, it is composed of trabeculae and trabecular arteries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the red pulp made up of tightly packed cells without any sinuses or cords?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the red pulp in the image appears to be tightly packed with cells, without any sinuses or cords." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cords in the spleen's red pulp composed of dense collagen fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cords in the spleen's red pulp are composed of trabeculae and trabecular arteries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cords in the spleen's red pulp composed of dense collagen fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cords in the spleen's red pulp are composed of dense collagen fibers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y0ts1f1y3h8_image_eddcff0a-6882-463a-84e8-d2dbb8a807ed.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of an MPGN pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neurofibromas solely made up of fibroblasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neurofibromas are not solely made up of fibroblasts. They are composed of a mixture of cell types, including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of an MPGN pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neurofibromas solely made up of fibroblasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a neurofibroma, which is a benign tumor that arises from the nerve sheath. It is composed of a mixture of cell types, including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells. So, the answer is no, neurofibromas are not solely made up of fibroblasts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperplasia in breast tissue typically associated with malignancy during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hyperplasia in breast tissue is generally not associated with malignancy during pregnancy. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any breast-related concerns." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is hyperplasia in breast tissue typically associated with malignancy during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of breast tissue, which reveals hyperplasia. However, it is important to note that hyperplasia in breast tissue during pregnancy is not always associated with malignancy. In this particular case, the histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia without malignancy. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any breast-related concerns." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts indicate the presence of malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Calcifications in dilated ducts are not necessarily indicative of malignancy. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts indicate the presence of malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of calcifications in dilated ducts. However, it is important to note that the presence of calcifications alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of malignancy. Calcifications can be associated with various conditions, including benign processes. Further evaluation, such as a biopsy, may be needed to determine the nature of the calcifications and whether they are indicative of malignancy or not." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts appear uniformly shaped?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, calcifications in dilated ducts do not appear uniformly shaped." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do calcifications in dilated ducts appear uniformly shaped?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that calcifications in dilated ducts appear uniformly shaped." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypia present throughout the full thickness of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypia is not present throughout the full thickness of the tissue. It is limited to the epidermis and does not extend to the corneal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the atypia present throughout the full thickness of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The atypia is present throughout the full thickness of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_fc5cc0da-aa15-4069-83ba-9cc4a7e72aef.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Interface process with vacuolization of the basal epidermis and spongiosis, with white spaces between keratinocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the U.N. stain show positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the U.N. stain does not show positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Interface process with vacuolization of the basal epidermis and spongiosis, with white spaces between keratinocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the U.N. stain show positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the U.N. stain shows positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "t311tjyl-TY_image_e8359d72-f88f-4448-807f-386f3d3e06d7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue located at the periphery of the cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue are located centrally within the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in cardiac muscle tissue located at the periphery of the cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the cardiac muscle tissue are located at the periphery of the cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_4064671d-19ae-495a-9e62-291f98c66681.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the structure being described include a muscularis layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the structure being described in the image includes a muscularis layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the structure being described include a muscularis layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The structure being described does not include a muscularis layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_4064671d-19ae-495a-9e62-291f98c66681.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system. However, it is important to consider the context and other findings in the image to determine the exact nature and location of the structure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it possible for the described structure to be part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The described structure is not part of the respiratory system. It is a part of the gastrointestinal system." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD4 positive T cells observed in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD4 positive T cells are not observed in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD4 positive T cells observed in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CD4 positive T cells are observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells seen in the image indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cells seen in the image are not indicative of a bacterial infection. They are more suggestive of a viral infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells seen in the image indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a tissue sample, which reveals the presence of a bacterial infection. The cells in the image are indicative of this infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a liver biopsy less relevant for diagnosing liver conditions compared to other diagnostic tests?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a liver biopsy is an important diagnostic tool for evaluating liver conditions. It can provide valuable information about the liver's structure, cellular composition, and any abnormalities that may be present. However, it is essential to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make a comprehensive diagnosis and determine the most appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a liver biopsy less relevant for diagnosing liver conditions compared to other diagnostic tests?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that a liver biopsy may be less relevant for diagnosing liver conditions compared to other diagnostic tests. However, it is important to consider the specific context and the patient's clinical history when evaluating the relevance of a liver biopsy. In some cases, a biopsy may still be necessary to confirm a diagnosis or to rule out certain conditions. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate diagnostic tests for a specific patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bkSZUHsG1No_image_db7a86c5-7e8b-479c-9bd3-4d969be04695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the two types of epithelium within the nasal cavity: respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells and olfactory epithelium very tall columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium containing olfactory neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all parts of the nose lined by the same type of epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nasal cavity is lined by two types of epithelium: respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the two types of epithelium within the nasal cavity: respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells and olfactory epithelium very tall columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium containing olfactory neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all parts of the nose lined by the same type of epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that all parts of the nose are lined by respiratory epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal observed in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the aversion canal is observed in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal observed in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The aversion canal is not observed in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fdec37-3457-4528-96eb-ef57a768602a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodule, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis. The primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis is lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodule, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a skin biopsy, which reveals a granulomatous dermatitis. Neutrophils are one of the cell types involved in the inflammatory response, but they are not the primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis. The primary cell type involved in granulomatous dermatitis is typically macrophages, which are a type of immune cell." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were neutrophils the primary cells found in the microscopic examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary cells found in the microscopic examination were lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were neutrophils the primary cells found in the microscopic examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the microscopic examination revealed that neutrophils were the primary cells found in the examined tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the examination reveal a presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the examination revealed a presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the examination reveal a presence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The histopathological examination of the skin biopsy did not reveal a presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "nCE0LEKHG6I_image_2cc23df2-7230-49eb-a5ae-43f2c26cc56e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P53 immunohistochemistry shows diffuse staining along the basal aspect of the area compared to the background epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large vessels a common feature in chronic radiation dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, large vessels are not a common feature in chronic radiation dermatitis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P53 immunohistochemistry shows diffuse staining along the basal aspect of the area compared to the background epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are large vessels a common feature in chronic radiation dermatitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, large vessels are a common feature in chronic radiation dermatitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus suggestive of a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus in the image is suggestive of a pathological condition, which in this case is cirrhosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus suggestive of a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus in the histological section is not suggestive of a pathological condition. It is a normal finding in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance observed in the cuneate nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance is observed in the cuneate nucleus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance observed in the cuneate nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spongy appearance observed in the cuneate nucleus is not present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_b1ff0792-d43d-4472-bcb5-b31f50d1f8c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic nuclei suggest a bacterial infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophilic nuclei are not specific for bacterial infections. They can be seen in various conditions, including viral infections. The presence of eosinophilic nuclei in the image is suspicious for a viral cytopathic effect, which means that the cells may be affected by a viral infection. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact cause of the observed changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do eosinophilic nuclei suggest a bacterial infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of eosinophilic nuclei in the histopathology image suggests that there is an infection in the patient. However, it is important to note that eosinophilic nuclei can be associated with various types of infections, including bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to determine the specific type of infection and the appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of chronic inflammation surrounding a prostate gland. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the sloughing of nuclei be caused by cautery artifact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sloughing of nuclei can be caused by cautery artifact. Cautery artifacts are distortions or changes in the tissue that can occur during the cautery procedure, which is a technique used to remove or destroy abnormal tissue. These artifacts can sometimes mimic the appearance of sloughing, making it difficult to distinguish between the two." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of chronic inflammation surrounding a prostate gland. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the sloughing of nuclei be caused by cautery artifact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sloughing of nuclei cannot be caused by cautery artifact. The image shows sloughing of nuclei in the submucosa, which is not related to cautery artifact." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_fde0eb66-8d0b-4a97-9e6b-80942d04beff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of muscle in the adventitial tissue indicate a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of muscle in the adventitial tissue can be an indication of a pathological condition. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of muscle in the adventitial tissue indicate a pathological condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of muscle in the adventitial tissue, as seen in the histopathological image, is not considered a pathological condition. It is a normal finding in the adventitial tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_fde0eb66-8d0b-4a97-9e6b-80942d04beff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the adventitial tissue layer typically composed of muscle tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the adventitial tissue layer is typically composed of connective tissue, not muscle tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the adventitial tissue layer typically composed of muscle tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The adventitial tissue layer is typically composed of muscle tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_59b16065-bfc7-4f9d-82eb-c08bb09b5903.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining caused by argyria limited to one organ or tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The staining caused by argyria is not limited to one organ or tissue type. It can be found in various organs and tissues, such as the skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining caused by argyria limited to one organ or tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The staining caused by argyria appears to be limited to one organ or tissue type." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_50a5e54e-8bfa-48b6-bc4b-aee4aa77f76f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanocytes and Schwann cells have a neuroectodermal a neural crest origin and share some features with one another. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pigmented neurofibromas typically lack melanin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pigmented neurofibromas typically contain melanin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanocytes and Schwann cells have a neuroectodermal a neural crest origin and share some features with one another. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pigmented neurofibromas typically lack melanin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a pigmented neurofibroma that lacks melanin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can granulovacuolar degeneration be considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulovacuolar degeneration is not considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. It is a pathological finding that can be observed in certain neurological conditions, but it is not specific to Parkinson's disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can granulovacuolar degeneration be considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulovacuolar degeneration can be considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. It is a characteristic histopathological feature observed in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulovacuolar degeneration observed in all types of dementia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulovacuolar degeneration is not observed in all types of dementia. It is a specific type of pathological change that can be seen in certain forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulovacuolar degeneration observed in all types of dementia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows granulovacuolar degeneration in the cerebral cortex of a patient with Alzheimer's disease. However, it is important to note that granulovacuolar degeneration is not observed in all types of dementia. It is a specific type of degeneration that can be seen in certain neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, but not in all cases." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zSdK_yWe_S4_image_2bb8e82e-40b8-491f-b62e-6910dfd9b179.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of cells found in the exudate of pneumocystis pneumonia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary type of cells found in the exudate of pneumocystis pneumonia. The primary type of cells found in the exudate of pneumocystis pneumonia are lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of cells found in the exudate of pneumocystis pneumonia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that neutrophils are the primary type of cells found in the exudate of pneumocystis pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_538f6275-5910-4a46-9840-84896a129971.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show a deep paravascular infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pathology image does not show a deep paravascular infiltrate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show a deep paravascular infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows a deep paravascular infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of intervening stroma between osteoblasts be used to diagnose osteoblastoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of intervening stroma between osteoblasts cannot be used to diagnose osteoblastoma. This is because the presence or absence of intervening stroma is not a reliable diagnostic feature for osteoblastoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the absence of intervening stroma between osteoblasts be used to diagnose osteoblastoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of intervening stroma between osteoblasts in the histopathological image is a characteristic feature of osteoblastoma. This finding can be helpful in diagnosing the condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoblasts without malignant osteoid indicative of osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of osteoblasts without malignant osteoid is not indicative of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoblasts without malignant osteoid indicative of osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows osteoblasts without malignant osteoid, which is indicative of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_d7cd0a32-2695-4803-95d9-68c343c448e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retraction artifact is seen, which is non-specific but can be seen with prostate cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image exhibit characteristics that are distinct from typical prostate carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image exhibits characteristics that are distinct from typical prostate carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retraction artifact is seen, which is non-specific but can be seen with prostate cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image exhibit characteristics that are distinct from typical prostate carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not exhibit characteristics that are distinct from typical prostate carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these lobules characteristic of a malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lobules in the image are not characteristic of a malignancy. They are described as benign lobules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these lobules characteristic of a malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows lobules that are characteristic of a malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_7593afe7-b853-4a31-a634-e4ad18febc3a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor is a high-grade malignancy with many mitoses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these spherules likely to be found in a viral infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the spherules in the image are not likely to be found in a viral infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor is a high-grade malignancy with many mitoses. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these spherules likely to be found in a viral infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spherules in the image are likely to be found in a viral infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal present in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the aversion canal is present in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the aversion canal present in the demineralized bone specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The aversion canal is not present in the demineralized bone specimen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does viral pneumonia often result in the formation of granulomas in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, viral pneumonia does not often result in the formation of granulomas in the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does viral pneumonia often result in the formation of granulomas in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of granulomas in the lung tissue, which is a characteristic feature of viral pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_9a50a9b4-b1a5-4343-9f67-a895a5da8749.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of large capillary tufts throughout the dermis, resembling cannonballs, which is characteristic of tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can tufted angiomas be characterized by the presence of degenerating erythrocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tufted angiomas are characterized by the presence of large capillary tufts throughout the dermis, resembling cannonballs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of large capillary tufts throughout the dermis, resembling cannonballs, which is characteristic of tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can tufted angiomas be characterized by the presence of degenerating erythrocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of degenerating erythrocytes, which is a characteristic feature of tufted angiomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WMLduFKK2f4_image_4d16794d-32d0-4988-b47c-ae6c858ffc72.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of spindle cell squamous carcinoma or spindle cell sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are valve interstitial cells found in the mitral valve?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of valve interstitial cells in the mitral valve." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of spindle cell squamous carcinoma or spindle cell sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are valve interstitial cells found in the mitral valve?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the histology of the mitral valve, and it appears that valve interstitial cells are not present in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WMLduFKK2f4_image_4d16794d-32d0-4988-b47c-ae6c858ffc72.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of spindle cell squamous carcinoma or spindle cell sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do valve interstitial cells and extracellular matrix contribute to cardiac pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, valve interstitial cells and extracellular matrix can contribute to cardiac pathology. They play a role in the structural integrity and function of the heart valves. However, it is important to consider the specific context and patient history when evaluating the role of these cells and matrix in the development of cardiac pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possibility of spindle cell squamous carcinoma or spindle cell sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do valve interstitial cells and extracellular matrix contribute to cardiac pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that valve interstitial cells and extracellular matrix do not contribute to cardiac pathology. The image shows a normal histology of the valve, which suggests that the valve tissue is healthy and functioning properly." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cryptococcosis caused by a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cryptococcosis is caused by a fungal infection, specifically by the fungus Cryptococcus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cryptococcosis caused by a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to cryptococcosis, which is a fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus species. It is not caused by a bacterial infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cryptococcosis typically characterized by the absence of a halo around yeast cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cryptococcosis is typically characterized by the presence of a halo around yeast cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cryptococcosis typically characterized by the absence of a halo around yeast cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a tissue sample, which reveals the presence of cryptococcosis. However, the absence of a halo around yeast cells is not a typical characteristic of cryptococcosis. The presence or absence of a halo around yeast cells can vary depending on the specific type of fungus and the stage of the infection. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any fungal infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_68831cac-e069-4444-91ec-d8efef50fd16.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HER2 positive tumors tend to be high grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor grade associated with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor grade in this case is associated with high mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HER2 positive tumors tend to be high grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor grade associated with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a low-grade tumor with low mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_bf59c8d1-dfe8-4844-adaf-89730dae54fa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MAML2 fusion is seen in most cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucoceles and mucoepidermoid carcinoma both benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, they are not both benign conditions. Mucoceles are benign, while mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MAML2 fusion is seen in most cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucoceles and mucoepidermoid carcinoma both benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, both mucoceles and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are benign conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoids in the cortex as wide as those in the medulla?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sinusoids in the cortex are not as wide as those in the medulla." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoids in the cortex as wide as those in the medulla?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sinusoids in the cortex appear to be narrower than those in the medulla." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are wide sinusoids a feature of the cortex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, wide sinusoids are not a feature of the cortex." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are wide sinusoids a feature of the cortex?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows wide sinusoids in the cortex." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceous differentiation typically found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous differentiation is not typically found in the epidermal layer. It is more commonly found in the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sebaceous differentiation typically found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sebaceous differentiation is typically found in the epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_dc89033f-4a60-4f72-a1da-cf31d5ba66f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils is characteristic for clear cell acanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does clear cell acanthoma typically present with a poorly defined border?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell acanthoma typically presents with a well-defined border." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils is characteristic for clear cell acanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does clear cell acanthoma typically present with a poorly defined border?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, clear cell acanthoma typically presents with a poorly defined border, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_fca92f68-1d55-4b01-b05d-f49b4aaeeeb0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No epidermal involvement is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pleomorphic cells indicative of a uniform cell population?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pleomorphic cells are not indicative of a uniform cell population. Pleomorphic cells are characterized by their variability in size, shape, and appearance, which can be seen in various types of tumors and other pathological conditions. The presence of pleomorphic cells in a histopathological image may suggest an abnormal or malignant growth, but further evaluation and correlation with clinical findings are necessary to determine the exact nature and cause of the observed cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No epidermal involvement is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pleomorphic cells indicative of a uniform cell population?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of pleomorphic cells in the image suggests that there is a heterogeneous cell population, which means that the cells have a variety of shapes and sizes. This is a common feature in certain types of tumors, such as sarcomas. However, it is important to note that pleomorphic cells can also be found in other types of tumors or benign conditions. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the specific type and nature of the cells in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_8332252a-f2d8-4771-b21b-073a647483e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Sweet's syndrome always present with vasculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Sweet's syndrome does not always present with vasculitis. It is a rare skin condition that can be associated with various underlying conditions, including vasculitis. However, the presence of vasculitis is not a constant feature of Sweet's syndrome." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Sweet's syndrome always present with vasculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a skin biopsy, which reveals vasculitis. However, it is important to note that Sweet's syndrome is a rare inflammatory skin condition that can present with various symptoms, including vasculitis. Not all cases of Sweet's syndrome will present with vasculitis, but it is a common feature. The presence of vasculitis in the image suggests that the patient may have a form of Sweet's syndrome with vasculitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_8332252a-f2d8-4771-b21b-073a647483e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the predominant cells in Sweet's syndrome?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the predominant cells in Sweet's syndrome." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the predominant cells in Sweet's syndrome?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that eosinophils are the predominant cells in Sweet's syndrome." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DbElLKSrPtk_image_57e59320-e139-4063-89dc-8d326c1ebf99.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be a wart with a thick layer of keratin on top, clinically referred to as a cutaneous horn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amyloid deposition a characteristic feature of lichen sclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, amyloid deposition is not a characteristic feature of lichen sclerosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to be a wart with a thick layer of keratin on top, clinically referred to as a cutaneous horn. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is amyloid deposition a characteristic feature of lichen sclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, amyloid deposition is a characteristic feature of lichen sclerosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yKy4I7vNtVo_image_d5c4caa6-e06b-4ddf-b49a-388acef02f72.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dermal cells predominantly mesenchymal in appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the dermal cells in the image are predominantly epithelial in appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dermal cells predominantly mesenchymal in appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dermal cells in the image predominantly appear mesenchymal." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_ec362b93-01fa-4f8e-97e0-6f18575eac23.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are actively disrupting the glands, raising suspicion of lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of surface low-grade dysplasia indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of surface low-grade dysplasia in the context of this image is not indicative of a benign condition. It raises suspicion of lymphoma, which is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are actively disrupting the glands, raising suspicion of lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of surface low-grade dysplasia indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of surface low-grade dysplasia in the image is indicative of a benign condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of florid duct lesions indicative of healthy bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of florid duct lesions is not indicative of healthy bile ducts. These lesions are associated with bile duct injury, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of florid duct lesions indicative of healthy bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of florid duct lesions in the image suggests that there are abnormal changes in the bile ducts. These lesions could be indicative of various conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or even malignancy. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. Further diagnostic tests, such as immunohistochemistry, would be required to differentiate between the other possibilities mentioned in the report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it certain that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that the diagnosis is a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the diagnosis of pure myxoid liposarcoma without atypical components confirmed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the diagnosis of pure myxoid liposarcoma without atypical components cannot be confirmed based on the provided information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the diagnosis of pure myxoid liposarcoma without atypical components confirmed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the resected specimen, which is consistent with the diagnosis of pure myxoid liposarcoma without atypical components. However, it is important to note that the diagnosis was confirmed by a pathologist, and the image is used to support the findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_2df9c66a-bd7c-4f0e-b017-603c73a86b9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Additional tests such as S100, Desmin, SMA, CD117, or DOG1 may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular cell tumors commonly found in the cecum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granular cell tumors are not commonly found in the cecum. They are more frequently found in the oral cavity, salivary glands, and soft tissues of the head and neck. However, they can also occur in other locations, such as the cecum, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Additional tests such as S100, Desmin, SMA, CD117, or DOG1 may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular cell tumors commonly found in the cecum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a granular cell tumor in the cecum. However, it is important to note that granular cell tumors are not commonly found in the cecum. They are more frequently found in the oral cavity, salivary glands, and other locations. The presence of a granular cell tumor in the cecum is an unusual occurrence." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor purely endophytic without any exophytic growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not purely endophytic. It is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction in the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor purely endophytic without any exophytic growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tumor that is purely endophytic, meaning it is growing inward. There is no exophytic growth, which means the tumor is not growing outward." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor non-destructive to the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is invasive and causes destruction to the surrounding tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor non-destructive to the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor appears to be non-destructive to the surrounding tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_152e63ff-65bd-4cc7-b3da-5092a58ac1c4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Meisscher's granulomas are granulomas around cleft-like spaces, characterized by the presence of giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are H and E stains sufficient for diagnosing all cases of DFSP?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, H and E stains are not sufficient for diagnosing all cases of DFSP. While they can be helpful in identifying certain features, additional stains and techniques may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate it from other conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Meisscher's granulomas are granulomas around cleft-like spaces, characterized by the presence of giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are H and E stains sufficient for diagnosing all cases of DFSP?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H and E stains are sufficient for diagnosing all cases of DFSP, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_1636e728-d1e4-4e88-ae5e-1ccef53510d1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell tumors do not have solid nested growth like this and tend to form glandular spaces or have tubulocystic patterns. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it likely that the ovary contains a non-keratinizing squamous tumor in the absence of a teratoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not likely that the ovary contains a non-keratinizing squamous tumor in the absence of a teratoma. The image shows a solid nested growth, which is not a characteristic feature of non-keratinizing squamous tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell tumors do not have solid nested growth like this and tend to form glandular spaces or have tubulocystic patterns. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it likely that the ovary contains a non-keratinizing squamous tumor in the absence of a teratoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It is unlikely that the ovary contains a non-keratinizing squamous tumor in the absence of a teratoma. the image shows a teratoma, which is a type of tumor that contains various types of tissue, such as hair, teeth, or bone. the absence of a teratoma in this case would make it less likely for a non-keratinizing squamous tumor to be present. however, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_cd0f4bb3-2d82-4e38-a253-1949c14a8a30.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils a significant feature in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not a significant feature in this chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils a significant feature in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neutrophils are a significant feature in this chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_cd0f4bb3-2d82-4e38-a253-1949c14a8a30.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells prominently featured in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, plasma cells are not prominently featured in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells prominently featured in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows a dense infiltrate of plasma cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y9ifskLvSgE_image_37a55537-9d17-4a55-acdf-e45d2c0c2ba9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ carcinoma and nests of invasion can be seen in the described case. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytokeratin positivity commonly found in lymphoid tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cytokeratin positivity is not commonly found in lymphoid tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ carcinoma and nests of invasion can be seen in the described case. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytokeratin positivity commonly found in lymphoid tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cytokeratin positivity is commonly found in lymphoid tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_27d9869d-5455-4790-87b0-dbbc946bbe67.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ERG or CD31 may be used for angiosarcoma, high molecular weight keratin or P40 for squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to see a high population of T follicular helper cells in healthy individuals?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not common to see a high population of T follicular helper cells in healthy individuals. The presence of a high population of these cells may indicate an underlying pathological condition, such as an immune response or an inflammatory process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ERG or CD31 may be used for angiosarcoma, high molecular weight keratin or P40 for squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common to see a high population of T follicular helper cells in healthy individuals?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a high population of T follicular helper cells in a healthy individual. However, it is important to note that the presence of a high population of T follicular helper cells in a healthy individual is not typical. These cells are usually found in the context of an immune response or inflammation. The image is likely showing an abnormality or a specific condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_512eb04b-ab52-4d57-9ac3-376b767b0cea.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lentigo maligna typically present with a uniform color and shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lentigo maligna typically presents with a uniform color and shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lentigo maligna typically present with a uniform color and shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lentigo maligna typically presents with a uniform color and shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_864fc606-764f-44d3-ab58-612a2ce9b328.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Verocay bodies indicate the presence of a malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies are not indicative of malignancy. They are a histological feature that can be seen in certain types of benign tumors, such as schwannomas. The presence of Verocay bodies in the image suggests that the tumor is likely benign, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Verocay bodies indicate the presence of a malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of Verocay bodies in the histopathology image is consistent with a diagnosis of schwannoma. Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells, which are the cells that form the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves. However, it is important to note that the presence of Verocay bodies alone does not definitively rule out the possibility of a malignancy. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_864fc606-764f-44d3-ab58-612a2ce9b328.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies exclusive to chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Verocay bodies can be found in various types of tissue, including those from the chest. They are a histopathological feature that can be observed in certain types of tumors and fibromas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Verocay bodies exclusive to chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows Verocay bodies, which are a histological feature often associated with certain types of tumors. However, it is important to note that Verocay bodies can be found in various types of tumors, not just those affecting the chest. The presence of Verocay bodies in a histological sample can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and classification of the tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schiller-Dublin bodies found in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Schiller-Dublin bodies are not found in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schiller-Dublin bodies found in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of Schiller-Dublin bodies in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows evidence of neutrophilic infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Yflf0R3yLUQ_image_573015e5-2c56-44e6-985c-a73fd0cbf9dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularly circumscribed mass with densely populated cells and central area of necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass located in both hemispheres?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mass is located in the right hemisphere." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularly circumscribed mass with densely populated cells and central area of necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass located in both hemispheres?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mass is located in both hemispheres." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7oj3Vzwn9dM_image_73ab8877-a409-4431-8953-a6cdcbb31a28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodular fasciitis can occur without inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear pseudo-inclusions observed in all cases of cellular enlargement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, nuclear pseudo-inclusions are not observed in all cases of cellular enlargement." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodular fasciitis can occur without inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclear pseudo-inclusions observed in all cases of cellular enlargement?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nuclear pseudo-inclusions are observed in all cases of cellular enlargement in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers typically positive in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, P63 and P40 markers are typically negative in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers typically positive in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that P63 and P40 markers are typically positive in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs. However, it is important to note that this is a general observation based on the provided information. The actual prevalence and distribution of these markers may vary depending on the specific type of adenocarcinoma and the organ involved." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers exclusively expressed in malignant skin appendage tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, P63 and P40 markers are not exclusively expressed in malignant skin appendage tumors. They can also be expressed in metastatic adenocarcinomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are P63 and P40 markers exclusively expressed in malignant skin appendage tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that P63 and P40 markers are exclusively expressed in malignant skin appendage tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_232a0b8b-e0e3-46f6-882b-53806d0074cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there numerous eosinophils present in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no numerous eosinophils present in this chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there numerous eosinophils present in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a chest pathology with numerous eosinophils present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are deep perivascular layers primarily involved in the inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the deep perivascular layers are not primarily involved in the inflammation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are deep perivascular layers primarily involved in the inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the deep perivascular layers are primarily involved in the inflammation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inflammation confined to the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammation is not confined to the epidermal layer. It extends into the dermal layer, which is the layer beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial perivascular inflammation is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inflammation confined to the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inflammation appears to be confined to the epidermal layer in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_47dfc5be-a8f3-46cd-84db-03f71f231df6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa commonly found on the face?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa are not commonly found on the face. They are typically found in the axillary and inguinal regions, which are the areas under the arms and around the groin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis observed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa commonly found on the face?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the histopathology of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions on the face. However, it is important to note that the prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa on the face may vary depending on the individual case and the specific population being studied. To provide a more accurate answer, it would be helpful to have more information about the prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa on the face in general." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_80ed2e02-02e1-4111-8132-a7e4e48d1f33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are squamous cells absent in the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, squamous cells are present in the tumor, as indicated by the image and the provided information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are squamous cells absent in the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tumor with a high nuclear grade, which means that the cells within the tumor have a more abnormal appearance and are likely to be more aggressive. However, it is mentioned that squamous cells are absent in the tumor. This information is important for understanding the nature of the tumor and guiding further diagnostic and treatment decisions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_80ed2e02-02e1-4111-8132-a7e4e48d1f33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor exclusively composed of high-grade cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not exclusively composed of high-grade cells. It is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on the microscopic picture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor exclusively composed of high-grade cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tumor composed of high-grade cells. However, it is important to note that the tumor also contains low-grade cells. So, the answer is \"no.\"" } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_d15a80ed-9e07-4263-a4a4-5510211aaca6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are S100-positive macrophages typically found in the epidermal layer in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, S100-positive macrophages are typically found in the dermal layer in Rossi-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are S100-positive macrophages typically found in the epidermal layer in Rossi-Dorfman disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows S100-positive macrophages in the epidermal layer in a case of Rossi-Dorfman disease. However, it is important to note that the presence of S100-positive macrophages in the epidermal layer is not typical for this condition. In most cases, these cells are found in the dermis, not the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_263a451c-3d25-4041-905e-6465c614650c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the morphological characteristics of skin tumors the same regardless of their location?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the morphological characteristics of skin tumors can vary depending on their location. The image provided shows a skin tumor with a specific appearance, but it is important to note that the appearance of skin tumors can change depending on factors such as the location of the tumor and the individual patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the morphological characteristics of skin tumors the same regardless of their location?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphological characteristics of skin tumors appear to be the same regardless of their location." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Tt7ozUY_9OI_image_d6710237-0e5f-48b8-bd42-61cef046f5a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of noncaseating granulomas be used to diagnose sarcoidosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of noncaseating granulomas in a pathological image can be an important diagnostic clue for sarcoidosis. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of noncaseating granulomas be used to diagnose sarcoidosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of noncaseating granulomas in the histopathology image can be suggestive of sarcoidosis, but it is not definitive. Noncaseating granulomas are a characteristic feature of sarcoidosis, but they can also be seen in other conditions. A definitive diagnosis of sarcoidosis typically requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, as well as the exclusion of other possible causes. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Tt7ozUY_9OI_image_d6710237-0e5f-48b8-bd42-61cef046f5a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are noncaseating granulomas found in the lungs of all patients with sarcoidosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, noncaseating granulomas are not found in the lungs of all patients with sarcoidosis. They are a characteristic finding in some patients with sarcoidosis, but they can also be seen in other conditions or diseases. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the presence and significance of noncaseating granulomas in the context of sarcoidosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are noncaseating granulomas found in the lungs of all patients with sarcoidosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows noncaseating granulomas in the lungs of patients with sarcoidosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicative of a fungal infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of papillary-like structures in the nail plate is not indicative of a fungal infection. These structures are associated with onychomatricoma, a benign nail tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary-like structures in the nail plate indicative of a fungal infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillary-like structures in the nail plate can be indicative of a fungal infection, such as onychomycosis. However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are malignant cells typically found in the intralobular connective tissue of a fully developed mammary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, malignant cells are not typically found in the intralobular connective tissue of a fully developed mammary gland. The intralobular connective tissue is composed of loose connective tissue, which is not the usual location for malignant cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are malignant cells typically found in the intralobular connective tissue of a fully developed mammary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a fully developed mammary gland with malignant cells in the intralobular connective tissue. This is an unusual finding, as malignant cells are typically not found in the intralobular connective tissue of a fully developed mammary gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland typically dense?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is typically loose." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland typically dense?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The intralobular connective tissue in a fully developed mammary gland is typically dense." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma commonly found in the salivary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin lymphoma is not commonly found in the salivary gland. It is more commonly found in the lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphatic system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma commonly found in the salivary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of Hodgkin lymphoma found in the salivary gland. However, it is important to note that Hodgkin lymphoma is more commonly found in the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region. While it can occur in other locations, such as the salivary gland, it is less frequent." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the poroma with eccrine differentiation show features of sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the poroma with eccrine differentiation does not show features of sebaceous glands." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the poroma with eccrine differentiation show features of sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a poroma with eccrine differentiation, which is a type of skin tumor. However, it does not appear to show features of sebaceous glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct typically found in the dermis for a poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct is typically found in the dermis for a poroma. In this case, the eccrine duct is confined to the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct typically found in the dermis for a poroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct is typically found in the dermis for a poroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fb1VKk3XS-k_image_f43e95cd-08f6-46be-a8fc-8121bb6154e8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophil seen within a blood vessel, not signifying acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perichondrium potentially involved in CNH?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the perichondrium appears to be potentially involved in CNH, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Neutrophil seen within a blood vessel, not signifying acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perichondrium potentially involved in CNH?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a lesion, and it appears that the perichondrium is not involved in the condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_ab6cf1ff-9c22-4aa6-9eb7-10344b836448.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cystic dilation of the duct likely to be found in the chest cavity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cystic dilation of the duct is likely to be found in the breast tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cystic dilation of the duct likely to be found in the chest cavity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cystic dilation of the duct is likely to be found in the chest cavity." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_dce5c845-6959-45b2-8e37-49ccf67d2d2d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section is a cross-section of the penis, showing the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the posterior region of the trachea covered with hyaline cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the posterior region of the trachea is not covered with hyaline cartilage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section is a cross-section of the penis, showing the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the posterior region of the trachea covered with hyaline cartilage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the posterior region of the trachea covered with hyaline cartilage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_dce5c845-6959-45b2-8e37-49ccf67d2d2d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section is a cross-section of the penis, showing the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of cartilage on the posterior region of the trachea inhibit stretching of the esophagus during swallowing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of cartilage on the posterior region of the trachea does not inhibit stretching of the esophagus during swallowing." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section is a cross-section of the penis, showing the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of cartilage on the posterior region of the trachea inhibit stretching of the esophagus during swallowing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the absence of cartilage on the posterior region of the trachea. However, it does not provide enough information to determine whether this absence inhibits stretching of the esophagus during swallowing. Further analysis and clinical correlation would be needed to make that assessment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent eosinophilic nucleoli found in all types of Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli are not found in all types of Hodgkin lymphoma. They are more commonly observed in nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are prominent eosinophilic nucleoli found in all types of Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows prominent eosinophilic nucleoli in Reed-Sternberg cells, which are characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma. However, it is important to note that the presence of prominent eosinophilic nucleoli is not specific to all types of Hodgkin lymphoma. They are more commonly found in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Other types of Hodgkin lymphoma may have different histological features." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tonsil have a keratinized epithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tonsil does not have a keratinized epithelial layer. Instead, it is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tonsil have a keratinized epithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the tonsil, which is a part of the lymphatic system. However, the image itself does not provide enough information to determine whether the tonsil has a keratinized epithelial layer. To answer the question, more information about the specific case or the context of the image would be needed." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tonsil covered by a single layer of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tonsil is covered by a stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, which means it has multiple layers of cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tonsil covered by a single layer of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a single layer of cells covering the tonsil." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RijxWY1pOOM_image_0fd7210a-b901-4f64-8e8c-ae95c875e97b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, which is a transformation from prior pleomorphic adenoma. Carcinoma can be seen inside the tumor or associated with infiltration to adjacent structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma typically found exclusively inside the tumor without affecting adjacent structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is not typically found exclusively inside the tumor without affecting adjacent structures. It is more common for carcinoma to be seen inside the tumor or associated with infiltration to adjacent structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, which is a transformation from prior pleomorphic adenoma. Carcinoma can be seen inside the tumor or associated with infiltration to adjacent structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma typically found exclusively inside the tumor without affecting adjacent structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is typically found exclusively inside the tumor without affecting adjacent structures. However, it is important to note that this is a general observation and may not be universally applicable. The specific case and the context of the image should be considered when interpreting these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_4a351d53-2aef-45da-b99c-4ac24ecf453e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solitary fibrous tumor can be confused with DFSP, but can be differentiated with NAB2, STAT6 translocation and STAT6 immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the humeral bone lesion discovered intentionally during a targeted examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the humeral bone lesion was discovered incidentally during a routine examination." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solitary fibrous tumor can be confused with DFSP, but can be differentiated with NAB2, STAT6 translocation and STAT6 immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the humeral bone lesion discovered intentionally during a targeted examination?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The humeral bone lesion was discovered incidentally during a routine examination of the chest X-ray." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_79eb2714-9369-4729-abc0-717f6968c752.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is seen in the subcutis, mostly in the septum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes typically absent in granulomatous inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not typically absent in granulomatous inflammation. They are often present in granulomatous inflammation, which is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are small nodules or clusters of immune cells, primarily macrophages and lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammation is seen in the subcutis, mostly in the septum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes typically absent in granulomatous inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a granulomatous inflammatory lesion with a lack of lymphocytes. However, it is important to note that the presence or absence of lymphocytes in granulomatous inflammation can vary depending on the specific type of inflammation and the underlying cause. In some cases, lymphocytes may be present, while in others, they may be absent or reduced in number." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudocysts of the auricle typically filled with pus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudocysts of the auricle are not typically filled with pus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudocysts of the auricle typically filled with pus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of a pseudocyst of the auricle, which is typically filled with pus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a positive translocation be observed in all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a positive translocation cannot be observed in all types of chest pathologies. The presence of a positive translocation is not a constant feature in all chest pathologies. It is important to consider the specific type of chest pathology and the context of the patient's condition when interpreting the presence or absence of a positive translocation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a positive translocation be observed in all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is from a patient with a positive translocation. However, it is important to note that not all types of chest pathologies may show a positive translocation. The presence of a positive translocation in a chest pathology depends on the specific condition and the type of cells involved. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "NBLxhZk_jTA_image_7e80b258-1f0e-41a0-b912-f766b5555a69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image suggest a potential benign process due to the presence of rich blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of rich blood vessels in the pathology image does not suggest a potential benign process. The image shows a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells, which are characteristics of a malignant process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image suggest a potential benign process due to the presence of rich blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of rich blood vessels in the pathology image may suggest a potential benign process. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma commonly found in the salivary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin lymphoma is not commonly found in the salivary gland. It is more commonly found in the lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphatic system. However, it can sometimes involve other organs, such as the salivary glands, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin lymphoma commonly found in the salivary gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of Hodgkin lymphoma in the salivary gland. However, it is important to note that Hodgkin lymphoma is more commonly found in the lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphatic system. While it can occur in other locations, such as the salivary gland, it is less common." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_5c09b6ce-881a-45de-9558-f7e2eef7d13a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of dermal duct tumor and poromas with monotony of cellular population \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glycogen accumulation a characteristic feature of pyoderma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, glycogen accumulation is not a characteristic feature of pyoderma. It is a feature of poromas, which are benign skin tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of dermal duct tumor and poromas with monotony of cellular population \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glycogen accumulation a characteristic feature of pyoderma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glycogen accumulation is a characteristic feature of pyoderma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DuUxmT2OiFY_image_d3489dcc-329e-41ae-a1a4-2e3c9acfbc2a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses only to the left ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses to both the left and right ventricles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses only to the left ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses to both the left and right ventricles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are umbrella cells found in the dermal layer of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, umbrella cells are not found in the dermal layer of the skin. They are typically found in the urothelial lining of the urinary tract, such as the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are umbrella cells found in the dermal layer of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows umbrella cells in the epidermal layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_5c54a699-4203-4936-9c89-e9c0bc1d0e45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The pattern is reminiscent of what is seen in the endometrium, with endometrial glands and intervening spindle cell stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TLE-1 a reliable sole marker for diagnosing chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, TLE-1 is not a reliable sole marker for diagnosing chest pathology. It is important to consider multiple factors and diagnostic tests when evaluating chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The pattern is reminiscent of what is seen in the endometrium, with endometrial glands and intervening spindle cell stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TLE-1 a reliable sole marker for diagnosing chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that TLE-1 is a reliable sole marker for diagnosing chest pathology. However, it is important to consider the overall clinical context and other diagnostic tests when making a diagnosis. In this case, the histopathological examination of the chest mass revealed the presence of TLE-1, which supports the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_9de7ad14-72ab-4093-972c-56375079f87e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P16 staining can be confusing as tubal metaplasia may have strong areas of P16 positivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tubal metaplasia always easily distinguishable from endocervical adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tubal metaplasia can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from endocervical adenocarcinoma, as both conditions may have strong areas of P16 positivity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P16 staining can be confusing as tubal metaplasia may have strong areas of P16 positivity. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is tubal metaplasia always easily distinguishable from endocervical adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that tubal metaplasia can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from endocervical adenocarcinoma. the image shows a case where the distinction was challenging, and the diagnosis was made after a thorough review of the histopathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoglein one is strongly expressed in the superficial epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the direct immunofluorescence show fluorescence within the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the direct immunofluorescence does not show fluorescence within the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoglein one is strongly expressed in the superficial epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the direct immunofluorescence show fluorescence within the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the direct immunofluorescence image shows fluorescence within the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is endochondroma typically associated with invasive growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endochondroma is typically associated with benign growth." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is endochondroma typically associated with invasive growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of an endochondroma, which is a type of benign bone tumor. Endochondromas are typically associated with slow growth and are less likely to invade surrounding tissues. However, it is important to note that the behavior of endochondromas can vary, and a healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endochondromas commonly found in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endochondromas are more commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endochondromas commonly found in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows an endochondroma in the chest region. However, it is important to note that endochondromas are more commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs. They are benign cartilage tumors that can occur in other bones, but their prevalence in the chest region is less common compared to the long bones." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_b15a0cd8-0ec2-402c-8fdf-5f133ccc081a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LSNA a condition that affects only the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LSNA is a condition that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by the presence of pus-filled cysts and can cause various skin changes, such as erythema, ulceration, and crusting." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LSNA a condition that affects only the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that LSNA, or Lipoma Arborescens, is a condition that affects the subcutaneous tissue. However, it is important to note that the actual extent of the condition may vary depending on the individual case and the specific area of the body affected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_2c7f2289-235c-4fce-b5d5-977cdb53c023.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the blood vessels in the lesion filled with leukocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the blood vessels in the lesion are not filled with leukocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the blood vessels in the lesion filled with leukocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the blood vessels in the lesion are filled with leukocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SisuNSprfIc_image_30fe77f2-bfd9-44f0-8de7-eae2598fa0b4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does adenosis exhibit dark eosinophilic cytoplasm in the glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adenosis does not exhibit dark eosinophilic cytoplasm in the glands." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does adenosis exhibit dark eosinophilic cytoplasm in the glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows adenosis with dark eosinophilic cytoplasm in the glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ducts identifiable in chest pathology images by the presence of dried sweat secretion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ducts can be identified in chest pathology images by the presence of dried sweat secretion. This is because the sweat ducts are lined with epithelial cells that secrete sweat, which can be seen as a clear, fluid-filled space within the ducts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ducts identifiable in chest pathology images by the presence of dried sweat secretion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of dried sweat secretion is not sufficient to identify ducts in chest pathology images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the ducts in chest pathology images appear unclear and diffuse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the ducts in the chest pathology images do not appear unclear and diffuse." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the ducts in chest pathology images appear unclear and diffuse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ducts in the chest pathology images appear unclear and diffuse." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the clear, punched-out appearance a characteristic feature of ducts in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the clear, punched-out appearance of the ducts is a characteristic feature of ducts in chest pathology images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the clear, punched-out appearance a characteristic feature of ducts in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The clear, punched-out appearance of ducts is not a characteristic feature of chest pathology images. It is more commonly seen in breast pathology images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intramuscular lipomas found exclusively in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intramuscular lipomas can be found in various locations, not just the chest region." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intramuscular lipomas found exclusively in the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows intramuscular lipomas in the chest region. However, it is important to note that intramuscular lipomas can also be found in other regions of the body. They are benign fatty tumors that can occur in various muscles, including those in the chest, shoulders, arms, legs, and trunk." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do intramuscular lipomas only occur in muscles of the limbs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intramuscular lipomas can occur in muscles of the limbs, trunk, and head." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do intramuscular lipomas only occur in muscles of the limbs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows intramuscular lipomas in the muscles of the limbs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_6d6bfc8a-a4a4-4b0c-99bd-201138c8dc45.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology report does not indicate the presence of dysplasia in the intestinal type epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_25c01021-ab84-4258-aab0-773c0a59fb44.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is usually nicely circumscribed, but may infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do stromal markers exclusively stain germ cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, stromal markers do not exclusively stain germ cells. They can also stain other cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is usually nicely circumscribed, but may infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do stromal markers exclusively stain germ cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the stromal markers in the image exclusively stain germ cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_a5c4dcf6-c407-4c9a-8fce-4a59df39be05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The slide shows an organism affecting the hair follicle, causing degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytoplasmic margination a characteristic finding in herpes infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cytoplasmic margination is not a characteristic finding in herpes infection. It is a feature that can be seen in certain other conditions, such as syphilis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The slide shows an organism affecting the hair follicle, causing degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytoplasmic margination a characteristic finding in herpes infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cytoplasmic margination is a characteristic finding in herpes infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qUBwvDKqQ8A_image_5a6f74cc-b7ce-422f-b84b-8a355ded38c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plentiful mitotic figures are present in the tumor, indicating it is likely to be high-grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils specific to the diagnosis of interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not specific to the diagnosis of interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma. They can be seen in various types of lymphomas and other conditions. The presence of eosinophils in the image should be considered in the context of the overall clinical picture and other diagnostic findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Plentiful mitotic figures are present in the tumor, indicating it is likely to be high-grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils specific to the diagnosis of interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of eosinophils in the image is specific to the diagnosis of interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bile ducts present in the steatotic-looking area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the bile ducts are absent in the steatotic-looking area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bile ducts present in the steatotic-looking area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of bile ducts in the steatotic-looking area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the loss of fatty acid binding protein suggest malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the loss of fatty acid binding protein does not suggest malignancy. The loss of this protein is a characteristic finding in tufted angiomas, which are benign vascular tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the loss of fatty acid binding protein suggest malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The loss of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in the histopathology image suggests that the tissue sample is from a malignant tumor. However, it is important to note that the presence of FABP loss alone is not sufficient to confirm malignancy. Further analysis, including additional histopathological findings and clinical correlation, is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_503024d8-9907-4b0b-a211-fe80de57fb63.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclei appear atypical and dysplastic, with tall and columnar cells relative to adjacent normal colonic crypts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are verrucas typically associated with psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, verrucas are not typically associated with psoriasis. Verrucas are warts that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes, while psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches that can itch and burn. The two conditions are unrelated and should not be confused." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclei appear atypical and dysplastic, with tall and columnar cells relative to adjacent normal colonic crypts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are verrucas typically associated with psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a verruca associated with psoriasis. However, it is important to note that not all verrucas are associated with psoriasis. The presence of a verruca in this case is an unusual finding, as verrucas are typically caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and are not typically associated with psoriasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_503024d8-9907-4b0b-a211-fe80de57fb63.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclei appear atypical and dysplastic, with tall and columnar cells relative to adjacent normal colonic crypts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common for psoriasis to be mistaken for a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is not uncommon for psoriasis to be mistaken for a bacterial infection. The presence of atypical and dysplastic nuclei, along with the thickening of the epidermis, can sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to accurately determine the underlying cause of the skin condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclei appear atypical and dysplastic, with tall and columnar cells relative to adjacent normal colonic crypts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it common for psoriasis to be mistaken for a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is common for psoriasis to be mistaken for a bacterial infection, as the image shows. The histopathology of the skin biopsy reveals features of psoriasis, which can be easily misinterpreted as signs of a bacterial infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology shows vertical dense collagen bundles and bland fibroblasts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are superficial acral fibromyxomas typically found in the deeper layers of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, superficial acral fibromyxomas are typically found in the superficial layers of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology shows vertical dense collagen bundles and bland fibroblasts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are superficial acral fibromyxomas typically found in the deeper layers of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a superficial acral fibromyxoma, which is typically found in the deeper layers of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9AxhWoi0vcU_image_574e12cc-cc92-4222-a8f0-4b036d33de59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Genes involved in regulating iron metabolism include HAMP, HFE, TFR2, and HJP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of inflammation affecting the serosa in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no mention of inflammation affecting the serosa in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Genes involved in regulating iron metabolism include HAMP, HFE, TFR2, and HJP. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of inflammation affecting the serosa in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows inflammation affecting the serosa." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lower lobe predominant emphysema a characteristic finding in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lower lobe predominant emphysema is not a characteristic finding in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lower lobe predominant emphysema a characteristic finding in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lower lobe predominant emphysema is a characteristic finding in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_6e89642b-25a0-49e8-92d5-efb800f2b916.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The condition being described is characterized by abrupt onset crusting lesions in flexural areas, trunk, buttocks, and proximal extremities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils typically associated with infectious processes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not typically associated with infectious processes in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The condition being described is characterized by abrupt onset crusting lesions in flexural areas, trunk, buttocks, and proximal extremities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils typically associated with infectious processes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are typically associated with infectious processes in chest pathology. They play a role in the immune response and are often involved in the body's defense against infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_75d66010-79ac-4c40-9c90-1bef19050646.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neural invasion in the patient's chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of neural invasion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neural invasion in the patient's chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The patient's chest pathology image does not show evidence of neural invasion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_50a05ee7-c598-4896-91c1-d282973cd11b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is expansion of the lobule stroma and proliferation of ducts and acini. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of reduction in the number of ducts and acini?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows expansion of the lobule stroma and proliferation of ducts and acini, which indicates an increase in the number of ducts and acini." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is expansion of the lobule stroma and proliferation of ducts and acini. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of reduction in the number of ducts and acini?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows signs of reduction in the number of ducts and acini." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do granular cell tumors typically have a bluish appearance in histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granular cell tumors do not typically have a bluish appearance in histology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do granular cell tumors typically have a bluish appearance in histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a granular cell tumor with a bluish appearance in histology. However, it's important to note that the appearance of granular cell tumors can vary depending on the specific case and the staining technique used. In general, granular cell tumors can have a range of appearances, including bluish, pinkish, or grayish." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular cell tumors usually identified by their smooth and uniform texture in histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granular cell tumors are typically identified by their fine density of cytoplasm, which gives them a hazy appearance in histology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular cell tumors usually identified by their smooth and uniform texture in histology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granular cell tumors are typically identified by their smooth and uniform texture in histology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the major interlobular duct primarily involved in gas exchange?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the major interlobular duct is not primarily involved in gas exchange. It is involved in the transport of secretions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the major interlobular duct primarily involved in gas exchange?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The major interlobular duct is primarily involved in gas exchange." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1nSIh3Q6EPU_image_a4a44627-2a0c-4c37-86d1-e4745cd28d35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the columnar cells in this tissue sample lacking an outer myoepithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the columnar cells in this tissue sample are lined by an outer retained myoepithelial layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the columnar cells in this tissue sample lacking an outer myoepithelial layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the columnar cells in this tissue sample are lacking an outer myoepithelial layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "98Z5T4AWfUI_image_06359c81-da33-4f12-98a8-206a70e1add7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the observed changes indicative of an inflammatory process in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the observed changes in the lung tissue are not indicative of an inflammatory process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the observed changes indicative of an inflammatory process in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the observed changes in the lung tissue are indicative of an inflammatory process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "O20PwEDXOuo_image_71cbbc23-f1ed-446c-b57d-e56246a2c776.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of anti-GBM disease with staining patterns on C3 and IgG, and histopathological features of ischemia, wrinkling, sclerosis, and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells of the Bowman\u2019s capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the outer layer of trophoblasts typically involved in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the outer layer of trophoblasts is not typically involved in benign conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of anti-GBM disease with staining patterns on C3 and IgG, and histopathological features of ischemia, wrinkling, sclerosis, and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells of the Bowman\u2019s capsule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the outer layer of trophoblasts typically involved in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The outer layer of trophoblasts is typically involved in benign conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Homer Wright neuroblastoma characterized by the presence of a lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Homer Wright neuroblastoma is not characterized by the presence of a lumen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Homer Wright neuroblastoma characterized by the presence of a lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows Homer Wright neuroblastoma, which is a type of cancer that affects the nervous system. However, the presence of a lumen is not a characteristic feature of this particular type of neuroblastoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_41203ec2-0ddb-459a-862a-1721a3a749c1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protocol biopsies primarily conducted to check for organ rejection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, protocol biopsies are not primarily conducted to check for organ rejection. They are typically performed to monitor the health of the organ and ensure that it is functioning properly." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protocol biopsies primarily conducted to check for organ rejection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the protocol biopsies are primarily conducted to check for organ rejection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_0b9c95f1-7b60-4d75-8a40-916e7de96403.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the skin section entirely normal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the skin section is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the skin section entirely normal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The skin section appears to be entirely normal, as indicated by the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_0b9c95f1-7b60-4d75-8a40-916e7de96403.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basal cell carcinoma typically found in the deeper layers of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, basal cell carcinoma is typically found in the basal layer of the epidermis, which is the deepest layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basal cell carcinoma typically found in the deeper layers of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis. This suggests that BCC is typically found in the deeper layers of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KO291SXq44U_image_06289315-7726-4b7a-b1b4-c20d657ae07d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal columnar epithelium is present in the appendix and colon. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of normal columnar epithelium a typical finding in the appendix?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of normal columnar epithelium in the appendix is a typical finding. This type of epithelium is commonly seen in the appendix and colon." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal columnar epithelium is present in the appendix and colon. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of normal columnar epithelium a typical finding in the appendix?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of normal columnar epithelium in the appendix is not typical. It is more common to find normal columnar epithelium in the colon." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-fUB3Tx2RKE_image_2f5c706e-ab03-495a-8e16-3e750e32ae2f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid tumor growth with sclerosis and no glandular differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bluish appearing cells indicative of a non-tumorous condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the bluish appearing cells in the image are indicative of a tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid tumor growth with sclerosis and no glandular differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bluish appearing cells indicative of a non-tumorous condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The bluish appearing cells in the image are indicative of a non-tumorous condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in the atrophic lobule highly present and proliferative?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glands in the atrophic lobule are not highly present and proliferative." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands in the atrophic lobule highly present and proliferative?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the glands in the atrophic lobule are highly present and proliferative." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does focal stromal overgrowth indicate a high presence of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, focal stromal overgrowth does not necessarily indicate a high presence of epithelial cells. It refers to a localized area where the stroma, which is the supportive tissue surrounding the epithelial cells, is more prominent than usual. This can be seen in various conditions and may not be indicative of a specific disease or condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does focal stromal overgrowth indicate a high presence of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows focal stromal overgrowth, which means that there is an area where the stroma, the supportive tissue surrounding the epithelial cells, is more prominent than usual. This can be due to various reasons, such as inflammation, fibrosis, or other pathological processes. It does not necessarily indicate a high presence of epithelial cells, as the focus is on the stroma rather than the epithelial cells themselves." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UdnN_bDd9eM_image_930703f4-8cec-4a0b-a31c-785afaa39329.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible differential diagnoses include nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myositis ossificans primarily a condition that affects the joints?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myositis ossificans is not primarily a condition that affects the joints. It is a benign, non-cancerous condition that involves the formation of bone within muscle tissue. It can occur in various parts of the body, including the muscles of the arms, legs, and trunk." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible differential diagnoses include nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myositis ossificans primarily a condition that affects the joints?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, myositis ossificans primarily affects the joints." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_1bc319fa-11a6-4210-a755-c5b183e62787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The size of the granule is around 40-60 microns, much larger than RBCs and lymphocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid angiosarcoma cells typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelioid angiosarcoma cells are not typically found in the epidermis. They are usually found in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The size of the granule is around 40-60 microns, much larger than RBCs and lymphocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid angiosarcoma cells typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows epithelioid angiosarcoma cells in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. However, it is important to note that the presence of these cells in the epidermis is not typical. Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates from the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. In this case, the presence of these cells in the epidermis may be an unusual finding and could be related to the specific case or the imaging technique used." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the image consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the image are consistent with a diagnosis of sebaceous tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the image consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows cells that are consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_8820d99a-1f02-4349-b273-720c45947612.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the RET oncogene mutation unrelated to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the RET oncogene mutation is associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes, specifically MEN2A and MEN2B." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the RET oncogene mutation unrelated to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a tumor, which is unrelated to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes. The RET oncogene mutation is also unrelated to these syndromes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_8820d99a-1f02-4349-b273-720c45947612.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sporadic cases of MEN2A and MEN2B typically associated with RET oncogene mutations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sporadic cases of MEN2A and MEN2B are not typically associated with RET oncogene mutations." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sporadic cases of MEN2A and MEN2B typically associated with RET oncogene mutations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that sporadic cases of MEN2A and MEN2B are typically associated with RET oncogene mutations." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_51622b83-6877-4266-837a-7aa7713b3d18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are simple, unbranched papillae a common feature in papillary carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, simple, unbranched papillae are not a common feature in papillary carcinoma. They are more commonly seen in follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are simple, unbranched papillae a common feature in papillary carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows simple, unbranched papillae, which is a common feature in papillary carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "p89qEhsB-9g_image_6106a26a-e58a-4b03-b5da-e8445afcdf2e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The basement membrane, specifically the lamina densa, can be outlined by heavy type IV collagen staining in immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermatitis herpetiformis characterized by the absence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by the presence of eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The basement membrane, specifically the lamina densa, can be outlined by heavy type IV collagen staining in immunohistochemistry. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermatitis herpetiformis characterized by the absence of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a skin biopsy, which is consistent with dermatitis herpetiformis. However, it is important to note that the presence or absence of eosinophils in the image is not directly visible. The image focuses on the other histopathological features of dermatitis herpetiformis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "I341WDAGdgs_image_c3efeb2e-bdae-4071-8277-8a1677f534c9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. History of therapy with IPI supports the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the inflammatory cells described as highly atypical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammatory cells are not described as highly atypical." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. History of therapy with IPI supports the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the inflammatory cells described as highly atypical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The inflammatory cells in the image are described as highly atypical." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_89061fe6-278c-4979-aa7c-6db7a20e095b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Loss of cellular polarity and disorganization of the epithelium is a feature of malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ameloblastomas non-odontogenic tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ameloblastomas are non-odontogenic tumors, meaning they are not related to the development of teeth." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Loss of cellular polarity and disorganization of the epithelium is a feature of malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ameloblastomas non-odontogenic tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ameloblastomas are non-odontogenic tumors. They are not related to the development of teeth and are not derived from the odontogenic epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is carcinoma in situ of the urothelium generally considered a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, carcinoma in situ of the urothelium is generally considered a pre-malignant condition. It is an early stage of urothelial carcinoma, where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive urothelial carcinoma, which is a malignant condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is carcinoma in situ of the urothelium generally considered a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, carcinoma in situ of the urothelium is generally considered a benign condition. It is a non-invasive stage of cancer that has not yet spread to the surrounding tissues. However, it is important to monitor and manage this condition, as it can progress to invasive cancer over time." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "e1J6JObacLE_image_cf2f9a84-be56-4146-b69d-db2ee037df46.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cells in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lymphocytes are the predominant cells in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Thwivi7yGrU_image_b519f1ec-ad77-4f84-a1f6-3ca7288133f3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer layer of the skin composed of living cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the outer layer of the skin, the cornified layer (stratum corneum), is composed of dead, flattened cells without nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the outer layer of the skin composed of living cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the outer layer of the skin in the image is composed of living cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do endocrine cells typically have a prominent nucleolus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endocrine cells do not typically have a prominent nucleolus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do endocrine cells typically have a prominent nucleolus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows endocrine cells with a prominent nucleolus. This is an unusual feature for endocrine cells, as they typically have a small nucleolus. The presence of a prominent nucleolus in these cells may indicate an abnormality or a specific type of endocrine cell. Further analysis and clinical correlation would be needed to determine the significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endocrine cells identified by their large, irregularly shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are endocrine cells identified by their large, irregularly shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endocrine cells are identified by their large, irregularly shaped nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure commonly associated with benign lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure is commonly associated with benign lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure commonly associated with benign lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of a follicle within a papillary structure is not commonly associated with benign lesions. It is more likely to be seen in malignant lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are malignant lesions typically characterized by the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, malignant lesions are not typically characterized by the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure. This feature is more commonly associated with benign lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are malignant lesions typically characterized by the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, malignant lesions are typically characterized by the presence of a follicle within a papillary structure." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32b5b5df-07c8-4533-88d0-7bcef1e2b79f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H3K27M mutant is positive in tumor nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor nuclei negative for H3K27M mutation in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor nuclei are positive for H3K27M mutation in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H3K27M mutant is positive in tumor nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor nuclei negative for H3K27M mutation in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor nuclei in this report are negative for the H3K27M mutation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a melanocytic nevus typically found in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a melanocytic nevus is not typically found in the chest pathology image. The image shows a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology, which is not characteristic of a melanocytic nevus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a melanocytic nevus typically found in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The melanocytic nevus is typically found in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HilA233A6TE_image_62ed737e-cbd2-4b33-a592-d442fb12138f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a resected specimen, which is consistent with adenocarcinoma. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma cannot be made solely based on the image. A thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample contain congealed red blood cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample contains congealed red blood cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample contain congealed red blood cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the sample, and it appears that there are no congealed red blood cells present in the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the connective tissue or basement membrane described as thick?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the connective tissue or basement membrane is not described as thick in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the connective tissue or basement membrane described as thick?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The connective tissue and basement membrane in the image are described as thin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_1a3ef77c-7264-43ff-95ec-d73ebd55d18e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of plasma cells in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does elephantiasis nostras verrucosa typically present with smooth, non-warty skin changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, elephantiasis nostras verrucosa typically presents with warty skin changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of plasma cells in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does elephantiasis nostras verrucosa typically present with smooth, non-warty skin changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, which is characterized by smooth, non-warty skin changes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis is not indicative of a bacterial infection. It is a histopathological finding that can be associated with various skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and other inflammatory skin diseases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis indicative of a bacterial infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis, which are histopathological features. These features can be associated with various skin conditions, including bacterial infections. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the exact cause of the skin condition. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a tumor be classified as NIFTP if it has papillary structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a tumor cannot be classified as NIFTP if it has papillary structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a tumor be classified as NIFTP if it has papillary structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor can be classified as NIFTP if it has papillary structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary structures a disqualifying feature for NIFTP classification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillary structures is a disqualifying feature for NIFTP classification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are papillary structures a disqualifying feature for NIFTP classification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of papillary structures in the histopathology image is not a disqualifying feature for NIFTP classification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of papillary structures a common finding in NIFTP tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of papillary structures is not a common finding in NIFTP tumors. This observation is based on the provided information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of papillary structures a common finding in NIFTP tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of papillary structures is a common finding in NIFTP tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 expected to be positive in the given chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34 is expected to be negative in the given chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD34 expected to be positive in the given chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a positive CD34 staining in the chest pathology. CD34 is a marker that is often used to identify endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels. The presence of CD34 staining in the chest pathology suggests that the tissue sample contains endothelial cells, which can be helpful in diagnosing certain conditions or understanding the tissue's characteristics." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can S100 be used to identify the pathology in this chest sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, S100 cannot be used to identify the pathology in this chest sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can S100 be used to identify the pathology in this chest sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, S100 can be used to identify the pathology in this chest sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UabrOimZW4A_image_badabe6e-202e-4dfe-bb2e-97fbc57ac6ab.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pink hyaline droplets are present within the individual aggregations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spiradenomas typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spiradenomas are typically found in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pink hyaline droplets are present within the individual aggregations. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spiradenomas typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, spiradenomas are typically found in the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the macrophages devoid of any pigment granules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the macrophages in the image are not devoid of any pigment granules. They contain yellow brown pigment within them." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel\u2019s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel\u2019s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the macrophages devoid of any pigment granules?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the macrophages in the image appear to be devoid of any pigment granules." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_746f4beb-9ba2-4e60-8be4-74a15f726081.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poorly differentiated lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adipophilin typically associated with melanocytic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adipophilin is not typically associated with melanocytic lesions. It is more commonly associated with sebaceous gland differentiation, which may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Poorly differentiated lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adipophilin typically associated with melanocytic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adipophilin is typically associated with melanocytic lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enteroendocrine cells present in the simple columnar epithelium of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of enteroendocrine cells in the simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enteroendocrine cells present in the simple columnar epithelium of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a simple columnar epithelium, but it does not specifically mention the presence of enteroendocrine cells. However, it is important to note that enteroendocrine cells are typically found in the gastrointestinal tract, and their presence in the chest pathology image would be an unusual finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils commonly found in dermatomyofibroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not commonly found in dermatomyofibroma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils commonly found in dermatomyofibroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are commonly found in dermatomyofibroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_27ab4e5b-374a-4f56-9b5e-cbb97b6beac1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells absent in the provided tissue section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided tissue section shows the presence of plasma cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the tissue section. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells absent in the provided tissue section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided tissue section shows the absence of plasma cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of psammoma bodies exclusive to psammomatous meningioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psammoma bodies are not exclusive to psammomatous meningioma. They can also be seen in other types of meningioma, such as fibrous meningioma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of psammoma bodies exclusive to psammomatous meningioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of psammoma bodies is considered a characteristic feature of psammomatous meningioma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gAV6-5AfzuU_image_02c7f7b1-aa1c-4131-bb8b-b0a201165be8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium typically found in the epidermis of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is not typically found in the epidermis of the skin. It is more commonly found in the lining of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium typically found in the epidermis of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which is a type of epithelial tissue found in various parts of the body, including the skin. However, it is not typical for non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to be found in the epidermis of the skin. The epidermis is usually composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the image may be found in other parts of the body, such as the lining of the mouth or the respiratory tract." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Zona ghosts indicate the presence of healthy, functional follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. They do not indicate the presence of healthy, functional follicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do Zona ghosts indicate the presence of healthy, functional follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of Do Zona ghosts in the image suggests that there are healthy, functional follicles in the ovary." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LRSDSw7JCMc_image_9959c80a-d6ab-41e1-ae12-fead6dac3b69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of eosinophils suggest a viral infection in diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of eosinophils in the context of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) does not necessarily suggest a viral infection. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that can be involved in various inflammatory and immune responses. In the case of DAD, the presence of eosinophils may be related to the underlying cause of the lung injury, but it is not specific to viral infections. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the DAD and the presence of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of eosinophils suggest a viral infection in diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of eosinophils in the image may suggest a viral infection in diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of a viral infection. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LRSDSw7JCMc_image_9959c80a-d6ab-41e1-ae12-fead6dac3b69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are corticosteroids recommended for treating diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in this patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, corticosteroids are recommended for treating diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in this patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are corticosteroids recommended for treating diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in this patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that corticosteroids are not recommended for treating diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in this patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "91bmJtttGW0_image_61d0d2ee-1850-4a3e-9910-1cc21ea0a2d4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These features are diagnostic of a trichilemmoma, a benign follicular tumor showing differentiation towards outer root sheath epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the basal lamina is uniformly thickened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show any indication of uniformly thickened basal lamina." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These features are diagnostic of a trichilemmoma, a benign follicular tumor showing differentiation towards outer root sheath epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the basal lamina is uniformly thickened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a uniformly thickened basal lamina." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_5774fa74-d538-4a95-9957-238c9e154918.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of white chalky material under the proximal nail always confirm an infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of white chalky material under the proximal nail does not always confirm an infection. While it can be helpful in identifying infection, it is not definitive. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the presence of an infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of white chalky material under the proximal nail always confirm an infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of white chalky material under the proximal nail in the histopathology image is suggestive of an infection. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_7a2db408-1872-4641-8502-3402b8841912.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the polyp described primarily composed of malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the polyp is described as primarily composed of benign cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the polyp described primarily composed of malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The polyp described in the image is primarily composed of malignant cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_ad6dfa98-0406-45c3-baaf-b7b11834ceb5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of infiltrative glands makes the diagnosis difficult. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical cells observed in dual population typically found in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypical cells observed in dual population are not typically found in benign conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of infiltrative glands makes the diagnosis difficult. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical cells observed in dual population typically found in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The atypical cells observed in the image are typically found in benign conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cancer cells infiltrating through normal brain structures in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cancer cells are infiltrating through normal brain structures in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cancer cells infiltrating through normal brain structures in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In this particular case, the image shows that cancer cells are not infiltrating through normal brain structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it easy to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is difficult to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it easy to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the tumor is located in the right frontal lobe of the brain. the image shows the tumor and its surrounding area. however, without more information about the specific case and the extent of the tumor, it is difficult to determine if it is easy to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions. it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to assess the situation and determine the best course of action." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_7787d91a-2627-4fc6-b319-fea8f887f1bb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in age up diagnosis primarily composed of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrate in age up diagnosis is primarily composed of neutrophils and eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in age up diagnosis primarily composed of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the infiltrate in age up diagnosis is primarily composed of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_6631c3e4-dc4a-475f-b36b-e38d89ffdba4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the high rate of mitotic activity occur in the upper epithelial layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the high rate of mitotic activity does not occur in the upper epithelial layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the high rate of mitotic activity occur in the upper epithelial layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The high rate of mitotic activity is observed in the upper epithelial layers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma is typically found in the epidermis, not the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is HPV-associated adenocarcinoma typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma, which is typically found in the dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is florid papillary morphology a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, florid papillary morphology is not a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma. It is more characteristic of certain subtypes, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is florid papillary morphology a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a florid papillary morphology, which is a characteristic feature of some types of adenocarcinoma. However, it is not a common feature in all types of adenocarcinoma. The presence of florid papillary morphology in a specific case would depend on the type of adenocarcinoma being examined." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "i7VZAr65r6g_image_434d3bd7-801b-4258-8bd0-50071fb4a586.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a traumatized capillary hemangioma or cherry angioma with fibrin in the blood vessels and extravasated erythrocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can BRAF staining confirm the presence of a malignancy other than papillary craniopharyngioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, BRAF staining cannot confirm the presence of a malignancy other than papillary craniopharyngioma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of a traumatized capillary hemangioma or cherry angioma with fibrin in the blood vessels and extravasated erythrocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can BRAF staining confirm the presence of a malignancy other than papillary craniopharyngioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that BRAF staining can help confirm the presence of a malignancy other than papillary craniopharyngioma. However, it is important to note that the staining alone may not be sufficient to definitively confirm the diagnosis. Additional tests and clinical correlation are needed to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3qmVDVi9CPM_image_6d70f6b1-57ae-4cf1-b2fb-71ac06bc59c2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodules are moderately cellular and composed of spindle cells arranged in sheets and small fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic areas present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, necrotic areas are present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nodules are moderately cellular and composed of spindle cells arranged in sheets and small fascicles. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic areas present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show any necrotic areas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ddn2_H4hXp4_image_d69785d0-3ef3-4814-a6ee-9a0672faceba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can ducts be identified without cuboidal to columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ducts cannot be identified without the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can ducts be identified without cuboidal to columnar epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ducts can be identified without cuboidal to columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ddn2_H4hXp4_image_d69785d0-3ef3-4814-a6ee-9a0672faceba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ducts characterized by the presence of squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ducts are characterized by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ducts characterized by the presence of squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology slide of a ductal lesion, and it is characterized by the presence of squamous epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fZvq86-pUac_image_9cbab322-b7bd-4e91-a7e8-3728e9c0af6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show structures related to the heart?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show structures related to the heart. It is a histopathological image of a liver biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show structures related to the heart?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows structures related to the heart, as it is a histopathological examination of a heart tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fZvq86-pUac_image_9cbab322-b7bd-4e91-a7e8-3728e9c0af6f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image indicative of lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is indicative of liver tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image indicative of lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is indicative of lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "q9_bSt-wMRU_image_8ea5f414-3af5-4e56-a261-55e8a517a0f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eccrine syringofibroadenomas can occur as a reaction pattern in patients with stasis dermatitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in eccrine syringofibroadenoma primarily lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in eccrine syringofibroadenoma are primarily fibroblasts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eccrine syringofibroadenomas can occur as a reaction pattern in patients with stasis dermatitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in eccrine syringofibroadenoma primarily lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the cells in eccrine syringofibroadenoma are primarily lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_7eb6b887-9c53-4341-bfff-f21878e21b36.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Splayed collagen bundles of mucin without nice rings in the skin is consistent with interstitial GA. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a shave biopsy the preferred method for diagnosing neoplasms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a shave biopsy is not the preferred method for diagnosing neoplasms. It is generally considered to be less accurate and less reliable than other methods, such as punch or excisional biopsies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Splayed collagen bundles of mucin without nice rings in the skin is consistent with interstitial GA. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a shave biopsy the preferred method for diagnosing neoplasms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a shave biopsy is the preferred method for diagnosing neoplasms in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labeled cells known as chief cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the labeled cells in the image are not chief cells. They are follicular cells, which are the cells that line the follicles in the thyroid gland." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labeled cells known as chief cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the labeled cells in the image are known as chief cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chromosome number one typically intact in oncocytomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chromosome number one is typically lost in oncocytomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chromosome number one typically intact in oncocytomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chromosome number one is typically intact in oncocytomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oncocytomas usually negative for CK7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oncocytomas usually negative for CK7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that oncocytomas are usually negative for CK7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_37913d1a-8c16-4eda-8694-f848888b5a25.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of fused basement membranes from each cell type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lamellar bodies be seen without using electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lamellar bodies cannot be seen without using electron microscopy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of fused basement membranes from each cell type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can lamellar bodies be seen without using electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lamellar bodies can be seen without using electron microscopy. They can be observed under light microscopy as well." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_903c80af-d55b-4166-8156-3d5d47224ea5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the silver stain be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the silver stain cannot be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity. It is important to note that the silver stain is not specific for melanocytes and can cross-react with other structures in the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the silver stain be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the silver stain can be used exclusively to identify melanocytes without any cross-reactivity." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_903c80af-d55b-4166-8156-3d5d47224ea5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the silver stain specifically target only Langerhans cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the silver stain does not specifically target only Langerhans cells in chest pathology. It is used to visualize the presence of Langerhans cells in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the silver stain specifically target only Langerhans cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The silver stain in the image specifically targets Langerhans cells in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_df7c6184-9a44-471d-ad7a-f82c927058f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mixture of mucinous, intestinal, tubular, and diffuse type adenocarcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma in the stomach, illustrating the challenges in classification of gastric carcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of mucinous epithelium rule out mucinous cysts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of mucinous epithelium in the image can help rule out mucinous cysts. However, it is important to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mixture of mucinous, intestinal, tubular, and diffuse type adenocarcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma in the stomach, illustrating the challenges in classification of gastric carcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of mucinous epithelium rule out mucinous cysts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The absence of mucinous epithelium in the histopathology image does not rule out mucinous cysts. Mucinous cysts can be lined by various types of epithelium, and the absence of mucinous epithelium in this particular image does not necessarily mean that the cyst is not mucinous. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the nature of the cyst." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_df7c6184-9a44-471d-ad7a-f82c927058f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mixture of mucinous, intestinal, tubular, and diffuse type adenocarcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma in the stomach, illustrating the challenges in classification of gastric carcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucinous cysts characterized by non-mucinous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mucinous cysts are characterized by mucinous epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mixture of mucinous, intestinal, tubular, and diffuse type adenocarcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma in the stomach, illustrating the challenges in classification of gastric carcinomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucinous cysts characterized by non-mucinous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a mucinous cyst with non-mucinous epithelium. This means that the cyst is characterized by non-mucinous epithelial cells, which are not producing mucin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_81014f82-6068-4be7-bba6-b317ec685e20.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rosai-Dorfman disease is also known as sinus histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intracystic growths be identified without any specialized techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intracystic growths cannot be identified without the use of specialized techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rosai-Dorfman disease is also known as sinus histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intracystic growths be identified without any specialized techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intracystic growths can be identified using standard histology techniques, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "0QZ_6HCVIo4_image_66ad50de-226d-408f-bf40-ecf35c7f5779.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) darker than usual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the TFI are paler than usual." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) darker than usual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the tumor of the follicular infundibulum appear to be darker than usual." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "0QZ_6HCVIo4_image_66ad50de-226d-408f-bf40-ecf35c7f5779.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) unrelated to hair follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) is derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) unrelated to hair follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) in the image is unrelated to hair follicles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "91JekccsN80_image_6216959f-92d5-4428-a9a7-e89495a9a1db.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the necrosis of the villi tips result in an increased surface area for digestion and absorption?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the necrosis of the villi tips and villous fusion actually lead to a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the necrosis of the villi tips result in an increased surface area for digestion and absorption?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows necrosis of the villi tips, which means that the tips of the villi have died. However, it is not clear whether this necrosis results in an increased surface area for digestion and absorption. To determine if there is an increase in surface area, it would be necessary to examine the entire villus and compare it to a normal, healthy villus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumors that invade the lamina propria classified as T2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tumors that invade the lamina propria are classified as T1A." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumors that invade the lamina propria classified as T2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, tumors that invade the lamina propria are classified as T2." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prognosis better for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prognosis is generally worse for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prognosis better for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the prognosis appears to be better for tumors that invade beyond the muscularis mucosa compared to those limited to the lamina propria." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "xpc_DCJBvK4_image_16d4829c-8d10-4f63-890c-7a6347d74211.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tissue shown contains small collagen fibers, indicating loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fat cells typically found in the dermal layer of chest tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fat cells are not typically found in the dermal layer of chest tissue. They are more commonly found in the subcutaneous layer, which is the layer of fat and connective tissue just beneath the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tissue shown contains small collagen fibers, indicating loose connective tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fat cells typically found in the dermal layer of chest tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a fat cell in the dermal layer of chest tissue. This is an unusual finding, as fat cells are typically found in the subcutaneous layer, which is deeper than the dermal layer. However, the presence of a fat cell in the dermal layer is not unheard of and may be associated with certain conditions or abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "E5RVVBz1Fjs_image_be9d407b-43ca-42c7-a1d7-962212ccec0f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Verocay bodies are a classical feature of schwannomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the villi found in the submucosal layer of the small bowel?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the villi are not found in the submucosal layer of the small bowel." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Verocay bodies are a classical feature of schwannomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the villi found in the submucosal layer of the small bowel?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the villi are found in the submucosal layer of the small bowel." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_ef7a5d22-9bef-46c5-957d-783b5bded4f5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical squamous cells mainly located in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypical squamous cells are mainly located in the epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical squamous cells mainly located in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypical squamous cells are mainly located in the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a trichoblastoma a malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a trichoblastoma is a benign follicular tumor, which means it is not cancerous and generally does not spread to other parts of the body. However, it is important to monitor and manage any tumor, as they can sometimes cause complications or grow large enough to cause discomfort or other issues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a trichoblastoma a malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a trichoblastoma is a malignant tumor. It is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that arises from the hair follicle." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichoblastomas typically found in non-follicular skin areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, trichoblastomas are typically found in the follicular skin areas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichoblastomas typically found in non-follicular skin areas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, trichoblastomas are typically found in non-follicular skin areas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MhEhXWhB7ro_image_5e514388-98c2-4a73-b0aa-6299f1d0c329.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of small balls of stromal cells with associated epithelium is a clue for menstrual phase endometrium and abnormal bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of small balls of stromal cells with associated epithelium is a clue for menstrual phase endometrium and abnormal bleeding. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor exhibit features of a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tumor with features of a high-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "s4jQfiEoZXs_image_ad26239c-4629-4e3f-82cc-49c1b0458c4f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fatal pathogen that is more common in southern regions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei described as atypical or pleomorphic in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei are not described as atypical or pleomorphic in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fatal pathogen that is more common in southern regions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei described as atypical or pleomorphic in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei in the image are described as atypical." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "s4jQfiEoZXs_image_ad26239c-4629-4e3f-82cc-49c1b0458c4f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fatal pathogen that is more common in southern regions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lack of a myoepithelial layer a feature suggestive of carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lack of a myoepithelial layer in the image is a feature that is suggestive of carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fatal pathogen that is more common in southern regions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lack of a myoepithelial layer a feature suggestive of carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lack of a myoepithelial layer is not a feature suggestive of carcinoma in this particular image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_8b35386e-fa1b-48d6-9d9a-575ed4f5fc68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the theca interna cells have receptors for luteinizing hormone?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the theca interna cells in the image are positive for luteinizing hormone receptors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the theca interna cells have receptors for luteinizing hormone?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The theca interna cells in the image do not have receptors for luteinizing hormone." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_8b35386e-fa1b-48d6-9d9a-575ed4f5fc68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is estrogen produced by the theca interna cells directly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, estrogen is not produced by the theca interna cells directly. The theca interna cells are involved in the production of androgens, which are then converted to estrogen by other cells in the ovary." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is estrogen produced by the theca interna cells directly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the theca interna cells directly produce estrogen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_8b35386e-fa1b-48d6-9d9a-575ed4f5fc68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the theca interna cells responsible for producing androgen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, theca interna cells are responsible for producing androgen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the theca interna cells responsible for producing androgen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The theca interna cells are not responsible for producing androgen. They are involved in the production of estrogen, which is a different hormone." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical cells in inflammatory carcinoma found within the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the atypical cells in inflammatory carcinoma are found within the lymphatics in the superficial dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the atypical cells in inflammatory carcinoma found within the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the atypical cells in inflammatory carcinoma are found within the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_f1a5394e-2a65-4d75-8123-2eb0004cfb1a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do chromophobe cells have a high affinity for staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chromophobe cells do not have a high affinity for staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do chromophobe cells have a high affinity for staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chromophobe cells in the image have a high affinity for staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b3d41408-e22c-40bb-bb18-121cf17a8230.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Rosai-Dorfman disease typically present with a monomorphic cell population?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease typically presents with a polymorphic cell population." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Rosai-Dorfman disease typically present with a monomorphic cell population?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a monomorphic cell population, which is a characteristic feature of Rosai-Dorfman disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b3d41408-e22c-40bb-bb18-121cf17a8230.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rosai-Dorfman disease typically confined to the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Rosai-Dorfman disease is not typically confined to the skin. It is a rare disorder that can affect various organs and tissues in the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, and other organs. The presence of B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells in the image suggests that the disease may be affecting the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Rosai-Dorfman disease typically confined to the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a skin lesion, which is consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease. However, it is important to note that Rosai-Dorfman disease can also involve other organs and tissues, not just the skin. The disease is characterized by the presence of histiocytes, which are a type of immune cell, in the affected tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "H6EJ37upJZY_image_c8e9a943-844b-4b67-8943-87ee973b35fe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may be a lymphangioleiomyomatosis-histiocytic lesion with a differential diagnosis including ECD, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does osteosclerosis typically affect only short bones in the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteosclerosis can affect any bone in the body, not just short bones. It is a condition characterized by an increase in bone density, which can be seen in various types of lesions, including the one mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion may be a lymphangioleiomyomatosis-histiocytic lesion with a differential diagnosis including ECD, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does osteosclerosis typically affect only short bones in the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteosclerosis typically affects only short bones in the body." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of chicken wire pattern vasculature indicative of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of chicken wire pattern vasculature is not indicative of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a characteristic feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is a different type of cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of chicken wire pattern vasculature indicative of squamous cell carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of chicken wire pattern vasculature in the histopathology image is indicative of squamous cell carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the presence of woven bone be further investigated for potential malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of woven bone in the image should be further investigated for potential malignancy. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should the presence of woven bone be further investigated for potential malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of woven bone in the image is not considered to be indicative of malignancy. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any potential issues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eosinophilic globules found only inside the cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eosinophilic globules are found both inside and outside the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the eosinophilic globules found only inside the cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The eosinophilic globules are found both inside and outside the cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "npRtDfSNV5M_image_00574812-ffde-489a-a621-7ab2dce9d60f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skin has a stratified, squamous, and keratinized epithelium with a dead outer layer and inner living layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is syringocystadenoma commonly associated with malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, syringocystadenoma is not commonly associated with malignant transformation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skin has a stratified, squamous, and keratinized epithelium with a dead outer layer and inner living layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is syringocystadenoma commonly associated with malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows syringocystadenoma, which is a benign tumor that arises from the salivary glands. It is not commonly associated with malignant transformation. However, it is important to note that while syringocystadenoma is generally benign, it is still a tumor and should be monitored and treated by a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "npRtDfSNV5M_image_00574812-ffde-489a-a621-7ab2dce9d60f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skin has a stratified, squamous, and keratinized epithelium with a dead outer layer and inner living layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hidradenomas often characterized by papillary projections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hidradenomas are not typically characterized by papillary projections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skin has a stratified, squamous, and keratinized epithelium with a dead outer layer and inner living layers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hidradenomas often characterized by papillary projections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of a hidradenoma, which is characterized by papillary projections. Therefore, the answer is \"yes.\"" } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Would a solid growth of 20% be classified as grade 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a solid growth of 20% would be classified as grade 1." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Would a solid growth of 20% be classified as grade 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, a solid growth of 20% would be classified as grade 3." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of hepatocyte damage in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided chest pathology image shows evidence of hepatocyte damage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of hepatocyte damage in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The provided chest pathology image does not show any evidence of hepatocyte damage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show destruction of lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pathology image does not show destruction of lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show destruction of lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology image shows the presence of hepatocytes, which are liver cells, and ballooning degeneration. However, it does not show the destruction of lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_3f2597c4-53bf-4600-b423-2e234aa9cfe7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma can present with parakeratosis and an indented or crater shape or volcano-shaped eruption of keratin out of the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does invasive squamous cell carcinoma typically lack an indented or crater shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, invasive squamous cell carcinoma can present with an indented or crater shape or a volcano-shaped eruption of keratin out of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma can present with parakeratosis and an indented or crater shape or volcano-shaped eruption of keratin out of the skin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does invasive squamous cell carcinoma typically lack an indented or crater shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that invasive squamous cell carcinoma typically lacks an indented or crater shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "DbElLKSrPtk_image_41fb8ea4-ec36-4648-848f-f6dc91538ff4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An area of the nevus sebaceous started to grow, crust, and bleed, leading to concern for cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiocaretoma typically associated with organizing thrombosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, angiocaretoma is not typically associated with organizing thrombosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An area of the nevus sebaceous started to grow, crust, and bleed, leading to concern for cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiocaretoma typically associated with organizing thrombosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, angiocaretoma is typically associated with organizing thrombosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cells in this tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cells in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that lymphocytes are the predominant cells in this tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qFz6--cIM10_image_4d3a2b37-1707-4a6f-bdc8-2c07054d2c00.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The disease is mostly in situ, but there are some melanoma cells invading into the stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma primarily composed of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the stroma is primarily composed of fibroblasts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The disease is mostly in situ, but there are some melanoma cells invading into the stroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma primarily composed of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The stroma in the image is primarily composed of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zQdg1p_ahKI_image_f5aee396-20e2-481b-b47d-d03b108d44b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of two pathologies in the dermis, including the grains layer appearing spared and the presence of a collection of inflammatory cells like granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is eosinophilic esophagitis a potential diagnosis based on this biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a potential diagnosis based on this biopsy. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of two pathologies in the dermis, including the grains layer appearing spared and the presence of a collection of inflammatory cells like granuloma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is eosinophilic esophagitis a potential diagnosis based on this biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it is not possible to definitively confirm eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) as a potential diagnosis. However, the image does show a biopsy with eosinophilic infiltration, which is a characteristic feature of EoE. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the most appropriate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_2218beb2-1238-4541-8e3e-40bfcd5ed4a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypical fibroxanthoma a high-grade sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, atypical fibroxanthoma is considered a high-grade sarcoma. It is a rare, benign tumor that can be locally aggressive and may recur after treatment. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypical fibroxanthoma a high-grade sarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical fibroxanthoma is not a high-grade sarcoma. It is a rare, benign skin tumor that typically occurs in sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and upper extremities. While it may have some histological features that resemble sarcomas, it is generally considered a low-grade lesion. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_2218beb2-1238-4541-8e3e-40bfcd5ed4a0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does atypical fibroxanthoma typically show cells with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical fibroxanthoma typically shows cells with high mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does atypical fibroxanthoma typically show cells with low mitotic activity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows atypical fibroxanthoma with cells that have low mitotic activity." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alopecia areata associated with widespread dermal inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, alopecia areata is not associated with widespread dermal inflammation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is alopecia areata associated with widespread dermal inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a skin biopsy, which reveals a significant reduction in the number of hair follicles. However, it does not show widespread dermal inflammation. Therefore, the answer is no." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_1ae72514-90d7-4695-ab88-2afddb464a4d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of dysplastic melanoma and the use of Sox or S-100 markers to differentiate it from other types of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do desmoplastic melanomas typically stay with regular melanocytic markers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, desmoplastic melanomas typically do not stay with regular melanocytic markers. They are often negative for these markers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of dysplastic melanoma and the use of Sox or S-100 markers to differentiate it from other types of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do desmoplastic melanomas typically stay with regular melanocytic markers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, desmoplastic melanomas typically stay with regular melanocytic markers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous differentiation typically imply malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sebaceous differentiation does not typically imply malignant transformation. It is a normal process in the development of certain types of skin cells. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does sebaceous differentiation typically imply malignant transformation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that sebaceous differentiation is a feature of sebaceous carcinoma, which is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. However, it is important to note that sebaceous differentiation does not always imply malignant transformation. The presence of sebaceous differentiation in a lesion can be an important diagnostic clue, but further evaluation and testing are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tangential or oblique cuts of skin samples always result in a clear diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tangential or oblique cuts of skin samples do not always result in a clear diagnosis. In some cases, the orientation of the skin sample can affect the appearance of the tissue and make it more challenging to accurately diagnose certain conditions. However, experienced pathologists can still make a diagnosis based on the available information and the overall context of the case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tangential or oblique cuts of skin samples always result in a clear diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that tangential or oblique cuts of skin samples can provide a clear diagnosis in some cases. However, it is important to note that the clarity of the diagnosis may depend on the quality of the sample, the expertise of the pathologist, and the specific condition being examined." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are HPV-associated adenocarcinoma cells typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma cells are typically found in the epidermis, not the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are HPV-associated adenocarcinoma cells typically found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows HPV-associated adenocarcinoma cells in the dermis. However, it is important to note that the presence of these cells in the dermis is not typical. HPV-associated adenocarcinoma cells are more commonly found in the epithelium, which is the outermost layer of the skin. In this case, the presence of these cells in the dermis may indicate an unusual or atypical presentation of the disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mEVWMuZWxkk_image_0323de90-1c98-47db-a50c-db6ff7ff935e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The CDC paper shows positive immunohistochemistry in bronchial epithelial cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hyaline membranes always present in viral infections of pneumocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyaline membranes are not always present in viral infections of pneumocytes. The presence of hyaline membranes can be seen in some cases, but it is not a constant feature in all viral infections affecting the pneumocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The CDC paper shows positive immunohistochemistry in bronchial epithelial cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hyaline membranes always present in viral infections of pneumocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of hyaline membranes in the context of viral infections of pneumocytes. However, it is important to note that the presence of hyaline membranes is not always a definitive sign of viral infection. They can also be seen in other conditions, such as certain types of pneumonia or other lung diseases. Therefore, the presence of hyaline membranes alone is not sufficient to confirm a viral infection. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the hyaline membranes and the underlying condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_c79d9abe-b16f-49a2-92e3-c8ca30ee67ba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is squamous cell carcinoma commonly associated with pleomorphic adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, squamous cell carcinoma is not commonly associated with pleomorphic adenoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is squamous cell carcinoma commonly associated with pleomorphic adenoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of a pleomorphic adenoma with squamous cell carcinoma. This suggests that squamous cell carcinoma is associated with pleomorphic adenoma in this particular case. However, it is important to note that the prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma in pleomorphic adenomas may vary depending on the specific context and patient population." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_c79d9abe-b16f-49a2-92e3-c8ca30ee67ba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does squamous cell carcinoma typically occur in younger patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, squamous cell carcinoma is more commonly found in older patients." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does squamous cell carcinoma typically occur in younger patients?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of squamous cell carcinoma in a younger patient. However, it is important to note that squamous cell carcinoma can occur in patients of all ages. The prevalence of this type of cancer may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and risk factors. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for accurate information and advice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma considered a non-endothelial tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is considered an endothelial tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma considered a non-endothelial tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is considered a non-endothelial tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_8c28de54-11fc-4fe0-8a39-1fce0021d7b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin commonly associated with epithelial tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, synaptophysin is not commonly associated with epithelial tumors. It is more commonly associated with neuroendocrine tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is synaptophysin commonly associated with epithelial tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, synaptophysin is commonly associated with epithelial tumors. It is a protein that is often used as a marker for neuroendocrine cells, which are involved in the regulation of various bodily functions. In the context of epithelial tumors, the presence of synaptophysin can help identify neuroendocrine components within the tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sJq7831pi-c_image_ec154a4f-df62-468e-8a1f-7a8bb5ab26af.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of the lighting component of tumors using inhibin-positive cells, which show a much more intense staining pattern with this marker and may be diagnostically useful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the positive marking of Beta-catenin limited to the nuclei only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the positive marking of Beta-catenin is not limited to the nuclei only. It is observed in the cytoplasm as well." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of the lighting component of tumors using inhibin-positive cells, which show a much more intense staining pattern with this marker and may be diagnostically useful. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the positive marking of Beta-catenin limited to the nuclei only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the positive marking of Beta-catenin in the image is limited to the nuclei only." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7A9au9ZQa9E_image_6fb92e57-fd93-42e9-9c37-69e82e7372d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do fibroadenomas exhibit an infiltrative type of growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fibroadenomas do not exhibit an infiltrative type of growth. They are benign breast tumors that are typically well-defined and encapsulated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do fibroadenomas exhibit an infiltrative type of growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a fibroadenoma, which is a benign breast tumor. Fibroadenomas are typically non-infiltrative, meaning they do not invade or spread into surrounding tissues. However, it is important to note that the appearance of fibroadenomas can vary, and a healthcare professional should be consulted for a proper evaluation and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma are typically benign." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sweat ducts in microcystic adnexal carcinoma are typically malignant." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is microcystic adnexal carcinoma primarily found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microcystic adnexal carcinoma is primarily found in the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is microcystic adnexal carcinoma primarily found in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a microcystic adnexal carcinoma, which is a type of cancer that originates in the adnexal structures of the skin, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The cancer cells are found in the epidermal layer, which is the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sohlZtwTs-w_image_d9c2eee2-75f4-4626-9bd9-55501e78b274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The term HSIL is used for high grade dysplasia that is HPV driven in the anal genital region and includes bowenoid papulosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mitoses near the granular layer indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mitoses near the granular layer are not indicative of a benign condition. They are more suggestive of a malignant or potentially malignant process, such as high grade dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma in situ." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The term HSIL is used for high grade dysplasia that is HPV driven in the anal genital region and includes bowenoid papulosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mitoses near the granular layer indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mitoses near the granular layer in the histopathological image is indicative of a benign condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_ef581345-d7c3-4ce4-87a7-3f62efd25e06.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is a cutaneous angiomyolipoma, which is not related to renal angiomyolipomas seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor prominently resemble cartilage tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor does not prominently resemble cartilage tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor is a cutaneous angiomyolipoma, which is not related to renal angiomyolipomas seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor prominently resemble cartilage tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor prominently resembles cartilage tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_ddb60f64-b0bb-4d43-8efb-a4b6bc693032.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in verruciform xanthoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells found in verruciform xanthoma. The primary cells in this condition are foamy histiocytes, which are a type of immune cell that has ingested lipids, giving them a foamy appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells found in verruciform xanthoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are the primary cells found in verruciform xanthoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_ddb60f64-b0bb-4d43-8efb-a4b6bc693032.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does verruciform xanthoma typically show involvement of deeper dermal layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, verruciform xanthoma typically does not involve deeper dermal layers. It is characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis, which is the uppermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does verruciform xanthoma typically show involvement of deeper dermal layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a verruciform xanthoma that involves the deeper dermal layers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "iDVaGqPyyNE_image_cea0553a-2fbd-4a06-a2b7-fd040c02cb71.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cuboidal nature of cells with basophilic nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do poroma cells blend seamlessly with the adjacent squamous cells of the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, poroma cells do not blend seamlessly with the adjacent squamous cells of the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cuboidal nature of cells with basophilic nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do poroma cells blend seamlessly with the adjacent squamous cells of the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the poroma cells in the image appear to blend seamlessly with the adjacent squamous cells of the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_aafe5f96-8c1c-4259-b91e-112e960b9508.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dense or nodular lymphatic tissue is associated with the arterial portion of the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells mentioned in the migration process through the lymphoid tissue in the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, plasma cells are not mentioned in the migration process through the lymphoid tissue in the spleen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dense or nodular lymphatic tissue is associated with the arterial portion of the spleen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are plasma cells mentioned in the migration process through the lymphoid tissue in the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the migration process of plasma cells through the lymphoid tissue in the spleen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_ffda2047-e034-4def-8322-73952bcf7c62.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the description mention capillaries within a muscle layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the description does not mention capillaries within a muscle layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the description mention capillaries within a muscle layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histological section shows capillaries within a muscle layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pneumocytes in a desquamative type pattern usually found intact and adhering to their alveolar walls?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pneumocytes in a desquamative type pattern are typically found falling off their alveolar walls." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pneumocytes in a desquamative type pattern usually found intact and adhering to their alveolar walls?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pneumocytes in a desquamative type pattern are typically found intact and adhering to their alveolar walls." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_d40b10af-a120-40ac-830f-57cd7b9c47b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa lutein cells found in the fallopian tubes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulosa lutein cells are not found in the fallopian tubes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa lutein cells found in the fallopian tubes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of granulosa lutein cells in the fallopian tubes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "0zob5YWn6BY_image_9f250337-8160-48e7-8cf4-76e1b299d0f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Understanding normal histology and morphology of the thyroid gland can help in identifying pathological conditions quickly. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are C cells part of the normal histology of the thyroid gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, C cells are part of the normal histology of the thyroid gland. They are found in the follicles of the thyroid gland and play a crucial role in the production and regulation of thyroid hormones." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Understanding normal histology and morphology of the thyroid gland can help in identifying pathological conditions quickly. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are C cells part of the normal histology of the thyroid gland?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal histology of the thyroid gland, and C cells are not typically present in the normal histology of the thyroid gland." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IrsvNpaV2Lk_image_b6f70427-0a8a-49db-b545-de1138514c2e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fine spongiform degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can status spongiosus result in the complete loss of neurons in affected tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, status spongiosus can result in the complete loss of neurons in affected tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fine spongiform degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can status spongiosus result in the complete loss of neurons in affected tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that status spongiosus can result in the complete loss of neurons in affected tissue, but it does not necessarily mean that all neurons in the affected tissue will be lost. The extent of neuron loss can vary depending on the severity and duration of the status spongiosus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IrsvNpaV2Lk_image_b6f70427-0a8a-49db-b545-de1138514c2e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fine spongiform degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a glial scar composed primarily of neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a glial scar is composed primarily of glial cells, not neurons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fine spongiform degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a glial scar composed primarily of neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a glial scar composed primarily of neurons." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_1f8e0226-6b91-4d8f-a32b-009d9cfde33c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudohyphae formation is a clear sign of Candida infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the yeast organisms in a pap smear typically found without pseudohyphae formation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of pseudohyphae formation in yeast organisms is a characteristic feature of Candida infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pseudohyphae formation is a clear sign of Candida infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the yeast organisms in a pap smear typically found without pseudohyphae formation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the yeast organisms in the pap smear are typically found without pseudohyphae formation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_a7212596-7274-4a87-ae6c-18b9045ed7cc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merkel cell carcinomas have a high mitotic rate, often over 100 in a given area, which is much higher than the mitotic rate of a bad melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Merkel cell carcinoma solely caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Merkel cell carcinoma is not solely caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus. It is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that can occur in people with weakened immune systems. While Merkel cell polyomavirus is one of the known risk factors, it is not the only cause of this type of cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merkel cell carcinomas have a high mitotic rate, often over 100 in a given area, which is much higher than the mitotic rate of a bad melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Merkel cell carcinoma solely caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that Merkel cell carcinoma is caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus. However, it is important to note that Merkel cell carcinoma can also be caused by other factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and a weakened immune system. The presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus is just one of the factors that can contribute to the development of this type of cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_adc6d72e-9902-466a-a39f-549b504c5156.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of needle-shaped crystals in the material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates usually composed of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates are typically composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes, rather than eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of needle-shaped crystals in the material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates usually composed of eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates are typically composed of eosinophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_59e8ec85-fa97-4e37-a3f8-61f0a0a07c99.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils and possibly a few Eosinophils in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample contain lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sample does not contain lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of neutrophils and possibly a few Eosinophils in the sample. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample contain lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology sample of a skin lesion. However, without more information or the ability to view the image, I cannot definitively confirm the presence or absence of lymphocytes in the sample. It is important to consult a healthcare professional or pathologist for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6_t9jPZ9JoQ_image_ec5d0687-414a-4eae-b2a6-91c9bdfca9d3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiosarcoma a possible diagnosis for the patient based on the pathology findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the pathology findings, angiosarcoma is not a possible diagnosis for the patient. The cells are not atypical, and there are not many mitoses seen on high power." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is angiosarcoma a possible diagnosis for the patient based on the pathology findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that angiosarcoma is a possible diagnosis for the patient. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering all relevant clinical information and additional diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6_t9jPZ9JoQ_image_ec5d0687-414a-4eae-b2a6-91c9bdfca9d3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of atypical cells exclude the diagnosis of angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of atypical cells in the image and the reference report suggests that angiosarcoma is unlikely. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the absence of atypical cells exclude the diagnosis of angiosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The absence of atypical cells in the histopathology image does not necessarily exclude the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates from the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. The presence or absence of atypical cells in a histopathology image is just one piece of the diagnostic puzzle. Other factors, such as the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests, may be needed to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_7b18e97f-c4af-4223-8463-d78b8e556272.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gland composed of serous-secreting cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the gland is composed of mucous-secreting cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gland composed of serous-secreting cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The gland in the image is composed of serous-secreting cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_7b18e97f-c4af-4223-8463-d78b8e556272.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the duct of the gland branched?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the duct of the gland are unbranched." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the duct of the gland branched?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cells in the duct of the gland appear to be branched." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_0d2e6583-1d32-4702-ae07-b9057049c643.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor shows a target appearance with nerves present in the center and entombment of adjacent minor mucous glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an infiltrative growth pattern typically confined to a single tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, an infiltrative growth pattern is not typically confined to a single tissue type. It can involve various tissue types, such as the minor mucous glands in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor shows a target appearance with nerves present in the center and entombment of adjacent minor mucous glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is an infiltrative growth pattern typically confined to a single tissue type?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows an infiltrative growth pattern that is typically confined to a single tissue type." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp arranged in clusters?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp are arranged in a single layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp arranged in clusters?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endothelial cells in the venous sinuses of the spleen's red pulp are arranged in clusters." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel indicative of early-stage diffuse alveolar damage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel are seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel indicative of early-stage diffuse alveolar damage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is consistent with early-stage diffuse alveolar damage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diffuse alveolar damage characterized by the presence of fibrinous thrombi in the initial stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, diffuse alveolar damage is not characterized by the presence of fibrinous thrombi in the initial stages. The image and reference report provided show that fibrinous thrombi are observed in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is diffuse alveolar damage characterized by the presence of fibrinous thrombi in the initial stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that diffuse alveolar damage is characterized by the presence of fibrinous thrombi in the initial stages." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_2491af44-0685-4ac2-9bf6-9f4480ca64fc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pale myxoid stroma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nodule located in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nodule is located in the dermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pale myxoid stroma is present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nodule located in the epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nodule is located in the dermal layer, which is the layer beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_55b17562-3ba4-4e4b-8afe-2c734ea4093c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: In this case, does the appearance of the crypts qualify for a sessile serrated polyp?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the appearance of the crypts in this case does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: In this case, does the appearance of the crypts qualify for a sessile serrated polyp?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a polyp with crypts that appear to be sessile serrated. However, it is important to note that the histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a low-grade tubular adenoma. This finding suggests that the polyp is not a sessile serrated polyp, but rather a low-grade tubular adenoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "oCnV8-c2les_image_058e9398-f7c3-4e9b-aa58-fda2e3199dc7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is abrupt squamous differentiation commonly associated with adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, abrupt squamous differentiation is not commonly associated with adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is abrupt squamous differentiation commonly associated with adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of adenocarcinoma with abrupt squamous differentiation. However, it is important to note that the presence of abrupt squamous differentiation is not always a common feature in adenocarcinoma. The specific characteristics of a tumor can vary greatly between individual cases. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion contain a significant amount of smooth muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion does not contain a significant amount of smooth muscle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lesion contain a significant amount of smooth muscle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a lesion with a significant amount of smooth muscle." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high presence of smooth muscle in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no high presence of smooth muscle in the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a high presence of smooth muscle in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a high presence of smooth muscle in the lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "XRE-sih0NoI_image_6272abd6-915d-4602-824d-241c66d2bcb9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a PT1N0 tumor, which can be cured with orchiectomy alone in 70% of cases. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the melanocytes in the provided chest pathology image heavily pigmented?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the melanocytes in the image appear to be heavily pigmented." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a PT1N0 tumor, which can be cured with orchiectomy alone in 70% of cases. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the melanocytes in the provided chest pathology image heavily pigmented?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The melanocytes in the provided chest pathology image do not appear to be heavily pigmented." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_3ace7236-b250-4689-bfcc-8ebbbe2f5a97.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of eosinophils within the infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic keratinocytes usually found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, necrotic keratinocytes are typically found in the epidermis, not the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of eosinophils within the infiltrate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic keratinocytes usually found in the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows necrotic keratinocytes in the dermis, which is an unusual location for these cells. Normally, necrotic keratinocytes are found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. However, in this case, they are present in the dermis, which is the layer beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hnMZ-XWjOqo_image_3a7b7085-ec2f-45b5-bbbc-736a4bf7f34f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perivascular infiltrate limited to the superficial layer only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the perivascular infiltrate is not limited to the superficial layer only. It extends into the deep layer as well." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perivascular infiltrate limited to the superficial layer only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The perivascular infiltrate appears to be limited to the superficial layer only." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hnMZ-XWjOqo_image_3a7b7085-ec2f-45b5-bbbc-736a4bf7f34f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cell type in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary cell type in the infiltrate. The primary cell type in the infiltrate is lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary cell type in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the image, neutrophils are the primary cell type in the infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_8fd32512-8cc3-4b8d-ad64-0b8904a707a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Septal and lobular patterns of inflammation are looked for. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermal inflammation typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermal inflammation is not typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue. It can extend into the deeper layers of the skin, such as the reticular dermis, as well as the subcutaneous tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Septal and lobular patterns of inflammation are looked for. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dermal inflammation typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that dermal inflammation is typically restricted to the subcutaneous tissue. However, it is important to note that the specific case shown in the image may not be representative of all cases. Inflammation can vary in its extent and location, and further analysis may be needed to confirm the general rule." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver feature small, uniformly shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver typically features large, bizarre nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver feature small, uniformly shaped nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows small, uniformly shaped nuclei, which is a characteristic feature of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver typically normal in appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver are typically abnormal in appearance, as they are large and bizarre." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver typically normal in appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver are typically abnormal in appearance. They may exhibit various changes, such as enlargement, irregular shape, or increased mitotic activity, which are indicative of cancerous cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SyMiaUFpQTA_image_a1ed0f2b-1d92-4e3a-b7dc-78cfe4d8a09e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease commonly found in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin's disease is not commonly found in the GI tract. It is a type of lymphoma that primarily affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. However, it can sometimes spread to other organs, including the GI tract." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease commonly found in the GI tract?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of Hodgkin's disease found in the GI tract. However, it is important to note that Hodgkin's disease is not commonly found in the GI tract. It is more commonly associated with the lymphatic system. The presence of Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract is a rare occurrence." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SyMiaUFpQTA_image_a1ed0f2b-1d92-4e3a-b7dc-78cfe4d8a09e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract always characterized by a single type of cell infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract can be characterized by a single type of cell infiltrate, but it can also be characterized by a mixed type of cell infiltrate. The presence of a single type of cell infiltrate is not a definitive diagnostic feature for Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract always characterized by a single type of cell infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of Hodgkin's disease in the GI tract characterized by a single type of cell infiltrate. However, it is important to note that Hodgkin's disease can present with various histological features, and the presence of a single type of cell infiltrate is not always the case. The image serves as an example of one such presentation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lutlNGVXViU_image_58ad65f9-6498-46f5-b3a9-fad4d78bf7bc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial acral fibromyxoma or digital fibromyxoma may have some overlap with acquired digital fibrokeratoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the clear cells always signify a malignant process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cells do not always signify a malignant process. They can be seen in various benign and malignant conditions. In this case, the clear cells are associated with a benign process, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial acral fibromyxoma or digital fibromyxoma may have some overlap with acquired digital fibrokeratoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the clear cells always signify a malignant process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The clear cells in the image are associated with a malignant process, as they are part of the histopathology of a malignant melanoma. However, it's important to note that clear cells can also be seen in benign conditions, such as sebaceous gland tumors. The presence of clear cells alone is not enough to determine whether a process is malignant or benign. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_095293af-c5f4-4c77-a3e2-cdc37de1f907.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all astrocytic tumors with necrosis classified as glioblastomas regardless of molecular findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all astrocytic tumors with necrosis are classified as glioblastomas. The classification of astrocytic tumors with necrosis depends on various factors, including molecular findings, histological features, and clinical presentation. It is important to consider all of these factors when determining the specific type and grade of the tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all astrocytic tumors with necrosis classified as glioblastomas regardless of molecular findings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that astrocytic tumors with necrosis are classified as glioblastomas regardless of molecular findings. However, it is important to note that the classification of tumors should be based on a combination of factors, including histopathological findings, molecular markers, and clinical information. The image serves as an example, and the actual classification may vary depending on the specific case and the criteria used by the pathologist." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_d4efae0e-c831-4393-bc4f-bbd436e8bee9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perinuclear region of plasma cells typically blue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the perinuclear region of plasma cells is not typically blue. The blue coloration in the image is due to the staining technique used, which highlights the perinuclear region of plasma cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the perinuclear region of plasma cells typically blue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The perinuclear region of plasma cells in the image appears to be blue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_7f8af3ec-89ab-410f-809f-d96825359a52.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HER2 positive tumors tend to be high grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor tend to be low grade?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor tends to be high grade, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HER2 positive tumors tend to be high grade. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor tend to be low grade?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor in the image tends to be low grade." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypia the main factor in determining the malignancy of this lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the depth of involvement is the main factor in determining the malignancy of this lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypia the main factor in determining the malignancy of this lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, atypia is the main factor in determining the malignancy of this lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion considered benign due to the lack of atypia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion is considered malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion considered benign due to the lack of atypia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion is considered benign due to the lack of atypia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an atypical epithelial component found between the proliferative endometrial glands." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_cc5efb91-2745-4c8d-9ffa-29107753d5e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rimmed vacuoles seen on H&E and trichrome staining can indicate sporadic inclusion by myositis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protein aggregates exclusively found in the cytoplasm of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, protein aggregates can also be found in the nucleus of cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rimmed vacuoles seen on H&E and trichrome staining can indicate sporadic inclusion by myositis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are protein aggregates exclusively found in the cytoplasm of cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows protein aggregates in the cytoplasm of cells, but it is important to note that protein aggregates can also be found in the nucleus of cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_f7a7cc61-058b-48e6-ae63-ced6ed426296.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Different skin tumors have different genetics and morphology based on their location in the body (skin, breast, or salivary glands). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nuclei in the chest pathology image show prominent polarity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the chest pathology image show prominent polarity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Different skin tumors have different genetics and morphology based on their location in the body (skin, breast, or salivary glands). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nuclei in the chest pathology image show prominent polarity?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei in the chest pathology image do not show prominent polarity." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoid osteoma commonly found in the ribs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoid osteoma is not commonly found in the ribs. It is more commonly found in the long bones, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus. However, it can also occur in other bones, including the ribs, as seen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoid osteoma commonly found in the ribs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteoid osteoma can be found in the ribs, as it is a benign bone tumor that can occur in various bones, including the ribs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TpYikXO-DfM_image_52674956-cf8d-4501-ae39-30455bf90b7f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In late phase PBC, bile duct loss occurs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MRCP an invasive procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MRCP is a non-invasive procedure. It stands for Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography, which is a type of imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and surrounding structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In late phase PBC, bile duct loss occurs. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MRCP an invasive procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) procedure. MRCP is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the bile ducts, pancreatic duct, and surrounding structures. It is not an invasive procedure, as it does not involve the insertion of instruments into the body. However, it is important to note that the actual procedure may vary depending on the specific clinical situation and the patient's condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_1c7cf05a-3852-46aa-a430-d69f8ca383e6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell RCC is associated with the pathogenesis of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clear cell carcinoma of the kidney typically found in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, clear cell carcinoma of the kidney is not typically found in the lungs. It is a type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that originates in the kidney." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cell RCC is associated with the pathogenesis of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is clear cell carcinoma of the kidney typically found in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to a case of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney, which is a type of kidney cancer. It is not typically found in the lungs. However, it is important to note that cancer cells can sometimes spread from their original site to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis. In this case, the clear cell carcinoma of the kidney has spread to the lungs, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hepatocytes disintegrated in the provided chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided chest pathology report shows dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hepatocytes disintegrated in the provided chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows hepatocytes that are not disintegrated." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as intact and healthy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the hepatocytes are described as dissociated and not intact or healthy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as intact and healthy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the hepatocytes in the image are described as intact and healthy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as being in a normal state?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the hepatocytes are described as being in a dissociated state, which means they are not in their normal arrangement." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the hepatocytes described as being in a normal state?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the hepatocytes in the image are described as being in a normal state." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kk_2426UA4Y_image_78366c87-60e6-48fb-9d74-2d0d184f19b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are needle biopsies of the pancreas usually performed without any radiographic localization techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, needle biopsies of the pancreas are often performed with radiographic localization techniques to ensure accurate targeting and sampling of the tissue. This helps to preserve the architecture of the tissue, which is important for accurate diagnosis and interpretation of the findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are needle biopsies of the pancreas usually performed without any radiographic localization techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that needle biopsies of the pancreas are often performed without any radiographic localization techniques." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kk_2426UA4Y_image_78366c87-60e6-48fb-9d74-2d0d184f19b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do needle biopsies of the pancreas always result in disrupted tissue architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, needle biopsies of the pancreas can sometimes result in preserved architecture of the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do needle biopsies of the pancreas always result in disrupted tissue architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a needle biopsy of the pancreas with disrupted tissue architecture. However, it is important to note that the disruption of tissue architecture is not always observed in needle biopsies of the pancreas. The presence or absence of disrupted tissue architecture may depend on various factors, such as the technique used, the quality of the sample, and the specific case being examined." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_514ac373-6ef7-45b6-9e8f-d36e812ea96a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in this area may be forming pseudoglandular spaces and have central vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels exclusive to yolk sac tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels can also be found in other types of tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests to determine the specific type of tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cells in this area may be forming pseudoglandular spaces and have central vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels exclusive to yolk sac tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels is exclusive to yolk sac tumors, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bowel crypts of the patient significantly affected by antimetabolite treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the bowel crypts of the patient appear to be significantly affected by antimetabolite treatment, as evidenced by the shrunken and dropped out crypts in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bowel crypts of the patient significantly affected by antimetabolite treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the bowel crypts of the patient are not significantly affected by antimetabolite treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myxoid liposarcoma cells usually characterized by multi-vaculated structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myxoid liposarcoma cells are not typically characterized by multi-vaculated structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myxoid liposarcoma cells usually characterized by multi-vaculated structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows myxoid liposarcoma cells with multi-vaculated structures. However, it is important to note that the presence of these structures may not be typical for all myxoid liposarcoma cases. The image is just one example, and the characteristics of myxoid liposarcoma cells can vary depending on the specific case and the stage of the disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas be ruled out based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, based on the provided information, the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas can be ruled out." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas be ruled out based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of a tumor in the adjacent pancreas cannot be ruled out based on this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_e4fdee33-99a1-40e0-bd6b-d2bb6c668f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basosquamous carcinoma commonly found in the sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, basosquamous carcinoma can be found in the sebaceous glands, but it is not the most common type of cancer in this location. It is important to note that the prevalence of basosquamous carcinoma in sebaceous glands may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and other risk factors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is basosquamous carcinoma commonly found in the sebaceous glands?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows basosquamous carcinoma in the sebaceous glands. However, it is important to note that basosquamous carcinoma is not commonly found in the sebaceous glands. It is a rare type of skin cancer that can occur in various locations on the body. The presence of basosquamous carcinoma in the sebaceous glands is an unusual finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a spindle cell lipoma typically found in the muscle of facial expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spindle cell lipomas are typically found in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck, shoulder, and upper extremity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a spindle cell lipoma typically found in the muscle of facial expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a spindle cell lipoma in the muscle of facial expression. So, the answer is yes, spindle cell lipomas can be found in the muscle of facial expression." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spindle cell lipomas commonly associated with facial expressions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spindle cell lipomas are not commonly associated with facial expressions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spindle cell lipomas commonly associated with facial expressions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a spindle cell lipoma, which is a benign fatty tumor composed of spindle-shaped cells. However, there is no mention of facial expressions in the context provided. It is not clear if spindle cell lipomas are commonly associated with facial expressions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_212d2b89-c98e-4014-9c83-f572fbfb4b0b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stasis vascular changes can lead to spindled fibroblasts in the background and mimic Kaposi sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cells with pink cytoplasm exclusive to sweat gland tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cells with pink cytoplasm are not exclusive to sweat gland tumors. They can also be found in other conditions, such as spindled fibroblasts in the background of stasis vascular changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stasis vascular changes can lead to spindled fibroblasts in the background and mimic Kaposi sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cells with pink cytoplasm exclusive to sweat gland tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that cells with pink cytoplasm are exclusive to sweat gland tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign angiofibroma or fibrous papule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described as malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion is described as benign, which means it is not cancerous." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign angiofibroma or fibrous papule. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described as malignant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lesion is described as malignant." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RdLv4BcZjig_image_e441fcd9-5394-42e7-8246-eb498af35566.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD10 positive staining, BCL6, and BCL2 can confirm the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does follicular lymphoma typically involve the chest cavity directly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, follicular lymphoma typically involves the chest cavity indirectly, through the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD10 positive staining, BCL6, and BCL2 can confirm the diagnosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does follicular lymphoma typically involve the chest cavity directly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of follicular lymphoma involving the chest cavity directly." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant presence of neutrophils in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show a significant presence of neutrophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant presence of neutrophils in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows a significant presence of neutrophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patients with multiple trichilemmomas may have syndromes like Cowden's. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are desmoplastic trichilemmoma and basal cell carcinoma histologically identical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, desmoplastic trichilemmoma and basal cell carcinoma are not histologically identical. They are two different types of skin tumors with distinct histological features." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Patients with multiple trichilemmomas may have syndromes like Cowden's. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are desmoplastic trichilemmoma and basal cell carcinoma histologically identical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that desmoplastic trichilemmoma and basal cell carcinoma have histologically identical features. This means that when examined under a microscope, the tissue samples from both conditions appear very similar." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medullary sinus typically found in the outer cortex of the lymph node?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the medullary sinus is typically found in the inner cortex of the lymph node." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No reactive lymph node is present in the area. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the medullary sinus typically found in the outer cortex of the lymph node?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The medullary sinus is typically found in the inner cortex of the lymph node." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cervical gland have a stratified squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cervical gland does not have a stratified squamous epithelium. Instead, it has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the cervical gland have a stratified squamous epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a cervical gland with a stratified squamous epithelium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Qe4oBGFx-PU_image_8dba0fea-3500-43cf-be9b-4544c717101d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lining epithelium of the bladder is a transitional epithelium that is expandable and impermeable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils mentioned as a type of cell present in the hidrocystoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not mentioned in the hidrocystoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lining epithelium of the bladder is a transitional epithelium that is expandable and impermeable. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils mentioned as a type of cell present in the hidrocystoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are mentioned as a type of cell present in the hidrocystoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_3049b321-5416-4e4b-adc4-a421661aa8b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cells other than thyroid cells synthesize thyroglobulin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cells other than thyroid cells synthesize thyroglobulin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that only thyroid cells synthesize thyroglobulin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_3049b321-5416-4e4b-adc4-a421661aa8b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells involved in thyroglobulin synthesis found exclusively in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells involved in thyroglobulin synthesis are not found exclusively in the chest. They are also present in other sections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells involved in thyroglobulin synthesis found exclusively in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the cells involved in thyroglobulin synthesis are found exclusively in the chest." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_30f8f965-d268-46c3-8db7-7f60860ad1e7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type in Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the predominant cell type in Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). The predominant cell type in DFSP is spindle cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the predominant cell type in Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are the predominant cell type in Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_cce4ea60-2c7f-4749-a001-e6c32aa8445d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These pink blobs are also known as apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes, cytoid bodies, savant bodies, or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, depending on the clinical disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spongiotic dermatitis patterns typically seen in bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, spongiotic dermatitis patterns are not typically seen in bacterial infections. This pattern is more commonly associated with viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. These pink blobs are also known as apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes, cytoid bodies, savant bodies, or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, depending on the clinical disease. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are spongiotic dermatitis patterns typically seen in bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spongiotic dermatitis pattern is typically seen in viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. It is not commonly associated with bacterial infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis. The primary type of inflammatory cell in this condition is the histiocyte." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that neutrophils are the primary type of inflammatory cell seen in paracoccidioidomycosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "iOmgObcs59o_image_7cfe5548-b04c-4bf5-a179-b29a9d98b436.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteophytes develop at the sites where joint capsules insert into the bone, and at the junction of synovial insertion into the base of the femoral neck or in the proximal portion of the tibia next to the plateau. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ossifying fibroma tumors generally aggressive in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ossifying fibroma tumors are generally considered to be benign and non-aggressive. They are typically slow-growing and do not usually spread to other parts of the body. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteophytes develop at the sites where joint capsules insert into the bone, and at the junction of synovial insertion into the base of the femoral neck or in the proximal portion of the tibia next to the plateau. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ossifying fibroma tumors generally aggressive in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of an ossifying fibroma tumor. However, without more information or context, it is difficult to determine the aggressiveness of the tumor. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to assess the tumor's characteristics and behavior, as well as to determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does melanoma in situ invade the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, melanoma in situ does not invade the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does melanoma in situ invade the dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of melanoma in situ, which is a non-invasive form of skin cancer. In this case, the melanoma has not invaded the dermis, as it is confined to the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial layer an indicator of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of a myoepithelial layer in the image is an indicator of a benign condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial layer an indicator of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of a myoepithelial layer in the histopathology image is not necessarily an indicator of a benign condition. It is important to consider the overall context of the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic findings to determine the nature of the condition. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial layer typically found in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the myoepithelial layer is typically not found in malignant tumors. It is more commonly seen in benign tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the myoepithelial layer typically found in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The myoepithelial layer is typically found in benign tumors, such as pleomorphic adenomas. However, it is not typically found in malignant tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7AKAeO0mMVM_image_2dab908a-159f-45fa-8b6f-747e7d91b312.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of hyperchromatic scattered cells, some of which are large and others are bland and spindle-shaped. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mucin commonly found in the cytoplasm of spindle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mucin is not commonly found in the cytoplasm of spindle cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of hyperchromatic scattered cells, some of which are large and others are bland and spindle-shaped. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mucin commonly found in the cytoplasm of spindle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mucin is commonly found in the cytoplasm of spindle cells in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_b17a555d-01c4-423b-9cda-3e84450a575c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hepar staining useful for diagnosing liver-related conditions in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hepar staining can be useful for diagnosing liver-related conditions in chest pathology. It is a technique that helps to identify the presence of liver tissue in the chest pathology sample. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Hepar staining useful for diagnosing liver-related conditions in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that Hepar staining is not useful for diagnosing liver-related conditions in chest pathology. the image suggests that the staining technique is not effective in this context." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the infiltration of cancer cells make it easy to remove all cancer cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltration of cancer cells makes it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the infiltration of cancer cells make it easy to remove all cancer cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the infiltration of cancer cells makes it difficult to remove all cancer cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Wfi2LhyV2fY_image_faeff163-9b9f-4031-b4fb-ab8cef68a7aa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid aggregates commonly present in chronic endometritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphoid aggregates are not commonly present in chronic endometritis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diagnosis of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphoid aggregates commonly present in chronic endometritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphoid aggregates are commonly present in chronic endometritis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_911697f5-66ae-49b5-9bde-2382dd7c57d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ballooning degeneration exclusively caused by nutritional factors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ballooning degeneration can be caused by various factors, including viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ballooning degeneration exclusively caused by nutritional factors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that nutritional factors may play a role in ballooning degeneration. However, it is important to note that other factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, can also contribute to the development of this condition. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes of ballooning degeneration would require further research and analysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_911697f5-66ae-49b5-9bde-2382dd7c57d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ballooning degeneration occur due to bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ballooning degeneration is not caused by bacterial infections. It can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does ballooning degeneration occur due to bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that ballooning degeneration can occur due to bacterial infections. However, it is important to note that ballooning degeneration can also be caused by other factors, such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, or other skin conditions. It is essential to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_544df297-f3ee-41cd-99c8-46c60adee544.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adrenal rest considered a spindle cell tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adrenal rest is not considered a spindle cell tumor. It is a benign lesion that can be found in various organs, including the testes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adrenal rest considered a spindle cell tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adrenal rest is considered a spindle cell tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JDgqG00hpdw_image_e6a90d60-589a-4dd8-945c-2f49a927cdc4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and giant cells are present in the nose. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulomatous inflammation typically associated with acute infections in the nose?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granulomatous inflammation is not typically associated with acute infections in the nose. It is more commonly associated with chronic infections or other inflammatory conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and giant cells are present in the nose. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is granulomatous inflammation typically associated with acute infections in the nose?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Granulomatous inflammation is typically associated with chronic infections in the nose." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_74634f95-461b-4bb5-a43c-1767aa542f05.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of mucin in the tissue section, indicating systemic lupus erythematosus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis a connective tissue disorder mentioned in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, rheumatoid arthritis is not a connective tissue disorder mentioned in the differential diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of mucin in the tissue section, indicating systemic lupus erythematosus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis a connective tissue disorder mentioned in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, rheumatoid arthritis is a connective tissue disorder mentioned in the differential diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_03b2a166-0981-44eb-b2c7-9b0f8c8546e1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DFSP a type of neural neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DFSP is not a type of neural neoplasm. It is a rare skin tumor that arises from the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DFSP a type of neural neoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, DFSP stands for Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, which is a type of neural neoplasm. It is a rare skin cancer that arises from the nerve sheath." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion on the breast identified as melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lesion on the breast was identified as a benign nevus, which is a non-cancerous mole-like growth." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion on the breast identified as melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lesion on the breast is identified as melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_e4515178-c6fb-450d-b43b-560f29cfcb4e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium in this part of the gut is a simple columnar epithelium with multiple mucous-secreting goblet cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are binucleated hepatocytes unique to diseased livers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, binucleated hepatocytes can also be found in normal livers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium in this part of the gut is a simple columnar epithelium with multiple mucous-secreting goblet cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are binucleated hepatocytes unique to diseased livers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows binucleated hepatocytes, which are liver cells with two nuclei. These cells are present in the diseased liver. However, it is important to note that binucleated hepatocytes can also be found in healthy livers, although they are less common. The presence of binucleated hepatocytes in a liver biopsy can be an important diagnostic clue, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic keratinocytes, also known as Civatte bodies, present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, necrotic keratinocytes, also known as Civatte bodies, are present in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are necrotic keratinocytes, also known as Civatte bodies, present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show the presence of necrotic keratinocytes, also known as Civatte bodies." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show evidence of lichen planus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows evidence of lichen planus, which is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show evidence of lichen planus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show evidence of lichen planus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an absence of papillary dermal fibrosis in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image shows the presence of papillary dermal fibrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an absence of papillary dermal fibrosis in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows an absence of papillary dermal fibrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_7e915a02-04e4-4cec-95ab-e0dcb80dc2e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Paneth cells typically found in the upper layers of the small intestine crypts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Paneth cells are typically found at the base of the crypts of the small intestine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Paneth cells typically found in the upper layers of the small intestine crypts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Paneth cells are typically found in the upper layers of the small intestine crypts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pagetoid spread indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of pagetoid spread is not indicative of a benign condition. It is more commonly associated with malignant melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of pagetoid spread indicative of a benign condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of pagetoid spread in the image is consistent with a benign condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pagetoid spread typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pagetoid spread is not typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions. It is more commonly associated with neoplastic or malignant conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pagetoid spread typically seen in non-neoplastic lesions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of a lesion with pagetoid spread. Pagetoid spread is a pattern of cell growth and migration that can be seen in certain types of lesions, both neoplastic (cancerous) and non-neoplastic (non-cancerous). However, it is important to note that the presence of pagetoid spread alone is not enough to determine whether a lesion is neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_eb9f1aee-d5a8-47e8-ac69-af3a828843f6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of residual junctional component and absence of pagitoid spread, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of a non-Merkel cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Merkel cell carcinoma characterized by an epithelioid phenotype?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Merkel cell carcinoma is not characterized by an epithelioid phenotype. It is important to note that the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma should be based on the histopathological features of the tumor, as well as clinical and immunohistochemical findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of residual junctional component and absence of pagitoid spread, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of a non-Merkel cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Merkel cell carcinoma characterized by an epithelioid phenotype?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of Merkel cell carcinoma, which is characterized by an epithelioid phenotype. This means that the cancer cells in the image have features that resemble normal epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6KAsedOyORw_image_eb9f1aee-d5a8-47e8-ac69-af3a828843f6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of residual junctional component and absence of pagitoid spread, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of a non-Merkel cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Merkel cell carcinoma typically produce brown pigment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Merkel cell carcinoma does not typically produce brown pigment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Discussion of residual junctional component and absence of pagitoid spread, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of a non-Merkel cell carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Merkel cell carcinoma typically produce brown pigment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a Merkel cell carcinoma with brown pigment. However, it is important to note that not all Merkel cell carcinomas produce brown pigment. The presence of brown pigment in this particular case is an unusual feature." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schiller-Dublin bodies typically found in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Schiller-Dublin bodies are not typically found in benign conditions. They are more commonly associated with malignant conditions, such as yolk sac tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schiller-Dublin bodies typically found in benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Schiller-Dublin bodies are typically found in benign conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does epithelial hyperplasia indicate a decrease in cell layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelial hyperplasia is a condition where there is an increase in the number of cells in the epithelial layer, leading to a thickening of the tissue. This is not a decrease in cell layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does epithelial hyperplasia indicate a decrease in cell layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a decrease in cell layers in the epithelial hyperplasia. This means that there is a reduction in the number of cell layers in the affected area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are squamous cells seen in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, squamous cells are not seen in the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are squamous cells seen in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of squamous cells in the lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium in the lesion consistent with intestinal lining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epithelium in the lesion is gastric pit type, which is not consistent with intestinal lining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epithelium in the lesion consistent with intestinal lining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epithelium in the lesion appears to be consistent with intestinal lining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enterocytes primarily located in the dermal layer of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, enterocytes are primarily located in the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract, not in the dermal layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are enterocytes primarily located in the dermal layer of the skin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows enterocytes primarily located in the epidermal layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_0fdb6802-764b-497a-b512-75847b2df4c0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the tubule primarily lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the tubule are primarily mucous-secreting cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the tubule primarily lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the tubule are primarily lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_c909f61f-4730-4aed-8f3f-59b2e2df0d5c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of robust, well-formed granulomas may indicate infection instead of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the granular material within the tubular casts stain for lysozyme?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granular material within the tubular casts stains positive for lysozyme." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of robust, well-formed granulomas may indicate infection instead of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the granular material within the tubular casts stain for lysozyme?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The granular material within the tubular casts does not stain for lysozyme." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_2fdca5cd-6d5f-4c21-9a46-c7e6d6286794.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mycosis fungoides characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the vacuoles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mycosis fungoides is characterized by the presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is mycosis fungoides characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the vacuoles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathology of mycosis fungoides, which is characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the vacuoles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_2fdca5cd-6d5f-4c21-9a46-c7e6d6286794.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do vacuoles in mycosis fungoides contain eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the vacuoles in mycosis fungoides do not contain eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do vacuoles in mycosis fungoides contain eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the vacuoles in mycosis fungoides contain eosinophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_776439ff-a06e-480d-acb1-9a948b05117a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elastin staining with BBG highlights the hyaline fat necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyaline fat necrosis be identified without the presence of fat cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hyaline fat necrosis cannot be identified without the presence of fat cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elastin staining with BBG highlights the hyaline fat necrosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hyaline fat necrosis be identified without the presence of fat cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hyaline fat necrosis can be identified without the presence of fat cells. The image shows a histopathological examination of a lesion, and the presence of hyaline fat necrosis can be determined by examining the tissue structure and the presence of certain features, such as the presence of hyaline material and the absence of viable fat cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_541a715b-6e94-4f9a-ae82-ea7a01e44f2d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an abundance of air spaces visible in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no abundance of air spaces visible in the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an abundance of air spaces visible in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the lungs, and it appears that there is an abundance of air spaces. This finding is consistent with the diagnosis of pneumonia, which is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_541a715b-6e94-4f9a-ae82-ea7a01e44f2d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lungs free from fibrotic changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lungs are not free from fibrotic changes, as the diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lungs free from fibrotic changes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the lungs are free from fibrotic changes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "RZCejVnirAo_image_f8ecf050-14b6-4014-92bb-501d3272333e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the spleen as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the human body, located in the abdominal cavity under the left part of the diaphragm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the myofibroblasts found within the parenchyma of the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the myofibroblasts are not found within the parenchyma of the spleen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the spleen as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the human body, located in the abdominal cavity under the left part of the diaphragm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the myofibroblasts found within the parenchyma of the spleen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the myofibroblasts are found within the parenchyma of the spleen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VJ5zqIhrEJg_image_e9b0627a-0f84-4010-a00f-04f0a2f67f41.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, with fibroblasts and histiocytes being the predominant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the abnormal cells appear pre-neoplastic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the abnormal cells do not appear pre-neoplastic in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, with fibroblasts and histiocytes being the predominant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the abnormal cells appear pre-neoplastic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the abnormal cells in the image appear to be pre-neoplastic." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "VJ5zqIhrEJg_image_e9b0627a-0f84-4010-a00f-04f0a2f67f41.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, with fibroblasts and histiocytes being the predominant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the abnormal cells are potentially neoplastic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image and report do not show any indication that the abnormal cells are potentially neoplastic. The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, which means it is not cancerous." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, with fibroblasts and histiocytes being the predominant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the abnormal cells are potentially neoplastic?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows abnormal cells with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and a high mitotic count. These features can be indicative of potentially neoplastic cells. However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and analysis by a healthcare professional would be necessary to confirm the presence of neoplastic cells and determine the nature of the abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the disappearance of underlying cells an indicator of an invasive lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the disappearance of underlying cells in the image may be an indicator of an invasive lesion. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the disappearance of underlying cells an indicator of an invasive lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The disappearance of underlying cells in the histopathology image is not an indicator of an invasive lesion. It is a normal finding in the context of this particular image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells indicative of a hematologic malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells in the image are not indicative of a hematologic malignancy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells indicative of a hematologic malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a tumor, and the cells are indicative of a hematologic malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "tmIl2DljO14_image_97d1ff39-65db-4d88-a51a-7e64789da99f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of melanoma in the reticular dermis with an infiltrate that is likely to be melanoma as well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can dermatitis herpetiformis be associated with a purely histiocytic infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermatitis herpetiformis is not associated with a purely histiocytic infiltrate. The histopathological features of dermatitis herpetiformis are different from those of a purely histiocytic infiltrate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of melanoma in the reticular dermis with an infiltrate that is likely to be melanoma as well. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can dermatitis herpetiformis be associated with a purely histiocytic infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a case of dermatitis herpetiformis associated with a purely histiocytic infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hailey Hailey disease be diagnosed using immunofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Hailey Hailey disease cannot be diagnosed using immunofluorescence, as the image and reference report indicate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hailey Hailey disease be diagnosed using immunofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, immunofluorescence can be used to help diagnose Hailey Hailey disease. Immunofluorescence is a technique that uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific proteins or antigens in tissue samples. In the context of Hailey Hailey disease, immunofluorescence can help identify the presence of specific markers, such as desmoplakin, which is a protein involved in the formation of desmosomes, the intercellular junctions that connect keratinocytes in the epidermis. By detecting these markers, immunofluorescence can provide valuable information to support the diagnosis of Hailey Hailey disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils a predominant feature in Hailey Hailey disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not a predominant feature in Hailey Hailey disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils a predominant feature in Hailey Hailey disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that neutrophils are a predominant feature in Hailey Hailey disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_38b50799-4541-4c9c-906f-00690612e0ae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a differentiated liposarcoma typically have a uniform appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a differentiated liposarcoma typically has a non-uniform appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a differentiated liposarcoma typically have a uniform appearance?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a differentiated liposarcoma with a uniform appearance." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance observed next to the olivary nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spongy appearance is observed next to the olivary nucleus in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spongy appearance observed next to the olivary nucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spongy appearance is not observed next to the olivary nucleus in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are purple and calcium deposits in a tumor exclusive to osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, purple and calcium deposits in a tumor are not exclusive to osteosarcoma. These deposits can also be seen in other types of tumors, such as chondrosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are purple and calcium deposits in a tumor exclusive to osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows purple and calcium deposits in a tumor. However, it is important to note that these deposits are not exclusive to osteosarcoma. They can also be found in other types of tumors. The presence of these deposits alone is not sufficient to determine the specific type of tumor. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the lack of osteoid production rule out osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lack of osteoid production cannot rule out osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that can be characterized by various histological features, including the presence or absence of osteoid production. It is important to consider the overall clinical picture and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the lack of osteoid production rule out osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lack of osteoid production in the histopathological image can rule out osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is psoriasiform acanthosis a type of psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, psoriasiform acanthosis is not a type of psoriasis. It is a histopathological finding that can be seen in certain skin conditions, but it is not a specific type of psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin, while psoriasiform acanthosis refers to a skin condition that resembles psoriasis in terms of its histopathological appearance, but is not the same condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is psoriasiform acanthosis a type of psoriasis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, psoriasiform acanthosis is a type of psoriasis. It is a skin condition characterized by the presence of psoriasis-like changes in the skin, such as redness, scaling, and thickening of the skin. However, it is important to note that psoriasiform acanthosis is not the same as psoriasis, as it is not a true form of the disease. Instead, it is a term used to describe skin changes that resemble psoriasis but are not caused by the same underlying condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w4c6TWt7Wbo_image_7688d478-c3a8-4854-a49f-68bb8de7e700.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can osteoclasts eat bone without being activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoclasts cannot eat bone without being activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can osteoclasts eat bone without being activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows osteoclasts eating bone without being activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "w4c6TWt7Wbo_image_7688d478-c3a8-4854-a49f-68bb8de7e700.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteolytic lesions caused by cells other than osteoclasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteolytic lesions are caused by osteoclasts, which are the only cells that can eat bone." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteolytic lesions caused by cells other than osteoclasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that osteolytic lesions are caused by cells other than osteoclasts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gslxpM8tZjI_image_27140f7f-59c3-44d5-9ab3-c0997230f105.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor being described is a cellular myxoma, which closely mimics a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not a high-grade malignancy. It is a low-grade malignancy, which is a less aggressive form of cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor being described is a cellular myxoma, which closely mimics a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor a high-grade malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tumor in the image is a low-grade malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_75d66010-79ac-4c40-9c90-1bef19050646.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neural invasion in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and the provided reference reports show evidence of neural invasion in the lesion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of neural invasion in the lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the lesion, and it appears that there is no evidence of neural invasion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_75d66010-79ac-4c40-9c90-1bef19050646.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei highly pleomorphic in this lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei in this lesion are not highly pleomorphic." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei highly pleomorphic in this lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in this lesion are highly pleomorphic." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bhAdg0NfxW4_image_8373b3ff-066d-42a5-a0cf-76dbae620b4b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histiocytes packed together in a tight layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histiocytes are packed together but not in a tight layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histiocytes packed together in a tight layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histiocytes are packed together in a tight layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bhAdg0NfxW4_image_8373b3ff-066d-42a5-a0cf-76dbae620b4b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the synovium primarily consist of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the synovium primarily consists of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the synovium primarily consist of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the synovium primarily consists of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rNKX-r-lQC8_image_06f8745e-7b18-4bd9-aac2-d7e95de548c9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction shows production of IgE and recruitment of inflammatory cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute allergic interstitial nephritis typically a chronic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, acute allergic interstitial nephritis is typically a self-limiting condition, meaning it usually resolves on its own without the need for long-term treatment. However, it is important to monitor the patient's condition and provide appropriate care and support during the acute phase." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction shows production of IgE and recruitment of inflammatory cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute allergic interstitial nephritis typically a chronic condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of acute allergic interstitial nephritis, which is typically a self-limiting condition. This means that it is not usually a chronic condition and may resolve on its own over time. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management of the condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas primarily a skin condition without any risk of systemic disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. This means that tuberous xanthomas may not only be a skin condition but can also be a sign of an underlying systemic disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas primarily a skin condition without any risk of systemic disease?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of tuberous xanthomas, which are benign skin lesions. While they are primarily a skin condition, it is important to note that they can be associated with underlying systemic diseases. In some cases, tuberous xanthomas may be a sign of an underlying lipid metabolism disorder or other systemic conditions. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these skin lesions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas are not typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels. They are more commonly associated with high cholesterol levels and other lipid systemic abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tuberous xanthomas typically found in patients with low cholesterol levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tuberous xanthoma in a patient with low cholesterol levels. However, it is important to note that tuberous xanthomas can be found in patients with both high and low cholesterol levels. The presence of tuberous xanthomas in a patient with low cholesterol levels may be an exception, but it is not typical." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_f490998f-b4d2-4c8e-9655-6bc05f89a18e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferation of basaloid cells with cystic structures and a fibrous stroma is indicative of trichoepithelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is squamous cell carcinoma included in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, squamous cell carcinoma is not included in the differential diagnosis for this particular case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferation of basaloid cells with cystic structures and a fibrous stroma is indicative of trichoepithelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is squamous cell carcinoma included in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, squamous cell carcinoma is included in the differential diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_f490998f-b4d2-4c8e-9655-6bc05f89a18e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferation of basaloid cells with cystic structures and a fibrous stroma is indicative of trichoepithelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is melanoma included in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, melanoma is not included in the differential diagnosis for this particular case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Proliferation of basaloid cells with cystic structures and a fibrous stroma is indicative of trichoepithelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is melanoma included in the differential diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, melanoma is included in the differential diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_4f6f7384-7f8b-4a15-903f-4321e4821b8f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to diagnose malignant transformation of a neurofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the absence of nuclear pleomorphism sufficient to rule out malignant transformation in a neurofibroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the absence of nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to rule out malignant transformation of a neurofibroma. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to diagnose malignant transformation of a neurofibroma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the absence of nuclear pleomorphism sufficient to rule out malignant transformation in a neurofibroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the absence of nuclear pleomorphism in the histopathological image is sufficient to rule out malignant transformation in a neurofibroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the expanded zone definitely due to tangential sectioning?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the expanded zone is not definitely due to tangential sectioning." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the expanded zone definitely due to tangential sectioning?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the expanded zone in the image is likely due to tangential sectioning." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid type has uniform proliferation of atypical cells without cribriform architecture \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does DCIS of papillary type typically involve the invasion of cancer cells into surrounding breast tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DCIS of papillary type typically does not involve the invasion of cancer cells into surrounding breast tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid type has uniform proliferation of atypical cells without cribriform architecture \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does DCIS of papillary type typically involve the invasion of cancer cells into surrounding breast tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows DCIS of papillary type, which is a non-invasive breast cancer. In this case, the cancer cells have not invaded the surrounding breast tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_ad6dfa98-0406-45c3-baaf-b7b11834ceb5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of infiltrative glands makes the diagnosis difficult. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are histiocytes mentioned in the context of this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, histiocytes are not mentioned in the context of this chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of infiltrative glands makes the diagnosis difficult. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are histiocytes mentioned in the context of this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, histiocytes are mentioned in the context of this chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are underlying compound nevi usually found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, underlying compound nevi are usually found in the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are underlying compound nevi usually found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the underlying compound nevi are typically found in the epidermis, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils predominantly present in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrate is predominantly composed of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils predominantly present in the infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that neutrophils are predominantly present in the infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of eosinophils significant in this infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of eosinophils in the infiltrate is not significant in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of eosinophils significant in this infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of eosinophils in the infiltrate is significant. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune system, particularly in response to allergies, infections, and inflammation. Their presence in the infiltrate may indicate an underlying immune response or an inflammatory process. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d3e3b103-d7a3-4cbc-8251-f074183a45bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are concentric calcifications generally found in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, concentric calcifications are not generally found in malignant tumors. They are more commonly associated with benign or non-cancerous growths." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are concentric calcifications generally found in malignant tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological picture of a malignant tumor with concentric calcifications. However, it is important to note that the presence of concentric calcifications in a malignant tumor is not a definitive diagnostic feature. While they can be found in some malignant tumors, they can also be seen in benign tumors or other conditions. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of these calcifications in the context of the specific case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_3900c56f-66d2-4abc-b0f6-c38fdc8677ad.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molecular testing is used when struggling to differentiate between tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxoid chondrosarcoma typically a fast-growing tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myxoid chondrosarcoma is typically a slow-growing tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Molecular testing is used when struggling to differentiate between tumors. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxoid chondrosarcoma typically a fast-growing tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that myxoid chondrosarcoma is generally considered to be a slow-growing tumor. However, it is important to note that the growth rate of a tumor can vary depending on the specific case and individual factors. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High grade dysplasia is present in the squamous epithelium and some endocervical glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is low grade dysplasia observed in the squamous epithelium in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, low grade dysplasia is not observed in the squamous epithelium in the provided chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High grade dysplasia is present in the squamous epithelium and some endocervical glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is low grade dysplasia observed in the squamous epithelium in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, low grade dysplasia is observed in the squamous epithelium in the provided chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_81973c04-dbf4-417c-9bb7-0dad20410f1b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Infiltrate of cells in the dermis with a grayish pink or grayish blue color may indicate histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tuberous xanthomas commonly appear in individuals with normal serum lipid profiles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tuberous xanthomas are more commonly found in individuals with abnormal serum lipid profiles, such as high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Infiltrate of cells in the dermis with a grayish pink or grayish blue color may indicate histiocytes. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do tuberous xanthomas commonly appear in individuals with normal serum lipid profiles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tuberous xanthoma in a patient with a normal serum lipid profile. While it is not common for tuberous xanthomas to appear in individuals with normal serum lipid profiles, it is not impossible. Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with various underlying conditions, including genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, or other factors. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cozARb39Jl0_image_82808afb-2dc7-4d9c-8f74-5d0c14ed166f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are characteristic features of alcohol fixation visible under low power?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the characteristic features of alcohol fixation are not visible under low power. They are only visible under high power." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are characteristic features of alcohol fixation visible under low power?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the characteristic features of alcohol fixation are visible under low power in the histopathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "cozARb39Jl0_image_82808afb-2dc7-4d9c-8f74-5d0c14ed166f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alcohol fixation result in hemolysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, alcohol fixation can result in hemolysis, which is the breakdown of red blood cells. This is one of the characteristic features of alcohol fixation in histopathological images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does alcohol fixation result in hemolysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, alcohol fixation does not result in hemolysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_713acef2-55b3-45e3-8701-24703cde912b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 marker can be useful for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immune deposits a primary feature of nodular glomerulosclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, immune deposits are not a primary feature of nodular glomerulosclerosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD34 marker can be useful for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immune deposits a primary feature of nodular glomerulosclerosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of a kidney biopsy, which is consistent with nodular glomerulosclerosis. However, immune deposits are not a primary feature of this condition. Instead, the primary feature of nodular glomerulosclerosis is the presence of nodular glomerular sclerosis, which is characterized by the thickening and scarring of the glomeruli in the kidney." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_2fc7c927-4ba4-444a-8327-f5b5e8ef61e3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Molluscum contagiosum usually cause a significant inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Molluscum contagiosum typically does not cause a significant inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Molluscum contagiosum usually cause a significant inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that Molluscum contagiosum can cause a significant inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_d6ce53ab-3831-4010-82fd-7ef55c456f35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hypercellular fascicles with mitotic activity are concerning for transformation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the loss of S100 expression suggest a benign lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the loss of S100 expression in the image does not suggest a benign lesion. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hypercellular fascicles with mitotic activity are concerning for transformation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the loss of S100 expression suggest a benign lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The loss of S100 expression in the image suggests a benign lesion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_5888a664-02cb-435b-83d9-101710c285b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilated lactiferous ducts a common feature of the mammary gland during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dilated lactiferous ducts are a common feature of the mammary gland during pregnancy. They are part of the normal physiological changes that occur in the mammary gland as it prepares for lactation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dilated lactiferous ducts a common feature of the mammary gland during pregnancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows dilated lactiferous ducts, which are not a common feature of the mammary gland during pregnancy. The histological appearance of the mammary gland during pregnancy is typically different from what is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_f8cd70aa-e3de-48b9-ae2b-7b69f4077702.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy of a Gottron papule in dermatomyositis shows almost no inflammation but some alteration of the DE junction with telangiectasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lymphocytic interface dermatitis typically associated with bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytic interface dermatitis is not typically associated with bacterial infections. It is a histopathological finding that can be seen in various skin conditions, including autoimmune diseases like dermatomyositis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy of a Gottron papule in dermatomyositis shows almost no inflammation but some alteration of the DE junction with telangiectasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lymphocytic interface dermatitis typically associated with bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows lymphocytic interface dermatitis, which is a skin condition characterized by inflammation at the junction between the epidermis and dermis. It is typically associated with viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. However, it is important to note that lymphocytic interface dermatitis can also be caused by other factors, such as autoimmune diseases or certain medications. To determine the specific cause of the condition in a particular case, further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_f8cd70aa-e3de-48b9-ae2b-7b69f4077702.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy of a Gottron papule in dermatomyositis shows almost no inflammation but some alteration of the DE junction with telangiectasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic interface dermatitis commonly occur in individuals without connective tissue diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytic interface dermatitis is more commonly observed in individuals with connective tissue diseases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biopsy of a Gottron papule in dermatomyositis shows almost no inflammation but some alteration of the DE junction with telangiectasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic interface dermatitis commonly occur in individuals without connective tissue diseases?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytic interface dermatitis can occur in individuals without connective tissue diseases." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth. The primary type of cell found in the nodular growth is the clear cell with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that eosinophils are the primary type of cell found in the nodular growth." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "k-3ZRskS9QA_image_de466d9b-d564-41f1-8bd0-c8c53ff89727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type present in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary cell type present in this tumor is astrocytic, as indicated by the GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cell type present in this tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that lymphocytes are the primary cell type present in this tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "k-3ZRskS9QA_image_de466d9b-d564-41f1-8bd0-c8c53ff89727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor is not located in the epidermis. It is located in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor is located in the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ductal epithelial hyperplasia typically found in the alveolar sacs of the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ductal epithelial hyperplasia is not typically found in the alveolar sacs of the lungs. It is more commonly found in the breast tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ductal epithelial hyperplasia typically found in the alveolar sacs of the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows ductal epithelial hyperplasia in the alveolar sacs of the lungs. However, it is important to note that ductal epithelial hyperplasia is not typically found in the alveolar sacs of the lungs. It is more commonly found in the salivary glands. The presence of ductal epithelial hyperplasia in the alveolar sacs of the lungs in this particular image may be an unusual finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mature neural glial tissue necessary for a conclusive diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of mature neural glial tissue is not necessary for a conclusive diagnosis. The absence of immature neural glial tissue, as mentioned in the reference report, can be an important finding, but it is not the only factor that can be used to make a diagnosis. Other clinical and pathological information, as well as the patient's medical history and symptoms, should also be considered when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of mature neural glial tissue necessary for a conclusive diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mature neural glial tissue is necessary for a conclusive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image lack immature neural glial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image lacks immature neural glial tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. No immature neural glial tissue is seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image lack immature neural glial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show any immature neural glial tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Bb8VhrGlRO0_image_913cdc90-2455-490b-bfe6-ac2989b6693c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this cross section show the cell body of neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cross section in the image does not show the cell body of neurons. It shows the endoneurium, which is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this cross section show the cell body of neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cross section of the spinal cord in the image shows the cell body of neurons." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Bb8VhrGlRO0_image_913cdc90-2455-490b-bfe6-ac2989b6693c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can dendrites be observed in this particular cross section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dendrites cannot be observed in this particular cross section." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can dendrites be observed in this particular cross section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dendrites can be observed in this particular cross section." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ty52S8NMOeU_image_3b0d0ecb-da9d-4dab-8b97-9d8c13b2737b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells found in the adjacent neuropil?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelial cells are not found in the adjacent neuropil." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelial cells found in the adjacent neuropil?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of epithelial cells in the adjacent neuropil." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_a8853fa9-f4d3-4904-ac7a-8a9adc3712e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prominent stroma with clefts between the individual stromal aggregates and not between the epithelial aggregates and the stroma is a helpful finding in trichilemmal epitheliomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichilemmal epitheliomas always inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, trichilemmal epitheliomas can be sporadic, meaning they can occur without being inherited." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prominent stroma with clefts between the individual stromal aggregates and not between the epithelial aggregates and the stroma is a helpful finding in trichilemmal epitheliomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichilemmal epitheliomas always inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a trichilemmal epithelioma, which is a type of skin tumor. However, the inheritance pattern of trichilemmal epitheliomas can vary. Some cases may be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, while others may have a different inheritance pattern or occur sporadically. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the specific case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_a8853fa9-f4d3-4904-ac7a-8a9adc3712e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prominent stroma with clefts between the individual stromal aggregates and not between the epithelial aggregates and the stroma is a helpful finding in trichilemmal epitheliomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichilemmal epitheliomas exclusively found on the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, trichilemmal epitheliomas can be found on various parts of the body, not just the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prominent stroma with clefts between the individual stromal aggregates and not between the epithelial aggregates and the stroma is a helpful finding in trichilemmal epitheliomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are trichilemmal epitheliomas exclusively found on the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a trichilemmal epithelioma on the chest. However, it is important to note that trichilemmal epitheliomas can also be found on other parts of the body, such as the head, neck, and extremities. They are benign tumors that arise from the hair follicle and are composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAS stain highlights hypercellularity within the mesangium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAS stain highlights hypercellularity within the mesangium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAS stain highlights hypercellularity within the mesangium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show the presence of polymorphs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows the presence of polymorphs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PAS stain highlights hypercellularity within the mesangium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show the presence of polymorphs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show the presence of polymorphs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_6477aebb-3eea-4ea7-9710-61051f1d0be5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary to investigate the chest for metastasis when a patient has a primary smooth muscle sarcoma elsewhere?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important to investigate the chest for metastasis when a patient has a primary smooth muscle sarcoma elsewhere. This is because metastasis, or the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body, is a common feature of malignant tumors. By examining the chest for metastasis, healthcare professionals can better understand the extent of the disease and plan appropriate treatment strategies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it necessary to investigate the chest for metastasis when a patient has a primary smooth muscle sarcoma elsewhere?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It is not necessary to investigate the chest for metastasis when a patient has a primary smooth muscle sarcoma elsewhere." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_6477aebb-3eea-4ea7-9710-61051f1d0be5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are smooth muscle sarcomas typically found only in the primary site and not in other areas of the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, smooth muscle sarcomas can be found in various locations throughout the body. They are a type of cancer that arises from smooth muscle cells, which are responsible for involuntary muscle contractions. These tumors can occur in various organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and other areas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are smooth muscle sarcomas typically found only in the primary site and not in other areas of the body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a smooth muscle sarcoma in the primary site, which is the area where the tumor originated. However, it is important to note that smooth muscle sarcomas can sometimes spread to other areas of the body, a process known as metastasis. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as lymphatic or bloodstream spread. The presence of metastases in other areas of the body would depend on the specific case and the extent of the tumor's growth and spread." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls indicate an early-stage lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls is more commonly seen in later stage lesions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls indicate an early-stage lesion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls can be an indication of an early-stage lesion. Fibrin is a protein involved in blood clotting, and its presence in blood vessel walls may suggest an ongoing inflammatory or healing process. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_8f1dcfe0-653f-4b2c-8918-a02af3af9350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dermal duct tumors typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, dermal duct tumors are typically found in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dermal duct tumors typically found in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a dermal duct tumor in the epidermis. However, it is important to note that dermal duct tumors can also be found in other locations, such as the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. The specific location of a dermal duct tumor can vary depending on the individual case and the type of tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_527e1db2-5f20-49fc-a132-887e038c4c6d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal nevus is a benign hamartoma that is usually present since birth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of atrophy in the gastric body mucosa suggest an acute condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of atrophy in the gastric body mucosa does not necessarily suggest an acute condition. Atrophy can be a chronic process that occurs over time, and it may not always be associated with an acute condition. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Epidermal nevus is a benign hamartoma that is usually present since birth. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of atrophy in the gastric body mucosa suggest an acute condition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of atrophy in the gastric body mucosa suggests that there is a loss of tissue and a reduction in the size of the gastric body mucosa. This can be associated with various conditions, such as chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, or other gastrointestinal disorders. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "chx1gb1LuIc_image_32335a4e-4e9a-409e-b737-45317f96781b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The bright red-orange color seen in a tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Congo red stain specifically highlight bacterial infections in tissue sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Congo red stain specifically highlights amyloid protein in tissue sections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The bright red-orange color seen in a tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Congo red stain specifically highlight bacterial infections in tissue sections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Congo red stain is a histological staining technique used to visualize amyloid deposits in tissue sections. It does not specifically highlight bacterial infections. However, it can be used to identify certain types of amyloid deposits, such as those found in amyloidosis, a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein fragments called amyloids." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_b55e8341-2290-4b3c-9ab4-8c525def4f85.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate limited to the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrate is not limited to the epidermis. It involves the papillary and reticular dermis, which are layers of the skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate limited to the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The infiltrate appears to be limited to the epidermis, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_b55e8341-2290-4b3c-9ab4-8c525def4f85.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary cells found in the diffuse infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary cells found in the diffuse infiltrate. The primary cells found in the diffuse infiltrate are pale cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary cells found in the diffuse infiltrate?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are the primary cells found in the diffuse infiltrate in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_daa4201c-d37b-4d5e-9f47-d108a32a8746.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis primarily located in the subcutaneous layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis are primarily located in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis primarily located in the subcutaneous layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pustules in Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis are primarily located in the subcutaneous layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma usually filled with air?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma are not usually filled with air." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these pockets in myxofibrosarcoma usually filled with air?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pockets in the myxofibrosarcoma are usually filled with air." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma a type of benign tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, myxofibrosarcoma is a type of malignant tumor. It is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that arises from connective tissue, such as fibrous tissue or bone." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is myxofibrosarcoma a type of benign tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a myxofibrosarcoma, which is a type of malignant tumor. It is not a benign tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland primarily composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the prostate gland is primarily composed of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the prostate gland primarily composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a prostate gland that is primarily composed of lymphocytes and neutrophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are histiocytes the predominant cells in the prostate gland's stroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, histiocytes are not the predominant cells in the prostate gland's stroma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are histiocytes the predominant cells in the prostate gland's stroma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that histiocytes are the predominant cells in the prostate gland's stroma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should hemorrhage in the lung be ruled out if renal function remains stable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hemorrhage in the lung should not be ruled out just because renal function remains stable. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of lung hemorrhage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should hemorrhage in the lung be ruled out if renal function remains stable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that hemorrhage in the lung can be ruled out if renal function remains stable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_b230838d-1106-4405-a06f-ae0a27b49c37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smaller bile ducts may not show a lot of sclerosis on biopsy, but imaging may pick up strictures in larger peripheral bile ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histologic changes equally pronounced in both large and small bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histologic changes are not equally pronounced in both large and small bile ducts. The larger peripheral bile ducts show more pronounced changes, while the smaller bile ducts may not show a lot of sclerosis on biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Smaller bile ducts may not show a lot of sclerosis on biopsy, but imaging may pick up strictures in larger peripheral bile ducts. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histologic changes equally pronounced in both large and small bile ducts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histologic changes are equally pronounced in both large and small bile ducts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_0ab3a41c-e40f-4a65-bd97-cf61cf153616.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of a fibroblast foci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the alveolar spaces primarily affected by the hyperplasia in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the alveolar spaces are not primarily affected by the hyperplasia in this chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Identification of a fibroblast foci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the alveolar spaces primarily affected by the hyperplasia in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the alveolar spaces in the chest pathology image appear to be primarily affected by the hyperplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickened walls of blood vessels due to their inability to keep up with pooling of blood and lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is venous stasis observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, venous stasis is observed in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickened walls of blood vessels due to their inability to keep up with pooling of blood and lymphatics. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is venous stasis observed in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology image shows no venous stasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_f0fe3194-de39-45e4-9f30-923056a085d4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to have benign adipose tissue as a component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of spindle cells sufficient to diagnose a desmoid tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of spindle cells alone is not sufficient to diagnose a desmoid tumor. While spindle cells can be a characteristic feature of desmoid tumors, they can also be found in other types of tumors or benign conditions. A definitive diagnosis typically requires a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings, as well as a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history and symptoms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to have benign adipose tissue as a component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of spindle cells sufficient to diagnose a desmoid tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of spindle cells in the histopathology image is one of the features that can be observed in a desmoid tumor. However, it is not sufficient on its own to make a definitive diagnosis. A desmoid tumor is a rare type of benign tumor that arises from connective tissue. The diagnosis typically requires a combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings, as well as the exclusion of other conditions that may present with similar features. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_f0fe3194-de39-45e4-9f30-923056a085d4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to have benign adipose tissue as a component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are desmoid tumors typically composed of round cells rather than spindle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, desmoid tumors are typically composed of spindle cells rather than round cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lesion appears to have benign adipose tissue as a component. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are desmoid tumors typically composed of round cells rather than spindle cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a desmoid tumor composed of round cells rather than spindle cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornified layer (stratum corneum) characterized by the presence of nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cornified layer (stratum corneum) in the image is not characterized by the presence of nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cornified layer (stratum corneum) characterized by the presence of nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cornified layer (stratum corneum) in the image is characterized by the presence of nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermis keratinized in the described skin layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermis is keratinized in the described skin layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermis keratinized in the described skin layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of skin layers, but it does not provide specific information about the keratinization of the epidermis. However, it is important to note that the presence of keratinization in the epidermis can be observed in the image. To determine the exact status of keratinization, a more detailed analysis of the histopathological image would be necessary." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bPH8UFYxAzk_image_6e8f2080-38ab-4a20-a79d-6c3bedfa9b14.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of glands rule out atrophy in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of glands in the chest pathology image cannot rule out atrophy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of glands rule out atrophy in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of glands in the chest pathology image can rule out atrophy. Atrophy refers to the shrinking or reduction in size of a tissue or organ, often due to disuse, aging, or disease. The presence of glands in the image suggests that the tissue is not undergoing atrophy, as glands are typically associated with active, functioning tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "bPH8UFYxAzk_image_6e8f2080-38ab-4a20-a79d-6c3bedfa9b14.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glandular presence necessary to diagnose atrophy in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, glandular presence is not necessary to diagnose atrophy in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is glandular presence necessary to diagnose atrophy in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of glandular structures is necessary to diagnose atrophy in chest pathology. The image shows a normal histology of the chest wall, which includes glandular structures. The absence of these structures in the chest wall would indicate atrophy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "C3dx6FZacjo_image_36f0a776-f846-480d-a6d6-222f7b921aaa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma is the area of connective tissue that supports the conjunctiva. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of an extensive capillary network in the interstitium typical for an inactive thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of an extensive capillary network in the interstitium is not typical for an inactive thyroid." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The stroma is the area of connective tissue that supports the conjunctiva. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of an extensive capillary network in the interstitium typical for an inactive thyroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of an extensive capillary network in the interstitium is typical for an inactive thyroid." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_a4fd689b-67be-430f-bab4-cde26924a93e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. BCL-10, trypsin, and chymotrypsin are classic immunohistochemical stains used for acinar cell differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intraductal acinar cell carcinoma be reliably diagnosed without immunohistochemistry?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intraductal acinar cell carcinoma cannot be reliably diagnosed without immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry is a crucial diagnostic tool that helps identify specific markers, such as BCL-10, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, which are essential for the accurate diagnosis of this type of cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. BCL-10, trypsin, and chymotrypsin are classic immunohistochemical stains used for acinar cell differentiation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can intraductal acinar cell carcinoma be reliably diagnosed without immunohistochemistry?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intraductal acinar cell carcinoma can be reliably diagnosed without immunohistochemistry, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chemotherapy-related colitis be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chemotherapy-related colitis cannot be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown. The presence of cell breakdown, such as hemosiderin in stromal cells, is an important diagnostic feature in this context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can chemotherapy-related colitis be diagnosed without evidence of cell breakdown?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible to diagnose chemotherapy-related colitis without evidence of cell breakdown. The image shows a histopathological view of the colon, which can help identify signs of inflammation and other changes associated with colitis. However, it is important to note that a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "p7tUcAl0Mck_image_99bfcaa3-43c1-4b05-bfb8-a989a821d4be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a tissue with longitudinal nuclear grooves, hyalinized stroma punctuated by thin-walled blood vessels, clear nuclear pseudoinclusions, and eosinophilic ones. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma in this tissue sample primarily composed of dense fibrous tissue without any blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the stroma in this tissue sample is primarily composed of hyalinized stroma punctuated by thin-walled blood vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a tissue with longitudinal nuclear grooves, hyalinized stroma punctuated by thin-walled blood vessels, clear nuclear pseudoinclusions, and eosinophilic ones. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma in this tissue sample primarily composed of dense fibrous tissue without any blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the stroma in this tissue sample is primarily composed of dense fibrous tissue without any blood vessels." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_da3cafa5-c248-4bdb-b955-6863c2acdc81.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells involved in temporal arteritis. The primary cells involved in temporal arteritis are macrophages, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response and inflammation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells involved in temporal arteritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in temporal arteritis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "IAuRF8T1kyw_image_cca4a88c-4d0a-464a-b393-8581c8c82887.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case is an obvious mass, a resected anterior mediastinal lesion, with a huge epithelial proliferation that takes it out of the realm of thymic hyperplasia or normal thymus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypical epithelioid proliferation always indicative of malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, atypical epithelioid proliferation is not always indicative of malignancy. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to determine the nature of the proliferation and whether it is benign or malignant. A healthcare professional should be consulted for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The case is an obvious mass, a resected anterior mediastinal lesion, with a huge epithelial proliferation that takes it out of the realm of thymic hyperplasia or normal thymus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is atypical epithelioid proliferation always indicative of malignancy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows atypical epithelioid proliferation, which is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells. However, it is important to note that atypical epithelioid proliferation is not always indicative of malignancy. Further evaluation, including additional imaging studies and possibly a biopsy, would be necessary to determine the nature of the proliferation and whether it is benign or malignant." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_0f334c20-3113-4fe6-b565-bea544561415.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pure transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare tumor and accounts for only 1% of the epithelial tumors of ovary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transitional cells in this carcinoma highly atypical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transitional cells in this carcinoma are highly atypical." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pure transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare tumor and accounts for only 1% of the epithelial tumors of ovary. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transitional cells in this carcinoma highly atypical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The transitional cells in this carcinoma are not highly atypical." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_d50727ca-8cdc-4bb0-944f-8c57be37c8e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reverse polarization and palisading of the nuclear can be seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neoplastic cells in this pathology report associated with a glomeruloid type body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neoplastic cells in this pathology report are associated with a glomeruloid type body." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Reverse polarization and palisading of the nuclear can be seen. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neoplastic cells in this pathology report associated with a glomeruloid type body?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The neoplastic cells in the pathology report are not associated with a glomeruloid type body." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is nevus sebaceus primarily characterized by the presence of sweat gland proliferations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, nevus sebaceus is primarily characterized by the presence of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is nevus sebaceus primarily characterized by the presence of sweat gland proliferations?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that nevus sebaceus is primarily characterized by the presence of sweat gland proliferations." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hair follicle proliferations in nevus sebaceus indicative of a malignant process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hair follicle proliferations in nevus sebaceus are not indicative of a malignant process. They are a normal feature of nevus sebaceus, which is a benign skin condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are hair follicle proliferations in nevus sebaceus indicative of a malignant process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows hair follicle proliferations in a nevus sebaceus. While it is true that hair follicle proliferations can be seen in nevus sebaceus, it is not necessarily indicative of a malignant process. Nevus sebaceus is a benign skin condition that can be associated with hair follicle proliferations. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any skin condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_fe6cfdb2-7926-4567-8e19-cfaf50261376.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a small patch of psoriasis with lots of crust and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of neutrophils noted in the granuloma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of neutrophils is not noted in the granuloma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a small patch of psoriasis with lots of crust and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of neutrophils noted in the granuloma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of neutrophils is noted in the granuloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vcQK4Is4bl8_image_82f1fbe1-d023-4fe6-8b1a-aeb769da4099.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands present in the menses phase of the endometrium usually intact and undisturbed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glands in the menses phase of the endometrium are not usually intact and undisturbed. They are often disrupted, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glands present in the menses phase of the endometrium usually intact and undisturbed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glands in the menses phase of the endometrium are usually intact and undisturbed." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vcQK4Is4bl8_image_82f1fbe1-d023-4fe6-8b1a-aeb769da4099.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma typically preserved and undisturbed during the menses phase?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the stroma is typically preserved and undisturbed during the menses phase." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma typically preserved and undisturbed during the menses phase?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the stroma is typically preserved and undisturbed during the menses phase, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_73d3f57b-43d1-406d-b530-d1aefe291706.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fibrin and tumor cells are seen in lymphovascular invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chemotherapy required for all patients with a PT1N0 tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chemotherapy is not required for all patients with a PT1N0 tumor. The decision to administer chemotherapy should be based on the specific clinical situation and the patient's overall health. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fibrin and tumor cells are seen in lymphovascular invasion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chemotherapy required for all patients with a PT1N0 tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a PT1N0 tumor, which is a specific stage of a tumor. However, it is important to note that the decision to use chemotherapy depends on various factors, such as the type of cancer, the patient's overall health, and the tumor's characteristics. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_120098b9-e9c7-4cc9-a15c-f371580c87d5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are single isolated cells that stand out in the background of a neoplastic proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of single isolated cells indicative of a non-neoplastic condition in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of single isolated cells in the background of a neoplastic proliferation is not indicative of a non-neoplastic condition in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are single isolated cells that stand out in the background of a neoplastic proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of single isolated cells indicative of a non-neoplastic condition in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of single isolated cells in the histopathology image is indicative of a non-neoplastic condition in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "I4CyCpy9cqc_image_302e29c6-b4fc-4fcc-89df-eda733c3a79a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial connective tissue shows mixed inflammation with prominent eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is elastic cartilage typically devoid of any elastic fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, elastic cartilage typically contains elastic fibers, which are essential for its elasticity and resilience." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Superficial connective tissue shows mixed inflammation with prominent eosinophils. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is elastic cartilage typically devoid of any elastic fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of elastic cartilage, and it appears that the elastic fibers are absent in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_65c13113-cb96-4acc-b7ce-a2821ffb45dc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells are present in the myocardium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of osteoidcytes and osteoidblasts in a lesion rule out other diagnoses besides osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of osteoidcytes and osteoidblasts in a lesion does not rule out other diagnoses besides osteosarcoma. These cells can be found in various types of bone lesions, and their presence alone is not sufficient to establish a definitive diagnosis. Further evaluation, including additional imaging studies and possibly a biopsy, may be necessary to determine the exact nature of the lesion and establish an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells are present in the myocardium. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of osteoidcytes and osteoidblasts in a lesion rule out other diagnoses besides osteosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of osteoidcytes and osteoidblasts in a lesion is a characteristic feature of osteosarcoma. These cells are typically found in the tumor and can help confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the muscularis externa of the esophagus contain a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle in its upper 1 quarter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the muscularis externa of the esophagus does not contain a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle in its upper 1 quarter. It is composed of type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the muscularis externa of the esophagus contain a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle in its upper 1 quarter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the muscularis externa of the esophagus contains a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle in its upper 1 quarter." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor a primary ovarian carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that the tumor is a metastasis from a primary ovarian carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Kurkenberg tumor a primary ovarian carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a tumor, which is consistent with a primary ovarian carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells observed in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not the primary cells observed in this chest pathology image. The primary cells observed in the image are epithelioid histiocytes, which are a type of immune cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes the primary cells observed in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are the primary cells observed in this chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_70e78956-285b-4f12-869e-9ca35befc5a7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes a primary indicator for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not a primary indicator for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. However, they can be seen in the image and are mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes a primary indicator for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of a tumor, and the presence of lymphocytes is one of the features observed. However, lymphocytes are not the primary indicator for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. The primary indicators for this type of tumor are the presence of myxoid stroma and the presence of spindle cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_70e78956-285b-4f12-869e-9ca35befc5a7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils a common finding in pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not a common finding in pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils a common finding in pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, and eosinophils are present. However, it is important to note that the presence of eosinophils in this particular case may not be a common finding in pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. The presence of eosinophils could be due to various factors, such as inflammation, infection, or other underlying conditions. It is essential to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does LPP typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation. This type of inflammation is more commonly associated with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does LPP typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is a characteristic feature of lichen planus (LPP)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_ae71e082-8d24-4ef5-a116-ca3d36135e94.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has two components, with both epithelioid and spindle cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid cells typically characterized by the absence of nucleoli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epithelioid cells are not typically characterized by the absence of nucleoli." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor has two components, with both epithelioid and spindle cells present. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epithelioid cells typically characterized by the absence of nucleoli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows epithelioid cells with the absence of nucleoli. However, it is important to note that the presence or absence of nucleoli in epithelioid cells can vary depending on the specific type of cells and the context in which they are found. In general, the presence of nucleoli is a characteristic feature of actively dividing cells, so their absence may indicate a less active or more specialized cell type." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "oCnV8-c2les_image_058e9398-f7c3-4e9b-aa58-fda2e3199dc7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small, regular nuclei typically associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, small, regular nuclei are not typically associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small, regular nuclei typically associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows small, regular nuclei, which are typically associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_f6fa7310-9b88-4349-9659-9166b40d5f69.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The dermis is thickened by inflammation and fibrosis, which is extending and widening some of the septa in between the fat lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lymphocytic esophagitis characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the esophageal tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytic esophagitis is characterized by the presence of lymphocytes in the esophageal tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The dermis is thickened by inflammation and fibrosis, which is extending and widening some of the septa in between the fat lobules. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is lymphocytic esophagitis characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the esophageal tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of neutrophils in the esophageal tissue, which is a characteristic feature of lymphocytic esophagitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8vBV1buQoM0_image_04ff800e-3ffc-47a9-bfa6-fd4f2d9e82d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zinc deficiency can cause a skin condition with similarities to necrolytic acral erythema, pellagra, and niacin deficiency. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does zinc deficiency only affect the skin and not other bodily functions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, zinc deficiency can affect various bodily functions, including the skin, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Zinc deficiency can cause a skin condition with similarities to necrolytic acral erythema, pellagra, and niacin deficiency. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does zinc deficiency only affect the skin and not other bodily functions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to zinc deficiency and its effects on the skin. However, it is important to note that zinc deficiency can also affect other bodily functions. Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, immune function, and the development and maintenance of the nervous system. A deficiency in zinc can lead to a range of symptoms and health issues, including skin changes, hair loss, impaired immune function, and neurological problems. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and proper diagnosis of zinc deficiency and its potential effects on the body." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "sr1ohVqzhK0_image_f235378c-40de-42b6-b8aa-600255866d34.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Macroplastique is present on one side, appearing as angular fragments with a semi-translucent and partially refractile appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Macroplastique commonly found in urethral biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Macroplastique is not commonly found in urethral biopsies. It is a rare finding and is often associated with certain medical conditions or procedures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Macroplastique is present on one side, appearing as angular fragments with a semi-translucent and partially refractile appearance. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Macroplastique commonly found in urethral biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a urethral biopsy with Macroplastique. However, it is important to note that the presence of Macroplastique in urethral biopsies is not very common. It is a synthetic material used in medical procedures, and its presence in a biopsy may indicate a complication or a foreign body reaction. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7494a01e-6e65-49d4-bf03-0599b1de29a8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transition between the tumor and normal tissue gradual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transition between the tumor and normal tissue is abrupt." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the transition between the tumor and normal tissue gradual?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transition between the tumor and normal tissue appears to be gradual." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid is seen between tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neuroendocrine tumors known for having a homogenous chromatin pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neuroendocrine tumors are not known for having a homogenous chromatin pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid is seen between tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neuroendocrine tumors known for having a homogenous chromatin pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a characteristic amyloid deposit in neuroendocrine tumors. However, it is important to note that neuroendocrine tumors are not known for having a homogenous chromatin pattern. The image is likely illustrating the presence of amyloid deposits, which are a common feature of neuroendocrine tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid is seen between tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of salt and pepper chromatin in the nucleus definitively diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of salt and pepper chromatin in the nucleus is not sufficient to definitively diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor. It is important to consider other clinical and pathological findings, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid is seen between tumor cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of salt and pepper chromatin in the nucleus definitively diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of salt and pepper chromatin in the nucleus is a characteristic feature of neuroendocrine tumors. However, it is important to note that this finding alone is not sufficient to definitively diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor. Further diagnostic tests, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) for synaptophysin and chromogranin, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_adc43916-5063-464c-8d0e-861161ec8621.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Relatively early polychromatophilic erythroblasts with slate gray cytoplasm and intense nuclear clumping. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do megakaryocytes primarily circulate in the bloodstream?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, megakaryocytes primarily circulate in the bone marrow." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Relatively early polychromatophilic erythroblasts with slate gray cytoplasm and intense nuclear clumping. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do megakaryocytes primarily circulate in the bloodstream?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, megakaryocytes primarily circulate in the bloodstream." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ganglion cells positive for GFAB in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the ganglion cells in this pathology report are negative for GFAB." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ganglion cells positive for GFAB in this pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology report indicates that the ganglion cells in the image are negative for GFAB." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "zcImdqxXK08_image_3eedf5ed-4a28-4095-921e-2e4d98635366.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show blood vessels filled with leukocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show blood vessels filled with leukocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show blood vessels filled with leukocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows blood vessels filled with leukocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "reoEVXvoUmI_image_032db061-9001-44be-8c6a-c4d45d40fa27.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Disruption and shedding of cells, surface epithelium, stroma, glands, and blood vessels during the menses phase. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cheerio formation typical of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cheerio formation is not typical of squamous cells. It is a characteristic feature of cuboidal cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Disruption and shedding of cells, surface epithelium, stroma, glands, and blood vessels during the menses phase. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cheerio formation typical of squamous cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological view of a tumor, and the presence of Cheerio formation is typical of squamous cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_007e86f9-3c16-4560-acca-c7c44949b39b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does adenoid cystic carcinoma typically originate in the bone tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adenoid cystic carcinoma typically originates in the salivary glands, not in the bone tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does adenoid cystic carcinoma typically originate in the bone tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a bone lesion, which is consistent with adenoid cystic carcinoma. However, it is important to note that adenoid cystic carcinoma can originate in various tissues, including the bone. The presence of this type of cancer in the bone tissue is not typical, but it is not uncommon." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_007e86f9-3c16-4560-acca-c7c44949b39b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adenoid cystic carcinoma commonly found in the breast tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, adenoid cystic carcinoma is not commonly found in the breast tissue. It is a rare type of cancer that typically arises in the salivary glands, but can also occur in other locations, such as the lungs, prostate, and breast." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adenoid cystic carcinoma commonly found in the breast tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of a breast biopsy, which reveals adenoid cystic carcinoma. However, it is important to note that adenoid cystic carcinoma is not a common type of breast cancer. It is a rare type of cancer that can occur in various parts of the body, including the breast." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_acce1b36-4589-4be1-bf2c-3503c7bcfe88.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it uncommon for melanomas to develop in pre-existing nevi?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not uncommon for melanomas to develop in pre-existing nevi. In fact, around 30% of melanomas are known to develop in pre-existing nevi." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it uncommon for melanomas to develop in pre-existing nevi?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is uncommon for melanomas to develop in pre-existing nevi." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_acce1b36-4589-4be1-bf2c-3503c7bcfe88.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are more than 50% of melanomas found to develop in pre-existing nevi?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the majority of melanomas, around 30%, develop in pre-existing nevi." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are more than 50% of melanomas found to develop in pre-existing nevi?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that more than 50% of melanomas developed in pre-existing nevi. However, it is important to note that the actual percentage may vary depending on the specific study or analysis being conducted." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "hmHfJAxbd-0_image_8e731640-fc5e-487a-9c64-1876f881cbff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes within the interstitium and a prominent multinucleated giant cell with an endogenous inclusion of cholesterol cleft. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these findings indicative of a malignancy in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The findings in the image and report are not indicative of a malignancy in the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lymphocytes within the interstitium and a prominent multinucleated giant cell with an endogenous inclusion of cholesterol cleft. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are these findings indicative of a malignancy in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows histopathological findings of a lung biopsy, which include giant cells, foamy macrophages, and macrophages within airspaces. While these findings may be associated with various lung conditions, they are not necessarily indicative of a malignancy. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_4a958ce3-df3c-4d32-bec2-0504e254ec28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are TB granulomas typically free of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, TB granulomas are not typically free of necrosis. They often contain areas of necrosis, which is the death of tissue due to injury, disease, or lack of blood supply." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are TB granulomas typically free of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a TB granuloma with necrosis. Necrosis refers to the death of cells or tissues, which can occur within granulomas. So, the answer is no, TB granulomas are not typically free of necrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_96daafe9-c0e5-459c-bde0-e38f6a7eb69a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is syringofibroadenoma characterized by wide and broad finger-like projections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, syringofibroadenoma is characterized by narrow and thin finger-like projections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is syringofibroadenoma characterized by wide and broad finger-like projections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, syringofibroadenoma is characterized by wide and broad finger-like projections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HTvLMyKYyGs_image_1b3dba39-7ade-42a6-82f1-54e445d56f7e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mucicarmine stain revealed mucin in the lumen and bluish areas, while tall cells did not stain with mucin. This appearance is characteristic of seromucinous neoplasms, which have a slightly different behavior. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclei on the boundary within the region of interest usually annotated?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, nuclei on the boundary within the region of interest are not usually annotated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mucicarmine stain revealed mucin in the lumen and bluish areas, while tall cells did not stain with mucin. This appearance is characteristic of seromucinous neoplasms, which have a slightly different behavior. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are nuclei on the boundary within the region of interest usually annotated?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nuclei on the boundary within the region of interest are usually annotated." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ductal and glandular neoplasms always aggressive?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all ductal and glandular neoplasms are aggressive. The aggressiveness of a neoplasm depends on various factors, such as the type of neoplasm, its location, and the stage of the disease. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of any suspected neoplasm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ductal and glandular neoplasms always aggressive?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a ductal and glandular neoplasm, which is an abnormal growth of cells in the ducts and glands. However, it is important to note that not all ductal and glandular neoplasms are aggressive. The aggressiveness of a neoplasm depends on various factors, such as the type of cells involved, the location and size of the tumor, and the stage of the disease. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the specific neoplasm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_24990a5c-9607-4fff-96fa-e55b3017f8e5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a PT1N0 tumor, which can be cured with orchiectomy alone in 70% of cases. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pustular psoriasis characterized by the absence of inflammatory cells in the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pustular psoriasis is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the epithelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient has a PT1N0 tumor, which can be cured with orchiectomy alone in 70% of cases. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pustular psoriasis characterized by the absence of inflammatory cells in the epithelium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows pustular psoriasis, which is characterized by the presence of pustules, which are small, pus-filled blisters on the skin. The absence of inflammatory cells in the epithelium is not a characteristic feature of this condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign body resemble a scabies exoskeleton?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body in the sub corneal layer of the skin biopsy resembles a scabies exoskeleton." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign body resemble a scabies exoskeleton?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The foreign body in the image does not resemble a scabies exoskeleton." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body identified in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the foreign body is identified in the sub corneal layer, which is a layer beneath the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the foreign body identified in the dermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign body is identified in the dermal layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_91f6565e-1200-4d47-ab61-929b6226f094.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells extending through the wall of blood vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary inflammatory cells seen in lymphocytic vasculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the primary inflammatory cells seen in lymphocytic vasculitis. The primary inflammatory cells in this condition are lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells extending through the wall of blood vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the primary inflammatory cells seen in lymphocytic vasculitis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that neutrophils are the primary inflammatory cells seen in lymphocytic vasculitis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_91f6565e-1200-4d47-ab61-929b6226f094.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells extending through the wall of blood vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic vasculitis typically present with granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytic vasculitis does not typically present with granulomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Inflammatory cells extending through the wall of blood vessels. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does lymphocytic vasculitis typically present with granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that lymphocytic vasculitis can present with granulomas, as seen in the image. However, it is important to note that the presence of granulomas is not always a characteristic feature of lymphocytic vasculitis. The presence of granulomas in this case may be an exception or a specific manifestation of the condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "HilA233A6TE_image_62ed737e-cbd2-4b33-a592-d442fb12138f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma definitive in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma is not definitive in this report. The image and report provide information about the structure of the brain and its organization, but they do not directly address the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma definitive in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma, which is a type of cancer that originates in the glandular cells of the mucous membrane. However, it is important to note that the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma in this report is not definitive. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanocytes and Schwann cells have a neuroectodermal a neural crest origin and share some features with one another. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pigment deposition commonly found in all types of neurofibromas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pigment deposition is not commonly found in all types of neurofibromas. It is more frequently observed in certain types of neurofibromas, such as plexiform neurofibromas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Melanocytes and Schwann cells have a neuroectodermal a neural crest origin and share some features with one another. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pigment deposition commonly found in all types of neurofibromas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pigment deposition is commonly found in all types of neurofibromas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "gkCnXlJy7u4_image_73a68e51-69b4-4d63-9de4-6483a08df2ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a myometrial invasive tumor with scattered preserved glands and cellular stromal proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is maturation uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the maturation is not uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological description of a myometrial invasive tumor with scattered preserved glands and cellular stromal proliferation. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is maturation uniform across all observed cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the maturation of the cells appears to be uniform across all observed cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp easy to excise completely during endoscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp easy to excise completely during endoscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp typically exhibit a protruding growth pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp typically exhibits a flat growth pattern, which makes it difficult to excise completely during endoscopy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp typically exhibit a protruding growth pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp typically exhibits a protruding growth pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "id": 2571, "image": "8736.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hydrogel dimensions change when removed from an in vitro environment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the hydrogel dimensions can change when removed from an in vitro environment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can hydrogel dimensions change when removed from an in vitro environment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the hydrogel dimensions can change when removed from an in vitro environment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 446, "image": "1294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the original magnification of the cross sections (hematoxylin and eosin staining) \u00d76.3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the original magnification of the cross sections (hematoxylin and eosin staining) is \u00d76.3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the original magnification of the cross sections (hematoxylin and eosin staining) \u00d76.3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the original magnification of the cross sections (hematoxylin and eosin staining) is \u00d76.3." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 104, "image": "14984.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a line scan provide useful data in the analysis of chest pathology samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a line scan can provide useful data in the analysis of chest pathology samples. It can help identify and quantify specific features or abnormalities within the tissue sample. However, it is important to note that the interpretation of the line scan data should be done in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and clinical information to make an accurate diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can a line scan provide useful data in the analysis of chest pathology samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a line scan can provide useful data in the analysis of chest pathology samples. It can help in identifying and characterizing various features and structures within the tissue sample, which can aid in the diagnosis and understanding of the pathological condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1082, "image": "10298.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HepaRG hepatocytes loaded and cultured for 21 days fixed and stained for nuclei (blue), F-actin (green), ZO-1 (red), and albumin (grey \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do non-transgenic rats (NTG) typically show genetic modifications?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, non-transgenic rats (NTG) do not typically show genetic modifications." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HepaRG hepatocytes loaded and cultured for 21 days fixed and stained for nuclei (blue), F-actin (green), ZO-1 (red), and albumin (grey \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do non-transgenic rats (NTG) typically show genetic modifications?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, non-transgenic rats (NTG) do not typically show genetic modifications." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 971, "image": "7294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PSA staining positive in this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PSA staining was negative in this chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PSA staining positive in this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PSA staining was negative in this chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 893, "image": "2843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the processed area on copper?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the processed area on copper is visible in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the processed area on copper?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the processed area on copper is visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 550, "image": "16771.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is neurofilament immunoreactivity also observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neurofilament immunoreactivity is also observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB) in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is neurofilament immunoreactivity also observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neurofilament immunoreactivity is also observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB) in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 410, "image": "11015.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PD-L1 IHC showing membranous staining of the tumour cells (100x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the transformation with GFP-PbTPS3 indicate the presence of fluorophore activity in the tepals?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transformation with GFP-PbTPS3 indicates the presence of fluorophore activity in the tepals." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PD-L1 IHC showing membranous staining of the tumour cells (100x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the transformation with GFP-PbTPS3 indicate the presence of fluorophore activity in the tepals?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transformation with GFP-PbTPS3 indicates the presence of fluorophore activity in the tepals." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2157, "image": "11205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Voltage-gated activity in tomato leaves with eDNA treatmen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adenocarcinoma a type of malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adenocarcinoma is a type of malignant tumor. It is a cancer that originates in glandular tissue, which is responsible for producing and releasing substances such as mucus, enzymes, or hormones. Adenocarcinomas can occur in various organs and tissues, including the lungs, colon, breast, and pancreas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Voltage-gated activity in tomato leaves with eDNA treatmen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is adenocarcinoma a type of malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, adenocarcinoma is a type of malignant tumor. It is a cancer that originates in glandular tissue, which is found in various organs throughout the body." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 353, "image": "6204.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Close-up of the tobacco cell wall between adjacent epidermis cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the morphology of the ovary provide insights into the effects of letrozole treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphology of the ovary can provide insights into the effects of letrozole treatment. By examining the histological changes in the ovary, researchers can gain a better understanding of how the treatment is affecting the tissue structure and cellular organization. This information can be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment and identifying any potential side effects or complications." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Close-up of the tobacco cell wall between adjacent epidermis cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the morphology of the ovary provide insights into the effects of letrozole treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphology of the ovary can provide insights into the effects of letrozole treatment. By examining the histological sections of the ovary, researchers can observe changes in the tissue structure and cellular organization, which can help them understand the impact of letrozole on the ovary." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2364, "image": "6236.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the concentration of PMA used in the treatment 125 ng/ml?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the concentration of PMA used in the treatment is 125 ng/ml." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the concentration of PMA used in the treatment 125 ng/ml?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the concentration of PMA used in the treatment is 125 ng/ml." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1662, "image": "9959.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. paper 1 treated in industrial reacto \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Bi2O3 a common finding in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Bi2O3 is not a common finding in chest pathology images. It is a rare finding and may indicate an unusual or specific condition. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. paper 1 treated in industrial reacto \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Bi2O3 a common finding in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Bi2O3 is not a common finding in chest pathology images. It is a rare occurrence." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 131, "image": "8827.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can several single neuronal cell bodies with axons and neurites be seen in the culture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, several single neuronal cell bodies with axons and neurites can be seen in the culture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can several single neuronal cell bodies with axons and neurites be seen in the culture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, several single neuronal cell bodies with axons and neurites can be seen in the culture." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 124, "image": "14658.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a similarity in the localization of FOXO1 protein in granulosa cells between in vivo and in vitro groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the localization of FOXO1 protein in granulosa cells appears to be similar between the in vivo and in vitro groups." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a similarity in the localization of FOXO1 protein in granulosa cells between in vivo and in vitro groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the localization of FOXO1 protein in granulosa cells appears to be similar between the in vivo and in vitro groups." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 372, "image": "2085.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken at a lower magnification, such as 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is taken at a higher magnification, specifically 100x." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken at a lower magnification, such as 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is taken at a higher magnification, specifically 100x." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 880, "image": "8340.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology and SAED patterns of irregular MHC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glandular trichomes (GTs) primarily located on the abaxial side of the leaf in the early stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glandular trichomes (GTs) are primarily located on the abaxial side of the leaf in the early stages." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology and SAED patterns of irregular MHC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glandular trichomes (GTs) primarily located on the abaxial side of the leaf in the early stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glandular trichomes (GTs) are primarily located on the abaxial side of the leaf in the early stages." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 923, "image": "15081.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of HOB\u00ae osteoblasts growing in the presence of SCS8T20U, after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the control sample image show actin cytoskeleton labeled with rhodamine phalloidin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the control sample image shows actin cytoskeleton labeled with rhodamine phalloidin, which appears red in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of HOB\u00ae osteoblasts growing in the presence of SCS8T20U, after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the control sample image show actin cytoskeleton labeled with rhodamine phalloidin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the control sample image shows actin cytoskeleton labeled with rhodamine phalloidin, which appears red in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2016, "image": "6755.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IVCM examination before TCSI (after 5-day conventional antifungal treatment) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basidiospores typically indicate a bacterial infection in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, basidiospores are typically associated with fungal infections. They are spores produced by certain fungi, and their presence in a chest X-ray may indicate a fungal infection in the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IVCM examination before TCSI (after 5-day conventional antifungal treatment) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basidiospores typically indicate a bacterial infection in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, basidiospores are typically associated with fungal infections, not bacterial infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2419, "image": "10655.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is autoradiography performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, autoradiography is not performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is autoradiography performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, autoradiography is not performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 108, "image": "8682.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are NDMVs commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, NDMVs are not commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM. They are typically observed as irregularly shaped structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are NDMVs commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, NDMVs are not commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2223, "image": "4830.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A small amount of red blood cells in the alveoli can be seen at 50 \u00d7 magnification in the treatment group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the gastric pits in infected BALB/c mice show signs of inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gastric pits in infected BALB/c mice show signs of inflammation, as indicated by the presence of inflammatory cells in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A small amount of red blood cells in the alveoli can be seen at 50 \u00d7 magnification in the treatment group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the gastric pits in infected BALB/c mice show signs of inflammation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gastric pits in infected BALB/c mice show signs of inflammation, as mentioned in the reference report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 809, "image": "16081.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification secondary electron image showing the hatched region for (c) case 7 (0.8 mA). All but case 7 showed nearly identical melt tracks to case 1. Case 7 was the only to show clear evidence of under melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of porphyrazine fluorescence indicate cellular uptake of the compound?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of porphyrazine fluorescence in the image suggests that the compound has been taken up by the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification secondary electron image showing the hatched region for (c) case 7 (0.8 mA). All but case 7 showed nearly identical melt tracks to case 1. Case 7 was the only to show clear evidence of under melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of porphyrazine fluorescence indicate cellular uptake of the compound?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of porphyrazine fluorescence in the image suggests that the compound has been taken up by the cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1654, "image": "9790.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph indicate that the mice were treated with a placebo?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the photomicrograph indicates that the mice were treated with a placebo." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph indicate that the mice were treated with a placebo?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the photomicrograph indicates that the mice were treated with a placebo." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 885, "image": "4197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do heterozygous knock-in embryos injected with mRNA encoding R26-mNG2(11)-Clta exhibit reconstituted fluorescence above background levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that heterozygous knock-in embryos injected with mRNA encoding R26-mNG2(11)-Clta exhibit reconstituted fluorescence above background levels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do heterozygous knock-in embryos injected with mRNA encoding R26-mNG2(11)-Clta exhibit reconstituted fluorescence above background levels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the heterozygous knock-in embryos injected with mRNA encoding R26-mNG2(11)-Clta exhibit reconstituted fluorescence above background levels." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1802, "image": "15443.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of BR1A strains. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does IVCM examination typically involve the use of ionizing radiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, IVCM examination does not typically involve the use of ionizing radiation. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light microscopy to visualize the internal structure of biological tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of BR1A strains. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does IVCM examination typically involve the use of ionizing radiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, IVCM examination does not typically involve the use of ionizing radiation. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light to visualize the internal structure of tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2360, "image": "927.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive cell against CMV immunohistochemistry (\u00d760 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the unilocular zoidangium associated with subcortical cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the unilocular zoidangium is associated with subcortical cells in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive cell against CMV immunohistochemistry (\u00d760 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the unilocular zoidangium associated with subcortical cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the unilocular zoidangium is associated with subcortical cells in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1091, "image": "4550.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the SWATH-MS proteomics data be used to analyze protein expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SWATH-MS proteomics data can be used to analyze protein expression in the tissue sample. This technique allows for the identification and quantification of proteins in a sample, which can provide valuable information about the cellular composition and potential abnormalities in the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the SWATH-MS proteomics data be used to analyze protein expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SWATH-MS proteomics data can be used to analyze protein expression in the tissue samples. This technique allows for the identification and quantification of proteins in a sample, which can provide valuable information about the cellular composition and potential pathological changes in the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 31, "image": "10645.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used for counting vessels 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for counting vessels was 40x." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used for counting vessels 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for counting vessels was 40x." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 635, "image": "10497.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lungs of 1% DMSO treated normal rats typically free of significant pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lungs of 1% DMSO treated normal rats are typically free of significant pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the lungs of 1% DMSO treated normal rats typically free of significant pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lungs of 1% DMSO treated normal rats are typically free of significant pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1666, "image": "9596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates, which are abnormal substances or collections of cells that have entered the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates, which are abnormal substances or collections of cells that have entered the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1351, "image": "4631.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there representative images of the wound on days 14 and 21 after implantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows representative images of the wound on days 14 and 21 after implantation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there representative images of the wound on days 14 and 21 after implantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the figure includes representative images of the wound on days 14 and 21 after implantation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 618, "image": "14880.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the membrane implantation area examined under electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the membrane implantation area is not examined under electron microscopy. The image and report provided are from a different examination, which is a histopathological examination of the femoral head and neck tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the membrane implantation area examined under electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the membrane implantation area is not examined under electron microscopy in the provided image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 870, "image": "5709.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the GFP fluorescence appear below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the GFP fluorescence appeared below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the GFP fluorescence appear below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the GFP fluorescence appeared below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1335, "image": "14928.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of the SEM image 25\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification level of the SEM image is 25\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of the SEM image 25\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification level of the SEM image is 25\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 367, "image": "3885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the textile electrode feature a screen-printed coating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the textile electrode features a screen-printed coating." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the textile electrode feature a screen-printed coating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the textile electrode features a screen-printed coating." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1512, "image": "6056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dilation of Bowman\u2019s space observed in fish exposed to hydroxychloroquine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows dilation of Bowman\u2019s space in fish exposed to hydroxychloroquine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is dilation of Bowman\u2019s space observed in fish exposed to hydroxychloroquine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows dilation of Bowman's space in fish exposed to hydroxychloroquine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 390, "image": "8870.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids constructed only by vascular endothelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids are constructed by vascular endothelial cells and pericytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids constructed only by vascular endothelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids are constructed by both vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1442, "image": "2961.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. image of\u00a0arabidopsis plant roots from UV imaging syste \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can torsional tests on instruments provide valuable insights into their durability?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, torsional tests on instruments can provide valuable insights into their durability. These tests help to determine the mechanical properties of the instruments, such as their strength, flexibility, and resistance to twisting or bending. This information can be useful for assessing the performance and longevity of the instruments in various applications." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. image of\u00a0arabidopsis plant roots from UV imaging syste \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can torsional tests on instruments provide valuable insights into their durability?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, torsional tests on instruments can provide valuable insights into their durability. These tests help to determine the mechanical properties of the instruments, such as their strength, flexibility, and resistance to twisting or bending. This information can be useful for understanding the performance and longevity of the instruments, as well as for identifying any potential weaknesses or areas for improvement." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1367, "image": "10248.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCR7+ cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the AAV8-Null vector used as a control in this experiment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the AAV8-Null vector was used as a control in this experiment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCR7+ cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the AAV8-Null vector used as a control in this experiment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the AAV8-Null vector is used as a control in this experiment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2427, "image": "9197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the region of observation highlighted in blue in the diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the region of observation is highlighted in blue in the diagram." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the region of observation highlighted in blue in the diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the region of observation is highlighted in blue in the diagram." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1046, "image": "16914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-1 staining typically highlight neuronal cells in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PD-1 staining typically highlights lymphocytes in the cerebellar white matter." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-1 staining typically highlight neuronal cells in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PD-1 staining typically highlights lymphocytes in the cerebellar white matter." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 169, "image": "1054.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frequency histogram of mitochondria size (nm2) n > 100, using at least five different cells of each condition CTRL (n = 2) and IPF (n = 2). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mitochondria visible in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mitochondria are visible in the provided chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frequency histogram of mitochondria size (nm2) n > 100, using at least five different cells of each condition CTRL (n = 2) and IPF (n = 2). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mitochondria visible in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mitochondria are visible in the provided chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1843, "image": "3893.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histotopogram of TRPM6 in the four chamber walls of the human heart of a control subject after traffic accident (\u00d7\u200940 magnification). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can mucicarmine staining be used to detect mucin in goblet cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mucicarmine staining is a technique used to detect the presence of mucin in goblet cells. Mucin is a glycoprotein that is secreted by goblet cells and plays a role in various biological processes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histotopogram of TRPM6 in the four chamber walls of the human heart of a control subject after traffic accident (\u00d7\u200940 magnification). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can mucicarmine staining be used to detect mucin in goblet cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mucicarmine staining can be used to detect mucin in goblet cells. It is a histological staining technique that specifically binds to mucin, allowing for the visualization of mucin-producing cells, such as goblet cells, in tissue samples." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2124, "image": "5100.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ductal structures indicated with arrowheads in the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ductal structures are indicated with arrowheads in the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ductal structures indicated with arrowheads in the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ductal structures are indicated with arrowheads in the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 496, "image": "16434.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. the endothelium was stained negative for ACE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of mainly glial cells in cortical tissue suggest a reactive or supportive role in pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mainly glial cells in cortical tissue can suggest a reactive or supportive role in pathology. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons. They play a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the nervous system. In the context of pathology, the presence of glial cells in cortical tissue may indicate a response to injury, inflammation, or other pathological processes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. the endothelium was stained negative for ACE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of mainly glial cells in cortical tissue suggest a reactive or supportive role in pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of mainly glial cells in cortical tissue can suggest a reactive or supportive role in pathology. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the nervous system. In the context of pathology, the presence of mainly glial cells in cortical tissue may indicate a response to injury, inflammation, or other pathological processes. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1507, "image": "5890.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA set at 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA is set at 1000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA set at 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA is set at 1000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 316, "image": "9493.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD45+ cells indicative of lymphocytes or macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "CD45+ cells are indicative of macrophages." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD45+ cells indicative of lymphocytes or macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "CD45+ cells are indicative of macrophages." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2177, "image": "10636.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SW480 and a SW480 cell line expressing VEGF (SW480-V) were fixed and stained for VEGF (green) and nuclei (DAPI; blue) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Bar 10\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the Tag-Th1 cells labeled with a fluorescent dye in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Tag-Th1 cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye in the study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SW480 and a SW480 cell line expressing VEGF (SW480-V) were fixed and stained for VEGF (green) and nuclei (DAPI; blue) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Bar 10\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the Tag-Th1 cells labeled with a fluorescent dye in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Tag-Th1 cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye in the study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1159, "image": "17008.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a 5% positivity for Ki67 considered within the normal range for many tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a 5% positivity for Ki67 is considered within the normal range for many tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a 5% positivity for Ki67 considered within the normal range for many tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a 5% positivity for Ki67 is generally considered within the normal range for many tissues. However, it is important to note that the normal range for Ki67 positivity can vary depending on the tissue type and the specific context of the study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2538, "image": "2832.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High\u2010magnification SEM image of scaffold surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the detailed features of the PBF-LB/M densified sample be observed in this SEM micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the detailed features of the PBF-LB/M densified sample can be observed in this SEM micrograph." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High\u2010magnification SEM image of scaffold surface. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the detailed features of the PBF-LB/M densified sample be observed in this SEM micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the detailed features of the PBF-LB/M densified sample can be observed in this SEM micrograph." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2489, "image": "14995.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of smoking?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of smoking." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of smoking?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of smoking." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1453, "image": "2308.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were not grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only. They were co-cultured with MMs for 1 hour and analyzed with time-lapse imaging using an automated digital microscope system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were not grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only. They were co-cultured with MMs for 1 hour and analyzed with time-lapse imaging using an automated digital microscope system." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2305, "image": "15960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can SEM images be used to investigate the morphology of fungal infections in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images can be used to investigate the morphology of fungal infections in the lungs. SEM is a powerful imaging technique that provides high-resolution, detailed images of the surface of a sample, which can help visualize and analyze the structure and composition of the tissue being examined." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can SEM images be used to investigate the morphology of fungal infections in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images can be used to investigate the morphology of fungal infections in the lungs. SEM is a powerful imaging technique that provides high-resolution, detailed images of the surface of a sample, which can help visualize and analyze the structure and composition of the fungal infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 783, "image": "2449.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the coupling of IgG with MHA SAM an indication of an immune response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the coupling of IgG with MHA SAM is an indication of an immune response. This can be observed in the image and is consistent with the findings in the reference report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the coupling of IgG with MHA SAM an indication of an immune response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the coupling of IgG with MHA SAM is an indication of an immune response. This is a common feature in certain immune-related conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or infections. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 272, "image": "8321.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a large, well-defined mass present in the right upper lobe?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a large, well-defined mass present in the right upper lobe." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a large, well-defined mass present in the right upper lobe?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a large, well-defined mass present in the right upper lobe." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 180, "image": "2680.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence intensity of cardiac 4-HNE. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU vs. vehicle, (2.7 \u00b1 0.2) \u00d7 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU vs. Vit D + Dox (10 mg/kg), (3.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Vit D, (3.0 \u00b1 0.04) \u00d7 108 AU; Dox (6 mg/kg), (1.6 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU; or Vit D + Dox (6 mg/kg), (2.4 \u00b1 0.5) \u00d7 108 AU vs. vehicle were nonsignificant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the sample taken from the wound bed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample is taken from the wound bed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence intensity of cardiac 4-HNE. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU vs. vehicle, (2.7 \u00b1 0.2) \u00d7 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU vs. Vit D + Dox (10 mg/kg), (3.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Vit D, (3.0 \u00b1 0.04) \u00d7 108 AU; Dox (6 mg/kg), (1.6 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 108 AU; or Vit D + Dox (6 mg/kg), (2.4 \u00b1 0.5) \u00d7 108 AU vs. vehicle were nonsignificant. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the sample taken from the wound bed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample is taken from the wound bed." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 911, "image": "5695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels associated with the tumor mass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows LYVE+ lymphatic vessels associated with the tumor mass." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels associated with the tumor mass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows LYVE+ lymphatic vessels associated with the tumor mass." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1146, "image": "15057.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlarged image of non-infected cells treated \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the material prepared with 15 wt% TEC?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the material was prepared with 15 wt% TEC." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlarged image of non-infected cells treated \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the material prepared with 15 wt% TEC?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the material was prepared with 15 wt% TEC." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 319, "image": "4143.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunofluorescence images of chorionic villi showing in situ expression of FTO and m6A in both groups (Normal n = 3; Patient n = 3; NC:negative control n = 3). Blue \u2013 FTO and red \u2013 m6A \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bacterial isolates relevant in the diagnosis of chest infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, bacterial isolates can be relevant in the diagnosis of chest infections. Identifying the specific bacteria involved in the infection can help healthcare professionals determine the appropriate treatment and management strategies for the patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunofluorescence images of chorionic villi showing in situ expression of FTO and m6A in both groups (Normal n = 3; Patient n = 3; NC:negative control n = 3). Blue \u2013 FTO and red \u2013 m6A \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are bacterial isolates relevant in the diagnosis of chest infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, bacterial isolates can be relevant in the diagnosis of chest infections. Identifying the specific bacteria involved in the infection can help healthcare professionals determine the appropriate treatment and management strategies for the patient." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 406, "image": "2877.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of significant cellular necrosis in the chest pathology image 48 hours post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of significant cellular necrosis in the chest pathology image 48 hours post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of significant cellular necrosis in the chest pathology image 48 hours post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of significant cellular necrosis in the chest pathology image 48 hours post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1819, "image": "13557.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The digital photo of sample B (novel colored latex paint coating containing paraffin@SiO2 colored microcapsules) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 200 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 200 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The digital photo of sample B (novel colored latex paint coating containing paraffin@SiO2 colored microcapsules) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 200 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 200 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2557, "image": "8584.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in this image 20\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used in this image is 20\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in this image 20\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used in this image is 20\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1465, "image": "15307.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a scanning electron microscope \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image does not show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a scanning electron microscope \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image does not show any particles larger than 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 644, "image": "8283.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. surface morphology by SE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image of nitrogen plasma likely to display cellular components?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image of nitrogen plasma is not likely to display cellular components." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. surface morphology by SE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image of nitrogen plasma likely to display cellular components?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image of nitrogen plasma is not likely to display cellular components." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1483, "image": "12707.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the OCN protein expression measured using PCR techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCN protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the OCN protein expression measured using PCR techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the OCN protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1429, "image": "10576.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Iba1-positive cells typically amoeboid/activated in morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Iba1-positive cells are typically amoeboid/activated in morphology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Iba1-positive cells typically amoeboid/activated in morphology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Iba1-positive cells are typically amoeboid/activated in morphology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 845, "image": "14813.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postnatal day 8 mice were treated with intranasal FITC-insulin or saline and their brains were fixed 30\u00a0min post-administration and immunostained with phospho-S6-specific antibody. Imaging of FITC fluorescence reveals widespread FITC distribution in the brain, indicating the presence of the FITC-insulin in the brain (left). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Camptobasidium arcticum typically cultured on PDA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Camptobasidium arcticum is typically cultured on PDA, which stands for Potato Dextrose Agar. This is a common medium used for growing fungi in the laboratory." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postnatal day 8 mice were treated with intranasal FITC-insulin or saline and their brains were fixed 30\u00a0min post-administration and immunostained with phospho-S6-specific antibody. Imaging of FITC fluorescence reveals widespread FITC distribution in the brain, indicating the presence of the FITC-insulin in the brain (left). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Camptobasidium arcticum typically cultured on PDA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Camptobasidium arcticum is typically cultured on PDA, which stands for Potato Dextrose Agar. This is a common medium used for growing fungi in the laboratory." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1055, "image": "13255.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the perforating vessels contribute to the growth pattern of the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the perforating vessels contribute to the growth pattern of the tumor. The image shows that the tumor has grown along the perforating vessels, which are blood vessels that penetrate through the tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the perforating vessels contribute to the growth pattern of the tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the perforating vessels contribute to the growth pattern of the tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 283, "image": "17003.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of NFC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hematoxylin & Eosin staining be used to distinguish between vascular and avascular tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining can be used to help distinguish between vascular and avascular tumors. H&E staining is a common technique used in histology to visualize the structure and morphology of tissues. It can provide valuable information about the cellular composition and organization of the tissue, which can help in identifying the presence or absence of blood vessels within the tumor. However, it is important to note that H&E staining alone may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis, and additional tests and imaging studies may be required to confirm the diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of NFC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Hematoxylin & Eosin staining be used to distinguish between vascular and avascular tumors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining can be used to distinguish between vascular and avascular tumors. H&E staining is a common technique used in histology to visualize the structure and morphology of tissues. It helps to differentiate between various tissue components and can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of tumors." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2451, "image": "110.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the development of the thylakoid membrane be observed in human lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the development of the thylakoid membrane cannot be observed in human lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the development of the thylakoid membrane be observed in human lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the development of the thylakoid membrane cannot be observed in human lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2555, "image": "8584.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image stained using Hematoxylin-eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is stained using Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). This is a common staining technique used in histology to visualize the structure of tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image stained using Hematoxylin-eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is stained using Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 691, "image": "3269.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inclusion material described as filamentous and amyloid-like?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inclusion material is described as filamentous and amyloid-like in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the inclusion material described as filamentous and amyloid-like?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inclusion material is described as filamentous and amyloid-like in the reference report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2118, "image": "151.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cystic sellar salivary gland-like lesion from case 1 was composed of large numbers of uniformly-sized acinar glands lined by low cuboidal epithelium without associated inflammation. H & E, \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PMS2 immunostaining provide information about mismatch repair protein status in surgical resection margins?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PMS2 immunostaining can provide information about mismatch repair protein status in surgical resection margins. It is a technique used to visualize the presence and distribution of PMS2, a protein involved in DNA mismatch repair. By assessing the PMS2 immunostaining in surgical resection margins, healthcare professionals can gain insights into the potential presence of mismatch repair deficiencies, which may be associated with certain types of cancer or other genetic disorders." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cystic sellar salivary gland-like lesion from case 1 was composed of large numbers of uniformly-sized acinar glands lined by low cuboidal epithelium without associated inflammation. H & E, \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PMS2 immunostaining provide information about mismatch repair protein status in surgical resection margins?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PMS2 immunostaining can provide information about mismatch repair protein status in surgical resection margins. This can help in assessing the presence or absence of mismatch repair deficiency, which may be relevant in certain clinical situations." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 645, "image": "8283.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. surface morphology by SE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can nitrogen plasma be observed using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nitrogen plasma can be observed using an SEM. The image provided shows the surface morphology of the sample after exposure to nitrogen plasma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. surface morphology by SE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can nitrogen plasma be observed using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, nitrogen plasma can be observed using an SEM." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1859, "image": "843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of \u201cCa. Midichloria mitochondrii\u201d cells possibly in the cytoplasm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images represent worms that were isolated from mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images represent worms that were isolated from mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of \u201cCa. Midichloria mitochondrii\u201d cells possibly in the cytoplasm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images represent worms that were isolated from mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images represent worms that were isolated from mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1510, "image": "6056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hydroxychloroquine exposure cause degeneration of the renal tubule in fish?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that hydroxychloroquine exposure can cause degeneration of the renal tubule in fish." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hydroxychloroquine exposure cause degeneration of the renal tubule in fish?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that hydroxychloroquine exposure can cause degeneration of the renal tubule in fish." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1062, "image": "1140.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. BrdU and DC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Ad-shMeox1 influence the expression of SDF-1\u03b1 in arterial injuries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, Ad-shMeox1 can influence the expression of SDF-1\u03b1 in arterial injuries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. BrdU and DC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Ad-shMeox1 influence the expression of SDF-1\u03b1 in arterial injuries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that Ad-shMeox1 can influence the expression of SDF-1\u03b1 in arterial injuries." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2573, "image": "8736.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it important to quantify hydrogel dimensions after removal from the in vitro environment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important to quantify hydrogel dimensions after removal from the in vitro environment. This can help assess the hydrogel's properties, such as its size, shape, and potential changes in response to various factors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is it important to quantify hydrogel dimensions after removal from the in vitro environment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is important to quantify hydrogel dimensions after removal from the in vitro environment. This can help assess the hydrogel's properties, such as its size, shape, and potential changes that may have occurred during the in vitro testing process." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2197, "image": "1394.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematic for incorporating the differential threshold between top and bottom surface of the cell through altering the PKB*s mediated inhibition on RasGTP \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) imaging be used to observe cells at the moment of parasite egress?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, DIC imaging can be used to observe cells at the moment of parasite egress. It is a valuable tool for visualizing and studying the morphology and behavior of cells, including the presence of parasites, in real-time." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematic for incorporating the differential threshold between top and bottom surface of the cell through altering the PKB*s mediated inhibition on RasGTP \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) imaging be used to observe cells at the moment of parasite egress?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, DIC imaging can be used to observe cells at the moment of parasite egress." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 883, "image": "4197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fluorescence reconstitution be detected by epifluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fluorescence reconstitution can be detected by epifluorescence." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fluorescence reconstitution be detected by epifluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fluorescence reconstitution can be detected by epifluorescence." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1281, "image": "3951.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample definitive for a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample is not definitive for a specific diagnosis. It is important to consider other factors and consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample definitive for a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample is not definitive for a specific diagnosis. It is important to consider other factors and clinical information when making a diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 224, "image": "5370.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do untreated U87 cells show fragmented mitochondria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, untreated U87 cells do not show fragmented mitochondria." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do untreated U87 cells show fragmented mitochondria?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, untreated U87 cells do not show fragmented mitochondria." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 914, "image": "5695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of CD31+ blood vessels exclusive to non-tumor tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of CD31+ blood vessels is not exclusive to non-tumor tissues. They can also be found in tumor tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of CD31+ blood vessels exclusive to non-tumor tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of CD31+ blood vessels is not exclusive to non-tumor tissues. They can also be found in tumor tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1249, "image": "10937.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SCID mice infected intravenously with the mmpB mutant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SCID mice were infected intravenously with the mmpB mutant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SCID mice infected intravenously with the mmpB mutant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SCID mice were infected intravenously with the mmpB mutant." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1587, "image": "1322.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does heterochromatin generally indicate a more condensed form of chromatin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, heterochromatin generally indicates a more condensed form of chromatin compared to euchromatin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does heterochromatin generally indicate a more condensed form of chromatin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, heterochromatin is generally considered to be a more condensed form of chromatin compared to euchromatin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1057, "image": "5601.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Wholemount immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (in red), to label the midbrain dopamine (DA) system, and Citrine (in green), to label substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons, followed by tissue clearing and Ultramicroscope light sheet imaging (sample shown is from a P0 mouse). Dorsal is to the top \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can P63 positivity be used to distinguish between epithelial and non-epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P63 positivity can be used to distinguish between epithelial and non-epithelial cells. In the provided image, P63 positivity is observed in the epithelial cells of the olfactory bulb, while it is absent in the non-epithelial cells of the olfactory bulb. This distinction can be helpful in identifying and differentiating between various cell types in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Wholemount immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (in red), to label the midbrain dopamine (DA) system, and Citrine (in green), to label substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons, followed by tissue clearing and Ultramicroscope light sheet imaging (sample shown is from a P0 mouse). Dorsal is to the top \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can P63 positivity be used to distinguish between epithelial and non-epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, P63 positivity can be used to distinguish between epithelial and non-epithelial cells in the context of the provided image and report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 260, "image": "9387.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin staining for donor hearts under magnification of 20 (Scale length: 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor infiltrated with T-cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor in the image is infiltrated with T-cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin staining for donor hearts under magnification of 20 (Scale length: 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tumor infiltrated with T-cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor in the image is infiltrated with T-cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 851, "image": "9406.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can silk fibroin be used as a biomaterial in chest pathology studies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, silk fibroin can be used as a biomaterial in chest pathology studies. It has been reported to be used in various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can silk fibroin be used as a biomaterial in chest pathology studies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, silk fibroin can be used as a biomaterial in chest pathology studies. It has been reported to be a promising biomaterial for various applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical device development." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2255, "image": "16395.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons only present in the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tph-mRNA expressing neurons are not only present in the III ventricle but also in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the spinal cord." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons only present in the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tph-mRNA expressing neurons are present in other areas of the brain as well, not just in the III ventricle." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1247, "image": "10937.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the slides from the lungs of SCID mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the slides from the lungs of SCID mice are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the slides from the lungs of SCID mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the slides from the lungs of SCID mice are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 856, "image": "6173.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of green fluorescence per cell in (J \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the zoomed area from (B indicative of an infectious process in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the zoomed area from (B in the image suggests an infectious process in the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of green fluorescence per cell in (J \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the zoomed area from (B indicative of an infectious process in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the zoomed area from (B in the image suggests an infectious process in the lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1997, "image": "14903.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E-stained slides were digitally scanned on an Aperio ImageScope Digital slide scanner at low-power (\u00d71.2). We used an algorithm developed by Visiopharm (imaging analysis software) to more objectively quantity steatosis droplets in the liver biopsies. Lipid droplets that were considered as macrovesicular steatosis droplets measured\u2009>\u2009250 square \u00b5m in greatest dimension (turquoise-colored circles) and microvesicular steatosis \u201cEq.\u00a0(2)\u201d droplets were those that measured\u2009<\u2009250 square \u00b5m (magenta circles). All lipid droplets smaller than 25 square microns were removed to diminish background. Vessels and artifacts in the biopsy tissue were marked with black dashed lines (see G and H), allowing them to be removed from analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold mentioned in the context of chest pathology imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold is not mentioned in the context of chest pathology imaging. It is mentioned in the context of liver biopsies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E-stained slides were digitally scanned on an Aperio ImageScope Digital slide scanner at low-power (\u00d71.2). We used an algorithm developed by Visiopharm (imaging analysis software) to more objectively quantity steatosis droplets in the liver biopsies. Lipid droplets that were considered as macrovesicular steatosis droplets measured\u2009>\u2009250 square \u00b5m in greatest dimension (turquoise-colored circles) and microvesicular steatosis \u201cEq.\u00a0(2)\u201d droplets were those that measured\u2009<\u2009250 square \u00b5m (magenta circles). All lipid droplets smaller than 25 square microns were removed to diminish background. Vessels and artifacts in the biopsy tissue were marked with black dashed lines (see G and H), allowing them to be removed from analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold mentioned in the context of chest pathology imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold is not mentioned in the context of chest pathology imaging. It is mentioned in the context of liver pathology imaging." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1572, "image": "10796.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative micrograph of the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary about six weeks before sexual maturation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does SNX19\u0394PXA-GFP indicate deletion of the PXA domain in SNX19?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SNX19\u0394PXA-GFP indicates the deletion of the PXA domain in SNX19." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative micrograph of the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary about six weeks before sexual maturation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does SNX19\u0394PXA-GFP indicate deletion of the PXA domain in SNX19?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SNX19\u0394PXA-GFP indicates a deletion of the PXA domain in SNX19." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2591, "image": "2931.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the scanning electron microscope (SEM) diagram taken at a temperature of 350\u00b0C?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) diagram was taken at a temperature of 350\u00b0C." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the scanning electron microscope (SEM) diagram taken at a temperature of 350\u00b0C?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) diagram was taken at a temperature of 350\u00b0C." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1841, "image": "3893.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histotopogram of TRPM6 in the four chamber walls of the human heart of a control subject after traffic accident (\u00d7\u200940 magnification). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucous goblet cells identifiable with mucicarmine staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mucous goblet cells are identifiable with mucicarmine staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histotopogram of TRPM6 in the four chamber walls of the human heart of a control subject after traffic accident (\u00d7\u200940 magnification). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mucous goblet cells identifiable with mucicarmine staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mucous goblet cells are identifiable with mucicarmine staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 564, "image": "3552.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the analyzed sample 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the analyzed sample is 15,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the analyzed sample 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the analyzed sample is 15,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1047, "image": "16914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can PD-1 staining indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PD-1 staining can be used to identify the presence of an inflammatory process in the cerebellar white matter. In the provided image, the presence of PD-1 staining in the cerebellar white matter may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can PD-1 staining indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PD-1 staining can be used to identify inflammatory processes in the cerebellar white matter. In this case, the PD-1 staining is positive, which suggests the presence of an inflammat" } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 976, "image": "9900.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chitosan absent from the composition of the biodegradable film?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chitosan is present in the composition of the biodegradable film." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chitosan absent from the composition of the biodegradable film?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chitosan is present in the composition of the biodegradable film." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2130, "image": "444.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image present at a level higher than 30%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image are present at a level lower than 30%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image present at a level higher than 30%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided chest pathology image does not show the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) at a level higher than 30%." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1042, "image": "13032.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of metastatic disease in the examined lymph nodes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of metastatic disease in the examined lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of metastatic disease in the examined lymph nodes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of metastatic disease in the examined lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2334, "image": "14727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report show evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1696, "image": "16304.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Flower; \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does mNG-CEP78L150S show concentration at the centrosome in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided images do not show concentration at the centrosome for mNG-CEP78L150S." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Flower; \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does mNG-CEP78L150S show concentration at the centrosome in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided images do not show concentration at the centrosome for mNG-CEP78L150S." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2332, "image": "1456.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thickening of the endomysium and perimysium observed in the muscle biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the muscle biopsy shows thickening of the endomysium and perimysium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there thickening of the endomysium and perimysium observed in the muscle biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the muscle biopsy shows thickening of the endomysium and perimysium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1582, "image": "11112.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the CD38 molecule distribution differ between untreated and ricolinostat-treated MM.1S cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CD38 molecule distribution appears to be different between untreated and ricolinostat-treated MM.1S cells. The untreated cells show a more uniform distribution of CD38 molecules, while the ricolinostat-treated cells exhibit a more heterogeneous distribution of CD38 molecules." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the CD38 molecule distribution differ between untreated and ricolinostat-treated MM.1S cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CD38 molecule distribution appears to differ between untreated and ricolinostat-treated MM.1S cells. The untreated cells show a more homogeneous distribution of CD38 molecules, while the ricolinostat-treated cells exhibit a more heterogeneous distribution." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1454, "image": "15427.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy analysis of kidney sections stained with anti\u2010WT1 antibody in untreated (UT) mice, LPS\u2010treated mice and LPS/Cmip siRNA\u2010treated mice. Note that the expression of Wt1 is preserved in mice treated with LPS and Cmip\u2010siRNA, as compared with LPS alone. Scale bar, 10 microns; lower panel, mean number of WT1\u2010positive cells by glomerulus. Data are means \u00b1 SD. The abundance of WT1 is lower in LPS\u2010treated mice (n\u00a0=\u00a05 mice), than in LPS/Cmip siRNA\u2010treated mice (n\u00a0=\u00a05 mice) (30 glomeruli were analyzed per mouse, ***p\u00a0<\u00a00.001, Mann\u2010Whitney test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Patient A exhibit elevated eosinophil counts at C4 and C5 during pembrolizumab therapy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report indicate that Patient A exhibited elevated eosinophil counts at C4 and C5 during pembrolizumab therapy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy analysis of kidney sections stained with anti\u2010WT1 antibody in untreated (UT) mice, LPS\u2010treated mice and LPS/Cmip siRNA\u2010treated mice. Note that the expression of Wt1 is preserved in mice treated with LPS and Cmip\u2010siRNA, as compared with LPS alone. Scale bar, 10 microns; lower panel, mean number of WT1\u2010positive cells by glomerulus. Data are means \u00b1 SD. The abundance of WT1 is lower in LPS\u2010treated mice (n\u00a0=\u00a05 mice), than in LPS/Cmip siRNA\u2010treated mice (n\u00a0=\u00a05 mice) (30 glomeruli were analyzed per mouse, ***p\u00a0<\u00a00.001, Mann\u2010Whitney test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Patient A exhibit elevated eosinophil counts at C4 and C5 during pembrolizumab therapy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report show that Patient A exhibited elevated eosinophil counts at C4 and C5 during pembrolizumab therapy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 547, "image": "16771.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is immunoreactivity for beta-tubulin observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, immunoreactivity for beta-tubulin is observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB) in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is immunoreactivity for beta-tubulin observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunoreactivity for beta-tubulin is observed at the periphery of the Lewy body (LB) in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2032, "image": "7639.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative micrographs of H&E stainings (bar = 500\u00b5m) and immunohistochemical stainings of human CD4+ T cells, human CD20+ B cells and human CD138+ cells (bar = 100 \u00b5m) in splenic sections of mice receiving PBMC from HD, SSc and GPA patients. The splenic samples were collected 12 weeks after transfer of human PBMC and prepared for histological evaluation. All data are presented as mean \u00b1 SD. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nest disposition of malignant cells observed in the lamina propria in vaginal melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nest disposition of malignant cells is observed in the lamina propria in vaginal melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative micrographs of H&E stainings (bar = 500\u00b5m) and immunohistochemical stainings of human CD4+ T cells, human CD20+ B cells and human CD138+ cells (bar = 100 \u00b5m) in splenic sections of mice receiving PBMC from HD, SSc and GPA patients. The splenic samples were collected 12 weeks after transfer of human PBMC and prepared for histological evaluation. All data are presented as mean \u00b1 SD. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nest disposition of malignant cells observed in the lamina propria in vaginal melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nest disposition of malignant cells is observed in the lamina propria in vaginal melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1971, "image": "8354.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantitative data (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error) of the FL signal emitted from the injection area shown in B \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are GFP-positive cells indicative of tumor invasion in mGBM-TK?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of GFP-positive cells in the injection area is indicative of tumor invasion in mGBM-TK." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantitative data (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error) of the FL signal emitted from the injection area shown in B \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are GFP-positive cells indicative of tumor invasion in mGBM-TK?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of GFP-positive cells in the mGBM-TK tumor indicates tumor invasion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 363, "image": "9380.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Progesterone receptor staining from case belonging to the 75\u2013100% group at \u00d7200 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of HLA-DR immunostaining in a bladder tumor indicate an immune response within the tumor microenvironment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of HLA-DR immunostaining in a bladder tumor can indicate an immune response within the tumor microenvironment. HLA-DR is a protein that is involved in the immune system's response to foreign substances. In the context of a bladder tumor, the presence of HLA-DR staining may suggest that the immune system is actively responding to the tumor. However, it is important to consider the overall clinical context and other factors when interpreting these findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Progesterone receptor staining from case belonging to the 75\u2013100% group at \u00d7200 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of HLA-DR immunostaining in a bladder tumor indicate an immune response within the tumor microenvironment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of HLA-DR immunostaining in a bladder tumor can be an indication of an immune response within the tumor microenvironment. HLA-DR is a protein that is involved in the immune system's response to foreign substances. In the context of cancer, the presence of HLA-DR staining in a tumor may suggest that the immune system is actively responding to the tumor. However, it is important to consider the overall clinical context and other factors when interpreting these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 188, "image": "8109.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Optical micrograph of the investigated face C (see Figure 1), which is divided into edge, middle and core areas following visual observation of fibre degradation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are brown septate hyphae visible under microscopic examination at 400 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, brown septate hyphae are visible under microscopic examination at 400 magnification in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Optical micrograph of the investigated face C (see Figure 1), which is divided into edge, middle and core areas following visual observation of fibre degradation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are brown septate hyphae visible under microscopic examination at 400 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, brown septate hyphae are visible under microscopic examination at 400 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 436, "image": "13086.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the histological images 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the histological images is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the histological images 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the histological images is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 608, "image": "14187.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were two different extract dilutions used in the experiments with CONA resin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, two different extract dilutions were used in the experiments with CONA resin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were two different extract dilutions used in the experiments with CONA resin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, two different extract dilutions were used in the experiments with CONA resin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2530, "image": "12885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) of confocal micrographs of immunofluorescence assays for PCDH19 and \u03b2III-tubulin showing the structure of neural rosettes derived from CTRL, PCDH19mut and mixed iPSCs. Scale bar = 20 \u03bcm. 3D rendering shows the type of division close to the center of the rosettes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are filters applied to obtain the axon maps?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, filters are applied to obtain the axon maps. These filters help to enhance the contrast and visualization of the axons in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) of confocal micrographs of immunofluorescence assays for PCDH19 and \u03b2III-tubulin showing the structure of neural rosettes derived from CTRL, PCDH19mut and mixed iPSCs. Scale bar = 20 \u03bcm. 3D rendering shows the type of division close to the center of the rosettes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are filters applied to obtain the axon maps?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, filters are applied to obtain the axon maps." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 636, "image": "10497.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does 1% DMSO treatment in normal rats usually result in the formation of granulomas in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, 1% DMSO treatment in normal rats does not usually result in the formation of granulomas in the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does 1% DMSO treatment in normal rats usually result in the formation of granulomas in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, 1% DMSO treatment in normal rats does not usually result in the formation of granulomas in the lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2400, "image": "1158.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Syndecan-1 H-score: 34.70. Ki-67: 41.67%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (D' and D''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: blue 0 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bars indicating measurements of 50 \u00b5m included in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the bars in the image indicate measurements of 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Syndecan-1 H-score: 34.70. Ki-67: 41.67%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (D' and D''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: blue 0 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the bars indicating measurements of 50 \u00b5m included in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the bars in the image indicate measurements of 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 246, "image": "10787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for AM with 25 \u03bcW/cm2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells transfected with plasmids encoding GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were transfected with plasmids encoding GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for AM with 25 \u03bcW/cm2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells transfected with plasmids encoding GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were transfected with plasmids encoding GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1528, "image": "14159.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid adencarcinoma with signet ring cell features \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FM4-64 staining used for labeling cell membranes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FM4-64 staining is used for labeling cell membranes in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Solid adencarcinoma with signet ring cell features \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FM4-64 staining used for labeling cell membranes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FM4-64 staining is used for labeling cell membranes in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1518, "image": "1506.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the chest pathology image mostly spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the chest pathology image are mostly spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells in the chest pathology image mostly spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the chest pathology image are mostly spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2395, "image": "335.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gestational age of the fetus 22 weeks?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gestational age of the fetus in the image is 22 weeks." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gestational age of the fetus 22 weeks?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gestational age of the fetus in the image is 22 weeks." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1884, "image": "13865.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Same as in (A) except for Ank1+/+;Dlx5/6-Cre \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the fibers in sample 1 primarily collagen fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fibers in sample 1 are primarily collagen fibers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Same as in (A) except for Ank1+/+;Dlx5/6-Cre \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the fibers in sample 1 primarily collagen fibers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fibers in sample 1 are primarily collagen fibers." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2100, "image": "12001.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of PDX1 positive cells higher in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mice compared to saline-treated mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of PDX1 positive cells is higher in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mice compared to saline-treated mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of PDX1 positive cells higher in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mice compared to saline-treated mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of PDX1 positive cells is higher in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mice compared to saline-treated mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 999, "image": "13763.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of cells of the Billroth pulp cords, as well as single cells of the spleen capsule (\u00d7200, \u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PD-L1 expression commonly assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PD-L1 expression is commonly assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in pathological examinations. IHC is a technique that uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples, allowing for the visualization and quantification of protein expression." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of cells of the Billroth pulp cords, as well as single cells of the spleen capsule (\u00d7200, \u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PD-L1 expression commonly assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PD-L1 expression is commonly assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in pathological examinations. IHC is a technique that uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples, allowing for the visualization and quantification of protein expression." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2182, "image": "11384.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intensity of the positive signals categorized into strong, moderate, and weak?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intensity of the positive signals in the image is categorized into strong, moderate, and weak." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the intensity of the positive signals categorized into strong, moderate, and weak?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the intensity of the positive signals is categorized into strong, moderate, and weak." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 46, "image": "1930.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A simple illustration of prevention protocol by the KRE in the TRAMP model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissues from the mice visualized using MALDI-MSI and IF techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissues from the mice were visualized using MALDI-MSI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging) and IF (Immunofluorescence) techniques." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A simple illustration of prevention protocol by the KRE in the TRAMP model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissues from the mice visualized using MALDI-MSI and IF techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissues from the mice were visualized using MALDI-MSI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging) and IF (Immunofluorescence) techniques." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 461, "image": "9765.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the beads in the optical image be described as moist?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the beads in the optical image can be described as moist." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the beads in the optical image be described as moist?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the beads in the optical image can be described as moist." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2125, "image": "5100.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report mention the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report does not mention the presence of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report mention the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report does not mention the presence of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2581, "image": "3663.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the AFM images show DNA architecture in the absence of small molecule therapeutics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the AFM images show DNA architecture in the absence of small molecule therapeutics." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the AFM images show DNA architecture in the absence of small molecule therapeutics?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the AFM images show DNA architecture in the absence of small molecule therapeutics." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1161, "image": "5452.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were recipient cultures evaluated for the number of IE Ag-positive cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the recipient cultures were evaluated for the number of IE Ag-positive cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were recipient cultures evaluated for the number of IE Ag-positive cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the recipient cultures were evaluated for the number of IE Ag-positive cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1722, "image": "16309.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Telmisartan 50 \u00b5M \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b1-tubulin levels used as a loading control in the Western blots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b1-tubulin levels are used as a loading control in the Western blots." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Telmisartan 50 \u00b5M \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b1-tubulin levels used as a loading control in the Western blots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b1-tubulin levels are used as a loading control in the Western blots." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 626, "image": "12078.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the immunostaining involve a phospho-S6-specific antibody?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunostaining involved a phospho-S6-specific antibody." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the immunostaining involve a phospho-S6-specific antibody?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunostaining involved a phospho-S6-specific antibody." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1822, "image": "6489.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the granular layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermolysis is located in the granular layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the granular layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermolysis is located in the granular layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 13, "image": "12071.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunogold particles observed in lysosome-like structures in larger neurons \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described as pure intracortical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion is described as pure intracortical." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunogold particles observed in lysosome-like structures in larger neurons \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the lesion described as pure intracortical?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lesion is described as pure intracortical." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1043, "image": "13032.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MelanA staining be used to identify melanocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MelanA staining can be used to identify melanocytes in the tissue sample. MelanA is a protein that is specifically expressed in melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. By staining for MelanA, researchers can visualize and study the distribution and morphology of melanocytes in the tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MelanA staining be used to identify melanocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MelanA staining can be used to identify melanocytes in the context of the image. MelanA is a protein that is expressed in melanocytes, which are specialized cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. By staining for MelanA, researchers can visualize and study the distribution and behavior of melanocytes in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2001, "image": "8046.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. basidiospore \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes identified by blue arrows in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the blue arrows in the image are pointing to lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. basidiospore \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes identified by blue arrows in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes are identified by blue arrows in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 718, "image": "7167.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A raw 3D image of FAD fluorescence of lung is shown. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gross image indicative of a healthy pancreas with no abnormalities?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gross image of the pancreas appears to be normal, with no visible abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A raw 3D image of FAD fluorescence of lung is shown. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the gross image indicative of a healthy pancreas with no abnormalities?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the gross image of the pancreas appears to be normal, with no abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2026, "image": "7274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E stain (original magnification \u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provide detailed surface images of the chest pathology specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide detailed surface images of the chest pathology specimen. SEM is a powerful imaging technique that allows for high-resolution visualization of the surface of a specimen, which can be particularly useful in studying the structure and morphology of cells, tissues, and other biological materials." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E stain (original magnification \u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provide detailed surface images of the chest pathology specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide detailed surface images of the chest pathology specimen. SEM is a powerful imaging technique that allows for the visualization of the surface structure and composition of a sample at a high resolution. It can be particularly useful for examining the morphology and structure of cells and tissues in a non-destructive manner." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 423, "image": "2926.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mast cells considered in the differential diagnosis for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mast cells are considered in the differential diagnosis for this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mast cells considered in the differential diagnosis for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mast cells are considered in the differential diagnosis for this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2521, "image": "2162.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining of Opto-htl embryos performed under only illumination conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining of Opto-htl embryos is performed under both dark-field and illuminated conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining of Opto-htl embryos performed under only illumination conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining of Opto-htl embryos is performed under both illumination and dark-field conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1188, "image": "3317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma characterized by the absence of invasion into the muscle layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma is characterized by the absence of invasion into the muscle layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma characterized by the absence of invasion into the muscle layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma is characterized by the absence of invasion into the muscle layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2569, "image": "6332.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the HDLECs pretreated with different macrophage CM for 48 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HDLECs were pretreated with different macrophage CM for 48 hours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the HDLECs pretreated with different macrophage CM for 48 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the HDLECs were pretreated with different macrophage CM for 48 hours." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1494, "image": "14362.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neurons expressing tdTomato indicated in red in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neurons expressing tdTomato are indicated in red in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neurons expressing tdTomato indicated in red in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neurons expressing tdTomato are indicated in red in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 639, "image": "11898.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Close-up of the tobacco cell wall between adjacent epidermis cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in the image stained with shades of green?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the image are stained with shades of green." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Close-up of the tobacco cell wall between adjacent epidermis cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in the image stained with shades of green?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the image are stained with shades of green." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2132, "image": "444.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the provided photomicrograph set at \u00d7200?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the provided photomicrograph is set at \u00d7200." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the provided photomicrograph set at \u00d7200?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the provided photomicrograph is set at \u00d7200." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2106, "image": "9740.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Z-stack confocal images of 3D organoids showing expression of MHC, Titin, cTnnT2, MLC, CX43 as indicated, scale bar = 300\u00a0\u00b5m, unmerged images are shown in Figure S11 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histomorphometric analysis indicate cellular repair in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histomorphometric analysis indicates cellular repair in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Z-stack confocal images of 3D organoids showing expression of MHC, Titin, cTnnT2, MLC, CX43 as indicated, scale bar = 300\u00a0\u00b5m, unmerged images are shown in Figure S11 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histomorphometric analysis indicate cellular repair in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histomorphometric analysis indicates cellular repair in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 6, "image": "5042.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantitative analysis of the relative intensity of adherent T24 and RT4 cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the peri-portal ductular reaction show collagen I deposition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the peri-portal ductular reaction in the image shows collagen I deposition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantitative analysis of the relative intensity of adherent T24 and RT4 cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the peri-portal ductular reaction show collagen I deposition?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the peri-portal ductular reaction in the image shows collagen I deposition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2410, "image": "13169.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H/E staining 50\u00d7 of dermal neoplastic nodules and nests. Scale bars, 200 \u00b5m. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the glandular cells express CREM in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows that the glandular cells express CREM." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H/E staining 50\u00d7 of dermal neoplastic nodules and nests. Scale bars, 200 \u00b5m. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the glandular cells express CREM in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glandular cells in the pathology image express CREM." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1280, "image": "3951.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can EDX elemental mapping be used to detect multiple elements in a chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, EDX elemental mapping can be used to detect multiple elements in a chest pathology sample. It is a powerful technique that allows for the visualization and analysis of the distribution of various elements within a sample. This can be particularly useful in identifying and characterizing different components of a tissue sample, such as cells, extracellular matrix, and other materials." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can EDX elemental mapping be used to detect multiple elements in a chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, EDX elemental mapping can be used to detect multiple elements in a chest pathology sample. It is a technique that allows for the visualization and analysis of the distribution of various elements within a sample, which can be helpful in identifying and characterizing different components of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1955, "image": "8844.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SKOV-3 human serous ovarian cancer cells with DAPI nuclear staining (red) and with ASP and OR4M1 (green). Magnification, \u00d7100 using a Leica DM4000 microscope (Scale bar, 10 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Interleukin1-\u03b2 a pro-inflammatory cytokine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Interleukin1-\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to inflammation and infection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SKOV-3 human serous ovarian cancer cells with DAPI nuclear staining (red) and with ASP and OR4M1 (green). Magnification, \u00d7100 using a Leica DM4000 microscope (Scale bar, 10 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Interleukin1-\u03b2 a pro-inflammatory cytokine?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Interleukin1-\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to inflammation and infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 81, "image": "7652.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. reference standard defined by the exper \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the trigeminal ganglion be visualized at E11.5 in chest pathology imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the trigeminal ganglion cannot be visualized at E11.5 in chest pathology imaging." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. reference standard defined by the exper \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the trigeminal ganglion be visualized at E11.5 in chest pathology imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the trigeminal ganglion cannot be visualized at E11.5 in chest pathology imaging." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 447, "image": "1294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the WGA staining have an original magnification of \u00d71000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the WGA staining in the image has an original magnification of \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the WGA staining have an original magnification of \u00d71000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the WGA staining has an original magnification of \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1458, "image": "3137.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gross appearance of the specimens removed at surgery \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign material contain osseous tissues without a lamellar structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign material in the image contains osseous tissues without a lamellar structure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Gross appearance of the specimens removed at surgery \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the foreign material contain osseous tissues without a lamellar structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the foreign material in the image contains osseous tissues without a lamellar structure." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1218, "image": "15300.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Brown relative to background \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the region of interest include areas within 7% from the top or bottom of the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the region of interest does not include areas within 7% from the top or bottom of the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Brown relative to background \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the region of interest include areas within 7% from the top or bottom of the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the region of interest does not include areas within 7% from the top or bottom of the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 955, "image": "15273.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal micrographs of unstained paraffin sections with excitation 488/568/647 nm show autofluorescence in some areas on the PET carrier in addition to monkey RPE. The image shows a central area of the hESC-RPE graft \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 include carbon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 includes carbon." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal micrographs of unstained paraffin sections with excitation 488/568/647 nm show autofluorescence in some areas on the PET carrier in addition to monkey RPE. The image shows a central area of the hESC-RPE graft \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 include carbon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 includes carbon." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 233, "image": "13124.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could N. inconspicua be mistaken for a pathogen in a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not a pathogen. It is a type of fungus that can be found in various environments, but it is not harmful to humans." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Could N. inconspicua be mistaken for a pathogen in a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua could not be mistaken for a pathogen in a chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 960, "image": "15053.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of lipase Burkholderia cepacia (PS Lip) entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA 18-88) nanofibers with \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microparticles formulation F4 likely to be observed with the naked eye?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microparticles formulation F4 are not likely to be observed with the naked eye." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of lipase Burkholderia cepacia (PS Lip) entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA 18-88) nanofibers with \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are microparticles formulation F4 likely to be observed with the naked eye?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, microparticles formulation F4 are not likely to be observed with the naked eye." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 345, "image": "9621.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar indicate a length of 100 \u03bcm in the images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the images indicates a length of 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar indicate a length of 100 \u03bcm in the images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the images indicates a length of 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1944, "image": "14651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO3a found in the cytoplasm of primary follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FOXO3a is found in the cytoplasm of primary follicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO3a found in the cytoplasm of primary follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FOXO3a is found in the cytoplasm of primary follicles." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 270, "image": "1351.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematics and SEM images show WS2-decorated (b,c) flat substrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the morphology of the kidney tissues being studied at the third week post-transplantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphology of the kidney tissues is being studied at the third week post-transplantation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematics and SEM images show WS2-decorated (b,c) flat substrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the morphology of the kidney tissues being studied at the third week post-transplantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphology of the kidney tissues is being studied at the third week post-transplantation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2111, "image": "7104.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TFF2 expressed in the immunohistochemical staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TFF2 is expressed in the immunohistochemical staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TFF2 expressed in the immunohistochemical staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TFF2 is expressed in the immunohistochemical staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 498, "image": "6026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral patchy infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral patchy infiltrates." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral patchy infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral patchy infiltrates, which are areas of increased density in both lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 508, "image": "15185.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the salt stress application noted to have no effect on the PIN2 protein distribution?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the salt stress application is noted to have no effect on the PIN2 protein distribution in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the salt stress application noted to have no effect on the PIN2 protein distribution?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the salt stress application is noted to have no effect on the PIN2 protein distribution in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1913, "image": "7482.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of Brn3a staining of RGCs (green) and A\u03b2 plaque deposition (red, examples indicated by white arrows) from a whole mount retina of a WT and 5xFAD mice at 6 months; the white square from similar eccentricity is shown in Panel (B) at higher magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining pattern of the anti-OCT4 antibody green in color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the staining pattern of the anti-OCT4 antibody is green in color." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Example of Brn3a staining of RGCs (green) and A\u03b2 plaque deposition (red, examples indicated by white arrows) from a whole mount retina of a WT and 5xFAD mice at 6 months; the white square from similar eccentricity is shown in Panel (B) at higher magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining pattern of the anti-OCT4 antibody green in color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the staining pattern of the anti-OCT4 antibody appears to be green in color." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2169, "image": "14374.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MoT infection known to affect the seedling field severely?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MoT infection is known to affect the seedling field severely." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MoT infection known to affect the seedling field severely?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MoT infection is known to affect the seedling field severely." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 660, "image": "5916.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 300 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 300 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2095, "image": "9457.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the osteocytes cultured for a period longer than 7 days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the osteocytes were cultured for a period shorter than 7 days." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the osteocytes cultured for a period longer than 7 days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the osteocytes were cultured for a period of 7 days." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2441, "image": "1986.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 9-\u03bcm sagittal section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SpoVQ-mCherry localized in wild-type, \u0394sipL, and \u0394spoIVA strains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SpoVQ-mCherry is localized in wild-type, \u0394sipL, and \u0394spoIVA strains." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 9-\u03bcm sagittal section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SpoVQ-mCherry localized in wild-type, \u0394sipL, and \u0394spoIVA strains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, SpoVQ-mCherry is localized in wild-type, \u0394sipL, and \u0394spoIVA strains." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1667, "image": "9596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant pleural effusion noted in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no significant pleural effusion noted in the chest X-ray." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant pleural effusion noted in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no significant pleural effusion noted in the chest X-ray." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 852, "image": "9171.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FITC-labeled LfcinB15 found on the cell surface of C. albicans?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the FITC-labeled LfcinB15 is found on the cell surface of C. albicans in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FITC-labeled LfcinB15 found on the cell surface of C. albicans?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FITC-labeled LfcinB15 is found on the cell surface of C. albicans in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 817, "image": "14579.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the 10-week OH-BBN induced bladder sections from female C57BL/6 mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor display a mixture of cell types, including both small hyperchromatic and larger epithelioid cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor in the image displays a mixture of cell types, including both small hyperchromatic and larger epithelioid cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the 10-week OH-BBN induced bladder sections from female C57BL/6 mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tumor display a mixture of cell types, including both small hyperchromatic and larger epithelioid cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tumor in the image shows a mixture of cell types, including both small hyperchromatic and larger epithelioid cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1238, "image": "13971.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcofluor White staining exhibits various intensities of green colour proportionally reflecting cellulose deposition in the cells around vascular bundles of STTM166b \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sIL6 levels typically used to monitor chronic conditions such as arthritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sIL6 levels are not typically used to monitor chronic conditions such as arthritis. They are more commonly used to assess the severity of an acute infection, such as bacterial or viral infections. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcofluor White staining exhibits various intensities of green colour proportionally reflecting cellulose deposition in the cells around vascular bundles of STTM166b \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are sIL6 levels typically used to monitor chronic conditions such as arthritis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sIL6 levels are not typically used to monitor chronic conditions such as arthritis. They are more commonly used to assess the severity of an acute infection, such as bacterial meningitis. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for accurate information and diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1492, "image": "8351.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the representative images shown for both primary and recurrent mGBM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the representative images shown are for both primary and recurrent mGBM." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the representative images shown for both primary and recurrent mGBM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the representative images are shown for both primary and recurrent mGBM." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1738, "image": "4112.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the signals corresponding to nuclei indicated by yellow arrows in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the signals corresponding to nuclei are indicated by yellow arrows in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the signals corresponding to nuclei indicated by yellow arrows in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the signals corresponding to nuclei are indicated by yellow arrows in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2063, "image": "1016.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the magnification level of 5.00 kx likely provide a highly detailed view of cellular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification level of 5.00 kx is likely to provide a highly detailed view of cellular structures in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the magnification level of 5.00 kx likely provide a highly detailed view of cellular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification level of 5.00 kx is likely to provide a highly detailed view of cellular structures in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1814, "image": "5863.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Klebsiella pneumoniae cause respiratory tract infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia. It is important to note that the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a sample does not necessarily indicate an infection, as it can be found in healthy individuals as well. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine if the bacteria are causing an infection in a specific case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Klebsiella pneumoniae cause respiratory tract infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 478, "image": "9069.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCNB2 expression levels in human TNBC tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show signs of cavity formation in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows signs of cavity formation in the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCNB2 expression levels in human TNBC tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show signs of cavity formation in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows signs of cavity formation in the chest." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 986, "image": "10045.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b2-catenin detection in PD organoids (confocal microscope). The arrows mark cells with nuclear \u03b2-catenin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are type 1 pneumocytes stained positively in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, type 1 pneumocytes are stained positively in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b2-catenin detection in PD organoids (confocal microscope). The arrows mark cells with nuclear \u03b2-catenin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are type 1 pneumocytes stained positively in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, type 1 pneumocytes are stained positively in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 898, "image": "3186.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is this biopsy report related to a chest pathology case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy report is related to a renal pathology case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is this biopsy report related to a chest pathology case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy report is related to a renal pathology case." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 248, "image": "13115.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The constructs were removed from the culture dishes and placed bottom-up into 6-well tissue culture plates \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1-SMA expression around the retina of the rabbits detected by immunofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunofluorescence staining shows \u03b1-SMA expression around the retina of the rabbits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The constructs were removed from the culture dishes and placed bottom-up into 6-well tissue culture plates \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1-SMA expression around the retina of the rabbits detected by immunofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunofluorescence image shows \u03b1-SMA expression around the retina of the rabbits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1342, "image": "12093.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing high cellularity with slender spindle cells arranged in a distinct storiform pattern accumulating mainly in the underlying soft tisuue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can TRPM6 be visualized under a magnification of \u00d7\u200940?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TRPM6 can be visualized under a magnification of \u00d7\u200940." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing high cellularity with slender spindle cells arranged in a distinct storiform pattern accumulating mainly in the underlying soft tisuue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can TRPM6 be visualized under a magnification of \u00d7\u200940?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TRPM6 can be visualized under a magnification of \u00d7\u200940." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 88, "image": "9587.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the g-ZnO flake exhibit any form of expansion after the process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the g-ZnO flake appears to expand after the process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the g-ZnO flake exhibit any form of expansion after the process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the g-ZnO flake appears to have expanded after the process." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2354, "image": "6975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from green fluorescence channel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the internal elastic lamina autofluorescent green in the cryosections of allografts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the internal elastic lamina appears to be autofluorescent green in the cryosections of allografts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from green fluorescence channel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the internal elastic lamina autofluorescent green in the cryosections of allografts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the internal elastic lamina appears to be autofluorescent green in the cryosections of allografts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2184, "image": "12233.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the Golgi impregnation deposit show up as red in the false-color image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Golgi impregnation deposit appears as red in the false-color image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the Golgi impregnation deposit show up as red in the false-color image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Golgi impregnation deposit shows up as red in the false-color image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 916, "image": "13293.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DAPI staining used to visualize the cellular cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DAPI staining is not used to visualize the cellular cytoplasm in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is DAPI staining used to visualize the cellular cytoplasm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, DAPI staining is used to visualize the cellular nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2356, "image": "6975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from green fluorescence channel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images display regions from the intima, media, and adventitia layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images display regions from the intima, media, and adventitia layers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from green fluorescence channel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images display regions from the intima, media, and adventitia layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images display regions from the intima, media, and adventitia layers of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 33, "image": "4690.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lung biopsy show evidence of granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lung biopsy does not show evidence of granulomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the lung biopsy show evidence of granulomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lung biopsy does not show evidence of granulomas." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 281, "image": "17003.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of NFC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hematoxylin & Eosin staining typically highlight cellular details in tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining is a widely used technique in histology to visualize the structure and morphology of cells and tissues. Hematoxylin stains the cell nuclei blue, while eosin stains the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink. This staining method helps to differentiate various cell types and tissue structures, making it easier to identify any abnormalities or pathological changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of NFC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does Hematoxylin & Eosin staining typically highlight cellular details in tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining is a widely used technique in histology and pathology for visualizing the structure and details of tissue samples. Hematoxylin stains the cell nuclei blue, while eosin stains the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix pink. This staining method helps to differentiate various cell types and structures within the tissue, making it easier to identify any abnormalities or pathological changes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2545, "image": "15701.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the length of 10.5 mm refer to the size of the stained cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the length of 10.5 mm refers to the size of the stained cells in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the length of 10.5 mm refer to the size of the stained cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the length of 10.5 mm refers to the size of the stained cells in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 235, "image": "13124.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might N. inconspicua cultivation be unrelated to the findings in a chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that the findings in the chest pathology report are unrelated to the N. inconspicua cultivation. The chest pathology report may not provide any information about the presence or absence of N. inconspicua in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Might N. inconspicua cultivation be unrelated to the findings in a chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible that N. inconspicua cultivation might be unrelated to the findings in a chest pathology report. The presence of N. inconspicua in the chest pathology report could be due to a previous infection or exposure to the organism. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 913, "image": "5695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels indicative of blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LYVE+ lymphatic vessels are not indicative of blood vessels. They are a specific type of lymphatic vessel that can be identified by their unique characteristics, such as the presence of LYVE-1, a protein that is commonly used as a marker for lymphatic vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels indicative of blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LYVE+ lymphatic vessels are not indicative of blood vessels. They are a specific type of lymphatic vessel that can be identified by their unique characteristics, such as the presence of LYVE-1, a protein that is expressed on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 266, "image": "14350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pupal wings sampled at 24 hr post-pupation at 20\u00d7 and 60\u00d7 magnification show nuclear localisation of Cortex protein \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there more than two distinct population groups identified in the Amorphophallus albus study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are more than two distinct population groups identified in the Amorphophallus albus study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pupal wings sampled at 24 hr post-pupation at 20\u00d7 and 60\u00d7 magnification show nuclear localisation of Cortex protein \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there more than two distinct population groups identified in the Amorphophallus albus study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are more than two distinct population groups identified in the Amorphophallus albus study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 129, "image": "8827.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myenteric neurons derived from the intestine of a ChAT-eGFP mouse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the myenteric neurons in the image are derived from the intestine of a ChAT-eGFP mouse." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are myenteric neurons derived from the intestine of a ChAT-eGFP mouse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the myenteric neurons in the image are derived from the intestine of a ChAT-eGFP mouse." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1305, "image": "6434.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of aberrant CD5 staining in B lymphocytes suggest a potential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of aberrant CD5 staining in B lymphocytes, along with the other findings in the image, may suggest a potential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of aberrant CD5 staining in B lymphocytes suggest a potential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of aberrant CD5 staining in B lymphocytes can be suggestive of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, it is important to note that further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2047, "image": "12419.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Expression of WT1 protein in the walls of the right and left sinus venosus (RSV, LSV) of an E12.5 cTnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. Arrows show positive nuclei of cardiomyocytes identified by the cardiac troponin lineage reporter YFP. Figure (G) shows a higher magnification of the left sinus venosus wall in the red (WT1) channel. A stronger expression is detected in the epicardial cells (EP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy does not show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Expression of WT1 protein in the walls of the right and left sinus venosus (RSV, LSV) of an E12.5 cTnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. Arrows show positive nuclei of cardiomyocytes identified by the cardiac troponin lineage reporter YFP. Figure (G) shows a higher magnification of the left sinus venosus wall in the red (WT1) channel. A stronger expression is detected in the epicardial cells (EP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy does not show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 949, "image": "7991.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the DAPI (4\u2032,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining used in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the DAPI staining is used in the analysis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the DAPI (4\u2032,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining used in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the DAPI staining is used in the analysis. DAPI is a fluorescent stain that binds to DNA and is commonly used in immunofluorescence staining to visualize cell nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1093, "image": "9352.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ultrastructural analysis of BHK-WNVKUN cells transfected with NT or LNP siRNA by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower panels show higher magnification images of the yellow boxes indicated in the upper panels, respectively. Scale bars represent 500 nm in the upper panels and 100 nm in the lower panels. Arrows indicate the Ve, ER: the endoplasmic reticulum; Nu: nucleus; M: mitochondria; Vp: vesicle packets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does double immunochemistry for CD34 and \u03b1SMA include the use of two different colored stains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, double immunochemistry for CD34 and \u03b1SMA involves the use of two different colored stains to visualize the presence of these markers in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ultrastructural analysis of BHK-WNVKUN cells transfected with NT or LNP siRNA by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower panels show higher magnification images of the yellow boxes indicated in the upper panels, respectively. Scale bars represent 500 nm in the upper panels and 100 nm in the lower panels. Arrows indicate the Ve, ER: the endoplasmic reticulum; Nu: nucleus; M: mitochondria; Vp: vesicle packets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does double immunochemistry for CD34 and \u03b1SMA include the use of two different colored stains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, double immunochemistry for CD34 and \u03b1SMA involves the use of two different colored stains to visualize the expression of these markers in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1943, "image": "14651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO3a distributed in the nucleus of primordial follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FOXO3a is distributed in the nucleus of primordial follicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO3a distributed in the nucleus of primordial follicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FOXO3a is distributed in the nucleus of primordial follicles." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 861, "image": "8979.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups. The axon areas in WT mice are larger than those in other groups." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 524, "image": "4871.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can H.E staining help in identifying the presence of malignancy in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H.E staining can be helpful in identifying the presence of malignancy in chest pathology. Hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) staining is a widely used technique in histopathology to visualize the structure and morphology of cells and tissues. It can help in differentiating between benign and malignant cells, as well as in identifying specific cellular patterns and structures that may be indicative of malignancy. However, it is important to note that H.E staining is just one of many diagnostic tools and should be used in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory findings to make a definitive diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can H.E staining help in identifying the presence of malignancy in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H.E staining can be helpful in identifying the presence of malignancy in chest pathology. Hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) staining is a widely used technique in histology to visualize the structure and morphology of tissues. It can help in identifying abnormal cells, tissue architecture, and other features that may indicate the presence of malignancy. However, it is important to note that H.E staining alone may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis, and additional tests and clinical correlation are often required to confirm the presence of malignancy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2276, "image": "15027.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are live cells represented by a bright green color in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, live cells are represented by a bright green color in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are live cells represented by a bright green color in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, live cells are represented by a bright green color in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2301, "image": "9242.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Prussian blue stain used exclusively for liver tissue analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Prussian blue stain is used for liver tissue analysis in this particular case. However, it is important to note that the stain is also used for other tissue types, such as the brain, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the Prussian blue stain used exclusively for liver tissue analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Prussian blue stain is used for the analysis of liver tissue as well as for the analysis of brain tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1905, "image": "6127.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the pH measurement taken 30 minutes after the onset of flow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pH measurement was taken 30 minutes after the onset of flow." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the pH measurement taken 30 minutes after the onset of flow?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pH measurement was taken 30 minutes after the onset of flow." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 966, "image": "8868.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scratched surface of PCF \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the image taken after the filament underwent extrusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image was taken after the filament underwent extrusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scratched surface of PCF \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the image taken after the filament underwent extrusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image was taken after the filament underwent extrusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1604, "image": "10800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transfected cells in the bottom row wild-type cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transfected cells in the bottom row are not wild-type cells. They are cells that have been genetically modified or manipulated in some way, which may affect their appearance and characteristics in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transfected cells in the bottom row wild-type cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transfected cells in the bottom row are not wild-type cells. They are cells that have been genetically modified or altered in some way, as opposed to the wild-type cells in the top row." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 774, "image": "11448.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the stages of embryonic development in the RA-C group comparable to standard developmental processes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the stages of embryonic development in the RA-C group appear to be comparable to standard developmental processes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the stages of embryonic development in the RA-C group comparable to standard developmental processes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the stages of embryonic development in the RA-C group appear to be comparable to standard developmental processes." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 377, "image": "10644.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the representative images taken from pig hearts in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the representative images are taken from pig hearts in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the representative images taken from pig hearts in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the representative images in this study were taken from pig hearts." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1703, "image": "3002.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the eighth internode a relevant anatomical feature in human chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eighth internode is not a relevant anatomical feature in human chest pathology. It is a feature of the rat's chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the eighth internode a relevant anatomical feature in human chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the eighth internode is not a relevant anatomical feature in human chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1426, "image": "10576.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the majority of Iba1-positive cells located in the choroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the majority of Iba1-positive cells are located in the choroid, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the majority of Iba1-positive cells located in the choroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the majority of Iba1-positive cells are located in the choroid." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1676, "image": "356.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of symmetric and asymmetric cells in mitosis. Data are normalized to control and presented as mean \u00b1 SEM. Statistically significant difference is calculated with ordinary one-way ANOVA parametric test (* p < 0.05) (** p < 0,01), n = 3 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is manual tracking performed every 10 slices in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, manual tracking is performed every 10 slices in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of symmetric and asymmetric cells in mitosis. Data are normalized to control and presented as mean \u00b1 SEM. Statistically significant difference is calculated with ordinary one-way ANOVA parametric test (* p < 0.05) (** p < 0,01), n = 3 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is manual tracking performed every 10 slices in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, manual tracking is performed every 10 slices in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1623, "image": "14845.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD206 a marker for M2 macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CD206 is a marker for M2 macrophages." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD206 a marker for M2 macrophages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CD206 is a marker for M2 macrophages." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1880, "image": "3998.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Violin plot of cell size distribution in the 70% fraction for animal BON-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dark-field images used to observe blastula-stage embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dark-field images are used to observe blastula-stage embryos." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Violin plot of cell size distribution in the 70% fraction for animal BON-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are dark-field images used to observe blastula-stage embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, dark-field images are used to observe blastula-stage embryos." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 218, "image": "13408.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 500 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 500 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2607, "image": "9691.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC6 antibody on the dilated pancreatic duct. The presence of MUC6-immunoreactive cells suggested pyloric gland metaplasia in the atypical pancreatic epithelium. The magnification of the micrograph is 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NO-50P image show secretory cells containing several secretory vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the NO-50P image shows secretory cells containing several secretory vesicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC6 antibody on the dilated pancreatic duct. The presence of MUC6-immunoreactive cells suggested pyloric gland metaplasia in the atypical pancreatic epithelium. The magnification of the micrograph is 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NO-50P image show secretory cells containing several secretory vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the NO-50P image shows secretory cells containing several secretory vesicles." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 395, "image": "4447.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trabecular bone area ratio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 200 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 200 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trabecular bone area ratio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 200 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 200 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 240, "image": "16872.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, original magnification, \u00d75000, of a distal segment of a CN from an uninjured animal \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the marked cell in the barley leaf a mesophyll cell?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the marked cell in the barley leaf is a mesophyll cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, original magnification, \u00d75000, of a distal segment of a CN from an uninjured animal \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the marked cell in the barley leaf a mesophyll cell?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the marked cell in the barley leaf is a mesophyll cell." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1590, "image": "1322.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is euchromatin (H3.3) color-coded the same as heterochromatin (HP1) in the imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, euchromatin (H3.3) is color-coded in green, while heterochromatin (HP1) is color-coded in red." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is euchromatin (H3.3) color-coded the same as heterochromatin (HP1) in the imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, euchromatin (H3.3) is color-coded in green, while heterochromatin (HP1) is color-coded in red." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1345, "image": "2693.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in the lamina propria observed at high magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the infiltrate in the lamina propria is observed at high magnification in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in the lamina propria observed at high magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the infiltrate in the lamina propria is observed at high magnification in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 434, "image": "13086.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is renal tubular dilatation less pronounced in the PC-KAI with glycyrrhizin group compared to the PC-AKI group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the renal tubular dilatation appears to be less pronounced in the PC-KAI with glycyrrhizin group compared to the PC-AKI group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is renal tubular dilatation less pronounced in the PC-KAI with glycyrrhizin group compared to the PC-AKI group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the renal tubular dilatation appears to be less pronounced in the PC-KAI with glycyrrhizin group compared to the PC-AKI group." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 990, "image": "16784.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histologic specimen acquired from the tumor mass, light microscopic examination (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain), 40\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the overexpression of MYCN protein indicative of gene amplification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the overexpression of MYCN protein in the tumor cells is indicative of gene amplification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histologic specimen acquired from the tumor mass, light microscopic examination (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain), 40\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the overexpression of MYCN protein indicative of gene amplification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the overexpression of MYCN protein in the tumor cells is indicative of gene amplification." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 781, "image": "2449.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of globular protein molecules indicate a successful IgG coupling?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of globular protein molecules in the image suggests that the IgG coupling was successful." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of globular protein molecules indicate a successful IgG coupling?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of globular protein molecules in the image suggests that the IgG coupling was successful." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1801, "image": "15443.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of BR1A strains. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can IVCM provide detailed cellular-level imaging of the chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, IVCM (Intravital Microscopy) can provide detailed cellular-level imaging of the chest pathology. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for the visualization of living cells and tissues in real-time, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of BR1A strains. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can IVCM provide detailed cellular-level imaging of the chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, IVCM (Intravital Microscopy) is a technique that can provide detailed cellular-level imaging of the chest pathology. It allows for the visualization of cellular structures and processes in real-time, which can be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 554, "image": "1218.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do osteoclastic cells indicate a benign condition in the context of invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of osteoclastic cells in the context of invasive breast carcinoma is not indicative of a benign condition. Osteoclastic cells are a type of bone cell that can be involved in various processes, including bone resorption and tissue remodeling. In the context of invasive breast carcinoma, the presence of osteoclastic cells may suggest a more aggressive or advanced stage of the disease. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do osteoclastic cells indicate a benign condition in the context of invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of osteoclastic cells in the context of invasive breast carcinoma is not indicative of a benign condition. Osteoclastic cells are a type of bone cell that can be involved in various processes, including bone resorption and the formation of bone tumors. In the context of invasive breast carcinoma, the presence of osteoclastic cells may suggest a more aggressive or advanced stage of the disease. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the patient's condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 748, "image": "16654.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the muscle biopsy show fiber size variation in the Italian proband?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the muscle biopsy shows fiber size variation in the Italian proband." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the muscle biopsy show fiber size variation in the Italian proband?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the muscle biopsy shows fiber size variation in the Italian proband." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1863, "image": "2043.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the testis, seminiferous tubules (T) had different nuclear staining intensities, from negative to strong \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b3H2AX foci indicative of DNA damage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci in the image suggests that there is DNA damage in the testis tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the testis, seminiferous tubules (T) had different nuclear staining intensities, from negative to strong \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b3H2AX foci indicative of DNA damage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b3H2AX foci are indicative of DNA damage. They are a type of histological marker that can be used to assess the presence of DNA damage in cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 994, "image": "1891.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High magnification (finer striations \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of epithelioid cell granuloma indicate a chronic inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of epithelioid cell granuloma in the image suggests a chronic inflammatory response. Granulomas are organized collections of immune cells, primarily macrophages, that form in response to a persistent irritant or foreign substance. The presence of these granulomas indicates that the body has been trying to remove or isolate the irritant or foreign substance for an extended period of time." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High magnification (finer striations \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the presence of epithelioid cell granuloma indicate a chronic inflammatory response?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of epithelioid cell granuloma in the image suggests a chronic inflammatory response. Granulomas are organized collections of immune cells, primarily macrophages, that form in response to persistent inflammation or infection." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 300, "image": "9226.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of the basic PA 6 solution exposed to the step change \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the CLSM image show a clear differentiation of cellular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CLSM image shows a clear differentiation of cellular structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of the basic PA 6 solution exposed to the step change \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the CLSM image show a clear differentiation of cellular structures?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CLSM image shows a clear differentiation of cellular structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1758, "image": "13294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phylotype 3 (PT3 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are COL4 and PDGFR-\u03b2 double-positive cells indicative of pericytes in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of COL4 and PDGFR-\u03b2 double-positive cells in the chest pathology image is indicative of pericytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Phylotype 3 (PT3 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are COL4 and PDGFR-\u03b2 double-positive cells indicative of pericytes in this chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of COL4 and PDGFR-\u03b2 double-positive cells in the chest pathology image is indicative of pericytes. Pericytes are specialized cells that play a role in the regulation of blood flow and the maintenance of blood vessel structure." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2173, "image": "8201.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at \u00d710,000 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF show primary electrons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF does not show primary electrons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at \u00d710,000 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF show primary electrons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF does not show primary electrons." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 393, "image": "4447.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trabecular bone area ratio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E staining used for highlighting cellular and tissue structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H&E staining is used for highlighting cellular and tissue structure in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Trabecular bone area ratio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E staining used for highlighting cellular and tissue structure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H&E staining is used for highlighting cellular and tissue structure in the image. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a common technique used in histology to visualize the structure of cells and tissues in a sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 206, "image": "8520.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels labeled with IsoB4 in the 3D rendering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vessels labeled with IsoB4 are visible in the 3D rendering of the micro-CT image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels labeled with IsoB4 in the 3D rendering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vessels labeled with IsoB4 are visible in the 3D rendering of the pathological image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2137, "image": "11226.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fungal strain (\u0394pex6) impaired for Pex6 expressing mCherry-SKL displays less distinct fluorescent spots compared to WT expressing the same construct \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liver histology used to evaluate liver tissue under a microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, liver histology is a technique used to evaluate liver tissue under a microscope. It involves the examination of thin sections of liver tissue that have been stained with specific dyes to highlight different structures and cell types. This allows for the assessment of liver architecture, cell morphology, and the identification of any abnormalities or pathological changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fungal strain (\u0394pex6) impaired for Pex6 expressing mCherry-SKL displays less distinct fluorescent spots compared to WT expressing the same construct \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liver histology used to evaluate liver tissue under a microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, liver histology is used to evaluate liver tissue under a microscope. It involves examining thin sections of liver tissue that have been stained with specific dyes to highlight different structures and components within the tissue. This allows for the identification of any abnormalities or changes in the liver tissue that may be indicative of disease or injury." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 63, "image": "8874.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histological images of tissue biopsies withdrawn at time point 0 in the lesion \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is branching of the microvascular structures sporadically observed in the interstitium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows sporadic branching of the microvascular structures in the interstitium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histological images of tissue biopsies withdrawn at time point 0 in the lesion \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is branching of the microvascular structures sporadically observed in the interstitium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the branching of the microvascular structures is sporadically observed in the interstitium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 942, "image": "8197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the muscle fibers stained with a PAS stain in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the muscle fibers in this report are stained with a hematoxylin-eosin stain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the muscle fibers stained with a PAS stain in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the muscle fibers in this report are stained with a hematoxylin-eosin stain." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 663, "image": "13762.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample show signs of eosinophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample shows signs of eosinophilic infiltration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample show signs of eosinophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample shows signs of eosinophilic infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1602, "image": "10191.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HAADF-STEM image (g) and corresponding EDX linear scanning (h) and maps scanning of 7.50% MnO2@GR for C (i), O (j), K (k), Mn (l) and combined image (m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining method used in these skin samples PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining method used in these skin samples is Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HAADF-STEM image (g) and corresponding EDX linear scanning (h) and maps scanning of 7.50% MnO2@GR for C (i), O (j), K (k), Mn (l) and combined image (m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining method used in these skin samples PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining method used in these skin samples is Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1930, "image": "9987.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the provided data include sections for human subjects?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided data does not include sections for human subjects." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the provided data include sections for human subjects?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided data does not include sections for human subjects." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 860, "image": "8979.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do WT mice have larger axon areas compared to other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the WT mice in the image have larger axon areas compared to the other groups." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do WT mice have larger axon areas compared to other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the WT mice in the image have larger axon areas compared to the other groups." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 657, "image": "5916.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schwann cells involved in the process of myelination according to the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the image, Schwann cells are involved in the process of myelination." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Schwann cells involved in the process of myelination according to the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the image, Schwann cells are involved in the process of myelination." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1508, "image": "5890.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar in the SEM micrograph measure 50 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the SEM micrograph measures 50 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar in the SEM micrograph measure 50 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the SEM micrograph measures 50 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 10, "image": "2029.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RNAscope combined to IF shows Nox4 expression at the proximal tubule and not at the collecting tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci be used to differentiate between irradiated and non-irradiated cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci can be used to differentiate between irradiated and non-irradiated cells. The image shows that \u03b3H2AX foci are present in irradiated cells, while they are absent in non-irradiated cells. This difference in the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci can help identify and distinguish between the two types of cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RNAscope combined to IF shows Nox4 expression at the proximal tubule and not at the collecting tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci be used to differentiate between irradiated and non-irradiated cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci can be used to differentiate between irradiated and non-irradiated cells. In the context of the image, the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci in the irradiated cells indicates that they have been exposed to radiation, while the non-irradiated cells do not show these foci." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1548, "image": "4973.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ERp57 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ERp57 is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is ERp57 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, ERp57 is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. It is a protein that plays a role in the folding and maturation of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1049, "image": "15692.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can larva autofluorescence be detected in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, larva autofluorescence can be detected in chest pathology images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can larva autofluorescence be detected in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, larva autofluorescence can be detected in chest pathology images." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1824, "image": "6489.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the stratum corneum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epidermolysis is located in the stratum granulosum, which is a layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the stratum corneum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epidermolysis is not located in the stratum corneum. It is located in the stratum granulosum, which is a layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1134, "image": "16310.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Average number of mitochondria in CCs normalized to the area (\u03bcm2) of cytosol in WT and SOD1G93A mice at both ages \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are scale bars provided in the original and closeup images in the micrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scale bars are provided in the original and closeup images in the micrographs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Average number of mitochondria in CCs normalized to the area (\u03bcm2) of cytosol in WT and SOD1G93A mice at both ages \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are scale bars provided in the original and closeup images in the micrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, scale bars are provided in both the original and closeup images in the micrographs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2193, "image": "292.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a single cell visible in the REN in the Tg(dmrt3a:GAL4;UAS:tdTomato) top view?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a single cell is visible in the REN in the Tg(dmrt3a:GAL4;UAS:tdTomato) top view." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a single cell visible in the REN in the Tg(dmrt3a:GAL4;UAS:tdTomato) top view?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a single cell is visible in the REN in the Tg(dmrt3a:GAL4;UAS:tdTomato) top view." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1946, "image": "14651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does FOXO3a localization in primary follicles include both in vivo and in vitro groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the FOXO3a localization in primary follicles is observed in both in vivo and in vitro groups." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does FOXO3a localization in primary follicles include both in vivo and in vitro groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the FOXO3a localization in primary follicles includes both in vivo and in vitro groups." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 617, "image": "14880.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image depict the membrane implantation area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image depicts the membrane implantation area in the femoral head and neck tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image depict the membrane implantation area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image depicts the membrane implantation area, which is the region where the membrane has been implanted." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 772, "image": "11448.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the RA-C group exhibit typical blastocyst formation during embryonic development?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the RA-C group shows typical blastocyst formation during embryonic development." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the RA-C group exhibit typical blastocyst formation during embryonic development?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the RA-C group exhibits typical blastocyst formation during embryonic development." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1179, "image": "2502.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the isoform AT5G63790 associated with NAC102?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the isoform AT5G63790 is associated with NAC102." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the isoform AT5G63790 associated with NAC102?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the isoform AT5G63790 is associated with NAC102." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 877, "image": "7454.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is S. aureus ATCC 6538 a strain of Staphylococcus aureus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, S. aureus ATCC 6538 is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of bacteria." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is S. aureus ATCC 6538 a strain of Staphylococcus aureus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, S. aureus ATCC 6538 is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of bacteria." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 234, "image": "13124.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2312, "image": "9350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the panoramic view assist in identifying the distribution of CD34+ stem cells in the reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the panoramic view helps to identify the distribution of CD34+ stem cells in the reticular dermis. It provides a broader view of the tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the spatial distribution of these cells within the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the panoramic view assist in identifying the distribution of CD34+ stem cells in the reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the panoramic view can help in identifying the distribution of CD34+ stem cells in the reticular dermis. It provides a broader view of the tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the spatial distribution of the stem cells within the dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2146, "image": "16193.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor be detected using immunofluorescence techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor can be detected using immunofluorescence techniques." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor be detected using immunofluorescence techniques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor can be detected using immunofluorescence techniques." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1245, "image": "67.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can CLSM imaging be used to study CF unloading in other plant roots besides cassava?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CLSM imaging can be used to study CF unloading in other plant roots besides cassava. The technique is versatile and can be applied to various plant species to investigate the unloading of CFs and other related processes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can CLSM imaging be used to study CF unloading in other plant roots besides cassava?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CLSM imaging can be used to study CF unloading in other plant roots besides cassava. The technique is versatile and can be applied to various plant species to investigate the unloading of CFs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 232, "image": "13124.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua a type of algae found in a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not a type of algae found in a chest pathology image. It is a type of algae that can be found in various environments, including freshwater and marine ecosystems." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua a type of algae found in a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not a type of algae. It is a type of nematode, which is a parasitic worm. The image is related to a chest pathology, but it is not an algae image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 205, "image": "8520.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in only one viewpoint?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in two different viewpoints. The first panel (A) shows the EdU-labeled cells in a top viewpoint, while the second panel (B) shows the EdU-labeled cells in a side viewpoint." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in only one viewpoint?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in three different viewpoints: top, middle, and bottom." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2333, "image": "1456.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NADH-TR stain indicate a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the NADH-TR stain in the image does not indicate a specific diagnosis. It is a histological technique used to visualize the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) in the tissue sample. The stain can provide information about the metabolic activity and cellular health of the tissue, but it is not a diagnostic tool on its own." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NADH-TR stain indicate a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the NADH-TR stain does not indicate a specific diagnosis. It is a histological stain used to visualize certain structures or processes in the tissue sample. In this case, the stain is used to highlight the presence of NADH-TR in the tissue, which can provide valuable information about the tissue's metabolic activity and potential abnormalities. However, the stain alone is not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the observed changes in the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1919, "image": "13030.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the filarial worm observed at low magnification in the provided image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the filarial worm is not observed at low magnification in the provided image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the filarial worm observed at low magnification in the provided image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the filarial worm is not observed at low magnification in the provided image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2007, "image": "14996.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image of uneven shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells observed in the chest pathology image are of uneven shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image of uneven shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells observed in the chest pathology image are of uneven shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2108, "image": "9740.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Z-stack confocal images of 3D organoids showing expression of MHC, Titin, cTnnT2, MLC, CX43 as indicated, scale bar = 300\u00a0\u00b5m, unmerged images are shown in Figure S11 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can histomorphometric analysis provide quantitative data on tissue repair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, histomorphometric analysis can provide quantitative data on tissue repair. It involves the examination and measurement of tissue samples using microscopy and image analysis techniques. This can help assess the extent of tissue repair, the rate of repair, and the effectiveness of treatments or interventions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Z-stack confocal images of 3D organoids showing expression of MHC, Titin, cTnnT2, MLC, CX43 as indicated, scale bar = 300\u00a0\u00b5m, unmerged images are shown in Figure S11 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can histomorphometric analysis provide quantitative data on tissue repair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, histomorphometric analysis can provide quantitative data on tissue repair. It involves the measurement of various parameters in the tissue sample, such as cell density, cell size, and cell shape, to assess the extent of tissue repair and regeneration. This information can be useful for understanding the effectiveness of treatments or interventions aimed at promoting tissue repair." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 625, "image": "12078.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was FITC fluorescence used to indicate the distribution of FITC-insulin in the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FITC fluorescence was used to indicate the distribution of FITC-insulin in the brain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. An example of an NTR\u2013cargo pair that does bind \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was FITC fluorescence used to indicate the distribution of FITC-insulin in the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, FITC fluorescence was used to indicate the distribution of FITC-insulin in the brain." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 226, "image": "5370.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the green puncta in TMZ-treated U87 cells colocalize with red puncta to form a yellow color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the green puncta in TMZ-treated U87 cells colocalize with red puncta to form a yellow color." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the green puncta in TMZ-treated U87 cells colocalize with red puncta to form a yellow color?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the green puncta in TMZ-treated U87 cells colocalize with red puncta to form a yellow color." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2027, "image": "7274.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E stain (original magnification \u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offer higher resolution images compared to SEM for chest pathology specimens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TEM typically offers higher resolution images compared to SEM for chest pathology specimens." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E stain (original magnification \u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offer higher resolution images compared to SEM for chest pathology specimens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, TEM typically offers higher resolution images compared to SEM for chest pathology specimens." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 320, "image": "4143.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunofluorescence images of chorionic villi showing in situ expression of FTO and m6A in both groups (Normal n = 3; Patient n = 3; NC:negative control n = 3). Blue \u2013 FTO and red \u2013 m6A \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the percentage of fungal isolates irrelevant in assessing chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the percentage of fungal isolates is important in assessing chest pathology. It helps to determine the severity of the infection and can provide valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunofluorescence images of chorionic villi showing in situ expression of FTO and m6A in both groups (Normal n = 3; Patient n = 3; NC:negative control n = 3). Blue \u2013 FTO and red \u2013 m6A \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the percentage of fungal isolates irrelevant in assessing chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the percentage of fungal isolates is not irrelevant in assessing chest pathology. It can provide valuable information about the presence and distribution of fungal infections in the lung tissue. However, it is important to consider other clinical and diagnostic factors, such as the patient's medical history, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests, to make a comprehensive assessment of the chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 757, "image": "13426.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the wave initiation sites be identified by yellow arrowheads in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the wave initiation sites can be identified by yellow arrowheads in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the wave initiation sites be identified by yellow arrowheads in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the wave initiation sites can be identified by yellow arrowheads in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 268, "image": "1351.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematics and SEM images show WS2-decorated (b,c) flat substrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the renal corpuscle indicated by the orange rectangle in the kidney tissue of the rats?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the renal corpuscle is indicated by the orange rectangle in the kidney tissue of the rats." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Schematics and SEM images show WS2-decorated (b,c) flat substrate \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the renal corpuscle indicated by the orange rectangle in the kidney tissue of the rats?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the renal corpuscle is indicated by the orange rectangle in the kidney tissue of the rats." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2390, "image": "8847.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of the B-SiOC-3 assembly (inset is the photograph of a neck, a kind of pipe fitting). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample stained with Hematoxylin-eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample is stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of the B-SiOC-3 assembly (inset is the photograph of a neck, a kind of pipe fitting). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample stained with Hematoxylin-eosin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample is stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12992.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene nIs686 (gpa-16p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3 and in the mc1 marginal cells (not shown). Occasional dim expression was observed in pm1 (not shown) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Cre (-) control and mutant mice specimens compared in the same report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Cre (-) control and mutant mice specimens are compared in the same report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene nIs686 (gpa-16p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3 and in the mc1 marginal cells (not shown). Occasional dim expression was observed in pm1 (not shown) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Cre (-) control and mutant mice specimens compared in the same report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Cre (-) control and mutant mice specimens are compared in different reports. The Cre (-) control is shown in Figure 2, while the mutant mice specimens are shown in Figure 3." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes present in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat shows the presence of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes present in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not present in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do histiocytes appear in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, histiocytes appear in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do histiocytes appear in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, histiocytes do not appear in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13208.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is interstitial edema indicated by yellow arrows in the histopathological examination of the heart tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the yellow arrows in the image are pointing to areas of interstitial edema in the heart tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is interstitial edema indicated by yellow arrows in the histopathological examination of the heart tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the yellow arrows in the histopathological examination of the heart tissues do not indicate interstitial edema." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13208.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histopathological report indicate the presence of cellular degeneration in the heart tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The histopathological report indicates the presence of cellular degeneration in the heart tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the histopathological report indicate the presence of cellular degeneration in the heart tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histopathological report does not indicate the presence of cellular degeneration in the heart tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6091.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the organ being observed in this report the ovary?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the organ being observed in this report is the ovary." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the organ being observed in this report the ovary?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the organ being observed in this report is the kidney." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1930.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A simple illustration of prevention protocol by the KRE in the TRAMP model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissue distributions of erlotinib and EGFR visualized in vehicle-treated mice as well?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue distributions of erlotinib and EGFR are visualized in vehicle-treated mice as well." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A simple illustration of prevention protocol by the KRE in the TRAMP model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissue distributions of erlotinib and EGFR visualized in vehicle-treated mice as well?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue distributions of erlotinib and EGFR are not visualized in vehicle-treated mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is time-lapse laser confocal videography used to capture the photomicrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, time-lapse laser confocal videography was used to capture the photomicrographs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is time-lapse laser confocal videography used to capture the photomicrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, time-lapse laser confocal videography is not used to capture the photomicrographs. The photomicrographs are obtained using a CCD camera." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "376.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was coactosin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) used in the experiment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, coactosin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used in the experiment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was coactosin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) used in the experiment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, coactosin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was not used in the experiment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10772.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intraluminal neutrophils visible within the arterioles in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, intraluminal neutrophils are visible within the arterioles in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are intraluminal neutrophils visible within the arterioles in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, intraluminal neutrophils are not visible within the arterioles in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14984.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the region between massive carbides relevant to typical chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The region between massive carbides is not relevant to typical chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the region between massive carbides relevant to typical chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the region between massive carbides is relevant to typical chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14658.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO1 protein absent in the ovaries from the in vivo group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that FOXO1 protein is present in the ovaries from the in vivo group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is FOXO1 protein absent in the ovaries from the in vivo group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the FOXO1 protein appears to be absent in the ovaries from the in vivo group." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8827.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were LMMPs utilized in the process of verifying the in vitro culture of myenteric neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, LMMPs were utilized in the process of verifying the in vitro culture of myenteric neurons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were LMMPs utilized in the process of verifying the in vitro culture of myenteric neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LMMPs were not utilized in the process of verifying the in vitro culture of myenteric neurons." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14609.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification time-lapse confocal imaging of the synaptic terminals of afferent processes and a single inhibitory efferent process [(F\u2019\u2013I\u2019) show inhibitory efferent projection only]. Recordings show innervation of a neuromasts by sensory afferents prior to inhibitory efferent innervation. Arrows indicate the growth cone of the inhibitory efferent \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1SMA staining irrelevant for diagnosing vascular changes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that \u03b1SMA staining is not relevant for diagnosing vascular changes in chest pathology. However, it is important to consider the context and other factors when interpreting the results of a study or diagnostic test. In this case, the image may be referring to a specific study or situation where \u03b1SMA staining was not found to be useful for diagnosing vascular changes in chest pathology. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification time-lapse confocal imaging of the synaptic terminals of afferent processes and a single inhibitory efferent process [(F\u2019\u2013I\u2019) show inhibitory efferent projection only]. Recordings show innervation of a neuromasts by sensory afferents prior to inhibitory efferent innervation. Arrows indicate the growth cone of the inhibitory efferent \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1SMA staining irrelevant for diagnosing vascular changes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b1SMA staining is irrelevant for diagnosing vascular changes in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2844.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Blue Masson's trichrome\u2010stained area transformed from image G using Image\u2010Pro Plus 6.0 software. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of lung cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of lung cancer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Blue Masson's trichrome\u2010stained area transformed from image G using Image\u2010Pro Plus 6.0 software. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of lung cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of lung cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10741.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Ki67 positive staining indicative of active cell proliferation in leiomyomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Ki67 positive staining in the image indicates active cell proliferation in the leiomyomas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Ki67 positive staining indicative of active cell proliferation in leiomyomas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Ki67 positive staining is not indicative of active cell proliferation in leiomyomas. Ki67 is a protein that is used as a marker for cell proliferation, but it is not specific for leiomyomas. In this case, the Ki67 positive staining is observed in the malignant tumor with cartilage and osteoid production, which is not a leiomyoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9767.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron morphological observation of wild-type and mutant strains after 48 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dry beads visible in the optical image spherical in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dry beads in the optical image appear to be spherical in shape." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron morphological observation of wild-type and mutant strains after 48 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the dry beads visible in the optical image spherical in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the dry beads in the optical image are not spherical in shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4120.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are thick bundles of myelinated axons present in the image of the carp brain stem?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image of the carp brain stem shows the presence of thick bundles of myelinated axons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are thick bundles of myelinated axons present in the image of the carp brain stem?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image of the carp brain stem does not show thick bundles of myelinated axons." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5021.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunochemistry for CD34 (brown) and \u03b1SMA (red). Hematoxylin counterstain \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue of the collagen implant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of DCX positive host cells in the surrounding tissue of the collagen implant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunochemistry for CD34 (brown) and \u03b1SMA (red). Hematoxylin counterstain \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue of the collagen implant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that there are no DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue of the collagen implant." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5021.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunochemistry for CD34 (brown) and \u03b1SMA (red). Hematoxylin counterstain \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunochemistry for CD34 (brown) and \u03b1SMA (red). Hematoxylin counterstain \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15514.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The percentage of glomeruli with ETAR-positive endothelium per patient correlated with the percentage of glomeruli with nephrin loss in patients with FSGS \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a negative control slide show the presence of the target protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The negative control slide does not show the presence of the target protein." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The percentage of glomeruli with ETAR-positive endothelium per patient correlated with the percentage of glomeruli with nephrin loss in patients with FSGS \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a negative control slide show the presence of the target protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the negative control slide shows the presence of the target protein." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8520.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are EdU-labeled cells observed in the perivascular region in the 3D rendering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, EdU-labeled cells are observed in the perivascular region in the 3D rendering." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are EdU-labeled cells observed in the perivascular region in the 3D rendering?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, EdU-labeled cells are not observed in the perivascular region in the 3D rendering." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8002.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the magenta channel represent chlorophyll autofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magenta channel in the image represents chlorophyll autofluorescence." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the magenta channel represent chlorophyll autofluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magenta channel in the image represents the endogenous ERp57 protein." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7151.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prussian blue staining for the iron oxide core (Blue staining) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD8\u03b1 and CD69 markers used in immunofluorescent staining of resected liver tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that CD8\u03b1 and CD69 markers are used in immunofluorescent staining of resected liver tissues." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prussian blue staining for the iron oxide core (Blue staining) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD8\u03b1 and CD69 markers used in immunofluorescent staining of resected liver tissues?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD8\u03b1 and CD69 markers are not used in immunofluorescent staining of resected liver tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7151.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prussian blue staining for the iron oxide core (Blue staining) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E staining a method used to evaluate liver tissue in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, H&E staining is used to evaluate liver tissue in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Prussian blue staining for the iron oxide core (Blue staining) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E staining a method used to evaluate liver tissue in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, H&E staining is not used to evaluate liver tissue in this report. The focus of the report is on the iron oxide core, which is visualized using Prussian blue staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16513.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased DAT (green fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar\u2009=\u200920\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can \u03b1SMA staining be used to detect lymphocytes in a tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b1SMA staining is not suitable for detecting lymphocytes in a tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased DAT (green fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar\u2009=\u200920\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can \u03b1SMA staining be used to detect lymphocytes in a tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b1SMA staining can be used to detect lymphocytes in a tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8321.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show any indication of pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows an indication of pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2847.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000\u00d7 magnification. (d) PVDF + GO 0.1% non-rolling electrospinnin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image of the Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric taken at a magnification of 350\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM image of the Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric is taken at a magnification of 350\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000\u00d7 magnification. (d) PVDF + GO 0.1% non-rolling electrospinnin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image of the Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric taken at a magnification of 350\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image of the Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric is taken at a magnification of 16,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3107.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visualization of miR-375 performed at 1000\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the visualization of miR-375 is performed at 1000\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visualization of miR-375 performed at 1000\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the visualization of miR-375 is performed at 100\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "764.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoid production observed in the malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteoid production is observed in the malignant tumor." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is osteoid production observed in the malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoid production is not observed in the malignant tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "764.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there indications of lymphocytic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology image shows no indications of lymphocytic infiltration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there indications of lymphocytic infiltration in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows indications of lymphocytic infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "764.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cartilage production be a feature of this malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the malignant tumor has the ability to produce cartilage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (\u00d7200) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can cartilage production be a feature of this malignant tumor?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cartilage production is not a feature of this malignant tumor." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15250.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PECAM1 (red) and nuclei (DAPI; blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary two weeks before maturation likely to exhibit a corpus luteum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it is likely that the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary two weeks before maturation is not likely to exhibit a corpus luteum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. PECAM1 (red) and nuclei (DAPI; blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary two weeks before maturation likely to exhibit a corpus luteum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary two weeks before maturation is likely to exhibit a corpus luteum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11336.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the mushroom-shaped pillars in the SEM images composed of polyurethane?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mushroom-shaped pillars in the SEM images are composed of polyurethane." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the mushroom-shaped pillars in the SEM images composed of polyurethane?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mushroom-shaped pillars in the SEM images are composed of polyurethane-coated CHX biopolymer gel." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Optical micrograph of the investigated face C (see Figure 1), which is divided into edge, middle and core areas following visual observation of fibre degradation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SEM images taken at a magnification lower than 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM images were taken at a magnification higher than 500\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Optical micrograph of the investigated face C (see Figure 1), which is divided into edge, middle and core areas following visual observation of fibre degradation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SEM images taken at a magnification lower than 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM images were taken at a magnification lower than 500\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8515.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney sections from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) or minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were stained with elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT) (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm). Microstructures visualized with 561-nm and 640-nm excitation lasers were pseudo-colored in green and magenta, respectively. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM), but not conventional light microscopy, can visualize the structural difference in podocyte foot process between patients with MGA and MCNS. Yellow squared regions in the light microscopic images were analyzed by SIM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are anti-Iba1 labeled cells used to identify macrophages or microglia in tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, anti-Iba1 labeled cells are used to identify macrophages or microglia in tissue samples." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney sections from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) or minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were stained with elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT) (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm). Microstructures visualized with 561-nm and 640-nm excitation lasers were pseudo-colored in green and magenta, respectively. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM), but not conventional light microscopy, can visualize the structural difference in podocyte foot process between patients with MGA and MCNS. Yellow squared regions in the light microscopic images were analyzed by SIM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are anti-Iba1 labeled cells used to identify macrophages or microglia in tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, anti-Iba1 labeled cells are not used to identify macrophages or microglia in tissue samples. Instead, they are used to identify microglia in the context of the provided image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2632.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification view of a horizontal cell labeled with Calbindin antibody (green). Several representative axon terminal tips are highlighted with arrowheads. One \u03bcm confocal stack. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show clumped red blood cells (RBCs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows clumped red blood cells (RBCs)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification view of a horizontal cell labeled with Calbindin antibody (green). Several representative axon terminal tips are highlighted with arrowheads. One \u03bcm confocal stack. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show clumped red blood cells (RBCs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show clumped red blood cells (RBCs)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8965.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small focus of viable tumor surrounded by necrosis. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 180 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does higher magnification of framed regions usually obscure the overall tissue architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, higher magnification of framed regions does not usually obscure the overall tissue architecture. The image shows that the overall tissue architecture is still visible and discernible even at higher magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small focus of viable tumor surrounded by necrosis. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 180 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does higher magnification of framed regions usually obscure the overall tissue architecture?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, higher magnification of framed regions can often obscure the overall tissue architecture. This is because the higher magnification may not provide a clear view of the entire tissue structure, making it difficult to assess the overall context of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13268.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. At high magnification, the coronavirus particles were spherical, with an average size of 100 nm, surrounded by a membrane, on the surface of which there are electron-dense outgrowths of the S-protein (arrowhead), and granular nucleocapsid structures (asterisks) can be seen in the lumen of the particles \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Tight Junctions (TJs) represented in red in the 3D model of the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 3D model of the lumen represents Tight Junctions (TJs) in red." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. At high magnification, the coronavirus particles were spherical, with an average size of 100 nm, surrounded by a membrane, on the surface of which there are electron-dense outgrowths of the S-protein (arrowhead), and granular nucleocapsid structures (asterisks) can be seen in the lumen of the particles \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Tight Junctions (TJs) represented in red in the 3D model of the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the TJs are not represented in red in the 3D model of the lumen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11309.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the adherence of E. coli or S. aureus to PE-NS-short be observed in the micrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the micrographs show the adherence of E. coli or S. aureus to PE-NS-short." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the adherence of E. coli or S. aureus to PE-NS-short be observed in the micrographs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the micrographs do not show the adherence of E. coli or S. aureus to PE-NS-short." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is short-axis echocardiography used in the assessment of the myocardium in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, short-axis echocardiography is used in the assessment of the myocardium in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is short-axis echocardiography used in the assessment of the myocardium in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, short-axis echocardiography is not used in the assessment of the myocardium in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2930.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large globular protein molecules covering the surface of MHA SAM after IgG coupling \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass ratio of PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) significant in the analysis of the SEM diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mass ratio of PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) is significant in the analysis of the SEM diagram. It helps to understand the distribution and interaction of the PU and Pt particles within the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Large globular protein molecules covering the surface of MHA SAM after IgG coupling \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass ratio of PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) significant in the analysis of the SEM diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mass ratio of PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) is not significant in the analysis of the SEM diagram." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9765.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the optical image show any signs of dry surface?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The optical image shows no signs of a dry surface." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the optical image show any signs of dry surface?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optical image shows a dry surface." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16434.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. the endothelium was stained negative for ACE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glial cells the primary type of cells observed in the cortical tissue histology slide?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, glial cells are the primary type of cells observed in the cortical tissue histology slide." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. the endothelium was stained negative for ACE \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are glial cells the primary type of cells observed in the cortical tissue histology slide?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, glial cells are not the primary type of cells observed in the cortical tissue histology slide." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show any evidence of pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of pleural effusion in the chest X-ray." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8106.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fungal hyphae visible under a 10% KOH mount at 400x magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows fungal hyphae visible under a 10% KOH mount at 400x magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are fungal hyphae visible under a 10% KOH mount at 400x magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fungal hyphae are not visible under a 10% KOH mount at 400x magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8106.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fungal hyphae be identified in a 10% KOH mount without additional staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fungal hyphae can be identified in a 10% KOH mount without additional staining. The image shows the presence of fungal hyphae in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can fungal hyphae be identified in a 10% KOH mount without additional staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fungal hyphae cannot be identified in a 10% KOH mount without additional staining. The 10% KOH mount is a common preparation technique used to examine fungal structures, but it may not be sufficient to clearly visualize and identify fungal hyphae. Additional staining, such as Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining, is often used to enhance the contrast and make the fungal structures more visible." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13262.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Control experiment showing confocal microscopic images of the serotonin1A receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells labeled with the NBD-labeled analog of serotonin (I) and chased with same volume of Milli-Q water (MQW) as in panel (a). Images represent mid-plane confocal sections of the same group of cells before and after addition of MQW. Scale bars represent 10 \u03bcm. See Materials and Methods for other details \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts involved in liver pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts, which are liver cells. However, it is important to note that the image itself does not directly show the involvement of these cells in liver pathology. To determine if primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts are involved in liver pathology, one would need to analyze the context of the study, the experimental conditions, and the results of the research." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Control experiment showing confocal microscopic images of the serotonin1A receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells labeled with the NBD-labeled analog of serotonin (I) and chased with same volume of Milli-Q water (MQW) as in panel (a). Images represent mid-plane confocal sections of the same group of cells before and after addition of MQW. Scale bars represent 10 \u03bcm. See Materials and Methods for other details \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts involved in liver pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts are not involved in liver pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8280.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MFJSD-O microcapsules visible under an 800x magnification after simulated intestinal digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MFJSD-O microcapsules are visible under an 800x magnification after simulated intestinal digestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MFJSD-O microcapsules visible under an 800x magnification after simulated intestinal digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MFJSD-O microcapsules are not visible under an 800x magnification after simulated intestinal digestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13586.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images contrast-enhanced to highlight the striping pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images were contrast-enhanced to highlight the striping pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images contrast-enhanced to highlight the striping pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the images were not contrast-enhanced to highlight the striping pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1218.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoclastic cells typically associated with invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case of invasive breast carcinoma with a high number of osteoclastic cells. This suggests that osteoclastic cells are typically associated with invasive breast carcinoma in this particular case. However, it is important to note that the presence of osteoclastic cells in invasive breast carcinoma may vary among different cases and studies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoclastic cells typically associated with invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoclastic cells are not typically associated with invasive breast carcinoma. They are more commonly found in bone metastases." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1218.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E stain commonly used for identifying osteoclastic cells in invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the H&E stain is commonly used for identifying osteoclastic cells in invasive breast carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H&E stain commonly used for identifying osteoclastic cells in invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, H&E stain is not commonly used for identifying osteoclastic cells in invasive breast carcinoma. Other stains, such as TRAP stain, are more commonly used for this purpose." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15720.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the RGB overlay include m/z images of patuletin diglucoside?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the RGB overlay in the image includes m/z images of patuletin diglucoside." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the RGB overlay include m/z images of patuletin diglucoside?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the RGB overlay does not include m/z images of patuletin diglucoside." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9360.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindled and pleomorphic CD34+ stromal cells in fibroepithelial polyps. Note in (E) a CD34+ multinucleated stromal cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells/tumor cells (SCs/TCs) observed in the arterial adventitia in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows CD34+ stem cells/tumor cells (SCs/TCs) in the arterial adventitia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindled and pleomorphic CD34+ stromal cells in fibroepithelial polyps. Note in (E) a CD34+ multinucleated stromal cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells/tumor cells (SCs/TCs) observed in the arterial adventitia in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34+ stem cells/tumor cells (SCs/TCs) are not observed in the arterial adventitia in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15984.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. as in (A), but in adult female A. gambiae organs. The areas 1 highlight the ovary, 2 the Malpighian tubules and 3 the gut. The image labelled \u201czoom\u201d shows a closeup of the ovarian area highlighted with the solid white rectangle (same image cropped and zoomed) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the immunofluorescence images used to analyze kidney tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunofluorescence images are used to analyze kidney tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. as in (A), but in adult female A. gambiae organs. The areas 1 highlight the ovary, 2 the Malpighian tubules and 3 the gut. The image labelled \u201czoom\u201d shows a closeup of the ovarian area highlighted with the solid white rectangle (same image cropped and zoomed) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the immunofluorescence images used to analyze kidney tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunofluorescence images are used to analyze adult female A. gambiae organs, specifically the ovary, Malpighian tubules, and gut." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15677.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the bright red color in the image represent the chloroplasts' chlorophyll fluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the bright red color in the image represents the chloroplasts' chlorophyll fluorescence." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the bright red color in the image represent the chloroplasts' chlorophyll fluorescence?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the bright red color in the image does not represent the chloroplasts' chlorophyll fluorescence. The bright red color is due to the presence of calcium in the chloroplasts, which is revealed by the staining technique used in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14187.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the fluorescence collected by excitation at 561 nm in the experiments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fluorescence was collected by excitation at 561 nm in the experiments." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the fluorescence collected by excitation at 561 nm in the experiments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the fluorescence collected by excitation at 561 nm was not used in the experiments." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10572.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single timepoint images at t = 0 (top panels, H) and t = 1800 s (lower panels, H) and kymographs (I) derived from light-sheet movies (Video 7) of the epidermis of 3dpf Tg(krtt1c19e:lyn-tdtomato)sq16 larvae treated with 0.1% DMSO (left panels) or 37.5 ng/ml PMA (right panels) showing the lack of membrane stability following PMA treatment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are human cells detected on the PET carrier using TRA-1-85 and STEM121 immunolabelings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, human cells were detected on the PET carrier using TRA-1-85 and STEM121 immunolabelings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Single timepoint images at t = 0 (top panels, H) and t = 1800 s (lower panels, H) and kymographs (I) derived from light-sheet movies (Video 7) of the epidermis of 3dpf Tg(krtt1c19e:lyn-tdtomato)sq16 larvae treated with 0.1% DMSO (left panels) or 37.5 ng/ml PMA (right panels) showing the lack of membrane stability following PMA treatment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are human cells detected on the PET carrier using TRA-1-85 and STEM121 immunolabelings?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, human cells were not detected on the PET carrier using TRA-1-85 and STEM121 immunolabelings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16146.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pathological examination of cervical mass revealed squamous cell carcinoma (left panel) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) identified in the right kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) in the right kidney." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pathological examination of cervical mass revealed squamous cell carcinoma (left panel) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) identified in the right kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the right kidney does not show any signs of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16791.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image depict a coronal section of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a gross specimen of the brain, which means it is a visual representation of the brain tissue. However, it is not a coronal section, which is a specific type of brain imaging that shows the brain in a vertical plane from front to back." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image depict a coronal section of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is not a coronal section of the brain. It is a pathological image of tomato leaves in control." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9529.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene nIs686 (gpa-16p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3 and in the mc1 marginal cells (not shown). Occasional dim expression was observed in pm1 (not shown) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SBs within FTS found in an AISI 304 stainless steel sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SBs within FTS are found in an AISI 304 stainless steel sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene nIs686 (gpa-16p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3 and in the mc1 marginal cells (not shown). Occasional dim expression was observed in pm1 (not shown) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SBs within FTS found in an AISI 304 stainless steel sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SBs within FTS are not found in an AISI 304 stainless steel sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5916.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the axons in the image devoid of any Schwann cell interaction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the axons in the image are not devoid of any Schwann cell interaction. The image shows a cross-section of the sciatic nerve, and the axons are surrounded by Schwann cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the axons in the image devoid of any Schwann cell interaction?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the axons in the image appear to be devoid of any Schwann cell interaction." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "559.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CA9 immunofluorescence overlaid with DAPI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles observed in the brain endothelium 2 hours after injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles in the brain endothelium 2 hours after injection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CA9 immunofluorescence overlaid with DAPI. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles observed in the brain endothelium 2 hours after injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles are not observed in the brain endothelium 2 hours after injection in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10971.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative pathological and histopathological examination of inguinal lymph nodes, submandibular lymphatic nodes, kidney, and spleen upon CSFV lethal challenge \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CDH12 expression observed in the ureteric bud?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, CDH12 expression is observed in the ureteric bud." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative pathological and histopathological examination of inguinal lymph nodes, submandibular lymphatic nodes, kidney, and spleen upon CSFV lethal challenge \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CDH12 expression observed in the ureteric bud?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CDH12 expression is not observed in the ureteric bud in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11325.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 30 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there six nanostructures directly interacting with S. aureus cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows six nanostructures directly interacting with S. aureus cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 30 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there six nanostructures directly interacting with S. aureus cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are not six nanostructures directly interacting with S. aureus cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3269.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an accumulation of filamentous amyloid-like material observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows an accumulation of filamentous amyloid-like material." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an accumulation of filamentous amyloid-like material observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no accumulation of filamentous amyloid-like material observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pore formation observed in the SEM image of the cryofractured surface?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pore formation is observed in the SEM image of the cryofractured surface." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pore formation observed in the SEM image of the cryofractured surface?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pore formation is not observed in the SEM image of the cryofractured surface." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "113.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are photosynthetic subunits of PSI and PSII present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows the presence of photosynthetic subunits of PSI and PSII." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are photosynthetic subunits of PSI and PSII present in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show the presence of photosynthetic subunits of PSI and PSII." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "113.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report suggest the presence of crude extracts from wild-type leaves?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology report suggests the presence of crude extracts from wild-type leaves." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report suggest the presence of crude extracts from wild-type leaves?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pathology report does not suggest the presence of crude extracts from wild-type leaves." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Skeletal muscle nuclei had a wide weak to moderate staining pattern. Here, the capillaries and supporting tissue are nearly negative (C) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are odontoblast-like cells (OCL) strongly positive for anti-DMP-1 staining in the CopGFP control DPSC transplants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the odontoblast-like cells (OCL) in the CopGFP control DPSC transplants are strongly positive for anti-DMP-1 staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Skeletal muscle nuclei had a wide weak to moderate staining pattern. Here, the capillaries and supporting tissue are nearly negative (C) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are odontoblast-like cells (OCL) strongly positive for anti-DMP-1 staining in the CopGFP control DPSC transplants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the odontoblast-like cells (OCL) in the CopGFP control DPSC transplants are not strongly positive for anti-DMP-1 staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13212.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunogold particles observed in lysosome-like structures in larger neurons \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should lymphocytes be included in the differential diagnosis for this chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, lymphocytes should be included in the differential diagnosis for this chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunogold particles observed in lysosome-like structures in larger neurons \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Should lymphocytes be included in the differential diagnosis for this chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes should not be included in the differential diagnosis for this chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16654.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple internal nuclei present in the muscle biopsy of the Italian proband?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the muscle biopsy of the Italian proband shows multiple internal nuclei." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple internal nuclei present in the muscle biopsy of the Italian proband?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the muscle biopsy of the Italian proband does not show the presence of multiple internal nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6053.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3-H2AX foci formation at the irradiated sites \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudocolor used to outline the postsynaptic specialization in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3-H2AX foci formation at the irradiated sites \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pseudocolor used to outline the postsynaptic specialization in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudocolor is not used to outline the postsynaptic specialization in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9348.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells or tumor cells (SCs/TCs) present around vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of CD34+ stem cells or tumor cells around vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells or tumor cells (SCs/TCs) present around vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that CD34+ stem cells or tumor cells are not present around vessels." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9938.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the composition of area 1 purely gold (Au)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The composition of area 1 is purely gold (Au)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the composition of area 1 purely gold (Au)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the composition of area 1 is not purely gold. It contains a mixture of gold and silver, with the gold content being 90% and the silver content being 10%." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9938.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does area 2 consist of a mixture of gold (Au) and indium (In)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, area 2 in the image consists of a mixture of gold (Au) and indium (In)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does area 2 consist of a mixture of gold (Au) and indium (In)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, area 2 in the image does not consist of a mixture of gold (Au) and indium (In)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9938.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is oxygen (O) present in area 4 at a concentration higher than 20.4%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that the oxygen concentration in area 4 is lower than 20.4%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is oxygen (O) present in area 4 at a concentration higher than 20.4%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the information provided, oxygen is present in area 4 at a concentration higher than 20.4%." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10449.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological sections of H & E staining in the hippocampus of mice receiving simvastatin, showing endothelial capillary proliferation (arrow) (magnification \u00d710) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the representative image show the cecal morphology of experimental ducks from Group 5?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the representative image shows the cecal morphology of experimental ducks from Group 5." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological sections of H & E staining in the hippocampus of mice receiving simvastatin, showing endothelial capillary proliferation (arrow) (magnification \u00d710) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the representative image show the cecal morphology of experimental ducks from Group 5?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the representative image does not show the cecal morphology of experimental ducks from Group 5." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9826.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In kidney whole mounts (sagittal halves), labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP were found in the glomeruli \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the resting cells located in the apical region of the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the resting cells are located in the apical region of the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In kidney whole mounts (sagittal halves), labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP were found in the glomeruli \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the resting cells located in the apical region of the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the resting cells are located in the basal region of the chest." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14813.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postnatal day 8 mice were treated with intranasal FITC-insulin or saline and their brains were fixed 30\u00a0min post-administration and immunostained with phospho-S6-specific antibody. Imaging of FITC fluorescence reveals widespread FITC distribution in the brain, indicating the presence of the FITC-insulin in the brain (left). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are 9 cm Petri dishes commonly used for culturing Camptobasidium arcticum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a 9 cm Petri dish being used for culturing Camptobasidium arcticum. However, it is important to note that the choice of Petri dish size may depend on the specific requirements of the experiment or the growth characteristics of the fungus. In general, Petri dishes come in various sizes, and the choice of size may depend on factors such as the amount of media needed, the size of the organism being cultured, and the desired level of detail in the observation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postnatal day 8 mice were treated with intranasal FITC-insulin or saline and their brains were fixed 30\u00a0min post-administration and immunostained with phospho-S6-specific antibody. Imaging of FITC fluorescence reveals widespread FITC distribution in the brain, indicating the presence of the FITC-insulin in the brain (left). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are 9 cm Petri dishes commonly used for culturing Camptobasidium arcticum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, 9 cm Petri dishes are not commonly used for culturing Camptobasidium arcticum. The image provided shows a different type of Petri dish being used for this purpose." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9406.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are different markers expressed in the silk fibroin group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that different markers are expressed in the silk fibroin group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are different markers expressed in the silk fibroin group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the silk fibroin group shows the expression of different markers, which are not observed in the control group." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2988.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cell-seeded scaffolds were clearly covered with matrix deposition after 21 days of culture at 200\u00d7 and 6000\u00d7x magnifications and scale bars represents 500, 20 \u03bcm (n = 3) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are planar aluminosilicate layers visible in a TEM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, planar aluminosilicate layers are visible in a TEM (transmission electron microscopy) image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cell-seeded scaffolds were clearly covered with matrix deposition after 21 days of culture at 200\u00d7 and 6000\u00d7x magnifications and scale bars represents 500, 20 \u03bcm (n = 3) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are planar aluminosilicate layers visible in a TEM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, planar aluminosilicate layers are not visible in a TEM image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the laser raster method used with a 10 mm spot size?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the laser raster method was not used with a 10 mm spot size in this particular case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the laser raster method used with a 10 mm spot size?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the laser raster method was used with a 10 mm spot size." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6729.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chloroplasts present in the sponge mesophyll?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of chloroplasts in the sponge mesophyll." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chloroplasts present in the sponge mesophyll?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chloroplasts are not present in the sponge mesophyll." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10190.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enhanced image (notice that the nuclei region is darker whilst background becomes lighter) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the inflammatory reactions in rosacea determined by staining with antibodies against TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inflammatory reactions in rosacea are determined by staining with antibodies against TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enhanced image (notice that the nuclei region is darker whilst background becomes lighter) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the inflammatory reactions in rosacea determined by staining with antibodies against TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammatory reactions in rosacea are not determined by staining with antibodies against TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. The image shows the results of staining with these antibodies, but the actual determination of inflammatory reactions in rosacea is not based on these specific stains." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11231.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can prostate-specific antigen (PSA) be detected in ureteral biopsy samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can be detected in ureteral biopsy samples." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can prostate-specific antigen (PSA) be detected in ureteral biopsy samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PSA cannot be detected in ureteral biopsy samples." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the examination of the muscle fibers 200\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used in the examination of the muscle fibers is 200\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the examination of the muscle fibers 200\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used in the examination of the muscle fibers is 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9731.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000\u00d7 magnification. (d) PVDF + GO 0.1% non-rolling electrospinnin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD) a component mentioned in the SEM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD) is a component mentioned in the SEM images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000\u00d7 magnification. (d) PVDF + GO 0.1% non-rolling electrospinnin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD) a component mentioned in the SEM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b2-cyclodextrin (B-CD) is not a component mentioned in the SEM images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7991.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue expression of p27/CDKN1B involve skin specimens from healthy donors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the tissue expression of p27/CDKN1B in skin specimens from healthy donors. However, it is important to note that the specific details of the image, such as the staining technique used, are not provided. The image is meant to illustrate the expression of p27/CDKN1B in healthy skin tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the tissue expression of p27/CDKN1B involve skin specimens from healthy donors?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue expression of p27/CDKN1B does not involve skin specimens from healthy donors." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15273.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal micrographs of unstained paraffin sections with excitation 488/568/647 nm show autofluorescence in some areas on the PET carrier in addition to monkey RPE. The image shows a central area of the hESC-RPE graft \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sulfur present in the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 does not show the presence of sulfur." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal micrographs of unstained paraffin sections with excitation 488/568/647 nm show autofluorescence in some areas on the PET carrier in addition to monkey RPE. The image shows a central area of the hESC-RPE graft \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is sulfur present in the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sulfur is present in the elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9331.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. histopathological analysis of specimen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are E. coli cells present in the AFM deflection image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The AFM deflection image shows the presence of E. coli cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. histopathological analysis of specimen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are E. coli cells present in the AFM deflection image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the AFM deflection image does not show the presence of E. coli cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9696.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermal layer in the chest pathology image highly thickened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The epidermal layer in the chest pathology image appears to be highly thickened." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermal layer in the chest pathology image highly thickened?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epidermal layer in the chest pathology image is not highly thickened." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "804.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MEC consists mostly of squamous and mucus-forming epithelium \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report describe synaptic positivity in the striatum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates synaptic positivity in the striatum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MEC consists mostly of squamous and mucus-forming epithelium \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report describe synaptic positivity in the striatum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pathology report does not describe synaptic positivity in the striatum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1395.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of GO/CS sponge at high magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nucleus of the host cell visible in the SEM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nucleus of the host cell is visible in the SEM image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of GO/CS sponge at high magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nucleus of the host cell visible in the SEM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nucleus of the host cell is not visible in the SEM image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3638.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A fractured PAS-negative cast with angulated contours and adherent mononuclear leukocytes is shown (PAS, \u00d7 600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the effects of the salt stress mitigated completely by spraying with 200 \u03bcM MT?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the effects of the salt stress are not completely mitigated by spraying with 200 \u03bcM MT. However, it is important to note that the extent of mitigation may vary depending on the specific conditions and the plant's response to the treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A fractured PAS-negative cast with angulated contours and adherent mononuclear leukocytes is shown (PAS, \u00d7 600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the effects of the salt stress mitigated completely by spraying with 200 \u03bcM MT?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the effects of the salt stress are mitigated completely by spraying with 200 \u03bcM MT." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6605.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upper panel 100\u00d7 magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the longitudinal section of Pleurolicus sp. observed in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the longitudinal section of Pleurolicus sp. is observed in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Upper panel 100\u00d7 magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the longitudinal section of Pleurolicus sp. observed in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the longitudinal section of Pleurolicus sp. is not observed in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16689.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Volumetric intensity of both Mem-mNG and AktPH-mSc show the intensity locations of the membrane ruffle and the restricted AktPH (49\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2009\u00b5m x, y) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the rat DRG stained with anti-PSAP in the immunofluorescence light micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the rat DRG is stained with anti-PSAP in the immunofluorescence light micrograph." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Volumetric intensity of both Mem-mNG and AktPH-mSc show the intensity locations of the membrane ruffle and the restricted AktPH (49\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2009\u00b5m x, y) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the rat DRG stained with anti-PSAP in the immunofluorescence light micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the rat DRG stained with anti-PSAP is not shown in the immunofluorescence light micrograph." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3041.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Observation in epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the adaxial face of the leaf blade excited at the UV range. Note the small blue spots at the end of the midrib (open arrow), and at each tooth of the dentate blade (arrows); the latter are shown at higher magnification in bright field and fluorescence microscopy upon excitation in the UV range and blue range, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of inflammatory cells in the liver of the animal treated with MAEON?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of inflammatory cells in the liver of the animal treated with MAEON." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Observation in epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the adaxial face of the leaf blade excited at the UV range. Note the small blue spots at the end of the midrib (open arrow), and at each tooth of the dentate blade (arrows); the latter are shown at higher magnification in bright field and fluorescence microscopy upon excitation in the UV range and blue range, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of inflammatory cells in the liver of the animal treated with MAEON?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of inflammatory cells in the liver of the animal treated with MAEON." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11100.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an increased cellularity observed in the alveolar walls?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows an increased cellularity in the alveolar walls." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there an increased cellularity observed in the alveolar walls?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no increased cellularity observed in the alveolar walls in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13420.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is RasGTP inhibition a part of the schematic's process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, RasGTP inhibition is a part of the schematic's process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing \u03b2-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression alone in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is RasGTP inhibition a part of the schematic's process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, RasGTP inhibition is not a part of the schematic's process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9648.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Leiomodin-1 detected in the blood vessels of the hippocampal area in a person with nodding syndrome?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of Leiomodin-1 in the blood vessels of the hippocampal area in a person with nodding syndrome." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Leiomodin-1 detected in the blood vessels of the hippocampal area in a person with nodding syndrome?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Leiomodin-1 is not detected in the blood vessels of the hippocampal area in a person with nodding syndrome." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9648.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunohistochemistry performed on post-mortem brain tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunohistochemistry is performed on post-mortem brain tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunohistochemistry performed on post-mortem brain tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunohistochemistry is performed on post-mortem retina tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2502.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is NAC102-eYFP localization studied in Arabidopsis protoplasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the localization of NAC102-eYFP is studied in Arabidopsis protoplasts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is NAC102-eYFP localization studied in Arabidopsis protoplasts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the localization of NAC102-eYFP is not studied in Arabidopsis protoplasts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the irradiation involve a dosage of 5Gy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histological section of a rat brain after irradiation with a dosage of 5Gy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the irradiation involve a dosage of 5Gy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the irradiation did not involve a dosage of 5Gy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were \u03b3H2AX foci observed in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of \u03b3H2AX foci in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were \u03b3H2AX foci observed in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b3H2AX foci were not observed in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4915.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photograph of holotype soldier (CNU\u2013TER\u2013BU\u20132018077) in dorsal view \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology report from Mountain Lake Biological Station involve DeepForest predictions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology report from Mountain Lake Biological Station involves DeepForest predictions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photograph of holotype soldier (CNU\u2013TER\u2013BU\u20132018077) in dorsal view \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology report from Mountain Lake Biological Station involve DeepForest predictions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology report from Mountain Lake Biological Station does not involve DeepForest predictions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2473.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. magnification 200\u00d7, scale bar 100 \u00b5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the staining in the microscopic images include oil red O, which is used for lipid fixation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the staining in the microscopic images includes oil red O, which is used for lipid fixation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. magnification 200\u00d7, scale bar 100 \u00b5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the staining in the microscopic images include oil red O, which is used for lipid fixation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining in the microscopic images does not include oil red O, which is used for lipid fixation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10754.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the lung sections show extensive inflammatory cell recruitment around bronchioles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lung sections show extensive inflammatory cell recruitment around bronchioles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the lung sections show extensive inflammatory cell recruitment around bronchioles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the lung sections do not show extensive inflammatory cell recruitment around bronchioles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8629.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merged channels (GFP, bright field, and DAPI \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was collagen gel used as the cultivation medium for the MCTS confrontation with ARs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the collagen gel was used as the cultivation medium for the MCTS (micro-cultured tissue spheres) confrontation with ARs (articular cartilage)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merged channels (GFP, bright field, and DAPI \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was collagen gel used as the cultivation medium for the MCTS confrontation with ARs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, collagen gel was not used as the cultivation medium for the MCTS confrontation with ARs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13414.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of \u03b2\u2010catenin expression in HO \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oocysts typically observed under phase-contrast microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, oocysts are typically observed under phase-contrast microscopy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of \u03b2\u2010catenin expression in HO \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are oocysts typically observed under phase-contrast microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, oocysts are typically observed under light microscopy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3951.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the EDX elemental mapping image show the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the EDX elemental mapping image shows the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the EDX elemental mapping image show the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the EDX elemental mapping image does not show the presence of chlorine in the chest pathology sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14873.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification insufficient for identifying cellular details?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification is not insufficient for identifying cellular details. The image provided shows a detailed view of the cellular structure, which is sufficient for identifying cellular details." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification insufficient for identifying cellular details?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification may be insufficient for identifying cellular details. Higher magnification, such as \u00d72000, may be necessary to better visualize and analyze the cellular structures in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14873.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification be considered a low magnification method?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification is not considered a low magnification method." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification be considered a low magnification method?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MBCP evaluation at \u00d71000 magnification can be considered a low magnification method." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells stained for E-cadherin in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells in the provided images are stained for E-cadherin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells stained for E-cadherin in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided images do not show the cells stained for E-cadherin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6434.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the neoplastic B lymphocytes in the left superior cervical lymph node exhibit aberrant CD5 staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the neoplastic B lymphocytes in the left superior cervical lymph node exhibit aberrant CD5 staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the neoplastic B lymphocytes in the left superior cervical lymph node exhibit aberrant CD5 staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the neoplastic B lymphocytes in the left superior cervical lymph node do not exhibit aberrant CD5 staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2616.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of P21-positive nuclei in untreated and PitStop2 treated cells fixed 24\u2009h after fusion. Arrow heads points at nuclei within fused cells negative for P21 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the measurement of mediolateral length crucial for assessing the size of the tissue block?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the measurement of mediolateral length is crucial for assessing the size of the tissue block. This measurement helps to determine the dimensions of the tissue block, which is important for understanding its characteristics and potential applications in research or clinical settings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of P21-positive nuclei in untreated and PitStop2 treated cells fixed 24\u2009h after fusion. Arrow heads points at nuclei within fused cells negative for P21 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the measurement of mediolateral length crucial for assessing the size of the tissue block?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the measurement of mediolateral length is not crucial for assessing the size of the tissue block. The size of the tissue block can be determined by measuring the mediolateral length, but it is not the only factor that can be used to assess the size of the tissue block. Other factors, such as the thickness of the tissue block, can also be considered when evaluating the size of the tissue block." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8254.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification secondary electron image showing the hatched region for (c) case 7 (0.8 mA). All but case 7 showed nearly identical melt tracks to case 1. Case 7 was the only to show clear evidence of under melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules show significant changes after simulated gastric digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules appears to be intact after simulated gastric digestion, as shown in the image. This suggests that the microcapsules did not undergo significant changes during the digestion process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification secondary electron image showing the hatched region for (c) case 7 (0.8 mA). All but case 7 showed nearly identical melt tracks to case 1. Case 7 was the only to show clear evidence of under melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules show significant changes after simulated gastric digestion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules does not show significant changes after simulated gastric digestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4082.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images show staining in Lewis Polycystic Kidney rats after sham and total RDN only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The images do not show staining in Lewis Polycystic Kidney rats after sham and total RDN only." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the images show staining in Lewis Polycystic Kidney rats after sham and total RDN only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images show staining in Lewis Polycystic Kidney rats after sham and total RDN only." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the micrograph show the presence of sustained growth in Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the micrograph shows sustained growth in Aux cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the micrograph show the presence of sustained growth in Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the micrograph does not show sustained growth in Aux cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the MIP-GFP supernatant used as a source of glucose for the Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MIP-GFP supernatant is not used as a source of glucose for the Aux cells. The glucose is added to the medium separately." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the MIP-GFP supernatant used as a source of glucose for the Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MIP-GFP supernatant is used as a source of glucose for the Aux cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the light micrographs indicate a lack of growth in the Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The light micrographs show that the Aux cells did not grow, as indicated by the absence of cell growth in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the light micrographs indicate a lack of growth in the Aux cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the light micrographs show a lack of growth in the Aux cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12093.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing high cellularity with slender spindle cells arranged in a distinct storiform pattern accumulating mainly in the underlying soft tisuue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TRPM6 typically found in the tumor of the colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that TRPM6 is typically found in the tumor of the colon." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing high cellularity with slender spindle cells arranged in a distinct storiform pattern accumulating mainly in the underlying soft tisuue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is TRPM6 typically found in the tumor of the colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, TRPM6 is not typically found in the tumor of the colon. It is more commonly associated with other types of tumors, such as those of the breast, lung, and ovary." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2693.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image use Hematoxylin and eosin staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image uses Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image use Hematoxylin and eosin staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not use Hematoxylin and eosin staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4631.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the fluorescence from the Nile Red nanosheet disappear completely by day 21 after implantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the fluorescence from the Nile Red nanosheet does not disappear completely by day 21 after implantation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the fluorescence from the Nile Red nanosheet disappear completely by day 21 after implantation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fluorescence from the Nile Red nanosheet disappears completely by day 21 after implantation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15564.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI-stained sections of DG and GCL, which were quantified by measure DG volume (G), GCL volume (H), and GCL thickness (I) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report involve staining for oligodendrocyte markers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows staining for oligodendrocyte markers." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI-stained sections of DG and GCL, which were quantified by measure DG volume (G), GCL volume (H), and GCL thickness (I) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report involve staining for oligodendrocyte markers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided image and report do not involve staining for oligodendrocyte markers." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6244.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the fin defect observed in the Tg(mpx:eGFP)i114 embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The fin defect is not observed in the Tg(mpx:eGFP)i114 embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the fin defect observed in the Tg(mpx:eGFP)i114 embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the fin defect is observed in the Tg(mpx:eGFP)i114 embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "680.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the images obtained using 3D SIM from patients with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images are obtained using 3D SIM from patients with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the images obtained using 3D SIM from patients with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the images are not obtained using 3D SIM from patients with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "680.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains used in the imaging process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were used in the imaging process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains used in the imaging process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were not used in the imaging process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3770.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of 21 days aged PET fracture surface at 75 \u00b0C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image of the left side of the RWM show a division into three parts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM image of the left side of the RWM shows a division into three parts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of 21 days aged PET fracture surface at 75 \u00b0C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image of the left side of the RWM show a division into three parts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image of the left side of the RWM does not show a division into three parts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4202.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LC3B antibodies used to label the oocytes in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the oocytes were labeled with LC3B antibodies in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LC3B antibodies used to label the oocytes in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LC3B antibodies were not used to label the oocytes in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7891.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pathological examination revealed well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (H.E. \u00d7 100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cytopathogenic effects of TGEV on STE62 cell cultures observable only after one day of inoculation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cytopathogenic effects of TGEV on STE62 cell cultures are not observable only after one day of inoculation. The image shows that the effects are not evident at 24 hours post-inoculation, but they become more apparent at 48 hours post-inoculation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Pathological examination revealed well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (H.E. \u00d7 100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cytopathogenic effects of TGEV on STE62 cell cultures observable only after one day of inoculation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cytopathogenic effects of TGEV on STE62 cell cultures are observable only after one day of inoculation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative reaction control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the sample show expression of red fluorescence only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the sample did not show expression of red fluorescence only." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Negative reaction control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the sample show expression of red fluorescence only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample showed expression of red fluorescence only." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1509.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: At this level of magnification, is it possible to observe individual mitochondria within the perinucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, it is possible to observe individual mitochondria within the perinucleus at this level of magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: At this level of magnification, is it possible to observe individual mitochondria within the perinucleus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, it is not possible to observe individual mitochondria within the perinucleus at this level of magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2961.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. image of\u00a0arabidopsis plant roots from UV imaging syste \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a magnification of 500\u00d7 sufficient to observe micro-fractures in instruments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of 500\u00d7 is sufficient to observe micro-fractures in instruments." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. image of\u00a0arabidopsis plant roots from UV imaging syste \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a magnification of 500\u00d7 sufficient to observe micro-fractures in instruments?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a magnification of 500\u00d7 is not sufficient to observe micro-fractures in instruments. Higher magnification, such as 1000\u00d7, is required to accurately observe and analyze these micro-fractures." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12707.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was IHC staining used to measure OCN protein expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to measure OCN protein expression in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was IHC staining used to measure OCN protein expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, IHC staining was not used to measure OCN protein expression in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hydroxychloroquine exposure lead to the enlargement of the glomerulus in fish?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that hydroxychloroquine exposure does not lead to the enlargement of the glomerulus in fish." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does hydroxychloroquine exposure lead to the enlargement of the glomerulus in fish?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that hydroxychloroquine exposure can lead to the enlargement of the glomerulus in fish." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14302.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The morphological diagrams of the doxorubicin nanopreparation after 12 hours of administration, and the partially enlarged diagram of (e \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was immunohistochemical staining performed at day 30 in Mat and BEM organoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, immunohistochemical staining was performed at day 30 in Mat and BEM organoids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The morphological diagrams of the doxorubicin nanopreparation after 12 hours of administration, and the partially enlarged diagram of (e \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was immunohistochemical staining performed at day 30 in Mat and BEM organoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, immunohistochemical staining was not performed at day 30 in Mat and BEM organoids." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4526.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Skeletal muscle nuclei had a wide weak to moderate staining pattern. Here, the capillaries and supporting tissue are nearly negative (C) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the IHC microphotograph taken from a damaged tissue group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The IHC microphotograph is not taken from a damaged tissue group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Skeletal muscle nuclei had a wide weak to moderate staining pattern. Here, the capillaries and supporting tissue are nearly negative (C) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the IHC microphotograph taken from a damaged tissue group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the IHC microphotograph is taken from a damaged tissue group." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11112.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the CD38 molecule distribution uniform on the surface of MM.1S cells after ricolinostat treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the CD38 molecule distribution is not uniform on the surface of MM.1S cells after ricolinostat treatment." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification \u00d710,000 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the CD38 molecule distribution uniform on the surface of MM.1S cells after ricolinostat treatment?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CD38 molecule distribution appears to be uniform on the surface of MM.1S cells after ricolinostat treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SNX19-KO cell shown in the bottom row transfected with a SNX19-GFP construct?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SNX19-KO cell shown in the bottom row has been transfected with a SNX19-GFP construct." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SNX19-KO cell shown in the bottom row transfected with a SNX19-GFP construct?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SNX19-KO cell shown in the bottom row is not transfected with a SNX19-GFP construct." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5883.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM micrograph include an image of the inner section of the CS-ZX aerogel bead?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM micrograph includes an image of the inner section of the CS-ZX aerogel bead." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM micrograph include an image of the inner section of the CS-ZX aerogel bead?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM micrograph does not include an image of the inner section of the CS-ZX aerogel bead." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6439.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes (Magnification 20\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of numerous mitotic figures in the mass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates the presence of numerous mitotic figures in the mass." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes (Magnification 20\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report indicate the presence of numerous mitotic figures in the mass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pathology report does not indicate the presence of numerous mitotic figures in the mass." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6439.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes (Magnification 20\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there necrotic cells observed in the mass from the left cheek and neck?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, necrotic cells were observed in the mass from the left cheek and neck." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes (Magnification 20\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there necrotic cells observed in the mass from the left cheek and neck?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, necrotic cells were not observed in the mass from the left cheek and neck." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9790.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show the spleen of L. infantum-infected mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the photomicrograph shows the spleen of L. infantum-infected mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show the spleen of L. infantum-infected mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the photomicrograph shows the lung of L. infantum-infected mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "840.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of 3D BT network structure obtained at 1100 \u00b0C\u20143 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SEM images taken of adult S. mansoni worms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The SEM images were taken of adult S. mansoni worms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of 3D BT network structure obtained at 1100 \u00b0C\u20143 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the SEM images taken of adult S. mansoni worms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM images were taken of adult S. haematobium worms." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "840.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of 3D BT network structure obtained at 1100 \u00b0C\u20143 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were female worms isolated from the control mice included in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, female worms were isolated from the control mice included in the study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of 3D BT network structure obtained at 1100 \u00b0C\u20143 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were female worms isolated from the control mice included in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, female worms were not isolated from the control mice included in the study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10617.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the measurements pooled from both vehicle-treated and Taxotere-treated mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the measurements were pooled from both vehicle-treated and Taxotere-treated mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the measurements pooled from both vehicle-treated and Taxotere-treated mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the measurements were pooled from both vehicle-treated and Taxotere-treated mice only for the analysis of the porphyrazine fluorescence channel." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3764.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. kidney (tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the RWM considered a part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the RWM is considered a part of the respiratory system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. kidney (tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the RWM considered a part of the respiratory system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the RWM is not considered a part of the respiratory system." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16304.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Flower; \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the provided images 20 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars in the provided images are 20 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Flower; \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the provided images 20 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars in the provided images are 50 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2050.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small focus of viable tumor surrounded by necrosis. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 180 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the border between the stratum oriens and alveus part of the dorsal hippocampus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the border between the stratum oriens and alveus is part of the dorsal hippocampus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small focus of viable tumor surrounded by necrosis. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 180 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the border between the stratum oriens and alveus part of the dorsal hippocampus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the border between the stratum oriens and alveus is not part of the dorsal hippocampus. It is located in the ventral hippocampus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9504.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. M-L/D-V length\u2014measurement of mediolateral and dorsoventral lengths of tissue block \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers involved in therapeutic applications that could affect the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the histological appearance of a chest wall biopsy, which is a sample of tissue taken from the chest wall. The presence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers in this context is not explicitly mentioned. However, it is important to note that dendrimers are often used in various therapeutic applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and cancer treatment. The involvement of these dendrimers in therapeutic applications that could affect the chest region would depend on the specific application and the context of the study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. M-L/D-V length\u2014measurement of mediolateral and dorsoventral lengths of tissue block \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers involved in therapeutic applications that could affect the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the dendrimers are not involved in therapeutic applications that could affect the chest region." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1987.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SpoVQ-mCherry localization studied in \u0394spoVQ strains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the localization of SpoVQ-mCherry in \u0394spoVQ strains." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SpoVQ-mCherry localization studied in \u0394spoVQ strains?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, SpoVQ-mCherry localization is not studied in \u0394spoVQ strains." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1987.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u0394sipL\u0394spoVQ strains included in the study of SpoVQ-mCherry localization?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the \u0394sipL\u0394spoVQ strains are included in the study of SpoVQ-mCherry localization." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u0394sipL\u0394spoVQ strains included in the study of SpoVQ-mCherry localization?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the \u0394sipL\u0394spoVQ strains are not included in the study of SpoVQ-mCherry localization." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10784.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A microscopic photo of sperm derived from ejaculated semen of #62 precocious monkeys. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a strong intracytoplasmic positive immunoreaction for fibrinogen in the affected myocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows a strong intracytoplasmic positive immunoreaction for fibrinogen in the affected myocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A microscopic photo of sperm derived from ejaculated semen of #62 precocious monkeys. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a strong intracytoplasmic positive immunoreaction for fibrinogen in the affected myocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no strong intracytoplasmic positive immunoreaction for fibrinogen in the affected myocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10784.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A microscopic photo of sperm derived from ejaculated semen of #62 precocious monkeys. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was Mayer\u2019s hematoxylin used as a counterstain in the observed pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Mayer\u2019s hematoxylin was used as a counterstain in the observed pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A microscopic photo of sperm derived from ejaculated semen of #62 precocious monkeys. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was Mayer\u2019s hematoxylin used as a counterstain in the observed pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Mayer\u2019s hematoxylin was not used as a counterstain in the observed pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12892.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Alpha-1 receptor \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudocolored maps commonly used in chest pathology to visualize Pcn nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudocolored maps are commonly used in chest pathology to visualize Pcn nuclei. These maps help to identify and differentiate various structures and regions within the tissue sample, making it easier for pathologists to analyze and interpret the findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Alpha-1 receptor \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pseudocolored maps commonly used in chest pathology to visualize Pcn nuclei?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudocolored maps are not commonly used in chest pathology to visualize Pcn nuclei." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3747.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 42 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was periodic methenamine silver staining used in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, periodic methenamine silver staining was used in the analysis of the histopathological specimen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 42 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was periodic methenamine silver staining used in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, periodic methenamine silver staining was not used in the analysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3747.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 42 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glomeruli observed at a magnification of \u00d7400?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glomeruli are observed at a magnification of \u00d7400 in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 42 with magnification 20\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glomeruli observed at a magnification of \u00d7400?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glomeruli are not observed at a magnification of \u00d7400." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4559.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there severe congestion observed in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no severe congestion observed in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there severe congestion observed in the tissue sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is severe congestion observed in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15414.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing diffuse strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid cells with weaker staining in cells with greater maturation, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granulomas in the dermis necrotizing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The granulomas in the dermis appear to be non-necrotizing, which means they are not causing tissue death or necrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing diffuse strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid cells with weaker staining in cells with greater maturation, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granulomas in the dermis necrotizing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granulomas in the dermis are necrotizing, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15414.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing diffuse strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid cells with weaker staining in cells with greater maturation, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granulomas primarily located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The granulomas are primarily located in the dermis, not the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing diffuse strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid cells with weaker staining in cells with greater maturation, original magnification 100\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the granulomas primarily located in the epidermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the granulomas are primarily located in the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3964.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the BHK-21 cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the BHK-21 cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the BHK-21 cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the BHK-21 cells were not fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8268.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MFJSD-WO microcapsules visible under a magnification of 800\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MFJSD-WO microcapsules are visible under a magnification of 800\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MFJSD-WO microcapsules visible under a magnification of 800\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MFJSD-WO microcapsules are not visible under a magnification of 800\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16682.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immunogold particles observed in many small lysosomes in satellite cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of immunogold particles in many small lysosomes in satellite cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immunogold particles observed in many small lysosomes in satellite cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, immunogold particles are not observed in many small lysosoms in satellite cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1217.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Images taken at 200\u00d7 magnification showing damaged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer in the edge of the epithelial layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD163 negativity observed in epithelioid cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows CD163 negativity in epithelioid cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Images taken at 200\u00d7 magnification showing damaged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer in the edge of the epithelial layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CD163 negativity observed in epithelioid cells in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD163 negativity is not observed in epithelioid cells in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4511.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmission electron micrographs of a CS-AuNP-treated RWM with or without preceding USMB exposure (upper panels). The lower panels reveal the magnification of the square region in the upper panels, where multiple AuNPs can be observed (arrows) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H3K9me2 localization observed in TSC on Day 0?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows H3K9me2 localization in TSC on Day 9. However, it is not clear whether H3K9me2 localization is observed in TSC on Day 0. To answer the question, I would need to see the image for Day 0 as well." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmission electron micrographs of a CS-AuNP-treated RWM with or without preceding USMB exposure (upper panels). The lower panels reveal the magnification of the square region in the upper panels, where multiple AuNPs can be observed (arrows) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is H3K9me2 localization observed in TSC on Day 0?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, H3K9me2 localization is not observed in TSC on Day 0." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "703.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percentage of embryos that failed to hatch after feeding RNAi knockdown in wild-type \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the sample size for each group less than 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sample size for each group was greater than 3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percentage of embryos that failed to hatch after feeding RNAi knockdown in wild-type \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the sample size for each group less than 3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample size for each group was less than 3." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9786.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with TMX-NC at 20 mg/kg/day (oral) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the spleens of L. infantum-infected mice treated with Blank-NC showing visible signs of infection under photomicrography?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spleens of L. infantum-infected mice treated with Blank-NC show visible signs of infection under photomicrography." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with TMX-NC at 20 mg/kg/day (oral) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the spleens of L. infantum-infected mice treated with Blank-NC showing visible signs of infection under photomicrography?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the spleens of L. infantum-infected mice treated with Blank-NC do not show any visible signs of infection under photomicrography." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunohistochemical expression of ER\u03b2 receptors being observed in the descending colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunohistochemical expression of ER\u03b2 receptors is being observed in the descending colon." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunohistochemical expression of ER\u03b2 receptors being observed in the descending colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunohistochemical expression of ER\u03b2 receptors is being observed in the descending colon of the rat spinal cord." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scanned slide indicate immunohistochemical analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scanned slide indicates immunohistochemical analysis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scanned slide indicate immunohistochemical analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scanned slide does not indicate immunohistochemical analysis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3975.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liquefaction necrosis typically associated with bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, liquefaction necrosis is typically associated with bacterial infections. It is a type of tissue death characterized by the liquefaction of the affected tissue, which can be seen in various bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium species." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is liquefaction necrosis typically associated with bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, liquefaction necrosis is not typically associated with bacterial infections. It is more commonly associated with viral infections, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1282.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 3D\u2010SIM imaging of chromatin labeled with DAPI reveals curvilinear chains of chromatin domains (CDs). Adopted from Miron et al (2020) with permission \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is polycystin-2 expression observed in the PT of a WT mouse kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that polycystin-2 expression is observed in the PT of a WT mouse kidney." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 3D\u2010SIM imaging of chromatin labeled with DAPI reveals curvilinear chains of chromatin domains (CDs). Adopted from Miron et al (2020) with permission \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is polycystin-2 expression observed in the PT of a WT mouse kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, polycystin-2 expression is not observed in the PT of a WT mouse kidney." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1282.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 3D\u2010SIM imaging of chromatin labeled with DAPI reveals curvilinear chains of chromatin domains (CDs). Adopted from Miron et al (2020) with permission \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was IF staining used to demonstrate polycystin-2 expression in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, IF staining was used to demonstrate polycystin-2 expression in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 3D\u2010SIM imaging of chromatin labeled with DAPI reveals curvilinear chains of chromatin domains (CDs). Adopted from Miron et al (2020) with permission \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was IF staining used to demonstrate polycystin-2 expression in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, IF staining was not used to demonstrate polycystin-2 expression in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9522.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the first deposition of GO observed using EPD?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the first deposition of GO (graphene oxide) was observed using EPD (environmental scanning electron microscopy)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the first deposition of GO observed using EPD?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the first deposition of GO was not observed using EPD." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9522.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used to observe the first deposition of GO 10.6 k?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used to observe the first deposition of GO 10.6 k is 10.6 k." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used to observe the first deposition of GO 10.6 k?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used to observe the first deposition of GO 10.6 k is 20x." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8397.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytoplasmic vacuolization a common feature in primary FSGS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a glomerulus with cytoplasmic vacuolization, which is a common feature in primary FSGS." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cytoplasmic vacuolization a common feature in primary FSGS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cytoplasmic vacuolization is not a common feature in primary FSGS. It is more characteristic of secondary FSGS." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16890.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GFP fluorescence was detected below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts at 17 DAG with a Leica SP8 confocal microscope. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are G1M2 blastuloid spheroids present in the micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The micrograph shows the presence of G1M2 blastuloid spheroids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. GFP fluorescence was detected below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts at 17 DAG with a Leica SP8 confocal microscope. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are G1M2 blastuloid spheroids present in the micrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, G1M2 blastuloid spheroids are not present in the micrograph." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2043.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the testis, seminiferous tubules (T) had different nuclear staining intensities, from negative to strong \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the subgranular zone (SGZ) part of the hippocampal formation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the subgranular zone (SGZ) is a part of the hippocampal formation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the testis, seminiferous tubules (T) had different nuclear staining intensities, from negative to strong \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the subgranular zone (SGZ) part of the hippocampal formation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the subgranular zone (SGZ) is not part of the hippocampal formation. It is a region within the hippocampus, which is a part of the brain involved in learning and memory." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16748.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the excised tissue composed primarily of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The excised tissue appears to be composed primarily of epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the excised tissue composed primarily of epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the excised tissue is composed primarily of stromal cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16748.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of chronic inflammation in the excised tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of chronic inflammation in the excised tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there signs of chronic inflammation in the excised tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report show signs of chronic inflammation in the excised tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13865.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Same as in (A) except for Ank1+/+;Dlx5/6-Cre \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inflammatory cells present at the insertion point of fibers in sample 1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of inflammatory cells at the insertion point of fibers in sample 1." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Same as in (A) except for Ank1+/+;Dlx5/6-Cre \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inflammatory cells present at the insertion point of fibers in sample 1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows the absence of inflammatory cells at the insertion point of fibers in sample 1." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2850.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polarized light image of P(3HO) film in 10\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image taken at a magnification of 2000\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM image is taken at a magnification of 2000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polarized light image of P(3HO) film in 10\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the SEM image taken at a magnification of 2000\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image is taken at a magnification of 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6127.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pH level of the biofilm during the second static phase recorded as 6.4?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pH level of the biofilm during the second static phase is recorded as 6.4." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the pH level of the biofilm during the second static phase recorded as 6.4?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the pH level of the biofilm during the second static phase is not recorded as 6.4." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13030.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the filarial worm surrounded by a dense mixed inflammatory reaction in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the filarial worm is surrounded by a dense mixed inflammatory reaction in the provided chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the filarial worm surrounded by a dense mixed inflammatory reaction in the provided chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the filarial worm in the provided chest pathology image is not surrounded by a dense mixed inflammatory reaction." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9987.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the NeuRet vector shown in the middle section of the image for the macaques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the NeuRet vector is shown in the middle section of the image for the macaques." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the NeuRet vector shown in the middle section of the image for the macaques?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the NeuRet vector is not shown in the middle section of the image for the macaques." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8653.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. phase contrast images show endothelial cells are lined up in the direction of flow (scale bar is 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were VM structures identified by PAS-staining in the tumor section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that VM structures were identified by PAS-staining in the tumor section." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. phase contrast images show endothelial cells are lined up in the direction of flow (scale bar is 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were VM structures identified by PAS-staining in the tumor section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, VM structures were not identified by PAS-staining in the tumor section." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5842.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Group subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of \u00d740. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the TEM image taken 6 hours after intraperitoneal injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the TEM image was taken 6 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of the drug." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Group subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of \u00d740. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the TEM image taken 6 hours after intraperitoneal injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the TEM image is taken 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6303.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlargement reveals free standing HAP platelets inside the disruption zone around the hole, indicating the loss of the supporting collagen matrix. The plates are larger than expected, the largest are over 100 nm long and show 60\u201380 nm in width. The collagen fibrils underneath, showing typical striation pattern, are still present and are not affected by the local removal of collagen in the neighbored area \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are autophagosomes present in the electron micrographs of hearts subjected to I 30 min/R 48 h and treated with Nec-1+DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the electron micrographs of hearts subjected to I 30 min/R 48 h and treated with Nec-1+DMSO show the presence of autophagosomes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlargement reveals free standing HAP platelets inside the disruption zone around the hole, indicating the loss of the supporting collagen matrix. The plates are larger than expected, the largest are over 100 nm long and show 60\u201380 nm in width. The collagen fibrils underneath, showing typical striation pattern, are still present and are not affected by the local removal of collagen in the neighbored area \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are autophagosomes present in the electron micrographs of hearts subjected to I 30 min/R 48 h and treated with Nec-1+DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, autophagosomes are not present in the electron micrographs of hearts subjected to I 30 min/R 48 h and treated with Nec-1+DMSO." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8891.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-MUC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does periodic Schiff-methenamine staining detect the peritubular basement membrane?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, periodic Schiff-methenamine staining is used to detect the peritubular basement membrane in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-MUC \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does periodic Schiff-methenamine staining detect the peritubular basement membrane?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, periodic Schiff-methenamine staining does not detect the peritubular basement membrane." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14903.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E-stained slides were digitally scanned on an Aperio ImageScope Digital slide scanner at low-power (\u00d71.2). We used an algorithm developed by Visiopharm (imaging analysis software) to more objectively quantity steatosis droplets in the liver biopsies. Lipid droplets that were considered as macrovesicular steatosis droplets measured\u2009>\u2009250 square \u00b5m in greatest dimension (turquoise-colored circles) and microvesicular steatosis \u201cEq.\u00a0(2)\u201d droplets were those that measured\u2009<\u2009250 square \u00b5m (magenta circles). All lipid droplets smaller than 25 square microns were removed to diminish background. Vessels and artifacts in the biopsy tissue were marked with black dashed lines (see G and H), allowing them to be removed from analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images used to analyze the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM images are used to analyze the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E-stained slides were digitally scanned on an Aperio ImageScope Digital slide scanner at low-power (\u00d71.2). We used an algorithm developed by Visiopharm (imaging analysis software) to more objectively quantity steatosis droplets in the liver biopsies. Lipid droplets that were considered as macrovesicular steatosis droplets measured\u2009>\u2009250 square \u00b5m in greatest dimension (turquoise-colored circles) and microvesicular steatosis \u201cEq.\u00a0(2)\u201d droplets were those that measured\u2009<\u2009250 square \u00b5m (magenta circles). All lipid droplets smaller than 25 square microns were removed to diminish background. Vessels and artifacts in the biopsy tissue were marked with black dashed lines (see G and H), allowing them to be removed from analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images used to analyze the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM images are not used to analyze the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold. The SEM images are used to analyze the liver biopsies, specifically to quantify steatosis droplets in the liver tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2959.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images taken at a magnification of 250\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM images are taken at a magnification of 250\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images taken at a magnification of 250\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM images are taken at a magnification of 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10004.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is D13 IHC commonly employed to differentiate between malignant and benign cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, D13 IHC is commonly employed to differentiate between malignant and benign cells in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is D13 IHC commonly employed to differentiate between malignant and benign cells in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, D13 IHC is not commonly employed to differentiate between malignant and benign cells in chest pathology. It is used to identify specific cell types, such as the ones mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15126.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the images 10 \u03bcm in length?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars in the images are 10 \u03bcm in length." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the images 10 \u03bcm in length?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars in the images are 50 \u03bcm in length." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7427.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the H&E stain assess inflammation in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the H&E stain in the image is used to assess inflammation in the lung biopsies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the H&E stain assess inflammation in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the H&E stain does not assess inflammation in the lung biopsies. It is used to visualize the general structure and morphology of the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "58.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 100 \u00b5M U012 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are xylem and phloem tissues absent in the transverse section of a storage root?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, xylem and phloem tissues are not absent in the transverse section of a storage root. These tissues are essential components of the plant's vascular system and play crucial roles in the transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 100 \u00b5M U012 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are xylem and phloem tissues absent in the transverse section of a storage root?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the transverse section of a storage root in the image shows the absence of xylem and phloem tissues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "58.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 100 \u00b5M U012 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cortex layer visible in the transverse section of a storage root?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cortex layer is visible in the transverse section of a storage root." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 100 \u00b5M U012 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cortex layer visible in the transverse section of a storage root?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cortex layer is not visible in the transverse section of a storage root in the provided image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10012.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Structural features of globular particles at \u00d7500 and \u00d7835 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MpVLPs associated with large cytoplasmic vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that MpVLPs are associated with large cytoplasmic vesicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Structural features of globular particles at \u00d7500 and \u00d7835 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are MpVLPs associated with large cytoplasmic vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MpVLPs are not associated with large cytoplasmic vesicles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12001.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show PDX1 positive ductal cells in a mouse pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the photomicrograph shows PDX1 positive ductal cells in a mouse pancreas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show PDX1 positive ductal cells in a mouse pancreas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the photomicrograph does not show PDX1 positive ductal cells in a mouse pancreas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12001.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the mice treated only with saline in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mice were not treated only with saline in the study. They were treated with a combination of saline and a specific substance, which is not specified in the provided information." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the mice treated only with saline in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mice were treated only with saline in the study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14891.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Looped RNAs associated with vRNPs were observed. Scale bars represent 50\u2009nm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tight junctions a feature of \u03b22-tanycytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows tight junctions in the \u03b22-tanycytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Looped RNAs associated with vRNPs were observed. Scale bars represent 50\u2009nm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tight junctions a feature of \u03b22-tanycytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tight junctions are not a feature of \u03b22-tanycytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "444.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was hematoxylin and eosin staining used in the photomicrograph of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used in the photomicrograph of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was hematoxylin and eosin staining used in the photomicrograph of the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was not used in the photomicrograph of the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11226.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fungal strain (\u0394pex6) impaired for Pex6 expressing mCherry-SKL displays less distinct fluorescent spots compared to WT expressing the same construct \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report focus on chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is related to liver pathology, so it does not focus on chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fungal strain (\u0394pex6) impaired for Pex6 expressing mCherry-SKL displays less distinct fluorescent spots compared to WT expressing the same construct \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report focus on chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the report focuses on chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16193.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor typically found in the central nervous system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor is typically found in the central nervous system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor typically found in the central nervous system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor is not typically found in the central nervous system. It is more commonly found in the peripheral nervous system." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14879.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histopathological profile of kidney tissue from normal diet control (n = 7). GL represents glomerulus and BV represents blood vessel. Scale bar: 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken from the membrane implantation area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is taken from the membrane implantation area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative histopathological profile of kidney tissue from normal diet control (n = 7). GL represents glomerulus and BV represents blood vessel. Scale bar: 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken from the membrane implantation area?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is taken from the normal diet control group, which means it is not from the membrane implantation area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16590.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence staining of Ezrin and p-ERM demonstrates the protein level of both Ezrin and p-ERM are increased in the medulla of Pdcd10-deficient kidneys correlated to the decreased expression of Aqp2 (dashed lines indicate the boundaries between cortex and medulla) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression observed in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression in the developing chick embryo. However, it is not possible to determine if Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression is observed in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) based on the image alone. To answer the question, more information or additional images would be needed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence staining of Ezrin and p-ERM demonstrates the protein level of both Ezrin and p-ERM are increased in the medulla of Pdcd10-deficient kidneys correlated to the decreased expression of Aqp2 (dashed lines indicate the boundaries between cortex and medulla) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression observed in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Gpr125-\u03b2-Gal expression is not observed in Hensen\u2019s cells (HeC) in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16590.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence staining of Ezrin and p-ERM demonstrates the protein level of both Ezrin and p-ERM are increased in the medulla of Pdcd10-deficient kidneys correlated to the decreased expression of Aqp2 (dashed lines indicate the boundaries between cortex and medulla) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cochleae samples taken from Gpr125lacZ/+ mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cochleae samples are taken from Gpr125lacZ/+ mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence staining of Ezrin and p-ERM demonstrates the protein level of both Ezrin and p-ERM are increased in the medulla of Pdcd10-deficient kidneys correlated to the decreased expression of Aqp2 (dashed lines indicate the boundaries between cortex and medulla) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cochleae samples taken from Gpr125lacZ/+ mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cochleae samples are taken from Pdcd10-deficient mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6833.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The picture shows the characteristic osteoblasts seams with the unmineralized osteoid. Part of the new bone entombs the VSCM fibers that appear pink \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there marked mural inflammation present in the pulmonary vessel?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a pulmonary vessel with mild mural inflammation. This means that there is some inflammation present in the wall of the blood vessel, but it is not very severe." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The picture shows the characteristic osteoblasts seams with the unmineralized osteoid. Part of the new bone entombs the VSCM fibers that appear pink \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there marked mural inflammation present in the pulmonary vessel?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no marked mural inflammation present in the pulmonary vessel in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6833.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The picture shows the characteristic osteoblasts seams with the unmineralized osteoid. Part of the new bone entombs the VSCM fibers that appear pink \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammation cause distortion and compression of the vessel wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the inflammation is causing distortion and compression of the vessel wall." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The picture shows the characteristic osteoblasts seams with the unmineralized osteoid. Part of the new bone entombs the VSCM fibers that appear pink \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammation cause distortion and compression of the vessel wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inflammation does not cause distortion and compression of the vessel wall." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4830.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A small amount of red blood cells in the alveoli can be seen at 50 \u00d7 magnification in the treatment group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are gastric pits a normal feature of stomach tissue in BALB/c mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, gastric pits are a normal feature of stomach tissue in BALB/c mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A small amount of red blood cells in the alveoli can be seen at 50 \u00d7 magnification in the treatment group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are gastric pits a normal feature of stomach tissue in BALB/c mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, gastric pits are not a normal feature of stomach tissue in BALB/c mice. The presence of gastric pits in the image suggests an abnormality or pathological change in the stomach tissue of the BALB/c mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16296.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myeloid bodies (white arrowhead) surrounding sarcoplasmic inclusions (black arrowhead). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of bacterial growth within the IBC observed before the administration of ampicillin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of bacterial growth within the IBC after the administration of ampicillin. However, it does not provide information about whether bacterial growth was observed before the administration of ampicillin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Myeloid bodies (white arrowhead) surrounding sarcoplasmic inclusions (black arrowhead). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of bacterial growth within the IBC observed before the administration of ampicillin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of bacterial growth within the IBC was observed after the administration of ampicillin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14404.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute tubular injury a feature observed in the kidney biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, acute tubular injury is a feature observed in the kidney biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is acute tubular injury a feature observed in the kidney biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, acute tubular injury is not a feature observed in the kidney biopsy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2580.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior intralaminar nucleus Pcn, and rostral part of MDl. Note in A) and B) the dense innervation in Pv, Cdc and Pcn even at low magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cell death staining performed to assess the viability of the tumor organoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, cell death staining is performed to assess the viability of the tumor organoids. This staining helps to visualize and evaluate the health and viability of the cells within the organoids." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Anterior intralaminar nucleus Pcn, and rostral part of MDl. Note in A) and B) the dense innervation in Pv, Cdc and Pcn even at low magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is cell death staining performed to assess the viability of the tumor organoids?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cell death staining is not performed to assess the viability of the tumor organoids in this particular case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1875.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are C918-GFP cells localized on the external surfaces of blood vessels in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the C918-GFP cells are localized on the external surfaces of blood vessels in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are C918-GFP cells localized on the external surfaces of blood vessels in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the C918-GFP cells are not localized on the external surfaces of blood vessels in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1875.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the endomucin staining positively identify blood vessels throughout the tumor in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the endomucin staining positively identified blood vessels throughout the tumor in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the endomucin staining positively identify blood vessels throughout the tumor in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the endomucin staining did not positively identify blood vessels throughout the tumor in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16395.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons present in the lateral opening of the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of tph-mRNA expressing neurons in the lateral opening of the III ventricle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons present in the lateral opening of the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that tph-mRNA expressing neurons are not present in the lateral opening of the III ventricle." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7479.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei stained with Hoechst?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nuclei in the image are stained with Hoechst, which is a fluorescent dye commonly used to visualize cell nuclei in histological sections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei stained with Hoechst?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei in the image are not stained with Hoechst." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13473.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is GCaMP expression driven by transgene nIs686 observed in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that GCaMP expression is driven by transgene nIs686 and is observed in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is GCaMP expression driven by transgene nIs686 observed in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, GCaMP expression is not driven by transgene nIs686 in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13473.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there dim GCaMP expression occasionally observed in pm1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that dim GCaMP expression is occasionally observed in pm1." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there dim GCaMP expression occasionally observed in pm1?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image and the reference report do not show dim GCaMP expression in pm1." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10798.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunofluorescence labelling of GLP-1R (red) with Iba1, GFAP and NeuN (green) in the TNC in CM mice after NTG injection. The graphs in show the TNC regions, which are marked by the white dotted line frame \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are U-2 OS cells used in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, U-2 OS cells are used in the pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Double immunofluorescence labelling of GLP-1R (red) with Iba1, GFAP and NeuN (green) in the TNC in CM mice after NTG injection. The graphs in show the TNC regions, which are marked by the white dotted line frame \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are U-2 OS cells used in the pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, U-2 OS cells are not used in the pathology image. The image is related to the TNC regions in CM mice after NTG injection, and it is double immunofluorescence labelled with GLP-1R (red) and Iba1, GFAP, and NeuN (green)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15027.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay image 200 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay image is 200 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay image 200 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay image is 20 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9450.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percent of traced sheaths surrounding PV axons within an ROI at baseline vs. 5 weeks recovery, same Ns as in c (ns, not significant, p\u2009=\u20090.068, paired two-tailed t-test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was time-lapse imaging used to analyze the co-cultured cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, time-lapse imaging was used to analyze the co-cultured cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percent of traced sheaths surrounding PV axons within an ROI at baseline vs. 5 weeks recovery, same Ns as in c (ns, not significant, p\u2009=\u20090.068, paired two-tailed t-test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was time-lapse imaging used to analyze the co-cultured cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, time-lapse imaging was not used to analyze the co-cultured cells in this particular study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9450.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percent of traced sheaths surrounding PV axons within an ROI at baseline vs. 5 weeks recovery, same Ns as in c (ns, not significant, p\u2009=\u20090.068, paired two-tailed t-test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs analyzed without co-culturing with MMs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were analyzed after co-culturing with MMs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Percent of traced sheaths surrounding PV axons within an ROI at baseline vs. 5 weeks recovery, same Ns as in c (ns, not significant, p\u2009=\u20090.068, paired two-tailed t-test) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs analyzed without co-culturing with MMs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were analyzed without co-culturing with MMs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9242.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Prussian blue staining be applied to liver tissue for diagnostic purposes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Prussian blue staining can be applied to liver tissue for diagnostic purposes. It is a histological technique used to detect the presence of iron in tissue samples. This staining method can help identify iron overload in the liver, which is a condition where there is an excessive accumulation of iron in the liver cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Prussian blue staining be applied to liver tissue for diagnostic purposes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Prussian blue staining cannot be applied to liver tissue for diagnostic purposes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells typically found in the reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows CD34+ stem cells in the reticular dermis, which is an unusual location for these cells. Typically, CD34+ stem cells are found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood. However, in this particular case, the cells are present in the reticular dermis, which is a layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells typically found in the reticular dermis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34+ stem cells are not typically found in the reticular dermis. They are usually found in the papillary dermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10031.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlarged image of non-infected cells treated \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are A/PR/8-infected cells treated with chrysin enlarged in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows A/PR/8-infected cells that have been treated with chrysin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enlarged image of non-infected cells treated \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are A/PR/8-infected cells treated with chrysin enlarged in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows non-infected cells treated with chrysin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5657.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inner hair cells (IHCs) labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the apical turn of the guinea pig cochlea?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that inner hair cells (IHCs) are labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the apical turn of the guinea pig cochlea." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are inner hair cells (IHCs) labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the apical turn of the guinea pig cochlea?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the inner hair cells (IHCs) are not labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the apical turn of the guinea pig cochlea." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5657.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ribbon synapses in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) indicated by a yellow asterisk in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the yellow asterisk in the image indicates ribbon synapses in the inner spiral plexus (ISP)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are ribbon synapses in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) indicated by a yellow asterisk in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, ribbon synapses in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) are not indicated by a yellow asterisk in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any treatments administered to the mouse during the 16-week period?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mouse did not receive any treatments during the 16-week period." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were any treatments administered to the mouse during the 16-week period?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mouse was treated with a specific treatment during the 16-week period." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of vasculitis in the glomerular arteriole?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of vasculitis in the glomerular arteriole." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of vasculitis in the glomerular arteriole?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no evidence of vasculitis in the glomerular arteriole in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6542.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological manifestations. (a) Hematoxilin (HE), (b) Masson Goldner Trichrome (MGT), (c) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Solid arrows indicate edema and influx of inflammatory cells, dashed arrows epithelial erosions, bold arrows show fibrosis, and arrows with a circle arrowhead indicate goblet cell loss \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the microphotograph show an ischemic glomerulus with tuft collapse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the microphotograph shows an ischemic glomerulus with tuft collapse." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological manifestations. (a) Hematoxilin (HE), (b) Masson Goldner Trichrome (MGT), (c) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Solid arrows indicate edema and influx of inflammatory cells, dashed arrows epithelial erosions, bold arrows show fibrosis, and arrows with a circle arrowhead indicate goblet cell loss \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the microphotograph show an ischemic glomerulus with tuft collapse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the microphotograph does not show an ischemic glomerulus with tuft collapse." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "786.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross sections of the seventh internode from transgenic lines 29 at 400 magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report describe a diffuse involvement of all glomeruli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology report does not describe a diffuse involvement of all glomeruli. Instead, it mentions that the glomeruli are affected in a patchy manner, with some glomeruli being involved and others being spared." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross sections of the seventh internode from transgenic lines 29 at 400 magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology report describe a diffuse involvement of all glomeruli?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology report indicates that there is a diffuse involvement of all glomeruli." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6236.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lateral micrographs used to observe the effects of DMSO and PMA on embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the lateral micrographs are used to observe the effects of DMSO and PMA on embryos." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lateral micrographs used to observe the effects of DMSO and PMA on embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lateral micrographs are not used to observe the effects of DMSO and PMA on embryos. The image provided is a higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4391.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 200X magnification depicting apoptotic bodies marked by red arrows \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the colonies in the chest pathology image labeled with DsRed-Express2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the colonies in the chest pathology image are labeled with DsRed-Express2." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 200X magnification depicting apoptotic bodies marked by red arrows \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the colonies in the chest pathology image labeled with DsRed-Express2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the colonies in the chest pathology image are not labeled with DsRed-Express2." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14926.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows agglomeration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Agglomeration refers to the clustering or grouping of CNTs together, rather than individual CNTs being visible." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14926.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image fail to show any individual CNTs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image does not show any individual CNTs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image fail to show any individual CNTs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image fails to show any individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11897.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The large intestine had eosinophil infiltration (white arrows) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do true positives (TPs) and true negatives (TNs) share the same color representation in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, in the image, true positives (TPs) and true negatives (TNs) share the same color representation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The large intestine had eosinophil infiltration (white arrows) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do true positives (TPs) and true negatives (TNs) share the same color representation in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, true positives (TPs) and true negatives (TNs) do not share the same color representation in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8847.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of the B-SiOC-3 assembly (inset is the photograph of a neck, a kind of pipe fitting). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section show giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section shows the presence of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of the B-SiOC-3 assembly (inset is the photograph of a neck, a kind of pipe fitting). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section show giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section does not show GCTB tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "335.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the renal findings the primary cause of death in this fetus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that the renal findings were not the primary cause of death in this fetus. the primary cause of death was a massive hemorrhage in the brain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the renal findings the primary cause of death in this fetus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the renal findings were the primary cause of death in this fetus." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1158.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Syndecan-1 H-score: 34.70. Ki-67: 41.67%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (D' and D''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: blue 0 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the NICD1 stain used in this microscopic view?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the NICD1 stain is used in this microscopic view." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Syndecan-1 H-score: 34.70. Ki-67: 41.67%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (D' and D''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: blue 0 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the NICD1 stain used in this microscopic view?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the NICD1 stain is not used in this particular microscopic view." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the ventral aorta (VA) one of the cardiac regions indicated in the schematic drawing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ventral aorta (VA) is one of the cardiac regions indicated in the schematic drawing." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the ventral aorta (VA) one of the cardiac regions indicated in the schematic drawing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the ventral aorta (VA) is not one of the cardiac regions indicated in the schematic drawing. The schematic drawing focuses on the cardiac regions, while the ventral aorta is a separate structure." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1986.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 9-\u03bcm sagittal section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were sporulating cells visualized by phase-contrast microscopy in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, sporulating cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 9-\u03bcm sagittal section \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were sporulating cells visualized by phase-contrast microscopy in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, sporulating cells were not visualized by phase-contrast microscopy in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17065.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is KDM5A a marker used in the immunostaining of the nuclei in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, KDM5A is a marker used in the immunostaining of the nuclei in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is KDM5A a marker used in the immunostaining of the nuclei in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, KDM5A is not a marker used in the immunostaining of the nuclei in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17065.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the ovaries from the control group structurally different from those in the PB-exposed group based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Based on the image, it appears that there is no significant difference in the structure of the ovaries between the control group and the PB-exposed group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Number of component \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the ovaries from the control group structurally different from those in the PB-exposed group based on this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the ovaries from the control group appear to be structurally different from those in the PB-exposed group based on the provided information." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the analysis performed on an E. coli cell?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the analysis was performed on an E. coli cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the analysis performed on an E. coli cell?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the analysis was performed on a HeLa cell, which is a human cell line commonly used in biomedical research." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the subject of the analysis related to a bacterial cell rather than a human chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the subject of the analysis is related to a bacterial cell, rather than a human chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the subject of the analysis related to a bacterial cell rather than a human chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the subject of the analysis is related to a human chest pathology, rather than a bacterial cell." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4988.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin and eosin stain staining of the bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow (95%) with erythroid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with mildly left\u2010shifted granulopoiesis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes observed in small aggregations in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with simvastatin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows lymphocytes observed in small aggregations in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with simvastatin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin and eosin stain staining of the bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow (95%) with erythroid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with mildly left\u2010shifted granulopoiesis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are lymphocytes observed in small aggregations in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with simvastatin?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, lymphocytes are not observed in small aggregations in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with simvastatin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2607.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RTLs of selected genes involved in cell wall synthesis of the WT and \u0394AoMkk1 mutant at different time points \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the features observed in a polarized light image of P(3HO) film specific to malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The features observed in the polarized light image of the P(3HO) film are not specific to malignant cells. The image shows a general view of the film, and the features are not unique to cancerous cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RTLs of selected genes involved in cell wall synthesis of the WT and \u0394AoMkk1 mutant at different time points \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the features observed in a polarized light image of P(3HO) film specific to malignant cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the features observed in a polarized light image of P(3HO) film are specific to malignant cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "446.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells show hyperexpression of p53. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) present in high levels in the photomicrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the photomicrograph shows high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells show hyperexpression of p53. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) present in high levels in the photomicrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the photomicrograph does not show high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "446.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells show hyperexpression of p53. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show a high level of TILs, defined as \u226530%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The photomicrograph shows a high level of TILs, which is defined as \u226530%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor cells show hyperexpression of p53. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the photomicrograph show a high level of TILs, defined as \u226530%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the photomicrograph does not show a high level of TILs, defined as \u226530%." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11130.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the immunohistochemical detection of pro-inflammatory cells within the implantation bed of the porcine aorta patch (PAP) at day 10 post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissue (CT) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining used in the photomicrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used in the photomicrograph." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the immunohistochemical detection of pro-inflammatory cells within the implantation bed of the porcine aorta patch (PAP) at day 10 post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissue (CT) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining used in the photomicrograph?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was not used in the photomicrograph." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "381.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar used in the measurement 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar used in the measurement is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar used in the measurement 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar used in the measurement is 1000 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7940.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CLDN5 immunolabelling continuous in the contralateral side of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CLDN5 immunolabelling appears to be continuous in the contralateral side of the brain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is CLDN5 immunolabelling continuous in the contralateral side of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the CLDN5 immunolabelling is not continuous in the contralateral side of the brain." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7940.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the x- and y-axes dimensions 140 \u00b5m in the observed pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the x- and y-axes dimensions in the observed pathology are 140 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the x- and y-axes dimensions 140 \u00b5m in the observed pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the x- and y-axes dimensions in the observed pathology are 140 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14995.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there enlarged lymph nodes observed in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show any enlarged lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there enlarged lymph nodes observed in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows enlarged lymph nodes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2967.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison of the use of ET SEI detector at 1.4 kV in cryo-SEM micrographs of a multiple O/W/O/W emulsion \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of pleural effusion in the provided report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The provided report does not mention pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison of the use of ET SEI detector at 1.4 kV in cryo-SEM micrographs of a multiple O/W/O/W emulsion \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any mention of pleural effusion in the provided report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a mention of pleural effusion in the provided report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14338.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Giemsa staining be used to detect rings in patients' blood samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Giemsa staining can be used to detect rings in patients' blood samples. The image shows a micrograph of a blood sample stained with Giemsa, which helps to visualize the rings and other structures within the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can Giemsa staining be used to detect rings in patients' blood samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Giemsa staining cannot be used to detect rings in patients' blood samples." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14338.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the centric rings and dicentric chromosomes difficult to identify with Giemsa staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the centric rings and dicentric chromosomes are easily identifiable with Giemsa staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the centric rings and dicentric chromosomes difficult to identify with Giemsa staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the centric rings and dicentric chromosomes are difficult to identify with Giemsa staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "458.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the imaging reveal the existence of red-color zinc-binding elements in beta cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of red-color zinc-binding elements in beta cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the imaging reveal the existence of red-color zinc-binding elements in beta cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the imaging does not reveal the existence of red-color zinc-binding elements in beta cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "458.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining with DTZ used to determine AD-MSCs differentiation into IPCs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the staining with DTZ is used to determine the differentiation of AD-MSCs into IPCs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining with DTZ used to determine AD-MSCs differentiation into IPCs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining with DTZ is used to determine the presence of melanophages in the tumor samples." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numbers of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils per square millimeter of arteriolar endothelium during the first 6\u2009h of the infection. Data are shown as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are leukocytes measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the quantification of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numbers of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils per square millimeter of arteriolar endothelium during the first 6\u2009h of the infection. Data are shown as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are leukocytes measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, leukocytes are not measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in this particular study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4323.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Statistical analysis showing the length of tube formation in vitro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the worms treated in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The worms were not treated in the study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Statistical analysis showing the length of tube formation in vitro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the worms treated in the study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the worms were treated in the study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2162.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Opto-htl embryos stained with Mef-2 and Eve antibodies at stage 16?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Opto-htl embryos are stained with Mef-2 and Eve antibodies at stage 16." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Opto-htl embryos stained with Mef-2 and Eve antibodies at stage 16?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Opto-htl embryos are not stained with Mef-2 and Eve antibodies at stage 16." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) of confocal micrographs of immunofluorescence assays for PCDH19 and \u03b2III-tubulin showing the structure of neural rosettes derived from CTRL, PCDH19mut and mixed iPSCs. Scale bar = 20 \u03bcm. 3D rendering shows the type of division close to the center of the rosettes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the axon map obtained from a D\u03b2H immunostained section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the axon map is obtained from a D\u03b2H immunostained section." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) of confocal micrographs of immunofluorescence assays for PCDH19 and \u03b2III-tubulin showing the structure of neural rosettes derived from CTRL, PCDH19mut and mixed iPSCs. Scale bar = 20 \u03bcm. 3D rendering shows the type of division close to the center of the rosettes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the axon map obtained from a D\u03b2H immunostained section?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the axon map is obtained from a PCDH19 immunostained section." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4694.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days. To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 40 \u03bcm in panel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the kidney biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a kidney biopsy with no evidence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days. To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 40 \u03bcm in panel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the kidney biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the kidney biopsy shows evidence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4694.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days. To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 40 \u03bcm in panel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular deposits of IgM and C3 found in the mesangium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows granular deposits of IgM and C3 in the mesangium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days. To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 40 \u03bcm in panel \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granular deposits of IgM and C3 found in the mesangium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image shows that granular deposits of IgM and C3 are not found in the mesangium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13094.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissue sections stained in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tissue sections in the provided images are not stained." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissue sections stained in the provided images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sections in the provided images are stained." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3663.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the interaction of RNAP176 with DNA observed in the provided AFM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the interaction of RNAP176 with DNA is observed in the provided AFM images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the interaction of RNAP176 with DNA observed in the provided AFM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the interaction of RNAP176 with DNA is not observed in the provided AFM images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3663.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of small molecule therapeutics irrelevant to the DNA architecture observed in the AFM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the presence of small molecule therapeutics is not irrelevant to the DNA architecture observed in the AFM images. The image shows that the DNA architecture is affected by the presence of small molecule therapeutics, as indicated by the arrow." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars\u00a0= 5 \u03bcm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars\u00a0= 2 \u03bcm) (N\u00a0= 3 in each group) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the presence of small molecule therapeutics irrelevant to the DNA architecture observed in the AFM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the presence of small molecule therapeutics in the kidneys appears to be irrelevant to the DNA architecture observed in the AFM images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2931.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass ratio of PU/Pt mixtures 10 g/ft3 in the SEM diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the mass ratio of PU/Pt mixtures in the SEM diagram is 10 g/ft3." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the mass ratio of PU/Pt mixtures 10 g/ft3 in the SEM diagram?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the mass ratio of PU/Pt mixtures in the SEM diagram is 10 g/m3." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12285.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LEM2-mCh a component expressed in HeLa cells in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the expression of LEM2-mCh in HeLa cells. However, it is important to note that the expression of LEM2-mCh is not observed in the cells shown in the image. Instead, the image shows the expression of mCherry, which is used as a marker to visualize the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is LEM2-mCh a component expressed in HeLa cells in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LEM2-mCh is not a component expressed in HeLa cells in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mast cells the predominant cell type in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, mast cells are not the predominant cell type in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are mast cells the predominant cell type in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, mast cells are the predominant cell type in the histology of the BN kidney upon removal from the BN rat." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10645.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels counted only using SMA expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the vessels are counted using both SMA expression and DAPI staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vessels counted only using SMA expression?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vessels are counted only using SMA expression." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13208.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used for the light microscopy examination \u00d7100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used for the light microscopy examination was \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (\u00d710 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used for the light microscopy examination \u00d7100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for the light microscopy examination was \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6091.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histological samples taken from the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histological samples are taken from the kidney region." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the histological samples taken from the chest region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The histological samples are taken from the chest region." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6091.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Would the findings in this report be relevant for diagnosing a chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the findings in this report are not relevant for diagnosing a chest pathology. The image and report are related to a kidney pathology, which is not the same as a chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Would the findings in this report be relevant for diagnosing a chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The findings in this histopathological report are relevant for diagnosing a chest pathology. The image shows a primary spermatocyte, which is a type of germ cell found in the testes. However, it is important to note that the presence of primary spermatocytes in a chest pathology is not typical. The image is likely used for educational purposes to help viewers understand the appearance of primary spermatocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images taken at intervals longer than 6 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the images were taken at intervals shorter than 6 hours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 \u03bcM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar \u2014 20 \u03bc \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images taken at intervals longer than 6 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images were taken at intervals longer than 6 hours." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12346.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Empty tubular lumen in control group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the observed invagination of cytoplasm occur in the extracellular space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the invagination of cytoplasm does not occur in the extracellular space. Instead, it is observed in the cytoplasm of the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Empty tubular lumen in control group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the observed invagination of cytoplasm occur in the extracellular space?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the invagination of cytoplasm into the extracellular space." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7652.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. reference standard defined by the exper \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visualization of the trigeminal ganglion at E11.5 indicative of a chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the visualization of the trigeminal ganglion at E11.5 is not indicative of a chest pathology. The trigeminal ganglion is a structure in the head, and its visualization at this stage of development is not related to chest pathologies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. reference standard defined by the exper \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the visualization of the trigeminal ganglion at E11.5 indicative of a chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The visualization of the trigeminal ganglion at E11.5 is not indicative of a chest pathology. It is a normal finding in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8682.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are NDMVs commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, NDMVs are not commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM. They are typically observed as irregularly shaped structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are NDMVs commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that NDMVs are commonly found to have a regular spherical shape in SEM." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14658.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa cells the only type of cells where FOXO1 protein is localized in the ovaries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, FOXO1 protein is also localized in the oocytes of the ovaries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are granulosa cells the only type of cells where FOXO1 protein is localized in the ovaries?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, according to the image, FOXO1 protein is localized in granulosa cells in the ovaries." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9697.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK5/ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the burnt wounds observed in human skin samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the burnt wounds were not observed in the human skin samples." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CK5/ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the burnt wounds observed in human skin samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the histopathological appearance of burnt wounds in a rat model. It is not a human skin sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3979.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1, VEGFA, FGF2, RUNX2, OPN, PPAR\u03b3, ALP, and OCN in femoral heads of rats \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the dimension of the quartzite fragment 65x42x19 mm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the dimension of the quartzite fragment is not 65x42x19 mm. The actual dimension of the quartzite fragment is 50x35x15 mm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1, VEGFA, FGF2, RUNX2, OPN, PPAR\u03b3, ALP, and OCN in femoral heads of rats \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the dimension of the quartzite fragment 65x42x19 mm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the dimension of the quartzite fragment is 65x42x19 mm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15054.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for observing microparticles formulation GF1 less than \u00d71,000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used for observing microparticles formulation GF1 is \u00d710,000." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for observing microparticles formulation GF1 less than \u00d71,000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for observing microparticles formulation GF1 is less than \u00d71,000." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2844.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Blue Masson's trichrome\u2010stained area transformed from image G using Image\u2010Pro Plus 6.0 software. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nodules in this chest X-ray exhibit calcification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nodules in this chest X-ray do not exhibit calcification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Blue Masson's trichrome\u2010stained area transformed from image G using Image\u2010Pro Plus 6.0 software. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nodules in this chest X-ray exhibit calcification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows nodules without calcification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10741.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a positive Ki67 immunohistochemical stain confirm the tumor as a leiomyosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a positive Ki67 immunohistochemical stain does not confirm the tumor as a leiomyosarcoma. The Ki67 index is a measure of the proportion of cells in a tissue sample that are actively proliferating. A high Ki67 index can be indicative of a more aggressive tumor, but it is not specific to any particular type of cancer. In this case, the Ki67 index is used to help differentiate between different types of tumors, but it is not definitive for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a positive Ki67 immunohistochemical stain confirm the tumor as a leiomyosarcoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a positive Ki67 immunohistochemical stain can help confirm the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Ki67 is a protein that is used as a marker for cell proliferation, and its presence in the tumor cells can provide evidence of active cell division, which is a characteristic feature of leiomyosarcoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10741.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Ki67 staining used to diagnose inflammatory conditions in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Ki67 staining is not used to diagnose inflammatory conditions in the chest. It is used to assess the proliferative activity of cells in a tissue sample, which can be helpful in determining the aggressiveness of certain types of tumors." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Ki67 staining used to diagnose inflammatory conditions in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a chest X-ray with Ki67 staining, which is used to assess the presence of inflammation. However, it is important to note that Ki67 staining is not the primary diagnostic tool for inflammatory conditions in the chest. It is a technique used to visualize cell proliferation, which can be helpful in certain situations, such as evaluating the response to treatment or assessing the aggressiveness of a disease. In this case, the chest X-ray is used to visualize the inflammation, but the diagnosis should be based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and other imaging techniques." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "709.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RNAscope combined to IF shows Nox4 expression at the proximal tubule and not at the collecting tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is nephrin loss always associated with the presence of 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, nephrin loss is not always associated with the presence of 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells. The image shows that nephrin loss is observed in the proximal tubule, but the presence of 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells is not observed in the collecting tubule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RNAscope combined to IF shows Nox4 expression at the proximal tubule and not at the collecting tubule \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is nephrin loss always associated with the presence of 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that there is a correlation between nephrin loss and the presence of 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells. However, it is important to note that this is just one observation, and the relationship between these two factors may not always be consistent. Further studies and analysis would be needed to determine the exact relationship between nephrin loss and 8-oxoG\u2212positive cells in different contexts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9767.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron morphological observation of wild-type and mutant strains after 48 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of aggregation in the dry beads as seen in the optical image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the optical image shows that the dry beads appear to be aggregated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron morphological observation of wild-type and mutant strains after 48 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication of aggregation in the dry beads as seen in the optical image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The optical image of the dry beads does not show any indication of aggregation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9886.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric at magnification of 2000\u00d7; point \u201c1\u201d is marked for EDS analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is positive nuclear expression of OCT commonly associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, positive nuclear expression of OCT is not commonly associated with benign conditions. It is more frequently associated with malignant conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric at magnification of 2000\u00d7; point \u201c1\u201d is marked for EDS analysis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is positive nuclear expression of OCT commonly associated with benign conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a positive nuclear expression of OCT in a benign condition. However, it is important to note that the presence of OCT expression in a benign condition is not always the norm. The expression of OCT can be associated with both benign and malignant conditions. In this specific case, the positive nuclear expression of OCT is observed in a benign condition, but it is essential to consider the patient's clinical history and consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15514.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The percentage of glomeruli with ETAR-positive endothelium per patient correlated with the percentage of glomeruli with nephrin loss in patients with FSGS \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the provided slide considered a negative control for the expression of MCM-7 protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the provided slide is considered a negative control for the expression of MCM-7 protein." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The percentage of glomeruli with ETAR-positive endothelium per patient correlated with the percentage of glomeruli with nephrin loss in patients with FSGS \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the provided slide considered a negative control for the expression of MCM-7 protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided slide is not considered a negative control for the expression of MCM-7 protein." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8520.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in only one viewpoint?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in two different viewpoints. The first panel (A) shows the EdU-labeled cells in a top viewpoint, while the second panel (B) shows the EdU-labeled cells in a side viewpoint." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in only one viewpoint?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the panels illustrate the EdU-labeled cells in only one viewpoint." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15724.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. overlap of the two (green \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the BMSCs cocultured for more than 3 days in the CLSM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the BMSCs are cocultured for 3 days in the CLSM image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. overlap of the two (green \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the BMSCs cocultured for more than 3 days in the CLSM image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The CLSM image shows BMSCs cocultured for more than 3 days." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13408.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 500 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification \u00d72000; scales: 100 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 500 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 500 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13124.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, N. inconspicua is not relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification \u00d7 200 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is N. inconspicua relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, N. inconspicua is relevant to the differential diagnosis of respiratory conditions. It is a type of fungus that can cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The image shows a histopathological view of N. inconspicua, which can help healthcare professionals identify the presence of this fungus in respiratory samples and consider it as a potential cause of respiratory conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10787.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for AM with 25 \u03bcW/cm2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the imaging performed on fixed cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the imaging was performed on live cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for AM with 25 \u03bcW/cm2. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the imaging performed on fixed cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the imaging was performed on fixed cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16513.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased DAT (green fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar\u2009=\u200920\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b1SMA-stained cells usually associated with epithelial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b1SMA-stained cells are typically associated with smooth muscle tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased DAT (green fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar\u2009=\u200920\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03b1SMA-stained cells usually associated with epithelial tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows \u03b1SMA-stained cells in the epithelial tissue. However, it is important to note that \u03b1SMA-stained cells are not typically associated with epithelial tissue. They are more commonly found in smooth muscle cells, which are involved in the contraction of blood vessels and other organs. The presence of \u03b1SMA-stained cells in the epithelial tissue may indicate an abnormality or a specific type of tissue, such as a tumor or a pathological condition. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11557.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pixels in the chest pathology image randomly dispersed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pixels in the chest pathology image are randomly dispersed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the pixels in the chest pathology image randomly dispersed?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pixels in the chest pathology image are not randomly dispersed. Instead, they are arranged in a specific pattern, which is likely related to the underlying pathology or disease process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9226.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of the basic PA 6 solution exposed to the step change \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the CLSM image taken in transmission mode?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the CLSM image is taken in reflection mode." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of the basic PA 6 solution exposed to the step change \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the CLSM image taken in transmission mode?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the CLSM image is taken in transmission mode." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10281.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells according to the TMIT classification: (C) TMIT III \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary cell type observed in the tumor images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary cell type observed in the tumor images. The primary cell type observed in the tumor images is CD8+ TILs, which are a type of immune cell." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells according to the TMIT classification: (C) TMIT III \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary cell type observed in the tumor images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, eosinophils are the primary cell type observed in the tumor images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9621.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar indicate a length of 100 \u03bcm in the images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the images indicates a length of 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar indicate a length of 100 \u03bcm in the images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the images indicates a length of 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2699.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolabelling showing labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant and DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue but absent from the collagen implant midway through the column (f; ~3\u2009mm from RMS), and present in the collagen at the interface with the endogenous RMS (g) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma have a Ki-67 index of 10%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Ki-67 index for well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma is typically less than 10%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolabelling showing labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant and DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue but absent from the collagen implant midway through the column (f; ~3\u2009mm from RMS), and present in the collagen at the interface with the endogenous RMS (g) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma have a Ki-67 index of 10%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma with a Ki-67 index of 10%. This means that 10% of the cells in the tumor are actively proliferating." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9380.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Progesterone receptor staining from case belonging to the 75\u2013100% group at \u00d7200 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for the HLA-DR immunostaining in the bladder tumor sample 40\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used for the HLA-DR immunostaining in the bladder tumor sample is \u00d7200." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Progesterone receptor staining from case belonging to the 75\u2013100% group at \u00d7200 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for the HLA-DR immunostaining in the bladder tumor sample 40\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for the HLA-DR immunostaining in the bladder tumor sample is 40\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3885.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the textile electrode feature a screen-printed coating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the textile electrode features a screen-printed coating." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the textile electrode feature a screen-printed coating?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The textile electrode in the image does not feature a screen-printed coating." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2085.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken at a lower magnification, such as 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image is taken at a higher magnification, specifically 100x." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the image taken at a lower magnification, such as 40x?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image was taken at a lower magnification, specifically 40x." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6205.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar for the observed morphology greater than 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar for the observed morphology is 50 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 \u03bcm. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar for the observed morphology greater than 100 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The scale bar for the observed morphology in the image is greater than 100 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8870.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids constructed only by vascular endothelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids are constructed by vascular endothelial cells and pericytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sinusoid-like structures in the organoids constructed only by vascular endothelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sinusoid-like structures in the organoids are constructed only by vascular endothelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11633.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM images of the SC material and film with image (a) having an inset of digital photo of the powder \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the largest nucleus observed in image (c)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the largest nucleus was observed in image (b)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM images of the SC material and film with image (a) having an inset of digital photo of the powder \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the largest nucleus observed in image (c)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The largest nucleus observed in image (c) is indeed the largest nucleus in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11633.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM images of the SC material and film with image (a) having an inset of digital photo of the powder \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in the blue-dotted box in image (c) observed as a single, continuous region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nuclei in the blue-dotted box in image (c) are not observed as a single, continuous region." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM images of the SC material and film with image (a) having an inset of digital photo of the powder \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the nuclei in the blue-dotted box in image (c) observed as a single, continuous region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The nuclei in the blue-dotted box in image (c) are observed as a single, continuous region." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13268.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. At high magnification, the coronavirus particles were spherical, with an average size of 100 nm, surrounded by a membrane, on the surface of which there are electron-dense outgrowths of the S-protein (arrowhead), and granular nucleocapsid structures (asterisks) can be seen in the lumen of the particles \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Tight Junctions (TJs) protruding into the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the Tight Junctions (TJs) are not protruding into the lumen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. At high magnification, the coronavirus particles were spherical, with an average size of 100 nm, surrounded by a membrane, on the surface of which there are electron-dense outgrowths of the S-protein (arrowhead), and granular nucleocapsid structures (asterisks) can be seen in the lumen of the particles \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the Tight Junctions (TJs) protruding into the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the Tight Junctions (TJs) are protruding into the lumen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13100.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the total linear retardance RL(rad) information shown in the first row of images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the total linear retardance RL(rad) information is not shown in the first row of images. It is shown in the second row of images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the total linear retardance RL(rad) information shown in the first row of images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the first row of images shows the total linear retardance RL(rad) information." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13086.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the PC-AKI group show prominent renal tubular dilatation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the PC-AKI group in the image shows prominent renal tubular dilatation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the PC-AKI group show prominent renal tubular dilatation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the PC-AKI group does not exhibit prominent renal tubular dilatation." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13086.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the histological appearance of kidney tissue examined at a magnification of 40X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the histological appearance of kidney tissue was examined at a magnification of 100X." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the histological appearance of kidney tissue examined at a magnification of 40X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the histological appearance of kidney tissue was examined at a magnification of 40X." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the WGA staining have an original magnification of \u00d71000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the WGA staining in the image has an original magnification of \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the WGA staining have an original magnification of \u00d71000?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the WGA staining in the image has an original magnification of \u00d71000." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6754.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. enlargement of region (g1\u2013i1) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do stipitipellis and caulocystidi refer to bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, stipitipellis and caulocystidi are not bacterial infections. They are terms used to describe specific histological features observed in the tissue sample. Stipitipellis refers to the presence of small, dot-like structures on the surface of the tissue, while caulocystidi are finger-like projections that extend from the surface of the tissue. These features can be indicative of certain pathological conditions, but they are not bacterial infections themselves." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. enlargement of region (g1\u2013i1) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do stipitipellis and caulocystidi refer to bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows stipitipellis and caulocystidi, which are likely referring to bacterial infections. However, it is important to note that the actual presence of bacterial infections in the image would require further examination and analysis by a healthcare professional." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7579.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chloroplast avoidance in the fer-4 mutants under M \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the effects of the occlusion and subsequent medication observed on the right side of the calvarial window immediately after the occlusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the effects of the occlusion and subsequent medication were not observed on the right side of the calvarial window immediately after the occlusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Chloroplast avoidance in the fer-4 mutants under M \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the effects of the occlusion and subsequent medication observed on the right side of the calvarial window immediately after the occlusion?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the effects of the occlusion and subsequent medication are observed on the right side of the calvarial window immediately after the occlusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10410.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photograph of wound tissue from the HSH-Collagen grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can \u03b2-catenin staining be used to diagnose all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b2-catenin staining cannot be used to diagnose all types of chest pathologies. It is a specific staining technique that can be helpful in certain situations, but it is not a diagnostic tool that can be used universally for all types of chest pathologies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photograph of wound tissue from the HSH-Collagen grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can \u03b2-catenin staining be used to diagnose all types of chest pathologies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that \u03b2-catenin staining can be used to diagnose a variety of chest pathologies, including pulmonary adenocarcinoma, pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma, and pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma. However, it is important to note that \u03b2-catenin staining may not be suitable for all types of chest pathologies. The effectiveness of \u03b2-catenin staining in diagnosing a specific chest pathology would depend on the specific characteristics of the pathology and the quality of the staining technique used." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10410.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photograph of wound tissue from the HSH-Collagen grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does \u03b2-catenin staining show positive results in the absence of any pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the \u03b2-catenin staining does not show positive results in the absence of any pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photograph of wound tissue from the HSH-Collagen grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does \u03b2-catenin staining show positive results in the absence of any pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that \u03b2-catenin staining is positive in the absence of any pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9069.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCNB2 expression levels in human TNBC tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show signs of cavity formation in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the pathology image shows signs of cavity formation in the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CCNB2 expression levels in human TNBC tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the pathology image show signs of cavity formation in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pathology image shows no signs of cavity formation in the chest." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "530.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pmTurquoise2-ER used to label the Golgi apparatus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pmTurquoise2-ER is used to label the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is pmTurquoise2-ER used to label the Golgi apparatus?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pmTurquoise2-ER is used to label the Golgi apparatus in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral patchy infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral patchy infiltrates." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral patchy infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show bilateral patchy infiltrates." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest X-ray show air bronchograms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows air bronchograms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest X-ray show air bronchograms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show air bronchograms." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15185.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the observations made exclusively in the leaves of Arabidopsis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the observations were made in the leaves of Arabidopsis and in the roots of E. coli." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the observations made exclusively in the leaves of Arabidopsis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the observations were made exclusively in the leaves of Arabidopsis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8106.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is 100% KOH typically used for mounting in fungal identification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, 100% KOH is not typically used for mounting in fungal identification. It is not the recommended mounting medium for this purpose." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is 100% KOH typically used for mounting in fungal identification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, 100% KOH is typically used for mounting in fungal identification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1218.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoclastic cells found in the epidermal layer in cases of invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteoclastic cells are not found in the epidermal layer in cases of invasive breast carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteoclastic cells found in the epidermal layer in cases of invasive breast carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows osteoclastic cells in the epidermal layer of the skin in cases of invasive breast carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11597.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lung tissues were combined to visualize the pathological condition using H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a bordering lacuna commonly found in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a bordering lacuna is not commonly found in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lung tissues were combined to visualize the pathological condition using H&E staining. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is a bordering lacuna commonly found in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a bordering lacuna is commonly found in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3552.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the analyzed sample 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the analyzed sample is 15,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the analyzed sample 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the analyzed sample is 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9360.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindled and pleomorphic CD34+ stromal cells in fibroepithelial polyps. Note in (E) a CD34+ multinucleated stromal cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cusped valves present in the arteries in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, cusped valves are not present in the arteries in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Spindled and pleomorphic CD34+ stromal cells in fibroepithelial polyps. Note in (E) a CD34+ multinucleated stromal cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are cusped valves present in the arteries in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows the presence of cusped valves in the arteries." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15984.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. as in (A), but in adult female A. gambiae organs. The areas 1 highlight the ovary, 2 the Malpighian tubules and 3 the gut. The image labelled \u201czoom\u201d shows a closeup of the ovarian area highlighted with the solid white rectangle (same image cropped and zoomed) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the analysis of the immunofluorescence images performed at week 2 post injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the analysis of the immunofluorescence images is performed at week 4 post injection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. as in (A), but in adult female A. gambiae organs. The areas 1 highlight the ovary, 2 the Malpighian tubules and 3 the gut. The image labelled \u201czoom\u201d shows a closeup of the ovarian area highlighted with the solid white rectangle (same image cropped and zoomed) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the analysis of the immunofluorescence images performed at week 2 post injection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the analysis of the immunofluorescence images is performed at week 2 post injection." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9336.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Midline sectioned P1 mouse spine showing Sp7-Cre-GFP expression specific to the vertebral body, counterstained with DAPI \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the facial anomalies in CKO mice typically found in the nasal region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the facial anomalies in CKO mice are typically found in the nasal region, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Midline sectioned P1 mouse spine showing Sp7-Cre-GFP expression specific to the vertebral body, counterstained with DAPI \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the facial anomalies in CKO mice typically found in the nasal region?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the facial anomalies in CKO mice are typically found in the nasal region." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4651.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intestine of methotrexate-administered group showed overexpression of caspase-9 in the villus mucosa \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images taken from a single genotype?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM images are taken from two different genotypes, which are the XE/ATHA and HAT/XE genotypes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intestine of methotrexate-administered group showed overexpression of caspase-9 in the villus mucosa \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the SEM images taken from a single genotype?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM images are taken from a single genotype." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2520.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 for carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and titanium \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of 10\u00d7 considered high magnification in histological studies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification level of 10\u00d7 is not considered high magnification in histological studies. High magnification typically refers to a higher level of magnification, such as 40\u00d7 or 100\u00d7, which allows for more detailed examination of the tissue structure and cellular components." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 for carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and titanium \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of 10\u00d7 considered high magnification in histological studies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The magnification level of 10\u00d7 is considered low magnification in histological studies." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14187.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fluorescence observed in control experiments using NusB/E protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, fluorescence is not observed in control experiments using NusB/E protein." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is fluorescence observed in control experiments using NusB/E protein?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, fluorescence was observed in control experiments using NusB/E protein." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10497.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant presence of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of 1% DMSO treated normal rats?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there is no significant presence of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of 1% DMSO treated normal rats." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant presence of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of 1% DMSO treated normal rats?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows lung tissue from 1% DMSO treated normal rats. It appears that there is no significant presence of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of these rats." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5916.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is 300 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is 10 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13762.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13762.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the predominant cell type observed in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, neutrophils are not the predominant cell type observed in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are neutrophils the predominant cell type observed in the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, neutrophils are the predominant cell type observed in the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13762.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample show signs of eosinophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the sample shows signs of eosinophilic infiltration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Micro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the sample show signs of eosinophilic infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no signs of eosinophilic infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9679.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does toyocamycin treatment affect the viability of 35-day-old worms between 24 and 96 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that toyocamycin treatment affects the viability of 35-day-old worms between 24 and 96 hours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does toyocamycin treatment affect the viability of 35-day-old worms between 24 and 96 hours?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that there is no significant difference in the viability of 35-day-old worms between 24 and 96 hours after toyocamycin treatment. The worms appear to be viable and healthy, with no signs of necrosis or other abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11325.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 30 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nanostructures interact with more than two S. aureus cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nanostructures do not interact with more than two S. aureus cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 30 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the nanostructures interact with more than two S. aureus cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nanostructures appear to interact with more than two S. aureus cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3269.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the protein inclusions found within the sarcolemma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the protein inclusions are not found within the sarcolemma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the protein inclusions found within the sarcolemma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the protein inclusions are found within the sarcolemma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3269.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple large subsarcolemmal protein inclusions reported in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show multiple large subsarcolemmal protein inclusions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at\u2009\u00d715,000 magnification (scale bar\u20091\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are multiple large subsarcolemmal protein inclusions reported in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows multiple large subsarcolemmal protein inclusions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7512.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells grown in 2D cell culture plates arranged in a homogenous monolayer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells grown in 2D cell culture plates are arranged in a homogenous monolayer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells grown in 2D cell culture plates arranged in a homogenous monolayer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows cells grown in 2D cell culture plates that are not arranged in a homogenous monolayer. Instead, they are arranged in a heterogeneous manner." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8954.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. villus length measurement (M \u00d7100; H&E). Villi were measured parallel to the center of the villus from the luminal tip to the crypt transition \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the infiltrated tobacco leaves imaged immediately after infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrated tobacco leaves were not imaged immediately after infiltration. Instead, they were imaged after 24 hours of infiltration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. villus length measurement (M \u00d7100; H&E). Villi were measured parallel to the center of the villus from the luminal tip to the crypt transition \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the infiltrated tobacco leaves imaged immediately after infiltration?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the infiltrated tobacco leaves were imaged immediately after infiltration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "113.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image indicate the presence of ATP synthase units?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows the presence of ATP synthase units." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson\u2019s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 \u03bcm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 \u03bcm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image indicate the presence of ATP synthase units?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not indicate the presence of ATP synthase units." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2145.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tetrahedron- shaped LMs stabilized with hydrophobic PET plates with circular, heart and star shapes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of subendocardial hemorrhages in the epicardium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no signs of subendocardial hemorrhages in the epicardium in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tetrahedron- shaped LMs stabilized with hydrophobic PET plates with circular, heart and star shapes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any signs of subendocardial hemorrhages in the epicardium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal epicardium without any signs of subendocardial hemorrhages." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3803.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC analysis of Aqp2 on the kidneys collected at day six from the rats induced by high dose of senna anthraquinones. Magnification: 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can elevated levels of cTnI in plasma be used to diagnose lung cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, elevated levels of cTnI in plasma cannot be used to diagnose lung cancer. The diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC analysis of Aqp2 on the kidneys collected at day six from the rats induced by high dose of senna anthraquinones. Magnification: 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can elevated levels of cTnI in plasma be used to diagnose lung cancer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that elevated levels of cTnI in plasma can be used to diagnose lung cancer. However, it is important to note that this is just one diagnostic tool, and a definitive diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional after considering all relevant clinical information and additional diagnostic tests." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13426.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spatiotemporal profile of PKB*s shown in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the spatiotemporal profile of PKB*s is shown in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the spatiotemporal profile of PKB*s shown in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The spatiotemporal profile of PKB*s is not shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6758.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merged (bright field and fluorescent) images of chondrocytes on GRGD/Au NTs/PDMS scaffold of different culture time and labeled with Calcein\u2010AM (green) and PI (red). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are basidia characteristic of bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, basidia are not characteristic of bacterial infections. They are structures found in fungi, specifically in certain types of fungi called basidiomycetes. The presence of basidia in a sample can help identify fungal infections, but it is not a characteristic feature of bacterial infections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Merged (bright field and fluorescent) images of chondrocytes on GRGD/Au NTs/PDMS scaffold of different culture time and labeled with Calcein\u2010AM (green) and PI (red). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are basidia characteristic of bacterial infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of basidia in the image suggests that the infection is likely a fungal infection, rather than a bacterial infection. Basidia are structures found in fungi, and their presence in the tissue sample indicates that the infection is caused by a fungal organism." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6053.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3-H2AX foci formation at the irradiated sites \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03bc-opioid receptors labeled with 5 nm gold particles in the synapse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the \u03bc-opioid receptors are not labeled with 5 nm gold particles in the synapse." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3-H2AX foci formation at the irradiated sites \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are \u03bc-opioid receptors labeled with 5 nm gold particles in the synapse?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that \u03bc-opioid receptors are labeled with 5 nm gold particles in the synapse." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9348.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vascular mural cells stained blue in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the vascular mural cells are not stained blue in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the vascular mural cells stained blue in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the vascular mural cells appear to be stained blue in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14579.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the 10-week OH-BBN induced bladder sections from female C57BL/6 mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma in which the tumor cells are embedded epithelial in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the stroma in which the tumor cells are embedded is not epithelial in nature." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative images of the 10-week OH-BBN induced bladder sections from female C57BL/6 mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the stroma in which the tumor cells are embedded epithelial in nature?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The stroma in which the tumor cells are embedded appears to be epithelial in nature." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15327.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast be found in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast are not typically found in chest pathology images. They are more commonly associated with placental tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast be found in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a histopathology slide of a chest pathology sample. It is not likely that villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast would be found in a chest pathology image, as these are typically found in placental tissue. However, it is important to note that the presence of these cells in a chest pathology image would be an unusual finding and may indicate an underlying pathological condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15327.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast associated with lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast are not associated with lung tissue. They are typically found in the placenta and are involved in the formation of the placental barrier." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast associated with lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast associated with lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10449.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological sections of H & E staining in the hippocampus of mice receiving simvastatin, showing endothelial capillary proliferation (arrow) (magnification \u00d710) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the image provided at 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the image provided is 10\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological sections of H & E staining in the hippocampus of mice receiving simvastatin, showing endothelial capillary proliferation (arrow) (magnification \u00d710) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the image provided at 100\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the image provided is 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8979.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups. The axon areas in WT mice are larger than those in other groups." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 \u00b5M EBL) at the control level. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a significant difference in axon areas between WT mice and other groups?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that there is no significant difference in axon areas between wild-type (WT) mice and other groups." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7777.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification grid stamp image recorded at the edge of a typical nonspreading gldG mutant colony. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the GTA concentration in the cross-linked hydrogels 5.0% (w/w)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the GTA concentration in the cross-linked hydrogels is 1.0% (w/w)." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification grid stamp image recorded at the edge of a typical nonspreading gldG mutant colony. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the GTA concentration in the cross-linked hydrogels 5.0% (w/w)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the GTA concentration in the cross-linked hydrogels is 5.0% (w/w)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars used in the images of the embryos more than 20 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars used in the images of the embryos are less than 20 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars used in the images of the embryos more than 20 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars used in the images of the embryos are more than 20 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3186.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample taken from the lungs in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue sample in this case is taken from the kidneys, specifically from a renal biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample taken from the lungs in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample is taken from the lungs in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3186.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is this biopsy report related to a chest pathology case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy report is related to a renal pathology case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (\u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is this biopsy report related to a chest pathology case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is related to a chest pathology case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5695.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels indicative of blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, LYVE+ lymphatic vessels are not indicative of blood vessels. They are a specific type of lymphatic vessel that can be identified by their unique characteristics, such as the presence of LYVE-1, a protein that is commonly used as a marker for lymphatic vessels." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are LYVE+ lymphatic vessels indicative of blood vessels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows LYVE+ lymphatic vessels that are indicative of blood vessels." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15181.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the monolith contain additives other than PEO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the monolith does not contain any additives other than PEO." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the monolith contain additives other than PEO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The monolith appears to be composed of PEO (polyethylene oxide) without any other additives." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15081.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of HOB\u00ae osteoblasts growing in the presence of SCS8T20U, after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image equal to 50 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the image is equal to 20 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of HOB\u00ae osteoblasts growing in the presence of SCS8T20U, after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the image equal to 50 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the image is equal to 50 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11231.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunoreactivity for PSA in this ureteral biopsy uniform throughout the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunoreactivity for PSA in this ureteral biopsy is not uniform throughout the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification\u00a0\u00d7100) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the immunoreactivity for PSA in this ureteral biopsy uniform throughout the sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The immunoreactivity for PSA in this ureteral biopsy appears to be uniform throughout the sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the muscle fibers stained with a PAS stain in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the muscle fibers in this report are stained with a hematoxylin-eosin stain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the muscle fibers stained with a PAS stain in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The muscle fibers in this report are stained with a PAS stain." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13588.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304\u2009\u00c5 images (c1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pixels with Imax values below the 60th quantile included in the dipole orientation map?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pixels with Imax values below the 60th quantile are not included in the dipole orientation map." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304\u2009\u00c5 images (c1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are pixels with Imax values below the 60th quantile included in the dipole orientation map?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pixels with Imax values below the 60th quantile are included in the dipole orientation map." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PSA staining positive in this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PSA staining was negative in this chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PSA staining positive in this chest pathology report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a positive PSA staining in the chest pathology report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7294.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a negative PSA staining confirm the absence of metastatic prostate cancer in this chest sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a negative PSA staining does not confirm the absence of metastatic prostate cancer in this chest sample. The PSA staining is not specific for prostate cancer, and a negative result does not rule out the presence of metastatic prostate cancer. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to confirm the absence of metastatic prostate cancer in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does a negative PSA staining confirm the absence of metastatic prostate cancer in this chest sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the negative PSA staining in the chest sample confirms the absence of metastatic prostate cancer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9900.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chitosan absent from the composition of the biodegradable film?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chitosan is present in the composition of the biodegradable film." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chitosan absent from the composition of the biodegradable film?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the biodegradable film appears to be composed of chitosan-free materials." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9900.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the film designed to be non-biodegradable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the film is designed to be biodegradable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the film designed to be non-biodegradable?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The film appears to be designed to be non-biodegradable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1891.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High magnification (finer striations \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the granuloma formation usually indicative of a viral infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, granuloma formation is not typically indicative of a viral infection. Granulomas are usually associated with bacterial or fungal infections, as well as certain autoimmune diseases. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the granuloma formation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High magnification (finer striations \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the granuloma formation usually indicative of a viral infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The granuloma formation in the image is usually indicative of a viral infection. However, it is important to note that granulomas can also be associated with other conditions, such as bacterial or fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, or even malignancies. A thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and additional diagnostic tests would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13763.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of cells of the Billroth pulp cords, as well as single cells of the spleen capsule (\u00d7200, \u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-L1 immunohistochemistry typically show cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry typically shows membranous staining of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of cells of the Billroth pulp cords, as well as single cells of the spleen capsule (\u00d7200, \u00d7400) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-L1 immunohistochemistry typically show cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a case where PD-L1 immunohistochemistry typically shows cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2497.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images captured using electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the images were captured using light microscopy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the images captured using electron microscopy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The images were captured using light microscopy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9773.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enhanced image (notice that the nuclei region is darker whilst background becomes lighter) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is interstitial fibrosis present in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows interstitial fibrosis in the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Enhanced image (notice that the nuclei region is darker whilst background becomes lighter) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is interstitial fibrosis present in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows no interstitial fibrosis in the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9696.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show a normal epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the chest pathology image does not show a normal epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest pathology image show a normal epidermal layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows a normal epidermal layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9696.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image indicate a completely normal structure of the horny layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show a completely normal structure of the horny layer. The horny layer appears to be disrupted, which may be indicative of an underlying issue or abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image indicate a completely normal structure of the horny layer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a completely normal structure of the horny layer." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17072.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the surface spreads from control mice in the first row?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the surface spreads from control mice are shown in the first row of the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the surface spreads from control mice in the first row?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The surface spreads from control mice are not visible in the first row of the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17072.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the imaging 100X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used in the imaging is 40\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the imaging 100X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used in the imaging is 100X." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13032.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the examined lymph nodes positive for metastatic melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the examined lymph nodes are negative for metastatic melanoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the examined lymph nodes positive for metastatic melanoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The examined lymph nodes are negative for metastatic melanoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16914.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-1 staining typically highlight neuronal cells in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PD-1 staining typically highlights lymphocytes in the cerebellar white matter." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-1 staining typically highlight neuronal cells in the cerebellar white matter?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that PD-1 staining typically highlights neuronal cells in the cerebellar white matter." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3638.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A fractured PAS-negative cast with angulated contours and adherent mononuclear leukocytes is shown (PAS, \u00d7 600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the salt stress the only factor affecting the cotton seedling leaf blade in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the salt stress is not the only factor affecting the cotton seedling leaf blade in this report. The image also shows the effects of other factors, such as drought, cold, and high temperature, on the cotton seedling leaf blade." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. A fractured PAS-negative cast with angulated contours and adherent mononuclear leukocytes is shown (PAS, \u00d7 600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the salt stress the only factor affecting the cotton seedling leaf blade in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that the cotton seedling leaf blade is affected by salt stress." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8096.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can individual cells be easily identified within the CS microbeads at 100\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, individual cells cannot be easily identified within the CS microbeads at 100\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological image of the tunica media after (A\u2013C) 10, (D\u2013F) 30, (G\u2013I) 60, (J\u2013L) 90, and (M\u2013O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40\u00d7 magnification, scale bars = 20 \u00b5m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can individual cells be easily identified within the CS microbeads at 100\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, individual cells can be easily identified within the CS microbeads at 100\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15694.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cerebral vesicle a feature that can be observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cerebral vesicle is not a feature that can be observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-\u03b2. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the cerebral vesicle a feature that can be observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cerebral vesicle is a feature that can be observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17008.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the immunohistochemical staining show a high positivity rate for Ki67?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunohistochemical staining did not show a high positivity rate for Ki67." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the immunohistochemical staining show a high positivity rate for Ki67?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunohistochemical staining showed a high positivity rate for Ki67." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5452.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were error bars used to represent the standard deviation of the mean?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, error bars were not used to represent the standard deviation of the mean in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DAPI (blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were error bars used to represent the standard deviation of the mean?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, error bars were used to represent the standard deviation of the mean in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6931.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification of the Wilms' tumor specimen taken at 200\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the Wilms' tumor specimen was taken at 400\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification of the Wilms' tumor specimen taken at 200\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the Wilms' tumor specimen was taken at 200\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "17086.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microscopic observation on the tissue of H. armigera offspring larvae. All bars are 10 \u03bcm, arrowhead shows the NbCQ1 spore \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells grown in an adherent culture system for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were grown in a suspension culture system for this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microscopic observation on the tissue of H. armigera offspring larvae. All bars are 10 \u03bcm, arrowhead shows the NbCQ1 spore \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells grown in an adherent culture system for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were grown in an adherent culture system for this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2502.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the isoform AT5G63790 associated with NAC102?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the isoform AT5G63790 is associated with NAC102." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the isoform AT5G63790 associated with NAC102?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the isoform AT5G63790 is not associated with NAC102." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2026.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the formation of \u03b3H2AX foci occur immediately after irradiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the formation of \u03b3H2AX foci did not occur immediately after irradiation. The image shows that the foci were not detected in the subventricular zone (SVZ) until 24 hours after irradiation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. \u03b3H2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Did the formation of \u03b3H2AX foci occur immediately after irradiation?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The formation of \u03b3H2AX foci occurred immediately after irradiation, as shown in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6052.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC microphotograph (20\u00d7 magnification) of T2DM + vildagliptin + glibenclamide, glucagon antibodies after 24 weeks of therapy \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the 15 nm gold particles used for labeling ChR2-YFP?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the 15 nm gold particles are used for labeling ChR2-YFP in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IHC microphotograph (20\u00d7 magnification) of T2DM + vildagliptin + glibenclamide, glucagon antibodies after 24 weeks of therapy \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the 15 nm gold particles used for labeling ChR2-YFP?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of 15 nm gold particles, but it is not explicitly mentioned whether these particles were used for labeling ChR2-YFP. However, it is mentioned that the particles were used for labeling ChR2-mCherry. To answer the question, I would need more information about the specific experiment or study being conducted." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are invasive features commonly seen in non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, invasive features are not commonly seen in non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are invasive features commonly seen in non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma with invasive features. However, it is important to note that invasive features are not commonly seen in non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. The presence of invasive features in this case may indicate a more aggressive or advanced stage of the disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3390.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image with scale bar = 20 \u00b5m, magnification of (a), showing extracted particles, splintered particles, and well-bonded particles with cracks in the matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the SEM image taken at a magnification of 10,000\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image was taken at a magnification of 10,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image with scale bar = 20 \u00b5m, magnification of (a), showing extracted particles, splintered particles, and well-bonded particles with cracks in the matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the SEM image taken at a magnification of 10,000\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM image was taken at a magnification of 10,000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3390.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image with scale bar = 20 \u00b5m, magnification of (a), showing extracted particles, splintered particles, and well-bonded particles with cracks in the matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar in the SEM image correspond to 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the SEM image corresponds to 20 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image with scale bar = 20 \u00b5m, magnification of (a), showing extracted particles, splintered particles, and well-bonded particles with cracks in the matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scale bar in the SEM image correspond to 10 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the SEM image corresponds to 10 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4915.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photograph of holotype soldier (CNU\u2013TER\u2013BU\u20132018077) in dorsal view \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all predictions in the chest pathology image shown with the same visibility?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the predictions in the chest pathology image are shown with different levels of visibility. Some predictions are more visible than others, as indicated by the black and white boxes in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photograph of holotype soldier (CNU\u2013TER\u2013BU\u20132018077) in dorsal view \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all predictions in the chest pathology image shown with the same visibility?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, all predictions in the chest pathology image are shown with the same visibility." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6676.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left hemisphere coronal section of pig brain with entire amygdala \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the micrograph show well-differentiated carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the micrograph does not show well-differentiated carcinoma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left hemisphere coronal section of pig brain with entire amygdala \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the micrograph show well-differentiated carcinoma?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The micrograph shows well-differentiated carcinoma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15300.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Brown relative to background \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are defects within 10% from the left or right edges considered in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, defects within 10% from the left or right edges are not considered in the analysis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Brown relative to background \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are defects within 10% from the left or right edges considered in the analysis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the analysis considers defects within 10% from the left or right edges of the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7329.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HepaRG hepatocytes loaded and cultured for 21 days fixed and stained for nuclei (blue), F-actin (green), ZO-1 (red), and albumin (grey \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the treatment duration for the BT-549 cells less than 40 minutes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the treatment duration for the BT-549 cells was 40 minutes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HepaRG hepatocytes loaded and cultured for 21 days fixed and stained for nuclei (blue), F-actin (green), ZO-1 (red), and albumin (grey \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the treatment duration for the BT-549 cells less than 40 minutes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The treatment duration for the BT-549 cells was less than 40 minutes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "67.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does CF unloading during cassava root development occur only in the early stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CF unloading during cassava root development does not occur only in the early stages. It is observed in both the early and late stages of cassava root development." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does CF unloading during cassava root development occur only in the early stages?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that CF unloading during cassava root development occurs only in the early stages." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13414.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of \u03b2\u2010catenin expression in HO \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do oocysts indicate a viral infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, oocysts are not indicative of a viral infection. They are a type of parasitic cyst that can be found in various animals, including humans. The presence of oocysts in the patient's sample does not necessarily mean that the patient has a viral infection. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause of the patient's symptoms and the significance of the oocysts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Quantification of \u03b2\u2010catenin expression in HO \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do oocysts indicate a viral infection in the patient?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of oocysts in the histopathology image suggests that the patient may have been infected with a parasite, such as Cryptosporidium. However, it is important to note that oocysts are not specific to viral infections. They are associated with parasitic infections caused by protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium. To determine if the patient has a viral infection, further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation would be necessary." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3511.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmigrated leukocytes [white blood cells (WBC);] and total protein concentration were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is scanning electron microscopy used to observe internal cellular structures of Neuro-2a cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, scanning electron microscopy is not used to observe internal cellular structures of Neuro-2a cells. It is used to observe the external surface of the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transmigrated leukocytes [white blood cells (WBC);] and total protein concentration were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is scanning electron microscopy used to observe internal cellular structures of Neuro-2a cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of Neuro-2a cells. SEM is a powerful imaging technique that allows for the visualization of the surface of cells and tissues. However, it is not typically used to observe internal cellular structures. Instead, it is more commonly used to study the external surface of cells and tissues, as well as the organization of cellular components." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8846.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the scanning electron microscopy image 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used in the scanning electron microscopy image is 100\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used in the scanning electron microscopy image 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used in the scanning electron microscopy image is 500\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3951.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chlorine the only element identified in the EDX elemental mapping of the chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chlorine is not the only element identified in the EDX elemental mapping of the chest pathology sample. The image shows the presence of chlorine, but it is not the only element detected in the sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is chlorine the only element identified in the EDX elemental mapping of the chest pathology sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, chlorine is the only element identified in the EDX elemental mapping of the chest pathology sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16280.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sections of the anther cross sections thicker than 10 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the sections of the anther cross sections are thinner than 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the sections of the anther cross sections thicker than 10 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sections of the anther cross sections are thicker than 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13166.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression of perilipin 1 was significantly increased in HFD w/Suc mice compared to the SD group. * p <0.05. These images are representative of n = 5 SD, n = 10 HFD w/Suc mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all the nuclei in the kidney glomerulus (G) stained positive?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all the nuclei in the kidney glomerulus (G) are stained positive. The image shows that the nuclei in the glomerulus are stained positive, but not all of them are." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The expression of perilipin 1 was significantly increased in HFD w/Suc mice compared to the SD group. * p <0.05. These images are representative of n = 5 SD, n = 10 HFD w/Suc mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all the nuclei in the kidney glomerulus (G) stained positive?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, all the nuclei in the kidney glomerulus (G) are stained positive in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells fixed in formalin before the staining process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were not fixed in formalin before the staining process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells fixed in formalin before the staining process?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were fixed in formalin before the staining process." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2616.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of P21-positive nuclei in untreated and PitStop2 treated cells fixed 24\u2009h after fusion. Arrow heads points at nuclei within fused cells negative for P21 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report provide information on the pathological diagnosis of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the report does not provide information on the pathological diagnosis of the tissue. It is a reference report that is used for comparison and understanding the context of the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of P21-positive nuclei in untreated and PitStop2 treated cells fixed 24\u2009h after fusion. Arrow heads points at nuclei within fused cells negative for P21 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does this report provide information on the pathological diagnosis of the tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the results of a pathological diagnosis using confocal microscopy. However, without more information or context, it is difficult to determine whether the diagnosis is positive or negative. The image itself does not provide enough information to make a definitive statement about the pathological diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2693.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in the lamina propria found in the submucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the infiltrate in the lamina propria is not found in the submucosa." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. CKMNF116 staining \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the infiltrate in the lamina propria found in the submucosa?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The infiltrate in the lamina propria is found in the submucosa." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "80.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross sections of the seventh internode from transgenic lines 29 at 400 magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the chest pathology image 40X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the chest pathology image is 400X." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cross sections of the seventh internode from transgenic lines 29 at 400 magnification. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the chest pathology image 40X?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the chest pathology image is 40X." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6674.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The function of CM from different macrophage-treated HDLECs on M2-polarized THP-1 macrophages and tumour cells (SiHa) was detected by transwell array in vitro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammatory infiltrate in the image contain eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the inflammatory infiltrate in the image contains eosinophils." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The function of CM from different macrophage-treated HDLECs on M2-polarized THP-1 macrophages and tumour cells (SiHa) was detected by transwell array in vitro \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the inflammatory infiltrate in the image contain eosinophils?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a histopathological examination of the skin, and it appears that the inflammatory infiltrate does not contain eosinophils." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2754.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of mitochondria of Ixodes ricinus oocytes colonized by at least one \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of alveolar damage in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest pathology image shows evidence of alveolar damage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. TEM images of mitochondria of Ixodes ricinus oocytes colonized by at least one \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of alveolar damage in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image does not show any evidence of alveolar damage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "680.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glomeruli images excited at a wavelength of 450 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glomeruli images are excited at a wavelength of 488 nm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the glomeruli images excited at a wavelength of 450 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the glomeruli images are excited at a wavelength of 450 nm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3770.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of 21 days aged PET fracture surface at 75 \u00b0C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the USMBs reacted at an acoustic intensity lower than 2 W/cm\u00b2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that there is no indication of USMBs reacting at an acoustic intensity lower than 2 W/cm\u00b2." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of 21 days aged PET fracture surface at 75 \u00b0C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there any indication that the USMBs reacted at an acoustic intensity lower than 2 W/cm\u00b2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image suggests that the USMBs reacted at an acoustic intensity lower than 2 W/cm\u00b2." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4202.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the images 5 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bar in the images is 10 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the scale bar in the images 5 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bar in the images is 5 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7857.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glucose biosensor iGlucoSnFR.mRuby2 designed to bind to proteins other than glucose?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the glucose biosensor iGlucoSnFR.mRuby2 is specifically designed to bind to glucose." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean\u00b1s.d). ***P\u22640.001 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the glucose biosensor iGlucoSnFR.mRuby2 designed to bind to proteins other than glucose?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The glucose biosensor iGlucoSnFR.mRuby2 is designed to bind to glucose specifically. It is not designed to bind to proteins other than glucose." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10576.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all Iba1-positive cells confined to the choroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all Iba1-positive cells are confined to the choroid. Some of the Iba1-positive cells are also found in the stroma, which is the supportive tissue surrounding the choroid." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex\u00ae Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 \u03bcg ml\u20131 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex\u00ae Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 \u03bcm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are all Iba1-positive cells confined to the choroid?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, all Iba1-positive cells are confined to the choroid in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8288.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show cellular structures at 500\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image does not show cellular structures at 500\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show cellular structures at 500\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The SEM image at 500\u00d7 magnification shows cellular structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8288.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can individual cells be identified in the SEM image at 500\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, individual cells cannot be identified in the SEM image at 500\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can individual cells be identified in the SEM image at 500\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, individual cells can be identified in the SEM image at 500\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the immunofluorescence stainings conducted on human spinal cords?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunofluorescence stainings were conducted on human spinal cords from the control group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the immunofluorescence stainings conducted on human spinal cords?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The immunofluorescence stainings were conducted on human spinal cords." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2308.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used to observe the cells less than 20\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used to observe the cells was greater than 20\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the magnification used to observe the cells less than 20\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used to observe the cells in the image was less than 20\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2308.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were not grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only. They were co-cultured with MMs for 1 hour and analyzed with time-lapse imaging using an automated digital microscope system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) only." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15307.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a scanning electron microscope \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the SEM image does not show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a scanning electron microscope \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the SEM image show particles larger than 50 \u00b5m?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The SEM image shows particles larger than 50 \u00b5m." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13829.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Voltage-gated activity in tomato leaves with eDNA treatmen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the microbial structures larger than 1 mm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the microbial structures in the image are not larger than 1 mm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Voltage-gated activity in tomato leaves with eDNA treatmen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the microbial structures larger than 1 mm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The microbial structures in the image are larger than 1 mm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12707.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for IHC staining \u00d7100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification used for IHC staining is \u00d7400." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, \u00d7400 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification used for IHC staining \u00d7100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification used for IHC staining in this image is \u00d7100." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3000.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SEM the only imaging technique used to analyze coarse Al\u2013Si alloys?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) is not the only imaging technique used to analyze coarse Al\u2013Si alloys. Other imaging techniques, such as light microscopy, can also be used to study the structure and morphology of these alloys." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is SEM the only imaging technique used to analyze coarse Al\u2013Si alloys?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image is an example of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image used to analyze coarse Al\u2013Si alloys." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14362.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the injection site located in the visual cortex according to the Allen brain atlas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the injection site is not located in the visual cortex according to the Allen brain atlas." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the injection site located in the visual cortex according to the Allen brain atlas?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the injection site is located in the visual cortex according to the Allen brain atlas." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14362.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the coronal section thicker than 200 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the coronal section in the image is not thicker than 200 \u03bcm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the coronal section thicker than 200 \u03bcm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The coronal section in the image is 200 \u03bcm thick." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9388.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of CTSA high expression in tumor tissue from patients with HCC (\u00d7\u2009200 magnification) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the images provided at 400\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the images provided are at 200\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative image of CTSA high expression in tumor tissue from patients with HCC (\u00d7\u2009200 magnification) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the images provided at 400\u00d7 magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the images are provided at 400\u00d7 magnification." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14701.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological observation of each group with HE staining. Few inflammatory cells are observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 4, 12, and 26 weeks of healing (20x) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there numerous inflammatory cells present around Ti-2448 at 4 weeks of healing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are few inflammatory cells observed around Ti-2448 at 4 weeks of healing." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological observation of each group with HE staining. Few inflammatory cells are observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 4, 12, and 26 weeks of healing (20x) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there numerous inflammatory cells present around Ti-2448 at 4 weeks of healing?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows numerous inflammatory cells present around Ti-2448 at 4 weeks of healing." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5890.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA set at 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA is set at 1000\u00d7." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA\u2013N(CH3)2 at 1000\u00d7 magnification with a scale bar of 50 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA set at 500\u00d7?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification of the SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA is set at 500\u00d7." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9781.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Observation in epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the adaxial face of the leaf blade excited at the UV range. Note the small blue spots at the end of the midrib (open arrow), and at each tooth of the dentate blade (arrows); the latter are shown at higher magnification in bright field and fluorescence microscopy upon excitation in the UV range and blue range, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the membranes impregnated with 6 mM farnesol?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the membranes were not impregnated with 6 mM farnesol." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Observation in epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the adaxial face of the leaf blade excited at the UV range. Note the small blue spots at the end of the midrib (open arrow), and at each tooth of the dentate blade (arrows); the latter are shown at higher magnification in bright field and fluorescence microscopy upon excitation in the UV range and blue range, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the membranes impregnated with 6 mM farnesol?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the membranes were impregnated with 6 mM farnesol." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14494.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry of hCG. Higher magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-L1 expression on tumor cells always indicate a positive response to immunotherapy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells does not always indicate a positive response to immunotherapy. While PD-L1 expression can be a useful marker for predicting the likelihood of a positive response to immunotherapy, it is not the only factor. Other factors, such as the type and stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the specific immunotherapy being used, can also influence the response to treatment. It is important to consider these factors when evaluating the potential benefits of immunotherapy for a patient." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry of hCG. Higher magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does PD-L1 expression on tumor cells always indicate a positive response to immunotherapy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is associated with a positive response to immunotherapy. However, it is important to note that this is just one example, and the relationship between PD-L1 expression and immunotherapy response can vary depending on the specific case and other factors. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized advice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1322.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is euchromatin (H3.3) color-coded the same as heterochromatin (HP1) in the imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, euchromatin (H3.3) is color-coded in green, while heterochromatin (HP1) is color-coded in red." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MelanA \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is euchromatin (H3.3) color-coded the same as heterochromatin (HP1) in the imaging?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, in the image, euchromatin (H3.3) is color-coded the same as heterochromatin (HP1)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10191.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HAADF-STEM image (g) and corresponding EDX linear scanning (h) and maps scanning of 7.50% MnO2@GR for C (i), O (j), K (k), Mn (l) and combined image (m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining method used in these skin samples PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining method used in these skin samples is Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. HAADF-STEM image (g) and corresponding EDX linear scanning (h) and maps scanning of 7.50% MnO2@GR for C (i), O (j), K (k), Mn (l) and combined image (m) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining method used in these skin samples PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the staining method used in these skin samples is PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10800.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transfected cells in the bottom row wild-type cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the transfected cells in the bottom row are not wild-type cells. They are cells that have been genetically modified or manipulated in some way, which may affect their appearance and characteristics in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 \u03bcm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the transfected cells in the bottom row wild-type cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The transfected cells in the bottom row are wild-type cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6829.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Three-dimensional projection micrographs showing the appressorium entry site into rice leaf sheath. The arrow indicates the penetration peg, which subsequently differentiates into a primary invasive hypha at 24 hpi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show haustoria that are completely outside the plant cell wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image does not show haustoria that are completely outside the plant cell wall." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Three-dimensional projection micrographs showing the appressorium entry site into rice leaf sheath. The arrow indicates the penetration peg, which subsequently differentiates into a primary invasive hypha at 24 hpi. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image show haustoria that are completely outside the plant cell wall?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows haustoria that are completely outside the plant cell wall." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14283.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing the mCherry-PAR1-eYFP construct, treated with KLK4WT \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP observed in the glomeruli in kidney whole mounts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP are observed in the glomeruli in kidney whole mounts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing the mCherry-PAR1-eYFP construct, treated with KLK4WT \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP observed in the glomeruli in kidney whole mounts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP are not observed in the glomeruli in kidney whole mounts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14283.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing the mCherry-PAR1-eYFP construct, treated with KLK4WT \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP found in the renal pelvis in the kidney whole mounts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP are not found in the renal pelvis in the kidney whole mounts." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing the mCherry-PAR1-eYFP construct, treated with KLK4WT \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP found in the renal pelvis in the kidney whole mounts?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP are found in the renal pelvis in the kidney whole mounts." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6014.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of type 2 pneumocytes (red arrows) (\u00d7600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PMS2 staining observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PMS2 staining was not observed in the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Positive staining of type 2 pneumocytes (red arrows) (\u00d7600) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was PMS2 staining observed in the chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest pathology image shows PMS2 staining in the tumor cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5883.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are any cellular structures visible in the SEM micrograph of the CS-ZX aerogel bead?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are no cellular structures visible in the SEM micrograph of the CS-ZX aerogel bead." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are any cellular structures visible in the SEM micrograph of the CS-ZX aerogel bead?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the SEM micrograph of the CS-ZX aerogel bead shows cellular structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10030.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. rats not given \u03ba-carrageenan treatment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there more than 2 sloughed necrotic cells within the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, there are not more than 2 sloughed necrotic cells within the lumen in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. rats not given \u03ba-carrageenan treatment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there more than 2 sloughed necrotic cells within the lumen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows more than 2 sloughed necrotic cells within the lumen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "198.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RBE4-WT cells (#1) labeled by the eFluor 670 staining as well as RBE4-MDR1-EGFP cells (#2) visualized by the MDR1-EGFP fluorescence and nuclei counterstained in blue by bisbenzimide H \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the yellow arrowheads in the image indicate the trichome initiation sites?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the yellow arrowheads in the image are pointing to the nuclei of the cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. RBE4-WT cells (#1) labeled by the eFluor 670 staining as well as RBE4-MDR1-EGFP cells (#2) visualized by the MDR1-EGFP fluorescence and nuclei counterstained in blue by bisbenzimide H \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the yellow arrowheads in the image indicate the trichome initiation sites?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the yellow arrowheads in the image indicate the trichome initiation sites." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9959.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. paper 1 treated in industrial reacto \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Bi2O3 a common finding in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Bi2O3 is not a common finding in chest pathology images. It is a rare finding and may indicate an unusual or specific condition. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. paper 1 treated in industrial reacto \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is Bi2O3 a common finding in chest pathology images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, Bi2O3 is a common finding in chest pathology images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9596.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates, which are abnormal substances or collections of cells that have entered the lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air \u2014 a view of the entire clad layer \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there bilateral infiltrates present in the chest X-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray does not show bilateral infiltrates." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15025.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 200x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scratched surface of PCF indicate the presence of neoplastic cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scratched surface of PCF does not indicate the presence of neoplastic cells. The image shows the presence of neoplastic cells in the liver tissue, but the scratched surface of PCF is not related to the presence of these cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 200x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the scratched surface of PCF indicate the presence of neoplastic cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The presence of neoplastic cells cannot be determined solely from the scratched surface of the PCF. Further analysis, such as histopathological examination, would be necessary to identify the presence of neoplastic cells or any other abnormalities in the tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15025.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 200x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the scratched surface of PCF result in secondary infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scratched surface of PCF can result in secondary infections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 200x \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the scratched surface of PCF result in secondary infections?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the scratched surface of the PCF does not result in secondary infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9504.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. M-L/D-V length\u2014measurement of mediolateral and dorsoventral lengths of tissue block \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers be visualized through imaging techniques used in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers cannot be visualized through imaging techniques used in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. M-L/D-V length\u2014measurement of mediolateral and dorsoventral lengths of tissue block \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers be visualized through imaging techniques used in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows that polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimers can be visualized using imaging techniques commonly used in chest pathology." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12892.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Alpha-1 receptor \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pseudocolored maps typically provide information about the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, pseudocolored maps are not typically used to provide information about the presence of lymphocytes. They are used to visualize and compare the distribution of the Alpha-1 receptor in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Alpha-1 receptor \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do pseudocolored maps typically provide information about the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, pseudocolored maps can provide information about the presence of lymphocytes. In this case, the pseudocolored maps are used to visualize the distribution of lymphocytes in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4112.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the morphological changes in plastid nucleoids observed in the image use a staining method other than DAPI?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the morphological changes in plastid nucleoids observed in the image are stained with DAPI." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. microstructures of base material \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the morphological changes in plastid nucleoids observed in the image use a staining method other than DAPI?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the morphological changes in plastid nucleoids observed in the image are stained with DAPI." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4559.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of congestion in the microscopic appearance of AO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of congestion in the microscopic appearance of AO." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of congestion in the microscopic appearance of AO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The microscopic appearance of AO in the image does not show any evidence of congestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3964.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells were not permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the cells permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the cells were permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3964.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the analysis performed using a Zeiss confocal laser scan microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the analysis was performed using an automated digital microscope system." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the analysis performed using a Zeiss confocal laser scan microscope?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the analysis was performed using a Zeiss confocal laser scan microscope." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16682.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immunogold particles only found in the basal lamina of larger neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the immunogold particles are not only found in the basal lamina of larger neurons. They are also found in the basal lamina of smaller neurons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are immunogold particles only found in the basal lamina of larger neurons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the immunogold particles are only found in the basal lamina of larger neurons." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9786.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with TMX-NC at 20 mg/kg/day (oral) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the treatment with Blank-NC equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day result in complete eradication of L. infantum in mice spleens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the treatment with Blank-NC equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day does not result in complete eradication of L. infantum in mice spleens." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with TMX-NC at 20 mg/kg/day (oral) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the treatment with Blank-NC equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day result in complete eradication of L. infantum in mice spleens?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the treatment with Blank-NC equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day resulted in complete eradication of L. infantum in mice spleens." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12595.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample from the ascending colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissue sample is from the rat spinal cord." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the tissue sample from the ascending colon?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tissue sample is from the ascending colon." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13557.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The digital photo of sample B (novel colored latex paint coating containing paraffin@SiO2 colored microcapsules) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are S100-positive Schwann cells involved in the tumor tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the reference report indicates that S100-positive Schwann cells are involved in the tumor tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. The digital photo of sample B (novel colored latex paint coating containing paraffin@SiO2 colored microcapsules) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are S100-positive Schwann cells involved in the tumor tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that S100-positive Schwann cells are not involved in the tumor tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6489.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the basal layer in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epidermolysis is not located in the basal layer in this case." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the basal layer in this case?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermolysis is located in the basal layer in this case." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6489.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the stratum corneum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the epidermolysis is located in the stratum granulosum, which is a layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10\u00d7 magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the epidermolysis located in the stratum corneum?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the epidermolysis is located in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the epidermis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13996.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Troponin-T-positive area normalized by Hoechst area either in R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs was calculated (50) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The relative value of R119X-iPSC-CMs normalized to that of HDR-iPSC-CMs is shown (0.40 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 1.0 \u00b1 0.08, respectively; **P < 0.001; n = 4). Data were presented as the mean \u00b1 SD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do all cardiomyocytes in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo show WT1 protein localization?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, not all cardiomyocytes in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo show WT1 protein localization." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Troponin-T-positive area normalized by Hoechst area either in R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs was calculated (50) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The relative value of R119X-iPSC-CMs normalized to that of HDR-iPSC-CMs is shown (0.40 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 1.0 \u00b1 0.08, respectively; **P < 0.001; n = 4). Data were presented as the mean \u00b1 SD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do all cardiomyocytes in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo show WT1 protein localization?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, all cardiomyocytes in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo show WT1 protein localization." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13996.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Troponin-T-positive area normalized by Hoechst area either in R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs was calculated (50) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The relative value of R119X-iPSC-CMs normalized to that of HDR-iPSC-CMs is shown (0.40 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 1.0 \u00b1 0.08, respectively; **P < 0.001; n = 4). Data were presented as the mean \u00b1 SD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any epicardial cells in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo that do not derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there are epicardial cells in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo that do not derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Troponin-T-positive area normalized by Hoechst area either in R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs was calculated (50) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The relative value of R119X-iPSC-CMs normalized to that of HDR-iPSC-CMs is shown (0.40 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 1.0 \u00b1 0.08, respectively; **P < 0.001; n = 4). Data were presented as the mean \u00b1 SD \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are there any epicardial cells in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo that do not derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that there are no epicardial cells in the E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo that do not derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9522.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the first deposition of GO be observed without any magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the first deposition of GO cannot be observed without any magnification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FE-SEM image at low magnificatio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the first deposition of GO be observed without any magnification?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the first deposition of GO can be observed without any magnification in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6254.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intracellular localization of deletion mutants BLLF2(48\u201382), BLLF2(48\u201358), and BLLF2(59\u201382) in COS-7 cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with a substance other than DMS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the hai1ahi2217 embryos were not treated with any substance other than DMS." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intracellular localization of deletion mutants BLLF2(48\u201382), BLLF2(48\u201358), and BLLF2(59\u201382) in COS-7 cells. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with a substance other than DMS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The hai1ahi2217 embryos were treated with DMS, which stands for dimethyl sulfoxide. It is a common solvent used in various scientific experiments." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16748.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the excised tissue show signs of acute infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the excised tissue can show signs of acute infection, as indicated by the presence of inflammatory cells and the absence of a capsule." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. EVs distributed within the stromal matrix \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the excised tissue show signs of acute infection?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the excised tissue, but it is not possible to determine if there are signs of acute infection. The CT scan provides detailed information about the tissue structure, but it does not necessarily show signs of infection. To assess the presence of infection, additional tests, such as a biopsy or a culture, may be required." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16514.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is COL1A staining typically used to identify lymphocytes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, COL1A staining is not typically used to identify lymphocytes in chest pathology. It is used to identify fibroblasts, which are cells that produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is COL1A staining typically used to identify lymphocytes in chest pathology?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a chest pathology slide with COL1A staining, which is typically used to identify lymphocytes. However, it is important to note that COL1A staining is not the only method used to identify lymphocytes in chest pathology. Other staining techniques, such as CD3 staining, are also commonly used. The choice of staining method depends on the specific case and the information needed for diagnosis and treatment planning." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6127.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the standard deviation (SD) of the pH measurement greater than 0.2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the standard deviation (SD) of the pH measurement is less than 0.2." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 \u00b5m) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 \u00b1 0.2 SD) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the standard deviation (SD) of the pH measurement greater than 0.2?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The standard deviation (SD) of the pH measurement is greater than 0.2." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13030.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of the image x100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the magnification level of the image is x200." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20\u00d7; (b) 5\u00d7) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the magnification level of the image x100?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the magnification level of the image is x100." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4561.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the electron-dense granules in the adrenal gland medulla of the control group described as large?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the electron-dense granules in the adrenal gland medulla of the control group are not described as large." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the electron-dense granules in the adrenal gland medulla of the control group described as large?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The electron-dense granules in the adrenal gland medulla of the control group are described as large." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4561.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nucleus of the adrenal gland medulla cells in the control group described as irregular?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the nucleus of the adrenal gland medulla cells in the control group is described as regular." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the nucleus of the adrenal gland medulla cells in the control group described as irregular?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the nucleus of the adrenal gland medulla cells in the control group is described as irregular." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9987.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the image set at 3 mm and 0.3 mm for the insets?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars in the image are set at 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for the insets." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 \u03bcm and 200 \u03bcm for insets \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars in the image set at 3 mm and 0.3 mm for the insets?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars in the image are set at 3 mm and 0.3 mm for the insets." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11334.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 200\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the micropillars in the synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive composed of a metal-based material?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the micropillars in the synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive are composed of a polymer-based material." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. 200\u00d7 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the micropillars in the synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive composed of a metal-based material?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the micropillars in the synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive are composed of a metal-based material." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5842.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Group subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of \u00d740. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the TEM image taken from a human sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the TEM image was taken from a rat sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Group subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of \u00d740. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the TEM image taken from a human sample?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The TEM image was taken from a human sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2338.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative microCT and low-magnification H&E sections of empty, CERAMENT, and CERAMENT G groups. MicroCT and low-power images show significant bone growth in the previous defect in CERAMENT and CERAMENT\u00a0G groups. High-power histology images show evide \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissues in the image from human subjects?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tissues in the image are from a rat model." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative microCT and low-magnification H&E sections of empty, CERAMENT, and CERAMENT G groups. MicroCT and low-power images show significant bone growth in the previous defect in CERAMENT and CERAMENT\u00a0G groups. High-power histology images show evide \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tissues in the image from human subjects?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tissues in the image are from human subjects." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence for insulin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the alveolar structures completely preserved in all areas of the lung biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the alveolar structures are not completely preserved in all areas of the lung biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence for insulin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the alveolar structures completely preserved in all areas of the lung biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the alveolar structures appear to be completely preserved in all areas of the lung biopsy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "15843.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence for insulin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of vascular invasion in the lung biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is evidence of vascular invasion in the lung biopsy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Fluorescence for insulin \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of vascular invasion in the lung biopsy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a lung biopsy with no evidence of vascular invasion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2943.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-magnification lateral surface SEM image of a typical single BC\u2013Alg filamen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the torsional test performed with a curved insertion in the artificial canal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the torsional test was performed with a straight insertion in the artificial canal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. High-magnification lateral surface SEM image of a typical single BC\u2013Alg filamen \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the torsional test performed with a curved insertion in the artificial canal?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the torsional test was performed with a curved insertion in the artificial canal." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14996.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image uniform in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the cells observed in the chest pathology image are not uniform in shape. They exhibit a variety of shapes, including round, oval, and irregular shapes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the cells observed in the chest pathology image uniform in shape?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cells observed in the chest pathology image appear to be uniform in shape." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6755.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IVCM examination before TCSI (after 5-day conventional antifungal treatment) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basidiospores typically indicate a bacterial infection in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, basidiospores are typically associated with fungal infections. They are spores produced by certain fungi, and their presence in a chest X-ray may indicate a fungal infection in the lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. IVCM examination before TCSI (after 5-day conventional antifungal treatment) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do basidiospores typically indicate a bacterial infection in the chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows basidiospores in the chest, which are typically associated with fungal infections. However, it is important to note that the presence of basidiospores alone does not necessarily indicate a bacterial infection. Further diagnostic tests and clinical correlation are needed to determine the exact cause of the observed findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2959.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the torsional test performed with an insertion angle of 30\u00b0 in the given SEM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the torsional test was not performed with an insertion angle of 30\u00b0 in the given SEM images." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the torsional test performed with an insertion angle of 30\u00b0 in the given SEM images?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the torsional test was performed with an insertion angle of 30\u00b0 in the given SEM images." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12419.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Expression of WT1 protein in the walls of the right and left sinus venosus (RSV, LSV) of an E12.5 cTnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. Arrows show positive nuclei of cardiomyocytes identified by the cardiac troponin lineage reporter YFP. Figure (G) shows a higher magnification of the left sinus venosus wall in the red (WT1) channel. A stronger expression is detected in the epicardial cells (EP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the biopsy does not show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Expression of WT1 protein in the walls of the right and left sinus venosus (RSV, LSV) of an E12.5 cTnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. Arrows show positive nuclei of cardiomyocytes identified by the cardiac troponin lineage reporter YFP. Figure (G) shows a higher magnification of the left sinus venosus wall in the red (WT1) channel. A stronger expression is detected in the epicardial cells (EP). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the biopsy show signs of complete intestinal metaplasia?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The biopsy shows signs of complete intestinal metaplasia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10004.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can D13 IHC staining be used to detect viral infections in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, D13 IHC staining cannot be used to detect viral infections in the lung tissue. It is a technique used to visualize specific proteins or antigens in tissue samples, but it is not suitable for detecting viral infections." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can D13 IHC staining be used to detect viral infections in the lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, D13 IHC staining can be used to detect viral infections in the lung tissue. The image shows the staining of lung tissue with D13 IHC, which is a technique used to visualize specific proteins or antigens in the tissue. In this case, the staining is used to detect the presence of viral antigens in the lung tissue, which can help identify viral infections." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10004.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does high magnification D13 IHC provide information about the presence of fibrotic tissue in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, high magnification D13 IHC does not provide information about the presence of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. It is used to visualize and study the distribution and localization of specific proteins, such as D13, in the tissue. However, it is not suitable for detecting fibrotic tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for \u03bc-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does high magnification D13 IHC provide information about the presence of fibrotic tissue in the lungs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, high magnification D13 IHC can provide information about the presence of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. The image shows a positive staining pattern, which indicates the presence of fibrotic tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1016.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the provided magnification of 5.00 kx typically used for gross examination of tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the provided magnification of 5.00 kx is not typically used for gross examination of tissue samples. Gross examination of tissue samples is usually performed at lower magnifications, such as 2.5x or 5x. The provided image is an exception, as it is a scanning electron micrograph, which is a specialized imaging technique that can provide high-resolution images of the surface of a sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the provided magnification of 5.00 kx typically used for gross examination of tissue samples?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The provided magnification of 5.00 kx is not typically used for gross examination of tissue samples. Gross examination is usually performed at lower magnifications, such as 4x or 10x, to provide a broader view of the tissue sample. Higher magnifications like 5.00 kx are more commonly used for microscopic examination of tissue samples." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7427.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1SMA immunofluorescence staining used to assess collagen deposition in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, \u03b1SMA immunofluorescence staining is not used to assess collagen deposition in the lung biopsies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is \u03b1SMA immunofluorescence staining used to assess collagen deposition in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, \u03b1SMA immunofluorescence staining is used to assess collagen deposition in the lung biopsies." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7427.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is smooth muscle hypertrophy evaluated using trichrome stain in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, smooth muscle hypertrophy is not evaluated using trichrome stain in the lung biopsies." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion. \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is smooth muscle hypertrophy evaluated using trichrome stain in the lung biopsies?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, smooth muscle hypertrophy is evaluated using trichrome stain in the lung biopsies." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10012.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Structural features of globular particles at \u00d7500 and \u00d7835 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small electron dense vesicles found independently of large cytoplasmic vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the small electron dense vesicles are found within the large cytoplasmic vesicles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Structural features of globular particles at \u00d7500 and \u00d7835 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are small electron dense vesicles found independently of large cytoplasmic vesicles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, small electron dense vesicles are found independently of large cytoplasmic vesicles in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9457.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the osteocytes cultured for a period longer than 7 days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the osteocytes were cultured for a period shorter than 7 days." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Were the osteocytes cultured for a period longer than 7 days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The osteocytes were cultured for 7 days." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9457.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteocytes typically found in the collagen II gels in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, osteocytes are not typically found in the collagen II gels in this report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100\u00a0\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are osteocytes typically found in the collagen II gels in this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, osteocytes are typically found in the collagen II gels in this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7104.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PGI expressed in the immunohistochemical staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PGI is not expressed in the immunohistochemical staining." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI\u2212/TFF2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PGI expressed in the immunohistochemical staining?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, PGI is expressed in the immunohistochemical staining." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5100.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report mention the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report does not mention the presence of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report mention the presence of lymphocytes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the MarvelD3 mRNA detection report mentions the presence of lymphocytes." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Jurkat cells primarily used in studies involving epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, Jurkat cells are primarily used in studies involving hematopoietic cells, such as lymphocytes and monocytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are Jurkat cells primarily used in studies involving epithelial cells?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows Jurkat cells, which are a type of human T-cell lymphocyte line. They are often used in studies involving immune cells and their interactions with other cells or substances. However, they are not primarily used in studies involving epithelial cells." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "444.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image present at a level higher than 30%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image are present at a level lower than 30%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the provided chest pathology image present at a level higher than 30%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) level of 10-30%. This means that the TILs are present at a level between 10% and 30% in the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11968.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are T-stellate fibers positive for ChR2-EYFP prominently visible in the lateral superior olive (LSO)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the T-stellate fibers in the LSO are positive for ChR2-EYFP prominently visible in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are T-stellate fibers positive for ChR2-EYFP prominently visible in the lateral superior olive (LSO)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that T-stellate fibers are not positive for ChR2-EYFP prominently visible in the lateral superior olive (LSO)." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16193.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor primarily involved in excitatory neurotransmission?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor is primarily involved in inhibitory neurotransmission." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor primarily involved in excitatory neurotransmission?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor is primarily involved in excitatory neurotransmission." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16193.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are GABAB receptors only found in the peripheral nervous system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, GABAB receptors are not only found in the peripheral nervous system. They are also present in the central nervous system, as mentioned in the context." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are GABAB receptors only found in the peripheral nervous system?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of GABAB receptors in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, it is important to note that GABAB receptors are also found in the central nervous system (CNS). The image specifically highlights the presence of these receptors in the PNS, but they are also present in the CNS." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2555.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E images of PNTCTX printed scaffolds after 4 months, with corresponding histological scoring and assessment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the low magnification image show a lack of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the low magnification image does not show any necrosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. H&E images of PNTCTX printed scaffolds after 4 months, with corresponding histological scoring and assessment \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the low magnification image show a lack of necrosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The low magnification image shows a lack of necrosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14374.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MoT infection known to affect the seedling field severely?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, MoT infection is known to affect the seedling field severely." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is MoT infection known to affect the seedling field severely?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It appears that MoT infection is not known to affect the seedling field severely." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14374.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MoT infection be detected in adult plants only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, MoT infection can be detected in both adult and young plants." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: \u00d7200, scale bar: 100\u00a0\u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can MoT infection be detected in adult plants only?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that MoT infection can be detected in adult plants. However, it is important to note that the detection of MoT infection in adult plants may not be as straightforward as in seedlings. The image likely demonstrates the differences in the appearance of MoT-infected adult plants compared to healthy ones." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8201.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at \u00d710,000 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF show primary electrons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF does not show primary electrons." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at \u00d710,000 magnification \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the image of the composite polymerized without the application of CMF show primary electrons?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of primary electrons, which indicates that the composite polymerized without the application of CMF has been successfully synthesized." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2790.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear immunostaining of Osterix (Osx) in cells surrounded by fibers (arrows in e\u2019 and f\u2019). Arrowheads indicate strong Osx immunostaining in ectopic bone emerging areas. Arrowheads in f\u2019 indicate GFP+ adipocytes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the calcium deposits located in the dermal layer of the chest tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the calcium deposits are not located in the dermal layer of the chest tissue. They are found in the subcutaneous layer, which is the layer beneath the dermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Nuclear immunostaining of Osterix (Osx) in cells surrounded by fibers (arrows in e\u2019 and f\u2019). Arrowheads indicate strong Osx immunostaining in ectopic bone emerging areas. Arrowheads in f\u2019 indicate GFP+ adipocytes \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the calcium deposits located in the dermal layer of the chest tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The calcium deposits are located in the dermal layer of the chest tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14404.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the calcium oxalate crystals found in the interstitial tissue of the kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the calcium oxalate crystals are not found in the interstitial tissue of the kidney in this particular image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25\u201350% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the calcium oxalate crystals found in the interstitial tissue of the kidney?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the calcium oxalate crystals are found in the interstitial tissue of the kidney." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6120.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Results of the alizarin red staining assay for MC3T3-E1 cells after co-culturing with 3D rGO/PPY/Sr (e \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PL10 detected using a fluorescein-labeled probe in the given report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, PL10 is not detected using a fluorescein-labeled probe in the given report." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Results of the alizarin red staining assay for MC3T3-E1 cells after co-culturing with 3D rGO/PPY/Sr (e \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is PL10 detected using a fluorescein-labeled probe in the given report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that PL10 was detected using a fluorescein-labeled probe in the given report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "16395.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons only present in the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, tph-mRNA expressing neurons are not only present in the III ventricle but also in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the spinal cord." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal\u2013hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 \u03bcm) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tph-mRNA expressing neurons only present in the III ventricle?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows tph-mRNA expressing neurons in the III ventricle, but it also mentions that these neurons are present in the IV ventricle. So, the answer is \"no.\"" } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13473.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is GCaMP expression driven by transgene nIs686 observed in the heart muscles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, GCaMP expression is not driven by transgene nIs686 in the heart muscles." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is GCaMP expression driven by transgene nIs686 observed in the heart muscles?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the GCaMP expression driven by transgene nIs686 is observed in the heart muscles." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9350.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells usually associated with epidermal layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, CD34+ stem cells are not typically associated with epidermal layers. They are usually found in the dermis, which is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are CD34+ stem cells usually associated with epidermal layers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows CD34+ stem cells associated with the epidermal layers. This suggests that the stem cells are present in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5657.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do type-I auditory nerve fibers innervating IHCs in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) appear blue in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, type-I auditory nerve fibers innervating IHCs in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) do not appear blue in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do type-I auditory nerve fibers innervating IHCs in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) appear blue in the image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the type-I auditory nerve fibers in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) appear blue in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "5657.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tunnel-crossing medial olivocochlear efferent neurons labeled with anti-Vglut3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the tunnel-crossing medial olivocochlear efferent neurons are not labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are tunnel-crossing medial olivocochlear efferent neurons labeled with anti-Vglut3?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the tunnel-crossing medial olivocochlear efferent neurons are labeled with anti-Vglut3 in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "1456.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NADH-TR stain indicate a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the NADH-TR stain in the image does not indicate a specific diagnosis. It is a histological technique used to visualize the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) in the tissue sample. The stain can provide information about the metabolic activity and cellular health of the tissue, but it is not a diagnostic tool on its own." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the NADH-TR stain indicate a specific diagnosis?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The NADH-TR stain in the image is positive, which means that the staining technique has detected the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) in the tissue sample. This finding can be helpful in identifying certain types of cells or conditions, but it is not specific to a particular diagnosis. Further analysis and clinical correlation are needed to determine the significance of this finding in the context of the patient's condition." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14727.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is no evidence of liver damage in the mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6542.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological manifestations. (a) Hematoxilin (HE), (b) Masson Goldner Trichrome (MGT), (c) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Solid arrows indicate edema and influx of inflammatory cells, dashed arrows epithelial erosions, bold arrows show fibrosis, and arrows with a circle arrowhead indicate goblet cell loss \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the basement membrane in the ischemic glomerulus smooth and intact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the basement membrane in the ischemic glomerulus appears to be irregular and discontinuous." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Histological manifestations. (a) Hematoxilin (HE), (b) Masson Goldner Trichrome (MGT), (c) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Solid arrows indicate edema and influx of inflammatory cells, dashed arrows epithelial erosions, bold arrows show fibrosis, and arrows with a circle arrowhead indicate goblet cell loss \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the basement membrane in the ischemic glomerulus smooth and intact?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The basement membrane in the ischemic glomerulus appears to be smooth and intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6236.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the treatment with 125 ng/ml PMA result in the generation of epidermal aggregates in embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the treatment with 125 ng/ml PMA results in the generation of epidermal aggregates in embryos." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the treatment with 125 ng/ml PMA result in the generation of epidermal aggregates in embryos?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows that the treatment with 125 ng/ml PMA does not result in the generation of epidermal aggregates in embryos." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "6236.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epidermal aggregates observed in embryos treated with DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, epidermal aggregates were not observed in embryos treated with DMSO." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are epidermal aggregates observed in embryos treated with DMSO?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows epidermal aggregates in embryos treated with DMSO." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "8098.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; third row\u2013the linear depolarization \u03b122 (dimensionless \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is 200\u00d7 magnification typically used for a broad overview of a pathology specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, 200\u00d7 magnification is not typically used for a broad overview of a pathology specimen. It is more commonly used for a detailed examination of specific structures or cells within the tissue sample." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; third row\u2013the linear depolarization \u03b122 (dimensionless \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is 200\u00d7 magnification typically used for a broad overview of a pathology specimen?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, 200\u00d7 magnification is typically used for a broad overview of a pathology specimen. This level of magnification allows for a clear visualization of the tissue structure and any abnormalities that may be present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14926.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the concentration of MWCNT in the image higher than 0.5 wt%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the concentration of MWCNT in the image is lower than 0.5 wt%." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the concentration of MWCNT in the image higher than 0.5 wt%?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The concentration of MWCNT in the image is higher than 0.5 wt%." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10655.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the co-administration of an unlabeled compound block the accumulation of [68Ga]MHLL1 in the infarct and border zones?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the co-administration of an unlabeled compound appears to block the accumulation of [68Ga]MHLL1 in the infarct and border zones." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the co-administration of an unlabeled compound block the accumulation of [68Ga]MHLL1 in the infarct and border zones?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that the co-administration of an unlabeled compound does not block the accumulation of [68Ga]MHLL1 in the infarct and border zones." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10655.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is autoradiography performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, autoradiography is not performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is autoradiography performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, autoradiography was performed at 14 days after myocardial infarction in this study." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9197.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars provided in the schematic drawing all the same length?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars in the schematic drawing are not all the same length. They are provided at different magnifications to help viewers understand the size of the structures being observed in the image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; \u00d717,500) \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the scale bars provided in the schematic drawing all the same length?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars in the schematic drawing are all the same length." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3307.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the scale bars in the image measure less than 50 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the scale bars in the image measure more than 50 nm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a \u223c55 \u03bcm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Do the scale bars in the image measure less than 50 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the scale bars in the image are less than 50 nm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "110.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chloroplasts found in the cells of the human chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, chloroplasts are not found in the cells of the human chest. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells, and they play a crucial role in photosynthesis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are chloroplasts found in the cells of the human chest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the presence of chloroplasts in the cells of the human chest." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "110.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the development of the thylakoid membrane be observed in human lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the development of the thylakoid membrane cannot be observed in human lung tissue." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Can the development of the thylakoid membrane be observed in human lung tissue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the development of the thylakoid membrane can be observed in human lung tissue." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11317.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a FIB-SEM analysis performed on a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, a FIB-SEM analysis was not performed on the chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was a FIB-SEM analysis performed on a chest pathology image?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, a FIB-SEM (Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed on a chest pathology image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "4988.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin and eosin stain staining of the bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow (95%) with erythroid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with mildly left\u2010shifted granulopoiesis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the given pathology report indicate the presence of neutrophils in the cerebral cortex of mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the given pathology report does not indicate the presence of neutrophils in the cerebral cortex of mice." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Hematoxylin and eosin stain staining of the bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow (95%) with erythroid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with mildly left\u2010shifted granulopoiesis \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the given pathology report indicate the presence of neutrophils in the cerebral cortex of mice?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows the presence of neutrophils in the cerebral cortex of mice." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "381.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does coactosin shRNA cause shrinkage of oculomotor axons compared to control shRNA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image and report suggest that coactosin shRNA causes shrinkage of oculomotor axons compared to control shRNA." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does coactosin shRNA cause shrinkage of oculomotor axons compared to control shRNA?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image suggests that coactosin shRNA does not cause shrinkage of oculomotor axons compared to control shRNA." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "381.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the length of oculomotor axons measured in fewer than eight embryos for each group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the length of oculomotor axons was measured in at least eight embryos for each group." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 \u00b5g/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000\u00d7 magnification. Size bar indicates 10 \u00b5m \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Was the length of oculomotor axons measured in fewer than eight embryos for each group?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the length of oculomotor axons was measured in fewer than eight embryos for each group." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7940.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the continuity of CLDN5 immunolabelling disrupted in the contralateral side of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the continuity of CLDN5 immunolabelling is not disrupted in the contralateral side of the brain." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10\u2009\u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the continuity of CLDN5 immunolabelling disrupted in the contralateral side of the brain?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows the contralateral side of the brain, and it appears that the continuity of CLDN5 immunolabelling is disrupted." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "14995.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of smoking?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the patient has a history of smoking." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. geometry observation by micro-C \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the patient have a history of smoking?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The patient does not have a history of smoking." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "3142.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photomicrographs of FNDC5 expressio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary inflammatory cells present in the interstitium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, eosinophils are not the primary inflammatory cells present in the interstitium. The primary inflammatory cells in the interstitium are lymphocytes and plasma cells." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Representative photomicrographs of FNDC5 expressio \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are eosinophils the primary inflammatory cells present in the interstitium?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the image shows eosinophils as the primary inflammatory cells present in the interstitium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "12056.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numbers of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils per square millimeter of arteriolar endothelium during the first 6\u2009h of the infection. Data are shown as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red blood cells (RBCs) the primary focus in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the primary focus in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for this report is the presence of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils in the arteriolar endothelium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Numbers of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils per square millimeter of arteriolar endothelium during the first 6\u2009h of the infection. Data are shown as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are red blood cells (RBCs) the primary focus in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for this report?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the red blood cells (RBCs) are the primary focus in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for this report." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "2162.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining of Opto-htl embryos performed under only illumination conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the staining of Opto-htl embryos is performed under both dark-field and illuminated conditions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the staining of Opto-htl embryos performed under only illumination conditions?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The staining of Opto-htl embryos is performed under both illumination and non-illumination conditions." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "7085.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a network of blood vessels built over the entire volume of OCT data (z=1800 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neoplastic cells in the image characterized by a glandular growth pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the neoplastic cells in the image are characterized by a papillary growth pattern." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. a network of blood vessels built over the entire volume of OCT data (z=1800 \u03bcm \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the neoplastic cells in the image characterized by a glandular growth pattern?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the neoplastic cells in the image are characterized by a glandular growth pattern." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "13094.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the linear depolarization \u03b122 measured in a unit other than dimensionless?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the linear depolarization \u03b122 is measured in a unit other than dimensionless." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the linear depolarization \u03b122 measured in a unit other than dimensionless?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the linear depolarization \u03b122 is measured in a unit other than dimensionless." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "10047.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frequency histogram of mitochondria size (nm2) n > 100, using at least five different cells of each condition CTRL (n = 2) and IPF (n = 2). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the average size of the coronavirus particles larger than 200 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the average size of the coronavirus particles in the image is smaller than 200 nm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frequency histogram of mitochondria size (nm2) n > 100, using at least five different cells of each condition CTRL (n = 2) and IPF (n = 2). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is the average size of the coronavirus particles larger than 200 nm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The average size of the coronavirus particles in the image is larger than 200 nm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11502.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolocalization of protein WT1 in an E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. WT1 (red staining) is localized in some cardiomyocytes (inserts). Epicardial cells (EP) show expression of the protein WT1, and a few derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage (yellow arrows). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest x-ray show bilateral interstitial infiltrates?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the chest x-ray shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolocalization of protein WT1 in an E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. WT1 (red staining) is localized in some cardiomyocytes (inserts). Epicardial cells (EP) show expression of the protein WT1, and a few derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage (yellow arrows). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Does the chest x-ray show bilateral interstitial infiltrates?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest x-ray does not show bilateral interstitial infiltrates." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "11502.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolocalization of protein WT1 in an E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. WT1 (red staining) is localized in some cardiomyocytes (inserts). Epicardial cells (EP) show expression of the protein WT1, and a few derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage (yellow arrows). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a ground-glass appearance noted in the chest x-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, there is a ground-glass appearance noted in the chest x-ray." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunolocalization of protein WT1 in an E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. WT1 (red staining) is localized in some cardiomyocytes (inserts). Epicardial cells (EP) show expression of the protein WT1, and a few derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage (yellow arrows). \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Is there a ground-glass appearance noted in the chest x-ray?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest x-ray does not show a ground-glass appearance." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": "", "image": "9691.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC6 antibody on the dilated pancreatic duct. The presence of MUC6-immunoreactive cells suggested pyloric gland metaplasia in the atypical pancreatic epithelium. The magnification of the micrograph is 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the secretory vesicles in NO-50P positively stained using PAS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No, the secretory vesicles in NO-50P are not positively stained using PAS." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are provided with a pathological image, a image-related question and 1 reference report(s): 1. Immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC6 antibody on the dilated pancreatic duct. The presence of MUC6-immunoreactive cells suggested pyloric gland metaplasia in the atypical pancreatic epithelium. The magnification of the micrograph is 200\u00d7 \nPlease answer the question based on the image and report and choose from the following two options: [yes, no]. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Question: Are the secretory vesicles in NO-50P positively stained using PAS?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes, the secretory vesicles in NO-50P are positively stained using PAS." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/alignment/radiology/radiology_report.json ================================================ [ { "id": "CXR841_IM-2365", "image": "CXR841_IM-2365/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. Calcified left hilar node. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Left upper extremity PIC catheter tip overlies the distal aspect of the left clavicle XXXX within the subclavian vein. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but clear. Deformity of the lateral left 6th rib, XXXX old injury." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. Calcified left hilar node. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs, a normal heart size, and no pneumothorax. Additionally, there is a calcified left hilar node." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1567_IM-0370", "image": "CXR1567_IM-0370/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and mildly hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1123_IM-0080", "image": "CXR1123_IM-0080/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX opacities projecting over the right apex and mediastinum on PA view are artifactual. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Stable chronic coarse interstitial markings, without focal airspace disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX are grossly intact. XXXX right cervical rib." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no evidence of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, large pleural effusion, or abnormalities in the cardiac and mediastinal contours. The XXXX are also unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2438_IM-0978", "image": "CXR2438_IM-0978/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine is present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity, with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Additionally, levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine is present." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2283_IM-0870", "image": "CXR2283_IM-0870/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and mediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, large effusion, or pneumothorax. The XXXX are grossly intact. Interval removal of right PICC. Persistent elevation of the left hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperexpansion of the lungs, which is suggestive of emphysema. Additionally, the heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2184_IM-0795", "image": "CXR2184_IM-0795/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiac contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. Clear left lung XXXX. Right middle lobe with increased opacities, XXXX representative of infiltrate. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There are streaky left basilar airspace opacities, compatible with atelectasis as seen on comparison abdomen and pelvis CT. There is a left upper lung granuloma. Otherwise, no focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX appear intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiac contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. Clear left lung XXXX. Right middle lobe with increased opacities, XXXX representative of infiltrate. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a normal cardiac contour, which means that the heart's shape and size appear to be within normal limits. Additionally, there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusions, which are positive findings. The left lung appears clear, while the right middle lobe shows increased opacities, which may represent an infiltrate." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1696_IM-0457", "image": "CXR1696_IM-0457/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal without mediastinal widening. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal without mediastinal widening. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size, a normal cardiomediastinal contour without mediastinal widening, clear lungs bilaterally, no pleural effusions or pneumothorax, and no bony or soft tissue abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1511_IM-0331", "image": "CXR1511_IM-0331/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows changes related to a sternotomy and CABG procedure. The heart size appears to be within normal limits. There are no focal airspace consolidations, pleural effusions, or pneumothorax detected in the image. Additionally, there are no acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3951_IM-2019", "image": "CXR3951_IM-2019/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Masslike opacification of right apex. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. XXXX are grossly normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows normal heart size and mediastinal contours. There is no focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1436_IM-0280", "image": "CXR1436_IM-0280/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are calcifications of the aortic XXXX. The lungs are hyperinflated with increased retrosternal airspace and flattening of hemidiaphragms. There is haziness in the right lung apex. There is a 1.7 cm nodular density in the medial right lung base seen on the frontal view, not identified on the lateral view. This may represent a vessel on end. There is no consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows overall hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragms. The lungs appear clear without any focal airspace disease. Additionally, there are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum are of normal size and contour. The spine shows degenerative changes. The right clavicle exhibits expansile changes, which were previously seen on a CT scan. These findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR59_IM-2184", "image": "CXR59_IM-2184/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac silhouette, mediastinum, and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. There is stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated. Cholecystectomy clips are noted in the right upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows clear lungs, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, a normal heart and mediastinal contours, normal pulmonary vasculature, and an intact bony thorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3241_IM-1534", "image": "CXR3241_IM-1534/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs focal airspace consolidation. There is atelectasis of the left lung base. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Cervical vertebral XXXX is partially visible at the top of the radiographs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a cardiac silhouette that is enlarged, with findings that are accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm. Cardiomegaly or less is suspected, along with pericardial effusion. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding, but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema is present. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings, and degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are observed. The patient appears morbidly obese." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1184_IM-0124", "image": "CXR1184_IM-0124/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There is a streaky opacity within the right upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Low lung volumes on the AP view with bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There is a streaky opacity within the right upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a streaky opacity within the right upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses, no visible pneumothorax, no visible pleural fluid, and no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. The heart size and mediastinal contour appear to be normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1177_IM-0120", "image": "CXR1177_IM-0120/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. Trachea midline. Scoliosis of lower thoracic spine. Degenerative changes of thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal heart size and mediastinal contour. The lungs have low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding, with mild bibasilar opacities and XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates, nodules, or masses. No visible pneumothorax or pleural fluid is present. The thoracic spine shows stable degenerative change and thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1455_IM-0293", "image": "CXR1455_IM-0293/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear. A calcified granuloma is seen in the left midlung zone. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows clear lungs, a normal heart and pulmonary XXXX, normal mediastinal contours, and clear pleural spaces." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2147_IM-0767", "image": "CXR2147_IM-0767/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Mild spondylosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and no focal airspace consolidations. Additionally, there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. However, there are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2236_IM-0833", "image": "CXR2236_IM-0833/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac silhouette, mediastinum, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. The central airway is midline, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures also appear within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3678_IM-1831", "image": "CXR3678_IM-1831/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. A few bandlike opacities are present which are XXXX to represent small areas of scarring or atelectasis. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified granuloma is present in the left lung. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The costophrenic XXXX are blunted. The interstitial markings are slightly accentuated suggesting underlying chronic disease/emphysema. No focal consolidation is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. A few bandlike opacities are present which are XXXX to represent small areas of scarring or atelectasis. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified granuloma is present in the left lung. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows a normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. However, there are a few bandlike opacities present, which are XXXX to represent small areas of scarring or atelectasis. Additionally, there is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm and calcified granuloma in the left lung." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR652_IM-2229", "image": "CXR652_IM-2229/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows no abnormalities, which is consistent with the reference report. The heart size appears normal, and there are no focal airspace diseases, pneumothorax, effusions, or bony abnormalities detected in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1151_IM-0102", "image": "CXR1151_IM-0102/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal. There is normal distribution of the pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The postoperative chest X-ray shows normal heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there is no acute osseous abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR410_IM-2056", "image": "CXR410_IM-2056/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. XXXX opacities are noted in the lung bases compatible with scarring or atelectasis. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is a mild levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine. There is mild widening of the right acromioclavicular joint which may be postsurgical or posttraumatic in XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. XXXX opacities are noted in the lung bases compatible with scarring or atelectasis. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion. However, there are XXXX opacities in the lung bases, which are compatible with scarring or atelectasis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2038_IM-0682", "image": "CXR2038_IM-0682/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR969_IM-2459", "image": "CXR969_IM-2459/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right upper lobe airspace disease consistent with pneumonia given patient's history. The lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size upper limits of normal but stable. Tortuous aorta. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Right upper lobe airspace disease consistent with pneumonia given patient's history. The lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a right upper lobe airspace disease consistent with pneumonia. The lungs are otherwise clear, with no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum appear to be of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3235_IM-1532", "image": "CXR3235_IM-1532/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size and clear lungs. The mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes appear to be less prominent than previously." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2150_IM-0770", "image": "CXR2150_IM-0770/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule seen in the left upper lung, possibly granuloma. The lungs are otherwise clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be normal in size and contour. Additionally, there are calcified left hilar lymph nodes and granulomas present. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion is observed in the image. Lastly, there is an old fracture in the right mid clavicle." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3373_IM-1623", "image": "CXR3373_IM-1623/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, which are most prominent in the lung bases. The heart size appears to be within normal limits, and there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. The osseous structures appear to be grossly intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR596_IM-2188", "image": "CXR596_IM-2188/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable flattening of the posterior diaphragm and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings with no focal alveolar consolidation. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size and aortic ectasia/tortuosity, stable mediastinal contours. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Following spine ossifications and marginal osteophytes again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The right chest XXXX tip is visualized in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable flattening of the posterior diaphragm and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings with no focal alveolar consolidation. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size and aortic ectasia/tortuosity, stable mediastinal contours. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Following spine ossifications and marginal osteophytes again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows stable flattening of the posterior diaphragm and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings with no focal alveolar consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal, with a stable heart size and aortic ectasia/tortuosity. The mediastinal contours are also stable. No definite pleural effusion is seen, and there are no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Following spine ossifications and marginal osteophytes are again noted." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2458_IM-0990", "image": "CXR2458_IM-0990/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1033_IM-0027", "image": "CXR1033_IM-0027/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Degenerative changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows an enlarged cardiac silhouette, which may be indicative of an underlying condition. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR181_IM-0524", "image": "CXR181_IM-0524/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, no focal airspace consolidations, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR959_IM-2449", "image": "CXR959_IM-2449/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. There is minimal patchy right lower lobe airspace disease identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and mildly hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2782_IM-1220", "image": "CXR2782_IM-1220/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is no focal lung opacity. Clips overlie the right upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is no focal lung opacity. Clips overlie the right upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows the sternotomy, which appears to be intact. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is also within normal limits, and there is no focal lung opacity. Clips are visible overlying the right upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR858_IM-2379", "image": "CXR858_IM-2379/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. There is evidence of previous granulomatous disease. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. The cardiac and mediastinal contours, lungs, and bony structures all appear to be within normal limits. The left axillary surgical clips are also visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1797_IM-0517", "image": "CXR1797_IM-0517/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Stable granuloma in the left lower lung zone. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Small T-spine osteophytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Stable granuloma in the left lower lung zone. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows normal cardiac contours and clear lungs. Additionally, there is a stable granuloma in the left lower lung zone and thoracic spondylosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2131_IM-0755", "image": "CXR2131_IM-0755/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of focal consolidations or pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a stable mediastinum, and clear lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2763_IM-1209", "image": "CXR2763_IM-1209/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is mild prominence of the interstitial markings which are unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, hypoinflated lungs, and mild increase in perihilar markings. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR974_IM-2463", "image": "CXR974_IM-2463/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette size is at the upper limits of normal. Central vascular markings are mildly prominent. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Mild congestion without edema. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Redemonstrated are endplate depressions of the vertebral bodies, compatible with XXXX cell changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette size is at the upper limits of normal. Central vascular markings are mildly prominent. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal cardiac silhouette size, mildly prominent central vascular markings, and normally inflated lungs with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Additionally, there is no acute bony abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1450_IM-0291", "image": "CXR1450_IM-0291/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a stable normal cardiac size and contour, a normal mediastinal silhouette, and normal pulmonary XXXX. The lungs appear clear, with no airspace disease. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3032_IM-1407", "image": "CXR3032_IM-1407/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips XXXX secondary to a CABG procedure. Small T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are cholecystectomy clips. There is eventration of right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Sternotomy sutures and coronary bypass clips remain intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips XXXX secondary to a CABG procedure. Small T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are cholecystectomy clips. There is eventration of right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a postoperative chest X-ray with various findings. These include sternotomy clips, mediastinal surgical clips, small T-spine osteophytes, and cholecystectomy clips. Additionally, there is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature appear to be within normal limits, and there are no focal areas of consolidation or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1483_IM-0313", "image": "CXR1483_IM-0313/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The right chest XXXX tip is visualized in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The right chest XXXX tip is visualized in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. The heart size is normal, the mediastinum is unremarkable, and the right chest XXXX tip is visualized in the mid superior vena cava (SVC). Additionally, there is no pneumothorax, and the lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2894_IM-1296-4001", "image": "CXR2894_IM-1296-4001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The tracheostomy tube is in stable position. Right subclavian catheter tip is in the lower SVC. The left upper extremity PICC tip is in the mid SVC. Surgical XXXX overlie the soft tissues of the neck. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. The lungs are clear bilaterally, and there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits, and the other findings (XXXX) are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2805_IM-1235", "image": "CXR2805_IM-1235/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits, and there are no focal areas of pulmonary consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR655_IM-2231", "image": "CXR655_IM-2231/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a midline trachea and a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Additionally, there are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. The lungs appear clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion, and there are no masses or pneumothorax visible. The bony structures in the image also show no acute abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2368_IM-0928", "image": "CXR2368_IM-0928/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the interval, the heart size has become normal. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Lungs are clear and expanded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the interval, the heart size has become normal. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Lungs are clear and expanded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size, normal pulmonary XXXX, and clear and expanded lungs. This suggests that the patient's condition has improved since the previous imaging." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1222_IM-0150", "image": "CXR1222_IM-0150/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. The heart size is within normal limits, and there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures appear to be grossly intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3424_IM-1656", "image": "CXR3424_IM-1656/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There are multiple calcified granulomas within the left lower lobe. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3904_IM-1983", "image": "CXR3904_IM-1983/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is within normal limits. There is retrocardiac density which XXXX corresponds to patient's known hiatal hernia. The lungs are hypoinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is within normal limits. There is retrocardiac density which XXXX corresponds to patient's known hiatal hernia. The lungs are hypoinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and a mediastinum within normal limits. Additionally, there is retrocardiac density, which corresponds to the patient's known hiatal hernia. The lungs appear to be hypoinflated, and no focal consolidation is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1641_IM-0420", "image": "CXR1641_IM-0420/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Two views of chest was obtained in AP projection. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is not enlarged. Lungs demonstrate segmental air space disease within the left lower lobe. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is evidence of CABG." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The postoperative chest X-ray shows normal heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there is no acute osseous abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3013_IM-1391-0001", "image": "CXR3013_IM-1391-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged and appears mildly increased in size from the XXXX study. There is normal caliber pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vasculatures within normal limits, a left-sided aortic XXXX, and central airways that are XXXX. Additionally, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated, and there is interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR139_IM-0248", "image": "CXR139_IM-0248/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. A lobulated opacity is identified superior to the heart, in the anterior mediastinum on the lateral view, possibly consistent with a tortuous/ectatic thoracic aorta versus an anterior mediastinal mass. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Severe degenerative changes of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal-sized heart with no focal airspace consolidations, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3978_IM-2037-0001", "image": "CXR3978_IM-2037-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Visualized osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. XXXX are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Visualized osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no visible abnormalities. The lungs are clear, and the heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The osseous structures also appear to be intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2524_IM-1042", "image": "CXR2524_IM-1042/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac contours are normal. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows normal cardiac contours and clear lungs. Additionally, there is thoracic spondylosis, which is a degenerative condition affecting the spine in the thoracic region. The patient has also undergone a prior cholecystectomy, which is the surgical removal of the gallbladder." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR732_IM-2292-1001", "image": "CXR732_IM-2292-1001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs. Mild degenerative changes are present in the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette, clear lungs without any focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax, and intact osseous structures." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2919_IM-1321", "image": "CXR2919_IM-1321/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are low lung volumes, causing bibasilar atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is a XXXX opacity in the left lingula. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are low lung volumes, causing bibasilar atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is a XXXX opacity in the left lingula. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which are causing bibasilar atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. Additionally, there is an XXXX opacity in the left lingula. The trachea is midline, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR529_IM-2137", "image": "CXR529_IM-2137/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Chronic appearing right mid clavicle injury. Visualized bony structures otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be within normal limits, and the lungs are clear without any focal consolidation. Additionally, there is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2006_IM-0656", "image": "CXR2006_IM-0656/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lung base. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. There are some chronic increased interstitial markings noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, except for some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1363_IM-0236-0001", "image": "CXR1363_IM-0236-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No there is an dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Negative for effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace consolidation. The lungs are normally aerated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No there is an dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature appear to be within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Additionally, there are no focal areas of consolidation." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1229_IM-0152", "image": "CXR1229_IM-0152/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is hyperinflation of the lungs appear to be clear. There is no pleural effusion or The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. The skeletal structures are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows overall hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragms. The lungs appear clear without any focal airspace disease. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum are of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes are observed within the spine. Additionally, there are expansile changes within the right clavicle, which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. These findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2215_IM-0820", "image": "CXR2215_IM-0820/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is mild increase in perihilar markings, which may be related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2517_IM-1036", "image": "CXR2517_IM-1036/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1402_IM-0257", "image": "CXR1402_IM-0257/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be normal in size and contour. Additionally, there are calcified left hilar lymph nodes and granulomas present. However, there is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion observed in the image. Lastly, there is an old fracture in the right mid clavicle." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR945_IM-2440", "image": "CXR945_IM-2440/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In the interval, consolidation has developed in the left upper lobe. Also, anterior segment XXXX opacity is present. Right lung remains clear. Heart size is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows overall hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragms. The lungs appear clear without any focal airspace disease. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces detected. The heart and mediastinum are of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes are observed within the spine. Additionally, there are expansile changes within the right clavicle, which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. These findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1508_IM-0330", "image": "CXR1508_IM-0330/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size, and the pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The image also shows mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR810_IM-2343", "image": "CXR810_IM-2343/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Scattered calcified granuloma. Degenerative changes the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal-sized heart and an unremarkable mediastinum. There is an opacity in the left midlung, which is an area of increased density in the lung tissue. The lungs appear clear, meaning there are no visible signs of abnormalities or disease." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR836_IM-2360", "image": "CXR836_IM-2360/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours, given patient position and technique. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. The lung volumes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal supine and lateral radiographs of the chest. Frontal view is lordotic in projection. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits for supine film. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a calcified granuloma at the left lung base. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours, given patient position and technique. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. The lung volumes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal cardiomediastinal contours, which means that the heart and surrounding structures appear to be within normal limits. Additionally, there are no signs of pneumothorax or large pleural effusions, and the lung volumes are provided." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3398_IM-1642", "image": "CXR3398_IM-1642/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Chronic appearing interstitial marking. Right upper lobe granuloma, stable The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Degenerative changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows an enlarged cardiac silhouette, which is accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding, but there is no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and there are no acute bony findings. The patient appears morbidly obese." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2926_IM-1328", "image": "CXR2926_IM-1328/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no focal airspace disease, no pneumothorax or effusions, and no bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1822_IM-0533", "image": "CXR1822_IM-0533/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. No focal air space disease. Prominent hilar XXXX. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is mild increase in perihilar markings, which may be related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2950_IM-1348", "image": "CXR2950_IM-1348/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows a normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, except for some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2887_IM-1289", "image": "CXR2887_IM-1289/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size moderately enlarged, stable mediastinal contours. Lateral view curvilinear densities over the heart suggestive of coronary artery stents. Diaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. There are a few XXXX opacities in the lung bases bilaterally. No definitive pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Displaced fracture of the mid one-third of the right clavicle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size moderately enlarged, stable mediastinal contours. Lateral view curvilinear densities over the heart suggestive of coronary artery stents. Diaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a moderately enlarged heart with stable mediastinal contours. The lateral view curvilinear densities over the heart suggest the presence of coronary artery stents. Additionally, there is diaphragm eventration. However, there are no focal alveolar consolidations, no definite pleural effusions, and no typical findings of pulmonary edema in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2096_IM-0726", "image": "CXR2096_IM-0726/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows stable heart and mediastinal contours, clear lungs without focal infiltrate, and no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2377_IM-0937", "image": "CXR2377_IM-0937/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows clear lungs without focal consolidation. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum appear to be of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1367_IM-0237", "image": "CXR1367_IM-0237/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is no focal infiltrate or suspicious pulmonary opacity. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is a lucency along the peripheral right lung base, XXXX secondary to a skin fold. No acute bony findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is no focal infiltrate or suspicious pulmonary opacity. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is a lucency along the peripheral right lung base, XXXX secondary to a skin fold. No acute bony findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size, normal mediastinal contours, and normal pulmonary vascularity. There is no focal infiltrate or suspicious pulmonary opacity. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is observed. Additionally, there is a lucency along the peripheral right lung base, which is secondary to a skin fold. No acute bony findings are present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR185_IM-0551", "image": "CXR185_IM-0551/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated. Increased XXXX opacities on lateral projection XXXX reflect bronchovascular crowding. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a significant enlargement of the heart, along with prominent pulmonary vascularity. However, there is no focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. Additionally, there is no pneumothorax, and the visualized osseous structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3881_IM-1969", "image": "CXR3881_IM-1969/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a region of left upper lobe perihilar opacity identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated. No pleural effusion is seen. No pneumothorax is identified. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. Right XXXX-a-XXXX has been inserted since the previous study. The tip projects over the lower superior XXXX XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a region of left upper lobe perihilar opacity identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a region of left upper lobe perihilar opacity. This finding may be indicative of an underlying issue, such as an infection, inflammation, or other lung abnormality. Further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine the cause and significance of this finding." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR982_IM-2470", "image": "CXR982_IM-2470/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are postoperative changes of cervical spine fusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows that the mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Additionally, the heart size remains normal, and the lungs appear clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1826_IM-0535", "image": "CXR1826_IM-0535/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3439_IM-1664", "image": "CXR3439_IM-1664/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes of the spine are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes of the spine are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs, no pleural effusion, and normal heart and mediastinum. Additionally, there are arthritic changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3031_IM-1406", "image": "CXR3031_IM-1406/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart appears to be top normal in size, and the mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear, which means there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2408_IM-0955", "image": "CXR2408_IM-0955/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rotated apical lordotic frontal projection, mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. No definite focal alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits, heavily calcified and mildly tortuous aorta. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal contour stable and within normal limits. Changes of prior CABG again noted. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Streaky bibasilar opacities decreased from previous, possibly subsegmental atelectasis and/or scar. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion demonstrated. Redemonstrated severe L1 XXXX fracture. Slight interval increase in XXXX loss of T11 and there is XXXX mild to moderate anterior XXXX loss of T10. Degenerative changes of the spine. Abdominal aortic stent." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rotated apical lordotic frontal projection, mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. No definite focal alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits, heavily calcified and mildly tortuous aorta. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. There are no definite focal alveolar consolidations or pleural effusions seen in the image. The heart size is within normal limits, and the aorta is heavily calcified and mildly tortuous. No typical findings of pulmonary edema are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3996_IM-2047", "image": "CXR3996_IM-2047/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vasculatures within normal limits, a left-sided aortic XXXX, and central airways that are XXXX. Additionally, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated, and interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant is observed." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2149_IM-0768-0001", "image": "CXR2149_IM-0768-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal osteophytes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures. A calcified granuloma is demonstrated in the left upper lobe." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal-sized heart, with no focal airspace consolidations, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2690_IM-1162", "image": "CXR2690_IM-1162/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. There is right upper lobe airspace disease.. There is a rounded nodular opacity in the left upper lung measuring approximately 7 mm which may represent further sequela of infectious process versus other pathology. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma within the left midlung." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. There is right upper lobe airspace disease.. There is a rounded nodular opacity in the left upper lung measuring approximately 7 mm which may represent further sequela of infectious process versus other pathology. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a rounded nodular opacity in the left upper lung, which may represent further sequela of an infectious process or other pathology. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature appear to be within normal limits for size and contour. Osseous structures are also within normal limits for patient age." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1288_IM-0189", "image": "CXR1288_IM-0189/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. Prominent bilateral pericardial fat pads. The lungs are well aerated. There is minimal patchy and XXXX air space opacity within the lingula favored as atelectasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal cardiac size and contour, a normal mediastinal silhouette, and normal pulmonary vascular markings. The lungs appear clear, with no airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2216_IM-0821", "image": "CXR2216_IM-0821/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. This is consistent with the reference report, which states that the heart size is normal, there is no focal airspace disease, no pneumothorax or effusions, and no bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR958_IM-2449", "image": "CXR958_IM-2449/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX are demonstrated. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild to moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX are demonstrated. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild to moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows a cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits for appearance. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX are demonstrated, along with atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation are present, and there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild to moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are also visible." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2647_IM-1132", "image": "CXR2647_IM-1132/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Several calcified granulomas in bilateral hilar regions. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. XXXX foreign body in the posterior soft tissues appear stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Several calcified granulomas in bilateral hilar regions. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows several calcified granulomas in the bilateral hilar regions. The trachea is midline, and there is no evidence of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size appears to be normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3144_IM-1478", "image": "CXR3144_IM-1478/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX XXXX and lateral views of the chest were obtained on XXXX. The lung volumes are normal. The lungs are clear and there are no pleural effusions. The mediastinum and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The bony elements are not remarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with clear lungs, a normal heart and pulmonary XXXX, normal mediastinal contours, and clear pleural spaces." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2384_IM-0942", "image": "CXR2384_IM-0942/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A large hiatal hernia is noted. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1352_IM-0229", "image": "CXR1352_IM-0229/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is stable XXXX scarring in the right upper lobe. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no XXXX focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, except for some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR210_IM-0730", "image": "CXR210_IM-0730/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are numerous surgical clips at the thoracic inlet. Small areas of XXXX scarring are seen in the left base. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, which is a change in the position of the diaphragm. Additionally, there are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. These findings may be relevant to the patient's condition, but further evaluation and clinical correlation are needed to determine their significance and potential impact on the patient's health." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR446_IM-2080", "image": "CXR446_IM-2080/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The image shows clear lungs, a normal heart and pulmonary XXXX, normal mediastinal contours, and clear pleural spaces." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2643_IM-1129", "image": "CXR2643_IM-1129/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. Scattered thoracic spine spurring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. Scattered thoracic spine spurring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs and a normal heart size. Additionally, there are scattered thoracic spine spurring." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2110_IM-0741", "image": "CXR2110_IM-0741/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3632_IM-1799", "image": "CXR3632_IM-1799/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. XXXX opacities in the left lung base, XXXX atelectasis. The lateral view shows a XXXX left pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax. Stable bilateral apical pleural capping." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette. The aorta appears to be tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded, with flattening of the hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are observed in the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3115_IM-1463", "image": "CXR3115_IM-1463/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cervical fusion XXXX. Degenerative changes of the spine and the acromioclavicular joints. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cervical fusion XXXX. Degenerative changes of the spine and the acromioclavicular joints. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows normal mediastinal contours and heart size. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there are degenerative changes of the spine and the acromioclavicular joints." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1045_IM-0036/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Large hiatal hernia is present. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. Vascular calcification is noted. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Chronic appearing contour deformity of the right posterolateral 7th rib again noted suggestive of old injury." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Large hiatal hernia is present. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. Vascular calcification is noted. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a large hiatal hernia, which is a condition where a part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm. Additionally, the image reveals degenerative changes in the spine and right shoulder, as well as vascular calcification. These findings are consistent with the reference reports provided." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1051_IM-0039/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Elevated left hemidiaphragm with scarring at the left costophrenic XXXX. There is a bullet fragment overlying the left T7 vertebra. Retained XXXX bullet fragments noted within the left upper and lower lobes. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Elevated left hemidiaphragm with scarring at the left costophrenic XXXX. There is a bullet fragment overlying the left T7 vertebra. Retained XXXX bullet fragments noted within the left upper and lower lobes. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an elevated left hemidiaphragm with scarring at the left costophrenic XXXX. Additionally, there are retained XXXX bullet fragments within the left upper and lower lobes. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion is noted in the image. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are also present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1119_IM-0080/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. Sequela of prior granulomatous disease. Otherwise lungs clear. Heart size normal. Stable severe L1 XXXX deformity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, and the pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The image also shows mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity, which does not suggest a bacterial pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1473_IM-0306/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable XXXX XXXX, including elongation of the left ventricle and tortuous thoracic aorta. Subcarinal calcified lymph XXXX. XXXX lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable XXXX XXXX, including elongation of the left ventricle and tortuous thoracic aorta. Subcarinal calcified lymph XXXX. XXXX lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues in the chest area. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR14_IM-0256/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. Mild hyperinflation appears similar to prior. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings, no typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without focal consolidation, which means there are no signs of lung abnormalities such as pneumonia or other infections. Additionally, there are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces, which are fluid accumulation or air in the pleural space, respectively. The heart and mediastinum appear to be of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR154_IM-0350/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear, with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1573_IM-0374/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and an unremarkable mediastinum. Additionally, there is XXXX XXXX opacity in the left midlung. The lungs appear to be clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1583_IM-0378/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine curvature noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a top normal-sized heart, a stable mediastinum, and clear lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1597_IM-0388/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild dextro curvature of the thoracic spine, possibly positional. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild dextro curvature of the thoracic spine, possibly positional. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart with no mediastinal widening. The lungs appear clear bilaterally, without any large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there is mild dextro curvature of the thoracic spine, possibly positional." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1868_IM-0561/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity normal. There is a small right pleural effusion. There is infrahilar interstitial prominence which may represent bronchovascular crowding lung. Small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows scattered calcified granulomas in the lungs, which are otherwise clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal, and there is a right humeral internal fixation XXXX visible." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR18_IM-0520/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are free of infiltrates. However, in the left lower lobe there is a 1 cm diameter nodule that is not calcified. The right lung is clear. The heart, XXXX, and mediastinum are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are free of infiltrates. However, in the left lower lobe there is a 1 cm diameter nodule that is not calcified. The right lung is clear. The heart, XXXX, and mediastinum are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows that the lungs are free of infiltrates, except for a 1 cm diameter nodule in the left lower lobe that is not calcified. The right lung appears clear. The heart, XXXX, and mediastinum are normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1951_IM-0619/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a stable mediastinum, and clear lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1957_IM-0624/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small 3.3 mm right-sided pneumothorax only visible on the left lateral decubitus film. Left lung is clear. Normal cardiac contour. No evidence of pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bilateral pleural effusions, left small, right moderate in size, abnormal opacities in the adjacent lung bases. Limited assessment of heart size due to obscured margins, stable mediastinal contours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Small 3.3 mm right-sided pneumothorax only visible on the left lateral decubitus film. Left lung is clear. Normal cardiac contour. No evidence of pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small 3.3 mm right-sided pneumothorax. This means that there is a small amount of air in the pleural space on the right side of the chest, which can cause the lung to partially collapse. The left lung appears clear, and there is no evidence of pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1967_IM-0629/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperexpansion of the lungs, which is suggestive of emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2070_IM-0704/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Questionable old left posterior third and fourth rib fractures. Visualized soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal heart size. Normal hilar vascular markings. Subtle prominence of interstitial markings in the bases, left worse than right. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is mild increase in perihilar markings related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2185_IM-0795/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are low lung volumes with bibasilar opacities XXXX representing subsegmental atelectasis. The cardio the cardiac silhouette is of the XXXX of normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs appear clear, with no focal airspace disease. However, there are some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. These findings should be further evaluated and correlated with the patient's clinical history and symptoms." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2252_IM-0844/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs bilaterally, with no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, a right basilar calcified granuloma is noted. The cardio mediastinal silhouette appears unremarkable, and the osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR229_IM-0873/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. Scattered thoracic spine spurring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mediastinal calcification and dense right upper lung nodule suggest a previous granulomatous process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. Scattered thoracic spine spurring. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs and a normal-sized heart. Additionally, there are scattered thoracic spine spurring visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2328_IM-0898/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no XXXX focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Again noted is tortuosity and unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Aortic vascular calcifications. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Bone demineralization." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and an unremarkable mediastinum. Additionally, there is an opacity in the left midlung. The lungs appear to be clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2338_IM-0905/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compared to prior examination, there is significant improvement in aeration bilaterally, with improved bilateral airspace opacities. Currently, there are only minimal streaky opacities in the bilateral midlung, which may represent mild residual airspace disease, atelectasis, or underlying changes of chronic lung disease. No large focal consolidations, pneumothorax, or definite pleural effusions identified. The mediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits for size and contour. No acute osseous abnormality is identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings, which may be related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR236_IM-0924/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, with no focal airspace consolidations, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2397_IM-0946/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low lung volumes with magnified appearance of the heart, XXXX normal heart size. Negative for consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Low lung volumes with magnified appearance of the heart, XXXX normal heart size. Negative for consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes with a magnified appearance of the heart. The heart size appears to be normal, as mentioned in the reference report. The image does not show any signs of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The bony thorax and soft tissues also appear to be grossly unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2407_IM-0954/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Some hyperinflation appears to be present. There are small calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. The heart is normal. The mediastinum is normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs, a normal heart and pulmonary XXXX, normal mediastinal contours, and clear pleural spaces." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2514_IM-1036/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. there are residuals of prior granulomatous infection. Lungs otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows overall hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragms. The lungs appear clear without any focal airspace disease. Additionally, there are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum are of normal size and contour. The spine shows degenerative changes, and there are expansile changes within the right clavicle. These findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2519_IM-1037/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Persistent small right pleural effusion and XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is mild cardiomegaly, similar to prior exams. No focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Persistent small right pleural effusion and XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Additionally, there is a persistent small right pleural effusion and atelectasis. However, there is no pneumothorax, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stable. There are no acute bone abnormalities visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2555_IM-1060/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. Mild lung hyperexpansion. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute abnormalities in the lungs and pleural spaces. The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded, and the heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2667_IM-1146/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs bilaterally, with no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. A calcified granuloma is noted in the right basilar region. The cardio mediastinal silhouette appears unremarkable, and the osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2719_IM-1182/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. Prominent interstitial and nodular opacities are increased since comparison exam. There is a 1 cm nodular opacity in the right costophrenic XXXX, increased since comparison examination. A cystic lesion in the right upper lobe appears similar to prior examination. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows overall hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragms. The lungs appear clear without any focal airspace disease. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum are of normal size and contour. Additionally, there are degenerative changes within the spine and expansile changes within the right clavicle. These findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2725_IM-1186/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is borderline in size. The mediastinum is stable with changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft. Aorta is atherosclerotic. There are postsurgical changes of the left hemithorax with mild left-sided volume loss as evidenced by diaphragm elevation. Left post thoracotomy rib changes are noted. The right lung is clear. There is no pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Emphysematous changes are present. The lungs are free of active disease. Deformed right ribs. Thoracic spondylosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is borderline in size. The mediastinum is stable with changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft. Aorta is atherosclerotic. There are postsurgical changes of the left hemithorax with mild left-sided volume loss as evidenced by diaphragm elevation. Left post thoracotomy rib changes are noted. The right lung is clear. There is no pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows borderline cardiomegaly, which means the heart size is slightly enlarged. Additionally, there are postsurgical changes in the left hemithorax, including mild left-sided volume loss, diaphragm elevation, and left post thoracotomy rib changes. The right lung appears clear, and there is no pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2739_IM-1193/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and an unremarkable mediastinum. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2744_IM-1197/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, an unremarkable mediastinum, and hypoinflated lungs that are clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2788_IM-1222/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size and clear lungs. Additionally, the mediastinal and hilar lymph are less prominent than previously." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2789_IM-1223/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable appearance of chest with no findings of disease progression. Heart and mediastinum stable configuration. Stable elevation of left hemidiaphragm. Lungs clear of consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax intact. Minimal spondylosis of the lower thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size near top normal limits, mild aortic ectasia size tortuosity. Mediastinal calcifications and dense nodule in the lingula suggest a previous granulomatous process. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable appearance of chest with no findings of disease progression. Heart and mediastinum stable configuration. Stable elevation of left hemidiaphragm. Lungs clear of consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax intact. Minimal spondylosis of the lower thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a stable appearance of the chest, with no findings of disease progression. The heart and mediastinum have a stable configuration, and the left hemidiaphragm is elevated. The lungs appear clear of consolidation, and there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The bony thorax appears intact, and there is minimal spondylosis of the lower thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2817_IM-1241/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Evaluation is limited due to obscuration by the patient's arm on the lateral view. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular is unremarkable. XXXX are chronic, coarse interstitial lung markings. Peripheral opacity along the right mid lung XXXX reflects scar or a small amount of loculated pleural fluid or thickening. Otherwise negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Hyperlucent lungs with apical XXXX. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and an unremarkable mediastinum. Additionally, there is an opacity in the left midlung. The lungs appear to be clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2898_IM-1300-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified granulomas are present. There is an area of focal density overlying the right first rib and medial clavicle. This is approximately 1.2 cm in diameter. It may be secondary to overlapping structures. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal. Calcifications of the aortic XXXX are seen. The skeletal structures are unremarkable. There has been a left mastectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified granulomas are present. There is an area of focal density overlying the right first rib and medial clavicle. This is approximately 1.2 cm in diameter. It may be secondary to overlapping structures. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal. Calcifications of the aortic XXXX are seen. The skeletal structures are unremarkable. There has been a left mastectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows calcified granulomas overlying the right first rib and medial clavicle. These calcifications may be secondary to overlapping structures. The lungs appear clear, with no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal, and there are calcifications of the aortic XXXX. The skeletal structures are unremarkable, and there has been a left mastectomy." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2942_IM-1343/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a midline central airway, a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette, and no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures also appear within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2989_IM-1376/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cervical fusion XXXX. Degenerative changes of the spine and the acromioclavicular joints." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, without any focal airspace consolidations, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3004_IM-1388/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. And scattered calcified granulomas. Left greater than right basilar opacity, probable atelectasis and/or scarring. No pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. The lungs are hyperexpanded but clear, with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3084_IM-1443/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No focal air space opacities. Mild degenerative osteophytes are noted in the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a top normal-sized heart, a stable mediastinum, and clear lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3269_IM-1552/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, without any focal airspace consolidations, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3375_IM-1624/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs bilaterally, with no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there is a right basilar calcified granuloma and an unremarkable cardio mediastinal silhouette. The visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3433_IM-1662/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute abnormalities in the lungs and pleural spaces. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear to be within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3483_IM-1692/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs bilaterally, with no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Additionally, there is a right basilar calcified granuloma and an unremarkable cardio mediastinal silhouette. The visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3493_IM-1698/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. The lung volumes are slightly on the low side. Lungs are otherwise clear without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No focal consolidations. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without focal consolidation. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum appear to be of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3545_IM-1737/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX opacities in the lung bases are slightly worse XXXX compared to prior study. Lung volumes are low. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX are normal. There no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. The patient is status post XXXX sternotomy. There calcifications of the thoracic aorta." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal heart size and mediastinal contour. However, there are low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Additionally, there are mild bibasilar opacities and XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates, nodules, or masses. No visible pneumothorax or pleural fluid is seen. The thoracic spine shows stable degenerative change and thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3597_IM-1775/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Left XXXX XXXX noted with tip approximating the high SVC, stable. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal limits. Degenerative changes thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, except for some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3605_IM-1781/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, with no focal airspace consolidations, no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3702_IM-1849/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs appear free of focal airspace disease, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. However, there is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm and a tortuous descending thoracic aorta." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR370_IM-1848/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection, which is causing blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. Additionally, there are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base, which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base is also present. The heart size appears to be normal. The left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction, and the right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3714_IM-1856/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung volumes are low. No infiltrates in the lungs. No pleural air collections. Sternotomy sutures and bypass graft markers are present. Heart size normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardio mediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern are within normal limits. Mildly low lung volumes. No focal infiltrate, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lung volumes are low. No infiltrates in the lungs. No pleural air collections. Sternotomy sutures and bypass graft markers are present. Heart size normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which means that the lungs appear smaller than expected. There are no infiltrates in the lungs, which means that there are no visible signs of infection or inflammation. Additionally, there are no pleural air collections, which indicates that there is no air trapped in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. The sternotomy sutures and bypass graft markers are present, which are related to a surgical procedure. The heart size appears normal in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3747_IM-1873/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is rotated to left. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to interface between the heart and aerated lung. Patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis. No definite acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is rotated to left. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to interface between the heart and aerated lung. Patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis. No definite acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized cardiomediastinal silhouette, with XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to the interface between the heart and aerated lung. Additionally, there are patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. However, there is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The image also shows exaggerated thoracic kyphosis and no definite acute bone abnormality." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3787_IM-1900/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable. Stable bilateral calcified granulomas/lymph XXXX. A bullet is present in the posterior soft tissues of the left chest wall, stable compared to prior examination. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable. Stable bilateral calcified granulomas/lymph XXXX. A bullet is present in the posterior soft tissues of the left chest wall, stable compared to prior examination. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be unremarkable, meaning that there are no significant abnormalities or findings in the image. However, it is important to note that the presence of a bullet in the posterior soft tissues of the left chest wall is mentioned in the reference report. This information should be taken into account when evaluating the patient's condition and determining the appropriate course of action." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3794_IM-1908/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size, aortic and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. No visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. 6 mm nodular opacity overlies the left anterior 5th rib on the frontal view. No focal bony abnormality identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection, which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. Additionally, there are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base, which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base is also present. The heart size appears to be normal. The image also shows the placement of a left-sided tunneled catheter and a right IJ venous catheter." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3830_IM-1933/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows scattered calcified granulomas in the lungs. The lungs are otherwise clear, with no focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size and mediastinal contour appear normal. Additionally, there is a right humeral internal fixation XXXX visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3936_IM-2007/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. A left-sided hemodialysis catheter is in XXXX with its distal tip at the right atrium. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no focal opacity. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. A left-sided hemodialysis catheter is in XXXX with its distal tip at the right atrium. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no focal opacity. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a left-sided hemodialysis catheter in place, with its distal tip at the right atrium. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours appear to be within normal limits. There is no focal opacity, no pneumothorax, and no large pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3946_IM-2015/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the interval, the heart size has become normal. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Lungs are clear and expanded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. In the interval, the heart size has become normal. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Lungs are clear and expanded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, normal pulmonary XXXX, and clear and expanded lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3988_IM-2041/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No acute osseous abnormalities. Left midlung, and basilar streaky opacity. There is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. No pneumothorax. Small calcified 8 cm granuloma adjacent to the right diaphragm within the right chest. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings, which may be related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR420_IM-2064/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 2 images. Heart size is enlarged, stable. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There is XXXX dense consolidation within the retrocardiac left lower lobe. There is also patchy airspace opacity within the perihilar right lung. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No bony abnormality. Vague density in right mid lung, XXXX related to scapular tip and superimposed ribs. Not visualized on lateral exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. 2 images. Heart size is enlarged, stable. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There is XXXX dense consolidation within the retrocardiac left lower lobe. There is also patchy airspace opacity within the perihilar right lung. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an enlarged heart, stable in size, and the presence of thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications. Additionally, there is dense consolidation within the retrocardiac left lower lobe and patchy airspace opacity within the perihilar right lung. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR494_IM-2114/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Large hiatal hernia is present. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. Vascular calcification is noted. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Right lung is clear. XXXX opacities left lung base may represent atelectasis versus scarring. No focal consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Large hiatal hernia is present. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. Vascular calcification is noted. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a large hiatal hernia, osteopenia, degenerative changes in the spine, and vascular calcification. Additionally, there are degenerative changes in the right shoulder." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR499_IM-2116/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a normal-sized mediastinum, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings, which may be related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR824_IM-2354/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Calcified granulomas. Degenerative changes thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease, except for some bandlike opacities in the left base, which are located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR844_IM-2367/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No pleural effusion no pneumothorax. Normal cardiac contour. No focal consolidation. Lungs clear bilaterally." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal-sized heart, a mediastinum within normal limits, and hypoinflated lungs. Additionally, there is a mild increase in perihilar markings related to the patient's history of bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion is seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR865_IM-2385/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Normal mediastinal contour and pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are without focal airspace consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a top normal-sized heart, a stable mediastinum, and clear lungs." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR911_IM-2417/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar and perihilar interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures and soft tissues are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar and perihilar interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows moderate cardiomegaly, which means an enlarged heart. Additionally, there are bibasilar and perihilar interstitial opacities, which are areas of increased density in the lung tissue near the bases and around the hilum. However, there is no pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or pleural effusions (fluid buildup in the pleural space) present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR926_IM-2425/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without focal consolidation. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The heart and mediastinum appear to be of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1099_IM-0067/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1123_IM-0080/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX opacities projecting over the right apex and mediastinum on PA view are artifactual. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Stable chronic coarse interstitial markings, without focal airspace disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX are grossly intact. XXXX right cervical rib." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1177_IM-0120/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. Trachea midline. Scoliosis of lower thoracic spine. Degenerative changes of thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1187_IM-0126/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Degenerative changes are noted in the spine. The descending thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous. The mediastinum appears somewhat prominent. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Degenerative changes are noted in the spine. The descending thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous. The mediastinum appears somewhat prominent. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1213_IM-0144/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. Cardiac valve replacement. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. Cardiac valve replacement. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1244_IM-0166/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. A patchy infiltrate has developed in the right middle lobe. Left lung is clear. Heart size normal. Aorta tortuous. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Redemonstration of colonic interposition overlying the mediastinum. There are increased bibasilar airspace opacities, left greater than right. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. A patchy infiltrate has developed in the right middle lobe. Left lung is clear. Heart size normal. Aorta tortuous. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1271_IM-0182/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact. Surgical clips are seen within the right upper abdomen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The heart is XXXX within normal limits in size given the low lung volumes an AP portable technique. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact. Surgical clips are seen within the right upper abdomen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1315_IM-0204/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Normal mediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal air space opacity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1329_IM-0211/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Two nodules are noted in the right XXXX XXXX measuring 13 mm and one measuring 16 mm in diameter. The smaller one appears to be within the right upper lobe and the large XXXX appears to be within the left lower lobe. No focal consolidation and no other pulmonary nodules are identified. However, if a full evaluation for lung nodules is desired consider XXXX for further evaluation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1417_IM-0266/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Visualized osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are increased lucencies in the bilateral apices along with horizontal oblique scarring in the left upper lobe. This could suggest emphysematous bullae. XXXX are grossly unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Visualized osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1505_IM-0330/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. There is opacity at the base of the mediastinum which is XXXX a hiatal hernia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1506_IM-0330/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is interval placement of a XXXX on the left chest with the catheter tip in the cavoatrial junction. The heart size is within normal limits. Lung volumes within normal limits. Slightly prominent pulmonary vascularity noted. Increased peribronchial cuffing. No large consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is subpleural edema outlining the right XXXX fissure." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1511_IM-0331/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1599_IM-0389/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Atherosclerotic calcifications identified within the aortic XXXX. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Flowing thoracic spine osteophytes noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR165_IM-0427/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is some minimal biapical scarring. A calcified granuloma is present in the right middle lobe. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1670_IM-0441/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. XXXX-A-XXXX XXXX has its tip at the caval atrial junction." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR167_IM-0441/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable XXXX opacity in the left base, XXXX scarring or atelectasis. Rounded calcified density in the left lung base, XXXX calcified granuloma. No XXXX consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. An old calcified granuloma is present in the left upper lobe. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable XXXX opacity in the left base, XXXX scarring or atelectasis. Rounded calcified density in the left lung base, XXXX calcified granuloma. No XXXX consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1704_IM-0464/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Persistent small right pleural effusion and XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Persistent small right pleural effusion and XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1743_IM-0489/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are scattered calcified granulomas throughout both lung XXXX. Lungs are clear bilaterally otherwise. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomegaly and stable mediastinal contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are scattered calcified granulomas throughout both lung XXXX. Lungs are clear bilaterally otherwise. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1768_IM-0502/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is minimal scarring in the lung apices. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There is dextrocurvature within the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR181_IM-0524/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1833_IM-0539/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a small area of scarring or atelectasis in the left base. Calcified granulomas seen in the posterior right lower lobe. Lungs are otherwise clear. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1852_IM-0554/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1863_IM-0558/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Degenerative changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1864_IM-0558/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size borderline enlarged. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Dense nodule in the right lower lobe suggests a previous granulomatous process." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1867_IM-0560/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomegaly and tortuous calcified thoracic aorta are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Minimal streaky bibasilar opacities. Blunted left costophrenic XXXX. Bony demineralization. Degenerative changes of the spine. Verterbroplasty change near the thoracolumbar junction. Upper abdominal surgical changes. Chronic appearing deformity of the proximal right humerus. Old right rib fractures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1889_IM-0577/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes and osteopenia of the thoracic spine. Overlying EKG leads. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Elevated right hemidiaphragm. XXXX atelectasis in the right lung base. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes and osteopenia of the thoracic spine. Overlying EKG leads. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR1902_IM-0586/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or significant pulmonary edema. No focal lung consolidation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2003_IM-0654/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Central vascular prominence and diffuse bilateral interstitial and alveolar opacities. Left basilar airspace opacities. No pneumothorax. Heart size XXXX large. XXXX unremarkable. No large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Borderline enlarged heart. Pulmonary vasculature appears within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Possible right shoulder calcific tendinitis. Calcifications of the abdominal aorta are seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Central vascular prominence and diffuse bilateral interstitial and alveolar opacities. Left basilar airspace opacities. No pneumothorax. Heart size XXXX large. XXXX unremarkable. No large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2006_IM-0656/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lung base. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. There are some chronic increased interstitial markings noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2012_IM-0662/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2021_IM-0668/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No bony abnormality. Vague density in right mid lung, XXXX related to scapular tip and superimposed ribs. Not visualized on lateral exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable borderline cardiomegaly, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No bony abnormality. Vague density in right mid lung, XXXX related to scapular tip and superimposed ribs. Not visualized on lateral exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2029_IM-0674/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no visible abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2046_IM-0688/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a minimally displaced fracture of the right lateral 7th rib. There is a small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis of the right lower lobe. There appears to be a healing fracture of the posterolateral right 8th rib. There is questionable cortical defect involving the sternum seen XXXX on lateral view. XXXX would be XXXX to evaluate this finding. As the small right-sided pleural effusion is visible on both PA and lateral views. There is a XXXX left-sided pleural effusion as well. The left lung appears grossly clear. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. There is a mild scoliosis involving the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2047_IM-0688/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Large calcified granuloma in the right lower lobe is unchanged. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacification." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2062_IM-0699-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is XXXX increased opacity within the right upper lobe with possible mass and associated area of atelectasis or focal consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX opacity in the left midlung overlying the posterior left 5th rib may represent focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Right subclavian catheter, distal tip posterior to the head of the clavicle, the level of the subclavian vein. Low lung volumes. No pleural effusion. Left lower lobe airspace disease, XXXX atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is XXXX increased opacity within the right upper lobe with possible mass and associated area of atelectasis or focal consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX opacity in the left midlung overlying the posterior left 5th rib may represent focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2096_IM-0726/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR210_IM-0730/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are numerous surgical clips at the thoracic inlet. Small areas of XXXX scarring are seen in the left base. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2119_IM-0746/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a 1 cm nodule within one of the lung bases, seen only on the lateral view. There is a calcified right hilar lymph node and right granuloma. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR211_IM-0740/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. Trachea is midline. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2144_IM-0765/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable calcified hilar XXXX and granulomas. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2217_IM-0822-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is abnormal separation of the right XXXX XXXX. This is age-indeterminate. Corticated bony density over the lateral aspect of the clavicle may reflect sequela of old remote XXXX. The cardia mediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern are normal. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema . There is minimal endplate degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. Partial obscuration retrosternal space due to overlying XXXX. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size borderline enlarged, mediastinal contours appear similar to the XXXX from XXXX, XXXX XXXX noted. Right hemidiaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is abnormal separation of the right XXXX XXXX. This is age-indeterminate. Corticated bony density over the lateral aspect of the clavicle may reflect sequela of old remote XXXX. The cardia mediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern are normal. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema . There is minimal endplate degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. Partial obscuration retrosternal space due to overlying XXXX. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2218_IM-0823/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The opacity at the left lung base appears stable from prior exam. There is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are again noted. There is a large amount of XXXX distending the stomach, which incidentally was also seen on prior exam of 3 years ago. There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of any immediate or severe issues in the chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2246_IM-0843/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right lung base airspace disease on frontal XXXX. XXXX opacities in the left lung base consistent with atelectasis. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild wedge XXXX deformity of T12." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2253_IM-0845/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is hyperinflation of the lungs but they are clear. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal. There are bilateral breast prostheses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2257_IM-0849/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2264_IM-0854/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2348_IM-0913/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. No acute focal space opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a moderate sized right pleural effusion. Severe slightly smaller than is compared to XXXX. There is a small left pleural effusion. This is unchanged as compared to the prior study. There is a right chest wall venous XXXX XXXX which appears accessed. No pneumothorax. Scaphoid abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. No acute focal space opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2361_IM-0926/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable mild rightward curvature of the thoracic spine. Heart size is normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2370_IM-0931/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In the interval, consolidation and atelectasis have developed in the right lower lobe. Costophrenic XXXX blunted on the right. Left lung clear. Heart size normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2441_IM-0978/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mild levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is mild blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX which may represent a small right pleural effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax identified. Cardiomediastinal silhouette demonstrates stable mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, and heart size within normal limits and stable. No acute osseous abnormality. There is redemonstration of mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine. Old, healed left rib fractures are noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mild levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2442_IM-0979/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is mild cardiomegaly, similar to prior exams. No focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Given differences in patient rotation, heart size and mediastinal contours are grossly unchanged. Lungs appear clear without focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the thoracic spine with scattered XXXX deformities. Stable postsurgical changes of the left shoulder and marked degenerative changes of the right shoulder." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is mild cardiomegaly, similar to prior exams. No focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. This means that the heart and lungs appear to be functioning normally, without any signs of immediate or severe issues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR248_IM-1008/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact. There is a small calcified granuloma in the right midlung." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2505_IM-1029/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2517_IM-1036/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2564_IM-1067/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal cardiac size and contour unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Lungs clear, no airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No active/acute cardiopulmonary disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2568_IM-1070/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Right lower lung patchy opacities. Small right pneumothorax. Small right pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is no focal lung opacity. Clips overlie the right upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Right lower lung patchy opacities. Small right pneumothorax. Small right pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2580_IM-1078/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Stable right upper lobe scarring with pleural thickening. No XXXX consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2659_IM-1140/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No focal lung consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. Osseous structures are grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR267_IM-1147/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Endotracheal tube and NG tube have been removed. Mild patchy bilateral airspace disease. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinum are stable with normal size heart. Degenerative changes in the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2720_IM-1182/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2729_IM-1187/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Elevated left hemidiaphragm with scarring at the left costophrenic XXXX. There is a bullet fragment overlying the left T7 vertebra. Retained XXXX bullet fragments noted within the left upper and lower lobes. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2783_IM-1220/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mild levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No interval change is found in the bony thorax. The heart size remains normal with an ectatic tortuous aorta. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are free of infiltrate and there is no pleural effusion. The fullness to the right hilum is again noted but this is unchanged suggesting no progression of the retrohilar nodule XXXX on the CT scan. No XXXX pulmonary nodule is found." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mild levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2844_IM-1254/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Left shoulder arthroplasty is noted. Old left rib fractures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2890_IM-1293/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Feeding tube passes below the left hemidiaphragm. Left subclavian central line tip is at the upper SVC. Shunt tubing courses along the anterior left hemithorax. There is grossly stable left lower lobe consolidation. Stable mild residual medial right basilar airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. No definite pneumothorax. No displaced fracture. Small rounded radiopaque density within the posterior superficial subcutaneous fat XXXX represents projectile fragment.." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Feeding tube passes below the left hemidiaphragm. Left subclavian central line tip is at the upper SVC. Shunt tubing courses along the anterior left hemithorax. There is grossly stable left lower lobe consolidation. Stable mild residual medial right basilar airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2941_IM-1342/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR2997_IM-1381/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3051_IM-1420/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3072_IM-1433/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting and fissural thickening, interstitial opacities greatest in the central lungs and bases with indistinct vascular margination. Dense right lower lobe nodule and right hilar calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Left-sided medication injection XXXX has its tip projecting at the cavoatrial junction. The trachea is midline. Extensive bilateral bronchiectasis, cystic changes, and scarring represents sequela from the patient's cystic fibrosis. No evidence of focal pulmonary infiltrate or pleural effusion. No large pneumothorax has developed in the interim. The overlying bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. The heart size is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting and fissural thickening, interstitial opacities greatest in the central lungs and bases with indistinct vascular margination. Dense right lower lobe nodule and right hilar calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR309_IM-1444/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. No focal lung consolidation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3103_IM-1454/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable and unremarkable. Stable eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. There is redemonstration without significant interval change of mild subsegmental atelectasis of the left base. Pneumonia seen on CT examination dated XXXX, XXXX (not seen on prior chest x-XXXX) is not seen either on XXXX chest x-XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3128_IM-1471/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX XXXX from prior granulomatous disease. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. No focal consolidations, effusions, or pneumothoraces. No acute bony abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no significant abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR317_IM-1493/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Normal mediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No suspicious focal air space opacity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3182_IM-1501-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a moderate amount of retained contrast within the distal esophagus. There is no evidence of aspiration. A 3.0 cm nodule is present within the right hilum. No moderate to large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3195_IM-1506-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a left base opacity. The right lung is grossly clear. Heart size is normal. Left venous catheter with tip in the right atrium. There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR321_IM-1516-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are XXXX opacities in the left lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. XXXX opacities overlying the left lung base on the frontal XXXX XXXX reflect epicardial fat XXXX and overlying breast tissue. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3230_IM-1527/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX opacities in the lung bases are slightly worse XXXX compared to prior study. Lung volumes are low. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX are normal. There no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. The patient is status post XXXX sternotomy. There calcifications of the thoracic aorta. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Low lung volumes and patient rotation. Given differences in technique, heart size XXXX within normal limits. Persistent right basilar opacity, XXXX atelectasis. No suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Mild degenerative change of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX opacities in the lung bases are slightly worse XXXX compared to prior study. Lung volumes are low. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX are normal. There no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. The patient is status post XXXX sternotomy. There calcifications of the thoracic aorta. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. This means that the heart and lungs appear to be functioning normally, without any signs of immediate or severe issues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3252_IM-1542/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. Cardiac valve replacement. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No evidence of airspace opacity. No effusion or noncalcified nodules. No evidence of pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac contours are normal. Cardiac valve replacement. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3258_IM-1544/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The XXXX are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3259_IM-1545/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal heart. Calcified right hilar granulomas. No focal infiltrate. Midline trachea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a large calcified granuloma in the right apex. Mild patchy opacities are seen in the upper lung zones bilaterally similar to prior studies. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Scoliosis and arthritic changes of the spine are present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal heart. Calcified right hilar granulomas. No focal infiltrate. Midline trachea. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3305_IM-1581/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are hyperinflated with biapical pleural-parenchymal scarring and upward retraction of the XXXX, similar to the prior study. There are multiple reticular-nodular opacities in the upper lobes bilaterally which appear grossly stable from the prior study. There is no evidence of XXXX, focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a right PICC with tip overlying the right brachiocephalic vein. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. No overt pulmonary edema. There are streaky bibasilar opacities. No large pleural effusion. The right hemidiaphragm is elevated. No pneumothorax is identified. There are degenerative changes of the spine. Bilateral surgical clips are noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are hyperinflated with biapical pleural-parenchymal scarring and upward retraction of the XXXX, similar to the prior study. There are multiple reticular-nodular opacities in the upper lobes bilaterally which appear grossly stable from the prior study. There is no evidence of XXXX, focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of any immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3327_IM-1593/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. There is no obvious displaced rib fracture. If there is concern for fracture consider rib series. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. There is a focal opacity within the right upper lung. There is dense calcification of the thoracic aorta. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. There is no obvious displaced rib fracture. If there is concern for fracture consider rib series. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3342_IM-1603/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is XXXX increased opacity within the right upper lobe with possible mass and associated area of atelectasis or focal consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX opacity in the left midlung overlying the posterior left 5th rib may represent focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The patchy right lower lobe and left lower lobe interstitial infiltrates are largely unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates. Heart size remains large. Tracheostomy tube remains in the trachea. A right central line has its tip at the superior XXXX XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There is XXXX increased opacity within the right upper lobe with possible mass and associated area of atelectasis or focal consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX opacity in the left midlung overlying the posterior left 5th rib may represent focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR33_IM-1576/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rotated apical lordotic frontal projection, mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. No definite focal alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits, heavily calcified and mildly tortuous aorta. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Rotated apical lordotic frontal projection, mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. No definite focal alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits, heavily calcified and mildly tortuous aorta. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3439_IM-1664/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes of the spine are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes of the spine are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3478_IM-1690/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3515_IM-1715/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. A calcified small granuloma is present in the left lower lobe. Heart size normal. Mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3539_IM-1731/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. The lungs are clear without pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The trachea is midline and XXXX." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR355_IM-1739/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patchy right lower lobe and left lower lobe interstitial infiltrates are largely unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates. Heart size remains large. Tracheostomy tube remains in the trachea. A right central line has its tip at the superior XXXX XXXX. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lung volumes are low. Prominent increased interstitial markings in both lungs are unchanged in the interval. Bullae are present both upper lobes, right worse than left. No pleural air collections. Heart size normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patchy right lower lobe and left lower lobe interstitial infiltrates are largely unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates. Heart size remains large. Tracheostomy tube remains in the trachea. A right central line has its tip at the superior XXXX XXXX. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3560_IM-1745/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3599_IM-1775/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are intact midline sternotomy XXXX and postsurgical changes of prior CABG. The aorta is unfolded. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR361_IM-1783/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs remain clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3632_IM-1799/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. XXXX opacities in the left lung base, XXXX atelectasis. The lateral view shows a XXXX left pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax. Stable bilateral apical pleural capping." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3641_IM-1805/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal contours, mediastinal clips, left base pleural-parenchymal irregularity compatible with scarring. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Chronic appearing left rib contour irregularities may be posttraumatic or postsurgical." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3644_IM-1807/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable XXXX XXXX, including elongation of the left ventricle and tortuous thoracic aorta. Subcarinal calcified lymph XXXX. XXXX lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3677_IM-1830/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX sternotomy XXXX remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size is within normal limits. Aorta is tortuous. Remainder of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lungs are clear bilaterally without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. XXXX sternotomy XXXX remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3807_IM-1917/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma is identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are stable postoperative changes of left thoracotomy and left upper lobectomy. The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma is identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3827_IM-1932/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3856_IM-1951/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "PA and lateral views. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. No effusions, consolidation or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3866_IM-1959-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Patchy airspace disease is noted within the right middle lobe. Subtle opacities are present within the lingula as well. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR392_IM-1993/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Interval resolution of left effusion. Central venous dialysis catheter unchanged in position. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3945_IM-2014/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is increased size of left pneumothorax, with XXXX partial collapse of the left upper and lower lobes. This pneumothorax measures up to 3.5 cm in maximum width at the apex. There is no significant mediastinal shift. The right lung remains clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is a small left pleural effusion/hemothorax. No focal air space opacities. No free subdiaphragmatic air." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute abnormalities. This means that there are no immediate or severe issues detected in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3970_IM-2031/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3980_IM-2039/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Evaluation is limited due to obscuration by the patient's arm on the lateral view. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular is unremarkable. XXXX are chronic, coarse interstitial lung markings. Peripheral opacity along the right mid lung XXXX reflects scar or a small amount of loculated pleural fluid or thickening. Otherwise negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Hyperlucent lungs with apical XXXX. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart size moderately enlarged. Mild left costophrenic XXXX blunting. Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, left greater than right. Right hemidiaphragm eventration noted. No typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Evaluation is limited due to obscuration by the patient's arm on the lateral view. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular is unremarkable. XXXX are chronic, coarse interstitial lung markings. Peripheral opacity along the right mid lung XXXX reflects scar or a small amount of loculated pleural fluid or thickening. Otherwise negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Hyperlucent lungs with apical XXXX. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3982_IM-2039/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. No focal bony abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR3983_IM-2039/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a left basilar airspace opacity. Right basilar atelectasis. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR40_IM-2050/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mild hyperexpansion of the lungs. Numerous bilateral rib deformities. No focal airspace disease. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax or effusion. Large, flowing anterior endplate osteophytes of the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR505_IM-2123/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No focal areas of consolidation. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. Osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. No focal areas of consolidation. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. Osseous structures intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR529_IM-2137/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Chronic appearing right mid clavicle injury. Visualized bony structures otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR585_IM-2181/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are prominent epicardial fat pads, unchanged from prior. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There is atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Unchanged streaky opacities in the bilateral costophrenic sulci XXXX represent chronic scarring or atelectasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR593_IM-2186/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. Stable small calcified granuloma left base. No XXXX acute findings/opacities/infiltrates noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Extensive degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mildly enlarged heart. Tortuous aorta. Aortic calcifications. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. Stable small calcified granuloma left base. No XXXX acute findings/opacities/infiltrates noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR609_IM-2197/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is rotated to left. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to interface between the heart and aerated lung. Patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis. No definite acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX XXXX are grossly intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The patient is rotated to left. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to interface between the heart and aerated lung. Patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis. No definite acute bone abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR616_IM-2200/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR655_IM-2231/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR662_IM-2238/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR677_IM-2249/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "PICC line catheter tip XXXX in the right atrium. Heart is not enlarged. Trachea and XXXX bronchi appear normal. Lungs are mildly under expanded. No pneumothorax. There are small areas of patchy density in the left lower lung XXXX. There is a larger area of XXXX patchy density in the right mid and lower lungs with right-sided pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR72_IM-2280/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR733_IM-2293-0001/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Right lower lung patchy opacities. Small right pneumothorax. Small right pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a dual-lumen right internal jugular central venous catheter, the distal tip projects over the right atrium. There is no apparent pneumothorax. There is no focal lung opacity or pleural effusion. There is stable right upper lung lucency. The cardiopulmonary mediastinal silhouettes are stable. The visualized osseous structures appear within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Right lower lung patchy opacities. Small right pneumothorax. Small right pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR742_IM-2298/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "XXXX focal opacity in the medial right lung base XXXX seen on the frontal view. No definite pleural effusion. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size, no typical findings of pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR810_IM-2343/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Scattered calcified granuloma. Degenerative changes the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR82_IM-2350/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Left axillary surgical clips unchanged Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR849_IM-2371/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size mildly enlarged, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are free of any focal airspace disease. In the left lung base, there is a 9 mm nodule that not definitively calcified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Heart size mildly enlarged, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR861_IM-2382/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are XXXX opacities in the lingula, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable appearance of the right aortic XXXX. Normal heart size. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal airspace opacity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are XXXX opacities in the lingula, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are degenerative changes of the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR897_IM-2406/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are patchy alveolar and interstitial opacities within the lung bases bilaterally representing an infectious etiology versus chronic lung disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There are atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. There are degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR945_IM-2440/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In the interval, consolidation has developed in the left upper lobe. Also, anterior segment XXXX opacity is present. Right lung remains clear. Heart size is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR974_IM-2463/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette size is at the upper limits of normal. Central vascular markings are mildly prominent. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Mild congestion without edema. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Redemonstrated are endplate depressions of the vertebral bodies, compatible with XXXX cell changes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The cardiac silhouette size is at the upper limits of normal. Central vascular markings are mildly prominent. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR976_IM-2464/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lung volumes are low. No infiltrates in the lungs. No pleural air collections. Sternotomy sutures and bypass graft markers are present. Heart size normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "", "image": "CXR982_IM-2470/0.png", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are postoperative changes of cervical spine fusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): 1. The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "da356d52-522f4027-87bf71f9-a9ee4996-ea735f4e", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. No signs of granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidations identified. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. No signs of granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute intrathoracic process, clear well-expanded lungs, and no focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax, granulomatous disease, or signs of cardiomediastinal abnormalities. The bony structures are also intact, and no free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "225bb728-6155e5c7-1d5756c7-629c2d3f-308f2408", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New right basilar opacities suggestive of atelectasis. Followup PA and\n lateral radiographs may be helpful to ensure resolution and to exclude the\n possibility of an early infectious pneumonia in the appropriate clinical\n setting. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. Heterogeneous right\n lower lobe opacity is most consistent with atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Persistent mild cardiomegaly is noted. Mediastinal contour\n and hila are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a new right IJ central line terminating in the mid to low SVC. The patient's ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exams. The lungs are well expanded, and there are diffusely increased interstitial markings in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "050b0481-40bac9ae-ecbb8c83-6251c674-f8dc69a7", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the effusion on the left\n has minimally increased in extent. On the right, the small pleural effusion\n is constant. Substantially improved are the signs previously indicative of\n interstitial lung edema. Fluid marking of the fissures persists. Unchanged\n evidence of moderate cardiomegaly with left basal atelectasis, unchanged\n position of the right pectoral Port-A-Cath." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fab89071-f6543b70-eaff3eb7-558c223b-f40a6d6f", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Status post CABG with interval improvement in now mild bilateral pulmonary\n edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post CABG and the mediastinum continues to demonstrate\n the expected postoperative appearance. A right IJ catheter terminates within\n the upper-mid SVC. A nasogastric tube courses into the stomach and out of view\n of the radiograph. As compared to the prior examination, the patient's\n bilateral pulmonary edema has improved and is now mild. Bilateral small\n pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis are noted. The upper lung fields\n are grossly clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with a tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with a side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a9c035a-33267a29-76c4b71b-04e91d63-e786f0ab", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right base opacity raises concern for consolidation, possibly due to infection or aspiration. 2. Chronic changes of COPD/pulmonary emphysema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The lungs remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base scarring suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. The patient is rotated to the right. New since the prior study, there is right basilar opacity, raising concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the costophrenic angles which may relate to the hyperinflated lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Post-surgical changes in the left upper chest, with no definite\n signs of pneumonia. Findings: Portable AP upright view of the chest was provided. There is again\n noted to be post-surgical change of the left lung apex with volume loss and\n leftward retraction of the mediastinal structures. There is also evidence of\n prior left upper rib cage resection with chest wall deformity evident. The\n right lung is hyperinflated with upper lobe lucency, likely reflecting\n underlying emphysema. Coarsened interstitial markings with micronodular\n opacity in the right lower lung likely reflect scarring and appears stable\n from prior exam. The left CP angle is excluded thus limiting evaluation. No\n definite new consolidation in the left lung to suggest the presence of\n pneumonia. The heart size appears stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right base opacity raises concern for consolidation, possibly due to infection or aspiration. 2. Chronic changes of COPD/pulmonary emphysema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The lungs remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base scarring suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. The patient is rotated to the right. New since the prior study, there is right basilar opacity, raising concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the costophrenic angles which may relate to the hyperinflated lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperinflated lungs with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base scarring, which are consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. Additionally, there is right basilar opacity, which raises concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged, and the aorta is tortuous. The costophrenic angles are slightly blunted, which may relate to the hyperinflated lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "515940a1-1597d869-4cd954d5-3c00a8fd-91659a8f", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Overall, these findings would be consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation. Unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. No other acute parenchymal change, in particular no evidence of recent pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. \n Sensitivity of routine chest radiography for rib fracture is low. This study\n is not tailored for evaluation of the left shoulder. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Overall, these findings would be consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation. Unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. No other acute parenchymal change, in particular no evidence of recent pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows unchanged evidence of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. These findings are consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation. Additionally, there is unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. No other acute parenchymal change is evident, such as recent pneumonia or pulmonary edema. The cardiac silhouette appears to be of normal size, and there is moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax are present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47bc92de-7c76c78d-2af6018d-6625e000-3f694250", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiographs. Dr. ___ ___ a preliminary report to Dr. ___ by phone at 12:15pm on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No radiographic explanation for chest pain. Findings: Since prior, there is no significant interval change. Heart size and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Chronic left rib\n fracture, again seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiographs. Dr. ___ ___ a preliminary report to Dr. ___ by phone at 12:15pm on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are also normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2aea6da8-c43d911f-f1ffde22-323a0ea8-ae72787f", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and the hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax, no pleural effusion, and pulmonary vascularity is normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9624358-214a129c-dc05b026-e49885ed-66224bdb", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Slight interval worsening of pulmonary edema with persistent left lower lobe\n atelectasis. Multiple bilateral small rounded opacities, new since ___, are most likely engorged vessels, but follow-up is recommended after\n resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest. Heart size and mediastinal contours are\n stable. Left lower lobe atelectasis persists. Pulmonary vascular markings\n have increased and the hila appear indistinct and hazy, findings consistent\n with interval worsening of pulmonary edema. In addition, multiple widely\n distributed small rounded opacities were not seen on ___ and,\n given the short time interval, likely represent vascular structures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures appear unchanged. The endotracheal tube, nasogastric tube, and left internal jugular catheter are in place. There are no concerning bone findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fc7bf88-79d4deaf-2efe8540-6361e421-37a2c6fa", "image": "p16/p16319384/s53447884/69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Emphysema with mild congestion and edema. Bibasal atelectasis, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Parenchymal abnormality including emphysema with mild interstitial disease\n appears stable. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial\n edema. Scarring at the left lung base also unchanged. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is noted. The aortic knob is calcified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures appear unchanged, and there are no concerning bone findings. The endotracheal tube, nasogastric tube, and left internal jugular catheter remain in place." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eab0888d-6b3b2814-4f0e59da-6f0c9408-d4cab1b0", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Basal lung scarring as on recent CT abdomen pelvis. Top-normal heart size. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Areas of basal scarring are unchanged from recent prior CT. Otherwise lungs are clear. The heart is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable left lung asymmetry in a patient who has had left upper\n lobectomy and thoracotomy. Improvement of left lung base opacity with\n improved lung ventilation. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest shows stable left lung asymmetry\n due to left upper lobectomy, the left lung base opacity is minimally improved\n since ___ due to increased lung ventilation. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The posterior left\n chest wall osteotomy is due to thoracotomy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Basal lung scarring as on recent CT abdomen pelvis. Top-normal heart size. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Areas of basal scarring are unchanged from recent prior CT. Otherwise lungs are clear. The heart is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows basal lung scarring, which is unchanged from recent prior CT. The heart size is top-normal, and the mediastinal contours are unremarkable. The bony structures appear to be intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c19b1845-8b30cfe3-2ddb71ae-c687d110-276dccce", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The examination is limited by poor penetration likely secondary to the patient's body habitus. Within this limitation, the lungs appear well expanded without focal consolidation to suggest infectious process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes that accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart and tortuosity of\n the aorta. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The examination is limited by poor penetration likely secondary to the patient's body habitus. Within this limitation, the lungs appear well expanded without focal consolidation to suggest infectious process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows well-expanded lungs without focal consolidation, which suggests an absence of an infectious process. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. The heart and mediastinal contours appear unchanged." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c9ec94e-27e09fa4-bfa23b4a-097d03bb-a6f67389", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Small right pleural effusion. Otherwise, normal. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline sternotomy wires are again seen along with mediastinal clips. There is a tiny right pleural effusion. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. No signs of edema or pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac silhouette is upper limits of normal in size and\n accompanied by pulmonary vascular engorgement and slight perivascular\n indistinctness. Subtle basilar predominant interstitial opacities are visible\n in the right lung base and may reflect interstitial edema. Moderate left and\n small right pleural effusions are again demonstrated with adjacent basilar\n opacities which may reflect atelectasis and/or consolidation. This has\n slightly improved at the right base and is unchanged on the left." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Small right pleural effusion. Otherwise, normal. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline sternotomy wires are again seen along with mediastinal clips. There is a tiny right pleural effusion. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. No signs of edema or pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small right pleural effusion, which is a collection of fluid in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. The lungs appear clear, with no signs of edema or pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal, and the bony structures are intact. Additionally, there are midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc37ee77-09d0c8aa-9c6a813c-7d3bf233-057edd33", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Lung volumes continue to be low but are slightly improved compared to the study from two days prior. There is improved aeration at the bases and decreased vascular plethora, however, there is still an element of pulmonary vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegaly. Thus, mild fluid overload is likely. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New enteric tube tip in the mid stomach.\n Otherwise stable Findings: All enteric tube tip in the mid stomach. Endotracheal tube tip in good\n position. Right IJ central line, introducer sheath in place, similar. \n Increased heart size, pulmonary vascularity. Interstitial prominence, likely\n edema. Bilateral pleural effusions, stable. Bilateral lower lung opacities,\n likely atelectasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Lung volumes continue to be low but are slightly improved compared to the study from two days prior. There is improved aeration at the bases and decreased vascular plethora, however, there is still an element of pulmonary vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegaly. Thus, mild fluid overload is likely. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild fluid overload, which is a condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. This can be caused by various factors, such as heart failure, lung injury, or infection. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of the fluid overload." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93318c78-1b671842-1af554f7-52f54a25-91a64acf", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Possible developing opacity in the right midlung zone. This may represents a pneumonia. Recommend short interval followup with a repeat chest radiograph in 12 hours. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is a possible developing opacity in the right mid lung zone. There is no pulmonary edema. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle is likely due to the small pleural effusion, which was better assessed on the lateral chest radiograph from one day earlier. There is no definite left pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The slight apparent enlargement of the heart is likely due to the AP technique. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute focal pneumonia. Right apical pleural and parenchymal\n abnormalities again seen, most likely related to previous infection and\n scarring.\n \n Continued hyperinflation of the lungs consistent with chronic pulmonary\n disease. No vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Possible developing opacity in the right midlung zone. This may represents a pneumonia. Recommend short interval followup with a repeat chest radiograph in 12 hours. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is a possible developing opacity in the right mid lung zone. There is no pulmonary edema. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle is likely due to the small pleural effusion, which was better assessed on the lateral chest radiograph from one day earlier. There is no definite left pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The slight apparent enlargement of the heart is likely due to the AP technique. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperexpansion of the lungs, a possible developing opacity in the right mid lung zone, and no pulmonary edema. Additionally, there is no definite left pleural effusion, no pneumothorax, and a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. The slight apparent enlargement of the heart is likely due to the AP technique." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05a331ae-17b42621-787f72cc-ebadd560-6d2586c0", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Given\n this, there appears to be mild central vascular pulmonary engorgement. Soft\n tissue overlying the lung base likely causes underpenetration. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No definite focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0529ab99-080ef67b-361cbaf0-1c178d58-07c13add", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of trauma. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is rotated. No fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of trauma. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is rotated. No fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The patient is rotated, and no fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate, and the lung fields appear clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e05ca1d-9916266c-c58cb1a6-0acf8d1c-bf213534", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated and appear clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. Partially visualized are degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint. Thoracic spine aligns normally with mild degenerative spurring. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiograph Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated and appear clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. Partially visualized are degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint. Thoracic spine aligns normally with mild degenerative spurring. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute intrathoracic process detected. The lungs are hyperinflated and clear, with no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal, and the imaged osseous structures are intact. Degenerative changes are partially visualized at the right glenohumeral joint, and the thoracic spine aligns normally with mild degenerative spurring. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "451a20c9-4cebf6f8-2b833fda-30b69220-dca29a9d", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are well-expanded and clear, and the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Additionally, there is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b900027-eae3a3b7-e4d8b930-1b7322f7-2efeef42", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiographs.\n \n Dr. ___ ___ a preliminary report to Dr. ___ by phone at 12:15pm on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is also normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b29bb966-45c209b8-1dee89af-5f791df9-481fe9f4", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings suggesting slight fluid overload. Right lower lung opacity, not specific, atelectasis versus contusion could be considered. Findings: Lung volumes are low, accounting for some bronchovascular crowding. Patchy right basiliar opacity could be seen with atelectasis. Mild pulmonary upper zone redistribution suggest pulmonary venous hypertension. The heart appears enlarged, although this study is not tailored for assessment of cardiac size. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: The NG tube is in the midesophagus. The subsequent film dictated prior to\n this study shows the NG tube was advanced to the appropriate position. Findings: The lungs are only partially visualized on this study. Lower lungs appear\n unchanged without wall focal consolidations or pleural effusions. The\n partially visualized cardiomediastinal contours appear stable. The NG tube is\n visualized in the thorax likely coiled in the mid esophagus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings suggesting slight fluid overload. Right lower lung opacity, not specific, atelectasis versus contusion could be considered. Findings: Lung volumes are low, accounting for some bronchovascular crowding. Patchy right basiliar opacity could be seen with atelectasis. Mild pulmonary upper zone redistribution suggest pulmonary venous hypertension. The heart appears enlarged, although this study is not tailored for assessment of cardiac size. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows findings that are consistent with the impression provided. The image reveals a right lower lung opacity, which could be due to atelectasis or contusion. Additionally, there is mild pulmonary upper zone redistribution, suggesting pulmonary venous hypertension. The heart appears enlarged, although the study is not tailored for assessment of cardiac size. There is no evidence of pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce1b5d74-954f2a25-a1265c40-1c05ecf0-9d2a535f", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is new retrocardiac opacity consistent with left lower lobe pneumonia. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted with stable blunting of the right CP angle suggesting small right pleural effusion versus pleural thickening. No pneumothorax. No edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild vascular congestion without overt edema or focal\n consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Blunting of the right lateral costophrenic angle\n is chronic and likely due to component pleural scarring. Superimposed trace\n effusions are also possible. Streaky left basilar opacities are likely\n atelectasis. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema.\n Cardiac enlargement is stable compared to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is new retrocardiac opacity consistent with left lower lobe pneumonia. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted with stable blunting of the right CP angle suggesting small right pleural effusion versus pleural thickening. No pneumothorax. No edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows new retrocardiac opacity consistent with left lower lobe pneumonia. Additionally, there is mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, which may indicate a small right pleural effusion or pleural thickening. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0517bdf0-af54f3aa-559609d8-b886767d-0c994e31", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary\n edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows shallow inspiration, bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, a tiny right pleural effusion, and borderline heart size. Pulmonary vascularity is accentuated by shallow inspiration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c75317be-225faf00-b7bccd06-b199a930-a4ef45ff", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Slight interval decrease in right-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided pleural effusion has minimally decreased. Right-sided adjacent\n atelectasis and fluid along the fissure have also decreased. The left lung is\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Numerous calcified\n lesions in the right chest wall are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows shallow inspiration, bibasilar opacities, tiny right pleural effusion, and borderline heart size. Pulmonary vascularity is accentuated by shallow inspiration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3eb3bf96-c5401aea-07178eee-c43e5e80-600f6a33", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. If it is a better\n visualization is desired, repeat radiographs with abdominal technique can be\n performed. Findings: The NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. Diffuse\n bilateral pulmonary opacifications are again seen, unchanged from prior exam.\n ET tube and right IJ central line are in stable position from prior exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. Additionally, there is an enteric tube terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, which is recommended to be advanced by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc77150b-061bf4d5-09e23a26-52d9ada0-45856897", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities which are most likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Left subclavian central venous catheter is stable. Lung volumes are reduced,\n and the cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. Basilar lung haziness is\n likely fluid or atelectasis. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities which are most likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits, and no acute osseous abnormalities were identified. Additionally, surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f075ce73-c9417eb6-96794bef-5c430ca4-d3026797", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates in this patient with history of the thrombocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding portable chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable. There exists, however, some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. There is mild left base atelectasis. There is\n slight increase in the interstitial markings bilaterally, which may relate to\n low lung volumes and minimal interstitial edema; however, an atypical\n infectious process cannot be excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates in this patient with history of the thrombocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding portable chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable. There exists, however, some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion, or acute infiltrates. The heart size remains within normal limits, and no configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested, and no signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present. The lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free, and no pneumothorax in the apical area is identified. The skeletal structures of the thorax appear grossly unremarkable, but there is some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb12f610-81c4f11d-89fa082e-653ba4ff-ae31e112", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval removal of endotracheal tube and nasogastric tube as well chest\n tubes. Right IJ catheter persists at the cavoatrial junction. No visualized\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax, which is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Additionally, the left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in the upper atrium." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91b36d79-326b86ae-773d6a6f-2d9a9401-bfe405dc", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis rather than\n consolidation due to pneumonia. Findings: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours, normal pulmonary vasculature, and a 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs appears clear without focal consolidation. There are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "468df880-10005e8e-d4fa6433-d08fa89c-7b141448", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are bilateral\n pleural effusions with evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n superimposed pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n The right IJ catheter extends at least to the cavoatrial junction and quite\n probably into the upper portion of the right atrium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f997d60-cf0331fe-18c6ed7f-d56768f9-1fac8323", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: There has been interval removal of the right internal jugular Swan-Ganz\n catheter with the introducer sheath remaining in place. Interval placement of\n a left internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter which has its tip in the right\n pulmonary artery. A nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm\n with the tip not identified. No pneumothorax is seen. There continues to be\n perihilar fullness and pulmonary vascular indistinctness consistent with mild\n pulmonary edema. Overall, aeration has improved at the right base but the\n left basilar opacity is unchanged and likely reflects lower lobe atelectasis\n in the setting of a layering effusion. Status post median sternotomy with\n stable postoperative cardiac and mediastinal contours. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 14:12 is submitted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. Additionally, there is an enteric tube terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, which is recommended to be advanced by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cbfd7625-9544bc09-c925c328-d7fe32ae-a29d64ef", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings suggest mild vascular congestion. No definite rib fracture identified. Dedicated rib series would be more sensitive to detect rib fracture if needed clinically. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild to moderate cardiac enlargement including a left ventricular configuration. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Streaky scarring in the lingula is unchanged. Fissures are slightly thickened, which is somewhat increased suggesting mild vascular congestion. There is a new trace pleural effusion on the left. Slight pleural thickening of the right is probably unchanged. Increased interstitial opacity in the right lower lung, although regional, may represent vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No definite fracture is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: small bilateral effusions, increased compared to prior. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette appear similar compared to the study\n from 3 days ago. There small bilateral pleural effusions which have slightly\n increased in the interval. This is particularly apparent on the lateral\n films. Otherwise no significant change. There is no focal infiltrate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings suggest mild vascular congestion. No definite rib fracture identified. Dedicated rib series would be more sensitive to detect rib fracture if needed clinically. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild to moderate cardiac enlargement including a left ventricular configuration. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Streaky scarring in the lingula is unchanged. Fissures are slightly thickened, which is somewhat increased suggesting mild vascular congestion. There is a new trace pleural effusion on the left. Slight pleural thickening of the right is probably unchanged. Increased interstitial opacity in the right lower lung, although regional, may represent vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No definite fracture is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild to moderate cardiac enlargement, a mildly tortuous and calcified aorta, and mild vascular congestion. Additionally, there is a trace pleural effusion on the left, slight pleural thickening of the right, and increased interstitial opacity in the right lower lung. No definite rib fracture is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b257a97-dad6f2e3-a20a3c51-1c6250d0-7024d6d4", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The exact position of right PICC line is not assessed in this study, but possibly extends beyond the lower SVC. Recommended repeat radiograph after retracting the PICC by 3cm. The remainder of the cardiopulmonary findings are unchanged. Findings discussed with Dr.___ at 5:15 p.m on ___ . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Chronic changes in the lungs without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Increased interstitial markings seen at the periphery of the lung, right\n greater than left compatible with previously noted subpleural fibrotic\n changes. There is no new focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The exact position of right PICC line is not assessed in this study, but possibly extends beyond the lower SVC. Recommended repeat radiograph after retracting the PICC by 3cm. The remainder of the cardiopulmonary findings are unchanged. Findings discussed with Dr.___ at 5:15 p.m on ___ . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows cardiopulmonary findings that are unchanged from the previous study. The exact position of the right PICC line is not assessed in this study, but it is possible that the PICC line extends beyond the lower superior vena cava (SVC). A repeat radiograph is recommended after retracting the PICC line by 3cm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "013d509d-3aabeff2-5f8a03ca-0fa9071b-9475198d", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The patient is rotated, limiting assessment. The mediastinum is normal in size\n and contour. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hila are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax lungs are expanded and clear without\n focal consolidation. Gaseous distention of multiple bowel loops is noted in\n the upper abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Additionally, no acute osseous abnormality was found in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f821554-6b546bda-9be33494-4aa387db-9b020bb1", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New small left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis but in the appropriate clinical setting pneumonia can be considered. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a new small left pleural effusion. Possible left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. No pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New small left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis but in the appropriate clinical setting pneumonia can be considered. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a new small left pleural effusion. Possible left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. No pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a new small left pleural effusion and possible left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f64e7f86-3a69ce7c-1bca8f45-3fb972a4-a7f54583", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar\n distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are\n nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the\n heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated\n predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted\n on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows well-expanded lungs without any focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal, and the bones are intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a7f9061-9eef6733-e94cb29b-c4088494-9177b82f", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. Minimal atelectasis is noted in\n the lung bases. The heart is normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are\n normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute intrathoracic abnormalities detected. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal, and there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efb1eddb-0ef61d1a-e71c7c6a-9885a19f-d756d9ca", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usual expected position. Stable\n cardiomegaly and improvement in pulmonary edema. Findings: Heart size is enlarged and stable. Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter\n is appropriately positioned. Pulmonary edema has improved. Small left pleural\n effusion is stable. Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is 1.2 cm from the apex of\n the aortic knob." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e226c3f-39058bce-2bf559f3-119d4b1c-3b18c1e4", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure. 2. Possible right lung fibrotic changes. Findings: There are stable linear opacities at the right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Fibrotic changes are seen along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate position is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. No new areas of\n airspace consolidation. The cardiomediastinal shadow is unchanged. No pleural\n effusions. Mild coarsening of the interstitial markings persist." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure. 2. Possible right lung fibrotic changes. Findings: There are stable linear opacities at the right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Fibrotic changes are seen along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate position is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable linear opacities at the right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Additionally, fibrotic changes are seen along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal, and there is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and a cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate position is again noted." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "448e62e9-12a35130-5cc19fc9-f7d8b729-5751bf9c", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia. Findings: The multifocal bilateral opacities have essentially completely resolved since ___. Left pleural effusion has also completely resolved. Residual background emphysematous changes most prominent in the right upper lung with scarring and pleural thickening as well as background post-left upper lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm are unchanged compared to ___. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle reflects thickening/scarring. A calcified perihilar node is unchanged. The heart is normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous, unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of thoracic spine is overall similar with similar distortion of thoracic cage. Prominent degenerative changes in the thoracic spine are also overall unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are relatively\n low lung volumes. Areas of increased opacification is seen at the bases,\n suggestive of atelectatic change. There is evidence of a right pleural\n effusion. No definite acute focal pneumonia, though this could be well hidden\n on the radiographs are presented." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia. Findings: The multifocal bilateral opacities have essentially completely resolved since ___. Left pleural effusion has also completely resolved. Residual background emphysematous changes most prominent in the right upper lung with scarring and pleural thickening as well as background post-left upper lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm are unchanged compared to ___. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle reflects thickening/scarring. A calcified perihilar node is unchanged. The heart is normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous, unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of thoracic spine is overall similar with similar distortion of thoracic cage. Prominent degenerative changes in the thoracic spine are also overall unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows complete resolution of pneumonia and pleural effusion. However, there are residual background emphysematous changes, scarring, and pleural thickening in the right upper lung, as well as post-left upper lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Additionally, there is blunting of the left costophrenic angle, a calcified perihilar node, and prominent degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. The heart is normal in size, and the descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous, unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of the thoracic spine is overall similar with similar distortion of the thoracic cage." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79632435-0693e0d0-9f3a1293-1663b451-127421df", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Slight improvement of left lingular opacity with new opacities in the right and left upper lobe, suggestive of worsening bronchopneumonia. Findings: New nodular opacities in the right upper and left upper lobes when compared to the prior. The lingular opacity is slightly less conspicuous. The heart is not enlarged. No adenopathy. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable appearance of the mediastinum with the neoesophagus. \n Lungs are clear. No pneumonia/aspiration. Findings: Mild mediastinal widening on the right side is from an air-filled\n neoesophagus which has an unchanged appearance since ___. Both\n lungs are well expanded and clear. No evidence to suggest aspiration or\n pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is normal, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Slight improvement of left lingular opacity with new opacities in the right and left upper lobe, suggestive of worsening bronchopneumonia. Findings: New nodular opacities in the right upper and left upper lobes when compared to the prior. The lingular opacity is slightly less conspicuous. The heart is not enlarged. No adenopathy. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows new nodular opacities in the right upper and left upper lobes, which may indicate worsening bronchopneumonia. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd887488-95c00556-1dbb3798-7a3c05a2-0c60eacc", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute findings. Stable retrocardiac opacity compatible with scarring in the\n left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Chronic scarring in the left\n lower lobe accounts for retrocardiac opacity. No new consolidation is seen. No\n evidence of edema, large effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities detected. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal, and the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f56565b1-4dff7a18-f696ea91-96947d34-0faf11b6", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and bibasilar atelectasis are stable from ___. No evidence of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated with linear streaky opacities at the lung bases,\n likely representing atelectasis.Heart size is moderately enlarged but stable.\n Aortic and tricuspid valve prostheses are in unchanged location. Moderate\n calcification of the aortic knob is again noted. No focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Median sternal wires are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87d13784-35495ec2-cffeda97-23cf108b-c05e835b", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Very low lung volumes have slightly decreased since ___. \n Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities most likely represent atelectasis. A\n small left pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is unchanged since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low, which is only slightly worsened since ___. This accentuates the\n cardiac silhouette which appears stably enlarged. There is mild vascular\n congestion, but no overt pulmonary edema. The mediastinal contour is stable;\n the pulmonary artery is enlarged. Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax is seen. There are clips in the left upper quadrant of the\n abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax seen in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e26851f-86034c0c-3c1b4167-5d391b8b-e57ddc3c", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs are clear. Small anterior osteophytes are similar along the mid\n thoracic spine. One finding that is different since ___ is a small\n ossification interposed between the coracoid process of the left scapula and\n the nearby clavicle, which may be post-traumatic, but does not appear to\n represent an acute finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities detected. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob, and pulmonary vascularity is normal with grossly clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. However, eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present, and there are marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "809c72b2-39df536d-93ec5dbf-ac5f8f71-95414ea7", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. There again is some increase in opacification in the perihilar\n and infrahilar region on the left. This again could reflect an area of\n consolidation.\n \n The area of subtle opacity in the right lower lung is again seen, which also\n could reflect an infectious focus." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear, and pulmonary vascularity is normal. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax present, and no acute osseous abnormalities are detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ae4351b-7e72e14c-eb8194a8-855b4a50-9f496411", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. Aside from mild vascular crowding at the lung bases, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or radiopaque foreign body. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. Aside from mild vascular crowding at the lung bases, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild vascular crowding at the lung bases, but no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceca213c-88ded0e6-ac5306af-5de899b7-3c6dbaca", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Ill defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib not seen on lateral views for which additional imaging with CT is recommended. 2. No findings to suggest lymphadenopathy. These findings were communicated to the ordering physician via ___ critical findings website at the time findings were reviewed. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate an ill-defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib, not seen on lateral views. For this, additional imaging with chest CT is recommended. The lungs are otherwise well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Consolidation (likely pneumonia) in the left lower lobe with\n associated small pleural effusion. Findings: Since the prior film, there is a new small left-sided pleural\n effusion with a left lower lobe consolidation. The right lung remains clear. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate secondary to pleural\n effusion and consolidation. The bones are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Ill defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib not seen on lateral views for which additional imaging with CT is recommended. 2. No findings to suggest lymphadenopathy. These findings were communicated to the ordering physician via ___ critical findings website at the time findings were reviewed. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate an ill-defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib, not seen on lateral views. For this, additional imaging with chest CT is recommended. The lungs are otherwise well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an ill-defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib, not seen on lateral views. This finding suggests that there may be an abnormality in that area, and further evaluation with chest CT is recommended to better understand the nature of the opacity and determine the appropriate course of action." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58486732-601a466c-04f4fd39-26bf4291-8cf57364", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Limited exam, no acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views the chest. Subtle prominence of the right hilar\n bronchovascular markings may reflect AP technique. No definite consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. No overt edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. No acute bony injuries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and there is no consolidation or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits, and no acute osseous abnormalities are observed." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a10435e-e43147f5-c4986cba-35836a58-b4b70cd6", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Apparent rightward deviation of trachea. Repeat radiograph with\n the neck in neutral position may be helpful to differentiate the effects of\n rotation from tracheal displacement from a fixed abnormality such as an\n adjacent thyroid mass. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. Calcified lymph nodes are present in the right\n hilar region as well as a calcified granuloma in the right upper lobe. Patchy\n opacity in left retrocardiac region is new, and may reflects patchy\n atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. Acute aspiration is an\n additional consideration in the appropriate clinical setting. Note is also\n made of apparent rightward deviation of the trachea, at the level of the\n thoracic inlet. This is difficult to evaluate on a portable radiograph,\n particularly as the patient's neck appears to be turned towards the right on\n this exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion, which occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. Additionally, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax on the right side." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5c3470b-be30e581-14b6f2be-8eb54504-adeaa406", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged. Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Prominence of the hila could be due to vascular engorgement,\n although underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded. Findings could be further\n evaluated on non-urgent chest CT. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the hila raising concern for vascular engorgement, although\n underlying lymphadenopathy may be present and could be further evaluated for\n on chest CT. No focal consolidation is seen. There is minimal pulmonary\n vascular congestion. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged. Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, which is unchanged from the previous report. The lungs appear to be well expanded and clear, with no pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb3f07a8-beb19591-79af0942-6ba135e7-d3e24bb7", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent right-sided pleural effusion with platelike atelectasis. Please note that superimposed infection cannot be entirely excluded however overall appearance is similar compared to priors. Findings: There is a persistent right-sided pleural effusion. Linear platelike atelectasis is identified at the right lung base and also at the left costophrenic angle. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. There is no edema or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: COPD with left upper lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Please note,\n follow-up to resolution is strongly recommended to exclude underlying\n malignant process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n There is left lung volume loss with increased left upper lung opacity\n concerning for pneumonia. Scarring in the right apex is noted. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal\n contour is within normal limits. Aortic calcification is present. Bony\n structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent right-sided pleural effusion with platelike atelectasis. Please note that superimposed infection cannot be entirely excluded however overall appearance is similar compared to priors. Findings: There is a persistent right-sided pleural effusion. Linear platelike atelectasis is identified at the right lung base and also at the left costophrenic angle. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. There is no edema or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a persistent right-sided pleural effusion and linear platelike atelectasis at the right lung base and also at the left costophrenic angle. The superior part of the lungs appears clear, and there is no edema or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits, and no acute osseous abnormalities are identified." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "256d4a58-b4233463-d61ffb45-16099de5-b37ef7e6", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior\n study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs\n are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent\n right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is\n chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring is noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications, there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edema. The heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87c987cb-bf4d5e2a-f57b9ffb-a5d3f1b3-2a752ed8", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. The heart size is normal, and the hilar and mediastinal contours are also normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ad714a9-437bbce6-a694ad02-05512130-333e99af", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is accentuated as result, appearing mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary edema. Minimal patchy opacities within the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected on this supine exam. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lateral\n views are suboptimal due to patient positioning and underpenetration. It is\n difficult to exclude bilateral pleural effusions. Low lung volumes persist on\n the frontal view, with elevated right hemidiaphragm. There is prominence of\n the interstitium, suggesting interstitial edema. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Surgical clips project over the right aspect of the\n mediastinum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is accentuated as result, appearing mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary edema. Minimal patchy opacities within the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected on this supine exam. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, which may be associated with probable bibasilar atelectasis. The heart size appears mildly enlarged, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary edema. Minimal patchy opacities within the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is detected on this supine exam. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3a30ee6-a23b54c0-6b4d9444-3703233d-1f7a5a46", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The nasogastric tube extends to the lower body of the stomach, though it may be slightly coil upon itself distally. There is continued diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications that may have worsened since the earlier study. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: The tip of the right internal jugular central venous catheter projects over\n the right atrium.\n \n Low bilateral lung volumes. Retrocardiac opacity likely reflects postop\n atelectasis. Findings: The tip of the right internal jugular central venous catheter projects over\n the right atrium.\n \n Low bilateral lung volumes and. There is a new retrocardiac opacity likely\n reflective of atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n The size the cardiac silhouette is enlarged, likely exaggerated by the low\n lung volumes and AP technique." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The nasogastric tube extends to the lower body of the stomach, though it may be slightly coil upon itself distally. There is continued diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications that may have worsened since the earlier study. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a nasogastric tube extending to the lower body of the stomach, which may be slightly coiled upon itself distally. Additionally, there are continued diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications that may have worsened since the earlier study." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61fee867-8392b680-a5aba632-e3f3b946-900eddd5", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant interval change noting left perihilar mass with subsequent left\n lower lobe collapse and opacities in the aerated left upper lobe. Findings: Better delineated on recent CT scan is a left hilar mass compatible with\n patient's known malignancy with complete left lower lobe collapse is again\n seen. Scattered opacity in the aerated left upper lobe are compatible with\n opacity seen on recent CT. The right lung is grossly clear. Mediastinal shift\n to the left is as seen on prior. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device and\n right Port-A-Cath are again seen. Widespread metastatic disease is better seen\n on prior CT scan." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a decrease in the left pleural effusion, which is still substantial. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d58d0e27-e1c60eac-ce1656c7-d7b99a45-484b6ea5", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly with tiny left pleural effusion versus pleural thickening. No\n findings to account for acute chest pain. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. Mild\n cardiomegaly is noted. There is subtle blunting of the left CP angle\n suggesting a tiny effusion or pleural thickening. The lungs appear clear\n without focal consolidation or edema. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal contour\n is normal. Bony structures are intact. Partially imaged spinal hardware is\n again noted in the lumbar spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours, normal pulmonary vasculature, and a 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs appears clear without focal consolidation. There are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d275e1c7-ddf3bda8-85dc221d-4c9b4fc3-17f8a621", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The hilar structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and there is no evidence of free air beneath the diaphragm. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable, and no pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80ebdd2c-d387828d-89e90960-df690604-91bd8696", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone thoracocentesis. The extent of the pleural effusion on the right has substantially decreased. However, a relatively large basal amount of effusion is still visible. There is an opacity at the right lung base, reflecting atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible. Unchanged normal appearance of the left lung. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear aside from\n minor unchanged scarring in the lingula." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone thoracocentesis. The extent of the pleural effusion on the right has substantially decreased. However, a relatively large basal amount of effusion is still visible. There is an opacity at the right lung base, reflecting atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible. Unchanged normal appearance of the left lung. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a decrease in the extent of the pleural effusion on the right side. However, there is still a relatively large basal amount of effusion visible. Additionally, there is an opacity at the right lung base, which could be due to atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible, and the left lung appears normal. The cardiac silhouette is also of normal size." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9cf7fd7-7209115e-f7497506-5548d12f-30259e65", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis\n and pleural chest catheter in place. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate similar\n configuration as a right basal approach pleural catheter in place. There is a\n persistent small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis and a\n small perifissural component. Previously seen pneumothorax component in the\n right basal hydropneumothorax is no longer visible. The right upper lung and\n left lung appear well aerated. There is no pulmonary edema or left pleural\n effusion. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Multilevel upper thoracic anterior spondylosis is\n present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a decrease in the left pleural effusion, which is still substantial. There is a small pleural effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are present. Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium. The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the appropriate clinical setting." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b855f21-6bd34ead-a839a055-cfb4b29a-2a914e01", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant change in bibasilar opacities and pulmonary\n vascular congestion compared to study done yesterday. Findings: One portable AP view of the chest. Patient is post left left upper\n lobe resection with thoracoplasty. Top normal heart size is stable. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Bibasilar opacities are unchanged.\n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is also unchanged. Severe emphysematous\n changes are again seen. Biapical scarring is unchanged. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung, which is a finding of interest. However, it is important to note that the diagnostic information from the reference reports should not be directly used as the basis for diagnosis. Instead, the findings in the image should be compared and correlated with the patient's clinical history and symptoms to determine the significance of the calcified granuloma and any other abnormalities that may be present." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18a4c626-d4481b14-559c1206-26f54875-dd74e59d", "image": "p16/p16319384/s53447884/69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The patient is status post wedge resection in the right lower lobe with chronic atelectatic scarring in that region, similar to prior CT examinations. No new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pneumothorax is present. There is chronic blunting of the right costophrenic angle. No significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is in standard position. The heart size is normal. There are calcifications of the aortic arch. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Ill-defined patchy opacities are seen in the right lung base with\n an associated small right pleural effusion, which is also confirmed in the\n lateral view. A dense left-sided retrocardiac opacity abutting the left\n hemidiaphragm is unchanged since at least ___ compatible with a\n Bochdalek hernia. A small left pleural effusion is also likely present. There\n is biapical pleuro-parenchymal scarring, more conspicuous in the left apex. \n No other focal opacities are identified. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The patient is status post wedge resection in the right lower lobe with chronic atelectatic scarring in that region, similar to prior CT examinations. No new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pneumothorax is present. There is chronic blunting of the right costophrenic angle. No significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is in standard position. The heart size is normal. There are calcifications of the aortic arch. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows chronic atelectatic scarring in the right lower lobe, similar to prior CT examinations. There is no new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia, and no pneumothorax is present. Chronic blunting of the right costophrenic angle is observed, but no significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is in standard position, and the heart size is normal. Calcifications of the aortic arch are also visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0df3e21f-5672d561-1479a9a6-bb24d13a-afd4f39e", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable retrocardiac opacification consistent with left lower lobe\n consolidation and small pleural effusion. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Dense retrocardiac opacification\n persists, consistent with left lower lobe consolidation and small pleural\n effusion. Vague haziness projecting over the left upper lobe, in the region of\n recent chest tube, is stable. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Left ventricular assist device is remains in similar position. \n Left-sided PICC line ends at the cavoatrial junction. No pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4912b8ce-70f296a3-b9137775-5da5c93b-74948b5e", "image": "p16/p16319384/s53447884/69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a slight increase\n in lung volumes, likely reflecting increased ventilatory pressures. The\n pre-existing parenchymal opacities are slightly less severe than on the\n previous image, but still relatively advanced and diffuse. Unchanged presence\n of a left pleural effusion is likely. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a new right IJ central line terminating in the mid to low SVC, along with diffusely increased interstitial markings, engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. Additionally, there is opacity at the left lung base, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60999807-e9c65537-0be33d31-e1f2eb09-329bb2a8", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Termination point of Dobbhoff line not identified on this film. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study obtained four hours earlier during the same day. \n During the interval, the patient has been extubated. Previously described\n right-sided internal jugular approach central venous line remains. Again\n noted is a feeding tube traversing the entire esophagus terminating in the\n abdomen. The present image covers the line only about 5 inches below the\n hiatal area. The more distal portion of the line could be followed further on\n the previous chest examination, still the tip of the Dobbhoff line was never\n included in the image. Precise location of the line is essential for\n patient's management. It is recommended to perform the study under\n fluoroscopic control. Comparison of the chest examinations does not reveal\n any new acute infiltrate. However, the pulmonary vascular pattern appears to\n be crowded, probably related to the high positioned diaphragms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures appear unchanged. The endotracheal tube, nasogastric tube, and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ddb6d871-83f1673f-96525527-40edfaa8-32689e38", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Again seen is extensive emphysema with prominent bullous changes particularly\n at the bases. However, there is increased lucency at the left base with\n slight elevation of the left hemidiaphragm as well as increasing infrahilar\n opacity. Findings therefore raise the possibility of a loculated\n pneumothorax. Followup imaging is recommended.\n \n Endotracheal tube has its tip approximately 6 cm above the carina. A left\n subclavian PICC line has its tip in the distal SVC near the cavoatrial\n junction and a nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm with the\n tip not identified. No pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable semi supine chest radiograph ___ 04:13 is submitted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due to slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f42d7dbd-d192327f-ba7c9e5c-8ef226b5-87f58720", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No bony abnormalities\n are detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The right PICC tip is in an unchanged position, within the mid/lower superior vena cava (SVC). The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are also normal. The lungs appear clear, and the pulmonary vasculature is normal. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax present. Lastly, there are no acute osseous abnormalities detected in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f400fee-753579b0-b459be3b-04c5dbab-120f6074", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No fractures are detected, although this technique is limited for evaluation of osseous trauma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Comparison is made to the previous study from ___.\n \n There is improved aeration at the right base. There remains some atelectasis\n at the bases bilaterally. There is an unchanged right-sided Port-A-Cath with\n distal lead tip at the distal SVC. Heart size is normal. There are no\n pneumothoraces." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No fractures are detected, although this technique is limited for evaluation of osseous trauma. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute intrathoracic process detected. The heart size is normal, and the hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. Additionally, no fractures are detected, although the technique used in this case may be limited for evaluation of osseous trauma." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9c7e41a-39669be4-ef06a00c-98608201-df448387", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Ill-defined opacity projecting over the periphery of the lingula is concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. An ill-defined nodular opacity projecting over\n the periphery of the lingula is noted, not seen clearly on the lateral view.\n Right lung is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax is present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours, normal pulmonary vasculature, and a 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs appears clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed3ea821-d5846c32-5f18d81a-657f73d8-472d55eb", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left basilar airspace disease may be due to pneumonia, but malignancy is difficult to exclude. PA and lateral radiograph may be obtained to assess how much of the left basilar abnormality is due to increasing pleural fluid vs parenchymal disease. Findings: The post pneumonectomy appearance of the right hemithorax is unchanged. Airspace opacities at the left base may be due to infection, but it is difficult to discern how much of the left basilar opacification is actually due to layering pleural effusion. There is no left pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette cannot be accurately assessed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are essentially unchanged. Again, there are diffuse areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally, consistent with pulmonary edema with\n cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis at\n the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting, supervening pneumonia would\n have to be considered." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left basilar airspace disease may be due to pneumonia, but malignancy is difficult to exclude. PA and lateral radiograph may be obtained to assess how much of the left basilar abnormality is due to increasing pleural fluid vs parenchymal disease. Findings: The post pneumonectomy appearance of the right hemithorax is unchanged. Airspace opacities at the left base may be due to infection, but it is difficult to discern how much of the left basilar opacification is actually due to layering pleural effusion. There is no left pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette cannot be accurately assessed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The post pneumonectomy appearance of the right hemithorax is unchanged. Airspace opacities at the left base may be due to infection, but it is difficult to discern how much of the left basilar opacification is actually due to layering pleural effusion. There is no left pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette cannot be accurately assessed." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4e05e8d-f1cc5629-84b87ad8-9f4c0402-17e6f75e", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease\n in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural\n effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes\n are present.\n \n Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium.\n \n The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the\n appropriate clinical setting." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion occupying approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82c84432-ff11fe52-0064b58c-b7bc2f43-ef86e88b", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Otherwise, unremarkable examination\n of the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. There is a\n small left pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for pneumonia. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a left chest tube in unchanged position and a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30b681db-78293b4e-edd1a3e2-eece4dc4-5ff2d9ab", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the bilateral pulmonary opacifications have substantially cleared with some residual atelectatic changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. No definite acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n opacification at the left base most likely reflecting pleural effusion and\n volume loss in the lower lobe. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n persists. No evidence of vascular congestion. Right IJ catheter remains in\n place." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the bilateral pulmonary opacifications have substantially cleared with some residual atelectatic changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. No definite acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows that the bilateral pulmonary opacifications have substantially cleared, with some residual atelectatic changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. There is no definite acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84a4773c-796af02b-98561cf7-d61b3178-ff7f4939", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion occupying approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ece76d5-4de53231-dc9bc951-c27b8a9c-00694cc8", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed from prior. No free air below the diaphragm. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change in the size of the bilateral pleural effusions. There is no significant pulmonary vascular engorgement. Cardiac silhouette is grossly unchanged but limited due to bibasilar abnormalities. Hypertrophic changes are again seen in the spine. G-tube not clearly identified. No free air identified below the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there may be small\n improvement in the degree of pleural effusions since the intervening\n procedure. No definite pneumothorax. Right lung remains clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed from prior. No free air below the diaphragm. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change in the size of the bilateral pleural effusions. There is no significant pulmonary vascular engorgement. Cardiac silhouette is grossly unchanged but limited due to bibasilar abnormalities. Hypertrophic changes are again seen in the spine. G-tube not clearly identified. No free air identified below the diaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows moderate bilateral pleural effusions, which are abnormal accumulations of fluid in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. There is no significant interval change in the size of these effusions. Additionally, there is no significant pulmonary vascular engorgement, and the cardiac silhouette is grossly unchanged. Hypertrophic changes are seen in the spine, and a G-tube is not clearly identified in the image. No free air is identified below the diaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42d1d942-0aefbde6-c54835e3-15294715-8113041e", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild volume overload. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded, with hyperlucency,\n flattening of the hemidiaphragms, and widening of the retrosternal clear\n space. Mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and interstitial edema. \n However, there is no frank pulmonary edema. No frank consolidation, pleural\n effusions, or pneumothorax. There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis and\n multilevel bridging osteophytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax, associated loss of volume, and stable scarring in the right lung apex. Additionally, there is new prominence of the interstitium and Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edema. The heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax was identified." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58ac68b5-24c8cb7d-62f38524-4c03808a-0329f3c6", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions with passive atelectasis. Developing\n bibasilar consolidations are difficult to exclude.\n \n Redemonstrated densities within the lung parenchyma and neck, possibly\n secondary to prior granulomatous disease. Findings: Multiple calcified pulmonary nodules and calcified lymph nodes within the\n neck. Severe degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints. Bilateral\n pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Developing bibasilar\n consolidation is difficult to exclude. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with a tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with a side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18f9a05f-f2cd30f5-bb92443e-a96e29a2-2d10374b", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild basilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with low lung volumes and a large hiatal\n hernia. No evidence for superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: As compared to the prior examination dated ___, there has been no\n significant interval change. Low lung volumes resultant crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures. There is no lobar consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is within normal limits. A large\n hiatal hernia is again seen. Multiple known osseous metastases are poorly\n visualized on today's examination." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild basilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes appear stable, and no pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31d9847f-987fcf63-704f7496-d2b21eb8-63cd973e", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, all monitoring and support devices have been removed. There is a known large left hiatal hernia that causes massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at the left lung bases. No other parenchymal abnormalities, notably no pneumonia is seen on the current image. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. No larger pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent small bilateral effusions, larger on the left which have decreased\n in size. Decreased pulmonary vascular congestion. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Size of the bilateral effusions, left\n greater than right has slightly decreased in size since prior exam. There is\n less pulmonary vascular congestion on the current exam as well. Cardiac\n silhouette which appears enlarged, is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, all monitoring and support devices have been removed. There is a known large left hiatal hernia that causes massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at the left lung bases. No other parenchymal abnormalities, notably no pneumonia is seen on the current image. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. No larger pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a large left hiatal hernia, which is causing massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at the left lung bases. Additionally, there is a borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. The image does not show any pneumonia, pneumothorax, or larger pleural effusions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Mild hyperinflation. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but\n otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The right PICC tip is in an unchanged position, within the mid/lower superior vena cava (SVC). The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are also normal. The lungs appear clear, and the pulmonary vasculature is normal. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax present. Lastly, there are no acute osseous abnormalities detected in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd4d1714-ea5c562c-917ab796-b83f8aa8-6b82f80e", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. Radiopaque density overlying the left heart border is external to the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a dual-lumen right chest\n wall dialysis line, terminating in the right atrium. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal and the lungs fairly well-aerated, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. Radiopaque density overlying the left heart border is external to the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and the cardiac, hilar, and mediastinal contours are normal. No pleural abnormality is seen. Additionally, there is radiopaque density overlying the left heart border, which is external to the chest wall." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d24b5355-c7b4a8cb-680e6185-0280353a-18bff492", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute pulmonary abnormality. Known intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and T6 pathologic compression fracture have been more fully assessed by a outside PET CT of 1 day earlier. Please refer to the official report of that study. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are remarkable for right paratracheal and right hilar fullness, corresponding to areas of lymphadenopathy on outside PET-CT of ___. . The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Known T6 pathologic compression fracture is not well evaluated on this single portable radiograph and has presumably been assessed by previous studies including a PET-CT of ___. . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with elevated left hemidiaphragm. \n No overt failure. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is\n stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, unchanged from ___. No focal\n consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is grossly\n stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. Degenerative changes in the mid thoracic spine are\n noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute pulmonary abnormality. Known intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and T6 pathologic compression fracture have been more fully assessed by a outside PET CT of 1 day earlier. Please refer to the official report of that study. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are remarkable for right paratracheal and right hilar fullness, corresponding to areas of lymphadenopathy on outside PET-CT of ___. . The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Known T6 pathologic compression fracture is not well evaluated on this single portable radiograph and has presumably been assessed by previous studies including a PET-CT of ___. . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, normal mediastinal and hilar contours, and normal pulmonary vasculature. The lungs appear clear, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. The known T6 pathologic compression fracture is not well evaluated on this single portable radiograph and has presumably been assessed by previous studies." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5c3b36a-f3271f5a-cc6ce24f-3808fc88-f79e1e27", "image": "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Limited study due to low lung volumes. Cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in size. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits allowing for accentuation by low lung volumes. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no definite pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is extensive scoliosis. There is residual contrast material seen within\n the colon. There are lucencies projecting over the left retrocardiac area,\n which likely represents a hiatal hernia. There is atelectasis at the left\n lung base and possibly a small pleural effusion bilaterally with blunting of\n the costophrenic angles. The mid and upper lung zones of both lungs are\n clear. There is calcification in thoracic aorta with some deviation of the\n trachea to the right side. No pneumothoraces are seen. There are no signs\n for overt pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Limited study due to low lung volumes. Cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in size. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits allowing for accentuation by low lung volumes. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no definite pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a cardiac silhouette that is enlarged but stable in size. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits, allowing for accentuation by low lung volumes. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no definite pleural effusions." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4eb74b1-f44ac0fc-aaaa580a-ebd12892-d8aef5e2", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New tiny left apical pneumothorax. 2. Unchanged small residual left pleural effusion and left basilar opacity. 3. Unchanged tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: There is a persistent opacity at the left base, similar to the prior exam. This likely represents a pneumonia, and less likely reexpansion edema given that it has now persisted for two days. There is a small residual left pleural effusion, which is not significantly changed since one day ago. Overall, the volume of fluid is significantly decreased since the patient's initial presentation. There is a new tiny left apical pneumothorax. The right lung is clear. A tiny right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no right pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis\n and pleural chest catheter in place. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate similar\n configuration as a right basal approach pleural catheter in place. There is a\n persistent small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis and a\n small perifissural component. Previously seen pneumothorax component in the\n right basal hydropneumothorax is no longer visible. The right upper lung and\n left lung appear well aerated. There is no pulmonary edema or left pleural\n effusion. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Multilevel upper thoracic anterior spondylosis is\n present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New tiny left apical pneumothorax. 2. Unchanged small residual left pleural effusion and left basilar opacity. 3. Unchanged tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: There is a persistent opacity at the left base, similar to the prior exam. This likely represents a pneumonia, and less likely reexpansion edema given that it has now persisted for two days. There is a small residual left pleural effusion, which is not significantly changed since one day ago. Overall, the volume of fluid is significantly decreased since the patient's initial presentation. There is a new tiny left apical pneumothorax. The right lung is clear. A tiny right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no right pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a persistent opacity at the left base, which is likely representing a pneumonia. Additionally, there is a small residual left pleural effusion and a tiny right pleural effusion. The right lung appears clear, and there is no right pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59d4fab4-679af5b7-5d8299ee-5de4e775-51372e47", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate pulmonary edema with moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is difficult to assess given the presence of moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions, but appears at least moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. Perihilar haziness with vascular indistinctness and diffuse alveolar opacities are compatible with moderate pulmonary edema. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis is demonstrated. No pneumothorax is seen. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderately cardiomegaly is worse with small bilateral pleural\n effusions, and moderate interstitial pulmonary edema in the setting of CHF\n exacerbation. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Interstitial markings are increased\n bilaterally. The lung apices are partially obscured by the patient's chin and\n incompletely evaluated. The heart size is moderately enlarged. Basilar\n atelectasis is mild. Bilateral pleural effusions are small. Surgical clips\n project over the left upper quadrant. The thoracic aorta is unfolded with\n atherosclerotic calcifications." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate pulmonary edema with moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is difficult to assess given the presence of moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions, but appears at least moderately enlarged. The mediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. Perihilar haziness with vascular indistinctness and diffuse alveolar opacities are compatible with moderate pulmonary edema. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis is demonstrated. No pneumothorax is seen. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows moderate pulmonary edema with moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. The heart size appears to be moderately enlarged, and the mediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. Perihilar haziness with vascular indistinctness and diffuse alveolar opacities are compatible with moderate pulmonary edema. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis is demonstrated, and no pneumothorax is seen. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5a10c55-fe2fbefc-135e4b8e-337a3279-db03af87", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormality. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormality. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormalities. The findings include a normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours, clear lungs, and no pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f10984d9-b7e843e6-ebb071e2-68fe6b30-930a5e31", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal lung consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a single right chest tube with its tip terminating near\n the right lung apex. No pneumothorax. Widening on the right side of the\n mediastinum is attributed to the neoesophagus. Otherwise, cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable in appearance. Minimal bibasilar atelectasis is present,\n unchanged on the right side and minimal increase on the left side. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal lung consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits, and the bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion, no focal lung consolidation, no pneumothorax, and no pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76c189dd-c9cae85a-af7009fe-25471b3e-172f291c", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: A NG tube in stomach. Opacity right lower lobe and retrocardiac opacity concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Findings: 2 supine views of the chest demonstrate progressive advancement of an NG tube into the stomach. An ET tube has been placed in the interim which resides cm in the carinal. Better evident than on the prior study is a opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. Additional retrocardiac opacities are also noted. Cardiac size remains stable. The remainder the exam is unchanged with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: NG tube tip in the stomach Findings: The NG tube tip is in the stomach. The. Left tube is been removed. There is\n volume loss at both bases. There is no focal infiltrate." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: A NG tube in stomach. Opacity right lower lobe and retrocardiac opacity concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Findings: 2 supine views of the chest demonstrate progressive advancement of an NG tube into the stomach. An ET tube has been placed in the interim which resides cm in the carinal. Better evident than on the prior study is a opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. Additional retrocardiac opacities are also noted. Cardiac size remains stable. The remainder the exam is unchanged with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a progression of an NG tube into the stomach, as well as an opacity in the right lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. Additionally, there are retrocardiac opacities. The cardiac size remains stable, and there are no pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11d552f5-4943c301-a27f94ec-9e425669-487ef789", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral view of the chest were provided. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary\n edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral view of the chest were provided. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected. However, it is important to remember that a radiologist's interpretation of an X-ray image should always be considered in the context of the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as any additional diagnostic tests or imaging studies." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "499b08f0-eadc74b7-e72cbb9c-48acb229-95d39e5f", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiac or pulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear, and the cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. Additionally, there are no pleural abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6088e83-babff51c-fe95c613-7b94b470-3aea3440", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval with small layering bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. The mediastinal contour is similar. There is mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval. Hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely reflect small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Diffuse opacities in the right lung concerning for multifocal pneumonia. \n Recommend followup radiograph after treatment to ensure resolution. Probable\n small pleural effusions. Findings: Frontal portable radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is diffuse\n opacity in the right lung more prominently in the right lower and mid lung. \n Compared to the prior study, opacities in the right lower lung appear similar;\n however, there may be slight increased opacity in the right mid lung. There\n is mild left base atelectasis. There are probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. A left internal jugular approach central venous catheter ends in\n the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval with small layering bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. The mediastinal contour is similar. There is mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval. Hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely reflect small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval. There are hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely reflecting small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e7ae597-2cce5608-801fc546-b49044de-8b5fb4c7", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The bases of the right lung are minimally better ventilated than\n before. The monitoring and support devices are constant, constant size of the\n cardiac silhouette, constant appearance of the left lung." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The postoperative chest X-ray shows unchanged mediastinal alterations, unchanged position of indwelling lines and tubes, and no evidence of a pneumothorax. However, there is worsening bibasilar atelectasis, particularly in the left retrocardiac region." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bae8ab0-e159b156-5842575c-b4b8c1ae-e9c64339", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. There is a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The monitoring and support devices are also in correct position. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with moderate fluid overload. Potential small left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema has worsened over last 24 hours. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4 cm above the carina and is appropriate.\n Right internal jugular line terminates at mid SVC. An orogastric tube is seen\n to course below the level of the diaphragm into the stomach; however, distal\n end is beyond the view of radiograph. Bilateral, diffuse, lung opacities\n reflecting moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema, improved between ___ and\n ___, but since then has minimally worsened. Top normal sized heart,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are stable in appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. There is a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The monitoring and support devices are also in correct position. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with moderate fluid overload. Potential small left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, such as pneumothorax. The monitoring and support devices are also in correct position. The borderline size of the cardiac silhouette indicates moderate fluid overload. Potential small left pleural effusion is also observed. No new parenchymal opacities are present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59132f9d-ca07da35-afdde408-a2d7986d-4948d0c3", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Otherwise, no significant interval change. Findings: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures is new from the prior exam. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable flattening of the diaphragms, suggestive of hyperinflation. No change in the probable calcified granuloma projecting over the right upper lung. The dual-lead left-sided cardiac device appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are again noted in the visualized thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Appropriate lead\n positioning. Findings: There is a left-sided dual-lead pacemaker with leads terminating in\n appropriate position in the right ventricle and atrium. The heart size is\n normal. The lungs are clear. Hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pulmonary edema. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous with no\n suggestion of aneurysm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Otherwise, no significant interval change. Findings: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures is new from the prior exam. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable flattening of the diaphragms, suggestive of hyperinflation. No change in the probable calcified granuloma projecting over the right upper lung. The dual-lead left-sided cardiac device appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are again noted in the visualized thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiac device appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are again noted in the visualized thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17563248-b5619d12-71d589df-57facf81-8d6a38bc", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the lower lungs. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs\n are hyperinflated with chronic deformity of the left upper hemithorax and rib\n cage. There are opacities in the lower lungs which raise concern for\n pneumonia. Underlying scarring is better assessed on the prior CT. The heart\n size is difficult to assess, though appears grossly stable. The mediastinal\n contour also is grossly unchanged. Small right pleural effusion is present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring is noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications, there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edema. The heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42fa5a10-17856f17-da125a25-87062ee3-f9e4c296", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. The heart size is normal. The cardiac, hilar, and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiograph without evidence of all-trans retinoic\n acid syndrome. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are reviewed and compared to the\n prior study. Normal heart, lungs, pleural and mediastinal surfaces." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. The heart size is normal. The cardiac, hilar, and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with clear lungs and no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c81743fc-40348d42-c468e36f-0c9077e0-46d24e73", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates a right IJ central venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left apical pneumothorax is slightly increased compared to prior now measuring 21 mm, previously 17 mm. Otherwise, there is stable appearance of the chest with unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been a\n thoracentesis on the left with removal of substantial fluid from the pleural\n space. Specifically, no evidence of appreciable pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates a right IJ central venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left apical pneumothorax is slightly increased compared to prior now measuring 21 mm, previously 17 mm. Otherwise, there is stable appearance of the chest with unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right internal jugular central venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left apical pneumothorax has slightly increased to 21 mm, while the chest appears stable with unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca37ce49-8fdec0d6-4dc2466b-44543962-762cad72", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Interval re-positioning of left PICC, now terminating in the\n proximal superior vena cava. Other devices are unchanged in position. Heart\n size remains normal. Multifocal pulmonary opacities in the mid and lower\n lungs appear relatively similar to the prior study allowing for patient\n rotation. Moderate-to-large pleural effusions are again demonstrated, with\n apparent slight improvement on the right. Diffuse haziness of upper abdomen\n is suggestive of ascites." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a new right IJ central line terminating in the mid to low SVC, along with diffusely increased interstitial markings in the lungs bilaterally, engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. Opacity at the left lung base is also noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8e45d42-826148f0-ecddc635-78da1bb8-218f17be", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there has been extensive increase in opacification at both bases, consistent with pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis at the bases. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral small pleural effusions and moderate congestive\n pulmonary vascular pattern. In comparison with the next previous examination\n 18 months ago, the patient's pulmonary congestion and pleural effusions were\n markedly more pronounced than they are now. Whether the present degree of\n chronic CHF is related to fluid overload must be judged on clinical grounds. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Moderate cardiomegaly as\n before. Upper mediastinal structures are obscured by the presence of two\n ___ rods each with 4 penetrating fixation screws stabilizing the mid\n portion of the thoracic spine. Integrity of orthopedic devices appears\n preserved and is unchanged. Similar as on the previous examination, there is\n evidence of bilateral pleural effusion blunting the lateral pleural sinuses. \n The pleural effusion is moderately more marked on the right side than the\n left. Lateral view indicates extension of fluid into the posteriorly located\n dependent pleural sinuses. No evidence of new acute discrete pulmonary\n infiltrates indicating acute pneumonia. No pneumothorax seen in the apical\n area." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there has been extensive increase in opacification at both bases, consistent with pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis at the bases. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows extensive opacification at both bases, which is consistent with pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis at the bases. Additionally, there is continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b15eb932-15df0889-519b3c56-5b813026-c65395a3", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: As above. ___, MD ___=___ Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath is again noted with catheter tip in the region of the lower SVC. In this patient with known lung cancer there is persistent left hilar opacity though slightly decreased in overall conspicuity from prior chest radiograph. Hyperinflated lungs reflect known COPD. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Bony structures are intact. No free air seen below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial\n removal of pleural fluid from the left hemithorax with a small remainder. No\n evidence of pneumothorax. Overall appearance of the heart and lungs is\n otherwise essentially unchanged. The tip of the left subclavian catheter\n extends to the mid-to-lower portion of the SVC." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: As above. ___, MD ___=___ Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath is again noted with catheter tip in the region of the lower SVC. In this patient with known lung cancer there is persistent left hilar opacity though slightly decreased in overall conspicuity from prior chest radiograph. Hyperinflated lungs reflect known COPD. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Bony structures are intact. No free air seen below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right chest wall Port-A-Cath with catheter tip in the region of the lower SVC. Additionally, there is persistent left hilar opacity, which is slightly decreased in overall conspicuity from prior chest radiograph. The patient has known lung cancer and hyperinflated lungs due to known COPD. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, no large effusion or pneumothorax, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Bony structures are intact, and no free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a5f12a9-223bb9c6-bbd5b9fd-ca751b7a-ba6e910c", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of pneumonia or overt edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Right hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is mildly enlarged. The aorta appears unfolded. No convincing evidence for edema. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Bony structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal and unchanged from ___. Bilateral low lung volumes are\n again noted with crowding of bronchovascular markings. No focal consolidation\n or superimposed edema is noted. Calcification of the aortic arch is noted. \n No definite effusion or pneumothorax is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of pneumonia or overt edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Right hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is mildly enlarged. The aorta appears unfolded. No convincing evidence for edema. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Bony structures appear intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a mildly enlarged heart and a mildly elevated right hemidiaphragm. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, no effusion or pneumothorax, and no convincing evidence for edema. The aorta appears unfolded, and the bony structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5ae71de-54cbb819-a5beec7b-4134871f-563b0982", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic fibrotic and emphysematous changes again noted. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The left costophrenic angle is not captured on this study, however, there does not appear to be a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas is consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral joint are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Lines and tubes essentially unchanged. No pneumothorax detected.\n \n Mild to moderate cardiomegaly without significant change.\n \n CHF with interstitial and probably some degree of alveolar edema.\n \n Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation.\n \n Hazy density at right greater left bases is suggestive of layering pleural\n effusions, more pronounced than on the prior film.\n \n Possibility of new collapse and/or consolidation at the right base laterally\n cannot be excluded. Findings: Allowing for differences in positioning, the ET tube NG tube and 2 right IJ\n lines are probably similar in position. Again seen is mild to moderate\n cardiomegaly and CHF with vascular plethora an interstitial edema. Small\n amount of alveolar edema would be difficult to exclude. Retrocardiac opacity\n consistent with left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation is unchanged.\n \n There is increased hazy density over the right over lower half of the right\n lung and to some degree at the left base. I suspect this reflects layering\n pleural effusions. Presence of progressed collapse and/or consolidation at\n the right base laterally cannot be excluded." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic fibrotic and emphysematous changes again noted. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The left costophrenic angle is not captured on this study, however, there does not appear to be a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas is consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral joint are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable cardiomediastinal and hilar contours, with no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The left costophrenic angle is not captured on this study. Diffuse increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas are consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral joint are noted." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b6058ea-1a457571-ebed852c-b6879996-ac8b1622", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has been removed. Internal jugular vein catheter remains in unchanged position. The pre-existing bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air bronchograms show a further slight increase in severity. There is no evidence of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax, no pneumomediastinum. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been extensive increase\n in opacification at both bases, consistent with pleural effusion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. Continued enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has been removed. Internal jugular vein catheter remains in unchanged position. The pre-existing bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air bronchograms show a further slight increase in severity. There is no evidence of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax, no pneumomediastinum. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a further slight increase in the severity of bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air bronchograms. Additionally, there is no evidence of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas of atelectasis are also present. However, there is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum observed in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4b6639a-addc6e70-3931f176-25766a17-95a40103", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations\n concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows well-expanded lungs without any focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal, and the bones are intact." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb8c984b-8ddd4a3c-e0373e0c-8ed815d8-d180c599", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable, and the hilar contours are stable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52051de6-12f425a6-7e6e8a6e-8b8c4176-b5d56a2b", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle. No evidence of acute pneumonia. Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of rib fracture. Pacemaker and ICD leads are unchanged in\n position. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Severe\n cardiomegaly and cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes are unchanged. Pacemaker\n and ICD leads are unchanged in position. No evidence of displaced rib\n fracture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle. No evidence of acute pneumonia. Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows little change in the appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle. There is no evidence of acute pneumonia. The enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbff4e3f-5c4c00dd-c356f902-530cb15d-9e6663a9", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: No interval change. The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable. A left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right ventricle. EKG leads overlie the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute chest abnormality. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate linear opacities\n at the bilateral bases, likely reflecting scar. Lung volumes are slightly\n decreased compared with ___ years prior. There is no significant effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette remains normal in size, the mediastinal\n contours are notable only for tortuosity of the aorta. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: No interval change. The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable. A left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right ventricle. EKG leads overlie the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are well inflated and clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable. Additionally, a left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right ventricle, and EKG leads overlie the chest wall." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "583ddbd2-50f85c61-b2d63c29-0c4cc293-77060208", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Large right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis. Findings: A large subpulmonic effusion is present on the right with\n associated atelectasis. The heart size is at the upper limits of normal and\n the visualized mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax.\n \n Two locules of gas in the left upper abdomen represent the gastric bubble and\n splenic flexure of the colon." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows shallow inspiration, bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, a tiny right pleural effusion, and no pneumothorax. The findings are accentuated by shallow inspiration." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94e2c7bb-a81ac1fe-fce3a631-5677d6b2-605bd1fe", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidations. The heart is\n mildly to moderately enlarged but unchanged. There is no evidence for\n pulmonary edema. The mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and there is a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b6ea4f6-89ae50df-87c1a2b5-dfcfcf4e-43d511e1", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. No\n overt pulmonary edema is seen. No displaced fracture is identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and there is a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daa9c2a1-691a861b-e52b5481-7f9bdd7b-7620fca2", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A single portable supine chest radiograph was obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the\n aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration\n of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are\n noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral\n joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A single portable supine chest radiograph was obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process detected. The lungs are well expanded and clear, with no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are also normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efb2c222-0fe78b2f-2bd67556-d10e01d8-72e87669", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: The heart and mediastinum are normal. The lung fields are clear. The\n costophrenic angles are sharp. No infiltrates are present. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows well-expanded lungs with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal, and the imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a46f86f-aa12bf29-81681d7d-afb9c9d8-23629fe0", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small right pleural effusion and a basilar atelectasis. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, the right hemidiaphragm is\n not sharply seen. There is a small right pleural effusion and atelectasis at\n the right lung base. There is no new focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no edema or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. This effusion is grossly unchanged, although its distribution has slightly changed. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right side, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2dcef8d-c2328b84-d47a7ecc-042df2f7-4aab73c7", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Right PICC tip at upper-to-mid SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip has been somewhat advanced into the upper-to-mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No evidence of active tuberculosis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax identified. No osseous abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Right PICC tip at upper-to-mid SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip has been somewhat advanced into the upper-to-mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right PICC tip at the upper-to-mid SVC. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours appear normal, and the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af474c68-0fb2d552-26f4cb34-74f1c5d1-8ade5ca4", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities left greater than right, potentially atelectasis, although they could represent pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is patchy bibasilar opacity, greater on the left than on the right. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Known small left pneumothorax seen on CT is not appreciated on the radiograph.\n Left lower lobe contusions are also better seen on CT. Findings: Left lower lung opacity is re- demonstrated. Known small hemothorax blunts the\n left costophrenic sulcus. Heart size is normal. Known small left pneumothorax\n is not well seen. Non-displaced rib fractures are better seen on concurrent CT\n of the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities left greater than right, potentially atelectasis, although they could represent pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is patchy bibasilar opacity, greater on the left than on the right. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows patchy bibasilar opacity, which is greater on the left side than on the right side. This finding suggests that there may be an issue with the lung tissue, such as atelectasis or pneumonia. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d8209cf-367611d8-dedd4a43-a8026be1-e639022d", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Overall little change in comparison to the prior study with continued\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and silhouetting of the right heart\n border as well as increased opacity in the right retrocardiac region. There is\n at least partial right lower and middle lobe atelectasis. Cardiomegaly remains\n stable. Left PICC is visualized in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n Tracheostomy tube is shifted to the left due to a large superior mediastinal\n mass shown to be related to the thyroid gland on prior CT scan.\n Ventriculoperitoneal shunt traversing over the right hemithorax appears\n stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. It is recommended to advance the enteric tube by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified, and the cardiac silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e252b44-7eeee514-f7db5565-5c69c644-9808eb6c", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, including no evidence of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n There is no consolidation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows focal ill-defined opacities predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes. These findings are nonspecific but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the heart size is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "222de94a-617f5cad-684d59ce-8ddd536c-aa8aa84a", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be\n excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary\n vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. Additionally, there is an enteric tube terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, which is recommended to be advanced by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cd5b0dd-527a6616-cb6ad62f-c8ee94df-0b7ffd5b", "image": "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is an improvement, with near-complete resolution of the pre-existing right pleural effusion. The heart continues to be borderline in size and the retrocardiac areas of atelectasis persist. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The monitoring and support devices are constant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The patient appears to be kyphotic in position. There are low lung volumes. \n Prominence of the central pulmonary vasculature, pulmonary pulmonary arteries\n may be due to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Left base streaky opacity is\n more likely due to atelectasis rather than consolidation. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is not well assessed due\n to patient position, but appears mildly enlarged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is an improvement, with near-complete resolution of the pre-existing right pleural effusion. The heart continues to be borderline in size and the retrocardiac areas of atelectasis persist. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The monitoring and support devices are constant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an improvement in the right pleural effusion, with near-complete resolution. However, the heart remains borderline in size, and the retrocardiac areas of atelectasis persist. There is no evidence of pneumonia in the image. The monitoring and support devices are constant." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eecb0b8e-597db7ef-14dd9bab-52fd0da8-1f163745", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates in this patient with history of the thrombocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding portable chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable. There exists, however, some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right-sided pneumonia\n has substantially decreased in extent and severity. However, notably on the\n frontal radiograph, remnant opacities are seen at the right lung base. No new\n parenchymal opacities. Moderate cardiomegaly and minimal left pleural\n effusion. Unchanged right-sided and left-sided axillary clips." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates in this patient with history of the thrombocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding portable chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable. There exists, however, some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows no evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion, or acute infiltrates in the patient. The heart size remains within normal limits, and no configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, with some wall calcifications at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested, and no signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present. The lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free, and there is no pneumothorax in the apical area. The skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable, but there is some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee71a48c-d7613a73-e790a03a-f30f2402-759d7654", "image": "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the preexisting right upper\n lobe pneumonia has now completely resolved. There is no evidence of remnant\n opacities and no evidence of complication such as abscesses or pleural\n effusions. No other relevant findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, slightly increased since the prior study. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. The apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is minimal left posterior pleural scarring. The hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16e5b1a2-792c2449-d0f46569-a6fc499f-62628542", "image": "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air\n beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of\n free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen\n along the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and there is a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88ccf610-b3c4e8b9-dc228355-6410ee87-1191a63b", "image": "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, as there are no acute cardiopulmonary processes detected. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Additionally, there is no pulmonary edema visible in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88877d10-188b5a1e-d99e6d09-75236a50-63e30ee8", "image": "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent small right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis without definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Small right-sided pleural effusion is again noted. Linear bibasilar opacities are most suggestive of atelectasis. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. Tracheostomy tube remains in place. Left PICC is no longer visualized. Single lead right chest wall pacing device is seen with tip in the right ventricle. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "AP and lateral views of the chest.\n \n The right lung is clear. There is obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm,\n which is clearly seen on prior and could be due to underlying left basilar\n atelectasis or pneumonia. Increased opacity over the spine on the lateral\n view is likely in part due to degenerative, the tortuous descending thoracic\n aorta and hilar vasculature, although superimposed component of overlying\n consolidation is also possible in this region. Atherosclerotic calcifications\n are noted at the aortic arch. There is a sliver of lucency projecting over\n the upper abdomen to the left of midline. This is of could be due to\n pneumomediastinum or potentially free intraperitoneal air. Consider repeat\n examination with a chest x-ray with PA technique if possible. Otherwise, CT\n scan may be necessary. \n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 5:35 p.m. on ___ by Dr.\n ___ ___ the phone 2 minutes after time of discovery." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent small right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis without definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Small right-sided pleural effusion is again noted. Linear bibasilar opacities are most suggestive of atelectasis. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. Tracheostomy tube remains in place. Left PICC is no longer visualized. Single lead right chest wall pacing device is seen with tip in the right ventricle. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small right-sided pleural effusion and linear bibasilar opacities, which are most suggestive of atelectasis. The lungs are clear elsewhere, and the tracheostomy tube remains in place. The left PICC is no longer visualized, and a single lead right chest wall pacing device is seen with the tip in the right ventricle. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a630e6f1-a760573b-d0a05341-d9831a18-a8de22c3", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Left greater than right bibasilar opacities, felt to most likely represent\n atelectasis on the recent CT. Re-demonstration of dominant left upper lobe\n pulmonary nodule. Findings: There are bibasilar opacities, left greater than right, likely corresponding\n to findings on recent CT which were felt to most likely represent atelectasis.\n The dominant left upper lobe pulmonary nodule is re-demonstrated. No other\n areas of focal consolidation suspicious for pneumonia. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free\n air under in the hemidiaphragms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "547bf6d9-5959e8be-65d31255-e8e031b4-5a9af9e0", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01913fe9-f0448eac-8f439832-dc05486f-95545a64", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there is patchy opacification in the right upper zone, consistent with some hemorrhage about the lung mass secondary to the biopsy. No evidence of acute pneumonia. There is some indistinctness of pulmonary vessels, suggesting some increase in pulmonary venous pressure. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Right chest tube remains in place with a persistent small right\n apicolateral pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in the\n postoperative period. Bibasilar atelectasis persists and is slightly worsened\n in the left lower lobe. Moderate partially loculated left pleural effusion\n has slightly decreased in size, and a small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there is patchy opacification in the right upper zone, consistent with some hemorrhage about the lung mass secondary to the biopsy. No evidence of acute pneumonia. There is some indistinctness of pulmonary vessels, suggesting some increase in pulmonary venous pressure. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows patchy opacification in the right upper zone, which is consistent with some hemorrhage about the lung mass secondary to the biopsy. There is no evidence of acute pneumonia. Additionally, there is some indistinctness of pulmonary vessels, suggesting some increase in pulmonary venous pressure." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22df5947-d4f32355-60f7b9aa-d140ddb0-028af26a", "image": "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis\n in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a left chest tube in unchanged position and a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d07f3fa4-182c4d9d-459fd2ed-24c6b8be-2802c598", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Enlarged left hilum; per patient's ED notes, the patient had an outpatient CT revealing a left lung mass. Reference to that CT recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The left hilum is prominent. No additional areas of consolidation are seen. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinum is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant change in bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are stable. Bilateral\n pleural effusions, right greater than left, are unchanged since ___.\n There is no pneumothorax. The mediastinum and heart are within normal limits. \n No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Enlarged left hilum; per patient's ED notes, the patient had an outpatient CT revealing a left lung mass. Reference to that CT recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The left hilum is prominent. No additional areas of consolidation are seen. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinum is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a prominent left hilum, which is the area where the main bronchus, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lung. Additionally, the right lung appears clear, with no additional areas of consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. The mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, is also unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee219be2-16844050-a207fdc4-7f70a5dc-3ef6179a", "image": "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial improvement with virtual complete resolution of the bilateral pulmonary opacifications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Tiny left pleural effusion with expected post-surgical appearance\n to the left lung. Findings: The right lung is clear. Post-surgical changes are noted in the\n left lung with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and rightward deviation of\n normally midline structures as expected after completion left upper lobectomy.\n Tiny left pleural effusion may be present. Cardiac silhouette is\n unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial improvement with virtual complete resolution of the bilateral pulmonary opacifications. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a significant improvement in the bilateral pulmonary opacifications, which means that the previously observed abnormalities in the lungs have almost completely resolved." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ffba75f5-67f885c5-448f97ff-7eee3a54-454b3310", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate hyperexpanded and clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate hyperexpanded and clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear and hyperexpanded lungs, with no pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f212b3f4-b1b8e805-038e1a42-b7593ac7-f038a750", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute intrathoracic abnormalities detected. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal, and there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9878db3c-76b9d4df-5665d4e6-1cfd1b57-819c2daf", "image": "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Unchanged pulmonary edema with no change in appearance of bibasilar patchy\n opacities. Infection is not excluded given the correct clinical circumstance. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly, mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged\n from prior exam. There is persistent mild pulmonary edema and in this setting\n is difficult to discretely identify pneumonia. Bibasilar patchy opacities are\n relatively unchanged compared to prior exam. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax present. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d60c19c5-2a87cd59-e5c184dd-a81d581c-09f5cb99", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, moderate in size. 2. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared to the prior radiographs, there are bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. This obscures the left heart border. The aerated portions of the lungs fail to demonstrate consolidation. Mild interstitial edema is new. Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Discontinuity of the superior sternal wires unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, left greater than right suggest infection or atelectasis.\n Mild cardiomegaly is stable. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating mild\n cardiomegaly. Mitral annular calcifications are noted. Bibasilar opacities,\n left greater than right are demonstrated and may represent infection or\n atelectasis. Lower lung volumes on the current exam results in crowding of\n the bronchovascular markings. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There is\n no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. There is marked degenerative\n change involving the glenohumeral joints bilaterally." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, moderate in size. 2. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared to the prior radiographs, there are bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. This obscures the left heart border. The aerated portions of the lungs fail to demonstrate consolidation. Mild interstitial edema is new. Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Discontinuity of the superior sternal wires unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, and mild pulmonary edema. These findings may indicate an underlying medical condition or issue. Further evaluation and consultation with a healthcare professional are necessary to determine the cause and appropriate treatment for these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8eac14d-acfeb227-de6bf397-eb450434-5c9a3a42", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes; otherwise, unremarkable chest radiographic\n examination. Findings: Assessment is limited by motion artifact and low lung volumes. \n Allowing for these limitation, there are no focal parenchymal opacities. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable with the exception of a\n tortuous aorta. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no acute cardiopulmonary process or acute osseous abnormalities identified. The lungs are clear, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "003fd23c-264ac00a-8e8225c5-d7f3543f-6ba3ef81", "image": "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further dramatic increase in severity of the pulmonary edema. In addition, small left pleural effusion and areas of atelectatic changes at the right lung base have newly appeared. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The observations were made at 3:02 p.m., and the referring physician, ___. ___, was paged for notification at that time, on ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Acute pulmonary congestion with central pulmonary edema and\n left-sided pleural effusion. Report has been issued at 2:15 p.m. as the study\n remained non-verified for more than 10 hours. Findings: AP single view of the chest is obtained with patient in sitting\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Cardiac enlargement and\n right-sided Port-A-Cath system via internal jugular approach as before. There\n is now marked congestive pulmonary vascular pattern with distended vessels and\n perivascular haze. Centrally located parenchymal densities are indicative of\n pulmonary edema. In comparison with the previous study, a sizeable left-sided\n pleural effusion has developed reaching up to the hilar level. The right-sided\n lateral pleural sinus, however, remains free." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further dramatic increase in severity of the pulmonary edema. In addition, small left pleural effusion and areas of atelectatic changes at the right lung base have newly appeared. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The observations were made at 3:02 p.m., and the referring physician, ___. ___, was paged for notification at that time, on ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a further dramatic increase in severity of pulmonary edema, which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Additionally, there is a small left pleural effusion and areas of atelectatic changes at the right lung base. It is important to note that there is no evidence of pneumonia in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 1, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13421580/s57044212/05c6f437-00c5dd3e-2c78d21e-40683522-8e9ff770.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral multifocal nodules with left lower lobe consolidation\n and small left base pleural effusion. These bilateral nodules are consistent\n with septic emboli or new opportunistic infection, while the left lower lobe\n consolidation might be penumonia.\n Findings were discussed with Dr ___ at 6:12 pm by Dr ___ Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged and in\n standard position, in particular right IJ catheter and in lower SVC. Left\n subclavian PICC ends in lower SVC. ET tube ends at 4 cm from carina. NG tube\n ends in gastric cavity, but the tip is not visualized. As compared to\n yesterday, lung volumes are persistently low with left retrocardiac \n consolidation and multiple bilateral nodules in the mid and upper lungs. The\n largest in the right upper lobe of 25 mm. These bilateral nodules are\n consistent with septic emboli or new opportunistic infection. The left lower\n lobe consolidation is suspicious for pneumonia. Persistent small pleural\n effusion on the left base. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a new right IJ central line terminating in the mid to low SVC. The lungs are well expanded, with diffusely increased interstitial markings and engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema. Opacity at the left lung base is noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18711952/s51452692/089ab3b5-4b7f0a82-24c89f6a-d876a8f0-34b46929.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema.\n Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary\n artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac\n opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and there is a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax present. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16033763/s53913303/0c7700b8-19401338-187bcaf9-bf35ab7d-5ffed660.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New left large pleural effusions with pulmonary nodules bilaterally. Question\n enlarged heart with pleural effusion. No evidence to suggest tamponade. \n \n These findings were communicated to the ordering physician ___. ___ by Dr.\n ___ at 15:20 on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate new large left pleural\n effusion with diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules better seen on CT dated ___. There is additional shift of the mediastinum to the right\n with an enlarged heart. Question pleural effusion. No evidence of tamponade.\n There is collapse of the left lower lobe. There is no pleural effusion on the\n right. There is no pneumothorax. A single chamber pacemaker is identified\n with its tip terminating in the right ventricle in standard position." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due to slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15693523/s52654474/116fcb38-1309dd16-16643cd1-262b2801-bcc0a0bf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant interval change noting left perihilar mass with subsequent left\n lower lobe collapse and opacities in the aerated left upper lobe. Findings: Better delineated on recent CT scan is a left hilar mass compatible with\n patient's known malignancy with complete left lower lobe collapse is again\n seen. Scattered opacity in the aerated left upper lobe are compatible with\n opacity seen on recent CT. The right lung is grossly clear. Mediastinal shift\n to the left is as seen on prior. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device and\n right Port-A-Cath are again seen. Widespread metastatic disease is better seen\n on prior CT scan." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with its tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with its side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12598684/s54952803/1312be28-d131f758-783e1a08-1e878cba-6236e5ff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is status post\n resection of the eighth right-sided rib. Moreover, the local pleura is\n minimally thickened.\n \n The lung parenchyma shows no evidence of acute changes. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal hilar and\n mediastinal contours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with a tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with a side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11164575/s56430288/1d6f62f9-adc5107d-e66dba67-28c879ec-bcf9e17a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right apical nodular opacity which may be related to a rib or lung abnormality. Further evaluation could be performed either with an apical lordotic chest radiograph or CT scan, as communicated to Dr. ___ by telephone at 8:05 a.m. on ___ at the time of discovery. 2. Cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. 3. No evidence of ingested foreign body in the thoracic esophagus or stomach. Please see comments above regarding the upper cervical region. Findings: No radiopaque foreign body is identified in the imaged portion of the chest or upper abdomen to suggest an ingestion of swallowed dentures. However, only the uppermost portion of the abdomen was included on the study, and dedicated abdominal radiograph may be helpful if there is concern for foreign body in the large or small bowel. In the imaged portion of the neck, two partially imaged cylindrical radiodense foreign bodies are evident, overlying the inferior aspect of the mandible, and may potentially be related to dental hardware, cervical spine hardware, or a structure external to the patient. Dedicated neck imaging could clarify the location if it remains unknown clinically. Within the imaged portion of the chest, an asymmetrical 1.6 cm diameter opacity is seen at the right apex above the level of the right clavicle overlying the fourth posterior rib level. On the single view, it is uncertain whether this is a lung nodule or an abnormality of the rib. Moderate cardiomegaly is accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion and minimal interstitial edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No acute process, in\n particular no pneumonia or pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right apical nodular opacity which may be related to a rib or lung abnormality. Further evaluation could be performed either with an apical lordotic chest radiograph or CT scan, as communicated to Dr. ___ by telephone at 8:05 a.m. on ___ at the time of discovery. 2. Cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema. 3. No evidence of ingested foreign body in the thoracic esophagus or stomach. Please see comments above regarding the upper cervical region. Findings: No radiopaque foreign body is identified in the imaged portion of the chest or upper abdomen to suggest an ingestion of swallowed dentures. However, only the uppermost portion of the abdomen was included on the study, and dedicated abdominal radiograph may be helpful if there is concern for foreign body in the large or small bowel. In the imaged portion of the neck, two partially imaged cylindrical radiodense foreign bodies are evident, overlying the inferior aspect of the mandible, and may potentially be related to dental hardware, cervical spine hardware, or a structure external to the patient. Dedicated neck imaging could clarify the location if it remains unknown clinically. Within the imaged portion of the chest, an asymmetrical 1.6 cm diameter opacity is seen at the right apex above the level of the right clavicle overlying the fourth posterior rib level. On the single view, it is uncertain whether this is a lung nodule or an abnormality of the rib. Moderate cardiomegaly is accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion and minimal interstitial edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a 1.6 cm diameter opacity at the right apex above the level of the right clavicle overlying the fourth posterior rib level. Moderate cardiomegaly is accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion and minimal interstitial edema." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17096560/s54159511/1d8b6f1b-f2623043-0b88aff3-36ffde7e-aba0484f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Trace right pleural effusion. Subtle opacity at the left lower lung may represent overlap of structures or focal pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the posterior right costophrenic angle which may be due to a trace pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. No focal consolidation is seen in the right lung. Subtle opacity at the left lung base may relate to overlap of vascular structures versus early/focal pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the distribution of the\n left pleural effusion is slightly changed, but the overall extent is not. The\n bases of the right lung are better ventilated than on the previous image. The\n size of the cardiac silhouette continues to be enlarged. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Unchanged left pectoral Port-A-Cath." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Trace right pleural effusion. Subtle opacity at the left lower lung may represent overlap of structures or focal pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the posterior right costophrenic angle which may be due to a trace pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. No focal consolidation is seen in the right lung. Subtle opacity at the left lung base may relate to overlap of vascular structures versus early/focal pneumonia. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette and a tortuous aorta. Additionally, there is slight blunting of the posterior right costophrenic angle, which may be due to a trace pleural effusion. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation is seen in the right lung. The left lung base shows subtle opacity, which may relate to overlap of vascular structures versus early/focal pneumonia." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10003502/s51180958/1fa79752-9ddaf5b5-2120ae82-9fec50d6-51f48d1f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No evidence of consolidation to suggest pneumonia is seen. There\n is some retrocardiac atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion may be\n present. No pneumothorax is seen. No pulmonary edema. A right granuloma is\n unchanged. The heart is mildly enlarged, unchanged. There is tortuosity of\n the aorta." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a top normal heart size, slightly increased since the prior study. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19890966/s52385709/28711812-b5fa575d-30520ea7-5add8dca-a49239fe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n visualized." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14429763/s51748293/361c4750-2c4908c8-6102209f-69a347d0-887ee04b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Limited study, however, no acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Upright frontal view of the chest is limited by patient rotation. \n Within this limitation, there is no acute intrathoracic process. The\n mediastinal, pleural and pulmonary structures are unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. Calcifications are noted within\n the aortic arch. Degenerative changes of the cervical spine and clips\n overlying the left neck are seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. This effusion is unchanged compared to the previous radiograph. Additionally, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax on the right side." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s56972774/3ada78bb-a6dcb49e-ac2a09e8-3671d4fe-e3b5aa68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes with improving bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Assessment of the apices is somewhat\n obscured by the patient's chin and soft tissues of the neck projecting over\n and obscuring this region. The heart size appears unchanged, which is within\n normal limits. There does appear to be a left ventricular predominance. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures as a result of low lung volumes. Streaky opacities\n in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis, and appear improved compared to\n the previous radiograph. No pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pneumothorax. Numerous clips are demonstrated in the left upper\n quadrant of the abdomen. Diffuse demineralization of the osseous structures\n is redemonstrated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion, which occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. This effusion is grossly unchanged, although its distribution has slightly changed. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right side, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10773739/s59278582/4286651b-827ede38-fb96335e-fc2778b6-7c25eb40.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further decrease of the pre-existing opacity. Currently, neither on the frontal nor the lateral radiograph, is there any concern for an active inflammatory change. Known scarring after breast surgery. No pleural effusions. Mild cardiomegaly. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Minimal residual linear opacities in\n the left lower lung likely scarring and small left effusion and or pleural\n thickening Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The right lung is clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or right pleural effusion. There is mild elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm unchanged from prior. Opacities in the left lower hemithorax\n have markedly improved with residual probably scarring. Blunting of the left\n costophrenic angles could represent a small effusion or pleural thickening. \n The osseous structures are unremarkable" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further decrease of the pre-existing opacity. Currently, neither on the frontal nor the lateral radiograph, is there any concern for an active inflammatory change. Known scarring after breast surgery. No pleural effusions. Mild cardiomegaly. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a further decrease of the pre-existing opacity, which is a positive sign. However, it is important to note that there is no concern for an active inflammatory change in the image. Additionally, there is known scarring after breast surgery, and no pleural effusions are present. Lastly, there is mild cardiomegaly, which indicates an enlarged heart." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13894716/s50640883/42dc981d-4c3414ee-55574b45-e63422d8-81395b98.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral interstitial infiltrates most consistent with edema. Continued\n evidence of left lower lobe atelectasis or consolidation. Findings: There are persistent bilateral interstitial infiltrates likely representing\n edema. In addition, there is increased density in the retrocardiac area\n consistent with atelectasis and possibly consolidation. Streaky density\n consistent with subsegmental atelectasis in the middle lobe is no longer\n apparent. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and right internal jugular\n catheter remain in place. Mediastinal structures are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without confluent consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16686190/s59889763/49af2ff8-ff268b7f-50035a5b-237ad933-2159c08d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Top-normal to mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged.\n Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion occupying approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is unchanged, although its distribution has slightly changed. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10401700/s50064627/4f0f1c98-127de941-be134310-bf433d4a-c79e22aa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a calcified granuloma in the right lower lung, along with cervical fusion hardware partially imaged in the lower C-spine. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal, and no bony abnormality is seen. Additionally, there is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18713335/s58318194/52dba646-d5793a41-017a31e5-359f85e9-fdc22168.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs hyperinflated but clear without focal opacity, pulmonary edema or pneumothorax. Minimal left pleural thickening is unchanged since ___. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac\n silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more\n crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases,\n but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No\n lung nodules or masses." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs hyperinflated but clear without focal opacity, pulmonary edema or pneumothorax. Minimal left pleural thickening is unchanged since ___. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperinflated lungs that are clear without focal opacity, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Additionally, there is minimal left pleural thickening that has remained unchanged since ___. The cardiac and mediastinal contours appear normal, and there is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17680905/s59578157/5706865f-64746402-2e5c6bfb-943aa9c1-3e276a08.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The intra-aortic balloon pump tip is 11 mm below the aortic knob the remainder\n the appearance of the chest is unchanged" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without confluent consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable, and there is hypertrophic change in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14798972/s53979892/57dd280e-66b834fd-411e60fb-2264a0f9-7a3c7b24.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. The ascending thoracic aorta it is tortuous or dilated, responsible for convex lateral contour of the right upper mediastinum, which is unchanged since ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, pre-existing right\n pneumothorax appears to have completely resolved. No pneumothorax is seen on\n today's image. Unchanged course and position of the right Port-A-Cath,\n decreasing extent of the pre-existing right lateral soft tissue air\n collection.\n \n The cardiac silhouette and the left lung are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. The ascending thoracic aorta it is tortuous or dilated, responsible for convex lateral contour of the right upper mediastinum, which is unchanged since ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no radiographic evidence of pneumonia. The findings include no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal, and the ascending thoracic aorta is tortuous or dilated, responsible for the convex lateral contour of the right upper mediastinum." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11932181/s53880874/57eb3bc1-e545c54d-119c0054-14d0f8cd-7d46d994.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No appreciable pneumothorax following left chest tube removal. Findings: The postoperative appearance of the lung following left lower lobectomy is stable. The left-sided chest tube has been removed. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with associated left basilar subsegmental atelectasis is unchanged. Left chest wall subcutaneous emphysema has slightly improved. Heart size is normal. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable and within normal limits. The\n hila are within normal limits. There is volume loss of the left upper lung. \n The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Deformity\n of the left posterior sixth rib is again noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No appreciable pneumothorax following left chest tube removal. Findings: The postoperative appearance of the lung following left lower lobectomy is stable. The left-sided chest tube has been removed. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with associated left basilar subsegmental atelectasis is unchanged. Left chest wall subcutaneous emphysema has slightly improved. Heart size is normal. There is no appreciable pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The postoperative appearance of the lung following left lower lobectomy is stable. The left-sided chest tube has been removed. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with associated left basilar subsegmental atelectasis is unchanged. Left chest wall subcutaneous emphysema has slightly improved. Heart size is normal. There is no appreciable pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18548611/s54082213/5e4621d6-249803ba-afaa008b-2751e009-8daaa308.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are well expanded and\n grossly clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion occupying approximately half of the left hemithorax. This effusion has not changed significantly since the previous radiograph. Additionally, there is unchanged left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right side, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s57386788/5efa2f05-aa177e84-93949bd0-2744fb04-908b9a48.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Clear lungs without focal consolidation. Probable right-sided aortic arch. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There appears to be a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Limited exam, no acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views the chest. Subtle prominence of the right hilar\n bronchovascular markings may reflect AP technique. No definite consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. No overt edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. No acute bony injuries." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Clear lungs without focal consolidation. Probable right-sided aortic arch. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There appears to be a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Additionally, there is a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette does not appear to be enlarged." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19175595/s52873579/756771db-5805a998-08667cd8-f505ae42-22e2414b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Resolution of apical portion of left pneumothorax with lower left\n hydropneumothorax; no evidence of tension. Findings: There is no longer an apical component to the previously described\n left pneumothorax. A small-to-moderate left pleural effusion persists on the\n left with few areas of streaky associated atelectasis. An air-fluid level\n best seen on the lateral view indicated some degree of hydropneumothorax. \n There is no evidence of diaphragmatic flattening or mediastinal shift. Right\n mid rib fractures are nondisplaced, not well appreciated on the current exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows shallow inspiration, bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, a tiny right pleural effusion, and borderline heart size. Pulmonary vascularity is accentuated by shallow inspiration. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical history and symptoms, and further evaluation may be needed to determine the cause and significance of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12598684/s54952803/766b651a-bf318a3c-a6e00002-e595f99a-1a97ffae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is status post\n resection of the eighth right-sided rib. Moreover, the local pleura is\n minimally thickened.\n \n The lung parenchyma shows no evidence of acute changes. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal hilar and\n mediastinal contours." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with its tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with its side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13260103/s53169484/8222390f-cdfd6433-74a649ee-a28aeae9-88fd56fe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases, but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No lung nodules or masses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral pleural thickening with possible small pleural effusions. Bibasilar\n atelectasis and possible minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Blunting of the bilateral costophrenic angles may be due to small bilateral\n effusions and/or pleural thickening. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is also seen.\n There is no definite focal consolidation. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. \n The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. There may be very minimal pulmonary\n vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases, but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No lung nodules or masses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a moderately increased cardiac silhouette, which may indicate an enlarged heart or other cardiac abnormalities. However, it is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17079101/s55257270/83cada44-22eeaa71-e5622be6-dd3eb0ad-9b1ccc68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent massive cardiomegaly with increasing, now moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Interval placement of a right-sided IJ central venous line, with the tip terminating in the distal SVC at the cavoatrial junction. The heart remains markedly enlarged, which may reflect cardiomegaly although pericardial effusion should also be considered. There has been interval appearance of mild interstitial edema. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right PICC retracted with tip terminating in the upper-to-mid\n SVC.\n \n Findings were reported by Dr. ___ to IV nurse, ___, via\n telephone at 10:40 a.m. on ___. Findings: The right PICC has been retracted with the tip now terminating in\n the upper-to-mid SVC. The appearance of the chest is otherwise unchanged from\n chest radiograph performed earlier the same day with evidence of right-sided\n volume loss, mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild bibasilar\n atelectasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent massive cardiomegaly with increasing, now moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Interval placement of a right-sided IJ central venous line, with the tip terminating in the distal SVC at the cavoatrial junction. The heart remains markedly enlarged, which may reflect cardiomegaly although pericardial effusion should also be considered. There has been interval appearance of mild interstitial edema. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a markedly enlarged heart, which may be indicative of cardiomegaly. Additionally, there is mild interstitial edema present in the image. It is important to consider the patient's clinical history and symptoms, as well as consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis of the underlying cause of these findings." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s57547663/8792030f-fa92ef26-20cc8462-d46e5176-1dd9ee64.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right lower lobe pneumonia. 2. A rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. Attention on follow-up and correlation with clinical examination is recommended as this may lie outside the patient. Findings: A right lower lobe opacity is concerning for pneumonia. A rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. Osseous structures are unremarkable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Significant improvement in pulmonary aeration with persistent\n reticular perihilar markings, possibly representing residua of recent\n pulmonary infection. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is\n significant interval improvement in lung aeration. Vague reticular opacities\n persist in the perihilar regions, possibly representing residual pneumonia. \n No definite signs of CHF, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and\n mediastinal contours appear normal. Interval removal of the endotracheal and\n nasogastric tubes. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right lower lobe pneumonia. 2. A rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. Attention on follow-up and correlation with clinical examination is recommended as this may lie outside the patient. Findings: A right lower lobe opacity is concerning for pneumonia. A rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. Osseous structures are unremarkable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right lower lobe opacity that is concerning for pneumonia. Additionally, a rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. The osseous structures appear unremarkable, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is also unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax present in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11932181/s55708104/8894a073-a8fc7130-d4c16a1a-200a8663-2f3577f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Note is made of an azygos lobe. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Left apical curvilinear structure may represent pleural surface,\n but vessels are seen coursing superior to this structure, making pneumothorax\n unlikely. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates well-expanded,\n clear lungs. There is a curvilinear structure in the upper left hemithorax\n which may represent the pleural surface, but vessels are seen extending\n superior to this line, making pneumothorax unlikely. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion. Again seen is\n a nodular opacity in the left upper lung, consistent with area of biopsy\n today." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Note is made of an azygos lobe. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal cardiomediastinal contours and clear lungs. Additionally, there is a mention of an azygos lobe. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and the osseous structures appear unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s56650370/8e1f4766-c0852f98-8c4c8db6-57182af8-99ec6bb1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. 2. COPD. Findings: The lungs are noted to be hyperinflated, compatible with the patient's known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The previously described multiple sub-4 mm right upper lobe pulmonary nodules are not well visualized on this examination. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute bony abnormality is detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Both lungs are clear with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. 2. COPD. Findings: The lungs are noted to be hyperinflated, compatible with the patient's known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The previously described multiple sub-4 mm right upper lobe pulmonary nodules are not well visualized on this examination. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute bony abnormality is detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperinflated lungs, which is compatible with the patient's known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The previously described multiple sub-4 mm right upper lobe pulmonary nodules are not well visualized on this examination. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and no acute bony abnormality is detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16346354/s55299733/92a5d6c1-3f56ede1-91a82ea3-97a0a28c-b540ac54.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion and small bilateral effusions. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings seen throughout the lungs when compared to prior. Small bilateral effusions are seen as well, right greater than left. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are also noted. Degenerative changes are seen at the left shoulder, potentially post-traumatic. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is present with left ventricular configuration of the heart.\n Aorta is tortuous, and pulmonary vascularity is normal. Focal linear scar in\n the lingula is present as well as localized appear pleural and parenchymal\n scarring at the right base, with latter unchanged since the prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion and small bilateral effusions. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings seen throughout the lungs when compared to prior. Small bilateral effusions are seen as well, right greater than left. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are also noted. Degenerative changes are seen at the left shoulder, potentially post-traumatic. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows increased interstitial markings throughout the lungs when compared to prior. Additionally, small bilateral effusions are present, with the right side being greater than the left. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in configuration. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are also noted. Degenerative changes are seen at the left shoulder, potentially post-traumatic." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16265536/s59563273/94559fca-c712619f-88d28bb4-241c950e-94d1d4a5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Heart size is normal. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Heart size is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The right PICC tip is in an unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear, and the pulmonary vasculature is normal. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17559288/s59762894/94cf13e6-4ce08671-ed55ba8e-42a83718-37c56071.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Decreasing but persisting pulmonary edema. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. A gastric tube extends to the body of the stomach. Pacing leads are again noted overlying the right atrium and right ventricular apex with the battery pack projecting over the left hemi abdomen. Unchanged pacer leads along the left lateral chest. Slight interval decrease in the extent of the perihilar opacities. A persisting retrocardiac opacity is present, likely reflecting atelectasis and a pleural effusion. No pneumothorax identified. Surgical clips project over the right upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of an endotracheal tube with its tip approximately 3.1 cm above the\n carina. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are again seen, possibly\n even more intense than previously on the right." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Decreasing but persisting pulmonary edema. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. A gastric tube extends to the body of the stomach. Pacing leads are again noted overlying the right atrium and right ventricular apex with the battery pack projecting over the left hemi abdomen. Unchanged pacer leads along the left lateral chest. Slight interval decrease in the extent of the perihilar opacities. A persisting retrocardiac opacity is present, likely reflecting atelectasis and a pleural effusion. No pneumothorax identified. Surgical clips project over the right upper quadrant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a decrease in pulmonary edema, but it still persists. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea, and a gastric tube extends to the body of the stomach. Pacing leads are again noted overlying the right atrium and right ventricular apex with the battery pack projecting over the left hemi abdomen. Unchanged pacer leads along the left lateral chest are also visible. The extent of the perihilar opacities has slightly decreased, and a persisting retrocardiac opacity is present, likely reflecting atelectasis and a pleural effusion. No pneumothorax was identified in the image. Surgical clips project over the right upper quadrant." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s56972774/96783e57-b5dd59af-319563e6-f8f155cf-ffa2de57.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes with improving bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Assessment of the apices is somewhat\n obscured by the patient's chin and soft tissues of the neck projecting over\n and obscuring this region. The heart size appears unchanged, which is within\n normal limits. There does appear to be a left ventricular predominance. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures as a result of low lung volumes. Streaky opacities\n in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis, and appear improved compared to\n the previous radiograph. No pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pneumothorax. Numerous clips are demonstrated in the left upper\n quadrant of the abdomen. Diffuse demineralization of the osseous structures\n is redemonstrated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal, and a calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax present. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities, and there is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s54669301/999a39cb-f40385f6-572e068e-ea67663b-8adb5431.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The right IJ CVC has been removed. There is no pneumothorax.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right lower lung opacity compatible with pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs show a subtle opacity in the left\n lung base compatible with pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The cardiac, hilar, and\n mediastinal contours are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The right IJ CVC has been removed. There is no pneumothorax.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. The right IJ CVC has been removed, and there is no pneumothorax. Additionally, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14158492/s55003488/a0f5a683-e287a03c-6fa57c7c-0e9ea9bb-a7ee872f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Normal mediastinal and hilar contours. Mild cardiomegaly with normal pulmonary vasculature. Clear lungs without interstitial edema or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively low lung volumes without evidence of pneumonia or\n pulmonary edema. Neither the frontal nor the lateral radiographs show\n evidence of pleural effusions. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No\n abnormal hilar or mediastinal contours. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Normal mediastinal and hilar contours. Mild cardiomegaly with normal pulmonary vasculature. Clear lungs without interstitial edema or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows normal mediastinal and hilar contours, mild cardiomegaly with normal pulmonary vasculature, and clear lungs without interstitial edema or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10543994/s58473321/a35725a6-cea21ad3-08b4e359-ffa6686f-8bb4f626.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Clear lungs without focal consolidation. Probable right-sided aortic arch. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There appears to be a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subpleural reticular opacities better assessed on the recent CT of the chest\n likely representing early interstitial lung disease. Mild cardiomegaly Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There are subpleural reticular opacities as seen on prior CT compatible with\n early interstitial lung disease. The heart size appears mildly enlarged. The\n mediastinal contour is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Clear lungs without focal consolidation. Probable right-sided aortic arch. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There appears to be a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Additionally, there is a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette appears to be normal in size." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15154281/s58371143/a3de483f-15711cf1-0123d198-14a34d08-69b4eca8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Subtle opacities in the lower\n lungs likely atelectasis or bronchovascular crowding. If needed, a repeat\n study with more optimized inspiratory effort may be performed to confirm. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Low lung volumes\n somewhat limit evaluation. Likely mild atelectasis or bronchovascular\n crowding accounts for subtle opacities in the lower lungs. There is no\n definite sign of pneumonia, CHF, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11717909/s57608934/a6d94c92-b9884e9a-493bceef-9f6c698a-83d8b674.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with appropriately positioned Swan-Ganz catheter.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usually accepted positioning. Findings: Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter is appropriately positioned.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is roughly 1.4 cm from the apex of the aortic\n arch. Heart size is enlarged and bilateral parenchymal opacities likely\n represent pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. No\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax, which is unchanged in this patient. Additionally, the left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in the upper atrium." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s50572963/ab80b235-0f6e4319-62504f7b-e293fad3-0ad33347.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings most consistent with congestive heart failure and a right pleural effusion. Findings: Patient slightly rotated. Lung volumes are low. Bilateral increased pulmonary congestion with moderate edema is demonstrated. Opacity in the right lower lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm likely reflects a combination of a small right pleural effusion, atelectasis, and edema. No pneumothorax. No appreciable left pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. The heart is moderately enlarged, similar to the prior exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Volume loss in both lower lungs has increased compared to the prior day. the\n heart size is mildly enlarged and there is mild pulmonary vascular\n redistribution. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Findings most consistent with congestive heart failure and a right pleural effusion. Findings: Patient slightly rotated. Lung volumes are low. Bilateral increased pulmonary congestion with moderate edema is demonstrated. Opacity in the right lower lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm likely reflects a combination of a small right pleural effusion, atelectasis, and edema. No pneumothorax. No appreciable left pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality. The heart is moderately enlarged, similar to the prior exam. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows findings consistent with congestive heart failure and a right pleural effusion. The patient's lung volumes are low, and there is increased pulmonary congestion with moderate edema. The right lower lobe shows opacity with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm, which may reflect a combination of a small right pleural effusion, atelectasis, and edema. No pneumothorax or appreciable left pleural effusion is noted. The heart appears to be moderately enlarged, similar to the prior exam." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11614040/s57214129/ae000d03-91aa28dd-ccd3897d-ceb92206-fba185ff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild left basilar atelectasis. Compression deformity within the upper thoracic spine is new compared to the prior study, but is age indeterminate. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. Minimal left basilar atelectasis is noted. No definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Compression deformity of an upper thoracic vertebral body appears new compared to the prior study, but remains age indeterminate. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion slightly increased as compared to the prior\n study.\n \n Interval increase in right base opacity may represent combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, underlying consolidation is not excluded.\n \n Pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Moderate left pleural effusion has slightly increased in the interval with\n overlying atelectasis. New right base opacity is seen, may represent\n combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis with overlying consolidation. \n Fluid is seen tracking in the minor fissure on the lateral view. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiac silhouette difficult x-ray\n assessed due to the bibasilar opacities. The aorta is calcified. Right-sided\n Port-A-Cath is seen, with distal tip in the expected location of the right\n atrium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild left basilar atelectasis. Compression deformity within the upper thoracic spine is new compared to the prior study, but is age indeterminate. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. Minimal left basilar atelectasis is noted. No definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Compression deformity of an upper thoracic vertebral body appears new compared to the prior study, but remains age indeterminate. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a mildly enlarged heart, stable mediastinal and hilar contours, and stable pulmonary vascularity. Additionally, there is minimal left basilar atelectasis and no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax. A new compression deformity of an upper thoracic vertebral body is also noted, but remains age indeterminate." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11778596/s51411261/b1013c9a-72cbbabf-f3f57999-0e872542-c493daa7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of COPD. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant interval change. No acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable. No evidence of pneumomediastinum is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of COPD. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows hyperinflated lungs, which are suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. The heart appears normal in size, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is also normal." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11520249/s58466105/b22978a8-b5b4125a-08c7a341-112606a4-cbd852a9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary interstitial edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. A left chest\n wall pacer device is seen with catheter extending into the expected location\n of the right ventricle, unchanged. There is mild central pulmonary vascular\n engorgement which could indicate mild increased pulmonary pressures. The\n heart is stably enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic knob\n noted. Lung volumes are low, though there is no definite sign of pneumonia. \n Bony structures appear intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without confluent consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable, and there is hypertrophic change in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13894716/s50640883/b9c5fa7a-09bd7ea7-3a8d70e1-294c2963-340a8244.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Persistent presumed free left subdiaphragmatic air due to recent G-tube placement, as discussed with the clinician yesterday. On this semi-erect view, it is difficult to evaluate for interval change. 2. Persistent mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Re- demonstration of a small amount of presumed free subdiaphragmatic air below left hemidiaphragm, described previously as the likely a consequence of recent percutaneous G-tube placement. On this semi-erect view, it is difficult to evaluate for interval change. Persistent mild pulmonary edema, without new focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Small bilateral effusions are unchanged. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is also unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral interstitial infiltrates most consistent with edema. Continued\n evidence of left lower lobe atelectasis or consolidation. Findings: There are persistent bilateral interstitial infiltrates likely representing\n edema. In addition, there is increased density in the retrocardiac area\n consistent with atelectasis and possibly consolidation. Streaky density\n consistent with subsegmental atelectasis in the middle lobe is no longer\n apparent. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and right internal jugular\n catheter remain in place. Mediastinal structures are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Persistent presumed free left subdiaphragmatic air due to recent G-tube placement, as discussed with the clinician yesterday. On this semi-erect view, it is difficult to evaluate for interval change. 2. Persistent mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Re- demonstration of a small amount of presumed free subdiaphragmatic air below left hemidiaphragm, described previously as the likely a consequence of recent percutaneous G-tube placement. On this semi-erect view, it is difficult to evaluate for interval change. Persistent mild pulmonary edema, without new focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Small bilateral effusions are unchanged. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is also unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a small amount of presumed free subdiaphragmatic air below the left hemidiaphragm, which is likely a result of recent percutaneous G-tube placement. Additionally, there is persistent mild pulmonary edema, without new focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Small bilateral effusions are unchanged, and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is also unchanged." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11226572/s59178330/c468a266-8cdc345b-7830d55d-85f6be9c-42a47dc9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Left lung base opacity, likely due to chronic atelectasis. No hilar\n lymphadenopathy. Findings: There is o pacitiy at the left lung base, but is unchanged since ___\n when patient was asymptomatic. This suggests chronic scarring. Otherwise,\n there are no focal consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No\n evidence of hilar lymphadenopathy. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours, normal pulmonary vasculature, and a 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs appears clear without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10072167/s50281931/c76de023-08a7d41a-65fe1516-f8e01a85-18399055.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Normal lung volumes. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal\n hilar and mediastinal structures. Minimal scarring at the lateral aspects of\n the right lung. No lung nodules or masses suggesting metastatic disease. No\n pleural effusions. No diffuse or focal lung parenchymal disease." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size and unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours. The pulmonary vasculature appears normal, and there is an ___ x 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs is clear without focal consolidation, and there are no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19079797/s52498426/ca35468b-f8c1177c-cb354cc1-79281df8-b354b74d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Patient is status post median sternotomy with postoperative cardiac and\n mediastinal contours. The aorta is somewhat unfolded and tortuous. Lung\n volumes are low with faint opacities at both bases most likely representing\n patchy atelectasis in this setting of low lung volumes. No evidence of\n pulmonary edema, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Findings: Portable supine chest film of ___ at 04:14 is submitted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Additionally, there is unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia, or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14501307/s51916515/cfc5f6b6-2c7ddc4f-f34bdcc8-2880d8b7-54333272.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Top normal heart size. Otherwise, unremarkable. Clinical\n correlation is advised given patient's age. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n heart appears top normal in size. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Additionally, there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s53273352/d37198a2-d588ccee-08feb12c-5d4942b3-98453d12.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Comparison is made to the prior radiographs from ___.\n \n Heart size is enlarged but stable. There is atelectasis at the lung bases. \n There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions, left worse than right and\n there is prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings which is slightly\n improved. There are no pneumothoraces." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows clear lungs without confluent consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable, and there is hypertrophic change in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures appear to be otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11619788/s58277756/d468d381-defa9a3f-980dcf37-2507e827-dde4f6c9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis Findings: Lung volumes are low resulting in\n bronchovascular crowding. Linear opacities in the lung bases likely reflect\n atelectasis. There is no overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions\n are identified. There is no confluent consolidation or pneumothorax. \n Calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The heart size is normal, and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob, and pulmonary vascularity is normal with grossly clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present, and there are multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. Additionally, there are marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints, but no acute osseous abnormalities are seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11932181/s52153858/d593896e-25d268b0-0a8ededc-4a4c401c-c72b8357.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Relatively low inspiratory effort is seen which results in accentuation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette which is likely within normal limits. The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Status post left upper lobectomy with left-sided volume loss\n which is increased as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post left upper lobectomy with significant volume loss again seen on\n the left with suggestion of interval increase in volume loss as compared to\n the prior study. No definite pleural effusion is seen. In the visualized\n left lower lung field, there is a patchy opacity likely present on the prior\n study and most likely relates to underlying volume loss, although a\n superimposed infection is not entirely excluded. The right lung is clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable. Surgical clips in the upper quadrant are from\n presumed prior cholecystectomy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Relatively low inspiratory effort is seen which results in accentuation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette which is likely within normal limits. The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray image shows no acute cardiopulmonary process. The findings include PA and lateral views of the chest, with relatively low inspiratory effort and accentuation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion, and there is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality was detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15479108/s50384009/d8b7273b-a7fcc609-c3282bbb-34e43194-ff77283e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No radiographic findings to suggest the presence of sarcoid or\n tuberculosis. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits\n and without change. Lungs are clear except for a small linear focus of\n atelectasis of scar at the left lung base. No pleural effusion or acute\n skeletal findings." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size and unremarkable mediastinal and hilar contours. The pulmonary vasculature appears normal, and there is an ___ x 12 mm nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. The remainder of the lungs is clear without focal consolidation, and there is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Additionally, there are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10738077/s52247104/df51559d-507712fb-fa6e2962-7da4f76b-a209ffe9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, a little more congested than his best recent chest radiograph on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Mild pulmonary vascular redistribution persists. Interstitial prominence is likely chronic. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right PICC with tip terminating in right axilla. These findings were\n communicated to surgical house staff officer ___ by Dr. ___\n ___ telephone at 10:00 on ___. Findings: The AP portable chest radiograph demonstrates right PICC which terminates in\n the axilla. There is no focal consolidation. There is bibasilar atelectasis.\n Heart size is top-normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. There is no pneumothorax or appreciable pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, a little more congested than his best recent chest radiograph on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Mild pulmonary vascular redistribution persists. Interstitial prominence is likely chronic. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild pulmonary vascular redistribution and interstitial prominence, which is likely chronic. The heart and mediastinal contours appear to be within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10003502/s52309364/e0275ad1-1e6a7451-c3960f5f-1267a188-547b73a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild to large bilateral, right greater than left pleural effusions. Degree\n of pulmonary edema may have slightly improved since prior exam although\n detailed evaluation is limited. Findings: Moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions are again seen, likely right\n greater than left. There is suspected superimposed pulmonary edema may have\n slightly improved since prior although detailed evaluation is limited given\n layering pleural effusions. Vasculature appears less engorged. Cardiac\n silhouette cannot be assessed." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a normal heart size, slightly increased since the prior study. The lungs are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13894716/s58676331/e2cf84dd-8e0f61bb-4068b19d-3dd7f5f6-454cab9e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant interval change since the radiograph from earlier today. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. A\n gastric tube is present, the tip projecting over the stomach. A right\n internal jugular central venous catheter extends into the midportion of the\n SVC.\n \n Unchanged opacity in the right peritracheal region and around the right hilum.\n The right costophrenic angle is not included on these radiographs. No\n pneumothorax identified. Small left pleural effusion.\n \n The appearance of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Comparison is made to previous study from ___. There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube with its tip 3.3 cm above the carina, which could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. Additionally, there is a nasogastric tube with its side port near the GE junction, which could be advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. The image also shows stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as well as slight prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s54669301/e6828d47-61cbfa6e-0213c719-e6864bd1-2bd635b9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right lower lung opacity compatible with pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs show a subtle opacity in the left\n lung base compatible with pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The cardiac, hilar, and\n mediastinal contours are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows shallow inspiration, bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis, a tiny right pleural effusion, and borderline heart size. Pulmonary vascularity is accentuated by shallow inspiration." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14473057/s56003480/e7267408-50278738-19fb9b1a-0e194253-046fa395.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bilateral lower lobe volume loss more extensive on the right than on the left. Is unclear if this is all volume loss or if an underlying infiltrate is also present Findings: As seen on the thoracic spine films from earlier the same day there is severe volume loss in both lower lungs as seen by retrocardiac opacities. The right mainstem bronchus in particular is deviated downward secondary to this volume loss however. There has been some slight improved aeration in the right mid lung \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is accentuated as result, appearing\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. \n Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary\n edema. Minimal patchy opacities within the lung bases likely reflect areas of\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected on this supine exam. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bilateral lower lobe volume loss more extensive on the right than on the left. Is unclear if this is all volume loss or if an underlying infiltrate is also present Findings: As seen on the thoracic spine films from earlier the same day there is severe volume loss in both lower lungs as seen by retrocardiac opacities. The right mainstem bronchus in particular is deviated downward secondary to this volume loss however. There has been some slight improved aeration in the right mid lung \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows severe volume loss in both lower lungs, as evidenced by retrocardiac opacities. The right mainstem bronchus is deviated downward secondary to this volume loss. There has been some slight improved aeration in the right mid lung." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13270675/s55403615/ecb75c7e-8737e1e1-a77376ea-c4b1aea9-7021ccac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes. Mild cardiomegaly and perihilar vascular congestion, slightly progressed since ___ exam. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes. Heart is mildly enlarged. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Perihilar vascular congestion is noted. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Comparison is made to CT scan from ___.\n \n There is a nasogastric tube whose tip is in the fundus of stomach; however,\n the side port is above the GE junction. The catheter could be advanced an\n additional 10 cm for more optimal placement. Heart size is within normal\n limits. The visualized lung fields are grossly clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes. Mild cardiomegaly and perihilar vascular congestion, slightly progressed since ___ exam. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes. Heart is mildly enlarged. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Perihilar vascular congestion is noted. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows low lung volumes, mild cardiomegaly, and perihilar vascular congestion. The heart appears to be mildly enlarged, but there is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. The hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable, and the partially imaged upper abdomen is also unremarkable." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19560275/s57248462/ed75f13d-51f62718-7271bf99-9086d33c-c72f7f23.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Unchanged cardiomegaly. As before, there are midline sternotomy wires and several mediastinal clips. The patient is status post aortic valve replacement. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion. Again seen is prominent extrapleural fat at the right midlung laterally, underlying chronic right lateral rib fractures. There is exaggerated thoracic kyphosis with mild wedging of multiple mid thoracic vertebral bodies. Chronic mid right clavicular fracture is also noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions with likely loculated component along the right\n major fissure. Pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. There is cardiomegaly. \n Prominence of the main pulmonary artery raises concern for pulmonary arterial\n hypertension. Fluid is seen along the right major fissure, likely loculated. \n There are small bilateral pleural effusions. Right perihilar opacity may be\n due to vascular congestion and/or atelectasis, although focal consolidation is\n difficult to exclude. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Unchanged cardiomegaly. As before, there are midline sternotomy wires and several mediastinal clips. The patient is status post aortic valve replacement. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion. Again seen is prominent extrapleural fat at the right midlung laterally, underlying chronic right lateral rib fractures. There is exaggerated thoracic kyphosis with mild wedging of multiple mid thoracic vertebral bodies. Chronic mid right clavicular fracture is also noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. However, there are some findings that are unchanged, such as midline sternotomy wires and several mediastinal clips. The patient has undergone aortic valve replacement. The lungs appear clear, and there is no pleural effusion. Prominent extrapleural fat is seen at the right midlung laterally, underlying chronic right lateral rib fractures. Additionally, there is exaggerated thoracic kyphosis with mild wedging of multiple mid thoracic vertebral bodies, and a chronic mid right clavicular fracture is also noted." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11941487/s57818787/f19575cf-a6ee7054-d30f3c82-aba71fa9-681c61fd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Right sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the upper SVC. Left-sided central venous catheter terminates in the proximal right atrium, unchanged. Lung volumes are low. Cardiac silhouette size is accentuated as a result of low lung volumes and is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, large effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for technique. No acute\n osseous abnormality is identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Right sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the upper SVC. Left-sided central venous catheter terminates in the proximal right atrium, unchanged. Lung volumes are low. Cardiac silhouette size is accentuated as a result of low lung volumes and is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminating in the upper superior vena cava (SVC). Additionally, there is a left-sided central venous catheter terminating in the proximal right atrium. Lung volumes are low, and the cardiac silhouette size is accentuated due to low lung volumes and is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable, and pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, and no pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11135350/s53277637/f3a27e2d-1d0d73bc-b7394f0c-7ed82c79-189ddee5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of earlier in this date, the endotracheal tube tip lies approximately 3.8 cm above the carina. Other monitoring and support devices are unchanged. There is a new area of thick linear opacification in the left mid zone, suggestive of atelectasis. There is also some increased opacification in the area adjacent to the aortic knob, which could be a focus of atelectasis or, in the appropriate clinical setting, aspiration. The right lung is clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subtotal left lung collapse with significant leftward mediastinal shift\n concerning for an airway obstruction such as an endobronchial lesion, foreign\n body, or mucous plug. Findings: Since the chest radiographs obtained 3 days prior, there has been a\n significant increase in left lung atelectasis with leftward mediastinal shift.\n Patient positioning does not account for all apparent mediastinal shift. \n Unable to assess for concomitant left pleural effusions or consolidation. The\n right lung is fully expanded and clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of earlier in this date, the endotracheal tube tip lies approximately 3.8 cm above the carina. Other monitoring and support devices are unchanged. There is a new area of thick linear opacification in the left mid zone, suggestive of atelectasis. There is also some increased opacification in the area adjacent to the aortic knob, which could be a focus of atelectasis or, in the appropriate clinical setting, aspiration. The right lung is clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows an endotracheal tube tip approximately 3.8 cm above the carina, with unchanged monitoring and support devices. Additionally, there is a new area of thick linear opacification in the left mid zone, suggestive of atelectasis, and increased opacification in the area adjacent to the aortic knob. The right lung appears clear." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19175595/s54079675/f9e9f170-19e813d2-a7c0fbe9-2610a969-b3913c3c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild basilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison to earlier study of this date, there are lower lung\n volumes with little change in the degree of small-to-moderate left\n pneumothorax. Opacification in the retrocardiac region is consistent with\n atelectasis. Right lung is clear and there is no evidence of vascular\n congestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild basilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax visible in the image. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes appear stable, and no pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10750092/s52347962/f9f2994d-0072f6aa-32cf61c7-af016a0a-5e32b37a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Equivocal left lower lobe opacity could reflect pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. 2. Stable right suprahilar mass with right lung volume loss. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable. The hila are unremarkable, although the right hilum is suboptimally assessed. The right suprahilar mass is grossly stable in appearance. Right lung volume loss is unchanged. Left lower lung airspace opacity is only appreciated on frontal projection, and appears new since prior exams. No correlate is identified on lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This\n could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a\n nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be\n advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight\n prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus\n developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Equivocal left lower lobe opacity could reflect pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. 2. Stable right suprahilar mass with right lung volume loss. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable. The hila are unremarkable, although the right hilum is suboptimally assessed. The right suprahilar mass is grossly stable in appearance. Right lung volume loss is unchanged. Left lower lung airspace opacity is only appreciated on frontal projection, and appears new since prior exams. No correlate is identified on lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows stable cardiomediastinal silhouettes, unremarkable hila, a grossly stable right suprahilar mass, unchanged right lung volume loss, and new left lower lung airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12424405/s55900756/0031401d-0506c0cc-964f493e-c7e40618-2047871e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19468400/s59457175/013d509d-3aabeff2-5f8a03ca-0fa9071b-9475198d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The patient is rotated, limiting assessment. The mediastinum is normal in size\n and contour. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hila are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax lungs are expanded and clear without\n focal consolidation. Gaseous distention of multiple bowel loops is noted in\n the upper abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15911529/s59474704/0184704e-f5d6feff-cbe7f37e-d6c77a0f-db1e7472.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. Repeat CXR after diuresis is recommended to assess. Findings: The lung volumes are low with secondary widening of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and vascular congestion. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No overall change in the size of the right pleural effusion after removal of\n the right pigtail catheter. No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval removal of the right pigtail catheter. Otherwise, no overall change\n since the previous exam. The loculated right pleural effusion, which\n demonstrates some tracking in the minor fissure is grossly stable. Mild right\n lateral pleural thickening. Small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax or\n pulmonary edema. Stable cardiomegaly and cardiomediastinal contours. No\n changes in the position of the 3 lead cardiac device." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. Repeat CXR after diuresis is recommended to assess. Findings: The lung volumes are low with secondary widening of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and vascular congestion. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10575262/s51022437/01f860b4-313df5f2-ef6df995-a3bff91e-0e53eadd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable post-pneumonectomy changes. Interval improvement in the extent of right chest wall subcutaneous emphysema. Findings: There is a large amount of fluid in the right hemithorax, with multiple air-fluid levels; this is not significantly changed in appearance compared to ___ and represents normal post-pneumonectomy changes. The left lung is essentially clear, without focal consolidations, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The left heart border appears normal. Mild calcification of the aortic arch. There is been interval improvement in the extent of the previously noted subcutaneous emphysema along the right chest wall. Other than the right ___ and 7th rib fractures which are likely post-surgical, there are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Findings likely reflective of mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged, slightly increased compared to the prior\n exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion with trace amount of fluid tracking within the\n fissures. No large pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. There is\n no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable post-pneumonectomy changes. Interval improvement in the extent of right chest wall subcutaneous emphysema. Findings: There is a large amount of fluid in the right hemithorax, with multiple air-fluid levels; this is not significantly changed in appearance compared to ___ and represents normal post-pneumonectomy changes. The left lung is essentially clear, without focal consolidations, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The left heart border appears normal. Mild calcification of the aortic arch. There is been interval improvement in the extent of the previously noted subcutaneous emphysema along the right chest wall. Other than the right ___ and 7th rib fractures which are likely post-surgical, there are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11307058/s58044051/03270807-5e38a815-9e4f8720-08103828-f27bb4e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no vascular congestion or pleural effusion. No acute focal pneumonia. Small opacification in the left neck is consistent with calcification in the region of the carotid bifurcations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Possible lingular pneumonia vs. atelectasis. Findings: Compared to prior, there is opacity a partially obscuring the left heart\n border, concerning for pneumonia or atelectasis. The right lung is clear. No\n pleural abnormality is seen. Mediastinal contour is consistent with patient's\n known thoracic aortic dissection and descending aortic dilatation, unchanged\n from prior." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and there is no vascular congestion or pleural effusion. No acute focal pneumonia. Small opacification in the left neck is consistent with calcification in the region of the carotid bifurcations. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15585360/s52078228/04d4bb7c-3e524bc2-dddbd274-58c7a633-e72d0a37.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is prominence of the ascending aorta, unchanged from prior examinations. Linear opacity at the left lung base has resolved. There are no new focal consolidations. Previously identified ___ mm left lung base nodular opacity is no longer identified, likely obscured by the nipple marker, suggesting it most likely represented a nipple shadow. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia.\n \n Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior chest CT from ___ were\n better assessed on that more sensitive study and follow-up recommendation per\n that study remains. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior\n chest CT from ___ were better assessed on that more sensitive\n study and follow-up recommendation per that study remains. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is prominence of the ascending aorta, unchanged from prior examinations. Linear opacity at the left lung base has resolved. There are no new focal consolidations. Previously identified ___ mm left lung base nodular opacity is no longer identified, likely obscured by the nipple marker, suggesting it most likely represented a nipple shadow. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16319384/s51991869/04f641c1-61030285-70b766ad-7189c11b-64101452.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Calcification in the aortic knob is unchanged. Compared to study of ___, the pulmonary edema has resolved. There is no focal consolidation or\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild scarring at the apices." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16034181/s50146664/052836b8-b02d3f46-3faf7e36-07ce1ba1-1052a8a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Right chest tube remains in place with a persistent small right apicolateral pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in the postoperative period. Bibasilar atelectasis persists and is slightly worsened in the left lower lobe. Moderate partially loculated left pleural effusion has slightly decreased in size, and a small right pleural effusion is unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cardiac silhouette has increased in size and is accompanied by\n widening of vascular pedicle, pulmonary vascular congestion, and moderate\n pulmonary edema. Additionally, there small pleural effusions are present\n bilaterally, left greater than right." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Right chest tube remains in place with a persistent small right apicolateral pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in the postoperative period. Bibasilar atelectasis persists and is slightly worsened in the left lower lobe. Moderate partially loculated left pleural effusion has slightly decreased in size, and a small right pleural effusion is unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18383430/s51327502/0529ab99-080ef67b-361cbaf0-1c178d58-07c13add.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of trauma. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is rotated. No fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of trauma. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is rotated. No fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11717909/s54369648/075c5fad-cfbf7397-05bfb8fc-55ed0999-6c4abf11.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal lung consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No pneumothorax status post removal of right-sided Swan-Ganz catheter. No\n specific findings to account for new increase in tachycardia Findings: Right IJ Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed and no pneumothorax seen.\n Left-sided PICC line and left ventricular assist device appear unchanged\n radiographically. Cardiac silhouette is large with unchanged splayed carina.\n Obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm and right cardiophrenic angle indicate\n associated basilar consolidation the findings do not suggest increase in\n pleural fluid on either side." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal lung consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute findings. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13571108/s53069779/08f26428-11618c66-d31e30be-bb3cdba9-7246cdef.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the large right superior mediastinal mass is again seen displacing the trachea to the left. Monitoring and support devices remain in place. The right hemidiaphragm is not as sharply seen as on prior images. This could merely reflect atelectasis and effusion, though pneumonia would have to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small right greater than left bilateral pleural effusions. Dobbhoff tube ends\n in the very proximal stomach and should be further advanced. Findings: Heart size is top normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There has been interval development of small\n bilateral right greater than left pleural effusions with mild adjacent\n bibasilar atelectasis. Remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax. A Dobbhoff tube remains in place in the very proximal stomach\n and should be further advanced." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the large right superior mediastinal mass is again seen displacing the trachea to the left. Monitoring and support devices remain in place. The right hemidiaphragm is not as sharply seen as on prior images. This could merely reflect atelectasis and effusion, though pneumonia would have to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no visible abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17266832/s54668084/09e51f9b-6149243e-70660f6d-66092f8e-b5342668.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear\n stable including stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n There is again mild relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified\n nodule in the right lower lobe is again visible. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over each axillary region. There has been no definite change." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13770664/s53622016/0a10435e-e43147f5-c4986cba-35836a58-b4b70cd6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Apparent rightward deviation of trachea. Repeat radiograph with\n the neck in neutral position may be helpful to differentiate the effects of\n rotation from tracheal displacement from a fixed abnormality such as an\n adjacent thyroid mass. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. Calcified lymph nodes are present in the right\n hilar region as well as a calcified granuloma in the right upper lobe. Patchy\n opacity in left retrocardiac region is new, and may reflects patchy\n atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. Acute aspiration is an\n additional consideration in the appropriate clinical setting. Note is also\n made of apparent rightward deviation of the trachea, at the level of the\n thoracic inlet. This is difficult to evaluate on a portable radiograph,\n particularly as the patient's neck appears to be turned towards the right on\n this exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13376876/s56009674/0b15a853-44ea4dcc-e9dcc745-dc75e138-94628837.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Right-sided Port-A-Cath terminates in the\n mid SVC. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest redemonstrates a right subclavian\n Port-A-Cath, unchanged in position, terminating in the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax, focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pulmonary\n edema. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10072167/s53950117/0f3224d0-b72c37a0-b9d8b5e4-ec922787-44f841ac.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there is again substantial elevation of the left hemidiaphragmatic contour with mild atelectatic changes at the left base. No evidence of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of metastatic disease in the thorax, within the limitations of\n chsst radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous. Decrease in lung volume. However,\n the Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with study of ___, there is again substantial elevation of the left hemidiaphragmatic contour with mild atelectatic changes at the left base. No evidence of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17933711/s57861479/11f8196c-fabce921-4f144f23-5ae15c0c-791e7464.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases, but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No lung nodules or masses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Borderline heart size but stable. Mild upper zone redistribution\n pattern suggestive of mild chronic pulmonary congestion. Findings are stable\n and not advanced. No evidence of acute infiltrates. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study ___ ___. Again, borderline heart size is noted without\n typical configurational abnormality. Unremarkable appearance of thoracic\n aorta. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates a mild upper zone\n redistribution pattern, but there is no evidence of interstitial or alveolar\n edema. No evidence of acute pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates is present, and\n the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free from any fluid\n accumulation. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the\n thorax are unchanged and grossly unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases, but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No lung nodules or masses. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10190940/s51351116/13490b6f-3eb75751-a191991b-e8f33cad-e423992c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute pneumonia. Findings: No previous images. The heart is normal in size, and the lungs are clear without vascular congestion or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. Cardiomegaly is stable. There is\n bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n left-sided port terminates at the distal SVC." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute pneumonia. Findings: No previous images. The heart is normal in size, and the lungs are clear without vascular congestion or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12998617/s53111457/14ca8f98-3b8cc136-42e4fd22-e44b2da1-e390b60b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear within normal limits and\n unchanged. Streaky opacities at the left lung base indicate mild atelectasis.\n A small calcification projecting over the right upper lobe and the course of\n the right anterior fourth rib as well as the posterior right seventh rib\n suggests a bone island or parenchymal granuloma but unchanged. Mild pleural\n thickening appears unchanged at each lung apex. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The chest appears hyperinflated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11724488/s57834148/16e5b1a2-792c2449-d0f46569-a6fc499f-62628542.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air\n beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of\n free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen\n along the spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19358609/s56360897/17563248-b5619d12-71d589df-57facf81-8d6a38bc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the lower lungs. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs\n are hyperinflated with chronic deformity of the left upper hemithorax and rib\n cage. There are opacities in the lower lungs which raise concern for\n pneumonia. Underlying scarring is better assessed on the prior CT. The heart\n size is difficult to assess, though appears grossly stable. The mediastinal\n contour also is grossly unchanged. Small right pleural effusion is present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16675957/s50956639/17bf6f39-2c117801-91df99f4-7ae12f61-6b286b7a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Poor inspiratory effort cause crowding of the bronchovascular markings. No lobar consolidation, pulmonary edema, effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Asymmetric widening of the left AC\n joint suspicious for type II acromioclavicular dislocation. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Degenerative changes are noted involving\n both acromioclavicular joints with asymmetric widening of the left AC joint\n measuring up to the 7-8 mm. ." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Poor inspiratory effort cause crowding of the bronchovascular markings. No lobar consolidation, pulmonary edema, effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10308375/s57023953/18a4c626-d4481b14-559c1206-26f54875-dd74e59d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The patient is status post wedge resection in the right lower lobe with chronic atelectatic scarring in that region, similar to prior CT examinations. No new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pneumothorax is present. There is chronic blunting of the right costophrenic angle. No significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is in standard position. The heart size is normal. There are calcifications of the aortic arch. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Ill-defined patchy opacities are seen in the right lung base with\n an associated small right pleural effusion, which is also confirmed in the\n lateral view. A dense left-sided retrocardiac opacity abutting the left\n hemidiaphragm is unchanged since at least ___ compatible with a\n Bochdalek hernia. A small left pleural effusion is also likely present. There\n is biapical pleuro-parenchymal scarring, more conspicuous in the left apex. \n No other focal opacities are identified. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The patient is status post wedge resection in the right lower lobe with chronic atelectatic scarring in that region, similar to prior CT examinations. No new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pneumothorax is present. There is chronic blunting of the right costophrenic angle. No significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead left-sided pacemaker is in standard position. The heart size is normal. There are calcifications of the aortic arch. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16319384/s55608147/192b6e3d-ec405303-9b315b5d-1dd90a9c-e6310078.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are no focal opacities. The patient has prominent epicardial\n fat pads with blunting of the left pleural sulcus and the right cardiophrenic\n angle, but this is unchanged compared with ___. Mild-to-moderate\n cardiomegaly is present, but the cardiomediastinal contour is unremarkable\n otherwise. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15153582/s53105805/1a7db0e0-3c536032-768780b1-c802d8c1-5f8e51d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18776448/s56089705/1c009226-64474f8f-8f47e3e0-01640769-ae6bc0ae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17934731/s56305857/1c493af8-170d3211-d1a0da94-92ced558-f2b893d8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left lower lobe opacity concerning for aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are somewhat low in volume. Retrocardiac opacity is not well located on the lateral view but is concerning for left lower lobe pneumonia or aspiration. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs and the severe scoliosis of the thoracic\n spine convexed to the left. Specifically, no evidence of pulmonary\n metastases." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Left lower lobe opacity concerning for aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are somewhat low in volume. Retrocardiac opacity is not well located on the lateral view but is concerning for left lower lobe pneumonia or aspiration. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12502618/s55381986/1d4d38ca-ca23a788-10bb00aa-f4d15995-4fa7389c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is status post aortic valve replacement and left subclavian vein\n stent placement. There is a fracture through the inferior-most sternotomy\n wire, which is unchanged since ___. Otherwise, the remaining\n sternotomy wires are intact and appropriately aligned.\n \n There is stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Lungs are\n well-expanded and clear. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15902493/s57545492/1d8209cf-367611d8-dedd4a43-a8026be1-e639022d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Overall little change in comparison to the prior study with continued\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and silhouetting of the right heart\n border as well as increased opacity in the right retrocardiac region. There is\n at least partial right lower and middle lobe atelectasis. Cardiomegaly remains\n stable. Left PICC is visualized in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n Tracheostomy tube is shifted to the left due to a large superior mediastinal\n mass shown to be related to the thyroid gland on prior CT scan.\n Ventriculoperitoneal shunt traversing over the right hemithorax appears\n stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11952678/s50901945/1e26851f-86034c0c-3c1b4167-5d391b8b-e57ddc3c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs are clear. Small anterior osteophytes are similar along the mid\n thoracic spine. One finding that is different since ___ is a small\n ossification interposed between the coracoid process of the left scapula and\n the nearby clavicle, which may be post-traumatic, but does not appear to\n represent an acute finding." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16683757/s54335653/1f0954cd-43cc8945-70cc213a-d2ecdbea-ed886685.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Probable atelectasis at the right lung base. No definite consolidation. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes demonstrate calcification of the\n aortic arch but otherwise appear grossly unremarkable. There is slight\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle, probably representing changes of\n atelectasis. No definite consolidative process is seen. No other focal\n pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. Examination\n of osseous structures demonstrate mild anterior shortening of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, but are otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11181748/s58227020/20a8146b-74dd756c-382fd16f-2248a7d2-a74b9bbd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion. Findings: Small right pleural effusion is stable. There is no evidence of pneumothorax,\n lobar consolidation, or pulmonary edema. No left-sided pleural effusion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged from the prior examination." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14583397/s52416075/225bb728-6155e5c7-1d5756c7-629c2d3f-308f2408.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New right basilar opacities suggestive of atelectasis. Followup PA and\n lateral radiographs may be helpful to ensure resolution and to exclude the\n possibility of an early infectious pneumonia in the appropriate clinical\n setting. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. Heterogeneous right\n lower lobe opacity is most consistent with atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Persistent mild cardiomegaly is noted. Mediastinal contour\n and hila are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13312840/s57765466/22df5947-d4f32355-60f7b9aa-d140ddb0-028af26a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis\n in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17561996/s53913349/24849e83-f5ccffbb-364e8c3a-9c1bcd91-dd0d628f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New right apical pneumothorax as described above. Unchanged, small, left apical pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since 4 days prior. Correlation with echocardiogram recommended. Findings: Since the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, there has been interval removal of the right-sided pleural drainage catheter. Small left apical pneumothorax is unchanged. Approximately 1.5 cm right apical pneumothorax is new. Cardiomegaly is unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since 4 days prior. Increased left lower lobe atelectasis and probably a new, small left pleural effusion. A small rounded opacity in the lateral right lung is likely a focus of atelectasis or hematoma in the prior location of the pleural drainage catheter. Lungs are otherwise fully expanded and clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Clear lungs. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hila\n contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pneumoperitoneum." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New right apical pneumothorax as described above. Unchanged, small, left apical pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since 4 days prior. Correlation with echocardiogram recommended. Findings: Since the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, there has been interval removal of the right-sided pleural drainage catheter. Small left apical pneumothorax is unchanged. Approximately 1.5 cm right apical pneumothorax is new. Cardiomegaly is unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since 4 days prior. Increased left lower lobe atelectasis and probably a new, small left pleural effusion. A small rounded opacity in the lateral right lung is likely a focus of atelectasis or hematoma in the prior location of the pleural drainage catheter. Lungs are otherwise fully expanded and clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17257394/s51589952/256d4a58-b4233463-d61ffb45-16099de5-b37ef7e6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior\n study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs\n are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent\n right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is\n chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16185004/s50957128/25b7b359-8e6a6c36-b65ed616-8a74bb54-a2ff39b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No PICC visualized. Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or new thorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. No PICC is visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. The imaged osseous structures\n are intact. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No PICC visualized. Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or new thorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. No PICC is visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14482820/s55772608/2602a49c-e35b125f-82408969-f68eb85c-9735bc8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Linear atelectasis in the lingula. No focal consolidation. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is linear atelectasis in the lingula. No\n focal consolidation is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Calcifications of the aortic arch is again\n noted. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes\n are seen at the bilateral acromioclavicular joints." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17933711/s53605255/262aec66-02c3d815-9e02b897-1f697799-42735ce8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Compared is made to prior radiographs from ___. Heart size is upper limits of normal. There is persistent mild interstitial prominence without overt pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no pneumothoraces. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly and hilar congestion. No frank edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Cardiomegaly is again seen. The\n mediastinal contour is unchanged from prior. The hila appear congested though\n there is no frank edema. No large effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing\n evidence for pneumonia. Bony structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Compared is made to prior radiographs from ___. Heart size is upper limits of normal. There is persistent mild interstitial prominence without overt pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no pneumothoraces. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19769430/s58783883/2a46f86f-aa12bf29-81681d7d-afb9c9d8-23629fe0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small right pleural effusion and a basilar atelectasis. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, the right hemidiaphragm is\n not sharply seen. There is a small right pleural effusion and atelectasis at\n the right lung base. There is no new focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no edema or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14995285/s53482463/2aea6da8-c43d911f-f1ffde22-323a0ea8-ae72787f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19580789/s58022905/2b2045ee-2505fd4b-e315a4e9-db4d3805-1b2ec185.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities are new since ___ exam, possibly atelectasis, aspiration, or infection in appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a stable postoperative appearance of the left hemithorax status post thoracoplasty. Right apical scarring persists. Right lung base opacity partially obscuring right hemidiaphragm is new since prior exam. Ill-defined left lung base opacity is also noted. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pulmonary edema. Emphysema predominantly involving upper lung zones is unchanged. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Heart size is normal. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Tiny left pleural effusion. Otherwise no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. There are mild\n atherosclerotic calcifications along the aorta. The hilar contours are\n normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Minimal blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle suggests a trace pleural effusion. Lungs are otherwise\n clear. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities are new since ___ exam, possibly atelectasis, aspiration, or infection in appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a stable postoperative appearance of the left hemithorax status post thoracoplasty. Right apical scarring persists. Right lung base opacity partially obscuring right hemidiaphragm is new since prior exam. Ill-defined left lung base opacity is also noted. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pulmonary edema. Emphysema predominantly involving upper lung zones is unchanged. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Heart size is normal. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16029766/s57386813/2b6058ea-1a457571-ebed852c-b6879996-ac8b1622.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has been removed. Internal jugular vein catheter remains in unchanged position. The pre-existing bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air bronchograms show a further slight increase in severity. There is no evidence of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax, no pneumomediastinum. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been extensive increase\n in opacification at both bases, consistent with pleural effusion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. Continued enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has been removed. Internal jugular vein catheter remains in unchanged position. The pre-existing bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air bronchograms show a further slight increase in severity. There is no evidence of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax, no pneumomediastinum. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14798972/s57819424/2c6b9c0b-a92050fa-fcb78bd5-95f371a4-255b176c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low, but there is no focal\n consolidation. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum. No radiographically\n apparent esophageal abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s53126282/2e226c3f-39058bce-2bf559f3-119d4b1c-3b18c1e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure. 2. Possible right lung fibrotic changes. Findings: There are stable linear opacities at the right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Fibrotic changes are seen along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate position is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. No new areas of\n airspace consolidation. The cardiomediastinal shadow is unchanged. No pleural\n effusions. Mild coarsening of the interstitial markings persist." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure. 2. Possible right lung fibrotic changes. Findings: There are stable linear opacities at the right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Fibrotic changes are seen along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate position is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute abnormalities. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13381744/s54475799/2f821554-6b546bda-9be33494-4aa387db-9b020bb1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New small left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis but in the appropriate clinical setting pneumonia can be considered. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a new small left pleural effusion. Possible left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. No pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: New small left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis but in the appropriate clinical setting pneumonia can be considered. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a new small left pleural effusion. Possible left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. No pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10248673/s57975666/30b681db-78293b4e-edd1a3e2-eece4dc4-5ff2d9ab.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the bilateral pulmonary opacifications have substantially cleared with some residual atelectatic changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. No definite acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n opacification at the left base most likely reflecting pleural effusion and\n volume loss in the lower lobe. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n persists. No evidence of vascular congestion. Right IJ catheter remains in\n place." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the bilateral pulmonary opacifications have substantially cleared with some residual atelectatic changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. No definite acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The X-ray image shows a normal chest. This means that there are no visible abnormalities or issues in the chest area, as seen on the X-ray." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s55352995/3153b513-aa211ff5-db3a738d-8e4d0c11-9afdadd8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the large right superior mediastinal mass is again seen displacing the trachea to the left. Monitoring and support devices remain in place. The right hemidiaphragm is not as sharply seen as on prior images. This could merely reflect atelectasis and effusion, though pneumonia would have to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There has been interval improvement in aeration in the lower lobes. No focal\n infiltrate is identified. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the large right superior mediastinal mass is again seen displacing the trachea to the left. Monitoring and support devices remain in place. The right hemidiaphragm is not as sharply seen as on prior images. This could merely reflect atelectasis and effusion, though pneumonia would have to be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of any immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19580750/s52799543/31c50e15-4a244cac-11d33a37-6e57019b-63c5858f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Calcifications of the aortic arch are unchanged. There is mild dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Mild\n cardiomegaly. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal. A left\n pectoral pacemaker with right atrial and right ventricular leads is unchanged. Findings: ___ CT torso" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Calcifications of the aortic arch are unchanged. There is mild dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The lung fields are clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10003502/s57641661/31d9847f-987fcf63-704f7496-d2b21eb8-63cd973e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, all monitoring and support devices have been removed. There is a known large left hiatal hernia that causes massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at the left lung bases. No other parenchymal abnormalities, notably no pneumonia is seen on the current image. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. No larger pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent small bilateral effusions, larger on the left which have decreased\n in size. Decreased pulmonary vascular congestion. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Size of the bilateral effusions, left\n greater than right has slightly decreased in size since prior exam. There is\n less pulmonary vascular congestion on the current exam as well. Cardiac\n silhouette which appears enlarged, is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, all monitoring and support devices have been removed. There is a known large left hiatal hernia that causes massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at the left lung bases. No other parenchymal abnormalities, notably no pneumonia is seen on the current image. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. No larger pleural effusions. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11668016/s53288720/372cbd5c-3e859e0a-99848f35-a0ad4c90-72e10f87.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. Findings: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Mild degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No displaced fracture is\n seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s55504230/381625eb-17722acf-958d7213-64604dd3-ee843cb4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Bullous emphysematous changes in the lower lobes increased since ___. Consideration to alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency should be given. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are bullous emphysematous changes in the lower lobes increased since ___. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The ascending aorta is dilated and tortuous but unchanged since ___. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is stable compared to multiple prior exams dating\n back at least to ___. The previously noted subtle opacity in the\n right lung base is not seen on this exam. There are no new focal\n consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The hilar and mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Bullous emphysematous changes in the lower lobes increased since ___. Consideration to alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency should be given. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are bullous emphysematous changes in the lower lobes increased since ___. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The ascending aorta is dilated and tortuous but unchanged since ___. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12993646/s57172548/3a296121-9fc2bc73-d081dd75-b9ea5164-f49fc528.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no pneumomediastinum. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. There is no free intraperitoneal air. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. \n The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no pneumomediastinum. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. There is no free intraperitoneal air. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10337896/s55070875/3eb3bf96-c5401aea-07178eee-c43e5e80-600f6a33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. If it is a better\n visualization is desired, repeat radiographs with abdominal technique can be\n performed. Findings: The NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. Diffuse\n bilateral pulmonary opacifications are again seen, unchanged from prior exam.\n ET tube and right IJ central line are in stable position from prior exam." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12056668/s55757032/3f89e108-89fa407d-26628871-8e8731be-02819429.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed\n from prior. No free air below the diaphragm. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change in the size of the bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n significant pulmonary vascular engorgement. Cardiac silhouette is grossly\n unchanged but limited due to bibasilar abnormalities. Hypertrophic changes\n are again seen in the spine. G-tube not clearly identified. No free air\n identified below the diaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15911529/s50329542/41811dc3-c03a8c6d-a316dd7f-5733949b-00331055.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base\n cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural\n effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left\n chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided\n effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus\n scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of\n consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute abnormalities. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues in the patient's lungs or chest area. However, it is important to remember that a chest X-ray is just one diagnostic tool, and further evaluation or additional tests may be needed to assess the patient's overall health and identify any underlying conditions that may not be visible on the X-ray." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13299965/s52804736/424512f8-2a1c31d2-9ba3a1a4-63c2f669-1232ca66.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette again is top normal in size and the aorta is slightly tortuous. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced fracture is seen. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n is bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Right\n paratracheal opacity likely relates to prominent vascular structures and has\n been stable as compared to ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable also compared to ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. No\n definite fracture is identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or effusion. Cardiac silhouette again is top normal in size and the aorta is slightly tortuous. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19045192/s52704228/42d1d942-0aefbde6-c54835e3-15294715-8113041e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild volume overload. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded, with hyperlucency,\n flattening of the hemidiaphragms, and widening of the retrosternal clear\n space. Mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and interstitial edema. \n However, there is no frank pulmonary edema. No frank consolidation, pleural\n effusions, or pneumothorax. There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis and\n multilevel bridging osteophytes." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14720011/s57096268/451a20c9-4cebf6f8-2b833fda-30b69220-dca29a9d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17622916/s57419136/468df880-10005e8e-d4fa6433-d08fa89c-7b141448.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are bilateral\n pleural effusions with evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n superimposed pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n The right IJ catheter extends at least to the cavoatrial junction and quite\n probably into the upper portion of the right atrium." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12056668/s53195010/4861b3fb-a6f7f90a-54624d89-31cc606f-beab81a7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again large left pleural\n effusion and a much smaller right pleural effusion with pigtail catheter in\n place. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis. In the absence of a lateral view,\n the possibility of supervening pneumonia, especially at the left base, cannot\n be excluded. No evidence of vascular congestion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19519113/s54655842/48dab47e-3cb83d67-35673a0a-37fba33f-80d39c82.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Dual lumen central venous catheter tip from an inferior approach terminates within the SVC/right atrial junction. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. Vascular clips are seen within the right axilla with dense vascular calcifications. Additionally a vascular stent is seen within the left axilla. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. There is\n no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Dual lumen central venous catheter tip from an inferior approach terminates within the SVC/right atrial junction. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. Vascular clips are seen within the right axilla with dense vascular calcifications. Additionally a vascular stent is seen within the left axilla. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11226572/s53521127/48f65bd6-fd930f65-27b3123b-39cb33cc-049a89be.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs were acquired of the chest. The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Multifocal pneumonia, atypical or viral. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Multifocal bilateral opacities are concerning\n for multifocal pneumonia atypical infection or viral infection. No pleural\n effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Hilar contours are\n unchanged. No mediastinal widening." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs were acquired of the chest. The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral degenerative changes of the acromioclavicular joints are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19890966/s55753415/499b08f0-eadc74b7-e72cbb9c-48acb229-95d39e5f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11181748/s53610077/49d0865a-87d61b94-18e9e122-66f361aa-c8d164a6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the preexisting right upper lobe pneumonia has now completely resolved. There is no evidence of remnant opacities and no evidence of complication such as abscesses or pleural effusions. No other relevant findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Slight interval decrease in right-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided pleural effusion has minimally decreased. Right-sided adjacent\n atelectasis and fluid along the fissure have also decreased. The left lung is\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Numerous calcified\n lesions in the right chest wall are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the preexisting right upper lobe pneumonia has now completely resolved. There is no evidence of remnant opacities and no evidence of complication such as abscesses or pleural effusions. No other relevant findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10190940/s51351116/49f3fbfe-cb406005-e8999546-2f5f2217-cd346108.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. Cardiomegaly is stable. There is\n bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n left-sided port terminates at the distal SVC." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13381744/s58561597/4bb0a233-9c375594-652f647f-64f5080f-30112b80.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of COPD. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute infection. Findings: The left hilum remains prominent and is due to the patient's known\n tumor, and appears stable. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with no evidence of\n a consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n at the upper limits of normal and stable. No acute fractures are noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of COPD. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14962059/s57011081/4d00dd83-4db65b59-cb9eb0c2-5b70a148-82334ea6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Study is somewhat limited by body habitus. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with top-normal heart size again noted. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No definite acute osseous injury. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Study is somewhat limited by body habitus. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11091816/s51797846/4eb4be03-2765d772-09f40d82-96431de2-b7ca17e9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute process Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old healed rib fractures are noted on the right fifth and sixth anterior ribs. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is present. The aorta is tortuous.\n The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute process Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old healed rib fractures are noted on the right fifth and sixth anterior ribs. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17055995/s57644406/514cd541-74dff7cf-998b6616-ddcd3d4b-d3096e80.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: Lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. A peripheral right lower lobe granuloma is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Cervical spinal hardware appears\n in unchanged position." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16172396/s51932011/515940a1-1597d869-4cd954d5-3c00a8fd-91659a8f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Overall, these findings would be consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation. Unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. No other acute parenchymal change, in particular no evidence of recent pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. \n Sensitivity of routine chest radiography for rib fracture is low. This study\n is not tailored for evaluation of the left shoulder. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Overall, these findings would be consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation. Unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. No other acute parenchymal change, in particular no evidence of recent pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10198310/s53321855/52051de6-12f425a6-7e6e8a6e-8b8c4176-b5d56a2b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle. No evidence of acute pneumonia. Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of rib fracture. Pacemaker and ICD leads are unchanged in\n position. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Severe\n cardiomegaly and cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes are unchanged. Pacemaker\n and ICD leads are unchanged in position. No evidence of displaced rib\n fracture." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle. No evidence of acute pneumonia. Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Very low lung volumes have slightly decreased since ___. \n Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities most likely represent atelectasis. A\n small left pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is unchanged since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low, which is only slightly worsened since ___. This accentuates the\n cardiac silhouette which appears stably enlarged. There is mild vascular\n congestion, but no overt pulmonary edema. The mediastinal contour is stable;\n the pulmonary artery is enlarged. Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax is seen. There are clips in the left upper quadrant of the\n abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16698318/s50289779/57e91f33-eec51e84-628b8259-c7a15e51-86787a84.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes, but no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is top normal to mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated with crowding of bronchovascular structures, but no concerning focal consolidation. Surgical clips overlying the upper abdomen are seen on the lateral view. No displaced rib fractures are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Ill-defined opacity within the right lung base which is\n concerning for pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: There is moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. Ill-defined opacity is noted within the right\n lung base, which is concerning for an infectious process. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes are noted in the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are seen within the upper abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes, but no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is top normal to mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated with crowding of bronchovascular structures, but no concerning focal consolidation. Surgical clips overlying the upper abdomen are seen on the lateral view. No displaced rib fractures are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13671677/s50457804/59132f9d-ca07da35-afdde408-a2d7986d-4948d0c3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Otherwise, no significant interval change. Findings: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures is new from the prior exam. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable flattening of the diaphragms, suggestive of hyperinflation. No change in the probable calcified granuloma projecting over the right upper lung. The dual-lead left-sided cardiac device appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are again noted in the visualized thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Appropriate lead\n positioning. Findings: There is a left-sided dual-lead pacemaker with leads terminating in\n appropriate position in the right ventricle and atrium. The heart size is\n normal. The lungs are clear. Hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pulmonary edema. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous with no\n suggestion of aneurysm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Otherwise, no significant interval change. Findings: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures is new from the prior exam. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable flattening of the diaphragms, suggestive of hyperinflation. No change in the probable calcified granuloma projecting over the right upper lung. The dual-lead left-sided cardiac device appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are again noted in the visualized thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s53966206/5b257a97-dad6f2e3-a20a3c51-1c6250d0-7024d6d4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The exact position of right PICC line is not assessed in this study, but possibly extends beyond the lower SVC. Recommended repeat radiograph after retracting the PICC by 3cm. The remainder of the cardiopulmonary findings are unchanged. Findings discussed with Dr.___ at 5:15 p.m on ___ . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Chronic changes in the lungs without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Increased interstitial markings seen at the periphery of the lung, right\n greater than left compatible with previously noted subpleural fibrotic\n changes. There is no new focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The exact position of right PICC line is not assessed in this study, but possibly extends beyond the lower SVC. Recommended repeat radiograph after retracting the PICC by 3cm. The remainder of the cardiopulmonary findings are unchanged. Findings discussed with Dr.___ at 5:15 p.m on ___ . \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11644926/s54913015/5b7be76e-a4c9feb1-8407dbe4-3d0e8436-c2b49b98.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, moderate cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural\n effusions, small on the right and moderate on the left. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Findings: There is bilateral interstitial edema and pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n heart is moderately enlarged. Small right and moderate left pleural effusions\n are seen. Retrocardiac opacity may represent pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17223574/s59919455/5c274724-63c22911-9071c43a-d456c9fc-0c009ab6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema. Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema.\n More focal consolidation at the base of the right lung may reflect an area of\n infection though is likely related to pulmonary edema. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema. A more focal\n consolidation at the base of the right lung could reflect an area of infection\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusions are seen. There is\n no pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema. Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14793590/s58364828/5f8b833a-b5c56bb4-c61a72ba-61c0a0ce-9fa8c10a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12458098/s57011996/5ff8860b-fc277b55-da194e4b-22a5190d-6e95a1aa.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fractures are detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11717909/s51595982/60067fbf-8ef267f1-ac1186d9-a3798e30-1932da74.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there again are low lung volumes which accentuate the transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette in this patient with intact midline sternal wires from previous CABG procedure. Single-lead pacer extends to the region of the apex of the right ventricle. Mild retrocardiac atelectatic changes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Since the prior examination of ___, the lung volumes have improved. \n Heart is mildly enlarged. Heterogeneous linear opacities at the right base\n superimposed on the right hemidiaphragm probably represent residual\n atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, there again are low lung volumes which accentuate the transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette in this patient with intact midline sternal wires from previous CABG procedure. Single-lead pacer extends to the region of the apex of the right ventricle. Mild retrocardiac atelectatic changes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15787214/s55339794/6046f679-3f7b627a-75ed0041-e83000f4-d459e30b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. No pneumothorax. 2. Standard positioning of the endotracheal and enteric tubes. 3. Improving mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Lung volumes remain persistently low. Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. No pneumothorax. Endotracheal tube is in standard position terminating approximately 4 cm from the carina. Enteric tube courses below the left hemidiaphragm, into the stomach and off the inferior borders of the film. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is slightly improved in the interval. Patchy atelectasis is noted in the lung bases. No large pleural effusion is noted however the extreme left costophrenic angle is excluded from the field of view. No acute osseous abnormalities are detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Diffuse opacities in the right lung concerning for multifocal pneumonia. \n Recommend followup radiograph after treatment to ensure resolution. Probable\n small pleural effusions. Findings: Frontal portable radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is diffuse\n opacity in the right lung more prominently in the right lower and mid lung. \n Compared to the prior study, opacities in the right lower lung appear similar;\n however, there may be slight increased opacity in the right mid lung. There\n is mild left base atelectasis. There are probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. A left internal jugular approach central venous catheter ends in\n the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. No pneumothorax. 2. Standard positioning of the endotracheal and enteric tubes. 3. Improving mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Lung volumes remain persistently low. Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. No pneumothorax. Endotracheal tube is in standard position terminating approximately 4 cm from the carina. Enteric tube courses below the left hemidiaphragm, into the stomach and off the inferior borders of the film. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is slightly improved in the interval. Patchy atelectasis is noted in the lung bases. No large pleural effusion is noted however the extreme left costophrenic angle is excluded from the field of view. No acute osseous abnormalities are detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13421580/s53672228/60999807-e9c65537-0be33d31-e1f2eb09-329bb2a8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Termination point of Dobbhoff line not identified on this film. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study obtained four hours earlier during the same day. \n During the interval, the patient has been extubated. Previously described\n right-sided internal jugular approach central venous line remains. Again\n noted is a feeding tube traversing the entire esophagus terminating in the\n abdomen. The present image covers the line only about 5 inches below the\n hiatal area. The more distal portion of the line could be followed further on\n the previous chest examination, still the tip of the Dobbhoff line was never\n included in the image. Precise location of the line is essential for\n patient's management. It is recommended to perform the study under\n fluoroscopic control. Comparison of the chest examinations does not reveal\n any new acute infiltrate. However, the pulmonary vascular pattern appears to\n be crowded, probably related to the high positioned diaphragms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain in place. There are no concerning bone findings. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14790859/s57078506/61e6ad42-674b9c48-684abad1-83ce16d3-0188f603.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17934731/s54981405/62f76a9c-ad970999-824b1a18-304d5277-9d7467ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Possible early/ focal pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate a subtle opacity in the left lower lobe posteriorly overlying the lower thoracic spine on the lateral view with associated slight obscuration of the posterior left hemidiaphragm. Streaky opacity at the left lung base thought likely atelectatic in etiology. Heart size is normal. Patient is status post median sternotomy. Wires appear intact. Surgical clips project over the left mediastinal border. No evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No convincing opacity concerning for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral upright chest radiograph demonstrates severe scoliosis of the\n thoracic spine, convex to the left. As demonstrated on CT obtained on the same\n day, there is a large hiatal hernia accounting for retrocardiac opacity. No\n focal opacities identified concerning for pneumonia. When compared to prior\n chest radiograph obtained on a ___, there is been little interval\n change with stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contour, allowing for\n differences in patient positioning." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Possible early/ focal pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate a subtle opacity in the left lower lobe posteriorly overlying the lower thoracic spine on the lateral view with associated slight obscuration of the posterior left hemidiaphragm. Streaky opacity at the left lung base thought likely atelectatic in etiology. Heart size is normal. Patient is status post median sternotomy. Wires appear intact. Surgical clips project over the left mediastinal border. No evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows a large mass in the right hemithorax. This mass is causing a mediastinal shift, which means that the central structures of the chest cavity are being pushed or displaced due to the presence of the mass." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10377744/s54647674/658a8ccf-a63adc9e-66351e99-f15af5f2-8e2e00b1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right basilar opacity is probably atelectasis, but could\n represent early or developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. New subtle\n opacity at the right lung base in the setting of similar lung volumes with\n increased opacity on the lateral view may be atelectasis, but could represent\n early or developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16456728/s52571563/69c29944-ec41cc80-daae3d71-357064e8-d6068d68.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Suggestion of slight fullness at the right\n thoracic inlet may be due to a thyroid nodule or thyroiditis. Correlation with\n clinical exam is recommended. Findings: The lung volumes are somewhat low, accentuating retrocardiac vascular\n markings. No discrete consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is identified. The heart size is normal. Suggestion of a\n slight impression upon the right aspect of the trachea at the level of the\n thoracic inlet is noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14650196/s51971463/69de2378-c6459058-c5e4a744-30e9cf68-1a0a8390.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures appear normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16319384/s53447884/69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subtle heterogeneous opacity of the right lower lobe could reflect pneumonia\n or aspiration in the appropriate clinical situation. Short term follow-up\n radiograph may be helpful to ensure resolution. Findings: Subtle heterogeneous opacity in the right lower lobe could reflect pneumonia\n in the appropriate clinical situation. Small amount of left lower lobe\n atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in\n size. Aortic knob calcifications are unchanged. No acute osseous\n abnormality.\n \n Left-sided pacemaker wires are unchanged with 1 tip projecting over the right\n atrium and the other over the right ventricle." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15911529/s56521428/6ba26b3a-5314e906-7366a48a-0598d3bd-73c3ca0f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild improvement of right lower lobe aeration. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates a left pectoral cardiac pacer/AICD with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. An enteric tube extends inferiorly below the diaphragm and out of view. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is prominent, likely accentuated by semi-upright position and AP technique. Since one day ago, there is some improvement of right lower lobe aeration, although there is persistent multifocal pneumonia in bilateral lungs. Cavitary pneumonia in the right upper lobe is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax or large effusion on the left. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Unchanged small right pleural effusion. Findings: Allowing for changes in positioning and lung volumes, the small right pleural\n effusion and adjacent compressive atelectasis is probably unchanged compared\n with ___. The right-sided pigtail catheter is in unchanged\n position. The left chest wall atrial and biventricular pacemaker leads are in\n standard position. There is moderate stable cardiomegaly." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild improvement of right lower lobe aeration. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates a left pectoral cardiac pacer/AICD with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. An enteric tube extends inferiorly below the diaphragm and out of view. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is prominent, likely accentuated by semi-upright position and AP technique. Since one day ago, there is some improvement of right lower lobe aeration, although there is persistent multifocal pneumonia in bilateral lungs. Cavitary pneumonia in the right upper lobe is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax or large effusion on the left. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16529785/s56625524/6d896995-e8f0c6a9-33a67c60-4e7b80f4-9e94ac30.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Hyperexpanded lungs, which can be seen in COPD. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Cervical fusion hardware is noted within the lower cervical spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. There are no focal opacities\n suggestive of pneumonia. Cavitary lesion with adjacent scarring is seen in the\n right upper lobe periphery, unchanged from ___. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mild pectus excavatum is redemonstrated." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Hyperexpanded lungs, which can be seen in COPD. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Cervical fusion hardware is noted within the lower cervical spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16172396/s50937713/6f4705d9-33c6c0d9-d5c126c5-2710e4b6-1738c4bb.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11717909/s52264867/6fa38a39-b7c9d558-58dec4b3-9b6ae59b-d80805e8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: There is worsening airspace consolidation involving most of the right lower\n lung and possibly some of the right upper lobe concerning for pneumonia or\n possibly hemorrhage in the correct clinical setting. The left lung remains\n grossly clear. No pulmonary edema. Heart remains stably enlarged status post\n median sternotomy for CABG. No pneumothorax. Left subclavian PICC line\n unchanged in position. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 09:28 is submitted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19358609/s59002259/76d88971-1492bc74-4a00303b-111fa19f-a617a23b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bibasilar opacities are new since ___ exam, possibly atelectasis,\n aspiration, or infection in appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a stable postoperative\n appearance of the left hemithorax status post thoracoplasty. Right apical\n scarring persists. Right lung base opacity partially obscuring right\n hemidiaphragm is new since prior exam. Ill-defined left lung base opacity is\n also noted. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pulmonary edema. \n Emphysema predominantly involving upper lung zones is unchanged. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Heart size is normal. Partially imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10569231/s54463242/781476c8-b3ceae84-5bca3f05-15064709-53236d2f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, evidence or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the aorta tortuous and the cardiac silhouette top normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema.\n \n The lung bases are underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased\n opacity projecting over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be\n due to atelectasis although an early consolidation due to aspiration or\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The lung bases are\n underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased opacity projecting\n over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be due to atelectasis\n although an early consolidation due to aspiration or infection is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mediastinal contours are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is minimal left base atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, evidence or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the aorta tortuous and the cardiac silhouette top normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12536467/s52709218/78675c97-3d574a7a-21454f9d-2487195b-496a7b4b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent right basal consolidation and small to moderate bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there is persistent basal consolidation on the right and small to moderate bilateral pleural effusions. There is some vascular congestion. The azygos vein is slightly distended. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is stable. A tracheostomy tube is slightly tilted, likely positional. A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged with a single lead terminating in the right ventricle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Appropriate positioning of endotracheal and nasogastric tubes. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lung volumes are low. \n An endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3 cm above the carina and an\n enteric tube projects over the stomach with tip excluded from the images. \n Linear opacities at the bases likely represent atelectasis in the setting of\n low lung volumes. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Persistent right basal consolidation and small to moderate bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there is persistent basal consolidation on the right and small to moderate bilateral pleural effusions. There is some vascular congestion. The azygos vein is slightly distended. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is stable. A tracheostomy tube is slightly tilted, likely positional. A left pectoral pacemaker is unchanged with a single lead terminating in the right ventricle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11520249/s57610653/79edbc6e-58f13a9d-db0158a9-e1565212-5bdc7e4a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Patchy bibasilar airspace opacities appear relatively unchanged, and may\n reflect atelectasis and/or chronic changes. Slight interval increase in size\n of right upper lobe rounded opacity which remains concerning for\n adenocarcinoma. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with single lead terminating in the right\n ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Dense\n atherosclerotic calcifications are present at the aortic knob. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unchanged. Rounded opacity within the right upper lobe\n appears slightly increased in size compared to the previous exam, which again\n remains concerning for adenocarcinoma and now measures up to 2.4 cm. Minimal\n patchy opacities are noted within the lung bases. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. Multiple ___ are demonstrated within the\n right upper quadrant of the abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18548611/s52534188/7a7f9061-9eef6733-e94cb29b-c4088494-9177b82f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. Minimal atelectasis is noted in\n the lung bases. The heart is normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are\n normal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12273883/s51337781/7abed310-5c7341f5-b74d2b26-7880d896-1cd5cff0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There are wires projecting over the chest and abdomen. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subtle opacity projecting over the lateral right mid lung may be due to\n overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity or even rib fracture\n is not excluded. Findings could be further assessed with shallow oblique\n radiographs or chest CT.\n \n No displaced rib fracture definitively identified. However, if clinical\n concern persists, dedicated rib series or chest CT is more sensitive. Findings: Subtle opacity is seen projecting over the lateral right mid lung which may be\n due to overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity is not\n excluded. The lungs are relatively hyperinflated, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. Minimal left base atelectasis is seen. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. No displaced rib fracture is definitively\n identified. However, if clinical concern persists, dedicated rib series or\n chest CT is more sensitive." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There are wires projecting over the chest and abdomen. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18627107/s56692775/7deb3ae1-86efe564-c5517815-59b4395a-2cb08397.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cervical fixation hardware is again noted in the lower cervical spine. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cervical fixation hardware is again noted in the lower cervical spine. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18001816/s54309228/7ecdb716-e49a94e2-ad048b9b-135f180b-c96aa97b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lung volumes are low. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute pulmonary process identified. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. Lung volumes are low. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No chf, focal infiltrate,\n effusion or pneumothorax is detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lung volumes are low. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17223574/s52530059/80394587-5cae6c52-0e47c884-fc81d7a5-aa49039a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of moderate pulmonary edema with a newly-appeared small left pleural effusion and left retrocardiac atelectasis. New plate-like atelectasis is also seen at the right lung base. In the interval, the patient has received a right hemodialysis catheter. The catheter is in correct position; there is no complication such as pneumothorax. The nasogastric tube and endotracheal tube are constant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: ET tip 55 mm proximal to the carina, but please note that the patient has a\n relatively short trachea and no more than 2 - 3cm advancement is advised.\n This was telephoned to the referring physician.\n Marked progression of the bilateral mid to lower lung zone airspace\n opacification which most likely represents pulmonary edema but superimposed\n infection or aspiration cannot be excluded. Findings: ETT tip ends above the clavicles, 55 mm above the carina. Decreased lung\n volumes. Cardiomegaly. Marked interval progression of the bilateral mid and\n lower lung zone airspace opacification with bilateral pleural effusions." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of moderate pulmonary edema with a newly-appeared small left pleural effusion and left retrocardiac atelectasis. New plate-like atelectasis is also seen at the right lung base. In the interval, the patient has received a right hemodialysis catheter. The catheter is in correct position; there is no complication such as pneumothorax. The nasogastric tube and endotracheal tube are constant. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13571108/s52526223/80e656ba-2e0b73a5-6252aa35-12c0df92-f0d566b9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Interval removal of a left central line and a chest tube. 2. Persistent left lower lobe atelectasis and pleural effusion, with increased right atelectasis. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates interval removal of a left transjugular central venous catheter and a left-sided chest tube in the interim. Mild cardiomegaly is accentuated by AP technique and low lung volumes. There is increased right sided atelectasis. Vague left apical opacity likely reflects atelectasis, minimally increased since prior exams. Dense retrocardiac opacities persist, compatible with atelectasis. There is a moderate left pleural effusion. The right lung is well aerated. There is no discernible pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately\n half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall,\n grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly\n different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and\n moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological\n changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Interval removal of a left central line and a chest tube. 2. Persistent left lower lobe atelectasis and pleural effusion, with increased right atelectasis. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates interval removal of a left transjugular central venous catheter and a left-sided chest tube in the interim. Mild cardiomegaly is accentuated by AP technique and low lung volumes. There is increased right sided atelectasis. Vague left apical opacity likely reflects atelectasis, minimally increased since prior exams. Dense retrocardiac opacities persist, compatible with atelectasis. There is a moderate left pleural effusion. The right lung is well aerated. There is no discernible pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11226572/s56558940/80ebdd2c-d387828d-89e90960-df690604-91bd8696.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone thoracocentesis. The extent of the pleural effusion on the right has substantially decreased. However, a relatively large basal amount of effusion is still visible. There is an opacity at the right lung base, reflecting atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible. Unchanged normal appearance of the left lung. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear aside from\n minor unchanged scarring in the lingula." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone thoracocentesis. The extent of the pleural effusion on the right has substantially decreased. However, a relatively large basal amount of effusion is still visible. There is an opacity at the right lung base, reflecting atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible. Unchanged normal appearance of the left lung. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18137951/s58918762/82c84432-ff11fe52-0064b58c-b7bc2f43-ef86e88b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Otherwise, unremarkable examination\n of the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. There is a\n small left pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for pneumonia. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. No pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior radiograph. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13421580/s56004726/83239aeb-423f4884-3030d0a9-5c624588-7b8dca07.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Tracheostomy tube again noted, as described. Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a small left effusion. New opacity in the right upper zone medially extending to the right hilum. The appearance is suggestive of a new area of focal consolidation. If clinically feasible, the differential diagnosis could include an area of aspiration. Atelectasis can occur in this location, but is considered less likely given the presence of air bronchograms. Interval improvement of aeration at the right lung base, with some persistent patchy opacity at the right lung base and a small right pleural fusion. Findings: Slightly rotated positioning. The tip of the tracheostomy tube lies approximately 2.8 cm above the carina. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is probably unchanged. Again seen is left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a small left effusion. Opacity in the right upper zone medially is more pronounced on the current examination. There due to appear to be associated air bronchograms. Opacity at the right base appears improved, with improved visualization of the right hemidiaphragm. A small right effusion remains present. Again seen is the right sided Port-A-Cath, with tip in the region of the cavoatrial junction. The left IJ central line is again seen, with tip over mid/distal SVC. Although it is difficult to confirm the patient's position, there is suggestion of left convex rotary scoliosis of the lumbar spine. It remains possible, albeit less likely, that this is an artifact due to positioning. Rounded iatrogenic structure over the left lower abdomen is compatible with a gastrostomy tube. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the Dobbhoff\n tube extends at least to the junction of the second and third portions of the\n duodenum, where it crosses the lower margin of the image. The tip of the\n endotracheal tube measures approximately 2.1 cm above the carina. Low lung\n volumes with little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Tracheostomy tube again noted, as described. Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a small left effusion. New opacity in the right upper zone medially extending to the right hilum. The appearance is suggestive of a new area of focal consolidation. If clinically feasible, the differential diagnosis could include an area of aspiration. Atelectasis can occur in this location, but is considered less likely given the presence of air bronchograms. Interval improvement of aeration at the right lung base, with some persistent patchy opacity at the right lung base and a small right pleural fusion. Findings: Slightly rotated positioning. The tip of the tracheostomy tube lies approximately 2.8 cm above the carina. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is probably unchanged. Again seen is left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a small left effusion. Opacity in the right upper zone medially is more pronounced on the current examination. There due to appear to be associated air bronchograms. Opacity at the right base appears improved, with improved visualization of the right hemidiaphragm. A small right effusion remains present. Again seen is the right sided Port-A-Cath, with tip in the region of the cavoatrial junction. The left IJ central line is again seen, with tip over mid/distal SVC. Although it is difficult to confirm the patient's position, there is suggestion of left convex rotary scoliosis of the lumbar spine. It remains possible, albeit less likely, that this is an artifact due to positioning. Rounded iatrogenic structure over the left lower abdomen is compatible with a gastrostomy tube. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10269181/s53799929/846d111d-b06db236-e8ad3b94-2d90a99b-82cea8a1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. The\n mediastinum is unremarkable. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits\n for size. No effusion or pneumothorax is noted. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15457431/s57184085/84a4773c-796af02b-98561cf7-d61b3178-ff7f4939.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16034181/s58175663/84f30297-39be3e30-021f9ceb-c14a866a-ff7053d3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Increasing cardiomegaly and vascular congestion. Unchanged small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly has increased in size compared to ___ with increased\n pulmonary vascular engorgement. Small bilateral pleural effusions are\n unchanged, and the lungs are clear of focal consolidation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16683757/s54335653/85075912-24fd6f93-372dd618-02e8b4b1-acf0b956.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Post-treatment changes in the left lung correlate to findings from prior CT chest from ___, not appreciably changed. No evidence of superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to assess given posttreatment changes in left lung. Mediastinal surgical clips are noted. There is opacity in the left lower lung with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and blunting of left lateral CP angle with left lateral pleural thickening. This correlates to findings on a CT chest from ___, likely relating to post treatment changes in the left lung. The left upper lung is grossly clear. The right lung is mildly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pneumothorax. There is no right pleural effusion. There is no pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Probable atelectasis at the right lung base. No definite consolidation. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes demonstrate calcification of the\n aortic arch but otherwise appear grossly unremarkable. There is slight\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle, probably representing changes of\n atelectasis. No definite consolidative process is seen. No other focal\n pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. Examination\n of osseous structures demonstrate mild anterior shortening of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, but are otherwise unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Post-treatment changes in the left lung correlate to findings from prior CT chest from ___, not appreciably changed. No evidence of superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to assess given posttreatment changes in left lung. Mediastinal surgical clips are noted. There is opacity in the left lower lung with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and blunting of left lateral CP angle with left lateral pleural thickening. This correlates to findings on a CT chest from ___, likely relating to post treatment changes in the left lung. The left upper lung is grossly clear. The right lung is mildly hypoinflated but clear. There is no pneumothorax. There is no right pleural effusion. There is no pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s57717537/87d13784-35495ec2-cffeda97-23cf108b-c05e835b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Very low lung volumes have slightly decreased since ___. \n Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities most likely represent atelectasis. A\n small left pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is unchanged since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low, which is only slightly worsened since ___. This accentuates the\n cardiac silhouette which appears stably enlarged. There is mild vascular\n congestion, but no overt pulmonary edema. The mediastinal contour is stable;\n the pulmonary artery is enlarged. Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax is seen. There are clips in the left upper quadrant of the\n abdomen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12663605/s58673717/88ccf610-b3c4e8b9-dc228355-6410ee87-1191a63b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16768418/s51878253/894066e5-5d358d23-4a0565ac-ebb2bd92-c882bc27.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged\n position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no pleural abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s58240183/896369e9-0e4e879b-f8fccc40-e58605c2-c1bfaf48.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pulmonary\n edema has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14429763/s58891473/8b292385-a084a6ef-4fbb970f-f117f041-c4e194d0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: COPD with left upper lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Please note, follow-up to resolution is strongly recommended to exclude underlying malignant process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is left lung volume loss with increased left upper lung opacity concerning for pneumonia. Scarring in the right apex is noted. The heart is mildly enlarged. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Aortic calcification is present. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable in size. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Improving opacity in left retrocardiac\n region is likely due to atelectasis. Small pleural effusions are present\n bilaterally. Indwelling devices are unchanged in position." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: COPD with left upper lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Please note, follow-up to resolution is strongly recommended to exclude underlying malignant process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is left lung volume loss with increased left upper lung opacity concerning for pneumonia. Scarring in the right apex is noted. The heart is mildly enlarged. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Aortic calcification is present. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17257394/s58095545/8b6ea4f6-89ae50df-87c1a2b5-dfcfcf4e-43d511e1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. No\n overt pulmonary edema is seen. No displaced fracture is identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17559288/s59460245/8bae8ab0-e159b156-5842575c-b4b8c1ae-e9c64339.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. There is a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The monitoring and support devices are also in correct position. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with moderate fluid overload. Potential small left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bilateral moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema has worsened over last 24 hours. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4 cm above the carina and is appropriate.\n Right internal jugular line terminates at mid SVC. An orogastric tube is seen\n to course below the level of the diaphragm into the stomach; however, distal\n end is beyond the view of radiograph. Bilateral, diffuse, lung opacities\n reflecting moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema, improved between ___ and\n ___, but since then has minimally worsened. Top normal sized heart,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are stable in appearance." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. There is a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The monitoring and support devices are also in correct position. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with moderate fluid overload. Potential small left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal opacities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13381744/s55522316/8d4c9eb2-984e5879-a822d017-56d518a7-0a75fbd5.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable moderate cardiomegaly. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable compared to prior studies. The lungs are well inflated, and there is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or focal airspace consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The right lung is clear without consolidation. The previously seen\n equivocal opacity was likely from superimposed normal vessels in the setting\n of low lung volumes. The left hilum remains mildly prominent due to patient's\n known tumor, but is much improved from the previous chest radiograph on\n ___. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of\n the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal and unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable moderate cardiomegaly. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable compared to prior studies. The lungs are well inflated, and there is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or focal airspace consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19837705/s50705665/8f092636-8655ebb5-82f5c8a4-ac96ebaf-b108319a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. Mild fluid overload. Cardiomegaly, extensive right pleural effusion with subsequent right middle and lower lung consolidations, likely to represent atelectasis, pneumonia, or a combination of both. Unchanged right PICC line. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable position\n of left-sided pacer device. Findings: There is persistent severe enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Patient is status post median\n sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. Dual lead left-sided pacer device\n is stable in position. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant change. Mild fluid overload. Cardiomegaly, extensive right pleural effusion with subsequent right middle and lower lung consolidations, likely to represent atelectasis, pneumonia, or a combination of both. Unchanged right PICC line. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17934731/s50363621/8fdce4f7-e8a2f25a-1a1a6f63-0ed1ae0f-60b43684.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Marked rotary levoscoliosis slightly limits assessment. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are unchanged, with the heart size within normal limits. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Mild bronchial wall thickening is noted in the right\n lung base, compatible with bronchiectasis as seen on the prior chest CT." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17055995/s53609513/906e0eaa-60dfa37d-c7be4868-5d9613b9-f49fd253.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Enteric tube with side port projecting above the GE junction. ___ require advancement. Otherwise stable support structures. 2. Unchanged lung parenchyma and stable small bilateral layering pleural effusions. Findings: ET tube is seen in stable position 3.7 cm above the carina. Right IJ central venous catheter is in stable position projecting over the mid to lower SVC. Enteric tube is again seen coursing inferiorly with distal tip projecting approximately over the stomach, however side port is most likely above the GE junction, in comparison to prior radiograph. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged in appearance. The bilateral hila are not well seen. There is unchanged appearance of the bilateral lung parenchyma, with pulmonary vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema. There are unchanged small bilateral layering pleural effusions. There are stable multiple bilateral calcified lymph nodes, pleural and parenchymal calcifications. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New mild edema may obscure the previously questioned right\n aspiration/pneumonia. Findings: Left IJ central line stable. Lung volumes are low compared to the prior\n radiograph. The previously identified right peribronchial consolidation has\n increased in density, likely secondary to new edema and vascular congestion.\n Heart size and mediastinal contours are stable. No pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Enteric tube with side port projecting above the GE junction. ___ require advancement. Otherwise stable support structures. 2. Unchanged lung parenchyma and stable small bilateral layering pleural effusions. Findings: ET tube is seen in stable position 3.7 cm above the carina. Right IJ central venous catheter is in stable position projecting over the mid to lower SVC. Enteric tube is again seen coursing inferiorly with distal tip projecting approximately over the stomach, however side port is most likely above the GE junction, in comparison to prior radiograph. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged in appearance. The bilateral hila are not well seen. There is unchanged appearance of the bilateral lung parenchyma, with pulmonary vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema. There are unchanged small bilateral layering pleural effusions. There are stable multiple bilateral calcified lymph nodes, pleural and parenchymal calcifications. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11932181/s53058995/91310c64-f689bd9a-53a0bb24-83baba02-d33e0c78.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs were acquired of the chest. The lungs\n are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral degenerative changes\n of the acromioclavicular joints are noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12388581/s51553781/92f37995-1d0ade97-7686e702-9ab7dfd5-ea7832d1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. There are mild degenerative changes noted in the lower thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly without definite superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is rotated to the left. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is likely at least mild\n cardiomegaly although evaluation is limited due to patient positioning. There\n is no visualized pneumomediastinum. Right humeral head orthopedic hardware is\n identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. There are mild degenerative changes noted in the lower thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15187487/s59454021/93d7f4a0-4ecb302c-972b3d65-e37fe54d-0c1e5f27.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Little change and no acute abnormality. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, little change. Again there is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette without vascular congestion or pleural effusion or acute focal pneumonia. Posterior right lower lobe coiling is again seen. Again noted is the deformity involving the left eighth rib. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes that accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart and tortuosity of\n the aorta. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Little change and no acute abnormality. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, little change. Again there is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette without vascular congestion or pleural effusion or acute focal pneumonia. Posterior right lower lobe coiling is again seen. Again noted is the deformity involving the left eighth rib. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16346354/s59889283/948bd46d-61f1d63e-56f946d2-b4c37349-5d0518ae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: ICD leads over right atrium, right ventricle, and in region of coronary sinus.\n \n Probable atelectasis and small right pleural effusion new or more pronounced\n than on ___. Right lung base pneumothorax is considered much less\n likely. Attention to this area on followup films is requested. Findings: An ICD is in place. 1 lead overlies right atrium AND AN other overlies the\n right ventricle. The third lead courses posteriorly and lies in the expected\n location of the coronary sinus.\n \n There is a small effusion at the right costophrenic angle. There is probable\n atelectasis with a small curvilinear sliver of air in between. This is less\n likely to represent a RIGHT LUNG BASE pneumothorax, as there is no\n corresponding abnormality on the lateral view. Left costophrenic sulcus is\n clear.\n \n No overt CHF or focal infiltrate identified. No apical pneumothorax detected.\n \n Background hyperinflation likely present, similar to prior" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14235184/s53464266/94e2c7bb-a81ac1fe-fce3a631-5677d6b2-605bd1fe.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidations. The heart is\n mildly to moderately enlarged but unchanged. There is no evidence for\n pulmonary edema. The mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17002995/s53093135/9bbce2c8-90534017-445931b8-8f207173-2068749c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No pneumonia. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable positioning of the right Port-A-Cath. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Left apical nodule is unchanged and has been further characterized on prior CT-Torso. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment\n with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated\n projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No pneumonia. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable positioning of the right Port-A-Cath. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Left apical nodule is unchanged and has been further characterized on prior CT-Torso. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18057037/s52244987/9d33ba30-3b746ce7-bf969585-85fde961-8967f38c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Enlarged left hilum; per patient's ED notes, the patient had an outpatient CT revealing a left lung mass. Reference to that CT recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The left hilum is prominent. No additional areas of consolidation are seen. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinum is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New mild pulmonary edema and unchanged small bilateral pleural\n effusions, since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of the interstitial markings\n as well as bilateral patchy airspace opacities consistent with pulmonary edema\n which is new since ___. Moderate, left greater than right, pleural\n effusions are unchanged. No pneumothorax is identified. There are surgical\n clips in the left upper abdomen. There is eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Enlarged left hilum; per patient's ED notes, the patient had an outpatient CT revealing a left lung mass. Reference to that CT recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The left hilum is prominent. No additional areas of consolidation are seen. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinum is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, which means that there are no visible abnormalities or signs of disease in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13894716/s55925366/a5ae71de-54cbb819-a5beec7b-4134871f-563b0982.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic fibrotic and emphysematous changes again noted. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The left costophrenic angle is not captured on this study, however, there does not appear to be a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas is consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral joint are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Lines and tubes essentially unchanged. No pneumothorax detected.\n \n Mild to moderate cardiomegaly without significant change.\n \n CHF with interstitial and probably some degree of alveolar edema.\n \n Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation.\n \n Hazy density at right greater left bases is suggestive of layering pleural\n effusions, more pronounced than on the prior film.\n \n Possibility of new collapse and/or consolidation at the right base laterally\n cannot be excluded. Findings: Allowing for differences in positioning, the ET tube NG tube and 2 right IJ\n lines are probably similar in position. Again seen is mild to moderate\n cardiomegaly and CHF with vascular plethora an interstitial edema. Small\n amount of alveolar edema would be difficult to exclude. Retrocardiac opacity\n consistent with left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation is unchanged.\n \n There is increased hazy density over the right over lower half of the right\n lung and to some degree at the left base. I suspect this reflects layering\n pleural effusions. Presence of progressed collapse and/or consolidation at\n the right base laterally cannot be excluded." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic fibrotic and emphysematous changes again noted. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The left costophrenic angle is not captured on this study, however, there does not appear to be a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas is consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes of the right glenohumeral joint are noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18232123/s55748803/a6e77d86-03752397-ff4284ee-c2bc16dd-feff8cee.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild cardiomegaly and a large hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Slight blunting at the right costophrenic sulcus is probably due to minor scarring. The lungs appear clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes within the\n shoulders, right greater than left. Note is made of inferior spurring of the\n glenohumeral joint on the right." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild cardiomegaly and a large hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Slight blunting at the right costophrenic sulcus is probably due to minor scarring. The lungs appear clear. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11686207/s54673619/a8533919-65ca2062-6abef4f8-63fa076f-475432a3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Old stable, probably specific bilateral apical scar formations,\n moderate cardiac enlargement with mild degree of chronic CHF but no evidence\n of acute pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is moderate cardiac enlargement and the thoracic\n aorta is generally widened and elongated. Calcium deposits are seen in the\n wall, mostly at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates\n an upper zone redistribution pattern, but there is no sign of an advanced\n interstitial or alveolar edema. No evidence of acute infiltrates and the\n lateral pleural sinuses are free. In the apical area, thickened pleural\n structures are noted bilaterally and combined with old scar formations and\n irregular densities in the peripheral portions of the parenchyma in this\n territory. When comparison is made with the next previous examination of\n ___, these changes have not undergone any difference in\n appearance anf represent old inactive specific scars. Comparison\n demonstrates on the other hand that the cardiac size has increased mildly and\n so has the upper zone redistribution pattern. Acute infiltrates are not\n present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. This means that the heart and lungs appear to be functioning normally, without any signs of immediate or severe issues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14437159/s58711037/abd48eb7-fe935d4c-897f0abd-f865a839-42bedbc3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. An aortic valve replacement is visualized partcularly on the lateral view. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is noted. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. An aortic valve replacement is visualized partcularly on the lateral view. The mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is noted. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10401700/s50064627/acf8db28-7be06aa5-dec86122-ecb7e055-f198a3f8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP view of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP view of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16197098/s52663873/ad7d1cde-f67b3e6f-3420f812-641b1b2f-b2441e48.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increased bronchovascular markings in both lower lungs, likely related to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung volumes. No focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. Lung volumes are slightly low. There is an increase in the bronchovascular markings in both lower lungs, best appreciated on the frontal projection, likely secondary to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no focal consolidation. The heart appears prominent on the frontal projection, although is suboptimally assessed given the low lung volumes. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. The mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Widened mediastinum which could be secondary to many factors including low\n lung volumes however acute aortic pathology cannot be ruled out on the basis\n of this radiograph.\n \n On attending readout comment is also noted that the tissue posterior to the\n sternum was thickened. All these findings are probably due to low lung volumes\n and a repeat PA and lateral radiograph with full inspiration would be able to\n better assess the situation.\n \n Updated findings after attending readout discussed with ___ at\n 8:36 AM via telephone. Initial findings discussed with ___ at 5:20 AM\n via telephone. Findings: The mediastinum appears widened especially comparatively to the most recent\n prior chest x-ray however some of this may be due to low lung volumes. The\n lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increased bronchovascular markings in both lower lungs, likely related to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung volumes. No focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. Lung volumes are slightly low. There is an increase in the bronchovascular markings in both lower lungs, best appreciated on the frontal projection, likely secondary to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no focal consolidation. The heart appears prominent on the frontal projection, although is suboptimally assessed given the low lung volumes. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. The mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18926499/s53494114/af474c68-0fb2d552-26f4cb34-74f1c5d1-8ade5ca4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities left greater than right, potentially atelectasis, although they could represent pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is patchy bibasilar opacity, greater on the left than on the right. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Known small left pneumothorax seen on CT is not appreciated on the radiograph.\n Left lower lobe contusions are also better seen on CT. Findings: Left lower lung opacity is re- demonstrated. Known small hemothorax blunts the\n left costophrenic sulcus. Heart size is normal. Known small left pneumothorax\n is not well seen. Non-displaced rib fractures are better seen on concurrent CT\n of the chest." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities left greater than right, potentially atelectasis, although they could represent pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is patchy bibasilar opacity, greater on the left than on the right. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11091816/s51797846/b21d03fd-ba77c145-efcda1f7-654925ed-bba4d6e8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality consistent with asthma. Mild chronic cardiomegaly Findings: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality. Normal pleura and mediastinal surfaces. Mild cardiomegaly, predominately left ventricular enlargement is chronic, but there is insufficient vascular engorgement today to suggest acute cardiac decompensation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is present. The aorta is tortuous.\n The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality consistent with asthma. Mild chronic cardiomegaly Findings: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality. Normal pleura and mediastinal surfaces. Mild cardiomegaly, predominately left ventricular enlargement is chronic, but there is insufficient vascular engorgement today to suggest acute cardiac decompensation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16034181/s59599710/b399bd52-4c8c5e61-6bb23031-5843f7ed-c1134475.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increase in right apical opacity and three new right upper lung opacities located inferiorly could be scarring, however, malignancy cannot be excluded. CT chest is recommended for clarification. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the prior studies. Previously noted biapical opacities have increased on the right and could represent scarring, however, pulmonary malignancy is not excluded. Located inferior to the right apical opacity, there are three new nodules, the largest measures 7 mm and projects over the right clavicle and the posterior right fourth rib. Unchanged mild hyperinflation of the lungs and flattening of the diaphragm suggests COPD. The heart size is normal and the aorta is tortuous but normal in caliber. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Slight interval increase in consolidation overlying the right lower lobe\n concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There appears to be slight interval increase in opacification\n overlying the right lower lobe. There is stable mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly\n with mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. There is no evidence of pulmonary\n edema. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There is a stable hiatal\n hernia. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increase in right apical opacity and three new right upper lung opacities located inferiorly could be scarring, however, malignancy cannot be excluded. CT chest is recommended for clarification. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the prior studies. Previously noted biapical opacities have increased on the right and could represent scarring, however, pulmonary malignancy is not excluded. Located inferior to the right apical opacity, there are three new nodules, the largest measures 7 mm and projects over the right clavicle and the posterior right fourth rib. Unchanged mild hyperinflation of the lungs and flattening of the diaphragm suggests COPD. The heart size is normal and the aorta is tortuous but normal in caliber. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14544801/s55332401/b3d3f351-2f2c324c-963ca19b-fb5f5df2-0d7e9a31.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the endotracheal tube has been advanced. The tip of the tube now projects 5 cm above the carina. The extent of the bilateral pectoral gas inclusions is unchanged. Minimally increasing bilateral pleural effusions with subsequent areas of atelectasis at the lung bases. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette, minimal fluid overload. No newly appeared pneumonia. The other monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Increased opacification in the right lung suggesting pneumonia in\n the right lower lobe and increased effusion. Cavity in the RUL slightly\n obscured to to adjacent increased pleural effusion. Findings: There is complete opacification of the right lower lung with air\n bronchograms suggestive of pneumonia. The large cavity in the upper lung field\n is partially opacified by adjacent effusion, which appears intervally\n increased. Increased interstitial thickening in the left lung is unchanged.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the left." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the endotracheal tube has been advanced. The tip of the tube now projects 5 cm above the carina. The extent of the bilateral pectoral gas inclusions is unchanged. Minimally increasing bilateral pleural effusions with subsequent areas of atelectasis at the lung bases. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette, minimal fluid overload. No newly appeared pneumonia. The other monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16306599/s50173042/b3e3432f-8de35a57-84779127-6d36d4db-a8e9317f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the pericardial drain has been removed. There is no evidence of interval recurrence of larger pleural effusions. No evidence of pericardial effusion. Known and unchanged left hilar mass with subsequent areas of perihilar fibrotic changes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Left costophrenic angle not fully included on the image. \n Otherwise, aside from top normal to mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette, no\n acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The\n right costophrenic angle is not fully included on the image. Given this, no\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is left base atelectasis. No\n large pleural effusion or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac\n silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. \n No overt pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, the pericardial drain has been removed. There is no evidence of interval recurrence of larger pleural effusions. No evidence of pericardial effusion. Known and unchanged left hilar mass with subsequent areas of perihilar fibrotic changes. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10003502/s57641661/b410634d-0e4278d7-9c9b3561-8f5e5fc4-34a6aac8.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Slightly increasing right basilr opacity, which could potentially represent a developing pneumonia. Short term follow up radiographs may be helpful. Findings: Frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates continued low lung volumes with linear atelectasis at the left base, which appears mildly improved since the prior radiograph. The right basilar opacity appears slightly more confluent, possibly indicating developing pneumonia. Otherwise, there is no area of focal consolidation. The mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged. Small bilateral pleural effusions are likely. No pneumothorax is detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent small bilateral effusions, larger on the left which have decreased\n in size. Decreased pulmonary vascular congestion. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Size of the bilateral effusions, left\n greater than right has slightly decreased in size since prior exam. There is\n less pulmonary vascular congestion on the current exam as well. Cardiac\n silhouette which appears enlarged, is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Slightly increasing right basilr opacity, which could potentially represent a developing pneumonia. Short term follow up radiographs may be helpful. Findings: Frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates continued low lung volumes with linear atelectasis at the left base, which appears mildly improved since the prior radiograph. The right basilar opacity appears slightly more confluent, possibly indicating developing pneumonia. Otherwise, there is no area of focal consolidation. The mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged. Small bilateral pleural effusions are likely. No pneumothorax is detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13671677/s50457804/b57e2fd5-e8efb1d9-46533dc5-2d856c3d-19ab41b4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Appropriate lead\n positioning. Findings: There is a left-sided dual-lead pacemaker with leads terminating in\n appropriate position in the right ventricle and atrium. The heart size is\n normal. The lungs are clear. Hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pulmonary edema. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous with no\n suggestion of aneurysm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19580750/s52799543/b5ff5541-31d765d8-cd2e6649-54d1b9d4-8fffaebf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Interval improvement in right upper and mid lung zone opacities, with a small area of opacification remaining. 2. Hyperlucent zone at right lung base but no pneumothorax. 3. New small right pleural effusion with basilar atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is interval improvement in the previous opacities in the right upper and mid lung zones. A small area of opacification remains in the right upper lobe. There is now a hyperlucent zone at the right lung base, but no evidence of pneumothorax. A small right pleural effusion has developed with associated compressive basilar atelectasis. The left lung is fully expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are stable. A Dobbhoff tube terminates in the first part of the duodenum. It is looped twice in the fundus of the stomach. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Mild\n cardiomegaly. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal. A left\n pectoral pacemaker with right atrial and right ventricular leads is unchanged. Findings: ___ CT torso" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Interval improvement in right upper and mid lung zone opacities, with a small area of opacification remaining. 2. Hyperlucent zone at right lung base but no pneumothorax. 3. New small right pleural effusion with basilar atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is interval improvement in the previous opacities in the right upper and mid lung zones. A small area of opacification remains in the right upper lobe. There is now a hyperlucent zone at the right lung base, but no evidence of pneumothorax. A small right pleural effusion has developed with associated compressive basilar atelectasis. The left lung is fully expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are stable. A Dobbhoff tube terminates in the first part of the duodenum. It is looped twice in the fundus of the stomach. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of any immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18465343/s51903210/b67cd139-11d3def4-dd27dd95-352e5abf-1593d5ae.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle on the\n lateral view suggests chronic pleural thickening rather than small effusion. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11465247/s56946073/b85ecda1-089e869a-90607e39-84199c93-e66fae7a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the left upper\n lobe/lingula. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is a vague\n consolidation in the lateral aspect of the left lung which localizes\n anteriorly which is concerning for pneumonia. No large effusion. Right lung\n is clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume. Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13356814/s52613722/b9e0794f-128bc11f-687abd02-c3068507-8bd8cb3e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval development of probable right lower lobe pneumonia or aspiration. \n Clinical correlation is advised. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The aorta is tortuous. \n The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded suggestive of underlying emphysema. There\n has been interval development of a right lower lobe opacity which would be\n concerning for pneumonia or aspiration, less likely atelectasis. No\n pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. Note is made of severe degenerative change\n involving the right glenohumeral joint." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Mild hyperinflation. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but\n otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11128012/s57451515/bc2e5f8e-5fa53cf8-97cc7920-21879c69-eada094b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. The heart is normal in size, and\n the mediastinal contours are normal. There continues to be elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm, similar to prior radiographs." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s53126282/bcfdab4a-41f56a9d-969a736a-88b92d25-0b313cc1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. No new areas of\n airspace consolidation. The cardiomediastinal shadow is unchanged. No pleural\n effusions. Mild coarsening of the interstitial markings persist." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17257394/s53674243/be2133c9-f05ac108-0faae545-ba98a682-38e81a89.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged. Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is within normal limits. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine. Clips\n in the right axilla are compatible with prior lymph node dissection." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged. Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16319384/s59631748/c06025b9-935d32ff-0efabf34-2f711ce7-e4fc7000.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Left lower lobe opacity which could reflect aspiration or pneumonia. Clinical correlation advised. 2. Mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion. 3. Prominent right hilum, concerning for lymphadenopathy. Anterior shallow obliques or a chest CT can be obtained for further evaluation if clinically warranted. Findings: A left single lead pacemaker projects over the left lower chest and the lead likely terminates in the right ventricle. Lung volumes are decreased, accentuating the cardiac silhouette which otherwise appears mildly enlarged. There is a left lower lobe opacity, which may reflect aspiration or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. There is prominence of the right hilum. There is prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. No large pleural effusion identified, although limited examination of the left costophrenic angle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild central vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest dual pacing device,\n its leads which appear intact and stable in position. Heart size is mildly\n enlarged. There is central vascular engorgement without overt evidence of\n pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle is likely\n atelectatic in etiology. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is no evidence to suggest pneumonia." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Left lower lobe opacity which could reflect aspiration or pneumonia. Clinical correlation advised. 2. Mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion. 3. Prominent right hilum, concerning for lymphadenopathy. Anterior shallow obliques or a chest CT can be obtained for further evaluation if clinically warranted. Findings: A left single lead pacemaker projects over the left lower chest and the lead likely terminates in the right ventricle. Lung volumes are decreased, accentuating the cardiac silhouette which otherwise appears mildly enlarged. There is a left lower lobe opacity, which may reflect aspiration or pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. There is prominence of the right hilum. There is prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. No large pleural effusion identified, although limited examination of the left costophrenic angle. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15187487/s59454021/c19b1845-8b30cfe3-2ddb71ae-c687d110-276dccce.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The examination is limited by poor penetration likely secondary to the patient's body habitus. Within this limitation, the lungs appear well expanded without focal consolidation to suggest infectious process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes that accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart and tortuosity of\n the aorta. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The examination is limited by poor penetration likely secondary to the patient's body habitus. Within this limitation, the lungs appear well expanded without focal consolidation to suggest infectious process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11668016/s53288720/c28d6f89-4ca74a2d-2dac60f1-572eb1e1-651e43a4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Focal ground-glass opacities seen on the current CT are below the resolution of this radiograph and not demonstrated. The mediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. Mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. Findings: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Mild degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No displaced fracture is\n seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Focal ground-glass opacities seen on the current CT are below the resolution of this radiograph and not demonstrated. The mediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. Mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16698318/s55141338/c34ed3e3-bb96ed94-9a7e3ce0-7e06cff2-ced55bdc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia and small right pleural effusion.\n \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is an\n ill-defined opacity in the right lower lobe that does not obscure the right\n heart border. A right-sided pleural effusion is small. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is mild. Aortic calcifications are minimal." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s50741129/c3a5cd3a-ef8d5ed2-e9185ad1-5ed385b0-b980a67e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Nonspecific bibasilar opacities, right worse than left, which are concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: There are nonspecific bibasilar opacities. The apices of the lungs are clear.\n There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No fracture is identified on this\n limited supine view." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19358609/s53320690/c3ab7330-992f2893-ebd35a90-84ee8f64-3922a960.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Subtle heterogeneous opacity at the right posterior lung base which could represent either atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. Subtle heterogeneous consolidation at the right posterior lung base is suspicious for pneumonia. The remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild compression deformity of the T7 vertebral body is unchanged from ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia. Findings: The multifocal bilateral opacities have essentially completely resolved since\n ___. Left pleural effusion has also completely resolved. Residual\n background emphysematous changes most prominent in the right upper lung with\n scarring and pleural thickening as well as background post-left upper\n lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm are unchanged\n compared to ___. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle reflects\n thickening/scarring. A calcified perihilar node is unchanged. The heart is\n normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous,\n unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of thoracic spine is overall similar with\n similar distortion of thoracic cage. Prominent degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine are also overall unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Subtle heterogeneous opacity at the right posterior lung base which could represent either atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. Subtle heterogeneous consolidation at the right posterior lung base is suspicious for pneumonia. The remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild compression deformity of the T7 vertebral body is unchanged from ___. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11181748/s53610077/c75317be-225faf00-b7bccd06-b199a930-a4ef45ff.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Slight interval decrease in right-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided pleural effusion has minimally decreased. Right-sided adjacent\n atelectasis and fluid along the fissure have also decreased. The left lung is\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Numerous calcified\n lesions in the right chest wall are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16288388/s50020535/c78c0eb4-e2192739-b11564a9-fdd1ae3b-2041db15.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is at upper limits of normal. Osseous structures are unremarkable without visualized displaced rib fracture. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from ___. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is at upper limits of normal. Osseous structures are unremarkable without visualized displaced rib fracture. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18113771/s54922575/c7e010a6-159db893-31dac930-c5bc900b-9feb9c89.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are stable with postoperative cardiac sillouhette and postsurgical hardware. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Left greater than right basilar\n opacities suggestive of atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified. No free intraperitoneal air identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are stable with postoperative cardiac sillouhette and postsurgical hardware. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11614040/s56418467/c81743fc-40348d42-c468e36f-0c9077e0-46d24e73.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates a right IJ central venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left apical pneumothorax is slightly increased compared to prior now measuring 21 mm, previously 17 mm. Otherwise, there is stable appearance of the chest with unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been a\n thoracentesis on the left with removal of substantial fluid from the pleural\n space. Specifically, no evidence of appreciable pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates a right IJ central venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left apical pneumothorax is slightly increased compared to prior now measuring 21 mm, previously 17 mm. Otherwise, there is stable appearance of the chest with unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17933711/s59614080/c9490237-d2939ebb-637bda9a-e5a0039f-284b489b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema. Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes and mild pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Possible trace pleural effusions but no large pleural effusion. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes. Mild pulmonary edema is seen. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There may be trace pleural effusions\n posteriorly, but no large pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. ." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema. Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10569231/s54463242/c9537d32-fb8e976f-0128f837-6f009881-56b28f56.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema.\n \n The lung bases are underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased\n opacity projecting over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be\n due to atelectasis although an early consolidation due to aspiration or\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The lung bases are\n underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased opacity projecting\n over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be due to atelectasis\n although an early consolidation due to aspiration or infection is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mediastinal contours are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13421580/s56979948/ca37ce49-8fdec0d6-4dc2466b-44543962-762cad72.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Interval re-positioning of left PICC, now terminating in the\n proximal superior vena cava. Other devices are unchanged in position. Heart\n size remains normal. Multifocal pulmonary opacities in the mid and lower\n lungs appear relatively similar to the prior study allowing for patient\n rotation. Moderate-to-large pleural effusions are again demonstrated, with\n apparent slight improvement on the right. Diffuse haziness of upper abdomen\n is suggestive of ascites." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and NG tube are unchanged from prior exam. The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is seen and there is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s55352995/cabb5fa9-d1acd957-85f5de3b-98fe2481-6ebf62bd.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There has been interval improvement in aeration in the lower lobes. No focal\n infiltrate is identified. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11216230/s57239326/cb6b6702-9109f7be-cb626f90-5de5b6ef-4f4c7ad9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP view of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Prominent\n bilateral interstitial markings are stable from prior exam. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. Multiple bilateral rib deformities reflect\n prior fractures." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP view of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19553042/s55426590/cb99dab1-a1f4878e-3675f453-2ede08f3-11caa34b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes with left basilar streaky opacity most likely reflective of atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are decreased compared to the prior exam. This results in accentuation of the cardiac silhouette size which is likely borderline enlarged. The aorta is mildly unfolded. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Minimal left basilar streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Low lung volumes accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Stable prominence\n of the right hilum. Bibasilar opacities may be due to multifocal infection\n superimposed on mild interstitial edema depending on the clinical scenario. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Slight prominence of the right hilum\n is also stable. There are relatively low lung volumes. Given this, patchy\n bibasilar opacities are seen, which while could relate to underlying edema,\n raises a concern for multifocal infection. There is also mid lung\n atelectasis. There is prominence of interstitial markings bilaterally. This\n may be due to underlying edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Low lung volumes with left basilar streaky opacity most likely reflective of atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are decreased compared to the prior exam. This results in accentuation of the cardiac silhouette size which is likely borderline enlarged. The aorta is mildly unfolded. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Minimal left basilar streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities are present. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no significant abnormalities. The patient's lungs appear to be clear, and there are no visible signs of infection, inflammation, or other issues." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13894716/s58909423/cc37ee77-09d0c8aa-9c6a813c-7d3bf233-057edd33.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Lung volumes continue to be low but are slightly improved compared to the study from two days prior. There is improved aeration at the bases and decreased vascular plethora, however, there is still an element of pulmonary vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegaly. Thus, mild fluid overload is likely. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: New enteric tube tip in the mid stomach.\n Otherwise stable Findings: All enteric tube tip in the mid stomach. Endotracheal tube tip in good\n position. Right IJ central line, introducer sheath in place, similar. \n Increased heart size, pulmonary vascularity. Interstitial prominence, likely\n edema. Bilateral pleural effusions, stable. Bilateral lower lung opacities,\n likely atelectasis." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Lung volumes continue to be low but are slightly improved compared to the study from two days prior. There is improved aeration at the bases and decreased vascular plethora, however, there is still an element of pulmonary vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegaly. Thus, mild fluid overload is likely. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16389477/s55304215/cc802574-9ed7ecb7-b29eaa57-59092e24-9e774cdf.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: ET and enteric tubes appropriately positioned. Findings: On the second image, the ET tube tip is 4.4 cm from the carina. Enteric tube\n seen with tip in the gastric body. Low lung volumes seen with crowding of the\n bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13866250/s56868936/cd93f5ed-8955a049-e8718dc7-1ed931f6-00410869.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increased pleural-based density at the right base. This may represent a partially loculated hemothorax in the setting of recent trauma. Recommend CT of the chest for additional evaluation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrated hyperexpanded lungs. Increased pleural-based density at the right base posteriorly may represent a partially loculated hemorrhagic right-sided pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pneumothorax. Increased soft tissue density seen in the posterior soft tissues adjacent to the pleural based abnormality on the lateral view. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the level of the middle lobe, on both the frontal and the\n lateral radiograph, findings indicating pneumonia are seen. The right heart\n border is obliterated, there is increased density in the middle lobe on the\n lateral radiograph. \n \n No pleural effusions. No other pathologic findings. Borderline size of the\n cardiac silhouette, normal hilar and mediastinal contours. \n \n A wet read was delivered at the time of image acquisition, ___,\n 6:02 p.m." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Increased pleural-based density at the right base. This may represent a partially loculated hemothorax in the setting of recent trauma. Recommend CT of the chest for additional evaluation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrated hyperexpanded lungs. Increased pleural-based density at the right base posteriorly may represent a partially loculated hemorrhagic right-sided pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pneumothorax. Increased soft tissue density seen in the posterior soft tissues adjacent to the pleural based abnormality on the lateral view. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13671677/s59005527/cdbffb1b-b48fd807-aadb1f9f-0acda7ba-dd92b80a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of chest demonstrate clear lungs. No pneumothorax. Minimal streaky atelectasis in the left midlung is unchanged. No pleural effusion. PICC has been removed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is seen with lead extending the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of chest demonstrate clear lungs. No pneumothorax. Minimal streaky atelectasis in the left midlung is unchanged. No pleural effusion. PICC has been removed. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16456728/s52571563/cfaacd99-7ac63214-6b328e63-b94c98af-9872e989.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute process. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Suggestion of slight fullness at the right\n thoracic inlet may be due to a thyroid nodule or thyroiditis. Correlation with\n clinical exam is recommended. Findings: The lung volumes are somewhat low, accentuating retrocardiac vascular\n markings. No discrete consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is identified. The heart size is normal. Suggestion of a\n slight impression upon the right aspect of the trachea at the level of the\n thoracic inlet is noted." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute process. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11001469/s54076811/d0d2bd0c-8bc50aa2-a9ab3ca1-cf9c9404-543a10b7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of free air. Findings: The lungs show minimal bilateral\n dependent atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No evidence of free air." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19358609/s51677032/d13ad04b-c27e53cc-ff9b10b6-436d461b-1193ec8b.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right base opacity raises concern for consolidation, possibly due to infection or aspiration. 2. Chronic changes of COPD/pulmonary emphysema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The lungs remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base scarring suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. The patient is rotated to the right. New since the prior study, there is right basilar opacity, raising concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the costophrenic angles which may relate to the hyperinflated lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Worsening volume loss and opacification of the left lung suggesting pneumonia\n superimposed on chronic findings. Findings: Superimposed on chronic volume loss, parenchymal scarring, and pleural\n thickening in the left hemithorax, there is a persistent superimposed\n opacification in the left lung, which has worsened somewhat between over two\n days including increased volume loss. Findings in the right lung appear more\n chronic." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Right base opacity raises concern for consolidation, possibly due to infection or aspiration. 2. Chronic changes of COPD/pulmonary emphysema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The lungs remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base scarring suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. The patient is rotated to the right. New since the prior study, there is right basilar opacity, raising concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight blunting of the costophrenic angles which may relate to the hyperinflated lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15846912/s56587661/d275e1c7-ddf3bda8-85dc221d-4c9b4fc3-17f8a621.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The hilar structures are unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen along the spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13722528/s53966206/d32f47ef-e58a672f-861f3eff-c37a113c-d426926f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Chronic changes in the lungs without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Increased interstitial markings seen at the periphery of the lung, right\n greater than left compatible with previously noted subpleural fibrotic\n changes. There is no new focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13740705/s54045900/d4d8ed91-d54929b5-a7e9fd6e-063cc534-089ceaab.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute skeletal abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is borderline enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable and the pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are no acute skeletal abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18408427/s57343186/d56ec13f-3fe3f117-6b11abb3-4cb39cf6-67273b67.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is deformity of the right the scapula, as mentioned before suggestive of fracture. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute infiltrates or CHF. Stable chest findings\n since ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar chest examination ___ ___. Heart size remains within normal\n limits. No typical configurational abnormality is identified. Thoracic aorta\n is unchanged and unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not congested and\n there is no evidence of pneumothorax on the frontal view in the apical area. \n The patient is rather heavyset and able to elevate the arms on the lateral\n view (allegedly related to shoulder discomfort). The pulmonary vasculature is\n not congested. The lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free from any\n fluid accumulation. No acute pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates can be\n identified. Mild degree of degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic\n spine but appear unchanged in comparison with the previous study of ___." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is deformity of the right the scapula, as mentioned before suggestive of fracture. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10986871/s53302173/d60c19c5-2a87cd59-e5c184dd-a81d581c-09f5cb99.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, moderate in size. 2. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared to the prior radiographs, there are bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. This obscures the left heart border. The aerated portions of the lungs fail to demonstrate consolidation. Mild interstitial edema is new. Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Discontinuity of the superior sternal wires unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, left greater than right suggest infection or atelectasis.\n Mild cardiomegaly is stable. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating mild\n cardiomegaly. Mitral annular calcifications are noted. Bibasilar opacities,\n left greater than right are demonstrated and may represent infection or\n atelectasis. Lower lung volumes on the current exam results in crowding of\n the bronchovascular markings. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There is\n no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. There is marked degenerative\n change involving the glenohumeral joints bilaterally." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. New bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, moderate in size. 2. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared to the prior radiographs, there are bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. This obscures the left heart border. The aerated portions of the lungs fail to demonstrate consolidation. Mild interstitial edema is new. Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Discontinuity of the superior sternal wires unchanged. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18580594/s51202750/d9dbe791-88e5c7a0-dc34613c-5913966a-50de825a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Innumerable bilateral nodular opacities, better evaluated on\n recent CT, without evidence of edema or large area of consolidation worrisome\n for pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. Again\n appreciated are innumerable bilateral nodular densities, better appreciated\n and evaluated on recent chest CTA. There is no evidence of vascular\n congestion and interstitial edema. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s51017937/da356d52-522f4027-87bf71f9-a9ee4996-ea735f4e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. No signs of granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidations identified. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. No signs of granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14798972/s51882341/da9bcd9f-310e0f89-ef56f5ed-330d4f9e-c7c83601.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Enteric tube with side port projecting above the GE junction. ___ require advancement. Otherwise stable support structures. 2. Unchanged lung parenchyma and stable small bilateral layering pleural effusions. Findings: ET tube is seen in stable position 3.7 cm above the carina. Right IJ central venous catheter is in stable position projecting over the mid to lower SVC. Enteric tube is again seen coursing inferiorly with distal tip projecting approximately over the stomach, however side port is most likely above the GE junction, in comparison to prior radiograph. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged in appearance. The bilateral hila are not well seen. There is unchanged appearance of the bilateral lung parenchyma, with pulmonary vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema. There are unchanged small bilateral layering pleural effusions. There are stable multiple bilateral calcified lymph nodes, pleural and parenchymal calcifications. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in\n this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes\n are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac\n region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Enteric tube with side port projecting above the GE junction. ___ require advancement. Otherwise stable support structures. 2. Unchanged lung parenchyma and stable small bilateral layering pleural effusions. Findings: ET tube is seen in stable position 3.7 cm above the carina. Right IJ central venous catheter is in stable position projecting over the mid to lower SVC. Enteric tube is again seen coursing inferiorly with distal tip projecting approximately over the stomach, however side port is most likely above the GE junction, in comparison to prior radiograph. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged in appearance. The bilateral hila are not well seen. There is unchanged appearance of the bilateral lung parenchyma, with pulmonary vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema. There are unchanged small bilateral layering pleural effusions. There are stable multiple bilateral calcified lymph nodes, pleural and parenchymal calcifications. There is no pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12085050/s52313236/daa9c2a1-691a861b-e52b5481-7f9bdd7b-7620fca2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A single portable supine chest radiograph was obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the\n aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration\n of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are\n noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral\n joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A single portable supine chest radiograph was obtained. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18827738/s58586249/db391cbe-733e6800-d302fc4f-9088941c-5412983d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube and nasogastric tubes have been removed. Again there is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with dilatation and possible aneurysmal appearance of the descending thoracic aorta. Bibasilar small effusions with compressive atelectasis. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The feeding tube has a tortuous course with the tip coiled in a hiatal hernia,\n pointed upward in the chest. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube and nasogastric tubes have been removed. Again there is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with dilatation and possible aneurysmal appearance of the descending thoracic aorta. Bibasilar small effusions with compressive atelectasis. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of any immediate or severe issues in the patient's chest area." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14385080/s57601753/db537b22-dc6a616a-9ffefaf4-ff2d4311-dd035ac7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: No interval change. The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable. A left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right ventricle. EKG leads overlie the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: The lungs are mildly hyperinflated. A dual lead pacemaker is unchanged in\n position. The cardiomediastinal contour is within normal limits. The heart\n size is at the upper limits for normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion seen. Mild atherosclerotic calcification in the thoracic\n aorta." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: No interval change. The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable. A left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right ventricle. EKG leads overlie the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18573829/s57045282/dc77150b-061bf4d5-09e23a26-52d9ada0-45856897.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities which are most likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Left subclavian central venous catheter is stable. Lung volumes are reduced,\n and the cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. Basilar lung haziness is\n likely fluid or atelectasis. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Bibasilar opacities which are most likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16346354/s55299733/e0a6f265-a3ad624e-1a24c5ee-d4931cd9-612caad9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pleural effusions or focal consolidation. Findings: Compared to the prior study, there is persistent aortic tortuosity and mild cardiomegaly. Lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is present with left ventricular configuration of the heart.\n Aorta is tortuous, and pulmonary vascularity is normal. Focal linear scar in\n the lingula is present as well as localized appear pleural and parenchymal\n scarring at the right base, with latter unchanged since the prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pleural effusions or focal consolidation. Findings: Compared to the prior study, there is persistent aortic tortuosity and mild cardiomegaly. Lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16615572/s54982764/e201cc97-09508e6a-86aabfaa-71bd9008-6859b9e4.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Small-to-moderate right pleural effusion, increased since ___; otherwise, no significant change. Findings: There is a new small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis and scarring in the right middle lobe from prior RFA are unchanged. Coarse right breast calcifications are unchanged. Lungs remain hyperinflated. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Osseous structures are unremarkable except for degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Interval increased right reticular infiltrate could represent pneumonia or\n interstitial lung disease. Noncontrast chest CT is recommended for further\n characterization. Findings: Post left lobectomy with slight increased prominence of postsurgical scarring\n from previous examination. Interval increased reticular infiltrate and\n honeycomb appearance of the right lung base. Pectus excavatum deformity." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Small-to-moderate right pleural effusion, increased since ___; otherwise, no significant change. Findings: There is a new small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis and scarring in the right middle lobe from prior RFA are unchanged. Coarse right breast calcifications are unchanged. Lungs remain hyperinflated. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Osseous structures are unremarkable except for degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19358609/s55682079/e4532f81-d73cf78d-6747f5f7-f662d37a-93adfab2.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild interstitial edema superimposed on a background of severe emphysema. No\n signs of pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Scarring of the lung parenchyma and a left chest wall deformity are stable.\n Hyperinflated lungs with lucency reflect known emphysema. The previously seen\n left retrocardiac opacity has cle resolved ared. No focal opacity. Prominent\n interstitial markings may indicate mild edema. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The heart size is top normal. The aortic knob is calcified in\n the aorta is ectatic. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p10/p10625954/s52666674/e4b6639a-addc6e70-3931f176-25766a17-95a40103.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations\n concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15718331/s52552455/e680a6a3-8d3a8020-1efd254a-c43f36f9-2d1de5da.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again seen with catheter tip in the region of the cavoatrial junction. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stably prominent. Hilar congestion and mild pulmonary interstitial edema is noted though slight asymmetry is noted, right greater than left. Trace pleural fluid is present. No convincing signs of pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged but not significantly changed since\n earlier examinations. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear\n similar. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar along the\n thoracic spine." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath again seen with catheter tip in the region of the cavoatrial junction. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stably prominent. Hilar congestion and mild pulmonary interstitial edema is noted though slight asymmetry is noted, right greater than left. Trace pleural fluid is present. No convincing signs of pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17660889/s55570682/e9993aa3-51eb4a8b-349f7984-ef76541a-4aab169c.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema with appropriately positioned Swan-Ganz catheter. Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usually accepted positioning. Findings: Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter is appropriately positioned. Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is roughly 1.4 cm from the apex of the aortic arch. Heart size is enlarged and bilateral parenchymal opacities likely represent pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Right-sided central venous catheter tip\n terminates in the SVC. Patient is status post median sternotomy and mitral\n annular repair with several anterior mediastinal clips redemonstrated. \n Moderate cardiomegaly persists. There is continued mild congestive heart\n failure with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, which appears\n slightly worse in the interval. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n visualized. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. The aorta remains\n calcified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema with appropriately positioned Swan-Ganz catheter. Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usually accepted positioning. Findings: Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter is appropriately positioned. Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is roughly 1.4 cm from the apex of the aortic arch. Heart size is enlarged and bilateral parenchymal opacities likely represent pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. No pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13571108/s50920453/e9c7e41a-39669be4-ef06a00c-98608201-df448387.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Ill-defined opacity projecting over the periphery of the lingula is concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. An ill-defined nodular opacity projecting over\n the periphery of the lingula is noted, not seen clearly on the lateral view.\n Right lung is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax is present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p12/p12186603/s54260087/ea1611e9-02ce0511-45a33de4-95ec5416-44848b18.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Exam is limited secondary to poor inspiratory effort and patient body habitus. The lungs are grossly clear. There is no effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but likely accentuated due to a poor inspiratory effort and technique. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Exam is limited secondary to poor inspiratory effort and patient body habitus. The lungs are grossly clear. There is no effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but likely accentuated due to a poor inspiratory effort and technique. No acute osseous abnormality. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11932181/s55935470/eab0888d-6b3b2814-4f0e59da-6f0c9408-d4cab1b0.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Basal lung scarring as on recent CT abdomen pelvis. Top-normal heart size. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Areas of basal scarring are unchanged from recent prior CT. Otherwise lungs are clear. The heart is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Stable left lung asymmetry in a patient who has had left upper\n lobectomy and thoracotomy. Improvement of left lung base opacity with\n improved lung ventilation. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest shows stable left lung asymmetry\n due to left upper lobectomy, the left lung base opacity is minimally improved\n since ___ due to increased lung ventilation. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The posterior left\n chest wall osteotomy is due to thoracotomy." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Basal lung scarring as on recent CT abdomen pelvis. Top-normal heart size. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Areas of basal scarring are unchanged from recent prior CT. Otherwise lungs are clear. The heart is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Bony structures are intact. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18482407/s59225584/ec4a1322-8a9bf09f-33fbd390-0a0943c8-11b3c889.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right\n upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18095293/s58140208/ee8009d0-8d39c5ea-7834a7a0-14647847-d9dd7ef1.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. No acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11717909/s52435223/efb1eddb-0ef61d1a-e71c7c6a-9885a19f-d756d9ca.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usual expected position. Stable\n cardiomegaly and improvement in pulmonary edema. Findings: Heart size is enlarged and stable. Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter\n is appropriately positioned. Pulmonary edema has improved. Small left pleural\n effusion is stable. Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is 1.2 cm from the apex of\n the aortic knob." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis. 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is unremarkable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p19/p19837705/s50705665/f0010041-d406dbbd-d9464b06-f9af94a5-748d7c5f.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable chest findings, no significant cardiac enlargement, no pulmonary congestion in this elderly male patient. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No typical configurational abnormality is seen. Again the thoracic aorta is moderately widened and elongated and calcium deposits are seen in the wall, but no local contour abnormalities can be identified. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. On previous examination, there is evidence of a previously performed cholecystectomy. Skeletal structures are characterized by a moderately accentuated kyphotic curvature in the thoracic spine but no evidence of local vertebral body compression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable position\n of left-sided pacer device. Findings: There is persistent severe enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Patient is status post median\n sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. Dual lead left-sided pacer device\n is stable in position. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Stable chest findings, no significant cardiac enlargement, no pulmonary congestion in this elderly male patient. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No typical configurational abnormality is seen. Again the thoracic aorta is moderately widened and elongated and calcium deposits are seen in the wall, but no local contour abnormalities can be identified. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. On previous examination, there is evidence of a previously performed cholecystectomy. Skeletal structures are characterized by a moderately accentuated kyphotic curvature in the thoracic spine but no evidence of local vertebral body compression. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18577540/s56782686/f0e340f0-d387cf51-931c26a5-2c512b2f-92ba4aba.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16643695/s50835299/f212b3f4-b1b8e805-038e1a42-b7593ac7-f038a750.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16143638/s57800025/f2d4b82f-bbc3f47a-ffa13252-797ba37a-e52591b3.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well expanded clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. Heart size is normal and mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous\n structures are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well expanded clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or consolidation. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11226572/s51860612/f2f96a77-ffa800e0-fe3c692c-487ed51b-87b84b10.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Focal opacity in the left lower lobe likely represents atelectasis or focal\n scarring. Findings: Focal opacity in the left lower lobe is not from nipple shadow and\n on retrospective review was imaged in the CT abdomen and pelvis on ___ and likely represents atelectasis or focal scarring. No new focal\n opacity, pneumothorax, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour and hila are normal. No bony abnormality." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11686207/s54673619/f33f365d-10d1ff5e-228007f3-863aa1cb-63c0c506.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Old stable, probably specific bilateral apical scar formations,\n moderate cardiac enlargement with mild degree of chronic CHF but no evidence\n of acute pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is moderate cardiac enlargement and the thoracic\n aorta is generally widened and elongated. Calcium deposits are seen in the\n wall, mostly at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates\n an upper zone redistribution pattern, but there is no sign of an advanced\n interstitial or alveolar edema. No evidence of acute infiltrates and the\n lateral pleural sinuses are free. In the apical area, thickened pleural\n structures are noted bilaterally and combined with old scar formations and\n irregular densities in the peripheral portions of the parenchyma in this\n territory. When comparison is made with the next previous examination of\n ___, these changes have not undergone any difference in\n appearance anf represent old inactive specific scars. Comparison\n demonstrates on the other hand that the cardiac size has increased mildly and\n so has the upper zone redistribution pattern. Acute infiltrates are not\n present." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary edema. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13853261/s50832976/f42d7dbd-d192327f-ba7c9e5c-8ef226b5-87f58720.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No bony abnormalities\n are detected." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16139394/s57198860/f42f943b-33ff540e-c7e2236b-8b3315e2-4f3ad1d9.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Lung volumes are slightly decreased when compared to prior examination. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Small bilateral effusions with adjacent small\n atelectasis Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Small bilateral effusions are\n associated with adjacent atelectasis left greater than right. There is no\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Lung volumes are slightly decreased when compared to prior examination. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15175883/s58119115/f56565b1-4dff7a18-f696ea91-96947d34-0faf11b6.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and bibasilar atelectasis are stable from ___. No evidence of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated with linear streaky opacities at the lung bases,\n likely representing atelectasis.Heart size is moderately enlarged but stable.\n Aortic and tricuspid valve prostheses are in unchanged location. Moderate\n calcification of the aortic knob is again noted. No focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Median sternal wires are intact." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15911529/s55296778/f58ceea9-b65ddd7a-210c3c5d-64f6f523-e898d9d7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms, consistent with emphysema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged, with stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax or focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Multilevel degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is again mild-to-moderately enlarged. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged, again noting calcifications along the\n aortic arch. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild rightward convex curvature is centered along the mid\n thoracic spine with mild degenerative anterior osteophyte formation." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms, consistent with emphysema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged, with stable mild cardiomegaly. There is no evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax or focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Multilevel degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p15/p15787214/s55339794/f6088e83-babff51c-fe95c613-7b94b470-3aea3440.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval with small layering bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. The mediastinal contour is similar. There is mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval. Hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely reflect small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Diffuse opacities in the right lung concerning for multifocal pneumonia. \n Recommend followup radiograph after treatment to ensure resolution. Probable\n small pleural effusions. Findings: Frontal portable radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is diffuse\n opacity in the right lung more prominently in the right lower and mid lung. \n Compared to the prior study, opacities in the right lower lung appear similar;\n however, there may be slight increased opacity in the right mid lung. There\n is mild left base atelectasis. There are probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. A left internal jugular approach central venous catheter ends in\n the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture identified." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval with small layering bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. The mediastinal contour is similar. There is mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval. Hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely reflect small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17614057/s53572658/f762bf98-b2141d3c-a5c0a0b1-4fb662f7-fce29b8d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p11/p11888614/s50561566/f877eb30-e2155ec8-a0bdcfb3-494d60b8-a0e7c7b7.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No significant interval change in bilateral predominantly perihilar\n ill-defined airspace opacities which may reflect a multifocal infectious\n process, but is nonspecific. Findings: There has been little interval change from the prior exam. The heart size is\n normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal without evidence of pulmonary edema. Again\n noted are bilateral ill-defined hazy airspace opacities predominantly within a\n perihilar distribution, not significantly changed in extent compared to the\n recent chest radiograph and chest CT. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray shows no acute cardiopulmonary pathology. This means that there are no visible signs of immediate or severe issues affecting the heart and lungs in the image." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p17/p17093296/s55434052/fb12f610-81c4f11d-89fa082e-653ba4ff-ae31e112.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval removal of endotracheal tube and nasogastric tube as well chest\n tubes. Right IJ catheter persists at the cavoatrial junction. No visualized\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lungs are clear." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax. 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. The right jugular line ends in upper atrium. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p13/p13034473/s55433920/fb8c984b-8ddd4a3c-e0373e0c-8ed815d8-d180c599.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: Findings suggest pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is retrocardiac opacity, probably referring to opacity\n in the left lower lobe, although best seen on the PA view, suggesting\n pneumonia. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall, grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p16/p16030469/s55136339/fd4d1714-ea5c562c-917ab796-b83f8aa8-6b82f80e.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. Radiopaque density overlying the left heart border is external to the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a dual-lumen right chest\n wall dialysis line, terminating in the right atrium. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal and the lungs fairly well-aerated, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No pleural abnormality is seen. Radiopaque density overlying the left heart border is external to the chest wall. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p18/p18711952/s50263751/fd887488-95c00556-1dbb3798-7a3c05a2-0c60eacc.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "impression: No acute findings. Stable retrocardiac opacity compatible with scarring in the\n left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Chronic scarring in the left\n lower lobe accounts for retrocardiac opacity. No new consolidation is seen. No\n evidence of edema, large effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm" } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities seen. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "", "image": "p14/p14798972/s54849350/feeb7dc4-beddb481-54e49f5e-f8d3d074-dde2412d.jpg", "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The NG tube is in the stomach. Tracheostomy tube is unchanged. There are some increased lung markings at the right base and an early infiltrate in this region cannot be excluded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nasogastric tube has been repositioned or replaced, with tip now\n terminating at approximately the T10 vertebral body level, with the side port\n at approximately the T7 level with an intrathoracic neoesophagus in this\n patient status post esophagectomy. Subcutaneous emphysema in right chest wall\n has slightly improved. Lung volumes are slightly increased compared to the\n prior study with associated improved aeration at lung bases. Otherwise, no\n relevant change." } ], "rejected_conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\nYou are a professional radiologist. You are provided with an X-ray image and 1 reference report(s): No.1: The NG tube is in the stomach. Tracheostomy tube is unchanged. There are some increased lung markings at the right base and an early infiltrate in this region cannot be excluded. \nPlease generate a report based on the image. It should be noted that the diagnostic information in the reference reports cannot be directly used as the basis for diagnosis, but should only be used for reference and comparison. Please only include the content of the report in your response." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The chest X-ray appears to be normal, with no significant abnormalities detected." } ], "rejected_noised": 0, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/alignment/radiology/radiology_vqa.json ================================================ [File too large to display: 11.4 MB] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/ophthalmology/harvard_train_7000.json ================================================ [File too large to display: 11.9 MB] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/ophthalmology/harvard_val_1000.json ================================================ [ { "id": "data_07001", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07001.jpg", "filename": "data_07001.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate stage normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Medications previously found ineffective are brimonidine, azopt, rhopressa. Other issue includes thyroid eye disease. No surgery history.", "age": 69.3, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: normal-tension glaucoma, moderate stage os. glaucoma suspect od. target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 16.3 (DATE_TIME) / 16 ( ) central corneal thickness: 509 / 494 gonioscopy: open ou refractive error: PERSON. -1.75. 180 / os +0.75. -2.25. 005 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: cdr 0.3 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: cdr 0.7 visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior and inferior paracentral defects medication history and intolerances at first visit: brimonidine, azopt, rhopressa -- ineffective per patient. glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: thyroid eye disease off methimazole, last seen by dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME family history: father, lost vision steroids: occasional steroid cream trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: htn, hld, thyroid disease, bph sh: retired cardiologist and pcp, trained at LOCATION and tufts. plan: va stable at 20/20 and 20/25 DATE_TIME, central corneal thickness 500 both eyes intraocular pressure below target DATE_TIME splinter superior left eye previously optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field stable both eyes continue simbrinza bid os continue latanopost once DATE_TIME ou continue restasis bid ou return to clinic DATE_TIME for optical coherence tomography both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate stage normal-tension glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Medications previously found ineffective are brimonidine, azopt, rhopressa. Other issue includes thyroid eye disease. No surgery history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07002", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07002.jpg", "filename": "data_07002.npz", "report": "67-year-old male with medical history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. No signs of diabetic retinopathy. Suspected glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance and borderline eye pressure. Has nuclear senile cataract and dry eye syndrome.", "age": 67.26, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "67 y.o. male with h/o hyperlipidemia, hypertension, bph on flomax, osa, h/o thyroid nodules, niddm diagnosed in DATE_TIME eye exam ever in DATE_TIME (when noted a flash od) - diabetes mellitus diagnosed in DATE_TIME, now on metformin no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.3 4.3 - 6.4 % final >> blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance and borderline iop ou fam hx: none tmax: 22/22 cct: 580/578 gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb 360, 1+ pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou full DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl and stable disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> iop borderline but slightly thicker cct and stable testing. will continue to monitor off eyedrops - nuclear senile cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living - posterior vitreous detachment ou, longstanding no retinal tears/holes/detachment on dilated exam >> retinal detachment precautions discussed previously - meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou >> treatment with warm compresses, artificial tears discussed in past - refractive error >> defers new glasses prescription DATE_TIME f/up DATE_TIME with bat, iop (applanation and tonopen), hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn unable to see me in PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "67-year-old male with medical history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. No signs of diabetic retinopathy. Suspected glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance and borderline eye pressure. Has nuclear senile cataract and dry eye syndrome.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07003", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07003.jpg", "filename": "data_07003.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma. Risks include family history of glaucoma or blindness, longterm steroids use, and eye trauma. Has history of asthma, bradycardia, renal dysfunction, and sulfa allergy. No glaucoma procedures.", "age": 70.37, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME # open angle glaucoma {blank single:19197::'mild','moderate','severe','high risk','low risk','occludable','non-occludable'} od, {blank single:19197::'mild','moderate','severe','high risk','low risk','occludable','non-occludable'} os risk factors: {positive and negative:22522} family history of glaucoma or blindness, {positive and negative:22522} history of longterm steroids, {positive and negative:22522} history of eye trauma central corneal thickness: / (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: tmax: ( ) / ( ) target iop: / refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: none known other eye procedures/lasers: none known glaucoma medication issues: {positive and negative:22522} history of asthma {positive and negative:22522} history of bradycardia negative sulfa allergy positive history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: # # plan DATE_TIME: iop not recorded , {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} od, {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} PERSON is new to me, here for glaucoma eval. (oct rnfl, cct, gonio, and hvf 24-2) last dilated exam: none DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME*** last visual field: DATE_TIME*** baseline disc photos: none return to glaucoma clinic *** i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for dr. PERSON for patient PERSON white on DATE_TIME. -", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle glaucoma. Risks include family history of glaucoma or blindness, longterm steroids use, and eye trauma. Has history of asthma, bradycardia, renal dysfunction, and sulfa allergy. No glaucoma procedures.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07004", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07004.jpg", "filename": "data_07004.npz", "report": "63-year-old black, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Inferior/temporal noted, posterior capsule intact. Used Creole interpreter.", "age": 63.26, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. inferior/temporal noted, posterior capsule intact PERSON, LOCATION with NRP creole phone interpreter #190136", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old black, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Inferior/temporal noted, posterior capsule intact. Used Creole interpreter.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07005", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07005.jpg", "filename": "data_07005.npz", "report": "The patient's OD IOP is above goal, showing a possibly worsening superior arcuate defect. Inferior thinning on OD remains stable. Latanoprost treatment to continue.", "age": 54.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "Assessment & Plan IOP above goal OD -HVF 24-2 DATE_TIME shows ?worsening superior arcuate defect OD, stable and full OS compared to DATE_TIME -RNFL OCT shows stable inferior thinning OD, wnl OS DATE_TIME \u00ff Plan: Continue latanoprost OU QHS? \u00ff RTC 3 months IOP check and if IOP still above goal OS, to consider ading another drop or repeat SLT OD Relevant Medications latanoprost (XALATAN) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution Other Relevant Orders Humphrey Visual Field - OU - Both Eyes (Completed) OCT, Optic Nerve - OU - Both Eyes - Cirrus; Optic Disc; RNFL (Completed) Other Visit Diagnoses Routine general medical examination at a health care facility PERSON, MD DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's OD IOP is above goal, showing a possibly worsening superior arcuate defect. Inferior thinning on OD remains stable. Latanoprost treatment to continue.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07006", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07006.jpg", "filename": "data_07006.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions potential threats to vision or neurological function but does not specifically indicate the presence of glaucoma. The note includes reviews of tests, outside documents, and a risk assessment revealing high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery.", "age": 52.44, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions potential threats to vision or neurological function but does not specifically indicate the presence of glaucoma. The note includes reviews of tests, outside documents, and a risk assessment revealing high to moderate risk of morbidity related to therapy and surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07007", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07007.jpg", "filename": "data_07007.npz", "report": "The patient, aged 82, has various eye issues: suspected glaucoma with increased cup/disc ratio, age-related macular degeneration showing progression, history of hydroxychloroquine use, non-significant cataracts and epiretinal membranes, and mild dry eye syndrome. Also, there exists refractive error successfully managed with current aids.", "age": 82.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "refraction wearing rx sphere right LOCATION left LOCATION type: otc reading manifest refraction sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right NRP -PHONE_NUMBER +2 +2.75 j1+ -1 left NRP -0.50 100 20/30 +2.75 j1+ -2 assessment and plan 82 PERSON, afib on warfarin, scc \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: father [ cct: 466,479 [ DATE_TIME: od: borderline superior thinning (present in DATE_TIME), os: full [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression ou with rim artifact os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # early to intermediate age-related macular degeneration, both eyes, with some progression since last visit. PERSON: mother # previous hydroxychloroquine use, stopped DATE_TIME after DATE_TIME due to pt concern about baseline macular changes. - discussed not smoking, NRP supplements, amsler grid, uv protection \u00ff # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff # epiretinal membrane, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor \u00ff # dry eye syndrome, mild. - artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). \u00ff # refractive error, doing well with uncorrected distance vision and current over-the-counter reading glasses. \u00ff rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, aged 82, has various eye issues: suspected glaucoma with increased cup/disc ratio, age-related macular degeneration showing progression, history of hydroxychloroquine use, non-significant cataracts and epiretinal membranes, and mild dry eye syndrome. Also, there exists refractive error successfully managed with current aids.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07008", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07008.jpg", "filename": "data_07008.npz", "report": "The patient has thalassemia and is being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes with a goal to maintain it under 10 mmHg. The patient is using Vyzulta medication. The physician has also considered using phaco/XEN gel stent in the future for additional IOP control.", "age": 63.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "thalassemia. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 10 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 10 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on PERSON. -continue vyzulta qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -mrx given to patient at her request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. we may have to consider phaco/xen gel stent os to improve vision os in the future and also help with iop control (although decent response to vyzulta).", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has thalassemia and is being treated for intraocular pressure in both eyes with a goal to maintain it under 10 mmHg. The patient is using Vyzulta medication. The physician has also considered using phaco/XEN gel stent in the future for additional IOP control.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07009", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07009.jpg", "filename": "data_07009.npz", "report": "59-year-old female presents with new headaches and dizziness. Stable vision but nonspecific defects on HVF. Plan formed for MRI. Patient has pseudophakia, mild posterior capsular opacification, dry eye syndrome, history of myopic retinoschisis, and myopic degeneration. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 59.98, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "59 y.o. female healthy - new-onset bitemporal headaches with dizziness denies scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, other symptoms of gca exam shows generally stable va but with PERSON and nonspecific defects on hvf >> plan for mri with and without PERSON given above symptoms and findings - pseudophakia ou (od aim distance DATE_TIME, os aim distance DATE_TIME) mild posterior capsular opacification ou unlikely visually significant >> observe - mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome ou low schirmers, rapid tear breakup time in past >> cont warm compresses, fish or flaxseed oil supplements, artificial tears again - h/o myopic retinoschisis os s/p ppv/ilm peel/sf6 by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME for impending hole last seen by dr. yonekawa DATE_TIME with stable exam >> followed up in DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON as scheduled ???? - myopic degeneration ou (pre-op od -10.25, os -11.75) >> retinal detachment precautions discussed pt's phone: PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "59-year-old female presents with new headaches and dizziness. Stable vision but nonspecific defects on HVF. Plan formed for MRI. Patient has pseudophakia, mild posterior capsular opacification, dry eye syndrome, history of myopic retinoschisis, and myopic degeneration. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07010", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07010.jpg", "filename": "data_07010.npz", "report": "35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female does not have glaucoma.", "age": 35.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "35 y.o. white, non-hispanic female does not have glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07011", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07011.jpg", "filename": "data_07011.npz", "report": "The patient exhibits cupless nerves in both eyes with a possible past disc swelling, suggesting pseudopapilledema. An MRI is recommended to rule out brain masses or lesions causing increased intracranial pressure. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 26.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "full and anterior exam is normal. her posterior exam is notable for cupless nerves in both eyes and in the right eye a possible LOCATION mark indicating that she might have had disc swelling in the past. her visual field is full and her oct rnfl/gcc is at the upper limits of normal in terms of PERSON. this could indicate minimal swelling versus a normal variant. pictures taken DATE_TIME appear very similar to those taken DATE_TIME at a comprehensive ophthalmology visit. there appeared to be a high water mark od then. she had an ultrasound at that time that demonstrated no optic disc drusen. she may have pseudopapilledema, but the appearance of the optic nerves could suggest swelling in the past, of which an etiology is not clear given that it would have been unrelated to accutane use since the fundus photos from DATE_TIME were abnormal. therefore, we recommended an mri brain to rule out an masses or lesions that could result in increased intracranial pressure. if this imaging is reassuring, which i suspect it will be, then the optic nerve appearance will likely be related to pseudopapilledema. ? recommendations: 1. mri brain with and without contrast 2. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology pending the results of the mri brain. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? (this note was prepared by drs. gise , fellow, and PERSON, who performed at least the critical elements of the history and physical examination, and he also discussed his findings, conclusions and management strategy with the patient. any part of this letter that was prepared by the resident or fellow was reviewed and modified as necessary by dr. PERSON to complete the finalized summary.) ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient exhibits cupless nerves in both eyes with a possible past disc swelling, suggesting pseudopapilledema. An MRI is recommended to rule out brain masses or lesions causing increased intracranial pressure. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07012", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07012.jpg", "filename": "data_07012.npz", "report": "Patient had an episode of ocular hypertension, likely due to herpetic NRP os or Posner-Schlossman. Initial inflammation was minimal, with a significant iop spike, but symptoms self-resolved without medication. There's sectoral iris atrophy and old stellate kp os, concerning for herpetic eye disease. OCT likely normal; no definite glaucoma noted. Recommended further evaluation by uveitis team. Recently had stroke, causing difficulty with reading, will refer to lvs.", "age": 67.65, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# episode of ocular hypertension -- most likely herpetic NRP os vs posner scholossman - first episode noted DATE_TIME with tmax 40 - patient's initially described inflammation was quite minimal with a very significant iop spike; patient's symptoms seemed to self-resolve briskly as well without anti-virals and without prednisolone (patient self-dced). supportive of posner-schlossman # physiologic anisocoria (os>od): - monitor plan - iop acceptable -- has stopped brimonidine - can stay off for now - there are old stellate kp os as well as sectoral iris atrophy concerning for herpetic eye disease -- recommend eval by uveitis team for their input on management - oct likely nml, no definite glaucoma - vf with r homonymous hemianopia-- recent stroke ; will refer to lvs as having difficulty with reading. 6 PERSON check return precautions", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had an episode of ocular hypertension, likely due to herpetic NRP os or Posner-Schlossman. Initial inflammation was minimal, with a significant iop spike, but symptoms self-resolved without medication. There's sectoral iris atrophy and old stellate kp os, concerning for herpetic eye disease. OCT likely normal; no definite glaucoma noted. Recommended further evaluation by uveitis team. Recently had stroke, causing difficulty with reading, will refer to lvs.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07013", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07013.jpg", "filename": "data_07013.npz", "report": "83 y.o. male with mild dry age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane in left eye, posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes, moderate combined cataract, mild primary open-angle glaucoma in left eye, diplopia, tearing due to lower lid ectropion, refractive error, and diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy. No evidence of glaucoma.", "age": 83.84, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "83 y.o. male 1. dry age-related macular degeneration ou: mild - diagnosed by dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME - no family hx of amd; he quit smoking x DATE_TIME - increased in drusen DATE_TIME DATE_TIME - continue amsler grid/healthy diet/sunglasses 2. epiretinal membrane os - evolution since DATE_TIME on oct with steeper foveal contour, not visually significant, f/u retina as scheduled 3. posterior vitreous detachment ou - history of trauma os secondary to hand slap in DATE_TIME: 'partial retinal tear would heal itself' - retina attached DATE_TIME precautions \u00ff 4. moderate combined cataract ou,becoming visually significant. vision improves significantly with mrx DATE_TIME. mrx given for new glasses. observe \u00ff 5. poag mild os tmax 16,24 (DATE_TIME) - had superior disc heme DATE_TIME with normal hvf DATE_TIME - previously treated with latanoprost ou by dr. hoguet then lost to follow-up and patient self-discontinued medication iop was well controlled off medication until DATE_TIME hvf full ou oct wnl ou iop controlled od, uncontrolled os discussed risk of permanent vision loss if iop remains elevated. discussed options to lower iop os - slt vs medication pt wants to proceed with slt os r/b/a discussed \u00ff 6. diplopia - good management with prism os prescribed by PERSON, keep same prism for now \u00ff 7. h/o tearing ll ectropion ou, s/p punctoplasty os \u00ff 8. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. keep same prism 9. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged. slt os within DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "83 y.o. male with mild dry age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane in left eye, posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes, moderate combined cataract, mild primary open-angle glaucoma in left eye, diplopia, tearing due to lower lid ectropion, refractive error, and diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy. No evidence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07014", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07014.jpg", "filename": "data_07014.npz", "report": "Patient has angle recession in left eye and history of trauma, but no glaucoma. Both eyes have normal and stable optic nerve and visual fields. Follow up planned for optical coherence tomography and visual field test.", "age": 20.88, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: angle recession left eye hyphema, no intraocular pressure elevation, was DATE_TIME at the time last seen by glaucoma in DATE_TIME target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: / corneal hysteresis: 9.8 / 9.8* gonioscopy: recession 360 but particularly temporally os refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: c/d 0.3 2016 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: c/d 0.3 2016 visual fields on initial visit right eye:full DATE_TIME visual fields on initial visit left eye: full DATE_TIME medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: no trauma: left eye in DATE_TIME with hyphema and angle recession asthma: no other medical history and problems: initial note: history of angle recession buckle of backpack hit her eye in DATE_TIME and hyphema and angle recession left eye. nerves are healthy, borderline visual field superiorly left eye plan: - optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field normal and stable return to clinic in DATE_TIME for optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has angle recession in left eye and history of trauma, but no glaucoma. Both eyes have normal and stable optic nerve and visual fields. Follow up planned for optical coherence tomography and visual field test.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07015", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07015.jpg", "filename": "data_07015.npz", "report": "Patient is on multiple medications including Metformin, Maxitrol ointment for both eyes, Omeprazole, Sertraline, Topiramate. Conditions include depressive disorder, asthma, seizure, tinnitus, anxiety, GERD, uterine bleeding, menopause. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 54.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "]DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. metformin (glucophage) 500 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process neomycin-polymyxin b-dexamethasone (maxitrol) 3.5 mg/g-10,000 unit/g-0.1 % oint (taking) dose: 1 application; form: not available; route: both eyes; frequency: bid; directions: both eyelids bid for DATE_TIME then stop; details: duration: 14 day(s); dispense: 1 tube(s); date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. omeprazole (prilosec) 20 mg capsule (taking) take 1 capsule by mouth DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME metal med transfer process sertraline hcl (zoloft oral) (taking) dose: 150mg; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: 150mg qd po; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. topiramate (topamax) 50 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON sawant DATE_TIME metal med transfer process your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME depressive disorder ex-smoker asthma seizure disorder tinnitus anxiety gastroesophageal reflux disease dysfunctional uterine bleeding menopause present results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on multiple medications including Metformin, Maxitrol ointment for both eyes, Omeprazole, Sertraline, Topiramate. Conditions include depressive disorder, asthma, seizure, tinnitus, anxiety, GERD, uterine bleeding, menopause. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07016", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07016.jpg", "filename": "data_07016.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma, wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, and visually significant cataracts in both eyes. The patient is experiencing long-standing vision loss, potentially from macular degeneration or a dense cataract. They have elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes.", "age": 88.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# open angle glaucoma first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME fhx:no/ steroids: no/ trauma: no prior surgery: no med intolerance: doesn't remember names refractive error: od . . / os . . PERSON: 548 / 532 ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) gonioscopy: optic nerve: rnfl oct with thinning PERSON: last visual field od scattered def, diffuse loss os (poor va) # wet age-related macular degeneration both eyes - dr young # cataract both eyes - likely visually signfiicant - monitor - can consider ce when stabilized from retina perspective plan: lost to glaucoma f/u for DATE_TIME vision loss os long standing likely from age-related macular degeneration / disciform scar but also very dense cataract -- unclear to me that removing this would help her see better but may allow more light will check with PERSON ltn -- DATE_TIME both eyes intraocular pressure a little high rtc 3-4 mths intraocular pressure check, needs iol calcs and a & b scan if desires ce", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle glaucoma, wet age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, and visually significant cataracts in both eyes. The patient is experiencing long-standing vision loss, potentially from macular degeneration or a dense cataract. They have elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07017", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07017.jpg", "filename": "data_07017.npz", "report": "51-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma, based on observed cupping and history of elevated intraocular pressure. No change in optic nerve appearance. No family history.", "age": 51.89, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "51 y.o. in good general health here for glaucoma suspect eval. last visit DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON glaucoma suspect based on cupping, hx of elevated iop - tcurrent: 10/10 - tmax: unknown - gonioscopy: open (per last note DATE_TIME) - central corneal thickness: DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME od wnl os wnl -- stable compared to DATE_TIME - hvf: DATE_TIME full ou - family history: none - race: aa - optic nerve photos done DATE_TIME, no change in appearance >? low risk refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "51-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma, based on observed cupping and history of elevated intraocular pressure. No change in optic nerve appearance. No family history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07018", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07018.jpg", "filename": "data_07018.npz", "report": "Patient may have optic perineuritis or optic nerve sheath meningioma. Labs have been set for common causes of optic perineuritis. MRI revealed incidental empty sella. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 45.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "presentation would also be atypical for optic perineuritis as there is no pain with eye movements. per the patient it has also not progressed. i think that the most prudent course of action would be to send some labs for common causes of optic perineuritis - sarcoidoisis, lyme, syphilis and anca. i think that these labs will likely be negative. i will plan to observe her closely and see her in DATE_TIME for repeat visual fields. as an aside, an incidental finding on her mri was an an empty sella which can be normal in up to 20% of people. she mentioned to me that she has heavy periods and uterine fibroids and i suggested that she mention this finding to her obgyn. impression: 1. optic nerve sheath meningioma vs optic perineuritis 2. empty sella, with history 3. resolved viral conjunctivitis plan: 1. mri brain and orbits with contrast 2. lyme, LOCATION, fta-abs, rpr, ace and PERSON serologies 3. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient may have optic perineuritis or optic nerve sheath meningioma. Labs have been set for common causes of optic perineuritis. MRI revealed incidental empty sella. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07019", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07019.jpg", "filename": "data_07019.npz", "report": "The patient is a 65 year old pharmacy technician with a history of several conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. The notes suggest dry eye syndrome and the presence of cataracts in both eyes. The patient has shown a c/d asymmetry which may suggest glaucoma. A close monitoring is required.", "age": 65.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 yo pharmacy technician with history of htn, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, anemia, gerd, osteoporosis, facial migraines (topamax in past, now verapamil), b12 deficiency \u00ff 1. c/d asymmetry os>od in settting of larger onh os tmax 17 ou. cct 562/576 (ave). PERSON (uncle, cousin) tmax 23/24 (post-dilation, on topamax) in 5/05 gonio DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: cbb/ss 360' ou (off topamax) hvf DATE_TIME: od full, high fixation losses. os full. hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou 4th hvf DATE_TIME: full ou 3rd hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os non-specific losses oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou 1st oct DATE_TIME: od borderline temporal thinning. PERSON -follow. \u00ff 2. mgd ou with dry eye syndrome -using systane at work, feels she needs to blink to clear her vision >> plugs placed DATE_TIME >> fell out, placed 0.7 ou 5/15 as she felt much better when they were in place >> DATE_TIME: lll has fallen out, sx with os pains recently and spk. rll intact. replaced plug in lll DATE_TIME 0.8 mm (ref 6614, lot ls0616e, DATE_TIME) >> DATE_TIME: punctal plugs in place ou, spk os > od >> continue restasis ou bid, systane (incr, using only prn fbs now) genteal ung prn qhs (bad fbs) she is fearful of abx (many allergies) so would prefer to avoid doxy \u00ff 3. retinal tufts ou - evaluated by dr. PERSONME, no break, no need for laser prophylaxis >> observe \u00ff 4. cataract ou >> requested updated mrx DATE_TIME to aid reading (no change from mrx od, will not cut +) patanol bid only for itching with sac (pataol stings terribly), hold off if otherwise asx \u00ff PERSON, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 65 year old pharmacy technician with a history of several conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. The notes suggest dry eye syndrome and the presence of cataracts in both eyes. The patient has shown a c/d asymmetry which may suggest glaucoma. A close monitoring is required.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07020", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07020.jpg", "filename": "data_07020.npz", "report": "68-year-old Asian, non-Hispanic male, diagnosed with glaucoma. This note also provides instructions for creating, signing into, and the expiry of an unidentified user account.", "age": 68.99, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 68 y.o. asian, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old Asian, non-Hispanic male, diagnosed with glaucoma. This note also provides instructions for creating, signing into, and the expiry of an unidentified user account.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07021", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07021.jpg", "filename": "data_07021.npz", "report": "Patient has abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pigmentary glaucoma in both eyes.", "age": 77.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME, md, PERSONtitution glaucoma east bridgewater PHONE_NUMBER condition list as of DATE_TIME abdominal aortic aneurysm hypertensive disorder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pigmentary glaucoma of both eyes results", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pigmentary glaucoma in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07022", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07022.jpg", "filename": "data_07022.npz", "report": "65 y.o. male patient has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in right eye, mild in left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Target IOP: 15 / 18. Started Lumigan. Also has mild cataracts in both eyes.\n", "age": 65.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "left -1.50 +0.75 021 +2.00 age: 6m type: pal positive cylinder assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: 15 / 18, tmax: 34 / 30 central corneal thickness: 495 / 511 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: early inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: temporal DATE_TIME asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld assessment/plan: 65 y.o. male self-referred for second opinion # primary open angle glaucoma, moderate right eye, mild left eye - dr. PERSON started Lumigan DATE_TIME - iop too high od, acceptable os - continue Lumigan qhs OU - discussed that selective laser trabeculoplasty and/or additional drops would be reasonable, would recommend additional treatment od - continue excellent care with dr. PERSON or one of his glaucoma colleagues such as dr. PERSON or PERSON PERSON-LOCATION - happy to have patient return to see me again at any time as needed # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. male patient has primary open angle glaucoma - moderate in right eye, mild in left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Target IOP: 15 / 18. Started Lumigan. Also has mild cataracts in both eyes.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07023", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07023.jpg", "filename": "data_07023.npz", "report": "Patient has eye/vision issues, suspected narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. Initial IOP was 30 in both eyes. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field in both eyes, more in left. Started on latanoprost. No surgical complications.", "age": 55.93, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems narrow angle glaucoma suspect of both eyes overview primary angle closure with iop to 30 both eyes at presentation (DATE_TIME). target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: / refractive error: od . x / os . x optic nerve structure and function: abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field left eye > right eye (DATE_TIME). medications and intolerances: started on latanoprost in cos (DATE_TIME). procedures and complications: none relevant history and problems: current assessment & plan continue latanoprost ou qhs (just started). relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, gcc (completed)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has eye/vision issues, suspected narrow-angle glaucoma in both eyes. Initial IOP was 30 in both eyes. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field in both eyes, more in left. Started on latanoprost. No surgical complications.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07024", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07024.jpg", "filename": "data_07024.npz", "report": "The patient is a 25 y.o. female occupational therapist with severe juvenile open angle glaucoma in both eyes. She has had surgical treatment for glaucoma and presents diffuse thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes. Visual field shows central island in both eyes. Retinal edema is also reported in the left eye with no glaucoma medication intolerances. She's in generally good health.", "age": 25.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON at wills) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 42 / 48 central corneal thickness: 563 / 593 gonioscopy: d40f, tr ptm ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: diffuse thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: diffuse thinning visual fields, right eye: central island visual fields, left eye: central island family history: grandfather, great grandfather, great grandmother (but no joag) steroids: prednisolone os for cme trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 25 y.o. female occupational therapist # juvenile open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - od: s/p slt (DATE_TIME), trabeculectomy (DATE_TIME) - os: s/p slt (DATE_TIME), gatt (DATE_TIME), trabeculectomy (DATE_TIME), bleb needling (DATE_TIME), baerveldt 250 (DATE_TIME), exposed baerveldt revision with tutoplast sclera (DATE_TIME) - history of normal mri brain/orbits, previously saw dr. PERSON (wills neuro-ophthalmology) - vf stable, oct slightly worse but essentially at floor effect - iop acceptable ou after increasing simbrinza to tid os, continuing timolol bid os - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # intraretinal fluid, left eye - previously treating with prednisolone and prolensa, may have contributed to tube erosion, will avoid if possible - microcystic changes in the inner retinal layers, consistent with advanced glaucoma (rather than PERSON macular edema/inflammatory edema) - monitor for now - next appointment with PERSON aronow DATE_TIME PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 25 y.o. female occupational therapist with severe juvenile open angle glaucoma in both eyes. She has had surgical treatment for glaucoma and presents diffuse thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes. Visual field shows central island in both eyes. Retinal edema is also reported in the left eye with no glaucoma medication intolerances. She's in generally good health.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07025", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07025.jpg", "filename": "data_07025.npz", "report": "The patient has pseudophakia and takes prednisone after a heart transplant. Vision, cornea, and retina are normal, with an intraocular lens implant. There are nasal defects but stable. Glasses prescribed for refractive error. Dry eyes are treated as needed. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 63.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME heart transplant and numerous medications including prednisone, here for follow-up: \u00ff 1. pseudophakia ou, s/p yag cap od iol stable, visual axis clear \u00ff 2. suboptimal best corrected vision nerve and retina appear normal ou. intraocular lens implant clear cornea clear and normal ou hvf in the past showed nasal defects ou erg with PERSON was normal in the past vision stable oct macula DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: nasal defects ou, stable compared to DATE_TIME \u00ff 3. on prednisone after heart transplant takes 5PERSON. refractive error. a prescription for glasses was given to the patient. \u00ff 5. dry eyes use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye \u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has pseudophakia and takes prednisone after a heart transplant. Vision, cornea, and retina are normal, with an intraocular lens implant. There are nasal defects but stable. Glasses prescribed for refractive error. Dry eyes are treated as needed. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07026", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07026.jpg", "filename": "data_07026.npz", "report": "The patient has hypercholesterolemia and hypertensive disorder. They've been prescribed an oral dose of Simvastatin. Humphrey visual field and OCT tests have been conducted. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 64.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "oral) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: as directed; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME umesh patil DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. simvastatin oral dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME PERSONneeds PERSON. metal med transfer process. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME hypercholesterolemia hypertensive disorder results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has hypercholesterolemia and hypertensive disorder. They've been prescribed an oral dose of Simvastatin. Humphrey visual field and OCT tests have been conducted. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07027", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07027.jpg", "filename": "data_07027.npz", "report": "Patient takes dorzolamide 2x/day in both eyes, methazolamide 50 mg orally 2x/day, and netarsudil 1x/night in both eyes for glaucoma. Labs to monitor kidney function due to medication.", "age": 54.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency PERSON (purple) both eyes 2x/day dorzolamide (orange)& both eyes 2x/day methazolamide 50 mg# by mouth (pill) 2x/day netarsudil (white)4 both eyes 1x/night PERSON (teal)6 both eyes DATE_TIME some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSONp. #this medication is given by mouth to lower intraocular pressure. if acetazolamide (diamox) is prescribed, the dosing is 250 to 500 mg. if methazolamide (neptazane) is prescribed, the dosing is 25 to 50 mg. these medications don't work for everyone, and they are contraindicated when there is significant kidney disease or electrolyte imbalances. laboratories should be drawn by your primary care doctor during the first DATE_TIME to monitor for electrolyte and kidney changes. 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient takes dorzolamide 2x/day in both eyes, methazolamide 50 mg orally 2x/day, and netarsudil 1x/night in both eyes for glaucoma. Labs to monitor kidney function due to medication.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07028", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07028.jpg", "filename": "data_07028.npz", "report": "A 75-year-old white, non-hispanic female was diagnosed with glaucoma. The medical information is confirmed accurate.", "age": 75.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "A 75-year-old white, non-hispanic female was diagnosed with glaucoma. The medical information is confirmed accurate.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07029", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07029.jpg", "filename": "data_07029.npz", "report": "The patient has blepharitis/meg and dry eye, with an allergy to doxycycline. They display mild cupping (a possible sign of glaucoma) in the left eye, however, intraocular pressure is low, rims are healthy and RNFL shows no thinning.", "age": 55.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: tr ns refr error blepharitis/mgd/dry eye - allergy to doxycycline mild cupping os>od, low iop, cct normal, healthy rims, hvf ou full, rnfl baseline with no focal thinning \u00ff plan: rx=m req. rec avenova lid scrubs warm compr/art tears annual i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has blepharitis/meg and dry eye, with an allergy to doxycycline. They display mild cupping (a possible sign of glaucoma) in the left eye, however, intraocular pressure is low, rims are healthy and RNFL shows no thinning.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07030", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07030.jpg", "filename": "data_07030.npz", "report": "55-year-old male with history of hypertension, has angle recession in right eye with deeper angles and higher but still normal intraocular pressure, at risk for glaucoma. Past trauma and ocular hypertension have resolved.", "age": 55.61, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 m hx htn # angle recession, right eye, with asymmetric iops [ gonio DATE_TIME: significantly deeper (esp temporally) od than os [ oct DATE_TIME: borderline inf thinning od, full os [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - discussed angle recession with higher (but normal) iop in the right eye. discussed risk of glaucoma though no optic neuropathy at this time. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # s/p blunt trauma, right eye. hit by metal bar from snow blower (DATE_TIME) # hx microhyphema with ocular hypertension, right eye (tmax DATE_TIME), since resolved # hx commotio retinae, right eye, since resolved # hx brow laceration, right eye, since healed - safety glasses # anterior subcapsular cataract, right eye, not visually significant. - monitor # traumatic mydriasis, right eye. has some glare but not very symptomatic. - sunglasses. discussed potential option of contact lens. rtc DATE_TIME for dilation and iop check with oct, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old male with history of hypertension, has angle recession in right eye with deeper angles and higher but still normal intraocular pressure, at risk for glaucoma. Past trauma and ocular hypertension have resolved.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07031", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07031.jpg", "filename": "data_07031.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female is suspected of glaucoma due to c:d asymmetry od>os. She has a history of episcleritis, mgd, staph marginal keratitis, lid laxity, and partial nldo os. Also a mild non-visually significant cataract present.", "age": 65.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "65 y.o. female 1. glaucoma suspect b/o c:d asymmetry od>os, last tested in DATE_TIME: hvf full ou oct wnl ou and stable ou cct average dp stable iop controlled ou observe DATE_TIME episcleritis os, quiet ou today 3. mgd, as per dr. PERSON DATE_TIME/o staph marginal keratitis, quiet DATE_TIME. 5. lid laxity, seen by dr. PERSON, who felt pt did not have floppy eyelid syn at and tear gel qhs prn irritation 6. mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. DATE_TIME/o partial nldo os 8. re - mrx given, consider distance glasses for DATE_TIME driving 9. pvd ou no tears/rd rd warnings DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, dilate (testing is now qoyear)", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female is suspected of glaucoma due to c:d asymmetry od>os. She has a history of episcleritis, mgd, staph marginal keratitis, lid laxity, and partial nldo os. Also a mild non-visually significant cataract present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07032", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07032.jpg", "filename": "data_07032.npz", "report": "Patient continues latanoprost for right eye at night time and reduced use of dorzolamide and brimonidine. Follow-up with glaucoma service in 1-2 weeks. Monitor for vision changes or eye pain.", "age": 72.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME (please place referral) -\u00ffcontinue\u00fflatanoprost drops to right eye qhs -\u00ffdecrease\u00ffdorzolamide drops to right eye\u00ffbid -\u00ffdecrease\u00ffbrimonidine drops to\u00ffright eye bid - follow up with\u00ffmee\u00ffglaucoma service within 1-2\u00ffweeks (referral placed). likely oct rnfl, hvf 24-2 at that time -please page ophtho for acute changes in vision or new eye pain", "gpt4_summary": "Patient continues latanoprost for right eye at night time and reduced use of dorzolamide and brimonidine. Follow-up with glaucoma service in 1-2 weeks. Monitor for vision changes or eye pain.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07033", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07033.jpg", "filename": "data_07033.npz", "report": "70 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance, opts out of medication. Family history of glaucoma, vision defects don't match. Noncompliant with Timolol due to possible dementia risk. Meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye syndrome.", "age": 70.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "70 y.o. male with h/o ?congenital heart disease, acid reflux previously followed by dr. PERSON has own website for artwork now has decided he does not want to take any meds; did not get flu shot - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou family history: ?father (va said macular degeneration and not glaucoma but patient thinks he didn't have peripheral vision - father also with alzheimers), +aunt, +cousin (formal diagnosis) tmax here: 18/18 gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb 360, 2+ pigmented tm cct: 548/540 oct DATE_TIME: od thin s, os borderline s/i DATE_TIME: od borderline s, os borderline s (stable from DATE_TIME) hvf DATE_TIME: ou superior defects but do not match DATE_TIME: ou full (with upper lids taped) DATE_TIME: ou full disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops for now as he wishes to avoid any and all medications (was noncompliant with timolol due to possible dementia risk). oct stable since DATE_TIME. alternate hvf and oct q2years given stable testing x DATE_TIME - nuclear senile cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living >> observe - meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou notes intermittent blurriness and pressure sensation >> treatment with warm compresses, artificial tears prn discussed >> conscious blinking/frequent breaks while using computer also discussed - upper lid dermatochalasis and brow ptosis ou had superior vf defects; noted vision improved when raised brow and manually elevated eyelid especially od >> previously discussed eye plastics referral. he would like to be referred for evaluation post-pandemic. will call for sooner referral if desires - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. also likes intermediate add for computer glasses f/up DATE_TIME with mrx bat, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn ok with PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "70 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance, opts out of medication. Family history of glaucoma, vision defects don't match. Noncompliant with Timolol due to possible dementia risk. Meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye syndrome.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07034", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07034.jpg", "filename": "data_07034.npz", "report": "The note talks about an upcoming appointment for the patient at a neuro-ophthalmology suite. It advises pupil dilation might occur and may affect driving ability. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 65.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON t freitas 114 eliot rd apt 4 revere ma 02151 dear ms. PERSON t freitas: we thank you for choosing Institution for your care and we look forward to welcoming you for your appointment on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON. our neuro-ophthalmology suite is located on the 9th floor of the Institution. we ask patients to allow DATE_TIME for a first appointment. if you have any questions or concerns, please contact our office at PHONE_NUMBER. please be aware that your pupils might need to be dilated for your exam. dilation of your pupils will produce blurred vision for at least 2-3 hours, and it will make your eyes sensitive to light. these effects can make it difficult, or unsafe, to drive a car. as such, it is advisable to attend your appointment with someone who can drive, or at least you should be prepared to remain in the area until you believe your vision has returned to normal. * reminder: if you have had a previous mri of your brain or orbits, please mail out your disc to neuro-ophthalmology service 9th floor, suite 930 243 charles street boston ma 02114. sincerely, naomi francisque administration assistant", "gpt4_summary": "The note talks about an upcoming appointment for the patient at a neuro-ophthalmology suite. It advises pupil dilation might occur and may affect driving ability. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07035", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07035.jpg", "filename": "data_07035.npz", "report": "69-year-old black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 69.01, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 69 y.o. black, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "69-year-old black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07036", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07036.jpg", "filename": "data_07036.npz", "report": "The patient's right-sided optic atrophy, likely due to a pituitary macroadenoma, has improved since resection and remained stable. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 48.36, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "field testing is improved, now showing only minimal changes temporally to fixation, stable. there is still a right relative afferent pupillary defect. the right optic disc is pale and has a larger cup. oct shows stability of the right-sided optic atrophy. trigeminal sensory function is normal. my overall impression remains that there is right-sided optic atrophy that is likely compressive from the pituitary macroadenoma; this has not progressed and has in fact improved since resection, based on visual fields. the combination of pallor and asymmetric cupping is characteristic of a compressive optic neuropathy (though not specific for it). i see no alternative cause of optic atrophy, including no history of ocular trauma. my plan is: - continued neuro-ophthalmic monitoring is appropriate; will do at least one more visit at DATE_TIME interval, after that may switch to DATE_TIME mri in DATE_TIME as per dr. PERSON i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's right-sided optic atrophy, likely due to a pituitary macroadenoma, has improved since resection and remained stable. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07037", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07037.jpg", "filename": "data_07037.npz", "report": "Patient on varying doses of prednisone, due for clinic in 1 month to discuss further taper. On vitamin D & atovaquone. Tocilizumab infusion referral due to vision risk. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 71.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "is: - prednisone * 1 gram iv methylprednisolone (DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME) * 60mg prednisone PERSON (DATE_TIME * 50mg prednisone PERSON (DATE_TIME) * 40mg prednisone po (DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME) * 30mg prednisone PERSON (DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME) * 20mg prednisone PERSON (DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME) - return to neuro-ophth clinic ~1 month - will address further taper at follow up - continue vitamin d supplement - continue atovaquone 1500mg DATE_TIME (pcp prophylaxis; patient is sulfa allergic) - we have not head back about tocilizumab sq; given the urgency, and high stakes in terms of her vision, i will enter a referral to the medical infusion center to start iv infusion i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution pt seen & discussed with neuro-ophthalmology fellow, dr. PERSON ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on varying doses of prednisone, due for clinic in 1 month to discuss further taper. On vitamin D & atovaquone. Tocilizumab infusion referral due to vision risk. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07038", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07038.jpg", "filename": "data_07038.npz", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with POAG and is using Latanoprost. Tests show normal OCT RNFL and GCL, full HVF. Prescribed new glasses for hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The patient has a nuclear sclerotic cataract; observation recommended.", "age": 59.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "poag diagnosed in DATE_TIME. PERSON (pgm, LOCATION, father). tmax 22/24. started DATE_TIME qhs. oct rnfl is normal ou, gcl is normal ou. hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou. does not need a yearly hvf 24-2, recommend DATE_TIME. continue taking latanoprost qhs ou. hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia new rx given to pt. bcva 20/20 ou. h/o exodeviation does notice diplopia when tired, closes os to fix. nuclear sclerotic cataract ou nvs. observation recommended. f/u in DATE_TIME for oct, ar/refract, dfe.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was diagnosed with POAG and is using Latanoprost. Tests show normal OCT RNFL and GCL, full HVF. Prescribed new glasses for hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The patient has a nuclear sclerotic cataract; observation recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07039", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07039.jpg", "filename": "data_07039.npz", "report": "Patient with stage IV NSCLC has vertical-oblique diplopia and questionable slight abduction deficit OD. Fundus exam shows cupped optic discs and suspected metastatic lesions. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "age": 51.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient with stage iv nslc presents with vertical-oblique diplopia the neuro-ophthalmic exam is notable for the following: afferent visual function is good. efferent visual function demonstrates probably full eye movements apart from a questionable slight abduction deficit od. there is a right hypertropia that is worst at near and particular at gaze to the right at near (though on single maddox rod, she complained of worst diplopia on looking down and to the left). there is 5 degrees of excyclotorsion od. humphrey visual field perimetry was performed with borderline reliability and shows no specific deficits. the dilated fundus exam shows cupped optic discs and multiple choroidal and superficial lesions that most likely represent metastases. given that the patient has not had an ophthalmic exam since she was diagnosed and treated, it is not clear whether these lesions are stable or could be enlarging. overall, the vertical deviation does not clearly fit a 4th nerve pattern and likely represents a skew deviation. i will try to relieve the diplopia by occluding the left lens. glasses prescription vert prism right left bangeter foil lp impression: 1. PERSON likely due to skew deviation 2. multiple retinal and choroidal lesions, likely metastases. recommendations: 1. oct and fundus photos DATE_TIME. for diplopia, will occlude left lens with bangetor foil 3. neuro-ophthalmology follow-up in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON, md)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with stage IV NSCLC has vertical-oblique diplopia and questionable slight abduction deficit OD. Fundus exam shows cupped optic discs and suspected metastatic lesions. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07040", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07040.jpg", "filename": "data_07040.npz", "report": "Patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in left eye and mild in right eye, with no glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine. Also has cataracts and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma family history, no steroid or trauma events.", "age": 72.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 16 / 16 central corneal thickness: 510 / 524 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior > inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate and superior paracentral family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, hld assessment/plan: 72 y.o. female # normal tension glaucoma, severe left eye, mild right eye - started latanoprost qhs ou DATE_TIME, added brimonidine bid os DATE_TIME - iop acceptable od, borderline os - oct ou and PERSON stable, vf os may be worse - continue latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, refract, 10-2 vf os # cataract, both eyes - approaching visual significance, monitor - significant change in acuity, may be myopic shift, will refract next visit # dry eye syndrome/meibomian gland disease, both eyes - warm compresses, artificial tears as needed PERSON, LOCATION mba ____________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in left eye and mild in right eye, with no glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine. Also has cataracts and dry eye syndrome. No glaucoma family history, no steroid or trauma events.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07041", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07041.jpg", "filename": "data_07041.npz", "report": "Patient has been prescribed 1 drop into each eye daily. Optic nerve and optic disc photos for both eyes were taken. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 33.44, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "(taking) place 1 drop into each eye daily. your orders future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus DATE_TIME DATE_TIME optic disc photos - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME DATE_TIME results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has been prescribed 1 drop into each eye daily. Optic nerve and optic disc photos for both eyes were taken. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07042", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07042.jpg", "filename": "data_07042.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma-related issues worsening vision HVF OD. Intolerant to eye drops, had high IOP OD, and myopic shift in cataract OD. Underwent phaco/xen gel stent OD. Suffered from visually-significant PCO OD, needing more light to read, and underwent YAG capsulotomy OD. Might need surgery for elevated IOP OS.", "age": 77.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma related). -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given worsening of hvf od, intolerance to almost all eye drops, monocular status, myopic shift in cataract od, iop above goal od, we proceeded phaco/xen gel stent od on DATE_TIME. -mrx given to patient at his request on DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given visually-significant pco od (patient complains of needing a lot more light to read), we proceeded yag capsulotomy od on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 10-2 size v os, and oct rnfl/gcc both eyes (ok to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner prn. if his iop os remains elevated in future, we may need to perform surgery there sooner than later (maybe phaco/ecp/kdb or phaco/mp cpc/kdb os to avoid sutures). the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma-related issues worsening vision HVF OD. Intolerant to eye drops, had high IOP OD, and myopic shift in cataract OD. Underwent phaco/xen gel stent OD. Suffered from visually-significant PCO OD, needing more light to read, and underwent YAG capsulotomy OD. Might need surgery for elevated IOP OS.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07043", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07043.jpg", "filename": "data_07043.npz", "report": "Patient, a 60 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to her higher-than-usual cup-to-disc ratio in her left eye compared to her right. However, this cupping may not be due to glaucoma, but rather a result of previous optic neuritis. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered acceptable, and she does not require further treatment at this time.", "age": 60.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "-1.00 070 +2.25 left +1.75 -0.50 119 +2.25 age: 6m type: pal wearing rx comments mrx dated DATE_TIME outside assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: 25 / 25, tmax: 20 / 22 central corneal thickness: 652 / 646 gonioscopy: od: c30b 1+; os: (b-c)c25b1+, no pas retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: borderline inferior/superior/temporal thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: previously for ms in DATE_TIME, joint injections trauma: softball to head as child, no eye trauma asthma/copd: mild asthma other medical history and problems: multiple sclerosis assessment/plan: 60 y.o. female # anatomic narrow angle/primary angle closure suspect, both eyes; glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, left > right eye - s/p attempted laser peripheral iridotomy od (DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON, not patent, had vasovagal episode) - cupping os likely related to prior optic neuritis, not glaucoma - iop acceptable ou - not occludable on gonioscopy ou DATE_TIME - continue to monitor without initiating topical treatment or additional laser - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos and/or continue excellent care with dr. PERSON optic neuritis, left eye - multiple episodes DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME - previously on medication for ms - disc slightly pale with mild cupping DATE_TIME # amblyopia, right eye - mild, 20/25 monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, a 60 y.o. female, is a glaucoma suspect due to her higher-than-usual cup-to-disc ratio in her left eye compared to her right. However, this cupping may not be due to glaucoma, but rather a result of previous optic neuritis. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered acceptable, and she does not require further treatment at this time.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07044", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07044.jpg", "filename": "data_07044.npz", "report": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma worse in right eye, 524/530 CCT. Patient has no intolerance to glaucoma meds, stable testing results, and iop is good. Plan includes Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataracts and macular drusen. No diabetes. Will follow up with doctor for glaucoma.", "age": 85.61, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "- ?primary open angle glaucoma od > os, mild, PERSON 19 ou. PERSON. no hx of gtts intolerance. cct 524/ 530, DATE_TIME showed significant thinning, but not c/w vf's. vf 5/14 grossly nl angle occludable in 5/13, s/PERSON. no asthma. goal PERSON low teens, os mid teens - iop good, all testing stable for DATE_TIME. plan: c/w xal ou qhs. c/w timolol ou qam - will do hvf os first then od. - pt to f/u w dr. PERSON for glaucoma f/u and see me as needed. - cataracts ou, nvs plan: per dr. PERSON - macular drusen ou plan: per dr. PERSON. - systemic / social issues: no dm. PERSON is in LOCATION DATE_TIME ?", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild primary open angle glaucoma worse in right eye, 524/530 CCT. Patient has no intolerance to glaucoma meds, stable testing results, and iop is good. Plan includes Xalatan and Timolol. Presence of cataracts and macular drusen. No diabetes. Will follow up with doctor for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07045", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07045.jpg", "filename": "data_07045.npz", "report": "Patient has normal-tension glaucoma. Recent visual field and OCT tests conducted. Follow-up for IOP check, HVF, dilation, disc photos due. Glaucoma care ongoing.", "age": 55.07, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "with normal-tension glaucoma as well as her recent visual field and oct testing. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has normal-tension glaucoma. Recent visual field and OCT tests conducted. Follow-up for IOP check, HVF, dilation, disc photos due. Glaucoma care ongoing.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07046", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07046.jpg", "filename": "data_07046.npz", "report": "Patient has Frisen 4 papilledema, nasal and inferior subretinal hemorrhages, superior preretinal hemorrhage, and peripapillary wrinkles indicating idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 33.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "she never smoked. social drinking before she was pregnant. she lives natick. physical examination is attached in detail photos DATE_TIME od: frisen 4 papilledema, nasal and inferior subretinal heme, superior preretinal heme os: frisen 4 papilledema, peripapillary wrinkles oct -DATE_TIME: no submacular fluid automated perimetry -DATE_TIME hvf 24-2 fast labs - csf DATE_TIME 1-2 wbc, 0-3 rbc, protein 15, glucose 61 - rpr non-reactive - cbc normal - pt/PTT normal imaging - mri brain/orbit, mrv head DATE_TIME mild flattening of the posterior globes, empty sella turcica and suggestion of bilateral transverse sinus/sigmoid sinus junctions narrowing, finding that can be seen in the setting of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. \u00ff no acute infarction, intracranial hemorrhages or parenchymal lesions. formulation: this DATE_TIME woman with a history of overweight/obesity presents for evaluation of papilledema. she woke with floaters on DATE_TIME which led to recognition of a vtireous hemorrhage and papilledema when she came to the Institution ed. subsequent work-up included mri brain/orbit and mrv head with lp, all compatible with iih. her floaters are clearing. the exam demonstrates normal afferent function aside from mild blind spot enlargement ou and an inferior > superior arcuate defect od. funduscopy reveals frisen 4 papilledema ou with pre-retinal / sub-retinal heme od and peripapillary wrinkles os>od. she should continue acetazolamide 1gm bid with plan for close f/u DATE_TIME. we discussed healthy eating and pregnancy-appropriate physical activity to mitigate the underlying drivers of her iih. plan - f/U PERSON, acl, final csf cx - continue acetazolamide 1,000mg bid - f/u NEXT WEEK PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has Frisen 4 papilledema, nasal and inferior subretinal hemorrhages, superior preretinal hemorrhage, and peripapillary wrinkles indicating idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07047", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07047.jpg", "filename": "data_07047.npz", "report": "68-year-old male has open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, mild family history, and hypercholesterolemia. Showed initial improvement in intraocular pressure (IOP) after Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), but it's increasing again. Also has mild Non-Resolving-Pneumonia (NRP) gland dysfunction, dry eye syndrome, and immature cataracts that are not affecting his daily activities. He was given a prescription for new glasses during the last visit.", "age": 68.31, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 y.o. male with hypercholesterolemia previously followed by PERSON open angle glaucoma ou, mild fam hx: tmax: 26/24 DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb, 1+ pigmented tm cct: 537/560 DATE_TIME: od thin n, os borderline s DATE_TIME: PERSON, PERSON (ou stable since DATE_TIME) hvf 8/14: ou full (though borderline false positives) 12/16: ou full 4/19: od full, os few inferior defects (fluctuates but intermittently present since DATE_TIME) 10/20: ou full disc photos: DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME s/p inferior slt ou DATE_TIME by dr. PERSON with initial improvement in iop ~18 ou. iop increasing again now DATE_TIME LOCATION seen by PERSON (glaucoma) DATE_TIME who advised consider repeat slt if iop>24 without progression, or if definitive progression on ancillary testing >> continue to monitor off eyedrops - mild NRP gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou >> continue warm compresses, artificial tears prn - immature cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living >> observe - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient last visit has separate distance and reading glasses control arm for dr. PERSON's armd study f/up DATE_TIME with iop check, no dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old male has open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, mild family history, and hypercholesterolemia. Showed initial improvement in intraocular pressure (IOP) after Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), but it's increasing again. Also has mild Non-Resolving-Pneumonia (NRP) gland dysfunction, dry eye syndrome, and immature cataracts that are not affecting his daily activities. He was given a prescription for new glasses during the last visit.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07048", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07048.jpg", "filename": "data_07048.npz", "report": "The note discusses a detailed review and interpretation of tests, including ancillary studies, and discussion of patient management. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 42.44, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a potentially [ high / moderate ] risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. i spent a total of DATE_TIME personally preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow and review of medical tests), reviewing my findings and discussing a management plan with the patient, and finalizing the note. additional data on the timing of this visit is retrievable from our custom-designed, digitized patient tracking system that is used in my office. ]", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses a detailed review and interpretation of tests, including ancillary studies, and discussion of patient management. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07049", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07049.jpg", "filename": "data_07049.npz", "report": "The patient is diabetic, on Flomax and may require special equipment for surgery due to increased risk of complications. IOP checks suggest glaucoma is a concern.", "age": 69.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "flomax/tamsulosin/alpha blockers *** increased risk of complications due to implants/special equipment needed -- *** preferred anesthesia -- *** diabetic -- {yes PERSON} pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. patient wishes to proceed with peck procedure od once he is less busy with work commitments. if iop above goal in future and patient still not ready for surgery, consider LOCATION. we can also consider more eye drops os. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is diabetic, on Flomax and may require special equipment for surgery due to increased risk of complications. IOP checks suggest glaucoma is a concern.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07050", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07050.jpg", "filename": "data_07050.npz", "report": "Exam shows cupping on both eyes, no history of elevated intraocular pressure, no glaucomatous changes, mild nuclear sclerosis. No glaucoma present.", "age": 61.56, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou; no hx iop elevation - hvf without glaucomatous changes, cct 564 ou, oct without rnfl loss mild nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: yrly (wishes hvfDATE_TIME)", "gpt4_summary": "Exam shows cupping on both eyes, no history of elevated intraocular pressure, no glaucomatous changes, mild nuclear sclerosis. No glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07051", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07051.jpg", "filename": "data_07051.npz", "report": "The patient's clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve assessment for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma. Patient has hypertension.", "age": 69.09, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertension results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve assessment for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma. Patient has hypertension.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07052", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07052.jpg", "filename": "data_07052.npz", "report": "Patient is on medication for potential glaucoma. Takes latanoprost/xalatan once at night, dorzolamide/timolol 3x/day, and brimonidine/alphagan 2x/day in both eyes.", "age": 78.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency latanoprost/xalatan\u00f8 (PERSON) both eyes 1x/night dorzolamide/timolol [cosopt]\u00fd (dark blue) both eyes 3x/day brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) both eyes 2x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant at (617)-573 for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on medication for potential glaucoma. Takes latanoprost/xalatan once at night, dorzolamide/timolol 3x/day, and brimonidine/alphagan 2x/day in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07053", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07053.jpg", "filename": "data_07053.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma; initially had high intraocular pressure (IOP) of ~38/40, controlled to 24/26 with medication. No refractive error, healthy optic nerve, normal visual field. Intolerant to agn, ganfort.\n", "age": 67.91, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME target iop: / , tmax: ~38/40 (per patient) central corneal thickness: 613 / 599 refractive error: none optic nerve findings on initial visit: healthy, small visual fields on initial visit: normal ou medication history and intolerances: agn allergy, ganfort burning/irritation glaucoma procedures:none other eye procedures: none family history: none other history and problems: plan patient stopped all drops cosopt and xalatan ou on DATE_TIME. she lives in bermuda and went for iop check on DATE_TIME and found to have PERSON ~38/40. she was reinitiated on glaucoma drops and iop check DATE_TIME 24/26 ou. continue on LOCATION and xalatan ou. early cataract, reviewed i personally saw and examined the patient and reviewed the findings and agree with what is documented in the record. i discussed the patient with the resident and agree with their note which accurately reflects my own findings and plan.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma; initially had high intraocular pressure (IOP) of ~38/40, controlled to 24/26 with medication. No refractive error, healthy optic nerve, normal visual field. Intolerant to agn, ganfort.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07054", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07054.jpg", "filename": "data_07054.npz", "report": "77 y.o. black, non-hispanic male has been diagnosed with glaucoma. Undertook macular oct and differentiation tests. Requires RMV form.", "age": 77.59, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "a 77 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. DATE_TIME with macular oct, dilation, sooner prn needs rmv form completed -> will mail to pt. able to differentiate red, amber, green DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "77 y.o. black, non-hispanic male has been diagnosed with glaucoma. Undertook macular oct and differentiation tests. Requires RMV form.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07055", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07055.jpg", "filename": "data_07055.npz", "report": "The patient shows low-grade signs of ocular chronic graft vs host disease, managed on reduced alrex. Stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze managed. Though cirrus tests suggest inferior nerve fiber layer loss in the left eye, the condition remains stable. No glaucoma reported.", "age": 60.36, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. oc cgvhd - low grade signs os>od and symptoms, well tolerated on reduced alrex. plug out lll (0.5 placed last visit). no increaesd sx that eye so will defer replacement for now. 2. stable PERSON - mild pc haze os > od managing - will update specs, defer yag caps pending more symptoms, loss of bcva. did not fill rx yet. 3. NRP suspect - seen PERSON, then parminder. PERSON high last visit, better DATE_TIME on reduced alrex. although cirrus suspicious for inf nfl loss l eye, photos and files are stable over DATE_TIME. plan: 1. continue alrex at DATE_TIME. 2. continue without plug lll DATE_TIME given feeling good 3. f/u 6m, iop check, consider repeat cirrus at 1yr.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows low-grade signs of ocular chronic graft vs host disease, managed on reduced alrex. Stable condition of mild posterior capsular haze managed. Though cirrus tests suggest inferior nerve fiber layer loss in the left eye, the condition remains stable. No glaucoma reported.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07056", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07056.jpg", "filename": "data_07056.npz", "report": "50-year-old male, identified as a glaucoma suspect based on family history. Missed follow-up appointment. Visual field tests undertaken, with non-specific defects identified in both eyes. Normal OCT findings. Advised to have routine eye examinations.", "age": 50.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "50 y.o. male h/o glaucoma suspect ou, missed the followup with dr. PERSONon for DATE_TIME, presents for visual field and DATE_TIME. glaucoma suspect ou -iop DATE_TIME 20/20 DATE_TIME 20/20 DATE_TIME 15/17 -c/d ratio: 0.4 -glaucoma suspect on the basis of strong family history (mother & uncle) DATE_TIME corneal thickness od 581, 582, 578 corneal thickness os 573, 574, 575 gonioscopy od open gonioscopy os open oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye -0.46 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye -0.32 right eye reliability/fixation was poor mean deviation was calculated to be: -0.32 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: --0.46 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects advised pt to have a complete eye examination, including dilation, on a DATE_TIME basis.", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old male, identified as a glaucoma suspect based on family history. Missed follow-up appointment. Visual field tests undertaken, with non-specific defects identified in both eyes. Normal OCT findings. Advised to have routine eye examinations.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07057", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07057.jpg", "filename": "data_07057.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma along with other conditions like hyperlipidemia, insomnia, abnormal liver function tests, a lesion of the breast, knee pain etc. Further tests have been ordered.", "age": 74.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME a LOCATION, LOCATION end adult medicine PHONE_NUMBER future orders complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME follow-up return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME). orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl; 6mm length condition list as of DATE_TIME routine adult health maintenance hyperlipidemia insomnia abnormal liver function tests glaucoma suspect allergic reaction lesion of breast knee pain irritable bowel syndrome neuralgia osteopenia peripheral nerve disease history of diverticulitis of colon vitamin d deficiency primary osteoarthritis of hand overuse syndrome of hand routine general medical examination at a health care facility memory impairment results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma along with other conditions like hyperlipidemia, insomnia, abnormal liver function tests, a lesion of the breast, knee pain etc. Further tests have been ordered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07058", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07058.jpg", "filename": "data_07058.npz", "report": "Patient's vision and visual field stable post craniopharyngioma resection. Sensory exotropia present but not causing social issues. Regular eye exam recommended. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 24.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "neuroimaging: mri brain (pituitary) with contrast DATE_TIME: there is an enlarged sellae turcica without identification of the normal gland or stalk. there is no evidence of an abnormal enhancing lesion. formulation: this patient known for a craniopharingioma s/p resection has a stable neuro-ophtalmic evaluation. the visual acuity in the left eye is stable and the visual field revealed the same temporal defect which was stable. she has a sensory exotropia which has not caused social issues. we had already discussed the possibility of a strabismus surgery but the patient wanted to wait and will contact us if she wants to have a referral. i recommend DATE_TIME exminations and asked her to contact me if she notices any change in her vision. given the belief that she had a total tumor resection and assuming she continues to do well and that her exam and visual field remain stable, we can postpone/defer further mri scans for some time (to be decided at future exams). she has not been seeing a general ophthalmologist, and i recommended that she do so yearly. impression: 1. history of craniopharyngioma, s/p resection at DATE_TIME. lp vision od and temporal defect os, caused by #1, stable 3. panhypopituitarism caused by #1 4. chronic headaches, mixed type - chronic 5. sensory exotropia od recommendations: 1. follow up neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME. continue use polycarbonate glasses 3. DATE_TIME eye exams", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's vision and visual field stable post craniopharyngioma resection. Sensory exotropia present but not causing social issues. Regular eye exam recommended. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07059", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07059.jpg", "filename": "data_07059.npz", "report": "Patient has corneal edema, poor view due to cornea, stable ARMD, and recurrent mild ERM. There's also mixed mechanism glaucoma, corneal opacity and edema. No signs of diabetic retinopathy.", "age": 89.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cornea punctate epithelial erosions diffuse corneal edema, haze, and PERSON anterior chamber tube st tube st iris normal pupillary membrane lens posterior chamber intraocular lens posterior chamber intraocular lens vitreous vitreous PERSON fundus exam right left disc diffuse thinning, no disc hemorrhage poor view due to cornea c/d ratio 0.85 ~0.9 previously PERSON, pigment changes, no heme poor view, attached vessels attenuated periphery normal attached, peripheral scarring assessment and plan armd - stable - od without signs of exudation on exam or oct - os with poor view due to corneal issues - education provided s/p ppv erm peel os DATE_TIME with PERSON improvement on oct but with recurrent mild erm os erm od - stable, monitor s/p laser for superotemporal hst os choroidal hemorrhage os DATE_TIME, now resolved mixed mechanism glaucoma ou - followed by glaucoma service pupillary membrane os - yag could be considered after improvement in corneal edema corneal opacity and edema os - followed by cornea service. they are not pursuing surgery. acuity 20/200 os before PERSON. previous concern for diabetes - patient denies having diabetes - no signs of diabetic retinopathy rtc DATE_TIME exam oct od", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has corneal edema, poor view due to cornea, stable ARMD, and recurrent mild ERM. There's also mixed mechanism glaucoma, corneal opacity and edema. No signs of diabetic retinopathy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07060", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07060.jpg", "filename": "data_07060.npz", "report": "The patient's clinical note indicates normal external and intraocular examinations. However, there is thinning in the superior and inferior regions of the eye disc, indicating possible glaucoma.", "age": 76.78, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "@ DATE_TIME lamp and fundus exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens posterior chamber intraocular lens open pc posterior chamber intraocular lens elshnig pearls open pc vitreous posterior vitreous detachment posterior vitreous detachment fundus exam right left disc sup/inf thinning inf thin to rim, sup thinning c/d ratio 0.9 0.95 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal dfe DATE_TIME refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder add right -1.00 sphere +2.75 left -0.75 sphere +2.75 age: 5yrs type: pal", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's clinical note indicates normal external and intraocular examinations. However, there is thinning in the superior and inferior regions of the eye disc, indicating possible glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07061", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07061.jpg", "filename": "data_07061.npz", "report": "The patient is a 76-year-old female with mild normal tension glaucoma in both eyes but has issues with certain glaucoma medications. Has been recommended for selective laser trabeculoplasty.", "age": 76.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: latanoprost (eyelid swelling/burning), dorzolamide (3x/day dosing, irritation) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown (DATE_TIME?) central corneal thickness: 546 / 592 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: borderline temporal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: temporal and borderline superior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: cva and atrial septal defect on warfarin, breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osa, htn, hld, hypothyroidism assessment/plan: 76 y.o. female retired grade school math teacher followed by dr. PERSON, self-referred for second opinion # normal tension glaucoma, mild, both eyes - iop borderline/too high ou on no medications, significant difficulties with drops, has been recommended selective laser trabeculoplasty - agree that LOCATION would be a very reasonable next step, discussed procedure with patient and answered questions - continue excellent care with PERSON - happy to see patient here again at any time # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME) - monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 76-year-old female with mild normal tension glaucoma in both eyes but has issues with certain glaucoma medications. Has been recommended for selective laser trabeculoplasty.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07062", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07062.jpg", "filename": "data_07062.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) in high teens, which might be worse for the right eye. The IOP is borderline, with possible worsening of visual fields. Treatments have varying results.", "age": 57.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "- primary open angle glaucoma ou, PERSON, PERSON 24 ou. PERSON. no hx of PERSON intolerance. cct 564/ 563. slow vf progression w/ iop in high teens range, possibly worse od in DATE_TIME s/p slt od in DATE_TIME w mild response 18 -> 15 s/p slt os in 12/13 w/ good response 19 -> 15 angles slightly narrow. no iop inc w dil in 5/16 goal PERSON teens, os mid teens - iop borderline w possible vf worsening. plan: c/w xal ou qhs. - consider repeat slt vs timolol qam. no hx of asthma. pt wants to wait for now. - will do hvf od again in DATE_TIME (q6mo) - will do hvf and dfe on separate days. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop ou.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) in high teens, which might be worse for the right eye. The IOP is borderline, with possible worsening of visual fields. Treatments have varying results.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07063", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07063.jpg", "filename": "data_07063.npz", "report": "The clinical note reported the patient suffering from conditions such as anxiety, anemia, migraine, prolactinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, among others, with no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 48.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "to position you for each picture. if your muscles are tense, it will be more difficult for the technologist to position and take clear images of your breast. orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc condition list as of DATE_TIME anxiety anemia migraine prolactinoma gastroesophageal reflux disease mantoux: positive acute pain of right knee cervical radiculopathy dry skin voice disturbance pituitary microadenoma corneal abrasion pigment dispersion syndrome of both eyes dizziness fatigue health care maintenance results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note reported the patient suffering from conditions such as anxiety, anemia, migraine, prolactinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, among others, with no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07064", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07064.jpg", "filename": "data_07064.npz", "report": "Female patient with history of pituitary macroadenoma, recent mini stroke, suspects glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, race and visual field defects. Occasionally experiences redness and blurred vision. Has incipient cataract with presbyopia.", "age": 54.24, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "DATE_TIME. female presents for a comprehensive eye exam. history of pituitary macroadenoma (rare prolactin and acth) s/p transsphenoidal resection DATE_TIME by dr. PERSON, recent mini stroke DATE_TIME, complains of occasional redness od for DATE_TIME. macroadenoma - s/p resection - baseline testing done DATE_TIME and patient also a glaucoma suspect - no bitemporal field defects but suspicious for glaucoma 2. glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc, race and visual field defects - iop - 15/16 - tmax - unknown - c/d - 0.5. 0.4 - family history - negative - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - nasal defects ou - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME full ou - fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - return in DATE_TIME with cct, repeat hvf 24-2 and DATE_TIME. redness od - sometimes notes blurred vision and redness od, nasally - can stay red for DATE_TIME, especially if she gets upset - uses clear eyes occasionally - recommend ats only 4. incipient cataract with presbyopia - excellent uncorrected dva - continue otc readers prn rtc DATE_TIME or sooner prn ?PERSON, LOCATION hf 24-2, oct rnfl, cct", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with history of pituitary macroadenoma, recent mini stroke, suspects glaucoma due to increased cup/disc, race and visual field defects. Occasionally experiences redness and blurred vision. Has incipient cataract with presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07065", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07065.jpg", "filename": "data_07065.npz", "report": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON, has glaucoma medication intolerance to Timolol, shown thinning retinal nerve fiber, both eyes, but has full visual fields. Has ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio.", "age": 55.3, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: on timolol, no intolerances target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 / 23 central corneal thickness: 626 / 628 gonioscopy: d40f, 1+ ptm ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: sup/inf/temp thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: sup/inf/temp thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: mother, maternal grandmother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn assessment/plan: 55 y.o. male software engineer # ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - small myopic nerves complicate evaluation - testing stable since DATE_TIME - iop acceptable on timoptic-xe qd ou but having issues with blurring with gel forming solution - switch to generic timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, disc photos, dilate # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON, has glaucoma medication intolerance to Timolol, shown thinning retinal nerve fiber, both eyes, but has full visual fields. Has ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07066", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07066.jpg", "filename": "data_07066.npz", "report": "80-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Also screened for COVID.", "age": 80.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 80 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. lm for covid screen", "gpt4_summary": "80-year-old white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Also screened for COVID.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07067", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07067.jpg", "filename": "data_07067.npz", "report": "Glaucoma suspect in both eyes with recent deterioration noted on tests. Patient wanted second opinion. No medication intolerances and no previous glaucoma procedures. Cataract extraction performed. Assessment suggests primary open angle glaucoma with target IOP: 13. Recommended therapy includes selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes.", "age": 64.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect of both eyes (concern for recent worsening on optical coherence tomography/hvf with recommendation to initiate therapy, patient wanted second opinion) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 ( ) / 22 ( ) central corneal thickness: 592 / 584 corneal hysteresis 7.1/9.5 gonioscopy: ciliary body band refractive error: od -2.00 . . / os LOCATION . LOCATION . 163 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: inferior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction/iol other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction/iol other eye problems right eye: fuchs other eye problems left eye: fuchs family history: father had poor vision, not sure steroids: no trauma: small poke by child, no major issues asthma: no other medical history and problems: hld, basal cell carcinoma initial note: primary open angle glaucoma with highest intraocular pressure once by rebound in DATE_TIME, mostly in high teens. had been followed at bidc since DATE_TIME with early inferior arcuate left eye and now manifest. clearly worse by about 0.7 db per year since DATE_TIME. right eye has changes on optical coherence tomography, but no visual field loss. central corneal thickness 592/584. set target to 13 both eyes recommend therapy and reviewed options pseudophakia, stable, mild posterior capsular opacification left eye plan: reviewed options, will start with selective laser trabeculoplasty and set target at 13 both eyes", "gpt4_summary": "Glaucoma suspect in both eyes with recent deterioration noted on tests. Patient wanted second opinion. No medication intolerances and no previous glaucoma procedures. Cataract extraction performed. Assessment suggests primary open angle glaucoma with target IOP: 13. Recommended therapy includes selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07068", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07068.jpg", "filename": "data_07068.npz", "report": "Patient scheduled for cataract surgery, advised to use warm compresses for crusting. Medications not to be stopped before surgery. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 73.17, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pf-ats ou qid or more prn - use warm compresses qam ou to ease crusting - od first, os to follow - aim: plano ou - topical - monofocal - do no stop any medication before surgery - consents signed for cataract surgery ou previously - schedule cataract surgery os, accounting for patient's angiograms and other procedures by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, md. DATE_TIME 11:21 am", "gpt4_summary": "Patient scheduled for cataract surgery, advised to use warm compresses for crusting. Medications not to be stopped before surgery. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07069", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07069.jpg", "filename": "data_07069.npz", "report": "70-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 70.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07070", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07070.jpg", "filename": "data_07070.npz", "report": "63-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention is needed yet. Also, there's a prior history of preseptal cellulitis, dry eyes, and blepharitis, all under control. There's presence of pterygium in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy found.", "age": 63.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right NRP -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j1+ left LOCATION -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j1+ assessment and plan 63 m hx htn, dm, hld, pituitary microadenoma last a1c 6.7 on DATE_TIME # no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: no [ gonio 3/2018: open to cbb ou [ oct 10/2021: wnl ou [ hvf 10/2021: nonspecific/full od, full os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # prior hx of preseptal cellulitis, right side (1/2021) # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. adequate symptomatic control. - continue artificial tears ou qid prn. - reviewed artificial tear ointment ou qhs. - treat NRP gland dysfunction as below. # blepharitis, both eyes, mild. primarily posterior (NRP gland dysfunction). adequate symptomatic control. - reviewed warm compresses with eyelid massage bid. - reviewed eyelid margin cleaning bid. # pterygium, both eyes. - discussed with patient the benign, actinic, and often progressive nature of the condition. - artificial tears as needed for irritation. - discussed importance of uv protection. - elective surgical excision is possible if growing or frequently inflamed. \u00ff # refractive error, doing well with current reading glasses. - f/u locally with PERSON at PERSON in saugus \u00ff return in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, but no intervention is needed yet. Also, there's a prior history of preseptal cellulitis, dry eyes, and blepharitis, all under control. There's presence of pterygium in both eyes. No diabetic retinopathy found.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07071", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07071.jpg", "filename": "data_07071.npz", "report": "Patient has type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension, lung cancer, anemia, among others. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "condition list as of DATE_TIME type 2 diabetes mellitus tobacco dependence syndrome arteriosclerotic heart disease nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy chronic kidney disease hypertension myocardial infarction gastrointestinal hemorrhage acute renal failure peripheral vascular disease lung mass anemia peripheral nerve disease non-small cell lung cancer charcot foot due to diabetes mellitus ckd (chronic kidney disease) stage 4, gfr 15-29 ml/min results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension, lung cancer, anemia, among others. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07072", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07072.jpg", "filename": "data_07072.npz", "report": "51 y.o. male with ocular hypertension likely due to topical steroid use. Has history of retinal detachment and tear. Topical steroids stopped, IOP improved on latanoprost, which is temporarily halted. No relation to testosterone injections.", "age": 51.23, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "51 y.o. male with psoriasis on topical steroid started testosterone injections DATE_TIME referred by dr. PERSON for elevated iop - ocular hypertension ou uses topical steroid (desonide, triamcinolone on scalp multiple times DATE_TIME) fam hx: none tmax: 32/29 cct thin: PERSON (denies h/o lvc) gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os nonspecific central defects rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl disc photos: last dilated: DATE_TIME discussed with PERSON PERSON who does not think testosterone caused the elevated iop (topical steroid more likely the contributing factor) pt stopped all topical steroid as of DATE_TIME (now using tacrolimus) iop improved on latanoprost and cessation of topical steroid >> stop latanoprost for now >> recheck iop off latanoprost and topical steroid - h/o macula-on retinal detachment s/p 23gppv/mp/ed/fax/el/20%sf6 od (DATE_TIME by dr. l PERSON) >> retinal detachment precautions - h/o retinal tear os s/p laser (dr. PERSON) noted few floaters os; dilated eye exam DATE_TIME did not show any new holes/tears >> retinal detachment precautions - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient last visit; obtaining new glasses soon. f/up DATE_TIME with iop check (off latanoprost and topical steroid)", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. male with ocular hypertension likely due to topical steroid use. Has history of retinal detachment and tear. Topical steroids stopped, IOP improved on latanoprost, which is temporarily halted. No relation to testosterone injections.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07073", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07073.jpg", "filename": "data_07073.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic horizontal diplopia, glaucoma, ocular migraine, and convergence insufficiency. They have been referred for glaucoma management and pose a high risk of morbidity related to treatment.", "age": 82.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "likely reveal a nasal step in both eyes. i will refer her to glaucoma for further management. diagnoses. 1. chronic horizontal diplopia (started DATE_TIME), secondary to 2. glaucoma 3. ocular migraine 4. convergence insufficiency recommendations. 1. referral to glaucoma 2. follow with us prn PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes dr. PERSON; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by none 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding hospitalizaton. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has chronic horizontal diplopia, glaucoma, ocular migraine, and convergence insufficiency. They have been referred for glaucoma management and pose a high risk of morbidity related to treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07074", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07074.jpg", "filename": "data_07074.npz", "report": "The patient has visual aura from cortical visual area dysfunction, with other frequent visual changes. A persistent scotoma suggests a retinal issue, but this is unconfirmed by imaging. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 24.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "is a benign phenomenon that does not need medical evaluation as long as it resolves within DATE_TIME. during the time of the visual aura, however, the patient should not drive, as vision is truly impaired due to dysfunction of the cortical visual areas. we also discussed that the spectrum of visual changes in migraineurs includes a number of briefer visual changes, such as he experiences not infrequently 2) the small persistent scotoma is suggestive of a retinal issue but so far none is confirmed on available imaging my plan is: - we discussed but deferred the option of pursuing further workup with erg - follow up as needed we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ?PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has visual aura from cortical visual area dysfunction, with other frequent visual changes. A persistent scotoma suggests a retinal issue, but this is unconfirmed by imaging. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07075", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07075.jpg", "filename": "data_07075.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, and has issues with medication adherence. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer is observed. No trauma, asthma/COPD or steroid use. Other medical problems include HIV and multiple myeloma.", "age": 54.79, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: timolol (sinus bradycardia) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown (DATE_TIME while on treatment with adherence issues) central corneal thickness: 505 / 516 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full, non-specific changes not corresponding to exam/oct visual fields, left eye: full, non-specific changes not corresponding to exam/oct family history: father, PERSON (both blind) steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hiv, multiple myeloma assessment/plan: 54 y.o. female PERSON referred by dr. PERSON # ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou (os DATE_TIME, od DATE_TIME) - issues with drop adherence and taking drops at irregular intervals - iop acceptable ou - oct stable ou, vf with non-specific changes not corresponding to exam/oct - continue dorzolamide bid ou, brimonidine bid ou, though could considering decreasing regimen if iop remains this low) - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor # pterygium, both eyes - not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular hypertension, is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, and has issues with medication adherence. No thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer is observed. No trauma, asthma/COPD or steroid use. Other medical problems include HIV and multiple myeloma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07076", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07076.jpg", "filename": "data_07076.npz", "report": "The patient is diabetic, has extreme claustrophobia/anxiety, and is on blood thinners. They will stop taking thinners before surgery. They require general anesthesia and specific equipment for psc implants. The patient has glaucoma and cataracts.", "age": 58.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "soon). + asa/blood thinners => patient to stop DATE_TIME before surgery no flomax/tamsulosin/alpha blockers increased risk of complications due to psc implants/special equipment needed -- kahook dual blade and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation preferred anesthesia -- general anesthesia (will place anesthesia consult given overweight/dm) given extreme claustrophobia/anxiety diabetic -- yes pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc on pod#1 s/p phaco/ecp/kdb os for va and iop check ou, sooner prn. given possible oct worsening od on DATE_TIME, low threshold to lower iop goal od to 17 mmhg and initiate rhopressa qhs ou (from os) if she tolerates it. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is diabetic, has extreme claustrophobia/anxiety, and is on blood thinners. They will stop taking thinners before surgery. They require general anesthesia and specific equipment for psc implants. The patient has glaucoma and cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07077", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07077.jpg", "filename": "data_07077.npz", "report": "83-year-old male patient with a history of glaucoma and cataracts has increasing difficulty reading small print and experiencing fuzziness with close-up vision. Uses Latanoprost and has potential for progressive vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.", "age": 83.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "83 y.o. male is a new patient to me and presents for a comprehensive eye exam. last saw by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME pohx: s/p ce/iol ou, poag ou on latanoprost (since after cataract surgery) pmhx: afib, gerd, hypertension hpi DATE_TIME: pt here for glaucoma suspect exam ou pt states that the small print is getting harder to read and that everything up close seems to be fuzzy pt denies any new flashes or floaters ou, no pain, ou feel comfortable ocular medications: latanoprost qhs ou-used lastnight around DATE_TIME assessment/plan: # poag os > od - iop - 20/20 - tmax - 19/18 in the past - cct - 520/507 - c/d - 0.6, 0.8 (was 0.4. 0.6 from dr. PERSON) - family history - none - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - non-specific defects od, os with inferonasal step stable - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - borderline worsening from DATE_TIME - baseline fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - return in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 - consider adding/changing drops if iop 20 at next visit # pseudophakia - good post-op result - mild pco outside visual axis od only, os s/p yag - no change in rx, continue same rx. - observe rtc 4-6 months with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl - no dilation PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "83-year-old male patient with a history of glaucoma and cataracts has increasing difficulty reading small print and experiencing fuzziness with close-up vision. Uses Latanoprost and has potential for progressive vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07078", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07078.jpg", "filename": "data_07078.npz", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) worse in left eye. Stable visual field but requires low intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP management with PERSON triggered redness/itching, can only tolerate Timolol. Medications Xalatan and Alphagan discontinued due to side effects. Cataract minimal. Retinal nerve fiber layer is stable. Further visual field testing is planned.", "age": 69.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. mild stage poag os>od tmax mid teens; cct 547/536. abnormal retinal vascular autoregulation that improved but was not completely corrected with PERSON. vf has been stable but needs a low iop. PERSON lowered iop but it caused redness and itching. patient with redness and itching with xalatan qhs ou as well - has discontinued medication. pt also with follicular reaction due to alphagan. PERSON not working and was burning. iop still above target cannot tolerate rhopressa glaucoma procedures: od: inf alt (DATE_TIME) os: PERSON alt DATE_TIME; sup alt DATE_TIME target iop 12 ou cannot tolerate any other drops except timolol vf and oct def worse os c/w 2013/4 but vf likely stable vs DATE_TIME. minimal cataract, ou plan: iop near target both eyes last visit visual field left eye was worse but improved this visit rnfl oct is able stable left eye tolerating PERSON - continue - use tid rtc 3 mths visual field left eye again before leaves for fl dilate defer surgery for now", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) worse in left eye. Stable visual field but requires low intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP management with PERSON triggered redness/itching, can only tolerate Timolol. Medications Xalatan and Alphagan discontinued due to side effects. Cataract minimal. Retinal nerve fiber layer is stable. Further visual field testing is planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07079", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07079.jpg", "filename": "data_07079.npz", "report": "49 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Majority of time spent answering patient's questions.", "age": 49.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 49 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. this is feasible DATE_TIME iop check, pachy more than 50% of the time of DATE_TIME was spent answering the patient's questions.", "gpt4_summary": "49 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Majority of time spent answering patient's questions.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07080", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07080.jpg", "filename": "data_07080.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate cataracts but still refracts well. They have a history of glaucoma and were treated with eye drops, but the treatment stopped. Examination showed possible superior arcuate os and large nerves with no thinning. Drops are held off for now.", "age": 72.42, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1) refractive: not wearing glasses now. -give new rx for glasses 2) cataracts: moderate, but still refracts well -follow 3) glaucoma: seen at LOCATION in the past and had been on drops but they were stopped for some reason (DATE_TIME). visual fields DATE_TIME show a possible superior arcuate os. the optical coherence tomography shows large nerves ou with no thinning. pachymetry is slightly thick. - hold off on starting drops for now; if is DATE_TIME again next time, then will consider adding drops -repeat humphrey visual field next time with upper lids taped to see if defect os is real -gonio next time dfe: 11/21 vf: 11/21 DATE_TIME gonio: tmax: 24, 25 cct: 566, 582 fhx: no target iop:", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate cataracts but still refracts well. They have a history of glaucoma and were treated with eye drops, but the treatment stopped. Examination showed possible superior arcuate os and large nerves with no thinning. Drops are held off for now.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07081", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07081.jpg", "filename": "data_07081.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with stable visual field but superior change in left eye. There's pseudophakia in both eyes. No abnormalities in the external eye, lenses, cornea, iris, and macula.", "age": 80.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "assessment glaucoma suspect oct completed will m oniotr superior change os, vf stable pseudophakia ou main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens posterior chamber intraocular lens posterior chamber intraocular lens fundus exam right left disc peripapillary atrophy peripapillary atrophy c/d ratio 0.4 0.3 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery flat no tears or holes old scar retina flat prior rd plan dilate DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with stable visual field but superior change in left eye. There's pseudophakia in both eyes. No abnormalities in the external eye, lenses, cornea, iris, and macula.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07082", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07082.jpg", "filename": "data_07082.npz", "report": "The patient has granulomatous-appearing lesions in the eye, indicative of sarcoidosis. Plan includes referral for biopsy, PET CT scan, possible additional tests, and follow up review. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 41.06, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "insofar as that can be a manifestation of sarcoid that may be self limited. thus further workup is indicated. my plan is: - referral to oculoplastics for biopsy of granulomatous-appearing lesions of the inferior conjunctival fornix - pet ct from skull base to the thigh to assess for malignancy, sarcoidosis or vasculitis - additional studies to consider include lp and cardiac mri - would like to review results of cardiology studies we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has granulomatous-appearing lesions in the eye, indicative of sarcoidosis. Plan includes referral for biopsy, PET CT scan, possible additional tests, and follow up review. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07083", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07083.jpg", "filename": "data_07083.npz", "report": "Patient has history of sacroiliac arthralgia, xerostomia; further brain and orbit imaging discussed. Defers corticosteroid treatment. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 27.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "accordingly discussed repeat imaging of the brain and orbits for further investigation, along with laboratory screening for systemic inflammatory conditions in light of her history of sacroiliac arthralgia and xerostomia. in the meantime, given her subtle afferent involvement, ms. PERSON opted to defer corticosteroid treatment in favor of close clinical monitoring; we did discuss, however, that removal of her retainer may be worthwhile if she were to develop worsening symptoms with non-diagnostic repeat imaging. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up following her trip to LOCATION in 6-8 weeks, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of sacroiliac arthralgia, xerostomia; further brain and orbit imaging discussed. Defers corticosteroid treatment. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07084", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07084.jpg", "filename": "data_07084.npz", "report": "Patient has large nerve with normal retinal nerve fiber layer. Inferior rim defect in right eye. No prior glaucoma surgery. Plan includes addressing primary angle closure and elevated intraocular pressure, and laser peripheral iridotomy.", "age": 72.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: narrow angle eval dr italia ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: 518 / 522 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +3.25. -0.75. 095 / os +1.25. . optic nerve: rnfl oct: large nerve, normal retinal nerve fiber layer vf: likely normal both eyes, inferior rim defect right eye med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: -- od / -- os other eye surgery: -- od/ -- os fhx:no/ steroids: no/ asthma: no/ trauma: no # drusen both eyes pmhx: dm , afib plan: primary angle closure intraocular pressure borderline/ elevated diabetic , needs recurrent dilation recommend laser peripheral iridotomy both eyes i discussed the risks/benefits/alternatives of laser iritotomy including but not limited to the following: elevated iop, need for additional/repeat procedure, lack of desired effect, visual aberrations, prolonged inflammation, possible progression of cataracts, and rare need for incisional surgery for refractory elevated iop. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. on blood thinner both eyes on DATE_TIME argon first, then yag", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has large nerve with normal retinal nerve fiber layer. Inferior rim defect in right eye. No prior glaucoma surgery. Plan includes addressing primary angle closure and elevated intraocular pressure, and laser peripheral iridotomy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07085", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07085.jpg", "filename": "data_07085.npz", "report": "Patient on latanoprost, brimonidine/alphagan3 3x/day, dorzolamide/timolol 2x/day for both eyes. Suggests contact with the glaucoma department for any eye concerns.", "age": 82.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency latanoprost (teal) both eyes DATE_TIME brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) both eyes 3x/day (1 drop in DATE_TIME, 1 drop in DATE_TIME, and 1 drop at DATE_TIME) dorzolamide/timolol [cosopt]\u00fd (dark blue) both eyes 2x/day (1 drop in DATE_TIME and 1 drop in DATE_TIME) \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: ofloxacin, vigamox, moxifloxacin, zymaxid/zymar, gatifloxacin, polytrim. if you have a severe allergy to fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin belongs to this family of antibiotics), you may be prescribed a different antibiotic than those listed here. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER . for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call. please bring this to your next visit.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on latanoprost, brimonidine/alphagan3 3x/day, dorzolamide/timolol 2x/day for both eyes. Suggests contact with the glaucoma department for any eye concerns.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07086", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07086.jpg", "filename": "data_07086.npz", "report": "29 y.o. male with trauma to right eye from a car accident. Has non-functional vision due to optic neuropathy, exposure keratopathy, permanently closed eyelid and uses eye patch. No interest in reconstructive surgery. Increased optic disc ratio in left eye might be normal. Intraocular pressure is stable. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 29.43, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "29 y.o. male 1. s/p MVA with trauma to right orbit 2007, ejected from car h/o NLP vision due to traumatic optic neuropathy h/o exposure keratopathy, cicatrizing lid disease, s/p almost complete tarsorraphy 2007 no view of globe due to surgical lid closure pt wears a pirate patch to cover the eye all the time offered eye plastics eval, discussed reconstructive surgery and prosthesis, pt not interested at this time 2. Monocular precautions The importance of wearing eye protection including polycarbonate glasses was discussed with the patient. 3. inc C:D ratio OS likely physiologic, previously noted in 2007 as well IOP controlled DP today stable HVF full OCT borderline sup thinning Observe 4. Refractive error: A prescription for new glasses was given to the patient today. 1 yr, prn sooner, MRx, IOP, HVF, dil OCT and DP (all OS only) PERSON scribing for Dr. PERSON at 8:27 AM on DATE_TIME. I was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "29 y.o. male with trauma to right eye from a car accident. Has non-functional vision due to optic neuropathy, exposure keratopathy, permanently closed eyelid and uses eye patch. No interest in reconstructive surgery. Increased optic disc ratio in left eye might be normal. Intraocular pressure is stable. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07087", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07087.jpg", "filename": "data_07087.npz", "report": "The patient has had cataract surgery in both eyes and a YAG capsulotomy in the right eye. She has advanced glaucoma, which is affecting her vision.", "age": 77.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "for review) - continue excellent care with dr. PERSON - happy to have patient return to see me again at any time as needed # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes # s/p yag capsulotomy, right eye (DATE_TIME) - od with ex-press as above, aimed LOCATION with xen as above, aimed -0.50 - notes indicate that she was previously was considering os iol exchange to be aimed near instead of distance, though this is not advisable at this point given her advanced glaucoma that is limiting acuity PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has had cataract surgery in both eyes and a YAG capsulotomy in the right eye. She has advanced glaucoma, which is affecting her vision.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07088", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07088.jpg", "filename": "data_07088.npz", "report": "88-year-old female with a history of glaucoma showed progress, but had stopped using latanoprost drops and has been forgetting to take them. She has open-angle glaucoma, right eye > left. Issues suspected in her right eye. Posterior blepharitis improved, both eyes. Cataract and macular drusen, both eyes, not visually significant. Bilateral lower eyelid laxity.", "age": 89.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "88 f hx bcc, melanoma for f/u of glaucoma. continues to do well following blepharitis treatment without complaints of irritation. has stopped using latanoprost drops, thinking that she did not need to use them since her eyes were feeling well. # open-angle glaucoma, right > left eye. [ cct: 531,533 [ gonio DATE_TIME: open 360 deg ou [ oct rnfl DATE_TIME: diffuse thinning od, borderline inftemp thinning os (stable) [ hvf DATE_TIME: superior PERSON loss with inferior nasal step od, generalized depression with possible inf/sup changes os - concern for progression in the right eye which already has superior LOCATION loss, though foveal sensitivity is relatively preserved. - reviewed importance of f/u and treatment in helping to prevent progressive permanent visual loss from glaucoma. - pt has been forgetting to take latanoprost. iop higher DATE_TIME off eyedrops. restart latanoprost ou qhs. # posterior blepharitis, both eyes, significantly improved and no longer symptomatic. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff- continue warm compresses/massage\u00ffand eyelid hygiene as needed. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff- s/p DATE_TIME course of doxycycline 50 mg PERSON short course of steroid eyedrops, which she found to be helpful. # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff # macular drusen, both eyes. not visually significant. - monitor. \u00ff\u00ff # suspicious rll margin lesion, s/p excision DATE_TIME (PERSON). pt reports pathology was benign \u00ff\u00ff # s/p PERSON (DATE_TIME dr hatton) \u00ff\u00ff # bilateral lower eyelid laxity without frank ectropion, left > right \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff- discussed that this may contribute to dry eyes, but is currently not causing symptoms. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff- monitor # refractive error, some change from previous, doing well with current glasses (does not drive). \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff rtc DATE_TIME with hvf/oct, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "88-year-old female with a history of glaucoma showed progress, but had stopped using latanoprost drops and has been forgetting to take them. She has open-angle glaucoma, right eye > left. Issues suspected in her right eye. Posterior blepharitis improved, both eyes. Cataract and macular drusen, both eyes, not visually significant. Bilateral lower eyelid laxity.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07089", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07089.jpg", "filename": "data_07089.npz", "report": "74 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma, negative screen questions.", "age": 74.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "a 74 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. negative screen questions", "gpt4_summary": "74 y.o. white, non-hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma, negative screen questions.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07090", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07090.jpg", "filename": "data_07090.npz", "report": "The patient is on a regimen of various eye drops for glaucoma: teal 1x/night in the right eye, purple 3x/day in the right eye, timolol 2x/day in the right eye, dorzolamide/trusopt 3x/day in the right eye, prednisolone 1 drop in the left eye, and rhopressa 1x/night in the right eye.", "age": 74.82, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) the right eye 1x/night PERSON (purple) the right eye 3x/day timolol (yellow) the right eye 2x/day dorzolamide/trusopt (orange)& the right eye 3x/day prednisolone (pink or white)** the left eye 1 drop every DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME shake 20 times before each use rhopressa (white) the right eye 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. ** some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication (topical steroid) include: prednisolone acetate, pred forte, durezol, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, loteprednol, fluorometholone. prednisolone should be shaken 20 times before placing it in the eye. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on a regimen of various eye drops for glaucoma: teal 1x/night in the right eye, purple 3x/day in the right eye, timolol 2x/day in the right eye, dorzolamide/trusopt 3x/day in the right eye, prednisolone 1 drop in the left eye, and rhopressa 1x/night in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07091", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07091.jpg", "filename": "data_07091.npz", "report": "The 62-year-old patient had sudden vision loss in the left eye, but saw improvement after an injection. They have hyperopia and presbyopia, and open-angle glaucoma treated with latanoprost. Also, they're diabetic with a recent A1C of 8.1.", "age": 62.92, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "62 PERSON referred by dr. LOCATION for possible hrvo os. new to me DATE_TIME. pt notes sudden vision loss in the left since DATE_TIME. pt notes improvement of vision os since injection went to pcp, did not recommend medication for htn URLferior hrvo os feb 2020 - pt denies hx of htn, last measured DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME, no on any medications; hx of hld, diabetes -last oct DATE_TIME with nasal thickening -pt also with rpe changes fa in the past shows macular ischemia and leakage consider prp in areas of PERSON on DATE_TIME, va much improved since injection patient notes difference, although anatomically not much change on oct. macular heme resolved guarded visual prognosis os 2. open angle glaucoma -following with dr. LOCATION taking latanoprost -c/w drops \u00ff 3.\u00ffdm type ii without diabetic PERSON; LOCATION metformin - recent a1c:\u00ff8.1 on DATE_TIME - monitor \u00ff 4. hyperopia od with presbyopia; - following with dr. LOCATION \u00ff 5. PERSON - suggest at's and warm compresses plan: follow up in DATE_TIME, oct wang i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The 62-year-old patient had sudden vision loss in the left eye, but saw improvement after an injection. They have hyperopia and presbyopia, and open-angle glaucoma treated with latanoprost. Also, they're diabetic with a recent A1C of 8.1.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07092", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07092.jpg", "filename": "data_07092.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of open angle glaucoma due to cdr asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Current treatment is monitoring but there's a low threshold for initiating treatment.", "age": 53.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "?1. open angle glaucoma suspect due to cdr assymetry os > od vs early poag ou - thick pachymetry (637/621); tmax 22/23; +fhx of glaucoma (pgf) - hvf unremarkable ou - oct-rnfl (85/82) with borderline sup thinning ou - deviation maps look stable ou ?- tg = low DATE_TIME; PERSON after accounting for cct ou - discussed treatment vs monitoring for now - follow for now but would have low threshold for initiating treatment - uses albuterol and flonase ? 2. pciol ou s/p yag cap ou - by dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME - follow 3. pvd ou - rd precautions - per dr. PERSON 4. s/p strabismus surgery os (DATE_TIME) with some decompensation - seen by PERSON PERSON 5. erm od - mild - per dr. PERSON 6. rosacea blepharitis ou - per dr. LOCATION ? social/systemic: asa 81 mg, sle, raynaud's, mitral valve insufficiency ? rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou and disc photos ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of open angle glaucoma due to cdr asymmetry and has a family history of glaucoma. Current treatment is monitoring but there's a low threshold for initiating treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07093", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07093.jpg", "filename": "data_07093.npz", "report": "The patient will undergo cataract and hydrus surgery on the left eye by Dr. PERSON at LOCATION. They have an age-related nuclear cataract and mild primary open angle glaucoma.", "age": 82.57, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "please schedule this patient (PERSON) for surgery: cataract and hydrus laterality: left eye surgeon: PERSON, LOCATION level: 4 diagnoses associated with this procedure for booking: age-related nuclear cataract, left eye; primary open angle glaucoma of left eye, mild stage anesthesia: mac plus topical case duration: DATE_TIME operating time blood thinners: this patient is not on blood thinners please send me confirmation message with the date when scheduled. thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "The patient will undergo cataract and hydrus surgery on the left eye by Dr. PERSON at LOCATION. They have an age-related nuclear cataract and mild primary open angle glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07094", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07094.jpg", "filename": "data_07094.npz", "report": "Patient has old pigment in vitreous and 3 barricaded hst. No new breaks/tears. Floater os becoming prominent. On metformin, HbA1c between 5.6%-6.8%. No diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 56.0, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME. PERSON with pigment in vitreous (appears old), 3 hst identified but all well barricaded by laser, no new breaks or tears appreciated. will monitor and maintain rd precautions >> DATE_TIME: feels floater os becoming more prominent 3. PERSON diagnosed DATE_TIME >> on metformin -hba1c 6.8% DATE_TIME, 5.6% DATE_TIME, 6.2% DATE_TIME, 5.7% DATE_TIME -no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on examination DATE_TIME. patient was advised to maintain tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure. mrx updated DATE_TIME. could try yellow-tinted glasses or lumify for DATE_TIME driving ctl DATE_TIME, tried minimonovision as we discussed, and it worked, but forgot about it >> reviewed. has d/c'd ctl, removes glasses to read and may consider returning to ctl again.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has old pigment in vitreous and 3 barricaded hst. No new breaks/tears. Floater os becoming prominent. On metformin, HbA1c between 5.6%-6.8%. No diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07095", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07095.jpg", "filename": "data_07095.npz", "report": "The note discusses a patient with a lifelong risk of glaucoma who has been prescribed Cosopt, emphasizing the need for adherence to treatment, regular check-ups, potential future interventions (like LOCATION to a healthy area of the angle od), and use of preservative-free artificial tears.", "age": 66.35, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cosopt bid od. -continue cosopt bid ou (from bid od). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -on DATE_TIME we discussed life-long risk of glaucoma and need for regular f/u. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider LOCATION to healthy area of the angle od if iop above goal in the future or trouble adhering to medication. we can also consider slt os in future given healthy angle there. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses a patient with a lifelong risk of glaucoma who has been prescribed Cosopt, emphasizing the need for adherence to treatment, regular check-ups, potential future interventions (like LOCATION to a healthy area of the angle od), and use of preservative-free artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07096", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07096.jpg", "filename": "data_07096.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma in patient Armand Chip J Bergeron.", "age": 81.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME patient: armand chip j bergeron mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME to whom it may concern: please put mr. bergeron on the next available boat. he was seen DATE_TIME in my clinic at Institution. sincerely, PERSONmd, phd", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any information regarding the presence of glaucoma in patient Armand Chip J Bergeron.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07097", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07097.jpg", "filename": "data_07097.npz", "report": "The patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye, uses steroid nasal spray, and has a nuclear sclerosis and PVD in the right eye. No presence of glaucoma noted.", "age": 65.98, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: iop elevation od>os; discs appear healthy (takes steroid nasal spray) ---better DATE_TIME; using spray DATE_TIME; normal hvf, oct, cct nuclear sclerosis ou s/p retinopexy od pvd od refr error plan: yrly", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye, uses steroid nasal spray, and has a nuclear sclerosis and PVD in the right eye. No presence of glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07098", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07098.jpg", "filename": "data_07098.npz", "report": "78-year-old black, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. NRP.", "age": 78.65, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. NRP", "gpt4_summary": "78-year-old black, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. NRP.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07099", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07099.jpg", "filename": "data_07099.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, managed previously elsewhere. Other issues include visual field worsening, myopic degeneration, and retinal tear in left eye. Undergoing treatment with latanoprost and timolol.", "age": 61.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview open angle glaucoma, previously managed elsewhere. target iop: / ; tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 583 / 580; ch: / refractive error: od -1.50 . -1.75 x 029 / os -1.00 . -3.25 x 177 optic nerve structure and function: visual field worsening DATE_TIME. nerve evaluation confounded by myopic degeneration - imaging not useful. medications and intolerances: latanoprost procedures and complications: cataract extraction both eyes DATE_TIME. laser capsulotomy left eye (vasan) relevant history and problems: retinal tear left eye - cryo. myopic degeneration both eyes. current assessment & plan continue latanoprost ou qhs, add timolol 0.5% ou DATE_TIME. relevant medications timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; macula cube, rnfl, gcc return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, managed previously elsewhere. Other issues include visual field worsening, myopic degeneration, and retinal tear in left eye. Undergoing treatment with latanoprost and timolol.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07100", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07100.jpg", "filename": "data_07100.npz", "report": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Diagnosis assisted by a mentioned person at a specified location.", "age": 78.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. with the assistance of PERSON, LOCATION)", "gpt4_summary": "78 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Diagnosis assisted by a mentioned person at a specified location.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07101", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07101.jpg", "filename": "data_07101.npz", "report": "The patient has narrow angles in both eyes, worse in the right eye, but neither are occludable. They are a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history. Also, minimal cataract present in both eyes. A peripheral patch of drusen with retinal bleeding is also present.", "age": 66.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. narrow angles od worse but neither angle is occludable. 2. low open angle glaucoma suspect due to a positive family history tmax 14 cct 580 ou. vf/oct are normal. 3. minimal cataract, ou epidemiologist at hsph plan: gonio remains open but steep insertion dilated DATE_TIME, anatomy appears improved with dilation rnfl oct and vf nml ou observe rtc 1 yr, vf, oct, gonio and dilate (after gonio) found to have peripheral patch of drusen on exam with associated retinal heme ?peripheral cnvm refer to retina for eval not affecting vision return precautions discussed", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has narrow angles in both eyes, worse in the right eye, but neither are occludable. They are a low open angle glaucoma suspect due to family history. Also, minimal cataract present in both eyes. A peripheral patch of drusen with retinal bleeding is also present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07102", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07102.jpg", "filename": "data_07102.npz", "report": "The 34-year-old male patient had ophthalmic hypertension and was previously treated with travatan. His eye pressure is currently controlled in the right eye, but borderline in the left eye. The risk of glaucoma and vision loss has been discussed.", "age": 34.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "34 y.o. male DATE_TIME ohtn, tmax 25,29 (dr. PERSON), previously treated with travatan. no use x > DATE_TIME fhx negative hvf: full ou oct wnl ou iop controlled od, borderline os discussed risk of glaucoma and vision loss with patient. discussed options with patient: 1. recheck iop in DATE_TIME. slt os 3. start medication os plan: return in 1 mo for iop check, gonio and cct 2. re - ok with current glasses f/u 1 mo for iop check, cct and gonio ou", "gpt4_summary": "The 34-year-old male patient had ophthalmic hypertension and was previously treated with travatan. His eye pressure is currently controlled in the right eye, but borderline in the left eye. The risk of glaucoma and vision loss has been discussed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07103", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07103.jpg", "filename": "data_07103.npz", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma in the left eye and earlier experienced low grade iritis which may have contributed to high intraocular pressure. IOP is now managed with medication. The patient may benefit from further treatment if glaucoma progresses. There is primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye which is stable. The patient also has blepharitis, epiphora, and an epitheliopathy which is worse in the left eye. Systemically, they have hypertension and diabetes.", "age": 75.88, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "# mixed mechanism glaucoma os (poag + s/p ppv) - s/p phaco/sulcus iol os with ppv/retained lens fragment removal - gonio with pas inferiorly os but otherwise open - low grade iritis os prior to glaucoma sx --> high iop could have been related to iritis vs steroid or both; now s/p agv os DATE_TIME - h/o steroid response - tg mid teens os; <= 18 od; above goal os DATE_TIME - restart brimonidine bid os (insurance not covering brand alphagan anymore) - dorz/timolol bid ou (consider switching to LOCATION depending on symptomatology) - there appears to be oct-rnfl change from DATE_TIME in os which may suggest that target iop needs to be lower - may benefit from micropulse cpc os if os continues to progress # mild primary open angle glaucoma od - tmax unknown; cct (PERSON) - hvf likely stable and relatively full ou with significant ltf from test to test; likely lid effect ou - oct-rnfl (88/85) wnl ou - stable PERSON # pciol od (DATE_TIME) / sulcus iol os (by outside md) - stable - as above # dm without npdr or csme on dfe (DATE_TIME) - bp and bs control - per dr. young # blepharitis ou - lid scrubs, warm compresses # epiphora ou - believed to be due to poor ocular surface - plan per dr. PERSON and dr. luo # optociliary shunt vessels os (not seen on disc photos from DATE_TIME) - no mass lesion on mri-orbits; may be related to glaucoma vs subclinical vascular occlusive event? - follow # epitheliopathy od > os - continue LOCATION and preservative free tears per dr. PERSON social/systemic: htn, dm rtc DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma in the left eye and earlier experienced low grade iritis which may have contributed to high intraocular pressure. IOP is now managed with medication. The patient may benefit from further treatment if glaucoma progresses. There is primary open angle glaucoma in the right eye which is stable. The patient also has blepharitis, epiphora, and an epitheliopathy which is worse in the left eye. Systemically, they have hypertension and diabetes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07104", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07104.jpg", "filename": "data_07104.npz", "report": "65 y.o. male with ocular hypertension, borderline IOP, and no family history of glaucoma. Also has stage II lung adenocarcinoma, diabetes, and cataracts. No glaucoma treatment initiated due to factors like thick pachy and thick neuroretinal rim.", "age": 65.74, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "65 y.o. male here for follow-up visit for iop check in setting of ocular hypertension. diagnosed (DATE_TIME) with stage iiia lung adenocarcinoma, treated with chemoradiotherapy. 1. borderline iop/ocular hypertension iop DATE_TIME 18/18 (applanation, il) tmax 24/20 thicker pachy 594/596, true iop lower than measured \u00ff no known family hx of glaucoma (father had an eye problem, but it could have been cataract, patient not sure) oct rnfl: DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl: DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl: DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl: DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, non-specific defects od, normal os hvf DATE_TIME: sup defect os, normal od hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: od unreliable, nonspecific defects/ os unreliable, full gonio: open 360 ou, scattered iris strands ou, repeated by me DATE_TIME \u00ff - given thick pachys and thick neuroretinal rim, would hold off treatment for now - follow up DATE_TIME, oct rnfl and hvf \u00ff 2. refractive error stable \u00ff 3. dm2 last hga1c 9.5 moderate to severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ou, od worse DATE_TIME: vitreous hemorrhage od recommend blood glucose control, follow-up with pcp (needs to find pcp) DATE_TIME: no edema ou \u00ff - follows with dr. PERSON --> last seen DATE_TIME follow-up in DATE_TIME (has appointment) \u00ff 4. cataracts, ou - not visually significant - monitor 5. PERSON ou warm compresses, lid hygiene with baby shampoo bid old chalazion rul, old pyogenic granuloma rll", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. male with ocular hypertension, borderline IOP, and no family history of glaucoma. Also has stage II lung adenocarcinoma, diabetes, and cataracts. No glaucoma treatment initiated due to factors like thick pachy and thick neuroretinal rim.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07105", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07105.jpg", "filename": "data_07105.npz", "report": "Patient advised to use artificial tears/ointments for eye irritation due to oily eyelids or dry eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "artificial tears/ointments artificial tears, which you can get without a prescription, will often help relieve eye irritation associated with oily eyelids (blepharitis) or dry eyes. you may use the drops 1-4 times a day. you can also use artificial tear ointments at bedtime. drops: any brand is okay. examples that i like include: refresh or systane ointments: any brand is okay. examples that i like include refresh pm, PERSON, or genteal", "gpt4_summary": "Patient advised to use artificial tears/ointments for eye irritation due to oily eyelids or dry eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07106", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07106.jpg", "filename": "data_07106.npz", "report": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Covid screening in progress.", "age": 47.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 47 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. lm to covid screen", "gpt4_summary": "47 y.o. white, non-hispanic male, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Covid screening in progress.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07107", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07107.jpg", "filename": "data_07107.npz", "report": "The patient has osteoporosis, malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri and left breast, hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, basal cell carcinoma, various other conditions, and a history of lumpectomy for breast cancer. No information about glaucoma.", "age": 76.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "cannot be left unattended in the exam rooms, lobbies, waiting areas or hallways. please note that a child needs supervision by an adult other than a patient when in the exam room. DATE_TIME, cnp PERSON breast center DATE_TIME 1:15 pm kristine t lo, PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus DATE_TIME 10:00 am alphonse PERSON, LOCATION for breast cancer PHONE_NUMBER follow-up return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME). orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, onh cube condition list as of DATE_TIME osteoporosis malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of left female breast hypercholesterolemia hypothyroidism carpal tunnel syndrome acquired trigger finger colon polyp arthritis history of basal cell carcinoma disorder of adrenal gland healthcare maintenance herpes simplex virus infection amaurosis fugax vaginal atrophy cataract difficulty sleeping backache left knee pain left hip pain lung nodule hilar adenopathy insomnia status post right knee replacement history of lumpectomy of left breast osteoarthritis of knee, unilateral lymphoma skin tag loss of appetite results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has osteoporosis, malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri and left breast, hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, basal cell carcinoma, various other conditions, and a history of lumpectomy for breast cancer. No information about glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07108", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07108.jpg", "filename": "data_07108.npz", "report": "The patient was advised to cease using timolol/brimonidine (Combigan) 2x/day in both eyes. Alternatives include brimonidine and alphagan. The note suggests glaucoma treatment.", "age": 49.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency PERSON (purple) stop timolol/brimonidine [combigan]** (dark blue) both eyes 2x/day 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON ** this medication is also known as combigan, and it represents a combination of timolol and brimonidine. please bring this to your next visit. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between different types of eye drops. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was advised to cease using timolol/brimonidine (Combigan) 2x/day in both eyes. Alternatives include brimonidine and alphagan. The note suggests glaucoma treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07109", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07109.jpg", "filename": "data_07109.npz", "report": "65 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup-to-disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma, occasional steroid use for rhinitis. No signs of pigment dispersion syndrome or pseudoexfoliation. Intraocular pressure normal, low suspicion for glaucoma. Has a retinal tear that has been treated by laser, cataract, and refractive error.\n", "age": 66.03, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. male # glaucoma suspect, incr cdr ou, likely physiologic - no fh glaucoma, no hx trauma, occasional steroid use (intranasal and oral) for rhinitis - no signs of pds or pxf - iop normal - low suspicion for glaucoma -cct DATE_TIME -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: normal od, nonspecific nonglaucomatous defects os -disc photos DATE_TIME >stable optic disc appearance, stable testing, low suspicion for glaucoma at this time; follow DATE_TIME # cataract ou - not visually significant # retinal tear od s/p laser in LOCATION DATE_TIME. - inferior tear with good laser at post edge of tear # b/l lattice ou s/p laser in LOCATION - stable DATE_TIME >rd warnings reviewed # pvd ou - no flashes/new floaters DATE_TIME - stable # refractive error >cont current wear rtc DATE_TIME: rnfl oct, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup-to-disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma, occasional steroid use for rhinitis. No signs of pigment dispersion syndrome or pseudoexfoliation. Intraocular pressure normal, low suspicion for glaucoma. Has a retinal tear that has been treated by laser, cataract, and refractive error.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07110", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07110.jpg", "filename": "data_07110.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The possibility of laser treatment is discussed.", "age": 86.61, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "eyes *will consider laser i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSON, LOCATION patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide information regarding the presence of glaucoma. The possibility of laser treatment is discussed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07111", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07111.jpg", "filename": "data_07111.npz", "report": "50-year-old IT professional with dry eye syndrome not responding to frequent artificial tears, glaucoma, and cataracts which are of minimal visual significance. Undertaking various treatments and monitoring symptoms.\n", "age": 50.86, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "50 m works in it, on computer DATE_TIME. with chronic subjective decreased peripheral vision and decreased vision at nigh. feels artificial tears are helpful symptomatically but not long-lasting. \u00ff # dry eye syndrome, not responding to frequent artificial tears. - start restasis 1 gtt ou bid. - continue artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid. - continue preservative-free artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). - discussed with patient additional treatments are possible if symptoms not adequately controlled. - workup for keratoconus at tolland eye care in LOCATION with normal topography (pt brought record DATE_TIME), no hx of excessive eye rubbing or allergies \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx of glaucoma in father [ cct; 564,575 [ hvf 24-2 at tolland eye care in DATE_TIME unreliable test od, non-specific defects os [ hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME: generalized depression ou, unreliable od [ DATE_TIME: wnl ou (artifacts os) [ tmax 14/14 - no intervention required at this time. pt reports he has always had trouble with the visual field test. continue to monitor (consider DATE_TIME with repeat hvf/oct). rtc DATE_TIME to re-evaluate dry eyes, sooner prn previously: # cataract, both eyes, minimal and not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff # refractive error, would like to update glasses. - rx given for new glasses. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old IT professional with dry eye syndrome not responding to frequent artificial tears, glaucoma, and cataracts which are of minimal visual significance. Undertaking various treatments and monitoring symptoms.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07112", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07112.jpg", "filename": "data_07112.npz", "report": "74-year-old white, non-hispanic male evaluated, diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 74.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 74 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. DATE_TIME screening questions", "gpt4_summary": "74-year-old white, non-hispanic male evaluated, diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07113", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07113.jpg", "filename": "data_07113.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular inflammation, stable visual acuities of OD 20/40, OS 20/20, but no glaucoma. Appears to have non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Inflammatory and infectious tests are negative.", "age": 72.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ocular inflammation. inflammatory markers were not elevated, and screening autoimmune and infectious labs were negative (including for for bartonella, lyme, syphilis, tb). the neuro-ophthalmic exam shows roughly stable visual acuities of od 20/40, os 20/20, with a right relative afferent pupillary defect and dyschromatopsia. the visual field on the right is stable, generally depressed. there initially was significant swelling of the right optic disc with hemorrhage and subretinal extension of fluid, and now this has evolved to pallor of the disc and macular exudates (with an epiretinal membrane) od. there are no cells in either the anterior chamber and vitreous DATE_TIME. oct demonstrates the atrophy of the perineural retinal nerve fiber layer; epiretinal membrane and some microcysts of inner retina make it impossible to assess gcc my overall impression remains that this likely represents non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (naion). my plan is: - no changes to current management - again discussed risk of contralateral naion, risk and symptoms of retinal detachment - previously discussed monocular precautions i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular inflammation, stable visual acuities of OD 20/40, OS 20/20, but no glaucoma. Appears to have non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Inflammatory and infectious tests are negative.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07114", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07114.jpg", "filename": "data_07114.npz", "report": "The patient has a modulating achr antibody of 15 (negative < 32%), refractive error, and experiences intermittent itching in both eyes. Recommended OTC antihistamine drop. No mention of glaucoma.\n", "age": 78.38, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "achr antibodies - modulating 15 (negative < 32%) 5. refractive error rx provided DATE_TIME as backup 6. intermittent itching sensation ou would like to try otc antihistamine drop. recommend trial of zaditor bid. m PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a modulating achr antibody of 15 (negative < 32%), refractive error, and experiences intermittent itching in both eyes. Recommended OTC antihistamine drop. No mention of glaucoma.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07115", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07115.jpg", "filename": "data_07115.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), experiencing symptoms such as binocular horizontal diplopia and headaches, which resolved after treatment with Diamox. Their OCT images and dilated fundus exam showed edematous optic nerve heads. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 33.67, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "formulation: this patient presents with a prior diagnosis of iih in the setting of binocular horizontal diplopia, presumed disc edema, elevated opening pressure on lp and normal mri brain/orbits. his symptoms have resolved since being treated with diamox which he self discontinued DATE_TIME due to side effects. notably, he has not had headaches. his afferent exam is excellent DATE_TIME with 20/20 vision ou, full color plates, no apd and full visual fields. his dilated fundus exam is notable edematous optic nerve heads ou, more obviously on the right. his efferent exam is notable for a flick et on left gaze but is otherwise unremarkable. his prior history and workup is consistent with a diagnosis of iih. his workup was complete except for an mrv to exclude thrombosis. given his improvement on medication i do not feel it is needed at this time but if he has a recurrence in his symptoms i would consider this. reassuringly, his oct images show no rnfl or gcc loss. a bscan was obtained that is pending but i do not see any evidence of drusen. i would recommend restarting the diamox at 500 mg bid. his syncopal episodes sound like a vasovagal response in the setting of anxiety given the circumstances surrounding the episodes. he denies any palpitations. he denies any incontinence with these episodes. he should still be worked up by a primary care physician to ensure he has no underlying arrhythmia. impression: 1. iih 2. syncopal episodes likely vasovagal plan: 1. oct rnfl, gcc 2. baseline fundus photos 3. restart 500 mg diamox bid 4. b scan to rule out drusen note prepared by PERSON PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), experiencing symptoms such as binocular horizontal diplopia and headaches, which resolved after treatment with Diamox. Their OCT images and dilated fundus exam showed edematous optic nerve heads. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07116", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07116.jpg", "filename": "data_07116.npz", "report": "Patient has cataract more in the right eye, retinal disorder in left eye, borderline intraocular pressure, and thick corneas potentially indicating glaucoma. Normal visual fields and retinal nerve fiber layer.", "age": 78.14, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cataract od>os pvd os cupping ou with borderline iop's, thick cct's, normal hvf and oct refr error plan: rx=m prn yrly check hvf, oct of rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataract more in the right eye, retinal disorder in left eye, borderline intraocular pressure, and thick corneas potentially indicating glaucoma. Normal visual fields and retinal nerve fiber layer.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07117", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07117.jpg", "filename": "data_07117.npz", "report": "48 year old male with primary open angle glaucoma. Mild glaucoma in right eye, severe in the left. IOP too high in left eye. Medication changes made, may need further procedures.", "age": 48.85, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / 26 central corneal thickness: 504 / 487 gonioscopy: c35f2-3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: normal retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: diffuse advanced thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: dense inferior and superior arcuate family history: brother, father steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: none assessment/plan: 48 y.o. male # primary open angle glaucoma, mild right eye, severe left eye - iop acceptable od, too high os - change lumigan to vyzulta qhs os, ok to continue PERSON timolol qam od and bid os, simbrinza bid od and tid os, rhopressa ou qhs - will consider slt os but likely needs goniotomy os, then trabeculectomy or tube shunt if pressure remains elevated - return in DATE_TIME for iop check and disc photos # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "48 year old male with primary open angle glaucoma. Mild glaucoma in right eye, severe in the left. IOP too high in left eye. Medication changes made, may need further procedures.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07118", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07118.jpg", "filename": "data_07118.npz", "report": "Patient has ESRD on dialysis, coronary artery disease, constipation, insomnia, GERD, hyperkalemia, influenza A with pneumonia, anemia, COPD, hypothyroidism, and thrombocytopenia. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 73.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "skin lesion clotted dialysis access cellulitis coronary artery disease constipation esrd (end stage renal disease) on dialysis primary insomnia gastroesophageal reflux disease without esophagitis volume overload hyperkalemia health care home, active care coordination fall memory impairment counseling regarding advanced care planning and goals of care influenza a with pneumonia complex social issues LOCATION (LOCATION elevated myocardial infarction) anemia heel lesion tenosynovitis of finger chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hypothyroidism thrombocytopenia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ESRD on dialysis, coronary artery disease, constipation, insomnia, GERD, hyperkalemia, influenza A with pneumonia, anemia, COPD, hypothyroidism, and thrombocytopenia. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07119", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07119.jpg", "filename": "data_07119.npz", "report": "The patient has a moderate risk of visual/neurological issues. Glaucoma presence isn't specified. Involved in managing the case, communicating with Dr. PERSON, and interpreting unique tests. No other details provided.", "age": 44.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.] dean PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a moderate risk of visual/neurological issues. Glaucoma presence isn't specified. Involved in managing the case, communicating with Dr. PERSON, and interpreting unique tests. No other details provided.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07120", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07120.jpg", "filename": "data_07120.npz", "report": "35-year-old obese woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has stable headaches and mild papilledema in both eyes, indicating decreased ocular pressure. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 35.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "from normal field to <0 at only most peripheral points -DATE_TIME automated perimetry 24-2 fast reliable both eyes, stable bse both eyes - DATE_TIME hvf 24-2 fast reliable ou, mild bse ou formulation: this 35-year-old obese woman follows-up for evaluation of iih, diagnosed elsewhere in DATE_TIME. she was on acetazolamide, which was stopped when she became pregnant in DATE_TIME. her headaches are stable without any other complaints definitely referable to elevated icp and her exam reveals normal afferent function save for stable trace blind spot enlargement (and rim artifact os TODAY) due to stable frisen 2 papilledema both eyes. though she has 2 small subretinal peripapillary hemorrhages od, the extent of her papilledema has decreased dramatically in each eye, as measured by optical coherence tomography. overall, she has mild idiopathic intracranial hypertension and prefers to continue off of acetazolamide, which she had trouble tolerating. i think this is reasonable with close surveillance since her papilledema has improved markedly and since she is able to begin exercising. i will see her back in 3 MONTHS, sooner prn worsening symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension which we reviewed DATE_TIME. impressions: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosed elsewhere DATE_TIME. obesity recommendations 1. continue healthy eating and exercise for weight loss 2. f/u here DATE_TIME. defer acetazolamide for the moment PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology DATE_TIME spent in the care of this patient DATE_TIME, including documentation and paperwork brought by patient", "gpt4_summary": "35-year-old obese woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has stable headaches and mild papilledema in both eyes, indicating decreased ocular pressure. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07121", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07121.jpg", "filename": "data_07121.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and is on latanoprost, which is controlling their intraocular pressure (IOP) well. Visual field and RNFL are stable.", "age": 69.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: pciol ou hx ntg, on DATE_TIME latanoprost ou --iop well-controlled --normal hvf and borderline rnfl DATE_TIME (stable); cct DATE_TIME refr error plan: cpm rx=m prn 6 mo--iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and is on latanoprost, which is controlling their intraocular pressure (IOP) well. Visual field and RNFL are stable.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07122", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07122.jpg", "filename": "data_07122.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to family history and optic nerve head asymmetry. IOP is acceptable but some superior thinning is present in left eye. Also noted are early cataracts, dry eyes and mild presbyopia.", "age": 61.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending assessment/plan - glaucoma suspect on the basis of a ++family history (mother going blind) and optic nerve head asymmetry. iop's acceptable DATE_TIME. - cct 599/ 596 -past rnfl testing defects os do not correlate with on appearance, gdx DATE_TIME: normal od; ? of superior thinning os and oct normal od; ? borderline superonasal thin os -hvf 5/11: reliable ou, full ou ?-dp 5/11: unchanged plan: cpm without LOCATION. rec DATE_TIME exam. - note to PERSON will do hvf os first then od next time. ? - mild presbyopia - rec continue otc readers. ? - early cataracts, mild, causing some glare at DATE_TIME. plan: monitor. - dry eyes plan: art tears and warm compresses ? return DATE_TIME with iop check and dp's. guy PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to family history and optic nerve head asymmetry. IOP is acceptable but some superior thinning is present in left eye. Also noted are early cataracts, dry eyes and mild presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07123", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07123.jpg", "filename": "data_07123.npz", "report": "The patient exhibits superotemporal disc pallor OD suggestive of optic neuropathy, which is atypical for glaucoma. An MRI and FTA were recommended for further diagnosis.", "age": 38.11, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "superotemporal disc pallor od. he has not had any imaging or lab work-up for this. i agree with dr. PERSON that this is atypical for glaucoma in terms of the disc appearance (pale rim, slightly h>v cup) and the presence of an rapd. i will obtain an mri orbit PERSON and fta. PERSON of prior trauma is possible, either in DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME. he has not had irradiaton to the head or events reminiscent of optic neuritis. it is possible he has a congenital abnormality (though not clearly classic with a pit) and did not notice the defect prior to DATE_TIME. impressions: 1. cupped optic neuropathy od, atypical for glaucoma - ? residua of trauma in DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME vs neoplasm vs congenital recommendations 1. PERSON. fta-abs 3. f/u here ~6 mo, sooner prn PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology DATE_TIME spent in the care of this patient", "gpt4_summary": "The patient exhibits superotemporal disc pallor OD suggestive of optic neuropathy, which is atypical for glaucoma. An MRI and FTA were recommended for further diagnosis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07124", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07124.jpg", "filename": "data_07124.npz", "report": "The patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye, with intraocular pressure above the desired goal and possible progression. Therapy has been escalated and incisional surgery could be considered. They were advised to adhere to medications.", "age": 70.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given severe glaucoma od with iop above goal od with possible progression on hvf od, i escalated therapy as above. if we decide for incisional surgery, i'd proceed with bgi od versus NRP gel stent od. we discussed pros/cons in detail. -rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check ou, LOCATION, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop at goal on current regimen and hvf od stable, observe. if iop above goal and/or progression od, bgi od versus NRP gel stent od. if close to goal od, consider vyzulta. if above goal os, add PERSON to os. totally ok to follow-up with dr. PERSON. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye, with intraocular pressure above the desired goal and possible progression. Therapy has been escalated and incisional surgery could be considered. They were advised to adhere to medications.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07125", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07125.jpg", "filename": "data_07125.npz", "report": "Alice C Bell has moderate visual impairment in both eyes with decreased contrast sensitivity. She was prescribed polycarbonate / a/r for hyperopia astigmatism. She uses hearing aids, a walker, and lives with her daughter. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 83.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment and plan alice c bell has moderate visual impairment in the right eye and moderate visual impairment in the left eye. she has decreased contrast sensitivity in both eyes. she has two hearing aides. she had previous appointment DATE_TIME with PERSON md neuro oph Institution and her eyes are dilated. rxdx polycarbonate / a/r was given. compound hyperopia astigmatism against the rule. she does not like to read since her stroke >DATE_TIME. she is not interested in reading glasses at this time. discussed using a goose neck lamp. discussed contrast using different plates for foods. felt tip pen may be beneficial. near glasses may be beneficial for seeing the numbers on the land line telephone. she does watch tv. she denies falls. she uses a walker all the time. her daughter sets up her medications in a pill box organizer. she has difficulty going downstairs. she lives with her daughter. a handout on suggestions for low vision adaptation was given. discussed using glasses for near to be able to see photos, food, magazines, medications. continue manage care. follow up if she would like to have near glasses / DATE_TIME. answered all questions. over 50% of DATE_TIME face to face time with this patient was spent discussing topics outlined in discussed with patient section, summary, assessment and plan", "gpt4_summary": "Alice C Bell has moderate visual impairment in both eyes with decreased contrast sensitivity. She was prescribed polycarbonate / a/r for hyperopia astigmatism. She uses hearing aids, a walker, and lives with her daughter. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07126", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07126.jpg", "filename": "data_07126.npz", "report": "Male patient with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), first diagnosed at an unspecified date. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is 19/24. There's thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Patient was advised to switch to latanoprost but hasn't yet. Also recommended to avoid steroid injections. Patient has pre-diabetes. Follow-up with glaucoma team is advised.", "age": 68.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male oag first diagnosis was in DATE_TIME +apd iop 19/24, tcorr -3, -4 oct rnfl PERSON, thin os. slight thin PERSON, thin gcl os hvf PERSON, pt reports in DATE_TIME his iop was DATE_TIME was prescribed PERSON ou qhs in DATE_TIME by outside LOCATION reports md was going to switch to latanoprost but has not pick up yet pt informed to be very wary of steroid injections recommend to get notes refer to glaucoma team ?PERSON vs brvo s/p avastin injection os ever DATE_TIME per patient pre-diabetes no bdr seen on exam. strict blood sugar control, cholesterol and bp encouraged. recommend DATE_TIME eye exams. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.0 (h) 4.3 - 5.6 % final f/u with glaucoma team, m", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), first diagnosed at an unspecified date. Current intraocular pressure (IOP) is 19/24. There's thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Patient was advised to switch to latanoprost but hasn't yet. Also recommended to avoid steroid injections. Patient has pre-diabetes. Follow-up with glaucoma team is advised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07127", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07127.jpg", "filename": "data_07127.npz", "report": "Patient has steroid induced glaucoma, treated medically with positive response to brimonidine. Also has Fuch's disease and pseudophakia. Family history of Fuch's and glaucoma.", "age": 71.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. vu on DATE_TIME. steroid response noted first in DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME, treated medically. diagnosis: steroid induced glaucoma target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 499 / 482 gonioscopy: open refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): superior/inferior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): inferior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): early superior arcuate visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): superior arcuate medication history at first visit: LOCATION, brimonidine medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: dmek, ceiol other eye procedures left eye: dmek, ceiol other eye problems right eye: fuchs other eye problems left eye: fuchs family history: father had fuchs and pxg steroids: topical steroid trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. steroid induced glaucoma, moderate stage os>od -father has pxg, but no evidence of pxf in patient -good response to brimonidine -set target at DATE_TIME, but may need lower 2. fuchs s/p dmek triple -doing well -thin cct 3. pseudophakia ou -stable 4. pvd ou -rd precautions reviewed \u00ff 5. des/mgd ou plan: -continue cosopt 2/2, brimonidine 2/2 rtc in DATE_TIME for an iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has steroid induced glaucoma, treated medically with positive response to brimonidine. Also has Fuch's disease and pseudophakia. Family history of Fuch's and glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07128", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07128.jpg", "filename": "data_07128.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, with c/d ratio of 0.75 and 0.7. Significant macular edema noted in both eyes, along with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma medication intolerances, no family history.", "age": 31.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "fundus exam right left vitreous normal normal disc cupping, no notch/heme cupping, no notch/heme c/d ratio 0.75 0.7 macula significant macular edema, exudates, dbh/ma significant macular edema, exudates, dbh/ma vessels normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right -1.00 -0.25 089 left DATE_TIME -0.75 129 age: ~1 year type: svdistance assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON, switched due to insurance) glaucoma medication intolerances: no target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 26 / 29 central corneal thickness: 633 / 653 gonioscopy: PERSON 3+ ou, no nva retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior > inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/temporal and borderline inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: grossly full visual fields, left eye: grossly full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm1 assessment/plan: 31 y.o. male referred by dr. roh # ocular hypertension, both eyes - iop too high ou on no medications, hasn't taken timolol in DATE_TIME - start dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, disc photos # nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, both eyes - s/p multiple anti-vegf ou - following with dr. PERSON, last seen DATE_TIME but will see DATE_TIME PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular hypertension in both eyes, with c/d ratio of 0.75 and 0.7. Significant macular edema noted in both eyes, along with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. No glaucoma medication intolerances, no family history.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07129", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07129.jpg", "filename": "data_07129.npz", "report": "The patient's exam results were normal with no evidence of visual loss, glaucoma, or other abnormalities. They have vitreous syneresis and mild cataracts in both eyes. Follow-up advised.", "age": 33.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pattern standard deviation (os) - left eye 1.43 db hvf pattern standard deviation (od) - right eye 1.63 db right eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -0.42 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 1.63 db db. interpretation of the testing revealed: normal observations. left eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -0.59 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 1.43 db db. interpretation of the testing revealed: normal observations. oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; gcc, rnfl normal prnfl thicknesses ou (avg 107 microns od and 101 microns os) normal macular gcipl thicknesses ou (avg thickness 94 PERSON and 94 microns os) normal macular b-scans ou. color fundus photography - ou - both eyes od: normal disc, macula, and vessels os: normal disc, macula, and vessels ? impression: mr. PERSON has a normal neuro-ophthlamic exam without evidence of visual loss. fundus examination and oct of the optic nerve (macular gcipl analysis and PERSON) and retina were normal. i reassured him that his examination is normal. his symptoms are likely PERSON visual phenomena, meaning normal visual phenomena cause by irregularities in the optical media of the eyes, which could include the vitreous or lens. he has vitreous syneresis ou and very mild cataracts ou with some mild spoking pattern. recommendations: 1. follow up with ophthalmologist for DATE_TIME eye exams ? ? PERSON, LOCATION ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's exam results were normal with no evidence of visual loss, glaucoma, or other abnormalities. They have vitreous syneresis and mild cataracts in both eyes. Follow-up advised.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07130", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07130.jpg", "filename": "data_07130.npz", "report": "The patient is a 61-year-old white, non-Hispanic female. She has not been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 61.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 61-year-old white, non-Hispanic female. She has not been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07131", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07131.jpg", "filename": "data_07131.npz", "report": "Patient has severe chronic angle closure glaucoma OD, and is a primary angle closure suspect. Mother had glaucoma. Moderate IOP spike noted. Also has cortical cataracts. Undergoing treatment, monitoring necessary.", "age": 68.37, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. severe chronic angle closure glaucoma od / primary angle closure suspect PERSON (23/28); cct (517 ou); PERSON glaucoma (mother) - s/p lpi ou (with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME) - gonio: open ou with scattered pas od>>os; has moderate iop spike after PERSON (23 od and 18 os) - oct-rnfl (62/87) inf, temp, and sup thinning od; PERSON with stable sup arcuate od; full os - ubm (DATE_TIME) = no cb masses, large cb processes, closing sulcus - followed at harvard vanguard with dr. PERSON previously and referred for progression od (cdr in DATE_TIME was 0.55 --> 0.8 in DATE_TIME) with iop high DATE_TIME od - tg <= 14 od; <= 18 os - stable iop and hvf DATE_TIME; borderline iop in os but no gross change on hvf or oct - cont LOCATION bid od - cont latanoprost qhs od - monitor os closely but patient made aware that it is likely os will require treatment in the future \u00ff 2. cortical cataracts ou - some night glare only but otherwise not visually significant - dilates well to 7 mm - likely phacomorphic contribution to narrowing of the angle with closed sulcus. (ubm: large cb processes, closing LOCATION) - ce/ecp od discussed previously with PERSON PERSON and defers surgery at this time - follow for now \u00ff 3. myopia ou - continue current rx - possible anisometropia issues after future LOCATION discussed previously with dr. PERSON \u00ff social/systemic: asa 81 mg cc. dr. PERSON (harvard vanguard) and dr. PERSON (pcp) rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe chronic angle closure glaucoma OD, and is a primary angle closure suspect. Mother had glaucoma. Moderate IOP spike noted. Also has cortical cataracts. Undergoing treatment, monitoring necessary.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07132", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07132.jpg", "filename": "data_07132.npz", "report": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without glaucoma. Has upcoming appointments in glaucoma clinic and with doctor.", "age": 61.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. PERSON last dilated exam: DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME NRP, humphrey visual field 24-2c faster, octrfnl, keep appointment with dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. white, non-hispanic female without glaucoma. Has upcoming appointments in glaucoma clinic and with doctor.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07133", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07133.jpg", "filename": "data_07133.npz", "report": "65-year-old female post-phacoemulsification/ posterior chamber intraocular lens, has early posterior capsule opacification, non-vision impacting cataract, dry eye, and suspected glaucoma due to differing cup-to-disc ratios. Also has early dry AMD and choroidal nevus.", "age": 65.32, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female \u00ff # s/p phaco/pciol with PERSONIME -doing well -early pco, not yet affective vision >mrx given # cataract os -not visually significant >monitor # dry eye >at prn # glaucoma suspect based on cdr asymmetry od>os tmax 18 ou fhx negative cct sl thin ou (s/PERSON) hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: borderline sup and PERSON, inf thinning os (stable ou) dp stable c/w 2010 iop stable ou # early dry armd os>od >baseline mac oct >green leafy vegetables, heart healthy diet \u00ff # s/PERSON 2006 (PERSON). stable. observe. \u00ff\u00ff # choroidal nevus os, stable, observe \u00ff # posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. f/u DATE_TIME: coe, hvf, oct rnfl/mac", "gpt4_summary": "65-year-old female post-phacoemulsification/ posterior chamber intraocular lens, has early posterior capsule opacification, non-vision impacting cataract, dry eye, and suspected glaucoma due to differing cup-to-disc ratios. Also has early dry AMD and choroidal nevus.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07134", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07134.jpg", "filename": "data_07134.npz", "report": "65-year-old patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and increased c/d ratio, shows no history of glaucoma. However, severe thinning identified in recent scans and was referred to glaucoma treatment.", "age": 65.46, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 yo patient last seen by me DATE_TIME; \u00ff 1. proliferative diabetic retinopathy os 2. severe npdr od -last a1c 10.1, patient is on metformin, farxiga, and PERSON. has endocrinologist. encouraged strict glucose control -oct mac with irf ou DATE_TIME - follow up dr. PERSON with injections as needed-- next visit DATE_TIME. increased c/d ratio ou -no hx of glaucoma or fhx of glaucoma -deep cup with thin rim ou -iop DATE_TIME, 17 today - cct 509, 522; iop may be slightly higher than measured - gonio: -oct nerve 6/21: with severe thinning superiorly ou, gcc with severe thinning superiorly ou and inferiorly od - rnfl DATE_TIME: with severe thinning superiorly ou, gcc with severe thinning 360 ou and inferiorly od -hvf DATE_TIME: inferior altitudinal defect od; PERSON defect os - hvf DATE_TIME: od unreliable with 4/11 fixation losses, inferior altitudinal defect, os with inferonasal defect-- consistent from prior - disc photos DATE_TIME: c/d appears closer to 0.5 od and 0.6 os; od normal vessels and surrounding retinal tissue with dbh nasally; os poor view due to media/focus - refer to glaucoma; pt anxious to begin treating immediately so will also start on xalatan qhs ou DATE_TIME \u00ff 4. pciol ou -performed DATE_TIME in LOCATION, LOCATION without correction at distance -patient should use +2.75 otc readers or fill mrx given DATE_TIME \u00ff 5. pvd ou -rd precautions discussed \u00ff plan -followup with retina DATE_TIME as planned - refer to glaucoma - followup with me DATE_TIME as needed \u00ff _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "65-year-old patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and increased c/d ratio, shows no history of glaucoma. However, severe thinning identified in recent scans and was referred to glaucoma treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07135", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07135.jpg", "filename": "data_07135.npz", "report": "59 y.o. female has narrow angle but not occludable glaucoma, borderline sup thinning, normal hvf, conductive keratoplasty, lasik, refractive error, and dry eye syndrome.", "age": 59.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "59 y.o. female presents for comprehensive eye exam. last seen by me DATE_TIME. 1. narrow angle ou - iop DATE_TIME: 13/14 angle narrow but not occludable monitor DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning os hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou pachy 573/561: true iop same or a little lower than measured 2. s/p conductive keratoplasty in os, followed by lasik os 3. refractive error did not like progressive glasses prefers no glasses for distance and prescription reading glasses 4. dry eye syndrome use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye follow-up in DATE_TIME for dilated exam after gonioscopy, or sooner prn. the above note was recorded by PERSON brewer as a scribe for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME). i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "59 y.o. female has narrow angle but not occludable glaucoma, borderline sup thinning, normal hvf, conductive keratoplasty, lasik, refractive error, and dry eye syndrome.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07136", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07136.jpg", "filename": "data_07136.npz", "report": "The patient has borderline open angle findings and low glaucoma risk in both eyes. Other conditions noted are anxiety, depressive disorder, melanocytic nevus of skin, and choroidal nevus.", "age": 33.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON orthopedics at faulkner 617-983-7202 DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION community physicians at west roxbury PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology condition list as of DATE_TIME anxiety depressive disorder melanocytic nevus of skin open angle with borderline findings and low glaucoma risk in both eyes choroidal nevus results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has borderline open angle findings and low glaucoma risk in both eyes. Other conditions noted are anxiety, depressive disorder, melanocytic nevus of skin, and choroidal nevus.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07137", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07137.jpg", "filename": "data_07137.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and may require a mix of procedures for treatment. This includes tube movement to pars plana, repeated posterior vitreous detachment, intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema, and a sutured intraocular lens. Additionally, an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant was inserted inferonasally pars plana with a long tube.", "age": 29.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "timolol bid od and PERSON (maybe even ou for ease and stop cosopt). -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -long discussion with patient and her mother on DATE_TIME: patient likely needs combo of tube movement to pars plana, repeat ppv to ensure no vitreous will clog the tube, intravitreal injection for persistent cme, sutured iol, and ?PERSON could/should we stage procedures with ppv/ivi/tube movement first, and then sutured iol/dsaek od? tough case. i am also confused as to why dr. PERSON left ripcord suture in place when she required cpc od for iop control. i may consider removing ripcord when placing pars plana. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given PERSON of LOCATION, iop above goal od, intolerance to diamox, we proceeded with an ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant inferonasally pars plana with long tube on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, oct rnfl/gcc od, and disc photos ou (ok to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner prn. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and may require a mix of procedures for treatment. This includes tube movement to pars plana, repeated posterior vitreous detachment, intravitreal injection for persistent cystoid macular edema, and a sutured intraocular lens. Additionally, an Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implant was inserted inferonasally pars plana with a long tube.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07138", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07138.jpg", "filename": "data_07138.npz", "report": "Clinical note mentions a high to moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity due to unspecified diagnoses. Regular check-ups and follow-ups with neurology are advised. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 35.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "oct of the macula in DATE_TIME, or sooner if new visual concerns arise 3. follow up with neurology as scheduled this note was written with assistance from LOCATION. PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology resident . PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note mentions a high to moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity due to unspecified diagnoses. Regular check-ups and follow-ups with neurology are advised. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07139", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07139.jpg", "filename": "data_07139.npz", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes with loss of central vision in the left eye. There's subjective worsening in the right eye despite intraocular pressure (IOP) in low teens. Considering their progression at low IOP, options for treatment could include low dose Diamox or micropulse diode laser.", "age": 73.91, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# severe poag ou , here for second opinion on progressive advanced glaucoma ; followed by PERSON PERSON s/PERSON ; os no central vision small island remaining PERSON has been in 11-13 range od but with subjective worsening (no vf available to assess for objective worsening) arrives on rhopressa and alphagan ; tried dorz and stopped ; has not previously tried prostaglandins? eval by neuro-oph unrevealing not high myope # h/o rd os, s/p cryo , laser in DATE_TIME ( no ppv) PERSON laser retinopexy # brao od with holenhorst plaque - w/u done at cole eye # erm os plan: advanced poag ou with loss of central vision os and subjective worsening od despite iop in low teens risk of incisional surgery is high discussed with patient he may need iop in single digits -- this may be achieved with low dose diamox 250 bid as long as no other counter indications or micropulse diode laser ; additionally drops are less likely to be effective additionally, given progression at low iop, would recommend ambulatory bp monitor, especially at DATE_TIME and adjustment of bp meds if hypotensive at DATE_TIME by pcp - patient will discuss with PERSON i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in both eyes with loss of central vision in the left eye. There's subjective worsening in the right eye despite intraocular pressure (IOP) in low teens. Considering their progression at low IOP, options for treatment could include low dose Diamox or micropulse diode laser.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07140", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07140.jpg", "filename": "data_07140.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The person shows no glaucoma medication intolerances. There's no thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. IOP in the left eye runs higher. Lattice degeneration in both eyes is noted.", "age": 46.83, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 / 23 central corneal thickness: 613 / 620 gonioscopy: d40f tr ou, no recession os retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning, nasally shifted inf peak visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: paternal grandmother and great grandmother steroids: none trauma: baseball blunt trauma os (DATE_TIME) asthma/copd: albuterol as needed other medical history and problems: migraine, dm assessment/plan: 46 y.o. female van driver # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - history of trauma os but no angle recession, thick corneas - rnfl may be progressing in LOCATION DATE_TIME vs DATE_TIME, iop os tends to run higher than PERSON acceptable ou for now - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf, oct, refract if wishes (if not already done with dr. PERSON) # lattice degeneration, both eyes - s/p laser retinopexy os (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) - next appointment due with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. The person shows no glaucoma medication intolerances. There's no thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. IOP in the left eye runs higher. Lattice degeneration in both eyes is noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07141", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07141.jpg", "filename": "data_07141.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataract in both eyes, possible glaucoma suggested due to cupping. Optical tests normal. Yearly prescription offered.", "age": 76.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: mild cataract ou (pt more aware) cupping os>od; PERSON, susp for glaucoma, but normal hvf and oct of rnfl DATE_TIME; PERSON refr error plan: yrly rx=m offered repeat hvf and oct of rnfl at DATE_TIME visit", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataract in both eyes, possible glaucoma suggested due to cupping. Optical tests normal. Yearly prescription offered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07142", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07142.jpg", "filename": "data_07142.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, stable intraocular pressure with medication, timolol. Has stable to improved eye visual field, retinal thinning, and high myopia. New retinal hemorrhage found, and retinal hole. Noted macular edema and a full-thickness macular hole developed.", "age": 71.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "restart timolol bid ou. >> DATE_TIME: iop 22/18 back on timolol, hvf defects stable to improved ou, oct rnfl with stable s/i thinning ou. continue on timolol. >> DATE_TIME: overall stable testing, will continue t1/2 ou bid \u00ff 4. s/p sb/ppv/mp/el/sf6 od DATE_TIME for asymptomatic mac-on rd and erm (dr. PERSON) -new retinal hemorrhage 9:00 periphery DATE_TIME (posterior to buckle), no associated tear/rd, no new sx (has baseline photopsias since PERSON) PERSONME: new lamellar hole od -DATE_TIME: new cme od with small amt srf. no 20/40 with metamorphopsia >> started pf, ketorolac -DATE_TIME: now ftmh. iop to 21 on PERSON despite t1/2 ou bid >> pf tapered. added PERSON/ilm peel/sf6 od DATE_TIME for ftmh (LOCATION/PERSON) >> saw dr. URLm in f/u DATE_TIME, to f/u 6 mo \u00ff 5. high myopia ou with lattice ou and hsts ou s/p treatment for retinal tears ou (LOCATION eye DATE_TIME) -reports significant sx, od >os, bleeding and extensive laser -sees dr. PERSON for rgps and glasses \u00ff 6. erm os -under observation with dr. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, stable intraocular pressure with medication, timolol. Has stable to improved eye visual field, retinal thinning, and high myopia. New retinal hemorrhage found, and retinal hole. Noted macular edema and a full-thickness macular hole developed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07143", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07143.jpg", "filename": "data_07143.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle vision problems with high glaucoma risk in both eyes, based on cup-disc ratio. No treatment for intraocular pressure currently required.", "age": 53.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems open angle with borderline findings and high glaucoma risk in both eyes overview open angle glaucoma suspect based on cup-disc ratio both eyes. target iop: DATE_TIME; tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 549 / 550; ch: / refractive error: od +3.25 . -3.25 x 164 / os +3.50 . -4.00 x 005 optic nerve structure and function: normal visual field as of DATE_TIME. increased cup-disc ratio both eyes. imaging quality is poor. medications and intolerances: none procedures and complications: none relevant history and problems: nystagmus current assessment & plan no intraocular pressure treatment now. other resolved: macrocytosis overview med related to azathioprine resolved: family history of blood clots other visit diagnoses glaucoma suspect of both eyes relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc (completed) return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for visual field, optic nerve imaging (oct), dilation, 2) schedule optometry for refraction, contacts.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle vision problems with high glaucoma risk in both eyes, based on cup-disc ratio. No treatment for intraocular pressure currently required.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07144", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07144.jpg", "filename": "data_07144.npz", "report": "Patient post orbital decompression with mild exodeviation, glaucoma suspected in left eye, stable testing. Dryness and drusen present, refractive error, treatment planned.", "age": 84.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: s/p orb decompr ou mild exodeviation pciol with pco od; s/p yag os glaucoma suspect; stable testing DATE_TIME dry PERSON; drusen os>od refr error plan: rx=m prn offered right yag pc symptomatic posterior capsule opacity od --yag laser capsulotomy od --procedure, alternatives, risks, benefits discussed and wishes to proceed understands limited potential with amd", "gpt4_summary": "Patient post orbital decompression with mild exodeviation, glaucoma suspected in left eye, stable testing. Dryness and drusen present, refractive error, treatment planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07145", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07145.jpg", "filename": "data_07145.npz", "report": "Patient has cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm, stopped taking Cosopt. Recommended continued management of vascular rf, prefers to defer retina referral. Has blepharitis, refractive error, unclear cataract significance due to glaucoma/optic nerve pathology, resolved retinal heme, dry amd drusen. Recommended follow up.", "age": 88.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm which is now followed by dr. PERSON from neurosurgery \u00ff cosopt was stopped last time rec: - continue management of vascular rf - offered referral to retina in the past, but she prefers to defer this for now \u00ff 3. blepharitis warm compresses, lid hygiene with baby shampoo bid, use at prn for symptoms of dry eye. \u00ff\u00ff 4. refractive error: rx provided \u00ff\u00ff 5. cataract od unclear visual significance given glaucoma/optic nerve pathology od myopic shift \u00ff 6. retinal heme od (old finding) resolved discharged from retina service \u00ff 7. dry amd drusen ou with PERSON's. likely explanation for decreased acuity os. recommend ared's, amsler patient prefers to follow with cos in DATE_TIME prior to retina referral \u00ff\u00ff follow up in DATE_TIME refer to low vision\u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm, stopped taking Cosopt. Recommended continued management of vascular rf, prefers to defer retina referral. Has blepharitis, refractive error, unclear cataract significance due to glaucoma/optic nerve pathology, resolved retinal heme, dry amd drusen. Recommended follow up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07146", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07146.jpg", "filename": "data_07146.npz", "report": "The patient underwent neurosurgery for right flank pain. An upcoming follow-up brain MRI is scheduled. Her medical condition and care coordination were discussed. Glaucoma was not mentioned.", "age": 28.8, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "neurosurgery for the pain in her right flank - follow up brain mri for PERSON at the latest in DATE_TIME i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent neurosurgery for right flank pain. An upcoming follow-up brain MRI is scheduled. Her medical condition and care coordination were discussed. Glaucoma was not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07147", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07147.jpg", "filename": "data_07147.npz", "report": "Patient, 80, has history of various conditions including open-angle glaucoma. Left eye is more affected than right. He also has blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, insignificant cataracts in both eyes, minimal refractive error, and peripapillary choroidal neovascularization in right eye. Symptoms are managed.", "age": 80.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 m hx htn, hld, cad, cll, on apixaban \u00ff # open-angle glaucoma, left > right eye, on PERSON and travoprost [ fhx: no [ cct: 564,561 [ tmax 22,22 (but pt recalls high DATE_TIME previous to available records) [ gonio 5/2018: open to cbb ou [ oct 11/2018: PERSON, thinning sup-temp os (stable) [ hvf 11/2018: gen depression od, PERSON and PERSON defect os (decreased reliability ou DATE_TIME with generalized depression) - iop acceptable at this time - continue combigan ou bid and travoprost ou qhs \u00ff\u00ff # blepharitis, both eyes. overall pt feels that his symptoms are controlled. - continue warm compresses and eyelid hygiene twice daily. - discussed often chronic nature of condition. # dry eye syndrome, mild. - continue preservative-free artificial tears ou qid - start artificial tears ointment ou qhs for symptoms of dryness a - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). - discussed with patient additional treatments are possible if symptoms not adequately controlled. \u00ff\u00ff # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff\u00ff # peripapillary choroidal neovascularization, right eye, s/p ranibizumab injections and focal laser. no hemorrhage seen DATE_TIME. - f/u as scheduled with PERSON \u00ff\u00ff # refractive error, minimal change from previous. - rx given for new glasses to fill as needed, per pt request. rtc DATE_TIME with hvf/oct, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 80, has history of various conditions including open-angle glaucoma. Left eye is more affected than right. He also has blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, insignificant cataracts in both eyes, minimal refractive error, and peripapillary choroidal neovascularization in right eye. Symptoms are managed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07148", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07148.jpg", "filename": "data_07148.npz", "report": "73-year-old female patient with condition including glaucoma. Suspicion of glaucoma is confirmed by normal OCT nerve study and an HVF study showing some defects. She also has mild dry eyes, diabetes, pterygium and PVD.", "age": 73.25, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 y.o. female with hld, t2dm, ckd # s/p phaco/pciol with PERSON s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME -s/p yag capsulotomy od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME >mrx given DATE_TIME # dry eyes ou >preservative free at qid >at gel or ung qhs + prn during DATE_TIME >wc bid >omega 3 fa >continue restasis bid ou # type 2 diabetes, insulin-dependent with mild PERSON ou >importance of blood pressure, glucose, and lipid control emphasized with patient >cont bg management per pcp/endo \u00ff # pterygium ou - history of pterygium excision os in LOCATION DATE_TIME with recurrence - not currently extending into central visual axis but feels it is becoming more irritated. >otc ketotifen bid prn >sunglasses for uv protection >consider pterygium excision + mmc -- patient elects to monitor at this time. # glaucoma suspect -pachy: 547/545 -oct nerve DATE_TIME: normal ou DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: od unreliable, full; os sa changes (stable) DATE_TIME: od borderline reliable with scattered non-specific defects, os inferior paracentral defect #pvd ou - no retinal breaks on dfe, shafer negative > rd precautions rtc DATE_TIME with coe, hvf, oct k ma pgy4 attending addendum: i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "73-year-old female patient with condition including glaucoma. Suspicion of glaucoma is confirmed by normal OCT nerve study and an HVF study showing some defects. She also has mild dry eyes, diabetes, pterygium and PVD.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07149", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07149.jpg", "filename": "data_07149.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, mild in left. Underwent laser trabeculoplasty on both eyes. No contraindications to beta blocker or Alphagan. Recurrent disc hemorrhage in right eye but intraocular pressure (IOP) good. Dry eyes managed with artificial tears. Underwent pseudophakia and retinal detachment repair. On Cosopt, Travatan and Alphagan. IOP goal is 10 or less in right eye, and below 16 in left.", "age": 64.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma moderate stage od and mild stage os s/p ltp od DATE_TIME, inferior alt os DATE_TIME. - tmax DATE_TIME's ou; cct 570/560 - no known contraindication to beta blocker use or alphagan but i don't have old records. - pt with recurrent disc heme od despite iop =12 mm hg. iop good and no disc heme od -iop broderline and concern for vf progession vs ltf - pt adherent to meds. - iop at goal - iop target od diagnosed DATE_TIME during routine eye exam +fhx: sister (blind from ?glaucoma) +steroids: fluticasone inhaler for asthma, long term no trauma cct: 514/488 tmax: per patient, tmax 15/15 gonio: open ou scattered iris processes os procedures/lasers: slt ou (DATE_TIME) medications: started drops on DATE_TIME with iop 15/15 brimonidine tid ou dorzolamide tid ou rhopressa qd ou latanoprost qhs ou testing: DATE_TIME hvf 24-2: inferior arcuate and superior temporal defect od, superior altitudinal and inferior arcuate defects os DATE_TIME oct rnfl: severe diffuse thinning ou DATE_TIME after slt ou and maximal topical therapy iop is now 4/5 discussed iop low now, may not need to be this low. pt unhappy with injection from rhopressa. ok to stop rhopressa and monitor iop. also change tid dosing of brim and PERSON to bid dosing for ease of use and again, may not need iop this low. we will monitor iop and add back meds as needed. plan: - stop rhopressa - use brimonidine bid ou - use dorzolamide bid ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou pt wishes to change care to here rtc DATE_TIME iop check---dfe", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, Verna M Green, has advanced open-angle glaucoma, more severe in the left eye. Family history includes a possibly blind sister due to glaucoma. Current treatment includes steroids for asthma and multiple eye drops for glaucoma. After some treatments, glaucoma seems under control. The patient is advised to modify dosage and stop taking Rhopressa.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07161", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07161.jpg", "filename": "data_07161.npz", "report": "The patient has optic neuropathy, possible old NAION, and bilateral pseudophakia. She suffers from eye discomfort with brimonidine, latanoprost use. No evidence of glaucoma noted.", "age": 80.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient reports no change in vision but considerable discomfort when using eye drops (brimonidine and latonoprost). she has not taken artificial tear drops. i reviewed the mri scan, which showed increased t2 signal od but no offending lesions. my exam showed definite periorbital erythema. the intraocular pressure remains in the mid-teens, as it has been for some time. her visual field performance showed much better performance os, similar to DATE_TIME, although with a moderate number of technical (false negative) errors. i recommended that she stop both eye drops. i also recommended that after DATE_TIME, that she begin to use refresh drops, with some regularity during DATE_TIME, in an attempt to obtain some relief of symptoms. this patient clearly has an optic neuropathy od. the etiology of the neuropathy is not clear, but presently there is no evidence of progression, either by my exams or by history. in the absence of recorded progression, perhaps this represents an attack of naion. impression: 1. progressive optic neuropathy od, possible old naion 2. bilateral pseudophakia 3. ocular surface symptoms, moderate recommendations: 1. discontinue brimonidine and latonprost 2. in DATE_TIME, begin refresh eye drops if she continues to have external symptoms 3. return to see me in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has optic neuropathy, possible old NAION, and bilateral pseudophakia. She suffers from eye discomfort with brimonidine, latanoprost use. No evidence of glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07162", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07162.jpg", "filename": "data_07162.npz", "report": "46M with hypertensive retinopathy and suspected glaucoma due to elevated blood pressure (reported as nearly 297/190). Race also a risk. GCL thin OS>OD. Hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia.", "age": 46.24, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "46m referred by pcp for elevated blood pressure. last eye exam >DATE_TIME. hypertensive retinopathy and glaucoma suspect glaucoma risks include: elevated bp (pt reports 'almost 297/190'), race pt reports bp has not been in control for DATE_TIME pt feeling sick and experiencing emesis due to his bp, he saw the ed pt unsure of PERSON oct rnfl normal ou. gcl thin os > od. see PERSON nonspecific nasal changes od, watch superior and inferior os. referral to retina hyperopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou c/o blurry vision -- at near for DATE_TIME distance vision has been fine pinguecula ou advised at's prn and uv protection observe cws ou on disc and macula hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 4.5 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. referral to retina in DATE_TIME for hypertensive retinopathy eval", "gpt4_summary": "46M with hypertensive retinopathy and suspected glaucoma due to elevated blood pressure (reported as nearly 297/190). Race also a risk. GCL thin OS>OD. Hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07163", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07163.jpg", "filename": "data_07163.npz", "report": "The patient is taking a multivitamin, omega-3 fatty acids, Flomax, and Timoptic for eye drops. They have appointments related to glaucoma. They also have other conditions like hypertension, sleep apnea, hepatic cirrhosis, and back pain.", "age": 63.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "multivit &minerals/ferrous fum (multi vitamin oral) (taking) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: not available; date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr omega-3 fatty acids-vitamin e 1,000 mg cap (taking) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: as directed; details: dispense: capsule(s); date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners PERSON (flomax) 0.4 mg cp24 (taking) take 1 capsule every day timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PPERSON md,LOCATION DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON tech Institution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON titution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder healthcare maintenance benign prostatic hyperplasia back pain smoking hepatic cirrhosis sleep apnea sinus headache results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking a multivitamin, omega-3 fatty acids, Flomax, and Timoptic for eye drops. They have appointments related to glaucoma. They also have other conditions like hypertension, sleep apnea, hepatic cirrhosis, and back pain.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07164", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07164.jpg", "filename": "data_07164.npz", "report": "55 y.o. female with hypertension, cva, otitis media, moyamoya disease underwent eye exam. Presenting issues include retinal tear, cataract in right eye, and operative hole in left eye. She has no ocular complaints. No glaucoma reported.", "age": 55.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 y.o. female presents for an annual comprehensive eye exam. last visit with me: DATE_TIME she was last seen for an eye exam by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME pohx: moyamoya disease with left homonymous hemianopsia after cva, s/p ce/iol os, cataract od, history of retinal tears od s/p laser, operculated hole os pmhx: hypertension, cva, otitis media, moyamoya disease shx: never drove hpi DATE_TIME: PERSON a manning is a DATE_TIME. female presents for an annual comprehensive eye exam pohx left homonymous hemianopsia w/moya moya disease LOCATION, h/o cataract od & retinal tear od patient states va ou is stable and unchanged compared to prior visits here. denies noticing any new episodes of flashes of light and floaters ou. denies pain, distortion and double vision ou. denies redness , discharge and swelling ou. denies any additional ocular complaints at this time. ocular medications none general health: stable; no new medical changes to report assessment/plan: # s/p cva with left sided homymous hemianopsia (onset DATE_TIME) - last field DATE_TIME - returned to baseline hemianopsia - no other defects noted DATE_TIME - inferior/nasaldefect os but likely rim artifact, will check DATE_TIME - doing well. stable. # pseudophakia os (DATE_TIME; dr. PERSON) - doing well, no significant pco - mild dry eye sign (without sx) DATE_TIME, recommend starting ats prn # cataract od - refracts to 20/40 DATE_TIME - va likely also limited by epiretinal membrane mildly - happy with vision and no issues with glare - updated refraction provided DATE_TIME # h/o retinal tear od # operculated hole os - s/p retinopexy od - rd precautions and ongoing monitoring with retina # epiretinal membrane ou - patient asymptomatic - oct macula obtained DATE_TIME - monitor rtc DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2, oct macula ou, bat PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "55 y.o. female with hypertension, cva, otitis media, moyamoya disease underwent eye exam. Presenting issues include retinal tear, cataract in right eye, and operative hole in left eye. She has no ocular complaints. No glaucoma reported.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07165", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07165.jpg", "filename": "data_07165.npz", "report": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with advanced diffuse thinning. High IOP; added Rhopressa, continuing latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol and brimonidine. Also has cataract in both eyes.", "age": 82.24, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 27 / 29 central corneal thickness: 473 / 471 gonioscopy: c30b 3+od, c30b1+ os retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: advanced diffuse thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: advanced diffuse thinning visual fields, right eye: superior/inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: cf family history: mother had loss of vision, but unsure if due to glaucoma steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: atrial fibrillation on eliquis, dm2, bradycardia s/p pacemaker, htn, hypothyroidism assessment/plan: 82 y.o. NRP creole-speaking male referred by dr. PERSON for trabeculectomy # primary open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty os (DATE_TIME) - iop too high ou - add rhopressa qhs ou, continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos; likely plan for phaco/trab od # history of superior NRP vein occlusion, left LOCATION has been 20/100 or worse since DATE_TIME - no neovascularization, monitor # corneal verticillata in setting of amiodarone use, both eyes - monitor # cataract, both eyes - visually significant, causing blurry vision at distance and near, interested in surgery PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with advanced diffuse thinning. High IOP; added Rhopressa, continuing latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol and brimonidine. Also has cataract in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07166", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07166.jpg", "filename": "data_07166.npz", "report": "56 y.o white male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patients with existing accounts can access a new portal with their username.", "age": 56.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 56 y.o. white, Unknown male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o white male diagnosed with glaucoma. Patients with existing accounts can access a new portal with their username.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07167", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07167.jpg", "filename": "data_07167.npz", "report": "Patient has high eye pressure (41/33 down to 23/17), suggesting glaucoma. Given Cosopt to lower pressure. Eyes dilated for exam. Normal ocular health except high intraocular pressure.", "age": 60.79, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "linear) right left dist sc 20/150 20/40 +2 dist ph sc 20/70 20/20 -3 tonometry (tonopen, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 41 33 tonometry #2 (tonopen, PERSON am) right left pressure 36 33 tonometry #3 (DATE_TIME) right left pressure 39 31 tonometry #4 (tonopen, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 23 17 tonometry comments 1 round of cosopt ou per and in presence of dr. PERSON @ 9:44 am. okay to dilate ou per dr. PERSON. gonioscopy right left temporal sl sl nasal sl sl superior sl sl inferior ss ss pupils pupils dark light shape react apd right PERRL 4 3 round brisk none left LOCATION 4 3 round brisk none visual fields left right full full extraocular movement right left full full neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal dilation both eyes: phenylephrine 2.5%-tropicamide 1% ophthalmic solution @ 9:46 am possible side effects of the dilating drops were discussed, including light sensitivity, blurred vision and dilated pupils. patient was advised not to drive until vision is clear and was told to wear sunglasses until pupils return to normal. slit lamp and fundus exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea no kp no kp anterior chamber 2+ fine cell 2+ fine cell iris normal normal lens tr ns normal vitreous no vitreous cell no vitreous cell fundus exam right left disc healthy rim healthy rim c/d ratio 0.3 0.5 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has high eye pressure (41/33 down to 23/17), suggesting glaucoma. Given Cosopt to lower pressure. Eyes dilated for exam. Normal ocular health except high intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07168", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07168.jpg", "filename": "data_07168.npz", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses, including glaucoma and good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Adherence to meds is emphasized; Latanoprost used; possible future use of Alphagan. Moderate risk of progression noted. Resort to preservative-free artificial tears for dry eyes was suggested.", "age": 37.56, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "(see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. we also discussed the future of visual field testing, like virtual reality, which is very exciting! patient states she is changing her insurance plan to a ppo as she had difficulties with her current insurance when obtaining latanoprost (thankfully no issues DATE_TIME). we also reassured her about PERSON, which are affected by blinking. we explained the importance of utilizing preservative-free artificial tears every DATE_TIME while staring at screens or reading for prolonged periods of time. if appropriate, we discussed utilization of eyelid scrubs to help eyelid inflammation, which can contribute to dry eye symptoms. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop still above goal in future, start alphagan bid ou (patient wants to reserve slt for later). the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses, including glaucoma and good intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Adherence to meds is emphasized; Latanoprost used; possible future use of Alphagan. Moderate risk of progression noted. Resort to preservative-free artificial tears for dry eyes was suggested.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07169", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07169.jpg", "filename": "data_07169.npz", "report": "55-year-old male treated for alkali burn to left eye. Cornea health improving. Also a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc ratio, family history, and suspicious OCT.", "age": 56.04, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "55 M seen in LOCATION DATE_TIME for alkali (bleach) burn to left eye after bottle dropped to floor and some splashed into eye. # Alkali burn to cornea, left eye. Doing well and feeling better. No epithelial defect. - Continue artificial tears as needed. # Glaucoma suspect with borderline cup/disc ratio and family history, both eyes FHx: mother and father CCT: 590,593 IOP: 18,15 DFE 2/2017 OCT 2/2017: temporal thinning od > os HVF 2/2017: gen dep ou with inc FN - IOP is not high, particularly with thick corneas. However, strong family history and suspicious OCT increase his risk. First-time HVF is not reliable but with possibility of defects. - Plan to recheck HVF and IOP in 1 month RTC 1 month for IOP, HVF, gonio; sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old male treated for alkali burn to left eye. Cornea health improving. Also a glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc ratio, family history, and suspicious OCT.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07170", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07170.jpg", "filename": "data_07170.npz", "report": "61yo patient with history of trigeminal neuralgia, and post-operative inflammation treated with steroids had significantly pigment dispersion. Has glaucoma in right eye (od), likely due to uveitis, currently under control. Also has mild erm in right eye. Plan to control glaucoma and avoid future uveitis episodes.", "age": 61.33, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 yo patient last saw me DATE_TIME pmh: trigeminal neuralgia left side \u00ff #s/p ce/iol ou DATE_TIME in maine; DATE_TIME apart od first; s/p yag od - by history sounds like there was significant post-operative inflammation od; followed every DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME and treated with steroids - evidence of significantly pigment dispersion od- coating lens; no synechiae or other evidence of uveitis episode - seen in uveitis clinic in maine DATE_TIME-- did blood work and PERSON supposedly normal. notes: ' may need rheum consult in future. may need imts in future' \u00ff #pvd ou with lattice degeneration od; acute symptoms DATE_TIME per history - no holes, tears or detachments DATE_TIME \u00ff #glaucoma od, likely uveitic - iop 28 od on presentation to me DATE_TIME (15 os), cct 608, 628 (iop likely lower than measured); iop improved to 18 od today - DATE_TIME: rnfl oct inferior thinning od; full os - DATE_TIME: hvf od mild superior arcuate, os full - plan: continue brimonidine bid od, LOCATION bid od - to see dr. PERSON in 3-4 m for iop check and dilation \u00ff #erm od - spectralis oct ou: normal foveal contour ou; mild erm od \u00ff plan: - plan: continue brimonidine bid od, LOCATION bid od - f/u dr. PERSON (pt travels from LOCATION, me and so will try to minimize visits.) i can followup with him afterwards/ prn via telemedicine given va 20/20+ od would not interfere with lens at this point despite diffuse pigment- goal to control glaucoma and mitigate any future episodes of uveitis; he will bring cataract op note to next visit with dr. PERSON \u00ff next visit: 3 m with dr. PERSON \u00ff _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "61yo patient with history of trigeminal neuralgia, and post-operative inflammation treated with steroids had significantly pigment dispersion. Has glaucoma in right eye (od), likely due to uveitis, currently under control. Also has mild erm in right eye. Plan to control glaucoma and avoid future uveitis episodes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07171", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07171.jpg", "filename": "data_07171.npz", "report": "The patient exhibits a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer, associated with optic disc edema. Diagnosis: non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy os. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 60.46, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "deviation). my efferent exam was unremarkable. optic nerve optical coherence tomography today demonstrates thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer layer os (mean thickness of 250 microns) in the setting of her optic disc edema; her ganglion cell complex segmentation analysis is normal od and unreliable os. my overall impression is: 1. non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy os my plan is: 1. follow-up in 4-6 weeks with repeat automated perimetry, fundus photos and optic nerve optical coherence tomography - note: if the edema does not resolve and/or if there is clinical evidence of worsening, consider brain/orbit imaging and paraneoplastic workup (in the setting of her newly diagnosed brain cancer) 2. management of her microvascular risk factors with her pcp (systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, screening for diabetes) 3. sleep studies recommended (the patient will arrange with her pcp) 4. avoid taking blood pressure medicines at night; avoid amiodarone; avoid taking blood pressure medicines at night. we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. i will see the patient again in 4-6 to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? pt seen & discussed w/emilie bergeron, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: i personally spent 40 minutes preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient exhibits a thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer, associated with optic disc edema. Diagnosis: non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy os. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07172", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07172.jpg", "filename": "data_07172.npz", "report": "Patient is on dorzolamide at night for both eyes, brimonidine and rhopressa/netarsudil twice a day for the right eye. Potential medicines: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z. Glaucoma present.", "age": 86.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes 1x/night dorzolamide/PERSON (dark blue) the right eye 2x/day brimonidine3 (purple) the right eye 2x/day rhopressa/netarsudil (white) the right eye 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on dorzolamide at night for both eyes, brimonidine and rhopressa/netarsudil twice a day for the right eye. Potential medicines: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z. Glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07173", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07173.jpg", "filename": "data_07173.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspected case of glaucoma with no medication and a family history of possible glaucoma. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions include early cataract, amblyopia, exotropia, and refractive error.", "age": 61.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "of PERSON presents for eye exam # dmii without PERSON: 6.2 in DATE_TIME - fbg: unknown - meds: metformin - DATE_TIME, no evidence of diabetic retinopathy >> maintain good glucose, bp, cholesterol control # glaucoma suspect - glaucoma meds: none - fhx: mother w possible glaucoma - glauc drug allergies: none - iop 18/16 - tmax (DATE_TIME) 21/18 - gonio (pending) - pachy (DATE_TIME): 589/583 - hx eye surg or lasers: none hvf DATE_TIME: reliable od, unreliable os, PERSON; os scattered nonspecific dep DATE_TIME: PERSON, os superotemp focal thinning >> looks healthy DATE_TIME, oct rnfl with possible early focal thinning os. hvf os limited likely by amblyopia os/ # amblyopia os # exotropia os - bcva os 20/60-1 - multiple surgeries to realign the eye, but recurred each time >> monitor, not interested in referral for eval/tx # cataract ou - early, not significant >> monitor # refractive error >> mrx provided patient educated on findings and clinical management as noted above. rtc 1 y or sooner prn PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspected case of glaucoma with no medication and a family history of possible glaucoma. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions include early cataract, amblyopia, exotropia, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07174", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07174.jpg", "filename": "data_07174.npz", "report": "Patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, possibly glaucoma. Rhopressa suggested with potential allergy in mind; surgery options provided. Follow-up required.", "age": 76.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "both eyes intraocular pressure too high left eye > right eye try to restart rhopressa and see if there is real allergy discussed surgical options: cyclophotocoagulation, inferior tube, kahook dual blade r/b/a of cyclophotocoagulation diode left eye discussed --> he opts to start rhopressa first and call us if he wants to schedule discussed low vision referral also follow right eye closely, may need surgery [do not get optical coherence tomography; useless at the floor]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has high intraocular pressure in both eyes, possibly glaucoma. Rhopressa suggested with potential allergy in mind; surgery options provided. Follow-up required.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07175", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07175.jpg", "filename": "data_07175.npz", "report": "Male patient has hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism, and cataracts; new prescription improves vision to 20/20. Noted small cyst by puncta, not causing issues. Patient flagged as low suspicion glaucoma suspect due to borderline IOP and asymmetrical C/D. Significant alcohol use reported.", "age": 59.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male hyperopia with presbyopia ou astigmatism os current rx corrects to 20/20 20/25. gave new rx which makes him 20/20 ou, they are optional. cataract ou bcva 20/20 ou. observation is recommended at this time. small inclusion cyst os by puncta. observe, not bothersome to pt. low susp glaucoma suspect due to borderline iop and c/d asymmetry. iop 16/15 but PERSON is -3 ou. rnfl is thin ou. gcl is thin ou. hvf 24-2 full ou observe. no fmhx. ?toxic / nutritional optic neuropathy patient reports significant alcohol use and some episodes of hypoglycemia (in DATE_TIME and 1997) no apd by PERSON in DATE_TIME for dfe, ar/refract, oct spectralis by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient has hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism, and cataracts; new prescription improves vision to 20/20. Noted small cyst by puncta, not causing issues. Patient flagged as low suspicion glaucoma suspect due to borderline IOP and asymmetrical C/D. Significant alcohol use reported.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07176", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07176.jpg", "filename": "data_07176.npz", "report": "45 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect but shows normal intraocular pressure and optic nerve measurements. Refractive error is present.", "age": 45.63, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "45 y.o. male # glaucoma suspect, PERSON, normal iop -pachy: 547/532 -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou # refractive error >mrx given", "gpt4_summary": "45 y.o. male is a glaucoma suspect but shows normal intraocular pressure and optic nerve measurements. Refractive error is present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07177", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07177.jpg", "filename": "data_07177.npz", "report": "38-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric c/d. Lacks family history of glaucoma. Noted improvement by hydrocortisone, has managed asymmetrical myopia without issues. Enterobacter Aerogenes sensitive to bactrim.", "age": 38.56, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "38 yo new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, referred from ew for glaucoma suspect due to asymmetric c/d 1. glaucoma suspect (tr c/d asymmetry os>od in setting of larger onh os) tmax 18/19. no fhx glaucoma cct: 566 od (thick) 546 os (ave) gonio: prominent iris processes open 360 to cbb/ss oct rnfl DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou >> follow 2. hx rul (sub-brow) furuncle -managed by dr. PERSON, last seen DATE_TIME: -sx began DATE_TIME -improved with PERSON but recurred after stopped -seen in ew DATE_TIME: 2 rul furuncles >> wc and PERSON 5/30- 6/5 with some improvement, bur recurrent/enlarged after stopped doxy -started bactrim ds bid DATE_TIME -s/p i&d DATE_TIME. cx: enterobacter aerogenes (sensitive to bactrim) -improved on hydrocortisone bid without excision (completed end of DATE_TIME) -DATE_TIME: doing well off steroid cream, edema resolved. +mild pigmentary change to the lid 3. refractive error asymmetric myopia os>od, has tolerated anisometropia without issue had 'training' as a child to focus together no known history of amblyopia rx provided DATE_TIME as backup m PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "38-year-old patient suspected of having glaucoma due to asymmetric c/d. Lacks family history of glaucoma. Noted improvement by hydrocortisone, has managed asymmetrical myopia without issues. Enterobacter Aerogenes sensitive to bactrim.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07178", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07178.jpg", "filename": "data_07178.npz", "report": "59 y.o. female is a suspected glaucoma patient with possible early normal tension glaucoma. IOP is stable & under medication. Dry eyes, meibomian gland dysfunction, immature cataracts, and presbyopia also noted.", "age": 59.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "59 y.o. female with no significant medical history seen by PERSON PERSON in the past # normal tension glaucoma suspect od, os possibly early normal tension glaucoma >tcurrent: 16/16 >t previous: 17/17, 15 ou >tmax: 18/17 >tgoal: >c/d ratio: 0.8 ou >gonio: open ou >cct:547/547 >oct: 10/13 od thin sup, PERSON inf 2/14 od thin sup, os border inf DATE_TIME thin sup, os border PERSON thin sup, os border inf DATE_TIME thin sup, os border sup/inf (stable) DATE_TIME thin sup, os border PERSON (stable) DATE_TIME od thin sup, os border PERSON (stable) DATE_TIME od thin sup (stable) os thin sup/ border inf (+ progression) DATE_TIME od thin sup os thin sup/ inf --stable >hvf: DATE_TIME wnl ou -- stable DATE_TIME full ou -- stable DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full ou >family history: +father ltg >race: white >> given possible progression based on oct, will start medication in left eye. start timolol xe qam >> DATE_TIME: iop better. continue timolol xeqam os. recheck iop in DATE_TIME when she comes back from LOCATION >> DATE_TIME iop 14 ou, continue timolol. repeat testing in DATE_TIME >> DATE_TIME iop stable, continue timolol bid ou immature cataracts -mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. dry eyes / meibomian gland dysfunction > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation lll, likely chalazion - noted a lesion on the inside of lid, on exam has focal nodular area on PERSON with mild inflammation > warm compresses presbyopia - happy with otc readers fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "59 y.o. female is a suspected glaucoma patient with possible early normal tension glaucoma. IOP is stable & under medication. Dry eyes, meibomian gland dysfunction, immature cataracts, and presbyopia also noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07179", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07179.jpg", "filename": "data_07179.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension, thick corneas, and a family history of glaucoma. There are signs of thinning nerves and inferior defects on visual field test. Suggested consulting glaucoma services.", "age": 68.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pvd ou cataract ou dry ou refr error cholesterol embolus od -- has since seen pcp and was put on cholesterol medication, no embolus seen on exam DATE_TIME ocular hypertension tmax 24, corneas thick (>590 ou), +famhx glaucoma. nerves appear healthy though thinning os on rnfl. hvf with inferior defects ou. iop better DATE_TIME plan: suggest consult with glaucoma service warm compr/art tears vnorth, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension, thick corneas, and a family history of glaucoma. There are signs of thinning nerves and inferior defects on visual field test. Suggested consulting glaucoma services.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07180", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07180.jpg", "filename": "data_07180.npz", "report": "The patient's idiopathic intracranial hypertension remains stable in her left eye. New changes in visual field testing observed but deemed potentially artifactual. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 57.17, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "in th left eye. her efferent examination is unremarkable. overall, my impression is that her idiopathic intracranial hypertension has remained stable off acetazolamide, notwithstanding her modest increase in weight since our last visit. while there were some new changes in visual field testing in both eyes, these may be artifactual and given that the remainder of her exam is stable, i am comfortable continuing to follow her off of medication. impression: 1. bilateral optic nerve swelling os>>od secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension, acetazolamide discontinued DATE_TIME. choroidal nevus, od, first evident on photographs in DATE_TIME, monitored by dr. PERSON. hypothyroidism plan: 1. oct, fundus photos 2. follow up in DATE_TIME. continue efforts at weight loss 2. follow-up examination in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed 3. follow-up with dr. PERSON as planned note was prepared with assistance of dr. PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's idiopathic intracranial hypertension remains stable in her left eye. New changes in visual field testing observed but deemed potentially artifactual. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07181", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07181.jpg", "filename": "data_07181.npz", "report": "Patient, an 83-year-old male, is a suspected glaucoma case with increased cup/disc ratio in the right eye. Has intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration; cataract is present but not severe enough for surgery yet. History of trauma in left eye causing poor vision. Monitored regularly.", "age": 83.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "83 m hx htn, cad, copd, PERSON prev on LOCATION last visit here with me was in DATE_TIME previously saw PERSON for routine care - has not seen him in a while. \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, right eye. [ fhx: father (suspect), son (suspect) [ cct: 582,812 [ DATE_TIME: full od [ hvf DATE_TIME: full od - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. \u00ff # intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration, right eye. likely in the left eye as well (poor view of the retina). quit smoking after DATE_TIME. no family history. - discussed not smoking, NRP vitamins, uv protection, amsler grid testing. - handout given to patient at previous visit. \u00ff # cataract, right eye. not yet visually significant to warrant surgery in the right eye. stable best-corrected visual acuity vs DATE_TIME. - discussed elective cataract surgery in the future though not indicated at this time. - continue to monitor. - pt hesitant to have surgery given monocular status, which is reasonable. - new rx given for glasses. \u00ff # remote trauma, left eye (DATE_TIME, wooden dowel). evidence of penetrating corneal injury. reports poor vision in the left eye since then. # aphakia, left eye # intrapupillary membrane limiting view of retina, left eye # sensory exotropia, left eye, s/p strabismus surgery (~2000) - likely guarded to poor visual potential given exam and history - monocular precautions - monitor # refractive error, small change from previous, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. \u00ff rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, an 83-year-old male, is a suspected glaucoma case with increased cup/disc ratio in the right eye. Has intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration; cataract is present but not severe enough for surgery yet. History of trauma in left eye causing poor vision. Monitored regularly.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07182", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07182.jpg", "filename": "data_07182.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma and possible vision field progression. Glaucoma has been stable but vision worsened in an unspecified date, elevated IOP was noted. Also, patient has minimal visually significant early cataract and LLL papiloma. No irritation reported.", "age": 76.16, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma os: PERSON (PERSON) 540/535 tm 21/23. slow on and possibly vf progression os in 1/14 w/ iop in DATE_TIME, stable in 2/16, worsening vf os in DATE_TIME goal iop under 20 od, low teens os - iop at goal DATE_TIME od, elevated os - pt received dorzolamide instead of cos. plan: cont xalatan ou qhs - timolol gfs od qam and cos os bid - note to PERSON will do hvf os q6 mo, will do os first when doing vf ou. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check ou. ? 2. early cataract ou: minimally visually significant plan: over-the-shoulder lighting uv protection - pvd os 3. lll papiloma - pt reports no change in size and there is no irritation. t/c removal in future with oculoplastics if increases in size or pt becomes symptomatic - other: pt goes to fl in DATE_TIME. hoh. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma and possible vision field progression. Glaucoma has been stable but vision worsened in an unspecified date, elevated IOP was noted. Also, patient has minimal visually significant early cataract and LLL papiloma. No irritation reported.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07183", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07183.jpg", "filename": "data_07183.npz", "report": "The clinical note provides no medical information or mention of glaucoma, it only gives instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account.", "age": 32.17, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "gateway user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note provides no medical information or mention of glaucoma, it only gives instructions on how to enroll in a gateway user account.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07184", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07184.jpg", "filename": "data_07184.npz", "report": "34-year-old female with myopia astigmatism, previous contact lens use but prefers glasses. She's a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio but shows normal results on OCT RNFL test; IOP at 15/15. She also has retinal lattice degeneration, for which referral to retina is recommended.", "age": 34.45, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "34 yro female 1. myopia astigmatism both eyes - no rx change DATE_TIME; ok to continue current glasses if she wishes - rx=mrx given to pt - computer hygiene ed; suggest take breaks DATE_TIME; blink more often 2. h/o scls wearer - h/o wore DATE_TIME cls in DATE_TIME; ran out; re-fitted with ultra and air optix cls in DATE_TIME; did not return for f/u, nor call back; did not finalize rx - h/o refitted with DATE_TIME acuvue moist dailies disposal cls in DATE_TIME; pt only wears occasionally for sports and parties; feels cls out of focus; stopped wearing cls; prefers glasses 3. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio ou - negative f/h - iop today:15/15 - c/d ratio: 0.60 ou; PERSON oct rnfl ou 2020: PERSON oct rnfl and gcc DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: normal both eyes - automated perimetry 24-2: full DATE_TIME DATE_TIME - pt edu, will monitor DATE_TIME. retinal lattice degeneration os with one small hole, LOCATION, refer to retina for evaluation - rd precaution reviewed with pt - rtc sooner to ew for increased numbers of floaters, flashes of light, blurry vision or darkness in the visual field", "gpt4_summary": "34-year-old female with myopia astigmatism, previous contact lens use but prefers glasses. She's a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged c/d ratio but shows normal results on OCT RNFL test; IOP at 15/15. She also has retinal lattice degeneration, for which referral to retina is recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07185", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07185.jpg", "filename": "data_07185.npz", "report": "65 y.o. male diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) due to c:d asymmetry, with controlled intraocular pressure. Mild, non-significant cataracts, refractive error, and posterior vitreous detachment observed. No pre-diabetic retinopathy detected.", "age": 65.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. male 1. poag(s) based on c:d asymmetry, PERSON mat aunt and PERSON cct 560/565 hvf full ou oct wnl ou dp stable iop controlled observe discussed risk of glaucoma and recommendation for DATE_TIME f/u 2. mild cataracts present that ate not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 4. posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. DATE_TIME/o pre-dm, no retinopathy bs/bp control encouraged DATE_TIME mrx, hvf, iop, dilate, oct, dp", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. male diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) due to c:d asymmetry, with controlled intraocular pressure. Mild, non-significant cataracts, refractive error, and posterior vitreous detachment observed. No pre-diabetic retinopathy detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07186", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07186.jpg", "filename": "data_07186.npz", "report": "The note indicates a 28 y.o. male patient with severe glaucoma in the right eye & mild glaucoma in the left. Treatment includes bimatoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, & brimonidine. His visual field & oct are stable.", "age": 28.1, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by drs. LOCATION, rao) glaucoma medication intolerances: travoprost (cost) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 32 / 32 central corneal thickness: 596 / 596 gonioscopy: d40f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior/ temporal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: dense superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: essentially full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: none assessment/plan: 28 y.o. male working in biotech # juvenile open angle glaucoma, severe right eye, mild left eye - gap in care DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME, but vf relatively stable od DATE_TIME image capture challenging in setting of myopia - added brimonidine bid ou DATE_TIME - iop borderline od, acceptable os, pharmacy seems to have switched travoprost to bimatoprost - vf and oct roughly stable ou - continue bimatoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - mild irritation from drops, will look into switching to PERSON qam ou, PERSON qhs ou but has plenty of other drops in the meantime - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # myopia, history of contact lens-associated keratitis, both eyes (DATE_TIME) - resolved, mild residual scarring od PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The note indicates a 28 y.o. male patient with severe glaucoma in the right eye & mild glaucoma in the left. Treatment includes bimatoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, & brimonidine. His visual field & oct are stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07187", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07187.jpg", "filename": "data_07187.npz", "report": "The patient is taking various medications including levothyroxine, lisinopril, multivitamin, ranitidine, sennosides, terconazole, and travoprost, and is diagnosed with conditions including glaucoma, hypothyroidism, breast cancer, asthma, hypercholesterolemia, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and more.", "age": 72.43, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "metal med transfer process. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 125 mcg tablet take 1 tablet (125 mcg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. lisinopril (prinivil,zestril) 10 mg tablet take 1 tablet (10 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. multivitamin per tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. LOCATION (ditropan-xl) 5 mg 24 hr tablet take 1 tablet (5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON (pravachol) 40 mg tablet take 40 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. ranitidine (zantac) 150 mg tablet take 150 mg by mouth 2 (two) times a day. sennosides 8.6 mg cap take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day as needed (constipation). terconazole (terazol 3) 80 mg vaginal suppository place 1 suppository vaginally nightly. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process travoprost (travatan z) 0.004 % drop apply 1 drop to eye every pm. both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME glaucoma hypothyroidism breast cancer asthma hypercholesterolemia gastroesophageal reflux disease seasonal allergic rhinitis osteoarthritis hearing loss hypertension routine health maintenance stress incontinence results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking various medications including levothyroxine, lisinopril, multivitamin, ranitidine, sennosides, terconazole, and travoprost, and is diagnosed with conditions including glaucoma, hypothyroidism, breast cancer, asthma, hypercholesterolemia, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and more.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07188", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07188.jpg", "filename": "data_07188.npz", "report": "The 64-year-old patient has hyperlipidemia, incipient cataract and anisometropic amblyopia with 20/250 vision in the left eye. Optic disc cupping is observed with IOP at 18/17, indicative of glaucoma. The patient struggles to recognize faces without glasses. No intervention required currently.", "age": 64.25, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "64 y.o. est patient with hyperlipidemia incipient cataract ou - not visually significant yet > observe anisometropic amblyopia os - vision 20/250 with no improvement with refraction optic disc cupping ou - iop 18/17 - cct DATE_TIME DATE_TIME borderline thinning ou - oct DATE_TIME: od borderline thinning inf, temp and nasally. os borderline thinning temporally. slight worse od, stable os - hvf DATE_TIME od full os nasal defects likely rim artifact - hvf DATE_TIME non-specific findings ou, poor reliability os - photos DATE_TIME > no indication for intervention this time. will observe, repeat in DATE_TIME refractive error - patient complains of trouble recognizing people's faces from 15 to 20 feet away but only when he is not wearing glasses. with glasses, he can see fine. > updated glasses prescription given per request last visit > recommended to wear glasses full time. fu DATE_TIME scheduled for mrx bat dilate hvf/ oct lains, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The 64-year-old patient has hyperlipidemia, incipient cataract and anisometropic amblyopia with 20/250 vision in the left eye. Optic disc cupping is observed with IOP at 18/17, indicative of glaucoma. The patient struggles to recognize faces without glasses. No intervention required currently.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07189", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07189.jpg", "filename": "data_07189.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's health, including the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 35.64, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prn. i personally spent *** DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's health, including the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07190", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07190.jpg", "filename": "data_07190.npz", "report": "The patient is treated for glaucoma with various medications which may include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, cosopt, rhopressa, and vyzulta. Medications are applied to both eyes at different frequencies.", "age": 60.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes (stop once insurance approves vyzulta) 1x/night dorzolamide/PERSON (dark blue) both eyes 2x/day netarsudil (white)4 both eyes 1x/night PERSON/vyzulta (teal)6 both eyes (start once insurance approves this medication) 1x/night erythromycin (ointment) both eyelids 2x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER. for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is treated for glaucoma with various medications which may include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, cosopt, rhopressa, and vyzulta. Medications are applied to both eyes at different frequencies.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07191", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07191.jpg", "filename": "data_07191.npz", "report": "The note discusses medication for both eyes, mentioning brimonidine/alphagan to be used 2x/day. Alternative medicines include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. Refers to a glaucoma department.", "age": 64.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes DATE_TIME brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) both eyes 2x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER. for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses medication for both eyes, mentioning brimonidine/alphagan to be used 2x/day. Alternative medicines include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost. Refers to a glaucoma department.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07192", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07192.jpg", "filename": "data_07192.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any explicit information on the presence or absence of glaucoma. It talks about procedures like Humphrey Visual Field and OCT for both eyes.", "age": 52.63, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, onh cube future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, onh cube as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME visual disturbance results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any explicit information on the presence or absence of glaucoma. It talks about procedures like Humphrey Visual Field and OCT for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07193", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07193.jpg", "filename": "data_07193.npz", "report": "Patient, Hermia Mason, is a suspected glaucoma case. Risk factors are age, race, c/d asymmetry, and diabetes. Uncertain family history. IOP 09/09, cataract and pterygium found in both eyes. Hemoglobin A1C value is 6.3, indicating pre-diabetes.", "age": 65.62, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "hermia mason is a DATE_TIME. female glaucoma suspect risks are age, race, c/d asym, dm t corr is +5 ou, iop 09/09 unsure of fmhx. hvf 24-2: unreliable ou watch superior os onh nfl thin on left superior but does not match superior hvf defect, repeat hvf pterygium od s/p pterygium excision os followed by dr. PERSON cataract ou monitor. PERSON done (DATE_TIME) -- measurements limited due to pterygium repeat DATE_TIME temporal pinguecula ou observe. dm2 no bdr, no macula edema. PERSON. continue to monitor. spoke about importance of blood sugar control, diet and exercise. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.3 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. posterior vitreous detachment os warned of rd sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains f/u in DATE_TIME, sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, Hermia Mason, is a suspected glaucoma case. Risk factors are age, race, c/d asymmetry, and diabetes. Uncertain family history. IOP 09/09, cataract and pterygium found in both eyes. Hemoglobin A1C value is 6.3, indicating pre-diabetes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07194", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07194.jpg", "filename": "data_07194.npz", "report": "Glaucoma detection is not explicitly stated in this clinical note. The patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, corneal thickness is within normal range, visual fields are full, and no glaucoma procedures have been performed. Eye medications include Cosopt and Tafluprost.", "age": 30.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: diagnosed DATE_TIME runs high teens right eye, mid teens os target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23.1 (DATE_TIME) / 26.9 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 609 / 606 corneal hysteresis: 11.4/10.1* gonioscopy: open ciliary body band ou refractive error: od -3.00 . sphere . / os -PHONE_NUMBER optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: full optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: cupped 0.6 visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medication history and intolerances at first visit: cosopt bid both eyes, tafluprost qhs ou glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: occasionally uses steroid cream around eyelids trauma: none asthma: no other medical history and problems: nevus PERSON both eyes, s/p laser treatment so right side has resolved initial note: cup:disc ratio asymmetry explained by disc size asymmetry central corneal thickness 600 both eyes plan: ora > gat by 1 point intraocular pressure below target in both eyes continue timolol twice a day to left eye and once DATE_TIME right eye return to clinic in DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check and optical coherence tomography both eyes i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Glaucoma detection is not explicitly stated in this clinical note. The patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, corneal thickness is within normal range, visual fields are full, and no glaucoma procedures have been performed. Eye medications include Cosopt and Tafluprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07195", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07195.jpg", "filename": "data_07195.npz", "report": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with a family history of the condition. She has borderline intraocular pressure, uses latanoprost, and stopped using Sudafed when diagnosed with glaucoma. She also has hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia.", "age": 50.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "congratulated patient on quitting smoking DATE_TIME! open angle glaucoma c/d asym +fhx: paternal uncle with h/o glaucoma iop borderline ou (corrected to: 20 od 21 os) PERSON +2 ou oct onh nfl normal ou (DATE_TIME), gcl normal ou (DATE_TIME). hvf DATE_TIME is wnl ou. gonio: not occludable ou safe to dilate continue latanoprost qd. preferably at DATE_TIME. has taken sudafed for her entire life- since DATE_TIME. she d/c when she was diagnosed with glaucoma. seasonal allergies gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' recommend using claritin, allegra or zyrtec. also recommend using alaway during allergy season. hyperopia w/ astigmatism os, presbyopia ou uses +2.50 otc readers. did enjoy her friends progressive lens. pt describes her vision as 'not so great in the morning.' f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe LOCATION DATE_TIME, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has open angle glaucoma with a family history of the condition. She has borderline intraocular pressure, uses latanoprost, and stopped using Sudafed when diagnosed with glaucoma. She also has hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07196", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07196.jpg", "filename": "data_07196.npz", "report": "61 y.o. female, a high school history teacher, suspect for glaucoma with a large c/d ratio but good IOP/cct and no optic nerve thinning. Past hvf showed normal, as did recent OCT NFL and rnfl. Also has early, nonsignificant cataract and was prescribed glasses for refractive error.", "age": 61.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 y.o. female, history teacher in high school in nh, presenting for DATE_TIME eye exam. 1. glaucoma suspect - no family history of glaucoma - large c/d ratio but good iop/thick cct (~590 ou) and no focal thinning of optic nerve - had hvf in the past, hvf 03/17 full ou hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou oct nfl normal 3/18 oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal DATE_TIME: normal ou 2. early cataract ou - not visually significant - observe 3. refractive error. a prescription for glasses was given to the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. female, a high school history teacher, suspect for glaucoma with a large c/d ratio but good IOP/cct and no optic nerve thinning. Past hvf showed normal, as did recent OCT NFL and rnfl. Also has early, nonsignificant cataract and was prescribed glasses for refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07197", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07197.jpg", "filename": "data_07197.npz", "report": "Patient had full visual field OD, defect OS. OCT optic nerve and retina normal. Likely experiencing migraine headaches. Recommended MRI and MRA for potential optic nerve issue. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 53.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "efferent exam was normal. automated visual field test was done reliable ou and was full od but with superior altitudinal visual field defect os. oct optic nerve, however showed rnfl and gcc thickness of within normal limits and symmetric. OCT retina did not show any macular or other retinal abnormality. the pain patient is describing is most likely migraine headache and while she had receive verapamil in her angiogram she can most likely tolerate it for migraine prophylaxis while verapamil also helps with vascular wall relaxation. her field defect can not be explained while her oct is normal. so i will obtain an orbit mri for finding an more localized pathology near left optic nerve and also repeat mra to further evaluate the stent. ? recommendations: 1. mri orbit and mra head 2. recommend starting verapamil with low dose and slowly up titrate as needed for migraine headache prophylaxis i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. this note was prepared by drs. PERSON, fellow, and me. any part of this note that was prepared by the resident or fellow was reviewed and modified as necessary by me to complete the finalized summary. ? PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had full visual field OD, defect OS. OCT optic nerve and retina normal. Likely experiencing migraine headaches. Recommended MRI and MRA for potential optic nerve issue. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07198", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07198.jpg", "filename": "data_07198.npz", "report": "Patient has history of hypertension, sleep apnea, and is a glaucoma suspect with prior disc hemorrhage in right eye and cup/disc asymmetry. No disc hemorrhage found currently, no intervention needed but will continue to monitor. Also underwent strabismus surgeries, has dry eye syndrome and a history of allergic blepharitis. Allergic to benzyl salicylate and methylisothiazolonone. Refractive error present but no longer needs prism glasses.", "age": 65.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME f hx htn, osa for DATE_TIME glaucoma testing. \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with previous disc hemorrhage, right eye, and cup/disc asymmetry (left > right) [ fhx: no [ cct: 551,550 [ gonio: open to ss ou [ disc photos DATE_TIME (dh) [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: nonspecific/full ou - no disc hemorrhage seen at this time. - no intervention at this time. continue to monitor. # s/p strabismus surgery (DATE_TIME); recalls patching as a child # s/p strabismus surgery (lsr recession and rmr recession DATE_TIME PERSON), with mild recurrent l hypotropia. - no longer using prism in glasses - discharged from neuro-ophth f/u by PERSON DATE_TIME # dry eye syndrome, mild. not as symptomatic as before. - artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid prn. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). # hx of allergic blepharitis of both upper eyelids, responded to several short courses of topical steroids. now improved after allergy evaluation found the chemical compounds (benzyl salicylate and methylisothiazolonone) to which she is allergic and she has been able to avoid those. \u00ff # refractive error. no longer using prism in glasses. - rx given for new glasses. \u00ff rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of hypertension, sleep apnea, and is a glaucoma suspect with prior disc hemorrhage in right eye and cup/disc asymmetry. No disc hemorrhage found currently, no intervention needed but will continue to monitor. Also underwent strabismus surgeries, has dry eye syndrome and a history of allergic blepharitis. Allergic to benzyl salicylate and methylisothiazolonone. Refractive error present but no longer needs prism glasses.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07199", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07199.jpg", "filename": "data_07199.npz", "report": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes. Issues arose with using brimonidine and cosopt. Now, taking timolol and latanoprost; planning to replace timolol with cosopt. Allergic to combigan.", "age": 79.55, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "PERSON: DATE_TIME w/ dr. PERSON v. turalba @atrius health primary open angle glaucoma (poag) of both eyes, severe stage ------------------------------------------------ per dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME): family history: no ethnicity: NRP gonioscopy: pas right eye, open to ss os maximum intraocular pressure: runs in the DATE_TIME ou central corneal thickness: 517/464 drug intolerances: multiple - had issues with brimonidine and intolerance to cosopt prior ocular procedures: cataract surgery ou target intraocular pressure: <12 ------------------------------------------------ apd od DATE_TIME) rnfl and gcl thin os, no signal od hvf 24-2 os (DATE_TIME) superior loss iop high od > os (corrects to: 30 od 24 os) tcorr +6 od +4 os pt reports taking timolol and latanoprost pt has an allergy to combigan will try cospot to replace timolol LOCATION (DATE_TIME) cosopt bid ou continue latanoprost qhs ou will book glaucoma eval next available -- referral made pt requests me to summarize visit for her daughter after her visit -- this was done during husband's visit DATE_TIME myopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia os warned of rd sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains polycarbonate rx given for full-time protection long discussion had regarding the importance eye protection and safety pciol ou done by PERSON PERSON few yag cap marks od multiple yag cap marks os f/u w/ glaucoma next available", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes. Issues arose with using brimonidine and cosopt. Now, taking timolol and latanoprost; planning to replace timolol with cosopt. Allergic to combigan.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07200", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07200.jpg", "filename": "data_07200.npz", "report": "70 y.o. female with severe normal tension glaucoma in right eye, milder in left eye. High intraocular pressure. Visual field in right eye worsening. Mild, not significant cataracts in both eyes.", "age": 70.31, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON/upham's corner health center) glaucoma medication intolerances: none (latanoprost mild redness, but tolerable) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 / 24 central corneal thickness: 460 / 462 gonioscopy: (b)c20p 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: watch for early inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior altitudinal and inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: full family history: mother (never needed surgery/ never lost vision) steroids: none trauma: 'long long' time ago had an iron hit the left eye asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: anxiety, right submandibular gland excision with parotid duct ligation, splits time in LOCATION. PERSON assessment/plan: 70 y.o. female # normal tension glaucoma, severe right eye, mild vs suspect left eye - iop too high ou, hasn't used drops for a week - vf od worse, vf os and DATE_TIME stable - restart latanoprost qhs ou and dorzolamide/timolol bid od - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos before returning to LOCATION. PERSON # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "70 y.o. female with severe normal tension glaucoma in right eye, milder in left eye. High intraocular pressure. Visual field in right eye worsening. Mild, not significant cataracts in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07201", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07201.jpg", "filename": "data_07201.npz", "report": "68-year-old patient with history of thyroidectomy, orbital decompression, and strabismus surgery. Has borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) with family history of glaucoma. No signs of glaucoma detected; optic nerves look healthy.", "age": 68.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "68 yo s/p thyroidectomy, s/p orbital decompression and strabismus surgery nuclear sclerotic cataract ou - not visually significant > observe borderline iop ou - no increase in upgaze - family hx of glaucoma - cct 551/561 - optic nerves look healthy - hvf DATE_TIME od nonspecific defect os nonspecific defect - oct DATE_TIME od sup thinning PERSON ; PERSON > she did have history of optic nerve compression from thyroid eye disease. will observe for progression. repeat testing in DATE_TIME dry eye > artificial tears hx of orbital decompression and strabismus sx - no diplopia, looks great refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request last visit > amblyopia od fu 6 months with mrx, bat, dilate testing: hvf 24-2, rnfl oct", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old patient with history of thyroidectomy, orbital decompression, and strabismus surgery. Has borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) with family history of glaucoma. No signs of glaucoma detected; optic nerves look healthy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07202", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07202.jpg", "filename": "data_07202.npz", "report": "The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma and started on eye drops for a year. They have small but normal optic nerves in both eyes with no history of previous glaucoma surgery. The plan is to monitor the patient, with no glaucoma. The patient was counseled on the importance of lifelong follow-up and adherence to treatments to lower the risk of vision loss due to glaucoma.", "age": 69.91, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma eval dx with glaucoma DATE_TIME ; started on drops x1 yr based on a single intraocular pressure cl wearer ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 21 per patient cct: 582 / 586 gonioscopy: refractive error: od -5.75. sphere. / os -5.50. sphere. optic nerve: rnfl oct: small nerve but normal both eyes vf: normal both eyes med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: no od / no os other eye surgery: no od/ no os fhx:no/ steroids: no/ asthma: no/ trauma: no # none pmhx: a fib (no blood thinners) , bladder ca plan: no glaucoma ; small myopic nerves ok to follow DATE_TIME with testing diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was diagnosed with glaucoma and started on eye drops for a year. They have small but normal optic nerves in both eyes with no history of previous glaucoma surgery. The plan is to monitor the patient, with no glaucoma. The patient was counseled on the importance of lifelong follow-up and adherence to treatments to lower the risk of vision loss due to glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07203", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07203.jpg", "filename": "data_07203.npz", "report": "54 y.o. male with diabetes, hypertension, back problems, and mild myopic astigmatism. No signs of diabetic retinopathy. Family history of glaucoma, but ocular tests normal.", "age": 54.4, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "54 y.o. male construction worker with h/o dm, htn and back problems. here for DATE_TIME exam. 1. mild myopic astigmat ou, presbyopia - had glasses before but nose pieces fell off - now noticing decreased vision at distance 2. dm x DATE_TIME no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on examination. patient was advised to maintain tight blood sugar and blood pressure control. on metformin hba1c 6.9 on DATE_TIME 3. fam history of glaucoma (maternal gm) iop ok pachy 618/630: true iop lower than measured slightly cupped and asymmetric discs oct rnfl and hvf normal DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) 4. mild dry ou trial ats and wcs plan: - trial ats and wcs - continue good glucose control with pcp - new mrx provided - rtc in DATE_TIME, sooner prn PERSON, PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "54 y.o. male with diabetes, hypertension, back problems, and mild myopic astigmatism. No signs of diabetic retinopathy. Family history of glaucoma, but ocular tests normal.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07204", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07204.jpg", "filename": "data_07204.npz", "report": "Patient referred for glaucoma evaluation due to high cup:disc ratio. No glaucoma detected, with healthy nerves in both eyes and appropriate intraocular pressure. Patient advised limiting eye steroid use.", "age": 56.68, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: referred from ew for glaucoma evaal due to high cup:disc ratio ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: 586 / 590 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +6.25. sphere. / os +6.00. -0.75. 161 optic nerve: rnfl oct: completely normal both eyes vf: poss inferior defect right eye med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: -- od / -- os other eye surgery: -- od/ -- os fhx:great grandfather / steroids: inhaler , uses steroid cream around eyes / asthma: yes / trauma: no # lazy eye right eye pmhx: none plan: no evidence of glaucoma healthy nerves both eyes can follow DATE_TIME try to limit steroid use around eyes however intraocular pressure is appropriate for central corneal thickness no need for glaucoma f/u unless any other concerns diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered.'", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for glaucoma evaluation due to high cup:disc ratio. No glaucoma detected, with healthy nerves in both eyes and appropriate intraocular pressure. Patient advised limiting eye steroid use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07205", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07205.jpg", "filename": "data_07205.npz", "report": "The patient, previously treated by Dr. Rao, is a glaucoma suspect with anatomic narrow angles. The risk is low in the right eye (OD), but high in the left eye (OS). The patient shows healthy-looking nerves and underwent a laser procedure for the issue. The OCT RNFL and HVF tests show normal results. There is an irregular pigmented spot OD and the patient has dry eyes. Mild epiretinal membrane in the right eye may affect vision. There are no known glaucoma medication issues. Monitor and continue treatment.", "age": 57.35, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient previously a patient of dr.rao, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME. # glaucoma suspect ou, low risk od, high risk os *c/d asymmetry os>od but healthy-looking nerves on exam # anatomic narrow angles ou s/p patent lpi ou central corneal thickness: 546.546.546 / 563.563.563 tmax: 22 ( ) / 24 ( ) target iop: na / na ch: 11.8 / 9.6 DATE_TIME refractive error wrx: od +0.75. -0.75. 088 / os plano, plano. -0.25, -0.25. 092, 092 glaucoma procedures/lasers: s/p patent lpi ou other eye procedures/lasers: none known glaucoma medication issues: none known testing: baseline (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: full and wnl ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: full and wnl both eyes #irregular pigmented spot od - noted on exam DATE_TIME - raised lesion with pigmented spot below medial canthus od. - monitor #dry eyes - recommended ats on DATE_TIME #mild epiretinal membrane right eye likely reason for 20/25 vision right eye monitor #hyperopia/presbyopia plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 15.3 19.6 target and max pressure right left target na na PERSON 22 24 pt is here for dilated fundus exam with 0.5% tropicamide only, optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer both eyes, and humphrey visual field 24-2c faster ou octrnfl shows may be thinner in superior quadrant right eye compared to some scans but stable compared to DATE_TIME scan. other quadrants stable. humphrey visual field 24-2 shows new inferior nasal step in right eye, which correlates to this area she says if she needs intervention she would opt for selective laser trabeculoplasty last dilated exam: DATE_TIME * use 0.5% tropic last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for hvf 24-2 od.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, previously treated by Dr. Rao, is a glaucoma suspect with anatomic narrow angles. The risk is low in the right eye (OD), but high in the left eye (OS). The patient shows healthy-looking nerves and underwent a laser procedure for the issue. The OCT RNFL and HVF tests show normal results. There is an irregular pigmented spot OD and the patient has dry eyes. Mild epiretinal membrane in the right eye may affect vision. There are no known glaucoma medication issues. Monitor and continue treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07206", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07206.jpg", "filename": "data_07206.npz", "report": "Patient has possible bilateral glaucoma but visual field is normal, right eye shows intermittent defects. Intraocular pressure near target in both eyes. On Cosopt and Latanoprost. No glaucoma procedures in either eye. Return visit planned for more testing.", "age": 75.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems glaucoma suspect, bilateral overview first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, former rao patient diagnosis:glaucoma suspect x DATE_TIME \u00ff target iop: 16 / 16,\u00ff tmax: 18 (DATE_TIME) / 21 (DATE_TIME) \u00ff central corneal thickness: / \u00ff gonioscopy: open \u00ff refractive error: od -2.25. -2.50. 083 / os -3.25. LOCATION. 119 \u00ff optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: large cdr, nerve fiber layer loss, worrying appearance optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: large cdr, nerve fiber layer loss \u00ff visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal, comes and goes superior temporal defect visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal \u00ff medication history and intolerances at first visit:\u00ffcosopt, latanoprost, agn allergy \u00ff glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none \u00ff other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: \u00ff other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: \u00ff \u00ff family history: none \u00ff steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no \u00ff other medical history and problems:\u00ff \u00ff cad \u00ff initial note significant cupping with questionable worsening on optical coherence tomography, but no visual field loss. current assessment & plan intraocular pressure at near target both eye; visual field normal, right eye may have a defect, but it comes and goes. - continue cosopt bid ou and latanoprost qhs ou other visit diagnoses primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, mild stage return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop, cirrus ou.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has possible bilateral glaucoma but visual field is normal, right eye shows intermittent defects. Intraocular pressure near target in both eyes. On Cosopt and Latanoprost. No glaucoma procedures in either eye. Return visit planned for more testing.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07207", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07207.jpg", "filename": "data_07207.npz", "report": "Patient has paracentral defect OD, inferior altitudinal defect OS, potentially indicative of glaucoma. No evidence of acute pathology. A neuro-ophthalmology follow-up is planned.", "age": 84.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "consistent with paracentral defect od and an inferior altitudinal defect os. initially, gca ros was concerning for new jaw claudication that began DATE_TIME. however, diagnosis is unlikely given labs esr 8 and platelets 155. at this time, his exam is not concerning for any acute pathology. we will schedule outpatient neuro-ophthalmology follow-up. plan: -follow-up outpatient with neuro-ophthalmology patient discussed with neuro-ophthalmology, PERSON PERSON. PERSON, LOCATION a LOCATION, LOCATION DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSONE DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has paracentral defect OD, inferior altitudinal defect OS, potentially indicative of glaucoma. No evidence of acute pathology. A neuro-ophthalmology follow-up is planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07208", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07208.jpg", "filename": "data_07208.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataract, hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and history of retinal tears, managed by laser retinopexy. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 65.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "tears - he notes that he had punctual plugs placed in the past by dr. PERSON, which he does not think significantly improved symptoms - punctal plugs present in ll ou on exam - patient used restasis but could not tolerate due to burning - discussed potential treatments including artificial tear supplements, blepharitis management, and potential treatments such as restasis or punctal plugs - patient notes symptoms are stable, is not interested in other interventions at this time - recommend artificial tears to both eyes 2-3 times a day or more frequently as needed # cataract, not visually significant ou # hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - patient notes he used to intermittently wear cls, but discontinued due to irritation/dryness - bcva 20/20 ou - will try new prescription for glasses # history of hemorrhagic pvd ou - followed by dr. PERSON history of retinal tears ou - s/p focal laser retinopexy os DATE_TIME for small hst - s/PERSONE - followed by dr. PERSON to me/cos in DATE_TIME or sooner prn with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl, bat rtc to dr. PERSON as scheduled PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataract, hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and history of retinal tears, managed by laser retinopexy. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07209", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07209.jpg", "filename": "data_07209.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have open angle glaucoma with more significant signs in the right eye than the left. Intraocular pressure is normal, but optical coherence tomography shows thinning. The patient has a family history of glaucoma, mild cataracts, and some vision issues.", "age": 65.33, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "open angle non-occludable glaucoma suspect c/d asym od>os iop is ok, t corr is -1 ou. + family hx of glaucoma. father lost sight due to a hemorrhage, ?amd. both parents on drops. hvf ou within normal limits. oct shows thin onh nfl temporally od, thin os. thin gcl ou, osos -iop goal previously < 16mmhg -holding PERSON due to cme, holding timolol due to asthma -consider diamox in future if needed -if other surgical interventions are planned, consider tube -iop at goal and hvfDATE_TIME stable to baseline DATE_TIME. complex cataract extraction with cme and ugh od -seen by dr. PERSON and PERSON -cme resolved based on DATE_TIME of prednisolone now 3. pseudophakia os -stable, monitor 4. pvd ou -rd precautions 5. dry eyes od>os -redness likely related to rhopressa; however, would not stop the drop at this time -use systane and ointment as needed plan: -continue azopt 2/2, vyzulta 0/1, rhopressa 1/0, brim 2/0 rtc DATE_TIME for iop check or same day as dr. PERSON if within DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a diagnosis of chronic angle closure glaucoma, more prominent in right eye. Current medications are Azopt, Vyzulta, Rhopressa & Brimonidine. Right eye has superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve, left eye has full RNFL. Patient cannot tolerance Simbrinza.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07212", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07212.jpg", "filename": "data_07212.npz", "report": "The patient has received Tobradex ophthalmic solution and triamcinolone acetonide cream. Conditions include hypothyroidism, uveitis, kidney stone, inflammatory polyarthropathies, demyelinating disease of CNS, and chronic pain. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 50.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "tobramycin-dexamethasone (tobradex) ophthalmic solution 1 drop by each eye route as directed. directions: DATE_TIME to eyelids PERSON baker DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr tobramycin-dexamethasone (tobradex) ophthalmic solution tobradex (tobramycin / dexamethasone opht susp 0.3%-0.1%) 0.3 %-0.1% drops susp; dose: 1 drop; form: not available; route: both eyes; frequency: as directed; directions: DATE_TIME to eyelids; details: dispense: 1 tube(s); not taking; status: active; source: LOCATION,LOCATION,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 % cream apply 1 application topically 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr your orders normal orders this visit ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? fundus photos - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes optic disc photos - ou - both eyes future labs/procedures complete by expires ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl as directed DATE_TIME optic disc photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME hypothyroidism uveitis kidney stone other specified inflammatory polyarthropathies(714.89) demyelinating disease of central nervous system chronic pain results summary results summary immunizations ????????? administered on encounter date: DATE_TIME ????? ?????? ?????: none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has received Tobradex ophthalmic solution and triamcinolone acetonide cream. Conditions include hypothyroidism, uveitis, kidney stone, inflammatory polyarthropathies, demyelinating disease of CNS, and chronic pain. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07213", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07213.jpg", "filename": "data_07213.npz", "report": "The patient may face potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, double vision, retinal detachment, and needing further surgery. They provided consent, are not on ASA/blood thinners, and don't need special equipment. They're diabetic with topical anesthesia and will take pre-op meds. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 94.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. consents signed. no asa/blood thinners no increased risk of complications due to implants/special equipment needed -- mp cpc preferred anesthesia -- topical diabetic -- no pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc on pod#1 s/p mp cpc od with va and iop check ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient may face potential risks including infection, bleeding, vision loss, double vision, retinal detachment, and needing further surgery. They provided consent, are not on ASA/blood thinners, and don't need special equipment. They're diabetic with topical anesthesia and will take pre-op meds. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07214", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07214.jpg", "filename": "data_07214.npz", "report": "The note suggests suspected glaucoma in right eye due to intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early nasal loss. Complications from past cataract surgery noted. Treatment includes restarting timolol. Allergic conjunctivitis detected.", "age": 71.0, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. # NRP suspect od based on iop, likely secondary component , referred by PERSON had complicated cataract surgery od with sulcus iol - no steroids. no known fhx, no trauma ttarget: / , tmax: 25 od cct: 587 / 570 gonioscopy: gonio open ou od with significant pigmentation of tm rnfl DATE_TIME borderline od , os full vf possible early nasal loss od s/p slt od DATE_TIME -- > minimal effect # pseudophakia ou od cataract surgery complicated by dropped nucleus, reportedly had another surgery to remove lens fragments likely ppv os uncomplicated surgery # allergic conjunctivitis ou - otc allergy drops not adequately controlling symptoms > try patanol or optivar bid. would avoid steroids for now. plan: lost to f/u since DATE_TIME visual field right eye normal, left eye artifact rnfl oct is stable vs slight worse intraocular pressure higher restart timolol right eye rtc 6 mths intraocular pressure and disc photos then can follow DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The note suggests suspected glaucoma in right eye due to intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible early nasal loss. Complications from past cataract surgery noted. Treatment includes restarting timolol. Allergic conjunctivitis detected.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07215", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07215.jpg", "filename": "data_07215.npz", "report": "Patient with a history of pituitary macroadenoma and bitemporalhemianopia/bilateral optic neuropathy, post transphenoidal debulking surgery, shows slight improvement in vision but still has a persistent tumor applying pressure on the thinned optic chiasm. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.73, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "standard deviation was calculated to be: 8.38 db db. notes od: temporal hemianopia, worse along and just inferior to the horizontal, os: superior-temporal depression crossing the horizontal. \u00ff mild improvement in mean deviation od stable to slightl improvement in mean deviation os oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, gcc right eye reliability was poor. left eye reliability was poor. notes bilateral thinning of the rnfl but the ganglion cell segmentation was done with a poor quality due to bilateral erms stable avg prnfl thicknesses ou ? impression: this patient with a history of pituitary macroadenoma and bitemporalhemianopia/bilateral optic neuropathy is s/p transphenoidal debulking of the tumor (DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) with subsequent subjective improvement in vision. mri has shown residual tumor with persistent mass effect on the thinned optic chiasm. his exam overall shows stable acuities of 20/50- od and 2020/- os. visual field testing shows a slight interval improvement od and is at least stable os. oct shows unchanged prnfl thickness ou (which is nearly within normal range ou in all sectors). fundus exam shows stable optic nerve pallor os>od. overall his vision has improved after surgery and even slightly since the last visit in DATE_TIME. it is possible that there could be further improvement with additional decompressive of the optic nerves as there is still adenoma with mass effect on the optic nerves and chiasm. i recommended follow up with dr. PERSON to consider resection of the residual adenoma. i will see him back in clinic in DATE_TIME. recommendations: 1. follow up with me in DATE_TIME ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with a history of pituitary macroadenoma and bitemporalhemianopia/bilateral optic neuropathy, post transphenoidal debulking surgery, shows slight improvement in vision but still has a persistent tumor applying pressure on the thinned optic chiasm. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07216", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07216.jpg", "filename": "data_07216.npz", "report": "The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and likely a choroidal nevus, as well as possible sleep apnea. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 58.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem, although that drug may be useful for other reasons. the question of sleep apnea was raised by his wife; the most recent information questions the association of sleep apnea to naion, but if he has sleep apnea it would be advantageous to treat this disorder because it is an independent risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. the large pigmented, which is approximately 10 mm in diameter, lesion must be followed. i did not have chance to see him after his dilation and i have asked the patient to return in DATE_TIME or so to allow me to examine this lesion. the small hypopigmented spots bodes well in terms of this being a chronic lesion, but it must be followed. impression: 1. non-artertic ischemic optic neuropathy, os 2. choroidal lesion od, likely choroidal nevus plan: 1. return to see me in DATE_TIME. obtain glasses made trivex 3. continue follow up with comprehensive ophthalmologist 4. follow up as needed. this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and likely a choroidal nevus, as well as possible sleep apnea. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07217", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07217.jpg", "filename": "data_07217.npz", "report": "Patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to unequal cup/disc ratio and a potential new defect in the visual fields OD. Glaucoma medication, Alphagan, was stopped due to an allergic reaction. No family history of glaucoma. Eye pressure and OCT scans are normal. To recheck visual fields in 3-6 months. Other eye conditions and diabetes are stable.", "age": 79.81, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect versus normal tension glaucoma os: based on cup/disc asymmetry os>od; visual fields DATE_TIME with possible new paracentral defect od. no family history of glaucoma; pressure DATE_TIME fine; optical coherence tomography is reassuring DATE_TIME. she had some irritation/allergy to the alphagan so it was stopped in DATE_TIME (starting it was a soft call in DATE_TIME anyway). - stay off alphagan - recheck visual fields in 3-6 mos as the defects od DATE_TIME are new dfe: 9/19 vf: 9/19 oct: 9/19 gonio: 8/18 tmax: 16,16 cct: 557,547 fhx: no 2. PERSON: s/p surgery os DATE_TIME, od DATE_TIME: stable 3. refractive error ou: stable 4. PERSON dysfunction/ dry eye syndrome ou: stable -use artificial tears 4x daily ou -use warm compresses for DATE_TIME 2x daily ou 5. early niddm (DATE_TIME) on metformin: blood sugars have been good; no eye disease on exam DATE_TIME -check dilated exam yearly", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to unequal cup/disc ratio and a potential new defect in the visual fields OD. Glaucoma medication, Alphagan, was stopped due to an allergic reaction. No family history of glaucoma. Eye pressure and OCT scans are normal. To recheck visual fields in 3-6 months. Other eye conditions and diabetes are stable.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07218", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07218.jpg", "filename": "data_07218.npz", "report": "Note indicates potential visually-significant issues in both eyes. Dry eye syndrome diagnosed, and intraocular pressure goals have been established. Treatment includes artificial tears and medications. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.26, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} os: {oct gcc findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} baseline optic disc photos: {baseline photos:19197::'unable','pending'} 2. {lens status:19197::'cataract','incipient cataract','pseudophakia','aphakia'}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} // PERSON}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} {actual status:19197::'-potentially visually-significant, right eye.','-potentially visually-significant, left eye.','-potentially visually-significant, both eyes.','-visually-significant, right eye.','-visually-significant, left eye.','-visually-significant, both eyes.','-not visually-significant, right eye.','-not visually-significant, left eye.','-not visually-significant, both eyes.','-stable.'} 3. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 4. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal od and {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal os on DATE_TIME on brimonidine tid od, cosopt bid od, and PERSON. -*** PERSON** PERSON** latanoprost qhs od -rtc in *** for iop check, *** sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Note indicates potential visually-significant issues in both eyes. Dry eye syndrome diagnosed, and intraocular pressure goals have been established. Treatment includes artificial tears and medications. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07219", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07219.jpg", "filename": "data_07219.npz", "report": "The note indicates a monocular patient with primary open angle glaucoma and a maximum pressure of 24. No visual field issues or medication problems were detected. The patient has a retinal pigment change, stable floaters, and pseudophakia. Cataract is present but surgery is avoided due to possible diplopic complications.", "age": 68.44, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pt of dr. PERSON's referred for slt od DATE_TIME # primary open angle glaucoma od in monocular patient tmax pressure 24, DATE_TIME. cct 561, 560 tgoal 11-12 od gonio: cbb 360 od ,wide open with 2+ pigment procedures: slt od DATE_TIME medication issues: none testing: visual fields show inferior nasal step which looked to be slightly worse on DATE_TIME. repeat hvf DATE_TIME shows improvement and is more consistent with previous fields. dfe: 4/19 vf: 4/19 oct: 4/19 gonio: 4/19 od fhx: yes other issues managed by dr. PERSON: # pseudophakia od: stable \u00ff # cataract os: pt is counting fingers at 3 feet secondary to ambyopia since childhood. - observe for now - worried about diplopia if cataract removed \u00ff #functional monocularity: monocular precautions polycarbonate glasses \u00ff # retinal pigmentary changes: benign for now -follow for now, but may need areds in future \u00ff # floaters: stable -retinal detachment warnings \u00ff # refractive: stable plan DATE_TIME continue vyzulta qhs both eyes cont alphagan ou bid continue cosopt ou bid - brand name only - had difficulty getting from pharmacy and has been using the preservative free kind because of this - he asked i try to call in the cosopt brand (not pf) to PERSON again. pt will see PERSON in DATE_TIME to see me again DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The note indicates a monocular patient with primary open angle glaucoma and a maximum pressure of 24. No visual field issues or medication problems were detected. The patient has a retinal pigment change, stable floaters, and pseudophakia. Cataract is present but surgery is avoided due to possible diplopic complications.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07220", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07220.jpg", "filename": "data_07220.npz", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) normalized; has a history of glaucoma in the family. Also, has moderate to high myopia. Plan: Observation, check IOP in 12 months.", "age": 63.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. PERSON, ou ; off PERSON for DATE_TIME now as iop spontaneously normalized but h/o tmax DATE_TIME. cct 570 microns, ou; + positive family h/o glaucoma. 2. moderate to high myopia (-6d ou) plan: continue to observe now. f/u 12 months ck iop---dilate--hvf--oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) normalized; has a history of glaucoma in the family. Also, has moderate to high myopia. Plan: Observation, check IOP in 12 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07221", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07221.jpg", "filename": "data_07221.npz", "report": "Patient referred to Dr. PERSON for refractive care. New appointment scheduled to check IOP and disc photos ou. Use of artificial tears as needed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 51.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "artificial tears as needed. -i referred patient to dr. PERSON for refractive care on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME => new patient appointment scheduled for DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred to Dr. PERSON for refractive care. New appointment scheduled to check IOP and disc photos ou. Use of artificial tears as needed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07222", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07222.jpg", "filename": "data_07222.npz", "report": "Patient had a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema, previously on coumadin but switched to eliquis. Vision improved from lp to 20/30-2. Hyphema improved, with 1/2+ residual in anterior chamber. No hypopion or wbc. Inferotemporal ti defect of iris exists. IOP is 14. Prednisolone decreased. Plan includes IOP monitoring. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 72.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "?formulation: this patient is here for a follow up of a spontaneous hyphema od (onset of sx DATE_TIME) in the context of supra therapeutic PERSON (previously on coumadin - now switched to eliquis). her visual acuity improved from lp on initial visit to 20/30-2 DATE_TIME. the hyphema has improved significantly and there is only 1/2+ residual PERSON in the anterior chamber. there is no hypopion or wbc. there is an inferotemporal ti defect of the iris os - i performed a gonioscopy to see if one of the iol haptics was outside the bag, but the view was not sufficient to allow me good vision. the iop DATE_TIME is 14. the fundus and the retina is on and on appearance normal. in this context, i will decrease the prednisolone from bid to once DATE_TIME od. stop LOCATION. f/u DATE_TIME as scheduled for a follow up and iop monitoring, before if needed. i advised her to call my office if there is any change in her symptoms / onset of pain. impression: 1. spontaneous PERSON PERSON (minor) iop controlled. 2. pseudophakia ou 3. PERSON good view of the iol haptic ? recommendations: 1. stop cosopt 2. pf once a day od until next visit 3. continue latanoprost ou qhs PERSON md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a follow-up for spontaneous hyphema, previously on coumadin but switched to eliquis. Vision improved from lp to 20/30-2. Hyphema improved, with 1/2+ residual in anterior chamber. No hypopion or wbc. Inferotemporal ti defect of iris exists. IOP is 14. Prednisolone decreased. Plan includes IOP monitoring. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07223", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07223.jpg", "filename": "data_07223.npz", "report": "33 y/o woman with history of anemia, thyroid disorder, and suspicion of low glaucoma. There's no need for further glaucoma tests. Follow-up scheduled.", "age": 33.08, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "33 y.o. woman with h/o anemia and thyroid disorder. 1. low susp glaucoma suspect ou - fmhx: great grandfather - hvf (DATE_TIME): reliable and full ou. - oct (DATE_TIME): PERSON PERSON ou. - physiological plan: - mrx dispensed - no need to keep getting glaucoma tests - f/u in DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON for mrx. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, md. DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "33 y/o woman with history of anemia, thyroid disorder, and suspicion of low glaucoma. There's no need for further glaucoma tests. Follow-up scheduled.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07224", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07224.jpg", "filename": "data_07224.npz", "report": "74-year-old man with history of left shoulder surgery, eye surgeries, age-related macular degeneration, posterior vitreous detachment, and increased cup-to-disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma.", "age": 74.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 yo man with history of l shoulder arthroscopic-assisted biceps tenodesis DATE_TIME new patient DATE_TIME, last seen DATE_TIME (unhappy with glasses, rx recheck) 1. pom#1 s/p phaco/PERSONE, topical (fidgety), deep brow amd limits potential -comfortable, very happy. healed well -finish pf qd taper and ketorolac qid as directed -declines mrx DATE_TIME (os troubled by the distortion, not focus), happy with otc +2.00 2. pom#2 s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME, topical -comfortable. healed well cosopt given os pod#1 -finished gtts 3. dry age related macular degeneration ou with soft drusen os>od -was followed by dr. PERSON until DATE_TIME, now with dr. PERSON >> taking areds 2 supplements bid, amsler monitoring. non-smoker (quit DATE_TIME) >> saw dr. PERSON in f/u DATE_TIME, on high-dose statins trial \u00ff 4. posterior vitreous detachment ou 5. incr'd c/d ou tmax 20/19 (x 22/29 pod#1 respectively) cct DATE_TIME (ave) no fhx glaucoma. (mother had wet amd, maternal aunt and uncle had dry) - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - DATE_TIME: full ou >> will follow weinert, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "74-year-old man with history of left shoulder surgery, eye surgeries, age-related macular degeneration, posterior vitreous detachment, and increased cup-to-disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07225", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07225.jpg", "filename": "data_07225.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspected glaucoma case, with c:d asymmetry favoring the right eye. They participated in a glaucoma study with Dr. PERSON. Additionally, they have a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. The patient also underwent various eye treatments including a Jetrea injection, a laser barricade, and was prescribed new glasses.", "age": 64.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect based on c:d asymmetry od>os. tmax 18 ou in our office. was in the glaucoma study with dr. PERSON in the past. fhx + son with PERSON thick 596,610 hvf full ou gonio open ou PERSON dp DATE_TIME stable iop controlled observe 2. mild cataract is present od that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. erm os s/p jetrea injection os DATE_TIME, s/p phaco/pciol/ppv/mp/gas os for macular hole 12/14 dr vavvas s/p laser barricade for mac-on rd os 2/15 s/p laser os DATE_TIME additional laser barricade f/u retina as scheduled, no new holes noted on DATE_TIME's exam rd warnings 4. pciol os no pco observe 5. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/u DATE_TIME, check hvf, iop, dilate, oct/dp, prn sooner", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspected glaucoma case, with c:d asymmetry favoring the right eye. They participated in a glaucoma study with Dr. PERSON. Additionally, they have a mild, non-visually significant cataract in the right eye. The patient also underwent various eye treatments including a Jetrea injection, a laser barricade, and was prescribed new glasses.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07226", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07226.jpg", "filename": "data_07226.npz", "report": "Patient with glaucoma is being managed with target IOP of 17mmhg in the right eye & 15mmhg in left. Medications include Zioptan, Rhopressa, and Lotemax. Emphasis on medication adherence.", "age": 52.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME as of DATE_TIME with deaths in his family and close social groups. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on zioptan qhs ou, lotemax qd ou, and rhopressa qhs os. -continue zioptan qhs ou. -continue rhopressa qhs os => sample given on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME lotemax qd ou and PERSON per drs. hamrah/goodman. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed/serum tears per dr. LOCATION. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with drs. goodman/LOCATION as planned for cornea care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i would book slt os in future if iop still above goal given further thinning of oct. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and other co-morbidities.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with glaucoma is being managed with target IOP of 17mmhg in the right eye & 15mmhg in left. Medications include Zioptan, Rhopressa, and Lotemax. Emphasis on medication adherence.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07227", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07227.jpg", "filename": "data_07227.npz", "report": "The patient is taking several medications, including glucosamine & chondroit, lenalidomide, levothyroxine, multivitamins, omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil, and zolpidem. There is no mention of glaucoma. List of conditions include osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, optic atrophy of left eye, etc.", "age": 75.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "active; source: PERSON,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME PERSON na/PERSON a na (glucosamine & chondroit URL oral) glucosamine/chondritin; dose: not available; form: take 1 ; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME lenalidomide (revlimid) 25 mg capsule take 1 capsule (25 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. as directed, with or without food, on DATE_TIME of your DATE_TIME chemotherapy cycle. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 88 mcg tablet take 88 mcg by mouth nightly. LOCATION (levothyroxine sodium) 88mcg tablet; dose: 88 mcg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: 0 tablet(s); taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME multivitamins capsule multivitamins; dose: 1 tab; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: 0; taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME omega-3 fatty acids/fish oil (fish oil omega 3-6-9 oral) fish oil/omega 3; dose: not available; form: take 1 ; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME zolpidem (ambien) 10 mg tablet take 0.5 tablets (5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME as needed for sleep. your orders normal orders this visit automated visual field, extended - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME spinal stenosis cervical radiculopathy menopause present hypothyroidism osteoporosis multiple myeloma radiculopathy endometrial adenocarcinoma optic atrophy of left eye secondary to retinal disease results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking several medications, including glucosamine & chondroit, lenalidomide, levothyroxine, multivitamins, omega-3 fatty acid/fish oil, and zolpidem. There is no mention of glaucoma. List of conditions include osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, optic atrophy of left eye, etc.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07228", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07228.jpg", "filename": "data_07228.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with open angle risk due to family history. No glaucoma procedures have been done. The patient's central corneal thickness is 568/558, with their optic nerve appearing borderline.", "age": 26.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME #open angle glaucoma suspect ou risk factors: (+)family history, (-)steroids, (-)trauma central corneal thickness: / 568/558 (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: ss/cbb 360 ou tmax: ( ) / ( ) 14 ou target iop: / not applicable refractive error: arx DATE_TIME od - plano -0.75 x 168 os - plano -0.50 x 017 glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none medication: allergy drops prn *no known drop intolerances testing: baselie DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: od temporal was borderline. superior was normal. nasal was normal. inferior was borderline. the overall was borderline. os temporal was normal. superior was normal. nasal was normal. inferior was borderline. the overall was borderline. superiorly there is a component of shifted peak ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou:normal ou DATE_TIME monitor as glaucoma suspect off therapy plan: DATE_TIME, oct rnfl, hvf 24-2 ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with open angle risk due to family history. No glaucoma procedures have been done. The patient's central corneal thickness is 568/558, with their optic nerve appearing borderline.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07229", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07229.jpg", "filename": "data_07229.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure above the goal in both eyes. Discussed treatment options, patient hesitant to begin treatment but may consider in future if condition worsens.", "age": 53.95, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "less than or equal to 15 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on intermittent PERSON qhs ou and s/p lpi ou. -continue PERSON qhs ou consistently. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given narrow angles od>os that are occludable DATE_TIME oct with ?borderline thinning, we proceeded with lpi od on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given the good result s/p lpi od on DATE_TIME, we proceeded with lpi os on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given oct thinning od and iop above goal ou (x3 on DATE_TIME), i suggested starting PERSON to better control iops ou. however, patient is hesitant to start treatment. given that oct is still green and iop is still wnl, i agreed to observe for now, but i warned that if iop persistently above goal next visit and oct thinning confirmed, i will strongly urge her to start PERSON. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop increase ou, i discussed PERSON versus PERSON. she wants to try PERSON qhs ou. -mrx given to patient at her request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal in the future, consider LOCATION or starting timoptic xe qam ou. if irritation but good iop, consider zioptan qhs ou +/- ocudose bid ou. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure above the goal in both eyes. Discussed treatment options, patient hesitant to begin treatment but may consider in future if condition worsens.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07230", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07230.jpg", "filename": "data_07230.npz", "report": "The female patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on outer cup:disc appearance. She has age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, with central defects likely due to armd. She shows drusen, erm, and a full-thickness macular hole in left eye.", "age": 77.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME. female with anxiety, gerd - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou fam hx: tmax: 15/15 cct: gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ss, faintly pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou with central defects (likely from armd) rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl disc photos: last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops - age-related macular degeneration ou seen by dr. young in DATE_TIME, then followed by PERSON PERSON in weymouth s/p intravitreal injection os x 5 in DATE_TIME (last DATE_TIME) without improvement in vision exam shows drusen but also erm and PERSON, full-thickness hole os >> patient wishes to seek 2nd opinion with retina specialist here, will refer - epiretinal membrane ou, with lamellar hole od and full-thickness macular hole os >> followed by PERSON (last seen DATE_TIME( with plans for observation - pseudophakia ou (DATE_TIME in LOCATION) mild posterior capsular opacification not in visual axis >> observe - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient last visit (polycarbonates) monocular precautions: the importance of wearing eye protection including polycarbonate glasses was discussed with the patient. f/up DATE_TIME with mrx, hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient is suspected of having glaucoma based on outer cup:disc appearance. She has age-related macular degeneration in both eyes, with central defects likely due to armd. She shows drusen, erm, and a full-thickness macular hole in left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07231", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07231.jpg", "filename": "data_07231.npz", "report": "62-year-old female with suspected sarcoidosis (lung, bone, lymph nodes), on rifampin/ethambutol/azithromycin. Experienced vision loss from ethambutol but cleared to restart. No ocular involvement or glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 62.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "technician note, and agree with the documentation as noted above. i saw the patient with the resident and agree with the resident's findings and plan of care, with the exceptions as noted below. 62 y.o. female with recent diagnosis of suspected sarcoidosis involving lung, lns and bone, and PERSON on rifampin/ethambutol/azithromycin presents with: 1. ethambutol use for PERSON: - also on rifampin, azithromycin, bactrim; started meds DATE_TIME - previously on 1200 mg DATE_TIME po; in DATE_TIME noticed temporal blurring os and central vision loss ou; self-discontinued after being unable to reach our office - id needs her to be on multiple medications so she does not acquire resistance; here for ethambutol toxicity testing - dfe, LOCATION, hvf 24-2 all wnl - clear to restart ethambutol, but if symptoms recur she should stop and alternative meds for PERSON should be considered 2. sarcoidosis, ou: - with lung, lymph node, bone involvement; no evidence of ocular involvement - on plaquenil from DATE_TIME; restarted 200 mg bid LOCATION in DATE_TIME - started mtx 15 mg sq in DATE_TIME; stopped in march due to pandemic - currently on prednisone 12.5 mg DATE_TIME po 3. PERSON: - os>od, same in light and dark - longstanding per patient 4. punctal stenosis, ou: - longstanding; not too bothered by epiphora; monitor f/u in DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "62-year-old female with suspected sarcoidosis (lung, bone, lymph nodes), on rifampin/ethambutol/azithromycin. Experienced vision loss from ethambutol but cleared to restart. No ocular involvement or glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07232", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07232.jpg", "filename": "data_07232.npz", "report": "Patient has congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) in the left eye causing mild ganglion cell layer loss. MRI shows enlarged 4th ventricle but no signs of enlarged lateral ventricles. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 34.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "also had a congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (chrpe) in the left eye. his oct showed mild ganglion cell layer loss in the left eye in the superior-temporal region. i will therefore increase his diamox dose to 500 bid and obtain mrv. i will see him again in DATE_TIME (if mrv results are normal). the review of his mri images revealed enlarged 4th ventricle, and mega-cisterna magna, but no evidence of enlarged lateral ventricles. this raised a question of whether the disc edema was secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus, but i believe that the large 4th ventricle alone is simply the result of cerebellar vermal hypoplasia. impression: 1. increased intracranial pressure, ? etiology 2. irregular, pigmented choroidal lesion, os 3. congenital hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis plan: 1. continue diamox dose to 500 bid 2. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology clinic in DATE_TIME. follow up with dr. PERSON this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) in the left eye causing mild ganglion cell layer loss. MRI shows enlarged 4th ventricle but no signs of enlarged lateral ventricles. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07233", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07233.jpg", "filename": "data_07233.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma, intolerant to Travatan Z and Timolol, with thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. They also have cataracts but are noncritical and a likely meningioma.", "age": 70.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: travatan z, PERSON, timolol (ineffective), PERSON (no longer covered by insurance) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 24 / 24 central corneal thickness: 552 / 557 gonioscopy: d40f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior > superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior nasal step visual fields, left eye: superior arcuate and paracentral, inferior nasal step family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy, incidental finding of likely meningioma, htn assessment/plan: 70 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, moderate right eye, severe left eye - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty x2 ou (od DATE_TIME and os DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON, then od DATE_TIME and os DATE_TIME here) - diagnosed in DATE_TIME, followed in LOCATION before dr. PERSON acceptable ou, oct stable, vf fluctuating but overall stable and more reassuring than previous, though high fixation losses os likely causing missing prior superior paracentral depression - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol tid ou, brimonidine tid ou, rhopressa qhs ou (consolidate latanoprost and rhopressa to LOCATION if affordable once she runs out of rhopressa) - return in DATE_TIME for iop check - have started discussing potential trabeculectomy, but will monitor for now as long as stable # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma, intolerant to Travatan Z and Timolol, with thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. They also have cataracts but are noncritical and a likely meningioma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07234", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07234.jpg", "filename": "data_07234.npz", "report": "The patient appears visually stable, with no disc edema os noted. There is swelling and moderate pigmentary clumping around the left optic nerve, potentially making her susceptible to a subretinal neovascular membrane. No evidence of glaucoma.", "age": 44.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "formulation: this patient is stable visually. the exam from my last visit with her indicated that there was no disc edema os, but my formulation made clear that there was swelling. i doubt that there has been any change, and this has been achieved without diamox. i obtained oct imaging of the ganglion cell complex; the test seemed to have a segmentation error, despite the acceptable 'score' result. there is moderate pigmentary clumping around the left optic nerve, which had been previously noted. this change might make her susceptible to a subretinal neovascular membrane around the nerve head, but no suggestion of such is evident now. this can simply be followed. impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension 2. retinal detachment os status post scleral buckle and ppv recommendations: 1. return in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient appears visually stable, with no disc edema os noted. There is swelling and moderate pigmentary clumping around the left optic nerve, potentially making her susceptible to a subretinal neovascular membrane. No evidence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07235", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07235.jpg", "filename": "data_07235.npz", "report": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Intolerant to Vyzulta and brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layers show thinning, with visual field progression in right eye. Considering trabeculectomy due to IOP too high. Past cataract surgery in right eye.", "age": 76.14, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: vyzulta (ineffective); brimonidine (burning, itching) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 / 23 central corneal thickness: 452 / 460 gonioscopy: c35f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: advanced superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: advanced superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: inferior arcuate, superior paracentral visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate, possible early superior nasal step family history: son, sister steroids: previously for pmr trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: pmr assessment/plan: 76 y.o. female referred by dr. PERSON # primary open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou - dr. karalekas has been concerned about vf progression (new superior paracentral depression od) at iop in low teens and believed filtration surgery to keep iop in single digits may be necessary - testing DATE_TIME stable vs from PERSON, confirms progression od - iop too high od and borderline os on latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - discussed that trabeculectomy od likely best next step, could try selective laser trabeculoplasty od but less likely to get to target iop - scheduled to see dr. fine DATE_TIME, happy to see here again at any time # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye # s/p yag capsulotomy, right eye - monitor # cataract, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes. Intolerant to Vyzulta and brimonidine. Retinal nerve fiber layers show thinning, with visual field progression in right eye. Considering trabeculectomy due to IOP too high. Past cataract surgery in right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07236", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07236.jpg", "filename": "data_07236.npz", "report": "Patient has borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD), but no presence of glaucoma is stated. IOP of left eye (OS) is acceptable. Has allergic reaction to PG meds. Timolol showing excellent response.", "age": 68.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "it. - iop od still borderline, although hvf ou has been stable and full ou, DATE_TIME and 5/16 - iop os is acceptable without LOCATION, observe - iop goal below 20 od. developed allergy to pg, will stop pg - was seen by pcp recently, no diagnosis of asthma (per pcp), no side effects of timolol, excellent responce. current assessment & plan iop good DATE_TIME on LOCATION relatively stable and full ou hvf full ou plan: cont off glaucoma drops os cont cosopt od bid only follow-up DATE_TIME iop check refer to cornea for conj pigmentation os relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) other visit diagnoses benign tumor of conjunctiva, left relevant orders ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology PERSON, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has borderline intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD), but no presence of glaucoma is stated. IOP of left eye (OS) is acceptable. Has allergic reaction to PG meds. Timolol showing excellent response.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07237", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07237.jpg", "filename": "data_07237.npz", "report": "Patient referred for evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure. Severe visual field loss in right eye. No glaucoma medication. High intraocular pressure linked to inflammation.", "age": 38.47, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "diamox and intraocular pressure lower, referred here for evaluation. optical coherence tomography normal both eyes severe visual field loss right eye from PERSON. current assessment & plan still off medications for toxo, no medications for glaucoma. optical coherence tomography may be worse, likely from very high intraocular pressure at time of inflammation in DATE_TIME check intraocular pressure and repeat optical coherence tomography right eye return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop, cirrus ou.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for evaluation due to lowered intraocular pressure. Severe visual field loss in right eye. No glaucoma medication. High intraocular pressure linked to inflammation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07238", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07238.jpg", "filename": "data_07238.npz", "report": "Patient has early normal tension glaucoma. Pressures are above target, with minor inferior loss od but normal os. Corneas are thin with some superior thinning od. Latanoprost, alphagan and timolol are prescribed.", "age": 69.06, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) refractive: stable without glasses for distance -cont with otc for near 2) dry eyes: stable -artificial tears 3) retinal laser od: prob done for lattice - stable 4) early normal tension glaucoma: pressures are above target DATE_TIME. visual fields show with some minor inferior loss od (improved), but normal os; corneas are thin, the optical coherence tomography show some superior thinning od (stable). - cont latanoprost ou - target is low teens ou - cont alphagan ou bid or tid if he can - restart timolol ou bid - fell off his list somehow return in DATE_TIME for pressure check dfe: 3/21 vf: DATE_TIME gonio: 9/17 tmax: 17, 17 cct: 514, 513 fhx: maybe target iop: low teens 5) s/p phaco od (DATE_TIME): stable -only needs otc rx for near DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME): stable 7. pterygia ou: pt asymptomatic at this time -follow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early normal tension glaucoma. Pressures are above target, with minor inferior loss od but normal os. Corneas are thin with some superior thinning od. Latanoprost, alphagan and timolol are prescribed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07239", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07239.jpg", "filename": "data_07239.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis causing visual loss due to partial retinal artery infarction. Reduced prednisone to 40mg and started actemra. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 81.51, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "to decrease to 40mg po prednisone and to start actemra. diagnoses. 1. biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis, with visual loss os secondary to partial retinal artery infarction recommendations. 1. decrease to 40mg oral prednisone per rheumatology note 2. continue to follow with dr. PERSON 3. return to neuro-ophth DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: review of multiple unique tests (including serology and visual field); review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above), ordering unique tests); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. PERSON with respect to management, this patient has a high risk of morbidity related to drug management.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis causing visual loss due to partial retinal artery infarction. Reduced prednisone to 40mg and started actemra. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07240", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07240.jpg", "filename": "data_07240.npz", "report": "55-year-old female, a glaucoma suspect with family history (mother had glaucoma). Her eye pressure is normal, possible normal tension glaucoma in right eye. Ongoing monitoring required.", "age": 55.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 yof 1. refractive error -mrx given at previous visit 2. was on plaquenil in the past for LOCATION DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME. des ou use artificial tears 4. glaucoma suspect ou cd 0.7 ou with inferior rim thinning od mother had glaucoma iop ok cct DATE_TIME previously oct full (DATE_TIME) hvf (DATE_TIME) reliable od- suggests superior arcuate unreliable os- nonspecific defects >>possible normal tension glaucoma od - given pressure is 12 ou - monitor for now -follow up in DATE_TIME with hvf repeat i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old female, a glaucoma suspect with family history (mother had glaucoma). Her eye pressure is normal, possible normal tension glaucoma in right eye. Ongoing monitoring required.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07241", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07241.jpg", "filename": "data_07241.npz", "report": "66 yo woman suspected of glaucoma but of low suspicion, due to positive family history. Stable OCT RNFL; also has extramacular drusen, nuclear cataracts (not visually significant), and dry eyes.", "age": 66.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a 66 yo woman here for a complete exam. 1. Glaucoma suspect, low suspicion TC 15/16 OU Based on + FHx IOP good with avg CCT 573/569 HVF 7/2011, 3/2021, 10/2022 full ou Disc photos done 9/25/20 OCT RNFL 9/25/20-demonstrates borderline thin superiorly OS Stable OCT RNFL 10/22 Continue to monitor-low suspicion 2. Extramacular drusen - healthy macula OU - Stable 3. Nuclear cataracts OU -not visually significant, BCVA 20/20/20/15 OU -discussed with pt diagnosis and symptoms of cataracts, prognosis and treatment options when visually significant -monitor for now 4. Dry eyes both eyes Punctate keratitis both eyes Symptomatic lately Recommend: Refresh pres free BID and prn Can reassess if needs further therapy next visit or sooner prn Plan: RTC 1 year for complete exam with OCT RNFL, HVF 24-2 sooner prn concerns PERSON, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "66 yo woman suspected of glaucoma but of low suspicion, due to positive family history. Stable OCT RNFL; also has extramacular drusen, nuclear cataracts (not visually significant), and dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07242", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07242.jpg", "filename": "data_07242.npz", "report": "Patient had a CE/IOL surgery, is now doing well. They are expected to attend a glaucoma service for a HVF 24-2 test soon.", "age": 88.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "aimed-2.00 # s/p ce/iol os (aimed -2.25) - doing well, observe rtc to glaucoma service at lw in the next DATE_TIME with repeat hvf 24-2 rtc to me prn (can see cos at lw if needed as i will be at malden Institution site) PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a CE/IOL surgery, is now doing well. They are expected to attend a glaucoma service for a HVF 24-2 test soon.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07243", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07243.jpg", "filename": "data_07243.npz", "report": "44-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to moderately enlarged C/d ratio. Other tests like IOP, CCT, and OCT RNFL were normal. She also has a history of HZV dermatitis, myopia, and uses contact lenses, which she often finds blurry.", "age": 44.43, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "44 yro female 1. Glaucoma suspect OU secondary moderate enlarged C/d ratio OU - F/h glaucoma: father - IOP today: 15/15 - C/d ratio OD: 0.60; OS: 0.55; rim healthy OU - CCT today 2021: 581/580 - OCT RNFL in 2017, 2020 and today 2021: WNL OU - HVF 2020 and today 2021: full OU - Pt edu, will monitor yearly with OCT and fundus phote 2. H/o HZV dermatitis, involving right upper and lower lids - Resolved on DATE_TIME 3. Myopia astigmatism OU - Small change in OU - New Rx=Mrx given to Pt 4. SCLs wearer - Current Acuvue Oasys spherical, Pt feels blurry with CLs; wears glasses more often; interested in toric lens to improve vision - discussed dailies vs biweekly vs monthly toric; Pt prefers biweekly - Good fit with Acuvue Oasys for astigmatism OU; Pt is happy with OR vision OU - Will order trial lens today and deliver to Pt's home - Pt can purchase lens if likes them; CLs Rx given to Pt. - Still has lots supply at home; will RTC next year for toric CLs fitting - CLs hygiene edu Pt. No sleeping, showering or swimming in CLs. Replace every two weeks. Wear less than 12 hours per day. Annual CLs exam. RTC sooner and d/c CLs if experience pain, redness or blurry vision.", "gpt4_summary": "44-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to moderately enlarged C/d ratio. Other tests like IOP, CCT, and OCT RNFL were normal. She also has a history of HZV dermatitis, myopia, and uses contact lenses, which she often finds blurry.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07244", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07244.jpg", "filename": "data_07244.npz", "report": "73 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Request made to fax note to Rhode Island Eye Institute.", "age": 73.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 73 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. hi corinne, can you please fax this note to PERSON at rhode island eye institute at PHONE_NUMBER? thanks, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "73 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Request made to fax note to Rhode Island Eye Institute.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07245", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07245.jpg", "filename": "data_07245.npz", "report": "The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The physician also spent considerable time counseling and coordinating care for the patient's condition.\n", "age": 78.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prn. if good result obtained od, we'll proceed with same os (we'd taper up to pf qd ou once healed). i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note indicates that the patient has glaucoma. The physician also spent considerable time counseling and coordinating care for the patient's condition.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07246", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07246.jpg", "filename": "data_07246.npz", "report": "68-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. He is on oral anti-diabetics, has an HgA1c of 5.9, but shows no diabetic retinopathy. He is taking latanoprost inconsistently for his glaucoma. He also has a refractive error and corneal guttae.", "age": 69.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 y.o. male presents for follow-up. 1. dm > DATE_TIME hga1c 5.9 on oral anti-diabetics no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on undilated exam DATE_TIME. glaucoma suspect tmax 22/22 patient taking latanoprost ou x DATE_TIME, misses dose once a week. does not take always at the same time but tries to take DATE_TIME. no family hx of glaucoma endopigment, some pigment in anterior capsule but no tids pachymetry 547/547: true iop same as measured hvf DATE_TIME: ?enlarged blind spots ou, possible inf defect os hvf DATE_TIME: borderline performance os with scattered inferior defects; od full hvf DATE_TIME: od non specific defects, os again with possible inferior defect hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, non-specific defects ou (no inf def os) hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON: likely full oct rnfl9/6/18: od sup temp borderline. os inf thin, sup temp borderline DATE_TIME od temporal borderline, os temporal borderline (stable) DATE_TIME: od temporal borderline, os temporal and inferior borderline (stable) DATE_TIME: od temp thin/ os temp and inf thin iop borderline both eyes (measured 18/19 by me after dilation) 3. refractive error does not want new rx DATE_TIME. corneal guttae/pigment no edema, no morning blurriness monitor rec: continue latanoprost qd ou recheck iop in DATE_TIME, no need for dilation", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old male suspected of having glaucoma. He is on oral anti-diabetics, has an HgA1c of 5.9, but shows no diabetic retinopathy. He is taking latanoprost inconsistently for his glaucoma. He also has a refractive error and corneal guttae.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07247", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07247.jpg", "filename": "data_07247.npz", "report": "The patient has stable glaucoma and cataracts. They are advised to use preservative-free artificial tears 4-6 times a day and to have regular optometry follow-ups. Poor adherence could lead to disease progression.", "age": 60.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "chilled preservative-free artificial tears 4-6x/day ou. -start refresh pm qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with optometry as needed for glasses. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME (re-printed from DATE_TIME). -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: i discussed patient's stable hvf, oct, and iop, which indicates stable glaucoma as well as stable cataracts, which are not yet visually-significant (i.e., 2 stable chronic illnesses). we explained the importance of utilizing preservative-free artificial tears every DATE_TIME while staring at screens or reading for prolonged periods of time. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. prescription drug management was performed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider placing punctal plugs ou in the future (0.7mm ou). the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable glaucoma and cataracts. They are advised to use preservative-free artificial tears 4-6 times a day and to have regular optometry follow-ups. Poor adherence could lead to disease progression.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07248", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07248.jpg", "filename": "data_07248.npz", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, mild intraocular pressure elevation, and a family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL shows borderline thinning in the right eye. High myopia detected.", "age": 68.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: nuclear sclerosis ou pvd ou mild iop elevation; +fh glaucoma. oct rnfl with borderline inf thinning od, full os. stable. hvf full ou; PERSON ou refr error (high myopia) plan: continue to monitor off drops, yrly with repeat hvf and oct wang pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, mild intraocular pressure elevation, and a family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL shows borderline thinning in the right eye. High myopia detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07249", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07249.jpg", "filename": "data_07249.npz", "report": "Patient prescribed series of Prednisolone doses for both eyes and Dorzolamide for left eye 2x daily. Brimonidine also prescribed 2x a day for left eye. Potential glaucoma present.", "age": 80.37, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency prednisolone (rosada o PERSON ambos ojos 4 veces al d\u00a1a por 2 semanas y entonces, 3 veces al d\u00a1a por 2 semanas y entonces, 2 veces al d\u00a1a por 2 semanas y entonces, 1 vez al d\u00a1a por 2 semanas y entonces, un d\u00a1a s\u00a1 un d\u00a1a no por 2 semanas, y despu\u0082s pare. preservative free artificial tears PERSON veces al d\u00a1a dorzolamide/trusopt (naranja)& ojo izquierdo 2 veces al d\u00a1a brimonidine/alphagan3 (purpura) ojo izquierdo 2 veces al d\u00a1a 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication (topical steroid) include: prednisolone acetate, pred forte, durezol, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, loteprednol, fluorometholone. prednisolone should be shaken 20 times before placing it in the eye. & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. for routine questions,", "gpt4_summary": "Patient prescribed series of Prednisolone doses for both eyes and Dorzolamide for left eye 2x daily. Brimonidine also prescribed 2x a day for left eye. Potential glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07250", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07250.jpg", "filename": "data_07250.npz", "report": "76-year old male with cutaneous melanoma history. Has subconjunctival hemorrhage & possible early open-angle glaucoma in right eye. On latanoprost treatment. Post cataract surgery in left eye. Has conjunctival melanosis right eye and benign hyperpigmentation on lll.", "age": 76.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "76 m hx cutaneous melanoma # subconjunctival hemorrhage, right eye. asymptomatic incidental finding DATE_TIME. - reassured patient of benign and self-limited nature of the condition. # ocular hypertension vs early open-angle glaucoma, right eye. has been on latanoprost qhs ou [ fhx: no [ tmax: 33,21 [ cct: 567,576 [ gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb 360 ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou [ DATE_TIME: borderline inf thinning od, borderline temp thinning os (stable) - no significant change in testing vs DATE_TIME. target iop < 24. - iop acceptable at this time; continue latanoprost ou qhs \u00ff\u00ff # s/p cataract surgery, left eye (phaco/pciol DATE_TIME PERSON), doing well. \u00ff # cataract, right eye, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff\u00ff # conjunctival melanosis, right eye - no significant change from prior photos DATE_TIME - monitor \u00ff # recent malignant melanoma in-situ from right face (DATE_TIME). hx of similar type of lesion removed DATE_TIME - small areas of hyperpigmentation on lll, benign appearing with no new changes - continue to follow-up with dermatology, as scheduled \u00ff rtc DATE_TIME with oct, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "76-year old male with cutaneous melanoma history. Has subconjunctival hemorrhage & possible early open-angle glaucoma in right eye. On latanoprost treatment. Post cataract surgery in left eye. Has conjunctival melanosis right eye and benign hyperpigmentation on lll.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07251", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07251.jpg", "filename": "data_07251.npz", "report": "66-year-old male with diabetic history had a follow-up for glaucoma testing. He has quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and vitreous hemorrhage. Both eyes have increased cup/disc ratio. No intervention required presently.", "age": 66.93, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 m hx dm for f/u glaucoma testing last a1c reported to be 8.6 # quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy, left eye, s/p panretinal photocoagulation and anti-vegf injections (DATE_TIME LOCATION). at the time with vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye. # s/p focal macular laser, both eyes. - importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - refer to retina for evaluation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which appears quiescent at this time. has appt with PERSON DATE_TIME # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ cct DATE_TIME 556/551 [ DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON with nasal defect (likely retinal) and superior defect (retinal vs rim artifact) od; central defect (liekly retinal) and sup/inf defect (retinal vs rim artifact) os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # s/p cataract surgery, both eyes (approx DATE_TIME), doing well # old posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes. no retinal breaks seen. - monitor; return for new symptoms. # refractive error, needs to update glasses. - updated rx given at last visit rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "66-year-old male with diabetic history had a follow-up for glaucoma testing. He has quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye and vitreous hemorrhage. Both eyes have increased cup/disc ratio. No intervention required presently.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07252", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07252.jpg", "filename": "data_07252.npz", "report": "Patient has history of glaucoma suspicion, is on timolol and latanoprost meds, and has 20/26 cataract with early pseudoexfoliation, erm, drusen, pvd and dry eyes. Needs glaucoma consultation.", "age": 79.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: hx glaucoma vs. glaucoma suspect ou--dr. PERSON on timolol os and latanoprost ou; tmax 20/26 cataract ou with early pseudoexfoliation ou erm and drusen ou (dr. PERSON young) pvd ou dry os>od refr error plan: cont current meds pres-free tears ou qid rx=m for now needs consultation with glaucoma service (re cataract and pxf glaucoma)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of glaucoma suspicion, is on timolol and latanoprost meds, and has 20/26 cataract with early pseudoexfoliation, erm, drusen, pvd and dry eyes. Needs glaucoma consultation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07253", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07253.jpg", "filename": "data_07253.npz", "report": "Patient referred by husband, does not have glaucoma and is not a suspect. Negative history for all glaucoma risk factors. Issues with vision clarity and navigation with glasses, likely due to progressive lenses. No glaucoma procedures or notable medical issues. Has mild, non-visually significant cataracts. Hyperopia in both eyes and uses progressive lenses. Recommended updating glasses prescription and using separate pairs for reading and distance.", "age": 64.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient referred by husband (pt of dr. LOCATION), first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME. pt does not have glaucoma and is not a glaucoma suspect glaucoma risk factors: negative family history of glaucoma or blindness, negative history of longterm steroids, negative history of eye trauma central corneal thickness: 538 / 561 (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: open to ciliary body band/ss tmax: ( ) / ( ) target iop: / refractive error wrx: od +2.50. -0.50. 065 / os +2.50. -0.50. 100 glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: negative history of asthma negative history of bradycardia negative sulfa allergy negative history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: full ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: full ou # cataracts both eyes, mild and not visually significant # refractive error both eyes, hyperopia plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 10.9 11.5 , acceptable od, acceptable PERSON is a new pt to me, her husband PERSON sees me for glaucoma management. pt reports she cannot see 'anything' clearly without her glasses, and with her glasses she cannot navigate things like stairs well. she is a hyperope and is wearing progressives. exam otherwise relatively normal and her visual field is full. i suspect the progressive lenses are making it hard for her to look downward at stairs. we discussed. she is also due to update her glasses. i recommended an updated prescription and to have 2 separate pairs of glasses - one for reading, and one for distance. she will see an optometrist for this. last dilated exam: DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: return to glaucoma clinic prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred by husband, does not have glaucoma and is not a suspect. Negative history for all glaucoma risk factors. Issues with vision clarity and navigation with glasses, likely due to progressive lenses. No glaucoma procedures or notable medical issues. Has mild, non-visually significant cataracts. Hyperopia in both eyes and uses progressive lenses. Recommended updating glasses prescription and using separate pairs for reading and distance.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07254", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07254.jpg", "filename": "data_07254.npz", "report": "Patient consulted for second opinion on glaucoma diagnosis. Exposure to high levels of touline, lead and mercury in past noted. Indications of early glaucoma observed (borderline retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes, closed gonioscopy). Prior glaucoma surgery not listed. confirmatory visual field testing recommended, with possible drop treatment. Reviewed need for lifelong follow-up to lower risk of permanent vision loss. Follow-up in 3 months.", "age": 56.76, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: second opinion glaucoma prev seen at bi, no records toxic exposure - touline (high levels), lead and mercury (explosion in building DATE_TIME) ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) cct: 525 / 525 gonioscopy: closed in 2 quadrants but i suspect this is no angle closure refractive error: PERSON. -0.25. 123 / os +0.25. -0.50. 080 optic nerve: rnfl oct: large nerves, borderline retinal nerve fiber layer inferior both eyes vf: superior defects both eyes that match retinal nerve fiber layer med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: -- od / -- os other eye surgery: -- od/ -- PERSON:father (lost vision) / steroids: no/ asthma: no / trauma: as above # [other eye problems] pmhx: hrt, thyroid disease ( no levothyroxine) engineer plan: reviewed prior records - heidelberg rnfl oct shows thinning as of DATE_TIME but maybe a little worse in DATE_TIME mixed picture, moderate angles but does not match angle closure picture completely intraocular pressure is borderline no laser peripheral iridotomy indicated at this time but would monitor there is signs of early glaucoma recommend confirmatory visual field testing before picking target intraocular pressure and starting drops (selective laser trabeculoplasty would not be easy with her anatomy) diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for this patient's glaucoma, and finalizing the visit for this patient. return to clinic 3 mths for visual field , dilation and disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "Patient consulted for second opinion on glaucoma diagnosis. Exposure to high levels of touline, lead and mercury in past noted. Indications of early glaucoma observed (borderline retinal nerve fiber layer in both eyes, closed gonioscopy). Prior glaucoma surgery not listed. confirmatory visual field testing recommended, with possible drop treatment. Reviewed need for lifelong follow-up to lower risk of permanent vision loss. Follow-up in 3 months.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07255", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07255.jpg", "filename": "data_07255.npz", "report": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia with good vision (20/15) in both eyes. History of crvo in left eye and struggling to control blood pressure. OCT RNFL in right eye is normal, slightly thin in left. Has diabetes but controls blood sugar well. Mild cataracts present. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 49.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "hyperopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou bcva 20/15 ou rx given hx of crvo os pt reports struggling to control bp will find his medical records oct rnfl normal od slightly thin os. PERSON normal od slightly thin os. PERSON ou. PERSON done dm2 no bdr good a1c pt reports being able to control blood sugar, but struggles with controlling blood pressure hgb a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 5.9 (*) 4.2 - 5.8 % final mild cataracts ou observe, not visually significant pt reports some glare, uses tinting in glasses f/u in DATE_TIME for hvf 24-2, oct, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia with good vision (20/15) in both eyes. History of crvo in left eye and struggling to control blood pressure. OCT RNFL in right eye is normal, slightly thin in left. Has diabetes but controls blood sugar well. Mild cataracts present. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07256", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07256.jpg", "filename": "data_07256.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not specify the presence of glaucoma. It mentions conditions for MRI examination, and a history of hypertension, migraine, obesity, carpal tunnel syndrome among others.", "age": 36.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "stimulator or pump, you must bring device specifics to the exam i.e. manufacture, model number and serial number. if you have claustrophobia, refer to your physician regarding the use of a sedative prior to the exam. if you have a metallic foreign body (eye), obtain an xray of orbit/s prior to mri if you are pregnant, refer to your physician and consider rescheduling as contrast agent must not be used. it may not be possible to undergo an mri if you have any of the following conditions: heart pacemaker, metal in the eye, intracranial aneurysm clips, claustrophobia or are currently breast feeding an infant. children who are not patients are not allowed to enter the scan room for their safety. please make alternative arrangements for them or have another adult accompany you to watch your child in the waiting room while you are having your scan. DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON LOCATION, md; Institution neuro room 11 division of immunologic, inflammatory, and infectious neurological disorders DATE_TIME am PERSON, PERSONtitution neuro oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME history of exposure to noxious chemical carrier of hereditary disease history of abnormal cervical pap smear drug abuse stopped smoking history of essential hypertension migraine obesity carpal tunnel syndrome results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not specify the presence of glaucoma. It mentions conditions for MRI examination, and a history of hypertension, migraine, obesity, carpal tunnel syndrome among others.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07257", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07257.jpg", "filename": "data_07257.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. No mention of glaucoma is indicated.", "age": 79.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "mf) as planned 2. continue follow up with URLng and LOCATION. return to neuro-ophthalmology if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition. No mention of glaucoma is indicated.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07258", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07258.jpg", "filename": "data_07258.npz", "report": "27 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 27.93, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 27 y.o. black, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "27 y.o. black, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07259", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07259.jpg", "filename": "data_07259.npz", "report": "68 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 68.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 68 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "68 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07260", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07260.jpg", "filename": "data_07260.npz", "report": "The patient had an episode of partial, painless, monocular 'graying'. Retinal vasospasm suspected, but retinal embolic event is less likely. Incidental vitreous cell and vitreoretinal traction of unclear cause were noted. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 67.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "at the origin the right internal carotid artery causing mild narrowing. impression and recommendations: in summary, mr. PERSON's episode of partial, painless, monocular 'graying' lasting for DATE_TIME appears most consistent with retinal vasospasm. suspicion is reduced for a retinal embolic event given mr. PERSON's systemic anticoagulation at time of symptom onset, unrevealing vascular imaging, and absence of retinal ischemia on initial examination or on oct, although follow-up brain mri to assess for evidence of cerebral embolism would nevertheless be informative. the duration of his symptoms is otherwise atypical for amaurosis fugax, and no culpable carotid stenosis was identified on cta of the head and neck. incidental note was again made on mr. PERSON's examination of vitreous cell and vitreoretinal traction of unclear etiology, for which we discussed uveitis referral for further evaluation, particularly in light of his prior episode of aseptic meningitis and thyroiditis. given the subtle accompanying right optic neuropathy noted on examination, addition of contrast-enhanced mri of the orbits to his planned mri of the brain would be informative in excluding an alternate process. i will plan to see mr. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although he understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in mr. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had an episode of partial, painless, monocular 'graying'. Retinal vasospasm suspected, but retinal embolic event is less likely. Incidental vitreous cell and vitreoretinal traction of unclear cause were noted. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07261", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07261.jpg", "filename": "data_07261.npz", "report": "The patient is a 59 y/o male with severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in the right eye. The left eye is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio. The patient had trauma and surgery but is now stable.", "age": 59.76, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 33 / 18 central corneal thickness: 506 / 479 gonioscopy: d35f 3+ ou, total of DATE_TIME of angle recession superotemporal and superonasal od retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no focal thinning visual fields, right eye: dense paracentral superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: 250 lb water pressure to DATE_TIME asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: PERSON assessment/plan: 59 y.o. male # mixed mechanism glaucoma, severe, right eye # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, left eye - may have had elevated pressures after trauma and surgery in DATE_TIME but well controlled at Institution after presenting in DATE_TIME other than brief elevation after cataract surgery od - superotemporal and superonasal angle recession PERSON acceptable ou - oct od worse, os stable; vf stable ou - continue dorzolamide/timolol bid od - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/p retinal detachment repair, right eye (1980s) - history of trauma and rd surgery # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye (DATE_TIME, sn60wf +17.5 d, aim -1.25, drs. PERSON/weinert) - was dense white cataract, no intraoperative zonular issues despite trauma history - monitor posterior capsular opacification # cataract, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor - next appointment with dr. tainsh DATE_TIME ashley hestand scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 59 y/o male with severe mixed mechanism glaucoma in the right eye. The left eye is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio. The patient had trauma and surgery but is now stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07262", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07262.jpg", "filename": "data_07262.npz", "report": "Female with myopia and early presbyopia. Suspected low risk glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry, myopia, blue eyes, and NRP ethnicity. Normal rnfl, gcl, and hvf in both eyes. No family history of glaucoma. Papillomas on upper lids.", "age": 42.14, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female 1. myopia od with early presbyopia ou minimal distance correction has glasses for computer and reading 2. low susp. glaucoma/ pxf suspect c/d asym, blue eyes, NRP ethnicity, and myopia are risk factors DATE_TIME) rnfl and gcl normal both eyes DATE_TIME: normal both eyes hvf DATE_TIME: full both eyes (lid artifact os) PERSON 0 ou no fmhx low suspicion on my exam 3. papillomas upper lids both eyes interested in referral to oculoplastics follow-up DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Female with myopia and early presbyopia. Suspected low risk glaucoma due to c/d asymmetry, myopia, blue eyes, and NRP ethnicity. Normal rnfl, gcl, and hvf in both eyes. No family history of glaucoma. Papillomas on upper lids.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07263", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07263.jpg", "filename": "data_07263.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of pinguecula, myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia in both eyes, all stable. No mention of glaucoma. Goals for intraocular pressure set for both eyes. Encouraged tight control of blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol.", "age": 54.93, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "h/o pinguecula, both eyes -stable. 6. myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia, both eyes -stable. 7. social/systemic issues: referred by dr. PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of pinguecula, myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia in both eyes, all stable. No mention of glaucoma. Goals for intraocular pressure set for both eyes. Encouraged tight control of blood glucose, pressure, and cholesterol.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07264", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07264.jpg", "filename": "data_07264.npz", "report": "70-year-old white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma or recurrence of trauma. Further examination planned.", "age": 70.15, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 70 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. trauma. - no recurrence off drops fu DATE_TIME mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma or recurrence of trauma. Further examination planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07265", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07265.jpg", "filename": "data_07265.npz", "report": "The patient is a 56-year-old female, suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, but testing was overall reassuring. No glaucoma treatment initiated, future monitoring planned. Other conditions include myopic degeneration and mild cataracts.", "age": 56.24, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 518 / 504 gonioscopy: D45f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: parapapillary retinoschisis, anomalous myopic nerve retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior thinning, anomalous myopic nerve visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: superior arcuate (may be related to myopic anomalous nerve) family history: mother (narrow angles) steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, raynaud's assessment/plan: 56 y.o. female radiology scheduler # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - myopic, tilted nerves with ppa - overall reassuring vf and oct testing, superior arcuate os may be related to myopia - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf, oct # s/p PERSON, both eyes (DATE_TIME) - done at tlc in LOCATION, PERSON, pre-LASIK -9.25 sph od and -9.75 -0.50 x 180 os - myopic regression, tlc told her not a good candidate for refractive enhancement - next appointment with PERSON DATE_TIME # myopic degeneration, both eyes - foveoschisis and parapapillary retinoschisis od and inferior retinoschisis os captured on oct, lattice degeneration od - next appointment with PERSON PERSON DATE_TIME # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 56-year-old female, suspected of glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, but testing was overall reassuring. No glaucoma treatment initiated, future monitoring planned. Other conditions include myopic degeneration and mild cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07266", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07266.jpg", "filename": "data_07266.npz", "report": "63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 63.69, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07267", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07267.jpg", "filename": "data_07267.npz", "report": "The patient has possible glaucoma. The user is sacrificing Alphagan medication for potentially better options. If the intraocular pressure (IOP) is above goal next visit, he recommends SLT surgery. Strict goal for IOP is 17mmHg. The patient had SLT surgery and may need NRP gel stent.", "age": 31.49, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pf medications os. i am sacrificing alphagan in doing this (no pf version), so if iop above goal os next visit, i will strongly recommend slt os in an attempt to spare her alphagan or other glaucoma drops (like rhopressa). given possible worsening of oct os (although still normal), i do think 17 mmhg should be a strict goal os, which may need to be lowered if further worsening noted in the future. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given persistently elevated iop above goal os and limited glaucoma medication options, we proceeded with slt os 360\u00f8 with lowest energy levels possible on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf ou, and oct rnfl/gcc os (by experienced technician), sooner prn. if oct worsening confirmed, consider rhopressa/vyzulta/repeat slt os with goal of <12 mmhg. she may ultimately need NRP gel stent os. the information above was documented by zoe ingram as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has possible glaucoma. The user is sacrificing Alphagan medication for potentially better options. If the intraocular pressure (IOP) is above goal next visit, he recommends SLT surgery. Strict goal for IOP is 17mmHg. The patient had SLT surgery and may need NRP gel stent.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07268", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07268.jpg", "filename": "data_07268.npz", "report": "22 y.o. male has moderate myopia, transient blurry peripheral vision in right eye, and optic disc edema in both eyes but more in right eye. Patient denies headaches. MRI showed no abnormality. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 22.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "22 y.o. man in good general health. lives in LOCATION. no records available from past eye exam or imaging on epic. accompanied by his mom. 1. moderate myopia - bcva 20/20 ou 2. transient blurry peripheral PERSON noticed blurriness on lateral periphery of od when wearing glasses and contact lenses - only occurs at DATE_TIME for about one year - fluid appearance in periphery but never in os - DATE_TIME: hvf 24-2 ou completely full and reliable 3. optic disc edema od > os - blurred disc margin od, os elevated, see photos and disc DATE_TIME if related to #2 or incidental finding - denies headaches, hvf 24-2 full ou - had mri done DATE_TIME by PERSON (optometrist) LOCATION eye health in providence, per self report normal findings. but could not remember anything was said about his optic nerve - unclear duration plan - mrx dispensed DATE_TIME - discussion of above diagnoses - recommended going to Institution ew for neuro-op evaluation. called ew and gave the hand-off to ew resident by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME 9:57 am", "gpt4_summary": "22 y.o. male has moderate myopia, transient blurry peripheral vision in right eye, and optic disc edema in both eyes but more in right eye. Patient denies headaches. MRI showed no abnormality. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07269", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07269.jpg", "filename": "data_07269.npz", "report": "Patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has evidence of right optic neuropathy, questioning pale left optic nerve. Asymmetry of the optic nerve cups qualifies her as a glaucoma suspect. Regular eye exams and neurology follow-ups are recommended.", "age": 52.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "neuroimaging: mri brain DATE_TIME: scattered t2/flair hyperintense lesions in the periventricular, juxtacortical and periatrial white matter, similar to the prior study and consistent with the patient's known diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. no new lesions or abnormal enhancement identified. formulation: this patient with a history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and episode of optic neuritis on the right eye in DATE_TIME who was referred here for evaluation. my exam revealed a right optic neuropathy with right rapd and mild color desaturation, with a pale optic nerve head. i question if the left optic nerve is pale. there is clear asymmetry of the optic nerve cups (larger od), which qualifies her as a glaucoma suspect. her efferent function is normal. she should continue to follow with her neurologist at the multiple sclerosis clinic and follow up with a general ophthalmologist for DATE_TIME eye exams. i recommended obtaining progressive lenses as i suspect that her report of generalized blurry vision is in part related to the fact that she generally wears distance only glasses. currently, she has three pairs of glasses: distance; intermediate and near. impression: 1. relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis 2. uncorrected near/intermediate vision (with her distance glasses) 3. glaucoma suspect recommendations: 1. recommend progressive glasses 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has evidence of right optic neuropathy, questioning pale left optic nerve. Asymmetry of the optic nerve cups qualifies her as a glaucoma suspect. Regular eye exams and neurology follow-ups are recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07270", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07270.jpg", "filename": "data_07270.npz", "report": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON and has Pigmentary Glaucoma, moderate in right eye, mild in left. Measures taken include selective laser trabeculoplasty. Brimonidine, Latanoprost, and Dorzolamide/Timolol were prescribed.", "age": 27.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 38 / 43 central corneal thickness: 518 / 535 corneal hysteresis: 8.7 / 10.3 gonioscopy: e50f 4++ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior thinning, nasally shifted superior peak retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: nasally shifted superior peak visual fields, right eye: superior nasal step into arcuate visual fields, left eye: full family history: possibly great grandparent steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 27 y.o. male in oncology biotech # pigmentary glaucoma, moderate right eye, mild left eye - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME) - incidental finding of iop 38/40 on DATE_TIME when started by dr. PERSON on brimonidine bid ou, then added latanoprost qhs ou and dorzolamide/timolol bid ou DATE_TIME and stopped brimonidine DATE_TIME - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct roughly ou, confirming prior changes from DATE_TIME where oct new baseline possibly after catch-up structural changes from when iop previously very elevated at first presentation - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient visited Dr. PERSON and has Pigmentary Glaucoma, moderate in right eye, mild in left. Measures taken include selective laser trabeculoplasty. Brimonidine, Latanoprost, and Dorzolamide/Timolol were prescribed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07271", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07271.jpg", "filename": "data_07271.npz", "report": "The patient is an 86-year-old female diagnosed with severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes. There's thinning in retinal nerve fibre layers and visual field defects noted. She is intolerant to glaucoma medication, experiencing nausea. She has had glaucoma surgeries previously.", "age": 87.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: PERSON (nausea) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 19.5 / 32 central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: d40f 2+ od, d40f 3+ focal pas around NRP entry os retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: high false negatives, superior > inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: inferior > superior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: atrial fibrillation on eliquis, s/p ppm, hld, hypothyroidism, anxiety, depression, s/p right inguinal hernia repair assessment/plan: 86 y.o. female # pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p selective laser NRP, LOCATION/trabeculectomy od (DATE_TIME), phaco/xen os (DATE_TIME, PERSON PERSON) - has moved permanently to LOCATION instead of returning to maine for care with dr. PERSON borderline od, acceptable os, stopped timolol due to nausea - continue LOCATION qhs ou, PERSON, PERSON 0.1% tid ou, rhopressa qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, cct, disc photos # s/PERSON, both eyes - monitor # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is an 86-year-old female diagnosed with severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in both eyes. There's thinning in retinal nerve fibre layers and visual field defects noted. She is intolerant to glaucoma medication, experiencing nausea. She has had glaucoma surgeries previously.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07272", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07272.jpg", "filename": "data_07272.npz", "report": "Patient has mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye, suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Additionally, patient has a choroidal nevus in the left eye and mild cataracts in both eyes.", "age": 75.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: no treatment target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: DATE_TIME (by PERSON, DATE_TIME by gat) central corneal thickness: 583 / 572 corneal hysteresis: 8.3 / 8.6 gonioscopy: d40f 3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior > superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no focal thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: history of prednisone use with chemo, no current steroid use. trauma: none asthma/copd: copd other medical history and problems: breast cancer, lung cancer, atrial fibrillation/flutter s/p ablation (DATE_TIME) on aspirin 325mg DATE_TIME, htn, hypothyroidism assessment/plan: 75 y.o. female referred by dr. PERSON # normal tension glaucoma, mild, right eye # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, left eye - start latanoprost qhs ou DATE_TIME, added brimonidine bid od when disc heme od found DATE_TIME - iop improved but may need more aggressive treatment od given new disc heme od, acceptable os - vf full ou - add brimonidine bid od, continue latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # choroidal nevus, left eye - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, plan for phaco/migs in future PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild normal tension glaucoma in the right eye, suspected glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in left eye. Additionally, patient has a choroidal nevus in the left eye and mild cataracts in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07273", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07273.jpg", "filename": "data_07273.npz", "report": "Patient has anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, history of acute angle closure in the right eye and hyperopia. Closed gonioscopy was reported in both eyes. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes. No medications as intraocular pressure is fine.", "age": 71.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis:anatomically narrow angles both eyes, history of acute angle closure od (DATE_TIME), +3d hyperope target iop: / , tmax: 53 (DATE_TIME) / 21 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: closed both eyes refractive error: PERSON. -0.75. 005 / os +3.00. -0.50. 130 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: bradycardia with timolol in LOCATION ed glaucoma procedures right eye: laser peripheral iridotomy glaucoma procedures left eye: laser peripheral iridotomy other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: plan: intraocular pressure great on no medications. reviewed cataract extraction and she prefers to hold off for now given that she is doing well.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, history of acute angle closure in the right eye and hyperopia. Closed gonioscopy was reported in both eyes. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy for glaucoma in both eyes. No medications as intraocular pressure is fine.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07274", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07274.jpg", "filename": "data_07274.npz", "report": "The patient is a 56-year-old woman possibly at risk for glaucoma (her father has it but no vision loss). She shows signs including optic disc asymmetry and thin corneas. Other conditions mentioned: blepharitis, refractive error/presbyopia.", "age": 56.3, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "56 yo woman with a history of anxiety, psoriasis (s/p multiple phototherapy sessions)] PERSON (maternal grandmother had thoracic aneurysm), PERSON glaucoma (father- ?uses drops, but no significant vision loss) PERSON (mother- legally blind) new patient DATE_TIME 1. glaucoma suspect od>os (c/d asymmetry, PERSON) tmax 16 ou. cct DATE_TIME (thin). PERSON (father ?uses drops, but no significant vision loss) -no h/o steroids 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, inferior rim loss. os full, reliable DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, larger LOCATION disc photos DATE_TIME >> will follow 2. blepharitis with recurrent chalazia - first every chalazia x2 in DATE_TIME >> wcs/lid scrubs/ats 3. refractive error/presbyopia - updated mrx provided DATE_TIME (thinks she wants a pair of glasses for distance for driving and to use otcs for reading) PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 56-year-old woman possibly at risk for glaucoma (her father has it but no vision loss). She shows signs including optic disc asymmetry and thin corneas. Other conditions mentioned: blepharitis, refractive error/presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07275", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07275.jpg", "filename": "data_07275.npz", "report": "The 61 y/o male patient from medical billing had a general eye exam due to referral from Glaucoma services. He has anisometropia, presbyopia, dry eye syndrome, insignificant cataracts, and mild stage, primary open-angle glaucoma. Family history includes glaucoma.", "age": 61.38, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 y/o male who works in medical billing and does ir coding for partners. presents here DATE_TIME for general eye exam with refraction. referred by PERSON (glaucoma service). assessment: 1. anisometropia, hyperopia with astigmatism os>od, presbyopia longstanding anisometropia. tolerates spectacle correction well. mrx DATE_TIME with only slight changes from rx in current pal. expressed difficulty navigating/moving around with progressive. feels floor and steps very magnified. 2. dry eye syndrome, mgd ou mild signs at present. didn't really endorse symptoms. 3. cataract ou nonvisually significant. 4. primary open angle glaucoma ou (mild stage) followed by PERSON. PERSON of glaucoma including paternal grandfather, father, brother, and sister. two of which went blind from the disease. no hx of long-term steroid use. PERSON cct 563/590 gonio DATE_TIME: open ou last hvf DATE_TIME: full ou last oct-rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline inferior thinning od, borderline superior thinning os s/p trab/mmc od DATE_TIME s/p trab/mmc os DATE_TIME s/PERSON PERSON 2 s/p ltp os x 1 goal iop less than or equal to 18 ou. currently on timoptic xe qam ou. states good med compliance. iop DATE_TIME 18/18. management/plan: might do better with single vision distance glasses for walking around. may continue with progressives for more functional visual range otherwise. specs rx dispensed. possible adaptation period discussed. can modify as needed with any issues. recommended warm compresses and artificial tears prn for ocular comfort. continue timoptic xe qam ou. emphasized importance of adherence to medication regimen. followup with dr. PERSON as directed. return here in DATE_TIME for general eye exam/repeat refraction. rtc sooner prn. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The 61 y/o male patient from medical billing had a general eye exam due to referral from Glaucoma services. He has anisometropia, presbyopia, dry eye syndrome, insignificant cataracts, and mild stage, primary open-angle glaucoma. Family history includes glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07276", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07276.jpg", "filename": "data_07276.npz", "report": "The patient is on brimonidine (or combigan) to lower intraocular pressure, indicating the presence of glaucoma. Alternate medications include dorzolamide, trusopt, and brinzolamide.", "age": 71.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "brimonidine. ** this medication is also known as combigan, and it represents a combination of timolol and brimonidine. & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. #this medication is given by mouth to lower intraocular pressure. if acetazolamide (diamox) is prescribed, the dosing is 250 to 500 mg. if methazolamide (neptazane) is prescribed, the dosing is 25 to 50 mg. these medications don't work for everyone, and they are contraindicated when there is significant kidney disease or electrolyte imbalances. laboratories should be drawn by your primary care doctor during the first DATE_TIME to monitor for electrolyte and kidney changes. 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. 5 this medication is also known as LOCATION, and it represents a combination of latanoprost (xalatan) and netarsudil (rhopressa). 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant at (617)-573 for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on brimonidine (or combigan) to lower intraocular pressure, indicating the presence of glaucoma. Alternate medications include dorzolamide, trusopt, and brinzolamide.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07277", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07277.jpg", "filename": "data_07277.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, severe in right eye, mild to moderate in left. Intolerant to Timolol. IOP too high in right eye, acceptable in left. Lateral iridotomy difficult to appreciate on exam.", "age": 79.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: timolol (hypotension) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 546 / 534 gonioscopy: od: d40f 2+; os: c35f 2+ retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior altitudinal visual fields, left eye: mild generalized depression family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm2, gout assessment/plan: 79 y.o. male # primary open angle glaucoma, severe right eye, mild to moderate left eye - s/p laser peripheral iridotomy od per history but difficult to appreciate on exam (DATE_TIME) - iop too high od, acceptable os - add rhopressa qhs od, continue latanoprost qhs ou, simbrinza bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate, disc photos # s/p pterygium excision od (~2013) - monitor # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye (DATE_TIME) - monitor # cataract, left eye - approaching visual significance, monitor - note finasteride use PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, severe in right eye, mild to moderate in left. Intolerant to Timolol. IOP too high in right eye, acceptable in left. Lateral iridotomy difficult to appreciate on exam.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07278", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07278.jpg", "filename": "data_07278.npz", "report": "Patient lost to followup 2017-2019, no fam history of glaucoma, no steroid or trauma, recent diagnosis with hyperthyroidism. Current issue likely related to glaucoma, needs regular monitoring and adherence to treatment to lower vision loss risk.", "age": 61.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# LOCATION with LOCATION, LOCATION of PERSON; lost to f/u 2017- 2019 fhx:no/ steroids: no/ trauma: no prior surgery: none med intolerance: ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) prior target 21 ou cct: / 618/590 prev gonioscopy: rnfl oct likely normal - no change vs DATE_TIME vf scattered defect, full ou recently dx with hyperthyroidism scrub tech at Institution plan: vf likely full ou with scattered defect rnfl oct normal and stable vs DATE_TIME iop acceptable monitor DATE_TIME with vf, oct and dilation to have iop checked locally in 6 mths diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient lost to followup 2017-2019, no fam history of glaucoma, no steroid or trauma, recent diagnosis with hyperthyroidism. Current issue likely related to glaucoma, needs regular monitoring and adherence to treatment to lower vision loss risk.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07279", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07279.jpg", "filename": "data_07279.npz", "report": "Patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and a history of ocular hypertension. Normal pressure and no glaucoma detected with normal HVF and OCT tests. Plan: prescription for glasses.", "age": 69.33, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: nuclear sclerosis ou previous oc htn, better pressures DATE_TIME normal hvf and oct (no glaucoma) refr error plan: rx=m glasses", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and a history of ocular hypertension. Normal pressure and no glaucoma detected with normal HVF and OCT tests. Plan: prescription for glasses.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07280", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07280.jpg", "filename": "data_07280.npz", "report": "60 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 60.69, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 60 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "60 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07281", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07281.jpg", "filename": "data_07281.npz", "report": "The clinical note suggests a normal eye exam with no signs of glaucoma, as evidenced by a normal c/d ratio (0.3 & 0.25). No immediate follow-up specified.", "age": 38.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "normal, quiet iris normal normal lens normal normal vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.3 0.25 ? assessment/plan: ? PERSON with another flare DATE_TIME -now back to baseline s/p DATE_TIME course ibuprofen -prior flare DATE_TIME treated with prednisone -follow-up as needed PERSON, pgy3 ?", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note suggests a normal eye exam with no signs of glaucoma, as evidenced by a normal c/d ratio (0.3 & 0.25). No immediate follow-up specified.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07282", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07282.jpg", "filename": "data_07282.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension under control but non-adherent in the past and displays signs of thinning CCT. VFS unreliable. There's no pathologic cupping but shown temporal defect OD, paracentral changes OS. Also suffers from a visually significant cataract OS affecting ADLs but is delaying surgery. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 78.39, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. ocular hypertension with good iop on treatment. pt has not been adherent in past. cct thin (485/513). vfs here are not reliable and careful inspection of disc shows no pathologic cupping hvf DATE_TIME shows temporal defect od, paracentral changes os oct with thinning ou, s/i/t color plates symmetric 2. cataract os visually significant, affecting adls but pt reluctant to have surgery at this time--wants to wait for DATE_TIME. dm without PERSON plan diagnosis and treatment discussed w pt and all questions answered PERSON (urged adherence)-latanoprost qhs neuro-op deferral given field changes, on appearance of od fu here 4 PERSON check sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension under control but non-adherent in the past and displays signs of thinning CCT. VFS unreliable. There's no pathologic cupping but shown temporal defect OD, paracentral changes OS. Also suffers from a visually significant cataract OS affecting ADLs but is delaying surgery. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07283", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07283.jpg", "filename": "data_07283.npz", "report": "Patient has persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in left eye, cataracts and ocular hypertension in right eye controlled with timolol. No glaucoma present.", "age": 74.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: phpv os cataract od - nvs pvd (floater) od ocular hypertension od (tmax 27 od); angle open by gonio in past iop controlled on timolol od normal hvf and DATE_TIME again DATE_TIME; av cct NRP error plan: cont. timolol od 6 mo for intraocular pressure i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in left eye, cataracts and ocular hypertension in right eye controlled with timolol. No glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07284", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07284.jpg", "filename": "data_07284.npz", "report": "Patient has history of strabismus and underwent multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction. Also had cataract surgery in both eyes with intraocular lens placement. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 73.5, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "as needed # strabismus - s/p rlr recession 10.0mm/llr recession 10.0mm/rmr resection PERSON/lmr resection 4.0mm (DATE_TIME DATE_TIME at tufts) - s/p rmr recession PERSON/lmr recession 4.0mm (DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes (od DATE_TIME, os with xen DATE_TIME, both with dr. LOCATION) - monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of strabismus and underwent multiple surgeries for eye muscle correction. Also had cataract surgery in both eyes with intraocular lens placement. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07285", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07285.jpg", "filename": "data_07285.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio. No glaucoma procedures or known medication issues. Also observed was borderline thinning sup, intermediate dry amd, and early cataract.", "age": 62.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient previously a patient of dr.PERSON and PERSON, first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME # glaucoma suspect od, suspect os due to increased c/d ratio ou risk factors: central corneal thickness: / 551/565 gonioscopy: tmax: ( ) / ( ) low teens target iop: / refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: none known other eye procedures/lasers: none known glaucoma medication issues: none known negative sulfa allergy testing: baseline hvf ess full ou oct rnfl full od; with borderline thinning sup, stable # dry amd intermediate ou followed by PERSON/PERSON #early cataract ou monitor plan DATE_TIME: iop not recorded , {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} od, {blank single:19197::'acceptable','too high','too low'} os frank is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d ratio here for his DATE_TIME check-up (dfe with dilate with 0.5% tropic only both eyes, hvf 24-2, and oct rnfl).*** continue to monitor this suspect off drops last dilated exam: DATE_TIME*** *dilate with 0.5% tropic only both eyes DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME*** last visual field: DATE_TIME*** baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic *** DATE_TIME with dfe (dilate with 0.5% tropic only both eyes), hvf 24-2, and oct rnfl PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to an increased c/d ratio. No glaucoma procedures or known medication issues. Also observed was borderline thinning sup, intermediate dry amd, and early cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07286", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07286.jpg", "filename": "data_07286.npz", "report": "Patient Mrs. Homem has stable sellar cyst, possibly Rathke's cyst. Recent visual field testing shows new, nonspecific defects in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 48.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "Summary: Mrs. Homem presents for follow up of her stable sellar cyst, probably a Rathke's cleft cyst. Her imaging has been stable since 2014, with most recent MRI 6/2016. She remains asymptomatic. Her afferent and efferent visual functioning remain normal. Automated visual field testing shows new defects in both eyes, though nonspecific, and visual fields have been very reliable with similar defects in the past. We would recommend patient undergo macular OCT with ganglion cell complex segmentation today to better follow her optic nerve integrity. She is due for appointment with Dr. PERSON and will discuss timing of next MRI at that appointment. Impression: 1. Sellar cyst, probably Rathke's cyst, stable from a visual standpoint Plan: 1. Follow-up with Neuro-Ophthalmology in 1 year, sooner PRN 2. Maintain scheduled follow-up with Dr. PERSON in the Fall (This note was prepared with the assistance of ophthalmology resident PERSON, MD) LAST VISIT Summary: Mrs. PERSON presents for follow up of her stable sellar cyst, probably a Rathke's cleft cyst. She remains asymptomatic. Visual field testing is reliable and normal today and an MRI performed today shows no change in the cyst since 2014. Impression: 1. Sellar cyst, probably Rathke's cyst, stable from a visual standpoint Plan: 1. Follow-up with Neuro-Ophthalmology in 1 year, sooner PRN 2. Maintain scheduled follow-up with Dr. PERSON in the Fall", "gpt4_summary": "Patient Mrs. Homem has stable sellar cyst, possibly Rathke's cyst. Recent visual field testing shows new, nonspecific defects in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07287", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07287.jpg", "filename": "data_07287.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry but is a low-risk at this time. Testing will be repeated in 6 months. No diabetic retinopathy was found and glasses were prescribed for driving.", "age": 60.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE PERSON MD ADRESS Patient: NAME MR Number: NUMbER Date of Birth: DATE Date of Visit: DATE Dear DOCTOR: I saw our mutual patient, PATIENT, for follow-up eye examination. Please find below a summary of the examination, assessment, and plan. Thank you for allowing me to participate in this patient's care. Vision readings for this visit: VA Distance sc VA Distance cc VA Near sc VA Near cc IOP Right 20/20-1 J1+ 16 Left 20/20-1 J1+ 16 Assessment and Plan: 60 M hx DM, HTN, CVA, HLD, R MCA aneurysm Referred by DOCTOR for annual diabetic eye exam, for f/u glaucoma testing \u00ff # Glaucoma suspect with cup/disc asymmetry (od > os) FHx: no CCT: 599,613 OCT 1/2017: borderline thinning superotemporally ou HVF 2/2017: scattered nonspecific defects ou - Likely low-risk at this time. No intervention needed at this time but would repeat testing in 6 months \u00ff From previous visit: # No evidence of diabetic retinopathy. - Importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control discussed with patient. - Annual dilated eye exams, sooner prn visual changes. \u00ff # Refractive error, needs glasses for driving during difficult conditions. - Rx given for new glasses to be used as needed for driving. \u00ff RTC 6 months for HVF and review, sooner prn If you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. I look forward to following NAME along with you. Sincerely, NAME, MD CC No Recipients", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to cup/disc asymmetry but is a low-risk at this time. Testing will be repeated in 6 months. No diabetic retinopathy was found and glasses were prescribed for driving.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07288", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07288.jpg", "filename": "data_07288.npz", "report": "53 y/o male glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d ratio due to family history. No history of long-term steroid use. Other conditions: incipient cataract, mgd, presbyopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, stable choroidal nevus, and HIV. No glaucoma therapy.", "age": 53.09, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "53 y/o male who presents DATE_TIME for hvf, pachymetry, and gonioscopy. last seen on DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exam. pmhx: htn, non-hodgkin's lymphoma (in remission), hiv, prediabetes, lipodystrophy assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect based on enlarged c/d ratio ou family hx of glaucoma (father). no hx of long-term steroid use. tmax od 20 os 20 cct DATE_TIME gonioscopy DATE_TIME od open os open last hvf DATE_TIME oct-rnfl DATE_TIME od no thinning os no thinning possibly physiologic cupping. 2. mgd ou \u00ff presently mild and asymptomatic. \u00ff 3. incipient cataract ou 4. choroidal nevus od stable without concerning features as of last dfe DATE_TIME. 5. hyperopia ou, astigmatism ou, presbyopia last refraction DATE_TIME. specs rx dispensed at the time. 6. hiv last cd4 558 on DATE_TIME. last viral load 44 on DATE_TIME. no ocular manifestation/sequelae evident. management/plan: monitor without glaucoma therapy. recommend warm compress and artificial tears prn. return in DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exam and oct-rnfl. rtc sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "53 y/o male glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d ratio due to family history. No history of long-term steroid use. Other conditions: incipient cataract, mgd, presbyopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, stable choroidal nevus, and HIV. No glaucoma therapy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07289", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07289.jpg", "filename": "data_07289.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataract in both eyes, vitreous detachment in both eyes, disc asymmetry greater in left eye. Normal visual field and OCT. No glaucoma observed.", "age": 67.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: mild cataract ou pvd ou disc asymmetry (os>od); nl hvf and oct; cct 533/545; no iop elev refr error plan: rx=m yrly", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataract in both eyes, vitreous detachment in both eyes, disc asymmetry greater in left eye. Normal visual field and OCT. No glaucoma observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07290", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07290.jpg", "filename": "data_07290.npz", "report": "No evidence of glaucoma is found in the patient. Their intraocular pressure (IOP) is higher in the left eye than the right. Yearly examinations are planned.", "age": 74.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pciol ou iop differential os>od, but PERSON, nl hvf and oct ou --no evidence of glaucoma plan: yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "No evidence of glaucoma is found in the patient. Their intraocular pressure (IOP) is higher in the left eye than the right. Yearly examinations are planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07291", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07291.jpg", "filename": "data_07291.npz", "report": "Patient has myopia in both eyes, astigmatism in left eye, and dry eye syndrome in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned. Intraocular pressure goals set for both eyes.", "age": 28.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "eyes.','-not visually-significant, right eye.','-not visually-significant, left eye.','-not visually-significant, both eyes.','-stable.'} 3. myopia of both eyes -follow-up with dr. *** 4. astigmatism, left eye -follow-up with dr. *** 4. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 5. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal od and {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal os on DATE_TIME on ***. -rtc in *** with iop check, *** ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has myopia in both eyes, astigmatism in left eye, and dry eye syndrome in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned. Intraocular pressure goals set for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07292", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07292.jpg", "filename": "data_07292.npz", "report": "Male patient with bilateral blurry vision has been treated for suprasellar germinoma. Afferent exam shows excellent vision, however, scattered temporal deficits are seen in visual fields. Efferent exam shows full motility in both eyes along with optic nerve pallor and circumferential cupping, suggesting optic chiasm compression due to tumor. Presence of glaucoma is suggested against.", "age": 13.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "formulation: PERSON is a DATE_TIME male who presents for evaluation of bilateral blurry vision for DATE_TIME. he is currently being treated with proton beam therapy for a suprasellar germinoma. his afferent exam shows excellent visual acuity at distance of 20/15 in both eyes. he has full color vision. there is no relative afferent pupillary defect. his visual fields show some scattered temporal deficits bilaterally that mostly respect LOCATION. his efferent exam shows full motility in both eyes. his fundus exam is notable for optic nerve pallor bilaterally with circumferential cupping. the combination of optic nerve pallor and cupping suggest compression of the optic chiasm from his known suprasellar tumor. the cupping is circumferential, suggesting against other more common etiologies of optic nerve cupping, namely glaucoma. the fact that we see bilateral temporal deficits in his visual fields is consistent with this. reassuringly, he continues to have excellent visual acuity bilaterally. impression: 1. superasellar germinoma 2. compression of optic chiasm secondary to 1 plan: 1. baseline fundus photos and oct with ganglion cell segmentation 2. follow up in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology resident PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient with bilateral blurry vision has been treated for suprasellar germinoma. Afferent exam shows excellent vision, however, scattered temporal deficits are seen in visual fields. Efferent exam shows full motility in both eyes along with optic nerve pallor and circumferential cupping, suggesting optic chiasm compression due to tumor. Presence of glaucoma is suggested against.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07293", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07293.jpg", "filename": "data_07293.npz", "report": "69 y.o. musician suspected of glaucoma due to asymmetrical cup/disc ratio; IOP -3/-4. No glaucoma medication. Non-specific defects in visual field, borderline thinning observed. Also, has presbyopia, lattice retinal degeneration, blepharitis, and corneal nodules.", "age": 69.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "69 y.o. musician, plays violin and other organs, here for follow-up as glaucoma suspect: \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect c/d asymmetry, os bigger. pachy thick 591/596, corrected iop -3/-4 hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defects ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: borderline thinning superonasally ou DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou DATE_TIME: normal ou gonio: open ou not currently on any glaucoma ggts iop DATE_TIME borderline \u00ff rec: - monitor - DATE_TIME exam, repeat testing DATE_TIME (due DATE_TIME) \u00ff 2. refractive error rx provided, increased cyl os rx provided \u00ff 3. lattice retinal degeneration h/o s/p pascal/retinopexy od (DATE_TIME) for hst x 2 od retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows \u00ff 4. blepharitis warm compresses, lid hygiene with baby shampoo bid, use at prn for symptoms of dry eye. \u00ff 5. corneal nodules ou s/p superficial keratectomy od well healed, mild recurrence od follow-up with dr. PERSON 6. borderline dm on metformin no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on examination. patient was advised to maintain tight blood sugar and blood pressure control.", "gpt4_summary": "69 y.o. musician suspected of glaucoma due to asymmetrical cup/disc ratio; IOP -3/-4. No glaucoma medication. Non-specific defects in visual field, borderline thinning observed. Also, has presbyopia, lattice retinal degeneration, blepharitis, and corneal nodules.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07294", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07294.jpg", "filename": "data_07294.npz", "report": "43 y.o. male suspected for glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratios with thick corneas. No initiation of treatment, just monitoring. Also has mild cataracts. No intolerance to glaucoma medication.", "age": 43.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 23 / 23 central corneal thickness: 622 / 641 gonioscopy: c35f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: borderline superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: watch for inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: maternal grandmother legally blind steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 43 y.o. male referred by dr. PERSON at state street eye in wellesley # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - thick corneas - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate (if not already done recently by PERSON PERSON), oct, disc photos # s/p strabismus surgery as a child - monitor, doing well # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "43 y.o. male suspected for glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratios with thick corneas. No initiation of treatment, just monitoring. Also has mild cataracts. No intolerance to glaucoma medication.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07295", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07295.jpg", "filename": "data_07295.npz", "report": "Suspected glaucoma in right eye, secondary open-angle glaucoma in left eye with evidence of progression. Patient has had several eye surgeries, including phaco, trab, and lsl. Reactive to combigan. Reports wind exacerbating discomfort, possibly from advanced glaucoma. Plan for additional treatments, including steroids and laser. Patient has agreed to proceed with laser.", "age": 72.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "PERSON. tmax 15/54. onh 0.7/0.8. ? - glaucoma suspect od, secondary open angle glaucoma os: *questionable hvf progression os in DATE_TIME *gdx may be slightly worse os. pt allergic to combigan (probably bak) cct 550/510. dp's unchanged in 11/12. goal iop high teens od, around 10 os gdx possibly worse os in DATE_TIME, vf 5/12 stable os, worse os in DATE_TIME w/ iop in low teens range s/p phaco/ trab/ exp os DATE_TIME (2 min mmc, 4 sutures), s/p lsl (sup temp) DATE_TIME, s/p lsl (sup nasal) DATE_TIME, 5-fu#1 DATE_TIME - central k abrasion os on pod1, healed. iop good DATE_TIME. oct neg for cme os in DATE_TIME, LOCATION not improved, may be from advanced glaucoma vs des. insurance not covering NRP goal iop high teens od, around 10 os plan: hold timolol pres free bid and ag-p bid os. DATE_TIME/o hzo keratitis os k abrasion os on pod 1 after LOCATION/trab/ exp, healed. plan: per dr. PERSON. pt to see dr. PERSON in LOCATION. ? 3. des os epsecially bothered by wind, may be exacerbated by glaucoma PERSON. plan: PERSON. PERSON. PERSON. ? 4. blepharitis ou: plan: lh/wc/ats ? 5. nsc od, nvs s/p phaco/trab/ exp os DATE_TIME, aim was plano pco os, vs and causing vf loss in 1216. plan: ok to perform surgery per dr. LOCATION. need higher dose of steroid to treat inflammation. - will plan for yag cap os. will check PERSON. PERSON about perioperative antiviral medications. risks including but not limited to loss of eye/ decreased vision/ rd/ infection/ bleeding/ elevation or lowering of intraocular pressure/ ptosis/ worsening cataract/ need for further surgery /etc. was discussed with patient. patient agreed to proceed with laser.", "gpt4_summary": "Suspected glaucoma in right eye, secondary open-angle glaucoma in left eye with evidence of progression. Patient has had several eye surgeries, including phaco, trab, and lsl. Reactive to combigan. Reports wind exacerbating discomfort, possibly from advanced glaucoma. Plan for additional treatments, including steroids and laser. Patient has agreed to proceed with laser.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07296", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07296.jpg", "filename": "data_07296.npz", "report": "Male patient has history of branch retinal vein occlusion. Currently a glaucoma suspect due to high c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma. Has refractive error, corneal scars, and immature cataracts. Also has diabetes with the last HgA1c at 7.7.", "age": 69.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME male here for eye exam last exam at meei DATE_TIME needs NRP interpreter \u00ff 1. hx of branch retinal vein occlusion os macula edema has resolved, discharged from retina service DATE_TIME: no edema \u00ff 2. pterygium od large, near visual axis, similar in size compared to prior discussed excision - patient not interested sunglasses outdoors \u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect high c/d ratio t current 11/11 denies family hx pachy 554/575, true iop same as measured disc photos DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: abnormal ou, unreliable hvf DATE_TIME: very unreliable, unable to evaluate od, dense superior nasal defect os hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable, od with inferior defect , os with scattered defects, more concentrated in nasal field different than previous exams, likely all unreliable hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable; od with nonspecific generalized depression; os with superior defects concentrated in nasal field. difficult to interpret. oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od borderline inf thinning, os inf thinning DATE_TIME: od normal, os borderline inf thinning, stable DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od normal, os borderline inf thinning, stable \u00ff 4. refractive error. updated mrx DATE_TIME. corneal scars ou \u00ff 6. dm last hga1c 7.7 DATE_TIME no diabetic retinopathy (previous hemorrhages os likely from brvo) needs DATE_TIME exam. follow-up with pcp for diabetic management. 7. immature cataract ou not visually significant yet on flomax, good dilation DATE_TIME. dry eyes ou artificial tears discussed", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient has history of branch retinal vein occlusion. Currently a glaucoma suspect due to high c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma. Has refractive error, corneal scars, and immature cataracts. Also has diabetes with the last HgA1c at 7.7.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07297", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07297.jpg", "filename": "data_07297.npz", "report": "Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma, headache, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Prescribed ophthalmic solutions are Brimonidine, Dorzolamide-Timolol, and Latanoprost.", "age": 56.77, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "brimonidine 0.2 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. butalbital-acetaminophen-caffeine (fioricet, esgic) 50-325-40 mg per tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth every 4 (DATE_TIME. prn headache. MEDICAL_LICENSE shivendivar vishwakarma DATE_TIME metal med transfer process dorzolamide-timolol (cosopt) 22.3-6.8 mg/ml ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. folic acid (folvite) 1 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. shivendivar vishwakarma DATE_TIME metal med transfer process latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye every evening. PERSON (neptazane) 25 mg tablet (taking) take 2 tablets (50 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. metoprolol tartrate (lopressor) 100 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process rosuvastatin (crestor) 20 mg tablet (taking) dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME headache glaucoma hyperlipidemia hypertensive disorder arteriosclerotic heart disease results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is undergoing treatment for glaucoma, headache, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Prescribed ophthalmic solutions are Brimonidine, Dorzolamide-Timolol, and Latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07298", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07298.jpg", "filename": "data_07298.npz", "report": "Patient has optic disc drusen causing bilateral visual field deficits, no apd, and significant bilateral thinning of the optic nerve rnfl. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 23.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "od formulation: this patient has been followed for DATE_TIME at PERSON for bilateral visual field deficits secondary to optic disc drusen though fortunately he remains asymptomatic. his neuro-ophthalmic exam shows excellent visual acuity (20/15 ou) with full color vision and no apd. automated visual field testing shows a right superior nasal step and a left inferior altitudinal pattern of field loss. dilated fundus exam shows bilateral elevation of the disc head at the superior and inferior poles with buried drusen od and visible nasal drusen os. oct (notwithstanding his approximate -3 d myopia) shows significant bilateral thinning of the optic nerve rnfl in the superior and inferior poles and prominent reduction in the macular retinal ganglion cell layer thickness od ( 54 microns) vs. os (85 microns). i explained that his vision field loss will likely remain relatively stable and is unlikely to progress significantly with time. i recommend follow up ophthalmic exams with repeat visual fields every DATE_TIME. impression: 1. optic disc drusen ou 2. myopia recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME with repeat visual fields. note prepared with the assistance of PERSON DATE_TIME, md, fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has optic disc drusen causing bilateral visual field deficits, no apd, and significant bilateral thinning of the optic nerve rnfl. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07299", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07299.jpg", "filename": "data_07299.npz", "report": "Patient with normal cct (550 ou), small optic nerves. Normal hvf, stable optic nerves compared to baseline. No glaucoma.", "age": 64.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON 23/24 with normal cct (550 ou) and small optic nerves. hvf DATE_TIME is essentially normal ou and oct is PERSON vs DATE_TIME baseline optic nerves are unchanged versus baseline photos in DATE_TIME plan: observe f/u 12 months ck iop--dilate--hvf--oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with normal cct (550 ou), small optic nerves. Normal hvf, stable optic nerves compared to baseline. No glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07300", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07300.jpg", "filename": "data_07300.npz", "report": "79-year-old tax attorney with history of hypercholesterolemia has symptoms relieved by flomax. He has experienced strain with over-the-counter +2.00 reading glasses and may need to increase power. There is an asymmetry in the patient's eyes, but no familial history of glaucoma noted. However, the patient has mild guttae, a mild macular drusen formation, large choroidal nevus, and a corneal scar in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is stable with thick corneas. No glaucoma indicated.", "age": 79.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "79 yo tax/estate attorney with history of hypercholesterolemia, bph, on flomax with relief of sx \u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (DATE_TIME od with 1+ifis and DATE_TIME with 2+ ifis) -deferred all mrx since, using otc +2.00 readers but feeling strain recently > may need to increase to otc +2.25 readers. discussed different powers if computer distance is different \u00ff 2. c/d asymmetry os>od in setting of larger onh os tmax 12 ou. cct 610/595 (thick). no fhx glaucoma hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os full. hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os full hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os full (watch in subthreshhold scattered losses) hvf DATE_TIME: od few fixation losses, few scattered in losses. os full hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, isolated sn and in focal loss. PERSON, full. 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os mild inferior losses DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON, imaging artifact nasally os oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable ou DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable (decr signal od) oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: od ?data. PERSON. DATE_TIME: asymmetric onh os>od. PERSON. disc photos DATE_TIME: 0.4 ou optic nerves stable, iop good. continue to follow \u00ff iop remains stable and excellent, with thick corneas. given on sloped superiorly and inferior defects on 1st hvf os, repeated hvf (resolved) and remains stable. >> DATE_TIME: continue to follow. repeat hvf on f/u given os tr inferior losses with thinner superior onh rim \u00ff 3. mild guttae ou \u00ff 4. mild mdf os>od \u00ff 5. cr scar od \u00ff 6. large choroidal nevus od - flat - monitor", "gpt4_summary": "79-year-old tax attorney with history of hypercholesterolemia has symptoms relieved by flomax. He has experienced strain with over-the-counter +2.00 reading glasses and may need to increase power. There is an asymmetry in the patient's eyes, but no familial history of glaucoma noted. However, the patient has mild guttae, a mild macular drusen formation, large choroidal nevus, and a corneal scar in the right eye. The intraocular pressure is stable with thick corneas. No glaucoma indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07301", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07301.jpg", "filename": "data_07301.npz", "report": "The patient has mild, largely asymptomatic cataracts and is a glaucoma suspect. Eye examinations showed cupping, borderline intraocular pressure, and non-specific HVF defects.", "age": 74.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: mild cataract ou; largely asymptomatic (told by dr. PERSON she needed surgery) glaucoma supect ou; cupping and borderline iop; normal oct of rnfl ou; hvf with non-specific defects ou; angles open by gonio last visit NRP error--improves to 20/20 plan: yrly with hvf and oct i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. rx=m", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild, largely asymptomatic cataracts and is a glaucoma suspect. Eye examinations showed cupping, borderline intraocular pressure, and non-specific HVF defects.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07302", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07302.jpg", "filename": "data_07302.npz", "report": "The patient, suspected of glaucoma, has larger cup right eye. IOP, tmax are normal, corneal thickness: 550/548. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -0.50, OS -2.75. Normal visual fields. No glaucoma procedures. Also has moderate cataracts.", "age": 69.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect with larger cup right eye target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 20 ( ) central corneal thickness: 550 / 548 gonioscopy: open (rao) refractive error: od LOCATION. -0.50. 040 / os -2.75. -0.50. 170 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: large cdr optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye:normal medication history and intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye : none glaucoma procedures left eye : none other eye procedures: none family history: ? parents steroids: none trauma: none asthma: no other history and problems: moderate cataracts both eyes plan: definite asymmetry with re more suspicious will monitor DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, suspected of glaucoma, has larger cup right eye. IOP, tmax are normal, corneal thickness: 550/548. Gonioscopy: open. Refractive error: OD -0.50, OS -2.75. Normal visual fields. No glaucoma procedures. Also has moderate cataracts.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07303", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07303.jpg", "filename": "data_07303.npz", "report": "50-year-old patient shows pigment dispersion but no evidence of glaucoma, despite family history of the condition. Eyes show no increased pigment deposits. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is fine.", "age": 50.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "50 yo patient; last seen DATE_TIME \u00ff 1. pigment dispersion without evidence of glaucoma - family hx of mother with pigment dispersion glaucoma - gonio DATE_TIME open to ss four quadrants ou without evidence of increased pigment deposition - faint k spindle ou, od>os - no tids - iop ok 18, DATE_TIME prev 16 ou; cct thick (683, 661) and so iop likely lower than measured - nerves 0.3 ou and healthy appearing - rnfl oct DATE_TIME: rims normal thickness ou - hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full ou \u00ff 2. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. recommended that she try progressive lenses do not bill for refraction \u00ff patient to followup with urgent changes as needed; otherwise will return in 6m for iop check only ; no dfe or testing \u00ff _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old patient shows pigment dispersion but no evidence of glaucoma, despite family history of the condition. Eyes show no increased pigment deposits. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is fine.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07304", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07304.jpg", "filename": "data_07304.npz", "report": "The note doesn't provide any details about the presence of glaucoma or any other specific conditions. The clinician spent over 60 minutes preparing for and finalizing the patient's visit.", "age": 83.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "neuro-ophthalmology as above; rtc sooner prn i personally spent >60 preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient on DATE_TIME of the visit.", "gpt4_summary": "The note doesn't provide any details about the presence of glaucoma or any other specific conditions. The clinician spent over 60 minutes preparing for and finalizing the patient's visit.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07305", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07305.jpg", "filename": "data_07305.npz", "report": "73-year-old patient with history of lung cancer has combined cataracts and optic disc cupping, indicating potential glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is stable. Also has 2 lower lid lesions, planned for excision. Prescription updated.", "age": 73.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 y.o. with paroxysmal, hx lung ca here for testing only combined cataract ou - borderline visually significant > observe for now, update mrx optic disc cupping ou - iop 17/16 - cct 550/548 - photos done DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl ou > observe, repeat hvf/ DATE_TIME visit lower lid lesions x 2 os - wishes to have them excised > refer to oculoplastics refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request fu 1 year, mrx, dilate hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "73-year-old patient with history of lung cancer has combined cataracts and optic disc cupping, indicating potential glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is stable. Also has 2 lower lid lesions, planned for excision. Prescription updated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07306", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07306.jpg", "filename": "data_07306.npz", "report": "Patient advised to investigate sleep patterns for optimal therapy, possibly aiding vision. Taking anti-hypertensive medications regularly. Impression: Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in left eye, resolved. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 48.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "he has not had a sleep study. i advised that this is one area he should further investigate and that optimal therapy may prevent further episodes to affect the right eye to the point at which his vision will be further compromised. he currently takes his anti-hypertensive medications during DATE_TIME as advised. impression: 1. non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, left eye, resolved. 2. non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, os plan: 1. send letter to his pcp 2. follow-up in neuro-ophthalmology clinic in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed, to ensure resolution of edema of the right eye this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient advised to investigate sleep patterns for optimal therapy, possibly aiding vision. Taking anti-hypertensive medications regularly. Impression: Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in left eye, resolved. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07307", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07307.jpg", "filename": "data_07307.npz", "report": "Patient presents with degeneration-like changes, myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, trace cataract (not visually significant). BCVA 20/20. Will try new glasses prescription & consider surgery if needed. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 51.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "degeneration-like changes - dry PERSON - fundus photos/oct macula obtained DATE_TIME - vitamins not necessary at this time, recommend areds2 if patient would like to start vitamins given history of smoking \u00ff # trace cataract, not visually significant # myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20, 20/20 - observation at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery \u00ff rtc DATE_TIME or sooner prn with PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient presents with degeneration-like changes, myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, trace cataract (not visually significant). BCVA 20/20. Will try new glasses prescription & consider surgery if needed. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07308", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07308.jpg", "filename": "data_07308.npz", "report": "Patient has mild OD and is suspected to have OS glaucoma. Undergoing OCT RNFL and HVF 24-2 monitoring. No medication prescribed. Return to glaucoma clinic scheduled.", "age": 85.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "changes plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 15 19 , acceptable od, acceptable PERSON has mild od and suspect os glaucoma and is here for oct rnfl and hvf 24-2. optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer stable ou continue to monitor off drops for now last dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME (pt leaving for LOCATION in DATE_TIME) for dilated optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer both eyes and dfe both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for dr. PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild OD and is suspected to have OS glaucoma. Undergoing OCT RNFL and HVF 24-2 monitoring. No medication prescribed. Return to glaucoma clinic scheduled.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07309", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07309.jpg", "filename": "data_07309.npz", "report": "Patient seen for glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis measured. Retinal nerve layer thinning and visual field depression observed. Other conditions: obesity, asthma, left parietal lobe CVA and atrial fibrillation. Decision is to monitor closely without initiating treatment.\n", "age": 58.15, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown (never high) central corneal thickness: 524 / 516 corneal hysteresis: 11.3 / 11.4 gonioscopy: d40f tr ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: borderline sup/inf/temp thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inf and borderline sup thinning visual fields, right eye: patchy right homonymous depression visual fields, left eye: patchy right homonymous depression family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: left parietal lobe PERSONME, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on eliquis, obesity with bmi > 40, htn, hld assessment/plan: 58 y.o. male driver # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - right homonymous visual field depression could be consistent with known history of left parietal lobe cva or resulting neglect - iop acceptable ou - vf roughly stable ou; DATE_TIME may be trending thinner, roughly stable os - with high hysteresis, relatively reassuring nerve rim appearance, and lower iop, will continue to monitor closely without initiating treatment for now - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf, dilate, oct # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor # intermittent alternating exotropia - s/p multiple eye muscle surgeries as a child, denies diplopia # likely pattern dystrophy with drusen, both eyes - due for next visit with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen for glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis measured. Retinal nerve layer thinning and visual field depression observed. Other conditions: obesity, asthma, left parietal lobe CVA and atrial fibrillation. Decision is to monitor closely without initiating treatment.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07310", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07310.jpg", "filename": "data_07310.npz", "report": "80-year-old woman has hemorrhagic pvd od, posterior vitreous detachment os, visual aura with no migraine, cataract, mild dry eye, and is a glaucoma suspect with an IOP of 24/23. She's advised to start latanoprost.", "age": 80.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 y.o. woman here for eye exam. 1. hemorrhagic pvd od (DATE_TIME) - formal b-scan DATE_TIME: low-reflective \u00ffloose and membranous minimal vitreous debris seen. retina attached - follows with dr. PERSON, retina \u00ff 2. posterior vitreous detachment os - rd precautions \u00ff 3. visual aura with no associated migraine - flashes described and confirmed with picture of ocular migraine - no headaches - stable for DATE_TIME. - monitor \u00ff 4. cataract os>od monitor \u00ff 5. mild dry eye warm compress and tear drops \u00ff 6. glaucoma suspect iop 24/23 (remeasured by me after dilation: 17/17) previously followed by harvard vangaurd family hx of glaucoma in mother no hx of steroids discs appear healthy previous vf at hv with dr. PERSON normal hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, reliable pachy 553/566: true iop same as measured DATE_TIME: od sup thinning/ os inferior thinning oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: sup thin/ os: sup, nasal and inf thin progression os c/t last time) rec: - start latanoprost qhs ou - iop check in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "80-year-old woman has hemorrhagic pvd od, posterior vitreous detachment os, visual aura with no migraine, cataract, mild dry eye, and is a glaucoma suspect with an IOP of 24/23. She's advised to start latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07311", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07311.jpg", "filename": "data_07311.npz", "report": "Patient has mild ocular hypertension in both eyes, normal visual field, open angles, trace nuclear sclerosis but no diabetic retinopathy. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 57.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: mild oc htn ou; normal hvf and DATE_TIME again; cct 585/592; angles open tr nuclear sclerosis ou no diabetic retinopathy refr error plan: yrly with hvf and oct rx=m prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild ocular hypertension in both eyes, normal visual field, open angles, trace nuclear sclerosis but no diabetic retinopathy. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07312", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07312.jpg", "filename": "data_07312.npz", "report": "Patient has known glaucoma and macular degeneration. Details include open angle glaucoma and moderate pseudoexfoliative os. Patient had stopped using Xalatan, and this led to progression. Current treatment to continue.", "age": 82.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "impression and plan: DATE_TIME known for glaucoma and macular degeneration; 1. open angle glaucoma PERSON od; moderate os (os presumed pseudoexfoliative per prior notes). -cct 484/477 -tmax reported in mid/high-teens -pt had stopped xalatan for DATE_TIME which led to progression on DATE_TIME started after last visit (DATE_TIME) -iop on target DATE_TIME. -vf shows an inferior arcuate (denser nasally) defect od and a dense nasal step os (md: od -3.48 os: -6.07). compared to DATE_TIME, mild progression od > os. -continue with current treatment. 2. dry age related macular degeneration ou follow up in DATE_TIME with vf 24-2, oct on, gc segmentation, PERSON, before if needed. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has known glaucoma and macular degeneration. Details include open angle glaucoma and moderate pseudoexfoliative os. Patient had stopped using Xalatan, and this led to progression. Current treatment to continue.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07313", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07313.jpg", "filename": "data_07313.npz", "report": "55-year-old has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure measuring between 19-24. No family history of glaucoma. Some indications of changes in visual field tests and mild ocular thinning. No glaucoma treatment needed currently.", "age": 55.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "55 yo administrative assistant with history of sinus surgery DATE_TIME, htn, hyperlipidemia, headaches, seasonal allergies 1. ocular htn -iops ranged from 19-24 per patient tmax 20/19. cct DATE_TIME: 540/554 (ave). no fhx glaucoma gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os borderline central depression (new) hvf DATE_TIME: od superior rim loss. os barely threshhold sn depression (watch this area, suggestion DATE_TIME) hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os possible early sa (vs. rim artifact) hvf DATE_TIME: od non-specific inferior losses. os full sita-swap DATE_TIME: od sa and NRP. os scattered superior losses. 1st hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: od st and borderline i thinning, stable. os st and borderline i thinning, stable. DATE_TIME: od st and borderline inferior thinning, stable. os st and borderline inferior thinning, stable. (c/w 2014) oct DATE_TIME: od st and borderline inferior thinning, stable. os st and borderline inferior thinning, stable. oct DATE_TIME: od superior and temporal thinning, borderline inferior. os ist thinning (possibly worse os) DATE_TIME: od si thinning, borderline temporal (prob stable). os st and borderline inf thinning, stable. c DATE_TIME: superior and temporal thinning ou, borderline inferior thinning ou. oct DATE_TIME: od inferior thinning. os inferior and temporal thinning dp DATE_TIME: 0.4 ou >> discussed 10/12: PERSON on DATE_TIME sita-swap, not present on std hvf. -iop remains good. not anxious for medications, will follow closely w/o gtts for now 2. hx ctl wear x DATE_TIME, no longer wearing at all now for a while -mild inferior pannus -updated mrx DATE_TIME (removes pals to read) 3. mgd ou 4. rll capillary hemangioma of lateral tarsus (saw dr. PERSON after bled 3 times, under observation. continue ung qhs prior to cpap use) hx PERSON at visit 5/13 >> at prn, cut caffeine and now resolved", "gpt4_summary": "55-year-old has ocular hypertension with intraocular pressure measuring between 19-24. No family history of glaucoma. Some indications of changes in visual field tests and mild ocular thinning. No glaucoma treatment needed currently.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07314", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07314.jpg", "filename": "data_07314.npz", "report": "Patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, severe optic disc edema, and bilateral inferior visual field defects. No mention of glaucoma. Obesity noted. Recommended acetazolamide and weight loss.", "age": 21.98, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "diagnoses. 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension with severe optic disc edema (grade 4-5 od, grade 4 os at presentation) 2. bilateral inferior visual field defects, related to #1 3. tortuous vascular structure of the right optic nerve, likely collateral/'shunt' vessel related to #1 4. obesity, initial bmi of 45 when first evaluated here, with modest but significant weight loss recommendations. 1. return to taking acetazolamide to NRP bid (from 1000 mg am/1500mg pm); the patient will have the prescription from LOCATION sent to cvs 2. gradual weight loss (caloric and salt restricted approach), with goal weight of 260 pounds in DATE_TIME. return in DATE_TIME to include repeat oct PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME personally preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the fellow of medical tests),", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, severe optic disc edema, and bilateral inferior visual field defects. No mention of glaucoma. Obesity noted. Recommended acetazolamide and weight loss.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07315", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07315.jpg", "filename": "data_07315.npz", "report": "58 y.o. female with refractive error is using otc readers, advises +1.00 for driving. Her mother and grandmother both had glaucoma, but her nerves seem healthy. IOP slightly high, but glaucoma suspicion remains low.", "age": 58.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 y.o. female here for DATE_TIME exam 1. refractive error uses otc readers advised to use +1.00 for distance/ driving etc 2. PERSON mother and grandmother with glaucoma nerves appear healthy pachy 506/512: true iop a little higher than measured DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou monitor follow up DATE_TIME low suspicion", "gpt4_summary": "58 y.o. female with refractive error is using otc readers, advises +1.00 for driving. Her mother and grandmother both had glaucoma, but her nerves seem healthy. IOP slightly high, but glaucoma suspicion remains low.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07316", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07316.jpg", "filename": "data_07316.npz", "report": "Patient seen by PERSON PERSON has primary open angle glaucoma. Noted decreased vision acuity (20/50) in right eye after trauma. Target IOP: 13/18. Both eyes have worsened since DATE_TIME. Treatments include latanoprost, timolol, cataract extraction and trabeculectomy in right eye.", "age": 70.47, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma noted to have hvf worsening, trauma (wire) hit right eye and has had decreased va (about 20/50) since that time. target iop: 13/18, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 22 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 489 / 498 corneal hysteresis:8.0/7.5 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: glaucoma, possibly worse since DATE_TIME on oct optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: borderline visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior, likely worse from DATE_TIME visual fields on initial visit left eye: borderline inferior step stable DATE_TIME medication history and intolerances at first visit: latanoprost and timolol glaucoma procedures right eye: cataract extraction and trabeculectomy DATE_TIME glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: no steroids: no trauma: wire snapped in re asthma: no other medical history and problems: dm initial note: primary open angle glaucoma central corneal thickness 500 both eyes with visual field loss right eye borderline left eye plan: s/p cataract extraction and trabeculectomy right eye DATE_TIME iop much better DATE_TIME with drops being used diligently optical coherence tomography both eyes worse since DATE_TIME, but similar to most recent humphrey visual field mostly stable since DATE_TIME continue present management. check in DATE_TIME, intraocular pressure PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, 11:39 am) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen by PERSON PERSON has primary open angle glaucoma. Noted decreased vision acuity (20/50) in right eye after trauma. Target IOP: 13/18. Both eyes have worsened since DATE_TIME. Treatments include latanoprost, timolol, cataract extraction and trabeculectomy in right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07317", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07317.jpg", "filename": "data_07317.npz", "report": "The male patient has risk factors for open angle glaucoma, including asymmetrical cup to disc ratio, race, and age. His intraocular pressure is 14/17. He has cataract and allergies and is advised to avoid certain medications. New prescription for astigmatism and presbyopia was given. Patient monitored for retinal detachment.", "age": 72.72, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male open angle glaucoma risk factors c/d asymm, race and age. PERSON gonio: steep approaching, not occluding, multiple iris processes ou iop 14/17 tcorr +3 od +1 os hvf 24-2 normal ou continue latanoprost qhs ou. seasonal allergies gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn, allergy PERSON, and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' avoid flonase and other steroidal medications avoid decongestant 'd' variants of allergy meds cataract ou monitor. myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia ou new rx given to pt in DATE_TIME. pvd os, PERSON warned of rd sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or changes f/u in DATE_TIME for full exam with oct.", "gpt4_summary": "The male patient has risk factors for open angle glaucoma, including asymmetrical cup to disc ratio, race, and age. His intraocular pressure is 14/17. He has cataract and allergies and is advised to avoid certain medications. New prescription for astigmatism and presbyopia was given. Patient monitored for retinal detachment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07318", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07318.jpg", "filename": "data_07318.npz", "report": "The patient is on prednisone treatment but currently not taking it. Glaucoma is listed among their conditions, along with hypothyroidism, allergies, and more. No immunizations were administered.", "age": 52.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "duration: 30 day(s); dispense: 60 tablet(s); status: active; source: LOCATION,PERSON.; date: DATE_TIME PERSON, pa-c DATE_TIME 8:11 am received from: partners lmr prednisone (deltasone) 10 mg tablet prednisone 10 mg tablet; dose: taper: see cmlv for details; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: duration: 14 day(s); dispense: 54 tablet(s); not taking; status: active; source: kirakous,PERSON; date: DATE_TIME PERSON kirakous DATE_TIME prn per pt report PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME nerve root disorder lateral epicondylitis medial epicondylitis of elbow hypothyroidism seasonal allergic rhinitis overweight hypertriglyceridemia temporomandibular joint disorder melanocytic nevus of skin glaucoma stress incontinence stress fracture of metatarsal bone ankle joint instability personal history of colonic polyps gastroesophageal reflux disease without esophagitis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on prednisone treatment but currently not taking it. Glaucoma is listed among their conditions, along with hypothyroidism, allergies, and more. No immunizations were administered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07319", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07319.jpg", "filename": "data_07319.npz", "report": "Patient referred to clinic for potential glaucoma, goals set for intraocular pressure in both eyes. Monitoring blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol, and using artificial tears.", "age": 55.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "-preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 5. social/systemic issues: referred to clinic by dr. PERSON of ophthalmic consultants of LOCATION. patient is a technician at boston medical center. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME on off glaucoma medications. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in *** with iop check, ***, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred to clinic for potential glaucoma, goals set for intraocular pressure in both eyes. Monitoring blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol, and using artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07320", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07320.jpg", "filename": "data_07320.npz", "report": "The patient is on two ophthalmic solutions, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost, indicating the potential presence of glaucoma. Some tests were performed on both eyes, including a visual field test.", "age": 74.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dorzolamide-timolol (cosopt) 22.3-6.8 mg/ml ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 10 ml refills: 11 latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 2.5 ml refills: 11 your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on two ophthalmic solutions, dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost, indicating the potential presence of glaucoma. Some tests were performed on both eyes, including a visual field test.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07321", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07321.jpg", "filename": "data_07321.npz", "report": "Patient underwent Humphrey visual field and OCT optic nerve exams for both eyes. Glaucoma presence not mentioned. No results available yet.", "age": 70.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME). orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; onh cube; 6mm length; no results", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent Humphrey visual field and OCT optic nerve exams for both eyes. Glaucoma presence not mentioned. No results available yet.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07322", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07322.jpg", "filename": "data_07322.npz", "report": "66 y.o male with history of colitis, prostate cancer, hyperlipidemia, gout has borderline glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Family history of glaucoma. Treatment with latanoprost, lumigan. Also has narrow angle, meibomian gland dysfunction, and blepharitis.", "age": 66.22, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 y.o. male with h/o colitis, prostate ca s/p surgery, hyperlipidemia, gout - borderline glaucoma with ocular hypertension ou history of systemic steroid use for colitis fam hx: +uncle, +2 cousins tmax: 26/27 in ew on DATE_TIME; tmax in cos 25/22 cct: 564/579 gonio DATE_TIME: od ss (post lpi), os atm/ptm hvf DATE_TIME: ou full DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl, likely stable (but watch avg nfl) disc photos: DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME previously discussed ocular hypertension treatment study; given family history of glaucoma patient opted to start treatment iop with only ~20% reduction on latanoprost, better on lumigan. increased slightly DATE_TIME >> cont PERSON ou qhs but monitor iop - narrow angle od>os s/p laser peripheral iridotomy od DATE_TIME angle improved but patient had noted dysphotopsia od ('line in vision' when lifts head up) which may be related to the pi. mostly tolerates now but still occasionally bothered on overcast days >> options previously discussed with patient including colored cl, corneal tattoo. recommend observation for now as symptoms have improved >> will monitor angle os but hold on lpi os (angle was better than od initially) >> signs/symptoms of acute pupillary block discussed with patient; he knows to go to nearest er if any such symptoms >> if needs lpi os in future, could consider temporal position - meibomian gland dysfunction/ blepharitis ou reports intermittent redness PERSON may also be contributing to redness ou >> warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears [rm - combined senile cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living >> observe - refractive error >> defers new glasses prescription DATE_TIME. happy with +1.50 otc readers f/up DATE_TIME with dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "66 y.o male with history of colitis, prostate cancer, hyperlipidemia, gout has borderline glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Family history of glaucoma. Treatment with latanoprost, lumigan. Also has narrow angle, meibomian gland dysfunction, and blepharitis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07323", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07323.jpg", "filename": "data_07323.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in right eye with superior loss; left eye normal. History of taking dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost. High intraocular pressure in right eye, visual field may be subtly worse. No trauma or steroid use.", "age": 49.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma right eye (ice) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 34 ( ) / 21 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: ciliary body band refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: superior loss optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: inferior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: dorzolamide/timolol brimonidine latanoprost glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother/gm, no vision loss steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: dm plan: intraocular pressure may be too high right eye visual field may be subtly worse; check in DATE_TIME, repeat visual field right eye initial note: has a ectropion uveae right eye and much higher intraocular pressure in that eye. monitored by PERSON right eye and treated right eye for intraocular pressure. early visual field and nerve fiber layer loss right eye; no other findings of ice", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in right eye with superior loss; left eye normal. History of taking dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost. High intraocular pressure in right eye, visual field may be subtly worse. No trauma or steroid use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07324", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07324.jpg", "filename": "data_07324.npz", "report": "Patient has worsening visual symptoms, increased optic nerve edema and asymptomatic exophoria. Impression indicates cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, optic disc edema, and a visual disturbance. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 51.64, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "also has an essentially asymptomatic exophoria thus he has had a worsening of his visual symptoms and function, and an interval increase in his optic nerve edema. i will repeat the ctv to assess for any change in the thrombosis. i will increase acetazolamide. he will continue on enoxaparin as directed by his hematologist. my overall impression is 1. multiple cerebral venous sinus thrombosis leading to a pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, failed apixiban according to ctv on DATE_TIME, now on therapeutic enoxaparin, with gradual radiologic improvement in clot burden 2. asymmetric optic disc edema od>os, likely secondary to #1, probably worsened after treatment discontinuation; mild asymmetry in the presence of papilledema can sometimes occur 3. transient visual disturbance od, with nonspecific scintillating lights, improved since anticoagulation, probably a migrainous feature 4. he also has an essentially asymptomatic exophoria my plan is: - repeat ctv DATE_TIME - repeat bmp - continue anticoagulation with enoxaparin - increase acetazolamide to 100/500 mg bid for now given recent worsening; change from tablets to diamox sequels to improve bowel tolerability i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non-face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has worsening visual symptoms, increased optic nerve edema and asymptomatic exophoria. Impression indicates cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, optic disc edema, and a visual disturbance. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07325", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07325.jpg", "filename": "data_07325.npz", "report": "The 73-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect with a potentially higher intraocular pressure than measured. They have a history of a YAG procedure and bilaterally lid blepharoplasty. They also have blepharitis, mild guttae, and a possible inclusion cyst. No glaucoma present.", "age": 73.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 yo Last saw me 10/2021 for YAG Before that, saw DOCTOR #Glaucoma suspect IOPDATE_TIME today ;CCT 512, 500- IOP likely higher than measured No FHx. HVF 2/21/17: full OU. HVF 06/16/20: non specfic changes on edge OS, ?lens rim artifact OD. HVF 3/2022: Reliable and full OU OCT DATE_TIME: WNL OU. OCT DATE_TIME: WNL OCT 3/2022: Full rims OU Observe. \u00ff #Inclusion Cyst RUL By Inner Cantus #S/p Bilateral Upper Lid Blepharoplasty Done by DOCTOR. \u00ff #PVD OS / S/p Vitrectomy OD Observe. \u00ff #PPV/ERM peel OD for ERM/lamellar hole 7/7/17 Followed by DOCTOR. \u00ff #s/p Phaco/PCIOL OS \u00ff DATE_TIME OD DATE_TIME Residual lid drooping OS-- observe. \u00ff\u00ff #Blepharitis OU with stye RLL >> WC/LH - Discussed that at this point can drain v. Observe and let resolve - Will observe for a few more weeks and notify me if it doesn't resolve- I can set up drainage - No evidence of infection \u00ff #Mild guttae OU Discussed sx, natural progression. \u00ff F/U in 1 year for MRx, DFE, RNFL OCT, Specular _____________________ NAME LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The 73-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect with a potentially higher intraocular pressure than measured. They have a history of a YAG procedure and bilaterally lid blepharoplasty. They also have blepharitis, mild guttae, and a possible inclusion cyst. No glaucoma present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07326", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07326.jpg", "filename": "data_07326.npz", "report": "The patient has a right visual impairment that has improved. Both eyes have non-specific defects and poor reliability parameters in visual fields. He's due for a glaucoma clinic appointment.", "age": 69.3, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right -4.75 -1.50 110 left -5.50 -1.25 55 humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes component value flag ref range units status hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye 0.62 db final hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye -0.95 db final hvf pattern standard deviation (os) - left eye 2.57 db final hvf pattern standard deviation (od) - right eye 2.22 db final right eye reliability/fixation was borderline. mean deviation was calculated to be: -0.95 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 2.22 db db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: 0.62 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 2.57 db db. notes re: 4/12 fixation losses, 15% false positives, no false negatives; le: 6/12 fixation losses, 30% false positives, no false negatives, nasal paracentral scotoma formulation: his right vi n palsy is considerably improved, as is his acuity re. his visual fields have poor reliability parameters. recommendations: situation discussed with patient and daughter. he has appointment in DATE_TIME in glaucoma clinic with dr. PERSONdel valle, so i sent him out. re-examination prn PERSON, PERSON, LOCATION. PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a right visual impairment that has improved. Both eyes have non-specific defects and poor reliability parameters in visual fields. He's due for a glaucoma clinic appointment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07327", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07327.jpg", "filename": "data_07327.npz", "report": "91-year-old male likely has moderate/severe glaucoma in right eye and mild/moderate in left eye. Drops prescribed for intraocular pressure reduction. Evidence of progression in both eyes.", "age": 91.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "assessment and plan: 91 y.o. male with PERSON on eliquis, bph, htn, copd new pt to me on DATE_TIME (seen with dr. PERSON in ew DATE_TIME) presents for eye exam #pco os s/p yag capsulotomy DATE_TIME - doing great, very happy with improved vision \u00ff # likely mod/severe glaucoma od and mild/mod glaucoma os, possible evidence of pxf on pupillary rim ou - glaucoma meds: latanoprost qhs ou (started DATE_TIME) - fhx: daughter being followed as glaucoma suspect - glauc drug allergies: none - iop DATE_TIME 18/17 - tmax (DATE_TIME) 26/16 - gonio (DATE_TIME): open ou w/ dark tm - pachy (DATE_TIME): 528/512 - hx eye surg or lasers: PERSON DATE_TIME: od: ok reliability, worsening field with inferior arcuate and paracentral changes, os stable with inf nasal step and sup arcuate hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, od periph defects possible sup and inf changes; os concern for sup arcuate, inf nasal step DATE_TIME: progression ou with od thinning sup and PERSON, borderline temporally, os thinning inf oct DATE_TIME: od borderline sup and PERSON, os green/full >> DATE_TIME with worsened hvf and oct rnfl od>os (espeically with paracentral changes od); discussed concern for progression of glaucoma ou. discussed that we should start iop lowering drops DATE_TIME and refer for glaucoma evaluation (dr. PERSON) \u00ff>> start latanoprost qhs ou. discussed also starting brimonidine but pt wants to try one drop first. refer to PERSON in DATE_TIME rtc DATE_TIME to me, dilate, mrx iop app PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "91-year-old male likely has moderate/severe glaucoma in right eye and mild/moderate in left eye. Drops prescribed for intraocular pressure reduction. Evidence of progression in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07328", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07328.jpg", "filename": "data_07328.npz", "report": "The note discusses managing headaches, a new refraction for progressive glasses, and follow-up neuro-ophthalmic exams as needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 40.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "headache management 2. new refraction for progressive glasses 3. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination prn PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses managing headaches, a new refraction for progressive glasses, and follow-up neuro-ophthalmic exams as needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07329", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07329.jpg", "filename": "data_07329.npz", "report": "56 y.o. female with increased c:d ratio ou, suggesting possible glaucoma, but IOP is controlled. Also has periocular dermatitis controlled on medication, refractive error corrected with new glasses.", "age": 56.58, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "56 y.o. female 1. increased c:d ratio ou possible physiologic cupping vs poag(s) fhx unknown iop controlled hvf full ou oct wnl dp stable c/w 2015 h/o chronic once DATE_TIME use of PERSON DATE_TIME stopped after last exam observe 2. periocular dermatitis - possibly allergic +/- eczematous overlay (does have hx of dry skin in past but no particular eczema diagnosis) -sx controlled on PERSON to lids qd x DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME olopatadine currently on patanol and emycin and lids look healthy, cpm 3. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME, mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o. female with increased c:d ratio ou, suggesting possible glaucoma, but IOP is controlled. Also has periocular dermatitis controlled on medication, refractive error corrected with new glasses.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07330", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07330.jpg", "filename": "data_07330.npz", "report": "The patient is on multiple medications, including ibuprofen for pain and various topicals. Key conditions include migraine, anxiety disorder, infertility, and pregnancy. Prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT test are mentioned, possibly for monitoring eye health; however, no specific mention of glaucoma.", "age": 34.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "mg tablet take 3 tablets (975 mg total) by mouth every 8 (DATE_TIME as needed for mild pain (fever greater than 38.4 degrees c). benzocaine-lanolin-aloe vera (dermoplast) 20-0.5 % aero apply 1 application topically 2 (two) times a day as needed (perineal area). PERSON (colace) 100 mg capsule take 1 capsule (100 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. folic acid (folvite) 1 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME pradeep shelke DATE_TIME metal med transfer process glycerin-witch hazel 12.5-50 % padm apply 1 application topically as needed. hydrocortisone (anusol-hc) 2.5 % rectal cream place rectally 2 (two) times a day. ibuprofen (advil,motrin) 600 mg tablet take 1 tablet (600 mg total) by mouth every 6 (DATE_TIME as needed. multivitamin per tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME pradeep shelke DATE_TIME metal med transfer process senna (senokot) 8.6 mg tablet take 2 tablets by mouth nightly. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; onh cube; 6mm length; no as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME migraine temporomandibular joint disorder anxiety disorder infertility sturge-weber sequence pregnancy rh negative state in antepartum period normal pregnancy results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on multiple medications, including ibuprofen for pain and various topicals. Key conditions include migraine, anxiety disorder, infertility, and pregnancy. Prescriptions for Glenn-Humphrey visual field and OCT test are mentioned, possibly for monitoring eye health; however, no specific mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07331", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07331.jpg", "filename": "data_07331.npz", "report": "Normal eye pressures, cupping seen in fundus exam. OCT ganglion segmentation: inferior altitudinal loss in right eye, temporal loss in left. MRI results stable; vision also stable. Glaucoma suspicion due to optic nerve cupping, but patient could also have extrinsic compressive optic neuropathy. Recommended timolol drops continuation. Impressions: sella/cavernous sinus mass, intracranial hemorrhage, increased cup:disc ratio, and left optic neuropathy. Future MRI and neuro-ophthalmic exam scheduled.", "age": 65.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "pressures were normal. her fundus exam showed cupping, but otherwise healthy nerves.her oct ganglion segmentation showed inferior altitudinal loss in the right eye, and temporal loss in the left eye. her most recent mri in DATE_TIME showed stable results. overall her vision has been stable. she is scheduled for another mri in DATE_TIME. i will see her again in DATE_TIME. i still suspect that she does not have glaucoma, but i recommended continuing the timolol for now; since should would have been treated for glaucoma considering the optic nerve cupping. in the context of tumor, the cupping could be either due to glaucoma or extrinsic compressive optic neuropathy and there is no way to differentiate the two. therefore, i recommend continuing the timolol drops for now. impression: 1. sella/cavernous sinus mass, status post craniotomy (DATE_TIME) which revealed a pilocytic astrocytoma; moderately large residual mass 2. intracranial hemorrhage, DATE_TIME, secondary to #1 3. increased cup:disc ratio ou, glaucoma suspect 4. left optic neuropathy, likely due to #1 recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. follow-up with PERSON. follow up with general ophthalmologist 4. patient to obtain digital copies of fundus photos from DATE_TIME, done at ophthalmologist office in ct, to help see if there was cupping, possibly due to glaucoma, back then this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Normal eye pressures, cupping seen in fundus exam. OCT ganglion segmentation: inferior altitudinal loss in right eye, temporal loss in left. MRI results stable; vision also stable. Glaucoma suspicion due to optic nerve cupping, but patient could also have extrinsic compressive optic neuropathy. Recommended timolol drops continuation. Impressions: sella/cavernous sinus mass, intracranial hemorrhage, increased cup:disc ratio, and left optic neuropathy. Future MRI and neuro-ophthalmic exam scheduled.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07332", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07332.jpg", "filename": "data_07332.npz", "report": "The patient is under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy and needs to continue artificial tears. There's no mention of glaucoma. They also require neuro-ophthalmic follow up.", "age": 74.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "needed 1. continue follow up with dr. PERSON and PERSON (rheumatology) for immunosuppressive therapy 2. recommend continuing use of artificial tears 3. neuro-ophthalmic follow up in DATE_TIME or sooner if needed PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of emilie bergeron, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests), re-review of the earlier mri, and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is under follow-up for immunosuppressive therapy and needs to continue artificial tears. There's no mention of glaucoma. They also require neuro-ophthalmic follow up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07333", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07333.jpg", "filename": "data_07333.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspect of anatomical narrow angle glaucoma. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes, causing initial pain in the right eye. The intraocular pressure increased after dilation but resolved once pressure lowering drops were applied.", "age": 47.56, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "left-sided plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 19.7 19.7 tonometry #2 (app by LOCATION DATE_TIME) right left pressure 15 16 tonometry #3 (app by LOCATION dilation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 28 23 tonometry #4 (app by LOCATION dilation and iop lowering drops , DATE_TIME) right left pressure DATE_TIME , acceptable for suspect od, acceptable for suspect PERSON is an anatomical narrow angle glaucoma suspect ou s/p lpi od DATE_TIME (LOCATION) and lpi os DATE_TIME who is here gonio, humphrey visual field 24-2 and dfe *pt had robust pain reaction after lpi od and we took precautions to ensure that this would not happen os. i also gave pt my personal cell phone number and told her to contact me if she had a similar response with lpi os. *no issues s/p laser peripheral iridotomy left eye. *humphrey visual field 24-2 is full both eyes. *both PERSON appeared patent but iops became elevated right eye> left eye eyes after dilation with only 0.5% tropicamide. *drops from intraocular pressure lowering kit was applied both eyes and intraocular pressure resolved. on a positive note, subjectively the issues she was having with eye pressure/pain has resolved since the lpi continue pred taper DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME then DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME then stop left eye last dilated exam: DATE_TIME with 0.5% tropicamide only after md checked gonio DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: none return to glaucoma clinic at DATE_TIME with revision/enlargement of laser peripheral iridotomy od kathryn duckworth acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspect of anatomical narrow angle glaucoma. They underwent laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes, causing initial pain in the right eye. The intraocular pressure increased after dilation but resolved once pressure lowering drops were applied.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07334", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07334.jpg", "filename": "data_07334.npz", "report": "The 53-year-old patient is new, referred due to new floaters, fluid in the eye, and a diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Recommended laser retinopexy. Also, the suspect of glaucoma is present, with dry eye disease. No retinal breaks seen.", "age": 53.91, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "53 y.o. new patient to md on DATE_TIME referred by PERSON PERSON # hst os at DATE_TIME with small cuff of adjacent fluid - endorses new floaters ou DATE_TIME - + pvd - recommend laser retinopexy, rba discussed - pt understands risk of procedure including decreased vision, loss of eye, redetachment, need for additional surgery/procedure, positioning requirements following the procedure/surgery - pt understands that following laser, new retinal tears, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment or other retinal pathology can still occur and the precautions for these were extensively reviewed. pt understands to call or come back to the emergency room in this case - consents signed and all questions answered # pvd od - diagnosed in the ed DATE_TIME precautions # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes # old posterior vitreous detachment, right eye. no retinal breaks seen. # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. adequate symptomatic control. sees PERSON PERSON plan lrp os DATE_TIME follow up in DATE_TIME for exam , oct and optos ou lains i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. dahrouj", "gpt4_summary": "The 53-year-old patient is new, referred due to new floaters, fluid in the eye, and a diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Recommended laser retinopexy. Also, the suspect of glaucoma is present, with dry eye disease. No retinal breaks seen.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07335", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07335.jpg", "filename": "data_07335.npz", "report": "Male patient suspected of glaucoma based on increased c/d ou. IOP is okay. New inferior nasal defect found, however, OCT findings don't correlate. Inferior defects were found. Epiretinal membrane and mild cataracts are not significant. Dry eyes; artificial tears recommended.", "age": 65.32, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME male here for follow-up: \u00ff\u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect based on increased c/d ou not aware of any family history of glaucoma iop ok with above average cct (~600 ou on past measurements) hvf full 2/12 hvf DATE_TIME: normal in LOCATION has new inferior nasal defect, does not correlate with oct findings hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, few inferior nasal defects os, similar to last one (suspicious, not seen on initial hvf from DATE_TIME) hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, scattered inf defects, PERSON compared to last one hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and full od, inferior arcuate defect os that was seen prior, slightly progressed DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, od with inferior defects, os full hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, inferior nasal defect os \u00ff hrt with inferior thinning 5/09 oct nfl 8/11 with borderline thining superiorly od/normal os oct DATE_TIME: superior thinning od, ?worse than prior, os normal oct rnfl DATE_TIME: superior thinning od, aevrage rnfl thickness normal, stable compared to previous oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning od, normal os, average rnfl thickness 84/83, stable oct rnfl DATE_TIME: stable borderline sup thinning od, os normal DATE_TIME: sup thinning od, normal os \u00ff\u00ff rec: start latanoprost qhs ou oct rnfl next time \u00ff\u00ff 2. dry eyes artificial tears and artificial tear gel recommended as needed for ocular irritation. \u00ff\u00ff 3. mild cataracts ou not visually significant observe \u00ff\u00ff 4. epiretinal membrane ou not visually significant mac DATE_TIME mild distortion os, not significant \u00ff\u00ff 5. refractive error an updated prescription was provided for the patient last time (DATE_TIME) \u00ff\u00ff 6. posterior vitreous detachment os \u00ff\u00ff no retinal pathology retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows \u00ff\u00ff \u00ff\u00ff \u00ff\u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient suspected of glaucoma based on increased c/d ou. IOP is okay. New inferior nasal defect found, however, OCT findings don't correlate. Inferior defects were found. Epiretinal membrane and mild cataracts are not significant. Dry eyes; artificial tears recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07336", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07336.jpg", "filename": "data_07336.npz", "report": "The note mentions an error and a possible family history of glaucoma. The patient is recommended an updated refraction, with follow-up as needed.", "age": 27.09, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "error ou 2. family history of glaucoma ? recommendations: 1. updated refraction 2. follow up in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions an error and a possible family history of glaucoma. The patient is recommended an updated refraction, with follow-up as needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07337", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07337.jpg", "filename": "data_07337.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of several conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, uveitis, hypertension, hemoptysis, sarcoidosis, sensorineural hearing loss, hyperlipidemia, and open-angle glaucoma. No immunizations were administered.", "age": 65.65, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PHONE_NUMBER you can take some simple steps to help your exam go smoothly, and even improve the quality of the images. you may be asked to wash off any skin creams, perfumes, powders, or antiperspirants applied near the breasts on DATE_TIME of your exam. some ingredients of these products can show up on the film or otherwise interfere with the quality of the images, which then would need to be repeated for clarification. wear a two-piece outfit (skirt or pants and a top) for ease and comfort. you will be given a gown before the exam, but you only need to remove your clothes from the waist up. if your most recent mammography examination was not performed at this facility, bring the films with you to the appointment. the most subtle abnormalities are often detected because they represent a change from a previous mammogram. also, extra pictures to clarify a questionable finding may not be necessary if the radiologist notes a similar appearance on a previous mammogram. relax during the exam and allow the technologist to position you for each picture. if your muscles are tense, it will be more difficult for the technologist to position and take clear images of your breast. DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON for primary care PHONE_NUMBER condition list as of DATE_TIME type 2 diabetes mellitus history of abnormal cervical pap smear allergic rhinitis bronchiectasis uveitis hypertensive disorder hemoptysis sarcoidosis sensorineural hearing loss hyperlipidemia open-angle glaucoma, indeterminate stage edema results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of several conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, uveitis, hypertension, hemoptysis, sarcoidosis, sensorineural hearing loss, hyperlipidemia, and open-angle glaucoma. No immunizations were administered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07338", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07338.jpg", "filename": "data_07338.npz", "report": "The note discusses a 56-year-old white, non-hispanic female who has been evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 56.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 56 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses a 56-year-old white, non-hispanic female who has been evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07339", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07339.jpg", "filename": "data_07339.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma. The note mostly describes the process of reviewing the case and potential high risk of visual or neurological issues.", "age": 31.08, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'formulation and impression' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication of management with PERSON PERSON. with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.] dean PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma. The note mostly describes the process of reviewing the case and potential high risk of visual or neurological issues.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07340", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07340.jpg", "filename": "data_07340.npz", "report": "Patient's iris is changing color, patient is okay with this. On timolol and PERSON, both for eyes. Return to glaucoma clinic for left eye visual field evaluation. Also has AMD.", "age": 69.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "tomography and dilation both eyes *prev discussed the changes in iris color (eyes are turning brown), pt is ok with that -continue PERSON qhs both eyes -continue timolol qam left eye only last dilated exam: DATE_TIME- dilated with retina DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic in DATE_TIME for repeat humphrey visual field 24-2 standard in left eye only sharing care with retina service for amd", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's iris is changing color, patient is okay with this. On timolol and PERSON, both for eyes. Return to glaucoma clinic for left eye visual field evaluation. Also has AMD.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07341", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07341.jpg", "filename": "data_07341.npz", "report": "The patient showed right eye erythema and lid swelling with no symptoms of posterior involvement. After irrigation and ointment, the patient's condition improved. Possible cataract extraction mentioned for intraocular pressure control. Glaucoma tests to be reviewed later.", "age": 67.18, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "day course of PERSON. exam still with erythema and lid swelling. no symptoms of posterior involvement. dfe right eye also does not show evidence of posterior involvement. irrigated eye with sterile bss. examined for residual fb with eversion of the right eyelid. one marginal bit of debris vs PERSON cap removed with NRP. maxitrol ointment qid. *may need cataract extraction for better iop control; although angles not technically occludable he is still rather narrow and we will watch for now continue PERSON continue brimonidine bid os only f/u in DATE_TIME by phone regarding symptoms, i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for dr. PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. PERSON r LOCATION, PERSON: pt contacted DATE_TIME and reported much improvement right eye since eye was irrigated in clinic and maxitrol ointment was started. i advised him to wait DATE_TIME until totally healed and then restart glc drops. will see him again in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed. will review the results of DATE_TIME glaucoma tests at that time; the tests were performed DATE_TIME as the technicians didn't realize it was an acute visit as opposed to a routine glaucoma visit.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient showed right eye erythema and lid swelling with no symptoms of posterior involvement. After irrigation and ointment, the patient's condition improved. Possible cataract extraction mentioned for intraocular pressure control. Glaucoma tests to be reviewed later.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07342", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07342.jpg", "filename": "data_07342.npz", "report": "Male patient with suspicion of glaucoma due to family history. Partially blind from birth and has thin retinal nerve fiber layer. Mild cataract detected, visual acuity uncorrected 20/15. Visual disturbance stable.", "age": 47.76, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male glaucoma suspect due to +fmhx (pgf, cousin (went blind at DATE_TIME)). bother born with one eye blind PERSON is +4 od +6 os, s/PERSON. iop 14/15 hvf 24-2 full ou baseline rnfl slightly thin superior and inferior od, thin inferior os mild cataract ou nvs. 20/15 ou uncorrected. observation at this time. PERSON ou stable. uv protection and at's prn. s/PERSON in DATE_TIME. pt reports -5.50 prior to surgery. patient reached out to tlc; they destroyed the records f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe, hvf 24-2, oct, ar/refract, iop check.", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient with suspicion of glaucoma due to family history. Partially blind from birth and has thin retinal nerve fiber layer. Mild cataract detected, visual acuity uncorrected 20/15. Visual disturbance stable.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07343", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07343.jpg", "filename": "data_07343.npz", "report": "The clinical note discusses repeat Humphrey visual field testing, fundus photos, and a potential pre-operative assessment of visual function. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 47.34, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "with repeat humphrey visual field testing and fundus photos. 3. if surgical intervention is planned, then i would like to see him DATE_TIME pre-operatively to assess his visual function at that time. (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow). ? PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note discusses repeat Humphrey visual field testing, fundus photos, and a potential pre-operative assessment of visual function. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07344", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07344.jpg", "filename": "data_07344.npz", "report": "80-year-old female patient with history of hypertension, depression, atrial fibrillation, referred for cataract surgery. Has cataract, worse in left eye, wishes to proceed with surgery. Also diagnosed with Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma in both eyes, currently being managed with Latanoprost.", "age": 80.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 yo woman (retired computer programmer) with history of htn, depression, afib on diltiazem and eliquis hearing aids new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, referred by dr. PERSON (sailing friend!) for cataract surgery. 1. cataract os > od, in setting of pxf ou - symptomatic with decreased visual acuity os; mild halos and glare. glare 20/400 os - interested in monovision - os near, od distance; reasonable to consider >> refer for cl trial, LOCATION target os - risks, benefits, and alternatives to cataract surgery were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. all iol options discussed. wishes to proceed, wishes to aim near (assuming ok with cl trial) with monofocal os. deep brow. aware of increased risk with pxf ou discussed anesthetic options, wishes to proceed with peribulbar 2. pxf glaucoma ou - fhx: glaucoma in father (managed medically, no vision loss) - monitored as glaucoma suspect for DATE_TIME, no history of drops - diagnosed with glaucoma DATE_TIME in setting of elevated iop os (patient does not know how high) - started on latanoprost ou qhs x DATE_TIME (PERSON) - last hvf DATE_TIME - cct DATE_TIME: 491/481 (thin) - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - oct DATE_TIME: WNL ou", "gpt4_summary": "80-year-old female patient with history of hypertension, depression, atrial fibrillation, referred for cataract surgery. Has cataract, worse in left eye, wishes to proceed with surgery. Also diagnosed with Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) glaucoma in both eyes, currently being managed with Latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07345", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07345.jpg", "filename": "data_07345.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma or any specific medical conditions. It mentions stable test results.", "age": 34.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "we also reviewed his testing done on DATE_TIME, which thankfully is stable and gives us time to decide on next step forward.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide information about the presence of glaucoma or any specific medical conditions. It mentions stable test results.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07346", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07346.jpg", "filename": "data_07346.npz", "report": "90 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Instructions given for account activation.", "age": 90.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "a 90 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "90 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Instructions given for account activation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07347", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07347.jpg", "filename": "data_07347.npz", "report": "Patient seen and assessed for glaucoma. No glaucoma medication intolerances noted. There's normal tension glaucoma, moderate to severe, in the left eye with IOP too high. Patient elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty. Patient also has mild cataracts in both eyes.", "age": 45.39, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously seen by dr. PERSON, PERSON, PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 / 19 central corneal thickness: 618 / 587 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: superior paracentral family history: father, uncle steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, migraine assessment/plan: 45 y.o. male dentist # normal tension glaucoma, moderate to severe (paracentral), left eye - iop too high os, acceptable od - discussed slt vs drops - i discussed the risks/benefits/alternatives to left eye selective laser trabeculoplasty including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, acute eye pressure elevation, and inadequate eye pressure lowering that requires further treatment. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen and assessed for glaucoma. No glaucoma medication intolerances noted. There's normal tension glaucoma, moderate to severe, in the left eye with IOP too high. Patient elected to undergo selective laser trabeculoplasty. Patient also has mild cataracts in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07348", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07348.jpg", "filename": "data_07348.npz", "report": "The patient is a 63-year-old male with primary open angle glaucoma, mild in the right eye and mixed mechanism glaucoma, moderate in the left eye. No sign of medication intolerances. Stable condition, continues latanoprost treatment.", "age": 62.22, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON, PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 26 / 26 central corneal thickness: 618 / 598 gonioscopy: e50f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 63 y.o. male # primary open angle glaucoma, mild, right eye # mixed mechanism glaucoma, moderate, left eye - dense inferior arcuate stable since DATE_TIME, could correspond with abnormal/myelinated superotemporal disc - iop acceptable ou - vf roughly stable ou; oct stable od, possibly thinner superior os but image capture issues - continue latanoprost qhs ou, PERSON bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/p ppv/cryo/fax/agx 12% c3f8, left eye (DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) # history of post-surgical cystoid macular edema, left eye # choroidal nevus, right eye - next appointment with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, left eye (DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) - zcb00 +18.0, aim -6.5 d, intra-operative PERSON with capsular tension ring placement # cataract, right eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor # refractive error - dispensed updated mrx DATE_TIME for backup PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 63-year-old male with primary open angle glaucoma, mild in the right eye and mixed mechanism glaucoma, moderate in the left eye. No sign of medication intolerances. Stable condition, continues latanoprost treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07349", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07349.jpg", "filename": "data_07349.npz", "report": "Patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, indicating possible glaucoma. Treatments include latanoprost, rhopressa, and pf ats as prescribed. Previously underwent phaco/xen gel stent and slt 360\u00f8 procedures.", "age": 59.21, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "he's going to PERSON to see him! of note, he works with autistic children for work. \u00ff attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on PERSON, PERSON, latanoprost qhs ou, and s/p phaco/xen gel stent od. -continue PERSON. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -continue PERSON => samples given to patient on DATE_TIME. -restart rhopressa qhs ou => samples given on DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME. -continue pf ats 6-8x/day prn ou. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -i reviewed outside records on DATE_TIME: no significant change in hvf, so baseline at PERSON on DATE_TIME is accurate for future comparisons. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: we proceeded with phaco/xen gel stent od on DATE_TIME given hvf progression and iop persistently above goal on mtmtx except for vyzulta. -5-fu injection given on DATE_TIME given iop elevation s/p xen gel stent with pre- and post betadine. -mrx given to patient at his request on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given elevated iop os with possible worsening of hvf os, we proceeded with slt 360\u00f8 os on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx ou, bat os, optical biometry ou, hvf 24-2 size v os, dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. strongly consider phaco/bgi os in the near future if iop remains elevated. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, indicating possible glaucoma. Treatments include latanoprost, rhopressa, and pf ats as prescribed. Previously underwent phaco/xen gel stent and slt 360\u00f8 procedures.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07350", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07350.jpg", "filename": "data_07350.npz", "report": "The patient is a female suspected of low-risk glaucoma due to her family history, thin cornea, and myopia. She does not show signs of ocular melanoma. Her father, who has a history of detached retinas and is treated for glaucoma, used latanoprost.", "age": 43.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female low suspicion glaucoma suspect risk factors: + family hx, thin cornea, myopia, slightly thin oct and gcl changes dad on PERSON (latanoprost) DATE_TIME hvf 24-2 and iop hx of myopia dad with rd x2 warned of rd sx early presbyopia, otc readers as needed s/PERSON by PERSON patient made visit DATE_TIME as friend had ocular melanoma -- (she does not have any suspicious lesions) follow up DATE_TIME, iop, hvf 24-2, no dilation ou per patient gateway message: father detached retinas (2) were in different eyes. ~2018, approx 1y apart. first may have been due to trauma (severe vomiting). LOCATION @ tufts. -father is 74yo; treated for glaucoma for DATE_TIME script for him is latanoprost 0.005% one drop each eye daily -mother's 'holes' in right retina were lasered NRP \u00ff f/u 1 yr, mrx, dilate, oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a female suspected of low-risk glaucoma due to her family history, thin cornea, and myopia. She does not show signs of ocular melanoma. Her father, who has a history of detached retinas and is treated for glaucoma, used latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07351", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07351.jpg", "filename": "data_07351.npz", "report": "The patient is undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack (TIA), including MRI and MRA. They also have bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis but are asymptomatic. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 81.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "should undergo work up for tia, including imaging carotid arteries. plan: -mri brain -mra head and neck -stroke work up recs per neurology -patient should follow up with neuro-ophthalmology (neuro-op fellow will follow up DATE_TIME with primary team) #bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis. patient is asymptomatic. currently undergoing stroke work up in the middle of a pandemic -follow up with oculoplastics in DATE_TIME for evaluation of repair (referral placed) -return to PERSON ed immediately if decreased/change in vision, pain, flashes, floaters, visual field ) defect/curtain/shade, double vision, worsening, or any other concerns.? PERSON, md, ms ophthalmology resident | class DATE_TIME LOCATION PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME 0011 PERSON, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is undergoing a workup for a transient ischemic attack (TIA), including MRI and MRA. They also have bilateral lower lid entropion with trichiasis but are asymptomatic. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07352", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07352.jpg", "filename": "data_07352.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve test on both eyes. It reports conditions including cerebrovascular accident, hypertensive disorder, pseudoexfoliation, and indeterminate stage glaucoma.", "age": 76.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl future labs/procedures complete by expires oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME cerebrovascular accident hypertensive disorder pseudoexfoliation (pxf) glaucoma, indeterminate stage results", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions a Humphrey visual field and optic nerve test on both eyes. It reports conditions including cerebrovascular accident, hypertensive disorder, pseudoexfoliation, and indeterminate stage glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07353", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07353.jpg", "filename": "data_07353.npz", "report": "The patient's pre-visit symptom screening was conducted with no presence of symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell. They had no contact with COVID-19. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 68.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's pre-visit symptom screening was conducted with no presence of symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of taste/smell. They had no contact with COVID-19. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07354", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07354.jpg", "filename": "data_07354.npz", "report": "Patient has possible nasal defect in left eye and non-specific defects in right. Ancillary studies indicate no ocular damage from prolactinoma. No signs of glaucoma noted. Recommended follow-up.", "age": 42.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "disc edema or pallor in either eye. my interpretation of ancillary studies that i obtained revealed that: she has a possible nasal defect in the left eye and has non specific defects in the right (good reliability). oct rnfl and gcc were both within normal limits bilaterally. summary. unfortunately, we could not fully evaluate this patient since we do not have access to the mri imaging. however, her afferent function and ancillary testing is reassuring, showing no ocular damage from the prolactinoma. we recommend that she sees a neurologist, neuro-endocrinologist and neuro-surgeon soon for further evaluation of medical and surgical management. this can be done through her primary care doctor. we are happy to arrange referrals with in the Institution system if this is preferred. we will see her in DATE_TIME to look at her mri scan to further assess her risk. diagnoses. 1. PERSON extension and impingement on optic chiasm recommendations. 1. follow up in DATE_TIME with cd mri 2. follow up with neurologist, neuro-endocrine and neuro-surgeon PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology resident.) ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.] sincerely, PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has possible nasal defect in left eye and non-specific defects in right. Ancillary studies indicate no ocular damage from prolactinoma. No signs of glaucoma noted. Recommended follow-up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07355", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07355.jpg", "filename": "data_07355.npz", "report": "Patient had cataract surgery and lens implants, but second surgery needed for intolerance to monovision. Patient reports reduced vision and dysphotopsias, but vision improves with prescription. History of glaucoma is uncertain but patient may need to use alphagan. No signs of glaucoma currently, though thinning observed in corneas. New glasses prescription given.", "age": 77.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "1) lens implants ou: cataract surgery around DATE_TIME. initially aimed for monovision, but she could not tolerate it, so according to the patient she had a second surgery od to replace the lens. yag laser os. now complains of decreased vision ou. main symptoms are at DATE_TIME - complains of glare and halos, which really disturb her. improves to 20/25 od and 20/20 os with prescription. dysphotopsias. she might have tried the alphagan but is not sure. -give new glasses prescription -may end up using alphagan any way for glaucoma - discuss next time 2) history of glaucoma? surgery on both eyes (DATE_TIME). not under any drops. no signs of trabeculectomy ou - probably alt or slt laser in past. has not been checked for glaucoma for DATE_TIME, but mentions that has done visual fields before. nerves look healthy ou. pressures ok DATE_TIME again. visual fields show defects ou (poor quality) and the otc shows thinning ou (which doesn't really match the fields). gonio is open but corneas are thin. - return for repeat visual fields and consider starting drops dfe: 6/17 vf: 3/19 oct: 3/19 gonio: 3/19 tmax: ?DATE_TIME cct: 498, 499 fhx: no 3) posterior vitreous detachment ou: benign - retinal detachment precautions 4) refractive: changed -give new rx for glasses", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had cataract surgery and lens implants, but second surgery needed for intolerance to monovision. Patient reports reduced vision and dysphotopsias, but vision improves with prescription. History of glaucoma is uncertain but patient may need to use alphagan. No signs of glaucoma currently, though thinning observed in corneas. New glasses prescription given.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07356", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07356.jpg", "filename": "data_07356.npz", "report": "Patient completed testing but rescheduled appointment. Document doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 73.38, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient testing appointment was scheduled for 8.20am patient arrived at 7.45am (completed all testing). patient unable to stay for appointment which was scheduled for DATE_TIME -decided to reschedule after having vision and testing done. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient completed testing but rescheduled appointment. Document doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07357", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07357.jpg", "filename": "data_07357.npz", "report": "The patient is taking vitamins B1, B6, B12, warfarin, zinc, and bimatoprost. They have glaucoma among other health conditions such as chronic atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency, and hypertension.", "age": 86.85, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "received from: INSTITUTION vit b12/pyridoxine/thiamine (vitamins b1 b6 b12 oral) (taking) take by mouth. PERSON DATE_TIME received from: INSTITUTION warfarin (coumadin) 5 mg tablet (taking) 1 to 2 tabs as directed by INSTITUTION anticoag zinc oral (taking) LOCATION DATE_TIME received from: INSTITUTION bimatoprost (PERSON) 0.01 % drop PERSON DATE_TIME received from: INSTITUTION your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION physicians group PHONE DATE_TIME NAME, LOCATION physicians group PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME chronic atrial fibrillation gastritis glaucoma gout personal history of urinary calculi hypertension renal insufficiency sick sinus syndrome history of melanoma chronic back pain impaired fasting glucose closed fracture of left fibula results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking vitamins B1, B6, B12, warfarin, zinc, and bimatoprost. They have glaucoma among other health conditions such as chronic atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency, and hypertension.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07358", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07358.jpg", "filename": "data_07358.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma or any other specific medical condition in the patient.", "age": 57.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "please see same-day resident consult note. PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma or any other specific medical condition in the patient.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07359", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07359.jpg", "filename": "data_07359.npz", "report": "The patient has severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis (sarcoid type), cataract in left eye not worth extracting due to severe gon, and inactive sarcoid uveitis in the right eye. Medical therapy has escalated.", "age": 73.23, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. severe stage uveitic (sarcoid) open angle glaucoma, ou. tmax DATE_TIME's ou. cct 520/515. nlp os lost from gon. s/p trx od but bleb failure od after complicated rd repair that also involved cataract extraction. medical therapy has been escalated. fatigue with PERSON but tolerating current dosing regimen. tg <19 od current iop is acceptable, ou. angle closed from prior inflammation 2. cataract os and PERSON os not worth extracting due to severe gon 3. sarcoid uveitis od inactive and on PERSON. PERSON plan: os is now nlp, she has not noticed a difference right eye good intraocular pressure rnfl oct may be worse PERSON visual field better DATE_TIME but central points may be worse compliance stressed again - continue neptazane daily - continue cosopt bid od and alphagan 0.15% tid od (sometimes bid) rtc 3-4 LOCATION fast ; repeat rnfl oct right eye (dillated) and disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe open angle glaucoma due to uveitis (sarcoid type), cataract in left eye not worth extracting due to severe gon, and inactive sarcoid uveitis in the right eye. Medical therapy has escalated.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07360", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07360.jpg", "filename": "data_07360.npz", "report": "Borderline eye pressure, normal visual fields and discs, corneal thickness 562/564. Nuclear sclerosis and refractive error present. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: borderline pressures ou; normal hvf and DATE_TIME; normal discs; cct 562/564 nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses yrly", "gpt4_summary": "Borderline eye pressure, normal visual fields and discs, corneal thickness 562/564. Nuclear sclerosis and refractive error present. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07361", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07361.jpg", "filename": "data_07361.npz", "report": "79-year-old woman diagnosed with dry amd od, wet amd os, mild cataracts, and pvd ou, and she's also a glaucoma suspect. Notes indicate her conditions are stable.", "age": 79.54, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "79 y.o. female \u00ff # dry amd od with ga - + fhx, non-smoker, takes areds and monitors with amsler # wet amd os (recent conversion DATE_TIME) -receiving PERSON >continue f/u with dr. PERSON \u00ff # mild cataracts ou -not yet visually significant >monitor \u00ff # pvd ou -chronic, stable >rd warnings # glaucoma suspect -family history: ?severe in mother -tmax 24/23 -pachy: DATE_TIME -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline inf thinning ou, stable -hvf DATE_TIME: central scotomas consistent with armd. no progressive glaucomatous deficits. >cont to monitor off drops f/u DATE_TIME: coe, oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "79-year-old woman diagnosed with dry amd od, wet amd os, mild cataracts, and pvd ou, and she's also a glaucoma suspect. Notes indicate her conditions are stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07362", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07362.jpg", "filename": "data_07362.npz", "report": "The patient is seen for eye/vision problems and has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, of an indeterminate stage. The target intraocular pressure is 13. The patient is using latanoprost for reduction of eye pressure. Testing and monitoring to continue.", "age": 65.14, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME target iop: / , tmax: 17/16 by icare central corneal thickness: 554 / 552 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: inferior loss left eye: inferior loss visual fields on initial visit right eye: dense superior arcuate left eye: superior arcuate medications being used at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: left eye: other eye procedures right eye: left eye: other eye problems right eye: left eye: family history: father, ? vision loss steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: initial note: seen DATE_TIME in ed for blurred vision, found to have cupping both eyes. intraocular pressure then by icare was 17/16, started on latanoprost and intraocular pressure DATE_TIME 13 both eyes. has dense superior arcuate DATE_TIME right eye and early superior arcuate left eye with inferior retinal nerve fiber layer loss both eyes on optical coherence tomography and clinically. central corneal thickness 530 current assessment & plan will set target at 13 and monitor. check back in DATE_TIME and repeat testing and monitor intraocular pressure relevant medications latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; gcc, rnfl (completed) return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop, hvf 24-2 ou.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is seen for eye/vision problems and has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, of an indeterminate stage. The target intraocular pressure is 13. The patient is using latanoprost for reduction of eye pressure. Testing and monitoring to continue.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07363", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07363.jpg", "filename": "data_07363.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of large olfactory groove meningioma and right occipital gbm, both post-resection. They have right optic neuropathy and left superior issues related to prior conditions. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 55.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "i will see her again in DATE_TIME, before if needed. impression: 1. large olfactory grove meningioma -s/p resection x 2 (2014, DATE_TIME) 2. right optic neuropathy -secondary to #1 3. right occipital gbm -s/p resection (DATE_TIME) -s/p chemoradiation and adjuvant temozolamide. 4. left superior LOCATION -secondary to #3 ? recommendations: 1. follow up in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of large olfactory groove meningioma and right occipital gbm, both post-resection. They have right optic neuropathy and left superior issues related to prior conditions. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07364", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07364.jpg", "filename": "data_07364.npz", "report": "Female patient with pseudotumor cerebri, having a history of bipolar disorder, & obesity with improving vision. Mild edema noted. No glaucoma mentioned. She saw worsening defects in Oct RNFL. She's on Cogentin and was advised to return to Dr for further evaluation.", "age": 32.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME. female presents for comprehensive eye exam. she was previously last seen by me on DATE_TIME.. PERSON: pseudotumor followed by PERSON, last saw him DATE_TIME and missed appointments after that. pmhx: pseudotumor cerebri, bipolar disorder, obesity, osa hpi: DATE_TIME pt feels that her vision may be getting better, not experiencing any discomfort when she doesn't wear her eyeglasses. pt started cogentin 2 weeks ago. last time she was on it for DATE_TIME and noticed her vision got worse after she stopped taking cogentin. denies pain or flashes. ocular medications: none assessment/plan: 1. blurred vision ou, myopia - myopic shift, but now back to close to-4 ou - rx given, can change rx or continue current rx 2. pseudotumor cerebri - doing well with weight loss, off acetazolamide - mild edema possibly os, but oct rnfl stable - hvf DATE_TIME - worsened defects compared to essentially full fields DATE_TIME, patient states she was tired and didn't hear indication to start the tests - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: stable superior/nasal defects - recommend return to dr. PERSON for further evaluation and need for restarting acetazolamide rtc to dr. PERSON for follow-up of pseudotumor cerebri (last seen DATE_TIME) rtc to cos in DATE_TIME or sooner prn with hvf 24-2 and oct PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with pseudotumor cerebri, having a history of bipolar disorder, & obesity with improving vision. Mild edema noted. No glaucoma mentioned. She saw worsening defects in Oct RNFL. She's on Cogentin and was advised to return to Dr for further evaluation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07365", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07365.jpg", "filename": "data_07365.npz", "report": "63-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no history of trauma or glaucoma. OCT shows borderline thinning in left eye. Inferior nasal step in right eye, unknown defects in left.", "age": 63.75, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "63 y.o. female returns for baseline glaucoma testing. last cee with me on DATE_TIME. assessment: # glaucoma suspect 2/2 c/d ratio od>os -- no known fhx of glaucoma -- no h/o ocular trauma -- iop 17/17 --DATE_TIME: rnfl oct: od no thinning, os borderline sup thinning gcc: od no thinning, os borderline sup thinning (poor quality) hvf 24-2: od inferior nasal step, inf arcuate vs artifact, os non-specific defects -- monitor # age-related combined cataracts ou -- PERSON, os 20/25- at distance, ou j1+ at near -- monitor # chrpe od -- small, along superotemporal arcade -- 2 isolated NRP, unilateral od only -- known h/o fap, s/p total colectomy in DATE_TIME -- fap followed by dr. PERSON (Institution gastroenterology) -- monitor # hyperopia ou, astigmatism ou, presbyopia -- doing well with new spec rx 8/22 plan: - rtc in DATE_TIME for repeat glaucoma testing (+ photos) as above", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old female suspect for glaucoma due to c/d ratio, no history of trauma or glaucoma. OCT shows borderline thinning in left eye. Inferior nasal step in right eye, unknown defects in left.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07366", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07366.jpg", "filename": "data_07366.npz", "report": "The patient has been evaluated for glaucoma and the visual field showed new changes, possibly a homonymous field defect. They are suspected to have open angle glaucoma in both eyes. They've been referred for further neuro-ophthalmology evaluation.\n", "age": 83.57, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "DATE_TIME, PERSON, LOCATION LOCATION patient: PERSON mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: thank you for referring PERSON to me for evaluation. she was seen by me DATE_TIME for evaluation of glaucoma. on her ancillary testing, her visual field showed some new changes that were not present previously, and could resemble a possible homonymous field defect. i have referred her to my neuro-ophthalmology colleagues for further evaluation and workup. below are the relevant portions of the exam, along with my assessment and plan of care. vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/40-2 13, 14 left 20/30-1 19, 15 assessment and plan: 1. glaucoma suspect/open angle glaucoma both eyes asymmetric c/d ratio, larger od iop ok od on current drops, borderline os os pressure elevated after fall on 12/14 (resulting in brow laceration) hvf 5/16 homonymous changes, unreliable in the past --do not correlate with with optic nerve 2. pseudophakia ou s/p yag os, pco od -stable ? 3. age-related macular degeneration ou, epieretinal membrane ou -vision good, observe ? plan hvf with homonymous changes not seen before: refer to neuroop -continue PERSON ou qhs, timolol ou bid f/u 4 PERSON check, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON along with you. sincerely, PERSON s hoguet, PERSON no recipients", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been evaluated for glaucoma and the visual field showed new changes, possibly a homonymous field defect. They are suspected to have open angle glaucoma in both eyes. They've been referred for further neuro-ophthalmology evaluation.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07367", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07367.jpg", "filename": "data_07367.npz", "report": "The patient sought a second opinion for a glaucoma diagnosis. They have a allergy to brimonidine. They have been treated with dorzolamide and timolol in both eyes, and ltn in left eye. They also have superior and inferior thinning in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in the right eye in 2017. No other eye surgeries have been performed. A potential trabeculectomy is being considered.", "age": 59.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# first seen by PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: second opinion for glauomca dx >DATE_TIME arrives on dorzolamide and timolol both eyes and ltn in left eye allergy to brimonidine ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) low DATE_TIME per notes cct: / 520s per records gonioscopy: refractive error: OD -1.00. sphere. / os -3.75. DATE_TIME. 075 optic nerve: rnfl oct: superior & inferior thinning both eyes , worse left eye vf: dense superior defect left eye , mild right eye med intolerances: prior glaucoma surgery: slt right eye 2017/ -- other eye surgery: none od/ none OS FHx:: mother/sister/father (no vision loss) / steroids: no/ asthma: no/ trauma: no # [other eye problems] pmhx: none yoga instructor -- discussed no prolonged inversion plan: PERSON has left her area she has selective laser trabeculoplasty left eye did not undergo trabeculectomy damaging pressures in DATE_TIME arrives on LOCATION, brimonidine and rocklatan having a lot of irritation humphrey visual field slightly worse left eye DATE_TIME; rnfl oct stable left eye intraocular pressure ok DATE_TIME. tolerating drops for now. thinking about trabeculectomy try at for now return to clinic 3-4 mo with intraocular pressure and humphrey visual field left eye (to confirm if worsening is real) continue surgical discussion pending drop intolerances discussed home monitoring with icare", "gpt4_summary": "The patient sought a second opinion for a glaucoma diagnosis. They have a allergy to brimonidine. They have been treated with dorzolamide and timolol in both eyes, and ltn in left eye. They also have superior and inferior thinning in both eyes, more severe in the left eye. The patient underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in the right eye in 2017. No other eye surgeries have been performed. A potential trabeculectomy is being considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07368", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07368.jpg", "filename": "data_07368.npz", "report": "Patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on appearance and has a family history of glaucoma. High IOP is untreated, with a goal under 20. Other conditions are myopia and previous retinal tear.", "age": 58.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "- glaucoma suspect ou, based on on appearance. - known family hx of glaucoma in mother and brother (vs high risk suspect for brother) - untreated PERSON high teens ou, gonio open cct 579/ 583. goal iop under 20 ou plan: monitor off drops. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop, hvf, LOCATION and oct ou. - myopia, LOCATION, pt wears ctl for monovision correction. plan: per optom \u00ff - hx pvd, retinal tear laser DATE_TIME od plan: monitor. - other: pt used to see dr. PERSON. \u00ff LOCATION lovelace scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on appearance and has a family history of glaucoma. High IOP is untreated, with a goal under 20. Other conditions are myopia and previous retinal tear.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07369", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07369.jpg", "filename": "data_07369.npz", "report": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and eye cupping - possible glaucoma. Visual field normal. Prescription assigned. Yearly follow-up with tests recommended.", "age": 77.83, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: nuclear sclerosis ou cupping ou; nl hvf and DATE_TIME refr error plan: rx=m prn yrly with repeat hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has nuclear sclerosis in both eyes and eye cupping - possible glaucoma. Visual field normal. Prescription assigned. Yearly follow-up with tests recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07370", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07370.jpg", "filename": "data_07370.npz", "report": "The patient has left optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis, with neuroimaging showing enhancing and non-enhancing lesions. Maternal grandmother had an autoimmune disease. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 25.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "with enhancement. her mri cervical and thoracic spine MRIs showed short segments of signal hyperintense lesions at c2-3 and t10 without enhancement. her laboratory workup included a positive ana (speckeled at 1:40 and 1:160), but otherwise negative nmo/mog antibodies, ssa/ssb, anticardiolipin antibodies, and normal levels of b12, biotinidase, zinc and copper. in summary, this patient has left optic neuritis with prior neurological relapses, in addition to neuroimaging evidence of multiple enhancing and non-enhancing lesions that are suggestive of a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. notably, her left optic neuritis was longitudinally extensive and involving the prechiasmatic region, which is suggestive of either nmosd or mog-associated disease, but these antibodies were negative. however, her optic cup:disc os is interestingly elongated which may be anecdotally suggestive of nmosd. i would like to see her again in DATE_TIME for a repeat neuro-ophthalmic evaluation and obtain repeat visual fields at the time. impression: 1. optic neuritis, os; longitudinally extensive, but negative nmo and mog antibodies 2. multiple sclerosis 3. family history (maternal grandmother) of 'an autoimmune disease' plan: 1. follow up with neurology/neuroimmunology (dr. PERSON) for starting a disease-modifying therapy 2. neuro-ophthalmic follow up in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow). ? PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has left optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis, with neuroimaging showing enhancing and non-enhancing lesions. Maternal grandmother had an autoimmune disease. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07371", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07371.jpg", "filename": "data_07371.npz", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with NMOSD and prescribed Infliximab. Recommended increasing dose to 10 mg/kg if ineffective. Weight: 107kg, Height: 168cm. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 22.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "birth control while on mycophenolate - ivig to be done DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME after - start infliximab through PERSON. dx: nmosd rx: infliximab iv: 8 mg/kg at 0, 2, and DATE_TIME, followed by 8 mg/kg DATE_TIME thereafter. if ineffective, dose can be increased to 10 mg/kg. use adjusted body weight wt: 107 kg ht: 168cm i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is diagnosed with NMOSD and prescribed Infliximab. Recommended increasing dose to 10 mg/kg if ineffective. Weight: 107kg, Height: 168cm. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07372", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07372.jpg", "filename": "data_07372.npz", "report": "The patient has optic nerve head swelling and may have asymmetric papilledema or optic nerve inflammation. A lumbar puncture shows normal cerebrospinal fluid and MRI is normal. There's mild defect in the left eye's visual field with an inferior altitudinal field defect and the right optic nerve looks full. This aligns more with Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). No existing glaucoma.", "age": 58.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "suspected in the Institution ew; given the good acuity and color vision as well as the bilaterality and headache, i was concerned that her optic nerve head swelling could represent (asymmetric) papilledema or an inflammatory process affecting the optic nerves. she had lumbar puncture, which yielded normal csf. unfortunately, opening pressure was not obtained, but it seemed normal to the physician. mri brain and orbit was otherwise unrevealing. PERSON 1 demyelinating panel still pending. the neuro-ophthalmic exam DATE_TIME shows good afferent and efferent visual function, apart from a left relative afferent pupillary defect. on automated perimetry, there is again an inferior altitudinal field defect. there is now slight superior pallor and inferior hyperemia of the left optic nerve (i.e, sectoral differentiation of the process). the right optic nerve continues to have a mildly full appearance. DATE_TIME shows altitudinal rnfl and gcc atrophy. my impression now is that the presentation is now much more clearly consistent with naion my plan is: - follow up mayo cds 1 demyelinating panel we discussed this diagnostic impression and plan in detail. i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has optic nerve head swelling and may have asymmetric papilledema or optic nerve inflammation. A lumbar puncture shows normal cerebrospinal fluid and MRI is normal. There's mild defect in the left eye's visual field with an inferior altitudinal field defect and the right optic nerve looks full. This aligns more with Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). No existing glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07373", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07373.jpg", "filename": "data_07373.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions visual disturbance and indicates that no immunizations were administered on the date of encounter.", "age": 52.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME visual disturbance results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide information on the presence of glaucoma. It mentions visual disturbance and indicates that no immunizations were administered on the date of encounter.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07374", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07374.jpg", "filename": "data_07374.npz", "report": "MRI showed pachymeningeal dural enhancement, no high intracranial pressure. Mild optic disc swelling and recent weight gain suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 34.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "mri brain with contrast DATE_TIME: pachymeningeal dural enhancement. normal mra mrv, borderline cerebellar PERSON. few scattered foci of t2 increased signal in the subcortical and periventricular white matter. i reviewed the images DATE_TIME and there is no signs suggesting high intracranial pressure. the pituitary gland looked generous in size which is probably related to the peripartum timing of the exam. formulation: this patient was referred for a suspicion of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. on my evaluation, the afferent and efferent visual function are normal. the automated visual fields done with good reliability are within normal limits. there is mild optic disc swelling on both sides, od > os. this patient's findings are most likely consistent with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, although we don't have csf pressure to prove this diagnosis. the absence of intracranial pathology and the recent weight gain in the presence of bilateral optic nerve head swelling favor this hypothesis. considering the patient is overall asymptomatic, it is reasonable to have a conservative approach and to re-evaluate her again in DATE_TIME. i told the patient she should call the clinic if she has any new visual or neurological symptoms. i reinforced the importance of maintaining a good weight control. impression: 1. papilledema - most likely iih recommendations: 1. weight control 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "MRI showed pachymeningeal dural enhancement, no high intracranial pressure. Mild optic disc swelling and recent weight gain suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07375", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07375.jpg", "filename": "data_07375.npz", "report": "Patient has advanced stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), recommended to use beta blockers as there's no contraindication. Intolerant of Alphagan, sulfa allergy, yet ok with Trusopt. Pressure above target.", "age": 82.85, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. advanced stage poag with significant gon ou, tmax 17/19; cct DATE_TIME s/p ce/iol + ecp os DATE_TIME no contraindication for beta blocker use. intolerant of alphagan, with sulfa allergy but tolerant of trusopt bid ou. iop was above target, ou (<14, ou). never switched to ltb (pt said pharmacy 'didn't have it'). yet iop is in target range DATE_TIME. target iop: 14 mm hg ou hvf stable inferior altitudinal defects ou 2. cataract od -- no complaints currently, monitor. pt feels this is better eye 3. PERSON while gon is advanced pt should be able to able to see better plan: iop at target vf is worse ou DATE_TIME rnfl oct od is worse vs DATE_TIME, os is worse vs DATE_TIME may be poor compliance? as iop is great here recommend rtc 3 mths repeat vf, if worsening confirmed , would recommend phaco/trab in od and trab os patient is very reluctant instructed that cosopt is bid dosing (has been taking 1x DATE_TIME ou) continue latanoprost qhs ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has advanced stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), recommended to use beta blockers as there's no contraindication. Intolerant of Alphagan, sulfa allergy, yet ok with Trusopt. Pressure above target.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07376", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07376.jpg", "filename": "data_07376.npz", "report": "Patient is a 70-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and breast cancer. She had a hip surgery and adhesions lysis, and uses Flonase and Opcon for allergies. She has mild c/d asymmetry suggesting potential glaucoma. She had cataract and eye surgery performed, experiencing some difficulties with vision, but is generally satisfied with vision post surgery.", "age": 79.31, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "70 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, r breast ca s/p lumpectomy DATE_TIME (on tamoxifen), s/p r hip surgery DATE_TIME, recent sbo s/p lysis of adhesions DATE_TIME hx flonase nasal spray for allergic sx, opcon helped \u00ff\u00ff 1. s/p phaco/PERSONME. anxious about surgery. moved multiple times during surgery >> updated mrx DATE_TIME for pals/LOCATION prn, happy with current glasses -DATE_TIME happy with current rx, only uses readers \u00ff\u00ff 2. cataract os >> recommend tape head, used ketorolac bid (des, as with od) -experiences more difficulty with driving (a lot of glare) and things are blurry in distance. des will persist after ce -no pxf or guttae. poor topical candidate (maintaining fixation) -currently satisfied with vision os \u00ff\u00ff 3. mild c/d asymmetry od>os tmax DATE_TIME (URLang) >> now 18/17. PERSON: DATE_TIME (ave). no fhx glaucoma +drance DATE_TIME od at 2:30 rim hvf DATE_TIME: od inferior rim and scattered inferior losses (non-specific), sn and at rim losses >> worse than DATE_TIME os inferior and superior rim losses >> worse than DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: od ins (?better/worse). PERSON losses hvf DATE_TIME: od inferior rim losses. os superior and inferior rim losses, 20% false negatives DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou dp DATE_TIME >> hvf worse (primarily rim), but oct stable. will follow closely \u00ff\u00ff 4. des by sx -at prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a 70-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and breast cancer. She had a hip surgery and adhesions lysis, and uses Flonase and Opcon for allergies. She has mild c/d asymmetry suggesting potential glaucoma. She had cataract and eye surgery performed, experiencing some difficulties with vision, but is generally satisfied with vision post surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07377", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07377.jpg", "filename": "data_07377.npz", "report": "The patient's treatment plan for a possible glaucoma condition includes continued usage of Timoptic-XE, PF ATS, PF-AT gel, warm compresses. No signs of headaches or mucous reported.", "age": 68.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "that resolve within DATE_TIME and no always associated with a headache plan: - prose replaced ou - no rubbing or mucous fishing - continue timoptic-xe qd ou - continue pf ats q1h over prose ou - continue pf-at gel qhs ou - continue LOCATION, apply 1 grain to all 4 lid margins ou orn (technique with eyeliner brush previously described) - continue warm compresses ou qam - follow up with me in DATE_TIME for va only, no gtts by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's treatment plan for a possible glaucoma condition includes continued usage of Timoptic-XE, PF ATS, PF-AT gel, warm compresses. No signs of headaches or mucous reported.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07378", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07378.jpg", "filename": "data_07378.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on eye tilt and optic coherence tomography (OCT) artifacts. Goal intraocular pressure (IOP) is below 20 in both eyes. Potential posterior capsule opacification (PCO) noted, no significant improvement post YAG cap. Also, myopic degeneration and refractive error/presbyopia detected. Pt has stable posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Plan to monitor and review in a future appointment.", "age": 84.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "- glaucoma suspect based on on tilt, od > os. oct showed artifacts. cct 563/ 580 goal iop under 20 both eyes - at goal both eyes in DATE_TIME plan: monitor off drops - note to PERSON no oct retinal nerve fiber layer or gcc in the future due to artifacts - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop and humphrey visual field ou. - pseudophakia od with good result ? s/p ce/scleral tunnel/phaco/pciol os. excellent iop and good vision. blurry vision ou, may be 2/2 pco s/p yag cap os in 8/16, no significant improvement. plan: - monitor for now. ? - myopic degeneration os>>od. would not do oct given significant artifacts. plan: pt to see dr. PERSON later in DATE_TIME. ? 4. refractive error/presbyopia. -rx manifest: od -1.50 PERSON x085 os -1.25 -1.75 x095 ? 5. pvd ou - stable. - other: s/p heart surgery in DATE_TIME. NRP speaking. pt's wife is a patient of mine. PERSON scribing for", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of glaucoma based on eye tilt and optic coherence tomography (OCT) artifacts. Goal intraocular pressure (IOP) is below 20 in both eyes. Potential posterior capsule opacification (PCO) noted, no significant improvement post YAG cap. Also, myopic degeneration and refractive error/presbyopia detected. Pt has stable posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Plan to monitor and review in a future appointment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07379", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07379.jpg", "filename": "data_07379.npz", "report": "52-year-old female with prediabetes and hypertension, may be at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma based on narrow angles and family history. Discussed treatment options but no current signs of glaucoma. Also has blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, headaches, and potential refractive error.", "age": 52.71, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "52 y.o. female Institution neuroradiology employee with diet-controlled prediabetes, hypertension - narrow angles ou, potentially occludable on gonioscopy her symptoms of headaches and pressure are not typical of acute angle closure glaucoma, though we did discuss risks of acute angle closure glaucoma >> risks/benefits of laser peripheral iridotomy discussed. she will consider. >> signs & symptoms of acute pupillary block glaucoma discussed. she knows to seek immediate medical attention if any such symptoms occur - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou fam hx: +mother and + father (both on eyedrops) tmax: 21/20 cct: 502/513 (slightly thin) gonio DATE_TIME: ou atm hvf DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON, os wnl disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops for now given stable glaucoma testing - blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou may contribute to symptoms of intermittent headaches >> treatment with warm compresses, lid hygiene, fish/flaxseed oil, artificial tears discussed again (avoid redness relief eyedrops) >> if no improvement in future could consider punctal plugs, restasis, doxycycline - refractive error/presbyopia may also contribute to tension-type headaches >> encouraged regular use of otc readers for near work to minimize asthenopia symptoms - headaches no clinical signs of elevated intracranial pressure; discs sharp and pink. followed by pcp, prescribed PERSON >> encouraged followup with pcp. if worsens she will discuss neuro-imaging with pcp f/up DATE_TIME with iop, no dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "52-year-old female with prediabetes and hypertension, may be at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma based on narrow angles and family history. Discussed treatment options but no current signs of glaucoma. Also has blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, headaches, and potential refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07380", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07380.jpg", "filename": "data_07380.npz", "report": "44 y.o. female checked ocular health. Family history of glaucoma and macular degeneration. Mild c/d ratio asymmetry, IOP normal. Borderline inf & nasal thinning. Normal HVF. No glasses needed.", "age": 44.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "44 y.o. f for an ocular check up. 1. family history of glaucoma, macular degeneration - maternal grandmother: glaucoma - mother: macular degeneration - paternal grandfather: legally blind from amd mild c/ d ratio asymmetry iop ok pachy 565/567: true iop same as measured oct rfnl DATE_TIME: PERSON borderline inf and nasal thinning hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou 2. refractive error does not need glasses small amount of myopia od, helps with early presbyopia", "gpt4_summary": "44 y.o. female checked ocular health. Family history of glaucoma and macular degeneration. Mild c/d ratio asymmetry, IOP normal. Borderline inf & nasal thinning. Normal HVF. No glasses needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07381", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07381.jpg", "filename": "data_07381.npz", "report": "The note indicates the patient has glaucoma and is prescribed brimonidine, cosopt, and latanoprost eyedrops. The patient is advised to notify if they experience vision problems or pain.", "age": 77.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "thank you for allowing us to participate in your care. please follow up as instructed. if you have any problems, such as decreasing vision, increasing pain, or increasing redness, please call at anytime. if you are having an emergency, we have a DATE_TIME emergency room at 243 LOCATION in LOCATION. PERSON 8am-5pm: PHONE_NUMBER after DATE_TIME or DATE_TIME: PHONE_NUMBER and ask for glaucoma doctor on call please use your eyedrops as follows: drug eye top color schedule brimonidine (alphagan) left eye purple 2x/day cosopt (dorzolamide/timolol) left eye blue 2x/day latanoprost (xalatan) both eyes teal DATE_TIME at bedtime allow DATE_TIME between drops. - it is very important to take your eye drops DATE_TIME as instructed, including DATE_TIME of your next visit. - please remember to bring your eye drops to your next visit. - if you run out of any of your drops before your next visit, please have the pharmacy call your doctor to authorize a refill.", "gpt4_summary": "The note indicates the patient has glaucoma and is prescribed brimonidine, cosopt, and latanoprost eyedrops. The patient is advised to notify if they experience vision problems or pain.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07382", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07382.jpg", "filename": "data_07382.npz", "report": "Right and left intraocular pressure is 24 and 23 mmHg, with the second measurement being 22 and 21 mmHg. Pachymetry shows thickness of 593 and 618 respectively. There is no clear mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.32, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "right left dist cc 20/20-2 20/20-2 correction: glasses tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 24 23 tonometry #2 (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 22 21 pachymetry (DATE_TIME) right left thickness 593 618 pupils dark shape react apd right 5 round brisk none left 5 round brisk none visual fields (counting fingers) left right restrictions total superior nasal, inferior nasal deficiencies total superior temporal, inferior temporal deficiencies extraocular movement right left full, ortho full, ortho neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal slit lamp and fundus exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber shallow shallow iris normal normal lens 1+ nuclear sclerosis 1+ nuclear sclerosis vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.4 0.4 macula normal normal vessels normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis add right +2.00 -1.00 005 +2.50 left +1.75 -0.50 171 +2.50 age: 2yrs type: pal", "gpt4_summary": "Right and left intraocular pressure is 24 and 23 mmHg, with the second measurement being 22 and 21 mmHg. Pachymetry shows thickness of 593 and 618 respectively. There is no clear mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07383", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07383.jpg", "filename": "data_07383.npz", "report": "The patient has multiple conditions including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and anxiety. No presence of glaucoma.", "age": 56.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "condition list as of DATE_TIME dyslipidemia hypertensive disorder temporomandibular joint disorder hypothyroidism thyroid nodule constipation diabetes mellitus fibromyalgia irritable bowel syndrome anxiety depression skin lesion obesity diabetic neuropathy obstructive sleep apnea syndrome arthralgia esophageal dysmotility mild memory disturbance b12 deficiency right calf pain intractable abdominal pain diaphoresis absence attack episodes of decreased attentiveness cerebral aneurysm results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has multiple conditions including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and anxiety. No presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07384", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07384.jpg", "filename": "data_07384.npz", "report": "Patient has elevated intraocular pressure, borderline visual field loss in left eye, macular edema detected, possible glaucoma.", "age": 68.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON, intraocular pressure is up a bit, borderline visual field loss left eye, also, optical coherence tomography showed PERSON macular edema", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has elevated intraocular pressure, borderline visual field loss in left eye, macular edema detected, possible glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07385", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07385.jpg", "filename": "data_07385.npz", "report": "38 y.o. female with arthritis underwent comprehensive eye exam. No evidence of intraocular inflammation found. She displays symmetric optic nerve cupping, which could indicate early glaucoma; however, this remained stable with IOP at the high end of normal. She also has a family history of glaucoma. Dry eye syndrome present.", "age": 38.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "resident and agree with the resident's findings and plan of care, with the exceptions as noted below. 38 y.o. female with ctd versus psoariatic arthritis here for comprehensive eye examination 1. ctd versus psa no evidence of intraocular inflammation or prior episodes on azathioprine 250 mg qd, ivig s/s of flare reviewed 2. symmetric optic nerve cupping -- ?physiologic versus early glaucoma; has remained stable - iop at high end of normal - +fhx of glaucoma (brother) - oct rnfl- full (91, 94 microns) - hvf normal ou 3. dry eye syndrome - ats prn 4. plaquenil - started beginning of DATE_TIME, currently 400 mg/DATE_TIME macula and faf normal DATE_TIME monitoring rtc 1 year", "gpt4_summary": "38 y.o. female with arthritis underwent comprehensive eye exam. No evidence of intraocular inflammation found. She displays symmetric optic nerve cupping, which could indicate early glaucoma; however, this remained stable with IOP at the high end of normal. She also has a family history of glaucoma. Dry eye syndrome present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07386", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07386.jpg", "filename": "data_07386.npz", "report": "The patient is on latanoprost for glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) recording 22/19 and 18 on two different dates. The patient has been treated with phacoemulsification and had undergone successful intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, but has significant ocular surface irritation. Additionally, the patient could not tolerate bandage contact lenses (bcl), thus a Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) is recommended.", "age": 70.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "latanoprost off latanoprost on lotemax, so will need to restart latanoprost 21 ou after pred qid taper - DATE_TIME: iop 22/19 on latanoprost - DATE_TIME: iop 18 ou on latanoprost, not on LOCATION, on 10 mg pred - DATE_TIME: rnfl oct ou - DATE_TIME: hvf 24-2 reliable and full ou 3. pciol ou - most likely (from ar): od k- 45.5 os k- 46.25 - mac oct (DATE_TIME): normal ou - s/p phaco/pciol od on DATE_TIME with block. finished taper extremely happy with vision improvement. but significant surface irritation with confluent spk - s/p phaco/pciol os on DATE_TIME with block. ocular irritation with and without bcl - bcl (air optix night and day 8.4) removed (DATE_TIME) ou. although bcl showed good movement, he could not tolerate them well (air optix or Acuvue). therefore needs prose asap - DATE_TIME: could not tolerate without bcl, urgent visit DATE_TIME showed coarse spk ou, no epidefect, wants bcl to bridge to prose plan: - recommended wearing the prose 16, which is more comfortable - if fogging does not improve with lotemax use, he is to inquire about bfs clinical trial - no rubbing or mucous fishing - plugs placed DATE_TIME: rul formfit with oasis 0.6mm easy fit, LOCATION oasis 0.7mm good fit - risk of plugs discussed including no improvement, fbs, tearing, nldo - restart lotemax ointment qhs applying into the eye od only, do not stop - continue latanoprost qhs ou - continue pf-at prn ou - continue serum tears to at least tid ou, before and after prose placement and any time that he is cleaning prose - continue warm compresses ou qhs - wait DATE_TIME after serum tear instillation to place prose or applying lotemax - follow up with me in DATE_TIME for va in prose only, no LOCATION. PERSON check iop ou. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, md. DATE_TIME DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on latanoprost for glaucoma, with intraocular pressure (IOP) recording 22/19 and 18 on two different dates. The patient has been treated with phacoemulsification and had undergone successful intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, but has significant ocular surface irritation. Additionally, the patient could not tolerate bandage contact lenses (bcl), thus a Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) is recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07387", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07387.jpg", "filename": "data_07387.npz", "report": "The patient has stable neuro-ophthalmic evaluations with good central acuity. There's indication of possible glaucoma due to increased optic nerve cup size. Also, a left sphenoid wing meningioma is present.", "age": 68.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "neuro-ophthalmic evaluations have remained stable. \u00ff my exam reveals excellent central acuity ou with a relative afferent pupillary defect on the left. the automated visual field test showed stable bilateral inferior field depression, more so on the left. i reviewed the oct from DATE_TIME which showed ganglion cell complex thickness of 82 and 66 microns, respectively. \u00ff i again reviewed the mri from DATE_TIME which demonstrated contact of the lesion and the pre-chiasmatic optic nerve on th left, which at that time showed no change. \u00ff summary. although there is no significant cupping, review of my notes from DATE_TIME shows that there has been some progression in the size of the optic nerve cups during the time i have followed this patient. the possibility of glaucoma confounds our ability to utilize changes in afferent function including the visual field and oct to identify evidence of clinical change that might occur from the meningioma. given that her last mri was in DATE_TIME, i will re-order a repeat scan to be done in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. left sphenoid wing meningioma with relative afferent pupillary defect, stable by exam and imaging 2. hyperopia with narrow angle ou, s/p lpi ou 3. migraine headaches 4. glaucoma suspect due to increased cup to disc ratio ou; history of narrow angle with laser treatment plan: 1. return follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. will consider repeat mri in DATE_TIME, sooner if worsening vision i spent a total of greater than *** DATE_TIME personnaly preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating and finalizing the note.] this case was seen and examined with PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable neuro-ophthalmic evaluations with good central acuity. There's indication of possible glaucoma due to increased optic nerve cup size. Also, a left sphenoid wing meningioma is present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07388", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07388.jpg", "filename": "data_07388.npz", "report": "Patient is on 10 mg tablet & Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution for glaucoma. New orders placed for Humphrey Visual Field & OCT Optic Nerve tests for both eyes.", "age": 63.86, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON 10 mg tablet (taking) take 10 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON a sola-LOCATION, PERSONtitution glaucoma longwood PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; onh cube, rnfl results", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on 10 mg tablet & Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution for glaucoma. New orders placed for Humphrey Visual Field & OCT Optic Nerve tests for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07389", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07389.jpg", "filename": "data_07389.npz", "report": "The note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 73.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "The note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07390", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07390.jpg", "filename": "data_07390.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with intra/supraseller pituitary tumor, mild optic neuropathy possibly due to trauma or congenital issues. Visual stability reported. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 63.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient is visually stable. the peculiar nasal defect persists, which i previously suspected may be congenital given the density and narrowness and the abscence of a good alternative explanation. however, the patient does relate a history of trauma with a rock to his left pteryion as a child, and direct transmission of the force could lead to a traumatic optic neuropathy. i will see him in DATE_TIME to ensure stability of his afferent visual function, or sooner if he notices any visual changes. the visual field has not been consistent with compressive optic neuropathy from the pituitary tumor. impression: 1. intrasellar/suprasellar pituitary tumor, status post transsphenoidal surgery (DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME) 2. mild optic neuropathy, os, stable, possibly traumatic or congenital recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. follow-up with PERSON in neuroendocrinology as scheduled 3. oct of discs and macula with ganglion cell layer segmentation (letter prepared by drs. PERSON and PERSON, PERSON)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with intra/supraseller pituitary tumor, mild optic neuropathy possibly due to trauma or congenital issues. Visual stability reported. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07391", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07391.jpg", "filename": "data_07391.npz", "report": "Patient tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief. Possible benefit from separate reading/distance glasses. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 76.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "trial of 3 bd od/3 bu os fresnel prisms for relief of her diplopia, although given the absence of diplopia at near, she may benefit from separate reading and distance/intermediate spectacles if her symptoms improve with prisms. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, excluding completion and interpretation of the above procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient tried fresnel prisms for diplopia relief. Possible benefit from separate reading/distance glasses. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07392", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07392.jpg", "filename": "data_07392.npz", "report": "The note mentions various conditions like anxiety, psoriasis, acne, and osteoporosis, among others, but does not mention glaucoma.", "age": 36.42, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 % cream apply topically 2 (two) times a day. condition list as of DATE_TIME anxiety migraine disequilibrium psoriasis acne vulgaris anorexia nervosa osteoporosis postconcussion syndrome shoulder pain ventricular premature beats contusion of left elbow vitamin d deficiency low back pain radiating to left leg back pain abnormal magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic spine hypermobility syndrome bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions various conditions like anxiety, psoriasis, acne, and osteoporosis, among others, but does not mention glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07393", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07393.jpg", "filename": "data_07393.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal and progressing visual field loss. They had an operation and were explained possible postop complications. They also have a worsening cataract. On-going monitoring planned.", "age": 76.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "iop above goal os and progression of hvf os, we proceeded with bgi os st with no fenestrations on DATE_TIME (see note from DATE_TIME for details). i answered all of his questions re surgery on DATE_TIME => i explained i cannot guarantee a good result and that there may be high/low iops in the postop period that may require re-intervention. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME and short discussion on DATE_TIME: given worsening visually-significant cataract (likely myopic shift od) and need for 3 agents for iop control od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/istent od on DATE_TIME (see note from DATE_TIME for details). i answered all of the patient's questions regarding the upcoming DATE_TIME procedure. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider punctal plugs ou in the future to improve vision and dry eye. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) above goal and progressing visual field loss. They had an operation and were explained possible postop complications. They also have a worsening cataract. On-going monitoring planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07394", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07394.jpg", "filename": "data_07394.npz", "report": "The patient is diagnosed with severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye. The retina displays some thinning. No glaucoma medication intolerance reported. Central corneal thickness measured as 552/598. Other medical conditions include inhaled asthma, Htn and Hld. Family history is positive.", "age": 82.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "vessels brvo normal periphery dfe DATE_TIME: temporal and inferior pavingstone degeneration dfe DATE_TIME: temporal and inferior pavingstone degeneration refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right -1.25 -1.25 102 left -1.25 -1.00 095 age: <1year type: svl assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 552 / 598 gonioscopy: od: c30f, 2+ ptm; os: (b-c)c25b, 2+ ptm retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: sup/inf and borderline nasal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: sup/inf arc visual fields, left eye: inf paracentral defect in setting of amd family history: positive steroids: inhaled trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: htn, hld assessment/plan: 82 y.o. primarily NRP-speaking female referred by dr. PERSON pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, severe, right eye - joslin notes showed rnfl progression DATE_TIME - iop too high od and acceptable os on PERSON, dorzolamide bid od, brimonidine bid od - add rhopressa qhs od, increase dorzolamide and brimonidine to tid od, continue PERSON in DATE_TIME for iop check # age-related macular degeneration (dry right eye, exudative left eye) - getting anti-vegf injections os - next appointment with PERSON weigand DATE_TIME # history of branch retinal vein occlusion, right eye - monitoring with dr. weigand # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye - mild posterior capsular opacification, monitor # cataract, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, LOCATION with NRP interpreter #350270", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is diagnosed with severe pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the right eye. The retina displays some thinning. No glaucoma medication intolerance reported. Central corneal thickness measured as 552/598. Other medical conditions include inhaled asthma, Htn and Hld. Family history is positive.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07395", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07395.jpg", "filename": "data_07395.npz", "report": "The patient, a 55-year-old woman, has experienced \"firework\"-like flashes due to a posterior vitreous detachment. She doesn't have any new floaters or retinal breaks/detachments. She is a stable glaucoma suspect based on cup-to-disc ratio, and has a history of hyperopic shift and meibomian gland dysfunction. She also has a nuclear sclerotic cataract, but it isn't affecting her vision. Treatment includes warm compresses, artificial tears, and flax/fish oil.", "age": 55.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "55 y.o. female generally healthy here for comprehensive exam flashes os / pvd os - second episode of 'firework' like flashes at DATE_TIME position lasting DATE_TIME, no new floaters - no retinal breaks/ detachments > observe , stable glaucoma suspect based on cdr - tcurrent: 18/16 - t previous: 14/12 - tmax: 17/17 - tgoal: - c/d ratio: 0.7/0.8 - gonioscopy: - central corneal thickness: 482/477 - oct: DATE_TIME od borderline thin os wnl DATE_TIME od wnl os wnl --stable DATE_TIME od borderline thin nasally os wnl -- relatively stable DATE_TIME od wnl os wnl - stable - hvf: DATE_TIME ou full DATE_TIME od full os nonspecific defects DATE_TIME ou full DATE_TIME ou full - family history: father - race: caucasian - optic nerve photos - previously high myope >? observe, follow with yearly hvf/ oct nuclear sclerotic cataract ou - not visually significant > observe hx of PERSON ou refractive error - has hyperopic shift - updated mrx given evaporative dry eye / meibomian gland dysfunction > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 55-year-old woman, has experienced \"firework\"-like flashes due to a posterior vitreous detachment. She doesn't have any new floaters or retinal breaks/detachments. She is a stable glaucoma suspect based on cup-to-disc ratio, and has a history of hyperopic shift and meibomian gland dysfunction. She also has a nuclear sclerotic cataract, but it isn't affecting her vision. Treatment includes warm compresses, artificial tears, and flax/fish oil.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07396", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07396.jpg", "filename": "data_07396.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc, showing stability. Current tests are reassuring with normal pressures, implying physiologic glaucoma with larger nerve os. Patient deferred DFE, but plans follow-up. Also, patient has presbyopia, latent hyperopia, and loses focus for distance after near work.", "age": 51.14, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect (incr cup/disc): has been stable for DATE_TIME - testing (oct and visual fields) has all been reassuring and pressures are still normal - prob physiologic with larger nerve os. -ok to stop testing for now -patient wanted to defer dfe DATE_TIME as he is driving; plan to follow up in DATE_TIME with dfe fh: neg dfe: 6/17 hvf: 6/19 oct: 6/19 cct: 584,565 tmax: 20,21 gonio: 1/18 2) refractive: somewhat more presbyopia. also has some latent hyperopia, though he is doing ok at distance now. -cont with otc for near 3) loss of focus for distance after near work: not true vertigo, does not happen unless he is looking close. no other neurologic signs.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc, showing stability. Current tests are reassuring with normal pressures, implying physiologic glaucoma with larger nerve os. Patient deferred DFE, but plans follow-up. Also, patient has presbyopia, latent hyperopia, and loses focus for distance after near work.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07397", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07397.jpg", "filename": "data_07397.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, worse in left eye and is on latanoprost. Lowering intraocular pressure has been advised. Underwent cataract extraction elsewhere. Other diagnoses include diplopia & glaucoma suspicion.", "age": 87.18, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview open angle glaucoma left eye > right eye (?pigmentary), previously managed elsewhere (see scanned notes). target iop: / ; tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: / ; ch: / refractive error: PERSON . -1.25 x 090 / os +0.75 . -1.75 x 090 optic nerve structure and function: likely worsening DATE_TIME (see scanned notes). medications and intolerances: presented on latanoprost. procedures and complications: cataract extraction both eyes (elsewhere). relevant history and problems: diplopia current assessment & plan continue latanoprost ou qhs. i think his intraocular pressure needs to be lower - discussed drops vs laser - he will think about which/where. try specs from lexington eye (has prism in rx). other visit diagnoses glaucoma suspect of both eyes relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, gcc (completed) return if symptoms worsen or fail to improve.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, worse in left eye and is on latanoprost. Lowering intraocular pressure has been advised. Underwent cataract extraction elsewhere. Other diagnoses include diplopia & glaucoma suspicion.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07398", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07398.jpg", "filename": "data_07398.npz", "report": "Patient, 65 y.o. male, has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye, absolute glaucoma in right eye, and cataracts in both eyes. No medication intolerances.", "age": 65.06, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON PERSON/PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: comfort / 19, tmax: 45 / 30 central corneal thickness: 729 / 530 gonioscopy: od: no structures; os: d40f 3+ retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no view retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no focal thinning visual fields, right eye: nlp visual fields, left eye: non-specific peripheral constriction family history: both parents steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, hld assessment/plan: 65 y.o. male # primary open angle glaucoma, mild, left eye # absolute glaucoma, right eye - reports he was diagnosed DATE_TIME, od nlp since DATE_TIME - iop borderline os, eye comfortable od - continue latanoprost qhs os, brimonidine bid os - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate ou, disc photos os, b-scan od # cataract, both eyes - left eye mild, not visually significant, monitor - right eye advanced, but nlp, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 65 y.o. male, has primary open angle glaucoma, mild in left eye, absolute glaucoma in right eye, and cataracts in both eyes. No medication intolerances.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07399", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07399.jpg", "filename": "data_07399.npz", "report": "74 y.o. female suspected of glaucoma, but no meds taken. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is 20/20, history of eye surgery is negative. Also has cataracts and dry eye. No visually significant issues detected.", "age": 74.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON normal normal lens 1+ ns 1+ ns vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc normal, small, mild pallor normal c/d ratio 0.2 0.2 macula few PERSON normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder right +1.50 sphere left +1.50 sphere type: svl manifest refraction sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right PHONE_NUMBER/20-1 +2.50 j1+ left +2.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j3 manifest refraction #2 (auto) sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +1.75 -1.00 071 left PERSON final rx sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right PHONE_NUMBER/20-1 +2.50 j1+ left +2.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j3 expiration date: DATE_TIME assessment and plan: 74 y.o. female with PERSON, htn, copd, lung nodule, smoker new pt to me on DATE_TIME presents for eye exam # glaucoma suspect - glaucoma meds: none - fhx: father, sister - glauc drug allergies: none - iop 20/20 - tmax (unknown) 20/20 in our office - gonio (pending) - pachy (DATE_TIME): 577/577 - hx eye surg or lasers: none hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, PERSON; os inferior paracentral DATE_TIME: PERSON, os temp borderline otherwise wnl >> overall low risk, monitor DATE_TIME # cataract ou - early, not visually significant >> monitor # dry eye - using at prn - placed punctal plugs 0.6mm silicone on DATE_TIME bll, good fit >> continue at prn # refractive error >> mrx provided rtc 1 y dialte mrx hvf oct rnfl iop app PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "74 y.o. female suspected of glaucoma, but no meds taken. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is 20/20, history of eye surgery is negative. Also has cataracts and dry eye. No visually significant issues detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07400", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07400.jpg", "filename": "data_07400.npz", "report": "The patient underwent Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes. Presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. Other conditions listed are arthritis and migraines.", "age": 74.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME arthritis migraine results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes. Presence of glaucoma is not mentioned. Other conditions listed are arthritis and migraines.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07401", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07401.jpg", "filename": "data_07401.npz", "report": "The 76 y/o female has dry eyes, symptoms worsen with computer use. She has a history of intracranial meningiomas, but no evidence of optic neuropathy or visual field deficits, indicating no signs of glaucoma.", "age": 76.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "76 y.o. female medical transcriptionist # s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME -doing well, clear pc # dry eye ou -worse with computer use. fluctuating vision with rapid tbut, likely cause of limited bcva DATE_TIME. -does not tolerate fish oil supplements >pfat at least qid >warm compresses 2-3x/day for DATE_TIME >discussed taking periodic breaks during prolonged computer use >defers doxy \u00ff # h/o intracranial meningiomas -incidental finding after head imaging following a fall -last mri DATE_TIME--reports it is stable, showed extra-axial mass abutting the dura of the left occipital lobe as well as a extra-axial mass abutting the tentorium -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou -no evidence of optic neuropathy or vf deficits. >seen by PERSON PERSON (neuro-ophth) DATE_TIME at bwh - advised to follow with yearly hvf, no need for regular mri or surgery unless changes. # abmd ou -increased corneal hoa. likely exacerbating dry eye symptoms and cause of limited bcva. >discussed super-k. r/b/a discussed including but not limited to risk of infection, vision loss, recurrence, no improvement, need for additional surgery. patient will think about it and call to schedule if she wishes to proceed. plan od first. DATE_TIME LOCATION, hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The 76 y/o female has dry eyes, symptoms worsen with computer use. She has a history of intracranial meningiomas, but no evidence of optic neuropathy or visual field deficits, indicating no signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07402", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07402.jpg", "filename": "data_07402.npz", "report": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current IOP is acceptable with no glaucoma medications. Her left eye shows borderline inferior thinning. She has a history of cataract surgery. She is to return for an IOP check.\n", "age": 74.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: PERSON (injection) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 22 / 27 central corneal thickness: 612 / 627 gonioscopy: (b-c)c30f 2+, scattered pas ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: borderline inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: sister, uncle, nephew steroids: inhaled trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: breast cancer, htn, hld assessment/plan: 74 y.o. female # residual open angle glaucoma, mild, both eyes - s/p laser peripheral iridotomy ou, phaco/goniosynechialysis/PERSON (DATE_TIME), phaco/goniosynechialysis os (DATE_TIME) - iop acceptable ou on no glaucoma medications, vf and oct stable - continue to monitor without resuming topical treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 74-year-old female with mild open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. Current IOP is acceptable with no glaucoma medications. Her left eye shows borderline inferior thinning. She has a history of cataract surgery. She is to return for an IOP check.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07403", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07403.jpg", "filename": "data_07403.npz", "report": "77yo woman evaluated for glaucoma with normal OCT, superior losses & generalized suppression in HVF, but normal IOP & CCT. Low suspicion for glaucoma. Also has diabetes, cataracts, and thyroid disease with no ocular issues.", "age": 77.15, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "77 yo woman who presents for a glaucoma evaluation. 1. glaucoma? here for evaluation. oct normal. first hvf with superior losses ou and generalized suppression. no family history, iop's in normal range, cct normal ou. low suspicion of glaucoma. 2. diabetes for ~30 years. no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. monitor. 3. cataracts. not visually significant. monitor 4. thyroid disease - no evidence of ocular involvement return DATE_TIME for dfe.", "gpt4_summary": "77yo woman evaluated for glaucoma with normal OCT, superior losses & generalized suppression in HVF, but normal IOP & CCT. Low suspicion for glaucoma. Also has diabetes, cataracts, and thyroid disease with no ocular issues.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07404", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07404.jpg", "filename": "data_07404.npz", "report": "64-year-old male has coloboma since birth, cataract od, amblyopia od, and PERSON nevus os. Relative had glaucoma. Stable condition, advised to wear eye protection. New glasses prescribed. No retinopathy, but high a1c. Mild cat os.", "age": 64.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "64 y.o. male 1. coloboma of PERSON and PERSON, since birth, stable, observe 2. ns/cortical cataract od, slightly more dense over time, bcva limited by coloboma and amblyopia, observe 3. amblyopia od, observe 4. PERSON nevus os, stable, observe 5. c:d asymmetry od>os fhx + glaucoma mother cct average iop ok hvf od sa defect (correlates with coloboma) stable os reliable, high md, mild central defect (new) - plan to repeat next time, does not correlate with normal DATE_TIME stable ou dp stable ou iop controlled observe 6. monocular precautions: the importance of wearing eye protection including polycarbonate glasses discussed with the patient. 7. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 8. PERSON, no retinopathy on dfe last a1c high and po meds were increased has f/u this month bs and bp control encouraged risk of retinopathy discussed DATE_TIME. mild cat os, nvs, observe 10. fhx mom amd (wet) few drusen noted nonsmoker, green leafy vegetables/diet f/u 1 year mrx, iop, hvf, dilate, oct, dp", "gpt4_summary": "64-year-old male has coloboma since birth, cataract od, amblyopia od, and PERSON nevus os. Relative had glaucoma. Stable condition, advised to wear eye protection. New glasses prescribed. No retinopathy, but high a1c. Mild cat os.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07405", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07405.jpg", "filename": "data_07405.npz", "report": "Patient, 47 y.o. female, has severe right eye and moderate left eye glaucoma, is intolerant to brimonidine, is on latanoprost and dorzolamide. She has a family history of glaucoma. Her visual fields and OCT are stable.", "age": 47.31, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: brimonidine (itching) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 19 / 18 though truly unknown (<20 mmhg per pt) central corneal thickness: 581 / 585 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior > superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior > inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: superior nasal step family history: mother and brother (on eye drops for ?glaucoma) steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm2 assessment/plan: 47 y.o. female in finance # normal tension glaucoma, severe right eye, moderate left eye - started latanoprost qhs ou DATE_TIME after unable to tolerate brimonidine; disc heme od DATE_TIME when added dorzolamide bid ou - diagnosed DATE_TIME in LOCATION, presented with significant vf loss, no classic ntg risk factors other than mildly low blood pressure - will monitor lash ptosis closely while on latanoprost - iop borderline ou, vf and oct quite stable ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 47 y.o. female, has severe right eye and moderate left eye glaucoma, is intolerant to brimonidine, is on latanoprost and dorzolamide. She has a family history of glaucoma. Her visual fields and OCT are stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07406", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07406.jpg", "filename": "data_07406.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with cataracts and left homonymous. The central corneal thickness is 480 / 530. Both eyes have normal optic nerves and non-specific visual field defects. No treatment required for now.", "age": 64.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect, left homonymous, cataracts target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 480 / 530 gonioscopy: refractive error: PERSON . -0.75 . 090 / os +3.00 . -0.50 . 068 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: non-specific defects, left homonymous visual fields on initial visit left eye: non-specific defects, left homonymous medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy with right occipital lobe involvement plan: no treatment for now. initial note: no glaucoma non-specific visual field defects, check in DATE_TIME. ms. LOCATION has excellent central visual acuity and mostly normal visual field and meets the vision criteria for driving", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with cataracts and left homonymous. The central corneal thickness is 480 / 530. Both eyes have normal optic nerves and non-specific visual field defects. No treatment required for now.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07407", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07407.jpg", "filename": "data_07407.npz", "report": "Patient has dry eyes and history of ocular hypertension. Stable intraocular pressure, possibly treated with Xalatan. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 64.61, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: dry ou pciol ou hx oc htn (tm 23/26); on xalatan ou; intraocular pressure and testing stable refr error plan: art tears qid and oint/gel hs cont xalatan ou qhs 6 mo intraocular pressure", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has dry eyes and history of ocular hypertension. Stable intraocular pressure, possibly treated with Xalatan. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07408", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07408.jpg", "filename": "data_07408.npz", "report": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses, good IOP control, and is at moderate risk of progression without care. Adherence to prescription medication recommended. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 62.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -follow-up with dr. PERSON or local optometrist for glasses => referral to optometry placed on DATE_TIME. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou (ok to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has stable chronic illnesses, good IOP control, and is at moderate risk of progression without care. Adherence to prescription medication recommended. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07409", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07409.jpg", "filename": "data_07409.npz", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal in both eyes. They're off glaucoma medication, but under close watch. Also on preservative-free artificial tears.", "age": 55.0, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for general eye care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal in both eyes. They're off glaucoma medication, but under close watch. Also on preservative-free artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07410", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07410.jpg", "filename": "data_07410.npz", "report": "Patient's eye pressure is slightly elevated on the left (16) compared to target (14). Right eye is in normal range. Both eyes have normal visual fields and full extraocular movement. On examination, patient showed normal external and slit lamp features. Both eyes have a deep inferior notch on the disc with a C/D ratio of 0.8. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, PERSON, MD CC No Recipients Base Eye Exam Visual Acuity (Snellen - Linear) Right Left Dist cc 20/25 -2 20/30 -1 Dist ph cc NI 20/20 -2 Correction: Glasses Tonometry (Applanation, 12:14 PM) Right Left Pressure 15 16 Target Pressure Right Left Target 14 16 Pachymetry ( DATE_TIME) Right Left Thickness 529 518 Gonioscopy Right Left Temporal D35f 2+ D35f 2+ Nasal D35f 2+ D35f 2+ Superior D35f 2+ D35f 2+ Inferior D35f 2+ D35f 2+ Pupils Pupils Dark Light Shape React APD Right PERRL 6.5 6 Round Brisk None Left PERRL 6.5 6 Round Brisk None Visual Fields (Counting fingers) Left Right Full Full Extraocular Movement Right Left Full Full Neuro/Psych Oriented x3: Yes Mood/Affect: Normal Slit Lamp and Fundus Exam External Exam Right Left External Normal Normal Slit Lamp Exam Right Left Lids/Lashes Normal Normal Conjunctiva/Sclera Normal Normal Cornea Normal Normal Anterior Chamber Normal Normal Iris Normal Normal Lens 1+ NS 1+ NS Fundus Exam Right Left Vitreous Normal Normal Disc deep inferior notch deep inferior notch C/D Ratio 0.8 0.8 Macula Normal Normal Vessels Normal Normal", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's eye pressure is slightly elevated on the left (16) compared to target (14). Right eye is in normal range. Both eyes have normal visual fields and full extraocular movement. On examination, patient showed normal external and slit lamp features. Both eyes have a deep inferior notch on the disc with a C/D ratio of 0.8. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07411", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07411.jpg", "filename": "data_07411.npz", "report": "The patient presents with bilateral optic nerve swelling and blurry vision, worse in the left eye, and has experienced transient vision loss. There's no evidence of glaucoma.", "age": 25.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "history chief complaint follow-up exam bp 118/82 | pulse 80 | temp 36.1 \u00f8c (97 \u00f8f) | resp 18 | spo2 97% base eye exam visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist sc PHONE_NUMBER dist ph sc 20/25 -2 ni neuro/psych oriented x3: yes assessment and plan bilateral optic nerve swelling: - blurry vision os > OD x 6 months, with intermittent l sided headache - transient vision loss on positional change, recent weight gain for 20 pounds over DATE_TIME, denies pulsatile tinnitus, n/v -bmi 33.89 s/p gastric sleeve and trulicity exam: -grade 3-4 disc edema with vessel obscuration ou, no disc hemorrhage -subnormal va: improves to 20/25 od and os with near card -hvf paracentral defect ou and os nasal defects -mri brain/orbits and mrv: wet read: disc edema ou mild tortuosity of optic nerve sheath sella not empty or expanded no mass, transverse sinuses stenotic especially on the right; superior sagital sinus open; no venous sinus thrombosis right parietal lobe, frontal lobes and peri atrial white matter: t2 hyperintensity probably unrelated: prominent perivascular spaces bilateral can be seen in systemic hypertension discussed with gluckstein. refer to Institution ed for lp if opening pressure elevated, please start acetazolamide 750mg po bid if not, she will need further work up for optic disc edema please refer patient to neuro ophthalmology clinic DATE_TIME (Institution) 9th floor for further evaluation PHONE_NUMBER PERSON md emergency service department of ophthalmology LOCATION return to PERSON immediately if decreased/change in vision, pain, flashes, floaters, visual field defect/curtain/shade, worsening in symptoms, or any other concerns.? PERSON, PERSONE 2016", "gpt4_summary": "The patient presents with bilateral optic nerve swelling and blurry vision, worse in the left eye, and has experienced transient vision loss. There's no evidence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07412", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07412.jpg", "filename": "data_07412.npz", "report": "80yo patient, history of hypertension, CLL, and BPH, had cataract surgery on both eyes. Angular blepharitis resolved with ointment. Epiretinal membrane in right eye, limiting visual potential. Glaucoma suspected due to cup/disc asymmetry.", "age": 80.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 m hx htn, cll, bph # s/p cataract surgery, both eyes (phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME), doing well # hx angular blepharitis, right eye. had resolved with tobramycin/dexamethasone ointment bid. # epiretinal membrane, right eye - discussed that this may limit visual potential following cataract surgery - saw PERSON in DATE_TIME - appears stable on DATE_TIME DATE_TIME # glaucoma suspect with cup/disc asymmetry (right > left eye). previously followed by PERSON [ hvf DATE_TIME: possible early ins os [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou - suspicious visual field test in the left eye but without corresponding oct or optic nerve head changes. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. hvf DATE_TIME: os full, od nonspecific inferior defects DATE_TIME: full ou - fluctuating visual field tests, oct stable - no intervention at this time continue to monitor rtc 3-4 months for hvf, sooner prn f/u glaucoma suspect (DATE_TIME) vision, iop, LOCATION, hvf, DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "80yo patient, history of hypertension, CLL, and BPH, had cataract surgery on both eyes. Angular blepharitis resolved with ointment. Epiretinal membrane in right eye, limiting visual potential. Glaucoma suspected due to cup/disc asymmetry.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07413", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07413.jpg", "filename": "data_07413.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of having glaucoma based on appearance with intraocular pressure at 16/14. Potential optic neuropathy in right eye not necessarily due to glaucoma. Patient has cataracts, mild amblyopia. Monitoring advised.", "age": 50.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "- glaucoma suspect ou based on on appearance, od > os, untreated iop 16/ 14. pt may have optic neuropathy od, and this may not be glaucoma PERSON. cct 562/ 547 goal PERSON, os under 20 - at goal DATE_TIME but humphrey visual field od worse in DATE_TIME. plan: monitor off drops for now. - per pt, she had dp's at LOCATION DATE_TIME. but unable to obtain. - cataracts ou, nvs plan: monitor - amblyopia od, mild. - systemic / social issues: pt is an attorney ? - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop and repeat hvf ou. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of having glaucoma based on appearance with intraocular pressure at 16/14. Potential optic neuropathy in right eye not necessarily due to glaucoma. Patient has cataracts, mild amblyopia. Monitoring advised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07414", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07414.jpg", "filename": "data_07414.npz", "report": "22-year-old female patient with mild astigmatism and myopia, and no visual acuity complaints. She may need glasses for driving. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged cup/disk ratio, but has normal intraocular pressure and normal retina.", "age": 22.96, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "22 yro female 1. mild astigmatism ou; mild myopia os - pt has no complaint for va except for driving at DATE_TIME - can get d glasses for driving if needed - rx=mrx given to pt per request 2. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio ou - negative f/h - iop DATE_TIME: 15/15 - c/d ratio: od:0.55; os:0.55 ; PERSON DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME: PERSON DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: wnl ou; gcc: normal ou - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou; high false neg and possible rim defect os - hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable both eyes - automated perimetry DATE_TIME: od: non-specific defect; os: ? superior arcade - pt edu, suggest rtc in DATE_TIME to repeat automated perimetry 24-2. in a yr for cee or sooner if needed", "gpt4_summary": "22-year-old female patient with mild astigmatism and myopia, and no visual acuity complaints. She may need glasses for driving. The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged cup/disk ratio, but has normal intraocular pressure and normal retina.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07415", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07415.jpg", "filename": "data_07415.npz", "report": "The 65-year-old female patient has a history of ocular hypertension, managed intraocular pressure, and no presence of glaucoma. A moderate cataract may impact vision. No diabetic retinopathy noted.", "age": 65.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female with dm blood clot in knee (DATE_TIME) 1. h/o ohtn when checked by optometry tmax 26 cct thick ou (616,595) hvf reliable and full od ins/sns os (new) 1st time tester, does not correlate with normal DATE_TIME wnl ou fhx negative iop controlled ou observe, repeat hvf os only next time 2. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged. 3. moderate cataract is present ou that is becoming visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient last time. DATE_TIME/o scl wear and monovision od scl is for distance and os is uncorrected (near) f/u 6 PERSON, bat, iop, hvf os only, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "The 65-year-old female patient has a history of ocular hypertension, managed intraocular pressure, and no presence of glaucoma. A moderate cataract may impact vision. No diabetic retinopathy noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07416", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07416.jpg", "filename": "data_07416.npz", "report": "The 58 y.o. female patient was examined for potential glaucoma but results were unclear. She suffers from htn, hyperlipidemia, age-related cataracts, dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. She's deaf and uses ASL.", "age": 58.42, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "58 y.o. female with h/o htn and hyperlipidemia returns for optic nerve optical coherence tomography, vf, and fundus photos ou. pt is deaf; asl interpreter PERSON present for exam assessment: pt returned for testing for question of mild nasal fullness on initial cee DATE_TIME - DATE_TIME: rnfl DATE_TIME od borderline sup thinning; other quadrants wnl. os: mildly thicker nasal quadrant; other quadrants wnl. optic nerves wnl on PERSON both eyes hvf 24-2: ?mild rim artifact od, full os - no vessel obscuration ou - no dyschromatopsia ou - no rapd od, os - denies ha, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, scalp tenderness, LOCATION htn; on medication - monitor # tortuosity of retinal vessels in setting of htn - noted at least since DATE_TIME followed by pcp (last med exam DATE_TIME) - discussed importance of bp control - monitor # age-related cataracts both eyes - bcva od 20/40, os 20/30 with mrx - referral to cos for cataract evaluation/reduced vision ou # dry eye both eyes - c/o occasional epiphora both eyes - uses refresh optive prn - increase at qid prn ou - monitor # hyperopia ou, astigmatism ou, presbyopia - updated spec rx = mrx - bcva od 20/40, os 20/30 (stable va from DATE_TIME) - continue with lined bifocal - transitions per pt request plan: - bcva ou eyes reduced, but stable from DATE_TIME. referral to cos for cataract evaluation/reduced va both eyes. - recommend follow-up with pcp for bp management. it was unclear in discussion with the pt whether she was taking her bp medications as prescribed. discussed with patient and daughter importance of strict bp control and taking all medications as prescribed by pcp. daughter will be organizing pt's medication and making sure she is taking as PERSON; note sent to pcp. - rtc on DATE_TIME for rnfl oct and automated perimetry, or sooner with any vision changes", "gpt4_summary": "The 58 y.o. female patient was examined for potential glaucoma but results were unclear. She suffers from htn, hyperlipidemia, age-related cataracts, dry eye, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. She's deaf and uses ASL.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07417", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07417.jpg", "filename": "data_07417.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular hypertension, but no diagnosis of glaucoma. Also suffers from migraines, hypothyroidism, anxiety, perimenopause, depression, headaches, hypercholesterolemia, and asthma.", "age": 56.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; onh cube; 6mm length; no condition list as of DATE_TIME migraine seasonal allergic rhinitis hypothyroidism anxiety perimenopause ocular hypertension depressive disorder headache hypercholesterolemia asthma results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular hypertension, but no diagnosis of glaucoma. Also suffers from migraines, hypothyroidism, anxiety, perimenopause, depression, headaches, hypercholesterolemia, and asthma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07418", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07418.jpg", "filename": "data_07418.npz", "report": "62-year-old white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Subjected to COVID screen.", "age": 62.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 62 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. lm to covid screen", "gpt4_summary": "62-year-old white, non-hispanic female. No glaucoma diagnosis. Subjected to COVID screen.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07419", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07419.jpg", "filename": "data_07419.npz", "report": "35-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. He experiences blurry vision after using phone, which could indicate convergence insufficiency or dry eye. Previously underwent strabismus surgery.", "age": 35.1, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "35 y.o. male c/o blurry vision 1. glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio ou sister has one enlarged on as well cct 546 ou (average) hvf reliable and full ou oct wnl dp DATE_TIME iop controlled ou plan: observe 2. blurry vision ou eyes become blurry after reading phone for DATE_TIME; resolves when he stops looking at phone or enlarges font size (since DATE_TIME). eyes feel strained at the time. ddx includes dry eye (less likely given his age and timing of sx) vs convergence insufficiency or related to prior strabismus (more likely) refer to dr. PERSON 3. s/p strabismus surgery for exotropia ou in LOCATION DATE_TIME) no hx of amblyopia or patching pt has mild PERSON and PERSON (possible dvd) on alt cover testing last time he is also aware (and has been since surgery) that alignment was still not perfect, feels like eye still drifts outward od consider PERSON, possible prism candidate for reading DATE_TIME mrx, iop, hvf, LOCATION, oct and dp PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON at DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "35-year-old male patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d ratio. He experiences blurry vision after using phone, which could indicate convergence insufficiency or dry eye. Previously underwent strabismus surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07420", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07420.jpg", "filename": "data_07420.npz", "report": "The 56-year-old male patient has diabetes mellitus type 2 and pigmented dispersion in both eyes. He shows no signs of glaucoma. He also has a small, stable choroidal nevus in right eye, non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes and a refractive error.", "age": 56.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "56 y.o. male \u00ff # diabetes mellitus type 2 -single ma temporal to LOCATION >importance of blood pressure, glucose, and lipid control emphasized with patient # pigment dispersion ou -tmax 19/18 pre-dilation, 21/21 post-dilation -gonio: open with 3+ pigmented tm -hvf DATE_TIME normal ou -oct DATE_TIME od normal, os temporal borderline thinning (stable) -no signs of glaucoma. stable hvf and DATE_TIME. >monitor DATE_TIME with oct rnfl, hvf if changes. \u00ff # small choroidal nevus od -stable, observe \u00ff # cataracts ou -not visually significant >observe \u00ff # refractive error >updated mrx given DATE_TIME \u00ff rtc 1 year: oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "The 56-year-old male patient has diabetes mellitus type 2 and pigmented dispersion in both eyes. He shows no signs of glaucoma. He also has a small, stable choroidal nevus in right eye, non-visually significant cataracts in both eyes and a refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07421", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07421.jpg", "filename": "data_07421.npz", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye and moderate in the left, with severe optic nerve damage in both eyes. It is recommended they undergo trabeculectomy surgery. Left eye also needs iridotomy.", "age": 66.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME pacg, severe re, moderate le target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: ( ) / ( ) never higher than 20s per patient central corneal thickness: 496.496.496 / 498.498.498 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +1.75. -0.75. 145 / os +2.25. -0.25. 075 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye:severe damage optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: severe damage visual fields on initial visit right eye: nearly total loss, central island visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior loss medication history and intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye : glaucoma procedures left eye : other eye procedures: family history: steroids: trauma: other history and problems: plan: severe glaucoma right eye and iop is too high. options include lens extraction, but unlikely to achieve adequate iop lowering. i recommend trabeculectomy and reviewed this with her. i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of trabeculectomy surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed right eye. also, left eye needs iridotomy and we can do this during surgery.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe glaucoma in the right eye and moderate in the left, with severe optic nerve damage in both eyes. It is recommended they undergo trabeculectomy surgery. Left eye also needs iridotomy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07422", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07422.jpg", "filename": "data_07422.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in right eye, suspect left eye. Target intraocular pressure: 14. Optic nerve shows thinning. Prefers selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment. Also has cataracts.", "age": 82.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: open angle glaucoma right eye suspect left eye target iop: 14 / 14, tmax: 20 (DATE_TIME) / 25 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 531 / 526 gonioscopy: open to trabecular meshwork/ss right eye, scleral spur left eye refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: superior and inferior thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: superior> inferior thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior and inferior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye: inferior arcuate, superior nasal step medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: phaco/iol DATE_TIME other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: none plan: initial note: open angle glaucoma right eye - start treatment (latanoprost vs selective laser trabeculoplasty vs both) prefers selective laser trabeculoplasty i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of laser trabeculoplasty including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, and acute eye pressure elevation. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. both eyes cataract -right eye - borderline visually significant, consider hydrus at time of phaco/iol. she prefers to hold off retinopathy: refer to retina", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with open angle glaucoma in right eye, suspect left eye. Target intraocular pressure: 14. Optic nerve shows thinning. Prefers selective laser trabeculoplasty for treatment. Also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07423", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07423.jpg", "filename": "data_07423.npz", "report": "The note mentions a range of conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, gastritis, renal cyst, kidney stone, constipation, angiomyolipoma of kidney, anemia, diabetes, osteoporosis, and headache. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 86.36, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME rheumatoid arthritis gastroesophageal reflux disease simple renal cyst kidney stone constipation angiomyolipoma of kidney iron deficiency anemia diabetes mellitus osteoporosis headache results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions a range of conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, gastritis, renal cyst, kidney stone, constipation, angiomyolipoma of kidney, anemia, diabetes, osteoporosis, and headache. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07424", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07424.jpg", "filename": "data_07424.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on eye appearance. Possible mild steroid reaction was noted with Flonase. Additionally, the patient has high myopia and is pregnant.", "age": 35.18, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "- glaucoma suspect ou based on on appearance, PERSON. PERSON. possible mild steroid response w flonase. cct 572/ 564, hvf 1/15 grossly nl, nl in DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME abnl but may be from myopia. goal PERSON around 20, os around 20 - at goal DATE_TIME plan: monitor off PERSON for now. - dm s dr plan: pt sees local ophtho for routine check-up's. - high myopia -9d ou - systemic / social issues: PERSON is an np. has sinusitis, off flonase now. pt is pregnant, due in DATE_TIME. ? - rtc in DATE_TIME for humphrey visual field os w ctl, iop both eyes and dfe both eyes w tropic 0.5%. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on eye appearance. Possible mild steroid reaction was noted with Flonase. Additionally, the patient has high myopia and is pregnant.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07425", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07425.jpg", "filename": "data_07425.npz", "report": "The patient has severe NVG OD (right eye), with suspected presence in OS (left eye). Despite low IOPs, there's worsening of the visual field in the right eye. Intraocular pressure may be increasing due to retinal injections. Continues on Cosopt and Alphagan.", "age": 63.3, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "(DATE_TIME) acceptable od, acceptable os ned has severe nvg od (suspect os), here for hvf 24-2 od only and LOCATION. worried visual field worsening right eye despite low iops; concern that intraocular pressure is spiking with retinal injections. message sent to retina service and dr. PERSON agreed to tap ac for intraocular pressure over 20 after injections. both eyes: continue cosopt (blue) DATE_TIME continue alphagan (purple) to DATE_TIME dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME od only baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with 10-2 humphrey visual field right eye only PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe NVG OD (right eye), with suspected presence in OS (left eye). Despite low IOPs, there's worsening of the visual field in the right eye. Intraocular pressure may be increasing due to retinal injections. Continues on Cosopt and Alphagan.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07426", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07426.jpg", "filename": "data_07426.npz", "report": "Patient increasingly symptomatic from nuclear cataracts; mild ocular cupping seen. Absent foveal reflex indicated. No evidence of glaucoma. Opting to proceed with cataract surgery.", "age": 62.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: increasingly symptomatic from nuclear cataracts ou (od>os) mild cupping os>od absent foveal reflex ou refr error plan: check DATE_TIME and rnfl; hvf now biometry hvf, oct of rnfl and PERSON, color vision----all normal advanced, symptomatic cataract ou --wishes to proceed with cataract surgery od (expect os to follow) --procedure, alternatives, risks, and benefits discussed. pre-op nevanac and vigamox prescribed refractive target options discussed. aim -.25", "gpt4_summary": "Patient increasingly symptomatic from nuclear cataracts; mild ocular cupping seen. Absent foveal reflex indicated. No evidence of glaucoma. Opting to proceed with cataract surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07427", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07427.jpg", "filename": "data_07427.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of glaucoma and is allergic to brimonidine. They need to have stable IOP, visual fields and OCT. The right eye has pigment dispersion syndrome. The left eye has mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma.", "age": 66.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: brimonidine (allergy) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 / 48 central corneal thickness: 538 / 543 gonioscopy: PERSON 2-3+ ou, pfo bubble inferiorly od? retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior > inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate, superior nasal step family history: possibly paternal uncle steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld, sleep apnea assessment/plan: 66 y.o. male # pigment dispersion syndrome, right eye; mixed mechanism glaucoma, mild to moderate, left eye - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue timolol bid os - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # history of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, both eyes - od s/p ppv od (DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON) - os s/p cryo-pneumatic (DATE_TIME, diaz/rodriguez), 25g ppv/fax/el/c3f8 14% with drainage retinotomy temporally (DATE_TIME, stryjewski/miller) - next appointment with PERSON DATE_TIME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes # s/p yag capsulotomy, right eye - monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of glaucoma and is allergic to brimonidine. They need to have stable IOP, visual fields and OCT. The right eye has pigment dispersion syndrome. The left eye has mild to moderate mixed mechanism glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07428", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07428.jpg", "filename": "data_07428.npz", "report": "62 y/o female has been diagnosed as a normal-tension glaucoma suspect, followed by the glaucoma service. She has no history of long-term steroid use, has a mother who is also a glaucoma suspect and a disc hemorrhage detected in 2014. No current glaucoma therapy.", "age": 62.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "62 y/o female who presents DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exam. last seen on DATE_TIME. assessment: 1. anisometropia, hyperopic astigmatism od, myopic astigmatism os, presbyopia longstanding anisometropia. tolerates spectacle correction well. previously had bifocal. now uses pal. refraction DATE_TIME with some changes os>od from DATE_TIME. 2. mgd ou mild overall. essentially asymptomatic. 3. cataract ou nonvisually significant. 4. posterior vitreous detachment od no new flashes or floaters per patient. no retinal tears/holes/breaks appreciated. 5. normal-tension glaucoma suspect ou followed by glaucoma service. previously seen by PERSON PERSON. now with dr. PERSON. mother a glaucoma suspect. no hx of long-term steroid use. hx of disc heme os 2014. tmax on record 16/17. cct 534/536. gonio open ou. last oct-rnfl DATE_TIME od normal os normal last hvf DATE_TIME od full os nonspecific defects target iop 20/20. no current glaucoma therapy. iop DATE_TIME. management/plan: specs rx dispensed. possible adaptation period discussed. can modify prn. recommend warm compress and artificial tears prn. retinal detachment precautions. followup with dr. PERSON as directed. return here in DATE_TIME for comprehensive eye exam. rtc sooner prn.", "gpt4_summary": "62 y/o female has been diagnosed as a normal-tension glaucoma suspect, followed by the glaucoma service. She has no history of long-term steroid use, has a mother who is also a glaucoma suspect and a disc hemorrhage detected in 2014. No current glaucoma therapy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07429", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07429.jpg", "filename": "data_07429.npz", "report": "The patient is being monitored for mild cataract ou and is using over-the-counter glasses for 20/15 vision. There is a low suspicion of glaucoma but risks include age and c/d asym. There is no family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Macular degeneration is present in the mother.", "age": 72.17, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male posterior vitreous detachment od warned of PERSON w/ diagram rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains \u00ff mild cataract ou monitor pt on PERSON uses otc glasses sees 20/15 ou uncorrected gave otc handout showed pt pinhole trick low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: age, c/d asym no fhx per pt iop 12/12, LOCATION DATE_TIME rnfl, gcl, and mac scan all normal ou hvf wnl ou s/p laser PERSONME for symptomatic hst od by dr. PERSON per dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME): still with persistent flashing lights well-barricaded tear, no srf, retina attached continue to monitor ----------------------------------------------------------------- ofhx: macular degeneration (dry) - mom f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe, ar/refract, optos", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is being monitored for mild cataract ou and is using over-the-counter glasses for 20/15 vision. There is a low suspicion of glaucoma but risks include age and c/d asym. There is no family history of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is normal. Macular degeneration is present in the mother.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07430", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07430.jpg", "filename": "data_07430.npz", "report": "Male patient is a potential glaucoma suspect with risk factors of family history. Normal intraocular pressures. No glaucoma detected at this time. Follow up suggested.\n", "age": 58.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male glaucoma suspect risks are family history (cousin, sister), c/d asym. iop is normal. PERSON is -5 od -6 os. PERSON is normal ou, gcl is normal. hvf 24-2 wnl ou observe as a suspect. pvd os, seen at LOCATION ed DATE_TIME reviewed in depth rd symptoms. no holes/tears/breaks on exam. astigmatism with LOCATION is 20/20 ou. rx optional. follow up in DATE_TIME, oct, NRP", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient is a potential glaucoma suspect with risk factors of family history. Normal intraocular pressures. No glaucoma detected at this time. Follow up suggested.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07431", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07431.jpg", "filename": "data_07431.npz", "report": "Patient suffers from dry eyes, and feels current treatment (Xiidra) is inadequate. There's also dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, and cataracts present in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cos clinic note assessment/plan: 1. dry eyes ou -failed restasis and artificial tears previously -using xiidra, but pt feels it is inadequate; reports difficulty with DATE_TIME activities -continue xiidra 2/2, ats 4/4, and ointment qhs -refer to cornea service for further recommendations 2. dermatochalasis ou and brow ptosis ou -s/p bulb and endobrow lift with PERSON -doing well 3. plaquenil use -oct macula with normal layers ou in DATE_TIME -faf normal both eyes in DATE_TIME 4. ns cataracts ou -monitor rtc in DATE_TIME for gonio and spectralis PERSON, hvf 10-2 ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suffers from dry eyes, and feels current treatment (Xiidra) is inadequate. There's also dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, and cataracts present in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07432", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07432.jpg", "filename": "data_07432.npz", "report": "Patient has cornea verticillata due to rhopressa use, previous noncompliance with medications. Goals include IOP <=09 mmHg in both eyes. Treatment includes pf cosopt, vyzulta. Retinal detachment precautions given. Moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care.\n", "age": 56.63, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "allergies are resolved -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. 6. cornea verticillata, both eyes (os>od) in the s/o rhopressa use -stable. 7. social/systemic issues: prior patient of dr. PERSON's. has a history of noncompliance with medications, per dr. PERSON's old notes. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 09 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 09 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on pf cosopt bid ou and PERSON. -continue pf cosopt bid ou. -continue vyzulta qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON prn for cornea care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. depending on optometry's input and patient's input, we'll decide on observation versus phaco/bgi (eye to be decided based on iop/testing/bat). i discussed trab mmc not a good idea given high myopia (despite need for low iop). tough situation. we could also try NRP NRP gel stent given dr. PERSON thought cataracts were mild. consider spacing out to DATE_TIME follow-ups if no progression in the future. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cornea verticillata due to rhopressa use, previous noncompliance with medications. Goals include IOP <=09 mmHg in both eyes. Treatment includes pf cosopt, vyzulta. Retinal detachment precautions given. Moderate risk of glaucoma progression without care.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07433", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07433.jpg", "filename": "data_07433.npz", "report": "The patient has a variety of conditions including mild stage open-angle glaucoma, hypercholesterolemia, onychomycosis, colon polyp, impotence, basal cell carcinoma of skin, smoking habit, hypertensive disorder, solitary lung nodule, asthma, pneumonia, and lung cancer.", "age": 73.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "nitroglycerin (LOCATION) 0.3 mg sl tablet place 1 tablet under the tongue as directed. q5minutes prn chest pain vikaschandra patwa DATE_TIME metal med transfer process tiotropium (PERSON) 18 mcg inhalation capsule inhale 1 capsule into the lungs DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME metal med transfer process umeclidinium 62.5 mcg/actuation dsdv inhale 1 puff into the lungs DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME hypercholesterolemia onychomycosis open-angle glaucoma, mild stage colon polyp impotence basal cell carcinoma of skin smoker hypertensive disorder solitary lung nodule asthma pneumonia lung cancer results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a variety of conditions including mild stage open-angle glaucoma, hypercholesterolemia, onychomycosis, colon polyp, impotence, basal cell carcinoma of skin, smoking habit, hypertensive disorder, solitary lung nodule, asthma, pneumonia, and lung cancer.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07434", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07434.jpg", "filename": "data_07434.npz", "report": "The patient is under medication such as clobetasol, PERSON and multivitamins. They have conditions like osteopenia, bilateral cataracts, macrocytosis, and osteoarthritis of the hip. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 81.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "source: LOCATION,PERSON; date: PERSON, LOCATION 9:52 am received from: partners healthcare clobetasol (temovate) 0.05 % external solution (taking) apply to scalp 1-2 times DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME, then as needed. PERSON (synalar) 0.01 % external solution (taking) apply topically 2 (two) times a day. multivitamin oral (taking) multivitamins; dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: not available; details: taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON; date: PERSON, LOCATION 9:52 am received from: partners healthcare your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus future labs/procedures complete by expires oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME osteopenia bilateral cataracts macrocytosis osteoarthritis of hip results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is under medication such as clobetasol, PERSON and multivitamins. They have conditions like osteopenia, bilateral cataracts, macrocytosis, and osteoarthritis of the hip. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07435", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07435.jpg", "filename": "data_07435.npz", "report": "72y.o. female suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance and elevated iop after cataract surgery. Improved after treatment. Pseudophakia in both eyes, posterior capsular opacification affecting night driving.", "age": 72.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "72 y.o. female with h/o hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, breast ca s/p surgery - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou had iop elevation on post-op day #1 after cataract surgery in both eyes which improved immediately with PERSON (?compromised trabecular meshwork) fam hx: none tmax: 21/21 (DATE_TIME) cct: 612/615 gonio DATE_TIME: open to cbb ou, 1/2+ pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou full DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl (unchanged) disc photos: DATE_TIME reviewed prior hvf and hrt from DATE_TIME. all normal. per DATE_TIME reports from local ophtho cup:disc ratio was 0.65 ou so unchanged last dilated: DATE_TIME >> observe off eyedrops given normal testing - pseudophakia ou (DATE_TIME) with posterior capsular opacification os>od that is starting to bother her with night driving (but also a function of the brighter led headlights from newer cars) >> yag capsulotomy discussed again DATE_TIME if she becomes more bothered by vision/glare - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME (uses reading glasses) f/up DATE_TIME with mrx, bat, hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "72y.o. female suspected of glaucoma due to cup:disc appearance and elevated iop after cataract surgery. Improved after treatment. Pseudophakia in both eyes, posterior capsular opacification affecting night driving.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07436", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07436.jpg", "filename": "data_07436.npz", "report": "The patient has bilateral optic issues, more significant on the right, poss. glaucoma. No overt diplopia. Family history of glaucoma. Exotropia present. Plan for new prescription glasses and a neuro-ophthalmic follow up.", "age": 72.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "recommend fresnel prisms at this time given that she denied overt diplopia and will continue to monitor for now, but will recommend updating her prescription glasses and obtaining progressives. impression: 1. bilateral optic PERSON (more obvious on the right than left on edi) 2. PERSON superior visual field deficits, likely glaucomatous in nature vs #1 3. exotropia, worse at near > distance, asymptomatic 4. family history (mother) of glaucoma plan: 1. recommend updated prescription and obtaining progressive glasses. 2. neuro-ophthalmic follow up in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow). ? ? PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has bilateral optic issues, more significant on the right, poss. glaucoma. No overt diplopia. Family history of glaucoma. Exotropia present. Plan for new prescription glasses and a neuro-ophthalmic follow up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07437", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07437.jpg", "filename": "data_07437.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions several medications, including Vitamin D3, Ibuprofen, Metformin, Ilevro, Prednisolone, and Ambien. Conditions listed include vitreous detachment, shoulder pain, colon polyp, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 65.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. PERSON (vitamin d3) 2,000 unit tablet (taking) take 2,000 units by mouth DATE_TIME. ibuprofen (advil,motrin) 200 mg tablet (taking) take 2 tablets by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON, rn DATE_TIME 9:57 am as needed PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME metformin (fortamet) 1000 mg (osm) DATE_TIME (taking) take 1 tablet (1,000 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME with dinner. PERSON (ilevro) 0.3 % drps opthalmic suspension (taking) place 1 drop into the right eye daily. prednisolone acetate (pred LOCATION) 1 % ophthalmic suspension (taking) place 1 drop into the right eye 4 (four) times a day. shake bottle for DATE_TIME before use. use as directed. PERSON (ambien) 5 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (5 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. MEDICAL_LICENSE your orders normal orders this visit PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl; 6mm length condition list as of DATE_TIME vitreous detachment shoulder pain colon polyp sleep apnea osteoarthritis diabetes mellitus elevated cholesterol results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions several medications, including Vitamin D3, Ibuprofen, Metformin, Ilevro, Prednisolone, and Ambien. Conditions listed include vitreous detachment, shoulder pain, colon polyp, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07438", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07438.jpg", "filename": "data_07438.npz", "report": "Patient underwent phaco/partial gsl/mp cpc os for white cataract, later received yag capsulotomy os for posterior capsular opacification. Vision issues discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 68.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "development of white cataract os, we proceeded with phaco/partial gsl/mp cpc os on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given visually-significant posterior capsular opacification os and dr. PERSON's blessing, we proceeded with yag capsulotomy os on DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON's blessing. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable hvf 24-2 size iii od and hvf 24-2 size v os, we will continue current medication regimen and schedule a DATE_TIME follow-up. we also discussed her decreased vision os (i re-checked va os myself during the visit) as well as her recent appointment with dr. PERSON for vision rehab care. we reviewed lid scrubs and pf ats for itching eyes/eyelids. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent phaco/partial gsl/mp cpc os for white cataract, later received yag capsulotomy os for posterior capsular opacification. Vision issues discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07439", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07439.jpg", "filename": "data_07439.npz", "report": "Patient has PCIOL OU, PCO OD>OS, PVD OU, and cupping OU. No signs of glaucoma by testing. Possible yearly YAG capsulotomy.", "age": 80.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: doing well with pciol ou pco od>os pvd ou cupping ou; not glaucomatous by testing again DATE_TIME refr error plan: rx=m prn disc poss yag caps yrly/sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has PCIOL OU, PCO OD>OS, PVD OU, and cupping OU. No signs of glaucoma by testing. Possible yearly YAG capsulotomy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07440", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07440.jpg", "filename": "data_07440.npz", "report": "22-year-old male with myopic astigmatism and large c:d ratio, longstanding since childhood. No family history of glaucoma. Has allergic conjunctivitis. Uses Zaditor for relief. No glaucoma presence noted.", "age": 22.77, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "22 y.o. man no pmhx, new patient DATE_TIME, here for comprehensive examination. previously followed with dr. PERSON 1. refractive error - myopic astigmatism > declines update in mrx (relatively new rx). hasn't worn ctl in a while (usually for sports only) 2. large c:d ratio - per patient has been longstanding since childhood and followed by dr. PERSON - no family history of glaucoma - no trauma, no steroid exposures 1st hvf DATE_TIME: full ou DATE_TIME: wnl ou, large onh ou cct: 549/554 (ave) >> will follow 3. allergic conjunctivitis - symptomatic primarily with erythema, sometimes itchy - uses zaditor with some benefit >ats, zaditor or pataday prn, avoid rubbing weinert, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "22-year-old male with myopic astigmatism and large c:d ratio, longstanding since childhood. No family history of glaucoma. Has allergic conjunctivitis. Uses Zaditor for relief. No glaucoma presence noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07441", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07441.jpg", "filename": "data_07441.npz", "report": "Patient referred for decreased vision (OS) showing reduced acuity OS to 20/40 and superior altitudinal defect. Fundus exam reveals superior disc elevation OS. Analysis suggests Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION OS). No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "neuroimaging: formulation: this patient is referred from the PERSON ed for decrease in vision os for DATE_TIME. the neuro-ophthalmic exam shows reduced acuity os to 20/40 compared to 20/20 od. color vision was full (with scanning os) and her pupils were already dilated so i could not assess for an apd. automated visual fields were normal od and showed a well defined superior altitudinal defect os. efferent function was normal. dilated fundus exam revealed subtle superior disc elevation os. retinal gcc analysis was normal ou. icg showed normal perfusion os. in summary, it appears this patient has naion os. i recommended that she avoid taking her anti-hypertensive medications in DATE_TIME. i also counseled the importance of optimizing her overall vascular risk factors. i also recommended testing for osa which is a potential risk factor. impression: 1. naion os recommendations: 1. avoid qhs use of anti-hypertensives 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME note prepared with the assistance of PERSON DATE_TIME, md, fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for decreased vision (OS) showing reduced acuity OS to 20/40 and superior altitudinal defect. Fundus exam reveals superior disc elevation OS. Analysis suggests Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION OS). No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07442", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07442.jpg", "filename": "data_07442.npz", "report": "Patient has pseudophakia in both eyes with decreased acuity. Needs 1 agent for intraocular pressure control, indicative of glaucoma. Procedures for both eyes were planned but patient cancelled surgery.", "age": 75.23, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given pxf os>od, decreased acuity os>od, and need for 1 agent for iop control, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb os on DATE_TIME with 3-piece lens in the bag. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given pxf od, decreased acuity od, great result os, and need for 1 agent for iop control, we decided to proceed with phaco/ecp/kdb od with 3-piece lens in the bag. patient desires to schedule for DATE_TIME => patient cancelled surgery in DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given the need for 1 agent for iop control as well as visually-significant cataract od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME with 3-piece in the bag. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pseudophakia in both eyes with decreased acuity. Needs 1 agent for intraocular pressure control, indicative of glaucoma. Procedures for both eyes were planned but patient cancelled surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07443", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07443.jpg", "filename": "data_07443.npz", "report": "The patient has mild atrophy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex, resolved bitemporal hemianopia, and residual optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 56.55, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "alignment and facial sensation are normal. oct again only shows mild atrophy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex (PERSON in PERSON) my overall impression is: resolved bitemporal hemianopia and minimal residual PERSON left>right optic neuropathy after chiasmal decompression of a cystic papillary craniopharyngioma my plan is: - will continue to monitor vision from neuro-ophthalmic perspective - next mri as per protocol every 3 months - preservative-free artificial tears 4x daily i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild atrophy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex, resolved bitemporal hemianopia, and residual optic neuropathy. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07444", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07444.jpg", "filename": "data_07444.npz", "report": "The clinical note mostly discusses medication instructions. However, it indicates future tests for both eyes including Humphrey Visual Field and Optic Nerve OCT, which could imply potential concerns about glaucoma.", "age": 64.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "potassium chloride (klor-con) 20 meq tber er tablet (taking) take 40 meq by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME , PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus PHONE DATE_TIME DATE_TIME Institution comp oph mc tech PERSON main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mostly discusses medication instructions. However, it indicates future tests for both eyes including Humphrey Visual Field and Optic Nerve OCT, which could imply potential concerns about glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07445", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07445.jpg", "filename": "data_07445.npz", "report": "The 60-year-old patient referred for glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression. Glaucoma detected, taking latanaprost, no allergies or trauma noted. Will consider SLT procedure for glaucoma. Also has myopia and early cataracts.", "age": 60.26, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 y/o aam here referred by URLeenstein for glaucoma evaluation b/c progression of visual field. currently on latanoprost qhs ou, + fh, no allergy to meds, no trauma, he is myopic, no steroid use. 1. poag ou early - t max unknown, on pg low teens ou - thin ks 474/498 - gonio: open ou - hvf and LOCATION with early changes, but od appears to progress on current LOCATION, large nerves ou (2.8mm) with c/d assymetry. - iop goal low teens ou long discussion was done about the nature of the disease, visual prognosis and management options at this stage, he voiced understanding, all questions were answered. will plan for slt od first, r/b explained, he wants to think about procedure. rtc: DATE_TIME for iop check and possible slt od first plan: cont latanaprost ou qhs 2. myopia ou - ok with glasses - dfe: stable exam. 3. early cataracts ou nuclear, - nvs, observe", "gpt4_summary": "The 60-year-old patient referred for glaucoma evaluation due to visual field progression. Glaucoma detected, taking latanaprost, no allergies or trauma noted. Will consider SLT procedure for glaucoma. Also has myopia and early cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07446", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07446.jpg", "filename": "data_07446.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, taking dorzolamide 1x/night in both eyes, brimonidine 2x/day in both eyes, and alphagan3 3x/day in left eye. Prescribed alternatives include latanoprost and brimonidine.", "age": 82.87, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes 1x/night dorzolamide/PERSON (dark blue) both eyes 2x/day brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) the left eye 3x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, taking dorzolamide 1x/night in both eyes, brimonidine 2x/day in both eyes, and alphagan3 3x/day in left eye. Prescribed alternatives include latanoprost and brimonidine.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07447", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07447.jpg", "filename": "data_07447.npz", "report": "Patient with history of hypertension, heart problems, and open angle glaucoma in both eyes, had trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Other conditions include blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, allergic conjunctivitis, anisocoria, and subretinal pigment changes. Treatment includes multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes.", "age": 84.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIME f hx htn, afib on warfarin, LOCATION, chf # open angle glaucoma, both eyes, s/p trabeculectomy in both eyes (DATE_TIME). iop acceptable at this time. [ fhx: no [ cct: 560,554 [ tmax: 20,19 [ gonio DATE_TIME [ dfe DATE_TIME [ DATE_TIME: wnl ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: inf defect ou (fluctuates but has been present in the last few tests) - iop acceptable at this time. continue brimonidine tid ou. \u00ff\u00ff # s/p cataract surgery, both eyes (DATE_TIME). mild posterior capsular opacity, right eye, borderline visually significant. - monitor # blepharitis, both eyes. - discussed warm compresses and eyelid hygiene twice daily. - recommended omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. - discussed often chronic nature of condition. \u00ff\u00ff # dry eye syndrome, not responding to frequent artificial tears. - continue artificial tears 1 gtt ou qid. - continue artificial tears gel drops ou qhs (does not like ointment). - start restasis 1 gtt ou bid. - minimize environmental factors (e.g., fans, hair dryers, smoke). - discussed with patient additional treatments are possible if symptoms not adequately controlled. - discussed normal initial burning with restasis drops and need to wait DATE_TIME to feel results. \u00ff\u00ff # seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, both eyes. itchy with eye rubbing. - antihistamine eyedrops as needed. \u00ff\u00ff # anisocoria, right larger than left, likely surgical # subretinal pigmentary changes, not visually significant - oct showed central large druse vs vitelliform lesion, od > os. - discussed no smoking, NRP vitamins, uv protection - monitor \u00ff\u00ff rtc 6 months with oct; sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with history of hypertension, heart problems, and open angle glaucoma in both eyes, had trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Other conditions include blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, allergic conjunctivitis, anisocoria, and subretinal pigment changes. Treatment includes multiple eye drops and lifestyle changes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07448", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07448.jpg", "filename": "data_07448.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or any other medical conditions. It only provides details on how to reach the patient support team.", "age": 65.83, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "within DATE_TIME. to reach the partners patient gateway support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or any other medical conditions. It only provides details on how to reach the patient support team.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07449", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07449.jpg", "filename": "data_07449.npz", "report": "The patient is prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for both eyes once nightly, indicative of glaucoma treatment. Alternate medications include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, and travaprost.", "age": 40.42, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency bimatoprost/lumigan\u00f8 (teal) both eyes 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant at PHONE_NUMBER. for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prescribed bimatoprost/lumigan for both eyes once nightly, indicative of glaucoma treatment. Alternate medications include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, and travaprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07450", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07450.jpg", "filename": "data_07450.npz", "report": "Patient prescribed brimonidine and cosopt for potential glaucoma. Compliance with medication regimen emphasized. Monocular precautions and tight control of blood glucose, pressure and cholesterol advised.", "age": 62.57, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "brimonidine bid ou. -start cosopt bid os. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx/mrx ou (near/far), dilation ou, hvf 10-2 size v os, oct rnfl/gcc os (by experienced technician), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider retina referral next visit if PERSON active. consider yag capsulotomy os if visually-significant. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient prescribed brimonidine and cosopt for potential glaucoma. Compliance with medication regimen emphasized. Monocular precautions and tight control of blood glucose, pressure and cholesterol advised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07451", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07451.jpg", "filename": "data_07451.npz", "report": "The 80-year-old male patient shows glaucoma symptoms with increased intraocular pressure, especially in the right eye. He also has age-related macular degeneration, hemiretinal vein occlusion, and moderate vision issues limited by AMD. A consultation for glaucoma is recommended.", "age": 80.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "80 y.o. male 1. mmg, s/p lpi ou with gon os>od. CCT thick (~600 ou). s/p slt #1 os DATE_TIME hvf od reliable, central scotoma, stable, one point defects at far nasal edge sns/ins area os inc md, sa, central scotoma, ia defect, + progression OCT OD WNL OS sup thinning, borderline temp thinning, stable ou iop borderline ou plan: cpm with LOCATION ou bid and lumigan ou qhs 2. ns ou, moderate, vision limited by amd ou, hrvo ou, mmd NRP age-related macular degeneration ou with geographic atrophy ou - stable on imaging; no signs of wet amd - previously discussed geographic atrophy clinical trials, patient declined - continue areds vitamins. patient knows that he does not strictly fit the criteria of the patients who were included in the AREDS trial and for whom the PERSON trial showed a benefit; however, patient wishes to continue vitamins. - amsler monitoring; sooner prn any changes - already evaluated by vision rehab which was very helpful f/u dr PERSON as scheduled 4. vision rehab - recommend f/u with PERSON PERSON 5. hemiretinal vein occlusion right eye - with collaterals around the nerve - blood pressure was elevated DATE_TIME around the time of steroid injections to spine for back pain; that time period of elevated blood pressure may be contributing factor to the occlusion. on hctz 25 mg currently and has follow up with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME - taking asa - angiogram shows no ischemia and hemorrhages are decreasing - blood pressure and lipid control optimization recommended - follow up in DATE_TIME rec consult glaucoma given recent hrvo od and progression of hvf od, borderline iop ou, may need lower iop ou goal (consider adding PERSON/rhopressa vs surgery phaco/pciol/migs)", "gpt4_summary": "The 80-year-old male patient shows glaucoma symptoms with increased intraocular pressure, especially in the right eye. He also has age-related macular degeneration, hemiretinal vein occlusion, and moderate vision issues limited by AMD. A consultation for glaucoma is recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07452", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07452.jpg", "filename": "data_07452.npz", "report": "The patient has been advised to adhere to their medication routine and use preservative-free artificial tears as necessary. Previous records were requested. A 4-month follow-up is scheduled for an intraocular pressure check and retinal examination. The use of Xen Gel Stent is being considered for the future. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under Patient instructions) previously. -Emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -Preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -I asked NAME to request previous records on DATE. -RTC in 4 months with IOP check and OCT rNFL/GCC OU (OK to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner PRN. In the future we can consider open Xen Gel Stent OD if needed. I saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (DOCTOR, MD). I have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been advised to adhere to their medication routine and use preservative-free artificial tears as necessary. Previous records were requested. A 4-month follow-up is scheduled for an intraocular pressure check and retinal examination. The use of Xen Gel Stent is being considered for the future. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07453", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07453.jpg", "filename": "data_07453.npz", "report": "The patient has undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment with ongoing mild discomfort. Additionally, they have posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane and visual field defects. Glaucoma is questioned, however, current evaluations are inconsistent with the condition.", "age": 75.01, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "last seen by me DATE_TIME. 1) s/p multiple procedures to repair retinal detachment od for retinal detachment with proliferative LOCATION, last surgery od DATE_TIME; aphakic with band keratopathy and mostly stable except for some mild foreign body sensation - art tears and ointment for comfort - could consider scraping and chelation if worsens - monocular precautions \u00ff 2) posterior vitreous detachment os: retina attached, horseshoe tear in lattice os s/p cryo DATE_TIME; no new breaks, good reaction. last seen DATE_TIME. -f/u with PERSON every DATE_TIME - due now \u00ff 3) epiretinal membrane os: may be cause of symptoms and visual field defects, though central vision remains excellent - f/u with PERSON every DATE_TIME - due now \u00ff 4) pseudophakia os: stable \u00ff 5) visual field defects os. ?epiretinal membrane vs. vitreous debris vs. glaucoma. pt notes having difficult reading for DATE_TIME, though vision is still 20/20. the humphrey visual field shows scattered central loss not consistent with glaucoma - same or better DATE_TIME. the pressure is normal, the gonio is open and cornea is of normal thickness. the optic nerve looks normal too. optical coherence tomography of the macula showed an epiretinal membrane and some elevation - could this explain the central defect? the optic nerve optical coherence tomography of the nerve is stable with some superior and inferior thinning which fluctuates quite a bit - the overall thickness has been stable x DATE_TIME. he is on alphagan os to be safe. pressure DATE_TIME is acceptable. - cont with PERSON bid or tid if he thinks of it - return in DATE_TIME for pressure check \u00ff dfe: 8/22 vf: 8/22 oct: 8/22 gonio: 9/14 tmax: 19, 22 cct: 546 fhx: yes \u00ff 6) refractive: stable -keep old glasses", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has undergone multiple surgeries for retinal detachment with ongoing mild discomfort. Additionally, they have posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane and visual field defects. Glaucoma is questioned, however, current evaluations are inconsistent with the condition.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07454", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07454.jpg", "filename": "data_07454.npz", "report": "This clinical note is regarding a patient who underwent a constellation 23-gauge vitrectomy and scleral buckle insertion in the left eye. There are no active problem and no signs of glaucoma.", "age": 55.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient: PERSON date of surgery: DATE_TIME procedure: constellation 23 gauge vitrectomy pars plana (left ) insertion buckle scleral (left ) surgeon(s): PERSON, md, phd relevant problems no relevant active problems general: patient snapshot reviewed. history and allergies (imported from record): history reviewed. no pertinent past medical history. - exercise tolerance: exercise tolerance: able to bike or walk 1 mile. physical exam airway: mallampati score: Neck rom is full. mouth opening: normal. tm distance: normal. dental: (-) loose teeth cardiovascular: heart rhythm: regular pulmonary: breath sounds are clear to auscultation. neurological: (+) alert and oriented to self other physical exam findings: comment: slightly small mouth opening vital signs (imported from record): bp 117/71 | pulse 62 | temp 36.7 \u00f8c (98 \u00f8f) (temporal) | resp 18 | ht 154.9 cm (5' 1') | wt 67.1 kg (148 lb) | spo2 95% | bmi 27.96 kg/m\u00fd - anesthesia assessment and plan asa physical status: 1 primary anesthetic: mac nerve block type: other airway: the plan for the airway is: natural. monitoring/lines: the plan for monitoring and lines is: standard monitor. post-op destination/disposition: pacu informed consent: anesthetic plan and risks discussed with: patient.", "gpt4_summary": "This clinical note is regarding a patient who underwent a constellation 23-gauge vitrectomy and scleral buckle insertion in the left eye. There are no active problem and no signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07455", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07455.jpg", "filename": "data_07455.npz", "report": "Patient has a dendritiform lesion in left eye. Valtrex 1g tid treatment started. Suggests cornea follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 78.03, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "this patient presented DATE_TIME with a dendritiform lesion of the left eye. i started valtrex 1g tid for DATE_TIME. any way we could have someone in cornea follow up with him in DATE_TIME? thank you!", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a dendritiform lesion in left eye. Valtrex 1g tid treatment started. Suggests cornea follow-up visit. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07456", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07456.jpg", "filename": "data_07456.npz", "report": "64 y.o. male glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and no family history of glaucoma. Previous usage of pred forte, no trauma reported. Identified abnormalities in ocular components. Prescribed cosopt and brimonidine but discontinued latanoprost. Additionally diagnosed with macular edema and cataract; had vitrectomy for retinal detachment and has a history of iritis.", "age": 64.99, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "64 y.o. male glaucoma suspect presents for DATE_TIME follow-up. \u00ff\u00ff 1. ocular hypertension ou and asymmetric cup od>os no family hx history of pred forte use os, not prolonged no trauma to the eyes gonio open to ciliary body band ou oct DATE_TIME: full od, abnormal os but likely from artifact DATE_TIME: full ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning os oct rnfl DATE_TIME: sup thinning os hvf DATE_TIME: high false PERSON, reliable os; inferior nasal step os, inferior arcuate with superior defects od (findings correspond to location of retinal tears and detachment) hvf DATE_TIME: od non-specific inf defects, os; dense inferior arcuate, stable hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable, od non-specific, possible sad/ os: sad/ iad, unreliable hvf DATE_TIME: sup and inf arcuate, os>>od, maybe worse than prior iop 18/14 DATE_TIME by applanation (md) \u00ff\u00ff rec: - continue cosopt bid ou - d/c latanoprost (could be related to cme os) - start brimonidine bid ou (was supposed to start last time, does not have it) - was supposed to have DATE_TIME DATE_TIME but did not - follow-up in DATE_TIME, iop check, oct rnfl and hvf, sooner prn \u00ff\u00ff 2. PERSON macular edema os newly diagnosed DATE_TIME seeing dr. PERSON DATE_TIME management as per retina 3. cataract od not visually significant monitor \u00ff\u00ff 4. pseudophakia os (DATE_TIME) target near \u00ff\u00ff 5. s/p vitrectomy and PERSON for retinal detachment with large superior break DATE_TIME dr. kylstra seeing dr. PERSON DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 5. chronic asymptomatic flap tear od s/p laser retinopexy DATE_TIME stable \u00ff\u00ff 6. history of iritis os quiet DATE_TIME lains \u00ff i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "64 y.o. male glaucoma suspect with ocular hypertension and no family history of glaucoma. Previous usage of pred forte, no trauma reported. Identified abnormalities in ocular components. Prescribed cosopt and brimonidine but discontinued latanoprost. Additionally diagnosed with macular edema and cataract; had vitrectomy for retinal detachment and has a history of iritis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07457", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07457.jpg", "filename": "data_07457.npz", "report": "65-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma, undergoing treatment and showing some progression. Significant family history present. Glaucoma needs further management for effective control.", "age": 65.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female 1. poag, dx'd DATE_TIME, on txe ou qd since then, switched to cosopt ou bid DATE_TIME. s/p slt #1 od DATE_TIME s/p slt #1 os DATE_TIME fhx + mother and grandmother on drops tmax 20-21 on no drops cct 605,611 (thick ou) hvf full od, sup arcuate defect and ins os (+progression) oct borderline temp thinning od, wnl os dp + disc heme od DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) tgoal 14 or less ou, iop controlled ou DATE_TIME, has been running 15-16 ou for DATE_TIME needs a lower target given hvf progression os and + disc heme od plan: PERSON bid add LOCATION ou qhs, side effects discussed (eyelashes, eye color change, etc) blue eyes also consult glaucoma service for further management next visit 2. mild ns ou, nvs, observe 3. pvd ou, rd precautions 1-2 mo glaucoma eval", "gpt4_summary": "65-year-old female diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma, undergoing treatment and showing some progression. Significant family history present. Glaucoma needs further management for effective control.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07458", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07458.jpg", "filename": "data_07458.npz", "report": "65-year-old female patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and primary hyperparathyroidism. She had successful CABG. Her blood sugar level is managed well. She's dealing with cataracts and considering surgery, has refractive error/presbyopia, and a possible open-angle glaucoma.", "age": 65.93, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "65 y.o. f with dm, htn, hypercholesterolemia, primary hyperparathyroidism had cabg in 2/20, doing well since. #type 2 diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.3 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes compared with lower hba1c levels. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized > yearly exams #choroidal nevus os no concerning features. > watch # combined cataract ou -noticing more glare - discussed cataract surgery. will think about it. will call if she wants to go ahead. #refractive error / presbyopia provided new mrx DATE_TIME # open angle with borderline findings, low risk ou - healthy rim - no family hx - good iop - cct 622/631 - oct DATE_TIME od borderline thin sup os borderline thin temp DATE_TIME od borderline thin sup os borderline thin temp- hvf DATE_TIME full ou > observe, low risk return DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate with hvf and oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "65-year-old female patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and primary hyperparathyroidism. She had successful CABG. Her blood sugar level is managed well. She's dealing with cataracts and considering surgery, has refractive error/presbyopia, and a possible open-angle glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07459", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07459.jpg", "filename": "data_07459.npz", "report": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma, worse in left eye. No intolerance to glaucoma medication. Family history of brother losing vision due to glaucoma. Post cataract surgery, vision improved.", "age": 77.05, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by drs. parminder, PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 / 21 central corneal thickness: 479 / 497 gonioscopy: d40f 2-3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior > superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior/inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: superior altitudinal, inferior arcuate family history: brother lost vision from glaucoma steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld assessment/plan: 77 y.o. female # normal tension glaucoma, severe, left > right eye - s/p phaco/omni with 360\u00f8 viscodilation and inferior 180\u00f8 goniotomy os (DATE_TIME), phaco/ecp/omni with PERSON and PERSON (DATE_TIME) - started on treatment at bmc DATE_TIME, history of self-discontinuing drops - iop acceptable ou - vf and oct improved ou now that cataracts addressed, new baseline - continue dorzolamide/timolol bid ou, brimonidine bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - with ecp/omni as above PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma, worse in left eye. No intolerance to glaucoma medication. Family history of brother losing vision due to glaucoma. Post cataract surgery, vision improved.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07460", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07460.jpg", "filename": "data_07460.npz", "report": "87 y.o. patient experienced vision loss in left eye and headaches, has history of prostate cancer and diverticular disease. Presents with nuclear sclerotic cataract in both eyes, but no significant visual disturbance. Concerns for amaurosis fugax; stroke testing recommended. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 87.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "87 y.o. with hx of prostate ca (under treatment), diverticular disease DATE_TIME, noted another episode of losing vision in the left eye, also noted a headache DATE_TIME. nuclear sclerotic cataract both eyes - not visually significant > observe transient blurring of vision ou, more recently had transient loss of vision in the left eye - gca ros negative, esr crp PERSON visual field testing unremarkable - mac oct within normal > transient vision loss concerning for amaurosis fugax. would recommend a stroke workup per pcp. refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request last visit, hold off on new prescription fu as scheduled in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "87 y.o. patient experienced vision loss in left eye and headaches, has history of prostate cancer and diverticular disease. Presents with nuclear sclerotic cataract in both eyes, but no significant visual disturbance. Concerns for amaurosis fugax; stroke testing recommended. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07461", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07461.jpg", "filename": "data_07461.npz", "report": "The patient is being followed for potential glaucoma, with a diagnosis of myopic nerves. Noted issues include borderline inferior thinning in the right eye and confirmed inferior thinning in the left eye. Other conditions include vitreous floaters, ns cataracts, and dry eyes.", "age": 50.44, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. followed for DATE_TIME in LOCATION, PERSON as a glaucoma suspect. diagnosis: myopic nerves target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 561 / 566 gonioscopy: cbb ou refractive error: od -3.50 . -1.75 . 088 / os -3.50 . -1.75 . 085 optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): borderline inferior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): inferior thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full field visual fields on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full field medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: no steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. myopic eyes, glaucoma suspect -open angles by gonio, dilated DATE_TIME without iop rise -thin oct inferiorly possibly due to myopic thin retina, monitor oct rnfl over a few visits 2. vitreous floaters -no rt/rd -rd precautions 3. ns cataracts ou -not visually significant 4. dry eyes ou -followed by PERSON PERSON plan: -okay to dilate -rtc in DATE_TIME for oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is being followed for potential glaucoma, with a diagnosis of myopic nerves. Noted issues include borderline inferior thinning in the right eye and confirmed inferior thinning in the left eye. Other conditions include vitreous floaters, ns cataracts, and dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07462", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07462.jpg", "filename": "data_07462.npz", "report": "The patient has new tension headaches, vision changes, eye and jaw aches, and has lost 15 lbs unexpectedly. Borderline glaucoma findings noted, but stable IOP and no family history. Reports dry eyes.", "age": 77.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "new tension headaches no loss of energy/fatigue, vision changes, aching behind her eyes, jaw aching. unintentional/unexplained weight loss, 15 pounds. recommend speaking with her pcp. open angle with borderline glaucoma findings ou stable iop. no family hx PERSON hvf wnl trauma os mva no apd lens replaced by other means ou od: DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME doing great. patient happy. great va. stable iop. dry eye ou c/o 'gritty feeling' placed in 0.4 plug f/u in DATE_TIME for oct, NRP, ar/refract. by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has new tension headaches, vision changes, eye and jaw aches, and has lost 15 lbs unexpectedly. Borderline glaucoma findings noted, but stable IOP and no family history. Reports dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07463", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07463.jpg", "filename": "data_07463.npz", "report": "Patient underwent successful cataract surgery in right eye with lens implant. Has mild, non-significant cataract in left eye. Monitored for glaucoma.", "age": 63.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, right eye (DATE_TIME) - zcb00 +26.5 d, aim distance # cataract, left eye - mild, not visually significant, monitor i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient underwent successful cataract surgery in right eye with lens implant. Has mild, non-significant cataract in left eye. Monitored for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07464", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07464.jpg", "filename": "data_07464.npz", "report": "The note is a reminder about an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment at Institution. The patient is informed that pupil dilation, necessary for the exam, may cause temporary blurred vision. No mention of glaucoma is made.", "age": 75.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON we thank you for choosing Institution for your care and we look forward to welcoming you for your appointment on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON. our neuro-ophthalmology suite is located on the 9th floor of the Institution. we ask patients to allow DATE_TIME for a first appointment. if you have any questions or concerns, please contact our office at PHONE_NUMBER. please be aware that your pupils might need to be dilated for your exam. dilation of your pupils will produce blurred vision for at least 2-3 hours, and it will make your eyes sensitive to light. these effects can make it difficult, or unsafe, to drive a car. as such, it is advisable to attend your appointment with someone who can drive, or at least you should be prepared to remain in the area until you believe your vision has returned to normal. * reminder: if you have had a previous mri of your brain or orbits, please hand carry the cd of the images to your appointment. sincerely, PERSON operations coordinator", "gpt4_summary": "The note is a reminder about an upcoming neuro-ophthalmology appointment at Institution. The patient is informed that pupil dilation, necessary for the exam, may cause temporary blurred vision. No mention of glaucoma is made.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07465", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07465.jpg", "filename": "data_07465.npz", "report": "Patient has history of glaucoma in both eyes with significant cupping. Using Timolol & Xalatan in the right eye. Despite this, HVF and OCT are normal. Continuing medication management.", "age": 74.18, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: multifocal pciol os (barsam) cataract od hx glaucoma ou; on timolol and xalatan od; despite significant cupping ou--normal hvf and oct of rnfl ou; cct 546/563 pvd ou refr error plan: cpm for now rx=m management by glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of glaucoma in both eyes with significant cupping. Using Timolol & Xalatan in the right eye. Despite this, HVF and OCT are normal. Continuing medication management.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07466", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07466.jpg", "filename": "data_07466.npz", "report": "The patient, a 61-year-old female, has moderate normal tension/primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. She's had selective laser trabeculoplasty and is on multiple eye-drops. Both eyes have retinal nerve fiber layer thinning.", "age": 61.85, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by drs. PERSON, rao, LOCATION) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown (22 per patient) central corneal thickness: 564 / 568 corneal hysteresis: 11.6 / 12.1 gonioscopy: c30f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior/superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior/superior thinning visual fields, right eye: possible early superior nasal step, inferior arcuate visual fields, left eye: possible early superior > inferior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: mva DATE_TIME asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: s/p tracheostomy, intracranial bleed DATE_TIME, dm, htn, hld assessment/plan: 61 y.o. female # normal tension/primary open angle glaucoma, moderate, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou - nerve rims appear healthier than testing would suggest - iop borderline/too high ou, vf and oct may be worse - add brimonidine bid ou, continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 61-year-old female, has moderate normal tension/primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. She's had selective laser trabeculoplasty and is on multiple eye-drops. Both eyes have retinal nerve fiber layer thinning.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07467", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07467.jpg", "filename": "data_07467.npz", "report": "45-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, 1st prescreen attempt completed at 9am.", "age": 45.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 45 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. 1st attempt DATE_TIME 9am prescreen compete", "gpt4_summary": "45-year-old white, non-Hispanic female, no diagnosis of glaucoma, 1st prescreen attempt completed at 9am.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07468", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07468.jpg", "filename": "data_07468.npz", "report": "70-year-old non-English-speaking female has glaucoma suspected due to enlarged c/d ratio and thinner inferior rim. Also has dry eye syndrome, mild hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and non-visually significant cataracts.", "age": 75.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "70 y/o NRP-speaking female. utilized the phone interpreter for DATE_TIME's visit. \u00ff\u00ff glaucoma suspect based on on appearance enlarged c/d ratio ou; thinner inferior rim os stable to disc photos DATE_TIME ?positive fhx glaucoma (sister lost 1 ee, not sure why) cct DATE_TIME: 519/500 (thinner than average) gonio DATE_TIME: open angles ou oct-rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: few nonspecific defects od, full os (borderline excess fl ou, borderline high fp os) iop DATE_TIME (previously 16/16) \u00ff dry eye syndrome ou mild intermittent symptoms at this time artificial tears help, but sometimes forgets to use it relatively mild signs present on exam DATE_TIME \u00ff hyperopia astigmatism ou, presbyopia current pal DATE_TIME, but still works well preferred stronger add power to help with near only mild changes found od on refraction DATE_TIME dispensed updated specs rx last visit in case she wanted to get new glasses, but not necessary \u00ff cataract ou nonvisually significant observe f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe oct, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old non-English-speaking female has glaucoma suspected due to enlarged c/d ratio and thinner inferior rim. Also has dry eye syndrome, mild hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia and non-visually significant cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07469", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07469.jpg", "filename": "data_07469.npz", "report": "The 49 y.o. female patient presented with concerns for disc edema and was referred due to potential papilledema. No disc edema or optic neuropathy was found. There was a concern for increased intracranial hypertension. The evaluation showed mild bilateral cupping of optic nerves, but no disc edema. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma. The intraocular pressure was normal. A follow-up was scheduled for further exams.", "age": 49.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "49 y.o.f presents with concern for disc edema new patient DATE_TIME referred for concern for papilledema pmhx: acne, menorrhagia on norethindrone fhx: dm, hld, melanoma, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer shx: works as a recruiter PERSON: headaches, 10lbs weigh gain with new birth control now stopped, no ringing in ears, no tvo, no double vision # concern for papilledema vs disc edema - per patient had mri for headaches and there was concern for increased intracranial hypertension (image not available for review) - no disc edema on exam DATE_TIME. no evidence of optic neuropathy- PERSON, colors full, hvf limited by fixation losses od but otherwise full ou - dfe: mild bilateral cupping of optic nerves but no disc edema in either eye # glaucoma suspect due to increased c:d os>od - baseline hvf and oct rnfl full ou today - iop wnl - + fhx cousin - follow up DATE_TIME with gonio, cct, disc photos # refractive error - doing well with current mrx - follow up DATE_TIME with gonio, cct, disc photos PERSON md", "gpt4_summary": "The 49 y.o. female patient presented with concerns for disc edema and was referred due to potential papilledema. No disc edema or optic neuropathy was found. There was a concern for increased intracranial hypertension. The evaluation showed mild bilateral cupping of optic nerves, but no disc edema. The patient is suspected to have glaucoma. The intraocular pressure was normal. A follow-up was scheduled for further exams.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07470", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07470.jpg", "filename": "data_07470.npz", "report": "New patient, 79 y/o female with history of Raynauds and limited scleroderma. Recently diagnosed with bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO). On 60mg of prednisone. Advised to continue steroids and consult a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 79.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "new pt presents for 2nd opinion for PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female hx of raynauds - + scalp tenderness ou; otherwise negative review of gca symptoms DATE_TIME PERSON (dr. PERSON) - symptoms started 10/18 - on 60mg of prednisone since DATE_TIME - mra w/o contrast done at INSTITUTION reportedly normal per - normal esr and crp per prior note but elevated PERSON for vasculitis - per outside note fa/icg with normal retinal arterial but patchy choroidal flush crao os - dx DATE_TIME pvd od pseudophakia od cataract os - monitor plan: continue steroids urgent neuro-ophthalmology consultation with consideration of ta biopsy attending's assessment/plan on DATE_TIME i saw, examined and was physically present for the key portions of the services provided. i agree with the trainee's plan and notes. 79 yo woman with h/o raynauds + limited scleroderma (sometimes has difficulty with swallowing) with recent ana 1:2560 recent diagnosis of crao os DATE_TIME followed by crao od DATE_TIME - normal esr and crp per notes, no temporal artery bx, fa/icg report describes patchy choroidal flush (no films to review) with bilateral crao, suggest urgent PERSON consultation DATE_TIME with possible temporal artery bx DATE_TIME, even though patient has been on prednisone 60 mg since DATE_TIME PERSON will see patient at DATE_TIME PERSON, md, phd", "gpt4_summary": "New patient, 79 y/o female with history of Raynauds and limited scleroderma. Recently diagnosed with bilateral Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO). On 60mg of prednisone. Advised to continue steroids and consult a neuro-ophthalmologist. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07471", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07471.jpg", "filename": "data_07471.npz", "report": "The patient has cataracts and macular pucker in both eyes, with macular pucker more severe in the left eye. Glaucoma is suspected in both eyes.", "age": 85.26, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "imp: cataract ou macular pucker os>od glaucoma suspect ou (abn hvf/oct today; iop elevation; cupping os>od; 562/550 pvd ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses retina and glaucoma consultations", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has cataracts and macular pucker in both eyes, with macular pucker more severe in the left eye. Glaucoma is suspected in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07472", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07472.jpg", "filename": "data_07472.npz", "report": "The patient is a 37 y.o. female, suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, but shows no thinning in the retinal nerve layer and has full visual fields. No treatment initiated.", "age": 37.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 / 21 central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: c35f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: father steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: gestational diabetes assessment/plan: 37 y.o. female # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - iop acceptable ou - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, cct, dilate, oct, disc photos PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 37 y.o. female, suspected of having glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio in both eyes, but shows no thinning in the retinal nerve layer and has full visual fields. No treatment initiated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07473", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07473.jpg", "filename": "data_07473.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma on OS with notable family history. Post-dilation IOP was 18/19. Diurnal IOP varies between 8-14mm Hg. OCT shows superior progression and likely VF worsening. Also has breast cancer and dry eyes.", "age": 73.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. primary open angle glaucoma os moderate stage (good correlation between vf and structure os) intraocular pressure (iop) PERSON mid teens post PERSON cct DATE_TIME. post dilation iop was 18/19. + family history of glaucoma.. diurnal iop varies between 8-12 mm hg os and 9-14 od. oct concern from superior progression os DATE_TIME. likely vf worsening os DATE_TIME, stable since . glaucoma procedures: od: lpi to treat narrow angle component os: lpi to treat narrow angle component target <10 mm hg ou 2. breast ca on anti estrogen therapy (NRP). 3. s/PERSON. dry eye syndrome - xiidra not helping that much plan iop near target but vf os is confirmed worse DATE_TIME ; as is DATE_TIME need iop < 10 discussion re options with patient ; avoid timolol given dry eye add ltn nightly ou, rba discussed rtc 2 PERSON check may need to change to pf drops", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate stage primary open-angle glaucoma on OS with notable family history. Post-dilation IOP was 18/19. Diurnal IOP varies between 8-14mm Hg. OCT shows superior progression and likely VF worsening. Also has breast cancer and dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07474", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07474.jpg", "filename": "data_07474.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of cupping and borderline glaucoma in right eye without elevated intraocular pressure. Stable testing, full visual field, dry eyes. Plan: glasses, artificial tears.\n", "age": 72.26, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping od>os, susp for glaucoma, but no iop elevation; testing stable, hvf full ou, oct avg borderline od. nuclear sclerosis ou - asymptomatic pvd ou dry ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses art tears ;prn yrly, hvf and oct m PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of cupping and borderline glaucoma in right eye without elevated intraocular pressure. Stable testing, full visual field, dry eyes. Plan: glasses, artificial tears.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07475", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07475.jpg", "filename": "data_07475.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataracts, no glaucoma symptoms but is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma, normal eye pressure and open angles. Stable condition.", "age": 77.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "1) refractive: very mild change -keep old glasses for now 2) cataracts: mild with no symptoms -follow 3) glaucoma suspect (increased cup/disc od): pressures are normal, no family history; gonio is open ou, pachymetry is fine, optical coherence tomography shows cupping but no nerve fiber layer thinning - stable; the field test DATE_TIME is non-specific ou. probably just physiologic cupping? -return yearly for repeat visual field testing, optical coherence tomography and dilation -probably can stop testing in DATE_TIME dfe: 11/20 vf: DATE_TIME gonio: 11/18 tmax: 14, 14 cct: 545, 540 fhx: no", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataracts, no glaucoma symptoms but is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio. No family history of glaucoma, normal eye pressure and open angles. Stable condition.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07476", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07476.jpg", "filename": "data_07476.npz", "report": "Patient shows no retinal tears/detachment, mild dermatochalasis, and rosacea on cheeks. They have a choroidal nevus OD with a small chance of progressing to melanoma. Glaucoma is suspected.", "age": 66.09, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "shows no retinal tears/detachment. ?- retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows. - rtc urgently for any of the above signs # dermatochalasis - mild dermatochalasis ou, not symptomatic at this time - observe, consider eye plastics service evaluation in future if symptomatic # choroidal nevus od - nevus od, flat - discussed small chance of progression to melanoma - recommend DATE_TIME exam - will get photos DATE_TIME # rosacea of cheeks and pigmented/raised lesion itching in right ear - recommend follow-up with dermatologist, to be scheduled by patient rtc DATE_TIME or sooner prn with hvf, rnfl oct (cirrus), disc and macula photos ou for glaucoma suspect and nevus od ?PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows no retinal tears/detachment, mild dermatochalasis, and rosacea on cheeks. They have a choroidal nevus OD with a small chance of progressing to melanoma. Glaucoma is suspected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07477", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07477.jpg", "filename": "data_07477.npz", "report": "Patient has type 2 diabetes with high A1C levels. Glaucoma is suspected due to DM2, with normal intraocular pressure but slightly thin superior OS. Also has cataracts, hyperopia, and astigmatism.", "age": 60.42, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "type 2 dm no bdr seen on exam. strict blood sugar control, cholesterol and bp encouraged. a1c is too high. spoke to patient in detail about this. recommend DATE_TIME eye exams. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. glaucoma suspect risks include dm2, race, c/d asym iop is normal, PERSON is oct rnfl is normal od, slightly thin superiorly os. watch os. hvf: unreliable, per testing tech note, pt had trouble and was falling asleep... cataract, not visually significant hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia new rx given to pt. continue to observe cataracts. mgd ou artificial tears as needed follow up in DATE_TIME for repeat hvf 24-2 and a gonio. can tape lids.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has type 2 diabetes with high A1C levels. Glaucoma is suspected due to DM2, with normal intraocular pressure but slightly thin superior OS. Also has cataracts, hyperopia, and astigmatism.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07478", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07478.jpg", "filename": "data_07478.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of anterior uveitis and potential glaucoma. Exhibits signs including eye cupping, borderline intraocular pressure, thinning retina, but stable vision field. Regular follow-ups planned.", "age": 51.21, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: previous ant uveitis os cupping and borderline iop; susp for glaucoma av cct, borderline sup rnfl thinning os--stable hvf unremarkable angles open by gonio refr error plan: rx=m yrly with hvf and oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of anterior uveitis and potential glaucoma. Exhibits signs including eye cupping, borderline intraocular pressure, thinning retina, but stable vision field. Regular follow-ups planned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07479", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07479.jpg", "filename": "data_07479.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and has been treated with latanoprost and brimonidine. Current IOP control is inadequate, so a glaucoma consultation is recommended. The patient also has Alzheimer's and a new superior brvo in the left eye.", "age": 93.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1. s/p phaco/pciol os + pxf DATE_TIME doing well 2. pxfg ou, on LOCATION x DATE_TIME, now on latanoprost ou qhs and brimonidine ou bid on cupping od>od, we proceeded with st bgi os on DATE_TIME. she has a prior trab superiorly that is scarred however superotemporal quadrant appears amenable to surgery. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given worsening myopic shift od and iop above goal od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf 24-2 size iii os (with extra coaching, tape mask and use artificial tears DATE_TIME before test), and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if progression confirmed os in future (i find it hard to believe that the change is real given iop of DATE_TIME mmhg), consider pf timolol bid ou (from bid od). the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has progressed glaucoma, evidenced by a 24-2 HVF test. Surgery has been performed on the left eye, and another on the right eye for worsening myopic shift. The patient is monitored regularly.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07482", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07482.jpg", "filename": "data_07482.npz", "report": "The clinical note refers to a 44-year-old, diabetic male suspected of glaucoma due to a c/d ratio, with a family history of the condition in his paternal grandmother. His IOP is controlled by an external agent. No signs of retinopathy were noted.", "age": 44.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "44 y.o. male with dm #glaucoma suspect - based on c/d ratio -started on iop lowering agent by outside provider: no records available -fam hx - paternal grandmother -tcurrent 16/16 -cct DATE_TIME: open ou DATE_TIME -hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME: rather reliable ou with nonspecific defects, LOCATION DATE_TIME od nonspecific defects os nonspecific superior defects DATE_TIME ou full DATE_TIME od full os full -oct rnfl od: superior thinning, os: normal DATE_TIME od stable thinning os normal DATE_TIME od stable borderline thinning superiorly os nl DATE_TIME od stable borderline thinning sup os PERSON -likely represents physiologic discs (NRP) > observe #type ii dm - not on insulin -a1c 7.4 DATE_TIME, due for DATE_TIME -no signs of retinopathy stable exam fu 1year, mrx dilate", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note refers to a 44-year-old, diabetic male suspected of glaucoma due to a c/d ratio, with a family history of the condition in his paternal grandmother. His IOP is controlled by an external agent. No signs of retinopathy were noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07483", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07483.jpg", "filename": "data_07483.npz", "report": "85 yo woman with history of multiple conditions has amblyopia OS. Vision limited OS by amblyopia. She has excellent intraocular pressure but has thin corneas. OD has superior and inferior rim losses. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 85.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "85 yo woman with history of hyperlipidemia, osteopenia, mild anxiety, on aggrenox s/p tia DATE_TIME, gerd, dealing with l knee arthritis (using walker now) has had 2 falls backward at home DATE_TIME: no clear ppt, no loc, unclear etiology. notes no visual changes \u00ff\u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) -vision limited os by amblyopia. present (but blunted) fr -watch pco os>od (remains out of axis ou, LOCATION) \u00ff\u00ff 2. amblyopia os with long-standing intermittent diplopia -diplopia quickly clears with blink. doesn't drive, functioning ok >> updated mrx DATE_TIME in polycarbonates, declines DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 3. PERSON, was on txe od s/p lpi ou DATE_TIME tmax 30/22 (DATE_TIME). cct 514/526 (thin). no fhx iop remains excellent off LOCATION, continue to watch 2nd hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME (PERSON): od superior and inferior rim losses, improved from DATE_TIME os superior PERSON, improved from DATE_TIME 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od cloverleaf appearance. os inferior rim and superotemporal losses DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: oct DATE_TIME: od i and t thinning. os i and t thinning, sl worse than DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: od i and t thinning. os inferior thinning. >> DATE_TIME: will repeat hvf (PERSON for significant brow ptosis and dermatochalasis os>od \u00ff\u00ff 4. des with mgd: continue at (pf if PERSON) \u00ff\u00ff 5. dermatochalasis os>od with l brow ptosis - likely affecting superior field, but remains asymptomatic \u00ff\u00ff 6. hx focal delle od -unclear etiology, no history of ct disease. reports she was very sick with l upper arm spider bite >> resolved with PERSON DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "85 yo woman with history of multiple conditions has amblyopia OS. Vision limited OS by amblyopia. She has excellent intraocular pressure but has thin corneas. OD has superior and inferior rim losses. No signs of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07484", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07484.jpg", "filename": "data_07484.npz", "report": "The patient underwent a phaco/ecp procedure due to visually significant cataract and new disc hemorrhage. The note hints at potential glaucoma.", "age": 62.92, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient on DATE_TIME: patient is very interested in pursuing phaco/ecp od first. i think she'd be a great candidate for this procedure. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: we proceeded with phaco/ecp/PERSON on DATE_TIME given visually significant cataract od and new disc hemorrhage od. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given patient amenable and good response od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb os on DATE_TIME. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent a phaco/ecp procedure due to visually significant cataract and new disc hemorrhage. The note hints at potential glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07485", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07485.jpg", "filename": "data_07485.npz", "report": "The patient has papilledema, more severe in left eye than right, and secondary intracranial hypertension possibly due to SLE or prednisone withdrawal. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 33.64, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. papilledema os>od 2. secondary intracranial hypertension, related to sle or to prednisone withdrawal recommendations: 1. acetazolamide 500 mg bid 2. discuss lp and prednisone with dr. ritter it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? ? ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has papilledema, more severe in left eye than right, and secondary intracranial hypertension possibly due to SLE or prednisone withdrawal. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07486", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07486.jpg", "filename": "data_07486.npz", "report": "The patient is taking various medications including biotin, calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol, cyanocobalamin, levothyroxine, and Evista. They have conditions like actinic keratosis, seborrheic dermatitis, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis. No information about glaucoma is provided.", "age": 74.55, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "biotin 1 mg tablet (taking) take 1,000 mcg by mouth 3 (three) times a day. calcium carbonate 500 mg (200 mg elemental) chewable tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. cholecalciferol (vitamin d3) 2,000 unit capsule (taking) 1 oral daily anjali kumari DATE_TIME 2:52 am needs PERSON. metal med transfer process, from oncall anjali kumari DATE_TIME 2:51 am metal med transfer process, from oncall cyanocobalamin (vit b-12) 1000 mcg tablet (taking) take 100 mcg by mouth DATE_TIME. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 50 mcg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (50 mcg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON (evista) 60 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (60 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME actinic keratosis seborrheic dermatitis hypothyroidism seasonal allergic rhinitis squamous cell carcinoma history of ehrlichiosis healthcare maintenance impacted cerumen osteoporosis bilateral impacted cerumen results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking various medications including biotin, calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol, cyanocobalamin, levothyroxine, and Evista. They have conditions like actinic keratosis, seborrheic dermatitis, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis. No information about glaucoma is provided.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07487", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07487.jpg", "filename": "data_07487.npz", "report": "The patient, a female with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, URLb, gerd, sarcoidosis, cva fell in location, resulting in a right orbital fracture, but with no significant issues. Eye exam indicates optic disc cupping, excellent intraocular pressure, and a family history of glaucoma.", "age": 78.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "DATE_TIME. female with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, URLb, gerd, sarcoidosis, cva here for complete eye exam pseudophakia ou - stable - excellent bcva r orbital fracture - fell in LOCATION DATE_TIME - no double vision, no pain - mild enophthalmos (1-2mm) od but not cometically troublesome, stable > no surgical intervention per dr. PERSON, observe\u00ff optic disc cupping ou - iop excellent - + family hx - cct 532/529 - gonio open ou - hvf DATE_TIME od unreliable, inf defects vs rim artifact os unreliable, ?enlarged blind spot DATE_TIME od borderline reliable, nonspecific os borderline reliable, nonspecific - oct DATE_TIME od temp thinning os inf thinning DATE_TIME od wnl os sup thinning (extensive ppa) > hvf and oct do not correlate and hvf testing is unreliable. would observe this for now. repeat testing next visit family hx of amd - trace rpe changes on exam > healthy diet / lifestyle refractive error > defer new rx, no major change in rx fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, hvf, rnfl oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a female with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, URLb, gerd, sarcoidosis, cva fell in location, resulting in a right orbital fracture, but with no significant issues. Eye exam indicates optic disc cupping, excellent intraocular pressure, and a family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07488", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07488.jpg", "filename": "data_07488.npz", "report": "41-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect, using latanoprost 3-4 times weekly. Vision is stable. Also experiences occasional migraines. Additionally has astigmatism. Family history of glaucoma. At risk for glaucoma-related vision loss.", "age": 41.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "41 y.o. female presents for follow-up of glaucoma testing last visit with me: DATE_TIME last seen by dr. price DATE_TIME. PERSON: glaucoma suspect on latanoprost ou 3-4 x/week, on drops since DATE_TIME. pmhx: laryngopharyngeal reflux/chronic couch/raspy voice hpi DATE_TIME: *41 y.o. female pt arrived for continued eye care: glaucoma suspect assessment w/ hvf, iop, and oct. \u00ffpt reports stable vision since last exam. \u00ffpt reports occasional migraine with aura (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME of scintillating scotoma). \u00ff pt denies: pain, headache, changes in LOCATION, diplopia, scotoma, PERSON, and floaters. ocular hx: astigmatism ou glaucoma suspect ou ocular medications: latanoprost ou qhs, last gtt DATE_TIME assessment/plan: # glaucoma suspect versus poag - tc 30/28 off drops for DATE_TIME highest maybe 26 per patient, as low as 16 - cct - 549/557 normal to slightly thick - c/d - 0.45. 0.3 - family history - + in mother and mother's parents had glaucoma; patient's children are are glaucoma suspects~ - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - essentially full ou - last oct rnfl performed DATE_TIME - full ou - baseline fundus photos obtained - 2013/2014/12015 - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - DATE_TIME - has high iop even on therapy, but hvf 24-2 and oct rnfl are reassuring - DATE_TIME - iop elevated to 30/28, no signs of thinning on oct rnfl/field defects, discussed risk of glaucomatous optic neuropathy - offered latanoprost/pga, LOCATION, glaucoma referral - recheck in DATE_TIME with oct rnfl, then alternating hvf 24-2 # decreased vision - bcva 20/20, 20/20 - has significant cyl (ar shows 2.25d of cyl in refraction, question irregular astigmatism/amblyopia - observe rtc 4-6 months with oct rnfl/hvf 24-2, check va/iop ou PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "41-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect, using latanoprost 3-4 times weekly. Vision is stable. Also experiences occasional migraines. Additionally has astigmatism. Family history of glaucoma. At risk for glaucoma-related vision loss.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07489", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07489.jpg", "filename": "data_07489.npz", "report": "The patient is advised to continue using Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma. Non-adherence to medication is mentioned. Considering surgical options if condition worsens. Artificial tears are recommended.", "age": 63.36, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON ou. -continue rhopressa qhs od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal and/or further progression od, consider bgi od versus NRP gel stent od versus trial latanoprost qhs ou (knowing that blue irides may turn brown). i would prefer a surgical approach od if hvf/oct worsening confirmed given h/o non-adherence. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is advised to continue using Rhopressa eye drops for glaucoma. Non-adherence to medication is mentioned. Considering surgical options if condition worsens. Artificial tears are recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07490", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07490.jpg", "filename": "data_07490.npz", "report": "Patient originally presented with unexplained optic neuropathy in left eye, had signs of low tension glaucoma. New superior arcuate defect found in right eye, indicating low-tension glaucoma. Referred for further management.", "age": 81.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this originally presented to me with an unexplained optic neuropathy of the left eye, although i was suspicious of low tension glaucoma because i had found a splinter hemorrhage at the optic nerve head of the fellow eye. she returns DATE_TIME with similar (or perhaps slightly improved) visual field testing os, but a new superior arcuate defect in the right eye. thus, i believe that she has low low-tension glaucoma. her optic rnfl thickness in DATE_TIME showed superior and inferior thinning ou. however, there is no corresponding thinning on fundus examination of her optic discs. she has no family history of glaucoma. nevertheless, given the high suspicion of low-tension glaucoma, i will refer her to glaucoma for further management.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient originally presented with unexplained optic neuropathy in left eye, had signs of low tension glaucoma. New superior arcuate defect found in right eye, indicating low-tension glaucoma. Referred for further management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07491", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07491.jpg", "filename": "data_07491.npz", "report": "56 yo WM has high myopia; referred for glaucoma evaluation. Complaints of vision difficulty OD. Strong family history of glaucoma, no prior diagnoses or high IOP. Findings: severe POAG OD, mild OS. Current treatment improves IOP. Also early cataracts, high myopia.\n", "age": 56.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "56 yo WM, high myope, referred by Dr. PERSON for evaluation of glaucoma. Patient c/o difficulty wtih vision OD, noted in the last year. Has been followed annualy for myopia by optometry, was never told to have glaucoma, until Dr.PERSON exam. no h/o of high IOP per pt. Has strong FH of glaucoma. No h/o trauma, mild occasional steroid use (topical creams) Has h/o low/normal BP, no asthma or sulfa allergies. 1. POAG vs PXFG OU, assymetric; OD - severe stage, OS- mild. - T max unknown, today 21/15 (by MD) without treatment - T max 24/21; thin Ks 500/508 - IOP goal OD below 12, OS below 18 - no signs of PDS or trauma or juvenile glaucoma on exam, no recession on gonio, but hyperpigmentation with pupillary border atrophy - OCT RNFL and HVF 8/2016, stable but approaching fixation, IOP improved on current regiment, will CSM. - OS stable testing, WNL, observe PLAN: cont Cosopt BID OD only, Latanoprost QHS OD only RTC: 5-6 months IOP only Longwood 2. early cataracts OU, not visually significant - observe 3. High Myopia OU, CTL wearer; PVD OD - stable DFE 8/2016 - no signs of PDS on endothelium or in AC cc. Dr PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "56 yo WM has high myopia; referred for glaucoma evaluation. Complaints of vision difficulty OD. Strong family history of glaucoma, no prior diagnoses or high IOP. Findings: severe POAG OD, mild OS. Current treatment improves IOP. Also early cataracts, high myopia.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07492", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07492.jpg", "filename": "data_07492.npz", "report": "Patient on clotrimazole-betamethasone cream, lamotrigine, olanzapine, scopolamine, sumatriptan, and pyridoxine. Ordered optic nerve and disc photos, Humphrey visual field for glaucoma. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder, posterior vitreous detachment.", "age": 54.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME. clotrimazole-betamethasone (lotrisone) cream apply 1 application topically 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME 12:53 am metal med transfer process lamotrigine (lamictal) 100 mg tablet take 3 tablets (300 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. olanzapine (zyprexa) 2.5 mg tablet take 2.5 mg by mouth nightly as needed (anxiety, agitation). PERSON (PERSON) 4 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth 3 (three) times a day. prn nausea. PERSON DATE_TIME 12:53 am metal med transfer process pyridoxine (b-6) 100 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. kedar surve DATE_TIME 12:53 am metal med transfer process scopolamine (transderm-scop) 1.5 mg (1 mg over DATE_TIME) place 1 patch onto the skin every third day. for sea sickness. apply one patch DATE_TIME before boat travel and continue applying a new patch q72h until DATE_TIME after disembarking. PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME med transfer process kedar surve DATE_TIME 12:53 am needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. sumatriptan (NRP) 25 mg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth once. prn migraine, may repeat q2h, max 4 pills/d. kedar surve DATE_TIME 12:53 am metal med transfer process your orders future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME optic disc photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME bipolar disorder mantoux: positive posterior vitreous detachment of left eye migraine results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on clotrimazole-betamethasone cream, lamotrigine, olanzapine, scopolamine, sumatriptan, and pyridoxine. Ordered optic nerve and disc photos, Humphrey visual field for glaucoma. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder, posterior vitreous detachment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07493", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07493.jpg", "filename": "data_07493.npz", "report": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye (OD) and early glaucoma in left eye (OS) with elevated IOP. Patient has family history of glaucoma. Latanoprost used to manage condition.", "age": 83.24, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "\u00ff 1. Severe glaucoma OD, early OS - suspect on intake based on increased C/D ratio, IOP elevation and history of treatment and elevated IOP in past - Tmax - high , unknown how high but used drops in the past briefly - CCT - 603/625 - thick - Family history - her daughter had glaucoma since childhood, child's father also has Hx of glaucoma - HVF 8/17 dense superior and inferior arcuate OD, peripheral constriction OS (? Cloverleaf, much worse than recent prior test) -OCT RNFL 8/17 - S/I/N thinning OD, borderline thinning OS - IOP goal low teens OD, high teens OS - IOP 22/16 after startigg latanoprost - discussed laser vs drops, pt wishes to continue with drops -cont latanoprost qhs OU, add cosopt BID OD \u00ff 2. Pseudophakia - s/p YAG OU - observe \u00ff RTC 2 months IOP check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe glaucoma in right eye (OD) and early glaucoma in left eye (OS) with elevated IOP. Patient has family history of glaucoma. Latanoprost used to manage condition.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07494", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07494.jpg", "filename": "data_07494.npz", "report": "Patient, 53, evaluated for glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma, asthma, low bp, or hypothyroidism. Suspected low tension glaucoma without treatment, will monitor. Also myopic with stable condition and no changes to vision. Bilateral blepharoplasty successful.", "age": 54.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "53 PERSON referred by PERSON for glaucoma eval due to increased c/d ratio. no fh of glaucoma, no significant trauma, has occasional steroid inhalor use for allergies, no h/o asthma. no h/o low bp, vascular insufficiency or hypothyroidism. no fh of glaucoma. 1. low tension glaucoma suspect ou vs physiologic myopic discs - t max unknown, but per pt 'was never high' - iop is low teens without LOCATION - thin cct 505/523 (no h/o PERSON) - hvf and PERSON for DATE_TIME, large on with mild inferior thinnig os>od nature of the disease, visual prognosis and management options discussed in detailes, she voiced understanding. - will observe for now without treatment, will repeat testing DATE_TIME, if stable, DATE_TIME after that. advised to bring prior records for the next visit. rtc 1 year with hvf and dilate ou, gonio ou or sooner if new compliants plan: observe without rx 2. myopia ou - ok with current glasses - dfe DATE_TIME stable, no holes or tears noted 3. PERSON b/l blepharoplasty, happy with results - management per dr. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 53, evaluated for glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio. No family history of glaucoma, asthma, low bp, or hypothyroidism. Suspected low tension glaucoma without treatment, will monitor. Also myopic with stable condition and no changes to vision. Bilateral blepharoplasty successful.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07495", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07495.jpg", "filename": "data_07495.npz", "report": "Increased incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) noted after cataract surgery. Patient advised on the potential risks. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 80.16, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "reported an increased incidence of this pathology within DATE_TIME of a cataract surgery. this suggests that there could be a causal relashionship between the two, although the pathophysiology remains uncertain. from my perspective, i only consider the cataract-associated risk to be potentially relevant within DATE_TIME or so of surgery. notably, there also seems to be an increased incidence after cataract surgery were to be performed in the contralateral eye. in this context, i explained to the patient that he should take this into account before having surgery in his left eye. i explained to the patient that naion that occurs in association with cataract surgery can/does occur even when the surgery was performed well from a technical standpoint and there were no untoward events. this fact speaks to our lack of knowledge about the cause of naion or the impact of pressure reduction or other factors that occur naturally during eye surgery. i also suggested him to avoid taking his hypotensive medication at DATE_TIME and avoid using phosphodiesterase inhibitors. i will see him again in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. naion od 2 .pseudophakia od 3. dry amd ou recommendations: 1. follow-up with dr. PERSON for DATE_TIME eye exams 2. follow-up with neuro-ophthalmology prn 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of liza cohen md, pgy-3. *PERSON PERSON, incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with cataract extraction, ophthalmology DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Increased incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) noted after cataract surgery. Patient advised on the potential risks. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07496", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07496.jpg", "filename": "data_07496.npz", "report": "50-year-old man had a corneal scar due to corneal laceration. He's a glaucoma suspect from optic nerve cupping but has normal intraocular pressure with no significant family history or steroid use. Glasses updated.", "age": 50.81, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "50 y.o. man here for eye exam # corneal scar with hx corneal laceration os - partial thickness. - sustained DATE_TIME from cutting pine - healed well, noticing some light sensitivity but not very bothered # glaucoma suspect - from optic nerve cupping ou - no sig fhx - no steroid use - normal iop - cd 0.7 ou - hvf DATE_TIME - full DATE_TIME oct DATE_TIME - full DATE_TIME - wnl ou DATE_TIME 87/86 - wnl ou, stable - cct DATE_TIME: 577/ 586 - disc photos DATE_TIME , stable compared to DATE_TIME > low risk, observe #refractive error - noticing glare from oncoming headlights > updated glasses prescription given for driving fu 1year, mrx dilate", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old man had a corneal scar due to corneal laceration. He's a glaucoma suspect from optic nerve cupping but has normal intraocular pressure with no significant family history or steroid use. Glasses updated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07497", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07497.jpg", "filename": "data_07497.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with nasal thinning in the eye and potential slight mild progression in left eye. Mild blepharitis was detected, possible pre-perimetric glaucoma.", "age": 30.46, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME f 1. glaucoma suspect - followed for DATE_TIME as glaucoma suspect at kaiser then mit - cupping ou - low iop - describes normal hvf in DATE_TIME rnfl: nasal thinning ou, ? mild progression os but poor signal - hvf: od: reliable and full, os: reliable and full (+0.04, -1.17) 2. PERSON ou - no eczematous changes DATE_TIME - mild blepharitis DATE_TIME > at and warm compresses 3. refr error - mild change ou - she is interested in refractive surgery in the future > new mrx i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. will need to repeat oct of rnfl ou to check for progression (to pre-perimetric glaucoma) --signal strength DATE_TIME was 6/10 ou (8/10 prev)", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with nasal thinning in the eye and potential slight mild progression in left eye. Mild blepharitis was detected, possible pre-perimetric glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07498", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07498.jpg", "filename": "data_07498.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated initially with a target IOP of 14. Some glaucoma medications caused side effects or didn't lower IOP. Additionally, the patient underwent cataract surgery and blepharoplasty.", "age": 69.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview open angle glaucoma, managed initially at ocb with target of 14. target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 564 / 551 refractive error: od . x / os . x optic nerve structure and function: mild visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer defects as of DATE_TIME. medications and intolerances: brimonidine - burning, betaxolol - no help, dorzolamide - burning, latanoprost - no help. procedures and complications: cataract extraction both eyes, laser capsulotomy left eye. bilateral blepharoplasty. LOCATION left eye (ocb) - no help (by hx) relevant history and problems: cva DATE_TIME. current assessment & plan drops have caused side effects or have not lowered iop. iop remains above target set at ocb (14). discussed observation vs another drop vs surgery. trial of LOCATION. relevant medications netarsudil-latanoprost 0.02-0.005 % drop other resolved: kidney stone overview nephrolithiasis resolved: abdominal pain", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated initially with a target IOP of 14. Some glaucoma medications caused side effects or didn't lower IOP. Additionally, the patient underwent cataract surgery and blepharoplasty.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07499", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07499.jpg", "filename": "data_07499.npz", "report": "The 44-year-old female patient has a history of contact lens-related keratopathy and ocular rosacea. She has myopia and mild c/d asymmetry od>os, but glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 44.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment and plan 44 y.o. female # h/o cl-related keratopathy od -resolved -doing better with more limited wear time # ocular rosacea / meibomian gland disease -h/o recurrent chalazia -on oral contraceptives, therefore no doxy -has not been requiring tobradex for flare ups >at qid prn >warm compresses / lid scrubs bid >omega-3 fatty acids >avenova bid # myopia >cont wrx, cl per dr. zar # mild c/d asymmetry od>os -famhx -possibly grandmother -healthy rim tissue -pachy: PERSON -oct nerve DATE_TIME: normal ou -disc photos DATE_TIME -hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou -low suspicion at this time >follow rtc 1 year: coe, hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "The 44-year-old female patient has a history of contact lens-related keratopathy and ocular rosacea. She has myopia and mild c/d asymmetry od>os, but glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07500", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07500.jpg", "filename": "data_07500.npz", "report": "51 y.o. patient has a history as a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged cupping but no family history of the disease. They are also newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes but show no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Yearly eye exams are emphasized.", "age": 51.64, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "51 y.o. new patient to me DATE_TIME presents for comprehensive eye exam. PERSON in DATE_TIME with dr. LOCATION. h/o glaucoma suspect ou 2/2 enlarged cupping. no fhx glaucoma. recently diagnosed with dm DATE_TIME \u00ff # type 2 diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.3 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes compared with lower hba1c levels. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized > yearly exams # glaucoma suspect ou - 2/2 enlarged cupping - intact neuroretinal rim tissue 360, (-)heme ou - iop 18 ou - no pds, pxf, or h/o trauma - cct 535/525 - hvf DATE_TIME nonspecific defects - DATE_TIME PERSON --stable compared to DATE_TIME \u00ff # convergence insufficiency ou - symptomatic at near but has been wearing otc readers which are not sufficient for her rx - mildly reduced npc - alt xt greater at near than distance \u00ff # myopia ou, astigmatism os, presbyopia ou DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. patient has a history as a glaucoma suspect due to enlarged cupping but no family history of the disease. They are also newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes but show no signs of diabetic retinopathy. Yearly eye exams are emphasized.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07501", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07501.jpg", "filename": "data_07501.npz", "report": "Patient has eye syndrome, stable blepharitis, and refractive error in both eyes. No glaucoma medications were noted. Intraocular pressure goals are set at \u226417mmhg for both eyes.", "age": 33.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 4. blepharitis, both eyes -stable. 5. refractive error, both eyes -stable. 6. social/systemic issues: referred by dr. PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 17 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on 02/23/22off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (neal patel, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has eye syndrome, stable blepharitis, and refractive error in both eyes. No glaucoma medications were noted. Intraocular pressure goals are set at \u226417mmhg for both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07502", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07502.jpg", "filename": "data_07502.npz", "report": "The patient presented for an eye health exam/cataract evaluation. He was previously told to have cataracts and reported glare while driving. He had a history of dm2, hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia. His ocular scan was normal, but he was considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.", "age": 77.86, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male presents for eye health exam/cataract evaluation DATE_TIME. wife is a pt of PERSON (cornea). pt previously seen at joslin a year ago and was told to have cataracts. poor dilation, denies LOCATION cataracts ou iolm done pt reports glare during DATE_TIME driving observe for now hyperopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou rx given, 1 line of vision boost, but pt understands he will still experience glare c/o some blurry vision h/o floaters and flashing occurred DATE_TIME, was checked for it pt reports no floaters or flashing lately h/o dm2 DATE_TIME oct mac scan normal ou discussed the importance of blood sugar control no bdr on exam hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: h/o dm2, high PERSON (corrected 20 od 23 os) PERSON +3 ou hvf 24-2 and oct rnfl/gcl next visit f/u in DATE_TIME for oct rnfl/gcl, LOCATION, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient presented for an eye health exam/cataract evaluation. He was previously told to have cataracts and reported glare while driving. He had a history of dm2, hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia. His ocular scan was normal, but he was considered a low suspicion glaucoma suspect.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07503", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07503.jpg", "filename": "data_07503.npz", "report": "Patient has meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis, mild cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, more noticeable optic cupping in left eye than right. No raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma noted.", "age": 69.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: mgd/blepharitis ou mild cataract ou pvd ou cupping os>od; no iop elev; hvf nonspecific defects ou, oct rnfl wnl ou plan: warm compr/art tears rd DATE_TIME disc rudnick pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis, mild cataract, posterior vitreous detachment, more noticeable optic cupping in left eye than right. No raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07504", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07504.jpg", "filename": "data_07504.npz", "report": "Patient on multiple eye medications including Durezol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine, Latanoprost for both eyes. Glaucoma surgery planned for left eye.", "age": 74.62, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "the following instruction is based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. please take the following medications for your eyes as instructed: right eye durezol (pink top) 4 x per day - per dr. PERSON start dorzolamide (orange top) 2 x per day continue preservative free artificial tears as needed left eye continue dorzolamide/timolol (dark blue top) 2 x per day continue brimonidine (purple top) 3 x per day continue latanoprost 1 (green top) x at DATE_TIME continue durezol (dark pink top) once every other day per dr. PERSON stop rhopressa continue preservative free artificial tears 4 x per day please wait DATE_TIME between eye drops. if you have additional questions regarding your eye medications, please call PHONE_NUMBER. based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, she is planning to do glaucoma surgery in the left eye. to keep the operating room a safe place, dr. PERSON is recommending you to be tested for the DATE_TIME virus within DATE_TIME before your surgery. her secretary will arrange for covid testing. her secretary's name is PERSON, and she will call you to schedule your procedure. if you don't hear from her in DATE_TIME, please call her at PHONE_NUMBER. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on multiple eye medications including Durezol, Dorzolamide, Brimonidine, Latanoprost for both eyes. Glaucoma surgery planned for left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07505", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07505.jpg", "filename": "data_07505.npz", "report": "The patient has been prescribed 25mg tablets and timolol eye drops for glaucoma. Other conditions: arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, anxiety, hypertension. No immunizations given.", "age": 64.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "tablet take 25 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. your orders future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus as directed DATE_TIME optic disc photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME arthritis hypercholesterolemia anxiety hypertensive disorder low tension glaucoma results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been prescribed 25mg tablets and timolol eye drops for glaucoma. Other conditions: arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, anxiety, hypertension. No immunizations given.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07506", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07506.jpg", "filename": "data_07506.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, bilateral cataracts, other conditions like hypertension, polycythemia vera, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia. Also reports chest, abdominal pain, and memory changes.", "age": 55.22, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medical center, infusion therapies DATE_TIME 11:00 am PERSON, PERSONtitution ambulatory practice of the future DATE_TIME PERSON, md; Institution neuro room 22 Institution sleep disorders unit PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME essential hypertension polycythemia vera chest pain primary open angle glaucoma bilateral cataracts prediabetes participant in health and wellness plan healthcare maintenance hypercholesterolemia memory change abdominal pain, right upper quadrant episodic headache overweight (bmi 25.0-29.9) dizziness and giddiness advance care planning results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, bilateral cataracts, other conditions like hypertension, polycythemia vera, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia. Also reports chest, abdominal pain, and memory changes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07507", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07507.jpg", "filename": "data_07507.npz", "report": "The patient has had successful phaco/IOL surgery, and blepharitis. There's been a mention of glaucoma, but no evidence found. Follow-up plan includes regular eye checks.", "age": 72.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: good result s/p phaco/iol ou no diabetic retinopathy blepharitis ou s/p slt ou by PERSON PERSON (told of glaucoma) --thick cct, normal hvf and oct--no evidence of glaucoma here refr error plan: rx=m one eyelash epilated DATE_TIME due to lash-k touch warm compr/art tears yrly repeat hvf and oct then", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has had successful phaco/IOL surgery, and blepharitis. There's been a mention of glaucoma, but no evidence found. Follow-up plan includes regular eye checks.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07508", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07508.jpg", "filename": "data_07508.npz", "report": "The patient has advanced primary open angle glaucoma, with a history of steroid response to durezol. Underwent multiple treatments, including laser surgery and injections. Presently on medications including timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and latanoprost.", "age": 51.49, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "attending's assessment and plan: \u00ff\u00ff - primary open angle glaucoma vs pigmentary (rare in aa), advanced, s/p laser ou in DATE_TIME in LOCATION. pt is from LOCATION, PERSON high teens. PERSON. hx of steroid response w durezol medication intolerance: none central corneal thickness: 555/ 530 \u00ffhvf received from PERSON, done in 2/2017. unchanged from 3/2017. \u00ff\u00ff s/p trab/ mmc in the left eye DATE_TIME (0.2% inj and 0.2% mmc sponge for 45 sec, 2 sutures), lsl x 2 on DATE_TIME, 5-fu #1 on DATE_TIME, lsl x 2 on DATE_TIME, 5-fu#2 DATE_TIME - minimal leak at the nasal limbus on pod1, healed. bleb scarred. elevated iop on DATE_TIME, steroid response from pred and durezol. \u00ff s/p cpc w micropulse in the left eye DATE_TIME (2000 mw, 90 sec sup and PERSON), mild residual postop inflammation, resolved s/p cpc diode in the right eye DATE_TIME (1900 mw, 180 sec) - doing well \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff goal PERSON around 10, os around 10 - at goal DATE_TIME. plan: - c/w timolol 0.5% ou bid, brimonidine 0.15% ou tid - c/w dorzolamide ou tid, latanoprost ou qhs - note to PERSON will monitor od w hvf 24-2 every 6 mo. will not monitor os w vf (poor response on 10-2). will use gcc for oct measurement of od. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop ou. - cataracts, nvs plan: monitor \u00ff\u00ff - systemic / social: pt is from LOCATION. pt not on blood thinners. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has advanced primary open angle glaucoma, with a history of steroid response to durezol. Underwent multiple treatments, including laser surgery and injections. Presently on medications including timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07509", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07509.jpg", "filename": "data_07509.npz", "report": "62 y.o. female presents for a comprehensive eye exam, follow-up as a glaucoma suspect. Has increased IOP, c/d asymmetry. Also suffers from dry eye syndrome, cataract, hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and allergic conjunctivitis.", "age": 62.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "62 y.o. female presents for an annual comprehensive eye exam and glaucoma suspect follow-up. since the last visit DATE_TIME things are stable. 1. glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry and increased iop today - iop - 25/21 - tmax - 25/25, on different days - cct - 594 od, 579 os - c/d - 0.35, 0.55 - gonio - open to cbb 360 ou DATE_TIME - family history - possibly mom - last hvf - normal ou DATE_TIME - last oct rnfl - normal ou DATE_TIME - fundus photos obtained DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - moderate risk suspect due to increased iop and c/d asymmetry, recommend close observation - will follow DATE_TIME with oct rnfl and hvf 24-2 2. dry eye syndrome - patient with symptomatic dry eye syndrome. discussed evaporative and aqueous deficiency dry eye. - discussed potential treatments including artificial tear supplements, blepharitis management, and potentialtreatments such as restasis or punctal plugs. - recommend artificial tears to both eyes 2-3 times a day or more frequently as needed 3. cataract, not visually significant ou 4. hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery. 5. allergic conjunctivitis - allergic conjunctivitis ou, particularly during fall, has used patanol in past - will start PERSON bid - can also use chilled artificial tears and cold compresses for symptom relief rtc DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 and oct rnfl, refract/dilate PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "62 y.o. female presents for a comprehensive eye exam, follow-up as a glaucoma suspect. Has increased IOP, c/d asymmetry. Also suffers from dry eye syndrome, cataract, hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia, and allergic conjunctivitis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07510", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07510.jpg", "filename": "data_07510.npz", "report": "The clinical note discusses a patient with a likely benign visual phenomenon and an unexpected visual field defect. It also mentions a history of cotton wool spots. No mentioning of glaucoma.", "age": 62.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dysfunction, i would simply repeat the study. i do not have a clear notion of the relevance of the earlier cotton wool spot that had been identified. a search for any new cotton wool spots will be conducted at future exams. diagnoses. 1. likely benign visual phenomenon 2. unexpected visual field defect in superior temporal side os not compatible to the area he reported to have his visual disturbance, ? signifiicance 3. history of cotton wool spot os, ? explanation recommendations. 1. oct, fundus exam to have for baseline 2. follow up in DATE_TIME and get another automated visual field PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests;); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. PERSON and armstrong. with respect to management, this patient has a potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health).", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note discusses a patient with a likely benign visual phenomenon and an unexpected visual field defect. It also mentions a history of cotton wool spots. No mentioning of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07511", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07511.jpg", "filename": "data_07511.npz", "report": "The patient is on latanoprost/Xalatan for both eyes once a night. They are asked to bring this note on the next visit, and are provided with contacts of the glaucoma department.", "age": 60.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency latanoprost/xalatan\u00f8 (PERSON) both eyes 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant at (617)-573 for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on latanoprost/Xalatan for both eyes once a night. They are asked to bring this note on the next visit, and are provided with contacts of the glaucoma department.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07512", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07512.jpg", "filename": "data_07512.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of anterior uveitis od and bilateral optic neuropathies, presumably related to uveitis. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 56.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "chest ct with her pcp. she will return to the excellent care of dr. PERSON and PERSON, and i am happy to see her again as needed. impression: 1. history of anterior uveitis od x 1, ? etiology 2. bilateral optic neuropathies, presumably related to #1 recommendations: 1. obtain LOCATION, fta-abs lab draw DATE_TIME. recommend ct chest 3. obtain mri brain/orbit images via disc for upload in our system and review 4. patient will follow with her neuro-ophthalmologist, PERSON PERSON, can return here prn note to be sent to dr. PERSON and dr. PERSON. this note was prepared with the assistance of makayla mccoskey, LOCATION pgy2 neuro-ophthalmology resident.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of anterior uveitis od and bilateral optic neuropathies, presumably related to uveitis. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07513", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07513.jpg", "filename": "data_07513.npz", "report": "Patient has ocular cupping but no glaucoma, with no elevation in intraocular pressure. Corneal thickness normal. Visual field and OCT show no changes. Presence of floaters.", "age": 52.56, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, unchanged x DATE_TIME; no iop elevation; cct 531/548; normal hvf ou DATE_TIME; oct unchanged floaters ou refr error plan: rx=m yrly", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ocular cupping but no glaucoma, with no elevation in intraocular pressure. Corneal thickness normal. Visual field and OCT show no changes. Presence of floaters.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07514", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07514.jpg", "filename": "data_07514.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma, retinal defects, tear and hole in right eye, eczema, hypertensive disorder, atrial flutter and fibrillation. Oct optic nerve test and optic disc photos to be conducted.", "age": 73.2, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc future labs/procedures complete by expires optic disc photos - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME eczema hypertensive disorder retinal tear of right eye medullary sponge kidney retinal defect glaucoma atrial flutter atrial fibrillation posterior vitreous detachment retinal hole of right eye s/p total knee replacement using cement vitreous syneresis of both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma, retinal defects, tear and hole in right eye, eczema, hypertensive disorder, atrial flutter and fibrillation. Oct optic nerve test and optic disc photos to be conducted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07515", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07515.jpg", "filename": "data_07515.npz", "report": "Patient has afferent dysfunction and papilledema despite medical therapy. Concerned about further vision loss. Surgical intervention discussed. Repeat lumbar puncture suggested for intracranial hypertension and to rule out other causes. Also, worsening anemia noted. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "age": 45.09, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "nasal step apparent in the right eye. the apparent progression of her afferent dysfunction despite intensive medical therapy raises concern for further vision loss from her papilledema, and merits consideration of surgical intervention, for which we discussed potential treatment options. in the interim, however, repeat lumbar puncture would be informative both to confirm continued intracranial hypertension (particularly in light of ms. PERSON's equivocal initial opening pressure) and to exclude an alternate csf inflammatory or infiltrative process. in addition, treatment of her worsening anemia may be of benefit in improving her treatment response to medical therapy. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has afferent dysfunction and papilledema despite medical therapy. Concerned about further vision loss. Surgical intervention discussed. Repeat lumbar puncture suggested for intracranial hypertension and to rule out other causes. Also, worsening anemia noted. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07516", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07516.jpg", "filename": "data_07516.npz", "report": "69 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Adjustments made to treatment by treating MD.", "age": 69.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "69 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Adjustments made to treatment by treating MD.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07517", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07517.jpg", "filename": "data_07517.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion and amblyopia. Recommended vision rehab, polycarbonate lenses, and consult with an ophthalmologist about legal blindness. No reference to glaucoma.", "age": 63.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "with which he has previously been diagnosed. he has had a stroke work-up elsewhere and has been started on appropriate therapy. i suggested he use polycarbonate lenses to protect the remaining vision he has, consult with his ophthalmologist re: the criteria for legal blindness in nh, and consider vision rehab. impressions: 1. central retinal artery occlusion with subtle cilioretinal sparing os 2. amblyopia od (subnormal va with intact colors, good pupil function, healthy nerve, normal visual field) recommendations 1. consider vision rehab 2. polycarbonate lenses 3. pt to discuss criteria for legal blindness in nh with his local ophthalmologist 4. no need for f/u here PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology if you have questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. sincerely, LOCATION a LOCATION, PERSON: PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion and amblyopia. Recommended vision rehab, polycarbonate lenses, and consult with an ophthalmologist about legal blindness. No reference to glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07518", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07518.jpg", "filename": "data_07518.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation, c/d asymmetry, and myopia. A laser peripheral iridotomy has been conducted, the angle approach is steep and pigmented. Intraocular pressure is within normal limits. The patient suffers from myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The patient has a history of a fingernail injury to one eye.", "age": 69.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "s/PERSON ou for narrow angles // glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation, c/d asym and myopia lpi done in LOCATION. safe to dilate, use t 0.5%. gonio steep approach 2-3+ pigmented tm ou onh nfl is PERSON ou. hvf 24-2 od wnl, unreliable os. iop is wnl, next visit re-do pachy due to only one eye being recorded by technician. myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia new rx given. bcva 20/20 20/15. warned of rd symptoms. uses multifocal cl. recommend trying monovision, od dominant. h/o fingernail injury to one eye (unsure which) observe. no trauma noted on exam. f/u in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct, ar/refract, hvf 24-2.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect due to increased pigmentation, c/d asymmetry, and myopia. A laser peripheral iridotomy has been conducted, the angle approach is steep and pigmented. Intraocular pressure is within normal limits. The patient suffers from myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The patient has a history of a fingernail injury to one eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07519", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07519.jpg", "filename": "data_07519.npz", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is excellent and they suffer from blepharitis, epiretinal membrane/high myopia, mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome, and myopic degeneration. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "age": 74.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "sleeping, fatigue) - DATE_TIME: iop excellent 12/13 on alphagan >> continue alphagan # blepharitis ou - warm compresses, lid hygiene with avenova \u00ff \u00ff # epiretinal membrane / PERSON followed by dr. PERSON \u00ff # high myopia ou > glasses rx given DATE_TIME DATE_TIME \u00ff # mixed mechanism des ou - complaining of tearing in the left eye - restasis bid ou - systane ou , increase to qid in os - start at ointment at DATE_TIME ou - continue warm compresses - plugs fell out. silicone plugs seems to fall out. will try absorbable ones. replace with ultraplug 0.4mm \u00ff \u00ff# myopic degeneration ou with lacquer cracks os - rd precautions - follow \u00ff social/systemic: allergic to sulfa; hearing loss; lives near LOCATION fu DATE_TIME, iop check, replace plugs i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is excellent and they suffer from blepharitis, epiretinal membrane/high myopia, mixed mechanism dry eye syndrome, and myopic degeneration. Glaucoma isn't mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07520", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07520.jpg", "filename": "data_07520.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes at an indeterminate stage. They're using Combigan, Azopt, and Rocklatan for treatment. Central corneal thickness is 526 and refractive error OD is -7.25 and OS is -7.75.", "age": 48.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit neuro and eent primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview open angle glaucoma, previously managed elsewhere - see scanned notes. target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 526 / 526 refractive error: od -7.25 . -0.50 x 045 / os -7.75 . -0.25 x 060 optic nerve structure and function: abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer both eyes, paracentral defect left eye (DATE_TIME) medications and intolerances: arrived on combigan, LOCATION, azopt procedures and complications: ltp x3(?) both eyes elsewhere. relevant history and problems: current assessment & plan continue azopt ou tid, Combigan OU BID, Rocklatan ou DATE_TIME may need lower pressure - get records from prior glaucoma surgeon (laser) and re-review notes from LOCATION. relevant medications brimonidine-timolol (combigan) 0.2-0.5 % ophthalmic solution netarsudil-latanoprost (LOCATION) 0.02-0.005 % drop PERSON (trusopt) 2 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc (completed) obstetrics and gynecology resolved: breast swelling overview breast swelling musculoskeletal resolved: scoliosis overview scoliosis dermatology resolved: acne overview acne other resolved: uncoded health review overview health review", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes at an indeterminate stage. They're using Combigan, Azopt, and Rocklatan for treatment. Central corneal thickness is 526 and refractive error OD is -7.25 and OS is -7.75.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07521", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07521.jpg", "filename": "data_07521.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, under treatment with Cosopt and Rhopressa. Blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol control encouraged. If intraocular pressure (IOP) escalates or affordability issues with Rhopressa occur, PGA or SLT to be considered.", "age": 71.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "qhs ou. -start cosopt bid ou (from bid os). -continue PERSON. -continue rhopressa qhs ou => sample given on DATE_TIME. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -follow up in DATE_TIME with iop check and hvf ou, sooner prn. patient willing to continue rhopressa for now; if iop escalates or progression or cannot afford rhopressa, consider pga versus slt. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, under treatment with Cosopt and Rhopressa. Blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol control encouraged. If intraocular pressure (IOP) escalates or affordability issues with Rhopressa occur, PGA or SLT to be considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07522", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07522.jpg", "filename": "data_07522.npz", "report": "Female patient, glaucoma suspect due to a history of optic nerve hemorrhage and normal nerve fiber layer. Monitored closely, low IOP and stable OCT. No need for eyedrops.", "age": 77.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female with h/o basal cell skin ca (right lower lid) s/p excision husband PERSON also my patient DATE_TIME comes from maine - glaucoma suspect ou based on h/o optic nerve hemorrhage od in DATE_TIME gdx of nerve in DATE_TIME showed 'reasonably normal nerve fiber layer'. was followed as a glaucoma suspect due to the hemorrhage patient reports she tends to have lower bp fam hx: tmax: 12/12 cct: 565/561 gonio : hvf DATE_TIME: od nonspecific scattered defects, os central defects DATE_TIME: od likely full, os 360 rim defects DATE_TIME: od likely full, os full DATE_TIME: od trace superior defect, os full rnfl DATE_TIME: od thin s borderline i, os thin i borderline n DATE_TIME: od thin s borderline i, os borderline si (stable from DATE_TIME) disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor closely off eyedrops as iop has been low and oct stable. repeat hvf in DATE_TIME (od aim -0.25 DATE_TIME, os aim -0.25 DATE_TIME) topical, temporal mild posterior capsular opacification od not visually significant >> observe f/up DATE_TIME with repeat hvf, no dilation, sooner prn ok with PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient, glaucoma suspect due to a history of optic nerve hemorrhage and normal nerve fiber layer. Monitored closely, low IOP and stable OCT. No need for eyedrops.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07523", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07523.jpg", "filename": "data_07523.npz", "report": "The 69-year-old female patient has pseudophakia, anomalous optic nerves, borderline diabetes without diabetic retinopathy, and ptosis and dermatochalasis. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 69.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "69 y.o. female assessment: 1. pseudophakia ou -s/p phaco/pciol od with PERSON hooks DATE_TIME ? -s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME stable, doing well 2. anomalous appearing optic nerves ou likely congenital hvf 8/10 showed non specific defects ou hvf 7/14 full ou hvf 5/16 with nasal depression os, unclear significance hvf 5/17: essentially stable os, dp done 5/16, essentially stable compared with baseline 3. borderline diabetes last a1c 6.6 no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged 4. ptosis and dermatochalasis s/p bleph (fay) states she is unhappy with experience, happy with surgical result plan: disc photos DATE_TIME. recommend follow up with neuro-oph at next available appointment. f/u here in DATE_TIME, sooner prn. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON.", "gpt4_summary": "The 69-year-old female patient has pseudophakia, anomalous optic nerves, borderline diabetes without diabetic retinopathy, and ptosis and dermatochalasis. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07524", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07524.jpg", "filename": "data_07524.npz", "report": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, stable disc edema, fluctuating visual field defects, multiple headache types, chronic sinusitis, and is suspected to have sleep apnea. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 40.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "recommended to increase topamax to 150 mg DATE_TIME (50 mg qam and 100 mg qpm) and try over the counter zyrtec for sinus headaches. she should continue her efforts in losing weight. \u00ff impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension, stable 2. stable disc edema due to #1 3. fluctuating visual field defects ou 4. multiple headache types likely unrelated to #1 5. chronic sinusitis 6. DATE_TIME somnolence with concern for osa \u00ff plan: 1. oct and fundus photos DATE_TIME. headache neurology referral 3. ent referral given chronic sinusitis 4. sleep medicine referral to evaluate for osa 5. continue topamax total of 150 mg daily & zyrtec for allergies 6. reviewed the importance of weight loss to iih 7. return to clinic in DATE_TIME or sooner if new visual concerns arise this note was written with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has idiopathic intracranial hypertension, stable disc edema, fluctuating visual field defects, multiple headache types, chronic sinusitis, and is suspected to have sleep apnea. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07525", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07525.jpg", "filename": "data_07525.npz", "report": "73 yo with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prostate cancer & seizures. Has increased cup to disc (c/d), stable intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT) & HVF, suggesting glaucoma. Also has cataracts.", "age": 73.53, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "73 yo retired INSTITUTION maintenance mechanic with history of htn, hyperlipidemia, prostate ca 11/07 (on flomax since), s/p surgical resection of falcine and r parasaggital grade ii meningioma DATE_TIME, maintained on keppra since generalized tonic clonic seizure DATE_TIME lee DATE_TIME \u00ff 1. incr c/d ou tmax 21/20. cct 583/612 (DATE_TIME). ?PERSON (mother deceased, wore glasses) angles open ou DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, full. os full hvf DATE_TIME: fixation losses od, full ou hvf DATE_TIME: fixation losses ou, full ou. 1st sita-swap DATE_TIME: od enlarged blind spot (but 8/11 fixation losses). PERSON. hvf DATE_TIME: fixation losses ou (dilated). full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou oct DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou, stable. DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou, stable. borderline superior thinning od, new DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou, stable oct DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou, stable DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou oct DATE_TIME: od temporal thinning, new borderline inferior thinning. os temporal thinning, stable DATE_TIME: temporal thinning ou hrt DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable iop stable, oct and hvf stable. will follow \u00ff 2. cataracts ou -feels vision is blurrier ou for distance and near -requested updated mrx DATE_TIME/18\u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "73 yo with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prostate cancer & seizures. Has increased cup to disc (c/d), stable intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT) & HVF, suggesting glaucoma. Also has cataracts.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07526", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07526.jpg", "filename": "data_07526.npz", "report": "Patient has refractive error, stable dry eye syndrome, starting cataracts, enlarged cup/disc ratios with normal pressure and signs of pseudoexfoliation. No family history of glaucoma but thinner optic nerves evident. Choroidal nevus is stable.", "age": 60.44, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. refractive error/presbyopia: stable 2. dry eye syndrome: doing well; s/p failure of restasis; PERSON/blepharitis; since irritation is less, now rarely uses preservative-free systane bid ou; pt performing warm compresses/lid hygiene 2x/day with good results; decreased tear break-up time ou and decreased shirmers ou; punctal plugs lower lids ou have fallen out quickly x 2. more bothered by the redness than anything and zaditor has helped that. - cont flax seed oil po - warm compresses bid x DATE_TIME tears 4-6x/day - cont zaditor 3. incipient cataracts ou: observe, not visually significant at this point 4. enlarged cup/disc ratios, both eyes: negative family history of glaucoma, pressures normal; there is some mild pseudoexfoliation od. PERSON coherence tomography DATE_TIME shows thinning ou, probably stable DATE_TIME. the pachymetry is thick. visual fields are more reliable DATE_TIME and more reassuring. -repeat visual fields and DATE_TIME with dilation dfe: 6/20 hvf: 6/20 oct: 6/20 gonio: 4/19 tmax: 16, 16 cct: 646, 637 fhx: no 5. chroidal nevus os: flat, stable - follow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has refractive error, stable dry eye syndrome, starting cataracts, enlarged cup/disc ratios with normal pressure and signs of pseudoexfoliation. No family history of glaucoma but thinner optic nerves evident. Choroidal nevus is stable.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07527", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07527.jpg", "filename": "data_07527.npz", "report": "63 y.o. non-hispanic white female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Scheduled follow-up with Dr. PERSON, and rtc to glaucoma services.", "age": 63.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "a 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. follow-up with dr. PERSON as scheduled rtc to glaucoma service dr. PERSON in LOCATION or dr. LOCATION/boland in LOCATION in DATE_TIME rtc to me prn PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. non-hispanic white female, no diagnosis of glaucoma. Scheduled follow-up with Dr. PERSON, and rtc to glaucoma services.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07528", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07528.jpg", "filename": "data_07528.npz", "report": "The patient was prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma but it ran out before refill. Sleep apnea and nocturnal hypotension were discussed as they potentially contribute to normal-tension glaucoma.", "age": 55.19, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "noted os at DATE_TIME appointment with dr. PERSON, now resolved. -restart brimonidine bid os => written as tid on DATE_TIME since patient runs out before he is allowed a refill. -discussed nocturnal hypotension and sleep apnea in DATE_TIME => should get checked for sleep apnea as patient snores and sleep apnea that can contribute to normal-tension glaucoma. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was prescribed brimonidine for glaucoma but it ran out before refill. Sleep apnea and nocturnal hypotension were discussed as they potentially contribute to normal-tension glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07529", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07529.jpg", "filename": "data_07529.npz", "report": "73 y.o. female with ocular hypertension, suspect glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio. No glaucoma medication intolerances. IOP high, visual fields full. Family history of glaucoma. No thinning noted in retinal nerve fiber layer.", "age": 73.71, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 29 / 32.7 central corneal thickness: 515 / 532 corneal hysteresis: 9.6 / 9.9, 10.2 / 9.1 gonioscopy: d40f tr ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning, but less robust overall than os retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: many people in mother's side blind from glaucoma steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 73 y.o. female # ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - s/p phaco/hydrus os (DATE_TIME) - DATE_TIME, previously thought to have narrow angles, but ac deep and gonioscopy suggests open angle with very faintly pigmented tm - iop too high ou, vf and oct stable - make latanoprost qhs ou (add os), continue dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # cataract, right eye - approaching visual significance, issues with glare/halo but acuity remains preserved and managing well, monitor for now - biometry obtained DATE_TIME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, left eye - with hydrus DATE_TIME as above - has nasal corectopia from hydrus iris contact, no active inflammation, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "73 y.o. female with ocular hypertension, suspect glaucoma due to cup to disc ratio. No glaucoma medication intolerances. IOP high, visual fields full. Family history of glaucoma. No thinning noted in retinal nerve fiber layer.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07530", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07530.jpg", "filename": "data_07530.npz", "report": "The patient is prescribed Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution for use twice a day. Orders placed include visual field and optic nerve tests. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 59.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "155 center street, pembroke PERSON telephone: PHONE_NUMBER fax: PHONE_NUMBER hours: e-prescribed (1 of 1) timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 10 ml refills: 11 your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME to be determined PERSON, rn partners healthcare at home DATE_TIME to be determined PERSON, rn partners healthcare at home DATE_TIME tamara PERSON, PERSON and women's hospital, department of neurology 617-525-6550 DATE_TIME DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSONtitution comprehensive oph main campus PHONE_NUMBER orders placed this visit automated visual field, extended - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; onh cube condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder hyperlipidemia hepatic lesion results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prescribed Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution for use twice a day. Orders placed include visual field and optic nerve tests. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07531", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07531.jpg", "filename": "data_07531.npz", "report": "Patient has hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia but no hemorrhages noted. Shows signs of glaucoma with more cupping in right eye but normal vision field. Also has nuclear sclerosis.", "age": 68.97, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia -- no hemorrhages; focal lower lid hemangiomas cupping od>os, but nl hvf and DATE_TIME; low iop nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses yrly; repeat hvf and oct then", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia but no hemorrhages noted. Shows signs of glaucoma with more cupping in right eye but normal vision field. Also has nuclear sclerosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07532", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07532.jpg", "filename": "data_07532.npz", "report": "The patient is a female with a history of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, asthma, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. They previously had a choroidal lesion in the eye which needs monitoring. The patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to potential risks given her age, race and other health factors. The patient also has mild hyperopia, presbyopia, cataracts, and dry eyes.", "age": 61.84, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON m PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female with t2dm, asthma, htn, hld choroidal lesion os previously seen at tufts, patient recalls being told about lesion ~2014 pigmented choroidal lesion in far temporal periphery with slight elevation seen by retina in DATE_TIME and at that time referred to ocular oncology for exam and b scan- but no appointment was made refer to ocular oncology DATE_TIME for monitoring recommend obtaining hard-copy records from tufts to bring to that visit glaucoma suspect risks include race, age, dm, PERSON, tcorr -1, DATE_TIME rnfl thin ou. hvf: PERSON, watch superior os refer to glaucoma team for eval dm without retinopathy discussed importance of bp/bs control DATE_TIME dilated exam to monitor hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.4 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. mild hyperopia and presbyopia ou optional mrx given DATE_TIME otc recommended mild cataract ou likely not visually significant continue to monitor pvd os no holes or tears rd sx discussed rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains dry eyes, ou artificial tears prn plan: - f/u 1 year with me for oct, NRP, ar/refract - f/u w/ dr. PERSON or dr. PERSON for ocular oncology for b scan and choroidal lesion monitoring, pt will try to bring in hard-copy of tufts notes - f/u with glaucoma team, next available", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a female with a history of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, asthma, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. They previously had a choroidal lesion in the eye which needs monitoring. The patient has been referred for a glaucoma evaluation due to potential risks given her age, race and other health factors. The patient also has mild hyperopia, presbyopia, cataracts, and dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07533", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07533.jpg", "filename": "data_07533.npz", "report": "The clinical note involves administration of a fluorescent dye used in eye exams, fundus photos of both eyes, and OCT of the optic nerve in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.96, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "medications fluorescein (ak-fluor) solution 500 mg inject 5 ml (500 mg total) into the vein once. your orders normal orders this visit fundus photos - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note involves administration of a fluorescent dye used in eye exams, fundus photos of both eyes, and OCT of the optic nerve in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07534", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07534.jpg", "filename": "data_07534.npz", "report": "The 80-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio. She also has macular drusen and a family history of poor vision. The patient also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has post-operative phaco/pciol ou.", "age": 80.09, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "80 yo mandarin-speaking woman with history of hyperlipidemia, cad, hypothyroidism, arthritis son lives in LOCATION with me DATE_TIME. saw PERSON URLang DATE_TIME. s/p phaco/pciol ou (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME; for near ou) od: temporal haptic remains in LOCATION, stable. iop symmetric ou os ac 4.7 mm in DATE_TIME. macular drusen ou mostly perivascular but some near LOCATIONbrother with armd mac oct DATE_TIME: ou with drusen, no srf/irf >> amsler grid, sunglasses outdoors, healthy lifestyle discussed \u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect based on increased cup:disc ratio ou +fhx (paternal aunt, poor vision in DATE_TIME's) tmax: 17/18, tcurrent: 12/12 cct DATE_TIME: 532/542 (thin) hvf DATE_TIME (with interpreter): od severe generalized depression PERSON. os reliable, cloverleaf pattern. hvf DATE_TIME (highly unreliable ou - ?done w/o interpreter) od: global depression with PERSON: nonsensical with 75% fp and 10/11 fls hvf attempted DATE_TIME, difficult without PERSON DATE_TIME: wnl ou rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl >> monitor with oct and goldmann vf (with interpreter) \u00ff 4. pvd ou rd precautions discussed 5. PERSON/dry eye syndrome ou notes irritation and tearing os>od worse in DATE_TIME >> treatment with warm compresses, fish/flaxseed oil, artificial tears discussed rtc goldmann vf (with interpreter) and oct rnfl, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The 80-year-old patient is a glaucoma suspect due to an increased cup:disc ratio. She also has macular drusen and a family history of poor vision. The patient also suffers from dry eye syndrome and has post-operative phaco/pciol ou.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07535", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07535.jpg", "filename": "data_07535.npz", "report": "74-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with poor baseline visual acuity in os, no glaucoma diagnosis. Referred for baseline retina exam.", "age": 74.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 74 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. than before, but baseline visual acuity in os is poor. refer to retina to have baseline exam. monitor", "gpt4_summary": "74-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with poor baseline visual acuity in os, no glaucoma diagnosis. Referred for baseline retina exam.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07536", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07536.jpg", "filename": "data_07536.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of resolved blepharitis, minimal nuclear sclerosis, and eye cupping. Glaucoma is suspected, but with low IOPs, normal HVF, OCT. Macular RPE changes noted OD.", "age": 69.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: resolved blepharitis ou minimal nuclear sclerosis ou cupping ou, susp for glaucoma, but low iop's and normal hvf and oct x2; cct 513/523 mac rpe changes od; mac oct nl refr error plan: yrly with oct of rnfl and macula", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of resolved blepharitis, minimal nuclear sclerosis, and eye cupping. Glaucoma is suspected, but with low IOPs, normal HVF, OCT. Macular RPE changes noted OD.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07537", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07537.jpg", "filename": "data_07537.npz", "report": "The male patient is being evaluated for prostate cancer, has a refractive error but good vision with glasses. He is also a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the disease and has tried Xalatan. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is fluctuating. He has lattice retinal degeneration and pseudophakia, both stable.", "age": 64.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME male here for iop check, hvf, oct rnfl: being evaluated at dfci for prostate ca now status post prostatectomy \u00ff 1. ?refractive error vision with current glasses good \u00ff 2. glaucoma/ glaucoma suspect says t max was 28/27 mother and sister have glaucoma has tried xalatan in the past, was working for a while and then his pressure was up again so he was switched to PERSON hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, full ou hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable od, maybe new nasal step od, normal os hvf DATE_TIME: inferior defect od, worse mean deviation pachy 610/615, 'corrected' iop lower than measured PERSON, worse od (patient did not bring old records to compare) DATE_TIME: essentially stable oct rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON and PERSON thinning, os sup thinning, (mild progression) DATE_TIME: stable oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od sup and inf thinning, borderline temp thinning// os sup thininning DATE_TIME: stable \u00ff rec: - cosopt bid - cont lumigan ou qhs - add brimonidine bid od - iop check in DATE_TIME \u00ff 3. lattice retinal degeneration ou stable, no tears/breaks, retina attached \u00ff ?retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows? \u00ff 4. pseudophakia ou doing well \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The male patient is being evaluated for prostate cancer, has a refractive error but good vision with glasses. He is also a glaucoma suspect with a family history of the disease and has tried Xalatan. His intraocular pressure (IOP) is fluctuating. He has lattice retinal degeneration and pseudophakia, both stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07538", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07538.jpg", "filename": "data_07538.npz", "report": "The patient has blepharitis, presbyopia, a pigmented lesion on the plica semilunaris of their right eye, a history of recurrent chalazion, and potential cutaneous sarcoidosis. No glaucoma reported.", "age": 45.58, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ou -monitor 2. blepharitis asymptomatic -warm compresses, lid scrubs 3. presbyopia starting to have difficulty at near -otc readers prn 4. pigmented lesion od small pigmented lesion on plica semilunaris -baseline slit lamp photos done DATE_TIME 5. question of cutaneous sarcoidosis reported on biopsy by outside provider of shoulder lesion dermatology at Institution reported features consistent with sarcoidosis no evidence of ophthalmologic manifestations 6. chalazion ll history of recurrent chalazia always self resolved warm compresses discussed excision if does not resolve plan: slit lamp photo of lesion to monitor progress follow up DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has blepharitis, presbyopia, a pigmented lesion on the plica semilunaris of their right eye, a history of recurrent chalazion, and potential cutaneous sarcoidosis. No glaucoma reported.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07539", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07539.jpg", "filename": "data_07539.npz", "report": "36-year-old female with cupping of optic nerve and myopia with astigmatism - mild change in left eye. No family history of glaucoma; IOP is 16/16. Slight des in left eye. Will monitor.", "age": 36.95, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "36 yro female 1. cupping of optic nerve ou - negative f/h glaucoma - iop DATE_TIME: 16/16 - c/d ratio: od: 0.65; os: 0.60 - cct: 522/527 - DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: PERSON oct gcc: DATE_TIME normal ou - hvf 24-2 in DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: full ou - pt ed, will monitor DATE_TIME with oct rnfl and hvf 2. myopia ou with astigmatism os - mild change in os; ok to continue current glasses. - new rx=mrx given to pt per request; pt wants to get new glasses 3. mild des os - suggest at's prn; blinks and takes break while using computer *rtc in DATE_TIME for cee or sooner if needed", "gpt4_summary": "36-year-old female with cupping of optic nerve and myopia with astigmatism - mild change in left eye. No family history of glaucoma; IOP is 16/16. Slight des in left eye. Will monitor.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07540", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07540.jpg", "filename": "data_07540.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "age": 33.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "oct PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, ophthalmology resident.) ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the fellow or of medical tests), discussing the findings / finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence or absence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07541", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07541.jpg", "filename": "data_07541.npz", "report": "Possible left optic neuropathy or retinopathy detected during clinic visit. Glaucoma not mentioned. Patient counselling and care coordination conducted.", "age": 31.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "clinic in DATE_TIME, after the erg. ? impression: 1. possible left optic neuropathy vs. retinopathy ? recommendations: 1. erg (full field and multifocal) 2. follow up with you as scheduled and with me in DATE_TIME it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? ? ? PERSON, LOCATION ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Possible left optic neuropathy or retinopathy detected during clinic visit. Glaucoma not mentioned. Patient counselling and care coordination conducted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07542", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07542.jpg", "filename": "data_07542.npz", "report": "Patient has ovarian cyst, lumbosacral spondylosis, gastritis, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, arthralgia, thyroid nodules, chest pain, neck pain, adrenal nodule and muscle pain. No glaucoma.", "age": 62.92, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "ovarian cyst back ache lumbosacral spondylosis without myelopathy gastritis hyperlipidemia nuclear senile cataract routine adult health maintenance encounter for immunization arthralgia multiple thyroid nodules chest pain fall neck pain acute pain of both shoulders cold intolerance adrenal nodule muscle pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has ovarian cyst, lumbosacral spondylosis, gastritis, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, arthralgia, thyroid nodules, chest pain, neck pain, adrenal nodule and muscle pain. No glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07543", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07543.jpg", "filename": "data_07543.npz", "report": "Clinical note indicates patient is due for intraocular pressure (IOP) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) tests (OD). No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include vitamin deficiencies, hypercholesteremia, etc.", "age": 42.06, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME am Institution comp oph mc tech PERSON main campus PHONE_NUMBER follow-up return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for DATE_TIME iop and hvf od. orders placed this visit PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME routine general medical examination at a health care facility vitamin d deficiency low testosterone low vitamin b12 level pain of right arm abnormal breath sounds hypercholesteremia impaired fasting glucose results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note indicates patient is due for intraocular pressure (IOP) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) tests (OD). No mention of glaucoma. Other conditions include vitamin deficiencies, hypercholesteremia, etc.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07544", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07544.jpg", "filename": "data_07544.npz", "report": "53-year-old white, non-Hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis, needs assistance with prior authorization, overdue by 6 months.", "age": 53.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 53 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. please help him with prior auth, it has been 6 months!thanks,", "gpt4_summary": "53-year-old white, non-Hispanic male, no glaucoma diagnosis, needs assistance with prior authorization, overdue by 6 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07545", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07545.jpg", "filename": "data_07545.npz", "report": "Patient has cupping OU, suspicious for glaucoma, IOP at upper limit, mild nuclear sclerosis, and refractive error. Normal fields & pachymetry observed.", "age": 69.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, susp. for glaucoma; iop at upper limits, average pachymetry, normal fields and DATE_TIME mild nuclear sclerosis ou pvd (floater) od refr error plan: rx=m glasses yrly repeat hvf and oct then", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cupping OU, suspicious for glaucoma, IOP at upper limit, mild nuclear sclerosis, and refractive error. Normal fields & pachymetry observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07546", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07546.jpg", "filename": "data_07546.npz", "report": "Patient has nuclear sclerosis, ocular hypertension, thinning of the inner temporal retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye, mild abmd. No family history of Glaucoma. Glaucoma treatment discussed.", "age": 67.95, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: nuclear sclerosis ou, not visually significant hx ocular htn ou - cct thick (580 ou DATE_TIME); tmax 31/32 -hvf full ou, oct rfnl with thinning it os -no fhx of glaucoma refr error; unchanged mild abmd ou pvd os plan: rx=m=w start PERSON in glaucoma in DATE_TIME i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has nuclear sclerosis, ocular hypertension, thinning of the inner temporal retinal nerve fiber layer in left eye, mild abmd. No family history of Glaucoma. Glaucoma treatment discussed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07547", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07547.jpg", "filename": "data_07547.npz", "report": "Patient has refractive error, bilateral lagophthalmos and history of blepharospasm. Had undergone punctal cauterization, blepharoplasty, and Botox. Has cataracts, diabetes without retinopathy, visual issues due primarily to dry eyes. Cupping observed in eyes but no significant interocular pressure. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 66.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "imp: refr error s/p bilateral lower punctal cauterization DATE_TIME (LOCATION) bilateral lagophthalmos s/p bilateral upper blepharoplasty NRP (townsend) c/b exposure keratopathy ou history of 'blepharospasm' s/p botox (done locally) cataracts ou not visually significant -- reduced acuity is from dry eyes mostly diabetes without retinopathy cupping ou, but low iop ou - hvf unreliable, rnfl oct normal plan: -continue aggressive lubrication regimen -gel drops 3-4 x per days 3-4 x per day -lubr ung qhs -systane drops DATE_TIME ou -start tranquil eyes nighttime goggles -continue humidifier -follow up with dr. PERSON for dry eyes - referred back, last note DATE_TIME interested in scleral contact lenses -blood sugar control -rx=m yrly--check oct of rnfl, PERSON, pgy4 patient unable to stay to see dr. PERSON given issues with transportation and was seen only by the resident.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has refractive error, bilateral lagophthalmos and history of blepharospasm. Had undergone punctal cauterization, blepharoplasty, and Botox. Has cataracts, diabetes without retinopathy, visual issues due primarily to dry eyes. Cupping observed in eyes but no significant interocular pressure. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07548", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07548.jpg", "filename": "data_07548.npz", "report": "40 y.o. female examined for glaucoma with mild c/d asymmetry. IOP normal, no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL show normal results. Lattice retinal degeneration present. High myopia noted.", "age": 40.82, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "40 y.o. female here for glaucoma evaluation: 1. mild c/d asymmetry and large c/d iop normal no fam hx of glaucoma pachy 516/523: true iop higher than measured oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable, full ou low suspicion, DATE_TIME exam, no need for testing DATE_TIME. lattice retinal degeneration ou high myopia hx of laser holes os, s/p laser DATE_TIME rx updated needs DATE_TIME dil exam retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows", "gpt4_summary": "40 y.o. female examined for glaucoma with mild c/d asymmetry. IOP normal, no family history of glaucoma. OCT RNFL show normal results. Lattice retinal degeneration present. High myopia noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07549", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07549.jpg", "filename": "data_07549.npz", "report": "66-year-old white, non-hispanic female patient diagnosed with glaucoma. Instructions provided for account activation on a new portal.\n", "age": 66.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 66 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "66-year-old white, non-hispanic female patient diagnosed with glaucoma. Instructions provided for account activation on a new portal.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07550", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07550.jpg", "filename": "data_07550.npz", "report": "Gregory Stone, a male, had an eye exam. Noted as a low suspicion glaucoma suspect with low IOP and no family history of glaucoma. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia, and non-significant cataract.", "age": 64.01, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "gregory stone is a DATE_TIME. male here for eye exam partial pvd od warned of rd/rt sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains low suspicion glaucoma suspect iop low no family hx of glaucoma oct rnfl PERSON ou hvf 24-2 wnl ou astigmatism w/ presbyopia ou optional rx dispensed recommend otc readers otc equivalence handout dispensed \u00ff immature cataract not visually significant at this time f/u 1 yr for dfe, oct, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "Gregory Stone, a male, had an eye exam. Noted as a low suspicion glaucoma suspect with low IOP and no family history of glaucoma. Also has astigmatism, presbyopia, and non-significant cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07551", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07551.jpg", "filename": "data_07551.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye. IOP under control. Past procedures include trabeculectomy in right eye, SLT in left eye. Showing signs of psc cataract and CRVO. Last phacoemulsification surgeries achieved targeted refraction plan. Also history of thyroid cancer.", "age": 81.15, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma od>os: cct 552/530 tm 44/32; iop control od excellent s/p trab od (DATE_TIME, pt has history of bleb dysethesia which is symptomatically controlled at this time). iop control had been adequate os s/p slt os 2/08. s/p slt os DATE_TIME os. iop controlled ou. hvf od shows ltf, but given psc cataract and retinal changes from crvo, this is likely ltf and not true progression gonio showed open angle os in 4/14, but iop elevated after dil in DATE_TIME in DATE_TIME after phaco od. goal low teens od, mid teens os - at goal DATE_TIME. plan: cont alphagan ou bid cont cosopt ou bid cont xalatan os qhs - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop. ? 2. s/p phaco/ iol od DATE_TIME, aim plano s/p phaco/ iol os DATE_TIME, aim plano plan: see above. ? DATE_TIME/o PERSONu w/ retina: +shunt vessels, but no nv - stable plan: obs. f/u w retina as needed. - other: pt on coumadin for afib. pt had thyroid cancer, s/p surgery.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, more severe in right eye. IOP under control. Past procedures include trabeculectomy in right eye, SLT in left eye. Showing signs of psc cataract and CRVO. Last phacoemulsification surgeries achieved targeted refraction plan. Also history of thyroid cancer.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07552", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07552.jpg", "filename": "data_07552.npz", "report": "The patient elected to have plana surgery done by Dr. PERSON next week or after. Anticipated complications are infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss. Noted with #cataract in right eye, #cystoid macular edema in left eye, and no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 77.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "plana surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed dr. PERSON will do this case NEXT WEEK or the following #cataract right eye #cystoid macular edema left eye - residual after pars plana vitrectomy/mp left eye for epiretinal membrane - continue ketorolac twice a day left eye per retina", "gpt4_summary": "The patient elected to have plana surgery done by Dr. PERSON next week or after. Anticipated complications are infection, bleeding, and possible vision loss. Noted with #cataract in right eye, #cystoid macular edema in left eye, and no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07553", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07553.jpg", "filename": "data_07553.npz", "report": "49 y.o. female with stable small right pituitary adenoma, no optic chiasm compromise. Slightly enlarged cup:disc ratio observed. Regular contact lens wearer, advised on hygiene. Glasses prescription given. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 49.24, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "49 y.o. female PERSON rn (case manager) with pituitary microadenoma last seen by me DATE_TIME \u00ff - pituitary LOCATION annual mri seen by dr. PERSONME with full humphrey visual field mri DATE_TIME: stable small right pituitary adenoma without optic chiasm compromise. on cabergoline hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: ou full >> observe and plan for DATE_TIME testing unless otherwise requested by her physician team \u00ff - slightly enlarged cup:disc ratio ou (intact appearing rims) tmax 18/20 iop ok today hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON, os poor quality scan rnfl DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME: full rims ou >> observe \u00ff - contact lens wear (monovision, os dominant -> od intermediate, os distance) - followed by PERSON PERSON >> contact lens hygiene was reviewed with the patient including regular cleaning, changing of lenses, avoiding sleeping in contacts, and limiting DATE_TIME of wear. patient was instructed to discontinue contact lens use with any change in vision, pain, redness, or irritation and call immediately or proceed to the emergency department. >> she will schedule another appt with dr. PERSON - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME \u00ff followup: DATE_TIME visit with hvf, rnfl oct, mrx, dfe \u00ff _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "49 y.o. female with stable small right pituitary adenoma, no optic chiasm compromise. Slightly enlarged cup:disc ratio observed. Regular contact lens wearer, advised on hygiene. Glasses prescription given. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07554", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07554.jpg", "filename": "data_07554.npz", "report": "Patient had a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma, has pituitary macroadenoma & normal vision. No presence of glaucoma.", "age": 42.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "formulation: the patient had a craniotomy for a grade ii meningioma, which was first discovered in DATE_TIME. she has not noted any change in vision. my exam showed normal afferent and efferent visual function. i recommended an exam in DATE_TIME to follow for the pituitary macroadenoma. impression: 1. pituitary macroadenoma, with no history of intervention, with extension into the left cavernous sinus 2. meningioma (14 x 11 mm), grade ii with atypical features, along the floor of the left anterior cranial fossa with radiological growth DATE_TIME; status post craniotomy (DATE_TIME) recommendations: 1. follow-up here in DATE_TIME with visual fields 2. follow-up with dr. PERSON, as planned", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had a craniotomy for a grade II meningioma, has pituitary macroadenoma & normal vision. No presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07555", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07555.jpg", "filename": "data_07555.npz", "report": "69-year-old male with hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild nuclear cataract & posterior vitreous detachment, insignificantly impacting vision. Also, he is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d ratio - no family history of glaucoma.", "age": 69.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "69 yro male 1. hyperopia astigmatism od; astigmatism os with presbyopia - small change in ou DATE_TIME - new rx=mrx given to pt 2. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio ou - negative f/h glaucoma - iop DATE_TIME: 15/15 - cct: 583/593 - c/d ratio od: 0.60; os: 0.60; LOCATION - oct rnfl in DATE_TIME, and DATE_TIME: PERSON oct gcc DATE_TIME: wnl od; borderline os - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - hvf DATE_TIME: full od; non-specific defect os - hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defect od; full os - pt ed; will monitor DATE_TIME. mild nuclear cataract ou - visually insignificant ou - pt ed, monitor 4. posterior vitreous detachment os - retina intact, no tears/holes,no rd - rd precaution reviewed with pt - rtc sooner for increased numbers of floaters, flashes of light, blurry vision or darkness in the visual field 5. blepharitis ou; mild - asymptomatic - suggest warm compress qd ou - at's prn", "gpt4_summary": "69-year-old male with hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild nuclear cataract & posterior vitreous detachment, insignificantly impacting vision. Also, he is a glaucoma suspect with enlarged c/d ratio - no family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07556", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07556.jpg", "filename": "data_07556.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes, despite medications. Goals are pressure less or equal to 12 mmHg in right eye, 15 mmHg in left eye. Long term plans include eye protection and adherence to medication regimen. Further procedure with lpi os might be considered.", "age": 46.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "social/systemic issues: shared patient with dr. PERSON; patient referred by PERSON. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on LOCATION, brimonidine tid ou, rhopressa qhs os, and pilocarpine qid os. -continue PERSON. -continue brimonidine tid ou. -start rhopressa qhs ou (from qhs os). -start pilocarpine 2% qid ou (from LOCATION). -start latanoprost qhs ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye => follow-up with optometry for glasses. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for neuro-ophthalmic care given ?hemianopic defect os (?stroke) that has improved => mri failed to show mass, so he discharged her to my clinic. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given persistently elevated iop od despite close to PERSON, we proceeded mp cpc od and ivi od on DATE_TIME. given narrow angles os, we will also proceeded with lpi os on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os (with coaching), arx ou, bat os, optical biometry ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop still not at goal in future, strongly consider phaco/ecp/kdb os versus phaco/agi os. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure in both eyes, despite medications. Goals are pressure less or equal to 12 mmHg in right eye, 15 mmHg in left eye. Long term plans include eye protection and adherence to medication regimen. Further procedure with lpi os might be considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07557", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07557.jpg", "filename": "data_07557.npz", "report": "The 72-year-old male patient, previously followed by ophthalmologists, was diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. He has been prescribed latanoprost and cosopt, though only taking latanoprost.", "age": 72.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72 y.o. male overall healthy was previously followed by ophthalmologists at INSITUTION and in LOCATION. recently moved to LOCATION - primary open angle glaucoma ou, mild diagnosed by PERSON at LOCATION was started on latanoprost ou and cosopt os in DATE_TIME, but has only been taking latanoprost ou fam hx: +father tmax: unknown, tcurrent 15/20 on latanoprost cct: gonio : hvf DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl oct DATE_TIME: ou wnl disc photos: last dilated: DATE_TIME >> continue latanprost ou qhs. restart cosopt os bid as per dr. PERSON. pt will attempt to get prior notes for my review at next visit - pseudophakia ou (DATE_TIME in dc) clear visual axes - epiretinal membrane od>os bcva 20/20 ou >> observe - refractive error >> a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/up DATE_TIME for iop check, gonio, cct, no dilation, sooner prn pt will obtain prior notes for my review", "gpt4_summary": "The 72-year-old male patient, previously followed by ophthalmologists, was diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma. He has been prescribed latanoprost and cosopt, though only taking latanoprost.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07558", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07558.jpg", "filename": "data_07558.npz", "report": "Patient referred for acute angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and narrow angles in both eyes. Underwent LPI and Phaco/goniosynechiolysis procedures for glaucoma. No associated risk factors or medication issues. Future cataract surgery deferred.", "age": 70.35, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient referred by ed, first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME # acute angle closure glaucoma od, #narrow angles ou risk factors: negative family history of glaucoma or blindness, negative history of longterm steroids, negative history of eye trauma central corneal thickness: 580 / 511580/511 gonioscopy: still narrow but not occuldable os tmax: 48 (DATE_TIME) / 18.9 (DATE_TIME) target iop: / refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: -s/p LPI OU -s/p Phaco/goniosynechiolysis OD other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: negative history of asthma negative history of bradycardia negative sulfa allergy negative history of renal disfuntion or kidney stones testing: baseline (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: on swelling od from angle closure, OS wnl hvf 24-2 ou: #pseudophakia od -s/p phaco/PERSONME #cataract os #social pt lives on cape plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 17.8 18.9 max pressure right left PERSON 48 (DATE_TIME) 18.9 (DATE_TIME) , acceptable od, acceptable OD has acute angle closure glaucoma od and narrow angles ou, here for glaucoma follow up and cataract eval os. *pt prefers to defer left eye cataract surgery to DATE_TIME dilated exam: none DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: none return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME. (before DATE_TIME) *pt is going to LOCATION DATE_TIME i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for dr. PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for acute angle closure glaucoma in the right eye and narrow angles in both eyes. Underwent LPI and Phaco/goniosynechiolysis procedures for glaucoma. No associated risk factors or medication issues. Future cataract surgery deferred.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07559", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07559.jpg", "filename": "data_07559.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and potentially mild primary open angle glaucoma, particularly in the right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine for treatment. Cataract detected in both eyes; right eye also has pterygium.", "age": 72.84, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 34 / 25.1 central corneal thickness: 482 / 485 corneal hysteresis: 8.7 / 9.5 gonioscopy: c30b 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: early superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: superior/inferior arcuate, does not correspond with exam/oct visual fields, left eye: superior/inferior arcuate, does not correspond with exam/oct family history: brother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: copd other medical history and problems: hld assessment/plan: 72 y.o. NRP-speaking male # ocular hypertension vs mild primary open angle glaucoma, right eye - started on PERSONME by dr. PERSON when iop 32/20, added brimonidine bid od DATE_TIME, history of poor drop adherence - iop acceptable ou - continue latanoprost qhs od, brimonidine bid od - return in DATE_TIME when back from LOCATION for iop check, dilate # cataract, both eyes - approaching visual significance, monitor # pterygium, right eye - monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, LOCATION with NRP in person interpreter", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension and potentially mild primary open angle glaucoma, particularly in the right eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Started on latanoprost and brimonidine for treatment. Cataract detected in both eyes; right eye also has pterygium.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07560", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07560.jpg", "filename": "data_07560.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of kidney transplantation, chest pain, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, acute kidney injury, type 2 diabetes with complications, fall history, peripheral edema, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes. The note does not mention glaucoma.", "age": 70.58, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "history of transplantation, renal chest pain (PERSON) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction disease of nail hyperlipidemia aki (acute kidney injury) type 2 diabetes mellitus with complication, with long-term current use of insulin status post fall peripheral edema kidney replaced by transplant coronary artery disease of native heart with stable angina pectoris chronic congestive heart failure immunosuppressive management encounter following kidney transplant type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia, with long-term current use of insulin hypertension secondary to other renal disorders diabetes mellitus results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of kidney transplantation, chest pain, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, acute kidney injury, type 2 diabetes with complications, fall history, peripheral edema, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes. The note does not mention glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07561", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07561.jpg", "filename": "data_07561.npz", "report": "Patient's intraocular improving with excellent bleb, but the visual acuity is not much better and macular folds persist. Recommended bleb revision in left eye and continue with existing treatment in right. Discussed potential risks of trabeculectomy surgery.", "age": 33.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "well, intraocular better and continuing to improve, bleb appears excellent, but visual acuity not that much improved, still with macular folds i recommend repeat bleb revision left eye continue latanoprost qhs right eye, cosopt bid right eye, brimonidine bid right eye stop pf right eye looks stable DATE_TIME, optical coherence tomography difficult to interpret, visual field stable. continue present management. i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of trabeculectomy revision surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's intraocular improving with excellent bleb, but the visual acuity is not much better and macular folds persist. Recommended bleb revision in left eye and continue with existing treatment in right. Discussed potential risks of trabeculectomy surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07562", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07562.jpg", "filename": "data_07562.npz", "report": "The 44-year-old male patient has a refractive error and has been given a new medical prescription. He also suffers from migraine headaches which are improving with current medication. He has an enlarged c/d ratio, no family history of glaucoma, and normal intraocular pressure. With some thinning in the eye identified, no sure glaucoma was noted.", "age": 44.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "44 y.o. m patient \u00ff \u00ff 1. refractive error - new mrx given, wants to make new glasses \u00ff 2. migraine headaches - vs cluster headache - with visual aura better with current meds had to take a prednisone taper follow-up with pcp \u00ff 3. enlarged c/d ratio - no family hx of glaucoma - iop normal pachy 559/566: true iop same as measured oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od borderline inf and nasal thinning, os: borderline inf thinning oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od borderline inf and nasal thin/ os: normal disc photos 6/18 hvf DATE_TIME: not very reliable, ou essentially full \u00ff \u00ff follow up in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The 44-year-old male patient has a refractive error and has been given a new medical prescription. He also suffers from migraine headaches which are improving with current medication. He has an enlarged c/d ratio, no family history of glaucoma, and normal intraocular pressure. With some thinning in the eye identified, no sure glaucoma was noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07563", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07563.jpg", "filename": "data_07563.npz", "report": "The patient has osteoarthritis and a history of total hip replacement. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. He/she has been prescribed Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor Oral).", "age": 86.39, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "atorvastatin calcium (lipitor oral) take by mouth. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - heidelberg condition list as of DATE_TIME osteoarthritis history of total hip replacement results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. important information about your account: \u0007 if you already have a account, please sign in with your existing username and your account will automatically be activated in our new portal - \u0007", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has osteoarthritis and a history of total hip replacement. No signs of glaucoma mentioned. He/she has been prescribed Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor Oral).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07564", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07564.jpg", "filename": "data_07564.npz", "report": "75 y.o white, non-hispanic female treated with prednisolone, ketorolac, cosopt, and brimonidine for her left eye does not have glaucoma.", "age": 75.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 75 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. left eye - prednisolone 4 times DATE_TIME - ketorolac 4 times daily - cosopt 2 times daily - brimonidine 2 times DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "75 y.o white, non-hispanic female treated with prednisolone, ketorolac, cosopt, and brimonidine for her left eye does not have glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07565", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07565.jpg", "filename": "data_07565.npz", "report": "60 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio. Family history unclear. Corneal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer normal. Visual field full. Post PRK. Stable exam, vision monitored.", "age": 60.71, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "60 y.o. male PERSON with dr. talamo # glaucoma suspect -incr c/d: 0.6 / 0.55 (previously 0.5 / 0.45 per dr. PERSON) -famhx -cct: 468 / 481 (DATE_TIME) -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou # h/o prk ou (aborted lasik flap os) DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON) -stable exam and vision >monitor # refractive error >mrx given DATE_TIME (svl distance for driving, otc readers) rtc DATE_TIME: oct rnfl, pcam", "gpt4_summary": "60 y.o. male suspected of glaucoma with increased cup-to-disc ratio. Family history unclear. Corneal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer normal. Visual field full. Post PRK. Stable exam, vision monitored.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07566", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07566.jpg", "filename": "data_07566.npz", "report": "The patient is using timoptic xe1 for both eyes once in the morning. Alternative medications include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost, timolol timoptic, timoptic xe, betoptic s, and ocudose. Glaucoma care is mentioned.", "age": 61.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes DATE_TIME timoptic xe1 (yellow) both eyes 1x/morning \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: timolol timoptic, timoptic xe = timolol gel-forming solution (gfs), betoptic s, LOCATION, LOCATION, ocudose (preservative-free). always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (longwood) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using timoptic xe1 for both eyes once in the morning. Alternative medications include latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, tafluprost, timolol timoptic, timoptic xe, betoptic s, and ocudose. Glaucoma care is mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07567", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07567.jpg", "filename": "data_07567.npz", "report": "The patient has coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia, and experienced acute left CRAO. They report no vision change in unaffected eye. MRI shows no acute stroke or carotid artery stenosis. There's elevated CRP and moderate anemia. No mentions of glaucoma.", "age": 79.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient with a history of coronary artery disease, s/p transcatheter aortic valve replacement (on LOCATION) and hyperlipidemia is referred for an acute left crao. the crp from my last exam was 18.8. (note: my earlier note had stated that 'esr and crp are not significantly elevated, which is not the case). in addition, he is somewhat anemic, with slight macrocytosis (he has an elevated serum iron: 366). notably, the mri did not show acute stroke, and there was no significant stenosis of the carotid arteries. he is certain that there is no change in vision in his good eye. but, given the recent blindness and elevated crp (without obvious cause), i have asked him to return DATE_TIME for an exam of his vision, and repeat crp. if still elevated, a temporal artery biopsy would likely be recommended. impression: 1. acute left crao, ? etiology 2. elevated crp and moderate unexplained anemia recommendations: 1. return DATE_TIME for crp and vision testing 2. check remainder of serology for acute stroke 3. he is planning to see a hematologist for the anemia (at the suggestion of his internist) i spent a total of DATE_TIME during this real-time, interactive virtual clinical encounter, which was conducted virtually using telephone only technology. greater than 50% of the time spent was devoted to discussing obtaining all needed testing and also addressing the elevated crp, and the need for an in-person visit DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia, and experienced acute left CRAO. They report no vision change in unaffected eye. MRI shows no acute stroke or carotid artery stenosis. There's elevated CRP and moderate anemia. No mentions of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07568", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07568.jpg", "filename": "data_07568.npz", "report": "The note discusses the patient's potential high to moderate risk of visual or neurological issues based on above diagnoses, with management affected by social or health factors. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 54.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by dr. PERSON (pcp) ; and 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. PERSON (pcp) with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses the patient's potential high to moderate risk of visual or neurological issues based on above diagnoses, with management affected by social or health factors. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07569", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07569.jpg", "filename": "data_07569.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female doing well after eye surgeries. Noted as glaucoma suspect. Intraocular pressure normal. Average thickness thinning observed. Optic disc appearance stable.", "age": 65.46, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female # s/p ce/pciol os DATE_TIME doing well, happy with monovision # s/p ce/pciol od DATE_TIME -2+pco inferiorly, not symptomatic -bcva 20/25 # glaucoma suspect -iop wnl ou -tmax: 18/18 -tgoal: concerning for gradual avg thickness thinning ou compared with DATE_TIME scans on oct. however appearance of optic discs appear stable compared to DATE_TIME photos >monitor # refractive error >updated mrx given (for DATE_TIME driving) # erm od: mac oct ou with incidentally noted erm DATE_TIME with 20/25 vision >amsler >retina eval if vision drops further rtc 1 year: hvf, rnfl DATE_TIME oct", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female doing well after eye surgeries. Noted as glaucoma suspect. Intraocular pressure normal. Average thickness thinning observed. Optic disc appearance stable.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07570", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07570.jpg", "filename": "data_07570.npz", "report": "The patient has an active status and is undergoing treatment for conditions including diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and glaucoma. Medications include Lipitor, Cialis, and Metformin.", "age": 63.33, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "not available; status: active; source: canavan,PERSON; date: DATE_TIME, rn DATE_TIME 7:01 am received from: partners PERSON (lipitor) 20 mg tablet take 1 tablet (20 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. cialis 20 mg tablet take 1 tablet as directed metformin (glucophage) 500 mg tablet take 1 tablet (500 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day with meals. your orders future appointments provider department dept phone DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON DATE_TIME 8:00 am PERSON DATE_TIME 8:30 am PERSONon, PERSONtitution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER future orders complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl as directed DATE_TIME orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - visante condition list as of DATE_TIME diabetes mellitus sleep apnea s/p tonsillectomy hyperlipidemia hypertensive disorder overweight adenomatous polyp of colon increased glucose level results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has an active status and is undergoing treatment for conditions including diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, and glaucoma. Medications include Lipitor, Cialis, and Metformin.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07571", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07571.jpg", "filename": "data_07571.npz", "report": "The patient likely has refractive amblyopia OD, severe decreased central acuity in the right eye, and dry eye. Unclear reason for slight decrease in left eye acuity. No evidence of 'Usher Syndrome' or glaucoma.", "age": 24.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "(-3.00), i suspect that she has refractive amblyopia od, which likely accounts for the severely decreased central acuity of 20/200 in that eye. she additionally has ocular surface abnormalities suggestive of dry eye for which we recommended artificial tears. i have requested that her outside imaging is uploaded for our review. i provided reassurance but understand her frustration with our inability to pinpoint a specific cause for the slight decreased acuity on the left, and would recommend that she return to dr. PERSON for follow up, to whom we will send this note. we will additionally send our note to her geneticist, dr. PERSON, to determine if there are any additional concerns from a genetic standpoint. the patient was convinced that she needed an electroretinogram (erg), as she had thought that she might have 'usher syndrome', but there was no evidence to suggest this diagnosis and i do not believe that this test is needed. my opinion caused some frustration for the patient, but i re-explained to her and her mother what the normal considerations are to perform an erg. i have encouraged her to contact us if we can be of any assistance in the future. impression: 1. PERSON (ptpn11 c922 a>g n308d, diagnosed DATE_TIME) 2. likely refractive amblyopia od 3. subnormal central visual acuity os of unclear etiology 4. dry eye recommendations: 1. upload outside neuroimaging for our review 2. preservative-free artificial tears prn 3. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination as needed this note was written with assistance from PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient likely has refractive amblyopia OD, severe decreased central acuity in the right eye, and dry eye. Unclear reason for slight decrease in left eye acuity. No evidence of 'Usher Syndrome' or glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07572", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07572.jpg", "filename": "data_07572.npz", "report": "Patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, doing well. Suspected glaucoma in both eyes due to borderline c/d and family history of glaucoma.", "age": 76.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cos clinic note assessment/plan: 1. pseudophakia ou -good result, doing well 2. glaucoma suspect ou -based on borderline c/d and family history (mother) -cct 579/579 -iop 14/14 ou -rnfl stable (mild temporal thinning, but full superiorly and inferiorly) -hvf 24-2: DATE_TIME full ou rtc in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pseudophakia in both eyes, doing well. Suspected glaucoma in both eyes due to borderline c/d and family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07573", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07573.jpg", "filename": "data_07573.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide information about the presence of glaucoma. It mentions an unidentified mood disorder with plans for follow-up.", "age": 33.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "for an as-yet inapparent mood disorder that could be contributing to her symptoms. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide information about the presence of glaucoma. It mentions an unidentified mood disorder with plans for follow-up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07574", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07574.jpg", "filename": "data_07574.npz", "report": "47 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Covid prescreening done.", "age": 47.34, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 47 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. covid prescreening complete.", "gpt4_summary": "47 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Covid prescreening done.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07575", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07575.jpg", "filename": "data_07575.npz", "report": "70-year-old female with history of breast cancer and ptosis repair. Improved symptoms and ocular surface from warm compresses and lid hygiene. Supplemented with flax seed/fish oil. Suspected glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry, with intraocular pressure at 16/15, previously 19/20 and 17/18. No family history of glaucoma. Hyperopia and twitching also present. Incipient cataract monitored. Lid dermatitis treated with Avenova and Tobradex.\n", "age": 70.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "70 yo woman with hx breast ca, hx ptosis repair NRP gland dysfunction - symptoms much better, ocular surface looks much better > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation glaucoma suspect based on cd asymmetry - tcurrent: 16/15 - t previous: 19/20, 17/18 - tmax: - tgoal: - c/d ratio: 0.4/0.45 - gonioscopy: open ou, narrow approach - central corneal thickness: DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou - hvf: DATE_TIME full ou, stable since DATE_TIME full ou - family history: none - race: NRP > observe, low risk narrow angles ou - narrow approach but not occludable - d(c)35s, 2+ ptm, no pas ou > monitor hyperopia - rx given incipient cataract > monitor hx ptosis repair > monitor PERSON occ twitching, no hemifacial spasm > limit caffeine, use artificial tears r upper lid/medial lid dermatitis - avenova lid hygiene > tobradex ointment tid x DATE_TIME fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, gonio", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old female with history of breast cancer and ptosis repair. Improved symptoms and ocular surface from warm compresses and lid hygiene. Supplemented with flax seed/fish oil. Suspected glaucoma due to cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry, with intraocular pressure at 16/15, previously 19/20 and 17/18. No family history of glaucoma. Hyperopia and twitching also present. Incipient cataract monitored. Lid dermatitis treated with Avenova and Tobradex.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07576", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07576.jpg", "filename": "data_07576.npz", "report": "Patient has open angle glaucoma in left eye, suspected glaucoma in right eye, dry eye syndrome, nuclear sclerosis, hyperopia, astigmatism, and possibly amblyopia. Additionally, she has severe and mild thinning in the optic nerves of left and right eyes.", "age": 68.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "impression and plan: accompanied by her son who is translating for her (NRP); previously followed by URLrboli for open angle glaucoma in the left eye. requested a change of provider. 1. open angle glaucoma os; glaucoma suspect od. -previously followed by an ophthalmologist in PERSON. s/p slt ou in DATE_TIME per records. -?tmax (will upload records DATE_TIME). -followed by URLrboli since DATE_TIME; -cct thin (499/499) -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: severe rnfl thinning sti>n os; mild temporal thinning od DATE_TIME: overall unchanged; gc complex (first time) shows diffuse gc loss os PERSON showed nasal step (both superior and inferior os) DATE_TIME shows superior nasal step os. mild increase in md (but lower reliability). -started on latanoprost hs os in DATE_TIME by URLrboli - iop remains in the low teens (13 ou). patient will try to continue with increased lubrication. 2. dry eye syndrome. -has not been using artificial tears. recommended at qid. -continue restasis bid 3. nuclear sclerosis ou -asymptomatic. 4. hyperopia and astigmatism ou -os > od. per records, ?amblyopia os -will update eyeglasses next visit. upload prior records DATE_TIME. return in DATE_TIME with vf 24-2, oct on, gc segmentation ou PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has open angle glaucoma in left eye, suspected glaucoma in right eye, dry eye syndrome, nuclear sclerosis, hyperopia, astigmatism, and possibly amblyopia. Additionally, she has severe and mild thinning in the optic nerves of left and right eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07577", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07577.jpg", "filename": "data_07577.npz", "report": "The patient has severe glaucoma and cataracts, with blurred vision. Surgery is scheduled for a cataract operation, using a monofocal lens with concomitant glaucoma surgery. Risks were explained and consents signed.", "age": 74.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given that patient is ready for cataract surgery due to blurry vision os>od and that she requires 3 agents to be at goal, we will proceed with phaco/ecp/istent os. risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. options of multifocal, toric or premium lens explained to patient, who opted for a monofocal lens. options of concomitant glaucoma surgery explained. questions answered. consents signed. refractive target options discussed. pt wants to aim plano. +trypan for istent/cortical spoking no asa/blood thinners +increased risk of complications due to severe glaucoma implants/special equipment needed -- ecp/istent preferred anesthesia -- mac with block diabetic -- no pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc on pod#1 s/p phaco/ecp/istent os with va and iop check ou, sooner prn. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe glaucoma and cataracts, with blurred vision. Surgery is scheduled for a cataract operation, using a monofocal lens with concomitant glaucoma surgery. Risks were explained and consents signed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07578", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07578.jpg", "filename": "data_07578.npz", "report": "Patient has stable automated perimetry results, potentially worsening retinal nerve fiber layer, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma presence likely.", "age": 78.81, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "automated perimetry stable, optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer possibly worse, iop elevated, will recheck in DATE_TIME with automated perimetry 24-2/oct retinal nerve fiber layer rtc DATE_TIME with oct rnfl, hvf 24-2, iop check PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has stable automated perimetry results, potentially worsening retinal nerve fiber layer, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma presence likely.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07579", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07579.jpg", "filename": "data_07579.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with CRVO in the left eye. Medications include Diamox, Brimonidine, Rhopressa, Latanoprost, Timolol. Both eyes had laser trabeculoplasty. Recommended trabeculectomy for right eye.", "age": 74.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.95 0.95 macula normal hemorrhage, edema vessels normal normal assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma with crvo left eye target iop: / , tmax: 32 ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 607 / 564 gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye: dense diffuse loss medication history and intolerances at first visit: diamox, brimonidine, rhopressa, latanoprost, timolol glaucoma procedures right eye: laser trabeculoplasty glaucoma procedures left eye: laser trabeculoplasty other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: PERSON with cme, LOCATION family history: none steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: dr2 plan: iop too high right eye with vf appearing more normal than the nerve. recommend trabeculectomy i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of trabeculectomy surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed right eye by df", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma with CRVO in the left eye. Medications include Diamox, Brimonidine, Rhopressa, Latanoprost, Timolol. Both eyes had laser trabeculoplasty. Recommended trabeculectomy for right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07580", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07580.jpg", "filename": "data_07580.npz", "report": "Clinical note indicates potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes. Dry eye syndrome mentioned. Aim for intraocular pressure <= *** mmgh. Presence of glaucoma not specified.", "age": 59.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} os: {oct gcc findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} baseline optic disc photos: {baseline photos:19197::'unable','pending'} 2. {lens status:19197::'cataract','incipient cataract','pseudophakia','aphakia'}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} // PERSON}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} {actual status:19197::'-potentially visually-significant, right eye.','-potentially visually-significant, left eye.','-potentially visually-significant, both eyes.','-visually-significant, right eye.','-visually-significant, left eye.','-visually-significant, both eyes.','-not visually-significant, right eye.','-not visually-significant, left eye.','-not visually-significant, both eyes.','-stable.'} 3. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 4. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal od and {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal os on DATE_TIME on ***. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note indicates potentially visually significant conditions in both eyes. Dry eye syndrome mentioned. Aim for intraocular pressure <= *** mmgh. Presence of glaucoma not specified.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07581", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07581.jpg", "filename": "data_07581.npz", "report": "The patient, a former smoker, visited for glaucoma. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured. The pressure in the right and left eyes were 17 and 11 respectively. The patient is on latanoprost for treatment.", "age": 47.98, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON date of birth: DATE_TIME patient mrn: NUMBER Institution LOCATION dept phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER PERSON DATE_TIME office visit mrn: NUMBER provider: PERSON a LOCATION, LOCATION: Institution glaucoma main campus patient demographics address phone LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER (home) basic information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME male white or NRP no NRP NRP future appointments provider department center DATE_TIMEPERSON a LOCATION, PERSONtitution glaucoma main campus Institution main reason for visit glaucoma vital signs/measurements smoking status former smoker your visual acuity as measured during DATE_TIME's visit (snellen - linear) right left dist sc PHONE_NUMBER your intraocular pressure measured during DATE_TIME's visit (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 17 11 tearing ou no eyeglass prescription found allergies as of DATE_TIME pollen extracts medications and orders your current medications latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into the left eye nightly. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - os - left eye oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a former smoker, visited for glaucoma. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured. The pressure in the right and left eyes were 17 and 11 respectively. The patient is on latanoprost for treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07582", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07582.jpg", "filename": "data_07582.npz", "report": "Patient screened with no symptoms of illness or any concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No positive or pending tests. No exposure to infected individuals. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "age": 85.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "Patient screened with no symptoms of illness or any concerning symptoms or comorbidities. No positive or pending tests. No exposure to infected individuals. Glaucoma not mentioned.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07583", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07583.jpg", "filename": "data_07583.npz", "report": "The patient had cataract surgery, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and mild ocular hypertension. No obvious signs of glaucoma were found in tests. Diabetes control was stressed.", "age": 61.44, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: s/p cataract surgery ou (dr. PERSON), open pc od, s/p yag cap os t2dm, a1c 7.8% - mild nonprolif diabetic retinopathy refr error mild ohtn - PERSON oct borderline inferior thinning os, very slight progression since DATE_TIME - hvf unreliable DATE_TIME, scattered defects os > od plan: mac oct now rx=m no obvious signs glaucoma on testing, iop ok, observe for now, repeat every few yrs blood sugar control stressed DATE_TIME with mac oct vnorth, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had cataract surgery, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and mild ocular hypertension. No obvious signs of glaucoma were found in tests. Diabetes control was stressed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07584", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07584.jpg", "filename": "data_07584.npz", "report": "71-year-old male has difficulty with night vision, diagnosed with presbyopia, a suspect for glaucoma with a family history, and cataract present prominently in the right eye. Planning for surgery.", "age": 71.1, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "71 y.o. male presents for DATE_TIME follow-up difficulty with night vision assessment: 1. presbyopia \u00ff 2. glaucoma suspect +family hx of glaucoma; mother went blind at 88 - cups to 0.8 ou - iop wnl >>monitor disc photos 02/17 cct 02/17 oct 02/17 3. cataract ou. od>os visually significant patient c/o: -difficulty driving -difficulty reading -glare reviewed options of observe versus ce with patient. risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. questions answered. pt elects to proceed. plan: > ce od surgical planning: block/topical: anti-coagulants: brow: dilates: alpha blocker: iol options reviewed with patient. refractive target plan: refractive options reviewed with patient. all questions answered. the patient understands that glasses may be needed for distance or reading and that discussion about refractive target is not a guarantee to be spectacle independent. plan: schedule LOCATION follow-up for pre-op visit mary kate ames scribing for dr. PERSON.", "gpt4_summary": "71-year-old male has difficulty with night vision, diagnosed with presbyopia, a suspect for glaucoma with a family history, and cataract present prominently in the right eye. Planning for surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07585", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07585.jpg", "filename": "data_07585.npz", "report": "84-year-old male patient has moderate to severe glaucoma, especially severe on the left side. The patient also has atopic colitis, dermatitis, and thin CCTs. Glaucoma treatment options and the importance of follow-ups were discussed. Doubt of optic neuropathy's existence was raised.", "age": 84.98, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "84 y.o.m new patient to me last seen by PERSON of LOCATION. eye associates atopic colitis atopic dermatitis # poag moderate od severe os apd os cct thin 467 ou gonio wide open oct severe thinning os>od hvf od sa, os dense sup alt and inferotemp depressions tmax unknown tcurrent 11,12 t goal =<12 diagnosis of glaucoma discussed with patient and family - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. possibility of previous optic neuropathy os discussed, denies gca ros, counseled on precautions . all questions answered. # cataracts ou - mild -d/w patient and family that decreased va os is likely due to optic nerve damage and less likely due to cataract ce iol unlikely to be beneficial rb ratio plan continue current drops : brimonidine ou bid dorzolamide ou bid timolol ou bid latanoprost ou qhs pt to see dr kim q3-4m return here prn", "gpt4_summary": "84-year-old male patient has moderate to severe glaucoma, especially severe on the left side. The patient also has atopic colitis, dermatitis, and thin CCTs. Glaucoma treatment options and the importance of follow-ups were discussed. Doubt of optic neuropathy's existence was raised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07586", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07586.jpg", "filename": "data_07586.npz", "report": "The patient is under evaluation for vision loss, with left optic neuropathy and disc pallor observed. A reliable MRI brain/orbit found no structural lesions. Potential for NAION exists. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 77.36, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "examination is attached in detail photos -DATE_TIME healthy disc od, pale os optical coherence tomography -DATE_TIME perimetry NRPME hvf 24-2 fast od: moderately reliable, inferior arcuate loss os: unreliable, ? concentric peripheral loss neuroimaging - mri brain/orbit PERSON, fat-suppressed orbital sequences DATE_TIME i reviewed these sequences and there are no apparent structural lesions to account for the observed left optic nerve pallor formulation: this DATE_TIME man presents for evaluation of vision loss. the history is exceedingly vague, but he developed vision loss os at some point between exams with PERSON (DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME); he does not know if this was step-wise or not but does not recall pain. the exam reveals a left optic neuropathy (20/200 va, dychromatopsia, PERSON, disc pallor). his work-up has included an mri brain/orbit with contrast, including fat-suppressed orbital sequences, without any structural explanation. naion is a possibility, though his visual field is somewhat unusual for that diagnosis. i suggested we obtain esr, crp, cbc, and fta-abs with a plan to follow-up in DATE_TIME impressions: 1. optic neuropathy with pallor os, ? missed naion recommendations 1. esr, crp, LOCATION, fta-abs DATE_TIME. f/u 3-4 mo, sooner prn changes 3. monocular precautions 4. avoid systemic hypotension, consider transitioning DATE_TIME to shorter-acting medication such as captopril without qhs dose if no suggestion of nocturnal hypertension PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is under evaluation for vision loss, with left optic neuropathy and disc pallor observed. A reliable MRI brain/orbit found no structural lesions. Potential for NAION exists. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07587", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07587.jpg", "filename": "data_07587.npz", "report": "Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. Normal optic nerves & visual fields. No history of glaucoma procedures. Father has ocular hypertension. Central corneal thickness: 579/581. Plan: Monitoring, possible treatment.", "age": 49.83, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect of both eyes target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 579 / 581 corneal hysteresis: 9.8/9.4 gonioscopy: trabecular meshwork refractive error: od +0.75 . -2.75 . 095 / os +0.75 . -2.50 . 085 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: father with ocular htn steroids: no trauma: no asthma: yes other medical history and problems: initial note: ocular hypertension, central corneal thickness 580 both eyes, father with ocular hypertension, open to trabecular meshwork. plan: long discussion of ocular hypertension treatment study and risk which i estimate at a bit lower than 10% over DATE_TIME given central corneal thickness and healthy nerves. i recommend treatment, but observation is reasonable. she prefers to observe. reviewed that she is young and also discussed selective laser trabeculoplasty will check back in DATE_TIME with repeat visual field, optical coherence tomography and dilation.", "gpt4_summary": "Glaucoma suspected in both eyes. Normal optic nerves & visual fields. No history of glaucoma procedures. Father has ocular hypertension. Central corneal thickness: 579/581. Plan: Monitoring, possible treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07588", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07588.jpg", "filename": "data_07588.npz", "report": "The patient likely has low tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye and early stage in the left. There is evidence of myopia and posterior vitreous detachment, with previously reported hemorrhagic PVD in the left. No new symptoms.", "age": 62.6, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "attending assessment and plan: 1. likely low tension glaucoma ou, early os, moderate od, no signs on pds NRP, diagnosed in his DATE_TIME. nocturnal bp drop (100/60), s/p laser before. - per records h/o PERSON ou DATE_TIME - t max low 20s (per pt), has been in high/mid teen for DATE_TIME on LOCATION. - thicker ks 570 ou - gonio open, normal ptm - DATE_TIME oct rnfl thinning od>os, stable. hvf od possibly worse in 9/17, stable in DATE_TIME - iop goal low teens od, mid teens os - at goal ou DATE_TIME rtc: cont betimol qam ou and PERSON - will consider slt od vs changing to alphagan. - note to PERSON q6mo for od. - rtc in 3-4 mo for iop check. 2. myopia ou - stable - no holes or tears noted 3. pvd ou, os>od wtih h/o hemorrhagic pvd os prior - no new symoptoms, seen in er DATE_TIME plan: per dr. PERSON 4. early ns ou - observe - other: pt used to see dr. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient likely has low tension glaucoma, moderate in the right eye and early stage in the left. There is evidence of myopia and posterior vitreous detachment, with previously reported hemorrhagic PVD in the left. No new symptoms.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07589", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07589.jpg", "filename": "data_07589.npz", "report": "Patient has periphery lattice, myopia, dry eye disease, family history of age-related macular degeneration but no current evidence, and mild refractive error. No signs of glaucoma evident.", "age": 55.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "periphery lattice superiorly and few patches inferiorly lattice superiorly and few patches inferiorly refraction manifest refraction sphere cylinder dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right -0.50 sphere 20/20 +2.00 j1+ left -0.50 sphere 20/20 +2.00 j1+ final rx sphere cylinder dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right -0.50 sphere 20/20 +2.00 j1+ left -0.50 sphere 20/20 +2.00 j1+ expiration date: DATE_TIME assessment and plan 55 m hx pituitary macroadenoma s/p resection (DATE_TIME) here for DATE_TIME eye exam. last visit here in DATE_TIME with PERSON pituitary macroadenoma s/p resection (DATE_TIME) - doing well [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou [ oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline superior thinning od, within normal limits os, otherwise stable from prior [ mri DATE_TIME with stable postoperative changes in sella, no evidence of tumor progression, no mass effect on optic nerves or chiasm - no clinical evidence of optic neuropathy or chiasmal syndrome - monitor # s/p PERSON, both eyes (DATE_TIME). doing well. has minimal myopia at this time. # dry eye disease, both eyes, asymptomatic. associated with previous refractive surgery. # family history of age-related macular degeneration (mother, grandparents). - no evidence of age-related macular degeneration at this time. # refractive error (mild myopia with presbyopia) - new mrx given DATE_TIME to patient. rtc in DATE_TIME with hvf and oct rnfl; sooner prn wai pgy3 ?i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident. i have reviewed the resident's notes and made any applicable changes above. PERSON md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has periphery lattice, myopia, dry eye disease, family history of age-related macular degeneration but no current evidence, and mild refractive error. No signs of glaucoma evident.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07590", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07590.jpg", "filename": "data_07590.npz", "report": "The patient visited for glaucoma. Vital signs are normal & patient is a never-smoker. Visual acuity & intraocular pressure were measured, but no eyeglass prescription was found. Current medication is albuterol. No allergies noted.", "age": 24.17, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON date of birth: DATE_TIME patient PERSON: Institution dept phone #: PHONE_NUMBER dept fax #: PHONE_NUMBER ryan c. chan DATE_TIME 10:20 am office visit PERSON: 1053222 provider: PERSON, LOCATION: Institution glaucoma main campus patient demographics address phone e-mail address PHONE_NUMBER (home) PHONE_NUMBER (mobile) *preferred* EMAIL_ADDRESS information date of birth sex race ethnicity preferred language preferred written language DATE_TIME male NRP no NRP NRP future appointments provider department center DATE_TIME, PERSON medical group reason for visit glaucoma new patient vital signs/measurements smoking status never smoker your visual acuity as measured during DATE_TIME's visit (snellen - linear) right left dist sc PHONE_NUMBER2 your intraocular pressure measured during DATE_TIME's visit (PERSON , DATE_TIME) right left pressure 18 16 no eyeglass prescription found allergies as of DATE_TIME pollen extracts medications and orders your current medications albuterol 90 mcg/actuation inhaler (taking) inhale 2 puffs into the lungs every 6 (DATE_TIME as needed for wheezing. your orders normal orders this visit PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME health care maintenance mixed hyperlipidemia left buttock pain malaise and fatigue results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient visited for glaucoma. Vital signs are normal & patient is a never-smoker. Visual acuity & intraocular pressure were measured, but no eyeglass prescription was found. Current medication is albuterol. No allergies noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07591", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07591.jpg", "filename": "data_07591.npz", "report": "Patient has myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild amblyopia, history of staph marginal keratitis, and iritis. No signals of glaucoma or autoimmune diseases. Cataract is in initial stage.", "age": 56.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "impression and plan: DATE_TIME who works in insurance. previously followed by URLoeke and URLsan for staph marginal keratitis. 1. myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia os > od -mild amblyopia os -updated rx for eyeglasses provided DATE_TIME. 2. hx of staph marginal keratitis - no more episodes since last visit with URLsan (DATE_TIME) - observe 3. hx iritis od - diagnosed DATE_TIME, very mild, in setting of corneal abrasion - no known autoimmune diseases or preceding trauma - no inflammation DATE_TIME. incipient cataract ou -bcva remain excellent. 5. PERSON - no concerning features - monitor 6. ?optic nerve head PERSON notes (URLsan) -no evidence DATE_TIME. will obtain PERSON next visit (time constraints DATE_TIME) -vf and oct on normal ou rtc DATE_TIME after bscan, before if needed PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, mild amblyopia, history of staph marginal keratitis, and iritis. No signals of glaucoma or autoimmune diseases. Cataract is in initial stage.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07592", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07592.jpg", "filename": "data_07592.npz", "report": "50-year-old male, suspect for glaucoma due to large c/d ratio, but no family history. IOP normal, CCT thick. Minor superior thinning in right eye. Presbyopia present.", "age": 50.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "50 y.o. man with sleep apnea and hypothyroidism \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect: large c/d ratio ou, symmetric, likely physiologic - no fhx of glaucoma, but reports that children also have large c:d - iop normal - cct: thick, 610s; true iop lower - nfl DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning, os normal - nfl oct DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou \u00ff - hvf DATE_TIME reliable and full ou - baseline hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, full ou \u00ff 2. presbyopia --refractive error plan: mrx given per patient's pereference \u00ff \u00ff rtc DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old male, suspect for glaucoma due to large c/d ratio, but no family history. IOP normal, CCT thick. Minor superior thinning in right eye. Presbyopia present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07593", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07593.jpg", "filename": "data_07593.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, and is at higher risk due to their father's history of the disease. They had a soccer ball trauma and require eyedrops and patching.", "age": 53.39, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "previously seen by dr. PERSON \u00ff glaucoma suspect ou fhx (father s/p laser, on eyedrops), c/d iop borderline hight, but better with t corr -6 +blunt trauma with soccer ball (likely os, but not sure) around DATE_TIME which required eyedrops and patching gonio deep to PERSON and tm nasal/temp. will follow gonio as he may need lpi in coming decade(s). discussed ohts study. patient wishes to monitor for now. latent hyperopia and presbyopia ou otc readers discussed f/up DATE_TIME with dilation (only phenyl 2.5%), oct rnfl/gcc, sooner prn by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma, and is at higher risk due to their father's history of the disease. They had a soccer ball trauma and require eyedrops and patching.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07594", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07594.jpg", "filename": "data_07594.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, arteriosclerotic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Had visual tests done.", "age": 60.78, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "bottle(s); date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. your orders future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME DATE_TIME oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME DATE_TIME optic disc photos - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder arteriosclerotic heart disease glaucoma atrial fibrillation hyperlipidemia type 2 diabetes mellitus hypertriglyceridemia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, hypertensive disorder, arteriosclerotic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Had visual tests done.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07595", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07595.jpg", "filename": "data_07595.npz", "report": "62 y.o. black, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 62.3, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 62 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "62 y.o. black, non-hispanic female has no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07596", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07596.jpg", "filename": "data_07596.npz", "report": "The 72-year-old female patient has had a stable recovery from previous treatments and procedures. There is deposition and disruption in the retina of the right eye. She is identified as a glaucoma suspect, with anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, and has a family history of glaucoma. Dry eye syndrome is being managed well. She also has anterior basement membrane dystrophy. No current use of steroids.", "age": 73.02, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72 y.o. female # s/p phaco/PERSONME; os DATE_TIME -doing well # csr od - s/p focal laser on DATE_TIME and pdt on DATE_TIME (va prior to pdt was 20/30) - va stable and srf resolved after pdt - had fa done on DATE_TIME: report 'window defect, no leakage' - taking ocuvite - no steroids: no cream, no inhalers (last took flonase in DATE_TIME) - instructed patient to avoid steroids: pt took prednisone in DATE_TIME urine cortisol results: was DATE_TIME, normal - remains quiescent -stable per dr. PERSON -- return prn -oct DATE_TIME: od: subfoveal rpe disruption and deposits, no fluid. # choroidal nevus od -flat, no concerning features -monitor # glaucoma suspect / anatomic narrow angles ou -s/PERSONly incr c/d os>od -strong famhx: father, brother -tmax: 18/17 -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou -oct DATE_TIME: normal ou -pachy: PERSON >low suspicion at this time; monitor # dry eye syndrome -doing well on restasis bid ou--continue # anterior basement membrane dystrophy ou -asymptomatic >observe f/u 6 mos: coe", "gpt4_summary": "The 72-year-old female patient has had a stable recovery from previous treatments and procedures. There is deposition and disruption in the retina of the right eye. She is identified as a glaucoma suspect, with anatomically narrow angles in both eyes, and has a family history of glaucoma. Dry eye syndrome is being managed well. She also has anterior basement membrane dystrophy. No current use of steroids.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07597", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07597.jpg", "filename": "data_07597.npz", "report": "The patient is currently stable and has mild papilledema and left optic atrophy seemingly due to past pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. There's no presence of glaucoma.", "age": 40.29, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "appear slightly worse than DATE_TIME. she has only mild papilledema currently, but the presence of high watermark changes indicates that the swelling was more serious in the past, and there is relative pallor of the left optic disc. oct confirms mild-moderate left>right optic atrophy my overall impression is: pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, idiopathic vs secondary to tetracyclines, with evidence of prior optic nerve damage but currently stable or at most mildly worse without treatment. my plan is: - observe without medicines for now, though given the possible worsening, i will re-check visual function sooner - encourage weight loss efforts that are gradual and sustainable, with a goal weight loss of 24 lbs over DATE_TIME. - suggest to dermatology to continue to use alternative medicines outside of the tetracycline class of antibiotics (doxycycline and minocycline) i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is currently stable and has mild papilledema and left optic atrophy seemingly due to past pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. There's no presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07598", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07598.jpg", "filename": "data_07598.npz", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma and narrow ou angles. They had SLT surgery on both eyes with reduced eye drops, had trusopt but experienced stinging. Stable results with CCT at 480 and ONH at 0.6/0.7, but worsening DP and worse VF in the right eye. They responded well to PHACO and ECP procedures. Their dry eye condition improved with artificial tears, and are recovering well post left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy. Past shingles case noted.", "age": 75.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1. ?mixed mechanism glaucoma ou: pt s/p slt od, pre-op iop DATE_TIME, stable with 2 gtts (down from 3 gtts). s/p alt os. narrow angles ou s/PERSON, angles not occludable. pt not very tolerant of the trusopt -> stinging. no asthma. - cct 480 ou, tmax 30/27 - gdx stable ou, DATE_TIME worse os. - onh 0.6/0.7, stable ou, however, dp's worse DATE_TIME from DATE_TIME in os, stable in od vf 1/12 worse od. on worse os in 3/12, vf worse od in DATE_TIME, better in 8/13 s/p slt os in 3/12, good response (24 -> 12) s/p slt od in DATE_TIME, iop ok afterwards. s/p phaco/ ecp od DATE_TIME (330 deg, 0.25-0.3mw, iv solumedrol) s/p phaco/iol os DATE_TIME ? s/p slt os 7/14 w/ good response (15 -> 11) goal iop low teens od, low teens os - at goal DATE_TIME. ? plan: c/w combigan ou bid. - xal ou qhs. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check. ? 2. s/p ce/ecp od DATE_TIME, aim plano s/p ce/iol os DATE_TIME. ? plan: mrx given in DATE_TIME ? 3. dry eye - artificial tears are helping ? 4. s/p status post left orbitotomy with biopsy of left lacrimal gland (dr. PERSON) and culture proven bacterial dacryoadenitis - no tumor. doing well. hx of shingles in the back in 2/12. ? other: pt would like to refer her doctor to see me. pt had eye pain w/ LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma and narrow ou angles. They had SLT surgery on both eyes with reduced eye drops, had trusopt but experienced stinging. Stable results with CCT at 480 and ONH at 0.6/0.7, but worsening DP and worse VF in the right eye. They responded well to PHACO and ECP procedures. Their dry eye condition improved with artificial tears, and are recovering well post left orbitotomy and lacrimal gland biopsy. Past shingles case noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07599", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07599.jpg", "filename": "data_07599.npz", "report": "55 yo patient with hypertension, history of multiple CVAs, and substance abuse has vision changes, no significant retinopathy or edema but vessel attenuation noted. Bilateral abnormalities on CT chest suggestive of malignancy. No glaucoma, normal IOP.", "age": 57.27, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 yo patient last visit to me DATE_TIME pmh per pcp note: ckd (baseline around cr 1.6 since DATE_TIME), multiple cvas (last in DATE_TIME, w residual r sided weakness), htn, psa (cocaine, etoh, ?other, last use DATE_TIME), seen in clinic with htn and vision changes, referred to ed for htnsive emergency, found to be cachectic and inpatient team initiated malignancy w/u now found to have b/l abnormalities on ct chest. 1. hx hypertensive emergency - no significant retinopathy, does have vessel attenuation/ wiring - nerve sharp - slight mottling of foveal reflex ou but no edema seen clinically and refracts to 20/20- observe - ? tortuous v. abnormal vessel on the temporal edge of the disc os-- resolved DATE_TIME. restricted visual field, left sided, ou (homonymous field cut) - longstanding per patient, with history of multiple cvas - hvf: l homonymous hemianopsia - - note: patient doesn't drive because of this URLd c/d asymmetry, od 0.3, os 0.4 - iop wnl - gonio next visit - hvf: l homonymous hemianopsia with appearance with possible superior arcuate ou - rnfl oct-- poor signal strength, diffuse thinning ou 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. plan: followup in DATE_TIME for gonio, repeat rnfl oct _____________________ PERSON, md comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "55 yo patient with hypertension, history of multiple CVAs, and substance abuse has vision changes, no significant retinopathy or edema but vessel attenuation noted. Bilateral abnormalities on CT chest suggestive of malignancy. No glaucoma, normal IOP.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07600", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07600.jpg", "filename": "data_07600.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma, possibly due to steroid response. Suffered from ocular hypertension; IOP improved slightly after stopping steroid nasal spray. Opted to start on latanoprost for treatment. No family history of glaucoma.", "age": 68.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. she was followed at joslin DATE_TIME for comprehensive exams. she was noted to have ocular hypertension since DATE_TIME. her iop slightly improved after d/c'ing steroid nasal spray, but was still considered too high. she is here for glaucoma evaluation. diagnosis: mild primary open angle glaucoma versus steroid response ou target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 584 / 585 gonioscopy: cbb, 2+ pigment refractive error: od +1.75 . -1.75 . ? / os +2.00 . LOCATION . 095 optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): 0.45, superior/inferior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): 0.45, borderline superior thinning/inferior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): few superior non-specific defects visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): few superior non-specific defects medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: no steroids: steroid nasal spray stopped in DATE_TIME, occasional steroid injections for back trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. mild primary open angle glaucoma vs steroid response ou -target iop 18 -discussed laser vs drops -opted to started latanoprost 2. diabetes without retinopathy ou -dilated at joslin -bg control -annual dfe plan: -start latanoprost 1/1 rtc in DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with mild primary open angle glaucoma, possibly due to steroid response. Suffered from ocular hypertension; IOP improved slightly after stopping steroid nasal spray. Opted to start on latanoprost for treatment. No family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07601", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07601.jpg", "filename": "data_07601.npz", "report": "The 58-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect due to large c/d ou and is being monitored. She has history of chronic left cn vi palsy and sphenoid wing meningioma. She has nonvisually significant cataracts, presbyopia, and astigmatism.", "age": 58.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 yro female with chronic left cn vi palsy s/p stereotactic radiation for sphenoid wing meningioma ? 1. glaucoma suspect secondary to large c/d ou -max iop 15/16, DATE_TIME iop: 14/14 - cct 520 ou -no family history - hvf DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME full ou - hrt DATE_TIME superior thinning ou - oct DATE_TIME od wnl os nasal thinning, borderline inferior DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME od wnl os borderline nasal thinning DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: PERSON, will monitor DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 and DATE_TIME. chronic left vi palsy s/p stereotactic radiation for sphenoid wing meningioma - secondary ret from fixation preference os - likes current ground-in prisms 10 pd bo od and 10 pd bo os - ret distance>near through current specs - rx ground-in prisms as written d 10 pd bo od and 10 pd bo os n 10 pd bo od and 5 pd bo os - observe; rtc sooner for any change 3. mild mixed astigmat od, myopic astigmat os, presbyopia - rx=mrx given to pt - add +2.75 ou after trial framed 4. cataracts os>od - nonvisually significant - observe", "gpt4_summary": "The 58-year-old female patient is a glaucoma suspect due to large c/d ou and is being monitored. She has history of chronic left cn vi palsy and sphenoid wing meningioma. She has nonvisually significant cataracts, presbyopia, and astigmatism.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07602", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07602.jpg", "filename": "data_07602.npz", "report": "The clinical note indicated the patient takes several medications for various health conditions but shows no specific presence of glaucoma. Conditions listed include uterine leiomyoma, low back pain, thyroid nodule, sleep apnea and others.", "age": 61.33, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "not available; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. budesonide-formoterol (symbicort) 160-4.5 mcg/actuation inhaler (taking) inhale 2 puffs into the lungs 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am metal med transfer process guaifenesin-codeine (guaiatussin ac) 100-10 mg/5 ml liquid (taking) take 5-10 ml (10-20 mg of codeine total) by mouth 4 (four) times a day as needed for cough. hyoscyamine (anaspaz,LOCATION) 0.125 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth every 4 (DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am metal med transfer process losartan-hydrochlorothiazide (hyzaar) 50-12.5 mg per tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON (singulair) 10 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth nightly. PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am metal med transfer process pantoprazole (protonix) 40 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth 2 (two) times a day. PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am metal med transfer process simvastatin (zocor) 40 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME 4:54 am metal med transfer process your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME uterine leiomyoma low back pain degenerative joint disease of hand mantoux: positive migraine asthma thyroid nodule sleep apnea hypertensive disorder irritable bowel syndrome postmenopausal bleeding acute bronchitis urinary frequency results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note indicated the patient takes several medications for various health conditions but shows no specific presence of glaucoma. Conditions listed include uterine leiomyoma, low back pain, thyroid nodule, sleep apnea and others.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07603", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07603.jpg", "filename": "data_07603.npz", "report": "The note indicates a diagnosis of severe primary open angle glaucoma. There's history of endophthalmitis in the left eye and both eyes underwent trabeculectomy and cataract extraction.", "age": 82.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "sphere cylinder axis right LOCATION -2.00 160 left -PHONE_NUMBER assessment and plan first seen by PERSONn DATE_TIME diagnosis: severe primary open angle glaucoma last note with intraocular pressure 5/3 locally, had endophthalmitis left eye target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 535 / 540 gonioscopy: open both eyes refractive error: PERSON . LOCATION . 160 / os -PHONE_NUMBER optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: average retinal nerve fiber layer 75 um optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: average retinal nerve fiber layer 70um visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: no drops glaucoma procedures right eye: trabeculectomy glaucoma procedures left eye: trabeculectomy other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: mother and sister (no surgeries, no blindness) steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none (though does have bronchiectasis) other medical history and problems: bronchiectasis, arthritis plan: initial note: va 20/30 both eyes, but vision is blurry left eye intraocular pressure 4 in right eye and 1 in left eye. no leak in either eye, ac is formed. no choroidals left eye bleb does appear very elevated, likely overfiltration some real risk of difficulty closing the wound if we revise. she will consider, but if not terribly bothered i would hesitate to operate.", "gpt4_summary": "The note indicates a diagnosis of severe primary open angle glaucoma. There's history of endophthalmitis in the left eye and both eyes underwent trabeculectomy and cataract extraction.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07604", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07604.jpg", "filename": "data_07604.npz", "report": "The patient has optic nerve head drusen, causing moderate visual field loss in her left eye and bilateral reduction in ganglion cell complex. Unclear presence of latent hyperopia. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 38.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "fibrosis. 3.16 6.94 DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME, summary. this patient clearly has optic nerve head drusen, which has caused moderate reduction of visual field in her left eye and bilateral reduction in ganglion cell complex in both eyes. the relatively greater loss of ganglion cell complex is associated with a high mean devi9ation score on the automated visual field test. i explained in some detail how drusen can cause progressive visual loss, and how it can at times also cause a sudden change in vision due to a (presumed) ischemic event. i also explained how most patients retain central vision even when there is significant peripheral loss of vision. she has been using reading glasses since DATE_TIME ! i performed a cursory refraction over her contact lenses and found that she seems to have some unaccounted for hyperopia (NRP od; LOCATION). as such, she may have a degree of latent hyperopia that could explain why she feels that she tires easily with prolonged near work and thus continues to use reading glasses at work. it is very unlikely, however, that she has enough latent hyperopia (which would have to be judged with a cycloplegic refraction) to explain why she felt the need to wear reading glasses at DATE_TIME, other than for the comfort of the added magnification. impression: 1. optic nerve head drusen, both eyes, with more significant reduction in visual fields os 2. question of latent hyperopia recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. return to see you as scheduled i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the imaging studies with the patient) and finalizing the note.] PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has optic nerve head drusen, causing moderate visual field loss in her left eye and bilateral reduction in ganglion cell complex. Unclear presence of latent hyperopia. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07605", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07605.jpg", "filename": "data_07605.npz", "report": "The patient, under thoracic surgery, had a CT scan. The note mentions glaucoma in the main campus, tests on optic nerves and a condition list naming 'Glaucoma suspect of left eye' among others. No immunizations were administered.", "age": 64.44, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "table. you are discharged immediately and you may resume your normal diet. make sure you drink plenty of fluids for DATE_TIME unless otherwise contraindicated. if you become constipated make sure you speak to the physician that ordered the test. contrast reactions happen rarely after leaving the hospital. however if you develop a skin rash, difficulty breathing or severe nausea or vomiting please contact your physician. if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the closest emergency room. the technologist cannot discuss results with you. the ct scan will be reviewed by a radiologist and the results will be sent to the doctor who ordered your exam. thank-you for allowing us to care for you during your ct scan DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON thoracic surgery 617-732-6824 DATE_TIME DATE_TIMEtech Institution glaucoma main campus 617-573-3670 DATE_TIME DATE_TIMEon, PERSONtitution glaucoma main campus PHONE_NUMBER future orders complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl as directed DATE_TIME orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME sleep disorder joint pain benign prostatic hyperplasia allergic rhinitis raynaud's syndrome adenomatous polyp of colon dysplastic nevus of skin nevus of choroid of right eye glaucoma suspect of left eye posterior vitreous detachment of left eye opacity of lung on imaging study elevated psa results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, under thoracic surgery, had a CT scan. The note mentions glaucoma in the main campus, tests on optic nerves and a condition list naming 'Glaucoma suspect of left eye' among others. No immunizations were administered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07606", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07606.jpg", "filename": "data_07606.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to borderline intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye more than left. Also has nuclear sclerosis.", "age": 59.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: glaucoma suspect--borderline iop on LOCATION and PERSON hvf ou DATE_TIME; borderline rnfl thinning od>os (less than interp DATE_TIME) cct 524/554 nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: cpm rx=m art tears prn 6 PERSON and repeat hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma due to borderline intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fiber thinning in the right eye more than left. Also has nuclear sclerosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07607", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07607.jpg", "filename": "data_07607.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye, mild stage in the left, early cataracts, and possible eye inflammation due to herpetic cause. Noncompliance has worsened condition. Requires reading glasses and possible surgery.", "age": 65.28, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma ou moderate stage od/mild stage os: cct 600/600 tm (20's by recollection); history of noncompliance vf od sa defect with likely progression as a result of noncompliance oct inf defect od 2. early cataracts ou: minimally visually significant plan: monitor 3. PERSON: - will likely need reading glasses eventually dw pt \u00ff plan s/p phaco right eye post-op inflammation suspicious for herpetic cause s/p tap/inject with retina in case of endophthalmitis DATE_TIME; cultures with no growth started on valtrex saw PERSON who felt this might be herpetic also intraocular pressure is higher visual field and rnfl oct both worse in right eye already on maximally tolerated medical therapy right eye may need tube soon - continue combigan and dorzolamide bid lumigan left eye (holding right eye due to possible herpetic cause) start rhopressa right eye proceed with yag cap right eye i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of laser capsulotomy including but not limited to the following: elevated iop, damage to the iol, PERSON of the iol, lack of desired effect, visual aberrations, prolonged inflammation, rare need for additional surgery. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. start taking valtrex DATE_TIME before laser and discharge on pred forte qid after", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open-angle glaucoma, moderate stage in right eye, mild stage in the left, early cataracts, and possible eye inflammation due to herpetic cause. Noncompliance has worsened condition. Requires reading glasses and possible surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07608", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07608.jpg", "filename": "data_07608.npz", "report": "81-year-old bipolar and Parkinson's patient has decreased vision and dry eyes with risperidone treatment. Primary open angle glaucoma detected: moderate stage in left eye, mild in right. No family history. Continued latanoprost treatment recommended.", "age": 81.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "assessment and plan 81 y.o. female with h/o bipolar disorder, parkinson's disease here for unscheduled visit, feels vision has decreased and dry eye symptoms have worsened since starting risperdone # s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME (target LOCATION d) s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME (target -2.25) -doing well, excellent DATE_TIME pco ou, not visually significant >cont wrx # primary open angle glaucoma, moderate stage os, mild stage od -incr c/d -tmax 21/20 -no famhx -pachy: DATE_TIME -oct DATE_TIME (PERSON): od thinning superiorly and inferiorly (worse); os thinning superiorly -oct DATE_TIME (cirrus): od thinning superiorly, borderline inferiorly; os superior and nasaly thinning -hvf DATE_TIME: od normal; PERSON arc defect (stable) -disc photos DATE_TIME -gonio: open ou -good iop reduction on latanoprost >possible progression on oct, but tested with different machine DATE_TIME >cont latanoprost qhs ou # anterior basement membrane dystrophy ou -asymptomatic >observe # dry eyes ou >at qid >warm compresses f/u 4 mos, iop check, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "81-year-old bipolar and Parkinson's patient has decreased vision and dry eyes with risperidone treatment. Primary open angle glaucoma detected: moderate stage in left eye, mild in right. No family history. Continued latanoprost treatment recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07609", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07609.jpg", "filename": "data_07609.npz", "report": "Patient has narrow angles, borderline occludable. Suspected low glaucoma risk due to family history. Mother and brother use eye drops for glaucoma. No change in iop. Angles opened post lpi. No glaucoma meds. Cataract present, not significant yet.", "age": 70.31, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. narrow angles ou (borderline occludable) and glaucoma suspect (low) based on family history - cct (NRP); tmax unknown (16 ou at PERSON); PERSON of glaucoma (mother and brother both use eye drops) - no change in iop with dilation; angles appear to be borderline occludable on gonioscopy - angles now open following lpi ou - s/p lpi os (DATE_TIME); s/p lpi od (DATE_TIME) - hvf full ou (likely testing technician error-related artifact in os DATE_TIME) - oct-rnfl (83/82) wnl ou - monitor without glaucoma medications - angle closure precautions reviewed with patient 2. cataract ou - not visually significant yet - follow social/systemic: takes asa 81 mg rtc DATE_TIME with hvf ou and dfe ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has narrow angles, borderline occludable. Suspected low glaucoma risk due to family history. Mother and brother use eye drops for glaucoma. No change in iop. Angles opened post lpi. No glaucoma meds. Cataract present, not significant yet.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07610", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07610.jpg", "filename": "data_07610.npz", "report": "Patient on nightly prednisolone for right eye and daily for left, shake well before use. Alternative medications listed. Contact glaucoma department for issues or inquiries, and in emergencies.\n", "age": 69.56, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (vials) the right eye 1x/night preservative-free prednisolone the left eye 1x/day shake 20 times before each use 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, Lumigan, bimatoprost, Zioptan/tafluprost (preservative-free). 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication (topical steroid) include: prednisolone acetate, pred forte, durezol, difluprednate, FML, Lotemax, loteprednol, fluorometholone. prednisolone should be shaken 20 times before placing it in the eye. always wait 5 minutes (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call. please bring this to your next visit.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on nightly prednisolone for right eye and daily for left, shake well before use. Alternative medications listed. Contact glaucoma department for issues or inquiries, and in emergencies.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07611", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07611.jpg", "filename": "data_07611.npz", "report": "62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Information recorded and verified as accurate by doctor.", "age": 62.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 62 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "62-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Information recorded and verified as accurate by doctor.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07612", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07612.jpg", "filename": "data_07612.npz", "report": "66yo patient with history of stroke, atrial fib, flutter, hypertension, coronary artery disease, aortic valve replacement, and deafness. Patient has glaucoma, making monitoring difficult. They were given a new glasses prescription.", "age": 66.13, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 yo new patient with status post right basal ganglia hemorrhagic vs. ischemic stroke with intraventricular extension DATE_TIME, paroxysmal atrial fib and flutter, hypertension, coronary artery disease status post stent placement, aortic valve replacement, deafness. status post right basal ganglia hemorrhagic vs. ischemic stroke with intraventricular extension DATE_TIME - hvf with incomplete left homonymous hemianopsia - discussed with patient this limitation and particularly that driving would be unsafe. patient does not plan to drive. glaucoma using PERSON DATE_TIME PERSON: 16,16 >t previous: unknown >tmax: >tgoal: >c/d ratio: >gonio: >cct: normal ou 543, DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME full ou >hvf: DATE_TIME incomplete l homonymous hemianopsia, making use for glaucoma monitoring more difficult >family history: unknown >race: white >optic nerve photos: continue PERSON ou refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME for mrx, NRP, gonio, disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "66yo patient with history of stroke, atrial fib, flutter, hypertension, coronary artery disease, aortic valve replacement, and deafness. Patient has glaucoma, making monitoring difficult. They were given a new glasses prescription.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07613", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07613.jpg", "filename": "data_07613.npz", "report": "The patient struggles with an active manifestation of Susac syndrome that required intensive treatment, including steroids, IVIG and rituximab. Her condition since stabilized; she remains largely asymptomatic, allowing her treatment to be reduced. She has suffered from sideritis OD with a peripheral field defect, and her automated perimetry results are normal. She is due for an MRI and an audiogram. Additionally, she has conditions including borderline hypertension, GERD, and previously had adrenal insufficiency. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 47.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "manifestation of her disease in DATE_TIME, was particularly active from DATE_TIME (tinnitus/hearing loss ad DATE_TIME), but slowing of her steroid taper and the addition of ivig and rituximab (with a higher mmf dose) seemed to arrest her disease - her fa normalized by DATE_TIME and she has remained asymptomatic since, permitting down-titration of therapy (off PERSON, pred DATE_TIME, LOCATION last dose DATE_TIME, off ivig DATE_TIME). she has had scleritis od develop DATE_TIME and is back on oral prednisone with plans to resume ivig for this. she rarely notices her far superotemporal field defect od as prior (too peripheral to capture on automated perimetry) and she has no other symptoms clearly reflective of active susac. DATE_TIME's examination does not reveal any gass plaques and automated perimetry remains normal. she is scheduled for an mri within DATE_TIME. i suggested we repeat an audiogram since she has been off of treatment since DATE_TIME. she is getting serial fas with PERSON. impressions 1. susac syndrome - non-embolic braos od (DATE_TIME) and os (DATE_TIME), roaring tinnitus (albeit without audiogram) DATE_TIME. migraine with visual aura 3. borderline systemic hypertension (iatrogenic) 4. borderline ocular hypertension (iatrogenic) 5. iatrogenic gerd 6. history of vaginal bleeding now s/p ablation 7. adrenal insufficiency, now resolved 8. nevus inferior to optic disc os 9. scleritis od DATE_TIME recommendations: - f/u mri brain (upcoming) - f/u audiogram - next fa tentatively ~DATE_TIME with PERSON/u with PERSON/u here ~3 mo, sooner prn - ivig and prednisone per PERSON, PERSON, md neuro ophthalmology DATE_TIME spent in the care of this patient", "gpt4_summary": "The patient struggles with an active manifestation of Susac syndrome that required intensive treatment, including steroids, IVIG and rituximab. Her condition since stabilized; she remains largely asymptomatic, allowing her treatment to be reduced. She has suffered from sideritis OD with a peripheral field defect, and her automated perimetry results are normal. She is due for an MRI and an audiogram. Additionally, she has conditions including borderline hypertension, GERD, and previously had adrenal insufficiency. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07614", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07614.jpg", "filename": "data_07614.npz", "report": "73-year-old with hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, anxiety, seeing less clearly. Glasses help with night vision, no new distortion, using areds 2. C/D asymmetry, mild blepharitis and dry eyes, cataracts, intermediate non-neovascular AMD, PVD. No sign of glaucoma.", "age": 73.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "73 yo retired school teacher with history of hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, anxiety PERSONME urgent visit DATE_TIME: PERSON os x 3 wks also feels she used to see musicians on stage more clearly in past, glasses help with night vision no new distortion, taking areds 2 \u00ff 1. c/d asymmetry os>od tm 16/15. cct PERSON (thin). PERSON (great aunt) gonio 8/05: open ou hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON few paracentral losses. os full hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os few paracentral losses hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: od full; os one consistent paracentral focal defect (since DATE_TIME, stable) oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou hrt DATE_TIME: appears PERSON ou (decr quality os) >> continue to follow closely \u00ff 2. mild blepharitis/dry eyes with mgd -encourage art tears, warm compresses, lid hygiene. reviewed wc again DATE_TIME \u00ff 3. cataracts ou >> updated mrx DATE_TIME DATE_TIME \u00ff 4. intermediate nonneovascular amd ou, PERSON amd (mother, sister received injections) >> continue healthy lifestyle, limit uv light. amsler monitoring, NRP >> DATE_TIME: retina consultation for possible further intervention/studies - did not follow up as she was not interested in high dose statins, and husband was ill >> DATE_TIME DATE_TIME large ped ou, sliver of srf os >> refer to retina \u00ff 5. pvd ou -intermittently sx -new photopsias os x 3 wks >> rd precautions - no breaks on exam DATE_TIME 6. dermatochalasis ou m PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "73-year-old with hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, anxiety, seeing less clearly. Glasses help with night vision, no new distortion, using areds 2. C/D asymmetry, mild blepharitis and dry eyes, cataracts, intermediate non-neovascular AMD, PVD. No sign of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07615", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07615.jpg", "filename": "data_07615.npz", "report": "The patient has 1+ nuclear sclerosis and 1+ cortical cataract in both eyes which may require cataract surgery. Borderline glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles is also observed, necessitating monitoring.", "age": 64.5, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visual acuity visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist cc 20/20 20/20 correction: glasses tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 21 21 tonometry #2 (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 21 21 main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal normal cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens 1+ nuclear sclerosis, 1+ cortical cataract 1+ nuclear sclerosis, 1+ cortical cataract fundus exam right left vitreous normal normal disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.2 0.2 macula fine drusen fine drusen vessels normal normal periphery normal normal problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems combined forms of age-related cataract of both eyes overview may becoming visually significant with glare current assessment & plan may consider cataract surgery soon if becomes more visually signficant plan: follow-up in DATE_TIME iop check, bat, gonio, and dfe borderline glaucoma with anatomical narrow angle overview narrow angles ou but not occludable ou; cct 578/578 tm 22/23 neg fh ; no hx of symptoms of acute angle closure, pt is mild hyperope; testing reassuring other ophthalmic issues: cortical cataracts, familial macular drusen, no srf seen current assessment & plan iop borderline, but hvf and rnfl DATE_TIME plan: monitor off drops and DATE_TIME gonio relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl (completed) PERSON, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has 1+ nuclear sclerosis and 1+ cortical cataract in both eyes which may require cataract surgery. Borderline glaucoma with anatomically narrow angles is also observed, necessitating monitoring.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07616", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07616.jpg", "filename": "data_07616.npz", "report": "Patient, a male with headache, weight gain, moderate OSA, and fibrous dysplasia, completed antibiotics for ear infection. Experiencing congestion, possibly due to allergies, nasal problems. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 16.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "management of an ear infection; there is no evidence of residual infection DATE_TIME. he was advised to complete the entire antibiotic course. f/u 6-8 weeks. assessment and recommendation update DATE_TIME: PERSON is a DATE_TIME male with a history of headache, fibrous dysplasia, weight gain, sleep disordered breathing and moderate osa on recent psg. he completed a course of allergy medications including zyrtec, nasal saline and flonase. the patient continues to experience congestion though his family has noted that while on this medication there have been some improvements in his snoring and nighttime nasal congestion. given some changes on allergy medication, it is reasonable to assess for environmental allergies and referral was placed for the patient to see allergy. he has some turbinate hypertrophy and mild nasal septal deviation which may also be contributing. the posterior nasal cavity is patent, however, and the oropharyngeal and laryngeal airways are patent on exam. could consider surgical procedures to improve nasal patency if allergy testing is unrevealing for environmental triggers. given no significant adenotonsillar or lingual tonsil hypertrophy, would consider cpap for management of his osa, though discuss that nasal surgery could ultimately help symptoms somewhat as well as cpap compliance. will continue nasal saline irrigation, flonase, zyrtec for now. advised to stop zyrtec for DATE_TIME prior to allergy visit to not interfere with testing. f/u with me in DATE_TIME. will keep upcoming visit with dr. PERSON as scheduled.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, a male with headache, weight gain, moderate OSA, and fibrous dysplasia, completed antibiotics for ear infection. Experiencing congestion, possibly due to allergies, nasal problems. No evidence of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07617", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07617.jpg", "filename": "data_07617.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma & is on dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost eye drops twice daily and nightly respectively. Also receives leuprolide injections every 3 months. Other conditions include backache, prostate cancer.", "age": 67.58, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dorzolamide-timolol (cosopt) 22.3-6.8 mg/ml ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye nightly. latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye nightly. leuprolide (lupron) 22.5 mg im injection syringe dose: 22.5 mg; form: take 1 syringekit; route: im; frequency: q3months; directions: not available; details: dispense: syringekit; status: active; source: PERSON,LOCATION,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME LOCATION ronxhi DATE_TIME received from: partners PERSON 0.5 mg tablet dose: 0.25 mg; form: take 0.5 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: as directed prn; directions: once per week. ; details: dispense: 60 tablet(s); status: active; source: PERSON,LOCATION,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr scopolamine (transderm-scop) 1.5 mg (1 mg over DATE_TIME) dose: 1.5 mg; form: not available; route: transdermal; frequency: q72h prn; directions: not available; details: duration: 30 day(s); dispense: 3 patch(es); date: DATE_TIME nikhil aher DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. condition list as of DATE_TIME backache carpal tunnel syndrome congestion of nasal sinus abnormal vision cervical spondylosis hearing loss injury of knee bundle branch block deviated nasal septum attention deficit hyperactivity disorder glaucoma lung mass malignant neoplasm of prostate shoulder pain open-angle glaucoma, moderate stage results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma & is on dorzolamide-timolol and latanoprost eye drops twice daily and nightly respectively. Also receives leuprolide injections every 3 months. Other conditions include backache, prostate cancer.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07618", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07618.jpg", "filename": "data_07618.npz", "report": "Patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension has mildly swollen optic nerves, reduced ganglion cell complex thickness, lumbar puncture pressure of 290-280-290, and blurry vision. No glaucoma indicated.", "age": 16.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient with idiopathic intercranial hypertension is doing well on diamox. on exam she has mildly swollen optic nerve heads. her mri on DATE_TIME did not reveal any abnormalities that can cause elevated intracranial pressure. the oct study on DATE_TIME showed reduced ganglion cell complex thickness map. her lumbar puncture on DATE_TIME showed pressure of 290-280-290 (0-2.5 minutes- 5 minues). she has been doing well on 500mg bid with improvement in her headaches, but continues to have blurry vision. her visual field DATE_TIME was full in both eyes. this patient with idiopathic intercranial hypertension is doing well on diamox. on exam she has mildly swollen optic nerve heads. her mri on DATE_TIME did not reveal any abnormalities that can cause elevated intracranial pressure. the oct study on DATE_TIME showed reduced ganglion cell complex thickness map. her lumbar puncture on DATE_TIME showed pressure of 290-280-290 (0-2.5 minutes- 5 minues). she has been doing well on 500mg bid with improvement in her headaches, but continues to have blurry vision. her visual field DATE_TIME was full in both eyes. impression:\u00ff 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension \u00ff\u00ff recommendations:\u00ff 1. continue on 500mg bid of diamox. 2. follow up DATE_TIME. 1. continue on 500mg bid of diamox. 2. follow up DATE_TIME. (this chart was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, LOCATION, PERSON ophthalmology resident)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension has mildly swollen optic nerves, reduced ganglion cell complex thickness, lumbar puncture pressure of 290-280-290, and blurry vision. No glaucoma indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07619", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07619.jpg", "filename": "data_07619.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on appearance and strong family history. The intraocular pressure is moderately high but untreated. Cataracts present in both eyes. The patient has Sjorgren's syndrome and a history of ocular migraines.", "age": 52.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending assessment/plan - glaucoma suspect ou based on on appearance and strong fhx. untreated iop mid teens cct 560/ 550, DATE_TIME nl ou angles slightly narrow od, not occludable in 1/17, iop did not inc w dil. goal PERSON, os under 20 plan: monitor off drops. - rtc in 12 mo for iop, humphrey visual field and dp's both eyes. PERSON gonio afterwards. - cataracts ou, nvs plan: monitor - des, has sjorgren's. plan: per dr. PERSON at ocb. - cr scar in the temp retina od - hx of ocular migraines - systemic / social issues: hx of herpes (not involving the face). pt sensitive to dil drops, can use tropic 0.5%. pt on steroid inhalers. ? PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have glaucoma based on appearance and strong family history. The intraocular pressure is moderately high but untreated. Cataracts present in both eyes. The patient has Sjorgren's syndrome and a history of ocular migraines.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07620", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07620.jpg", "filename": "data_07620.npz", "report": "Patient is a suspect of glaucoma with an enlarged c/d od, history of stable glaucoma evaluations but no data. Observed superior and temporal thinning. Switching medication to Latanoprost, referring for glaucoma.", "age": 60.62, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "LOCATION taper to tid continue atropine qd # t2d - on metformin - no retinopathy # glaucoma suspect, od: - mother with h/o glaucoma - enlarged c/d od - reportedly has had stable glaucoma evals in the past but no data - oct rnfl DATE_TIME with superior and temporal thinning - hvf DATE_TIME with nasal depression - iop DATE_TIME 20 od - stopped LOCATION after few days due to irritation plan: - switch to Latanoprost refer to glaucoma (same day as trauma f/u in DATE_TIME) \u00ff\u00ff # htn: - on lisinopril \u00ff # osa \u00ff mccoskey i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. \u00ff marisa PERSON, LOCATION director, eye trauma service Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a suspect of glaucoma with an enlarged c/d od, history of stable glaucoma evaluations but no data. Observed superior and temporal thinning. Switching medication to Latanoprost, referring for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07621", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07621.jpg", "filename": "data_07621.npz", "report": "The patient has severe glaucoma and is on five agents for intraocular pressure control. The patient desires a more aggressive treatment to halt disease progression. This includes BGI surgery, but surgery is postponed due to patient's scheduling conflict and family issues. The patient also has severe PXF glaucoma. Risks and benefits of the surgery discussed, and consents were signed. Continual follow-up is necessary to prevent vision loss.", "age": 80.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given worsening hvf ou on 5 agents for iop control ou as well as patient's desire to pursue more aggressive treatment to stop progression while minimizing eye drop burden, we will proceed with bgi od (we'll attempt LOCATION and st placement but may need in placement due to h/o trab) first given more severe glaucoma. surgery postponed due to patient's schedule and family health issues. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given worsening hvf os on 5 agents for iop control ou as well as patient's desire to pursue more aggressive treatment to stop progression while minimizing eye drop burden, we will proceed with bgi os (we'll attempt LOCATION and st placement) first. risks, benefits, and alternatives to major surgery were discussed with the patient, including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. no guarantees given. frequent follow-up for the patient's chronic illness explained including the fact that without appropriate follow-up, there's a threat of vision loss. questions answered. consents signed. no asa/blood thinners increased risk of complications due to severe pxf glaucoma implants/special equipment needed -- bgi 350; half moon cornea preferred anesthesia -- mac with block diabetic -- no pre-op medications -- topical LOCATION and antibiotic DATE_TIME prior to surgery -rtc on pod#1 s/p bgi os for va and iop check ou, sooner prn. consider same procedure od in the future if good result os. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe glaucoma and is on five agents for intraocular pressure control. The patient desires a more aggressive treatment to halt disease progression. This includes BGI surgery, but surgery is postponed due to patient's scheduling conflict and family issues. The patient also has severe PXF glaucoma. Risks and benefits of the surgery discussed, and consents were signed. Continual follow-up is necessary to prevent vision loss.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07622", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07622.jpg", "filename": "data_07622.npz", "report": "The patient is on Vyzulta (1x/night), Dorzolamide (2x/day), and Brimonidine (3x/day) for both eyes, suggesting a presence of glaucoma. Alternative medications are mentioned.", "age": 58.0, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency vyzulta (teal) both eyes 1x/night PERSON (yellow)1 both eyes 2x/day dorzolamide (orange)& both eyes 3x/day brimonidine3 (purple) both eyes 3x/day 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: timolol timoptic, timoptic xe = timolol gel-forming solution (gfs), betoptic s, LOCATION, LOCATION, ocudose (preservative-free). & some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on Vyzulta (1x/night), Dorzolamide (2x/day), and Brimonidine (3x/day) for both eyes, suggesting a presence of glaucoma. Alternative medications are mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07623", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07623.jpg", "filename": "data_07623.npz", "report": "The patient was advised to adhere strictly to medication regimen, take preservative-free artificial tears as needed and wear protective glasses at all times. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 76.72, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "qhs OU. -Emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -Monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -Preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -RTC in 3-4 months with IOP check, dilation, and disc photos OU, sooner PRN. I saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (DOCTOR, MD). I have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. The information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for DOCTOR on DATE_TIME. I was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was advised to adhere strictly to medication regimen, take preservative-free artificial tears as needed and wear protective glasses at all times. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07624", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07624.jpg", "filename": "data_07624.npz", "report": "The note indicates presence of cupping in both eyes, borderline superior thinning in the right eye, and thick central corneal thickness. No glaucoma indicated.", "age": 53.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou; normal hvf; cct thick; oct borderline sup thinning od; nl os---stable over DATE_TIME mild nuclear sclerosis ou seborrheic keratosis of rll s/p excision with oculoplastics convergence insufficiency after concussion DATE_TIME follows with neuro PERSON refr error plan: previously had fresnel prisms but does not like them and does not consistently see double not quite happy with current progressives m=rx yrly cos with hvf and optical coherence tomography i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. suggest rx=m with ground-in base in prism 3 pd both eyes; add of +1.25 for computer (LOCATION for near)", "gpt4_summary": "The note indicates presence of cupping in both eyes, borderline superior thinning in the right eye, and thick central corneal thickness. No glaucoma indicated.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07625", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07625.jpg", "filename": "data_07625.npz", "report": "The patient has pterygium, nuclear sclerosis, and cupping in both eyes. Glaucoma unlikely. Normal visual field, stable retina, thinning temp, and refractive error found.", "age": 64.57, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pterygium ou nuclear sclerosis ou cupping ou, not likely glaucomatous av cct; normal hvf ou again now and stable oct of rnfl with temp thinning ou refr error plan: rx=m glasses offered (declines) art tears offered cornea consult re. pterygia removal yrly w hvf/oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has pterygium, nuclear sclerosis, and cupping in both eyes. Glaucoma unlikely. Normal visual field, stable retina, thinning temp, and refractive error found.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07626", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07626.jpg", "filename": "data_07626.npz", "report": "Patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of 49 and mild uveitis. Two episodes of high IOP found. Possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome suggested. Continued treatment with timolol for glaucoma.", "age": 26.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "elevated iop with iop 49 and <1+cell per documentation. second episode of elevated iop DATE_TIME and found to have 1-2 cell/hpf od and at last visit with persistent 1-2 cell/hpf and 4 inferior kp - previously with abnormal angle anatomy on gonio plan: 1. mild uveitis with elevated iop, possible posner-schlossman, od: - first episode DATE_TIME with minimal ac cell in setting of iop DATE_TIME episode DATE_TIME; clinical manifestations with high iop synchronous with intraocular inflammation highly suspicious for ps syndrome vs other viral mediated inflammatory event; workup and treatment therefore deferred - ros negative - now quiet without any additional treatment; monitor - continue timolol as per glaucoma service - will see glaucoma service later today - come back asap if flare rtc DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of 49 and mild uveitis. Two episodes of high IOP found. Possible Posner-Schlossman syndrome suggested. Continued treatment with timolol for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07627", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07627.jpg", "filename": "data_07627.npz", "report": "Patient has idipathic intracranial hypertension, stable. Reports headaches after switching Diamox format, but headache characteristics unlikely related to high pressure. OCT showed reduced gcl thickness, but unchanged in recent exam. Some headaches may be due to musculoskeletal issues or bruxism. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 36.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: the patient reports recent increase in headaches, which she believes may related to changing from sequel capsules to tablets of diamox. however, this change was made in DATE_TIME and the headaches began DATE_TIME. the headaches do not sound especially like high pressure headaches, although i note that she did include the vertex in the location of some pains. her weight is the 'same', although she has not weighed herself. my exam showed no change of significance. her fundi are unchanged, with less edema than was present on the photographs of DATE_TIME. her visual fields are excellent. notably, however, the oct in the past showed reduced gcl thickness, but the repeat exam DATE_TIME showed identical readings. i doubt that her headaches are related to high pressure. some of her headaches are musculoskeletal (upper neck) and some might be related to bruxism (temporal pain, which is accentuated by opening/closing her mouth). i recommended that she address the later with her dentist. i explained again that we are using a slightly lower than typical dose, which she has wanted. she even wants to reduce further, but i did not agree to this. i re-explained the importance of weight control and i advised her to purchase a scale and to weight herself regularly to assist in the management of his condition. impression: 1. idiopathic intracranial hypertension, stable recommendations: 1. continue diamox 250 mg qam, 500 mg qpm, switch to tablets 2. follow up in DATE_TIME, or sooner with any worsening of symptoms 3. continued weight loss (with a short-term goal to lose 10-15 pounds)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has idipathic intracranial hypertension, stable. Reports headaches after switching Diamox format, but headache characteristics unlikely related to high pressure. OCT showed reduced gcl thickness, but unchanged in recent exam. Some headaches may be due to musculoskeletal issues or bruxism. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07628", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07628.jpg", "filename": "data_07628.npz", "report": "89 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Prioritizes ocular surface treatment. Scheduled FU.\n", "age": 89.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 89 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. - saw dr. PERSON, wants to treat ocular surface first plan: fu DATE_TIME mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "89 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma. Prioritizes ocular surface treatment. Scheduled FU.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07629", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07629.jpg", "filename": "data_07629.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on clinical disc ratio. An MRI ruled out a compressive lesion but showed optic atrophy. Follow-up recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye, but no treatment yet due to low intraocular pressure and thick cornea. Glaucoma information discussed with patient.", "age": 51.87, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "# glaucoma suspect based on cdr found to have apd os in DATE_TIME, referred to dr. PERSON, who ruled out compressive lesion with mri mri showed optic atrophy PERSON: distant cousins / steroids: denies / trauma: denies prior surgery: denies med intolerance: none ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 14 ou cct: 580 / 579 gonioscopy: open to ss ou rnfl oct sup thinning PERSON shows enlarged blind spot od, inferior arcuate scotoma os matching oct findings htn plan: poss early glaucoma os however iop is low and cct thick ? may be old damage discussed with patient recommend following for a little without treatment - patient agrees rtc 3-4 LOCATION, dilate ou, disc photos ou diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspect for glaucoma based on clinical disc ratio. An MRI ruled out a compressive lesion but showed optic atrophy. Follow-up recommended for possible early glaucoma in the left eye, but no treatment yet due to low intraocular pressure and thick cornea. Glaucoma information discussed with patient.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07630", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07630.jpg", "filename": "data_07630.npz", "report": "The patient is a 56-year-old male with low suspicion of glaucoma. Risks include high myopia and DM2. His eyes show thin rnfl and gcl, but it's attributed to myopia. His sugar levels are under control, with a good a1c. He has a family history of AMD, a presence of a few drusen, high myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia, and dry eyes.", "age": 56.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a a 56 y.o. male low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: high myopia, DM2 IOP WNL OU. Tcorr -6,-5 oct rnfl thin ou. gcl thin ou but myopic hvf 24-2: low reliability ou watch superonasal OD, watch superior OD DM2 discussed the importance of blood sugar control a1c is good, encouraged pt to keep good control hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c is performed by the roche tina-quant immunoassay method which does not detect (incidental) hemoglobin variants. hemoglobin electrophoresis should be ordered in patients with suspected hemoglobinopathies. +fmhx of amd mother and mgm, no treatment as far he knows few rare drusen, but macula overall look healthy ou pt does not meet criteria for areds educated pt of amd with pictures from the internet intermittent floaters ou pt has noticed for 2-3 years high myopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou pt is doing well with current glasses dry eye od>os gave pt dry eye handout recommend at's prn avoid heat/rubbing avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' f/u in DATE_TIME for hvf 24-2, oct, NRP, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 56-year-old male with low suspicion of glaucoma. Risks include high myopia and DM2. His eyes show thin rnfl and gcl, but it's attributed to myopia. His sugar levels are under control, with a good a1c. He has a family history of AMD, a presence of a few drusen, high myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia, and dry eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07631", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07631.jpg", "filename": "data_07631.npz", "report": "The patient, a 48-year-old female, has mild myopia astigmatism with early presbyopia but not glaucoma. However, she is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio. No family history of glaucoma. She also has retinal lattice degeneration.", "age": 48.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "48 yro female 1. mild myopia astigmatism ou with early presbyopia - pt has no complaint about d and n vision without glasses - ok to get otc readers +1.00 for near prn 2. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio - negative f/h glaucoma - iop DATE_TIME: 16/16 - c/d ration 0.55 in each DATE_TIME rfnl in DATE_TIME: borderline superiorly od; PERSON rfnl DATE_TIME: wnl od; borderline superiorly os - hvf 24-2 in DATE_TIME: full od; borderline os - hvf DATE_TIME 20/20: unreliable ou; full os, non-specific defect od - pt edu, will rtc in DATE_TIME for cee and oct rnfl and hvf 24-2 3. retinal lattice degeneration od; s/p laser retinopexy for retinal hole - retina intact, no srf - continue to f/u with dr. PERSON as scheduled - rd precaution reviewed with pt - rtc sooner for increased numbers of floaters, flashes of light, blurry vision or darkness in the visual field 4. PERSON, no srf - pt edu. monitor", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 48-year-old female, has mild myopia astigmatism with early presbyopia but not glaucoma. However, she is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged cup-to-disc (c/d) ratio. No family history of glaucoma. She also has retinal lattice degeneration.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07632", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07632.jpg", "filename": "data_07632.npz", "report": "Patient opted for shunt revision and cyclophotocoagulation surgeries against risks like infection, inflammation, etc. Diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with prescribed prednisolone acetate treatment.", "age": 58.17, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "shunt revision surgery including but not limited to the following: infection, bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired iop lowering, need for additional iop lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed i discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of cyclophotocoagulation surgery including but not limited to the following: bleeding, droopy lid, double vision, need for additional procedures prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment, swelling in the macula, hypotony, very rare contralateral sympathetic opthalmia, and rare loss of vision. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. relevant medications prednisolone acetate (pred FORTE) 1 % ophthalmic suspension other relevant orders case request operating room: revision glaucoma valve, cyclophotocoagulation transcleral with g probe diode laser (completed) other visit diagnoses glaucoma suspect of both eyes - primary relevant medications prednisolone acetate (pred FORTE) 1 % ophthalmic suspension other relevant orders oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc (completed) humphrey visual field - od - right eye (completed) no follow-ups on file.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient opted for shunt revision and cyclophotocoagulation surgeries against risks like infection, inflammation, etc. Diagnosed as a glaucoma suspect with prescribed prednisolone acetate treatment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07633", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07633.jpg", "filename": "data_07633.npz", "report": "The patient is taking Metoprolol Succinate, Rythmol, and Prednisone. They have conditions including arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye.", "age": 64.33, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth. reported on DATE_TIME metoprolol succinate (toprol-xl) 50 mg 24 hr tablet (taking) take 50 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. LOCATION (rythmol) 225 mg tablet (taking) take 225 mg by mouth every 8 (DATE_TIME. dose: 225 mg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: tid; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. prednisone (deltasone) 20 mg tablet reported on DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME 8:23 am received from: external pharmacy your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - condition list as of DATE_TIME arrhythmia atrial fibrillation mild stage angle recession glaucoma of left eye results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking Metoprolol Succinate, Rythmol, and Prednisone. They have conditions including arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and mild stage angle recession glaucoma in the left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07634", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07634.jpg", "filename": "data_07634.npz", "report": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma likely secondary to steroids and viral issues. Treatment has improved intraocular pressure (iop), but it's risen despite medication. Received trab/mmc treatment and diode cpc and corneal patch graft. Has eye disease Fuchs (fed), treated with dmek-ce/iol procedure. Now on medications including Azopt and Timolol. IOP is stable and good. Return clinic in 6 months for check.", "age": 84.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "monocular pt with lp right eye patient PERSON seen LOCATION in stn on DATE_TIME 1. mixed mechanism glaucoma (prob secondary to k and viral issues?) - iop elevation likely secondary to steroid response od; doubt from pas - was on chronic pf (once daily) for history of dsek/pkp od - iop had improved on mtmt and with change to PERSON; back up despite LOCATION q day - h/o cold sores, so did lab work for hsv1 and 2 igg and igm, vzv igg and igms all negative; off acyclovir - s/p trab/mmc od DATE_TIME ( 2 releasables, 1 temporal interrupted) - DATE_TIME pressure back up - 1 releasable pulled and bcl placed - iop improved and bcl removed DATE_TIME - may be steroid response to prednisolone (?), better with vexol - s/PERSON/corneal patch graft od DATE_TIME - steroid response with prednisolone - s/p diode cpc od DATE_TIME 2. fuchs (fed) - s/p failed pkp (DATE_TIME) after failed dsek od - s/p dmek-ce/iol sn60wf DATE_TIME aim -0.50, superficial keratectomy; non-preloaded os DATE_TIME - stable a. seeing dr. jurkunas plan: - on azopt, timolol,ltn right eye -- continue, no vision potential in right eye ; has been light perception for some time - pred forte left eye qd for dmek new superior arcuate os 11-6-19 despite 0.1 cdr os with stable dp os and iop = 16 left eye repeated DATE_TIME, appears stable most likely due to inferior macular scar and prior heme in that location thought to be due to polypoidal not due to glaucoma monitor for now intraocular pressure is good reviewed drops use at for dry ey i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for this patient's glaucoma, and finalizing the visit for this patient. return to clinic 6 mths intraocular pressure check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mixed mechanism glaucoma likely secondary to steroids and viral issues. Treatment has improved intraocular pressure (iop), but it's risen despite medication. Received trab/mmc treatment and diode cpc and corneal patch graft. Has eye disease Fuchs (fed), treated with dmek-ce/iol procedure. Now on medications including Azopt and Timolol. IOP is stable and good. Return clinic in 6 months for check.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07635", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07635.jpg", "filename": "data_07635.npz", "report": "The patient has traumatic glaucoma in the left eye and a history of noncompliance. Previous procedures include cyclophotocoagulation on the left eye and LASIK on the right eye. The intraocular pressure of the left eye is controlled with medication. No glaucoma in the right eye.", "age": 50.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: traumatic glaucoma left eye (monocular, hx of noncompliance) target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 22/54 central corneal thickness: 542 / 660 gonioscopy: open right eye; angle recession left eye with high peripheral anterior synechiae refractive error: od -PHONE_NUMBER / os balance . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: borderline thinning (average retinal nerve fiber layer 84 um) optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: poor quality scan, thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: unable medication history and intolerances at first visit: on timolol, dorzolamide, brimonidine and latanoprost left eye; no hx intolerances glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: cyclophotocoagulation DATE_TIME other eye procedures right eye: LASIK other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction/iol (traumatic cataract), strabismus repair other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: none trauma: yes (trauma to left eye in childhood) asthma: none other medical history and problems: hld initial note: history trauma to left eye in childhood, s/p cataract extraction and cyclophotocoagulation. had intraocular pressure as high as 54 left eye. no glaucoma right eye, but had lasik in that eye. intraocular pressure now well controlled left eye on drops + diamox plan: intraocular pressure acceptable left eye on drops and diamox continue cosopt, brimonidine, did not take latanoprost last night so okay to stop all right eye and PO diamox. return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, repeat optical coherence tomography monocular precautions reviewed", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has traumatic glaucoma in the left eye and a history of noncompliance. Previous procedures include cyclophotocoagulation on the left eye and LASIK on the right eye. The intraocular pressure of the left eye is controlled with medication. No glaucoma in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07636", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07636.jpg", "filename": "data_07636.npz", "report": "The 77-year-old female patient is suspected of having glaucoma (increased c/d os>od). She was recommended to start latanoprost and continue with it. Other conditions include migraines, osteoarthritis, and atrial fibrillation.", "age": 78.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "77 yo woman with history of migraines, osteoarthritis, atrial fibrillation (on xarelto) np DATE_TIME: saw dr. PERSON originally from LOCATION DATE_TIME: was to f/u DATE_TIME but missed recent f/u as her nephew in LOCATION passed away. feels well, no new neurologic sx DATE_TIME: occ itchiness of eyes, os occasionally develops film in her vision when reading that clears with blinking, uses at rarely \u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (od DATE_TIME (URLith, LOCATION) and os DATE_TIME (j.kaufman, PERSON)), has monovision os s/p yag capsulotomy os DATE_TIME (?dr. PERSON) pco od >> happy with updated glasses from DATE_TIME, defer DATE_TIME \u00ff 2. s/p sb os for PERSONE (morley) >> sb well-covered, retina attached \u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect (incr'd c/d os>od) tmax 18/16. cct 547/534 (ave/sl thin). no fhx of glaucoma. no hx trauma hvf DATE_TIME: od now full. os in rim loss stable hvf DATE_TIME: od it rim loss. os in rim loss hvf DATE_TIME od full. os possible ia DATE_TIME: PERSON. os superior and borderline inferior thinning stable oct DATE_TIME PERSON, os superior thinning, borderline inferior thinning > DATE_TIME: PERSON but hvf os with inferior defect corresponding to oct findings of superior thinning +asthma >> start latanoprost >> DATE_TIME: has rim loss in r inf quadrant ou >> will check repeat hvf and oct rnfl >>continue latanoprost qhs ou +a-fib, recently increased atenolol from 25 mg to 50 mg >> DATE_TIME: stable, will follow closely, continue latanoprost \u00ff 4. PERSON and anterior uveitis od summer 2017 -ana 1:160, ace high -other workup included toxo, cbc, esr, rpr, ace, lyme - DATE_TIME quiet with no ac or vitreous cells \u00ff 5. dry eyes >>at prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 77-year-old female patient is suspected of having glaucoma (increased c/d os>od). She was recommended to start latanoprost and continue with it. Other conditions include migraines, osteoarthritis, and atrial fibrillation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07637", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07637.jpg", "filename": "data_07637.npz", "report": "41-year-old woman referred for swollen optic nerves. Experiences right-sided headaches, eye pain, and pressure headaches. No change in vision, weight loss, and right-sided tinnitus. Exams showed no disc or rnfl edema, hvf full and no ocular pathology. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 42.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "41 yo woman with history of hypercholesterolemia, gestational dm, migraines >DATE_TIME, anxiety new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: referred for swollen optic nerves ou by doctor at routine eye exam 2 wks ago DATE_TIME: >DATE_TIME of right-sided headache - DATE_TIME developed new l-sided headaches (pressure top of head, side), also os ache/soreness. different than her normal headaches, as it feels like a deep ache behind her eye. not worse with eoms. -the eye pain and the pressure headaches do not necessarily coincide -sx occur 2-3x/week and last ~30-60 minutes -no change in vision. no tvos. -no identifiable triggers -possibly lost 10 lbs in DATE_TIME with better lifestyle (no recent weight gain) -reports DATE_TIME of right sided tinnitus -saw optom 2 wks ago, who was concerned about possible onh edema and referred here. -she is very anxious DATE_TIME because she has friends/family with ms and brain tumors. exam: - afferent function normal (va 20/20 ou, no apd, and full colors) - eoms full. normal orbital resiliency. hertels 110: 16 ou - normal dfe/ no disc edema DATE_TIME oct rnfl- no rnfl edema DATE_TIME hvf- full ou. 1. headaches - no ocular pathology on exam DATE_TIME >> would recommend follow up with neurologist for headache management 2. refractive error >> overminused os, could possibly be contributing to os discomfort. will start to correct lens os, but not yet go with full decr, as she will likely not like correction. rec computer work sc", "gpt4_summary": "41-year-old woman referred for swollen optic nerves. Experiences right-sided headaches, eye pain, and pressure headaches. No change in vision, weight loss, and right-sided tinnitus. Exams showed no disc or rnfl edema, hvf full and no ocular pathology. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07638", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07638.jpg", "filename": "data_07638.npz", "report": "63 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 63.83, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07639", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07639.jpg", "filename": "data_07639.npz", "report": "The patient has resolved dry eye and floaters, nuclear sclerosis, with borderline intraocular pressure (potential for glaucoma). Normal RNFL on OCT. Some HVF changes noted.", "age": 70.62, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: resolved PERSON dry ou floaters ou nuclear sclerosis ou PERSON ou cupping and borderline iop ou; susp for gl; PERSON; normal oct of rnfl ou x2; first hvf with nonspec changes ou, DATE_TIME's hvf with few inferior losses os refr error plan: m=rx continue to monitor yrly with hvf, oct of rnfl and PERSON, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has resolved dry eye and floaters, nuclear sclerosis, with borderline intraocular pressure (potential for glaucoma). Normal RNFL on OCT. Some HVF changes noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07640", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07640.jpg", "filename": "data_07640.npz", "report": "Patient has cataract, pseudophakia, and aphakia in both eyes. Conditions are potentially visually-significant but stable. Also suffering from dry eye syndrome. Goal is to maintain intraocular pressure under certain level. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 71.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "status:19197::'cataract','incipient cataract','pseudophakia','aphakia'}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} {actual status:19197::'-potentially visually-significant, right eye as of DATE_TIME.','-potentially visually-significant, left eye as of DATE_TIME.','-potentially visually-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME-significant, right eye as of DATE_TIME-significant, left eye as of DATE_TIME-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, right eye as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, left eye as of DATE_TIME.','-not visually-significant, both eyes as of DATE_TIME.','-stable.'} 3. dry eye syndrome, both eyes -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 4. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop *** goal od and *** goal os on DATE_TIME on ***. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -rtc in *** with iop check, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. fellow's a/p pxe previously f/b dr. PERSON in LOCATION iop acceptable ou exam/testing appears stable (patient brought in records from DATE_TIME) cont obs off gtts f/u 2 mo iop/dfe/dp", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has cataract, pseudophakia, and aphakia in both eyes. Conditions are potentially visually-significant but stable. Also suffering from dry eye syndrome. Goal is to maintain intraocular pressure under certain level. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07641", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07641.jpg", "filename": "data_07641.npz", "report": "Patient has a meningioma causing optic neuropathy, exotropia, and anisocoria in left eye. There are drusen in both eyes and vitreous detachment. No mention of glaucoma. Referral made to retina.", "age": 79.42, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "appears elevated with pallor and is associated with large cystic intraretinal of the left eye. there is also hemorrhage and drusen. per prior discussion with retina, this is most likely chronic and associated with possible cnvm in the setting of amd as there appears to be additionally some subretinal fibrosis. she is going to follow with retina (consult ordered). her story of painless vision loss to nlp vision in the left eye is not typical of optic neuritis. as the episode was DATE_TIME, we have very limited information regarding this episode. it seems most likely that the early visual loss that she experienced long ago was likely related to the meningioma. alternatively, she had an ischemic optic neuropathy of the left eye and subsequently developed this tumor, but this interpretation is less likely, in my opinion. regardless, there is a large enhancing mass consistent with a meningioma involving the left side of the cavernous sinus with compression of the chiasm and extension along the length of the left optic nerve. additionally, the mass appears to abut the right optic nerve near the chiasm. impression: 1. meningioma arising from the planum sphenoidale with compression on the optic chiasm with involvement of the left internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus. 2. optic neuropathy in the left eye with nlp vision likely secondary to #1 3. left exotropia and anisocoria likely secondary to left third nerve palsy secondary to #1 4. drusen in both eyes, with macular edema in the left likely related to cnvm 5. vitreous detachment in both eyes plan: 1. referral to retina (ordered) 2. monocular precautions, referral to optometry for repeat refraction 3. mri brain and orbit w/wo contrast 4. follow up with neuro-ophthalmology clinic in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a meningioma causing optic neuropathy, exotropia, and anisocoria in left eye. There are drusen in both eyes and vitreous detachment. No mention of glaucoma. Referral made to retina.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07642", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07642.jpg", "filename": "data_07642.npz", "report": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, but pressure, pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are fine and stable. They also have mild cataracts and dry eye, and a resolving stye. No treatment needed currently.", "age": 55.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "last seen by me DATE_TIME 1) refractive: changed -give new rx for glasses 2) glaucoma suspect (incr cup/disc): pressures are fine. gonio is open. pachymetry is fine. optical coherence tomography is reassuring. visual fields are benign and stable. looks physiologic. seen by Person DATE_TIME and deemed suspect - no f/u with df needed. -return for testing DATE_TIME but could stop in future -no treatment at this time dfe: 3/22 vf: 3/22 oct: 3/22 gonio: 12/20 (Person) tmax: 17, 16 cct: 535, 546 fhx: no 3) cataracts: mildly significant with some glare at DATE_TIME. still refracts well. -follow 4) dry eye: mild -artificial tears ou 5) stye left lower lid: resolving. -warm compresses bid", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, but pressure, pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, and visual fields are fine and stable. They also have mild cataracts and dry eye, and a resolving stye. No treatment needed currently.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07643", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07643.jpg", "filename": "data_07643.npz", "report": "40 y.o. male has severe juvenile open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with history of medication non-adherence. Showed superior/inferior thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. Resuming latanoprost and starting dorzolamide/timolol. Has history of corneal abrasion due to car accident.", "age": 40.9, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 28 / 24 central corneal thickness: 578 / 583 gonioscopy: c30f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior/inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior altitudinal, inferior arc visual fields, left eye: superior > inferior arc family history: none steroids: none trauma: mva with airbag deployment that caused corneal abrasion od asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 40 y.o. male # juvenile open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - history of drop adherence issues - previously on latanoprost but ran out DATE_TIME and never called for refill - vf worse ou, iop too high ou on no medications - resume latanoprost qhs ou, add dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check. dilate, disc photos # history of corneal abrasion, right eye - from airbag in car accident DATE_TIME - healed well with no sequelae PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "40 y.o. male has severe juvenile open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with history of medication non-adherence. Showed superior/inferior thinning in retinal nerve fiber layer. Resuming latanoprost and starting dorzolamide/timolol. Has history of corneal abrasion due to car accident.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07644", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07644.jpg", "filename": "data_07644.npz", "report": "28-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect with family history. No intervention needed, no glasses required. Continue to monitor for optic nerve changes.", "age": 28.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "28 f # glaucoma suspect with family history [ fhx: mother is suspect; mother's mother, mother's sister [ oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning os > od (stable) [ oct gcc DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - going forward, plan for visual fields only if progressive optic nerve changes seen - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # functional emmetropia - no glasses required at this time rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "28-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect with family history. No intervention needed, no glasses required. Continue to monitor for optic nerve changes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07645", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07645.jpg", "filename": "data_07645.npz", "report": "Patient prescribed latanoprost, indicating treatment for glaucoma. Additionally, patient has viral hepatitis C and impotence.", "age": 60.85, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "400 LOCATION street, LOCATION ma 02116 telephone: PHONE_NUMBER fax: PHONE_NUMBER hours: e-prescribed (1 of 1) latanoprost (xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 2.5 ml refills: 12 your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology condition list as of DATE_TIME viral hepatitis c impotence results", "gpt4_summary": "Patient prescribed latanoprost, indicating treatment for glaucoma. Additionally, patient has viral hepatitis C and impotence.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07646", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07646.jpg", "filename": "data_07646.npz", "report": "69-year-old female with history of glaucoma suspicion. Glaucoma tests resulted in non-specific defects in both eyes. Right eye reliability was good, left eye reliability was borderline.", "age": 69.61, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "69 y.o.female h/o glaucoma suspect, presents for glaucoma tests 1. glaucoma suspect due to large c/d - tmax DATE_TIME - cct 535 / 573 -c/d 0.7/0.7 - hvf (10/18) scattered defects ou - fields not reliable at DATE_TIME (1/17) wnl ou at ocb oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye -0.72 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye 1.24 right eye reliability/fixation was good mean deviation was calculated to be: 1.24 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was borderline. mean deviation was calculated to be: DATE_TIME db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects order oct and hvf, rtc in DATE_TIME .", "gpt4_summary": "69-year-old female with history of glaucoma suspicion. Glaucoma tests resulted in non-specific defects in both eyes. Right eye reliability was good, left eye reliability was borderline.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07647", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07647.jpg", "filename": "data_07647.npz", "report": "Patient discussed cataract surgery for right eye; risks including pain, bleeding, infection, inflammation, and others, were discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 47.44, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "summary of cataract surgery discussion: risks, benefits, limitations, and expectations [x] discussed potential risks, including but not limited to: pain, bleeding, infection, inflammation, high or low eye pressure, swelling of cornea or retina, dryness, floaters, double vision, droopy eyelid, wound healing problems, retinal tear or detachment, need for further surgery or laser, or loss of vision. [x] discussed in particular the potentially increased risks with previous vitrectomy of posterior capsular break, dislocation of lens fragments, PERSON loss, need for vitrectomy, increased length of surgery, need for additional surgery, and/or need for prolonged recovery time. [x] discussed expected benefits of improved functional vision [x] discussed alternative of no surgery (no improvement in vision; no medical treatment) [x] discussed limitations, in particular that cataract surgery is not intended to improve floaters or diabetic retinopathy. [x] discussed reasonable expectations of surgery: improved vision but with limitation due to diabetic retinopathy refractive target [x] patient desires target for near (-3.25 d) for the right eye [x] discussed that intraocular lens calculations are an estimate and that there always exists a margin of error [x] discussed astigmatism options. plan: not applicable for the right eye [x] discussed presbyopia options. plan: glasses [x] discussed that there is no guarantee of spectacle independence, only reduced spectacle dependence plan [x] patient wishes to proceed with cataract surgery for the right eye [x] consent signed for the right eye [x] discussed anesthesia: conscious sedation with local eye block [x] rx for eyedrops sent to pharmacy; written instructions given to patient [x] aao handout on cataract and cataract surgery given to patient [] requires preop evaluation by pcp", "gpt4_summary": "Patient discussed cataract surgery for right eye; risks including pain, bleeding, infection, inflammation, and others, were discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07648", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07648.jpg", "filename": "data_07648.npz", "report": "60 y/o female with narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes, risking acute angle-closure glaucoma and vision loss. Will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes.", "age": 60.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 f referred by her optometrist for evaluation of narrow angles. # narrow and occludable anterior chamber angles, both eyes. [ fhx: father maybe [ cct: 612,611 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - discussed risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma and permanent visual loss. - recommended elective laser peripheral iridotomy for both eyes. patient would like to proceed. consent signed for both eyes. - r/b/a discussed including pain, bleeding, inflammation, iop spike, glare, corneal abrasion, need for prolonged medical therapy, need for additional procedures; benefits including helping to prevent acute-angle-closure glaucoma and allowing for pupillary dilation; alternatives including no treatment (risk of permanent visual loss). - handout given to patient. # refractive error - has glasses on order from optometrist plan for laser peripheral iridotomy, both eyes, right eye first, next available. plan for dilation afterward.", "gpt4_summary": "60 y/o female with narrow, occludable anterior chamber angles in both eyes, risking acute angle-closure glaucoma and vision loss. Will undergo laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07649", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07649.jpg", "filename": "data_07649.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio, with IOP at its upper limits. No history of high IOP, told previously of physiologic cupping but no family history. HVF and RNFL are normal.\n", "age": 66.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "imp glaucoma suspect increased c/d ratio --iop at upper limits --tmax unknown, no hx of high iop --told in past she has physiologic cupping. no fhx --hvf full --rnfl oct normal --cct 563/551 refractive des, blepharitis plan: rtc yearly for hvf/rnfl DATE_TIME saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected of having glaucoma due to increased c/d ratio, with IOP at its upper limits. No history of high IOP, told previously of physiologic cupping but no family history. HVF and RNFL are normal.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07650", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07650.jpg", "filename": "data_07650.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with severe normal tension glaucoma in right eye and suspected in left eye. Has thin inferior rim and superior altitudinal in right eye. Father had vision loss. Plan to add dorzolamide.", "age": 65.4, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: severe normal tension glaucoma right eye, suspect left eye target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 12 (DATE_TIME) / 12 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: 518 / 519 gonioscopy: scleral spur both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: inferior rim thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: full visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior altiduinal visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medication history and intolerances at first visit: latanoprost qhs both eyes (intraocular pressure unchanged after stopping) glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: father lost vision steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: covid DATE_TIME, right sided headaches/right eye soreness since then plan: intraocular pressure the same off latanoprost baseline testing obtained DATE_TIME she states she lost vision in the right eye and noticed it DATE_TIME. will add dorzolamide and check in DATE_TIME, repeat visual field return to clinic in DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check and humphrey visual field initial note: thin inferior rim and superior altitudinal right eye, intraocular pressure 12, tmax unknown. no long-term records showing history first eye md appointment DATE_TIME intraocular pressure 12 after stopping latanoprost", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with severe normal tension glaucoma in right eye and suspected in left eye. Has thin inferior rim and superior altitudinal in right eye. Father had vision loss. Plan to add dorzolamide.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07651", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07651.jpg", "filename": "data_07651.npz", "report": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Immunizations administered on date of encounter.", "age": 86.51, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 86 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. Results Summary Immunizations Administered on Date of Encounter - DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "86 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Immunizations administered on date of encounter.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07652", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07652.jpg", "filename": "data_07652.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of left temporal astrocytoma with no signs of tumor progression. Post treatment follow-up showed normal visual function and normal eye exam results. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 40.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "high ficxation loss, patient was looking forward and repositioning did not help . ?neuroimaging: mri brain DATE_TIME stable postoperative findings related to prior left temporal craniotomy for resection of a left temporal diffuse astrocytoma without evidence of tumor progression. may DATE_TIME: formulation: this DATE_TIME-old\u00ffman is here for a follow up of PERSON astrocytoma,\u00ffidh mutant,\u00ffwho grade ii, cdkn2a loss negative, s/p subtotal resection DATE_TIME and proton beam therapy (end in DATE_TIME), currently on temozolomide (PERSON protocol). here for an ophthalmic evaluation per study protocol. his exam shows normal afferent function with 20/15 visual acuity ou, normal color vision and no evidence of a relative afferent pupillary defect. visual fields are full on automated visual field testing. efferent function is normal. a summary assessment of the cranial nerves is also normal on both sides. anterior segment and dilated fundus exam were otherwise normal ou. oct of the rnfl and gc complex are both normal. per imaging,the location of his left temporal glioma appears anterior of the cortical visual pathways; his visual function and eye exam is within normal limits DATE_TIME. i will see him again per protocol. ? impression: 1. PERSON astrocytoma,\u00ffidh mutant,\u00ffwho grade ii, cdkn2a loss negative, - s/p subtotal resection DATE_TIME - s/p proton beam therapy (completed in DATE_TIME) - currently on temozolomide (PERSON protocol) 2. normal afferent and efferent visual exam. recommendations: 1. follow up as per study protocol. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of left temporal astrocytoma with no signs of tumor progression. Post treatment follow-up showed normal visual function and normal eye exam results. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07653", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07653.jpg", "filename": "data_07653.npz", "report": "The patient is taking levothyroxine, mirtazapine, phenytoin, and simvastatin orally. Conditions include seizure disorder, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, etc. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 64.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "levothyroxine sodium (levothyroxine oral) (taking) take by mouth. mirtazapine oral (taking) take by mouth. phenytoin oral (taking) take by mouth. simvastatin oral (taking) take by mouth. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME seizure disorder hypothyroidism menopausal syndrome osteoporosis hyperlipidemia vitamin d deficiency addison's disease low back pain seizure results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking levothyroxine, mirtazapine, phenytoin, and simvastatin orally. Conditions include seizure disorder, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, etc. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07654", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07654.jpg", "filename": "data_07654.npz", "report": "57-year-old female attorney with refractive error and increased cup/disc ratio speculated for glaucoma. Advised on potentially initiating IOP lowering treatment plan due to risk factors. No family history of age-related macular degeneration or retinal detachment.", "age": 57.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "57 y.o. f attorney, works in estate planning #refractive error: contact lens wearer with monovision; doing well with that and otc for near with full contact lens correction -give new rx for backup # glaucoma suspect 2/2 increased cup/disc: myopic tilted discs, evaluated by dr. PERSON and cleared in DATE_TIME. cct thin - DATE_TIME relatively stable but with vertical thinning ou (tilted discs obscure interpretation) - hvf full DATE_TIME, nasal step from previous testing gone, but unreliable. pt reports last time she felt she just couldn't focus well diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. specifically discussed 'borderline' findings and the option of serial testing and close monitoring versus initiation of iop lowering LOCATION. she has sufficient risk factors and an upward iop trend that would favor the latter. discussed LOCATION vs topical LOCATION, pt prefers LOCATION goal iop high teens for now dfe: 6/17 vf: 7/18 oct: 7/18 gonio: 11/18 tmax: 20, 18 cct: 495, 496 fhx: no # fhx age-related macular degeneration: none present for her # fam hx retinal detachment: nl exam DATE_TIME -retinal detachment warnings plan return for slt od first, consent obtained DATE_TIME after discussion of rbac specifically including corneal abrasion, iop fluctuations repeat hvf os at follow-up, also due for dilation", "gpt4_summary": "57-year-old female attorney with refractive error and increased cup/disc ratio speculated for glaucoma. Advised on potentially initiating IOP lowering treatment plan due to risk factors. No family history of age-related macular degeneration or retinal detachment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07655", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07655.jpg", "filename": "data_07655.npz", "report": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with eye cupping and nuclear sclerosis observed. HVF and OCT tests were normal. No diabetic retinopathy. Dry eyes and refractive error noted.", "age": 52.28, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou; susp for glaucoma, but normal hvf and stable oct today nuclear sclerosis ou no diabetic retinopathy dry ou pinguec ou exotropia refr error plan: art tears qid rx=m yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows signs of potential glaucoma with eye cupping and nuclear sclerosis observed. HVF and OCT tests were normal. No diabetic retinopathy. Dry eyes and refractive error noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07656", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07656.jpg", "filename": "data_07656.npz", "report": "The patient had a low suspicion of glaucoma, but still a suspect due to myopia. Retinal nerve fibre layer (rnfl) and ganglion cell layer (gcl) were normal. The patient has seasonal allergies and dry eye. Noted eye pain and history of surgeries for deviated septum and drainage.", "age": 32.71, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "32 PERSON presents for DATE_TIME f/u for hvf 24-2 and oct only dilate with t 0.5% only low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: myopia PERSON DATE_TIME) rnfl and gcl normal ou. hvf (DATE_TIME) done PERSON discussed PERSON, but mom is allergic advised pataday, at's prn, uv protection tsh date value ref range status DATE_TIME 1.05 0.50 - 5.70 uiu/ml final seasonal allergies / dry eye gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' pt reports his living space is very clean and regularly vacuumed pt reports rinsing his sinus every morning warned pt to not irrigate eyes pt denies temperature sensitivity pt reports continued dryness, even after using PERSON DATE_TIME trial of restasis, warned pt to be patient for noticeable results (DATE_TIME) left-sided headache and eye pain 'my eye always feels like it is going to fall out of my eye' pt reports h/o surgeries for deviated septum and drainage pt sleeps on his side -- instead of an alarm, pt uses natural sunlight in his room to wake up pt reports s/p facial botax in his 20's -------------------------------------------------------------------------- per dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME: ??????in summary, describes DATE_TIME of recurring episodes of left-sided headache and eye pain that is associated with some mild eye redness and general migraine accompaniments. the episodes can DATE_TIME to days, during which the severity of the pain fluctuates. in between episodes he is pain free. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- myopia ou optional rx given per pt's request -- pt liked DATE_TIME's adjustment to rx f/u in DATE_TIME for surface check after restasis trial, no dilation", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had a low suspicion of glaucoma, but still a suspect due to myopia. Retinal nerve fibre layer (rnfl) and ganglion cell layer (gcl) were normal. The patient has seasonal allergies and dry eye. Noted eye pain and history of surgeries for deviated septum and drainage.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07657", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07657.jpg", "filename": "data_07657.npz", "report": "68-year-old female diagnosed with dry eyes caused by Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Treatment includes using Refresh PM and fish oil. Has visually insignificant cataracts and benign chorioretinal scar. Glaucoma suspected, but no family history or negative eye pressures. Her previous tests were normal. Recommended to monitor pingueculae and refractive error.", "age": 70.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68y/o f w/ diagnosis of PERSON's, symptoms of dry mouth, dry eye, but biopsy and bloodwork negative. referred by dr. PERSON as glaucoma suspect. she was on plaquenil (for DATE_TIME) for some time but didn't help symptoms so she stopped it DATE_TIME. 1. mixed mechanism dry eye, ou: meibomian gland dysfunction, and PERSON's, evaporative component as well: tear breakup decreased, mild staining. plugs keep falling out. had lower and upper lid cautery done ou. - treatment plan per dr. PERSON: - cont refresh pm qhs ou - cont refresh PERSON prn ou - cont fish oil 2000mg qd po 2. cataracts: ou not visually significant - observe 3. chorioretinal scar temporal retina os: benign - observe 4. glaucoma suspect od>os: no family history, pressures normal. reports she had testing prior to starting plaquenil at harvard vanguard. review of dr. PERSON's records at harvard vanguard indicated visual fields and oct imaging were normal on DATE_TIME. the testing here DATE_TIME is reassuring again with likely just large nerves ou. -can skip testing for DATE_TIME - very low risk dfe: 6/19 vf: 6/19 oct: 6/19 gonio: 2/17 tmax: 15, 15 cct: 530, 515 fhx: no 5. pingueculae ou medially: stable -monitor for now but these can exacerbate surface if dry 6. refractive error: mild change -give new rx for glasses", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old female diagnosed with dry eyes caused by Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Treatment includes using Refresh PM and fish oil. Has visually insignificant cataracts and benign chorioretinal scar. Glaucoma suspected, but no family history or negative eye pressures. Her previous tests were normal. Recommended to monitor pingueculae and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07658", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07658.jpg", "filename": "data_07658.npz", "report": "69-year-old male patient suspected of having glaucoma due to cupping; mild cataract and hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia observed. No significant visual changes since last visit. No ocular medications prescribed.", "age": 69.33, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "69 y.o. male is a new patient to me and presents for a comprehensive eye exam. he was last seen for an eye exam by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME pohx: glaucoma suspect due to cupping, color blind hpi DATE_TIME: pt here for DATE_TIME open angle w/borderline findings ou pt denies any visual changes since last visit pt denies any new flashes or floaters ou, no pain, ou feel comfortable ocular medications: none assessment/plan: # cataract, not visually significant # hyperopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20-, 20/20-2 - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery # glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc and family history - iop - 14/16 - tmax - 14/16 - c/d - 0.75. 0.80 - family history - brother in LOCATION - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - full ou - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - full ou - baseline fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - return in DATE_TIME with oct rnfl only # trichiasis - 3 lashes removed from rul medially, removed at slit lamp, see procedure note, tolerated procedure well - return as needed for further epilation rtc to me in DATE_TIME or sooner prn PERSON, PERSON/testing for next visit: cct, oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "69-year-old male patient suspected of having glaucoma due to cupping; mild cataract and hyperopia with astigmatism, presbyopia observed. No significant visual changes since last visit. No ocular medications prescribed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07659", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07659.jpg", "filename": "data_07659.npz", "report": "39-year old female patient with acute episodes of flashing lights, a heavy feeling in left eye, and intermittent visual disturbance in left eye. Fundus exam shows no retinal breaks. Possible migraine aura or retinal migraine. Vitreous floaters in both eyes. She has family history of glaucoma and borderline ocular hypertension. No signs of acute glaucoma syndromes. Also has refractive error (myopia).", "age": 39.49, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "39 f, Institution oncologist last visit here with me in DATE_TIME. acute visit with multiple episodes over the course of DATE_TIME of flashing lights seen temporally and paracentrally in the left eye on DATE_TIME. has a heavy feeling in the left eye since then. # episodic intermittent visual disturbance, left eye. no retinal breaks seen on depressed, reclined, dilated fundus exam. possibly a variant of migraine aura, vs retinal migraine. # hx of chronic migraines - f/u with neurology as needed for migraine. # vitreous floaters, both eyes. no retinal breaks seen on depressed, reclined, dilated fundus exam. - retinal detachment precautions discussed - instructed to return immediately for worsening vision, a shower of floaters, increasing flashing lights, or the appearance of a curtain/shade over vision. # family history of glaucoma (father and grandfather), with history of borderline ocular hypertension (20-24 range). [ cct: 538,562 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - iop continues to be borderline. no evidence of narrow angles, pigment dispersion, posner-schlossman, or other acute glaucoma syndromes. - discussed that no intervention is indicated at this time; continue to monitor. # refractive error (myopia). - pt defers refraction DATE_TIME as she feels the eyes remain uncomfortable following her recent episodes of visual disturbance. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "39-year old female patient with acute episodes of flashing lights, a heavy feeling in left eye, and intermittent visual disturbance in left eye. Fundus exam shows no retinal breaks. Possible migraine aura or retinal migraine. Vitreous floaters in both eyes. She has family history of glaucoma and borderline ocular hypertension. No signs of acute glaucoma syndromes. Also has refractive error (myopia).", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07660", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07660.jpg", "filename": "data_07660.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not contain details indicating the presence of glaucoma. It mentions optic nerve check-ups for both eyes and existing conditions of osteopenia and hyperlipidemia.", "age": 61.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - as directed DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME osteopenia hyperlipidemia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not contain details indicating the presence of glaucoma. It mentions optic nerve check-ups for both eyes and existing conditions of osteopenia and hyperlipidemia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07661", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07661.jpg", "filename": "data_07661.npz", "report": "The patient is on a regimen of latanoprost, cosopt, and brimonidine for suspected glaucoma in the right eye. They have also been advised to use artificial tears for dry eye symptoms, mainly in the right eye.", "age": 57.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "regimen: latanoprost qhs os cosopt bid os brimonidine tid os start PERSON for cosmetic symmetry and given glc suspect od and monocular status will reduce the risk of glc in od. start preservative free artificial tears at least 4x/day both eyes given dry eye symptoms od>os monocular precautions reviewed and recommended. pt anxious about protecting her good eye. last dilated exam: next visit DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: next visit return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME, humphrey visual field 24-2 od only, dfe ou, disc photos ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on a regimen of latanoprost, cosopt, and brimonidine for suspected glaucoma in the right eye. They have also been advised to use artificial tears for dry eye symptoms, mainly in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07662", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07662.jpg", "filename": "data_07662.npz", "report": "The patient underwent Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes but shows no sign of glaucoma. They have epidermoid cyst of skin, osteoporosis, depression, scoliosis, and a family history of breast cancer.", "age": 62.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME epidermoid cyst of skin osteoporosis depressive disorder scoliosis deformity of spine family history of breast cancer results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient underwent Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests on both eyes but shows no sign of glaucoma. They have epidermoid cyst of skin, osteoporosis, depression, scoliosis, and a family history of breast cancer.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07663", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07663.jpg", "filename": "data_07663.npz", "report": "37 y.o. patient is a glaucoma suspect due to borderline intraocular pressure and optic disc cupping. History of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and localized retinal detachment. Healthy nerves & thick corneas noted.", "age": 37.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "37 y.o. new patient to me, referred by dr. aronow for borderline iop in good general health \u00ff # glaucoma suspect ou based on borderline iop/ optic disc cupping uncle with glaucoma. nerves appear healthy. borderline PERSON. tc 22/22 tmax 22/22 cct DATE_TIME: wnl ou hvf DATE_TIME: full > low risk. thick corneas. # history of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, left eye s/p sb/cryo/laser os for chronic asymptomatic mac-on rd DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON) the detachment was discovered on a routine exam, with no symptoms > retina attached, followed by PERSON aronow \u00ff # history of localized rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, right eye \u00ffs/p laser od for asymptomatic peripheral holes with srf DATE_TIME s/p fill-in laser od DATE_TIME, at 9 to ora s/p additional laser to hole at DATE_TIME and PERSON at 9 o clock DATE_TIME \u00ff> retina attached, followed by PERSON aronow \u00ff# myopia ou \u00ff- mild change in mrx", "gpt4_summary": "37 y.o. patient is a glaucoma suspect due to borderline intraocular pressure and optic disc cupping. History of macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and localized retinal detachment. Healthy nerves & thick corneas noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07664", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07664.jpg", "filename": "data_07664.npz", "report": "The patient is on medications for glaucoma namely; Timolol (2x/day), Brimonidine (3x/day), and Dorzolamide (3x/day) applied in both eyes.", "age": 58.81, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency timolol1 (yellow) both eyes 2x/day brimonidine3 (purple) both eyes 3x/day dorzolamide (orange)& both eyes 3x/day 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: timolol timoptic, timoptic xe = timolol gel-forming solution (gfs), betoptic s, LOCATION, LOCATION, ocudose (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: dorzolamide, trusopt, PERSON, brinzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on medications for glaucoma namely; Timolol (2x/day), Brimonidine (3x/day), and Dorzolamide (3x/day) applied in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07665", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07665.jpg", "filename": "data_07665.npz", "report": "Patient experiences decreased vision and is set on a target of 12 for both eyes. Previous high intraocular pressure caused some expected progression after reduction, hinting at glaucoma.", "age": 38.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "decreased vision. will set target at 12 both eyes for now. explained that some progression in DATE_TIME after intraocular pressure lowering is expected from damage when intraocular pressure was high.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient experiences decreased vision and is set on a target of 12 for both eyes. Previous high intraocular pressure caused some expected progression after reduction, hinting at glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07666", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07666.jpg", "filename": "data_07666.npz", "report": "The patient is a suspect of open angle glaucoma with no history of family illness, steroids or trauma. No glaucoma procedures have been performed and patient takes no medication. Patient exhibits myopic discs and has requested full glaucoma tests.", "age": 38.51, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME #open angle glaucoma suspect ou, based on on appearance risk factors: (-)family history, (-)steroids, (-)trauma central corneal thickness: 549 / 544 (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: open ou tmax: 15 (DATE_TIME) / 16 (DATE_TIME) target iop: / not applicable refractive error: od -4.00. . -2.00. 003 / os -6.25. -0.75. 173 glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none medication: *(none)intolerances testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: full ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: full od borderline os but likely no true thinning DATE_TIME iop acceptable testing reassuring and stable myopic discs, likely physiologic plan: monitor off therapy as glaucoma suspect pt knows optometrists will be doing her refractions when she needs updated glasses but would like me to be her main eye doctor for eye issues otherwise. pt would like full glaucoma workup and testing DATE_TIME including humphrey visual field, gonioscopy, etc rtc 1 year, LOCATION, oct retinal nerve fiber layer, humphrey visual field, gonioscopy per pt request pt does not like to see the trainees, was upset that the anterior segment fellow examined her DATE_TIME. we discussed that this is a teaching hospital. she prefers to return to ocb for followup care.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a suspect of open angle glaucoma with no history of family illness, steroids or trauma. No glaucoma procedures have been performed and patient takes no medication. Patient exhibits myopic discs and has requested full glaucoma tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07667", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07667.jpg", "filename": "data_07667.npz", "report": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON with a suspicion of glaucoma. Has a larger nerve in left eye & larger cup:disc ratio; no history of trauma or steroids usage. Central corneal thickness is 566, 567, 568 / 546, 547, 547.", "age": 66.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, former pasquale patient, followed by vavvas diagnosis: glaucoma suspect, larger nerve left eye and larger cup:disc ratio target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 20 ( ) / 20 ( ) central corneal thickness: 566, 567, 568 / 546, 547, 547 corneal hysteresis: 10.8/10.5 gonioscopy: open to scleral spur both eyes refractive error: PERSON. -0.75. 086 / os +3.50. -0.25. 95 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal, larger than left eye visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: laser for retina other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: seizures on flomax initial note: glaucoma suspect gonioscopy: open to scleral spur both eyes; central corneal thickness: 566, 567, 568 / 546, 547, 547; corneal hysteresis: 10.8/10.5; +350 hyperopia optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field normal both eyes plan: ora and gat similar optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field both eyes normal mild cataract; not visually significant to patient at this point. return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check and gonioscopy PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON (DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME) i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON with a suspicion of glaucoma. Has a larger nerve in left eye & larger cup:disc ratio; no history of trauma or steroids usage. Central corneal thickness is 566, 567, 568 / 546, 547, 547.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07668", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07668.jpg", "filename": "data_07668.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma in the patient. The assessment includes reviews of previous notes and test results. Risks involved are high for therapy/major surgery, and moderate from drug management.", "age": 59.98, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - high risk of morbidity related to therapy/elective or major surgery/decision regarding PERSON. - moderate risk of morbidity related to (drug management; minor surgery; treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or of medical tests) and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide specific details about the presence of glaucoma in the patient. The assessment includes reviews of previous notes and test results. Risks involved are high for therapy/major surgery, and moderate from drug management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07669", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07669.jpg", "filename": "data_07669.npz", "report": "Patient experienced transient vision loss but brain MRI showed no abnormalities. No signs of glaucoma or other diseases. Symptoms considered benign. No further evaluation recommended.", "age": 19.18, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "neuroimaging: brain mri DATE_TIME normal with no sign of optic nerve enhancement or mass lesions or infiltration formulation: the patient reports transient vision loss that occurred three times when he wakes up in the setting in the absence of any other systemic findings or diseases. my exam revealed normal afferent and efferent visual function. his visual symptoms are of unclear etiology, but i believe that they are benign. members of our group have published on the benign nature of transient visual loss upon awakening (PERSON, m et al.) and, transient visual darkening is known to occur for unclear reasons with exercise in some patients, in the absence of any features to suggest a vascular 'steal' phenomenon. given my interpretation that these are benign symptoms, i did not recommend any further evaluation, other than to have a prolactin level measured given his report of difficulty with erection, although i doubt that this is the result of any hormonal issue. i will see him again in DATE_TIME or sooner if anything changes. impression: 1. short episodes of transient vision loss with exertion benign in nature plan: 1. follow up with his general ophthalmologist regularly 2. follow up with neurophthalmology as needed PERSON PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient experienced transient vision loss but brain MRI showed no abnormalities. No signs of glaucoma or other diseases. Symptoms considered benign. No further evaluation recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07670", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07670.jpg", "filename": "data_07670.npz", "report": "The clinical note provides instructions for a patient's surgery prep, such as pre-bathing, not wearing jewelry, refraining from certain cosmetics, and removing contact lenses. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 68.33, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "be canceled. if your doctor told you to take your medicines on DATE_TIME of surgery, take them with only a sip of water. \u00fa take a bath or shower before you come in for your surgery. do not apply lotions, perfumes, deodorants, or nail NRP. \u00fa take off all jewelry and piercings. and take out contact lenses, if you wear them. at the hospital or surgery center \u00fa bring a picture id. \u00fa the area for surgery is often marked to make sure there are no errors. \u00fa you will be kept comfortable and safe by your anesthesia provider. the anesthesia may make you sleep. or it may just numb the area being worked on. \u00fa the surgery will take DATE_TIME. when should you call your doctor? \u00fa you have questions or concerns. \u00fa you don't understand how to prepare for your surgery. \u00fa you become ill before the surgery (such as fever, flu, or a cold). \u00fa you need to reschedule or have changed your mind about having the surgery. where can you learn more? please login or PERSON: URL select the resources icon from the header & then select\u00ffsearch medical library enter k474 in the search box to learn more about 'cataract surgery: before your surgery.' current as of: DATE_TIME, 2019\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ffcontent version: 12.5 c 2006-2020 healthwise, incorporated. care instructions adapted under license by your healthcare professional. if you have questions about a medical condition or this instruction, always ask your healthcare professional. healthwise, incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note provides instructions for a patient's surgery prep, such as pre-bathing, not wearing jewelry, refraining from certain cosmetics, and removing contact lenses. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07671", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07671.jpg", "filename": "data_07671.npz", "report": "56-year-old male, glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio but with low suspicion. Family history of glaucoma from grandmother. He has pingueculae and refractive error but deferred glasses prescription.", "age": 56.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "56 y.o. m Institution scientist/harvard professor healthy moving to LOCATION state DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) for new job 1. ?glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio ou (low suspicion) told DATE_TIME that he had 'deep pits' fam hx: +grandmother tmax: 17/17; tcurrent 16/16 cct: 615/621 (thick) gonio DATE_TIME: ou open hvf DATE_TIME: od inferior defects, os full DATE_TIME: ou full DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl and stable disc photos: taken DATE_TIME >> observe off eyedrops 2. pingueculae ou asymptomatic 3. refractive error >> defers updated glasses rx DATE_TIME he will see an ophthalmologist in LOCATION state (where he is moving) for routine eye exams in future. encouraged patient to contact our med records for full set of prior records including prior disc photos and glaucoma screening tests", "gpt4_summary": "56-year-old male, glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc ratio but with low suspicion. Family history of glaucoma from grandmother. He has pingueculae and refractive error but deferred glasses prescription.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07672", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07672.jpg", "filename": "data_07672.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female at risk for glaucoma based on enlarged c/d, with normal and borderline nasal thinning. Family history of glaucoma (aunt). Dry eye symptoms and ocular pruritus also present.", "age": 65.71, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "65 y.o. female presents for follow up. \u00ff\u00ff URLeudophakia ou doing well \u00ff\u00ff use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye \u00ff\u00ff 2. glaucoma suspect based on large c/d ou (0.5 ou) iop ok today pachy DATE_TIME, true iop same as measured oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od normal, os borderline nasal thinning DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou positive family history (aunt) hvf DATE_TIME: reliable ou, ? nasal defects ou hvf DATE_TIME: not very reliable, nasal defects od, sup defects os hvf DATE_TIME: nasal defects od, sup defects os hvf DATE_TIME: od sup and PERSON defects/ os non-specific rec: - repeat hvf in DATE_TIME. blepharitis / dry eyes likely contributing to patient's tearing warm compresses and artificial tears prn \u00ff 4. dm on metformin no diabetic retinopathy on exam DATE_TIME. 5. ocular pruritus likely allergies zaditor bid prn cool compresses", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female at risk for glaucoma based on enlarged c/d, with normal and borderline nasal thinning. Family history of glaucoma (aunt). Dry eye symptoms and ocular pruritus also present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07673", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07673.jpg", "filename": "data_07673.npz", "report": "Patient has early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. Posterior capsulotomy discussed but deferred.", "age": 74.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "eye. this may cause glare but probably not the cause of his photophobia. he felt that he had the same amount of glare immediately following cataract surgery. - discussed posterior capsulotomy but would defer for now given that his symptoms do not seem to be consistent with the pco. \u00ff\u00ff # early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye - f/u with PERSON as scheduled, last visit DATE_TIME, needs f/u appt \u00ff\u00ff rtc to cos DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration in left eye. No mention of glaucoma. Posterior capsulotomy discussed but deferred.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07674", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07674.jpg", "filename": "data_07674.npz", "report": "47 y/o patient with hypercholesterolemia, family history of glaucoma. Doing well with glasses for myopia and presbyopia. No reported glaucoma.", "age": 47.33, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "47 y.o. with hypercholesterolemia family hx of glaucoma - mother is a patient of dr. PERSON DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl - hvf DATE_TIME full > monitor myopia and presbyopia ou - doing fine with distance glasses, takes off glasses to read fu DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate", "gpt4_summary": "47 y/o patient with hypercholesterolemia, family history of glaucoma. Doing well with glasses for myopia and presbyopia. No reported glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07675", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07675.jpg", "filename": "data_07675.npz", "report": "The note identifies the patient as a glaucoma suspect due to a strong family history and irregular nerves. No current medications or glaucoma procedures noted. Central corneal thickness is relatively thin (511/503). No intraocular pressure (IOP) values given.", "age": 39.43, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect, strong family history and anomalous nerves. previously seen by PERSON in DATE_TIME. target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 511 / 503 gonioscopy: scleral spur both eyes refractive error: od -5.75 . -0.75 . 175 / os -5.75 . -0.75 . 180 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: 0.4 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: 0.5 visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medications being used at first visit: none medication intolerances: unknown glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: see below other eye problems left eye: see below family history: father and mother steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: dm hypotension migraine headaches reynauds initial note: patient is a high m yope who presents for glaucoma monitoring in the setting of two parents with glaucoma. strong family history extremely strong family history, father with significant glaucoma and mother also has glaucoma. thin cornea 511/503, intraocular pressure high teens plan: # glaucoma suspect, both eyes - iop in the mid teens on no classes - risk factors: - baseline visual field normal - repeat oct of the nerve showed stable from baseline - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, humphrey visual field both eyes, dilate, optical coherence tomography both eyes #caruncular nevus os monitor \u00ff #limbal melanosis od benign # myopia 6.00 sph", "gpt4_summary": "The note identifies the patient as a glaucoma suspect due to a strong family history and irregular nerves. No current medications or glaucoma procedures noted. Central corneal thickness is relatively thin (511/503). No intraocular pressure (IOP) values given.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07676", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07676.jpg", "filename": "data_07676.npz", "report": "The patient has been prescribed several medications for their right eye: dorzolamide 3x/day, rhopressa 1x/night, vyzulta, and brimonidine 3x/day. This regimen suggests presence of glaucoma. Acetazolamide is on hold.", "age": 21.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency dorzolamide/PERSON (dark blue) the right eye 3x/day rhopressa (white) the right eye 1x/night PERSON/vyzulta (teal)6 the right eye DATE_TIME brimonidine/alphagan3 (purple) the right eye 3x/day acetazolamide/diamox 250 mg# (pills) hold \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSONp. #this medication is given by mouth to lower intraocular pressure. if acetazolamide (diamox) is prescribed, the dosing is 250 to 500 mg. if methazolamide (neptazane) is prescribed, the dosing is 25 to 50 mg. these medications don't work for everyone, and they are contraindicated when there is significant kidney disease or electrolyte imbalances. laboratories should be drawn by your primary care doctor during the first DATE_TIME to monitor for electrolyte and kidney changes. 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. if you have eye pain, vision changes or other concerns, do not hesitate to contact the glaucoma department. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call. please bring this to your next visit.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been prescribed several medications for their right eye: dorzolamide 3x/day, rhopressa 1x/night, vyzulta, and brimonidine 3x/day. This regimen suggests presence of glaucoma. Acetazolamide is on hold.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07677", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07677.jpg", "filename": "data_07677.npz", "report": "Patient has early manifest normal tension glaucoma, worse in left eye. Previous good eye pressure control on Alphagan but developed follicular conjunctivitis. Improved pressure on Cosopt but experienced skin irritation. Patient also has history of disc hemorrhage in left eye.", "age": 55.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. early manifest normal tension glaucoma os > od - thin pachymetry (NRP); tmax (17/16); no fhx of glaucoma - hvf wnl od and stable paracentral ia os (worse than DATE_TIME; stable since DATE_TIME) - oct-rnfl (74/73) with ? early thinning superotemp os that would correspond to the visual field abnormality os - ? nasal steroid use - good iop previously control on alphagan but follicular conjunctivits ou related to alphagan - improved iop on cosopt but unable to tolerate stinging and skin irritation with bid dosing - disc hemorrhage os x 2 (DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME) - s/p slt os (DATE_TIME) --> good response - s/p slt od (DATE_TIME) --> good response - tg <= 12 ou; at goal ou - hold cosopt qam ou (developed rash around eyes per patient) 2. pciol ou - stable - follow social/systemic: allergic to pcn; alphagan allergy, uses nasal steroids (flonase) for seasonal allergies; works at bwh rtc 5-6 months with hvf ou, dfe ou, and disc photos ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early manifest normal tension glaucoma, worse in left eye. Previous good eye pressure control on Alphagan but developed follicular conjunctivitis. Improved pressure on Cosopt but experienced skin irritation. Patient also has history of disc hemorrhage in left eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07678", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07678.jpg", "filename": "data_07678.npz", "report": "Patient was referred for glaucoma evaluation, and diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye. She has a history of hypertensive retinopathy and had systolic blood pressure in 270s.", "age": 52.98, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. referred by PERSON for glaucoma evaluation. she was newly diagnosed with hypertensive retinopathy after having sbp of 270s at brigham and women's. diagnosis: traumatic glaucoma, right eye, mild-mod target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 476 / 479 gonioscopy: trace angle recession in 2 quad od, cbb ou refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): 0.7 with inferior>superior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): 0.5 with thickening visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): inferior arcuate visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): mild superior non-specific defect medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: htn retinopathy other eye problems left eye: htn retinopathy family history: no steroids: trauma: yes, right eye asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. traumatic glaucoma od mild-mod, glaucoma suspect os -will avoid latanoprost due to mild cme -thin cct 2. hypertensive retinopathy ou with history of possible superior brvo od -superior brvo can cause superior inner retina thinning, but inferior>superior rnfl thinning is concerning for glaucoma 3. iris sphincter tears od -history of trauma plan: -start timolol 2/0 rtc DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient was referred for glaucoma evaluation, and diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic glaucoma in the right eye. She has a history of hypertensive retinopathy and had systolic blood pressure in 270s.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07679", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07679.jpg", "filename": "data_07679.npz", "report": "Patient Sanchez has conditions: asthma, hypercholesterolemia, backache, snoring, alopecia. No sign of glaucoma mentioned. No immunizations administered.", "age": 44.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "sanchez,PERSON,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME jhony escobar DATE_TIME 11:04 am received from: partners lmr condition list as of DATE_TIME asthma hypercholesterolemia backache snoring alopecia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient Sanchez has conditions: asthma, hypercholesterolemia, backache, snoring, alopecia. No sign of glaucoma mentioned. No immunizations administered.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07680", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07680.jpg", "filename": "data_07680.npz", "report": "The 49 y.o female has hypertension, dysarthria and left facial numbness caused by a lateral medullary stroke. She also had an irritated eye due to eyelash placement that resolved with antibiotics and is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance.", "age": 49.05, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "49 y.o. female with hypertension last saw me DATE_TIME history of htn, hld, PERSON of lateral medullary stroke (DATE_TIME), diagnosed at bwh ed after presenting with left facial numbness and dysarthria \u00ff #hx irritated eye os DATE_TIME after eyelash placement - resolved with antibiotics and bcl - instructed to use artificial tears \u00ff # lateral medullary stroke - pt with residual left facial numbness and mild ptosis; she has full closure of left eyelids and cornea DATE_TIME clear - caution against rubbing eyes - recommend artifical tears twice daily for lubrication - hvf previous visit reliable and full- no evidence of vision loss \u00ff # glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance od>os fam hx: none tmax: 16/15 (DATE_TIME) cct: 489/482 (thin)-- iop likely higher than measured gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to ss with high iris processes, faintly pigmented tm hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: ou full hvf DATE_TIME: ou full rnfl DATE_TIME: ou PERSON DATE_TIME: full rims ou rnfl DATE_TIME: full rims ou disc photos: >> monitor off eyedrops given normal testing \u00ff # blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou notes tearing ou. >>\u00ffuse artificial tears twice daily # conj melanosis od - monitor \u00ff # refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. \u00ff 1 y for mrx, LOCATION, hvf, rnfl oct _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The 49 y.o female has hypertension, dysarthria and left facial numbness caused by a lateral medullary stroke. She also had an irritated eye due to eyelash placement that resolved with antibiotics and is suspected to have glaucoma based on cup:disc appearance.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07681", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07681.jpg", "filename": "data_07681.npz", "report": "Patient with mixed mechanism glaucoma, responded to steroids, showing sup/inf thinning in both eyes. Underwent SLT but showed no effect on right eye. Tolerated Vyzulta poorly, so will restart and continue Cosopt and Brimonidine. Elects to have Xen needling surgery despite discussed risks.\n", "age": 53.82, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# Mixed mechanism glaucoma (steroid responder) OU: CCT 600/610 Tmax 36/36; s/p SLT OS (2004). s/p SLT 2/8/10 OD (NO EFFECT of SLT OD). -10 myope OCT: sup/inf thinning (worse 2016-2019) OD, OS sup thinning (worse 2016-2019); GCC diffuse loss OU HVF: nml as of 2018 \u00ff Goal IOP upper teens\u00ff\u00ff Could not tolerate rhopressa Started on vyzulta OD 11/2019 \u00ff\u00ff PLAN S/p Xen implant RIGHT EYE DATE_TIME; prolonged hypotony post-op initially, followed by intraocular pressure creep up RNFL OCT is worse inferiorly right eye Visual field also worse right eye today , but small change return to OR for needling due to posterior location of bleb and ocular anatomy He agrees Prudent to get second opinion with DOCTOR first Restart vyzulta both eyes instead of lumigan - Continue cosopt and brimonidine tid I discussed the risks/benefits/alternative of xen needling surgery including but not limited to the following: Infection, Bleeding, Droopy lid, double vision, need for additional/repeat procedure if scarring develops, lack of desired IOP lowering, need for additional IOP lowering medications, prolonged inflammation, possible retinal detachment and rare loss of vision. After this discussion, the patient elected to proceed.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with mixed mechanism glaucoma, responded to steroids, showing sup/inf thinning in both eyes. Underwent SLT but showed no effect on right eye. Tolerated Vyzulta poorly, so will restart and continue Cosopt and Brimonidine. Elects to have Xen needling surgery despite discussed risks.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07682", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07682.jpg", "filename": "data_07682.npz", "report": "The patient is a 54-year-old female with uveitic glaucoma - mild in the right eye, moderate in the left. Her central corneal thickness is 642/553, with a history of corneal edema in her right eye. She doesn't have medication intolerance. She is on cosopt, Namenda, and more. Other conditions include anterior uveitis, CME, and retinoschisis.", "age": 54.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending's assessment and plan: 54 y.o. female - uveitic glaucoma ou, mild od, mod os, s/PERSON. PERSON 48 unclear which eye. PERSON. medication intolerance: none central corneal thickness: 642/ 553 - hx of k edema od from tube in ac od in DATE_TIME. s/p pars planar tube reposition od in DATE_TIME (dr. PERSON) goal PERSON, os mid teens - at goal DATE_TIME plan: c/w cosopt bid os, PERSON, PERSON 500 bid PERSON bid - namenda 10 mg po - per dr. PERSON and his team. - anterior uveitis, idiopathic plan: per dr. PERSON. - cme od noted in oct scan in DATE_TIME. plan: may need medical treatment to restore LOCATION before evaluation for any corneal procedures. - k edema od plan: per dr. PERSON ou plan: monitor - retinoschisis od s/p laser - systemic / social: none y - rtc as needed as pt will follow up w dr. PERSON.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 54-year-old female with uveitic glaucoma - mild in the right eye, moderate in the left. Her central corneal thickness is 642/553, with a history of corneal edema in her right eye. She doesn't have medication intolerance. She is on cosopt, Namenda, and more. Other conditions include anterior uveitis, CME, and retinoschisis.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07683", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07683.jpg", "filename": "data_07683.npz", "report": "The patient has chronic anemia, right elbow pain, and acute left knee pain. Immunizations were administered. The patient's account is ready. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 65.41, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "anemia chronic pain of right elbow acute pain of left knee results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has chronic anemia, right elbow pain, and acute left knee pain. Immunizations were administered. The patient's account is ready. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07684", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07684.jpg", "filename": "data_07684.npz", "report": "52-year-old patient with stable history of multiple sclerosis; no history of optic neuritis. Uses Omega 3 and artificial tears; wears scleral lenses for myopia. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 52.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "52 yo here for yearly h/o ms overall stable #h/o ms, no h/o optic neuritis appears full ou monitor #mild ded -omega 3 po -art tears bid #scl wearer myopia -saw URLr in DATE_TIME fu coe DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "52-year-old patient with stable history of multiple sclerosis; no history of optic neuritis. Uses Omega 3 and artificial tears; wears scleral lenses for myopia. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07685", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07685.jpg", "filename": "data_07685.npz", "report": "77-year-old female with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Drusen, CNV, monocular diplopia & chronic flashes. Early cataract present, elevated risk for glaucoma.", "age": 78.37, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "77f pediatric and adult psychiatrist lives in LOCATION, works in LOCATION stable monocular diplopia os stable chronic flashes os 1. wet amd ou - s/p pdt od 2002, s/p pdt os 2003 - previous fa showed occult PERSON ou in DATE_TIME temporal to fovea - never had any anti-vegf injections (only pdt) - has drusen and scattered ped ou, cnv os - now with new srf on oct today os; prev heme present but ?increased DATE_TIME - rec intravitreal anti-vegf injection os DATE_TIME -- pt hesitant about injections as she doesn't think they will help (has 2 relatives getting injections and their vision isn't improving) and she is unsure if she can come back DATE_TIME; pt not interested in following up closer to home - consider NRP photos DATE_TIME. pvd ou - rd precautions 3. early cataract ou - nvs, monitor 4. elevated LOCATION: - mother with glaucoma - rec cos evaluation for glaucoma suspect - has appt with PERSON DATE_TIME for mrx esther PERSON, PERSON saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. _______________ PERSON md", "gpt4_summary": "77-year-old female with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Drusen, CNV, monocular diplopia & chronic flashes. Early cataract present, elevated risk for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07686", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07686.jpg", "filename": "data_07686.npz", "report": "Patient, 59 y.o., has visually significant myopic shift and cataract in right eye. Intraocular pressure in right eye elevated. No presence of glaucoma observed.", "age": 59.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.4 0.2 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis add right -4.00 -0.25 164 +2.00 left +1.00 -0.75 090 +2.00 manifest refraction sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right -2.75 20/30-2 +2.50 j1+ left PHONE_NUMBER/30-2 +2.50 j1+ -2 final rx sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right -2.75 20/30-2 +2.50 j1+ left PHONE_NUMBER/30-2 +2.50 j1+ -2 the opposite signs are intentional. assessment and plan 59 y.o. NRP speaking, generally healthy cataract od> os - milky nucleus od, myopic shift - becoming visually significant > observe, continue current glasses s/PERSON of elevated intraocular pressure od - tcurrent: 20/20 - t previous: 19/15 - tmax: - tgoal: - c/d ratio: 0.4/0.2 - gonioscopy: od patent pi, open to ss/cbb on indentation gonioscopy inf, + DATE_TIME pas inf, looks closed temp, nasally os patent pi, open to ss/cbb on indentation gonioscopy inf, looks closed temp, nasally - central corneal thickness: 544/558 - oct: DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME - hvf: DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME nonspecific defects, essentially full DATE_TIME full ou - family history: negative - race: NRP - optic nerve photos next time > continue timolol bid od refractive error > defer, current glasses still ok follow up refraction; bat dilated exam, next visit DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient, 59 y.o., has visually significant myopic shift and cataract in right eye. Intraocular pressure in right eye elevated. No presence of glaucoma observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07687", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07687.jpg", "filename": "data_07687.npz", "report": "Patient is a low suspect for glaucoma due to traumatic hyphema history. No family history of glaucoma. Iris sphincter tears present. Uses albuterol for asthma. Recommended for general ophthalmology follow-up.", "age": 41.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "?1. glaucoma suspect (low) due to history of traumatic hyphema in os - pachymetry (563/556); tmax 14/13 (at initial PERSON visit); no fhx of glaucoma - hvf full ou - oct-rnfl pending ?- no angle recession on gonio os with normal PERSON ou and normal optic nerves - follow ? 2. iris sphincter tears os causing slight anisocria os > od - follow DATE_TIME childhood exotropia s/p strabismus surgery - follow ? social/systemic: uses albuterol for asthma ? rtc in glaucoma prn - recommend general ophthalmology follow-up in DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a low suspect for glaucoma due to traumatic hyphema history. No family history of glaucoma. Iris sphincter tears present. Uses albuterol for asthma. Recommended for general ophthalmology follow-up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07688", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07688.jpg", "filename": "data_07688.npz", "report": "The patient has cupping in both eyes but no increased intraocular pressure. Normal visual field and a family history of glaucoma from maternal grandmother. They also have dry eyes and a history of ocular migraines. Treatment includes warm compresses, artificial tears, and annual eye tests.", "age": 31.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: cupping ou, PERSON, no iop elevation; nl hvf and DATE_TIME (+fh glaucoma---maternal grandmother) mgd/dry ou hx ocular migraines plan: warm compr/art tears prn yrly oct of rnfl and hvf at next visit", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has cupping in both eyes but no increased intraocular pressure. Normal visual field and a family history of glaucoma from maternal grandmother. They also have dry eyes and a history of ocular migraines. Treatment includes warm compresses, artificial tears, and annual eye tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07689", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07689.jpg", "filename": "data_07689.npz", "report": "70-year-old female with diagnosed open angle glaucoma: severe stage in left eye (OS), mild in right eye (OD). On eye drops since diagnosis. Likely allergic to Trusopt. May need filtration surgery on OS. Continues follow-up with Dr.PERSON.", "age": 71.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "70 yo f here for second opinion about her glaucoma. was seen prior in LOCATION by dr. PERSON. had cataract surgery with him. diagnosed with glaucoma bout DATE_TIME, since then on eye drops. no h/o asthma, but has mild sinus disease. no fh, take occasional prednisolone po for allergy. no prior records available DATE_TIME. 1. open angle glaucoma ou, os severe stage, od mild stage - s tp slt os - thin cct 516/514, gonio open ou - iop is low teens on current treatment, acceptable for amount of gon. - iop goal mid teens od and low teens os - appears to be developing allergy to trusopt. advised that likely will need filtration surgery in the future os as she already has split fixation os. r/b of surgery discussed in details. long discussion was done about the nature of the disease, visual prognosis and management options at this stage, patient voiced understanding, all questions were answered. she will continue follow up and further management with dr. PERSON. rtc: with dr. PERSON for further management, and PERSON prn plan: cont cosopt bid os, zioptan qhs os timolol qam od 2. pseudophakia ou (dr. PERSON ) - os - significant iol denesis - management per dr. PERSON. dr. PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "70-year-old female with diagnosed open angle glaucoma: severe stage in left eye (OS), mild in right eye (OD). On eye drops since diagnosis. Likely allergic to Trusopt. May need filtration surgery on OS. Continues follow-up with Dr.PERSON.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07690", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07690.jpg", "filename": "data_07690.npz", "report": "23 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 23.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "a 23 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "23 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07691", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07691.jpg", "filename": "data_07691.npz", "report": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with indeterminate stage. No current intraocular pressure treatment. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber Layer in both eyes.", "age": 39.98, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, indeterminate stage overview open angle glaucoma suspect based on cup-disc ratio asymmetry (elsewhere). target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ); central corneal thickness: 557 / 561 refractive error: od . x / os . x optic nerve structure and function: visual field ~normal both eyes. retinal nerve fiber layer abnormal both eyes at presentation (DATE_TIME). medications and intolerances: none procedures and complications: relevant history and problems: topiramate. current assessment & plan no intraocular pressure treatment now. low threshold to treat intraocular pressure, however, given retinal nerve fiber layer.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes with indeterminate stage. No current intraocular pressure treatment. Abnormal retinal nerve fiber Layer in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07692", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07692.jpg", "filename": "data_07692.npz", "report": "The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 56.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 56 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 56-year-old white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07693", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07693.jpg", "filename": "data_07693.npz", "report": "Patient has pinguecula, dry eyes, refractive error, borderline optic nerve cupping in both eyes. No glaucoma, trauma or steroids use. OCT and perimetry normal. Plan is glasses and eye treatments.", "age": 59.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: pinguec ou dry ou refr error borderline optic nerve cupping, os>od: no fhx glaucoma, no trauma, no steroids, PERSON both eyes; normal optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry both eyes; central corneal thickness av. \u00ff plan: rx=m glasses warm compresses and art tears prn; zaditor prn DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pinguecula, dry eyes, refractive error, borderline optic nerve cupping in both eyes. No glaucoma, trauma or steroids use. OCT and perimetry normal. Plan is glasses and eye treatments.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07694", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07694.jpg", "filename": "data_07694.npz", "report": "The note discusses obtaining patient's records from CT office. Patient will request them; no mention of glaucoma.\n", "age": 31.89, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "spoke with pt regarding records and also called the office in ct to request records unfortunately, the records have to be requested by the pt with a signature to release her records, she will reach out to them and if unable to have the records faxed she will bring them with her.", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses obtaining patient's records from CT office. Patient will request them; no mention of glaucoma.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07695", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07695.jpg", "filename": "data_07695.npz", "report": "57-year-old man with history of high blood pressure is suspected to have glaucoma. Followed up at BMC with thin corneas. No family history of glaucoma or steroids use. No glaucoma signs observed.", "age": 57.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "57 yo man with history of elevated blood pressure (diet controlled) new patient DATE_TIME DATE_TIME, bmc too far from home 1. glaucoma suspect (c/d) -has been followed at bmc. tmax 16/17 there. no fhx glaucoma. no steroids. cct DATE_TIME: 506/511 (thin) hvf DATE_TIME: reliable and wnl ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: wnl ou, large onh ou disc photos DATE_TIME iop 17/17 DATE_TIME >> overall, onh have healthy rims. no signs of glaucoma. ctm off drops and follow 2. s/p laser retinopexy os DATE_TIME for operculated hole with srf sn (dr. PERSON) - good laser barricade 3. refractive error: >> updated mrx DATE_TIME with stronger reading add per pt preference", "gpt4_summary": "57-year-old man with history of high blood pressure is suspected to have glaucoma. Followed up at BMC with thin corneas. No family history of glaucoma or steroids use. No glaucoma signs observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07696", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07696.jpg", "filename": "data_07696.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension and shows a shallow nasal step in the right eye. Glaucoma medication caused contact dermatitis. Also, patient has posterior polymorphic corneal endothelial dystrophy and a benign choroidal nevus. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 78.21, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# ocular hypertension ou; central corneal thickness 620/591 microns; intraocular pressure (iop) max 26/24; PERSON is full os and shows a shallow nasal step od but this could be long term flucuation as disc loos stable glaucoma medication issues: PERSON produced contact dermatitis. # posterior polymorphic corneal endothelial dystrophy with circular pattern and some central railroad tracks od>os - stable ou. # choroidal nevus od - benign pp both eyes plan: visual field and rnfl oct normal and stable - continue with ltn both eyes use at as needed for dry eye rtc 12 mths visual field, rnfl oct and dilate", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension and shows a shallow nasal step in the right eye. Glaucoma medication caused contact dermatitis. Also, patient has posterior polymorphic corneal endothelial dystrophy and a benign choroidal nevus. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07697", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07697.jpg", "filename": "data_07697.npz", "report": "The note states both eyes are good with borderline superior thinning observed. No abnormality was detected in the MRI brain scan. Bilateral ocular surface disease noted and migrainous symptoms suggested, but no explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 41.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "notes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; rnfl, gcc right eye good. left eye good. notes od: PERSON (mean 92 um), borderline superior thinning PERSON (mean 74 um) os: PERSON (mean 96 um), borderline LOCATION thinning PERSON (mean 74 um) review of recent neuroimaging was notable for: DATE_TIME mri brain without contrast (report only) no intracranial abnormality. impression and recommendations: in summary, ms. PERSON's migratory PERSON apparent only in bright lighting are consistent with a benign blue field entoptic phenomenon, with no afferent dysfunction on examination to raise concern for a retinal or cortical process. note was made on examination of bilateral ocular surface disease that could account for her eye discomfort, although her episodic sensory disturbance, mild photophobia, and propensity towards motion sickness could reflect an underlying migrainous process. as she has not had frank headaches, the utility of migraine prophylaxis for these symptoms is likely questionable, though there may be some benefit in further management of her underlying anxiety symptoms. we additionally reviewed conservative measures for ocular surface disease, including artificial tears 3-4 times DATE_TIME and warm compresses twice DATE_TIME. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up as needed, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The note states both eyes are good with borderline superior thinning observed. No abnormality was detected in the MRI brain scan. Bilateral ocular surface disease noted and migrainous symptoms suggested, but no explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07698", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07698.jpg", "filename": "data_07698.npz", "report": "Patient has bilateral optic neuropathy, potential seronegative NMO, rheumatoid arthritis, and homonymous condition. Glaucoma is not mentioned. Recommendations include continuing rituximab, follow-ups with neuro-ophthalmologist and neurology & rheumatology.", "age": 35.65, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "we discussed that certain forms of vision rehab may be of limited benefit, but will not cause any visual harm. diagnoses. 1. bilateral optic neuropathy, ? seronegative NMO 2. homonymous LOCATION 3. rheumatoid arthritis (versus early sle) with mildly elevated ana, 1:40 recommendations. 1. continue with rituximab as planned 2. follow up with neuro-ophthalmologist closer to home, can follow up with me as needed 3. follow up with neurology and rheumatology PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (60 MINUTES preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has bilateral optic neuropathy, potential seronegative NMO, rheumatoid arthritis, and homonymous condition. Glaucoma is not mentioned. Recommendations include continuing rituximab, follow-ups with neuro-ophthalmologist and neurology & rheumatology.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07699", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07699.jpg", "filename": "data_07699.npz", "report": "The patient shows consistent thinning in eyes (os & od), with inferior and borderline superior thinning. Treatment includes latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide. IOP and oct are stable, but increased defects in visual field are noted. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 84.51, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "borderline superior thinning. os is thinning. stable ou oct DATE_TIME: od is thinning, os is thinning (similar ou to prior) oct DATE_TIME: od is thinning, os is thinning (similar ou to prior) oct DATE_TIME: od is thinning, superior sl worse c/w 2014 and DATE_TIME. os is thinning, stable. oct DATE_TIME: od inferior and borderline superior thining. os is thinning. both stable DATE_TIME: od borderline superior thinning, inferior thinning. os is thinning. dp DATE_TIME saw dr. PERSON in past (DATE_TIME last visit), prefers f/u here for now DATE_TIME: iop good but with oct sl worse corresponding to new hvf change with history of PERSONME, will switch dorzolamide tid to latanoprost qhs. DATE_TIME: follow closely for now, iop stable and good on current regimen (latanoprost, timolol bid, brimonidine bid, dorzolamide qam (has remaining >> may d/c)) DATE_TIME: iop and testing stable on current regimen (latanoprost qhs, timolol bid, brimonidine bid), oct stable. will repeat hvf at next f/u (watch os carefully), unable to return sooner as he will be traveling to ca and fl DATE_TIME 14/DATE_TIME: iop stable on current regiment latanoprost qhs, timolol bid, brimonidine bid), marginal decrease in rnfl superior ou. visual field with increased defects os; however given poor reliability at last visit unclear if this refects progression. will monitor. \u00ff\u00ff 4. dry amd ou areds 2 vitamins and amsler monitoring >> saw dr. PERSON in f/u DATE_TIME, now DATE_TIME with stable findings. will see dr. PERSON again in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows consistent thinning in eyes (os & od), with inferior and borderline superior thinning. Treatment includes latanoprost, timolol, brimonidine, and dorzolamide. IOP and oct are stable, but increased defects in visual field are noted. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07700", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07700.jpg", "filename": "data_07700.npz", "report": "The patient, Marianne D Cotter, has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes post SLT intervention. There's noted central corneal thickness and hemorrhage on the interior disc. No history of other health issues.", "age": 81.07, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "marianne d cotter is a DATE_TIME. female lost to fu for DATE_TIME, saw another md in interval and was changed to combigan. no interval records available. 1. primary open angle glaucoma ou sp slt os 11/16, od 12/16 (ioppre 16) -inferior disc hemorrhage noted on DATE_TIME ; os noted DATE_TIME -central corneal thickness: 563/547 -iop max 19 ou (chart) -no asthma, no cvd, no allergies -no h/o hypotension/anemia/negative osa symptoms -iop better controlled s/p slt ou hvf 9/17: od looks worse, os similar to DATE_TIME, overall worse. DATE_TIME also worsening slowly ou 2. PERSON/o yag os -stable; observe DATE_TIME/o postoperative cme os (following ce/iol os) -va stable DATE_TIME. h/o pmr with h/o plaquenil use: now off plaquenil 5. blepharitis/des--by history it appears she had viral conjunctivitis which is now resolved -infection precautions -warm compress/blepharitis treatment 6. ptosis ou: not fatiguable. underaction of levator, likely levator dehisence. - seeing oculoplastics in LOCATION, considering surgery there plan cont combigan ou goal PERSON to 10 given progression DATE_TIME. add latanoprost rba discussed -difficulty reading--send to optom, has not seen yet -return 3 mo, repeat hvf to confirm progression, iop check sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, Marianne D Cotter, has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes post SLT intervention. There's noted central corneal thickness and hemorrhage on the interior disc. No history of other health issues.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07701", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07701.jpg", "filename": "data_07701.npz", "report": "69 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 69.83, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "69 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07702", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07702.jpg", "filename": "data_07702.npz", "report": "The patient has impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, migraines, ulcerative colitis, essential hypertension, hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, and fatigue. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 62.38, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "impaired glucose tolerance obesity migraine ulcerative colitis essential hypertension hypothyroidism history of dilatation and curettage sensorineural hearing loss fatigue results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your partners patient gateway account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your partners patient gateway user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your partners patient gateway account: ? if you already have a partners patient gateway account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your partners patient gateway account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? partners patient gateway support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the partners patient gateway support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, migraines, ulcerative colitis, essential hypertension, hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, and fatigue. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07703", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07703.jpg", "filename": "data_07703.npz", "report": "60 y.o. female with ocular hypertension in both eyes and possible mild primary open angle glaucoma in left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Assessment indicates borderline superior thinning in left eye with targeted IOP met and stable VF and OCT.", "age": 60.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 28 / 33 central corneal thickness: 547 / 562 gonioscopy: c30b 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: borderline superior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: watch for inferior depression family history: maternal grandfather and grandmother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 60 y.o. female # ocular hypertension, both eyes (vs possible primary open angle glaucoma, mild, left eye) - relatively healthy nerves and normal vf and oct testing od, much less robust rnfl os than od - previously considered selective laser trabeculoplasty but will hold for now, may consider if iris color begins changing enough to be bothersome - iop acceptable ou - vf and oct stable ou - continue latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # posterior vitreous detachment, right eye - saw dr. PERSONIME for acute symptoms - retina attached without breaks # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "60 y.o. female with ocular hypertension in both eyes and possible mild primary open angle glaucoma in left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Assessment indicates borderline superior thinning in left eye with targeted IOP met and stable VF and OCT.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07704", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07704.jpg", "filename": "data_07704.npz", "report": "50-year-old male with history of hypertension, suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry in his eyes (mainly left). Also has posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts and moderate myopia. No interventions needed, just monitoring.", "age": 50.07, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "50 m, Institution physician (neuro-oncology), hx htn, scc for dilated exam and glaucoma testing # glaucoma suspect with cup/disc asymmetry, left > right. states this was found and has been monitored since his teenage years [ fhx: no [ cct: 542,533 [ oct DATE_TIME: borderline suptemp thinning os > od [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - given history, likely physiologic. no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # posterior polar and/or posterior subcapsular cataract, both eyes. previously told that he had congenital cataracts. - not visually significant at this time. no intervention required at this time. # moderate myopia - f/u with PERSON; LOCATION recently ordered rtc 1-2 years, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "50-year-old male with history of hypertension, suspect for glaucoma due to cup/disc asymmetry in his eyes (mainly left). Also has posterior polar/subcapsular cataracts and moderate myopia. No interventions needed, just monitoring.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07705", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07705.jpg", "filename": "data_07705.npz", "report": "The patient has advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes with excellent, current intraocular pressure (IOP). They were lost to glaucoma follow-up at one point. Previously took steroids for uveitis but don't anymore. Pseudophakia in both eyes is stable. Patient also has cornea scarring and cicatricial entropion, but both are stable.", "age": 87.36, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "1. open-angle glaucoma ou, advanced stage - iop max unknown - cct 575/500 - s/PERSON (DATE_TIME) - lost to glaucoma follow up from DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME - no steroids currently but was on LOCATION/pred intermittently for uveitis - od testing not helpful, os testing shows possible mild progression of superior thinning and inferior nasal step but this could have been when iop was higher from steroid effect. - currently iop excellent 2. uveitis ou with no inflammation ou. -was seen by PERSON in past - quiet DATE_TIME, despite latanoprost use 3. pseudophakia ou, stable 4. cicatricial entropion od -s/p repair DATE_TIME w dr. PERSON -biopsy negative for ocp 5. cornea scarring od -stable -seen by dr. chodosh DATE_TIME plan continue xalatan qhs ou and cosopt bid ou protective eye wear rtc DATE_TIME for iop check only and can get gvf baseline od, sooner if steroids are restarted", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has advanced stage open-angle glaucoma in both eyes with excellent, current intraocular pressure (IOP). They were lost to glaucoma follow-up at one point. Previously took steroids for uveitis but don't anymore. Pseudophakia in both eyes is stable. Patient also has cornea scarring and cicatricial entropion, but both are stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07706", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07706.jpg", "filename": "data_07706.npz", "report": "33 y.o. white, non-hispanic male shows no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 33.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 33 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "33 y.o. white, non-hispanic male shows no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07707", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07707.jpg", "filename": "data_07707.npz", "report": "The patient is a 48-year-old with ankylosing spondylitis, a history of iritis, and episcleritis. There's a family history of glaucoma. Iritus and episcleritis had occurred, but resolved with no recurrences.", "age": 48.86, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "48 y.o. with ankylosing spondylitis, history of PERSON, iritis os 1 episode, also separate episode of PERSON \u00ff\u00ff 1. hx of episcleritis od resolved, no recurrence \u00ff\u00ff 2. iritis os (previous hx of iritis od) hla-b27 positive (see #3) last episode DATE_TIME had recurrence after stopping drops, called and restarted old drops, resolved in DATE_TIME, no recurrence since continue to monitor \u00ff\u00ff 3. ankylosing spondylitis not on any treatment, sees a rheumatologist twice a year \u00ff\u00ff 4. family hx of glaucoma father being treated, he has lost '50% of his peripheral vision' iop DATE_TIME (19/20, has always been wnl) healthy appearing optic nerves with stable c/d ratio pachy 524/526 hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, reliable hvf DATE_TIME: full ou with mild non-specific changes PERSON DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od normal/ os borderline temporal thinning DATE_TIME: normal ou rec: - follow-up in DATE_TIME, repeat LOCATION, hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 48-year-old with ankylosing spondylitis, a history of iritis, and episcleritis. There's a family history of glaucoma. Iritus and episcleritis had occurred, but resolved with no recurrences.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07708", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07708.jpg", "filename": "data_07708.npz", "report": "60-year-old female, no family history of glaucoma. Possible sup segmental optic nerve hypoplasia/congenital anomaly. No history of intraocular pressure >21. Needs continued monitoring to ensure no progression.", "age": 60.47, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 y.o. f from LOCATION moved from westchester for husband's job (phd scientist) new patient to me DATE_TIME no fh glaucoma per patient, her friend is ophthalmologist in LOCATION, was told she had ? sup segmental optic nerve hypopolasia / congenital anomaly - testing has been stable over DATE_TIME - mother not diabetic - no fh glaucoma gonio open cct 582/574 no know hx iop >21 today, d/w pt ok to monitor but essential to confirm this is not a progressive condition # myopic - ctl wear - happy with specs # phakic early lens changes od >os plan d/w patient, important to see prior hvf to ensure no progression - continue to monitor off drops DATE_TIME iop check, repeat hvf", "gpt4_summary": "60-year-old female, no family history of glaucoma. Possible sup segmental optic nerve hypoplasia/congenital anomaly. No history of intraocular pressure >21. Needs continued monitoring to ensure no progression.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07709", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07709.jpg", "filename": "data_07709.npz", "report": "Patient has 20/25 vision, pigment dispersion, history of recurrent erosion. Mild irregularity found in topography. No glaucoma or ABMD observed. Possible cataract surgery discussed.", "age": 55.6, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "seems to be 20/25 and not 20/20. 4. pigment dispersion PERSON. hx of recurrent erosion. -no abmd seen on exam DATE_TIME -topography shows only mild irregularity, not enough to explain the symptoms. return in DATE_TIME with dilation, before if needed. discuss pursuing cataract surgery os again depending on the symptoms. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has 20/25 vision, pigment dispersion, history of recurrent erosion. Mild irregularity found in topography. No glaucoma or ABMD observed. Possible cataract surgery discussed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07710", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07710.jpg", "filename": "data_07710.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Will follow-up for tests, including IOP check, dilation, disc photos, and OCT RNFL. Majority of visit spent on glaucoma counseling.", "age": 33.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "that i will likely follow him DATE_TIME for DATE_TIME. if testing stable at that point, i will follow DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, dilation, disc photos and repeat oct rnfl (dilated => please obtain signal>8/10 ou), sooner prn. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma suspicion before proceeding with PERSON.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma. Will follow-up for tests, including IOP check, dilation, disc photos, and OCT RNFL. Majority of visit spent on glaucoma counseling.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07711", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07711.jpg", "filename": "data_07711.npz", "report": "Patient was recommended for glaucoma monitoring due to mild cupping and family history. The diagnosis is glaucoma suspect, associated with possible superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve.", "age": 45.07, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. mother is a patient of dr. PERSON's. dr. PERSON recommended that she be monitored as a glaucoma suspect due to mild cupping and family history. she has a history of PERSON, which might account for her tilted nerves. diagnosis: glaucoma suspect due to family history target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 538 / 527 gonioscopy: cbb ou refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): possible superior thinning optic nerve/rnfl findings on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): possible superior/inferior thinning visual fields on baseline visit right eye (DATE_TIME): full visual fields on baseline visit left eye (DATE_TIME): full medication history at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother sees dr. PERSON steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect due to family history -rnfl defects may be related to tilted nerves and myopia 2. history of PERSON -previous myope 3. dry eyes ou -followed by PERSON PERSON -on restasis plan: -continue restasis per dr. PERSON -monitor off of iop meds rtc in DATE_TIME for LOCATION, oct rnfl/gcc", "gpt4_summary": "Patient was recommended for glaucoma monitoring due to mild cupping and family history. The diagnosis is glaucoma suspect, associated with possible superior/inferior thinning of optic nerve.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07712", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07712.jpg", "filename": "data_07712.npz", "report": "Patient has pituitary adenoma, elevated prolactin levels, and bi-temporal visual field defect resulting in reduced central acuity. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 61.42, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "thickness. impression: 1. pituitary adenoma, with elevated prolactin levels (? how high) 2. bi-temporal visual field defect, with marked reduction in central acuity os, secondary to #1 recommendations: 1. neurosurgical consultation - i spoke with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME. neuro-endocrine consultation - will be arranged by dr. swearingen 3. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME, or sooner", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pituitary adenoma, elevated prolactin levels, and bi-temporal visual field defect resulting in reduced central acuity. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07713", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07713.jpg", "filename": "data_07713.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female with a history of multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, hypertension, and GERD. No evidence of glaucoma. Noted thin optic disc, hvf defects, possible cataract. Will repeat tests and observe.", "age": 65.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "65 y.o. female has a past medical history of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis (DATE_TIME). hypertension, gerd pt left before being seen by PERSON DATE_TIME: oct DATE_TIME od thin temporal, borderline thin inferior os thin temp -- relatively stable PERSON compared to DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME od wnl os inferior defects > pt did not want to come back for an exam. will schedule her to repeat the tests in DATE_TIME as well as a comprehensive exam. if defects on hvf os reproducible, consider starting medication ---------------------------- hx optic neuritis od - normal color vision DATE_TIME - no apd incipient cataract ou - not visually significant > observe refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request last visit optic disc cupping ou - no family hx - iop excellent - cct DATE_TIME DATE_TIME od borderline thinning s/i os thinning temp - hvf DATE_TIME od nonspecific defects os full > observe for now. repeat hvf/DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female with a history of multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, hypertension, and GERD. No evidence of glaucoma. Noted thin optic disc, hvf defects, possible cataract. Will repeat tests and observe.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07714", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07714.jpg", "filename": "data_07714.npz", "report": "The patient is on Travatan nightly for both eyes, and Pred Forte twice daily for the left eye. OCT is scheduled for the right eye. Glaucoma status not specified.\n", "age": 85.43, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "times per day both eyes travatan once nightly both eyes pred forte 2 times per day left eye per dr. PERSON return to clinic DATE_TIME for optical coherence tomography right eye i, , am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on Travatan nightly for both eyes, and Pred Forte twice daily for the left eye. OCT is scheduled for the right eye. Glaucoma status not specified.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07715", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07715.jpg", "filename": "data_07715.npz", "report": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure (IOP) and a progressing cataract in the right eye (OD), indicative of glaucoma. Phaco/ECP/KDB was done in the right eye (OD).", "age": 75.88, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop persistently above goal od and cataract that is progressing od, we proceeded with phaco/ecp/kdb od on DATE_TIME. -mrx given on DATE_TIME at patient's request. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, oct rnfl/gcc od, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has persistently high intraocular pressure (IOP) and a progressing cataract in the right eye (OD), indicative of glaucoma. Phaco/ECP/KDB was done in the right eye (OD).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07716", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07716.jpg", "filename": "data_07716.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed as glaucoma suspect referred by optometry. Family history reveals a father with severe glaucoma. No current glaucoma procedures. Borderline inferior thinning noted in right eye. Plan to monitor without treatment.", "age": 31.65, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect referred by optometry (had dfe on DATE_TIME) target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 20/20 central corneal thickness: 523 / 508 gonioscopy: ciliary body both eyes, minimal pigment refractive error: od -1.75 . -1.00 . 150 / os -2.75 . -1.00 . 035 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: full, borderline inferior thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: full visual fields on initial visit right eye: lid artifact, non-specific visual fields on initial visit left eye: lid artifact verus superior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: father with severe glaucoma (df patient PERSON) steroids: a few times NRP pack for migraines trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: migraine, htn, hld, PERSON, pancreatitis, anxiety and depression plan: monitor off treatment rtc annually initial note: glaucoma suspect - intraocular pressure borderline, healthy nerves - considering family history recheck in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed as glaucoma suspect referred by optometry. Family history reveals a father with severe glaucoma. No current glaucoma procedures. Borderline inferior thinning noted in right eye. Plan to monitor without treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07717", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07717.jpg", "filename": "data_07717.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide any medical information or mention the presence of glaucoma. It only gives instructions about logging in to a patient account & contacting support.", "age": 69.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "sign in with your username and password. \u0007 you must log into your partners patient gateway account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. \u0007 trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. \u0007 need help? partners patient gateway support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the partners patient gateway support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide any medical information or mention the presence of glaucoma. It only gives instructions about logging in to a patient account & contacting support.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07718", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07718.jpg", "filename": "data_07718.npz", "report": "Patient with myopathy in Cushing's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, thyroid nodules, adrenal insufficiency, D deficiency, diverticulosis, GERD, CVID, steroid-induced diabetes, hypertension, hypergammaglobulinemia, asthma, heart failure, pneumonia, neuromuscular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 53.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "patient: PERSON date of surgery: DATE_TIME procedure(s): fenestration nerve optic surgeon(s): PERSON, PERSON evaluation general: history of present illness: myopathy in cushing's disease carpal tunnel syndromeosteoarthritis \u00ffmultiple thyroid nodulesadrenal insufficiency due to corticosteroid withdrawal PERSON d deficiency \u00ffdiverticulosis gerd (gastroesophageal reflux disease)cvid (common variable immunodeficiency) steroid-induced diabetes hypogammaglobulinemiahypertension \u00ffasthmanocardia infection cardiovascular patient has congestive heart failure. pulmonary patient has pneumonia. patient has asthma. patient has shortness of breath. gi/hepatic/renal patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease. neuro/psych patient has a history of headaches and neuromuscular disease. endo/metabolic/other patient has chronic diabetes, type 2, controlled with insulin. physical exam airway: mallampati score is ii. neck rom is full. tm distance is normal. cardiovascular: the cardiovascular exam is normal. anesthesia assessment and plan asa physical status is: 3 e anesthesia type: general. PERSON destination/disposition: pacu. anesthetic plan and risks discussed with: patient. final anesthesia plan to be determined on DATE_TIME of surgery by primary anesthesia team.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with myopathy in Cushing's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, thyroid nodules, adrenal insufficiency, D deficiency, diverticulosis, GERD, CVID, steroid-induced diabetes, hypertension, hypergammaglobulinemia, asthma, heart failure, pneumonia, neuromuscular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Surgery planned. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07719", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07719.jpg", "filename": "data_07719.npz", "report": "The patient, a 25 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes and ocular hypertension in thick corneas. His IOP and OCT are satisfactory and there are no new glaucomatous changes. There's no glaucoma medication intolerance.", "age": 25.38, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 25 / 28 central corneal thickness: 645 / 616 gonioscopy: d40f 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: watch for inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer left eye: no focal glaucomatous thinning visual fields, right eye: left superior LOCATION visual fields, left eye: left superior LOCATION family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: focal-onset seizures secondary to right temporal cortical dysplasia s/p right anterior temporal lobectomy DATE_TIME, mesial temporal sclerosis assessment/plan: 25 y.o. male # ocular hypertension in the setting of thick corneas, both eyes # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio, both eyes - referred by dr. PERSON for enlarged cup to disc and iop 25/26 on DATE_TIME exam, thick cct ou - gap in visits DATE_TIME until DATE_TIME, new homonymous left superior LOCATION after right temporal lobectomy - iop acceptable ou, oct reassuring ou (prior was PERSON, not cirrus), vf without any convincing new glaucomatous changes that would correspond to exam/oct - continue to monitor closely without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 25 y.o. male, is a suspect for glaucoma due to his cup to disc ratio in both eyes and ocular hypertension in thick corneas. His IOP and OCT are satisfactory and there are no new glaucomatous changes. There's no glaucoma medication intolerance.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07720", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07720.jpg", "filename": "data_07720.npz", "report": "Patient had prior eye surgery, no known medication intolerance. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is good without meds. Full RNFL OCT & possible superior arc on HVF detected, suggesting possible glaucoma.", "age": 71.84, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME -prior surgeries and lasers: ce/iol od -intolerance to medications: none known -goal iop: teens current assessment & plan iop good off meds testing stable with full rnfl oct and possible sup arc vs. artifact on hvf plan: monitor off drops follow-up in DATE_TIME, LOCATION, oct, hvf relevant orders humphrey visual field - od - right eye oct, optic nerve - od - right eye - cirrus; PERSON, md DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had prior eye surgery, no known medication intolerance. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is good without meds. Full RNFL OCT & possible superior arc on HVF detected, suggesting possible glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07721", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07721.jpg", "filename": "data_07721.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes. They underwent BGI OD, are taking multiple glaucoma medications, and are under close follow-up and treatment adjustments.", "age": 88.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "and lll on DATE_TIME without complications (od: silicone 0.7mm lot#ls0621d; os: silicone 0.6mm lot#ls0721c). 8. social/systemic issues: prior patient of drs. PERSON's and song's. h/o a-fib. on asa and eliquis. originally from LOCATION, chile; we spoke in our common native language of NRP attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 12 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 14 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on xalatan qhs ou, PERSON, intermittent rhopressa qhs ou, brimonidine tid ou, and s/p bgi od (tube open). -continue PERSON. -continue PERSON. -restart rhopressa qhs ou. -continue brimonidine tid ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed, pf refresh pm qhs, and ocusoft plus qd-bid recommended on DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop persistently above goal PERSON, we proceeded with bgi od (short tube in ac) on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if iop increases above 12 mmhg, i may pursue mp cpc od given disc hemorrhage at iop of 08 mmhg on DATE_TIME. we could consider mp cpc ou if we want to stop brimonidine and rhopressa. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma with intraocular pressures above goal in both eyes. They underwent BGI OD, are taking multiple glaucoma medications, and are under close follow-up and treatment adjustments.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07722", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07722.jpg", "filename": "data_07722.npz", "report": "Patient has a history of SLE, left optic nerve swelling, fatigue, balance problems, cognitive slowing, hypogammaglobulinemia, developmental delay, fibromyalgia, RA. Visual acuity and color vision normal. Fundi stable, mild 360 elevation in left fundus. OCT ganglion cell thickness normal. No evidence of maculopathy. Chronic optic nerve elevation secondary to SLE, stable. Monocular diplopia, exotropia, left hypertropia, ptosis, keratosis present. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 40.44, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient returns for follow up of left optic nerve swelling, the etiology of which remains uncertain, although sle has been a working diagnosis for dr. PERSON. she has history of fatigue, difficulty with balance, cognitive slowing in the setting of hypogammaglobulinemia, mild developmental delay with static cognitive problems, fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis (on methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine since DATE_TIME). my exam revealed stable normal visual acuity and color vision. her automated (humphrey) visual field was unreliable technically, but overall, stable. the appearance of her fundi were stable, with the left fundus showing mild 360 elevation. her oct ganglion cell thickness study results were normal. her lumbar puncture was not performed in the proper positioning to accurately measure opening pressure, and the reading of 17 cm h20 may be spuriously low and prior imaging revealed mild sellar expansion with pituitary flattening which has been stable on recent mri. it is also possible, but less likely, that her chromosome 10 deletion and syndromic neurologic condition is related. overall, her vision has remained stable. i will see her again in DATE_TIME. she remains on plaquenil 400mg DATE_TIME since DATE_TIME without evidence of maculopathy. impression: 1. chronic optic nerve elevation os of unclear etiology, previously considered to be secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, stable. 2. monocular diplopia resolving with pinhole od 3. exotropia worse at near 4. left hypertropia in up-gaze, left-gaze, and head tilt in both directions 5. stable ptosis os 6. keratosis inferior lid os recommendations: 1. continue to follow up with your other eye care providers 2. return for neuro-ophthlamology clinic follow up in DATE_TIME or sooner prn PERSON, PERSON fellow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a history of SLE, left optic nerve swelling, fatigue, balance problems, cognitive slowing, hypogammaglobulinemia, developmental delay, fibromyalgia, RA. Visual acuity and color vision normal. Fundi stable, mild 360 elevation in left fundus. OCT ganglion cell thickness normal. No evidence of maculopathy. Chronic optic nerve elevation secondary to SLE, stable. Monocular diplopia, exotropia, left hypertropia, ptosis, keratosis present. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07723", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07723.jpg", "filename": "data_07723.npz", "report": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with retinal detachment in the right eye and advanced diffuse thinning in the left. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Undergoing latanoprost and combigan treatment.", "age": 71.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 580 / 578 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: difficult view with retinal detachment retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: advanced diffuse thinning near floor visual fields, right eye: hm visual fields, left eye: dense superior and inferior arcuate family history: father steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: hld, hypothyroidism, raynaud phenomenon, depression assessment/plan: 71 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p trabeculectomy ou (PERSON) - iop acceptable ou, vf os may be worse, DATE_TIME stable though essentially at floor - continue latanoprost qhs os, combigan bid os - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, repeat vf os - referral to vision rehab service placed, awaiting scheduling # chronic macula-off retinal detachment, right eye - reports waking up DATE_TIME or earlier with sudden vision loss, never evaluated for it - significant rapd od, have discussed limited prognosis - monocular precautions - next appointment with PERSONME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes (dr. PERSON) # s/p yag capsulotomy, both eyes - monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has severe primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with retinal detachment in the right eye and advanced diffuse thinning in the left. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Undergoing latanoprost and combigan treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07724", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07724.jpg", "filename": "data_07724.npz", "report": "Patient is a 75-year-old referred for glaucoma evaluation. No family history, treatment for glaucoma, steroid use, or sulfa allergy. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and suspected glaucoma. Also has cataracts and refractive error.", "age": 78.12, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "75 PERSON referred from dr. PERSON for glaucoma evaluation (prev saw PERSON) no fh, no treatment for glaucoma before, no steroid use, no sulfa allergy. 1. pseudoexfoliation syndrome ou, glaucoma suspect ou - t max unknown, t17 here - cct thick 559/570 - hvf repeatedly diffuse depression ou, but does not correspond to benign appearance of optic nerve and full rnfl oct. gvf done and shows constriction- no h/o stroke prior. 2. cataracts ou, pxf ou - dilates well - no vs at this time, monitor 3. refractive error - glasses per dr. PERSON plan iop acceptable oct does not match vf -- poor test taker oct normal stop vf testing rtc 6 PERSON, disc photos and dilate ou", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a 75-year-old referred for glaucoma evaluation. No family history, treatment for glaucoma, steroid use, or sulfa allergy. Diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and suspected glaucoma. Also has cataracts and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07725", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07725.jpg", "filename": "data_07725.npz", "report": "Patient likely has primary open-angle glaucoma predominantly in the left eye, with noticeable cupping and inferior depression. Also has thin central corneal thickness in both eyes.", "age": 77.86, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: good result with pciol ou dry amd od>os (foveal PERSON) hx glaucoma suspect--now likely poag os>od with inf depression os; cupping os, thin cct ou, PERSON refr error plan: rx=m prn consult with glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient likely has primary open-angle glaucoma predominantly in the left eye, with noticeable cupping and inferior depression. Also has thin central corneal thickness in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07726", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07726.jpg", "filename": "data_07726.npz", "report": "63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no glaucoma, but suffers hyperlipidemia and shows myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in bone marrow. Immunization administered on encounter date.", "age": 63.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. hyperlipidemia PERSON present in bone marrow mds (myelodysplastic syndrome) results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "63 y.o. white, non-hispanic female has no glaucoma, but suffers hyperlipidemia and shows myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in bone marrow. Immunization administered on encounter date.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07727", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07727.jpg", "filename": "data_07727.npz", "report": "Patient on continued latanoprost for glaucoma. Finds OCT tedious. Stable choroidal nevus in right eye. History of rosacea blepharitis, keratitis and chalazion. Residual chalazion present. PCO not significant, will monitor.", "age": 78.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "continue latanoprost ou qhs. hvf does not correl with oct (felt it was getting tedious os>od) \u00ff\u00ff 4. choroidal nevus od-stable \u00ff\u00ff 5. history of rosacea blepharitis with marginal keratitis ou DATE_TIME had rll chalazion oct, resolved with ung/wc by DATE_TIME (saw local ophthalmologist. recommend continue wc/lh for blepharitis >> called DATE_TIME: still residual chalazion (waxes and wanes). PERSON bid x 1 wk after wc >> presently asymptomatic, recommended continued lid hygiene (not currently doing wc/lid scrubs) 6. pco os>od temporally os, outside visual axis, not visually signficant -monitor", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on continued latanoprost for glaucoma. Finds OCT tedious. Stable choroidal nevus in right eye. History of rosacea blepharitis, keratitis and chalazion. Residual chalazion present. PCO not significant, will monitor.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07728", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07728.jpg", "filename": "data_07728.npz", "report": "Patient needs vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) checks without dilation. Can come in at specified dates/times. Glaucoma check by a fellow if times don't suit.", "age": 50.91, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "if he can come in now i can see him before eliott clinic. he needs to be here by DATE_TIME for a technician to get him started. otherwise he will need to come at DATE_TIME and be seen at DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME. he should have vision and iop checked but no dilation by the technician. if these times do not work for him, he can try and see if one of the glaucoma fellows has better availability DATE_TIME (he is scheduled to see person on DATE_TIME and was seen by a glaucoma fellow in the location). thanks, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient needs vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) checks without dilation. Can come in at specified dates/times. Glaucoma check by a fellow if times don't suit.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07729", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07729.jpg", "filename": "data_07729.npz", "report": "59 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient gateway account activated and ready for use.", "age": 59.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 59 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "59 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. Patient gateway account activated and ready for use.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07730", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07730.jpg", "filename": "data_07730.npz", "report": "Patient has normal conjunctiva/sclera, cornea, iris, vitreous, macula, and vessels. Disc drusen present but no hemorrhage. Right eye contact lens use. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 47.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "conjunctiva/sclera normal st tube cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal nasal pi lens tr ns pciol vitreous normal normal; pars plana tube (not visible undilated) fundus exam right left disc disc drusen, no hemorrhage disc drusen, no hemorrhage macula normal normal vessels normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right +8.50 -1.00 065 left DATE_TIME sphere type: glasses wearing rx #2 sphere cylinder axis right +8.00 sphere left type: contact lens for right eye only", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has normal conjunctiva/sclera, cornea, iris, vitreous, macula, and vessels. Disc drusen present but no hemorrhage. Right eye contact lens use. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07731", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07731.jpg", "filename": "data_07731.npz", "report": "The patient is scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye, suggesting the possibility of glaucoma.", "age": 64.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, she is planning to do laser in your the right eye. her secretary's name is PERSON, and she will call you to schedule your procedure. if you don't hear from her in DATE_TIME, please call her at PHONE_NUMBER. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is scheduled for a laser procedure in the right eye, suggesting the possibility of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07732", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07732.jpg", "filename": "data_07732.npz", "report": "The patient was referred for eye irritation and pressure in both eyes, with symptoms starting in the left. There is mild redness/swelling, and a bump under the left lower eyelid. No vision changes, discharge, trauma or contact lens wear noted. Also suffers from chronic floaters, dry eye disease and blepharitis. Has a history of optic neuritis in the right eye but no current inflammation. Patient is myopic and was given new eyeglass prescription. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 32.15, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME f hx ms, prev reactive arthritis new patient, referred by pcp for evaluation of eye irritation for evaluation of irritation in both eyes. pressure sensation and irritation started in the left eye DATE_TIME and now involves both eyes. mild redness/swelling noted as well. had also noted a bump on the underside of the l lower eyelid that has not changed recently. no changes in vision or discharge. no contact lens wear, trauma. also has chronic floaters in both eyes. has been using refresh drops without improvement. # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. symptomatic. - continue preservative-free artificial tears ou qid prn. - start artificial tear ointment ou qhs. - discussed controlling environmental factors, including avoiding/blocking air movement around the face. - discussed taking frequent breaks while reading, using the computer or phone, or watching tv. - treat NRP gland dysfunction as below. - discussed with patient additional treatments are possible if symptoms not adequately controlled. - handout given to patient. # blepharitis, both eyes, mild. primarily posterior (NRP gland dysfunction). symptomatic. - start warm compresses with eyelid massage bid. - start eyelid margin cleaning bid. - handout given to patient. # hx of optic neuritis, right eye (DATE_TIME) - baseline visual field and oct testing is normal. - no active inflammation or atrophy of the optic nerves seen DATE_TIME. # refractive error (myopia), would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was referred for eye irritation and pressure in both eyes, with symptoms starting in the left. There is mild redness/swelling, and a bump under the left lower eyelid. No vision changes, discharge, trauma or contact lens wear noted. Also suffers from chronic floaters, dry eye disease and blepharitis. Has a history of optic neuritis in the right eye but no current inflammation. Patient is myopic and was given new eyeglass prescription. There's no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07733", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07733.jpg", "filename": "data_07733.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions prescription of Timolol for both eyes and references to alternative medicines. The patient is advised to call a glaucoma physician in case of emergencies.", "age": 61.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency timolol1 (yellow) both eyes 1x/morning PERSON (purple) the left eye 2x/day 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: timolol timoptic, timoptic xe = timolol gel-forming solution (gfs), betoptic s, LOCATION, LOCATION, ocudose (preservative-free). 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions prescription of Timolol for both eyes and references to alternative medicines. The patient is advised to call a glaucoma physician in case of emergencies.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07734", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07734.jpg", "filename": "data_07734.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to myopia and race with increased cup-to-disk ratio. Thin retinal nerve fiber layer, glaucomatous notch in right eye, showed compliance with latanoprost. Has hypertensive retinopathy, history of smoking, and sees floaters; warned about retinal detachment symptoms. Also, mild cataracts, an inferior peripheral scar in left eye. Patient diagnosed with pre-diabetes due to slightly elevated HbA1c.", "age": 54.44, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "glaucoma suspect ou due to myopia, race, significantly increased c/d iop wnl ou tcorr +1 ou oct rnfl thin ou. gcl notch found od, thin superior/inferior ou +fhx (mgf) hvf 24-2 watch superior temporal od, watch inferior temporal os pt has been compliant w/ latanoprost qhs since prescribed DATE_TIME. hypertensive retinopathy ou pt reports h/o smoking i explained the risks smoking has on ocular health, pt understands PERSON ou warned pt of PERSON pt notices floaters ou for DATE_TIME, saw flashes once rtc if new floaters or flashes emerge myopia w/ astigmatism and presbyopia ou warned of rd sx new rx given (optional) pt would like distance glasses mild cataract ou observe, not visually significant inferior peripheral scar os see PERSON pre-diabetes no bdr a1c slightly high, pt is aware she needs to control blood sugar hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.1 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. f/u in DATE_TIME for hvf 24-2, oct.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to myopia and race with increased cup-to-disk ratio. Thin retinal nerve fiber layer, glaucomatous notch in right eye, showed compliance with latanoprost. Has hypertensive retinopathy, history of smoking, and sees floaters; warned about retinal detachment symptoms. Also, mild cataracts, an inferior peripheral scar in left eye. Patient diagnosed with pre-diabetes due to slightly elevated HbA1c.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07735", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07735.jpg", "filename": "data_07735.npz", "report": "The patient's symptoms, coupled with unrevealing neuroimaging and a normal exam, don't suggest a progressive neurological disorder. The patient's daughter believes recent family stress could be related to some symptoms. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "contemporaneous with her hyperopic shift also reduces suspicion for an underlying orbital mass as the cause of her refractive changes. ultimately, the interval resolution of her symptoms, unrevealing neuroimaging, and essentially normal examination DATE_TIME (save for mild, asymptomatic convergence insufficiency on sensorimotor examination and refractive diplopia on amsler grid) provide reassurance against a progressive underlying neurological disorder. ms. PERSON's daughter did raise the question of a contribution from recent family stressors, which could plausibly be connected with some of ms. PERSON's symptoms (via a functional neurological disorder manifested by subtle sensory and motor symptoms, perhaps with convergence spasm underlying her hyperopic shift), although establishing such a connection would be difficult in retrospect; nevertheless, an initial evaluation for an intercurrent mood disorder would not be unreasonable given the potential for therapeutic intervention. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up as needed, although she understood to contact me with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's symptoms, coupled with unrevealing neuroimaging and a normal exam, don't suggest a progressive neurological disorder. The patient's daughter believes recent family stress could be related to some symptoms. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07736", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07736.jpg", "filename": "data_07736.npz", "report": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness 482/484. Optic nerve findings borderline on right eye, concerning on left. Both eyes' superior visual fields stable.", "age": 68.63, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis:glaucoma suspect target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 482 / 484 gonioscopy: ciliary body band refractive error: od -3.50, -3.00. -0.50, -0.50. 150, 150 / os -1.25, DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME. 030, 015 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: saucerized, borderline, nerve fiber layer normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: saucerized, more concerning, nerve fiber layer normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: superior stable since DATE_TIME visual fields on initial visit left eye: superior stable since DATE_TIME medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: injections in the hip trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: hip depression plan: stable, suspect.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient first seen by Dr. PERSON, diagnosed as glaucoma suspect. Central corneal thickness 482/484. Optic nerve findings borderline on right eye, concerning on left. Both eyes' superior visual fields stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07737", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07737.jpg", "filename": "data_07737.npz", "report": "The patient is using medication for erectile dysfunction and taking terbinafine hcl. He underwent a Humphrey visual field and optic disc tests for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 64.77, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "mg by mouth DATE_TIME as needed for erectile dysfunction. terbinafine hcl (lamisil) 250 mg tablet take 250 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. reported on DATE_TIME your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME thoracic outlet syndrome results", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using medication for erectile dysfunction and taking terbinafine hcl. He underwent a Humphrey visual field and optic disc tests for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07738", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07738.jpg", "filename": "data_07738.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and is on a medication regime that includes netarsudil for both eyes at night and extra dosage for the right eye. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan.", "age": 74.76, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medication route frequency LOCATION (teal) both eyes 1x/night netarsudil (white)4 the right eye 1x/night \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and is on a medication regime that includes netarsudil for both eyes at night and extra dosage for the right eye. Alternatives include latanoprost, xalatan.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07739", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07739.jpg", "filename": "data_07739.npz", "report": "The note mentions peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms). No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up advised.", "age": 12.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms) vs PERSON recommendations. 1. return for follow-up in DATE_TIME. PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of neal patel, md, ophthalmology resident .) ----- i spent DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (pohms). No explicit mention of glaucoma. Follow-up advised.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07740", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07740.jpg", "filename": "data_07740.npz", "report": "61-year-old patient with history of traumatic iritis, now resolved. Suspected of having glaucoma, with a family history of the condition. Recent tests showed thin optic nerve and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20, possibly higher. No current observed glaucoma damage. Has ptosis, cataracts and dry eyes. Scheduled for a follow-up.", "age": 61.16, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "61 yo; seen by me last DATE_TIME \u00ff hx traumatic iritis with ocular pain - seen previously by dr. PERSON; resolved \u00ff glaucoma suspect +fmhx in mother 6.2021 oct onh thin inferior ou. 8.2021 hvf with nasal defects ou, not matching oct or appearance of nerve iop 20 ou today (22 ou last visit) with thin cct (487, 506); iop likely higher than measured disc photos 6.2021: hazy view; ou discs appear sharp without heme, c/d 0.2 ou observe closely for now given appearance of nerves; repeat iop and disc photos, hvf in DATE_TIME \u00ff ptosis r>l pt noted after trauma old ma id doesn't show this from DATE_TIME \u00ff cataracts bcva 20/20 od, 20/25- os, bat 20/30+ significant cortical changes that are likely visually significant observation recommended, pt agrees. \u00ff dry eyes-- symptoms improved per patient has tried atsin the past without improvement; also restasis with no improvement DATE_TIME (doesn't remember dates) had probing and stenting dr. PERSON DATE_TIME currently not using anything-- says doing ok \u00ff\u00ff patient to followup with urgent changes as needed next visit: iop check and disc photos, hvf in DATE_TIME _____________________ \u00ff PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "61-year-old patient with history of traumatic iritis, now resolved. Suspected of having glaucoma, with a family history of the condition. Recent tests showed thin optic nerve and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20, possibly higher. No current observed glaucoma damage. Has ptosis, cataracts and dry eyes. Scheduled for a follow-up.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07741", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07741.jpg", "filename": "data_07741.npz", "report": "83 y.o. male with history of pre-dmii, hld, afib, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presented for an eye exam. Patient has significant cataracts causing image doubling but prefers to wait. Suffers from declining vision, unresponsive to updated mrx. Suspected glaucoma, but no glaucoma medications, open angle glaucoma seen. No disturbances in peripheral vision, slight thinning in the OS. Dry eye noted. Plans to repeat testing in 6 mo.", "age": 84.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "lens 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis 1-2+ nuclear sclerosis vitreous posterior vitreous detachment, weiss ring posterior vitreous detachment, no weiss ring fundus exam right left disc tortuous blood vessels on nerve normal c/d ratio 0.6 0.7 refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis right +3.00 -1.50 086 left LOCATION -2.50 086 manifest refraction (auto) sphere cylinder axis right +2.50 -1.75 090 left +3.25 -3.25 081 no improvement w/ any lens. no improvement w/ at ou corneal surface? cataracts? assessment and plan: 83 y.o. male with pmhx pre-dmii, hld, afib, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy new pt to me on DATE_TIME. prior pt of PERSON presents for eye exam # cataract ou - visually significant, causing 'doubling' of images, but patient prefers to wait on PERSON. not bothered 'too much' >> monitor for now # glaucoma suspect ou - glaucoma meds: none - fhx: ?grandmother, father - glauc drug allergies: none - iop 16/14 - tmax (DATE_TIME) 17/18 - gonio (DATE_TIME): open to ptm ou 360 - pachy (DATE_TIME): 598/611 - hx eye surg or lasers: none hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, od full; os full - improved hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable, od full; os nonspecific focal defects oct DATE_TIME: PERSON, os superotemp thinning >> thinning os, though no hvf changes. hvf stable over time. will repeat testing in 6 mo # pvd ou - dfe wnl >> rd precautions reviewed # dry eye >> at prn # refractive error - vision declining and updated mrx not helping symptoms DATE_TIME >> mrx provided rtc 2-4 wks for mrx, dilation, bat, oct rnfl, PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "83 y.o. male with history of pre-dmii, hld, afib, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presented for an eye exam. Patient has significant cataracts causing image doubling but prefers to wait. Suffers from declining vision, unresponsive to updated mrx. Suspected glaucoma, but no glaucoma medications, open angle glaucoma seen. No disturbances in peripheral vision, slight thinning in the OS. Dry eye noted. Plans to repeat testing in 6 mo.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07742", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07742.jpg", "filename": "data_07742.npz", "report": "Patient is using OTC +1.50 glasses for near but may need stronger pair. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cup/disc ratio but normal pressures and no family history. Also experiences ocular migraines and has resolved blepharitis.", "age": 49.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1) refractive: using otc for near +1.50 but may not be strong enough -no need for distance rx; rec +1.50 or higher otc for near 2) glaucoma suspect (increased cup/disc) ou: normal pressures and no family history. visual fields are reassuring, PERSON. -continue to monitor with testing DATE_TIME - no meds now, could stop testing after DATE_TIME dfe: 4/21 vf: 4/21 DATE_TIME gonio: 11/17 tmax: 11, 11 cct: 550, 543 fhx: probably not 3) ocular migraines: only happen about 1-2x/year x DATE_TIME) blepharitis: mostly resolved - warm compresses, artificial tears", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is using OTC +1.50 glasses for near but may need stronger pair. Glaucoma is suspected due to increased cup/disc ratio but normal pressures and no family history. Also experiences ocular migraines and has resolved blepharitis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07743", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07743.jpg", "filename": "data_07743.npz", "report": "The patient has normal tension glaucoma in both eyes and had cataract extraction in both eyes. There's dense visual field loss in right eye and superior arcuate left eye. Intraocular pressure is excellent, but poor view left eye might indicate retinal detachment.", "age": 86.1, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems normal tension glaucoma of both eyes overview first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME target iop: / , tmax: central corneal thickness: 535 / 546 gonioscopy: open refractive error: od +1.75 . -2.25 . 100 / os +1.50 . LOCATION . 084 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: left eye: medications being used at first visit: medication intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye: left eye: other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction left eye: cataract extraction other eye problems right eye: left eye: family history: steroids: trauma: asthma: other medical history and problems: initial note: followed by PERSON, low pressure glaucoma had cataract extraction both eyes, was previously followed by rao DATE_TIME, dense visual field loss right eye and superior arcuate left eye with central corneal thickness 535/545, intraocular pressure 9 on latanoprost. current assessment & plan intraocular pressure excellent, poor view left eye and ? retinal detachment with vitreous debris, refer to retina. continue present management with latanoprost other visit diagnoses primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, severe stage - primary relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) vitreous hemorrhage of left eye return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has normal tension glaucoma in both eyes and had cataract extraction in both eyes. There's dense visual field loss in right eye and superior arcuate left eye. Intraocular pressure is excellent, but poor view left eye might indicate retinal detachment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07744", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07744.jpg", "filename": "data_07744.npz", "report": "Patient shows mild optic atrophy on OCT, suggesting idiopathic intracacranial hypertension (IIH). Medications (retinoids and tetracyclines) worsened IIH. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 24.77, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "point. there is mild sectoral optic atrophy on oct, which has at most minimally progressed. my overall impression is: idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih), with the atypical features of his male sex. this was transiently worsened by medications known to have a potential adverse effect on iih, retinoids and tetracyclines. my plan is: - continue diamox sequels 500 mg DATE_TIME for now - encouraged weight loss efforts - both vitamin a derivatives and doxycycline should be avoided in iih i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient shows mild optic atrophy on OCT, suggesting idiopathic intracacranial hypertension (IIH). Medications (retinoids and tetracyclines) worsened IIH. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07745", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07745.jpg", "filename": "data_07745.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate stage open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the right eye (OD) and mild in the left eye (OS). Glaucoma is more severe in OD, with an ideal intraocular pressure (IOP) goal of low teens. Current IOP is well managed on Cosopt. Patient also has rosacea blepharitis, dry eye, and cataract OS, which requires surgery.", "age": 78.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# Mod stage OAG OD, mild OS due to cupping OD>OS and disc heme seen OS on presentation here: -neg FHx, gonio open both eyes - No effect w/ latanoprost -Brimonidine caused blurry vision during the day - can tolerate only at night with some IOP lowering but not sufficient. -pachy 585/581 - Tmax 21/20 -disc photos 1/2017 -HVF OD: superior arcuate and inferior nasal step, OS full -OCT OD S/I RNFL thinning; OS normal retinal nerve fiber layer, stable - given severity of glaucoma OD, IOP goal of low teens OD would be ideal (high teens OS) - IOP great on cosopt bid both eyes, pt repots good compliance -cpm \u00ff\u00ff # Rosacea blepharitis / dry eye - per DOCTOR \u00ff \u00ff\u00ff # Cataract OS - having surgery with DOCTOR RTC 5-6 months intraocular pressure check and dFE", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate stage open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the right eye (OD) and mild in the left eye (OS). Glaucoma is more severe in OD, with an ideal intraocular pressure (IOP) goal of low teens. Current IOP is well managed on Cosopt. Patient also has rosacea blepharitis, dry eye, and cataract OS, which requires surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07746", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07746.jpg", "filename": "data_07746.npz", "report": "The patient has an intraocular lens in the right eye and a cataract in the left. Suspected glaucoma due to optical disc cupping in both eyes, but has normal HVF and OCT tests.", "age": 79.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: pciol od cataract os; not esp symptomatic cupping ou; susp for glaucoma, but normal hvf and oct of rnfl again now mgd/dry ou refr error plan: rx=m warm compr/art tears yrly", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has an intraocular lens in the right eye and a cataract in the left. Suspected glaucoma due to optical disc cupping in both eyes, but has normal HVF and OCT tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07747", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07747.jpg", "filename": "data_07747.npz", "report": "Patient has arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy causing vision loss and diplopia. No glaucoma mentioned. Currently on Actemra, she has difficulty getting refills. Noted optic neuropathy and visual loss are stable.", "age": 73.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "? impression: ms. PERSON follows up for biopsy-confirmed arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy os causing an inferior altitudinal field loss os. her vision has remained largely stable though she is bothered by intermittent diplopia and blurring in the vision. we obtained an mri in DATE_TIME which was reassuring. in follow up DATE_TIME she remains on actemra, though she has been unable to get any refills due to unavailabily at her pharmacy. she has one dose left. her exam is unchanged with a left optic neuropathy and inferior altitudinal visual loss. there is an exotropia and smaller right hyperdeviation which is relatively comitant and does not appear to be due to cranial nerve dysfunction from gca. it is likely a sensory exotropia or decompensated strabismus from the visual loss in the left eye. i recommended occluding the left lens of her glasses as needed to prevent diplopia. she will contact dr. unizony for advice regarding the tocilizumab shortage and any ways to manage her treatment if she is unable to obtain additional refills. i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy causing vision loss and diplopia. No glaucoma mentioned. Currently on Actemra, she has difficulty getting refills. Noted optic neuropathy and visual loss are stable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07748", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07748.jpg", "filename": "data_07748.npz", "report": "The note discusses an acute left optic neuropathy case. An MRI of the brain/orbits is suggested for optic nerve/meningeal assessment. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.41, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "features, i think it would be prudent to obtain an mri brain and orbits to evaluate for optic nerve/meningeal enhancement as well as an esr and high-sensitivity crp (this is what has been trended by his rheumatologist at PERSON). if there is enhancement of the nerve, we will plan to treat him with steroids. if there is no enhancement of the nerve, we will treat him as naion (unless the esr/crp are markedly elevated from baseline, at which point we can consider gca). impression: 1. acute left optic neuropathy with sectoral disc edema and hemorrhage 2. history of small vessel vasculitis plan: 1. mri brain and orbits with and without contrast now 2. esr, crp, creatinine 3. further work-up, treatment, and follow-up pending results of #s 1, 2 discussed with neuro-ophthalmology attending PERSON. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The note discusses an acute left optic neuropathy case. An MRI of the brain/orbits is suggested for optic nerve/meningeal assessment. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07749", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07749.jpg", "filename": "data_07749.npz", "report": "The note suggests suspicion of glaucoma as the patient's father had it, coupled with their own history of steroid use and certain eye conditions. Also, a right eyelid lesion is present.", "age": 68.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "rd warnings given. 5. glaucoma suspect -- father had glaucoma (no blindness/surgery), remote steroid use for ?inflammation for short time, no eye trauma -- tilted, moderate cups. iop 19,18 -- oct rnlf -- 85 and DATE_TIME; hvf unreliable 6. right upper eyelid lesion -- i suspect this is most likely a chalazion (as she has had multiple but will ask for oculoplastics evaluation -- ?bcca) rtc DATE_TIME, oct rnfl, hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The note suggests suspicion of glaucoma as the patient's father had it, coupled with their own history of steroid use and certain eye conditions. Also, a right eyelid lesion is present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07750", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07750.jpg", "filename": "data_07750.npz", "report": "The patient, previously diagnosed with glaucoma, has been attending follow-ups with Dr. PERSON. Goals are set for intraocular pressures in both eyes, and they are stable on medication (latanoprost and brimonidine). Yag Capsulotomy performed due to opacification in the right eye.", "age": 81.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "on DATE_TIME without complications. 7. social/systemic issues: prior patient of dr. PERSON's; diagnosed in DATE_TIME by dr. PERSON in LOCATION; power of attorney (daughter - zara cooper, PERSON). patient is originally from LOCATION, LOCATION. we share similar political views regarding brexit and the LOCATION situation. attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to 11 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on latanoprost qhs ou and brimonidine bid ou. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -continue brimonidine bid ou. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions) previously. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given worsening of the opacification in the posterior chamber lens of the right eye, we proceeded with yag capsulotomy od. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. consider placing punctal plugs ou (0.6mm od and 0.5mm os) in future if dry eye symptoms persist. if hvf truly worsened os, consider neuro-op referral, especially if iop well controlled. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, previously diagnosed with glaucoma, has been attending follow-ups with Dr. PERSON. Goals are set for intraocular pressures in both eyes, and they are stable on medication (latanoprost and brimonidine). Yag Capsulotomy performed due to opacification in the right eye.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07751", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07751.jpg", "filename": "data_07751.npz", "report": "The note suggests a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye. No signs of active inflammation, treatment started with Cosopt. Baseline glaucoma testing is needed.", "age": 59.84, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "scattered iris processes nasal os 3/ss/1+pigment \u00ff2. secondary angle closure glaucoma suspect, os: - almost 360 deg pas os; no synechiae; no signs of active inflammation - started cosopt bid os on DATE_TIME (given in ed); but not currently taking - needs baseline glaucoma testing: PERSON, hvf 24-2, undilated gonio, pachymetry -- iop reasonable DATE_TIME, continue cosopt bid ou rtc 4-6 weeks", "gpt4_summary": "The note suggests a suspicion of secondary angle closure glaucoma in the left eye. No signs of active inflammation, treatment started with Cosopt. Baseline glaucoma testing is needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07752", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07752.jpg", "filename": "data_07752.npz", "report": "61 y.o. male patient has potential glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d. Pingueculitis improved with prednisolone drops. Mild non-visually significant cataract present.", "age": 61.96, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "61 y.o. male presents for ed follow-up for pingueculitis od seen DATE_TIME. also possible glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d ou 1. hx of PERSON bilaterally ou - symptoms of pingueculitis improved with prednislone drops - discussed uv light protection, artificial tears - discussed acute treatment if inflamed - could consider surgery if chronically inflamed/affecting vision, but discussed risk of recurrence - observe 2. glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc and cct - iop - 15/15 - tmax - unknown - cct - 492/498 - c/d - 0.6/ 0.6 - family history - negative - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - full fields ou - last oct rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - increased thickness 109/106, no rnfl defects - fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy - low risk of glaucoma - return in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2 and DATE_TIME. cataract, not visually significant - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20, 20/20 - observation at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery 4. choroidal PERSON PERSON in macula, one in inferior periphery with possible elevation of inferior nevus - fundus photo and PERSON obtained ou to document nevus - discussed small chance of progression to melanoma - last seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, b scan with no elevation - follow up with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME as scheduled rtc in DATE_TIME or sooner prn - with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl, gonio before dilation PERSON, pgy-4", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. male patient has potential glaucoma suspect due to increased c/d. Pingueculitis improved with prednisolone drops. Mild non-visually significant cataract present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07753", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07753.jpg", "filename": "data_07753.npz", "report": "64 y.o. woman presented for pvd follow up. Patient has ocular hypertension, pigment dispersion syndrome suspected with 22 iop (tmax 26/25). No evidence of nerve cupping. Lattice degeneration os. Glaucoma not observed.", "age": 64.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "64 y.o. woman with an unremarkable pmhx, new patient to me DATE_TIME presenting for pvd follow up. pvd os - seen in ed DATE_TIME with flashes, diagnosed with pvd - no tears on exam > rd precautions ocular hypertension, pigment dispersion syndrome suspect - iop 22 - tmax 26/25 - son with elevated eye pressure - endopigment 3+pigmented tm on gonio, angles otherwise open - no evidence of nerve cupping - cct 552/564 - hvf DATE_TIME full - oct DATE_TIME wnl ou > observe for now, recheck iop in DATE_TIME lattice degeneration os - no tears on exam > rd precautions dry eye ou mgd ou > ats prn return DATE_TIME iop check", "gpt4_summary": "64 y.o. woman presented for pvd follow up. Patient has ocular hypertension, pigment dispersion syndrome suspected with 22 iop (tmax 26/25). No evidence of nerve cupping. Lattice degeneration os. Glaucoma not observed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07754", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07754.jpg", "filename": "data_07754.npz", "report": "The patient shows eye cupping with very low pressure, raising glaucoma suspicions. However, optical coherence tomography of the retina nerve fiber layer is normal. Yearly prescription glasses, OCT, and HVF tests are planned.", "age": 85.66, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "Imp: pciol ou Cupping ou with very low pressures (unchanged); doubt glaucomatous; nl oct of rnfl; hvf unreliable today refr error Plan: rx=m glasses offered yrly w. Oct and hvf", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows eye cupping with very low pressure, raising glaucoma suspicions. However, optical coherence tomography of the retina nerve fiber layer is normal. Yearly prescription glasses, OCT, and HVF tests are planned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07755", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07755.jpg", "filename": "data_07755.npz", "report": "Patient had pseudotumor but is improving. Low intraocular pressure noted, no evidence of glaucoma detected. Requires visual field test.", "age": 35.79, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "she had pseudotumor, seems better, low intraocular pressure, no evidence of glaucoma and is going to see you for comprehensive. i think she can just have a visual field DATE_TIME so i will discharge her to your care. thanks, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had pseudotumor but is improving. Low intraocular pressure noted, no evidence of glaucoma detected. Requires visual field test.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07756", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07756.jpg", "filename": "data_07756.npz", "report": "68-year-old female patient has glaucoma suspicion due to cup/disc asymmetry (right > left eye). Also has cataract in both eyes, pingueculitis in the right eye treated with steroids, and blepharitis primary in the posterior and choroidal nevus in the right eye. Monitor required.", "age": 68.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "68 f last visit here with me in DATE_TIME in f/u for blepharitis and pingueculitis in the right eye. # glaucoma suspect with cup/disc asymmetry (right > left eye) [ fhx: no [ cct: 590,579 [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou [ oct DATE_TIME: inferior thinning od, stable. wnl os (slightly worse than DATE_TIME but stable from prior) - visual field test not done DATE_TIME; will schedule for another time (tech only). - no intervention required at this time; continue to monitor. # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. \u00ff # pingueculitis, right eye, treated with topical steroids # blepharitis, both eyes. primarily posterior (NRP gland dysfunction). - continue warm compresses with eyelid massage bid. - continue eyelid margin cleaning bid. \u00ff # choroidal nevus, right eye - f/u with PERSON, next appt DATE_TIME \u00ff # refractive error, would like to update glasses. contact lens wearer, doing well with monovision (currently not wearing due to LOCATION). - rx given for new glasses. \u00ff rtc for visual field test next available; will call with result rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn addendum DATE_TIME: hvf DATE_TIME full ou may return in DATE_TIME. spoke to pt on the phone re result.", "gpt4_summary": "68-year-old female patient has glaucoma suspicion due to cup/disc asymmetry (right > left eye). Also has cataract in both eyes, pingueculitis in the right eye treated with steroids, and blepharitis primary in the posterior and choroidal nevus in the right eye. Monitor required.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07757", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07757.jpg", "filename": "data_07757.npz", "report": "58-year-old male has Parkinson's, cataract, and is a glaucoma suspect with abnormal but unreliable visual fields, possible due to Parkinson's. No immediate intervention needed.", "age": 58.32, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 m hx parkinson's referred by PERSON for cataract and glaucoma evaluation # cataract, both eyes. not yet visually significant to warrant surgery in both eyes. - discussed elective cataract surgery in the future though not indicated at this time. - continue to monitor. # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: none [ cct: 489/497 [ DATE_TIME [ hvf DATE_TIME: high fl/fn with generalized depression ou; possible nasal defect od; possible superior defect os (likely lid artifact) - visual fields abnormal but unreliable; oct and optic nerve rims reassuring; intraocular pressure reassuring even with thin corneas. reliability of visual fields could be limited by parkinson's. - recommend no intervention at this time but with follow-up testing in DATE_TIME. # hx of subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage, right eye, s/p vitrectomy for nonclearing heme (ppv DATE_TIME PERSON). uncertain cause but felt likely due to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. - f/u with PERSON, next visit DATE_TIME # chronic exotropia with horizontal binocular diplopia. wears prism glasses with resolution of diplopia. - f/u with PERSON at nemc # dermatochalasis, both upper eyelids, not functionally bothering the patient at this time. - monitor. return in DATE_TIME, sooner as needed", "gpt4_summary": "58-year-old male has Parkinson's, cataract, and is a glaucoma suspect with abnormal but unreliable visual fields, possible due to Parkinson's. No immediate intervention needed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07758", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07758.jpg", "filename": "data_07758.npz", "report": "58 y.o. female has a history of thyroid disorder, hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism. She underwent glaucoma assessment showing stable vision and low risk for glaucoma. She also has mild, non-visually significant cataracts and dermatochalasis.", "age": 58.62, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 y.o. female presents for an annual comprehensive eye exam. last saw PERSONE ohx: pmhx: has a past medical history of disorder of thyroid and hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes, hypothyroidism hpi DATE_TIME: 57 y.o. female pt arrived for continued eye care: glaucoma assessment w/ dfe, hvf, iop, and oct. pt reports stable vision w/o issue since last exam. pt denies: pain, headache, changes in LOCATION, diplopia, scotoma, PERSON, and floaters. ocular hx: anatomic narrow angle lpi ou ocular medications: none assessment/plan: \u00ff # narrow angle ou # s/PERSON, patent ou - tc DATE_TIME : PERSON DATE_TIME : full ou, reliable - gonio DATE_TIME: open 360 ou - mother with glaucoma >> doing well, lpis patent. low risk for glaucoma, recheck DATE_TIME \u00ff # insulin resistance, no e/o dr - fbg: unknown - meds: recently discussed starting trulicity - today, no e/o dr >> maintain good glucose, bp, cholesterol control \u00ff # cataract, not visually significant # high hyperopia - mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. - bcva 20/20, 20/20 - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. # dermatochalasis - mild dermatochalasis ou, not symptomatic at this time - observe, consider eye plastics service evaluation in future if symptomatic rtc DATE_TIME with oct rnfl, refract/dilate ou, please get ar and put in to epic under refraction (auto) with ks as well PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "58 y.o. female has a history of thyroid disorder, hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism. She underwent glaucoma assessment showing stable vision and low risk for glaucoma. She also has mild, non-visually significant cataracts and dermatochalasis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07759", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07759.jpg", "filename": "data_07759.npz", "report": "61-year-old male suspected of glaucoma has undergone tests. No family history of glaucoma. Both eyes normal in OCT. Mean deviation calculated, non-specific defects detected in both eyes.", "age": 61.83, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 y.o.. male presents for glaucoma tests \u00ff \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect PERSON on DATE_TIME 20/18 on DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME 0.5/0.4 no family history oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye +0.43 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye PERSON right eye reliability/fixation was good mean deviation was calculated to be: PERSON. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: +0.43. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects order pct and hvf, rtc in DATE_TIME \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "61-year-old male suspected of glaucoma has undergone tests. No family history of glaucoma. Both eyes normal in OCT. Mean deviation calculated, non-specific defects detected in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07760", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07760.jpg", "filename": "data_07760.npz", "report": "Patient has NAION in left eye. Also diagnosed with OSA, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Measures suggested for risk reduction. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.53, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "and prognosis of naion with the patient and explained that there is a 15-20% chance of occurrence in the fellow eye. i reinforced the importance of controlling the vascular risk factors, avoid hypotensive medication at DATE_TIME, avoid alpha phosphodiesterase inhibitors and emphasized the importance of monocular protection with polycarbonate lenses. i suggested her to continue her routine follow up with ophthalmology and i will see her again in DATE_TIME. ? impression: 1. naion, os 2. osa -recent diagnosis; now treated. 3. htn and hyperlipidemia. ? recommendations: 1. control vascular risk factors 2. continue cpap 3. monocular protection (polycarbonate lenses) 4. continue routine ophthalmology visits 5. return to neuro-ophthalmology in DATE_TIME, before if neede. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has NAION in left eye. Also diagnosed with OSA, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Measures suggested for risk reduction. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07761", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07761.jpg", "filename": "data_07761.npz", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at target due to improved drop compliance. The patient is on latanoprost and timolol for glaucoma treatment. There's no mention of current glaucoma surveillance.", "age": 45.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "better drop compliance; intraocular pressure is better and at target. testing DATE_TIME is stable. *has not seen dr. PERSON for surveillance of kcn and hx of ferrara rings - sent message to schedule but patient will try again in person with interpreter. continue latanoprost 1x/day at DATE_TIME both eyes continue timolol 1x/day in the morning both eyes last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME humphrey visual field both eyes and dilated fundus exam ou", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's intraocular pressure is at target due to improved drop compliance. The patient is on latanoprost and timolol for glaucoma treatment. There's no mention of current glaucoma surveillance.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07762", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07762.jpg", "filename": "data_07762.npz", "report": "The patient needs distance lens, stopped aspirin/warfarin before, will consider stopping it again. No prior PRK/Lasik, trauma, Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, or trypan. Pupil diameter is 6-7 mm. Combined with MIGS. Might need referral to oculoplastics for ectropion. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 79.12, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "explained that there can be no guarantee of complete spectacle freedom. target: distance lens type: monofocal prior prk/lasik: no trauma: no flomax: no guttae: no pxf: no dm: no trypan: no pupil diameter 6-7 mm iris hooks/malyugan ring: no nuclear disassembly method: stop and chop anesthesia: PERSON aspirin/warfarin: eliquis for a fib. patient has stopped it before and will ask pcp for permission to stop before surgery combined with migs: yes, hydrus per PERSON, would favor cataract extraction prior to epiretinal membrane peel will consider referral to oculoplastics after for inferior ectropion after cataract extraction *acular post-op ; subconj decadron", "gpt4_summary": "The patient needs distance lens, stopped aspirin/warfarin before, will consider stopping it again. No prior PRK/Lasik, trauma, Flomax, guttae, PXF, DM, or trypan. Pupil diameter is 6-7 mm. Combined with MIGS. Might need referral to oculoplastics for ectropion. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07763", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07763.jpg", "filename": "data_07763.npz", "report": "Patient PERSON A Milas is a low-risk open angle glaucoma suspect in both eyes. No family history, steroids, trauma. No definite thinning in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma medication or procedures.", "age": 54.12, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON a milas is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient self-referred, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME #open angle glaucoma suspect both eyes, low risk ou risk factors: (-)family history, (-)steroids, (-)trauma central corneal thickness: 530 / 525 (DATE_TIME)gonioscopy: open ou tmax: 18 ( ) / 20 ( ) target iop: na / na ch: 11.4 / 11.3 refractive error: od -1.25. -1.75. 170 / os -1.50. sphere. glaucoma procedures/lasers: none other eye procedures/lasers: none glc medication: none *(-)intolerances testing: baseline DATE_TIME (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: no definite thinning (shifted peak) (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: full both eyes #pt had single episode of flashes in DATE_TIME, no symptoms currently dfe DATE_TIME normal and attached ou plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 13.4 12.5 target and PERSON pressure right left target na na PERSON 18 20 , acceptable od, acceptable PERSON is here for optical coherence tomography and humphrey visual field both eyes - both are stable last dilated exam: DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with NRP, humphrey visual field 24-2c faster both eyes , octrnfl both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSON, md for patient PERSON a milas on DATE_TIME. PERSON r LOCATION, PERSON was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient PERSON A Milas is a low-risk open angle glaucoma suspect in both eyes. No family history, steroids, trauma. No definite thinning in OCT RNFL. No glaucoma medication or procedures.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07764", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07764.jpg", "filename": "data_07764.npz", "report": "The patient has a refractive error, narrow angles, dry eye syndrome, meibomian gland dysfunction, mild cataracts, and is a glaucoma suspect due to cupping. Their conditions are being monitored.", "age": 63.42, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. refractive error ou --rx= m for glasses 2. narrow angles ou, but tm 360 ou on gonioscopy prior visit - monitor 3. des ou - ats and at gel - increasingly symptomatic with pandemic and low tear lake on exam- could consider plugs if ats not sufficient 4. mgd ou - warm compresses 5. LOCATION ou - monitor 6. glaucoma suspect by cupping -hvf DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable (possible early sup arcuate os - will monitor) -oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable -hvf DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable -oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable 7. mild cataract ou i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a refractive error, narrow angles, dry eye syndrome, meibomian gland dysfunction, mild cataracts, and is a glaucoma suspect due to cupping. Their conditions are being monitored.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07765", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07765.jpg", "filename": "data_07765.npz", "report": "Clinical note indicates ophthalmic solution prescription, likely for a vision issue. Visual field test and optic disc photos carried out for both eyes. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.72, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. start: DATE_TIME quantity: 2.5 ml refills: 11 your orders normal orders this visit PERSON visual field - ou - both eyes optic disc photos - ou - both eyes results summary", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note indicates ophthalmic solution prescription, likely for a vision issue. Visual field test and optic disc photos carried out for both eyes. No explicit mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07766", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07766.jpg", "filename": "data_07766.npz", "report": "The patient is on aspirin, cholecalciferol, levothyroxine, multivitamin, niacin, and simvastatin. Conditions include dyslipidemia, shoulder/ankle pain, vertigo, migraine, hypothyroidism, urination issues. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 49.35, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "aspirin 81 mg ec tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME 3:27 am metal med transfer process cholecalciferol (vitamin d3) 2,000 unit tablet take 2,000 units by mouth DATE_TIME. levothyroxine (synthroid, levothroid) 50 mcg tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME multivitamin per tablet take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME 3:27 am metal med transfer process niacin 1,000 mg tber dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: not available; directions: as directed, once DATE_TIME; details: dispense: 90 tablet(s); date: DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME needs PERSON. metal med transfer process. simvastatin (zocor) 10 mg tablet take 1 tablet (10 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus DATE_TIME (approximate) DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME dyslipidemia shoulder pain benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ankle pain migraine hypothyroidism healthcare maintenance increased frequency of urination results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on aspirin, cholecalciferol, levothyroxine, multivitamin, niacin, and simvastatin. Conditions include dyslipidemia, shoulder/ankle pain, vertigo, migraine, hypothyroidism, urination issues. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07767", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07767.jpg", "filename": "data_07767.npz", "report": "The patient has an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 15 mmHg or less in the left eye, which has met the treatment goal for both eyes. They are currently using latanoprost to control their IOP, with an emphasis on medication adherence. There is no direct mention of glaucoma in this note.", "age": 65.31, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "intraocular pressure less than or equal to 15 mmhg, left eye. -iop at goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on latanoprost qhs ou. -continue latanoprost qhs ou. -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with rheumatology for sarcoid care. -mrx given at patient's request on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check ou, hvf os (with coaching, by experienced technician to avoid rim artifact), dilation ou, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if driving at DATE_TIME continues to become harder and bat justifies it, we can consider phaco/ecp/istent od first, then os. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 15 mmHg or less in the left eye, which has met the treatment goal for both eyes. They are currently using latanoprost to control their IOP, with an emphasis on medication adherence. There is no direct mention of glaucoma in this note.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07768", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07768.jpg", "filename": "data_07768.npz", "report": "62-year-old patient with history of various conditions including Hepatitis B and hypothyroidism has poor vision potentially due to optic neuropathy and nuclear sclerotic cataract. Cataract surgery suggested but delayed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 62.89, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "62 y.o. new patient with history of gi bleed, encephalopathy, PERSON hunt syndrome, chronic hepatitis b, hypoxemia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, hypothyroidism, ischemic stroke (on coumadin),\u00ffpost covid condition with chronic respiratory failure (on oxygen), ??seen by consult team in DATE_TIME pohx: poor vision od since DATE_TIME; patient unsure of etiology (possible infection?) dry eye ? nuclear sclerotic cataract ou - visually significant - od with unclear visual potential due to possible optic neuropathy > discussed cataract surgery. patient and daughter wishes to hold off on cataract surgery for now as he has been through a lot. will try glasses in the meantime. understands that improvement in vision will not be dramatic due to cataracts and optic neuropathy. r optic neuropathy - + dyschromatopsia, LOCATION, optic nerve pallor - reports chronic poor vision in the right eye, since DATE_TIME. - unclear etiology > refer to neuro-op for evaluation refractive error > updated glasses prescription given", "gpt4_summary": "62-year-old patient with history of various conditions including Hepatitis B and hypothyroidism has poor vision potentially due to optic neuropathy and nuclear sclerotic cataract. Cataract surgery suggested but delayed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07769", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07769.jpg", "filename": "data_07769.npz", "report": "71 y.o. female patient presents for eye exam, diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in right eye and suspected in left eye. She is currently on timolol, intolerant to bimatoprost. IOP 15/14, thinning OD.", "age": 71.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder right -0.25 sphere left -0.25 sphere type: svl assessment and plan: 71 y.o. female with pmhx htn new pt to me on DATE_TIME, prior pt of PERSON presents for eye exam # poag od, suspect os - glaucoma meds: timolol xe ou - fhx: none - glauc drug allergies: bimatoprost (intolerant) - iop 15/14 - tmax (7/20) 22/21 - gonio (pending) - pachy (PERSON): 563/566 - hx eye surg or lasers: none hvf DATE_TIME: reliable, od superior few paracentral dense defects; os wnl DATE_TIME: od thinning inf worsened, os stable PERSON DATE_TIME: od thinning inf, os borderline sup >> concern for worsening glaucoma od, hvf stable od, oct rnfl with some thinning od. will continue to reassess. >> timolol causing stinging. may switch to latanoprost qhs ou though bimatoprost caused eyelid redness in past. # erm os with PERSON - asymptomatic. - oct mac DATE_TIME: cystic intraretinal fluid and erm >> good va, stable, monitor # dry eye ou >> at prn # refractive error rtc4mo no dilate hvf gonio PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "71 y.o. female patient presents for eye exam, diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in right eye and suspected in left eye. She is currently on timolol, intolerant to bimatoprost. IOP 15/14, thinning OD.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07770", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07770.jpg", "filename": "data_07770.npz", "report": "Patient has nasal step in left eye. Continuation of Cosopt and artificial tears advised for both eyes. Starting Latanoprost (teal) for both eyes. Return to glaucoma clinic indicates glaucoma presence.", "age": 86.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "nasal step left eye. continue cosopt bid both eyes start latanoprost (teal) qhs both eyes continue artifical tears 3-4x/day ou last dilated exam: DATE_TIME last oct rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: repeated DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure check on new drop and humphrey visual field 24-2 both eyes PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has nasal step in left eye. Continuation of Cosopt and artificial tears advised for both eyes. Starting Latanoprost (teal) for both eyes. Return to glaucoma clinic indicates glaucoma presence.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07771", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07771.jpg", "filename": "data_07771.npz", "report": "91 y.o. female has primary open angle glaucoma, using timolol and latanoprost. Previous follicular conjunctivitis due to brimonidine resolved. Brow ptosis also noted, affecting reading.", "age": 91.31, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "91 y.o. NRP speaking female, here for follow-up: \u00ff 1. pseudophakia ou visual axis clear s/p capsulotomy os \u00ff 2. primary open angle glaucoma on timolol and brimonidine before, had follicular conjunctivitis brimonidine was stopped and latanoprost added follicles resolved. \u00ff baseline oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou, DATE_TIME normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific inferior defects slightly progressed compared with prior , reliable ou hvf DATE_TIME: reliable study ou, inferonasal step os slightly progressed compared with prior study; nonspecific inferior defects od hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defects od, better than prior hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable, os inferior defect. hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable with fixation monitoring turned off and nonspecific defects (os inferior defect), no hemipanopia. hvf DATE_TIME: sup defects ou, likely lid artifact hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defects ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou \u00ff rec: - timolol bid ou - latanoprost qhs ou - brinzolamide sample given previously, used it but ran out and was not able to get a refill, and iop good on timolol and latanoprost - f/u DATE_TIME, repeat hvf, oct rnfl \u00ff 3. dry eyes on restasis 4. follicular conjunctivitis ou likely due to brimonidine resolved \u00ff 5. brow ptosis ou, ptosis os, \u00ffdermatochalasis s/p DATE_TIME upper and lower impacting visual function when reading seen by oculoplastics, but has not had surgery yet. \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "91 y.o. female has primary open angle glaucoma, using timolol and latanoprost. Previous follicular conjunctivitis due to brimonidine resolved. Brow ptosis also noted, affecting reading.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07772", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07772.jpg", "filename": "data_07772.npz", "report": "The note mentions artificial tears, cornea care, refractive care, and general eye care. A follow-up appointment is discussed. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "age": 67.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "-preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for cornea care. -follow up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for general eye care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (neal patel PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions artificial tears, cornea care, refractive care, and general eye care. A follow-up appointment is discussed. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07773", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07773.jpg", "filename": "data_07773.npz", "report": "52 yo patient with ulcerative colitis history. Shows healthy eye rims, normal field of vision, and thinned corneal thickness. IOP 12, dry eyes, refractive error, and choroidal nevus observed. No signs of glaucoma.", "age": 52.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "52 yo with hx ulcerative colitis last seen by PERSON. cupping ou healthy rims, normal hvf and oct of rnfl DATE_TIME; cct sl thin (500 ou) hvf DATE_TIME full ou DATE_TIME full ou oct DATE_TIME wnl ou DATE_TIME wnl ou iop 12 ou 2. dry eyes ou 3. refractive error ?- new rx given 4. choroidal nevus od no atypical features > observe", "gpt4_summary": "52 yo patient with ulcerative colitis history. Shows healthy eye rims, normal field of vision, and thinned corneal thickness. IOP 12, dry eyes, refractive error, and choroidal nevus observed. No signs of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07774", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07774.jpg", "filename": "data_07774.npz", "report": "Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma and cataracts. Under medications like Travatan, Dorzolamide, and Brimonidine. Eye procedures conducted include cataract extraction and hydrus procedure. Also suffers from COPD and anxiety.", "age": 76.72, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, nz patient diagnosis: mild primary open angle glaucoma and cataracts target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 21 ( ) / 31 ( ) central corneal thickness: 563.563.563 / 566.566.566 corneal hysteresis: 9.7/9.2* gonioscopy: ciliary body band both eyes refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: thin superior and inferior optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: thin inferior retinal nerve fiber layer visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal, possible superior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: travatan, dorzolamide, brimonidine allergy? glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction DATE_TIME + hydrus other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction + hydrus DATE_TIME other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: none steroids: inhaler trauma: no asthma: copd other medical history and problems: copd anxiety htn initial note: mild primary open angle glaucoma and cataract plan: # primary open angle glaucoma, both eyes - intraocular pressure acceptable both eyes, testing stable - continue travatan once nightly both eyes - return to clinic DATE_TIME for intraocular pressure check, optical coherence tomography both eyes # blepharitis, both eyes - use artificial tears # s/p cataract surgery/hydrus with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - monitor i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma and cataracts. Under medications like Travatan, Dorzolamide, and Brimonidine. Eye procedures conducted include cataract extraction and hydrus procedure. Also suffers from COPD and anxiety.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07775", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07775.jpg", "filename": "data_07775.npz", "report": "The patient has pigment dispersion syndrome, is intolerant to Travatan, and had a failed trabectome. They have chronic macular folds, a cystic bleb, and improved intraocular pressure (IOP). Vision is stable at 20/20. No glaucoma medications needed at this time. They also have an early, minimally significant cataract and lattice degeneration. Choroidal folds are visually significant.", "age": 52.45, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. pigment dispersion syndrome od failed, s/p trabeculectomy DATE_TIME os - st p DATE_TIME s/p conj advancement + scleral reinforcement PERSON PERSON: doing well. has chronic macular folds os since DATE_TIME, also some reverse of cupping, vision stable.. choroidal folds likely permanent. vision prognosis os, discussed, patient voiced understanding. - cystic bleb os, PERSON negative. risks of potential bleb leak discussed, hypotony symptoms and infection symptoms reviewed. - iop os improved , will observe for now os without medications. vision 20/20 os. - DATE_TIME vf wnl ou, stable. oct with stable thinning DATE_TIME - iop goal od mid teens, os below 14. - discussed issue of excersising and possible iop spike after, he states that does not do any vigorous excersises, just walking and weight lifting. advised to go to er if decreased vision, redness, darks spots or flashing lights. plan; - cont PERSON bid - observe os without glaucoma rx, cont npat as needed. 3. early cataract od superior thinning. Also had retinal detachment history in both eyes and controlled dm without retinopathy. No medication intolerance.", "age": 76.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 500 / 511 gonioscopy: od: d40f, 2+ ptm; os: d40f, 1+ ptm retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: inferior > superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior > superior thinning visual fields, right eye: dense superior arcuate visual fields, left eye: dense superior arcuate and inferior paracentral family history: mother steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm2, hld assessment/plan: 76 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, severe, both eyes - s/p ab interno NRP ou (od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME, PERSON) - iop acceptable ou, testing overall stable, slightly denser superior arcuate od vs pre-surgery - continue combigan bid ou, dorzolamide bid os, PERSON in DATE_TIME for iop check # history of retinal detachment, both eyes - s/p repair od (DATE_TIME), cryo/pneumatic os (DATE_TIME) # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - od 1989, os DATE_TIME with iop 50 on pod1 PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has primary open angle glaucoma, severe, in both eyes with inferior > superior thinning. Also had retinal detachment history in both eyes and controlled dm without retinopathy. No medication intolerance.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07781", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07781.jpg", "filename": "data_07781.npz", "report": "Patient has bilateral orbital metastases, posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes, and a retinal hole in right eye. No new choroidal metastases or signs of glaucoma noted. Continual observation recommended.", "age": 64.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "(from 20/60 last visit). no new choroidal metastases in either eye. plan: we had an in-depth discussion regarding options. we can continue close observe on capecitabine vs PERSON vs pdt. i recommend continued close observation as there has been some interval improvement over DATE_TIME. we will follow her very closely. if any growth, increase in fluid, or drop in vision, would recommend moving forward with pdt (officed-based, single treatment). would favor trying pdt over PERSON as the right globe already received 30 gy in DATE_TIME for treatment of orbital mets. i also spoke with her regarding vision rehabilitation services to help her with reading and other tasks in the short term. she expressed that she may want to consider this in the future, but at present has many other appointments. we will offer this again at her next visit and will schedule a consult if she is interested. 2. bilateral orbital metastases diagnosed on mri DATE_TIME s/p palliative orbital PERSON 14 fractions (total dose 30 gy) with dr. PERSON, completed DATE_TIME mri brain DATE_TIME: stable lesions both orbits, but not significantly regressed (see report above) seen by PERSON PERSON DATE_TIME; continued observation recommended following dr. PERSON for diplopia (saw DATE_TIME) - gave mrx prisms 2. posterior vitreous detachment, both eyes no retinal holes, breaks, or tears on 360 examination retinal detachment return symptoms/precautions reviewed 3. retinal hole, right eye good surrounding pigmentary changes no retinal detachment observe; retinal detachment return precautions raparia, PERSON saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md ophthalmic oncology/retina service", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has bilateral orbital metastases, posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes, and a retinal hole in right eye. No new choroidal metastases or signs of glaucoma noted. Continual observation recommended.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07782", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07782.jpg", "filename": "data_07782.npz", "report": "The patient was diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with high IOP, hyperopia, & astigmatism, with higher ocular pressure in the left eye. Noted cataract in both eyes. Prescribed dorzolamide/timolol.", "age": 64.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect with high iop, high hyperopia and high astigmatism; intraocular pressure higher left eye target iop: / , tmax: 24 (DATE_TIME) / 28 (DATE_TIME) central corneal thickness: / corneal hysteresis: 11.4/10.4 gonioscopy DATE_TIME: open ou refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: large nerve. cdr 0.4 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: large nerve. cdr 0.6 visual fields on initial visit right eye: possible inf defect visual fields on initial visit left eye: likely rim artefact medication history and intolerances: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: cataract other eye problems left eye: cataract family history: none steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: anemia dm2 hht initial note: superior arcuate left eye with borderline intraocular pressure, stable testing but nerves look healthy. plan: ora and gat similar; ora > gat optical coherence tomography normal and stable in the right eye and stable with some fluctuation in the left eye humphrey visual fields full DATE_TIME intraocular pressure below target DATE_TIME continue using dorzolamide/timolol 2 times per day both eyes mild cataract - not visually significant to patient at this point. return to clinic DATE_TIME with testing and repeat gonioscopy i personally saw and examined the patient and reviewed the findings and agree with what is documented in the record. i discussed the patient with the resident and agree with their note which accurately reflects my own findings and plan.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was diagnosed as glaucoma suspect with high IOP, hyperopia, & astigmatism, with higher ocular pressure in the left eye. Noted cataract in both eyes. Prescribed dorzolamide/timolol.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07783", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07783.jpg", "filename": "data_07783.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma with physiologic cupping. The OCT RNFL showed a borderline thin diameter. No current indications for therapy. Age-related cataracts are present but not visually significant. Monitoring required.", "age": 61.65, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "low risk glaucoma suspect vs physiologic cupping tc 19/20 cct DATE_TIME, by oct rnfl 0.6 od/os: with temp borderline thin 3/22 prior oct rnfl only od borderline thin, will need to watch closely but alone not indication for therapy hvf 24-2: reliable and full ou neg fhx monitor off drops for now, discussed importance of screening age related cataracts ou -not visually significant -discussed with pt diagnosis and symptoms of cataracts, prognosis and treatment options when visually significant -monitor for now rtc 6 mo for annnual iop (applanation) and DATE_TIME, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have low risk glaucoma with physiologic cupping. The OCT RNFL showed a borderline thin diameter. No current indications for therapy. Age-related cataracts are present but not visually significant. Monitoring required.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07784", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07784.jpg", "filename": "data_07784.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma; risk factors include race and family history. Higher intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD). Examination shows thinning areas in eye. No current glaucoma diagnosis.", "age": 33.19, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "vertigo send to ent resolving glaucoma suspect risks include race, FMHx (maternal grandmother) trauma od, thin DATE_TIME, iop higher in OD IOP is LOCATION, oct rnfl shows thin superior os thin tempral OS. hvf: normal continue to observe as a suspect. trauma od hit in the eye fight f/u DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, acting as a scribe, attest that this documentation has been prepared under the direction and in the presence of PERSON, LOCATION DATE_TIME by signing my name below, i, PERSON, attest that this documentation has been prepared under my direction.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma; risk factors include race and family history. Higher intraocular pressure (IOP) in right eye (OD). Examination shows thinning areas in eye. No current glaucoma diagnosis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07785", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07785.jpg", "filename": "data_07785.npz", "report": "The patient may have ocular hypertension or mild primary open-angle glaucoma with high IOP in both eyes. They were prescribed latanoprost and voted to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty. Also, they have mild cataracts.", "age": 67.6, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 33 / 34 central corneal thickness: 572 / 577 gonioscopy: c30f 3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no definitive glaucomatous thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no definitive glaucomatous thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: htn, hld assessment/plan: 67 y.o. male # ocular hypertension vs mild primary open angle glaucoma, both eyes - iop too high ou, reports about 60-70% adherence with latanoprost - continue latanoprost qhs ou - i discussed the risks/benefits/alternatives to bilateral eye selective laser trabeculoplasty including but not limited to the following: prolonged inflammation, acute eye pressure elevation, and inadequate eye pressure lowering that requires further treatment. after this discussion, the patient elected to proceed. # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient may have ocular hypertension or mild primary open-angle glaucoma with high IOP in both eyes. They were prescribed latanoprost and voted to proceed with selective laser trabeculoplasty. Also, they have mild cataracts.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07786", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07786.jpg", "filename": "data_07786.npz", "report": "Female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, ocular hypertension, suspected glaucoma, high myopia, and dry eyes. Family history of glaucoma. New treatment of Latanoprost started. No restasis for dry eye.", "age": 54.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female with rheumatoid arthritis, off prednisone, here for follow-up for ocular hypertension: \u00ff 1. glaucoma suspect w/ ocular hypertension ou mother and sister are being treated for glaucoma sister has pigment dispersion few tids ou, no k spindle noted moderate to heavy pigmentation in angle od/ moderate in os angle wide open likely early pigment dispersion - iop 28/26\u00ff10/DATE_TIME, new t max - pachy 598/605, thick, true iop lower than measured - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline inferior thinning os - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: PERSON borderline inf thin - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: borderline sup thin/ os: borderline inf thin - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: essentially full os: borderline inf thin - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - hvf DATE_TIME: full ou, not very reliable -\u00ffhvf DATE_TIME: unreliable os, full ou - hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou - hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific inferior defects ou - hvf DATE_TIME: mild non-specific inferior defects ou started on latanoprost qhs DATE_TIME iop good rec: - cont latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check 2. high myopia - wears cls and glasses -new mrx given DATE_TIME \u00ff 3. dry eyes ou - not taking restasis - artificial tears (preservative-free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, ocular hypertension, suspected glaucoma, high myopia, and dry eyes. Family history of glaucoma. New treatment of Latanoprost started. No restasis for dry eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07787", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07787.jpg", "filename": "data_07787.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma and cataracts. They spent 45 minutes with the doctor, more than half of which was for counseling and care coordination.", "age": 63.32, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. i spent 45 mins with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, md). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma and cataracts. They spent 45 minutes with the doctor, more than half of which was for counseling and care coordination.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07788", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07788.jpg", "filename": "data_07788.npz", "report": "72 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. She has received instructions to activate a patient gateway account.", "age": 72.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 72 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your account: ? if you already have a account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team,", "gpt4_summary": "72 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female with no glaucoma diagnosis. She has received instructions to activate a patient gateway account.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07789", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07789.jpg", "filename": "data_07789.npz", "report": "Young woman presents for evaluation of right vision loss associated with recently resected left thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma. Noted right-sided afferent pupillary defect and homonymous hemianopsia. Bilateral cupping of optic nerves with family history of glaucoma.", "age": 27.69, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this is a DATE_TIME young woman who presents for evaluation of right sided vision loss associated with a left thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma recently resected on DATE_TIME. she first noted vision loss in DATE_TIME with new sensory changes on the right that led to her diagnosis. her vision loss on the right is more significant after the surgery. her afferent exam showed intact acuity and color vision, but a right sided relative afferent pupillary defect. her efferent exam was normal. her automated perimetry showed a right homonomous hemianopsia. she had bilateral cupping of her optic nerves with temporal pallor on the right. given her generous cups and her family history of glaucoma, we ordered fundus photos and oct rnfl and gcc DATE_TIME. her oct showed gcc thinning nasally on the right and temporally on the left consistent with a left optic tract lesion. overall her vision loss and imaging studies are consistent with the known location of her resected tumor near the left optic tract. i explained my findings with the patient and my hope for some limited but slow recovery. i referred her to vision rehab and helped arrange for her to be seen prior to re-starting work at Institution health professions institute in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. right homonomous hemianopsia secondary to left thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma s/p resection DATE_TIME 2. right afferent pupillary defect likely secondary to left optic tract lesion plan: 1. referral to vision rehab 2. follow up DATE_TIME with me this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, LOCATION resident PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Young woman presents for evaluation of right vision loss associated with recently resected left thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma. Noted right-sided afferent pupillary defect and homonymous hemianopsia. Bilateral cupping of optic nerves with family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07790", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07790.jpg", "filename": "data_07790.npz", "report": "The patient has bilateral corneal changes with mild opacification. Initial vision test results unreliable due to patient's slow response. Follow-up test showed improvement. Significant cupping seen in dilated fundus exam, though intraocular pressures are normal. Possible glaucoma, needs further evaluation.", "age": 62.53, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "vision and no apd. she has bilateral LOCATION corneal changes with mild opacification, stromal thinning and pannus. her initial attempt at automated visual field testing produced unreliable results with complete black out of both fields. upon discussion of her performance, she admitted to having difficulty responding quickly enough with the clicker to visual stimuli and there was a dramatic improvement in both eyes upon repeat testing. therefore, the residual deficits on repeat testing are most likely artifactual and should continue to demonstrate improvement on repeat testing confirming a learning effect. dilated fundus exam does show increased cupping (os > od) but there are healthy appearing rims of tissue ou and her intraocular pressures are normal. most likely she has physiologic cupping but given the large cups and slight asymmetry she will be referred to our glaucoma service for further evaluation. impression: 1. increased cupping ou (os > od) - ntg suspect 2. bilateral corneal changes - suspect for LOCATION's marginal degeneration plan: 1. referral to glaucoma 2. continue regular lubrication this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON DATE_TIME, md, neuro-ophthalmology fellow. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has bilateral corneal changes with mild opacification. Initial vision test results unreliable due to patient's slow response. Follow-up test showed improvement. Significant cupping seen in dilated fundus exam, though intraocular pressures are normal. Possible glaucoma, needs further evaluation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07791", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07791.jpg", "filename": "data_07791.npz", "report": "Patient has Posner Schlossman Syndrome in left eye, no attacks since specified date. High hyperopia diagnosed. Glaucoma medications are ready if attack develops. Patient also has thinning optic nerves and moderate cataracts.", "age": 82.89, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME posner schlossmann syndrome os no attacks since DATE_TIME high hyperope target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) high le in DATE_TIME central corneal thickness: / gonioscopy: refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit: healthy exam, thinning ou on oct visual fields on initial visit: borderline ou medication history and intolerances: glaucoma procedures: sclerostomy in DATE_TIME left eye other eye procedures: none family history: steroids: trauma: other history and problems: cataracts moderate in DATE_TIME initial plan: posner schlossmann syndrome os no attacks since DATE_TIME if an attack develops, then he will take pf, timololand and diamox and come in same or DATE_TIME for an evaluation borderline visual field left eye DATE_TIME, check with repeat visual field left eye in DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has Posner Schlossman Syndrome in left eye, no attacks since specified date. High hyperopia diagnosed. Glaucoma medications are ready if attack develops. Patient also has thinning optic nerves and moderate cataracts.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07792", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07792.jpg", "filename": "data_07792.npz", "report": "The patient has tonic pupil despite miosis and ptosis, with sagging lid crease. They also have a choroidal nevus and a resolved papillomatous lesion. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 74.13, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "tonic pupil ou PERSON's despite miosis and mild ptosis od, as rul with elevated lid crease and rll sag rather than reverse ptosis. although miotic, od notably demonstrates vermiform mvt >> confirmed on examination by dr. PERSONME. older LOCATION's od \u00ff\u00ff 4. des/mgd >> wc and ats prn hordeolum rll DATE_TIME \u00ff\u00ff 5. choroidal nevus od >> follow \u00ff\u00ff 6. hx lul papillomatous lesion 8/11/7, causing discomfort/itching, reports significant incr in size past 2 wks>> was oculoplastics for removal, but it fell off after using face cream >> now resolved PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has tonic pupil despite miosis and ptosis, with sagging lid crease. They also have a choroidal nevus and a resolved papillomatous lesion. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07793", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07793.jpg", "filename": "data_07793.npz", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, retinal pigment changes, drusen, and mild cataracts. Glaucoma is suspected due to moderately increased c/d ratio, but pressures are normal and no family history.", "age": 73.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1) posterior vitreous detachment ou: no breaks -retinal detachment precautions \u00ff 2) retinal pigment changes and drusen os: does not look like amd. oct showed one small subretinal hyper-reflective lesion os. possibly adult vitelliform. -watch \u00ff 3) refractive: stable -keep old glasses \u00ff 4) hx ocular migraine: no headache - observe \u00ff 5) glaucoma suspect (moderately increased c/d ratio ou): pressures are fine, there is no family hx and the testing is reassuring again DATE_TIME. suspect physiologic cupping. -return for repeat optical coherence tomography, humphrey visual field but could stop testing in DATE_TIME dfe: 10/20 vf: 5/21 DATE_TIME gonio: 5/21 tmax: 16, 15 cct: 488, 483 fhx: no 6) cataracts: mild -follow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment, retinal pigment changes, drusen, and mild cataracts. Glaucoma is suspected due to moderately increased c/d ratio, but pressures are normal and no family history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07794", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07794.jpg", "filename": "data_07794.npz", "report": "Patient with history of Graves' disease, previously treated with RAI, displayed intermittent superior conjunctival swelling, orbital pain, mild eyelid retraction and proptosis. No current smoker. On 2mg prednisone. No large EOM/optic nerve compression. No evidence of glaucoma. Diagnosed with refractive error, history of BRAO OD, blepharitis/dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis and posterior vitreous detachment OS. No retinal breaks/detachments. Also has previously occluded carotid artery and resected conjunctival lesion.", "age": 82.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "superior conjunctiva #intermittent rul swelling and orbital pain h/o graves' disease -was treated DATE_TIME with rai -not a current smoker -previously with eyelid edema, pain, mild retraction and proptosis, and moderate resistance to retropulsion -had fatigue and fever around when the eyes started becoming symptomatic -thyroid antibodies wnl -scan does not appear to show large eom or optic nerve compression -recent tsh 6/18 PERSON -currently on prednisone 2mg DATE_TIME > DATE_TIME, no eyelid swelling/ inflammation > followed by PERSON PERSON previously #refractive error - updated rx given last visit #hx brao od - no plaques seen DATE_TIME ou - carotid artery was 100% occluded and had cea DATE_TIME #blepharitis / dry eye - uses cpap > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears, use gel qhs > flax seed / fish oil supplementation #allergic conjunctivitis - does not like PERSON - on pataday #hx s/p conjunctival lesion resection od with amniotic membrane graft done DATE_TIME. - medially # posterior vitreous detachment os - no breaks / detachments > retinal detachment precautions", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with history of Graves' disease, previously treated with RAI, displayed intermittent superior conjunctival swelling, orbital pain, mild eyelid retraction and proptosis. No current smoker. On 2mg prednisone. No large EOM/optic nerve compression. No evidence of glaucoma. Diagnosed with refractive error, history of BRAO OD, blepharitis/dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis and posterior vitreous detachment OS. No retinal breaks/detachments. Also has previously occluded carotid artery and resected conjunctival lesion.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07795", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07795.jpg", "filename": "data_07795.npz", "report": "The patient has dry eye syndrome in both eyes and potentially visually-significant conditions in both eyes. Goal intraocular pressure for both eyes is given. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 53.77, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} os: {oct gcc findings:19197::'baseline','stable','worsened','improved from prior','unable','pending','deferred due to'} baseline optic disc photos: {baseline photos:19197::'unable','pending'} 2. {lens status:19197::'cataract','incipient cataract','pseudophakia','aphakia'}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} // PERSON}, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} {actual status:19197::'-potentially visually-significant, right eye.','-potentially visually-significant, left eye.','-potentially visually-significant, both eyes.','-visually-significant, right eye.','-visually-significant, left eye.','-visually-significant, both eyes.','-not visually-significant, right eye.','-not visually-significant, left eye.','-not visually-significant, both eyes.','-stable.'} 3. dry eye syndrome, {gen eye laterality:315317::'both eyes'} -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. 4. social/systemic issues: *** attending's plan: -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, right eye. -goal intraocular pressure less than or equal to *** mmhg, left eye. -iop {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal od and {goal:19197::'at','above','well above'} goal os on DATE_TIME on ***.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has dry eye syndrome in both eyes and potentially visually-significant conditions in both eyes. Goal intraocular pressure for both eyes is given. There is no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07796", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07796.jpg", "filename": "data_07796.npz", "report": "35 yo suspect for glaucoma. Glaucoma service referral due to significant rnfl thinning despite non-cupped optic discs. Latanoprost prescribed. Myopia reported.", "age": 35.52, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "35 yo glaucoma suspect ou - iop 20/15 - cct 545/558 - hvf od nasal defects os nonspecific defects - oct significant rnfl thinning ou > optic discs do not look very cupped despite significant rnfl thinning. continue latanoprost qhs ou > refer to glaucoma svc for opinion and mgt pathologic myopia od> os - reports vision started worsening in DATE_TIME > refer to retina", "gpt4_summary": "35 yo suspect for glaucoma. Glaucoma service referral due to significant rnfl thinning despite non-cupped optic discs. Latanoprost prescribed. Myopia reported.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07797", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07797.jpg", "filename": "data_07797.npz", "report": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes and a history of steroid responsive intraocular pressure (IOP) glaucoma. They've experienced side effects with Alphagan and Neptazane. Attempts to lower IOP were unsuccessful; target IOP is <19. They have pseudophakia (artificial lens), have had a YAG procedure, and have posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Current plan is to lower IOP with Vyzulta if affordable.", "age": 77.2, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "1. poag ou mild stage: cct 570/580; tm 30/27 with history of steroid responsive iop glaucoma medication issues: alphagan - redness; neptazane - skin rash glaucoma procedures: od: inf alt inadequate response os: sup alt inadequate response target iop < 19 ou angles are wide open rnfl oct likely stable compared to DATE_TIME \u00ff 2. pseudophakia ou s/p yag cap od (DATE_TIME) \u00ff\u00ff 4. pvd ou \u00ff\u00ff plan: iop too high DATE_TIME has been off cosopt visual field and rnfl oct stable not able to get rhopressa or vyzulta yet due to cost restart cosopt cont ltn for now -- if can get vyzuta switch (ie. take vyzulta and LOCATION) rtc 6-8 weeks iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes and a history of steroid responsive intraocular pressure (IOP) glaucoma. They've experienced side effects with Alphagan and Neptazane. Attempts to lower IOP were unsuccessful; target IOP is <19. They have pseudophakia (artificial lens), have had a YAG procedure, and have posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Current plan is to lower IOP with Vyzulta if affordable.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07798", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07798.jpg", "filename": "data_07798.npz", "report": "42-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 42.65, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 42 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "42-year-old white, non-Hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07799", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07799.jpg", "filename": "data_07799.npz", "report": "The note involves a patient with potential neurological and vision issues, assessed for neurosyphilis and Lyme disease. There's a risk of visual/neurological morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 47.66, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "out neurosyphilis (if fta is positive) 3. infectious disease consult (syphilis and lyme) 4. cxr to be ordered by primary care physician given intermittent chronic cough without history of smoking (?sarcoidosis) 5. neuro-ophthalmic follow up in DATE_TIME after above workup PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow.) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's acute / chronic problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' above that pose a threat to vision / neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents (specifically: a review of prior external notes; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication or management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially high risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management. - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The note involves a patient with potential neurological and vision issues, assessed for neurosyphilis and Lyme disease. There's a risk of visual/neurological morbidity. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07800", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07800.jpg", "filename": "data_07800.npz", "report": "Patient has bi-temporal visual field defects, possibly from hydrocephalus, and elevated intraocular pressure. Also shows glaucomatous changes. MRI of brain recommended to examine central structures.", "age": 74.9, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "bi-temporal visual field defects, and expansion of the 3rd ventricle is a well-known, though quite rare (especially in adults) cause of this pattern of visual loss. having better anatomical definition of the central structures of the brain would be valuable, as neurosurgical intervention would be considered if there is a clear impression of mass effect from the 3rd ventricle. i recommended an mri. his pacemaker is mri compatible; we are working closely with radiology to obtain the appropriate imaging. ultimately, while this patient has cupping and elevated intraocular pressure, it will be important to separate glaucomatous changes from the possible contributions from the hydrocephalus. we will continue to communicate closely with dr. PERSON of glaucoma. impression: 1. bitemporal visual field defects, possibly due to hydrocephalus plan: 1. obtain mri of brain focusing on the chiasms relationship to the 3rd ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct looking for obstructions 2. return to neuro-ophthalmology after mri is obtained this note was prepared with the assistance of marguerite PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology resident (i spent DATE_TIME on this case, especially reviewing images with neuroradiology, attempting to arrange an mri given his pacemaker, and discussing management.) PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has bi-temporal visual field defects, possibly from hydrocephalus, and elevated intraocular pressure. Also shows glaucomatous changes. MRI of brain recommended to examine central structures.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07801", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07801.jpg", "filename": "data_07801.npz", "report": "Patient using preservative-free artificial tears, reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Next appointment for IOP check and disc photos. Possible future treatments: repeat SLT OD, SLT OS, Lumigan QHS OU if needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 57.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for refractive care. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and disc photos ou, sooner prn. we can consider slt od (repeat) in future and slt os as needed. we can also consider lumigan qhs ou in future if iop persistently above goal and/or progression. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient using preservative-free artificial tears, reviewed retinal detachment precautions. Next appointment for IOP check and disc photos. Possible future treatments: repeat SLT OD, SLT OS, Lumigan QHS OU if needed. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07802", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07802.jpg", "filename": "data_07802.npz", "report": "32-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Requires no intervention, only monitoring. Recent NRP resolved. Mild refractive error with good uncorrected vision.\n", "age": 32.24, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "32 m last visit here with me in DATE_TIME # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: maybe grandfather [ cct: 597,586 [ oct DATE_TIME: full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: nonspecific/full ou - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. discussed that this may be physiologic appearance of his nerves. # recent hx of NRP, r upper eyelid (DATE_TIME), since resolved # mild refractive error, not requiring glasses. - happy with uncorrected vision rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "32-year-old male is a glaucoma suspect due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Requires no intervention, only monitoring. Recent NRP resolved. Mild refractive error with good uncorrected vision.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07803", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07803.jpg", "filename": "data_07803.npz", "report": "25-year-old female patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to increased cup-to-disc ratio. No clinical signs of secondary glaucoma. Given OCT results, will repeat testing. Moderate myopia with astigmatism, and lattice retinal degeneration present.", "age": 25.68, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "25 y.o. f referred by PERSON, od, for baseline glaucoma testing # oag suspect, low risk os>od, due to increased c/d and oct rnfl - + fh pat aunt being followed as a glc suspect, no one on treatment - cct 565/595 - gonio open - no clinical signs of secondary glaucoma - tmax 16,16 (outside records) - tcurent 14, 14 - tgoal <22 - hvf full - oct rnfl full od, relative blunting of superior peak os reviewed testing and exam findings with patient - all very reassuring. given oct appearance will repeat in DATE_TIME. # moderate myopia with astigmatism - ctlw - monitor # lattice os - no traction/holes/breaks - rd precautions plan DATE_TIME iop, oct rnfl gcc", "gpt4_summary": "25-year-old female patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to increased cup-to-disc ratio. No clinical signs of secondary glaucoma. Given OCT results, will repeat testing. Moderate myopia with astigmatism, and lattice retinal degeneration present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07804", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07804.jpg", "filename": "data_07804.npz", "report": "66 y.o. female has history of glaucoma, but is not currently using drops; eye pressure and optic nerves are ok. Also has refractive error, resolved chalazion, dry eyes, non-specific vision defects.", "age": 66.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "66 y.o. female: undergoing work up for cushing syndrome \u00ff 1. refractive error. a prescription for glasses was given to the patient \u00ff 2. hx of chalazion os resolved \u00ff 3. hx of being treated for glaucoma in the past but she has not used drops in DATE_TIME iop ok optic nerves look good oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: possible small inferior pericentral depression od, normal os hvf DATE_TIME: borderline reliable od, resolved pericentral depression od, reliable with nonspecific defects os - stable 4. dry eye ou blurry vision during computer work trial ats, wcs - rtc in DATE_TIME, hvf and repeat oct rnfl at that time bian md pgy3 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "66 y.o. female has history of glaucoma, but is not currently using drops; eye pressure and optic nerves are ok. Also has refractive error, resolved chalazion, dry eyes, non-specific vision defects.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07805", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07805.jpg", "filename": "data_07805.npz", "report": "The patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus retinopathy, kidney disorder, hypothyroidism, a fractured phalanx of the finger, neuropathy, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 48.54, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "type 1 diabetes mellitus retinopathy kidney disorder hypothyroidism fracture of phalanx of finger neuropathy adhesive capsulitis of shoulder hyperlipidemia hypertension results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your partners patient gateway account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your partners patient gateway user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your partners patient gateway account: ? if you already have a partners patient gateway account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your partners patient gateway account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? partners patient gateway support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the partners patient gateway support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus retinopathy, kidney disorder, hypothyroidism, a fractured phalanx of the finger, neuropathy, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07806", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07806.jpg", "filename": "data_07806.npz", "report": "The patient is prescribed medications for glaucoma: Dorzolamide/Timolol 3x/day, Brimonidine 3x/day, Pilocarpine 4x/day, Netarsudil 1x/night, Prednisolone 1x/night, all in both eyes. Vyzulta will replace Prednisolone upon insurance approval.", "age": 57.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency dorzolamide/timolol* (dark blue) both eyes 3x/day brimonidine3 (purple) both eyes 3x/day pilocarpine (green) both eyes 4x/day netarsudil (white)4 both eyes 1x/night prednisolone (pink or white) both eyes DATE_TIME PERSON (teal)\u00f8 both eyes (stop once vyzulta is approved by insurance) 1x/night PERSON/vyzulta (teal)6 both eyes (start once approved by insurance) 1x/night * this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. 3 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: brimonidine, alphagan, PERSON 4 this medication is also known as rhopressa. 6 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: ofloxacin, vigamox, moxifloxacin, zymaxid/zymar, gatifloxacin, polytrim. if you have a severe allergy to fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin belongs to this family of antibiotics), you may be prescribed a different antibiotic than those listed here. 1 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication (topical steroid) include: prednisolone acetate, pred forte, durezol, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, loteprednol, fluorometholone. prednisolone should be shaken 20 times before placing it in the eye. \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). 6 this medication is also known as vyzulta. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION). for emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is prescribed medications for glaucoma: Dorzolamide/Timolol 3x/day, Brimonidine 3x/day, Pilocarpine 4x/day, Netarsudil 1x/night, Prednisolone 1x/night, all in both eyes. Vyzulta will replace Prednisolone upon insurance approval.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07807", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07807.jpg", "filename": "data_07807.npz", "report": "The patient has risk factors for glaucoma, which include hypertension, age, race, type 2 diabetes, and high eye pressure. The patient's glaucoma concern is currently prioritized over their cataract surgery.", "age": 76.76, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pt represents for DATE_TIME f/u for hvf 24-2, retry oct, ?pre-op for cataracts surgery open angle / low tension glaucoma risks include: htn, age, race, dm2, h/o high iop, c/d asym, increased c/d no fhx tmax 22 od 24 PERSON DATE_TIME) rnfl thin superior od normal os. PERSON normal od artifact due to movement os. oct retried on DATE_TIME, but signals from previous visit were better hvf 24-2 (DATE_TIME) watch superior od; watch central, but some fixation loss os early PERSON rx'd (DATE_TIME) brimonidine bid ou referral to glaucoma specialist niddm type DATE_TIME retinopathy ou patient educated on the effects of diabetes on the eyes and importance of good blood sugar control. patient understands the need for an annual eye exam. monitor DATE_TIME. on metformin a1c: 6.6 on DATE_TIME cataracts ou iolm and pentacam done (DATE_TIME) hold on cataract surgery for now, as glaucoma is more concerning at this time glaucoma specialist can consider potential for combined procedure if visual field defect is from oag / ltg hypertension x DATE_TIME-grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy ou patient educated on the effects of hypertension on the eyes and importance of good blood pressure control. patient understands the need for an annual eye exam. monitor DATE_TIME. large erm with PERSON observe dry eye ou gave pt dry eye handout recommend at's prn avoid heat/rubbing avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' hyperopia w/ presbyopia ou hold on rx f/u w/ glaucoma specialist next available", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has risk factors for glaucoma, which include hypertension, age, race, type 2 diabetes, and high eye pressure. The patient's glaucoma concern is currently prioritized over their cataract surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07808", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07808.jpg", "filename": "data_07808.npz", "report": "61 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect with c/d asymmetry. Vision stable. Risk of glaucoma-induced optic neuropathy. Mild, non-visually significant cataract. Potential retinal tear. Return in 6-9 months.", "age": 61.28, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "61 y.o. female presents for a glaucoma suspect follow-up. she saw dr. scally for evaluation DATE_TIME. PERSON: cataracts pmhx: history of cva, migraines and gets botox injections in forehead/neck DATE_TIME: since the last visit she feels her vision is stable. assessment/plan: glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on c/d asymmetry - iop - 18/14 - tmax - 18/16 - cct - 568/579 by lenstar, thick ou - c/d - 0.4. DATE_TIME rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - abnormal thinning superiorly od > os, small asymmetric discs - DATE_TIME: stable abnornal thinning superiorly ou - hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME - full od, non-specific defects inferiorly os - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy - return in DATE_TIME with hvf 24-2, oct rnfl cataract, not visually significant myopia with astigmatism and presbyopia - mild cataract is present that is not yet visually significant, cortical wedges os > od inferiorly and mild psc od only - bcva 20/25+2, 20/20-3 - bats to 20/25, 20/45 - screening iol measurements obtained DATE_TIME - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery retinal changes inferiorly os - .stable. DATE_TIME - hypopigmented area os inferiorly, question asymptomatic tear versus discoloration - no srf - retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail and they are to return immediately for symptoms including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains orshadows. rtc 6-9 months with cataract and glaucoma suspect evaluation - bat, maybe PERSON, ar with PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "61 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect with c/d asymmetry. Vision stable. Risk of glaucoma-induced optic neuropathy. Mild, non-visually significant cataract. Potential retinal tear. Return in 6-9 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07809", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07809.jpg", "filename": "data_07809.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup to disc ratio in left eye more than right. Evidence of borderline thinning in OD and OS observed on OCT RNFL. Also reports dry eyes and chronic left temporal headache. Follow up in 6 months.", "age": 79.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female \u00ff # s/p ceiol od DATE_TIME; os DATE_TIME (PERSON, LOCATION) -s/p yag capsulotomy od DATE_TIME, os DATE_TIME -doing well # glaucoma suspect -incr c/d os>od -pachy 604/610 -gonio: open ou -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline thinning superiorly od, inferiorly os -hvf DATE_TIME: mild nonspecific changes ou >monitor # dry eyes / meibomian gland disease >at qid prn >warm compresses # left temporal headache -longstanding for DATE_TIME, no scalp tenderness. no fevers, unexplained weight loss, jaw claudication. normal color vision. gca very unlikely. however, advised patient to notify if any changes. f/u 6 mos: coe, oct rnfl", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup to disc ratio in left eye more than right. Evidence of borderline thinning in OD and OS observed on OCT RNFL. Also reports dry eyes and chronic left temporal headache. Follow up in 6 months.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07810", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07810.jpg", "filename": "data_07810.npz", "report": "58y/o male has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, controlled with latanoprost in left eye. New defect in visual field was detected in left eye. Patient has been on steroids for asthma and allergies. Resolved history of lymphoma. Prescribed with new glasses. Mild dermatochalasis and ptosis observed. Further follow-up scheduled.", "age": 58.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "58 y.o. male w/ htn 1. poag (s) od, poag os on latanoprost os cct thick tmax 21,18 hvf od full hvf os new sns defect, plan to repeat next time to confirm, noted by tech to be falling asleep during test os DATE_TIME PERSON ou dp stable iop controlled ou plan; cpm latanoprost os qhs - recommend DATE_TIME vs am dosing to increase effectiveness patient has been on flonase and flovent for DATE_TIME, discussed risk of steroid response, try to limit steroid use if possible - he reports both are needed for asthma and allergies 2. h/o lymphoma in remission x DATE_TIME. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 4. dermatochalasis ou, mild ptosis now seen bilaterally which is symmetric. eye plastics eval if pt wishes, deferred for now. f/u DATE_TIME, check va, iop, gonio and hvf os only PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON at DATE_TIME on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "58y/o male has primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, controlled with latanoprost in left eye. New defect in visual field was detected in left eye. Patient has been on steroids for asthma and allergies. Resolved history of lymphoma. Prescribed with new glasses. Mild dermatochalasis and ptosis observed. Further follow-up scheduled.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07811", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07811.jpg", "filename": "data_07811.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. It suggests over-the-counter artificial tears for dry eyes and provides various suggestions for treating blepharitis, including warm compresses and lid scrubs.", "age": 65.17, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "dry eyes artificial tears can be bought 'over-the-counter' at cvs, LOCATION, or any major pharmacy without a prescription. artificial tears can relieve symptoms of dry eyes. some names of artificial tears: systane refresh tears naturale hypotears soothe do not use visine blepharitis 1. warm compresses take a face cloth, put it under warm faucet water, then put the warm face cloth over your closed eyelids. if the face cloth or towel gets cool, put the face cloth back under the warm faucet water to warm up the towel. put the warm face cloth over the closed eyelids for a total of DATE_TIME each time, 3-4 times a day 2. lib scrubs take PERSON's baby shampoo (dilute it so that it is half baby shampoo and half faucet water). then take the diluted baby shampoo, close the eyelids, and clean the eyelids and eyelashes before you go to sleep. 3. artificial tears use can use over-the-counter artificial tears up to 3-4 times a day when your eyes are dry, irritated, or uncomfortable. if your eyes feel fine, you do not need to use artificial tears. you can get artificial tears at cvs, LOCATION, or most pharmacies without a prescription. do not use visine, but brands that can be used include: tears naturale, sooth, refresh, hypotears, etc.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't mention the presence of glaucoma. It suggests over-the-counter artificial tears for dry eyes and provides various suggestions for treating blepharitis, including warm compresses and lid scrubs.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07812", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07812.jpg", "filename": "data_07812.npz", "report": "58 y.o. female has primary open angle glaucoma but family history is negative. She has narrow gonio and borderline thinning observed on OCT tests. Minimal IOP reduction with latanoprost but better with bimatoprost. Higher IOP in left eye, concern for progression. She also has myopia and incipient cataracts.\n", "age": 58.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "assessment and plan 58 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma ou -incr c/d 0.8 ou -famhx neg -tmax: 20/19 -pachy: 581/577 -gonio: narrow but not occludable ou -disc photos DATE_TIME -oct DATE_TIME: PERSON, borderline thinning os; gcc parameters within normal limits ou -oct DATE_TIME: od sup and PERSON thinning; os inf thinning; reduced gcc os -oct DATE_TIME: od sup and PERSON thinning, mildly worse; os borderline thinning inf and sup, stable -oct DATE_TIME (PERSON): PERSON thinning, improved from prior but may be decentered; os borderline thinning inf and nasal, stable -oct DATE_TIME (cirrus): inf thinning ou -hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou -minimal iop reduction with latanoprost, better reduction with bimatoprost >iop slightly higher os DATE_TIME. increased thinning on oct, though measured DATE_TIME with different machine (cirrus). concern for progression. >cont bimotoprost qhs ou >add timolol gel qam ou >refer to dr. PERSON for continued management # incipient cataracts ou -not visually significant # myopia ou -just received new mrx from optometrist f/u DATE_TIME: coe", "gpt4_summary": "58 y.o. female has primary open angle glaucoma but family history is negative. She has narrow gonio and borderline thinning observed on OCT tests. Minimal IOP reduction with latanoprost but better with bimatoprost. Higher IOP in left eye, concern for progression. She also has myopia and incipient cataracts.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07813", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07813.jpg", "filename": "data_07813.npz", "report": "Patient presents severe photophobia with minimal disc leakage, mild nasal disc fullness, mild NFL thickening. No clear signs of glaucoma. MRI recommended to rule out intracranial lesion.", "age": 38.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "component value flag ref range units status hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye -6.32 db final hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye -1.64 db final hvf pattern standard deviation (os) - left eye 4.85 db final hvf pattern standard deviation (od) - right eye 2.26 db final right eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -1.64 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 2.26 db db. left eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -6.32 db db. the pattern standard deviation was calculated to be: 4.85 db db. notes od: full os: depression mildly worse in the superior-temporal quadrant on pattern deviation oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; gcc, rnfl right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. notes mild increase in nfl thickness nasally ou (avg 109 microns od and 104 microns os). normal macular gcipl thickness map ou. ? impression: ms. PERSON has mild nasal disc fullness ou, which is not clearly pathologic but given the unexplained severe photophobia and the minimal disc leakage on fa and on mild nfl thickening nasally ou on oct, i recommended an mri of the brain with and without contrast to rule out an intracranial lesion. we will include an mrv to help assess for features of raised icp. the headache pattern fits more with migraine than with iih, and patients with migraine may have significant photophobia. ? recommendations: 1. mri brain +/- contrast, mrv head 2. repeat vf testing to exclude a defect at next visit i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. ? PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient presents severe photophobia with minimal disc leakage, mild nasal disc fullness, mild NFL thickening. No clear signs of glaucoma. MRI recommended to rule out intracranial lesion.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07814", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07814.jpg", "filename": "data_07814.npz", "report": "Patient has history of glaucoma, currently off medications, needs close monitoring. Also has retinal detachment, lattice degeneration & small atrophic hole. Using artificial tears.\n", "age": 30.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME off glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -follow-up with retina team given lattice degeneration and small atrophic hole os in the s/o PERSON. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -discussed contact lens hygiene on DATE_TIME. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of glaucoma, currently off medications, needs close monitoring. Also has retinal detachment, lattice degeneration & small atrophic hole. Using artificial tears.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07815", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07815.jpg", "filename": "data_07815.npz", "report": "The patient shows symptoms of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and has improved right disc edema. There's no presence of glaucoma. Risk of fellow eye involvement is recognised.", "age": 74.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "edema with hemorrhage, absence of choroidal hypoperfusion on fluorescein angiography, disc-at-risk configuration in the fellow eye, modest vision loss, and negative temporal artery biopsy remain most suggestive of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. her examination reveals improvement in her disc edema on the right with stable afferent function, although her paracentral field defect on the right has been somewhat inconsistent on serial perimetry. parenthetical note is also made of a stable inferior nasal step on the left corresponding to superotemporal PERSON thinning on oct of uncertain etiology. we discussed the risk of fellow eye involvement in naion, as well as avoidance of nocturnal hypotension and possible association with untreated sleep apnea, for which she is scheduled for a repeat evaluation. we also discussed follow-up with her medicine providers for investigation of her longstanding crp elevation, as well as follow-up with an ophthalmologist for routine eye care. i will plan to see ms. PERSON in follow-up in DATE_TIME, although she understood to contact me sooner with any questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in ms. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON, LOCATION than DATE_TIME were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient shows symptoms of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and has improved right disc edema. There's no presence of glaucoma. Risk of fellow eye involvement is recognised.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07816", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07816.jpg", "filename": "data_07816.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions a visual field test and an optic nerve exam, but does not mention glaucoma. Other conditions reported are elbow pain, back pain, tongue burning, and glossitis.", "age": 41.85, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "children are not allowed in the examination rooms, and must be accompanied by an additional adult from your party in the waiting areas. orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME elbow pain physical exam back pain tongue burning sensation glossitis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions a visual field test and an optic nerve exam, but does not mention glaucoma. Other conditions reported are elbow pain, back pain, tongue burning, and glossitis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07817", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07817.jpg", "filename": "data_07817.npz", "report": "The patient has a high-risk chronic illness with risk of vision loss. The note mentions the risks of laser procedure, such as infection, double vision, and possible need for further surgery. No guarantees were given on the outcomes. No ASA/blood thinner implants were required, prefers LPI anesthesia. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned in the note.", "age": 56.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "including the potential risk of infection, bleeding, loss of vision, loss of eye, double vision, need for further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. frequent follow-up for the patient's chronic illness explained including the fact that without appropriate follow-up, there's a threat of vision loss. no guarantees given. questions answered. consents signed. high risks involved in laser procedure explained to patient: without appropriate follow-up or therapy, there's a risk of permanent vision loss. no asa/blood thinners implants/special equipment needed -- lpi preferred anesthesia -- topical diabetic -- no -rtc in DATE_TIME/p lpi od with va and iop check ou as well as gonioscopy od, sooner prn. consider same procedure os if good result od. i personally spent DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for the patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face), and finalizing the visit for this patient. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a high-risk chronic illness with risk of vision loss. The note mentions the risks of laser procedure, such as infection, double vision, and possible need for further surgery. No guarantees were given on the outcomes. No ASA/blood thinner implants were required, prefers LPI anesthesia. Glaucoma not explicitly mentioned in the note.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07818", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07818.jpg", "filename": "data_07818.npz", "report": "The patient is currently using Travatan Z (travoprost) 0.004% drops for both eyes and has an active prescription. Procedures include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes and laser trabeculoplasty for left eye. Patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 57.44, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "drops; route: right eye; frequency: bid; directions: not available; details: dispense: 1 bottle(s); taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME kidist tessema DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr travoprost (travatan z) 0.004 % drop (taking) travatan z (travoprost ) 0.004 % drops; dose: not available; form: take 1 drops; route: both eyes; frequency: qpm; directions: administer at least 5 mins apart from other ophthalmic meds. discard the container within DATE_TIME of removal from the sealed pouch.; details: dispense: 1 bottle(s); taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON,LOCATION; date: DATE_TIME kidist tessema DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl future labs/procedures complete by expires laser trabeculoplasty selective - os - left eye as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME glaucoma results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none instructions the following instruction is based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. please take the following medications for your eyes as instructed: both eyes cosopt 3 x travatan 1 x at night alphagan 2 x stop carteolol stop PERSON left eye ilevro 1 x for DATE_TIME then stop please wait DATE_TIME between eye drops. if you have additional questions regarding your eye medications, please call PHONE_NUMBER if you saw dr. PERSON at Institution main campus, or PHONE_NUMBER (option 2) if you saw dr. PERSON at Institution. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is currently using Travatan Z (travoprost) 0.004% drops for both eyes and has an active prescription. Procedures include Humphrey visual field and optic nerve tests for both eyes and laser trabeculoplasty for left eye. Patient has been diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07819", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07819.jpg", "filename": "data_07819.npz", "report": "45 y.o. woman with central floater in right eye after car accident. No evidence of vitreous or retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma due to optic disc cupping, controlled IOP, and enlarged C:D. Low risk.", "age": 45.43, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "45 y.o. woman, presented to ew DATE_TIME with central floater od after rear-end car accident \u00ff #vitreous syneresis -no evidence of posterior vitreous detachment, nor pigmented cells in anterior vitreous, no retinal tears, breaks, holes, or detachment on dilated fundus exam with scleral depression ? -oct macula unremarkable ou with no pvd ou \u00ff #glaucoma suspect due to optic disc cupping ou -enlarged c:d ou, iop controlled - cct 556/550 - hvf DATE_TIME DATE_TIME wnl ou - no family hx > observe, low risk DATE_TIME exams either here or with own eye md", "gpt4_summary": "45 y.o. woman with central floater in right eye after car accident. No evidence of vitreous or retinal issues. Suspected glaucoma due to optic disc cupping, controlled IOP, and enlarged C:D. Low risk.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07820", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07820.jpg", "filename": "data_07820.npz", "report": "The patient had a positive eye exam indicating possible retinitis with optic nerve involvement. However, glaucoma is not evidenced from the clinical notes, which reported normal intraocular pressure.", "age": 30.48, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "history chief complaint private pt. PERSON positive for: eyes negative for: constitutional, gastrointestinal, neurological, skin, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, hent, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, psychiatric, allergic/imm, heme/lymph last edited by PERSON, md on DATE_TIME. (history) exam there were no vitals taken for this visit. base eye exam visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist sc 20/15 20/15 tonometry (tonopen, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 14 15 neuro/psych oriented x3: yes mood/affect: normal slit lamp and fundus exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera normal 1+ injection and chemosis, tenderness to palpation cornea normal inferior kp, stellate anterior chamber normal, no cell 1+ cell iris normal normal lens normal normal vitreous normal 1+ cell fundus exam right left disc normal, sharp 360 disc edema c/d ratio 0.1 0.1 macula normal normal, vertically oriented choroidal folds vessels normal dilated vessels periphery normal numerous white retinal infiltrates, PERSON and inferiorly assessment and plan DATE_TIME female retinitis with optic nerve involvement, os - progressing since DATE_TIME - ddx: arn, syphilis, PERSON, cmv (given heme), tb - will complete uveitic and infectious panel (add fta-abs, PERSON igm, igg) - plan for ac tap and injection of foscarnet - start bactrim ds bid - start valtrex 2g tid - follow up DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATIONE 2023", "gpt4_summary": "The patient had a positive eye exam indicating possible retinitis with optic nerve involvement. However, glaucoma is not evidenced from the clinical notes, which reported normal intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07821", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07821.jpg", "filename": "data_07821.npz", "report": "The clinical note mentions a 6mm optic disc, yet no signs of glaucoma. Conditions include hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and heart conditions.", "age": 62.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "cirrus; optic disc; onh cube; 6mm length; no as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME hypercholesterolemia hyperlipidemia hypertension premature atrial contraction ventricular premature beats results summary immunizations administered on date of encounte", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note mentions a 6mm optic disc, yet no signs of glaucoma. Conditions include hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and heart conditions.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07822", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07822.jpg", "filename": "data_07822.npz", "report": "Patient on Lumigan and Brimonidine for eye treatment. Rhopressa to be started. Adherence to medication emphasized. Regular check-ups and potential for future changes to treatment plan discussed. Moderate glaucoma risk.", "age": 58.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "on lumigan qhs ou and brimonidine bid ou. -continue Lumigan qhs OU. -continue brimonidine bid ou. -start rhopressa qhs od. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for neuro-ophthalmology care. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given stable chronic illnesses with good iop control, we will continue monitoring the patient on the prescription drug regimen described above. importance of follow-up explained to patient given moderate risk of progression without care. -rtc on DATE_TIME with iop check ou, arx ou, bat ou, optical biometry ou, HVF OD (with taped lid and coaching), and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. consider starting travatan in the future if it is less expensive than lumigan. consider SLT OD, then os in the future if iop above goal or intolerance to medication. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on Lumigan and Brimonidine for eye treatment. Rhopressa to be started. Adherence to medication emphasized. Regular check-ups and potential for future changes to treatment plan discussed. Moderate glaucoma risk.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07823", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07823.jpg", "filename": "data_07823.npz", "report": "The patient's clinical note reveals a diagnosis of potential primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, in both eyes. There's a family history of glaucoma, superior thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the left eye, and cataract in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances noted.", "age": 64.18, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 577 / 571 gonioscopy: (b-c)c25b, 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: borderline superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior thinning vs nasally shifted peak visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: watch for superior nasal step family history: uncle steroids: inhaled, topical to skin trauma: none asthma/copd: emphysema other medical history and problems: dm2, htn, schizophrenia, psoriasis assessment/plan: 64 y.o. male # ocular hypertension vs primary open angle glaucoma, mild, both eyes - s/p selective laser trabeculoplasty ou - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable od but may be worse os, will repeat next visit - continue latanoprost qhs ou - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf (test os first), dilate, oct # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's clinical note reveals a diagnosis of potential primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, in both eyes. There's a family history of glaucoma, superior thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the left eye, and cataract in both eyes. No glaucoma medication intolerances noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07824", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07824.jpg", "filename": "data_07824.npz", "report": "The patient is a 61-year-old woman with various health issues, including obesity and hypothyroidism. She was tested for glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry but is not on medication. She also has early cataract.", "age": 61.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "Right Left Disc Normal Normal C/D Ratio 0.5 0.3 Macula Normal Normal Vessels Normal Normal Periphery Normal Normal Assessment and Plan: 61 y.o. female with PMHx HLD, obesity, vitiligo, hypothyroidism, vertigo, arthritis, hx sinus surgery DATE_TIME New pt to me on DATE_TIME , prior pt of PERSON for eye exam # Glaucoma Cupping based on C/D asymmetry - glaucoma meds: none - Fhx: none - glauc drug allergies: none - IOP 20/19 - TMax (8/24/17) 21/21 - gonio (pending) - pachy (5/30/19): 575/568 - Hx eye surg or lasers: none HVF 9/23/20: reliable OU, OD full; OS sup early arcuate and inferior dense nasal w paracentral defect? (pt had trouble with testing, clicker not working) OCT 9/23/20: OD thin sup, OS wnl >> Relatively unreliable testing today (HVF clicker not working per pt), will repeat next visit. Borderline high IOP historically # Cataract OU - early PSC out of visual axis but patient bothered by glare occasionally >> BAT next visit RTC 4 months, HVF, dilate, BAT PERSON LOCATOIN", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 61-year-old woman with various health issues, including obesity and hypothyroidism. She was tested for glaucoma due to C/D asymmetry but is not on medication. She also has early cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07825", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07825.jpg", "filename": "data_07825.npz", "report": "Patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, more so than left. Previously underwent Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) in 2017. Uses Combigan, Lumigan, Dorz and Rhopressa and intolerant to Diamox. Visual field loss in right eye. Intracocular pressure controlled well.", "age": 76.89, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pxf glaucoma od>os ; dx in DATE_TIME (followed by PERSON) ; first seen by LOCATION DATE_TIME s/p slt od 2017 (initially iop to 18, then up again) on LOCATION yrs (2 mg, DATE_TIME, autoimmune hepatitis - highest dose 5 mg) no known fhx glaucoma (parents deceased) no trauma ; no cl (previous use) arrives on combigan, lumigan, dorz and rhopressa ; unable to tolerate diamox (dizzy) pp ou 2012 (h/o of high myopia and retinal tear s/p retinopexy) ; cme od ttarget: / , tmax: 35 od on mtmt ; 56 off drops per pt cct: 525, 509 / 524 gonioscopy DATE_TIME: od: ss 360, some pas. os: PERSON, tm elsewhere. rnfl oct small nerves, sup/inf thinning od, borderline os vf adv loss od, PERSON loss os (may be due to old cva?) note: visual field 10-2 od, 24-2 left eye h/o cva? , bacterial endocarditis s/p valve replacement mri done and she has seen neurology, no cause found s/p PERSONIME (no iridectomy) plan: was to see neuro oph for intermittent diplopia - deffered due to covid but resolved with new glasses iop excellent without drops od, os is controlled with lumigan visual field DATE_TIME stable both eyes cont lumigan os rtc 6 LOCATION dilated rnfl oct both eyes and disc photos", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in right eye, more so than left. Previously underwent Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) in 2017. Uses Combigan, Lumigan, Dorz and Rhopressa and intolerant to Diamox. Visual field loss in right eye. Intracocular pressure controlled well.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07826", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07826.jpg", "filename": "data_07826.npz", "report": "57-year-old male with primary open angle glaucoma(s), mild cataract, HIV+ but no retinopathy or opportunistic infection, no diabetes retinopathy, and refractive error. Plan includes repeat IOP and HVF checks.", "age": 57.56, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "57 y.o. male 1. poag(s) based on inc c:d ratio od>os tmax unknown fhx negative cct average hvf shows new sa defects ou oct borderline temp thinning od, wnl os, stable ou PERSON plan: repeat iop check and hvf ou within DATE_TIME, if iop increases or hvf defects are reproducible, then needs treatment to lower iop (slt vs medication) must tape lids next time, closing during exam 2. mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 3. hiv +, no retinopathy or opportunistic infection on dilated exam. 4. diabetes: no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on dilated exam. blood sugar and blood pressure control encouraged. 5. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "57-year-old male with primary open angle glaucoma(s), mild cataract, HIV+ but no retinopathy or opportunistic infection, no diabetes retinopathy, and refractive error. Plan includes repeat IOP and HVF checks.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07827", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07827.jpg", "filename": "data_07827.npz", "report": "55 y.o. male has type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Recovering well after phaco/pciol operation. Has had eye treatments for vh and dme. Suspected of having glaucoma.", "age": 55.16, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 y.o. male # pom#1 s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME -doing well -prolensa qd until bottle runs out >otc readers # type 2 dm with proliferative diabetic retinopathy retinopathy ou -od: s/p PERSON for vh and PERSON prp #6 on DATE_TIME. s/PERSON for dme. -os:s/p prp #3 on DATE_TIME os, s/PERSON for dme >followed by dr. PERSON glaucoma suspect ou -cct: 542 / 548 -oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou -hvf DATE_TIME:nonspecific patchy loss ou >monitor rtc 1 year", "gpt4_summary": "55 y.o. male has type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Recovering well after phaco/pciol operation. Has had eye treatments for vh and dme. Suspected of having glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07828", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07828.jpg", "filename": "data_07828.npz", "report": "Patient taking nitroglycerin, lisinopril, and olopatadine (Patanol) ophthalmic solution for right eye. Conditions include hypertension, hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 74.3, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "nitroglycerin oral (taking) take by mouth. reported on DATE_TIME lisinopril oral take by mouth. reported on DATE_TIME olopatadine (patanol) 0.1 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into the right eye 2 (two) times a day. condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertension hyperlipidemia results", "gpt4_summary": "Patient taking nitroglycerin, lisinopril, and olopatadine (Patanol) ophthalmic solution for right eye. Conditions include hypertension, hyperlipidemia. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07829", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07829.jpg", "filename": "data_07829.npz", "report": "51 y.o. with type 2 diabetes mellitus, no diabetic retinopathy. No evidence of glaucoma (optic disc cupping, IOP 18/18). Updated glasses prescription given.", "age": 51.66, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "51 y.o. type 2 diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy ou hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.8 % final > importance of blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid control emphasized > DATE_TIME exams optic disc cupping ou - iop 18/18 - no family history > baseline hvf/ oct/ cct refractive error > updated glasses prescription given per request fu for hvf/ oct/cct", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o. with type 2 diabetes mellitus, no diabetic retinopathy. No evidence of glaucoma (optic disc cupping, IOP 18/18). Updated glasses prescription given.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07830", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07830.jpg", "filename": "data_07830.npz", "report": "The note mentions a 68-year-old female patient with a past medical history of hypertension and high lipid levels. She has had a Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the right eye. Though glaucoma is not specifically mentioned, she has a cataract in both eyes.\n", "age": 68.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "manifest refraction sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +4.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.75 j1 left NRP -0.50 111 20/25 +2.75 j1 manifest refraction #2 (auto) sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right PERSON left LOCATION -1.00 104 manifest refraction comments bcva ou: 20/25 j1 final rx sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +4.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.75 j1 left NRP -0.50 111 20/25 +2.75 j1 expiration date: DATE_TIME assessment and plan: 68 y.o. female with pmhx htn, hld, PERSON new pt to me on DATE_TIME, prior pt of PERSON presents for eye exam # hx naion od in past - hvf DATE_TIME: superior defect, consistent with naion, and with some improvement in mean deviation - on optic nerve, focal inferior notch on rim. no heme DATE_TIME, no pallor - prior photo shows area of heme on margin DATE_TIME >> monitor, manage systemic risk factors # cataract ou - becoming visually significant >> mrx for now # refractive error >> mrx provided rtc 1 yr dilate mrx PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions a 68-year-old female patient with a past medical history of hypertension and high lipid levels. She has had a Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in the right eye. Though glaucoma is not specifically mentioned, she has a cataract in both eyes.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07831", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07831.jpg", "filename": "data_07831.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or other medical details. It mainly discusses the support team's contact methods and response times.", "age": 59.14, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any information about the presence of glaucoma or other medical details. It mainly discusses the support team's contact methods and response times.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07832", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07832.jpg", "filename": "data_07832.npz", "report": "Patient exhibits optic neuropathy, particularly on the left side, detectable with OCT. Possible glaucoma noted, but may also be due to compressive, metabolic, or genetic optic neuropathy. MRI and lab tests ordered.", "age": 67.84, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "neuropathy. there is also an optic neuropathy on the left side, which is evident primarily with oct as her visual field os is still normal. she may have glaucoma ou, but it is possible that she has a compressive, metabolic, or genetic optic neuropathy. it would be somewhat surprising to have normal visual fields in the left eye with pre-perimetric thinning of rnfl and gcl on oct. there is also a more diffuse pattern of gcl loss in the macula which is less common with glaucoma where loss of gcl tends to occur first in an arcuate pattern. i ordered an orbit mri +/- contrast, as well as labs for causes of metabolic or infectious optic neuropathy. ? impression: 1. optic neuropathy od>os 2. mixed mechanism glaucoma ou ? recommendations: 1. mri orbits +/- contrast 2. labs: b12, mma, homocysteine, fta antibody, rpr 3. return to clinic in DATE_TIME it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? ? ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient exhibits optic neuropathy, particularly on the left side, detectable with OCT. Possible glaucoma noted, but may also be due to compressive, metabolic, or genetic optic neuropathy. MRI and lab tests ordered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07833", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07833.jpg", "filename": "data_07833.npz", "report": "Patient had follow-up for both eyes (ou). Orders placed for Humphrey Visual Field and optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 71.95, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON oph mc tech PERSON main campus PHONE_NUMBER follow-up return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for hvf 24-2, no dilation. orders placed this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had follow-up for both eyes (ou). Orders placed for Humphrey Visual Field and optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07834", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07834.jpg", "filename": "data_07834.npz", "report": "The patient, Riley, has a history of low-grade glioma but shows no signs of glaucoma. Intermittent eye issues are suspected to be ocular surface disease. Other conditions noted are dry eye syndrome, small angle exophoria, physiologic anisocoria and refractive errors.", "age": 23.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "evaluation, both optic nerve heads and macula have a normal appearance. an oct of the rnfl and ganglion cell complex is normal on both sides. in summary, riley has a history of a low grade glioma of the cervico-medullary junction. she reports intermittent episodes of her eyes 'not working together' which i suspected are related to ocular surface disease. there is no evidence of downbeat nystagmus and no significant ocular misalignment besides a very small angle exophoria, which is unlikely to cause her symptoms. in this context, i suggested her to use artificial tears on a regular basis and continue her routine follow up with her ophthalmologist. i will be pleased to see her again if needed. impression: 1. low grade cervico-medullary glioma -s/p resections in DATE_TIME -s/p 4 cycles of cis-retinoic acid also in DATE_TIME -s/p drainage of a cerebellar cyst in DATE_TIME. 2. dry eye syndrome 3. small angle exophoria 4. physiologic anisocoria (os > od) 5. refractive errors ou -corrected with eyeglasses and 6. pvd os ? recommendations: URLtificial tears 2. continue routine follow up with ophthalmologist 3. return to neuro-ophthalmology if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, Riley, has a history of low-grade glioma but shows no signs of glaucoma. Intermittent eye issues are suspected to be ocular surface disease. Other conditions noted are dry eye syndrome, small angle exophoria, physiologic anisocoria and refractive errors.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07835", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07835.jpg", "filename": "data_07835.npz", "report": "56-year-old woman has history of thyroid nodules and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). She was on Xalatan for IOP management, discontinued periodically to check IOP off medication. A history of ocular hypertension was noted, with pressures back to normal on repeat checkups. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 56.45, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "56 yo woman working at NRP consulate with history of thyroid nodules followed in past in LOCATION for elevated iops, started xalatan DATE_TIME saw dr. PERSONIME, missed her f/u visit no PERSON x DATE_TIME in DATE_TIME (left for LOCATION and needed hysterectomy for l ovarian tumor (was benign), had infection, needed re-op, emboli) \u00ff 1. hx ocular htn tmax 21/17 ou (DATE_TIME: 21/16 on repeat but initially 32/26). cct 580/573 (thick). PERSON (aunt). her brother is ophthalmologist in LOCATION gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: ou full. hvf DATE_TIME: od scattered borderline inferior losses. os full hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON. os full (fixation losses) DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou DATE_TIME: PERSON ou DATE_TIME: c/d look good, iop controlled on xalatan ou. will continue for now, d/c xalatan DATE_TIME before visit to check iop off gtts \u00ff DATE_TIME: called DATE_TIME to renew URLked her not to resume per plan to check iop off LOCATION. ran out of drops 9/10, asked for refill 9/19, then took only one dose on 9/22 because she was worried about not taking it. iop up to 20/16 from 15/17 DATE_TIME. given reassuring nerve appearance will observe off gtts \u00ff DATE_TIME: iop 28 ou in DATE_TIME off gtts, was restarted at that time and then ran out DATE_TIME. has been off LOCATION x DATE_TIME DATE_TIME. PERSON DATE_TIME. >> resume PERSON (refilled DATE_TIME) DATE_TIME: iop 18.5/17 on latanoprost >> continue latanoprost ou \u00ff 2. floaters ou \u00ff 3. lll lesion >> observe \u00ff 4. mild cataracts ou >> not visually significant wang, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "56-year-old woman has history of thyroid nodules and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). She was on Xalatan for IOP management, discontinued periodically to check IOP off medication. A history of ocular hypertension was noted, with pressures back to normal on repeat checkups. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07836", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07836.jpg", "filename": "data_07836.npz", "report": "Patient on tocilizumab and prednisone, with no evidence of inflammation. Sleep study recommended to identify risk factors and prevent right eye naion. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 48.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "additional treatment with tocilizumab without evidence that he has an inflammatory disorder, especially given that prednisone has not been of any benefit. he should schedule his sleep study as soon as possible in case this is a modifiable risk factor and to prevent an episode of naion in the right eye. recommendations: 1. return in DATE_TIME as disc edema is resolved 2. strongly favor discontinuing tocilizumab and tapering prednisone given lack of evidence of optic neuritis ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient on tocilizumab and prednisone, with no evidence of inflammation. Sleep study recommended to identify risk factors and prevent right eye naion. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07837", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07837.jpg", "filename": "data_07837.npz", "report": "51 y.o female has ocular hypertension with IOP 24/23 & corneal scars from past injury. No glaucoma noted.", "age": 51.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "51 y.o. female here for eye exam 1. was treated recently for hordeolum rul treated with warm compresses, doxycycline, tobradex oint 2. ocular hypertension iop 24/23 pachy 559/567: true iop same as measured DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou 3. corneal scars ou hx of injury DATE_TIME could be from cls or staph marginal monitor", "gpt4_summary": "51 y.o female has ocular hypertension with IOP 24/23 & corneal scars from past injury. No glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07838", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07838.jpg", "filename": "data_07838.npz", "report": "The patient has recurrent erosion syndrome and is receiving treatment. Glaucoma presence is suspected due to mildly enlarged cup to disk and a possible familial history, but suspicion is low due to normal optic nerve state & intraocular pressure.", "age": 67.36, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "other", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1) recurrent erosion syndrome od: previously followed by dr. PERSON and LOCATION. in DATE_TIME, his eyelid has stuck to his eye and he's had to pry his eye open at DATE_TIME. has been using artificial tears intermittently. had new erosion. started on: > moxifloxacin qid to od > polysporin ointment at night od > doxycycline 50 mg po DATE_TIME - prednisolone acetate add also and then all tapered with good results -is now on: muro-128 only and cornea looks healed with no inflammation - muro-128 ointment x DATE_TIME then can stop ------------------------------------- 2) glaucoma suspect based on very mildly enlarged cup to disk and ?fh (brother), no history of trauma or steroid use, low suspicion given optic nerve appearance, intraocular pressure normal. vf DATE_TIME within normal limits and oct nfl with no pathologic thinning ou. corneas are a little thin ou. PERSON is open ou. -will stop testing given stable tests. dfe: 9/20 vf: DATE_TIME gonio: 7/17 tmax: 14,15 cct: 511, 524 fhx: maybe 3. refractive error: has glasses for distance but rarely uses. patient having more trouble at near -give new rx - may get near as well 4. cataracts: stable. mild glare in the evenings with driving. 5. left lower lid lesion: pt reports has been present for >DATE_TIME. itchy occasionally. likely verruca. -can refer to eye plastics if he wants", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has recurrent erosion syndrome and is receiving treatment. Glaucoma presence is suspected due to mildly enlarged cup to disk and a possible familial history, but suspicion is low due to normal optic nerve state & intraocular pressure.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07839", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07839.jpg", "filename": "data_07839.npz", "report": "74-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, shows signs of ocular hypertension; has a family history of glaucoma. No diabetes-linked retinopathy found. She will start treatment for intraocular pressure control. Also noted are senile cataract and blepharitis. No mention of present glaucoma.", "age": 74.22, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "74 y.o. female with iddm (NRP in DATE_TIME, started insulin in DATE_TIME), hypertension, hyperlipidemia diabetes mellitus no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.0 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. >> blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged - ocular hypertension ou fam hx: +mother tmax: 25/26 cct: 506/509 gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb hvf : rnfl oct : disc photos: >> given ocular hypertension and +fam hx glaucoma, would plan for iop-lowering treatment. discussed options of LOCATION vs topical medications; she is interested in LOCATION will start timoptic xe ou qam until able to be seen in glaucoma (wishes to avoid pga due to cosmetic side effects) >> will need baseline glaucoma testing next visit >> glaucoma referral to discuss slt combined senile cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living >> observe blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction/dry eye syndrome ou eyes get tired and blurry after reading >> treatment with warm compresses, artificial tears discussed upper lid xanthelasma and dermatochalasis ou reports she underwent ?excision of xanthelasma lesions DATE_TIME but recurred >> eye plastics referral refractive error >> hold on prescription for new glasses hold on glaucoma referral for iop check on dc timoptic trail of latanoprost and to discuss slt hold oneye plastics referral for xanthelasma f/up with me in DATE_TIME iop check", "gpt4_summary": "74-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, shows signs of ocular hypertension; has a family history of glaucoma. No diabetes-linked retinopathy found. She will start treatment for intraocular pressure control. Also noted are senile cataract and blepharitis. No mention of present glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07840", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07840.jpg", "filename": "data_07840.npz", "report": "The patient has glaucoma among other conditions like osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, etc. They are prescribed Trusopt and Latanoprost for their eyes. Drop instructions given.", "age": 79.5, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "(taking) place 1 drop into each eye nightly. PERSON (trusopt) 2 % ophthalmic solution place 1 drop into each eye 2 (two) times a day. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes optic disc photos - ou - both eyes future labs/procedures complete by expires oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl as directed DATE_TIME condition list as of DATE_TIME irritant contact dermatitis blepharitis glaucoma hypertensive disorder PERSON's esophagus osteoarthritis osteoporosis shoulder joint pain results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none instructions the following instruction is based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. please take the following medications for your eyes as instructed: both eyes latanoprost 1 x at night dorzolamide 2 x please wait DATE_TIME between eye drops. if you have additional questions regarding your eye medications, please call PHONE_NUMBER if you saw dr. PERSON at Institution main campus, or PHONE_NUMBER (option 2) if you saw dr. PERSON at Institution. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has glaucoma among other conditions like osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, etc. They are prescribed Trusopt and Latanoprost for their eyes. Drop instructions given.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07841", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07841.jpg", "filename": "data_07841.npz", "report": "Patient has history of depressive disorder, type 2 neurofibromatosis, hearing loss, and vestibular schwannoma. Prescribed anxiety medication for MRI and Prednisone. Referred to ophthalmology, but no mention of glaucoma.", "age": 26.59, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "6 (DATE_TIME as needed for anxiety (for mri scan). take 1 tablet DATE_TIME prior to mri. can take additional 1/2 tablet if necessary prednisone (deltasone) 50 mg tablet take 1 tablet DATE_TIME prior to mri, 1 tablet DATE_TIME prior to mri, and 1 tablet DATE_TIME prior to mri. your orders normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology color fundus photography - ou - both eyes humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina, lesion condition list as of DATE_TIME depressive disorder history of type 2 neurofibromatosis hearing loss vestibular schwannoma research study patient results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of depressive disorder, type 2 neurofibromatosis, hearing loss, and vestibular schwannoma. Prescribed anxiety medication for MRI and Prednisone. Referred to ophthalmology, but no mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07842", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07842.jpg", "filename": "data_07842.npz", "report": "Patient has progressive lenses not updated recently, referred to optometry. Displays subtle optic neuropathy, OS. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.94, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. he also tells me that his progressive lenses have not been updated in DATE_TIME, which makes me suspect that he may need more reading add. i have referred him to optometry DATE_TIME, and i would like to reassess him in DATE_TIME. impression: 1. subtle optic neuropathy, os, ? etiology, static plan: 1. optometry referral 2. return to clinic in DATE_TIME (this note was prepared with the assistance of neuro-ophthalmology fellow PERSON, md)", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has progressive lenses not updated recently, referred to optometry. Displays subtle optic neuropathy, OS. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07843", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07843.jpg", "filename": "data_07843.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in the right eye and underwent a laser peripheral iridotomy in the right eye, but there is no glaucoma damage. If the patient decides to proceed, cataract extraction is suggested.", "age": 61.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# pacs ou, ? pac os intraocular pressure (iop) max 20 mm hg untreated - s/p laser peripheral iridotomy (lpi) od DATE_TIME - s/p ce/iol os 3/16, ho ocular hypertension os plan: iop acceptable ; + elevation of intraocular pressure right eye with dilation again DATE_TIME drop of timolol given no glaucoma damage ; vf is normal ce od when ready or if s/o progression, mildly vs at this time rtc 12 LOCATION, oct and bat, mrx do not dilate unless she would like to proceed with cataract extraction - use 0.5% trop return precautions and s/s acute attack discussed with patient", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in the right eye and underwent a laser peripheral iridotomy in the right eye, but there is no glaucoma damage. If the patient decides to proceed, cataract extraction is suggested.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07844", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07844.jpg", "filename": "data_07844.npz", "report": "74-year-old female patient with dry eyes, pseudophakia (artificial lens implants), and history of Plaquenil use is doing well overall. Anterior capsule changes suggest early pseudoexfoliation. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "age": 74.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "74 y.o. female here for follow-up: 1. dry eyes use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye \u00ff 2.\u00ffpseudophakia od doing well vision good \u00ff ? mild PERSON weakness during phaco DATE_TIME eye \u00ff 3. plaquenil use for DATE_TIME, on and off for DATE_TIME, continuously for the PERSON-4\u00ffyears - last hvf 10-2 in DATE_TIME with nonspecific defects ou - last oct DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME: small cyst od - oct macula DATE_TIME:\u00ffintraretinal fluid od, same as prior, normal os - oct macula DATE_TIME: normal ou - hvf 10-2 DATE_TIME: nonspecific defects ou - hvf 10-2 DATE_TIME:\u00ffnonspecific defects ou - hvf DATE_TIME:\u00ffnonspecific defects ou, worse os, worse than before but not very reliable hvf DATE_TIME: PERSON unreliable, inferior defects - no findings suggestive of toxicity, monitor, repeat tests in DATE_TIME \u00ff referred to retina, seen in DATE_TIME, plans to follow-up DATE_TIME with PERSON. not on plaquenil anymore \u00ff 4. PERSON defects ou - gonio with no sampolesi line - on appear ok, deep cup od - anterior capsule changes suggestive of possible early pseudoexfoliation - monitor oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od normal/ os borderline inf thinning \u00ff 5. pseudophakia os DATE_TIME doing well \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "74-year-old female patient with dry eyes, pseudophakia (artificial lens implants), and history of Plaquenil use is doing well overall. Anterior capsule changes suggest early pseudoexfoliation. No direct mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07845", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07845.jpg", "filename": "data_07845.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension in the right eye and moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Plan includes addition of brimonidine and regular check-ups. Mild cataracts present in both eyes.", "age": 74.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (formerly seen by ferris eye associates, LOCATION, then LOCATION eye associates) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: unknown / unknown central corneal thickness: 528 / 523 gonioscopy: d40f 2-3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior > inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: mild inferior arcuate family history: none steroids: inhaler trauma: none asthma/copd: asthma other medical history and problems: cva DATE_TIME, htn assessment/plan: 74 y.o. female # ocular hypertension, right eye; primary open angle glaucoma, moderate, left eye - oct stable; repeat vf os with mask taped looks better DATE_TIME and more stable vs DATE_TIME, possible that DATE_TIME had issues with mask fogging - iop acceptable od, borderline os - add brimonidine bid os, preferred this over selective laser trabeculoplasty after discussion of options - continue PERSON - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension in the right eye and moderate primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye. No glaucoma medication intolerances. Plan includes addition of brimonidine and regular check-ups. Mild cataracts present in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07846", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07846.jpg", "filename": "data_07846.npz", "report": "Clinical note indicates a dense left homonymous hemianopia with an unclear onset time. There's macular gcipl thinning in both eyes suggesting an optic tract lesion. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 43.83, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "(os) - left eye -11.03 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye -17.45 right eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -17.45 db. left eye reliability/fixation was good. mean deviation was calculated to be: -11.03 db. general details hemianopia: left homonymous. notes od: left hemianopia sparing along the inferior vertical os: left hemianopia sparing along the inferior vertical oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl, gcc right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. notes od: macular gcipl thinning temporally (avg thickness 75 microns). slight sparing above the fovea corresponds with sparing inferiorly in visual field testing. prnfl thinning inferotemporaly and superotemporally. os: macular gcipl thinning nasally (avg thickness 75 microns). slight sparing above the fovea corresponds with sparing inferiorly in visual field testing. prnfl thinning superotemporally. homonymous macular gcipl thinning suggestive of optic tract lesion. ? impression: mr. PERSON's exam shows a dense left homonymous hemianopia with an unclear time of onset. reportedly a head ct done in DATE_TIME was normal. he does not appreciate the visual field loss except when doing the testing and complains more of trouble focusing on objects. his fundus exam and oct show are consistent with a lesion involving the optic tract. i ordered an mri of the brain and orbits with and without contrast to assess the cause of his homonymous visual field loss. i will see him back within DATE_TIME, after the mri. ? recommendations: 1. mri brain and orbits +/- contrast 2. return within DATE_TIME, following mri ? PERSON, LOCATION note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care.", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note indicates a dense left homonymous hemianopia with an unclear onset time. There's macular gcipl thinning in both eyes suggesting an optic tract lesion. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07847", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07847.jpg", "filename": "data_07847.npz", "report": "73 y.o. male demonstrates diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, focal paracentral dme, well-controlled IOP, and cataract. Signs of glaucoma (NRP) are present with increased c:d ratio. No current treatment needed.", "age": 73.27, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "73 y.o. male 1. moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy both eyes with early, focal, paracentral dme both eyes. per retina: no interval change on oct. vision remains excellent. given good visual acuity and very focal nature of edema will not recommend treatment at this time. stress importance of aggressive blood pressure management in helping stabilize macular edema. s/p focal x2 os (dr. hughes DATE_TIME) f/u dr. kylstra as scheduled 2. NRP susp based on inc c:d ratio od>os cct average iop controlled ou hvf full ou oct od wnl oct os borderline stable ou dp stable iop controlled ou plan: continue to observe off treatment 3. cataract ou, nvs, observe 4. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/u 1 yr, mrx with bat, hvf, iop, LOCATION, oct and dp", "gpt4_summary": "73 y.o. male demonstrates diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, focal paracentral dme, well-controlled IOP, and cataract. Signs of glaucoma (NRP) are present with increased c:d ratio. No current treatment needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07848", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07848.jpg", "filename": "data_07848.npz", "report": "23 m has intermittent blurry vision and eye pain. Symptoms are nonretinal with no clear cause found. Possible neurologic etiology, referred to neuro-ophthalmology, likely ocular dryness. No glaucoma noted.", "age": 23.3, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "23 m for f/u from PERSON ed DATE_TIME with visual disturbance and eye pain, left eye DATE_TIME of various subjective visual disturbances but increasing in prominence in DATE_TIME: - fixed scotoma and mobile floater in the right eye - randomly seeing a brief flash of light across central vision, uncertain which eye - intermittent blurry vision in the left eye - intermittent pain in both eyes, one at a time, once a day but occurring randomly - ptosis lul x 2 wks - straight lines seem to vibrate when making quick saccade, occurs randomly - sees two well-defined diagonal lines in temporal periphery when dilated # various acute and subacute subjective visual disturbances, left eye. seem to be nonretinal in nature. exam and oct of nerve and retina unremarkable in both eyes for any corresponding objective findings (though pt dilated prior to my exam despite appt instructions) - i cannot explain etiologically his combination of symptoms. - possible neurologic etiology but no clear cause can be identified. - refer to neuro-ophthalmology next available for further evaluation. # intermittent pain and blurriness, left eye. likely separate cause from the other symptoms and likely due to ocular surface dryness. - recommended artificial tears qid prn", "gpt4_summary": "23 m has intermittent blurry vision and eye pain. Symptoms are nonretinal with no clear cause found. Possible neurologic etiology, referred to neuro-ophthalmology, likely ocular dryness. No glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07849", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07849.jpg", "filename": "data_07849.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, more severe in the left eye (OS). The optic nerves are cupped. Field loss and thinning could align with glaucoma, but progression despite good intraocular pressure control recommends MRI.", "age": 55.75, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visualized periphery ou. photography - DATE_TIME: optic nerves sharp, c:d 0.85 od, 0.95 os, healthy od, pale os. normal vessels, maculae, visualized periphery ou. oct -DATE_TIME: macular scan without inner retinal thinning corresponding to visual field loss. pprnfl good quality with g 63 od, 57 os with worst superior/inferior thinning. automated (humphrey) visual field testing - DATE_TIME hvf 24-2 fast od: 0 fl/fn, 3 fp, LOCATION, psd 2.23, shallow inferior arcuate loss os: 1 fl, 3 fp, 6 fn, md-6.25, psd 5.67, dense superior paracentral loss extending from the blind spot and more shallow, peripheral inferior > superior arcuate loss formulation: this DATE_TIME man with a history of poag ou since ~2005 with progression os despite reasonably low iops is referred for evaluation. he relates a stable course of vision loss os over DATE_TIME. the exam reveals acuities of 20/20 od and 20/30 os with trace LOCATION os and a subtle rapd. the optic nerves are cupped, more so os, and the rim os is slightly pale. automated perimetry reveals a likely shallow inferior arcuate defect od and a superior paracentral defect od with more subtle inferior and superior arcuate loss. DATE_TIME excluded remote brao. while the pattern of field loss and extreme cupping / rnfl thinning could comport with glaucoma, i agree that the progression of field loss - specifically with central loss - despite good iop control merits mri orbit with LOCATION and fta-abs. impression: 1. poag os>od 2. central/superior paracentral loss os since ~summer DATE_TIME despite low iops os recommendations: URLi orbit with gad 2. fta 3. DATE_TIME. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME. 5. return to see you as scheduled. sincerely, PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes, more severe in the left eye (OS). The optic nerves are cupped. Field loss and thinning could align with glaucoma, but progression despite good intraocular pressure control recommends MRI.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07850", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07850.jpg", "filename": "data_07850.npz", "report": "Patient has pyogenic granuloma RLL, responded to steroid antibiotic but increased in size again. Meibomian gland dysfunction, history of chalazia in both eyes, also has large c/d ratio in both eyes, and presbyopia. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "age": 57.96, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "# pyogenic granuloma RLL in the setting of previous hordeolum - initially responded to steroid antibiotic but again increased in size - discussed trying another round of ointment and possible excision RLL in minor procedure room > will try drops but also reserve the procedure room when he's back in LOCATION # Meibomian gland dysfunction, history of chalazia OU -recommend ATs QID, and lid scrubs # Large c/d ratio OU -No FHx, no elevated IOPs -OCT 06/9/21 - Full OU, OS slightly thinner than OD, but is stable DATE_TIME wnl both eyes - HVF 7/25/22 full ou -monitor with testing -pt also being monitored locally in LOCATION # Presbyopia OU - current glasses are fine", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pyogenic granuloma RLL, responded to steroid antibiotic but increased in size again. Meibomian gland dysfunction, history of chalazia in both eyes, also has large c/d ratio in both eyes, and presbyopia. No specific mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07851", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07851.jpg", "filename": "data_07851.npz", "report": "Patient has pre-diabetes with HbA1c level of 6.1%. Oral therapy and BP/BS control advised. Should start Latanoprost if changes indicate glaucoma progression. Referral for glaucoma considered.", "age": 63.05, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "oral therapy - advised bp/bs control hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 5.5% 4.2 - 5.8 % final hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 6.1 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. rtc DATE_TIME for repeat oct rnfl and hvf 24-2. if signs of progression at this point, start latanoprost or offer slt ou. consider glaucoma referral", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has pre-diabetes with HbA1c level of 6.1%. Oral therapy and BP/BS control advised. Should start Latanoprost if changes indicate glaucoma progression. Referral for glaucoma considered.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07852", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07852.jpg", "filename": "data_07852.npz", "report": "The note mentions optic nerve tests in both eyes, but doesn't specify glaucoma. Conditions listed: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.", "age": 74.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia gastroesophageal reflux disease results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The note mentions optic nerve tests in both eyes, but doesn't specify glaucoma. Conditions listed: hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07853", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07853.jpg", "filename": "data_07853.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma with visual field loss and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Trabeculectomy recommended, despite cataracts presence.", "age": 68.04, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "visual field loss and intraocular pressure too high both eyes. has tried most medications, intraocular pressure in DATE_TIME. recommend target be around 14 and would benefit from trabeculectomy. has some cataract but not much so do not think migs is best initial procedure.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma with visual field loss and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Trabeculectomy recommended, despite cataracts presence.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07854", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07854.jpg", "filename": "data_07854.npz", "report": "The female patient, a right-handed, has a history of seizures, abnormal MRI, psychosocial stressors, and is a glaucoma suspect. Her current screening showed non-specific defects in both eyes.", "age": 33.85, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "DATE_TIME female h/o right-handed female with a history of seizures, abnormal mri findings, and marked psychosocial stressors, glaucoma suspect presents for screening tests, 1. glaucoma suspect c/d ratio 0.5 results of DATE_TIME - cct DATE_TIME rnfl full - outside hvf full - ons with good rim oct: right eye reliability was good. left eye reliability was good. findings right eye normal left eye inferior was borderline. the other was normal. hvf: hvf mean deviation (os) - left eye -0.30 hvf mean deviation (od) - right eye +0.70 right eye reliability/fixation was poor mean deviation was calculated to be: +0.70 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects. left eye reliability/fixation was poor. mean deviation was calculated to be: -0.98 db. interpretation of the testing revealed: non-specific defects order oct and hvf, rtc in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The female patient, a right-handed, has a history of seizures, abnormal MRI, psychosocial stressors, and is a glaucoma suspect. Her current screening showed non-specific defects in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07855", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07855.jpg", "filename": "data_07855.npz", "report": "77 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to narrow angles and c/d asymmetry. Has had lpi procedures done. Also has mild cataract, choroidal nevus, and posterior vitreous detachment.", "age": 77.08, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "77 y.o. male 1. narrow angles, s/p lpi od DATE_TIME, s/p lpi os DATE_TIME, plateau iris configuration lpi patent ou and iop controlled aacg warnings 2. glaucoma suspect based on c:d asymmetry od>os, PERSON maternal aunt + glaucoma tmax unknown hvf reliable and full ou oct wnl ou dp stable iop controlled ou observe 3. mild cataract is present that is not visually significant. observation at this time was recommended. 4. choroidal nevus od, stable, observe 5. posterior vitreous detachment ou: no retinal holes, tears, or detachment on exam. retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. 6. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. f/u DATE_TIME, check mrx, iop, gonio, hvf, then dilate by md, oct and dp letter to pcp", "gpt4_summary": "77 y.o. male, glaucoma suspect due to narrow angles and c/d asymmetry. Has had lpi procedures done. Also has mild cataract, choroidal nevus, and posterior vitreous detachment.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07856", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07856.jpg", "filename": "data_07856.npz", "report": "Patient referred from ER for lens particle glaucoma, had persistent iritis, cme and elevated iop after cataract extraction. Also has steroid response issue in left eye. No known glaucoma history.", "age": 60.25, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME. then PERSON on DATE_TIME. referred from er for evaluation for lens particle glaucoma. previously followed by dr. PERSON in nh has had persistent iritis, cme and elevated iop after ce iol os DATE_TIME with a reported retained lens fragment os. pt would like to transfer care to PERSON now diagnosis: h/o PERSON from lens fragment glaucoma os, steroid response os target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / 31 ( ) 39 per outside records on DATE_TIME central corneal thickness: / per outside records gonioscopy: PERSON with pas on DATE_TIME (walled-off inferior gray spot, perhaps retained cortex?) but ac quiet refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: 0.25 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: 0.15 visual fields on initial visit right eye: pending visual fields on initial visit left eye: pending medication history and intolerances at first visit: combigan bid os, dorzolamide tid os, diamox 500mg er bid PERSON glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: ce iol os DATE_TIME dr. PERSON), was told there was a retained lens fragment os other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: cme os family history: none steroids: topical and LOCATION's kenalog DATE_TIME trauma: none asthma: asthma when child, sleep apnea; no current lung problems other medical history and problems: none # hx of cme os after ce iol - s/p subtenon's kenalog DATE_TIME - prior doctors held prostaglandins given concern for inflammation/cme prior os # erm os plan: continue combigan bid os dorzolamide bid os stop diamox 500mg rtc: DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME with dr. PERSON for iop check off diamox", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred from ER for lens particle glaucoma, had persistent iritis, cme and elevated iop after cataract extraction. Also has steroid response issue in left eye. No known glaucoma history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07857", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07857.jpg", "filename": "data_07857.npz", "report": "Patient has left eye cataract and suspected glaucoma due to eye cupping, but no iop elevation. Normal OCT, cortical blindness in superior left field due to CVA.", "age": 83.95, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "imp: cataract left eye>od glaucoma suspect by cupping ou - but thick cct; no iop elevation; overall normal oct; hvf with left superior homonomous quadrantanopia secondary to cva; stable NRP error plan: rx=m glasses disc poss cat surg os yrly with hvf/rnfl oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has left eye cataract and suspected glaucoma due to eye cupping, but no iop elevation. Normal OCT, cortical blindness in superior left field due to CVA.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07858", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07858.jpg", "filename": "data_07858.npz", "report": "The note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information about glaucoma.", "age": 61.16, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "prn PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, phd", "gpt4_summary": "The note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including any information about glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07859", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07859.jpg", "filename": "data_07859.npz", "report": "Patient Maureen Long had a follow-up eye exam. Vision readings showed IOP right 20/50-2 J1 11 and left 20/25 J1 12. She is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes.", "age": 65.86, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME PERSON, LOCATION LOCATION st roxbury ma 02119 patient: maureen long mr number: NUMBER date of birth: DATE_TIME date of visit: DATE_TIME dear dr. PERSON: i saw our mutual patient, PERSON, for a follow-up eye examination. please find below a summary of the examination, assessment, and plan. thank you for allowing me to participate in this patient's care. vision readings for this visit: va distance LOCATION distance cc va near LOCATION near cc iop right 20/50-2 j1 11 left 20/25 j1 12 assessment and plan: 65 f hx htn, hld, breast ca, s/p sleeve gastrectomy here for follow up of glaucoma suspect, lost to f/u since DATE_TIME \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes. [ fhx: mother and grandmother [ cct: 573/564 [ rnfl oct DATE_TIME: reliable, full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression, nonspecific ou (pt noted to be falling asleep during test - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. \u00ff # hx periorbital contusion, l side (DATE_TIME), in setting of previous orbital surgery DATE_TIME. , with persistent pain/tenderness, since resolved \u00ff # hx graves disease with thyroid eye disease, s/p surgery for proptosis and ptosis, left eye (DATE_TIME) \u00ff # refractive error, needs glasses for distance as well as for reading. - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year, sooner prn if you have questions, please do not hesitate to call me. i look forward to following PERSON along with you. sincerely,PERSON no recipients", "gpt4_summary": "Patient Maureen Long had a follow-up eye exam. Vision readings showed IOP right 20/50-2 J1 11 and left 20/25 J1 12. She is a glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07860", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07860.jpg", "filename": "data_07860.npz", "report": "33-year-old female with celiac disease, glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes but more prominent in the right. Mild congenital cataract in both eyes; no intervention required. Also has blurred vision and ocular sensitivity.", "age": 34.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "33 f hx celiac dz for glaucoma suspect f/u. # glaucoma suspect with borderline cup/disc asymmetry, right > left eye [ fhx: mother [ cct: 497,493 [ oct DATE_TIME: borderline supnas thinning od, borderline temp thinning os (stable vs DATE_TIME) [ hvf DATE_TIME: full ou - reassuring f/u testing DATE_TIME. - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # intermittent blurry vision with ocular sensitivity, likely related in large part to ocular surface irritation. significantly improved. - continue preservative-free artificial tears - discussed taking breaks and frequent blinking while at computer or reading - f/u with optometrist for contact lenses. # mild congenital cataract, both eyes. not visually significant in both eyes. - continue to monitor. # family history of age-related macular degeneration (father, father's mother) - no evidence of age-related macular degeneration. # refractive error, doing well with current glasses. - f/u with optometry for contact lenses. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "33-year-old female with celiac disease, glaucoma suspect due to borderline cup/disc asymmetry in both eyes but more prominent in the right. Mild congenital cataract in both eyes; no intervention required. Also has blurred vision and ocular sensitivity.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07861", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07861.jpg", "filename": "data_07861.npz", "report": "Mr. PERSON, after cataract extractions suffered from macular edema and visual loss OD. He doesn't show symptoms of temporal arteritis. His right optic disc edema with hemorrhages led to non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) OD. No sign of glaucoma.", "age": 81.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "in summary, mr. PERSON recently had sequential cataract extractions in DATE_TIME, complicated by bilateral PERSON macular edema. on DATE_TIME he presented with inferior vision loss od, and was found to have right optic disc edema with peripapillary hemorrhages. since that time, the vision in that eye has not improved. he feels physically well, with no symptoms to suggest temporal arteritis, and inflammatory markers were not elevated. the neuro-ophthalmic exam shows symmetric visual acuities of 20/50 ou but correctable os to 20/30, with mild right dyschromatopsia and rapd. there is still an inferior altitudinal visual field defect od; in addition, there is nasal depression os. the right optic nerve is no longer swollen, and has developed segmental pallor superiorly. the left cup:disc ratio is of average size. my overall impression is: non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (naion) od. there is a higher risk after cataract surgery. we discussed that likely there will be some permanent impairment in visual field od. in addition, there is a small risk of ipsilateral recurrence, and a moderate risk of contralateral occurrence of the same problem. my plan is: - no further workup or treatment is indicated . we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Mr. PERSON, after cataract extractions suffered from macular edema and visual loss OD. He doesn't show symptoms of temporal arteritis. His right optic disc edema with hemorrhages led to non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) OD. No sign of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07862", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07862.jpg", "filename": "data_07862.npz", "report": "Patient reviewed for cataract extraction, has functional difficulties, suffers from glare. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 75.69, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "long review of cataract extraction and low risk but decision is ultimately based on her function. she has lots of glare and difficulty at DATE_TIME and going into tunnels. will post case for DATE_TIME and she will think this over.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient reviewed for cataract extraction, has functional difficulties, suffers from glare. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07863", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07863.jpg", "filename": "data_07863.npz", "report": "Patient previously diagnosed with ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma, diagnosed around age 8. Family history includes mother with glaucoma. Taking Travatan for treatment. No current eye problems. Return to clinic for check-up.", "age": 27.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, former pasquale patient diagnosis: ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma diagnosed at around age of 8 target iop: 23/23, tmax: 28 ( ) / 28 ( ) central corneal thickness: / corneal hysteresis: 6.9 / 7.8* gonioscopy: open to cbb refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: travatan glaucoma procedures right eye: glaucoma procedures left eye: other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother with glaucoma at young age steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: depression, anxiety ptsd initial note: ocular hypertension with healthy nerves, mother with glaucoma has central corneal thickness 547/533, treated with travatan. plan: intraocular pressure acceptable both eyes, continue current treatment - optical coherence tomography and PERSON visual field normal and stable both eyes - continue travatan qhs both eyes return to clinic in DATE_TIME for optical coherence tomography both eyes i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - PERSON i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient previously diagnosed with ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma, diagnosed around age 8. Family history includes mother with glaucoma. Taking Travatan for treatment. No current eye problems. Return to clinic for check-up.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07864", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07864.jpg", "filename": "data_07864.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 85.24, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition or the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07865", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07865.jpg", "filename": "data_07865.npz", "report": "The 76-year-old male patient is suspected of having glaucoma. His intraocular pressure is normal. He has thin inferior optic nerve fibers in the right eye and might have laser-induced damage. He also has type 2 diabetes. The patient is recommended to have yearly eye exams and follow up with a retina team for further evaluation.", "age": 76.55, "gender": "male", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a 76 y.o. . male ? old rd od atrophic holes temporally ?need for barrier laser pigmentary changes look old patient denies laser treatments early apd od refer to retina team for eval glaucoma suspect risks include dm, c/d asym iop is wnl, tcorr is +1 ou oct rnfl slightly thin infrior od hvf 24-2: ?some homonomous changes vs testing error will repeat at retina visit. if homonomous changes continue will connect with neuro if glaucoma change he can follow up with glaucoma type 2 dm no bdr seen on exam. strict blood sugar control, cholesterol and bp encouraged. recommend YEARLY eye exams. hemoglobin a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME 7.2 (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. posterior vitreous detachment ou warned of RD/rt sx's rtc for new floaters, flashes, or curtains pseudophakia ou - 5 to 6 years ago looks good follow up with retina for eval hvf 24-2", "gpt4_summary": "The 76-year-old male patient is suspected of having glaucoma. His intraocular pressure is normal. He has thin inferior optic nerve fibers in the right eye and might have laser-induced damage. He also has type 2 diabetes. The patient is recommended to have yearly eye exams and follow up with a retina team for further evaluation.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07866", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07866.jpg", "filename": "data_07866.npz", "report": "The patient has no family history of glaucoma and no signs of glaucoma observed. Despite uneven response to Xalatan eye drops, intraocular pressure (IOP) is excellent. Latanoprost will be discontinued with a follow-up IOP check in 3 months.", "age": 51.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "33/28, no family history - no significant AC reaction, KP, or PAS noted - angle open OU on gonio DATE_TIME with no PAS - healthy appearing optic discs with nl HVF OU - excellent response to xal OD, but hardly any effect OS; still unclear why, pt reports good compliance with drops, no definite PAS OS, no IOP rise post-dilation OU, no cell OS - hx of genital herpes treated with prophylactic valtrex in the past; ?prior ocular herpes OS though no stigmata on exam - goal IOP <21 - wary about SLT if any component of subclinical trabeculitis but still no stigmata of ocular HSV OS and willing to try SLT OD first to see if any effect if need be in the future Current Assessment & Plan IOP excellent on latanoprost alone We had discussed a drug holiday given good nerve appearance, stable testing, and extremely good response to latanoprost high 20s --> 10-12 Plan: stop latanoprost Follow-up IOP check in 3 months Relevant Medications latanoprost (XALATAN) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution Other Relevant Orders Humphrey Visual Field - OU - Both Eyes (Completed) OCT, Optic Nerve - OU - Both Eyes - Cirrus (Completed) PERSON, MD DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has no family history of glaucoma and no signs of glaucoma observed. Despite uneven response to Xalatan eye drops, intraocular pressure (IOP) is excellent. Latanoprost will be discontinued with a follow-up IOP check in 3 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07867", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07867.jpg", "filename": "data_07867.npz", "report": "The 79-year-old patient has ocular hypertension, thick corneas, and non-specific visual field defects. No family history of glaucoma was noted. She was previously on Xalatan for eye health, but discontinued due to cost. Currently, there's a 10-15% risk of glaucoma development, but patient prefers observation over treatment. Cataract is also present.\n", "age": 79.92, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "79 yo woman with history of htn, hyperlipidemia, migraines, vascular dementia, s/p submassive pe DATE_TIME (had been in rehab) PERSON here DATE_TIME \u00ff 1. ocular hypertension ou tm 24 ou. cct 626/624 (thick). no fhx glaucoma gonio DATE_TIME open to ss 360 gonio DATE_TIME: ss inferiorly and superiorly ou, otw ptm ou gonio DATE_TIME: open to ptm 360 ou hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses, enlarged bs. os inferior rim losses, sns/early sa (new) hvf DATE_TIME: od full, os scattered non-specific defects hvf DATE_TIME: od superior rim losses. os full hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os isolated LOCATION borderline depression (new) hvf DATE_TIME: od isolated sn depression and paracentral depression. os full hvf DATE_TIME od full. os ?early nasal step (stable since DATE_TIME, seen in hvf since 11/05 but variable) DATE_TIME: DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou - trial xalatan in DATE_TIME with good response, she self-discontinued drops given price -DATE_TIME: given stable appearance of nerve will continue to observe for now 10-15% DATE_TIME risk of glaucoma developing based on ohts study. discussed with patient observation vs. treatment and patient would like to observe. can consider slt in future if patient does not want to use drops. >> repeat hvf in DATE_TIME. if reproducible vf defect, will consider PERSON vs. slt \u00ff 2. cataract ou -updated mrx DATE_TIME \u00ff 3. corneal guttata ou: no edema, no diurnal variation -thick cct, stable in past cct DATE_TIME: 626/624 cct DATE_TIME: 624/614 cct DATE_TIME: 639/622 cct DATE_TIME: 629/624 (stable)", "gpt4_summary": "The 79-year-old patient has ocular hypertension, thick corneas, and non-specific visual field defects. No family history of glaucoma was noted. She was previously on Xalatan for eye health, but discontinued due to cost. Currently, there's a 10-15% risk of glaucoma development, but patient prefers observation over treatment. Cataract is also present.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07868", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07868.jpg", "filename": "data_07868.npz", "report": "The patient has worsening glaucoma, with disc hemorrhage noticed in both eyes. Trabeculectomy was recommended, and was successful in the right eye. The pressure in the left eye is slightly up but mostly stable. Brinzolamide is prescribed for treatment.", "age": 69.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "left eye. disc hemorrhage noted DATE_TIME inferior right eye received data from ocb and he clearly has gotten worse since DATE_TIME and with disc hemorrhage present DATE_TIME right eye recommend trabeculectomy \u00ff current assessment & plan intraocular pressure excellent right eye after trabeculectomy left eye slightly up, but mostly stable humphrey visual field mostly stable DATE_TIME both eyes. continue brinzolamide three times a day relevant medications brinzolamide (PERSON) 1 % ophthalmic suspension other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop check, cirrus ou.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has worsening glaucoma, with disc hemorrhage noticed in both eyes. Trabeculectomy was recommended, and was successful in the right eye. The pressure in the left eye is slightly up but mostly stable. Brinzolamide is prescribed for treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07869", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07869.jpg", "filename": "data_07869.npz", "report": "Patient previously had SLT procedure for both eyes and has early glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected in left. Also shows optic nerve thinning in both eyes. Medication intolerances include latanoprost due to iris pigment change.", "age": 68.55, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. previously followed by 2 ophthalmologists in mystic, ct. PERSON was 23 ou. she had slt od many years ago, and slt os in DATE_TIME. she was recommended latanoprost vs repeat LOCATION in DATE_TIME and wanted a second opinion. diagnosis: early glaucoma od, glaucoma suspect os target iop: / , tmax: 23 ou central corneal thickness: 536 / 546 gonioscopy: cbb ou, faint tm refractive error: od -PHONE_NUMBER 115 / os LOCATION . sphere . optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): superior thinning, mostly full optic nerve/rnfl findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): inferior thinning, mostly full visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): trace scattered defects, mostly full visual fields on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): trace scattered defects, mostly full medication history at first visit: latanoprost 1/0 medication intolerances: latanoprost (iris pigment change), timolol (no iop lowering) glaucoma procedures right eye: slt glaucoma procedures left eye: slt other eye procedures right eye: other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: mother steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: assessment: 1. early poag od, glaucoma suspect os -oct rnfl DATE_TIME stable to the baseline -iop goal < 18 od, < 20 os, at goal -discussed possibly getting iop checks locally and seeing me for testing 2. cataracts ou -not yet visually significant 3. refractive error ou -using mrx plan: -continue dorzolamide 2/0 (refilled) rtc DATE_TIME for iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient previously had SLT procedure for both eyes and has early glaucoma in right eye, glaucoma suspected in left. Also shows optic nerve thinning in both eyes. Medication intolerances include latanoprost due to iris pigment change.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07870", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07870.jpg", "filename": "data_07870.npz", "report": "43-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged c/d ratio. Test results include normal hvf and oct, IOP at 17/17, c/d ratio of 0.60 OD and 0.55 OS, mild diffuse thinning in both eyes, and no defects present. History of corneal scar and myopia astigmatism. Scheduled for follow-up in 1 year.", "age": 43.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "43 yro female for DATE_TIME ce and f/u glaucoma suspect ou testing 1. glaucoma suspect ou secondary to enlarged c/d ratio ou - (-)fhx - has been f/u at harvard vanguard for DATE_TIME with hvf and oct; normal finding per pt - iop DATE_TIME: 17/17 - cct in DATE_TIME: 581/581 - c/d ratio: od:0.60 ; os:0.55 ; PERSON oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline inf ou; normal other quadrants - avg rnfl: 81/85 od/os - oct gcc DATE_TIME: mild diffuse thinning od, temporal thinning os - photo in DATE_TIME: shows enlarged c/d ratio - hvf both eyes DATE_TIME: reliable od, mild reliability os, no defects present ou 2. corneal scar os - h/o corneal abrasion os by a frisbee at DATE_TIME. - monitor 3. myopia astigmatism ou - updated srx - pt prefers to remove glasses for extended reading rtc 1 year for dfe and repeat hvf, oct rnfl and gcc sydney krisa, od optometry resident attending: i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "43-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect due to an enlarged c/d ratio. Test results include normal hvf and oct, IOP at 17/17, c/d ratio of 0.60 OD and 0.55 OS, mild diffuse thinning in both eyes, and no defects present. History of corneal scar and myopia astigmatism. Scheduled for follow-up in 1 year.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07871", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07871.jpg", "filename": "data_07871.npz", "report": "Ms. DATE_TIME has mild right-sided optic neuritis & multiple sclerosis as confirmed by MRI. Current plan includes vitamin D supplementation. No indication of glaucoma noted.", "age": 54.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "i personally met with ms. DATE_TIME at the Institution ew DATE_TIME. we reviewed her clinical presentation, which is consistent with mild right-sided optic neuritis. we reviewed the images of her mri (radiology read not available yet), and this confirms the right-sided optic neuritis. in addition, there are multiple other supra- and infratentorial t2-bright white matter lesions, several radially oriented to the ventricles, and at least one of these is contrast enhancing. this establishes a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. my plan: - discussed but decided to defer treating optic neuritis with steroids - mayo cds1 panel - vitamin d supplementation 2000-5000 iu/day - will establish care in my Institution neurology clinic. PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of comprehensive neurology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution", "gpt4_summary": "Ms. DATE_TIME has mild right-sided optic neuritis & multiple sclerosis as confirmed by MRI. Current plan includes vitamin D supplementation. No indication of glaucoma noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07872", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07872.jpg", "filename": "data_07872.npz", "report": "46yo patient with history of headaches, vision changes, and suspected glaucoma. Current eye pressure of 14 in both eyes and a c/d ratio of 0.2. Patient also has amblyopia in the right eye, dry eyes and floaters in the left eye.", "age": 46.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "46 yo patient last seen DATE_TIME \u00ff headache with vision changes - has been told migraines, improving with chiropractor \u00ff glaucoma suspect (? why; told in the past) >tcurrent: 14 ou; 15, 13 prev 13,12 prev 15, 14 prev 12/10 prev 12/12 >tmax: 15,14 >tgoal: >c/d ratio: 0.2 >gonio: >cct: 573, 560 >oct: full rims ou DATE_TIME >hvf: reliable and full ou DATE_TIME >family history: ? maternal grandmother \u00ff>optic nerve photos: >gonio: previously: open to ptm 4 quadrants ou plan: continue to observe \u00ff floaters os--stable - retinal detachment precautions discussed. patient will contact our office immediately for new flashing lights, floaters or a curtain coming over the vision; if unable to get appointment to be seen or during non-business hours, patient will go to Institution ew for exam. \u00ff amblyopia od - secondary to childhood strabismus od - discussed monocular precautions - glasses should be polycarbonate \u00ff contact lenses - wears DATE_TIME cls rarely; less now because of dryness \u00ff now on tamoxifen - mac DATE_TIME normal foveal contour ou - deferred dilation DATE_TIME due to dryness; will dilate DATE_TIME \u00ff dry eyes: improving, uses ats and will add zaditor or pataday \u00ff >next visit: DATE_TIME, hvf, mac oct, NRP, mrx _____________________ PERSON, md, mph comprehensive ophthalmology LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "46yo patient with history of headaches, vision changes, and suspected glaucoma. Current eye pressure of 14 in both eyes and a c/d ratio of 0.2. Patient also has amblyopia in the right eye, dry eyes and floaters in the left eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07873", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07873.jpg", "filename": "data_07873.npz", "report": "The patient is a 55-year-old female with ocular hypertension. Optic nerve appears suspicious and OCT RNFL results show thinning. No known family history of glaucoma. Recent HVF test results unreliable and non-specific. Patient has history of strabismus surgery and high astigmatism. Also, has dry eyes. Glaucoma is unconfirmed.", "age": 55.15, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "55 y.o. female presenting for follow-up visit. 1. ocular hypertension/ PERSON today 24/17 t max: 26/27 no known family hx optic nerve looks suspicious PERSON: true iop lower than measured oct rnfl DATE_TIME: sup, PERSON and nasal thinning ou, od worse oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: sup, PERSON, nasal thinning/ os: PERSON and nasal thin disc photos DATE_TIME hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable os, od with early inferior nasal step hvf DATE_TIME: od: sns, ins/ os: non-specific (both unreliable) rec: - change to LOCATION qhs ou (could not tolerate cosopt, was burning) - iop check in DATE_TIME, refraction, iop check 2. hx of strabismus surgery od as a child 3. refractive error. high astigmatism od likely some amblyopia od mrx given DATE_TIME. dry eyes use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 55-year-old female with ocular hypertension. Optic nerve appears suspicious and OCT RNFL results show thinning. No known family history of glaucoma. Recent HVF test results unreliable and non-specific. Patient has history of strabismus surgery and high astigmatism. Also, has dry eyes. Glaucoma is unconfirmed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07874", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07874.jpg", "filename": "data_07874.npz", "report": "Patient has diabetic retinopathy with microaneurysms and bilateral visual field constriction of unclear cause, pseudophakia ou, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism. Tests planned to rule out rod dystrophy and vitamin deficiency. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 62.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "angiography that showed microaneurysms with some leakage, consistent with diabetic retinopathy; there was a zone of staining corresponding to the peripapillary thickening od; the findings were discussed and reviewed with retina and it was suggested to follow these findings. in summary, this patient has bilateral visual field constriction of unclear etiology; there is evidence of mild PERSON ou, but the visual field loss seems out of proportion to the exam findings. since she has pronounced difficulty navigating in low light situation, i will obtain a ff erg to rule out an occult rod dystrophy. i will call her with the results. i will also test vitamin a and vitamin e deficiency. i will see her again in DATE_TIME with a repeated neuro-ophthalmic exam, before if needed. i will perform a goldmann vf to see if we can get more reliable results. impression: 1. decreased LOCATION and vf ou of unclear etiology -mri brain and orbits with contrast reportedly normal -rule out occult retinal degeneration 2. pseudophakia ou 3. PERSON, hyperlipidemia 4. hypothyroidism. ? recommendations: 1. PERSON. cbc, vitamin DATE_TIME. follow up in DATE_TIME, before if needed. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has diabetic retinopathy with microaneurysms and bilateral visual field constriction of unclear cause, pseudophakia ou, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism. Tests planned to rule out rod dystrophy and vitamin deficiency. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07875", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07875.jpg", "filename": "data_07875.npz", "report": "The patient was referred to ophthalmology and underwent Humphrey visual field test and OCT, optic nerve test for both eyes. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "age": 52.21, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "legally separated", "note": "normal orders this visit ambulatory referral to Institution ophthalmology humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc optic disc photos - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME mantoux: positive obesity lateral epicondylitis hyperlipidemia results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient was referred to ophthalmology and underwent Humphrey visual field test and OCT, optic nerve test for both eyes. Glaucoma is not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07876", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07876.jpg", "filename": "data_07876.npz", "report": "The patient is a 70-year-old male who is a glaucoma suspect. Currently, he is on no glaucoma medicines and has no glaucoma drug allergies. His intraocular pressure is stable and his optic nerves appear to be normal. The major findings were cataract, pterygium and refractive errors.\n", "age": 70.33, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "onto conrea w pigmentation pterygium 2.5mm onto nasal cornea w pigmentation anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens 3+ milky ns 3+ milky ns vitreous normal normal fundus exam right left disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.45 0.4 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis add right +1.25 sphere LOCATION left LOCATION -0.50 069 +2.25 manifest refraction sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right NRP sphere 20/20-1 +2.50 j1+ left +0.75 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j1+ final rx sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right NRP sphere 20/20-1 +2.50 j1+ left +0.75 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.50 j1+ expiration date: DATE_TIME assessment and plan: 70 y.o. male with pmhx htn, pre-dm, hld, obesity new pt to me on DATE_TIME, prior pt of PERSON presents for eye exam # glaucoma suspect - glaucoma meds: PERSON: none - glauc drug allergies: none - iop 19/21 - tmax (DATE_TIME) 17/22 - gonio (pending) - pachy (DATE_TIME): 575/587 - hx eye surg or lasers: none hvf DATE_TIME: unreliable od, reliable os, od nonspecific with good md; os nonspecific w good PERSON DATE_TIME: mod reliable, od normal; os possible early inf nasal step, monitor DATE_TIME: PERSON, os wnl DATE_TIME> no e/o vision loss, but mild cupping ou relatively symmetric. iop stable. hvf unreliable od and oct rnfl stable as well. will monitor >> continue latanoprost qhs ou # cataract ou - likely becoming visually significnat >> monitor # pterygium ou - 1.5mm od, 2.5mm os >> monitor # refractive error >> mrx stable rtc DATE_TIME dilate mrx hvf oct rnfl iop app PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 70-year-old male who is a glaucoma suspect. Currently, he is on no glaucoma medicines and has no glaucoma drug allergies. His intraocular pressure is stable and his optic nerves appear to be normal. The major findings were cataract, pterygium and refractive errors.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07877", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07877.jpg", "filename": "data_07877.npz", "report": "Female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 is a glaucoma suspect with family history of glaucoma from her father. She has dry eye, age-related combined cataracts, non-visually significant pterygia, lisch nodules, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia.", "age": 70.78, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "DATE_TIME. female with h/o neurofibromatosis type 1 returns for glaucmoa suspect testing. last cee with me on DATE_TIME. accompanied by son, PERSON assessment: 1. glaucoma suspect 2/2 c/d ratio ou - +fhx of glaucoma: father - iop 19/20 - angles open ou (vh) - followed previously as glaucoma suspect with other eye care providers; no prev findings of glaucoma per pt - DATE_TIME: retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography: no thinning ou ganglion cell complex: inferior thinning od (poor scan quality; possibly from interference from PERSON) automated perimetry 24-2: appears to be rim artifact od>os. repeat in DATE_TIME to see if vf defects are repeatable vs artifact - monitor 2. dry eye ou, PERSON ou - recommend at qid ou (currently DATE_TIME prn) - recommend warm compresses bid x DATE_TIME 3. age-related combined cataracts ou - cortical spoke approaching visual axis ou - denies halos or glare around lights, distance blur - bcva 20/25 od, os - monitor 4. pterygia ou - longstanding and non-visually significant ou, per pt - denies irritation - recommend at prn ou - monitor 5. lisch nodules ou - in setting of LOCATION - monitor 6. PERSON. hyperopia ou, astigmatism ou, presbyopia - wears sv reading only; denies blur at distance - updated spec rx = mrx; bcva 20/25 od, os - improvement in vision at dist/near in trial-frame - discussed options for LOCATION/lined bifocal/pal; pt prefers svl plan: - rtc in DATE_TIME for repeat glaucoma testing as above", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 is a glaucoma suspect with family history of glaucoma from her father. She has dry eye, age-related combined cataracts, non-visually significant pterygia, lisch nodules, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07878", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07878.jpg", "filename": "data_07878.npz", "report": "Male patient, hereditary risk for glaucoma (father with glaucoma). Presents with enlarged optic nerve cup and significant thinning. Determinant whether congenital or acquired unclear.", "age": 54.11, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this is a male presenting with *** my examination ***. automated perimetry ***. [auxillary testing] overall, congenitally enlarged cup optic nerve cup large quantitative thinning father with glaucoma however we dont have a history congenital vs acquired difficult to reconcile definitely subject to personal judgment for interpretation PERSON impression: 1. 2. plan: 1. 2. return to clinic in DATE_TIME this note was prepared with the assistance of carolina chiou md, neuro-ophthalmology resident. PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient, hereditary risk for glaucoma (father with glaucoma). Presents with enlarged optic nerve cup and significant thinning. Determinant whether congenital or acquired unclear.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07879", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07879.jpg", "filename": "data_07879.npz", "report": "The pt. has mild, stable cataracts in left eye, eye pain, pressure, blurry vision, neuralgia & sinus disease, dry eyes with blepharitis in both eyes, & is under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure. Pt also has a slight refractive change.", "age": 71.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "1. s/p phaco od: stable ?? 2. cataract os: mild, stable and unclear visual potential with h/o of macular hole - continue to observe but may choose to do it in DATE_TIME ?? 3. eye pain/pressure / blurry vision od: stable - saw neurologist in past, no pain with eye movement, some facial pain, no improvement s/p ?right lower lid punctal plug, warm compresses prn dry eyes, evaluated by dr. mukai & dr. PERSON (per pt report, not in lmr) - unclear etiology; no clear etiology to date, and eye pain persists, but less bothersome with chronicity. neuralgia? sinus disease? had ct scan which was benign except for some mild mucosal thickening. -follow 4. blepharitis/dry eyes ou: ?right lower lid punctal plug in place. having significant crusting and irritation os>od especially in the am. there is blepharitis on exam and a mild, hopefully reactive/spactic entropion of the left lower lid. better now after a course of tobradex and better lid hygiene - warm compress with baby shampoo lid scrubs bid ou - pt wants to see eye plastics for entropion - cont restasis ou bid ? 5. glaucoma suspect ou (incr ?cup/disc): pachymetry 585, 565; ?intraocular pressure normal and stable;? humphrey visual field DATE_TIME stable ou with some nonspecific inferior defects os, optical coherence tomography DATE_TIME stable ou. - repeat testing DATE_TIME, but could stop in DATE_TIME dfe: 8/20 vf: 8/20 oct: DATE_TIME cct: 585, 565 tmax: 17,17 gonio: 12/04 no fhx glaucoma ?? DATE_TIME/o retinal tear s/p pneumo, macular pseudohole os, ?epiretinal membrane os, appears stable, vision slightly decreased os. - ?retinal detachment precautions - f/u dr. PERSON as scheduled ? 7. refractive: slight change - provide with updated rx for glasses DATE_TIME ? 8. posterior vitreous detachment ou: stable - ?retinal detachment precautions", "gpt4_summary": "The pt. has mild, stable cataracts in left eye, eye pain, pressure, blurry vision, neuralgia & sinus disease, dry eyes with blepharitis in both eyes, & is under suspicion for glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure. Pt also has a slight refractive change.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07880", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07880.jpg", "filename": "data_07880.npz", "report": "Patient suffered eye trauma, causing symptoms including light sensitivity & mild pain. Exam showed enlarged optic nerve cups; a potential future glaucoma risk. Currently prescribed 1% pilocarpine for post-trauma mydriasis. Follow-up recommended.", "age": 33.14, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient suffered significant trauma to the left lateral orbit/ eye, and reports a number of residual symptoms, including sensitivity to light, flashes to light (especially after moving his eyes) and lingering but mild pain around the left eye. my exam revealed nearly symmetrical central acuity, with normal (and brisk) color vision and without an afferent pupillary defect. the left pupil was large at rest, and there was light-near dissociation os. ocular motility was normal. the fundus showed enlarged optic nerve cups ou, without pallor. this patient has post-traumatic mydriasis, with subtle disruption of the integrity of the pupillary sphincter muscle. there is clearly a much better response to a near stimulus, which offers the opportunity to use pilocarpine to reduce the pupil size, and hopefully reduce his symptoms. i prescribed 1% pilocarpine, although a weaker solution should be tried if he were to developed periorbital discomfort (assuming that the drop reduced the pupillary size). he is a computer engineer and reports difficulty with prolonged viewing at the computer. his ocular damage will cause reduced near point of accomodation, which therefore will create blurred vision os at near; the asymmetry might be contributing to his discomfort. a strategy of providing near correction os only might be a reasonable option. i explained the finding of large optic nerve cups. i will obtain fundus photographs and oct for future comparison, since it is possible that the large cups will in the future raise a question of glaucoma. and, he is truly at risk for glaucoma os because of the trauma. impression: 1. post-trauma mydriasis, os 2. large optic nerve cups recommendations: 1. continued follow-up with dr. PERSON 2. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination 3. consider use of pilocarpine 1/2%", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suffered eye trauma, causing symptoms including light sensitivity & mild pain. Exam showed enlarged optic nerve cups; a potential future glaucoma risk. Currently prescribed 1% pilocarpine for post-trauma mydriasis. Follow-up recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07881", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07881.jpg", "filename": "data_07881.npz", "report": "72-year-old male with not visually significant cataract, and possible risk of glaucoma due to maternal history. Started on Timolol due to disc hemorrhage OD, but no improvement in intraocular pressure. Also has T2DM, refractive error, and corneal abrasion OS.", "age": 72.93, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "72 y.o. male \u00ff 1. cataract, not visually significant - observe \u00ff 2. PERSON od > os - iop max 19/15 - per patient mother had some eye condition and needed medication/drops, possibly glaucoma - discussed risk of glaucoma and complications of cataract surgery associated with pxf - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od: borderline superior/ os: normal - oct rnfl DATE_TIME: od sup thin/os normal DATE_TIME: od sup thin/ os: borderline inf thin - baseline fundus photo obtained DATE_TIME - hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou - hvf DATE_TIME: od: inferior nasal defects/ os full hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific inferior defects ou DATE_TIME: disc hemorrhage od disc photos were obtained, started on timolol od changed timolol to cosopt on 10/21 visit, no improvement in iop 3. posterior vitreous detachment ou rd precautions reviewed \u00ff 4. t2dm new diagnosis last a1c 7.0 no signs of diabetic retinopathy \u00ff 5. refractive error 6. corneal abrasion os likely occurred during exam/ applanation DATE_TIME erythromycin oint (sample given) rec: cont latanoprost qhs both eyes cont timolol bid PERSON check in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "72-year-old male with not visually significant cataract, and possible risk of glaucoma due to maternal history. Started on Timolol due to disc hemorrhage OD, but no improvement in intraocular pressure. Also has T2DM, refractive error, and corneal abrasion OS.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07882", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07882.jpg", "filename": "data_07882.npz", "report": "Patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in left eye and absolute glaucoma in right eye, s/p several lasers and trabeculectomy. On latanoprost and other ocular medications. No family history of glaucoma.", "age": 59.09, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: comfort / 15, tmax: 50 / 19 central corneal thickness: 793 / 541 corneal hysteresis: / 11.2 gonioscopy: c35f 1+ os (poor view od) retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: advanced cupping retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: superior thinning visual fields, right eye: nlp visual fields, left eye: inferior arcuate family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm, hld assessment/plan: 59 y.o. primarily Urdu-speaking female # normal tension glaucoma, moderate, left eye # absolute glaucoma, right eye - s/p numerous lasers and trabeculectomy with revision (?) od in LOCATION has been nlp for many years; polycarbonate lenses for monocular precautions - mostly comfortable od, iop acceptable os, vf and DATE_TIME stable - continue latanoprost qhs ou - as needed for comfort: dorzolamide/timolol bid od, prednisolone qid od, atropine qd od, erythromycin qid OD - Return in 4 months for iop check # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes (~2013 in LOCATION) - monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has moderate normal tension glaucoma in left eye and absolute glaucoma in right eye, s/p several lasers and trabeculectomy. On latanoprost and other ocular medications. No family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07883", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07883.jpg", "filename": "data_07883.npz", "report": "Patient exhibits severe primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, moderate in left. IOP is acceptable. Visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning present. Continues latanoprost and dorzolamide/timolol for treatment. No family history of glaucoma.", "age": 69.79, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by drs. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: timolol (injection) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 26 / 16 central corneal thickness: 447 / 465 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior/inferior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: inferior thinning visual fields, right eye: superior arcuate, inferior nasal step visual fields, left eye: superior nasal step and paracentral family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: pmr, hashimoto thyroiditis assessment/plan: 69 y.o. female # primary open angle glaucoma, severe right eye, moderate left eye - iop acceptable ou, vf and oct stable - continue latanoprost qhs ou, dorzolamide/timolol bid ou - next appointment with PERSON PERSONurn in DATE_TIME for iop check # s/PERSON, both eyes - formerly myopic # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - os DATE_TIME, od DATE_TIME, dr. PERSON # dry eye syndrome, both eyes - artificial tears as needed for comfort - next appointment with PERSON DATE_TIME # dermatochalasis, both eyes - monitor PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient exhibits severe primary open angle glaucoma in right eye, moderate in left. IOP is acceptable. Visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning present. Continues latanoprost and dorzolamide/timolol for treatment. No family history of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07884", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07884.jpg", "filename": "data_07884.npz", "report": "The patient, a 70-year-old male with history of hypertension, afib, CAD, and hemochromatosis, is suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, non-significant cataract in both eyes, and macular druse in right eye.", "age": 70.52, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "70 m hx htn, afib on apixaban, cad, hemochromatosis \u00ff # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: no [ cct: 569,566 [ DATE_TIME: borderline thinning suptemp ou (stable) [ hvf DATE_TIME: full/nonspecific ou - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. \u00ff # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. # macular druse, right eye. not visually significant. - monitor \u00ff # vitreous floaters, both eyes. no retinal breaks seen. - discussed retinal detachment precautions. \u00ff # refractive error, minimal change in prescription, would like to update glasses. - rx given for new glasses. \u00ff rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a 70-year-old male with history of hypertension, afib, CAD, and hemochromatosis, is suspected of glaucoma due to increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes, non-significant cataract in both eyes, and macular druse in right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07885", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07885.jpg", "filename": "data_07885.npz", "report": "92-year-old female patient evaluated for purulent follicular conjunctivitis in left eye, not improving with polytrim and tobradex drops. Cultures sent. Also diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma, continuing xalatan treatment.", "age": 92.57, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "92 y.o. female referred by eyesight in LOCATION, here for evaluation of conjunctivitis in left eye 1. purulent follicular conjunctivitis os x DATE_TIME with no improvement on polytrim and tobradex drops. - ddx: infectious conjunctivitis, allergic/toxic conjunctivitis (glaucoma drops), lll laxity causing dryness - cultures sent DATE_TIME tobradex, not using polytrim for >1 mo now - start PERSON (vigamox not on formulary) - use at LOCATION (can use at ung if this is irritating) - cool compresses 2. primary open angle glaucoma - tmax 25 - DATE_TIME who changed combigan to LOCATION ou and stopped alphagan - continue xalatan od 3. lll laxity with punctal ectropion: could be contributing to chronic conjunctivitis. - refer to oculoplastics 4. des ou: at as above for now. d/w dr. PERSON or sooner prn (pt unable)", "gpt4_summary": "92-year-old female patient evaluated for purulent follicular conjunctivitis in left eye, not improving with polytrim and tobradex drops. Cultures sent. Also diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma, continuing xalatan treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07886", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07886.jpg", "filename": "data_07886.npz", "report": "The 69-year-old male patient has a history of malignant melanoma, eczema, actinic keratoses, and iris nevi. He has immature cataracts that are not affecting him and a refractive error but defers new glasses. He also displays an inferonasal visual field defect in both eyes and is to start on latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma is present.", "age": 70.14, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "69 y.o. male with h/o malignant melanoma of left upper arm, eczema, actinic keratoses defers dilation DATE_TIME - iris nevi os flat. patient reports he first noticed these in junior high (was noticed by his then-girlfriend) photos taken DATE_TIME gonioscopy DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb with symmetric pigmented tm no change DATE_TIME compared to prior photos >> continue to monitor - immature cataract ou not visually significant and not affecting activities of DATE_TIME living >> observe - refractive error >> defers new glasses prescription DATE_TIME. happy with otc readers f/up DATE_TIME with bat, iris photos os, gonio, then dilation, sooner prn discussed q6month visit with alternating gonio and dilation; pt prefers DATE_TIME (longer) visit with gonio and dilation using +1.50 readers. can go up gonio ss/cbb no steroids no inhalers no creams start latanoporst both eyes qhs inferonasal visual field defect both eyes", "gpt4_summary": "The 69-year-old male patient has a history of malignant melanoma, eczema, actinic keratoses, and iris nevi. He has immature cataracts that are not affecting him and a refractive error but defers new glasses. He also displays an inferonasal visual field defect in both eyes and is to start on latanoprost. No mention of glaucoma is present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07887", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07887.jpg", "filename": "data_07887.npz", "report": "75 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 75.93, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 75 y.o. black, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "75 y.o. black, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07888", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07888.jpg", "filename": "data_07888.npz", "report": "26 y.o. female with history of gist has refractive error, increased c/d ratio with slightly elevated IOP, but no family history of glaucoma. She also has dry eye symptoms. No signs of glaucoma indicated.", "age": 26.25, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "26 y.o. female, from LOCATION, with hx of gist, here for follow-up: \u00ff 1. refractive error. a prescription for glasses was given to the patient. \u00ff 2. increased c/d ratio iop good (but a little higher than previously) no family hx of glaucoma \u00ff oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: non-specific defects ou \u00ff rec: - repeat hvf next time \u00ff 3. dry eye symptoms use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "26 y.o. female with history of gist has refractive error, increased c/d ratio with slightly elevated IOP, but no family history of glaucoma. She also has dry eye symptoms. No signs of glaucoma indicated.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07889", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07889.jpg", "filename": "data_07889.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of having glaucoma based on c:d asymmetry. Family history denies. Eye pressure under control. Follow-up planned for further tests.", "age": 44.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "last saw dr. PERSONE, PERSON PERSON in DATE_TIME) glaucoma suspect based on c:d asymmetry od>os tmax: 16,18 cct: average ou hvf: full ou oct wnl ou dp stable c/w 2010 family history: denies race: LOCATION iop controlled observe 2. re - mrx=rx 3. rgpcl wear, cl hygiene, f/u dr. PERSON as scheduled f/u DATE_TIME, check mrx, iop, dilate ou, plan to repeat testing in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of having glaucoma based on c:d asymmetry. Family history denies. Eye pressure under control. Follow-up planned for further tests.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07890", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07890.jpg", "filename": "data_07890.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It mainly discusses support team contact information.", "age": 66.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any medical details or mention the presence of glaucoma. It mainly discusses support team contact information.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07891", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07891.jpg", "filename": "data_07891.npz", "report": "The patient is on several medications including aspirin, coenzyme q10, and rosuvastatin. Conditions include breast cancer, hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, and osteopenia. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 71.86, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medications and orders your current medications aspirin (PERSON) 81 mg ec tablet (taking) take 81 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. indications: 2x/week carmen PERSON DATE_TIME matthies DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr received sig: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)) 81 mg tablet; dose: 81 mg; form: take 1 tablet; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: tablet(s); taking; status: active; source: a coenzyme q10 200 mg capsule (taking) take 200 mg by mouth DATE_TIME. carmen vargas DATE_TIME matthies DATE_TIME DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr received sig: coenzyme q10 200mg capsule; dose: not available; form: not available; route: PERSON; frequency: qd; directions: not available; details: dispense: capsule(s); taking; status: active; source: PERSON,PERSON (NRP) 25 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (25 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. multivitamin per tablet (taking) take 1 tablet by mouth DATE_TIME. rosuvastatin (crestor) 10 mg tablet (taking) take 1 tablet (10 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. your orders normal orders this visit automated visual field, extended - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus condition list as of DATE_TIME breast cancer hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia osteopenia routine general medical examination at a health care facility tick bite of buttock results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on several medications including aspirin, coenzyme q10, and rosuvastatin. Conditions include breast cancer, hypertensive disorder, hypercholesterolemia, and osteopenia. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07892", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07892.jpg", "filename": "data_07892.npz", "report": "The patient has various conditions: hyperlipidemia, hypertension, colon cancer, skin cancer, diverticular disease, osteoporosis, hallux valgus, bilateral cataracts, glaucoma and recurrent UTIs.", "age": 90.74, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes condition list as of DATE_TIME hyperlipidemia hypertensive disorder malignant tumor of colon basal cell carcinoma of skin diverticular disease osteoporosis hallux valgus bilateral cataracts glaucoma recurrent urinary tract infection results", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has various conditions: hyperlipidemia, hypertension, colon cancer, skin cancer, diverticular disease, osteoporosis, hallux valgus, bilateral cataracts, glaucoma and recurrent UTIs.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07893", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07893.jpg", "filename": "data_07893.npz", "report": "Patient has Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, incontinence, mood disorder, risk of falls, hip joint pain, chest pain, facial melanoma, anemia, subdural hematoma, pure hypercholesterolemia, and itch. No presence of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 75.05, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "type 2 diabetes mellitus hypertensive disorder health care maintenance af (atrial fibrillation) fatty liver hyperlipidemia incontinence mood disorder at risk for falls functional diarrhea pain of both hip joints chest pain advanced care planning/counseling discussion melanoma in situ of face excluding eyelid, nose, lip, and ear anemia dizzy sdh (subdural hematoma) benign essential hypertension pure hypercholesterolemia fall itch results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps:", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, incontinence, mood disorder, risk of falls, hip joint pain, chest pain, facial melanoma, anemia, subdural hematoma, pure hypercholesterolemia, and itch. No presence of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07894", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07894.jpg", "filename": "data_07894.npz", "report": "71 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 71.76, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 71 y.o. white, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "71 y.o. white, non-hispanic female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07895", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07895.jpg", "filename": "data_07895.npz", "report": "59-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect with an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Other conditions include cataracts in both eyes, macular drusen in right eye, dry eye disease, and refractive error.", "age": 60.01, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "normal normal disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.6 0.6 macula rare drusen temp to fovea normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal refraction wearing rx sphere cylinder axis add right +1.50 -1.00 010 +2.00 left +1.25 -0.75 155 +2.00 age: DATE_TIME type: bifocal manifest refraction (auto) sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +1.50 -0.75 012 left +1.00 sphere manifest refraction #2 sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +1.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.00 20/20 left +1.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.00 20/20 final rx sphere cylinder axis dist LOCATION add near LOCATION right +1.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.00 20/20 left +1.00 -PHONE_NUMBER +2.00 20/20 expiration date: DATE_TIME assessment and plan 59 f referred by PERSON for glaucoma evaluation # glaucoma suspect with increased cup/disc ratio, both eyes [ fhx: no [ cct: 549,538 [ oct DATE_TIME: nonspecific/full ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: rim artifact od, full os - no intervention required at this time. continue to monitor. # cataract, both eyes. not yet visually significant to warrant surgery in both eyes. - discussed elective cataract surgery in the future though not indicated at this time. - continue to monitor. # macular drusen, right eye. not visually significant. - monitor # dry eye disease, both eyes, mild. associated with seasonal allergies. symptomatic. - discussed artificial tears ou qid prn. # refractive error, some change from previous, would like to update glasses. having some trouble with her glasses from DATE_TIME. - new rx given to patient. rtc 1 year, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "59-year-old female is a glaucoma suspect with an increased cup/disc ratio in both eyes. Other conditions include cataracts in both eyes, macular drusen in right eye, dry eye disease, and refractive error.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07896", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07896.jpg", "filename": "data_07896.npz", "report": "Patient is on 1mg daily prednisone and plans to taper off. Recently diagnosed with diabetes (HbA1C 6.0%). Denies vision issues. IOP stable. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 81.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "involvement. -started on 60 mg prednisone and tapered. dm recently diagnosed DATE_TIME (hba1c 6.0% DATE_TIME). now to prednisone 1 mg qd (on 1 mg per month taper) denies black-out of vision, diplopia, darkening. monitor. >> DATE_TIME: on 1 mg pred daily and plans to taper off in DATE_TIME. iop stable", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on 1mg daily prednisone and plans to taper off. Recently diagnosed with diabetes (HbA1C 6.0%). Denies vision issues. IOP stable. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07897", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07897.jpg", "filename": "data_07897.npz", "report": "53 y.o. male with stable optic disc drusen and myopia/presbyopia. Potential complications like vf defects, crao discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 53.42, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "53 y.o. male # optic disc drusen ou -stable findings -discussed potential complications associated with this, e.g. vf defects, crao. # myopia/presbyopia >continue current wear f/u 12-18 mos: coe, hvf, oct nerve", "gpt4_summary": "53 y.o. male with stable optic disc drusen and myopia/presbyopia. Potential complications like vf defects, crao discussed. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07898", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07898.jpg", "filename": "data_07898.npz", "report": "Patient has right eye pain, headaches, photosensitivity, and dry eyes worsened by reading. Suspected of glaucoma, she also shows signs of migraines. Referred for further evaluation & prescribed artificial tears.", "age": 37.35, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "formulation: this patient presents for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation of right eye pain and headaches associated with photophobia. she forgot her distance glasses DATE_TIME but her visual acuity is stable and visual fields were reliable and full ou. her fundus examination is notable for cupping of the optic nerves ou without significant pallor, and she states she is followed by her ophthalmologist as a glaucoma suspect. her examination was also notable for early breakdown of the tear film ou with perilimbal redness. additionally, her pain description is suggestive of dry eyes in that her symptoms are exacerbated by prolonged reading. she also may have superimposed migraine type headaches. i recommended that she use artificial tears frequently during DATE_TIME and lacrilube in both eyes before bed. i will also refer her to dr. PERSON to obtain his expert opinion about the status of her ocular surface and its contribution to her chronic eye pain. she will see optometry to obtain new distance glasses. i am happy to see her in follow up as needed. impression: 1. dry eyes ou 2. migraines recommendations: 1. artificial tears and lacrilube 2. referral to dr. PERSON for dry eyes 3. referral to optometry for refraction for new distance glasses 4. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination as needed 5. return to see you as scheduled.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has right eye pain, headaches, photosensitivity, and dry eyes worsened by reading. Suspected of glaucoma, she also shows signs of migraines. Referred for further evaluation & prescribed artificial tears.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07899", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07899.jpg", "filename": "data_07899.npz", "report": "63-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Attended necessary medical appointment.", "age": 63.0, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "a 63 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME to whom it may concern: PERSON was attending a necessary medical appointment. please excuse responsibilities DATE_TIME. sincerely, PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "63-year-old white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma. Attended necessary medical appointment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07900", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07900.jpg", "filename": "data_07900.npz", "report": "The patient is using moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution in the left eye and timolol 0.5% solution in the right eye, 2x per day. Performing Humphrey visual field and OCT optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.81, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "topical (top) route. moxifloxacin (vigamox) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into the left eye 2 (two) times a day. timolol (betimol) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (taking) place 1 drop into the right eye 2 (two) times a day. your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME osteoarthritis osteopenia hypothyroidism vitreous detachment hypertension results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none instructions the following instruction is based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. please take the following medications for your eyes as instructed: right eye dorzolamide/ timolol 2 x fml 1 x left eye timolol 2 x stop fml please wait DATE_TIME between eye drops. if you have additional questions regarding your eye medications", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is using moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution in the left eye and timolol 0.5% solution in the right eye, 2x per day. Performing Humphrey visual field and OCT optic nerve tests. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07901", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07901.jpg", "filename": "data_07901.npz", "report": "Patient has open-angle glaucoma, greater in left eye than right, with slight progression in former. Elevated intraocular pressure lowered post-selective laser trabeculoplasty, further interventions planned. Also has worsening cataracts and early Fuchs dystrophy.", "age": 71.97, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending - ?primary open angle glaucoma ou, os > od (preperimetric), untreated iop DATE_TIME. PERSON (father on PERSON). no hx of PERSON intolerance. cct 565/570, hvf stable in 6/13. dp's done in 6/13 oct DATE_TIME compared with DATE_TIME (outside records) slight progression os, stable od - periocular changes from lumigan; had been on betoptic (0.25% with little effect, but no real intolerance) s/p slt os DATE_TIME, doing well, iop dropped 22 -> 12 s/p slt od DATE_TIME oct ou worse in DATE_TIME on timolol goal iop around 20 od, high teens os - iop elevated in DATE_TIME. pt did not use PERSON DATE_TIME but oct worse in DATE_TIME. plan: c/w timolol ou xe qam - will plan for slt os soon. if effective, t/c for od also. risks including but not limited to loss of eye/ decreased vision/ rd/ infection/ bleeding/ elevation or lowering of intraocular pressure/ ptosis/ worsening cataract/ need for further surgery /etc. was discussed with patient. patient agreed to proceed with laser. - pt to get iop checked locally 1-2 wks. - cataracts ou, getting worse, measurements done in DATE_TIME plan: may need cataract surgery vs phaco/ mig in the future. - corneal guttata ou, maybe early fuchs plan: monitor - mrx given in 6/12. - systemic / social issues: pt from maine. husband is a pt of mine. pt has breast ca. pt not on blood thinners.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has open-angle glaucoma, greater in left eye than right, with slight progression in former. Elevated intraocular pressure lowered post-selective laser trabeculoplasty, further interventions planned. Also has worsening cataracts and early Fuchs dystrophy.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07902", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07902.jpg", "filename": "data_07902.npz", "report": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with normal hvf and stable oct. Treatment with Cosopt continues while Xalatan was stopped due to possible inflammation. Next IOP check in 6 months.", "age": 73.96, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "Imp: doing well with pciol ou No uveitis Glaucoma suspect ou (on cosopt ou bid; stopped xalatan due to assoc with poss inflammation prev) --normal hvf and stable oct today mgd ou; rul incl cyst refr error Plan: cont cosopt ou bid Rx=m prn 6 mo iop check", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a glaucoma suspect with normal hvf and stable oct. Treatment with Cosopt continues while Xalatan was stopped due to possible inflammation. Next IOP check in 6 months.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07903", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07903.jpg", "filename": "data_07903.npz", "report": "Patient has a cyst causing mild compression on optic chiasm/right optic tract. Also has a punctate focus of hypoenhancement in mid pituitary and dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 64.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "of the right optic nerve (and likely the optic tract), it is important to continue to follow her status with visual exams and repeat PERSON. diagnoses. 1. LOCATION's cyst with mild compression of the optic chiasm/right optic tract, stable (on scan of DATE_TIME) 2. punctate focus of hypoenhancement in mid pituitary (unchanged DATE_TIME to DATE_TIME) 3. dry eye syndrome both eyes recommendations. 1. return to see me in DATE_TIME. consider repeat mri ~jan 2023 depending on clinical exam 3. start artificial tears 3-4 times per day as needed in both eyes 1. return to see me in DATE_TIME. DATE_TIME general eye exams 3. repeat mri, perhaps DATE_TIME, depending upon my clinical exam 4. repeat oct with ganglion cell segmentation (given poor technical quality in DATE_TIME (note prepared with assistance from dr. PERSON, ophthalmology resident.) PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service ----- i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing for, caring for (face-to-face and non face-to-face), formulating and finalizing the visit for this patient.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has a cyst causing mild compression on optic chiasm/right optic tract. Also has a punctate focus of hypoenhancement in mid pituitary and dry eye syndrome. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07904", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07904.jpg", "filename": "data_07904.npz", "report": "The patient suffers from a chronic illness threatening vision loss without proper follow-up. May require further surgery or laser for retinal detachment and changes in glasses. There are no mentions of glaucoma.", "age": 74.47, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "further surgery or laser, retinal detachment, change in glasses and reading glasses. frequent follow-up for the patient's chronic illness explained including the fact that without appropriate follow-up, there's a threat of vision loss. no guarantees given. questions answered. consents signed. no asa/blood thinners implants/special equipment needed -- yag laser preferred anesthesia -- topical diabetic -- no -rtc in DATE_TIME with va and iop check ou as well as arx/mrx (near/far if she didn't see dr. PERSON), hvf od, and disc photos ou, sooner prn. if iop above goal od, strongly consider NRP gel stent od given good result so far os. the information above was documented by Person as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient suffers from a chronic illness threatening vision loss without proper follow-up. May require further surgery or laser for retinal detachment and changes in glasses. There are no mentions of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07905", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07905.jpg", "filename": "data_07905.npz", "report": "Patient has clinically isolated syndrome of right optic neuritis of atypical severity, considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Treated with Rituximab. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 40.0, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "overall impression is: clinically isolated syndrome of right optic neuritis of atypical severity, which should thus be considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder until proven otherwise. this was aggressively treated given the severity of vision loss, with moderate improvement.. my plan is: - next rituximab now. i discussed with allergy previously that she should be able to have this done at mic now the justification for continued rituximab treatment is nmosd with atypical severe optic neuritis (vs relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with unusually severe optic neuritis), both of which would be treated with rituximab. would anticipate at least a DATE_TIME treatment course until DATE_TIME. - rituxan orders rewritten DATE_TIME, and mic referral placed - mayo cds1 panel - next brain & c/t spinemri in DATE_TIME, approx. fall 2020 - continue vitamin d i will see the patient again in DATE_TIME to reassess progress, sooner if new symptoms arise in the interim. this note was prepared with the assistance of dr. PERSON, ophthalmology resident. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and inflammatory neuro-ophthalmology/skull base disorders clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution ? note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has clinically isolated syndrome of right optic neuritis of atypical severity, considered a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Treated with Rituximab. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07906", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07906.jpg", "filename": "data_07906.npz", "report": "The patient is on brimonidine and latanoprost for their right eye, and prednisolone for their left eye, suggesting potential glaucoma management.", "age": 70.64, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "the following instruction is based on your visit with dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME. please take the following medications for your eyes as instructed: right eye continue brimonidine (purple top) 2 x per day continue latanoprost (green top) 1 x at DATE_TIME left eye continue prednisolone (pink or white top) 1 x DATE_TIME, and stop DATE_TIME before your next appointment preservative free artificial tears as needed please wait DATE_TIME between eye drops. if you have additional questions regarding your eye medications, please call PHONE_NUMBER. if you have questions about medications not related to your eyes, please call your primary care physician.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on brimonidine and latanoprost for their right eye, and prednisolone for their left eye, suggesting potential glaucoma management.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07907", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07907.jpg", "filename": "data_07907.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of systemic hypertension and horizontal binocular diplopia, possibly caused by orbital degenerative changes. There's no sign of thyroid eye disease, ocular myasthenia, or glaucoma. She doesn't need a prism or follow-up unless diplopia changes.", "age": 67.56, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "orbital abnormality. 3. \u00ffpresumed sequela of mild chronic ischemic microvascular disease. formulation: this DATE_TIME woman with a history of systemic hypertension follows-up for horizontal binocular diplopia in far left>right gaze, noted after removing her patch s/p cataract extraction in DATE_TIME. her diplopia has not clearly evolved since onset. the exam reveals normal afferent function and grossly full ocular motility but an et2 (prev et4) in left gaze (there is no objective correlate to her subjective diplopia in extreme right gaze). there are no stigmata of thyroid eye disease, ocular myasthenia, or gca. her work-up has included a normal mri brain/orbit with gad and negative achr abs, crp, esr, and tfts. given the stability in her exam over DATE_TIME, her other exam findings (i.e., orbital degenerative changes without myasthenic findings), and unrevealing work-up, the most likely cause by far is simply orbital degenerative changes causing a mild misalignment in extremes of gaze. i do not think that the diplopia is an adverse outcome related to her surgery; PERSON and topical anesthesia were used. if anything, improved acuity od might have facilitated recognition of previously-unnoticed diplopia. she does not need prism as she is well aligned at near. given her stability and negative work-up, she does not need to return to see me unless she has a substantial change in her diplopia. impression: 1. trace abduction limitation os since DATE_TIME, likely secondary to orbital degenerative changes 2. monocular diplopia od (refractive) recommendations: 1. no need for prism or neuro-ophthalmic follow-up unless diplopia changes substantially 2. follow-up with dr. PERSON as planned marc bouffard md neuro-ophthalmology DATE_TIME spent in the care of this patient", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of systemic hypertension and horizontal binocular diplopia, possibly caused by orbital degenerative changes. There's no sign of thyroid eye disease, ocular myasthenia, or glaucoma. She doesn't need a prism or follow-up unless diplopia changes.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07908", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07908.jpg", "filename": "data_07908.npz", "report": "Female patient with controlled thyroid disease, dry eye symptoms, and a history of steroid use for ulcerative colitis. SHOWS NO SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA. Monitored for proptosis (bulging eyes) but no signs of thyroid eye disease.", "age": 68.49, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME female with thyroid nodules, ulcerative colitis, history of taking steroids for uc exacerbations (not currently) taking epidural steroid injections in back as well as shoulder and knee injections: ? 1. thyroid disease/ nodules was told by her endocrinologist that thyroid disease is under control hertel measurements repeated DATE_TIME: od 23, os 25 hertel DATE_TIME: base 100 od 23.5, os 25 hertel repeated DATE_TIME DATE_TIME: 24/25 (100) stable DATE_TIME: hertel 24/24 (100) \u00ff bilateral proptosis, worse os, stable over DATE_TIME even though subjectively worse \u00ff ct scan DATE_TIME: impression: apparent bilateral proptosis. no evidence of intraorbital mass. the bilateral extraocular muscles are symmetric and within normal limits in size. consider referral to oculoplastics patient sees an endocrinologist who has said she does not have thyroid eye disease, thyroid function is normal 2. dry eye use artificial tears (preservative -free) as needed for symptoms of dry eye punctal plugs placed last time, still in place, patient noticed improvement restasis was not covered by insurance refresh optive, refresh plus \u00ff\u00ff cont artificial tears as needed try xiidra bid ? 3. glaucoma suspect \u00ff (on steroids on and off for uc) iop normal DATE_TIME, hrt 5/09 wnl ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou hvf DATE_TIME: 1st time taking, unreliable od, sup arcuate ou, sup and PERSON nasal step os rec: - repeat hvf ? 4. refractive error \u00ff\u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Female patient with controlled thyroid disease, dry eye symptoms, and a history of steroid use for ulcerative colitis. SHOWS NO SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA. Monitored for proptosis (bulging eyes) but no signs of thyroid eye disease.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07909", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07909.jpg", "filename": "data_07909.npz", "report": "56 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma by a medical doctor.", "age": 56.49, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 56 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma. md", "gpt4_summary": "56 y.o. white, non-Hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma by a medical doctor.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07910", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07910.jpg", "filename": "data_07910.npz", "report": "The patient is taking metoprolol succinate, has a malignant parotid gland tumor, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, and facial palsy. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 78.72, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "metoprolol succinate (toprol-xl) 50 mg 24 hr tablet (taking) PERSON DATE_TIME received from: ut southwestern medical center your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, optic nerve - ou - both eyes - cirrus; optic disc; rnfl condition list as of DATE_TIME malignant tumor of parotid gland hypertensive disorder hypercholesterolemia arthritis facial palsy results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is taking metoprolol succinate, has a malignant parotid gland tumor, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, and facial palsy. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07911", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07911.jpg", "filename": "data_07911.npz", "report": "Patient referred for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation; incidental finding of optic disc fullness. Reports occasional right sided retro-orbital pressure. Normal perimetry. Mild nasal fullness, crowded optic nerves observed; suspected congenital. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 51.19, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "left plano -0.75 180 +1.50 expiration date: DATE_TIME od: os: formulation: this patient (office coordinator in a law office) was referred by dr. NRP song for a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation for optic disc fullness od incidentally noted after her first and only ophthalmic exam in DATE_TIME. she denies any visual symptoms but does report occasional right sided retro-orbital pressure like sensation when fatigued or with prolonged computer use. the afferent and efferent exams are normal. automated perimetry was normal. her undilated fundus exam shows mild nasal fullness ou with crowded optic nerves and a cup to disc ratio of 0.0 ou. oct showed normal prnfl ou and b-scan showed no optic disc drusen ou. in summary, this patient is asymptomatic and is doing well from a visual perspective. i suspect that her optic discs appearance are congenital and recommend neuro-ophthalmic follow up prn. she should continue regular ophthalmic exams with dr. PERSON. her eye strain/right eye pressure only occurs when fatigued or when using the computer for a long time, and i suspect this is due to uncorrected refractive error and recommend obtaining the prism prescription she was given by dr. PERSON. impression: 1. mild bilateral nasal fullness with congenital appearing optic nerves, asymptomatic with normal visual fields, and negative b-scan for optic disc drusen plan: 1. neuro-ophthalmic follow up prn 2. we printed the prescription for progressive glasses given by dr. PERSON to help with her eye strain 3. continue follow up with dr. PERSON (this note was prepared with the assistance of PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology fellow). PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "Patient referred for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation; incidental finding of optic disc fullness. Reports occasional right sided retro-orbital pressure. Normal perimetry. Mild nasal fullness, crowded optic nerves observed; suspected congenital. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07912", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07912.jpg", "filename": "data_07912.npz", "report": "Patient has narrow angle glaucoma but is not on medication presently. Monitored with prescription for preservative-free artificial tears. They've been recommended protective glasses. Future treatments include laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).", "age": 68.77, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "glaucoma medications. -continue close monitoring off glaucoma medications. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed => samples given on DATE_TIME. -monocular precautions discussed: patient should wear polycarbonate glasses at all times to protect seeing eye. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for uveitis care. -follow-up with dr. PERSON for retina care. -i sent note sent to drs. PERSON and papaliodis on DATE_TIME regarding narrow angles. -given confirmation of narrow angles ou on DATE_TIME, we will proceed with lpi os first; see note from DATE_TIME (given that eye is dilated frequently in the setting of injections). consents re-signed on DATE_TIME. -rtc DATE_TIME after lpi os for va and iop check ou as well as gonioscopy os, sooner prn. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and cataracts. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has narrow angle glaucoma but is not on medication presently. Monitored with prescription for preservative-free artificial tears. They've been recommended protective glasses. Future treatments include laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07913", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07913.jpg", "filename": "data_07913.npz", "report": "41 y.o. male, generally healthy, is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance but normal IOP and healthy rims suggest it's likely physiological. Advised to monitor off eyedrops.", "age": 41.28, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "41 y.o. male in navy overall healthy - glaucoma suspect based on cup:disc appearance ou, likely physiologic in setting of normal iop and healthy appearing rims fam hx: none tmax: 17/17 cct: 561/560 gonio DATE_TIME: ou open to cbb hvf DATE_TIME: ou full DATE_TIME: od full, os rare nonspecific defects likely full rnfl oct DATE_TIME: ou wnl DATE_TIME: ou wnl and stable disc photos: DATE_TIME last dilated: DATE_TIME >> monitor off eyedrops - refractive error >> defers new glasses prescription DATE_TIME. happy with current glasses; has another older backup pair at home f/up DATE_TIME with hvf, rnfl oct, dilation, sooner prn if stable next visit consider alternate testing q2years", "gpt4_summary": "41 y.o. male, generally healthy, is a glaucoma suspect due to cup:disc appearance but normal IOP and healthy rims suggest it's likely physiological. Advised to monitor off eyedrops.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07914", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07914.jpg", "filename": "data_07914.npz", "report": "Suspected primary open-angle glaucoma with normal IOP and visual field, stable optic nerve, no glaucoma conversion. Early, minimally significant nuclear sclerotic cataract. Pre-diabetes, no retinopathy.", "age": 80.27, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "1. primary open-angle glaucoma suspect ou: central corneal thickness 555/550 microns, intraocular pressure (iop) max 19/19 mm hg . good iop. visual field DATE_TIME is normal, ou. optic nerve appears stable, no evidence of glaucomatous conversion and angles are open. 2. early nuclear sclerotic cataract ou: minimally visually significant. 3. pre-diabetes: no retinopathy plan: continue to observe f/u 12 months ck iop--dilate--hvf--oct", "gpt4_summary": "Suspected primary open-angle glaucoma with normal IOP and visual field, stable optic nerve, no glaucoma conversion. Early, minimally significant nuclear sclerotic cataract. Pre-diabetes, no retinopathy.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07915", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07915.jpg", "filename": "data_07915.npz", "report": "Patient has 20/20 vision. Cataract observed, advised new glasses prescription. Cataract extraction possible if problem persists. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "20/20, 20/20 - observation of cataracts at this time was recommended. - will try new prescription for glasses and if continuing to bother patient will consider cataract extraction surgery rtc DATE_TIME with oct rnfl only, refract if not 20/20, get ar with ks, dilate PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has 20/20 vision. Cataract observed, advised new glasses prescription. Cataract extraction possible if problem persists. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07916", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07916.jpg", "filename": "data_07916.npz", "report": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Glaucoma medications are tolerated, with no noted intolerances. The treatment plan includes adding brimonidine and continuing latanoprost for the left eye. The patient also has dm2, htn, hld, hypothyroidism.\n", "age": 79.98, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 17 / 19 central corneal thickness: 525 / 513 gonioscopy: PERSON 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: superior thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: diffuse thinning visual fields, right eye: possible inferior > superior nasal step visual fields, left eye: central island family history: none steroids: inhaled trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: dm2, htn, hld, hypothyroidism assessment/plan: 79 y.o. female # severe normal tension glaucoma vs non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy, left eye # glaucoma suspect, right eye - per dr. PERSON's notes, disc pallor noted prior to DATE_TIME - patient reports decrease in vision immediately after cataract surgery os - review of visual fields show os first developed inferior arcuate and then later superior arcuate - has had NRP without evidence of compressive optic neuropathy - iop acceptable od, borderline os, vf fluctuating but may be worse ou, oct roughly stable ou, but watch the fluctuation superior od though doesn't correspond with nerve exam - add brimonidine bid os, continue latanoprost qhs os (hasn't been using ou) - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, vf od if not done by neuro-ophthalmology yet - referral to neuro-ophthalmology (didn't end up seeing dr. PERSON) # dm without retinopathy - blood sugar and blood pressure control, DATE_TIME dilated eye exam (last dfe DATE_TIME) # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has severe normal tension glaucoma in the left eye and is a glaucoma suspect in the right eye. Glaucoma medications are tolerated, with no noted intolerances. The treatment plan includes adding brimonidine and continuing latanoprost for the left eye. The patient also has dm2, htn, hld, hypothyroidism.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07917", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07917.jpg", "filename": "data_07917.npz", "report": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to exfoliation syndrome and other underlying risk factors. No thinning detected in OCT RNFL testing. Exhibits non-specific defects in the right eye and mild pseudophacodonesis in both eyes. Undergoing treatment with Xalatan and Timolol drops.", "age": 77.02, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME DATE_TIME patient previously a patient of URLsquale, first seen by dr. LOCATION on DATE_TIME # glaucoma suspect low risk od, low risk os due to exfoliation syndrome and ohtn ou risk factors: central corneal thickness: / 530/535 gonioscopy: tmax: 23 ( ) / 24 ( ) target iop: na / na ch: 10.0 / 10.8 (DATE_TIME) refractive error wrx: od . . / os . . glaucoma procedures/lasers: s/p ce/iol ou other eye procedures/lasers: none glaucoma medication issues: negative sulfa allergy testing: baseline (DATE_TIME) oct rnfl: no thinning ou (DATE_TIME) hvf 24-2 ou: non-specific defects od; wnl os #pseudophakia both eyes #mild pseudophacodonesis ou plan DATE_TIME: iop tonometry tonometry (ora, 3:07 pm) right left pressure 16.2 18.5 target and PERSON pressure right left target na na PERSON 23 24 acceptable od, acceptable PERSON is here for dfe, optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer, and humphrey visual field 24-2 continue xalatan DATE_TIME at bedtime both eyes - not taking regularly because he thought it had to be refrigerated. explained that once he opens it he will be able to keep it with his timolol on his nightstand. continue timolol gfs 1x/day in the morning both eyes *could consider selective laser trabeculoplasty if needs additional therapy but pt is happy with drops for now and would prefer to avoid lasers it if possible. last dilated exam: DATE_TIME DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: DATE_TIME return to glaucoma clinic DATE_TIME with NRP, LOCATION and humphrey visual field 24-2 i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is a low-risk glaucoma suspect due to exfoliation syndrome and other underlying risk factors. No thinning detected in OCT RNFL testing. Exhibits non-specific defects in the right eye and mild pseudophacodonesis in both eyes. Undergoing treatment with Xalatan and Timolol drops.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07918", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07918.jpg", "filename": "data_07918.npz", "report": "Patient likely has radiation optic neuropathy, with no effective treatments available. Alternative, but unlikely, diagnosis could be neurosarcoidosis. Returning to clinic for reassessment. No indication of glaucoma.", "age": 65.7, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "have a low likelihood of radiation optic neuropathy, the severity and lack of recovery of the optic neuropathy as well as the mri finding is more consistent with radiation optic neuropathy. i discussed with her my opinion that this in all likelihood represents radiation optic neuropathy and explained that there is not good evidence for effective treatment this far into the course, though hyperbaric oxygen therapy, PERSON therapy, and corticosteroids are sometimes used in the acute presentation. while much less likely, neurosarcoidosis can cause atypical optic neuropathy with intense enhancement of the optic nerves which can be persistent. though unlikely, i ordered at chest ct with and without contrast and ace level to exclude this treatable possibility. i would be glad to discuss her case further. she will return to clinic in DATE_TIME to reassess her vision. impression: 1. radiation optic neuropathy, od and os ? recommendations: 1. chest ct and ace level 2. cbc with diff 3. return to see you as scheduled ? sincerely, ? ? ? PERSON, LOCATION ? ?", "gpt4_summary": "Patient likely has radiation optic neuropathy, with no effective treatments available. Alternative, but unlikely, diagnosis could be neurosarcoidosis. Returning to clinic for reassessment. No indication of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07919", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07919.jpg", "filename": "data_07919.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), currently without symptoms suggestive of elevated intracranial pressure. She has vision impairments OD 20/100 and OS 20/20 with mild full optic nerves OU and no clear evidence of papilledema. Possible glaucoma is unmentioned.", "age": 41.11, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "os - DATE_TIME: od: gen loss on td, inferior loss on psd os: bse - DATE_TIME: od: gen loss on td, inferior loss on psd os: bse - DATE_TIME: od: gen loss on td, inferior loss on psd os: bse formulation: this DATE_TIME woman with reported iih diagnosed DATE_TIME follows-up. collateral records are unavailable and the provided history is not entirely classic for iih (brief headache, profound vision loss, no pulsatile tinnitus, tvos) but regardless, but if that diagnosis is correct then she has no symptoms suggestive of elevated icp at the moment. the exam demonstrates vas of 20/100 od and 20/20 os with +rapd od, inferior arcuate loss od, and nerves which are mildly full ou with PERSON (most superiorly). optical coherence tomography did not reveal any retinal abnormality corresponding to her field defect (other than thinned retinal nerve fiber layer) and NRP thinning was seen od (save for nasal) and inferiorly os. i asked mrs. PERSON to obtain dr. PERSON's notes as well as the disc for the mri and the report for the csf opening pressure and constituents. at the current time, she has neither symptoms suggestive of currently-elevated icp nor clear evidence of papilledema which would prompt reintroduction of icp-lowering therapy. the dyschromatopsia present od is unusual, as is the highly asymmetric field and acuity (though this may be amblyopic) - i wonder if she could have had bilateral myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein mimicking elevated icp. i suggested we obtain an mri brain/orbit PERSON. impressions: 1. reported iih with residual disc pallor and inferior arcuate loss od, diagnosed DATE_TIME. reported amblyopia od 3. migraine with visual aura 4. PERSON, likely physiologic recommendations 1. mri brain/orbit w gad 2. cds1 3. f/u next available w records PERSON md neuro-ophthalmology DATE_TIME spent in the care of this patient", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), currently without symptoms suggestive of elevated intracranial pressure. She has vision impairments OD 20/100 and OS 20/20 with mild full optic nerves OU and no clear evidence of papilledema. Possible glaucoma is unmentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07920", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07920.jpg", "filename": "data_07920.npz", "report": "Patient taking multiple eye medications for left eye, including latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and frequent prednisolone. Right eye has rare prednisolone use. Likely glaucoma.", "age": 47.37, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "latanoprost (green) 1 time per night, left eye dorzolamide/timolol (blue) 3 times per day, left eye brimonidine (purple) 3 times per day, left eye prednisolone (pink or white) 4 times per day, left eye prednisolone (pink or white), right eye, 1 time per day for DATE_TIME, then stop", "gpt4_summary": "Patient taking multiple eye medications for left eye, including latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, brimonidine, and frequent prednisolone. Right eye has rare prednisolone use. Likely glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07921", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07921.jpg", "filename": "data_07921.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 48.05, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "questions or concerns. thank you for the opportunity to participate in mr. PERSON's care. sincerely, PERSON were spent during this encounter and in reviewing the medical record, exclusive of procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07922", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07922.jpg", "filename": "data_07922.npz", "report": "Patient with pseudophakia in both eyes is stable post-phaco/pciol surgery. New prescription given. Sphenoid meningioma, lens rim artifact noted. OCT shows normal results. ERM in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 75.36, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "pseudophakia ou s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME stable. new mrx given DATE_TIME. \u00ff sphenoid meningioma hvf stable, essentially full ou. lens rim artifact os. watch inferior od. oct shows normal onh nfl ou good gcl os (od is not acurate due to erm...) \u00ff erm ou (od>>os) not visually significant. erm makes gcl unreliable f/u 1 year for hvf 30-2, oct ou, dfe. \u00ff \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "Patient with pseudophakia in both eyes is stable post-phaco/pciol surgery. New prescription given. Sphenoid meningioma, lens rim artifact noted. OCT shows normal results. ERM in both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07923", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07923.jpg", "filename": "data_07923.npz", "report": "69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 69.29, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "a 69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "69 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07924", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07924.jpg", "filename": "data_07924.npz", "report": "Patient suspect for primary open-angle glaucoma, underwent laser procedures in both eyes. Also has cataract, hx of mac off rd OS, and male breast cancer. Target intraocular pressure <18. No familial history of conditions or use of steroids.", "age": 82.58, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, former pasquale patient diagnosis: poag suspect s/p lpi os for unclear reasons s/p slt ou (dr. PERSON) target iop: <18 ou tmax: ( ) / ( )22 central corneal thickness: 550 / 560 gonioscopy: refractive error: od +1.25. . / os +1.75. -1.00. 130 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: nonspecific changes visual fields on initial visit left eye: inferior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye:laser trabeculoplasty glaucoma procedures left eye: laser trabeculoplasty, laser peripheral LOCATION, LOCATION repair other eye procedures right eye: pterygium other eye procedures left eye: hzo other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: hx of mac off rd DATE_TIME family history: none steroids: may from prior chemo trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: hx of mac off rd os, follows with dr. PERSON. male breast cancer - dx DATE_TIME cataract os>od - still has view - continue to monitor for now given high risk of rd per retina. plan: tg < 18 ou for now iop stable off drops hvf DATE_TIME shows inferior arcuate chagnes that have been present since DATE_TIME and stable, likely confounded by prior retinal pathology. continue to monitor cataract os for now as hesitant to do more surgery given risk of rd per retina. continue to monitor rtc: DATE_TIME repeat dfe oct, hvf", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspect for primary open-angle glaucoma, underwent laser procedures in both eyes. Also has cataract, hx of mac off rd OS, and male breast cancer. Target intraocular pressure <18. No familial history of conditions or use of steroids.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07925", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07925.jpg", "filename": "data_07925.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the left eye than the right. Also, he has cataracts in both eyes, which aren't yet visually significant. Treatments discussed.", "age": 77.53, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male transfering care here (sees PERSON PERSON, no old records available) 1. primary open angle glaucoma os>od -tmax ? -cct 547/566 -humphrey visual field (hvf) superior ns os; PERSON: oct 6/16 shows some thinning ou but borderline test quality -no fhx -prev on steroid inhaler, now stopped 2. cataract both eyes -not visually significant yet; able to do adls plan -diagnosis and treatment options dicussed w pt in detail and all questions answered -iop borderline elevated DATE_TIME (goal <16 os given hvf changes) -discussed additional drop vs LOCATION and r/b/a of each. pt is reluctant to start more medications and interested in LOCATION. r/b/a including but not limited to loss of eye/decreased vision/rd/infx/hem/elevation-lowering of iop/ptosis/worsening cataract/need for further surgery/unforeseen circumstances/etc. discussed with pt. PERSON understands, wants to proceed. -plan slt os first", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in the left eye than the right. Also, he has cataracts in both eyes, which aren't yet visually significant. Treatments discussed.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07926", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07926.jpg", "filename": "data_07926.npz", "report": "The patient is a 74 yo female suspect for Glaucoma with ocular hypertension and cataracts in both eyes. Currently, no glaucoma or any other eye procedures have been done. She also shows symptoms of myopia and anisometropia.", "age": 74.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect (ocular hypertension) and cataracts target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) central corneal thickness: 555 / 561 gonioscopy: c35b2+ both eyes refractive error: PERSON . DATE_TIME . 045 / os -5.25 . -0.75 . 015 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: full optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: full visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medications being used at first visit: none medication intolerances: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: myopia, cataract other eye problems left eye: myopia, anisometropia, cataract family history: none steroids: none current, remote history medrol dosepak for bronchitis q DATE_TIME trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: hypothyroid, afib (on xarelto) initial note: 74 yo female with ocular hypertension, normal baseline glaucoma testing, and visually significant cataracts both eyes. central corneal thickness 550, intraocular pressure in DATE_TIME on no medications. can monitor for now, and would only do cataract extraction alone if she decides to have cataract extraction. cataract appears worse then visual acuity. also has isolated flame heme right eye off st arcade. no other signs retinopathy. plan: prefers to defer cataract extraction at this time. reviewed with her", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 74 yo female suspect for Glaucoma with ocular hypertension and cataracts in both eyes. Currently, no glaucoma or any other eye procedures have been done. She also shows symptoms of myopia and anisometropia.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07927", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07927.jpg", "filename": "data_07927.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of steroid use and uncontrolled eye pressure in the left eye, potentially indicating glaucoma. She underwent SLT, a method of glaucoma treatment, which lowered eye pressure. However, pressure has since increased so further treatment is recommended.", "age": 64.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME. female 1. PERSON ou tmax 23,24 ou in old records, (? 28 per pt report), t 24,28 in our office + h/o steroid use - stopped flonase and singulair last visit, still on advair but lower dose now s/p slt left eye DATE_TIME - iop decreased from 28 to 20 fhx + mat aunt and half sister hvf full ou cct average ou dp stable c/w prior oct wnl od, borderline inf thinning os, stable ou iop uncontrolled os, controlled od discussed with patient that slt #1 had a good effect of lowering iop from DATE_TIME, now has increased to 22 on two sequential visits. do not recommend repeat of slt at this time as it is likely still working. discussed options with patient for further iop lowering to decreased risk of glaucoma os, PERSON vs timolol (pt has a h/o asthma, wants to start latan os qhs at this time) plan: latan os qhs, side effects discussed 2. refractive error: cpm f/u 4-6 weeks iop check on LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of steroid use and uncontrolled eye pressure in the left eye, potentially indicating glaucoma. She underwent SLT, a method of glaucoma treatment, which lowered eye pressure. However, pressure has since increased so further treatment is recommended.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07928", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07928.jpg", "filename": "data_07928.npz", "report": "The patient has dry eye symptoms and differences in vision due to slightly greater optic atrophy in the left eye, as well as some nuclear sclerosis in that eye. No presence of glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 57.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "and small hole at 6; surgeons PERSON. PERSON and dahrouj). she has dry eye symptoms. she continues to notice some dimness and diminished color vibrancy in the left eye. on exam DATE_TIME, her vision is now again 20/15 ou, without dyschromatopsia, visual field changes or a relative afferent pupillary defect. there is mild left temporal pallor, and oct confirms mild-moderate left>right optic atrophy, which is stable compared to prior. some of the subjective visual difference is from slightly greater optic atrophy on the left but she also has a native lens with some nuclear sclerosis in that eye. my overall impression: - such optic atrophy can develop in ms even in the absence of a history of overt optic neuritis attacks. it appears to be stable. - good recovery from her retinal detachment, which is unrelated my plan is: - continued follow-up in ms and retina clinics, and here as needed we have not scheduled further follow-up but i am happy to see the patient again if the need arises. thank you for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient. ???? ??please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ?PERSON, LOCATION neuro-ophthalmology, headache unit, and skull base neurology clinic. division of neuroimmunology, Institution neuro-ophthalmology, Institution note: greater than half of this DATE_TIME visit was spent counseling the patient on the medical condition or coordinating care. this time excludes any listed procedures.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has dry eye symptoms and differences in vision due to slightly greater optic atrophy in the left eye, as well as some nuclear sclerosis in that eye. No presence of glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07929", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07929.jpg", "filename": "data_07929.npz", "report": "Patient seen by Dr. suspected of glaucoma due to borderline intraocular pressure (IOP). No history of eye conditions and underwent glaucoma procedures in 40s. No other health issues. Family history negative. Prescription history: Eliquis.", "age": 69.86, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: glaucoma suspect based on borderline iop referred to df by optometry target iop: DATE_TIME , tmax: 23/24 central corneal thickness: 572 / 587 gonioscopy DATE_TIME: ss 360 ou refractive error: od -4.50, -2.25. -0.25, sphere. 090 / os -4.00, -1.75. -0.50, -0.75. 092, 089 optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: c/d 0.25 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: c/d 0.25 visual fields on initial visit DATE_TIME right eye: full visual fields on initial visit DATE_TIME left eye: full medication history and intolerances: none glaucoma procedures right eye: ce/pciol in his 40's glaucoma procedures left eye: ce/pciol in his 40's other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: none other eye problems left eye: none family history: none steroids: cortisone injections in back, flonase daily trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed LOCATION, treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and most recently radiation DATE_TIME. on eliquis for anticoagulation. seen at PERSON. harvard fellow for DATE_TIMEadvanced leadership' program for career transition on DATE_TIME, to be completed DATE_TIME. plan: # glaucoma suspect, moderate risk -cct thick -iop 14/14 DATE_TIME -with slight phacodenesis ou but quiet -may have had an episode of higher pressure, but no evidence of posner/schlossman -hvf and DATE_TIME iop check #intermittent bilateral temple pain -chronic for DATE_TIME in s/o cancer treatment -gca ros otherwise negative -crp normal DATE_TIME -happens with reading -- PERSON's prn -suggested pcp workup i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen by Dr. suspected of glaucoma due to borderline intraocular pressure (IOP). No history of eye conditions and underwent glaucoma procedures in 40s. No other health issues. Family history negative. Prescription history: Eliquis.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07930", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07930.jpg", "filename": "data_07930.npz", "report": "The patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with progression. She is considering cataract surgery but needs intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, and prefers not to use eye drops. Target IOP is 20 ou. She has had several procedures on both eyes.\n", "age": 62.23, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by Person on DATE_TIME. patient seen sporadically at LOCATION. last seen in DATE_TIME. saw dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, now with moderate poag with progression. patient is interested in cataract surgery, but needs iop lowering. she does not want to use drops. diagnosis: poag target iop: 20 ou, tmax: 29 ou central corneal thickness: 545 / 553 gonioscopy: ss, 2+ pigment refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): oct rnfl sup/inf thinning optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): oct rnfl inf thinning visual fields on initial visit right eye (DATE_TIME): superior arcuate visual fields on initial visit left eye (DATE_TIME): mild/moderate superior arcuate medication history and intolerances at first visit: glaucoma procedures right eye: phaco/itrack/ecp (DATE_TIME) glaucoma procedures left eye: phaco/omni (DATE_TIME) other eye procedures right eye: pupilloplasty (DATE_TIME) other eye procedures left eye: other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: negative steroids: none trauma: none, has been in a mva in the past asthma: other medical history and problems: neck injury assessment: 1. poag, moderate od>os -hvf DATE_TIME stable to baseline -oct rnfl likely thinner ou -iop okay for now, discussed may need to restart glaucoma drops 2. pseudophakia ou -s/p yag cap os DATE_TIME 4. PERSON/dry eyes ou -continue good lid hygiene, lid scrubs, aggressive artificial tears plan: -hold off on glaucoma drops for now -continue artificial tears, lid scrubs, ketotifen prn rtc in DATE_TIME for an iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with progression. She is considering cataract surgery but needs intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, and prefers not to use eye drops. Target IOP is 20 ou. She has had several procedures on both eyes.\n", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07931", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07931.jpg", "filename": "data_07931.npz", "report": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in the right eye (OD) and mild in the left eye (OS), with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in OD. History of trauma to OD. Also, the patient suffers from ocular rosacea.", "age": 74.31, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male \u00ff 2. poag--advanced od, mild os - elevated iop od>>os likely component of steroid response-->was using tobradex for DATE_TIME -apd od -ho trauma to od (football, squash ball hit r eye) PERSON use in the past -tmax 38/25 -cct 514/505 -hvf advanced changes od, wnl os 1. ocular rosacea ou - associated blepharitis/early conjunctivitis. -on erythromycin ointment bid -lid hygiene, pf at 4-6x/d ou \u00ff 3. ns os -visually significant \u00ff 4. PERSON plan stop tobradex; stop steroid nasal spray start cosopt ou add latanoprost ou qhs add brimonidine od bid compliance, s&o teaching explained fu DATE_TIME sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has advanced glaucoma in the right eye (OD) and mild in the left eye (OS), with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in OD. History of trauma to OD. Also, the patient suffers from ocular rosacea.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07932", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07932.jpg", "filename": "data_07932.npz", "report": "The 60-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and ocular hypertension at risk of glaucoma in the right eye. She's also managing cataracts in both eyes and received new prescription glasses.", "age": 61.32, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 f for f/u of glaucoma. last visit here with me was in DATE_TIME. # primary open-angle glaucoma, left eye # ocular hypertension with risk of glaucoma, right eye [ fhx: maybe mother; maternal grandmother [ tmax: 22,22 [ cct: 477,465 [ gonio DATE_TIME: open to ss 360 ou [ DATE_TIME: full od, inferior thinning os [ hvf DATE_TIME: essentially full od, consistent superior arc os - reviewed that therapy is to help slow down or prevent progression of permanent visual loss but cannot reverse nor cure glaucoma. - iop stable on latanoprost and acceptable for stable testing. continue latanoprost ou qhs. # cataract, both eyes. not visually significant in both eyes. - continue to monitor. # refractive error, minimal change from previous, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. - f/u with optometry for contact lenses. rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 60-year-old female patient has primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye and ocular hypertension at risk of glaucoma in the right eye. She's also managing cataracts in both eyes and received new prescription glasses.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07933", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07933.jpg", "filename": "data_07933.npz", "report": "The patient presents with back pain behind the right eye and has a history of optic disc edema. Recent MRI showed improvement, but still some minor persistent enhancement on the right optic nerve sheath. No diagnosis has been made. No indications of glaucoma.", "age": 20.84, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient reports no change in his status, although he continues to have 'worrisome' back behind the right eye, for which he has intermittently taken advil. i reviewed his serological evaluation in LOCATION, which revealed normal: PERSON; rpr; syphilis igg/igm; cbc (low neurtrophils; high lymphocytes); crp; LOCATION; ssa/ssb; crp; esr; ace. he has not had a hematoloogy evalution since DATE_TIME. my exam showed no change DATE_TIME. his mother was present and we discussed the approach to trying to identify a cause of the peri-neural enhancement of the optic nerve od. i explained that i reviewed with our neuroradiologist (dr. PERSON) that mris from DATE_TIME and DATE_TIME; her impression was of 'overall improvement in degree of enhancement along the right posterior globe and along the optic nerve sheath, favored to have been inflammatory in nature. there is suspected mild persistent enhancement along the right optic nerve sheath, which may be secondary to mild residual inflammatory disease vs vascular enhancement. no definite abnormal signal abnormality within the optic nerve itself identified.' given the lack of a diagnosis, i recommended a ct chest, with contrast, which we obtained DATE_TIME and which i reviewed with a neuroradiologist, who believed that the scan was normal. i believe it would be useful to obtain additional serology in the search for an occult inflammatory disease. he will return DATE_TIME for serology, which will include the tests specified below; i will evaluate him clinically at DATE_TIME before he returns to school. impression: 1. optic disc edema od>os, previously diagnosed as optic perineuritis and supported by additional review of mri images recommendations: 1. serology: cbc; igg4; rf; PERSON; mog; lyme; serum plasmablast panel 2. ct chest, with contrast: 3. return in DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "The patient presents with back pain behind the right eye and has a history of optic disc edema. Recent MRI showed improvement, but still some minor persistent enhancement on the right optic nerve sheath. No diagnosis has been made. No indications of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07934", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07934.jpg", "filename": "data_07934.npz", "report": "Male patient reports eye irritation due to pollen season. He's recommended anti-allergens and warned against specific medications. He has dermatocahlasis, mild cataracts, previous LASIK surgery and potential risk for glaucoma.", "age": 67.67, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON is a DATE_TIME. male presents DATE_TIME for continued eye health care dry eye ou / seasonal allergies pt reports having some irritation in the eye due to pollen season but they are much better than when he was last seen. gave pt seasonal allergy handout recommend at's prn and allergy testing avoid heat/rubbing/allergens avoid visine and other medications that 'get the red out' dermatochalasis rl > ll observe low suspicion glaucoma suspect risks include: c/d asym, age PERSON -2 ou oct wnl ou hvf wnl ou mild cataracts ou not visually significant observe s/p lasik ou done over DATE_TIME in LOCATION. PERSON faint PERSON flaps ou -- warned pt to warn whoever will do his cataracts surgery in the future about this f/u in DATE_TIME for dfe, ar/refract", "gpt4_summary": "Male patient reports eye irritation due to pollen season. He's recommended anti-allergens and warned against specific medications. He has dermatocahlasis, mild cataracts, previous LASIK surgery and potential risk for glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07935", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07935.jpg", "filename": "data_07935.npz", "report": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above goal, with worsening disc photos. A new glaucoma treatment, Rhopressa, has been started. Some 'burning' side effects and binocular diplopia were reported. Future options may include Vyzulta or BGI/MPCPC.", "age": 86.1, "gender": "female", "race": "asian", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -she denies snoring/sleep apnea and h/o hypotension as of DATE_TIME. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop above goal od and slightly above goal os, and disc photos that have worsened over DATE_TIME, we decided to try therapy again with a new agent (rhopressa). -intermittent binocular diplopia that resolves on its own; no obvious deviation on DATE_TIME (?decompensated phoria as it worsens in the evening) => if it persists or becomes bothersome, will refer to dr. PERSON for evaluation. -long discussion with patient on DATE_TIME: given iop above goal ou and 'burning' sensation per patient with rhopressa, we discussed her new glaucoma medication regimen. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check and oct rnfl/gcc ou (ok to use tropicamide 0.5% to obtain good view), sooner prn. if iop not at goal or progression in future, consider vyzulta qhs ou. if iop not at goal in future and progression certain on hvf, consider bgi or mp cpc. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON, PERSON. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient's intraocular pressure (IOP) is above goal, with worsening disc photos. A new glaucoma treatment, Rhopressa, has been started. Some 'burning' side effects and binocular diplopia were reported. Future options may include Vyzulta or BGI/MPCPC.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07936", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07936.jpg", "filename": "data_07936.npz", "report": "Patient has history of primary open angle glaucoma, on Xalatan and Brimonidine. HVF is normal but OCT is abnormal. Mild cataract present.", "age": 63.68, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: history of primary open angle glaucoma, on xalatan and brimonidine ou; normal hvf but abnormal--stable oct mild cataract ou plan: cpm", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has history of primary open angle glaucoma, on Xalatan and Brimonidine. HVF is normal but OCT is abnormal. Mild cataract present.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07937", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07937.jpg", "filename": "data_07937.npz", "report": "67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed test, HVF appears full.", "age": 67.39, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. reviewed test with patient hvf appears full", "gpt4_summary": "67 y.o. white, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. Reviewed test, HVF appears full.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07938", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07938.jpg", "filename": "data_07938.npz", "report": "Advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation in the left eye (OS)>right eye (OD). Miosis in both eyes, no diabetic retinopathy, normal OCT RNFL. Mild visual field loss due to cataracts. No signs of glaucoma. Recommended cataract surgery.", "age": 80.4, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pxf os>od miosis ou no visible diabetic retinopathy normal oct of rnfl; hvf with mild gen depr sec to cataracts; av cct; ----no glaucoma trace erm os refr error plan: needs cataract surgery os then od will refer", "gpt4_summary": "Advanced nuclear cataract with heavy pseudoexfoliation in the left eye (OS)>right eye (OD). Miosis in both eyes, no diabetic retinopathy, normal OCT RNFL. Mild visual field loss due to cataracts. No signs of glaucoma. Recommended cataract surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07939", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07939.jpg", "filename": "data_07939.npz", "report": "The patient is on various prescriptions incl. methylprednisolone, tretinoin, triamcinolone acetonide, valacyclovir. Conditions include herpes simplex, obesity, asthma, depression, hidradenitis suppurativa, Allergic rhinitis, etc. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "age": 26.42, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "of methylprednisolone daily for DATE_TIME. PERSON (aldactone) 100 mg tablet take 1 tablet (100 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. do not take this medication when pregnant spironolactone (aldactone) 100 mg tablet take 1 tablet (100 mg total) by mouth DATE_TIME. do not take this medication when pregnant tretinoin (retin-a) 0.025 % cream reported on DATE_TIME PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 % cream apply topically twice daily for DATE_TIME as needed for eczema on legs and back-not face/body folds PERSON DATE_TIME received from: partners lmr valacyclovir (valtrex) 1000 mg tablet take 2 tablets (2,000 mg total) by mouth 2 (two) times a day. x DATE_TIME only, as needed for cold sores your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes oct, retina - ou - both eyes - cirrus; retina; macula cube condition list as of DATE_TIME herpes simplex type 1 infection obesity asthma depressive disorder hidradenitis suppurativa liver cyst allergic rhinitis varicella pelvic pain in female iud contraception vasovagal syncope lesion of brain muscle twitching dizziness DATE_TIME physical exam multiple sclerosis results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is on various prescriptions incl. methylprednisolone, tretinoin, triamcinolone acetonide, valacyclovir. Conditions include herpes simplex, obesity, asthma, depression, hidradenitis suppurativa, Allergic rhinitis, etc. Glaucoma not mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07940", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07940.jpg", "filename": "data_07940.npz", "report": "Patient's intraocular pressure is above goal, indicating poor control of glaucoma. The patient was switched to Zioptan and started on PF Cosopt due to severe eyelid disease. Medication and treatment adherence emphasized. Blood sugar, pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged.", "age": 83.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "to 10 mmhg, left eye. -iop above goal od and above goal os on DATE_TIME on lumigan qhs ou and PERSON bid ou. -switch PERSON to zioptan qhs ou due to severe eyelid disease. -start pf cosopt bid ou due to severe eyelid disease. -continue PERSON bid ou. -start PERSON plus bid ou prn. -instructions written/typed/printed out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -follow-up with dr. PERSON. PERSON for retina care. -encouraged tight blood glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol control. -retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient. -rtc in DATE_TIME in LOCATION (here as able) with iop check ou, pachymetry ou, and hvf 10-2 size v od, sooner prn. i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow (PERSON). i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma and other ocular co-morbidities.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's intraocular pressure is above goal, indicating poor control of glaucoma. The patient was switched to Zioptan and started on PF Cosopt due to severe eyelid disease. Medication and treatment adherence emphasized. Blood sugar, pressure, and cholesterol control encouraged.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07941", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07941.jpg", "filename": "data_07941.npz", "report": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal tears or detachment. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions with patient. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 69.16, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "was recommended. # posterior vitreous detachment ou - extended ophthalmoscopy shows no retinal tears/detachment. - retinal detachment precautions were reviewed with the patient in detail including increase in and/or change in floaters, worsening flashing lights, and curtains or shadows. - rtc urgently for any of the above signs rtc DATE_TIME with hvf with oct rnfl, refract, bat PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has posterior vitreous detachment but no retinal tears or detachment. Reviewed retinal detachment precautions with patient. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07942", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07942.jpg", "filename": "data_07942.npz", "report": "The patient, a female, has a cataract in her right eye which is still the better one, and surgery is not yet necessary. She's a suspected glaucoma patient with risk factors including age, race, and dmii. She has a thin gcl and nonspecific hvf in her right eye. Her aunt was blind, but the reason is unknown. No evidence of diabetic retinal disease was found.", "age": 83.05, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON a is a DATE_TIME. female cataract od still the better eye... i would hold on surgery for now referring LOCATION also felt this way glaucoma suspect risks include age, race, dmii aunt was blind (unsure of reason) thin oct temporally ou thin gcl hvf 24-2: nonspecific od, watch PERSON hx of ppv and mp at bi retina os looks like the erm peel followed by dr. PERSON a1c date value ref range status DATE_TIME (h) 4.2 - 5.6 % final comment: hba1c levels 5.7-6.4% represent pre-diabetes, indicating impaired glucose control and an increased risk of developing diabetes. the diagnostic hba1c level for diabetes is 6.5% or greater. hba1c levels <4.2% may indicate a hemoglobinopathy or anemia, and an alternative method is recommended to monitor glucose control. no bdr f/u DATE_TIME mrx, dilate, oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient, a female, has a cataract in her right eye which is still the better one, and surgery is not yet necessary. She's a suspected glaucoma patient with risk factors including age, race, and dmii. She has a thin gcl and nonspecific hvf in her right eye. Her aunt was blind, but the reason is unknown. No evidence of diabetic retinal disease was found.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07943", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07943.jpg", "filename": "data_07943.npz", "report": "Pt. had stable retinal nerve fibre layer in right eye. Intraocular pressure above goal, perhaps due to missed drops on vacation. Last treatment was SLT. On Timolol. Possible glaucoma.", "age": 37.95, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "PERSON is here for optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer right eye stable intraocular pressure above goal but pt was on vacation x DATE_TIME and didn't take drops last intervention: slt right eye DATE_TIME meds: timolol qam od, PERSON last dilated exam: DATE_TIME rnfl: DATE_TIME last visual field: DATE_TIME baseline disc photos: none f/u DATE_TIME with dilated fundus exam right eye", "gpt4_summary": "Pt. had stable retinal nerve fibre layer in right eye. Intraocular pressure above goal, perhaps due to missed drops on vacation. Last treatment was SLT. On Timolol. Possible glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07944", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07944.jpg", "filename": "data_07944.npz", "report": "Patient has mild cataract and cupping in both eyes, but no glaucoma indicated as no increased IOP. Normal OCT of RNFL.", "age": 58.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: mild cataract ou cupping ou; PERSON; no iop elevation; normal oct of rnfl; hvf unrel DATE_TIME refr error plan: rx=m glasses PERSON and oct", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has mild cataract and cupping in both eyes, but no glaucoma indicated as no increased IOP. Normal OCT of RNFL.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07945", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07945.jpg", "filename": "data_07945.npz", "report": "68 y.o. suspect of glaucoma with nonspecific defects & thinning in both eyes. No family history. Also has meibomian gland dysfunction and drusen in right eye.", "age": 69.9, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 y.o. with hyperlipidemia allergy to PERSON \u00ff s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME , aim plano to -0.25 s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME , aim -0.25 - doing well\u00ff glaucoma suspect ou - iop excellent - cct 533/558 - oct poor signal strength od significant rnfl thinning although poor quality scan os thinning inferiorly DATE_TIME od borderline thinning st os borderline thinning it DATE_TIME od borderline thinning st os borderline thinning it DATE_TIME od wnl os borderline thinning temporally - hvf DATE_TIME od nonspecific defect os nonspecific defect DATE_TIME od nonspecific defects os nonspecific defect DATE_TIME od isolated nasal defect os full - no family hx > observe \u00ff \u00ff drusen od - no srf/ irf - + family hx \u00ff meibomian gland dysfunction > warm compresses, lid hygiene, artificial tears > flax seed / fish oil supplementation DATE_TIME, mrx, dilate, hvf/ oct", "gpt4_summary": "68 y.o. suspect of glaucoma with nonspecific defects & thinning in both eyes. No family history. Also has meibomian gland dysfunction and drusen in right eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07946", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07946.jpg", "filename": "data_07946.npz", "report": "Patient has glaucoma, worsened on DATE_TIME. Current medications cause sleeping issues and confusion about regimen. OCT RNFL stable OD, worsened OS. Recommended latanoprost for IOP fluctuations. Also recommended sleep study due to snoring. Suspected lattice dystrophy. Follow up arranged.", "age": 89.15, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "goal od and at goal os on DATE_TIME on cosopt bid ou and brimonidine tid ou, but there's confusion about regimen. PERSON worsened ou on DATE_TIME, but 'i was falling asleep,' and iop 06 mmhg ou (there is confusion about drops though). -oct rnfl stable od but worsened os confirmed on DATE_TIME. PERSON. -continue brimonidine tid ou. -start latanoprost qhs ou to help with any possible iop fluctuations. -instructions written out for patient (see table/details under patient instructions). -emphasized adherence to medication regimen. -preservative-free artificial tears as needed. -patient takes anti-hypertensives bid => i recommended attempting am bp regimen in the past given worsening hvf os and dh os at normal PERSON. -patient snores => i recommended a sleep study in the past to rule out sleep apnea given worsening hvf os and dh os at normal iops. -follows with dr. PERSON for corneal haze who suspects lattice dystrophy. -rtc in DATE_TIME with iop check, hvf, dilation, and oct rnfl/gcc ou, sooner prn. if further progression confirmed at that point by both oct/hvf, consider bgi. if stable and iop single digits, consider observation. the information above was documented by PERSON as a scribe for PERSON on DATE_TIME. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has glaucoma, worsened on DATE_TIME. Current medications cause sleeping issues and confusion about regimen. OCT RNFL stable OD, worsened OS. Recommended latanoprost for IOP fluctuations. Also recommended sleep study due to snoring. Suspected lattice dystrophy. Follow up arranged.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07947", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07947.jpg", "filename": "data_07947.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, which is at a mild stage. There's a targeted intraocular pressure (iop) of 16/14. Treatments include Timolol use and iStent procedures.", "age": 72.82, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems primary open angle glaucoma of right eye, mild stage overview first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: primary open angle glaucoma left eye \u00ff target iop: 16 / 14,\u00ff tmax: 19 ( ) / 25 ( ) \u00ff central corneal thickness: / \u00ff corneal hysteresis: 10.6 / 10.8* \u00ff gonioscopy: \u00ff refractive error: PERSON . sphere . / os -0.75 . sphere . \u00ff optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: thin superior \u00ff visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: likely early inferior arcuate \u00ff medication history and intolerances at first visit:\u00fftimolol \u00ff glaucoma procedures right eye: istent glaucoma procedures left eye: istent \u00ff other eye procedures right eye: cataract extraction other eye procedures left eye: cataract extraction \u00ff other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: \u00ff \u00ff family history: no \u00ff steroids: previously used steroid creams for eczema trauma: no asthma: no \u00ff other medical history and problems:\u00ff dm, sleep apnea \u00ff initial note: borderline glaucoma left eye and relatively healthy nerve right eye. stable from DATE_TIME with intraocular pressure low teens. current assessment & plan - intraocular pressure at target both eyes - continue timolol can take in DATE_TIME once a day relevant medications timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution other visit diagnoses primary open angle glaucoma of both eyes, mild stage relevant medications timolol (timoptic) 0.5 % ophthalmic solution other relevant orders humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes (completed) return in DATE_TIME (around DATE_TIME) for iop, cirrus ou, dr. PERSON at longwood.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, which is at a mild stage. There's a targeted intraocular pressure (iop) of 16/14. Treatments include Timolol use and iStent procedures.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07948", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07948.jpg", "filename": "data_07948.npz", "report": "95 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma.", "age": 95.34, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "a 95 y.o. white, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "95 y.o. white, non-Hispanic female. No diagnosis of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07949", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07949.jpg", "filename": "data_07949.npz", "report": "58-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis; mild cataract bilaterally. Normal eye tests. Annual prescription plan.", "age": 58.62, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 58 y.o. white, non-hispanic male with no diagnosis of glaucoma. imp: mild cataract ou cupping od>os; no hx iop elev; normal hvf and oct of rnfl refr error plan: rx=m yrly", "gpt4_summary": "58-year-old white, non-Hispanic male. No glaucoma diagnosis; mild cataract bilaterally. Normal eye tests. Annual prescription plan.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07950", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07950.jpg", "filename": "data_07950.npz", "report": "71 y.o. black, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. History of hypercholesterolemia, pmr, gerd, contact dermatitis. She has mild cataracts, environmental allergies, suspected glaucoma due to family history.", "age": 71.01, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "a 71 y.o. black, non-hispanic female with no diagnosis of glaucoma. 70 yo woman working as hr administrator at hbs with history of hypercholesterolemia, pmr, gerd, contact dermatitis, gerd, s/p bilateral PERSON intermittent floaters \u00ff\u00ff 1. mild cataracts ou >> updated mrx DATE_TIME (given copy of current, wears full-time) \u00ff\u00ff 2. environmental allergies, doing well with immunotherapy DATE_TIME -ocular sx controlled with patanol \u00ff\u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect (fhx, c/d) tmax 22/19 DATE_TIME, no LOCATION x DATE_TIME (previously 15/16). cct 549/540 (ave). PERSON (mother) h/o steroids for 6 mo for reaction to statin hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: full ou hvf DATE_TIME: od ?early sns (sup rim losses likely 2/2 lid artifact), os sns & ins (ins reproducible from prior), superior rim losses hvf DATE_TIME: od superior and inferior rim losses. os: ins DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable c/w 2012 oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou disc photos DATE_TIME: 0.5 ou - no h/o sob/asthma/cardiac problems, no allergy to sulfa >> DATE_TIME with 2nd hvf showing os ins. given c/d and PERSON, started txe ou qam >> DATE_TIME: iop improved and hvf now clear. will continue txe qam ou and follow \u00ffdfe DATE_TIME >> DATE_TIME: hvf full ou, iop mildly elevated od, reports has not used txe in DATE_TIME, encouraged compliance, continue txe qam ou \u00ff 4. pvd ou >> retinal detachment precautions ou", "gpt4_summary": "71 y.o. black, non-hispanic female, no glaucoma diagnosis. History of hypercholesterolemia, pmr, gerd, contact dermatitis. She has mild cataracts, environmental allergies, suspected glaucoma due to family history.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07951", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07951.jpg", "filename": "data_07951.npz", "report": "77 y.o. male at post-op visit. Has combined cataract & experiences decreased clarity, but refracts to 20/20. Advised to use artificial tears. No pseudoexfoliation. Suspected of Glaucoma due to large c/d ratio, thinning ou, normal hvf.", "age": 77.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "77 y.o.\u00ffmale\u00ffpresents for post-op visit. \u00ff\u00ff 1. PERSON doing well rx provided, low distance correction od \u00ff 2. combined cataract os notices decreased clarity with os but refracts to 20/20 complains of symptoms at DATE_TIME advised to try artificial tears monitor for now \u00ff\u00ff poor dilation no flomax no pseudoexfoliation \u00ff 3. glaucoma suspect large c/d ratio iop ok pachy 497/502: true iop higher than measured DATE_TIME: borderline temporal thinning ou hvf DATE_TIME: normal ou, reliable", "gpt4_summary": "77 y.o. male at post-op visit. Has combined cataract & experiences decreased clarity, but refracts to 20/20. Advised to use artificial tears. No pseudoexfoliation. Suspected of Glaucoma due to large c/d ratio, thinning ou, normal hvf.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07952", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07952.jpg", "filename": "data_07952.npz", "report": "Patient has hypertensive disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and past cerebrovascular accident. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 63.91, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "DATE_TIME MEE COMP OPH MC TECH LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER Condition List as of DATE_TIME Hypertensive disorder Diabetes mellitus Hypercholesterolemia Cerebrovascular accident Results Summary Immunizations Administered on Date of Encounter", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has hypertensive disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and past cerebrovascular accident. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07953", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07953.jpg", "filename": "data_07953.npz", "report": "The patient has a left homonymous incongruous visual field defect and possible left-sided neglect. Optic disc drusen ou and pseudophakia ou were also diagnosed. No signs of glaucoma reported.", "age": 67.67, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "consistently reduced, suggesting an element of neglect. extraocular motility is full and the patient is orthophoric in all gaze directions. on dilated fundus evaluation, there are optic disc drusen ou (buried od, some external os). there are some extramacular drusen od > os. i obtained an oct of the rnfl and gc complex that were not consistent with transynaptic degeneration. in summary, wendy's exam is consistent with a left homonymous incongruous visual field defect with exam findings suggestive of some left-sided neglect. as we discussed, the most important step at this point is to rule out a structural lesion in the right parietal vs occipital lobe to explain the deficit. she has only undergone NRP without contrast, so we will obtain a mri brain c+c-. if the imaging is negative, an alternative possibility would be an early presentation of pca, although i did not detect higher order visual dysfunction on exam DATE_TIME. she denies any significant cognitive changes over DATE_TIME, although she has experienced some mild word finding difficulty when she is tired. we will decide on the relevance of obtaining formal cognitive testing if the mri comes back negative. impression: 1. left homonymous incongruous visual field defect -rule out right parietal / occipital lesion -less likely early pca 2. optic disc drusen ou 3. pseudophakia ou. recommendations: 1. mri brain c+c- 2. further investigation based on the results of #1. it is a pleasure to participate in the care of this patient. please do not hesitate to call with questions. ? sincerely, ? PERSON, PERSON spent DATE_TIME with this patient, more than 50% of which was face to face with the patient.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a left homonymous incongruous visual field defect and possible left-sided neglect. Optic disc drusen ou and pseudophakia ou were also diagnosed. No signs of glaucoma reported.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07954", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07954.jpg", "filename": "data_07954.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and high-risk suspect in the right eye. Plan includes Travatan Z treatment starting in the left eye. Tilted nerves and cataract present.", "age": 65.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "65 y.o. f referred by dr. PERSON for glaucoma eval # primary open angle glaucoma, likely mild stage os, high risk suspect od unknown fh glaucoma hx PERSON heme os DATE_TIME cct 590's ou tilted nerves oct with thinning os>od hvf with superior defects od>os, possible rim artifact, would need to repeat diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. # refractive error low hyperopia # cataract ou - nvs plan start travatan z os discussion about glaucoma, may eventually recommend pga to take ou but patient prefers starting with os first se reviewed return in DATE_TIME for iop check and gonio only repeat hvf in DATE_TIME with care to avoid rim artifact", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female diagnosed with likely mild stage primary open angle glaucoma in the left eye and high-risk suspect in the right eye. Plan includes Travatan Z treatment starting in the left eye. Tilted nerves and cataract present.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07955", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07955.jpg", "filename": "data_07955.npz", "report": "60-year-old male with hypothyroidism has refractive error, suspected open angle glaucoma (OAG) with no family history of glaucoma and a history of Chalazion in right upper lid. No glaucoma confirmed.", "age": 60.85, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "60 yo man with hypothyrodism Last seen DATE_TIME by me \u00ff 1. Refractive error OU - baseline hyperopic - presbyopia, age appropriate - MRx Given \u00ff 2. OAG suspect (incr c/d) - No family history of glaucoma - Pachy thin by Dr. PERSON at 470/475-- IOP likely slightly higher - nl IOPs - HVF reliable and full OU 2011 - HVF reliable and full OU 8/2014 - HVF reliable and full OU 2/2019 - HVF reliable and full OU 10/2021 - NFL OCT 8/2014 and 2/2019 and 10/2021 WNL OU - low suspicion at this time; plan to alternate years with testing \u00ff 3. Hx Chalazion right upper lid-- no recurrence Followup plan: \u00ff 2022: MRx, DFE 2023: RNFL OCT, HVF 24-2 _____________________ PERSON LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "60-year-old male with hypothyroidism has refractive error, suspected open angle glaucoma (OAG) with no family history of glaucoma and a history of Chalazion in right upper lid. No glaucoma confirmed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07956", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07956.jpg", "filename": "data_07956.npz", "report": "The patient has mild cupping in the left eye which is greater than the right, borderline pressures, and normal OCT of RNFL. Presence of subretinal fluid in left eye and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned.", "age": 66.38, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "spanish", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: mild cupping os>od with borderline pressures normal oct of rnfl ou; PERSON PERSON and PERSON; focal subret fluid os by oct--unchanged nuclear sclerosis ou refr error plan: no need for new mrx, stable art tears prn PERSON and hvf marando, pgy4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild cupping in the left eye which is greater than the right, borderline pressures, and normal OCT of RNFL. Presence of subretinal fluid in left eye and nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. No glaucoma mentioned.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07957", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07957.jpg", "filename": "data_07957.npz", "report": "Patient is on glaucoma medication but has experienced intolerances. Patient has ocular hypertension, drop allergies, and side effects, but is responding well to latanoprost. Other medical problems include laryngeal cancer and copd/emphysema.", "age": 75.63, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: PERSON (cost), dorzolamide/timolol (drop with too thick consistency, difficulty administering), timolol and possibly brimonidine (shortness of breath) target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 27 / 22 (32 os on pod1 s/p phaco) central corneal thickness: 499 / 517 corneal hysteresis: 8.3 / 8.4 gonioscopy: PERSON 2-3+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no focal thinning retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning visual fields, right eye: inferior arcuate (superior brvo) visual fields, left eye: full family history: father, sister steroids: ozurdex trauma: none asthma/copd: copd/emphysema other medical history and problems: laryngeal cancer s/p chemoradiation assessment/plan: 75 y.o. male # ocular hypertension, right eye - extremely poor self-reported drop adherence with multiple drop allergies/side effects, but doing well with latanoprost - previously discussed selective laser trabeculoplasty as an option - iop acceptable ou, vf ou and DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME with image capture variation vs thinning superiorly in setting of superior brvo - continue latanoprost qhs od - return in DATE_TIME for iop check # branch retinal vein occlusion, right eye - s/p multiple anti-vegf od - next appointment with PERSON PERSON DATE_TIME # s/p cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens, both eyes - od DATE_TIME, os toric at 175 axis DATE_TIME, PERSON rao # allergic conjunctivitis - pataday/zaditor as needed PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON i attest that i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe and updated by me is complete and accurate. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "Patient is on glaucoma medication but has experienced intolerances. Patient has ocular hypertension, drop allergies, and side effects, but is responding well to latanoprost. Other medical problems include laryngeal cancer and copd/emphysema.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07958", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07958.jpg", "filename": "data_07958.npz", "report": "Clinical note shows no pre-visit symptoms or concerning comorbidities for the patient. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 77.73, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON pre-visit symptom screening date: DATE_TIME symptoms fever: no cough: no mild shortness of breath: no sore throat: no muscle aches: no nasal congestion: no loss of smell/taste: no atypical symptom concerning for PERSON: no concerning symptoms or comorbidities: no additional symptom comments:not answered date of symptom onset: not answered pre-visit screening in DATE_TIME, has the patient had a positive or pending DATE_TIME test outside of Institution? no in DATE_TIME, has the patient spent DATE_TIME within 6 feet of anyone currently infected with DATE_TIME? no", "gpt4_summary": "Clinical note shows no pre-visit symptoms or concerning comorbidities for the patient. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07959", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07959.jpg", "filename": "data_07959.npz", "report": "Post cataract surgery patient with history of suspected glaucoma exhibited acceptable intraocular pressure, better compliance with Timolol, normal visual field, stable retinal nerve fiber layer.", "age": 85.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "imp: s/p cataract surgery ou (talamo od; PERSON) hx glaucoma suspect--ocular hypertension iop acceptable DATE_TIME - patient reports better compliance with timolol --normal hvf and stable oct of rnfl ou today PERSON repair od refr error plan: continue timolol ou qd 6 mo exam", "gpt4_summary": "Post cataract surgery patient with history of suspected glaucoma exhibited acceptable intraocular pressure, better compliance with Timolol, normal visual field, stable retinal nerve fiber layer.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07960", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07960.jpg", "filename": "data_07960.npz", "report": "The patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) at 29/33 indicating presence of glaucoma. They have been treated with latanoprost which has yielded excellent response. Their mother has ocular hypertension.", "age": 30.55, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: elevated iop, 29/33 by optometry here DATE_TIME target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 29 ( ) / 33 ( ) central corneal thickness: 626 / 619 gonioscopy: refractive error: od -PHONE_NUMBER / os -PHONE_NUMBER optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: visual fields on initial visit right eye: visual fields on initial visit left eye: medication history and intolerances: glaucoma procedures right eye : glaucoma procedures left eye : other eye procedures: family history: mother with oht treated steroids: long-term, asthma trauma:assaulted DATE_TIME, concussion, DATE_TIME, had hyphema and elevated iop asthma:+ other history and problems: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis ou plan: excellent response to latanoprost check in DATE_TIME, iop", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) at 29/33 indicating presence of glaucoma. They have been treated with latanoprost which has yielded excellent response. Their mother has ocular hypertension.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07961", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07961.jpg", "filename": "data_07961.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 39.88, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "homocysteine, folate, thiamine, riboflavin, copper i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. ? PERSON, LOCATION.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07962", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07962.jpg", "filename": "data_07962.npz", "report": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. More information is needed.", "age": 69.21, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "november i, PERSON, am acting as scribe for PERSONmd, PERSON for patient PERSON on DATE_TIME. - Person i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note doesn't provide specific details about the patient's condition, including the presence of glaucoma. More information is needed.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07963", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07963.jpg", "filename": "data_07963.npz", "report": "A 71-year-old financial consultant with a history of hypertension, sleep apnea, melanoma and other conditions. There is no explicit mention of the presence of glaucoma. Patient does have mild c/d asymmetry, a cataract in the left eye, and metastatic melanoma.", "age": 71.32, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "71 yo financial consultant with history of htn, sleep apnea, melanoma (back, groin) DATE_TIME (s/p pelvic radiation and chemotherapy), scc 4/04, bell's palsy 1989, lyme treated empirically with doxy x 2 PERSON 81 mg polycarbonates originally called 'non-shatter' by ge \u00ff\u00ff 1. s/p phaco/pciol od DATE_TIME s/p yag pc od DATE_TIME >> healed well. no steroids per oncology as he is on immunotherapy for mm \u00ff\u00ff 2. mild c/d asymmetry od>os in setting of larger LOCATION (19 od pod#1). cct 571/573 (thick). PERSON (mother, sister probably doesn't have it but not positive) hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os 100% fixation losses, central depression c/w dense amblyopia hvf DATE_TIME: od superior losses, os paracentral depression with 100% fixation losses hvf DATE_TIME: od fixation losses. full oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou, stable DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: wnl ou oct DATE_TIME: PERSON ou dp: 0.65/0.6 >> will follow. DATE_TIME/u \u00ff\u00ff 3. cataract os -following for now, given limited potential due to strabismic amblyopia \u00ff\u00ff 4. PERSON with residual let s/p strabismus surgery DATE_TIME/p patching as child in LOCATION \u00ff\u00ff 5. PERSON, asx \u00ff\u00ff 6. PERSON >> epilated abberrant lash from lul on a prior visit \u00ff\u00ff 7. mgd ou -warm compresses \u00ff\u00ff 8. metastatic melanoma since DATE_TIME -enrolled in clinical trial for braf inhibitors, monitored by dr. PERSON \u00ff\u00ff 9. prolapsed orbital fat LOCATION -saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME, no further imaging necessary, bx if any changes >> asx \u00ff\u00ff jeng-miller, pgy-4 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes.", "gpt4_summary": "A 71-year-old financial consultant with a history of hypertension, sleep apnea, melanoma and other conditions. There is no explicit mention of the presence of glaucoma. Patient does have mild c/d asymmetry, a cataract in the left eye, and metastatic melanoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07964", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07964.jpg", "filename": "data_07964.npz", "report": "The patient has ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye due to thyroid disease and steroid use. The patient has a history of asthma worsened by glaucoma drops and is currently on Advair. The patient also has cataracts and a macular lesion in the left eye, color blindness, and had strabismus surgery. The patient uses long-term steroids and hydrocortisone for pituitary replacement.", "age": 69.24, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "attending a/p - ocular hypertension os > od, etiology from thyroid dz and steroid use. PERSON. PERSON. cct 570/ 580. hx of asthma, worse on glaucoma gtts. on advair now. DATE_TIME nl ou, nl in 12/13. PERSON in DATE_TIME. dp's stable in 6/13 goal PERSON around 20, os around 20 - iop good DATE_TIME plan: c/w xal ou qhs given pt is on steroid long term. - offered to see pt in DATE_TIME or sooner given i was unable to see him DATE_TIME. pt prefers DATE_TIME f/u. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop, hvf, LOCATION and dp's. - thyroid PERSON affecting os more than od. no apd in 4/12. ptosis PERSON. pt on continous hydrocortisone 15mg am, 10mg pm for pit replacement. plan: pt sees dr. prasad - s/p strabismus surgery in 5/13 plan: per dr. PERSON. - macular lesion os plan: per dr. PERSON/o congenital color blindness - cataracts ou, nvs plan: monitor - systemic / social issues: pt was on hydrocortisone for pituitary replacement. hx of pe, pt on PERSON. pt lives in LOCATION also sees dr. PERSON at PERSON (neuro-op)", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has ocular hypertension that is more severe in the left eye due to thyroid disease and steroid use. The patient has a history of asthma worsened by glaucoma drops and is currently on Advair. The patient also has cataracts and a macular lesion in the left eye, color blindness, and had strabismus surgery. The patient uses long-term steroids and hydrocortisone for pituitary replacement.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07965", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07965.jpg", "filename": "data_07965.npz", "report": "89-year-old non-Hispanic black female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 89.01, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 89 y.o. black, non-hispanic female was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "89-year-old non-Hispanic black female diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07966", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07966.jpg", "filename": "data_07966.npz", "report": "The note does not provide specific information about the presence or absence of glaucoma in the patient. An IOP check was conducted, which can be linked to diagnosing glaucoma.", "age": 59.35, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "clinic in DATE_TIME with iop check, arx and enter into epic PERSON acting as scribe for dr. PERSON NRP on DATE_TIME at DATE_TIME. i personally evaluated the patient and reviewed the history, physical examination, assessment and plan as documented by scribe, PERSON, LOCATION my significant findings and changes have been incorporated into the note as needed. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The note does not provide specific information about the presence or absence of glaucoma in the patient. An IOP check was conducted, which can be linked to diagnosing glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07967", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07967.jpg", "filename": "data_07967.npz", "report": "88-year-old female has pseudophakia, diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, and right 4th nerve palsy. She has a borderline intraocular pressure and dry eyes. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 88.15, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "88 y.o. female here for follow-up. here for iop check \u00ff 1. pseudophakia ou s/p yag capsulotomy ou doing well, vision good \u00ff 2. dm last a1c 7.2 DATE_TIME non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ou used to see dr. PERSON, wanted to transfer care to longwood (prefers this location) missed appointment because she was in the hospital. oct macula DATE_TIME: no macular edema, +erm ou hvf DATE_TIME: inf arcuate, sup and PERSON nasal step seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME exam recommended (alternate with cos DATE_TIME) \u00ff 3. epiretinal membrane ou missed appointment with retina DATE_TIME: erm ou, no diabetic edema, stable DATE_TIME: erm ou, stable \u00ff 4. right 4th nerve palsy saw neuro-op, thought to be likely vascular ok with 4prism diopter bd od \u00ff 5. borderline iop t current 18/20 pachy 565/581 oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal ou oct rnfl DATE_TIME: borderline sup thinning od oct rnfl DATE_TIME: normal both eyes DATE_TIME: normal both eyes hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression od, inferior defects os automated perimetry DATE_TIME: od sup arcuate, inf nasal step/ os: unreliable rec: - cont latanoprost qhs od - cont LOCATION bid od - iop check in DATE_TIME \u00ff 6. dry eye ou causing intermittent epiphora continue artificial tears qid start ointment qhs consider punctal plugs if not improved \u00ff", "gpt4_summary": "88-year-old female has pseudophakia, diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, and right 4th nerve palsy. She has a borderline intraocular pressure and dry eyes. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07968", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07968.jpg", "filename": "data_07968.npz", "report": "The 90-year-old male patient has a history of several conditions including hypertension, high cholesterol, COPD, and glaucoma. His IOP is stable on Cosopt. He has distichiasis, dry eye syndrome, and age-related macular degeneration. He is also experiencing intermittent peripheral diplopia.", "age": 91.06, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "90 m NRP war vet hx htn, hld, copd, cll \u00ff\u00ff # poag ou. iop stable on cosopt bid ou and PERSON [ fhx: no [ oct DATE_TIME: PERSON, sup and PERSON thinning os [ hvf DATE_TIME: od stable nonspecific inferior defects, os stable central depression and generalized depression - stable testing with acceptable iop DATE_TIME. - continue cosopt bid ou and PERSON distichiasis with trichiasis, l upper eyelid, causing foreign body sensation. - 8 fine distichiatic lashes epilated from medial l upper eyelid with forceps at slit lamp - consider oculoplastics referral to consider cautery as it is recurrent. \u00ff\u00ff # dry eye syndrome, mild. s/p rll punctal plug DATE_TIME - no longer present, but no symptoms in the right eye at this time. - continue artificial tears and warm compresses prn. \u00ff # s/p ce/pciol ou, doing well. - monitor \u00ff\u00ff # intermittent peripheral diplopia, possible myasthenia gravis. now no longer bothering pt. - saw PERSON, who referred him to PERSON (neurology) - dr reda suggested a trial of pyridostigmine but deferred due to potential side effects, particularly bradycardia - may wear eye patch when bothersome as a symptomatic measure - not bothering pt as much anymore (feels he is getting used to it) - f/u with PERSON \u00ff\u00ff # age-related macular degeneration ou: wet os, dry od. actively undergoing anti-vegf injections in the left eye - amsler grid, PERSON discussed - f/u with PERSON, next appt DATE_TIME - monocular precautions - polycarbonate glasses \u00ff\u00ff rtc to cos DATE_TIME for glaucoma f/u, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 90-year-old male patient has a history of several conditions including hypertension, high cholesterol, COPD, and glaucoma. His IOP is stable on Cosopt. He has distichiasis, dry eye syndrome, and age-related macular degeneration. He is also experiencing intermittent peripheral diplopia.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07969", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07969.jpg", "filename": "data_07969.npz", "report": "32 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "age": 32.69, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "unknown", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "a 32 y.o. white, non-hispanic male was evaluated and diagnosed with glaucoma.", "gpt4_summary": "32 y.o. white, non-hispanic male diagnosed with glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07970", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07970.jpg", "filename": "data_07970.npz", "report": "Patient given Xalatan 0.005% ophthalmic solution for ocular hypertension. Future labs/procedures include Humphrey Visual Field for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 55.98, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "(xalatan) 0.005 % ophthalmic solution sig: place 1 drop into each eye nightly. indications: ocular hypertension start: DATE_TIME quantity: 7.5 ml refills: 3 your orders normal orders this visit humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes future labs/procedures complete by expires humphrey visual field - ou - both eyes as directed DATE_TIME results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your user account.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient given Xalatan 0.005% ophthalmic solution for ocular hypertension. Future labs/procedures include Humphrey Visual Field for both eyes. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07971", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07971.jpg", "filename": "data_07971.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma, possibly inherited from father. No prior eye surgery or trauma apart from a branch to the eye. Mild superior defect detected. No cataracts. Needs lifelong follow-up and treatment adherence.", "age": 75.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "widowed", "note": "# glaucoma suspect ou prev followed by PERSON: possible in father (DATE_TIME) / steroids: no/ trauma: branch to the eye os prior surgery: none med intolerance: none ttarget: / , tmax: ( ) / ( ) 18 ou cct: 579, 584, 585 / 566, 569, 570 gonioscopy: open ou rnfl oct sup & inf wedge defects os vf mild sup defect os # nvs cataracts plan: likely with true thinning os though rnfl and gcc do not completely match up likely sup defect on vf now x 2 per patient has been followed at LOCATION for some time -- recommend obtain records (specifically vf and oct) can start treatment or repeat vf os one more time with lids taped would set target to 15 os based on tmax obtain records, repeat vf -- likely start treatment next visit diagnosis of glaucoma/glaucoma suspect discussed with patient - review of natural history and management options discussed. importance of lifelong follow up and adherence to treatments discussed in order to lower risk of permanent vision loss/blindness from glaucoma. all questions answered. i spent DATE_TIME with the patient, more than half of which was spent on counseling and coordination of care for this patient's glaucoma", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma, possibly inherited from father. No prior eye surgery or trauma apart from a branch to the eye. Mild superior defect detected. No cataracts. Needs lifelong follow-up and treatment adherence.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07972", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07972.jpg", "filename": "data_07972.npz", "report": "The 82-year-old male patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes and a cataract in both eyes. Eye pressure is acceptable now. The doctor prescribed continued doses of latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine.", "age": 82.7, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "82 m hx stomach ca, pafib, PERSON initially referred here by PERSON referred to me by PERSON for glaucoma evaluation. # open angle glaucoma, both eyes. [ fhx: no [ gonio DATE_TIME: open to ss/cbb 360 ou [ cct: 580,575 [ tmax: 24,28 [ oct DATE_TIME: superior and inferior thinning ou [ hvf DATE_TIME: generalized depression with possible ia PERSON, sa/sns and NRP - visual fields not consistent but glaucomatous changes likely - intraocular pressure acceptable at this time. - continue latanoprost ou qhs, dorzolamide/timolol ou bid, and brimonidine ou bid. # cataract, both eyes, not visually significant. - monitor for now. # non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, left >> right eye - f/u with PERSON as scheduled, next appt DATE_TIME (previously saw PERSON) # refractive error, would like to update glasses. - new rx given to patient. rtc DATE_TIME, sooner prn", "gpt4_summary": "The 82-year-old male patient has open angle glaucoma in both eyes and a cataract in both eyes. Eye pressure is acceptable now. The doctor prescribed continued doses of latanoprost, dorzolamide/timolol, and brimonidine.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07973", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07973.jpg", "filename": "data_07973.npz", "report": "The patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is experiencing vision loss. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note.", "age": 53.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "there is a possibility of improvement. i will plan to see her back again in DATE_TIME to continue monitoring her progress. ms. PERSON was also tearful at the end of the visit. her diagnosis of ms and the vision loss was been very stressful for her. she said that she has a good support system within her life, and i also encouraged her to seek out counseling if she thinks it would be help her adjust and manage her anxiety and stress. she has worked with someone in the past and may reach out to them. dr. PERSON and her ms team likely also would have good recommendations. recommendations: 1. return in DATE_TIME. continue follow up with dr. PERSON, ocrevus infusions for treatment of ms i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is experiencing vision loss. There is no mention of glaucoma in the note.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07974", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07974.jpg", "filename": "data_07974.npz", "report": "Patient has narrow angles in both eyes, not occludable/plateau config post-laser peripheral iridotomy. No evidence of intraocular pressure elevation or glaucoma. Issue of presbyopia/hyperopic astigmatism present. They agreed to laser iridoplasty.", "age": 59.58, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "resident assessment/plan - narrow angles ou, not occludable/plateau config s/p lpi URLtent. visual fields nl in 10/13. on's c:d 0.3 ou - no iop elevation after dilation 2. presbyopia/hyperopic astigmatism 3. cats ou: nvs, follow plan: follow up DATE_TIME with iop, gonio and dilated exam (tropicamide only) and dp's page 3 attending assessment/plan - narrow angles ou, plateau config s/p lpi URLtent. angles narrower in 12/17 ou. visual fields nl in 12/17 on's c:d 0.3 ou lost to f/u from DATE_TIME. narrow angles worsened in DATE_TIME. plan: will plan for iridoplasty od n/a. will need the same procedure os. risks including but not limited to loss of eye/ decreased vision/ rd/ infection/ bleeding/ elevation or lowering of intraocular pressure/ ptosis/ worsening cataract/ need for further surgery /etc. was discussed with patient. patient agreed to proceed with laser. 2. presbyopia/hyperopic astigmatism 3. cats ou: nvs, follow", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has narrow angles in both eyes, not occludable/plateau config post-laser peripheral iridotomy. No evidence of intraocular pressure elevation or glaucoma. Issue of presbyopia/hyperopic astigmatism present. They agreed to laser iridoplasty.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07975", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07975.jpg", "filename": "data_07975.npz", "report": "Patient's exam showed normal vision, optic nerve head edema, and slightly reduced ganglion cell complex thickness. Likely diagnosis is idiopathic intracranial hypertension. No evidence of glaucoma.", "age": 28.96, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "formulation: this patient has not followed up on my earlier recommendations but she has been doing fairly well until recently (this past may) when headaches returned. my exam showed normal central acuity and peripheral vision by automated perimetry. the fundus showed bilateral optic nerve head edema, frisen grade 1 ou, but with more volumetric elevation os oct testing revealed ganglion cell complex thickness of 86 and 83 microns, respectively. the oct did not show evidence of drusen or phoms. summary. this patient has carried a diagnosis of presumed iih since DATE_TIME but she was lost to follow-up and did not have the recommended mri and she only recently has started diamox. in the mean time, she has gained 10 pounds. the oct showed slightly reduced ganglion cell complex thickness on the left, i.e. the side with the slightly reduced ganglion cell complex, although her vision fields remain excellent. i emphasized the importance of follow-up and she has agreed to have the mri. impression: 1. likely idiopathic intracranial hypertension plan: 1. mri 2. return to clinic same day PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER i spent a total of DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating and finalizing the note.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient's exam showed normal vision, optic nerve head edema, and slightly reduced ganglion cell complex thickness. Likely diagnosis is idiopathic intracranial hypertension. No evidence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07976", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07976.jpg", "filename": "data_07976.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have nmo spectrum disorder but tested negative for antibodies. Her exam showed good afferent and efferent function with a normal visual field. She had eye movement pain and gcl thinning. No signs of optic neuritis or glaucoma detected.", "age": 41.36, "gender": "female", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "neurology, who felt her presentation is most consistent with nmo spectrum disorder, although she had negative antibodies on testing (DATE_TIME,\u00ff3/DATE_TIME). she returned again on DATE_TIME when her exam showed good afferent and efferent function and her symptoms returned to normal. she did not have vision loss with the more recent event and just had pain with eye movement od. visual field testing was normal and oct showed gcl thinning od stable from DATE_TIME. i recommended continued observation. in follow up DATE_TIME she has had no further events concerning for optic neuritis. testing DATE_TIME shows normal acuities, color vision, and visual fields. fundus exam shows mild right temporal pallor (stable). i recommended continued surveillance for mog/nmo or crion and treatment if there is a recurrence. recommendations: 1. repeat exam in DATE_TIME with visual field, DATE_TIME. follow up with dr. PERSON DATE_TIME. ? i personally spent a total of DATE_TIME on care for this patient on the date of the encounter. this includes face-to-face time during the visit as well as non face-to-face time spent on chart documentation, and care coordination. PERSON, LOCATION ?", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have nmo spectrum disorder but tested negative for antibodies. Her exam showed good afferent and efferent function with a normal visual field. She had eye movement pain and gcl thinning. No signs of optic neuritis or glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07977", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07977.jpg", "filename": "data_07977.npz", "report": "44 y.o. male presents with declining vision, dryness and mucus in eyes. Past history includes kidney stones and suspicion of glaucoma. On examination, significant anisometropia revealed. Patient is considered a glaucoma suspect.", "age": 44.75, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "44 y.o. male is a new patient to me and presents for a comprehensive eye exam. he was last seen by dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME and by dr. PERSON in DATE_TIME pohx: h/o PERSON ou in DATE_TIME with NRP, kcn, s/p collagen crosslinking with dr. PERSON, glaucoma suspect pmhx: kidney stones shx: police officer since his last eye exam he feels his vision is declining. he notes dryness and a lot of mucus in his eyes. assessment/plan: corneal ectasia - s/PERSON DATE_TIME, s/p PERSON by dr. PERSON DATE_TIME - patient feels vision is worsening, correctable with spectacles to 20/25 ou, was 20/30 ou in DATE_TIME - pentacam obtained DATE_TIME showing stable cornea od, os with worsened steepening, likely from progression - significant anisometropia, recommend rgp evaluation although might be difficult with patient's profession - recommend evaluation with cornea service for consideration of ccxl os - rtc to dr. davies n/a - rtc to optometry service prn for rgp evaluation \u00ff glaucoma suspect - glaucoma suspect based on increased cup/disc and cct - iop - 12/12 - tmax - 17/17 - cct - 436/467 from DATE_TIME - c/d - 0.5. 0.5 - family history - brother in LOCATION - last hvf performed - DATE_TIME - essentially full ou, non-specific inferior defect os > od, changes from baseline DATE_TIME rnfl performed - DATE_TIME - full, stable compared to baseline DATE_TIME - baseline fundus photos obtained - DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME - dilated optic nerve exam performed ou DATE_TIME - discussed potential for progressive irreversible vision loss due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. - return in DATE_TIME with oct rnfl incipient cataract ou myopia with astigmatism ou and anisometropia - tolerates anisometropia well - bcva 20/25- ou - new rx given rtc to me in DATE_TIME with oct rnfl rtc to cornea service (davies) for PERSON/kcn follow-up rtc to scl service for rgp eval prn PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "44 y.o. male presents with declining vision, dryness and mucus in eyes. Past history includes kidney stones and suspicion of glaucoma. On examination, significant anisometropia revealed. Patient is considered a glaucoma suspect.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07978", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07978.jpg", "filename": "data_07978.npz", "report": "Patient has early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in right eye (OD), intermediate AMD in left eye (OS), blepharitis/mgd, and refractive error. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 85.08, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "apparently something blew in left eye - trialed cl in the past, then found 3 cl in in LOCATION at prior visit w fortin - not interested in surgery >> monitor # dry amd early od, int os - okay to hold off on areds2 for now >> monitor # blepharitis/mgd >> lid scrubs prn # refractive error >> mrx provided previously for polycarbs, encouraged full time use rtc 8 mo dilate hvf oct rnfl, LOCATION, iop app PERSON, md, mph Institution | Institution", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has early dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in right eye (OD), intermediate AMD in left eye (OS), blepharitis/mgd, and refractive error. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07979", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07979.jpg", "filename": "data_07979.npz", "report": "The patient is suspected to have primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in left eye than right. There's no history of intolerance. The HVF in the right eye deteriorated, likely due to a cataracts. The patient saw a good response to previous treatments. Future plans include considering early cataract surgery.", "age": 79.38, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "periphery dfe 8/18, nl dfe 8/18, nl assessment and plan - ?primary open angle glaucoma ou, os > od, PERSON 18/ 17. no hx of intolerance. aa (LOCATION), cct 470/ 478. hvf od worse in 8/16, but probably from cataract. s/p slt os DATE_TIME w good response 14 -> 10 goal PERSON teens, os low teens (given thin cct) - at goal DATE_TIME plan: c/w xal ou qhs - note to PERSON will consider doing hvf os first then od in the future. - rtc in DATE_TIME for iop and hvf ou (os first then od). - cataracts ou, vs, causing dec of vf in DATE_TIME and worsening vf in DATE_TIME, probably from worsening cataracts ou. plan: pt to see dr. PERSON to consider early ce/iol ou. - dm s dr plan: per dr. PERSON - systemic / social issues: dm ? PERSON scribing for dr. PERSON. i was present while this encounter was recorded and agree that the information entered by my scribe is complete and accurate.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is suspected to have primary open angle glaucoma, more severe in left eye than right. There's no history of intolerance. The HVF in the right eye deteriorated, likely due to a cataracts. The patient saw a good response to previous treatments. Future plans include considering early cataract surgery.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07980", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07980.jpg", "filename": "data_07980.npz", "report": "The patient has a laceration of the globe of the eye. No information about glaucoma or immunizations administered is mentioned. Instructions to activate a patient gateway account are provided.", "age": 25.92, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "condition list as of DATE_TIME laceration of globe of eye results summary immunizations administered on date of encounter - DATE_TIME none patient gateway activation information your partners patient gateway account is ready to use. activate your account using following steps: 1. visit URL. 2. click 'enroll now' and create your partners patient gateway user account. for more detailed steps on enrollment please click the 'learn more' link underneath the 'enroll now' button on URL. important information about your partners patient gateway account: ? if you already have a partners patient gateway account, please sign in with your username and password. ? you must log into your partners patient gateway account within DATE_TIME or activation code will expire. ? trouble logging in? use support link found on the top right side of the login page. ? need help? partners patient gateway support team makes every effort to respond to phone or email messages within DATE_TIME. to reach the partners patient gateway support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a laceration of the globe of the eye. No information about glaucoma or immunizations administered is mentioned. Instructions to activate a patient gateway account are provided.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07981", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07981.jpg", "filename": "data_07981.npz", "report": "The patient has a history of migraines, transient visual loss in the right eye, likely due to migraines, and a monfixation syndrome. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 40.38, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "this concern, i obtained a 'timed' fluorescein angiogram, which showed normal retinal and choroidal perfusion. i recognize that the patient reports transient visual loss in the right eye alone, which would argue against a migraine etiology, since such events are almost always cortical in origin. however, even intelligent and well-informed patients can have difficulty in determining if visual events are monocular or binocular. given my belief that the transient visual events are migrainous, i recommend consideration of reducing the anti-platelet medication to whatever level would be appropriate for use after this pipeline procedure. impression: 1. status post (DATE_TIME) pipeline diversion procedure for a wide-neck carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm, right 2. history of migraine with visual aura 3. post pipeline stenting episodes of transient 'darkening' of vision in the right eye, likely migraine 4. monfixation syndrome 5. two second degree relatives who died of cerebral aneurysm recommendations: 1. follow-up neuro-ophthalmic examination in DATE_TIME PERSON, PERSON neuro-ophthalmology LOCATION PHONE_NUMBER fax PHONE_NUMBER", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a history of migraines, transient visual loss in the right eye, likely due to migraines, and a monfixation syndrome. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07982", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07982.jpg", "filename": "data_07982.npz", "report": "The 61 y.o. female patient is on treatment with eye drops. She has a family history of siblings with potential glaucoma. Her eye condition is stable and glaucoma is controlled. She's advised to continue her medication with latanoprost and txe 0.5%.", "age": 61.22, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "unknown", "note": "61 y.o. female 1. PERSON, tmax DATE_TIME ou, on treatment with drops since DATE_TIME cct average fhx + siblings with ohtn/glaucoma suspect hvf essen full ou oct stable ou dp stable tgoal <20 iop controlled ou plan: cpm with latanoprost ou qhs and txe 0.5% ou qam DATE_TIME vit heme os DATE_TIME, resolved, unclear etiology no tears/rd 3. DATE_TIME/o anisometropia with myopia os since childhood mrx given last time 4. mild ns ou, nvs, observe 5. pvd od, no tears/rd on last LOCATION warnings DATE_TIME iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The 61 y.o. female patient is on treatment with eye drops. She has a family history of siblings with potential glaucoma. Her eye condition is stable and glaucoma is controlled. She's advised to continue her medication with latanoprost and txe 0.5%.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07983", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07983.jpg", "filename": "data_07983.npz", "report": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, experienced visual disturbance possibly due to ocular migraine, and had irritation with latanoprost and travatan z, now switched to xelpros. Also has dry eyes and a nonsignificant cataract.", "age": 67.48, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "primary open angle glaucoma ou tcorr +2 ou hx of visual disturbance ? ocular migraine some redness and irritation with latanoprost before more compliant with PERSON now has taken travatan z - but still had some irritation, so we switched to xelpros DATE_TIME: thin but stable onh nfl; gcl thin overall hvf 24-2 ou 03/19: wnl - stable encouraged compliance with LOCATION-last pm was the first dose in a while--he should check to see if meds are expired \u00ff dry eyes encourage to continue using artificial tears \u00ff not visually significant cataract ou bcva od 20/20 os 20/30 ?amblyopic eye observe rec new rx for driving mostly for DATE_TIME driving \u00ff ? migraine aura patient reports visual disturbance DATE_TIME iop check", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has primary open angle glaucoma, experienced visual disturbance possibly due to ocular migraine, and had irritation with latanoprost and travatan z, now switched to xelpros. Also has dry eyes and a nonsignificant cataract.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07984", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07984.jpg", "filename": "data_07984.npz", "report": "The patient is a 65-year-old female former race car driver and art conservator. She is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye and is responding well to medication. She also has mild and visually insignificant cataracts in both eyes which are being monitored.", "age": 65.99, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "112 LOCATION left -2.50 -1.25 080 +2.25 assessment and plan first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME (previously followed by dr. PERSON) glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 16 / 23 central corneal thickness: 497 / 497 corneal hysteresis: 11. 0 / 11.3 gonioscopy: d35f 1+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: no thinning, avg 95 retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no thinning, avg 95 visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full family history: father; great uncle blind steroids: none trauma: head injury with brief loss of consciousness at DATE_TIME asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: generally healthy assessment/plan: 65 y.o. female former race car driver and art conservator # glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension, left eye - started latanoprost qhs os DATE_TIME with good response, made it ou due to asymmetric lash growth - added dorzolamide/timolol bid os DATE_TIME when iop 22 - iop acceptable ou, actually using dorzolamide/timolol bid ou instead of only os - continue latanoprost qhs ou, would be fine to use dorzolamide/timolol bid os only - has moved and requested recommendations for ophthalmologist near dartmouth, gave her name of dr. PERSON (or could see comprehensive ophthalmology), printed out her vf and oct for her to bring - happy to have patient return to see me at any as needed # s/p PERSON, both eyes (before DATE_TIME) - monitor # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor PERSON, PERSON___________________ i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the fellow. i have reviewed the fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a 65-year-old female former race car driver and art conservator. She is a glaucoma suspect due to cup to disc ratio and ocular hypertension in her left eye and is responding well to medication. She also has mild and visually insignificant cataracts in both eyes which are being monitored.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07985", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07985.jpg", "filename": "data_07985.npz", "report": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to ocular hypertension. No history of related trauma or steroid use, but a family history of glaucoma exists (maternal aunt). However, second opinion suggested the patient might not have glaucoma.", "age": 53.52, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "divorced", "note": "1. glaucoma suspect (never on drops) - h/o ocular hypertension by outside hospital, was told that she needed surgery, so came to PERSON for another opinion, where she was told that she may not have glaucoma - no history of trauma or steroid use - maternal aunt with glaucoma - cct 579/581 - tmax 28 (outside notes) but all PERSON relatively normal a. rtc DATE_TIME for pressure check and then to go to 12th floor for retinal photos then for nevus od photos; pt knows that she'll be dilated for next time and that it'll be DATE_TIME with retinal photos 2. posterior vitreous detachment - pvd ou - rd precautions given 3. choroidal nevus od - pt told that it may be benign but i can not say for sure; r/b/a of consult with retina told, and pt even refused photos of retinal lesion DATE_TIME because already waited a long time DATE_TIME; also she knows that if she comes back next time, that we won't have baseline retinal photos to c/w DATE_TIME but pt said that she understands and still will defer photos; will have retinal photos next time; i told pt that she should have photos asap and maybe in DATE_TIME but pt refuse to come back until DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient suspected of glaucoma due to ocular hypertension. No history of related trauma or steroid use, but a family history of glaucoma exists (maternal aunt). However, second opinion suggested the patient might not have glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07986", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07986.jpg", "filename": "data_07986.npz", "report": "49 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (controlled), a family history, and refractive error. Prescribed new glasses. Plan to repeat glaucoma tests in future.", "age": 49.1, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "49 y.o. female 1. poag (s) ou fhx + grandmother (mgm) iop controlled hvf wnl ou oct wnl ou tmax 20,16 cct 513,521 dp stable observe 2. refractive error: a prescription for new glasses was given to the patient DATE_TIME. 3.h/o PERSON dec caffeine inc sleep inc lubrication quiet lately DATE_TIME, mrx, PERSON, plan to repeat glau screening tests in DATE_TIME given stable results DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "49 y.o. female has primary open-angle glaucoma (controlled), a family history, and refractive error. Prescribed new glasses. Plan to repeat glaucoma tests in future.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07987", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07987.jpg", "filename": "data_07987.npz", "report": "Patient exhibits high glaucoma risk in both eyes with borderline findings of open angle. No glaucomatous vf loss observed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal, with stable temp thinning in left eye.", "age": 58.33, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. visual acuity visual acuity (snellen - linear) right left dist sc 20/15 20/20 tonometry tonometry (applanation, DATE_TIME) right left pressure 16 16 main ophthalmology exam external exam right left external normal normal slit lamp exam right left lids/lashes normal normal conjunctiva/sclera perilimbal bam perilimbal bam cornea normal normal anterior chamber normal normal iris normal normal lens normal normal fundus exam right left vitreous normal normal disc normal normal c/d ratio 0.7 0.7 macula normal normal vessels normal normal periphery normal normal problem list items addressed this visit eye/vision problems open angle with borderline findings and high glaucoma risk in both eyes overview open angle glaucoma suspect ou: cct 510s iop off drops 16/18 +family history (uncle), NRP -no glaucomatous vf loss, cupping od>os but with healthy rims; oct with temp thinning ou (not glaucomatous in pattern) -goal iop teens?: current assessment & plan iop at goal DATE_TIME hvf with non specific defects and oct with stable temp thinning os plan: monitor off drops? follow-up in DATE_TIME hvf PERSON, LOCATION", "gpt4_summary": "Patient exhibits high glaucoma risk in both eyes with borderline findings of open angle. No glaucomatous vf loss observed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is at goal, with stable temp thinning in left eye.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07988", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07988.jpg", "filename": "data_07988.npz", "report": "The note presents a history of hypercholesterolemia in a 68-year-old retired construction worker. Currently, the patient is suspected for glaucoma with symptoms of thinning right eye and borderline nasal losses. Family history includes glaucoma.", "age": 68.47, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "68 PERSON retired from construction (referees ice hockey) with history of hypercholesterolemia 1. s/p phaco/pciol ou (od DATE_TIME and os DATE_TIME) flomax. -iop at pow#1 27 >> started txe od qam while on pf now off and PERSONME; mild pco od>os, asx, will follow 2. s/p ppv/el/c3f8 os DATE_TIME for mac-off rd (dr. PERSON) s/p ppv/el/c3f8 od DATE_TIME for superior mac-off rd (dr. PERSON) >> notes PERSON seem tilted to the left. retina attached, oct looks good -saw dr. PERSON DATE_TIME, to f/u DATE_TIME 3. erm od and erm with PERSON os DATE_TIME: od rd. os erm with PERSON mac DATE_TIME: od erm with sl loss of foveal contour os erm, PERSON, stable >> will follow \u00ff\u00ff 4. hx lattice degeneration od \u00ff\u00ff 5. PERSON. glaucoma suspect (c/d, od>os) tmax 26/38. cct 580/570 (thick) +fhx glaucoma (maternal aunt and uncle, followed at LOCATION and post-surgery) +used combigan os x DATE_TIME after phaco gonio DATE_TIME: cbb 360' ou hvf DATE_TIME: od borderline nasal losses. os full 1st hvf DATE_TIME: od full. os focal enlarged bs inferiorly DATE_TIME: od is thinning, similar. os wnl DATE_TIME: od rd. PERSON, stable oct DATE_TIME: od is thinning. os wnl DATE_TIME: od borderline s and PERSON, sl worse than DATE_TIME. os PERSONIME: PERSON PERSON. os wnl >> DATE_TIME: discussed risk for glaucoma, per ohts calculator 10% over DATE_TIME. he prefers to follow closely for now >> will follow", "gpt4_summary": "The note presents a history of hypercholesterolemia in a 68-year-old retired construction worker. Currently, the patient is suspected for glaucoma with symptoms of thinning right eye and borderline nasal losses. Family history includes glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07989", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07989.jpg", "filename": "data_07989.npz", "report": "Patient was instructed to stop using latanoprost/xalatan and to use Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day for both eyes. The note indicates glaucoma treatment.", "age": 78.89, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "medication route frequency latanoprost/xalatan\u00f8 (PERSON) stop zioptan\u00f8 (vials) both eyes DATE_TIME preservative-free dorzolamide/timolol [cosopt]\u00fd (vials) both eyes 2x/day \u00f8 some medications that may be prescribed in lieu of this medication include: latanoprost, xalatan, travatan z, travaprost, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION/tafluprost (preservative-free). \u00fd this medication is also known as cosopt, and it represents a combination of timolol and dorzolamide. always wait DATE_TIME (by the clock) in between eye drops. please bring this to your next visit. for routine questions, please call PHONE_NUMBER (LOCATION, ask for glaucoma department) or PHONE_NUMBER (longwood). you can also reach dr. PERSON 's administrative assistant emergencies, please call PHONE_NUMBER and ask for the glaucoma physician on-call.", "gpt4_summary": "Patient was instructed to stop using latanoprost/xalatan and to use Dorzolamide/Timolol 2x/day for both eyes. The note indicates glaucoma treatment.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07990", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07990.jpg", "filename": "data_07990.npz", "report": "The patient has a possible thinning of the retinal nerve fiber in the right eye, but healthy nerves. There's no thinning in the left eye. The patient has a history of glaucoma but currently no treatment due to acceptable intraocular pressure level.", "age": 58.44, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME glaucoma medication intolerances: none target iop: 22 / 22, tmax: unknown / unknown (never high) central corneal thickness: 553 / 546 gonioscopy: (b-c)c20b 2+ ou retinal nerve fiber layer, right eye: possible superior thinning, healthy nerves retinal nerve fiber layer, left eye: no focal thinning visual fields, right eye: full visual fields, left eye: full, rim artifact family history: mother and father steroids: none trauma: none asthma/copd: none other medical history and problems: endometrial cancer s/p tah (DATE_TIME) assessment/plan: 58 y.o. female # anatomic narrow angle/primary angle closure suspect, both eyes - iop acceptable ou, angles borderline - continue to monitor without initiating treatment - return in DATE_TIME for iop check, dilate # cataract, both eyes - mild, not visually significant, monitor # hyperopic astigmatism - dispensed updated mrx DATE_TIME PERSON, ms iv PERSON, md", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has a possible thinning of the retinal nerve fiber in the right eye, but healthy nerves. There's no thinning in the left eye. The patient has a history of glaucoma but currently no treatment due to acceptable intraocular pressure level.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07991", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07991.jpg", "filename": "data_07991.npz", "report": "The patient is a female with primary open-angle glaucoma/low tension glaucoma at a moderate stage. She has no history of allergies but has nonspecific defects in the visual field and optic nerve thinning. No vitreous prolapse identified. Cataract issues are also noted. She agreed to undergo surgery with identified risks. History of conjunctivitis noted.", "age": 74.75, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "PERSON s PERSON is a DATE_TIME. female - primary open angle glaucoma/low tension glaucoma mod stage DATE_TIME -cct 510/516. no hx of allergies. -humphrey visual field (hvf) nonspecific defects od, inferior arc left eye -optic nerve/DATE_TIME shows thinning ou goal iop low teens ou - at goal but hvf os may be worse in DATE_TIME plan: c/w timolol xe ou qday. - add xal ou qhs. - cataract od vs, pt having LOCATION and vf loss - s/p phaco/pciol os DATE_TIME small pc opening in area of psc, lens in bag and stable, no vitreous prolapse plan: will plan for ce/iol od. aim plano. pt is aware of increased risk of complications given possible post capsular weakness. risks including but not limited to loss of eye/ decreased vision/ rd/ infection/ bleeding/ elevation or lowering of intraocular pressure/ ptosis/ worsening cataract/ need for further surgery /etc. was discussed with patient. patient agreed to proceed with surgery. - des plan: pres PERSON. - hx of conjunctivitis ou, s/p antibiotic and steroid treatment. - other: pt lives in LOCATION for DATE_TIME - here in DATE_TIME and there in DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The patient is a female with primary open-angle glaucoma/low tension glaucoma at a moderate stage. She has no history of allergies but has nonspecific defects in the visual field and optic nerve thinning. No vitreous prolapse identified. Cataract issues are also noted. She agreed to undergo surgery with identified risks. History of conjunctivitis noted.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07992", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07992.jpg", "filename": "data_07992.npz", "report": "Patient had initial glaucoma procedure: laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Central corneal thickness: 564/ 563. There was no previous history of medical issues; all visual fields normal. Plan to start timolol.", "age": 36.23, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "first seen by PERSON PERSON on DATE_TIME, former lqs diagnosis: primary angle closure suspect target iop: / , tmax: ( ) / ( )23/20 central corneal thickness: 564 / 563 (prk) gonioscopy: trabecular meshwork after laser peripheral iridotomy refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: normal optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: normal visual fields on initial visit right eye: normal visual fields on initial visit left eye: normal medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: laser peripheral iridotomy glaucoma procedures left eye: laser peripheral iridotomy other eye procedures right eye: prk other eye procedures left eye: prk other eye problems right eye: other eye problems left eye: family history: no steroids: no trauma: no asthma: no other medical history and problems: none plan: intraocular pressure high right eye especially compared to left eye and rest of exam normal. check in DATE_TIME, start timolol", "gpt4_summary": "Patient had initial glaucoma procedure: laser peripheral iridotomy in both eyes. Central corneal thickness: 564/ 563. There was no previous history of medical issues; all visual fields normal. Plan to start timolol.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07993", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07993.jpg", "filename": "data_07993.npz", "report": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON, diagnosed as keratoconus and glaucoma suspect. No glaucoma procedures have been done. Intraocular pressure below target in both eyes. No medical/family history mentioned. Patient has keratoconus.", "age": 36.6, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "first seen by dr. PERSON on DATE_TIME diagnosis: kcn, glaucoma suspect target iop: DATE_TIME, tmax: 17 ( ) / 16 ( ) central corneal thickness: 447 / 446 pentacam 462/451 on DATE_TIME gonioscopy: open ou refractive error: od . . / os . . optic nerve findings on initial visit right eye: 0.75 optic nerve findings on initial visit left eye: 0.75 visual fields on initial visit right eye: full visual fields on initial visit left eye: full medication history and intolerances at first visit: none glaucoma procedures right eye: none glaucoma procedures left eye: none other eye procedures right eye: none other eye procedures left eye: none other eye problems right eye: kcn ou other eye problems left eye: kcn ou family history: none steroids: none trauma: none asthma: none other medical history and problems: none initial note: enlarged cup to disc asymmetry, thin cct plan: #glaucoma suspect intraocular pressure below target both eyes, exam/humphrey visual field/optical coherence tomography stable rtc DATE_TIME with disc photos ou, dilation ou, oct rnfl/gcc both eyes #keratoconus - patient requested updated pachy DATE_TIME, stable compared to DATE_TIME", "gpt4_summary": "Patient seen by Dr. PERSON, diagnosed as keratoconus and glaucoma suspect. No glaucoma procedures have been done. Intraocular pressure below target in both eyes. No medical/family history mentioned. Patient has keratoconus.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07994", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07994.jpg", "filename": "data_07994.npz", "report": "67yo female patient has glaucoma (primary open-angle) in both eyes and follows a Xalatan treatment. Recently observed inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is 18/13. Dementia worsening.", "age": 67.87, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "67yo f her for 6 mo follow up 1.s/p cataract surgery ou doing well 2.poag ou, on xalatan ou. iop 18/13 DATE_TIME --oct of rnfl with od borderline inferior thinning, stable os as compared to DATE_TIME --hvf abn od>os w. gen depression, stable to slight improvement in mean deviation as compared to DATE_TIME --cct 598/602 URLrmatochalasis ou URLfr error plan: there is slight progression on oct rnlf, but this is not clearly seen in the hvf. consider adding on dorzolamide. rx=m glasses 1 mo for iop check begaj pgy2 i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. now with worsening dementia, since last visit needs consult with glaucoma service", "gpt4_summary": "67yo female patient has glaucoma (primary open-angle) in both eyes and follows a Xalatan treatment. Recently observed inferior thinning in right eye. IOP is 18/13. Dementia worsening.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07995", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07995.jpg", "filename": "data_07995.npz", "report": "The patient has mild PVD in the right eye, mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, and low intraocular pressure. The HVF is normal. Glaucoma not indicated. Plan is yearly monitor with HVF and OCT.\n", "age": 59.61, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "imp: pvd od mild nuclear sclerosis ou old operc ret PERSON; low iop; PERSON; nl hvf; LOCATIONstable NRP error plan: rd s&s disc rx=m yrly with hvf and oct", "gpt4_summary": "The patient has mild PVD in the right eye, mild nuclear sclerosis in both eyes, and low intraocular pressure. The HVF is normal. Glaucoma not indicated. Plan is yearly monitor with HVF and OCT.\n", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07996", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07996.jpg", "filename": "data_07996.npz", "report": "65 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history. Low suspicion, low risk. Currently, no signs of glaucoma. Advised monitoring, further testing only with changes in appearance or increased iop. Early, non-significant cataract and presbyopia noted.", "age": 65.69, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "65 y.o. female prev followed by PERSON talamo # previously followed as glaucoma suspect -strong fhx- mom suspect, pgm with glaucoma -healthy appearing discs ou -pachy: 528/530 -hvf DATE_TIME: full ou -oct DATE_TIME: normal ou >low suspicion, low risk. hold off on further testing unless changes in onh appearance or increased iop. # early cataract ou -not visually significant >monitor # presbyopia >otc readers rtc 1-2 year", "gpt4_summary": "65 y.o. female, glaucoma suspect due to family history. Low suspicion, low risk. Currently, no signs of glaucoma. Advised monitoring, further testing only with changes in appearance or increased iop. Early, non-significant cataract and presbyopia noted.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07997", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07997.jpg", "filename": "data_07997.npz", "report": "The clinical note does not provide any details about a medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma.", "age": 68.04, "gender": "female", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "support team, email EMAIL_ADDRESSPHONE_NUMBER. calls or messages are answered DATE_TIME, DATE_TIME, est - and will make every effort to contact you within DATE_TIME.", "gpt4_summary": "The clinical note does not provide any details about a medical condition or mention the presence of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07998", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07998.jpg", "filename": "data_07998.npz", "report": "76 y.o. male with primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, under Latanoprost treatment. Noted superior thinning & diffuse thinning in optic discs. Routine records from previous doctor requested. Significant cataracts in both eyes, considering cataract surgery.", "age": 76.89, "gender": "male", "race": "black", "ethnicity": "unknown", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "76 y.o. male 1. poag ou iop 16/15 on latanoprost qhs ou previously followed by PERSON at bidmc oct rfnl DATE_TIME: sup thinning od, sup thinning os oct gca: diffuse thinning od, temporal thinning os hvf-24-2 DATE_TIME : od: moderate reliability with 4/13 fl, with nasal step. os: reliable, with nonspecific defects pachy NRP: true iop same as measured -obtain records from PERSON office -continue latanoprost ou 2. visually sig cataract ou, bothered by glare refracts to 20/30 ou, bat 20/30 ou -observe for now, will think about cataract surgery on LOCATION, dilates well. -rtc in DATE_TIME to review previous records, iop check, repeat hvf LOCATION, PERSON i saw and evaluated this patient and discussed the case as appropriate with the resident/fellow. i have reviewed the resident/fellow's notes and made any necessary changes. PERSON, md, facs", "gpt4_summary": "76 y.o. male with primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, under Latanoprost treatment. Noted superior thinning & diffuse thinning in optic discs. Routine records from previous doctor requested. Significant cataracts in both eyes, considering cataract surgery.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_07999", "image_path": "slo_fundus_07999.jpg", "filename": "data_07999.npz", "report": "Patient has stable residual pituitary adenoma, measures 13 x 10 x 18. History of corneal scar in left eye. Follow-up and repeat MRI are scheduled. No mention of glaucoma.", "age": 49.59, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "single", "note": "stable\u00ffresidual\u00ffpituitary\u00ffadenoma\u00ffin\u00ffthe\u00ffright\u00ffsella\u00ffmeasuring\u00ff13\u00ffx\u00ff10\u00ffx\u00ff18PERSON per PERSON read. 3. history of a corneal scar in the left eye. recommendations. 1. follow-up oct rnfl and gcc, topcon fundus photos 2. repeat pituitary mri on on DATE_TIME as scheduled at LOCATION. 3. return to us for follow-up DATE_TIME after the mri, for goldmann visual fields, do not dilate. (pt also instructed to return with name of town his family is from.) 4. schedule vision rehabilitation consultation immediately after follow-up with me. PERSON, PERSON, neuro-ophthalmology service (this note was prepared with the assistance of pgy-2 resident PERSON, LOCATION) ----- [administrative formulation. my impression of this case is based upon an assessment of the the patient's problems as detailed under 'diagnoses' (listed above) that pose a threat to vision, neurological function or systemic health. my assessment of this case also included review of the following data: 1) results of tests and outside documents; review of unique test results (including those described under 'ancillary studies' above); ordering unique tests; assessment requiring independent historian); 2) independent interpretation of tests performed by PERSON ; and 3) discussion or communication of management with dr. . with respect to management, this patient has a - potentially moderate risk of visual or neurological morbidity related to the above diagnoses and considerations of management (including treatment limited by social determinants or health). i spent a total of greater than (DATE_TIME preparing and caring for this patient (face-to-face and non face-to-face); formulating (including review of the presentation with the resident or fellow or review of medical tests) and finalizing the note.]", "gpt4_summary": "Patient has stable residual pituitary adenoma, measures 13 x 10 x 18. History of corneal scar in left eye. Follow-up and repeat MRI are scheduled. No mention of glaucoma.", "glaucoma": "yes", "use": "validation" }, { "id": "data_08000", "image_path": "slo_fundus_08000.jpg", "filename": "data_08000.npz", "report": "43 y.o. male with history of pituitary germinoma, diabetes insipidus, Cushing syndrome had stable MRI. Complains of worsening near vision, presbyopia diagnosed. No glaucoma detected.", "age": 43.1, "gender": "male", "race": "white", "ethnicity": "non-hispanic", "language": "english", "maritalstatus": "married or partnered", "note": "43 y.o. male presents for follow-up last visit with me: DATE_TIME he lives and works in LOCATION ohx: hx of pituitary tumor followed by neurosurgery and radonc pmhx: pituitary germinoma s/p radiation DATE_TIME (discovered due to symptoms of fatigue and di), diabetes insipidus, cushing syndrome due to adrenal disease he had an mri DATE_TIME which was stable and he was recommended to have repeat imaging in DATE_TIME. hpi DATE_TIME: 43 y/o male here for DATE_TIME eye exam. last seen DATE_TIME recently moved back to the LOCATION from LOCATION. h/o pituitary germinoma s/p radiation DATE_TIME vision is getting worse esp at near. has to wear readers for small prints and for computer. denies new floaters or flashes. eyes are comfortable. no eye meds assessment/plan: # pituitary germinoma s/p radiation DATE_TIME - stable size on imaging DATE_TIME - pituitary gland is 2mm in dimension, no distinct lesion identified on imaging - DATE_TIME oct rnfl ou - hvf 24-2 DATE_TIME - full - color plates DATE_TIME full ou - recommend DATE_TIME hvf 24-2, color plates # presbyopia - recommend otc reading glasses prn rtc to me in DATE_TIME or sooner prn with hvf 24-2 and color plates PERSON, PERSON", "gpt4_summary": "43 y.o. male with history of pituitary germinoma, diabetes insipidus, Cushing syndrome had stable MRI. Complains of worsening near vision, presbyopia diagnosed. No glaucoma detected.", "glaucoma": "no", "use": "validation" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/pathology/pathology_train.json ================================================ [ { "id": 0, "image": "14633.jpg", "report": " Representative brightfield image showing the inferomedial boundary of the dorsolateral subventricular zone (dlSVZ) in a postnatal day (PN) 17 rat pup exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on PN7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1, "image": "2687.jpg", "report": " representative immunofluorescent pictures of NETs formation in Fcgr2b-/- and wild-type (Fcgr2b+/+) neutrophils after 4 h activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a NETs activator, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR-4 stimulator, as evaluated by the co-staining of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2, "image": "567.jpg", "report": " Nanoparticle uptake estimates with high and low estimate counting all unresolved nanoparticles on luminal side (unL) as internalized (int.), or as adhering (adh.) nanoparticles, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 3, "image": "16889.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of G1M2 laser confocal microscopy cultured as monolayers stained for Fibronectin (green) and counterstained with F-actin (phalloidin; red) and DNA (DAPI; white) (n = 1). Scale bar: 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 4, "image": "6440.jpg", "report": " CD3+ immunohistochemistry in small bowel neuroendocrine tumor tissue showing the tumor center (TC) and the invasive margin (IM) used to determine immune cell scor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 5, "image": "5869.jpg", "report": " aggregates of nanoparticles at different magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 6, "image": "5377.jpg", "report": " Correlation average of OmpG dimers at pH 5.0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 7, "image": "3150.jpg", "report": " Phenotypes of leaves with H2O2 treatment. The detached leaves of WT (left) and SlCCX1-LIKE-OE (right) plants were treated with H2O2 at 1 and 4 days", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 8, "image": "16772.jpg", "report": " Ser129-p aSyn+ network profiles showed only partial overlap with intracytoplasmic networks visualized by markers for beta-tubulin and neurofilament in the cytoplasm of a neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neuron in the SN of a PD patient", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 9, "image": "2490.jpg", "report": " EBER in situ hybridization is positive in almost all neoplastic lymphoid cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 10, "image": "15230.jpg", "report": " Detailed microstructure of PLL-modified MS/MC3T3-E1 cells/ECM constructs on day 14 in OSG medium; SEM observation under increasing magnification 500×, 1000×, and 2000×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 11, "image": "16879.jpg", "report": " Images of leaf sections obtained using either differential interference contrast or epifluorescent microscopy showing labeling of PD by immunolocalization of calreticulin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 12, "image": "12154.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×100 and ×200, Urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma, groups of tumour cells surrounded by extracellular mucin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 13, "image": "2132.jpg", "report": " Schematic of the Q51 construct, lacking all mEx1 domains except for the polyQ tract", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 14, "image": "13500.jpg", "report": " H&E-stained sections of rat colons from the model group at two different magnifications (40×, 100×, and 200×) using a light microscope. The blue double arrow indicates the thickness of the muscle layer. The red double arrow indicates the thickness of the mucosal layer, yellow double arrow indicates the length of intestinal glands. black arrows indicate goblet cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 15, "image": "9463.jpg", "report": " The constructs were removed from the culture dishes and placed bottom-up into 6-well tissue culture plates", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 16, "image": "748.jpg", "report": " mNeonGreen fluorescenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 17, "image": "698.jpg", "report": " Kidney sections from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) or minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were stained with elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT) (bars = 2 μm). Microstructures visualized with 561-nm and 640-nm excitation lasers were pseudo-colored in green and magenta, respectively. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM), but not conventional light microscopy, can visualize the structural difference in podocyte foot process between patients with MGA and MCNS. Yellow squared regions in the light microscopic images were analyzed by SIM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 18, "image": "2278.jpg", "report": " Effect of HCC on cerebral infarction volume in rats at different time after CIR (TCC staining. HCC group 7 days.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 19, "image": "5136.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (left) and immunohistochemical analysis (right) of serial sections of the LV myocardium obtained from the DCM control (wild-type DSG2) (upper) or the patient (II-1) (lower) during VAD implantation. Cardiomyocytes show negative reactivity for desmoglein-2 in the patient (II-1). Black arrow indicates a vacuolated structure in a cardiomyocyte. Scale bar: 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 20, "image": "5642.jpg", "report": " The infiltration of inflammatory cells can be seen whereas no bacteria can be found at 1,000 × magnification in the treatment group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 21, "image": "10839.jpg", "report": " Representative images of the metastatic carcinoma in the lung (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×20)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 22, "image": "13809.jpg", "report": " Pathologic histological changes of tracheal graft in allograft+azithromycin group (hematoxylin-eosin staining, the magnification of the left side of figure was 40, and the magnification of the right side of figure was 400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 23, "image": "615.jpg", "report": " Microscopy slide of an axial cut of the penis in the area of urethral defect demonstrating an absence of the ventral urethra.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 24, "image": "12607.jpg", "report": " Coloration: Blue and yellow setae of the spider Poecilotheria metallica", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 25, "image": "4607.jpg", "report": " Time-lapse fluorescence images of the CD44 molecules (immunostained by Alexa-Fluor-647-conjugated anti-CD44 antibody) captured during the CD34 knockdown (CD34-KD) KG1a cell rolling over E-selectin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 26, "image": "16313.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) micrographs of ciliated (A)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 27, "image": "14887.jpg", "report": " Frequency of the appearance of abnormal MB lobes in the sws dysfunction genotypes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 28, "image": "15877.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of TFF1 expression in gastric tissues", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 29, "image": "12153.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×100 and ×200, Duct cells are observed in the loose stroma.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 30, "image": "9418.jpg", "report": " Healthy skin microvessels with α-SMA expression restricted to pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 31, "image": "5287.jpg", "report": " CD3 (T-cell marker) highlights the atypical lymphocyte infiltrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 32, "image": "9788.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with TMX-NC at 20 mg/kg/day (oral)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 33, "image": "13475.jpg", "report": " Time series of the same egg chamber in the tube, with the posterior pole exposed to AB", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 34, "image": "6499.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ni(OH)2/CS/AC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 35, "image": "165.jpg", "report": " Intense light lamda was detected in the crystalline structures of neoplastic cells as indicated by the arrow (Immunoelectron microscopy labelling, × 20,000)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 36, "image": "3596.jpg", "report": " paper 1 treated in industrial reacto", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 37, "image": "15820.jpg", "report": " Ventral view of female embryos of wildtype strain injected with Dsx1 5′ UTR-GFP reporter mRNA and reporter mRNA plus Shep mRNA and Dsx1 5′ UTR without TGE-GFP reporter mRNA observed at 30 h after injection. GFP fluorescence signals showed efficiency of translation. The bright field images were used to understand the localization pattern of GFP expression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 38, "image": "9470.jpg", "report": " SEM images captured after the cultivation of S. mutans in the presence of a GI fraction", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 39, "image": "7961.jpg", "report": " The digital photo of sample B (novel colored latex paint coating containing paraffin@SiO2 colored microcapsules)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 40, "image": "6498.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ni(OH)2/CS with different magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 41, "image": "3536.jpg", "report": " Selected images of PAH 25%, pH 1.8", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 42, "image": "5081.jpg", "report": " enlargement of region (g1–i1)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 43, "image": "7890.jpg", "report": " After emergency mitral valve replacement, the explanted prosthesis with 1 leaflet clearly missing", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 44, "image": "2488.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells according to the TMIT classification: (C) TMIT III", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 45, "image": "2262.jpg", "report": " Protein-protein interaction network of CDK kinase-target networks (GeneMANIA)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 46, "image": "8715.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PG50 at magnification of 10 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 47, "image": "2322.jpg", "report": " Representative histological images of tissue biopsies withdrawn at time point 0 in a healthy part of the skin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 48, "image": "8324.jpg", "report": " BrdU and NeuN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 49, "image": "8027.jpg", "report": " SEM image of biocomposite at 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 50, "image": "13872.jpg", "report": " HRTEM image at the phase interface, oriented to the [001]α zone axis.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 51, "image": "6227.jpg", "report": " Projected light-sheet images of Tg(actb2:GCaMP6s, myl7:mCherry)lkc2 embryos indicating calcium dynamics at 16hpf of sibling.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 52, "image": "1069.jpg", "report": " Biofilms treated with 1× MIC diclofenac (Dc) alone or 1/4 MIC diclofenac (Dc) in combination with 1/4 MIC oxacillin (Ox) for 24 h and stained with 1% crystal violet. Biofilm formation was quantified by measuring sample absorbance at 595 nm using a microtiter plate reader. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; n = 5; p‐values are calculated using one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett correction; *** p < 0.001", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 53, "image": "16642.jpg", "report": " Images of the anatomical structure of shoots after 0 h, 1 h, and 4 h of treatment (− 25 °C) for both genotypes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 54, "image": "9889.jpg", "report": " EDS analysis of mesenchymal stem (MSCs) in gelatin/cellulose cryogels [133]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 55, "image": "11919.jpg", "report": " R′(x) defined by Equation (7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 56, "image": "2854.jpg", "report": " SEM image of carbon aerogel sample CA with a scale bar of 1 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 57, "image": "8683.jpg", "report": " Screenshot of NTA video that records Brownian motion of NDMVs with highlighted white dots for demonstrating particle size and concentration distribution from one sample in one experiment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 58, "image": "1893.jpg", "report": " compared with control (IF × 400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 59, "image": "12345.jpg", "report": " The representative micrograph of a preantral follicle from aged (52-week-old) mouse ovary, captured under a light microscope (original magnification, 100x). The follicle displays its characteristic features and has an average diameter of XX ± XX µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 60, "image": "6934.jpg", "report": " HPE of specimen from fourth patient showing only blastemal component, 400× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 61, "image": "14457.jpg", "report": " Progressing exocrine degradation with strong inflammatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 62, "image": "14284.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence for Wt1 and GFP in higher magnification of the two glomeruli outlined in the box in (D).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 63, "image": "8385.jpg", "report": " SEM observation of L. citreum biofilm on sucrose (40 g L−1) containing MRS at low magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 64, "image": "13170.jpg", "report": " In the testis, seminiferous tubules (T) had different nuclear staining intensities, from negative to strong", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 65, "image": "4448.jpg", "report": " Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1, VEGFA, FGF2, RUNX2, OPN, PPARγ, ALP, and OCN in femoral heads of rats", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 66, "image": "15962.jpg", "report": " SEM image of AEG at high resolutio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 67, "image": "1622.jpg", "report": " Expression of Sox5 (in red) in Sox10-positive Schwann cells (in green) at P", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 68, "image": "1096.jpg", "report": " TEM image of a helium FIB-milled edge of a free-standing MoS2 flake: The dashed line indicates the extent of amorphization; the red circle represents the size of the helium ion beam used. Adapted with permission from [25]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 69, "image": "15005.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence images of cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 70, "image": "5514.jpg", "report": " T. spiralis infected rats (group II); 20 days p.i. showing negative expression of Bcl-2 (IRS=zero", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 71, "image": "6782.jpg", "report": " Incidence of beetle larvae after 24 month", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 72, "image": "1915.jpg", "report": " MALDI‐MSI images of metabolites M13/M14 (m/z 3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 73, "image": "5644.jpg", "report": " There are a large number of bacteria in the lungs, and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lung interstitium can be seen at 1,000 × magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 74, "image": "2463.jpg", "report": " Glomerulus with abundant capsular space is indicated by a yellow arrow", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 75, "image": "16786.jpg", "report": " Mutant H3.3 as revealed by antibodies detecting tumor cells with H3F3A G34 R/V mutations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 76, "image": "16854.jpg", "report": " Stain confirming foci of macrophages in the white matter, mainly surrounding small vessels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 77, "image": "9838.jpg", "report": " two similar spheres, but identified by Raman spectroscopy as polyethylene (PE)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 78, "image": "14581.jpg", "report": " Progesterone receptor staining from case belonging to the 75–100% group at ×200 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 79, "image": "8454.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent microscopy in conventional colors: red for CaSR and blue for nuclei, original magnification: 10×, scale bar: 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 80, "image": "3661.jpg", "report": " Schematic of DNA with bound proteins (blue) and small molecule therapeutics (purple). Protein crystal structures are shown above and small molecule therapeutics below", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 81, "image": "8558.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of developing human spinal cord with different serotonin receptors (sr3)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 82, "image": "8291.jpg", "report": " SEM image of oxygen plasma with 5000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 83, "image": "4978.jpg", "report": " Endogenous ERp57 with Rab", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 84, "image": "15099.jpg", "report": " EDS tomographies of the cross sections, purple represents the P element, and yellow represents the Si element", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 85, "image": "6247.jpg", "report": " Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 100 µM U012", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 86, "image": "15887.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic images of bronchial epithelial treated for 1 h with SapL1-FITC (green) (5 µg mL−1) previously preincubated 30 min with 2 mM methyl-α-L-fucopyranoside (αMeFuc)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 87, "image": "15344.jpg", "report": " HAADF-STEM image of the MOLNBs decorated with SPIONs taken at 500 nm magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 88, "image": "14876.jpg", "report": " Histology of subcutaneous evaluation of 9-Weeks Post-implantation. Photomicrographs (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×40/×400 magnification. (Furanone Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 89, "image": "1642.jpg", "report": " Chondrocytes in two-dimensional (2D) culture de-differentiating into fibroblast-like cells;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 90, "image": "14011.jpg", "report": " SEM image (magnification of 1000 times) of uranyl ion-loaded OBSG ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 91, "image": "14575.jpg", "report": " a fourteen-year-old saddlehorse with corneal squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in a proliferation that covers most of the corneal surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 92, "image": "3891.jpg", "report": " Tumor with many cystic spaces expanded into the submucosal area of the gingiva.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 93, "image": "11835.jpg", "report": " Reptile + layer-freezing", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 94, "image": "5864.jpg", "report": " S. aureus on fabrics (negative control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 95, "image": "3733.jpg", "report": " DIV14 neurons were transfected with CIBN-myc-Rab7 and CRYII-mCherry-Raptor; two days later, cells were either kept in the dark (top images) or photoactivated for 5 min (15 × 100 ms-pulses of blue light at 2.42 mW/cm2; bottom images) before being processed for mTOR immunofluorescence. Upon photoactivation CRYII-mCherry-Raptor and endogenous mTOR are targeted to CIBN-myc-Rab7 positive structures. Boxed regions are shown at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 96, "image": "9921.jpg", "report": " Observations coverage on test antenna hemisphere in case of static antenna (red) and robot rotated and tilted one: after 1 h 40 min (1 calibration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 97, "image": "8713.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PY159 at magnification of 50 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 98, "image": "6326.jpg", "report": " Representative images of LYVE-1+ lymphatic vessel (red), CD206+ TAMs (green) and DAPI (blue) fluorescence staining in footpad tumour. Images are shown at × 400 magnification (Scale bar, 50 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 99, "image": "14638.jpg", "report": " phase contrast images show endothelial cells are lined up in the direction of flow (scale bar is 100 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 100, "image": "15532.jpg", "report": " The well-preserved kehreri specimen SMF ME1340 in ventral view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 101, "image": "12448.jpg", "report": " Ocular sections of adult E. sosorum with associated retinal layers and optic nerve", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 102, "image": "5180.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining of muscle biopsy of a healthy volunteer showed normal Dysferlin staining (Bar, 50 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 103, "image": "15369.jpg", "report": " SEM image with magnification of 2 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 104, "image": "7622.jpg", "report": " Representative histopathological profile of kidney tissue from voglibose-treated group (n = 7). GL represents glomerulus and BV represents blood vessel. Scale bar: 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 105, "image": "1293.jpg", "report": " TEM images, original magnification, ×20,000, of an uninjured nerve showing Remak bundles at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 106, "image": "5556.jpg", "report": " Picrosirius red examined under polarize", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 107, "image": "762.jpg", "report": " Microscopic foci of follicular type papillary thyroid carcinoma (red arrow) surrounded by normal thyroid parenchyma (yellow arrow) (H&E, x10)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 108, "image": "7450.jpg", "report": " Transverse section of the root showing the rhizoderm, xylem vessels and the pith. Scale bars: 300 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 109, "image": "9169.jpg", "report": " CMAC: CellTracker Blue CMAC (7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin) dye;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 110, "image": "6256.jpg", "report": " Cysts from transgenic fly testes are from elongating stages of spermatogenesis. The fusome-localizing protein α-spectrin (magenta), DNA (blue), and Arp53D (green, anti-GFP) were probed. The merge of α-spectrin and Arp53D appears as white, indicating that Arp53D co-localizes with α-spectrin and thus appears at the fusome.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 111, "image": "1488.jpg", "report": " Pathological finding of the resected bronchial tumor. A nodular polypoid tumor is arising from the bronchial wall, based mainly at the membranous portion consisting of a mixture of epithelial and fibromyxoid stromal elements. In addition, neither a high mitotic activity nor extrabronchial invasive growth is noted, indicating the diagnosis of a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 112, "image": "5020.jpg", "report": " Gross pathology of the formalin-fixed brain from the top (c) and side (d) view (note that d is blocked to show the implant trajectory)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 113, "image": "12859.jpg", "report": " Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 4× magnification showing encapsulated mass (capsule - green arrow) with a mixture of hypocellular area (yellow arrow) and hypercellular area (black arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 114, "image": "16380.jpg", "report": " Normalized expression levels of different PRKAR genes and a selection of reporter genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and neural crest cells (NCCs), based on RNA-Seq data from different sources.23–25 For each individual set of expression data (ESC, NPC, and NCC), 0% reflects the gene with the lowest, and 100% the gene with the highest level of expression. The median expression level of each data set is 50% (dashed line). Genes scoring higher than 50% can be considered to be more highly expressed than the majority of genes in their respective data set", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 115, "image": "7444.jpg", "report": " Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 116, "image": "5039.jpg", "report": " high glial activation at the tumor border as determined by GFAP staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 117, "image": "14941.jpg", "report": " Co-localisation of MitoTracker and LC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 118, "image": "10722.jpg", "report": " Cells with spindle-shaped or dendritic morphology in passage 4 of human melanocytes culture.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 119, "image": "9031.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of G-PEG-Dx2 under OM+hPL culture condition", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 120, "image": "14776.jpg", "report": " image of arabidopsis plant roots from UV imaging syste", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 121, "image": "9887.jpg", "report": " HPSC transcription factor gene expression against WT line", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 122, "image": "3255.jpg", "report": " Cells treated with TEC for 1 h. Arrowheads show tissue debris. Bar, 40 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 123, "image": "6229.jpg", "report": " Projected confocal images of eGFP in the tail of hai1afr26 injected with GCaMP6s RNA, imaged at 24hpf, indicating calcium dynamics.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 124, "image": "17059.jpg", "report": " Cytochrome C-oxidase (COX) reaction disclosed focal central areas with reduced staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 125, "image": "5897.jpg", "report": " HRTEM images of an PtNi-OLEA-Aged nanoparticle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 126, "image": "12632.jpg", "report": " Wholemount immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (in red), to label the midbrain dopamine (DA) system, and Citrine (in green), to label substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons, followed by tissue clearing and Ultramicroscope light sheet imaging (sample shown is from a P0 mouse). Dorsal is to the top", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 127, "image": "11991.jpg", "report": " Densitometric analysis of intracellular levels of IL-1β and LAMP-1 in retinal microgli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 128, "image": "6207.jpg", "report": " spermatozo", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 129, "image": "13364.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal images of F-actin distribution in CD44v8-10neg cells and in CD44v8-10pos cells. In CD44v8-10pos cells are evident lamellipodia (dotted lines), filopodia*, and ruffles. Scale bars: 39 and 44 μm. Right panel shows the percentage of cells presenting lamellipodia, filopodia, and ruffles in both populations. ***P < 0.001, Student’s paired t-test", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 130, "image": "9534.jpg", "report": " Particle size distributions and SEM microphotographs of the spray-dried NMP containing HA Starch", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 131, "image": "13352.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin stain, scale bar = 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 132, "image": "9149.jpg", "report": " Statistical data of the cumulative volume fraction of aggregates (laboratory measurements of AB16 vs. virtual AB16)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 133, "image": "8389.jpg", "report": " Days 1 and 8 plates of the different fermentations with and without PEF and CFU/mL counts throughout fermentation of untreated must with Saccharomyces (solid red line) and non-Saccharomyces yeasts (solid yellow line), in PEF-treated must with Saccharomyces yeasts (dashed red line) and non-Saccharomyces yeasts (dashed yellow line). Musts were inoculated with S. pombe. Values are means with standard deviations (error bars) from three independent triplicates", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 134, "image": "5158.jpg", "report": " Vas deferens of Group-I (control group); lumen openings (*) are seen.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 135, "image": "3129.jpg", "report": " P. indica spore and hyphae (around the roots", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 136, "image": "10934.jpg", "report": " representative photomicrograph of hematoxylin and eosin- and acid-fast bacilli-stained slides from the lungs of SCID mice intravenously infected with the mmpB mutant complemented with mmpA + mmp", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 137, "image": "10585.jpg", "report": " Single-cell RNA-seq workflow and subsequent bioinformatics analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 138, "image": "2250.jpg", "report": " Electron micrograph showing immunoreactivity for Gαo (10 nm particles, arrowheads) at PSDs of excitatory synapses and extrasynaptic sites between PC spines (s) and parallel fibers (pf), many times very close to GABAB1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 139, "image": "1109.jpg", "report": " H&E and Masson staining at 12 weeks in groups II (n, q", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 140, "image": "2661.jpg", "report": " High Score HOTAIR mRNA expression in NECG3 cells (40× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 141, "image": "3505.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the basic PA 6 solution exposed to the step change", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 142, "image": "14420.jpg", "report": " The morphology changes of ML-E-A and ML-A-E under pH 7.4 and 5.5 with the time. Scale bars = 100 nm. N = 3 for all observations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 143, "image": "3600.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of α-synuclein detected by the monoclonal anti-α-synuclein antibod", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 144, "image": "15289.jpg", "report": " geometry observation by micro-C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 145, "image": "9464.jpg", "report": " Comparison of paper sample containing 10% of PAN-PDA fibres at magnification x100", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 146, "image": "13685.jpg", "report": " Single optical sections of RFP, GFP, and the merged images are shown for each set of experiments. Bars 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 147, "image": "1430.jpg", "report": " TEM images of “Ca. Midichloria mitochondrii” cells possibly in the cytoplasm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 148, "image": "8805.jpg", "report": " Prednisone (200 nM) with LPS activatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 149, "image": "8761.jpg", "report": " CKMNF116 staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 150, "image": "13654.jpg", "report": " Pore size (volume) distribution of the volume analysed, showing a pick of the most abundant pore size around 0.16 µm EqRadius (excluding pores smaller than 150 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 151, "image": "9980.jpg", "report": " The adrenal medulla of the immunocompetent animal also contained Cowdry A inclusions and PMNs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 152, "image": "11519.jpg", "report": " \"Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry staining highlights the glial tissue (arrowheads) while there is no reaction in the surrounding soft tissue and respiratory epithelium (arrow) (x200)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 153, "image": "5982.jpg", "report": " Each slice of the image stack produced by the segmentation procedure is a binary image, with pixels corresponding to the crypt lumens having the value of one (white) and zero (black) elsewhere.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 154, "image": "12360.jpg", "report": " Cardiac histology shows the location of specific clusters in relation to the left and right atria as well as the right pulmonary artery. Scale bar: 250 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 155, "image": "246.jpg", "report": " The characteristics of appearance of O. sinensi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 156, "image": "15288.jpg", "report": " three-dimensional topography by LSC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 157, "image": "2721.jpg", "report": " Abaxial (d–h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 158, "image": "15305.jpg", "report": " SEM image with scale bar = 5 µm, a hole from a pulled out subcellular particle and partly de-bonded particles can be seen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 159, "image": "11967.jpg", "report": " Sagittal micrograph of cochlear nucleus ipsilateral to Cre-expressing retrograde AAV infection of ipsilIC, using the same mouse as in (B)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 160, "image": "6245.jpg", "report": " Epidermal aggregates under the yolk are reduced in the treated mutant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 161, "image": "14676.jpg", "report": " Quantification of Cx3cr1-EYFP+ cells expressing DsRed in S1HL and spinal cord after systemic (oral gavage) or local (intracranial injection) administration of tamoxifen (n = 6 mice per group). Summary data are presented as means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001 by unpaired t test. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; EYFP, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; S1HL, hindlimb region of S1; 4-OHT, 4-hydroxytamoxifen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 162, "image": "16862.jpg", "report": " Myelin basic protein stain (SMI94) showing areas with focal myelin debris in macrophages around vessels in the white matter in keeping with early myelin breakdown", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 163, "image": "17088.jpg", "report": " Cells grown in waterwheel form into sheets rather than spheres.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 164, "image": "6945.jpg", "report": " X–Y single-slice plane image, z-stack projection, and 3D-reconstructed of images acquired by LSFM. The 3D reconstruction included 1258 z-section images. Magnification of the square area of the 3D reconstruction showed the dendritic-like renal microvasculature and glomerulus in the distal end. Scale bar = 1 mm. Representative images show the structure of the glomerulus (arrow) and connected afferent/efferent arteriole (triangle) on the X–Y plane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 165, "image": "9640.jpg", "report": " colonial morphology captured from strains grown on PDA plates for 4 days at 27 °C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 166, "image": "3577.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of PLA+4%N nanocomposites prepared with masterbatch methodology by ×10,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 167, "image": "9839.jpg", "report": " the magnified piece of debris and marked detected edge", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 168, "image": "87.jpg", "report": " Enlarged vascular image of nodes from PNRT1.13:NRT1.13-GFP plants grown with 0.2 mM KNO3 for 54 day", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 169, "image": "6211.jpg", "report": " Sertoli cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 170, "image": "10765.jpg", "report": " In the mutant embryo, the magnified area with the developing otic vesicle shows the absence of melanoblasts in the forming inner ear despite the presence of developing nerve fibers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 171, "image": "4122.jpg", "report": " Beam. The radial system is less regular, the processes separate (arrows) myelinated axon bundles. Scale bar: 200 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 172, "image": "10912.jpg", "report": " Inflammatory cells within and close to the myenteric and submucosal ganglia, suggestive of ganglionitis and periganglionitis (HE staining, 40× magnification, scale bar = 25 µm; Olympus CX31).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 173, "image": "2611.jpg", "report": " Identification of the regions above the nucleus.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 174, "image": "14369.jpg", "report": " Representative image of dorsal motor striatum with thick axons of passage in the upper striae and terminal field axonal arborization in the striatal parenchyma.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 175, "image": "7030.jpg", "report": " Schematic diagram of vesicle capture at mitochondria and their subsequent aggregation. MitoTrap is an FRB domain targeted to mitochondria, XFP-FKBP-TPD54 (XFP is GFP or mCherry) is coexpressed, and, when rapamycin is added, the INVs associated with TPD54 become trapped at the mitochondria, eventually causing aggregation of mitochondria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 176, "image": "14631.jpg", "report": " The boxed area in (D) is shown at higher magnification in (E). In (E), BrdU-labeled AD-MSCs are indicated by a white single arrow in the ependymal layer, and by a black arrow in the subependymal layer, of the SVZ, and by an * in the lateral septum", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 177, "image": "16014.jpg", "report": " High quality images of 3D printed microfat-laden collagen constructs with different concentrations of microfat over time. Scale bar: 5 mm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 178, "image": "14002.jpg", "report": " Expression of WT1 protein in the walls of the right and left sinus venosus (RSV, LSV) of an E12.5 cTnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. Arrows show positive nuclei of cardiomyocytes identified by the cardiac troponin lineage reporter YFP. Figure (G) shows a higher magnification of the left sinus venosus wall in the red (WT1) channel. A stronger expression is detected in the epicardial cells (EP).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 179, "image": "16901.jpg", "report": " Brightfield of MHC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 180, "image": "16282.jpg", "report": " Micrographs of LR White embedded 500-nm-thick anther cross sections, also stained with toluidine blue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 181, "image": "8615.jpg", "report": " Adhesion image of the cell, the adhesion of the cell is represented in color scale 0 (dark fields) –206 nN (light fields).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 182, "image": "3636.jpg", "report": " Transection of cotton seedling stem affected by the application of salt stress and sprayed with distilled water", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 183, "image": "11999.jpg", "report": " Image of the olfactory bulb of a X. tropicalis tadpole stained with LAMP-1, an endolysosomal marker. LAMP-1 was present in axons (arrows) of OSNs entering the olfactory bulb, as well as in olfactory glomeruli, which were revealed by the accumulation of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin (dotted circles). Axon terminals of OSNs form the presynaptic element of olfactory glomeruli. DAPI was used to reveal the position of cell nuclei. The image shows three regions of the olfactory bulb: nerve layer, glomerular layer, and the rostral portion of the mitral cell layer. Part of the olfactory nerve is also visible.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 184, "image": "11599.jpg", "report": " The edge of the ventral epithelium indicated by blue arrows", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 185, "image": "19.jpg", "report": " 6.84 nm-thick slice from a defocused tomographic volume acquired at the framed area in a showing the myofibrillar architecture. ZD Z-disk. Ribosomes and glycogen granules are indicated by white and black arrowheads, respectively. The tomogram has been rotated by 90° so that the TEM and tomographic images have the same orientation.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 186, "image": "13732.jpg", "report": " Neutrophils stimulated with A23187 (5 μM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 187, "image": "7620.jpg", "report": " Illustrative microscopic presentation of the kidney with hyaline tubular cylinders and cell degeneration of proximal and distal tubule with cytoplasmic vacuolization in control rats; BPC 157 rats showed no pathological changes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 188, "image": "10439.jpg", "report": " Articular cartilage partial area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 189, "image": "442.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of low level (<14%) of Ki67 index in immunohistochemical sections (×200 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 190, "image": "2695.jpg", "report": " The enlarged images in highlight the representative co-localization with 20× magnification from white squares in the overlay images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 191, "image": "8421.jpg", "report": " Corresponding histology (Weigert Van Gieson stain)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 192, "image": "7220.jpg", "report": " The images of the jejunum and ileum morphology at 40 × and 100 × magnification were shown, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 193, "image": "5756.jpg", "report": " Identification of neural stem/progenitor cells (Sox2), neuroblast (Dcx), immature neurons (Tuj1), and microglia-like cells (Iba1) in developing CO at day 40 detected by multilabeled immunofluorescent confocal imaging with indicated cellular markers. Hoechst was used as a nuclear marker. Panels (A1–A2) are the split channels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 194, "image": "1324.jpg", "report": " 3D‐SIM imaging of chromatin labeled with DAPI reveals curvilinear chains of chromatin domains (CDs). Adopted from Miron et al (2020) with permission", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 195, "image": "5815.jpg", "report": " Photograph of holotype soldier (CNU–TER–BU–2018077) in dorsal view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 196, "image": "16469.jpg", "report": " Micrographs from confocal microscopy showing that the CGRP-immunoreactivity in the parabrachial nucleus was strongly reduced in the αCGRP-KO mice compared to heterozygous (Hz) mice. Scale bar 50: µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 197, "image": "16754.jpg", "report": " MMP9 expression (in brown) in endothelial cells of a bAVM vessel (scale bar 25 um)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 198, "image": "2051.jpg", "report": " Primary cortical neurons (14 DIV) were fixed and stained with 25 μM N-TASQ, antibodies against MAP2c, and the nuclear dye DAPI, and imaged with a confocal microscope. Note the N-TASQ-positive structure in the nucleus of the cell on the left (depicted with arrow). Scale bar, 5 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 199, "image": "10360.jpg", "report": " Counts of total CFU/ml on gastric media (GM) supplemented with JB broth of AH187 and DSM 2302 strains at 37°C for 5 h. Black lines correspond to pH 4.5 simulating conditions after food intake. Green lines correspond to pH 2 (basal stomach conditions). The detection limit of the technique is 101 CFU ml‐1. Error bars are the standard error of three replicates", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 200, "image": "1619.jpg", "report": " Expression of Sox5 (in red) in Sox10-positive Schwann cells (in green) in sciatic nerve", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 201, "image": "11746.jpg", "report": " Enhanced image (notice that the nuclei region is darker whilst background becomes lighter)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 202, "image": "2886.jpg", "report": " 48 h post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample at 50 µg/m", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 203, "image": "2918.jpg", "report": " specimen failed under the quasi-static loadin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 204, "image": "14993.jpg", "report": " DIIS-Venus signal is absent from the sporophytic tissues of the unfertilized rgtb1 ovules, both forming autonomous endosperm (AE) nuclei, as shown by the white arrowheads, marking the presence of auxin in the", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 205, "image": "10043.jpg", "report": " Positive staining of type 2 pneumocytes (red arrows) (×600)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 206, "image": "12302.jpg", "report": " EVs distributed within the stromal matrix", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 207, "image": "3763.jpg", "report": " Epithelial surface of RWM under low magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 208, "image": "6230.jpg", "report": " Projected confocal images of eGFP in the tail of WT", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 209, "image": "11479.jpg", "report": " Photomicrographs of the lesion in the rat spinal cord at 7 day after the cryoinjury", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 210, "image": "13961.jpg", "report": " Intracellular localization of deletion mutants BLLF2(48–82), BLLF2(48–58), and BLLF2(59–82) in COS-7 cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 211, "image": "9473.jpg", "report": " Representative control stain with hematoxylin-eosin, taken with a magnification of 20×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 212, "image": "5029.jpg", "report": " Maximum contrast white-on-black single z plane images of individual channels at high magnification demonstrate the presence and plasma membrane localization of Ezrin and Robo2 proteins known to be enriched in glial tube astrocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 213, "image": "11993.jpg", "report": " Detection of IL-1β in retinal microglia cells from WT and Tpc2−/− mic", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 214, "image": "15585.jpg", "report": " SRXRF elemental maps for calcium, zinc and iron", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 215, "image": "4648.jpg", "report": " overlap of the two (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 216, "image": "7330.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal images of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 EGFR-KO cells treated with BODIPY@PNPs-CL4 at 37 °C for 40 min", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 217, "image": "9146.jpg", "report": " Test-tube-brush formations of F. alocis around signal-free channels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 218, "image": "15132.jpg", "report": " The fluorescence of OsCAX1c-GFP, AtTPK (left), and overlay of AtTPK and OsCAX1c-GFP, bright field (right) are shown, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 219, "image": "16895.jpg", "report": " Morphology and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of MHC with two connected spherules structure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 220, "image": "8608.jpg", "report": " cross section of iLCEs in reflection (the substrates are on the left and right and the director in planar alignment points normal to the picture plane)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 221, "image": "9675.jpg", "report": " Effect of toyocamycin treatment between 24 and 96 h on viability in 28-do worms", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 222, "image": "11138.jpg", "report": " Photomicrography of the excoriated areas treated topically with S at 10 days of follow-up; sample was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The black arrows indicate the thickness of the epidermis, and the black arrow heads indicate the thickness of the crust (magnification: 50x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 223, "image": "9808.jpg", "report": " Representative images of roots of control lines (WT and Vector) and SlSNAP33.2 overexpressor tomato. Roots were treated with H2DCFDA (yellow signal) and FM4-64 (red signal) in the presence of 200 mM NaCl. Scale bar: 200 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 224, "image": "2830.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of SiC/1.2709 at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 225, "image": "5918.jpg", "report": " Early clusters are in close proximity to Schwann cells. (a) Early clusters in a SEP-Nfasc186+ co-culture imaged 10 days after myelination induction (scale bar, 50 µm). (b) Magnification of the box in (a) (scale bar, 5 µm). (c) 3D model of the early clusters shown in (b). Arrowhead shows the cluster viewed by electron microscopy (EM) (scale bar, 5 µm). (d) The early cluster model shown in (c) is superimposed on an EM slice of an axon and (e) on a 3D reconstruction obtained from serial EM sections of the same axon. (f) EM section through the early cluster indicated by the arrow in (c). The dotted green line denotes the position of the early cluster. (g) 3D model of the early cluster (dark green) is superimposed on the same EM section shown in (f). A Schwann cell (magenta) and an axon (pale green) are pseudocoloured to show their close proximity. Scale bar, 2 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 226, "image": "5395.jpg", "report": " the presence of fluorogold retrograde labeling in axons within the obturator nerve at a site proximal to anastomosis site, after injection of the dye into bladder. CI, confidence interval", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 227, "image": "1434.jpg", "report": " TEM images of mitochondria of Ixodes ricinus oocytes colonized by at least one", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 228, "image": "7935.jpg", "report": " Microscopic observation on the tissue of H. armigera offspring larvae. All bars are 10 μm, arrowhead shows the NbCQ1 spore", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 229, "image": "454.jpg", "report": " Lateral arm plates of Ophioplinthaca defensor on proximal arm segments with ventral edge upwards", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 230, "image": "13470.jpg", "report": " Transgene nEx3045 (C32F10.8p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 231, "image": "12388.jpg", "report": " A synchronized C. tenuissimus culture, where PDMPO fluorescence (green) is observed only in one half of the cell wall. Chlorophyll autofluorescence is in red. Inset shows a bright-field image of the cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 232, "image": "5570.jpg", "report": " Representative images of a diffusely fine and homogeneous staining pattern with variable intensity of P62 in muscle biopsies. Original magnification: ×200", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 233, "image": "13471.jpg", "report": " Transgene sIs11111 (C32F10.8p::gfp) drives GFP expression in the pm3 pharyngeal muscles and the mc1 marginal cells (not shown) but not pm1 or pm2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 234, "image": "17085.jpg", "report": " A large portion of cells grown at low agitation in STR attach to vessel surfaces impacting growth dynamics.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 235, "image": "173.jpg", "report": " The glomerulus exhibited cryoglobulin pseudothrombi in the glomerular capillary lumens (HE,  ×  400); positive κ light chain and negative λ light chain (IF,  ×  200); large and curved fibrils seen in subendothelial deposits (EM,  ×  10,000)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 236, "image": "1639.jpg", "report": " Micropapillary adenocarcinoma with mucin.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 237, "image": "14496.jpg", "report": " Carcinoma tissue samples with various pro-metastatic miRNA probes: miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-210", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 238, "image": "1349.jpg", "report": " Panoramic micrograph of an OPC showing a large electron-lucent star-shaped cell with electron-lucent nucleus (with abundant euchromatin) intermingled between myelinated axons in the white matter", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 239, "image": "5545.jpg", "report": " The characteristics of optical imaging of thrombosis. Fluorescence imaging of nanoparticles binding to fibrin clots formed from fibrinogen and thrombin. Reproduced with permission from Wen et al. (121). Copyright J Mater Chem B (2015)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 240, "image": "1512.jpg", "report": " nucleus: magnification, 10×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 241, "image": "730.jpg", "report": " Excised tumors were weighed separately.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 242, "image": "7702.jpg", "report": " Morphometric analysis for relative interstitial fibrosis: in CKD rats, increased α-SMA and collagen I immunoreactivities of the interstitium when compared with wild-type rats", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 243, "image": "15645.jpg", "report": " An example of a rare hollow microsphere after chelation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 244, "image": "11027.jpg", "report": " Control tumor demonstrates satellite nodules along the periphery of the primary tumor, which eventually contribute to tumor progression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 245, "image": "5741.jpg", "report": " TEM images of the B-SiOC-3 assembly (inset is the photograph of a neck, a kind of pipe fitting).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 246, "image": "6501.jpg", "report": " GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing diffuse strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid cells with weaker staining in cells with greater maturation, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 247, "image": "15084.jpg", "report": " Representative image of control sample after 72 h in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 248, "image": "10353.jpg", "report": " Calcofluor White staining exhibits various intensities of green colour proportionally reflecting cellulose deposition in the cells around vascular bundles of ZH11", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 249, "image": "5056.jpg", "report": " TEM and HRTEM images of 1%ZnO/o-Cu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 250, "image": "15749.jpg", "report": " Autofluorescence signal detected in the parathyroid gland with compromised blood supply", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 251, "image": "2969.jpg", "report": " 3D microscopic picture of SS wire surface after polarization in Ringer’s solution at RT with an applied potential of [insert potential value].", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 252, "image": "12933.jpg", "report": " Intravital imaging of a nest-like heterotopion at P30 in (a) using SCoRe and confocal fluorescence microscopy showing b, labeled neuronal cell bodies (tdTomato; green) dispersed throughout the aberrantly oriented myelinated fibers (SCoRe; magenta) and c, winding axonal projections that occasionally fasciculate into bundles at the edges of the heterotopion.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 253, "image": "13163.jpg", "report": " In the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity, 60–69% of cells were positive with dominantly moderate staining intensity. The negative cells were usually of goblet cell type", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 254, "image": "10018.jpg", "report": " PVX-WYMV P3N-PIPO-WT-GFP expressed in the epidermal cells treated eight days post-agroinfiltration;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 255, "image": "5832.jpg", "report": " Cross-sectional SEM image of a typical single BC–Alg filamen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 256, "image": "10019.jpg", "report": " TEM image of the BHK-21 cells having no replicons. Scale bar represents 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 257, "image": "9274.jpg", "report": " Cells stained with CAP-eGFP.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 258, "image": "4404.jpg", "report": " Quantification of the percentage of wild-type cells contributing to mixed organoids ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 259, "image": "2304.jpg", "report": " LSRM images at 1445 cm−1 and 1660 cm−1 provide molecular contrast assigned to collagen, proteins and lipids, respectively. The corresponding Raman bands are shown and marked with black dashed lines on the mean Raman spectrum (i)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 260, "image": "2327.jpg", "report": " Sagittal slices stained with 6E10 (red) for whole amyloid-β (Aβ), and pE3 antibody (green) for truncated pyroglutamate Aβ (pE3Aβ) species at 400× magnification. Intense labeling of pE3Aβ in the center core of Aβ plaques was visible in the cortex of TAPS and APP/PS1, as well as in the hippocampus (CA3 region). Cell nuclei labeled by DAPI (blue). Images of representative animals are shown; for total animal numbers, see Table 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 261, "image": "14989.jpg", "report": " NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the chromatin remodeling inhibitor TSA for 3 h prior to imaging.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 262, "image": "9571.jpg", "report": " Time evolution of whisker widening through growth of additionally activated facets at the side of the main crystal. The individual inserts portray enlargements of sites of interest for comparison of individual images. The timestamp denotes the time from the final polishing of the surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 263, "image": "8282.jpg", "report": " SEM image of nitrogen plasma with 500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 264, "image": "9481.jpg", "report": " Biomicroscopy photograph of proband’s microphthalmic eye.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 265, "image": "9334.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of the pulp cavities shows necrosis with clefting", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 266, "image": "9973.jpg", "report": " Cell-binding capacity of Ms6LysBPGBD-EGFP in M. smegmatis (I) treated with 1% SDS prior to incubation with the fusion protein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 267, "image": "1253.jpg", "report": " Quantitative graph of HZ CSA from A. n = 4–6 mice per genotype. Treatments with different letters are significantly different from one another where P < 0.05", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 268, "image": "15172.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the fracture surface of peak-aged Er-free alloy at room temperature in medium magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 269, "image": "14927.jpg", "report": " SEM image of sample foamed with 1% nitrogen. (25× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 270, "image": "14821.jpg", "report": " Overview of the injected constructs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 271, "image": "2356.jpg", "report": " A CopGFP control DPSC transplant revealed positive staining of fibrous structure surrounding HAp/TCP with elongated and polarized odontoblast-like cells (OLC) (arrowheads). Some positive odontoblast-like cells (OLC) (arrowheads) running perpendicular to HAp/TCP and pulp-like tissues with blood capillaries were seen in CopGFP DPSC transplants", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 272, "image": "1387.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustration of an M. mobile cell being scanned by high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The surface of an immobilized cell on glass stage (blue) is scanned by an AFM cantilever probe (gray), and the cantilever movement is monitored by a detector (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 273, "image": "9190.jpg", "report": " GUVs made of composed of (18:0–22:6)PC/(16:0–20:4)PE/(18:2)4CL/DOPI/DOPS/Chol (39.9:30:20:5:3:2 mol% and giant mitochondrial vesicles (GMVs) from native phospholipids extracted visualized by Texas Red DHPE (left) and by NAO (right) at 0.1 mol%. room temperature, scale bars are 10 µm, [100]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 274, "image": "7953.jpg", "report": " Light microscopic images of 4G8-immunoreactivity were counterstained with hematoxylin in the hippocampus and cortex of PBS and iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 275, "image": "2657.jpg", "report": " HOTAIR nuclear mRNA expression with 4–5 dots/cell in neoplastic cells (40× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 276, "image": "5924.jpg", "report": " Stills over one oscillation period from Robo βKO islet in Video 3, starting after blood glucose level reached >200 mg/dL from IP glucose injection. Video was recorded for 10 min with an acquisition speed of ~0.03 Hz.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 277, "image": "4411.jpg", "report": " Characteristic epithelial morphology of the MCF-7 cell line cultured at 1g.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 278, "image": "15433.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased TH (red fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar = 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 279, "image": "16763.jpg", "report": " Left: 3D reconstruction of the localization of Ser129-p aSyn and cytoskeletal components in a nigral LB, highlighting a wheel-like structure of neurofilament. Right: schematic summary of the results. NF: neurofilament; β-Tub: beta-tubulin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 280, "image": "9783.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the SurgiWrap and GHF membranes before (upper lane, A: SurgiWrap, B: pure GHF membrane, C: 2 mM GHF membrane and D: 4 mM GHF membrane) and after (lower lane, E: SurgiWrap, F: pure GHF membrane, G: 2 mM GHF membrane and H: 4 mM GHF membrane) immersion in PBS solution for 24 h (surface section)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 281, "image": "3178.jpg", "report": " Histopathological changes in the kidneys of the 2000 mg/kg aqueous T. erecta extract-treated grou", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 282, "image": "16984.jpg", "report": " Blue Masson's trichrome‐stained area transformed from image E using Image‐Pro Plus 6.0 software.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 283, "image": "4282.jpg", "report": " Western blot analysis and quantification of Lef1 from FACS-sorted FVFneg, FVFlow and FVFhigh cells of n = 36 and n = 122 FVF embryos", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 284, "image": "15566.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining for the identification of myelination exhibited MBP‐positive area in CC (scale bar: 500 μm or 100 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 285, "image": "9924.jpg", "report": " TEM micrograph taken at 25,000 × magnification of thin nanocomposite I", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 286, "image": "5937.jpg", "report": " Pupal wings were stained with a negative control using the pre-immune serum at 72 hr, shown at 20× and 60×, reveal no evidence of nuclear signal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 287, "image": "1841.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining for porcupine (PORCN) and quantification of confocal microscopic images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 288, "image": "9719.jpg", "report": " Comparison of the use of ET SEI detector at 1.4 kV in cryo-SEM micrographs of a multiple O/W/O/W emulsion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 289, "image": "12324.jpg", "report": " Observation Results of Strain WA4-31 under Scanning Electron Microscope of 20,000 × ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 290, "image": "2349.jpg", "report": " The VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSC transplants showed the negative anti-DMP-1 and anti-DSP staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 291, "image": "1182.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph shows a fully developed necrotic core (NC), with thinning of the fibrous cap (arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 292, "image": "14904.jpg", "report": " Ly6C mRNA expression by in situ hybridization (upper panel) and images of positive and negative controls for RNAscope (lower panel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 293, "image": "12010.jpg", "report": " as in (A), but in adult female A. gambiae organs. The areas 1 highlight the ovary, 2 the Malpighian tubules and 3 the gut. The image labelled “zoom” shows a closeup of the ovarian area highlighted with the solid white rectangle (same image cropped and zoomed)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 294, "image": "294.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification time-lapse confocal imaging of the synaptic terminals of afferent processes and a single inhibitory efferent process [(F’–I’) show inhibitory efferent projection only]. Recordings show innervation of a neuromasts by sensory afferents prior to inhibitory efferent innervation. Arrows indicate the growth cone of the inhibitory efferent", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 295, "image": "2277.jpg", "report": " Effect of HCC on cerebral infarction volume in rats at different time after CIR (TCC staining. HCC group 1 day.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 296, "image": "5707.jpg", "report": " A section showing the growth-active grafts (groups A and B). The dashed red line indicated the graft union.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 297, "image": "3778.jpg", "report": " Electron microscopy showing focal areas of sarcomeric abnormalities with Z-line streaming and, in rare fibers, subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar deposits of free glycogen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 298, "image": "9255.jpg", "report": " A vein axil of a cultivar that lacked mite domatia.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 299, "image": "10354.jpg", "report": " Assessment of organization and morphology of PTHrP-creER lineage-marked columnar chondrocytes in Pthlh-creER; Apc+/+ (Control) and Pthlh-creER; Apcfl/+ (APC cHet) growth plates. Mice were pulsed with tamoxifen at P6 and chased to P21 (left), P36 (middle) and P96 (right). Red: tdTomato, gray: DIC. RZ: resting zone, PZ: proliferating zone, HZ: hypertrophic zone. Scale bars: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 300, "image": "10257.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemistry staining for IDO1 in normal ovarian tissues, normal fallopian tube tissues, and OC tissues. The staining was strong in OC tissues. Magnification × 200", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 301, "image": "5051.jpg", "report": " TEM images of as-synthesized c-Cu2O-109", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 302, "image": "9167.jpg", "report": " cathodoluminescence emissio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 303, "image": "1338.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of Ezrin and p-ERM demonstrates the protein level of both Ezrin and p-ERM are increased in the medulla of Pdcd10-deficient kidneys correlated to the decreased expression of Aqp2 (dashed lines indicate the boundaries between cortex and medulla)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 304, "image": "3753.jpg", "report": " Asymptomatic leaf tissues in a leaf sample from the filtered air treatmen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 305, "image": "8700.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of cardiac tissue (thickness, 5 µm) showed the greatest 4-HNE (shown in red) fluorescence intensity for mice treated with Dox (10 mg/kg). Dox (10 mg/kg) and Vit D + Dox (10 mg/kg), five mice per group; all other groups, three mice per group (scale bar, 1000 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 306, "image": "62.jpg", "report": " CLSM imaging of CF unloading during cassava root development in primary fibrous root", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 307, "image": "8945.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localization of CbCN. N-terminal and C-terminal YFP-conjugated CbCN were transfected into chili pepper protoplasts and incubated for 12 h. Images were taken with a confocal microscope after the incubation. RFP marks the chlorophyll. Scale bar: 10 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 308, "image": "6231.jpg", "report": " Projected confocal images of eGFP in the tail at 24hpf of WT injected with GCaMP6s RNA, treated with DMSO (P), or with 125 ng/ml PMA (Q)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 309, "image": "9853.jpg", "report": " Confocal images were captured 36 h after agro-infiltration and analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope in bright, dark, and merged fields. Scale bar = 50 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 310, "image": "6728.jpg", "report": " sponge mesophyll, chloroplast with small starch grain, electron-dense deposits in vacuole", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 311, "image": "9472.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemical staining of human breast tumor samples with different Elston grades stained for MCT1 (green), taken with a magnification of 20×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 312, "image": "12410.jpg", "report": " The 15-nm-thick zoomed-in views of the NEB events in S. pombe and T. brucei. In S. pombe, a lipid bilayer is surrounding the transported material, whereas in T. brucei the density is surrounded by the nuclear membranes only", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 313, "image": "15021.jpg", "report": " Crushed straw in direct exposure to flam", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 314, "image": "10383.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence for IgG reveals diffuse, global, linear staining within the glomerular basement membrane (original magnification: 200x).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 315, "image": "3528.jpg", "report": " Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000× magnification. (e) PVDF + GO 0.1% rolling electrospinning", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 316, "image": "4398.jpg", "report": " Representative 3D-reconstructed confocal images of pure wild-typ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 317, "image": "7007.jpg", "report": " The morphology observed by TEM for the New Orleans strain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 318, "image": "5118.jpg", "report": " jejunal morphology of NC piglet", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 319, "image": "1328.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of pS256-Aqp2 (red) in the renal tubules of the outer and inner medulla of littermate controls a", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 320, "image": "13220.jpg", "report": " 4 μg application Cy3-labeled-Ssoah1-dsRNA. ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 321, "image": "12064.jpg", "report": " connection between the MDB and the SDM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 322, "image": "1389.jpg", "report": " Quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopic (EM) image of M. mobile cells on a coverslip. The cell was immobilized on the coverslip by poly-l-lysine and glutaraldehyde (left) and allowed to glide on the coverslip coated with sialylated oligosaccharides (right). The cell axis and front are indicated by a green arrow in panels A and D", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 323, "image": "7431.jpg", "report": " Inflammation assessed by H&E stain (top panels), collagen deposition assessed by trichrome stain (middle panels), and smooth muscle hypertrophy assessed by αSMA immunofluorescence stain (red) (bottom panels) on lung biopsies of WT C57BL/6 mice after treatment with either IgG or DR3-Fc. Quantifications for each parameter, completed using Image Pro Premier, are shown to the right, in", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 324, "image": "1309.jpg", "report": " Spatial mapping of various immune cells (neutrophils, infiltrating and resident macrophages, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK and IL cells, and DCs) using colored overlays, and CD31 staining is included for context", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 325, "image": "1179.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph shows an occlusive thrombus (Thr) within the arterial lumen, with a disrupted fibrous cap (arrow) overlying the necrotic core (NC)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 326, "image": "13357.jpg", "report": " Multiple nonnecrotizing, noncaseating granuloma (hematoxylin–eosin stain, scale bar = 200 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 327, "image": "10090.jpg", "report": " A microscopic photo of sperm derived from ejaculated semen of #62 precocious monkeys.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 328, "image": "10795.jpg", "report": " Enlarged SIM images of contacts in box 1 from a, c", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 329, "image": "11643.jpg", "report": " Interferogram at 170 s after Δt = 3.1 °C thermal excitation (80 s of excitation in a detailed acquisition) on a completed mosaic model overlaid with the photographic documentation of the sample preparation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 330, "image": "3572.jpg", "report": " Cell structure (blue: pores, grey: walls) an", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 331, "image": "1305.jpg", "report": " RPE flatmount from a Cre+/– male mouse that was not treated with tamoxifen, and imaged on PD64.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 332, "image": "10913.jpg", "report": " Leishmania amastigotes in the ileum (immunohistochemistry, 100× magnification, scale bar = 5 µm; Olympus BX50)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 333, "image": "1946.jpg", "report": " The 3D rendered images of NADH and vasculature can be found in Video S1 and Video S2, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 334, "image": "4322.jpg", "report": " Analysis by confocal microscopy of worms expressing YFP in the body wall muscle cells exposed to 12 µM of type A oligomers (bottom panels)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 335, "image": "1542.jpg", "report": " Representative in vitro autoradiographic image of Nissl-stained mouse brain slices for annotation of brain regions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 336, "image": "13611.jpg", "report": " \"Before application of MSCs (March 2019): chronic active C4d negative antibody-mediated rejection with preserved tubules", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 337, "image": "1522.jpg", "report": " Quantification of the artifactual mesh hole sizes according to the different HMDS protocols (Table 1)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 338, "image": "5692.jpg", "report": " CD11c+ cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 339, "image": "9202.jpg", "report": " Example of the used tissue microsection immunohistochemically stained for CD31 (vessel endothelium). The red square represents one of the regions of interest used for simulations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 340, "image": "2822.jpg", "report": " SEM-BSE image of the sample processed by SPD-MPR (εtot = 90%) at intermediate magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 341, "image": "12913.jpg", "report": " In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E14 (left column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 342, "image": "5891.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA–N(CH3)2 at 1000× magnification with a scale bar of 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 343, "image": "13214.jpg", "report": " Representative images of sections of the rat nose taken after partial nasal mucosal resection on day 0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 344, "image": "13598.jpg", "report": " Foresets", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 345, "image": "938.jpg", "report": " Magnified images in (b) revealing the 3D structure woven from the uniform nanofiber", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 346, "image": "14292.jpg", "report": " Representative low-power confocal z-stacked image of GFP+ (green) donor cells within the recipient TuJ1+ (red) myenteric plexus, 21-days after ex vivo transplantation.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 347, "image": "2009.jpg", "report": " Single cell suspensions obtained from the left lungs of uninfected mice were treated with typan blue for assessment of viability. Trypan blue negative (-ve) cells retain membrane property indicating viability, whereas positive (+ve) cells have membrane integrity damaged indicating loss of viability. Each data point represents one mouse with 3–4 mice per group. Error bars show mean error and range. Statistical analyses between groups were performed using unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. n.s. is non-significant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 348, "image": "9415.jpg", "report": " SF on day 60 with a markedly reduced fiber diameter and significant ingrowth of connective tissue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 349, "image": "14972.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of comparative stringer bead LC4 produced under free cooling in ambient air — a view of the entire clad layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 350, "image": "16335.jpg", "report": " Length of the subgranular zone (SGZ) in adult control and DG-NR1KO mice; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.005, independent-sample t test, two tailed.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 351, "image": "12752.jpg", "report": " High‐magnification SEM image of scaffold surface.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 352, "image": "11333.jpg", "report": " SEM image of bioinspired, tilted micropillars composed of polyurethane that mimic the gecko setae's directional gripping strength.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 353, "image": "7456.jpg", "report": " A549 cells infected with S. aureus ATCC 6538 and simultaneously treated with 32.00 μg/mL of K. lappacea root extract (KLRE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 354, "image": "6175.jpg", "report": " Quantification of green fluorescence per cell in (J", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 355, "image": "4783.jpg", "report": " Induction of IgM− IgA+ B cells in CLN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 356, "image": "7439.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron micrograph of S. hyicus phage PITT-3 negatively stained with 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate. Structural details are indicated by arrows (faint distal central tail fibers), by open triangles (upper disc of complex baseplate structure), by filled triangles (lower disc of complex baseplate structure), and by an asterisk (collar/neck passage structure). It is shown with the same magnification as other micrographs (see 100-nm size reference bar)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 357, "image": "5744.jpg", "report": " Representative DPC-STEM images of the magnetic configuration of a type-II bubble", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 358, "image": "6232.jpg", "report": " Single timepoint images at t = 0 (top panels, H) and t = 1800 s (lower panels, H) and kymographs (I) derived from light-sheet movies (Video 7) of the epidermis of 3dpf Tg(krtt1c19e:lyn-tdtomato)sq16 larvae treated with 0.1% DMSO (left panels) or 37.5 ng/ml PMA (right panels) showing the lack of membrane stability following PMA treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 359, "image": "9066.jpg", "report": " Figures showing large area of the stomach wall (mucosa, submucosa, and deeper part of the circular muscle layer) created using the confocal ‘tilt’ function to visualize the exact location of submucosal perikarya", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 360, "image": "2956.jpg", "report": " SEM image after torsional test performed with an insertion angle of 10° at 250× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 361, "image": "14815.jpg", "report": " Micromorphology of cells in water", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 362, "image": "7050.jpg", "report": " Mice treated with nitrofurazone 0.2% w/v ointment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 363, "image": "9876.jpg", "report": " PD in immature tomato seed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 364, "image": "15026.jpg", "report": " Annexin V staining assay for identification of cell apoptosis/necrosis at five days after seeding. Scale bar, 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 365, "image": "1653.jpg", "report": " SBF-SEM volume rendering of detailed SEM micrographs (grayscale).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 366, "image": "212.jpg", "report": " Growth dynamics of the I2 initium during 3 days after ablation, represented by longitudinal sections along the dashed lines in A and B. The wound is marked by a yellow lightning sign and yellow arrowheads", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 367, "image": "9882.jpg", "report": " Snapshot picture of chain configuration from NPT run for N=32, κA=24, and κB=128 in an elongated box geometry Lx=3Ly=3Lz with pressure P=0.04kBT/σ3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 368, "image": "14314.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy of tumors from Cxcl13-Cre/tdTom EYFP mice treated as indicated. Scale bars 700 μm (overview) and 80 μm (boxed areas). Arrowheads indicate EYFP+ PDPN+ FSCs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 369, "image": "12660.jpg", "report": " Representative overview and magnification images of lipophilic tracer (red)-treated brains at P0 with or without DAPI staining (white). Images at the bottom are magnifications of the boxed areas. Note that lipophilic tracer signal can be detected in the contralateral hemispheres only in WT animals (n=3). Scale bars: 500 µm. For more overview and magnification images, see Figs S1 and S2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 370, "image": "2447.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopic images of SDC transfectants treated either of the FITC-ApoEs and the respective APC-labeled SDC antibody. Representative images of three independent experiments are shown. Scale bar = 10 μm. MOC or PCC ± SEM for the colocalization of SDCs with FITC-ApoEs was calculated by analyzing 18 images with ~7 cells in each image (from three separate samples).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 371, "image": "1783.jpg", "report": " Pathology and immunohistochemistry of the primary lung lesion [KI-67 (50%+); CGA (−; SYN (−)]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 372, "image": "11980.jpg", "report": " Tumor samples from TB mice contained areas of pigmentation, typically appearing as clusters of melanophages at the dermal–hypodermal interface (boxes, bar = 200 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 373, "image": "5048.jpg", "report": " Images of the PSS on which the blue LED taken by the 450-nm-designed metalens (NA = 0.3) at the laser wavelength of 450 nm. Scale bar, 3 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 374, "image": "10858.jpg", "report": " Random selection of test image with N = 50 training set", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 375, "image": "15177.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the fracture surface of peak-aged 0.20Er alloy at room temperature in medium magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 376, "image": "2972.jpg", "report": " The inset is a magnified view of the pin-on-disc tribometer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 377, "image": "8112.jpg", "report": " Tubulin-rich ring at the interface between the protomerite and minute epimerite of Cephaloidophora cf. communis from the intestine of a barnacle (Balanus balanus)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 378, "image": "1603.jpg", "report": " Control rat heart", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 379, "image": "5861.jpg", "report": " C. albicans on fabrics (negative control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 380, "image": "8551.jpg", "report": " thoracic parts of the spinal cord in the 9th week fetus with cervical spina bifida (cranio-caudal direction): ependymal layer, intermediate zone, marginal zone, roof plate, floor plate, lumen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 381, "image": "6727.jpg", "report": " sponge mesophyll, chloroplast with large starch grain with typical ultrastructure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 382, "image": "3574.jpg", "report": " SEM imaging of tensile failure zones for OTS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 383, "image": "15713.jpg", "report": " Optical images of roots with major morphological features labeled. The structural integrity of some roots was damaged due to the fragility of the tissue. The large vacuole in the root cell caused the cells to rupture due to the temperature change during the thawing process. AP-SMALDI MS images were obtained at 7 μm imaging step size and normalized to the total ion current on a 0-60% intensity scale. Scale bars: 200 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 384, "image": "12082.jpg", "report": " Images of C. elegans fed WT PA14 containing the indicated reporter constructs. Top panels, Nomarski; middle panels, fluorescence; bottom panels, overlay. White boxes indicate regions shown in close-up images. Images are representative of 15 replicates from three experiments. Scale bars are 10 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 385, "image": "7089.jpg", "report": " Papillary carcinoma with follicular morphology. The follicles also show strong CD73 expression (inset)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 386, "image": "14057.jpg", "report": " Representative electron microscopy negative staining image of pooled CFS EVs (independent EV isolations N = 180) showing round-shaped EVs at 50k magnification, scale bar 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 387, "image": "14929.jpg", "report": " SEM image of sample foamed with 1% carbon dioxide. (25× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 388, "image": "11511.jpg", "report": " Structure of ATL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 389, "image": "185.jpg", "report": " Phenotypes of normal ‘Huangguan’ pear and ‘Huangguan’ pear with BS disease. Observation of the paraffin sections of the normal part (C) and BS disease part (D) of ‘Huangguan pear’. SEM analysis of the normal part (E) and BS disease part (F) of ‘Huangguan’ pear", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 390, "image": "12393.jpg", "report": " HAADF-STEM images of washed and dried cell walls", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 391, "image": "7038.jpg", "report": " Merged channels (GFP, bright field, and DAPI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 392, "image": "2509.jpg", "report": " The localization of NAC102-eYFP in epidermal cells derived from NAC102 (AT5G63790.1) transgenic lines", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 393, "image": "2998.jpg", "report": " SEM image of electrospun matrix of 3.5% Pel-80A + 5% Gel scaffold", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 394, "image": "16773.jpg", "report": " Example of a cortical neuron (TEC) demonstrating a uniformly labeled inclusion in combination with perinuclear Ser129-p aSyn+ network profiles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 395, "image": "2736.jpg", "report": " IFIX-mGFP HFFs were infected with HSV-1::mrfp-vp26 (MOI of 10). mRFP signal is pseudocolored gray. White arrow indicates viral capsid docking on nucleus.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 396, "image": "2621.jpg", "report": " Astrocytes surrounding senile plaques in DS brain section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 397, "image": "16135.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent CLSM images of GFAP (green) and Hoechst (blue) in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of WT (A) and CatH−/− (B) mice at 72 h after HI injury. Scale bar, 100 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 398, "image": "16830.jpg", "report": " Delayed scan: the tumor density is reduced, but the borders are clear, and a pseudo-capsule is formed around it. Surgery pathological biopsy (HEx200). The tumor tissue is arranged in a papillary shape. The image is a longitudinal section of a nipple, with a longitudinal section of a blood vessel visible in the center. Cancer cells are round-shaped, with transparent cytoplasm, and nuclei in the center or offset", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 399, "image": "6392.jpg", "report": " Unstained tissue sections show that the Bi alloy is intact and maintains a good filling effect at the defect", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 400, "image": "6551.jpg", "report": " GFAP-positive component and immunonegative neurocytic fields.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 401, "image": "13892.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification images of boxed regions showing phospho Ser504 eIF4B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 402, "image": "4990.jpg", "report": " Histological sections of H & E staining in the cerebral cortex of mice receiving simvastatin, showing apparently normal structure (magnification ×20)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 403, "image": "8010.jpg", "report": " The different colors represent the different alpha helixes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 404, "image": "4708.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence image at each focal plane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 405, "image": "14570.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy observations of CAL 27 cells for 24 h after single EP treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 406, "image": "6224.jpg", "report": " Parasite cluster in the cardiac fiber (S. cruzi)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 407, "image": "10841.jpg", "report": " Representative images of the metastatic carcinoma in the right upper arm (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×20).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 408, "image": "15937.jpg", "report": " Pathology specimen (f", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 409, "image": "5981.jpg", "report": " Images captured for silica nanoparticles with FESEM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 410, "image": "1200.jpg", "report": " no LC3B staining and positive p62 expressio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 411, "image": "2260.jpg", "report": " immunohistochemical staining of the specimens shows that the diffuse infiltrated lymphocytes are positive for EBER", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 412, "image": "14571.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy observations of CAL 27 cells for 24 h after treatment. Control, no treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 413, "image": "16541.jpg", "report": " Bright field images showing multiple cells responding to stimulation with similar dorsal membrane clearing", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 414, "image": "6460.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the vascular cast (50 and 150 × magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 415, "image": "1079.jpg", "report": " Distribution of CFU density per site was determined by quantitative culturing from day 7 of the infection. Data are expressed as the means ± SD; n = 10; p‐values are calculated using one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett correction, ns, not significant; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 416, "image": "88.jpg", "report": " Cross-sectional image at the branch point of PNRT1.13:NRT1.13-GFP plants grown with 2 mM KNO3 for 21∼25 day", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 417, "image": "7783.jpg", "report": " Left-hand schematic showing the problem of many successive orders of branches, using hierarchical terminology informed by developmental pattern. Right-hand schematic explains first-order branches and second-order branches, the terminology preferred in this paper", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 418, "image": "2952.jpg", "report": " SEM image of instrument fractured after torsional test performed with a straight insertion in the artificial canal at 1000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 419, "image": "14599.jpg", "report": " MEC consists mostly of squamous and mucus-forming epithelium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 420, "image": "6202.jpg", "report": " Daughter binucleate pattern involving chromosome ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 421, "image": "15973.jpg", "report": " SIM images of CTRL, G0/G0, G1/G1, and G2/G2 glomeruli 1 day after injection with pCpG-Muγ, co-stained with APOL1 (Abcam), nephrin, and endomucin. Scale bars: 5 μM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 422, "image": "9701.jpg", "report": " DIC imaging of the lateral chord to the tai", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 423, "image": "12335.jpg", "report": " A select section of the RAGP (7,040 μm from the superior aspect) zooming in on three different neuron clusters showing a high percentage of neurons within the cluster projecting to the SAN toward the SAN-proximal side of the RAGP (1), a cluster with no SAN-projecting neurons toward the SAN-distal side of the RAGP (3) and a cluster with a mix of both projecting and non-projecting neurons in between (2). Scale bars: 100 μm. Tissue measured 18.8 mm from left to right (xaxis) and 19.4 mm top to bottom (yaxis)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 424, "image": "9525.jpg", "report": " HIM image of chestnut scale with silver deposition thickness of X nm, taken from orientation Y and angle Z. Scale bar: 500 nm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 425, "image": "12603.jpg", "report": " Graphic correlatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 426, "image": "213.jpg", "report": " Cross-sections of I2-p to P2-p in B, showing the flattening of these leaves. The adaxial cell fate is characterized by the formation of trichomes, indicated by blue asterisks in B and C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 427, "image": "15915.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the cross-section of the sample at 500 µm magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 428, "image": "15263.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the composites containing the POPD fiber like structures, PVDF spheres and DWNTs for which carbon nanotubes concentration is equal to 1 wt.%", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 429, "image": "3391.jpg", "report": " SEM image of plasma and elastin-plasma hydrogels with 5% elastin concentration after 10 days of incubation in PBS at 37 °C, at 20,000× magnification and an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Scale bar corresponds to 2 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 430, "image": "12157.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry staining was also used to confirm the expression of chondrogenic differentiation related proteins, including type I and type II collagen, Sox 9, and aggrecan, in continuous slices. Scale bar 200 μm and scale bar 20 μm (The magnified photos in dot lines)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 431, "image": "841.jpg", "report": " Representative SEM images showing the ultrastructural surface of adult S. mansoni worms isolated from the mice. Male worms isolated from Sch B-treated mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 432, "image": "8542.jpg", "report": " Double immunofluorescence staining of roof plate area in 9-week human fetus with cervical spina bifida showing narrow area of sr1/pgp co-localizatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 433, "image": "13299.jpg", "report": " Representative images of the graft sections stained with H&E and Masson’s trichrome at 1 month after transplantation. Boxed areas in upper panel (scale bar, 500 μm) were shown in lower panel at higher magnification (scale bar, 50 μm). The red arrows marked the cells immersed in the pores of grafts, and the black arrows show the new blood vessels in the pores of grafts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 434, "image": "12347.jpg", "report": " Aβ42 and dimAβ AβOs accumulate in endosomes/lysosomes. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Aβ42 monomers (top row) or dimAβ AβOs (bottom row) and co-localization with endo-lysosomal compartments was analyzed. 1.1 µM Aβ42 (containing 9% HiLyte 647-labeled Aβ42, top row) or 1.1 µM dimAβ AβOs (in monomer equivalents, formed from a dimAβ solution containing 9% AbberiorStar 520SXP-labeled dimAβ, bottom row) were added to the cells. After 24 h, the medium was exchanged with fresh medium supplemented with 50 nM Yellow HCK-123 LysoTracker dye. Scale bar, 5 µm. N = 3, at least three images were acquired for each treatment to ensure reproducibility", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 435, "image": "3378.jpg", "report": " 30 zoom", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 436, "image": "9556.jpg", "report": " SEM image and EDS mapping results of the WS2-decorated Pt and SiO2 substrates.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 437, "image": "2906.jpg", "report": " Kidney of gentamicin group showing increased Bax expression in renal tissue.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 438, "image": "1019.jpg", "report": " Luciferase expression in the liver on day 224 after AAV1-Luc or AAV8-Luc administratio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 439, "image": "7242.jpg", "report": " SKOV-3 human serous ovarian cancer cells with DAPI nuclear staining (red) and with ASP and OR4M1 (green). Magnification, ×100 using a Leica DM4000 microscope (Scale bar, 10 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 440, "image": "8453.jpg", "report": " Human skeletal muscle tissue (hSMt) sections; observations in phase contrast microscopy, original. Magnification: 10×, scale bar 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 441, "image": "939.jpg", "report": " SEM images of 7.50% MnO2@GR. Inset: the optical images of 3D MnO2@GR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 442, "image": "8309.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical expression of pJNK in control testis and seminomas. (S) Sertoli cells; (Sg) Spermatogonia; (Sc) Spermatocytes; (Sd) Spermatides. Scale bar: 25 μm. Insert: higher magnification of the image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 443, "image": "4987.jpg", "report": " Histological sections of H & E staining in the striatum of PFT (100 mg/kg) brain, showing vascular congestion (magnification ×20)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 444, "image": "5931.jpg", "report": " The nuclear staining is also absent in control serum samples at 80 hr post-pupation, with nuclear localisation persisting in Cortex antibody incubated samples at 80 hr post-pupation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 445, "image": "2496.jpg", "report": " SEM images of bean surface at p = 20 Pa, t = 3 s, 10,000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 446, "image": "8263.jpg", "report": " microstructure of FD-O microcapsules after simulated gastric digestio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 447, "image": "12589.jpg", "report": " Pathological examinations of the transverse colon biopsy samples revealed the absence of the subepithelial collagen band that was present during the active phase (Masson's trichrome staining, bottom), whereas the accumulation of immune cells in the lamina propria was still observed (hematoxylin and eosin, H&E staining, top). Scale bar, 100μm. Magnification × 400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 448, "image": "15215.jpg", "report": " Histological examinations in nasal tissue by H&E and PAS staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 449, "image": "14309.jpg", "report": " A detail of the previous section where several woodworm tunnels are visible, some are empty, and some have been filled with dust and wood residues (highlighted with dashed and continuous yellow circles)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 450, "image": "3527.jpg", "report": " Morphology of electrospun fibers at 16,000× magnification. (d) PVDF + GO 0.1% non-rolling electrospinnin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 451, "image": "5708.jpg", "report": " The vertically spiraling TEs in the tangential face of the xylem bundles from the quiescent grafts.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 452, "image": "3646.jpg", "report": " Light microscopic findings indicate global sclerosis in half of the glomeruli. However, the other glomeruli showed minor lesions (periodic acid-silver methenamine stain; original magnification, 200×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 453, "image": "4104.jpg", "report": " OsObgC1N-GF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 454, "image": "9345.jpg", "report": " A spindle-shaped, stellate, pyriform or irregular morphology is observed in many of these cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 455, "image": "564.jpg", "report": " Z-stack projection of the brain cortical microvasculature endothelium imaged in Tie2-GFP mice in vivo", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 456, "image": "4128.jpg", "report": " Representative images of a co-culture of multilayered SMC and a monolayer of EC on top of them, seeded on a 3D scaffold (top layer). Representative images of merge F-actin and DAPI, VE-cadherin and DAPI and merge tricolor. Scale bar: 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 457, "image": "7738.jpg", "report": " magnification 200×, scale bar 100 µ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 458, "image": "9341.jpg", "report": " The optical image of prepared sample S1 under standard light source", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 459, "image": "5922.jpg", "report": " Still video images of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in an unmyelinated axon, an early cluster (solid arrowhead), a heminode (open arrowhead), and a node (arrow). FRAP regions of interest (ROIs) are shown as white boxes. The image of the node is superimposed on the corresponding bright-field image in the inset, confirming the presence of flanking myelin (black). Scale bar, 5 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 460, "image": "16098.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of SrSiP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 461, "image": "3594.jpg", "report": " paper 1 treated in laboratory reacto", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 462, "image": "2631.jpg", "report": " Two young DS participants’ blood sample smears (DS18, aged 32 years, and DS55, aged 39 years, with the TREM2 R47H, T mutation) showed abnormally shaped RBCs in their smears, with abnormal accumulation of TREM2 around the MNC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 463, "image": "8767.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of as-received PET fracture surface at 75 °C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 464, "image": "914.jpg", "report": " AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 465, "image": "10003.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining demonstrating spongiform lesions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 466, "image": "5362.jpg", "report": " Representative image of CTSA high expression in tumor tissue from patients with HCC (× 200 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 467, "image": "4617.jpg", "report": " Leaves treated Bacillus megaterium 6A in protective treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 468, "image": "9901.jpg", "report": " Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 5", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 469, "image": "8203.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustrations of the pSPL3-OPA1 minigen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 470, "image": "7149.jpg", "report": " A ratio map was derived from the image of the same neuron shown in (a, b) acquired at 1740 cm−1 and divided by the image acquired at 1650 cm−1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 471, "image": "5511.jpg", "report": " Pathology and immunohistochemistry H&", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 472, "image": "5371.jpg", "report": " Transmission electronic microscopy revealed many vacuoles containing mitochondria-like structures (arrowheads) in TMZ-treated cells but not in control cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 473, "image": "552.jpg", "report": " Co-injection of both RI7-L-A550 and RI7-L-A488 reveals discrete punctae of both variants of nanoparticles at the vessel walls", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 474, "image": "4476.jpg", "report": " Typical microscopic views of the renal cortex (H&E stain) for each group. The left hand column: low power images; the right hand column: high power images. G: glomerulus, *: dilated tubules, Bar: 100 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 475, "image": "9144.jpg", "report": " Rare colonization of F. alocis amongst the bacteria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 476, "image": "7684.jpg", "report": " Landscape of pleiotropic pathways on 25 diseases. The colors show average number of modes across 7 different selection p-value thresholds. The “+” sign shows a positive estimated effect and “−” indicates a negative estimated effect, with the p-value for each cell a combined p-value (see Materials and methods) of replicability across 7 thresholds using the single risk factor. These p-values are not multiple-testing adjusted across pairs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 477, "image": "6503.jpg", "report": " GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the basaloid component of the tumor with weak to absent staining in mature sebocytes, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 478, "image": "16712.jpg", "report": " Abundance estimates of chlorophyllic pigments based on spectral derivative analysis as a false-color map", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 479, "image": "6506.jpg", "report": " GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same tumor showing primarily membranous staining only in the basaloid cells at the periphery of each lobule with staining becoming weaker to completely absent in the central mature sebocytes, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 480, "image": "8225.jpg", "report": " Lower panel 2500× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 481, "image": "10927.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence imaging of mouse aorta under different treatments and the corresponding histogram of fluorescence intensity", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 482, "image": "9155.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of Confocal laser microscope image in subfigure-", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 483, "image": "15299.jpg", "report": " The labelling of defects after their edges are revealed by the morphological gradient method", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 484, "image": "7717.jpg", "report": " Three-dimensional representation of a YFP neuron (green) with TDP-43 (red) wrapping around the DAPI nucleus (blue). Scale bar, A-C = 50 µm, D = 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 485, "image": "632.jpg", "report": " Aerogenous microscopic extension in an adenocarcinoma (metastatic cells in an alveolus, ×20)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 486, "image": "14909.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence colocalization analysis of F4/80 (red) and CD206 (green) proteins in the receptive uterus of day 4 (09 h) and EBISs of days 5 (09 h and 21 h) and 6 (09 h) of pregnancy. Cross sections obtained from two pieces of uterine tissues/mouse/timepoint of pregnancy were fixed, immunostained, counterstained with DAPI (blue) and photographed. Yellow colored spots designated the colocalization of F4/80 and CD206 proteins. In order to show the tissue structure, overblown DAPI stained images are presented in left-hand column", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 487, "image": "6184.jpg", "report": " Micro-FTIR microscopic image—the mapped area is within the box;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 488, "image": "16025.jpg", "report": " A antigen expression in glomerular capillary walls (arrowhead) and distal convoluted tubules (arrow) using anti-A mAb. Positive detection is shown by brown staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 489, "image": "13272.jpg", "report": " In the cells treated with Rab35 siRNA, the lumina tend to grow as spheres instead of elongating as tubes. Images from the live-cell time-lapse microscopy experiment showing two neighboring differentiating hepatoblasts expressing LifeAct-EGFP under Rab35 siRNA conditions. The white star indicates the forming lumen between the two cells. Note that the typical transverse striped actin pattern observed in the tubular BC is absent. Scale bar: 10 µm. See also Video 8.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 490, "image": "15014.jpg", "report": " Normalised environment used for network training", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 491, "image": "912.jpg", "report": " Cross-section area of cardiomyocytes measured in a tissue section (n = 5 in each group).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 492, "image": "2634.jpg", "report": " Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) scores assigned by a blinded renal pathologist (1 = <11%, 2 = 11–24%, 3 = 25–45%, 4 = 46–75%, 5 = >75%). Each individual data point represents the score assigned to one porcine kidney sample. Lines represent mean ± SEM. Values were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *, p < 0.05. Treatment groups: SCS-4 °C, static cold storage on ice at 4 °C (n = 6). H-21 °C, perfusion with Hemopure at 21 °C (n = 5). H200nM-21 °C, perfusion with Hemopure + 200 nM AP39 at 21 °C (n = 5). H1µM-21 °C, perfusion with Hemopure + 1 µM AP39 at 21 °C (n = 6)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 493, "image": "13689.jpg", "report": " immunocytochemical analysis of the effects of the MPR on NMDA-induced trafficking of cell surface GluA1. Cultured hippocampal neurons expressing phospho-deficient GluA1 (GluA1AA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 494, "image": "9638.jpg", "report": " nematode trapped by A6 strain three-dimensional network;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 495, "image": "8063.jpg", "report": " Closeup of the subcutaneous implantation model of the porcine aortal patch (PAP). Dashed line: implant, a: tunica intima, b: tunica media, and c: tunica adventitia. (Image was stained with Azan, magnification: 20× and scale bar = 2 mm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 496, "image": "16627.jpg", "report": " Tumor infiltration destroys the surrounding host bones and smoke-like calcification is not obvious (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained, original magnification× 200).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 497, "image": "9657.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence image of the MgHA/Col scaffold seeded with MC3T3-E1 cells and SA after 72 hours of coculture", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 498, "image": "13960.jpg", "report": " Intracellular localization of deletion mutants BLLF2(1–58) and BLLF2(59–148) in COS-7 cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 499, "image": "10969.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in the retina of a 30-d-old mouse. Scale bar represents 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 500, "image": "2743.jpg", "report": " 2D projection of PIP2 staining with selected regions showing specific pattern of PIP2 associated with nuclear speckles (Sp), nucleoplasm (Np) and nucleolus (Nu)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 501, "image": "8806.jpg", "report": " Negative control (DMF 0.1% v/v", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 502, "image": "13165.jpg", "report": " Skeletal muscle nuclei had a wide weak to moderate staining pattern. Here, the capillaries and supporting tissue are nearly negative (C)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 503, "image": "4403.jpg", "report": " Mitotic cells are marked by pH3 (yellow) and nuclei with DAPI (blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 504, "image": "6047.jpg", "report": " Papillary endothelial hyperplasia in the vessel and collagen proliferation in surrounding tissue in the sample from control group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 505, "image": "1080.jpg", "report": " Distribution of CFU density per disk was determined by quantitative culturing from day 7 of the infection. Data are expressed as the means ± SD; n = 10; p‐values are calculated using one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett correction, * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 506, "image": "9654.jpg", "report": " The ultrastructure observation of abortive ovules integument, a series of changes occurred in cells, such as the grave aggregation of cytoplasm and disintegration of cellular organelle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 507, "image": "55.jpg", "report": " Histology (day + 161, colonic mucosa): minimal architectural distortion, increase of lamina propria, associated with muscularis mucosae hypertrophy (black arrow) and adequate gland representation indicating chronic mild colitis with histologic remission. SES-CD: simplified endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 508, "image": "11296.jpg", "report": " Histological and schematic representations of electrode placements", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 509, "image": "11986.jpg", "report": " Small focus of viable tumor surrounded by necrosis. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 180 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 510, "image": "4563.jpg", "report": " Adrenal medulla of quercetin and lumateperone-treated group showing epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), focal area of rarified cytoplasm (circle), regular rounded nucleus, nucleolus (Nu), normal mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead; ×17,500)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 511, "image": "8444.jpg", "report": " Di-CNN Predictio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 512, "image": "9577.jpg", "report": " Side-view SEM image of PPFs (PVA-removed PAN/PVA bi-component fibers) prepared with high molecular weight PVA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 513, "image": "1631.jpg", "report": " HepaRG hepatocytes loaded and cultured for 21 days fixed and stained for nuclei (blue), F-actin (green), ZO-1 (red), and albumin (grey", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 514, "image": "7701.jpg", "report": " Densitometry of collagen I analysis were more enhanced at CKD 10 weeks rats than 4 weeks rats", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 515, "image": "14340.jpg", "report": " Microscopic observations of S. parasitica after treating tanks with different quantities of COPPERWARE® (L-copperware: 7.5 × 3.7 × 2.4 cm, 9.46 g; M-copperware: 7.5 × 3.7 × 1.2 cm, 4.96 g; S-copperware: 3.75 × 3.7 × 1.2 cm, 2.58 g) and commercial filter with no CCCSNs (No-copperware) in experiment 1 at 72 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 516, "image": "7435.jpg", "report": " SSTR5 IHC is mildly positive (score 1) in the cytoplasm of the malignant cells (arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 517, "image": "2852.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of bulk FeAlSiNiTi produced by MA + SP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 518, "image": "7054.jpg", "report": " CK7-positive cells forming glandular structures are partly observed in the tumor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 519, "image": "10907.jpg", "report": " Hematein eosin stain composed of a small amount of abnormal mitotic cells, lacking the portal triads or bile ducts (original magnification × 200).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 520, "image": "7257.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy analysis of kidney sections stained with anti‐WT1 antibody in untreated (UT) mice, LPS‐treated mice and LPS/Cmip siRNA‐treated mice. Note that the expression of Wt1 is preserved in mice treated with LPS and Cmip‐siRNA, as compared with LPS alone. Scale bar, 10 microns; lower panel, mean number of WT1‐positive cells by glomerulus. Data are means ± SD. The abundance of WT1 is lower in LPS‐treated mice (n = 5 mice), than in LPS/Cmip siRNA‐treated mice (n = 5 mice) (30 glomeruli were analyzed per mouse, ***p < 0.001, Mann‐Whitney test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 521, "image": "9298.jpg", "report": " Representative histological images of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of non-IPF and IPF lung tissues for LC3β puncta (green), BiP (red), and DAPI (blue). Very little co-localization is observed in the merged images (far right side) for both non-IPF and IPF lung tissues.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 522, "image": "7645.jpg", "report": " L-carnitine showed normal neurons and glia cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 523, "image": "9183.jpg", "report": " Signs of P. halstedii on the cotyledons. The disease was first assessed based on the formation of white sporulation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 524, "image": "6991.jpg", "report": " TEM images and quantification of SGs that localize near PM from DMSO- and NOC-treated islets in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 525, "image": "12392.jpg", "report": " A low-magnification cryoTEM image of vitrified C. tenuissimus cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 526, "image": "2905.jpg", "report": " Kidney of gentamicin group: Arrow showed interstitial round cell infiltration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 527, "image": "4428.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification, demonstrating dense mats of filamentous bacterial colonies (arrows) embedded in radiating, brightly eosinophilic material (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon). Scale bar = 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 528, "image": "9436.jpg", "report": " Viability of the cells was determined by LIVE/DEAD staining (green, live; red, dead) at 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 529, "image": "15183.jpg", "report": " SEM photomicrograph of TiO2 microspheres prepared with 0.190 g PVP inducer, exhibiting larger pore volume and size compared to (a).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 530, "image": "3986.jpg", "report": " Cores from DS.1. Unifacial linear (UL) core on basalt with intense battering due to percussion (67x59x48 mm, 322 g)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 531, "image": "14166.jpg", "report": " Lck-CFP and FM1–43 staining in HEK293T cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 532, "image": "12909.jpg", "report": " Diagram showing a single neocortical heterotopion induced at the needle tract during in utero electroporation (IUE) at embryonic day (E15). The site is relocated postnatally for detailed investigation of the resulting layer I heterotopion by intravital imaging", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 533, "image": "7059.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the portal and lobular area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 534, "image": "9246.jpg", "report": " Prussian blue staining of the spleen obtained from the polymer SA group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 535, "image": "12267.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic images of the self-assembled hydrogel generated by I20K2-RGD-K2S6I20 from 175 mg mL–1 aqueous solutions after 14 days post-seeding with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at 37°C reproduced with permission from (doi.org/10.1002/smll.202001244), copyright 2020", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 536, "image": "14.jpg", "report": " A highly altered cell as seen from 4 different angles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 537, "image": "7107.jpg", "report": " immunohistochemical staining with anti-MUC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 538, "image": "6757.jpg", "report": " pleurocystidia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 539, "image": "16096.jpg", "report": " positive control (treated with vermis kinase);", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 540, "image": "14768.jpg", "report": " The border between the INL and OPL is not smooth (segmented line). In this case, the jagged ratio is 1.21", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 541, "image": "13263.jpg", "report": " Heatmap comparing the expression of selected hepatocyte marker genes in primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts (Hepatoblasts), in vitro differentiated hepatocytes (Diff. hepatocytes, Protocol 1, Materials and methods), and control mature hepatocytes isolated from adult mouse livers (Mature hepatocytes). RNA-seq experiment in four biological replicates", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 542, "image": "15812.jpg", "report": " Lateral view of female and male embryos of Dsx1 reporter strain injected with control siRNA and Shep siRNA and observed at 48 h after injection. mCherry fluorescence allowed visualization of Dsx1 expression while GFP fluorescence in the nucleus enabled observation of body structures. The merged images of mCherry and GFP and the bright field images were used to understand the localization pattern of mCherry expression. An1: first antennae, T1: first thoracic leg, dotted lines: yolk area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 543, "image": "7560.jpg", "report": " MYOC and CAV1 antibodies were used for coprecipitation respectively, each able to be precipitated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 544, "image": "9950.jpg", "report": " The benign image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 545, "image": "15328.jpg", "report": " higher magnifications of villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast, as well as villous blood vessel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 546, "image": "9703.jpg", "report": " Under magnification of 17,800×, AT1-HSA-MRN-NPs of size 190.2 ± 5.7 nm with a zeta potential of −29.5 ± 3.7 mV (Scale = 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 547, "image": "15193.jpg", "report": " Optical microscopy image of PS/Waste/CNT (70/30/1.0 wt.%) nanocomposite at high magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 548, "image": "10965.jpg", "report": " normal bladder space, no cellular infiltrates, and normal epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 549, "image": "10024.jpg", "report": " Ultrastructural analysis of BHK-WNVKUN cells transfected with NT or LNP siRNA by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower panels show higher magnification images of the yellow boxes indicated in the upper panels, respectively. Scale bars represent 500 nm in the upper panels and 100 nm in the lower panels. Arrows indicate the Ve, ER: the endoplasmic reticulum; Nu: nucleus; M: mitochondria; Vp: vesicle packets", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 550, "image": "3856.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence microscopy analysis showing peroxisomal membranes marked by PMP47-GFP fusion protein. The volume of fluorescence spot indicates the volume of peroxisome in each sample. Scale bar, 3.5 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 551, "image": "2044.jpg", "report": " γH2AX foci are almost undetectable in the rostral migratory stream (RMS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 552, "image": "6670.jpg", "report": " Left kidney without clamp (positive control)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 553, "image": "11057.jpg", "report": " Time-lapse live imaging of junction remodeling and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in CV pruning in Tg(Fliep:Lifeact-EGFP);KI(cdh5-mRFP) embryos. Control embryo shows a retraction of junction (white arrowhead) and a shrinkage of its junctional ring (white and blue arrowheads) as multicellular tube became stenotic. F-actin forms at cdh5-positive junction (white, blue and yellow arrowheads), and undergoes a similar rearrangement as cdh5-positve junctions. 7 vascular loops are taken time-lapse live imaging. Scale bar: 25 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 554, "image": "7848.jpg", "report": " Cytoplasmic mixing measurement", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 555, "image": "15244.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary about six weeks before sexual maturation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 556, "image": "5691.jpg", "report": " CCR7+ cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 557, "image": "7302.jpg", "report": " 400-fold magnification of M1 macrophages (CD68 + /CD86 +) tissue fluorescent staining images. White arrow indicates M1 macrophages", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 558, "image": "15695.jpg", "report": " Individual scans of juvenile autofluorescence emitted in green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 559, "image": "4608.jpg", "report": " Super-resolution fluorescence localization microscopy image of CD44 (immunostained by anti-CD44 515 antibodies followed by Alexa-Fluor-647-conjugated secondary antibodies) on the control KG1a cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 560, "image": "3346.jpg", "report": " a scanning electron microscope", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 561, "image": "563.jpg", "report": " Examples of nanoparticle classification based on Δp. Percentage distribution of adhering (adh.), internalized (int.), unresolved at luminal (unL) or abluminal side (unA) nanoparticles, and nanoparticles found at the abluminal side of the endothelium (abl.)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 562, "image": "1103.jpg", "report": " A higher magnification of the graded structure is displayed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 563, "image": "16583.jpg", "report": " GFAP immunostaining in whole mount retinas of D2 mice for the evaluation of macroglia activation. Virtual 3D reconstruction displaying GFAP-immunopositive processes in the retinal thickness (cyan insets) and surface projections distancing 10 µm (yellow) and 45 µm (green) from the uppermost focal plan. Scale bar, 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 564, "image": "15835.jpg", "report": " The morphology of N2A-pGFAP-HSVtk cells remained intact and their cell viability was maintained above 90%", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 565, "image": "14053.jpg", "report": " Brain histology of infected mice at chronic infection phase.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 566, "image": "1754.jpg", "report": " Cells are also positive for EBV with in situ hybridization", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 567, "image": "9860.jpg", "report": " Color complementation and enhanced β-carotene accumulation due to the expression of OsDXS1, OsDXS2, and OsDXS3, respectively, in E. coli engineered for β-carotene biosynthesis. The plate was divided into four sections, which were inoculated separately with bacteria carrying pACCAR16∆crtX and pUC8-OsDXS1 (16∆crtX-OsDXS1), pACCAR16∆crtX and pUC8-OsDXS2 (16∆crtX-OsDXS2), pACCAR16∆crtX and pUC8-OsDXS3 (16∆crtX-OsDXS3), or pACCAR16∆crtX and pUC8 (empty vector as a control) (16∆crtX-pUC8)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 568, "image": "9359.jpg", "report": " CD34+SCs/TCs around fascicles of arrector pili muscle.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 569, "image": "13125.jpg", "report": " fluorescence micrograph of cells stained with Nile Red, showing non-polar lipid droplets (yellow) and chlorophyll autofluorescence (red);", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 570, "image": "4509.jpg", "report": " Electron micrographs of TSC (Day 0) and TGC (Day 9) nuclei.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 571, "image": "8786.jpg", "report": " Tgfb1 expression by RT-PC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 572, "image": "10610.jpg", "report": " CA9 immunofluorescence overlaid with DAPI.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 573, "image": "9154.jpg", "report": " Confocal laser microscope image of primary root tip stained with propidium iodide in 4 days old seedlings of A. thaliana treated for 7 days with 100 μM coumari", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 574, "image": "5859.jpg", "report": " Close-up view of the apical part in (E)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 575, "image": "3351.jpg", "report": " Z-stack confocal images of 3D organoids showing expression of MHC, Titin, cTnnT2, MLC, CX43 as indicated, scale bar = 300 µm, unmerged images are shown in Figure S11", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 576, "image": "112.jpg", "report": " Wild-type chloroplast", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 577, "image": "2613.jpg", "report": " YFP images of 1-mm-thick mouse brain block", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 578, "image": "9508.jpg", "report": " SEM image of 3D TiO2 microspheres with nanoribbon building units obtained from mixed solutions of aqueous TTIP solution (100H2O:7HCl:0.03CTAB:0.05TTIP) and EG: (e) TTIPaq:EG = 1:", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 579, "image": "5140.jpg", "report": " Fourteen days after differentiation, both R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs were replated into 24-well plates with pillars precoated with laminin for continuous observation of the 2D structure. Replated iPSC-CMs were observed over time and then analyzed by immunostaining and TEM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 580, "image": "4071.jpg", "report": " Anti-EGFP (green) and anti-NeuN (red) immunofluorescent confocal images of coronal sections at the level of dorsal (top left) and ventral (bottom left) hippocampus from an Htr4-bacTRAP mouse. Dorsal and ventral CA1 and CA3 fields (white boxes) are shown at higher magnification on the right. Scale bars: 500 µm (left panels) or 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 581, "image": "11145.jpg", "report": " Translucent glands of Vaccinium exiguum leaf margi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 582, "image": "9947.jpg", "report": " E. coli Popeye-1 was exposed to 12 ng/mL ciprofloxacin, added after a 1 h delay, and was collected at 5 h for acridine orange staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 583, "image": "15089.jpg", "report": " Double labeling for Tuj-1 and P35/P25 in each group is shown. P35/P25 immunopositive granules are distributed unevenly with higher intensities after ONC (placebo)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 584, "image": "12453.jpg", "report": " Staging of the Barton Springs salamander at Stage 31", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 585, "image": "5929.jpg", "report": " Using the same confocal settings with Cortex antibody at 72 hr reveals nuclear localisation at 30x magnification and 60× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 586, "image": "2835.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of fracture surface of sample containing 15% NIPU and 1% Nanoben", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 587, "image": "9865.jpg", "report": " Abaxial surface with trichomes (T)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 588, "image": "2989.jpg", "report": " TEM image of rolled aluminosilicate layer at different magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 589, "image": "9949.jpg", "report": " The malignant image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 590, "image": "15083.jpg", "report": " Representative image of HOB® osteoblasts growing in the presence of SCS8T20U, after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 591, "image": "12548.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence images of chorionic villi showing in situ expression of FTO and m6A in both groups (Normal n = 3; Patient n = 3; NC:negative control n = 3). Blue – FTO and red – m6A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 592, "image": "13632.jpg", "report": " Representative pathological and histopathological examination of inguinal lymph nodes, submandibular lymphatic nodes, kidney, and spleen upon CSFV lethal challenge", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 593, "image": "7470.jpg", "report": " Intradermal abscess indicated by the cross (H&E, bar = 400 µm).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 594, "image": "9704.jpg", "report": " Under 135,000× magnification, the AT1-HSA-MRN-NPs display a dark core surrounded by a bright distinct membrane layer (Scale = 20 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 595, "image": "10829.jpg", "report": " Histologic specimen acquired from the tumor mass, light microscopic examination (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain), 100× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 596, "image": "9519.jpg", "report": " Atomic-resolution TEM imag", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 597, "image": "16725.jpg", "report": " Histologic features of the lesion showed that the tumor was composed of densely arranged, abundant spindle cells with nuclei that were mild to moderately atypical, and proliferation of epithelioid cells(HE, ×200).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 598, "image": "9761.jpg", "report": " Optical power (scaled to its maximum) versus position, measured using the blade edge shading effect. The insets sketch approximate blade-beam relative locations at selected points.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 599, "image": "3590.jpg", "report": " magnification of the inner skin layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 600, "image": "10041.jpg", "report": " Positive staining of cells of the Billroth pulp cords, as well as single cells of the spleen capsule (×200, ×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 601, "image": "9792.jpg", "report": " Free-TMX at 40 mg/kg/day (oral", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 602, "image": "6150.jpg", "report": " Boxed areas in the cortex () and hippocampus () are shown at a higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 603, "image": "5903.jpg", "report": " SEM image of laser cut textile of a random joint point and magnification on cut edges where nylon/elastomer was melted due to laser operation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 604, "image": "6469.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy image of engineered human kidney microvessel. Red indicates CD31, green indicates vWF,. Scale bar, 50 mm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 605, "image": "11322.jpg", "report": " SEM micrographs of S. aureus cells before automated FIB-SEM cross-sectional analysis was performed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 606, "image": "10344.jpg", "report": " represent the same images filtered for red/magenta hues,", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 607, "image": "5755.jpg", "report": " Identification of neural stem/progenitor cells (Sox2), neuroblast (Dcx), immature neurons (Tuj1), and microglia-like cells (Iba1) in developing MCOs at day 40 detected by multilabeled immunofluorescent confocal imaging with indicated cellular markers. Hoechst was used as a nuclear marker. Panels (B1–B3) are the split channels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 608, "image": "6438.jpg", "report": " Left posterior triangle lymph node showing broad effacement of architecture by a dense infiltrate of small monomorphous lymphocytes consistent with CLL. Note the adjacent subcapsular focus of metastatic MCC (Black arrow) (H&E; original magnification: (a) 20×; (b) 5×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 609, "image": "9690.jpg", "report": " A section of the hypopharyngeal glands of 106 N. ceranae-infected bees on14 dpi, treated with 50% propolis. The cytoplasm of the secretory cell contains variable numbers of secretory granules stained red-pink with PAS. The oval nuclei are stained a greenish color from light green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 610, "image": "1869.jpg", "report": " Representative H and E staining images (magnification × 400). ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 611, "image": "6730.jpg", "report": " palisade mesophyll, chloroplasts without starch grains, electron-dense deposits in vacuoles and gray flocculent content", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 612, "image": "5677.jpg", "report": " Expression of green fluorescent protein from the pTOR-GFP construct was detected as fluorescence in sporangia of Phytophthora cinnamomi transformant PcGFP-1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 613, "image": "6360.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescent images (40× magnification) in murine submandibular glands 6M post-cannulation with AAV2-LAMP3. LAMP3, lysosome-associated membrane protein 3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 614, "image": "7865.jpg", "report": " Violin plots depict the fold change in CDKN1A (P21) expression measured by qRT-PCR and compared in unwashed control cells (black), fused cells (blue), and fused cells treated with PitStop2 (white)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 615, "image": "7510.jpg", "report": " SEM images of TEMPO-CNF material in (i) low magnification overview with MDA-MB-231 cells and (ii) cross section and cavities in the material. Inset in (A(ii)) higher magnification of the cross section.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 616, "image": "12003.jpg", "report": " Anti-MUC2 immunostained representative photomicrograph shows highly induced MUC2 positive ductal cells in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mouse pancreas compared with cerulein, and saline-treated mice. Morphometric quantification analysis of MUC2+ cells/mm2 were presented", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 617, "image": "1965.jpg", "report": " A raw 3D image of FAD fluorescence of lung is shown.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 618, "image": "16326.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) images of serum-starved ciliated (C) and non-ciliated (F) RPE1 WT and CEP78 KO cells labeled with antibodies against CP110 (green), combined DCTN1 and acetylated tubulin (Ac-tub; magenta) and DAPI to mark the nucleus (blue). Insets show enlarged views of the cilium-centrosome area.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 619, "image": "3480.jpg", "report": " Surface morphology of thermo-responsive cellulose hydrogels at the magnification of 2.50k×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 620, "image": "5608.jpg", "report": " Macroscopic examination of fixed hypopharynx and esophagus, with evidence of two necrotic ulcers [white arrows], with raised sharply demarcated borders, in the anterior and posterior hypopharyngeal walls", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 621, "image": "8773.jpg", "report": " Visible transmission spectrum of the Au/SAP structures (red) and the Au-Gap/SAP structures (black)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 622, "image": "3498.jpg", "report": " part of microvill", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 623, "image": "5053.jpg", "report": " TEM and HRTEM images of 1%ZnO/c-Cu-109", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 624, "image": "1435.jpg", "report": " Five parallel sections highlighted in panel A analyzed by nanoSIMS. Top row, raw 14N12C− secondary ion counts illustrating the position of cells. Bottom row, fractional abundance of 15N calculated as 15N12C−/(15N12C−+14N12C−), all scaled to the same intensity. Note sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) assimilate significantly more 15N, on average, than their ANME-2 counterparts, as has been previously shown (17).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 625, "image": "9362.jpg", "report": " CD34+SCs/TCs are observed around the epithelial tracts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 626, "image": "9283.jpg", "report": " (magnification 40 × 0.65) plasma cell infiltration, specifically identified by CD 138 antibody. IgG4-positive plasma cells among the inflammatory infiltrates, showing a high IgG4/IgG ratio (>40%), by IgG4 immunostain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 627, "image": "7713.jpg", "report": " AlexaFluor647 labelled sdAb constructs (in red) are co-incubated with fluorescent dextran (in cyan) to assess their mechanism of internalization. Scalebar is 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 628, "image": "12074.jpg", "report": " FITC-insulin activates mTORC1 signaling as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream effector, S6. Bottom images represent magnification of the grey rectangle-marked area in the middle images. Scale bar (middle) 4 mm, (bottom) 700 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 629, "image": "9960.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM image of freshly synthetized Bi2O3 at 5K and different magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 630, "image": "9375.jpg", "report": " Spindled and pleomorphic CD34+ stromal cells in fibroepithelial polyps. Note in (E) a CD34+ multinucleated stromal cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 631, "image": "1406.jpg", "report": " Cells containing amastigotes. Actin cages are clearly visible", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 632, "image": "4921.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence observation of the APP (red) and SV2A (green) in APPswe293T cells. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 40 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 633, "image": "9421.jpg", "report": " Photograph of the BPM cationic surface in contact with caseinate after EDBM in PEF mode carried out at a flow rate corresponding to a Reynolds number of 374 and a pause duration of 1 s. The red circle indicates an area with the highest amount of deposit", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 634, "image": "8899.jpg", "report": " Control image with no primary antibody used, depicted at 10x magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 635, "image": "15087.jpg", "report": " twisted 10% p-V-SiO2/PEO CPE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 636, "image": "443.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of low level (<30%) of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin sections (×400 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 637, "image": "13144.jpg", "report": " Examination before REBACIN® treatment; representative picture of normal TCT.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 638, "image": "8733.jpg", "report": " Gross evaluation of the removed hydrogel constructs from experimental groups (cell only, MNPs +magnet, MNPs −magnet) with accompanying whole mount fluorescent microscopy with implanted oMSCs are identified in red. Scale = 2 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 639, "image": "10091.jpg", "report": " A list of motile sperm generation in first round hormone-treated WT monkeys, the control indicating the time for sperm natural maturation.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 640, "image": "150.jpg", "report": " dentigerous cyst (at magnification of 20x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 641, "image": "8234.jpg", "report": " Histological analysis following H&E staining for SS/SIL devices at a total magnification of 200× (scale bar 100 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 642, "image": "7031.jpg", "report": " CLEM experiment to demonstrate INVs between aggregated mitochondria. Cells expressing GFP-FKBP-TPD54 and mCherry-MitoTrap were imaged before light microscopy (LM), before (Pre) and after (Post) rapamycin 200 nM addition for 3 min. An ultrathin section of the same cell is shown by transmission EM. Inset: 4× zoom. Scale bars, 500 nm or 50 nm (insets)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 643, "image": "8937.jpg", "report": " Representative single photograms are shown for a normal mitotic division (first row) and the different observed defects (second to fourth rows); minutes from round-up are indicated. Scale bar: 10 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 644, "image": "9412.jpg", "report": " CCR-7 (+) MNGCs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 645, "image": "11985.jpg", "report": " Viable tumor shows epithelioid morphology with pleomorphism. The tumor cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with small to moderate amount of cytoplasm. The nuclei show large prominent nucleoli. Hemotoxylin and eosin stain, magnification scale: 90 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 646, "image": "12168.jpg", "report": " initiation of sirolimus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 647, "image": "5288.jpg", "report": " demonstrate liver parenchyma with a sinusoidal and portal infiltrate composed of atypical lymphocytes along with scattered neutrophils. The atypical lymphocytes stained (not shown) positively for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD30, with Ki67 significantly increased (> 90%). ALK1 was negative", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 648, "image": "10417.jpg", "report": " Structures determined by NIS as a proof of concept for a more challenging sampl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 649, "image": "16331.jpg", "report": " At the cardiac disc stage (23 som), the tg(0.2Intr1spaw:eGFP) reporter is expressed in cardiomyocytes exclusively belonging to the left half of the cardiac disc. Arrowhead indicates arterial pole of the heart tube. Legends: R: Right; L: Left. Scale bar: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 650, "image": "6400.jpg", "report": " TB staining shows that dark blue new regeneration bone tissue and pink new osteoblasts can be seen around the filling Bi alloy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 651, "image": "9652.jpg", "report": " The ultrastructural observation of the inner integument of fertile ovules, cell organelles and nucleus were degraded", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 652, "image": "15195.jpg", "report": " Optical microscopy image of PS/CNT (1.0 wt.%) nanocomposite at medium magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 653, "image": "678.jpg", "report": " The analytical strategy for the basement membrane integrity", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 654, "image": "8879.jpg", "report": " Imaging of intact testis tissues with the corresponding staining and immunohistochemistry for vascular structures and cell types. PASM stain: Periodic Schiff-methenamine staining; MT stain: Masson’s trichrome staining; Scale bars: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 655, "image": "7866.jpg", "report": " The ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic YAP1 was measured at each timepoint after fusion in control (untreated) or endocytosis inhibited cells washed with fusion buffer. Error bars represent the SEM of cells examined over three independent experiments", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 656, "image": "9209.jpg", "report": " Merged image of cervical lymph nodes of a mouse after injection of GC-AuNPs (2.5 mg Au/mL, 80 μL). Images were obtained before injection, at 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of post-injection. Excitation laser wavelength was 680 nm and laser power 0.62 mJ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 657, "image": "15827.jpg", "report": " Ventral view of male embryos of Dsx1 reporter strain injected with GFP mRNA as control and GFP plus Shep mRNA observed at 30 h after injection. mCherry fluorescence allowed visualization of Dsx1 expression while GFP fluorescence in the nucleus enabled observation of body structures. The merged images of mCherry and GFP and the bright field images were used to understand the localization pattern of mCherry expression. An1: first antennae, T1: first thoracic legs, Ge: genital", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 658, "image": "9977.jpg", "report": " Demonstration of viral RNA in neurons by in situ hybridization (ISH) with a probe targeting the ORF2 of BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1 (brown labeling)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 659, "image": "14764.jpg", "report": " BSE image showing coesite aggregates, subrounded in shape, embedded in silica glass and deformed PDF-bearing quartz relicts.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 660, "image": "16589.jpg", "report": " At P30, Gpr125-β-Gal expression was detected in Claudius cells (yellow arrowheads), Hensen’s cells (yellow arrows), and outer sulcus (cyan arrowheads). Relative to P4, Gpr125-β-Gal expression in the IDC (white arrows) is more intense. Insets show magnification of boxed areas in A–E. SV, stria vascularis; LER, lesser epithelial ridge; OHC, outer hair cells; SGN, spiral ganglion neurons; IHC, inner hair cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 661, "image": "624.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification images of the inset in (B), illustrating RLN3 fibers contacting CR processes (arrow) and retrograde FG labeling (arrowhead) of case FG34, in which the injection site was restricted to the DG. Calibration bars 20 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 662, "image": "9012.jpg", "report": " Cell number of MSCs between the yellow line and right edge versus distance from the right edge in the Gel/HA–HAP–SDF-1 group.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 663, "image": "12719.jpg", "report": " Cropped views of a single larva imaged from late L1 across L2 and L3 until the L4 stage using the L1-L4 device", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 664, "image": "625.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification images of the boxed areas in (F), illustrating (G,H) contacts with CR neurons and (I) FG labeled neurons. Calibration bars 20 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 665, "image": "2031.jpg", "report": " irradiation-induced γH2AX foci in corte", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 666, "image": "9536.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of Bi1.93Sn0.07Se3 nanosheets at magnification 10.00 K ×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 667, "image": "3008.jpg", "report": " Cross sections of the seventh internode from transgenic lines 29 at 400 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 668, "image": "9916.jpg", "report": " HepG2 cells grown on dextran thin films deposited on glass substrate at 24 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 669, "image": "4218.jpg", "report": " Snapshot of the corona discharge’s transverse jet of electric wind exiting from the electrode end of the three-dimensional printed powder composite casing", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 670, "image": "13962.jpg", "report": " COS-7 cells individually transfected with the TAP-dependent positive control EYFP-BFLF2 or co-transfected with expression plasmids TAP-mCherry/EYFP-BFLF2 or TAP-mCherry/EYFP-BLLF2, and then examined by confocal microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 671, "image": "6172.jpg", "report": " Zoomed area from (A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 672, "image": "14301.jpg", "report": " The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to compare gene expression between Mat, neural stem cells (NSCs), and BEM organoids at day 30 (n = 3 for SOX2, EZH2, and TH and n = 4 for CDH1 and TUBB3, 10–15 brain organoids collected as one sample batch, Mat versus BEM p = 0.0061, NSC versus BEM p = 0.0027 for SOX2; Mat versus NSC p < 0.0001, NSC versus BEM p = 0.0371 for EZH2; Mat versus BEM p = 0.0004, Mat versus NSC p = 0.0039, NSC versus BEM p = 0.0001 for CDH1; Mat versus BEM p < 0.0001, NSC versus BEM p < 0.0001 for TUBB3; NSC versus BEM p = 0.0346 for TH, independent replicates = 3)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 673, "image": "7657.jpg", "report": " areas of VSCM fibers appearing as blue connected islands with a void space filed by loosely distributed cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 674, "image": "5025.jpg", "report": " Maximum contrast white-on-black single-channel images for Hoechst staining of nuclei", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 675, "image": "9852.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PET-UIO66-1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 676, "image": "7647.jpg", "report": " FPN + L-carnitine-treated grou", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 677, "image": "7909.jpg", "report": " SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at ×10,000 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 678, "image": "13376.jpg", "report": " Schematic Karanahan approach with the schedule and dosages of CP and DNAmix administration.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 679, "image": "16880.jpg", "report": " Transverse section through a barley leaf", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 680, "image": "9454.jpg", "report": " Surface roughness profiles for dry storage (left", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 681, "image": "6018.jpg", "report": " Classification network (part 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 682, "image": "15034.jpg", "report": " Magnifications of the cristae junctions observed are shown below each picture (see arrow) and at the bottom of the panel; a drawing of the mitochondrial external membrane and the cristae junction of each image can be found, with the cristae junction size in nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 683, "image": "9999.jpg", "report": " Midbrain sections including the substantia nigra (black ovals). Insets show higher magnification and PrPSc present in the substantia nigra", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 684, "image": "15916.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the cross-section of the sample at 1 mm magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 685, "image": "16713.jpg", "report": " Group-specific pigments phycocyanin (Cyanobacteria) and bacteriochlorophylls a (purple bacteria, e.g., Rhodovibrio) and c (Chloroflexi) as composite color map", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 686, "image": "1215.jpg", "report": " Reactivity with CD33 in osteoclastic cells (long arrow) and tumor cells (short arrow) in pancreatic osteoclast-rich undifferentiated carcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 687, "image": "8209.jpg", "report": " Representative photograph of wound tissue from the Collagen group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 688, "image": "5386.jpg", "report": " Snapshots of a twisting simulation with ε12=0.75 for an initial value of the angular velocity ω=0.04. Snapshots (, b, c, d) are spaced by Δt=74.2. The arrows in () indicate the rotation direction, see Fig. 1b. In all subpanels, the grains are aligned such that the central axis lies horizontally in the middle of the figure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 689, "image": "14968.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of the Zn-25 wt% Bi alloy on longitudinal section after casting into the cold mol", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 690, "image": "990.jpg", "report": " Fasciclin II (FasII) antibody staining of control (C155>Gal4, w1118) and Nab2ex3 (C155>Gal4;;Nab2ex3) brains 48 to 72 h after puparium formation. Confocal images show maximum intensity Z-stack projections (projection) that display full mushroom bodies and single transverse plane sections (single section) that display midline crossing of β-lobe axons. Imaging reveals that control rarely shows defects in α- and β-lobes, while Nab2ex3 brains often have thinning or loss of the α-lobes and β-lobes that project across the midline into the contralateral hemisphere resulting in the fusion of the lobes or occasionally loss of β-lobes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 691, "image": "711.jpg", "report": " The percentage of glomeruli with ETAR-positive endothelium per patient correlated with the percentage of glomeruli with nephrin loss in patients with FSGS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 692, "image": "16926.jpg", "report": " Transverse section of maternal plant leaf", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 693, "image": "4609.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy image of the control KG1a cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 694, "image": "449.jpg", "report": " histopathological analysis of specimen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 695, "image": "3497.jpg", "report": " immunogold electron microscopical localization of the glycan adhesion epitope in L. pictus hatched blastula, apical lamina with microvill", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 696, "image": "15154.jpg", "report": " Cyclic voltammetry curve of the first scan of the AACVD vanadate bronze for 15% Ag loading at 450 °C on fluorine-doped SnO2 precoated glass substrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 697, "image": "2894.jpg", "report": " sample centre, cross-section, magnification 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 698, "image": "10028.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph from a treated dog with mild acute tubular epithelial injury characterized by the presence of many sloughed epithelial cells within a tubular lumen.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 699, "image": "2718.jpg", "report": " Low magnification grid stamp image recorded at the edge of a typical nonspreading gldG mutant colony.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 700, "image": "12715.jpg", "report": " Expression of RUNX2 in femoral tissue was analyzed by IHC staining (magnification: ×200, scale bar: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 701, "image": "5119.jpg", "report": " jejunal morphology of PC piglet", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 702, "image": "14222.jpg", "report": " Histological manifestations. (a) Hematoxilin (HE), (b) Masson Goldner Trichrome (MGT), (c) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Solid arrows indicate edema and influx of inflammatory cells, dashed arrows epithelial erosions, bold arrows show fibrosis, and arrows with a circle arrowhead indicate goblet cell loss", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 703, "image": "6057.jpg", "report": " Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin staining of brain cortical surface and pial vessels from a control and an SDH pig, respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 704, "image": "8538.jpg", "report": " Cumulative histograms of the number of mRNA particles per anti-Iba1 labeled cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 705, "image": "3802.jpg", "report": " Expression levels of ompC (black bar), ompF (gray bar), and mdtE (white bar) were quantified by qRT-PCR in WT and ΔompR S136 strains at mid-log (OD600 0.4), late-log (OD600 1.2), and late-stationary (OD600 4.5) growth phases. The expression levels were normalized to the S136 WT strain at mid-log phase (means ± SEM, 2 technical replicates)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 706, "image": "16105.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry for DCX and BrdU in DG", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 707, "image": "3744.jpg", "report": " Light microscopy showed minor shrinkage of glomerular capillary wall with dense interstitial lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltrates and variable degree of interstitial fibrosis (periodic methenamine silver and Masson trichrome staining, ×40)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 708, "image": "7311.jpg", "report": " The autophagosomes involved in ER-phagy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 709, "image": "14585.jpg", "report": " Expression levels of APLNR in astrocytes of the healthy brain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 710, "image": "581.jpg", "report": " From day 2 to day 5, most dopaminergic neurons (in purple) in the substantia nigra of mice in the injury group showed significant LC3b fluorescence, and most dopaminergic neurons were lost at day 12, with significant LC3b fluorescence still present in the surviving dopaminergic neurons.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 711, "image": "7336.jpg", "report": " Electron micrograph with scattered dense and lucent deposits in a membranous pattern", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 712, "image": "8638.jpg", "report": " untreated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 713, "image": "9078.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of durable mold made by Al 6060-T6: wedge angle definitions. Plastic deformation is enhanced by the deflection of stripes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 714, "image": "4600.jpg", "report": " Core biopsy of liver showing immature megakaryocytes (arrow) flanked by benign hepatocytes (arrowheads) accentuated on higher power", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 715, "image": "1847.jpg", "report": " Transmittance", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 716, "image": "5831.jpg", "report": " High-magnification lateral surface SEM image of a typical single BC–Alg filamen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 717, "image": "2483.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells according to the TMIT classification: (B) TMIT II", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 718, "image": "7084.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical stain shows positivity for synaptophysin.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 719, "image": "15698.jpg", "report": " DAPI staining of a specimen examined for autofluorescence", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 720, "image": "12757.jpg", "report": " Merged (bright field and fluorescent) images of chondrocytes on GRGD/Au NTs/PDMS scaffold of different culture time and labeled with Calcein‐AM (green) and PI (red).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 721, "image": "1007.jpg", "report": " Goblet cell hyperplasia in different groups was detected using AB-PAS staining. Magnification, ×200. Group notations: A: control group; B: OVA group; C: OVA+SCH-L group; D: OVA+SCH-M group; E: OVA+SCH-H group; F: OVA+DXM group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 722, "image": "8094.jpg", "report": " 100× magnification Optical microscopy analysis for ALG microbeads", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 723, "image": "11790.jpg", "report": " Vertical and horizontal slices of the 12 mm graphite electrode showing the coral-like pore structure with larger radii and longer branches in the lower electrode section in the vertical slice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 724, "image": "16365.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent image of ChR2-mCherry fiber-input to the caudal DMH by Kiss1ARH neurons. Inset shows a higher magnification of the stippled area in B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 725, "image": "8559.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of developing human spinal cord with different serotonin receptors (sr2)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 726, "image": "1613.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin-stained light microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 727, "image": "14976.jpg", "report": " block-like particles in the dendritic matrix", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 728, "image": "7969.jpg", "report": " Polycythemia vera shows a hypercellular bone marrow biopsy: (H&E stain, original magnification 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 729, "image": "268.jpg", "report": " γ-H2AX foci formation at the irradiated sites", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 730, "image": "15045.jpg", "report": " Confocal images of two isolated CCs obtained from WT and SOD1G93A mice at presymptomatic stages (P30)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 731, "image": "10493.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of rat heart of 1 % DMSO treated normal rats (VC) stained with haematoxylin and eosin (Scale bar = 100 μm, original magnification x 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 732, "image": "2590.jpg", "report": " \"Detail of follicular growth areas of an ALK-positive C-PTC (hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification 20×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 733, "image": "9617.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrographs of FNDC5 expressio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 734, "image": "8396.jpg", "report": " Foot process effacement, vacuolization and prominent organelles with underlying epimembranous electron-dense material in primary membranous glomerulonephritis.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 735, "image": "9897.jpg", "report": " High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of healed cracks at the interface between SiC and SiO2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 736, "image": "15991.jpg", "report": " Anatomic diagram of class III. Restricted MV stenosis. Both the ALCT and PMCT are absent. The ALPM and PMPM are hypertrophic and elongated and are directly connected with the AL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 737, "image": "9650.jpg", "report": " The longitudinal section of fertile ovule, the black arrow points to embryo, and embryo developed into a sphere;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 738, "image": "4072.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent confocal images of coronal sections through the DG of Htr4-bacTRAP mice labeled with anti-NeuN (red) and anti-EGFP (green). ml: molecular layer, gcl: granule cell layer. Scale bars, 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 739, "image": "11324.jpg", "report": " NS4 penetrated the cell by 74.7 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 740, "image": "6328.jpg", "report": " Statistical analysis showing the expression of LV and LVEM in mouse footpad tumour", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 741, "image": "13530.jpg", "report": " CCNB2 expression levels in human TNBC tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 742, "image": "10322.jpg", "report": " Representative images of the immunofluorescent staining for beta cells (insulin, green) and alpha cells (glucagon, red) in islets of SARS-CoV2 inoculated monkeys show normal islet composition.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 743, "image": "13203.jpg", "report": " Germinated conidia of ΔBbmsn2 [some with long germ tubes (hyphae)] on the tick cuticl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 744, "image": "9651.jpg", "report": " The ultrastructural observation of the outer integument of fertile ovules, cells had regular shapes and complete organelles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 745, "image": "6271.jpg", "report": " DAPI stained sagittal cerebellar sections of wild-type (WT) and GluA4-knockout (GluA4-KO) mice.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 746, "image": "7562.jpg", "report": " Location of MYOC and CAV1 in highly differentiated C2C12 cells as observed using laser confocal microscopy. MYOC was labeled as green using FITC-488, CAV1 was labeled red using RBFITC, and the nucleus was stained blue using DAPI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 747, "image": "5873.jpg", "report": " SEM micrographs of pure nanocellulose and doped films (5% pigment loading) at 5000× magnification. The SEM image of pure CNC film in (b) focuses on an artifact", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 748, "image": "2103.jpg", "report": " Differential p-MOKE image of remnant magnetic state for Co0.05FGT and FGT, respectively at 100 K", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 749, "image": "6505.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section showing a benign proliferation of sebaceous glands with a single layer of basaloid cells surrounding each lobule, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 750, "image": "9799.jpg", "report": " Early growth stages of leafless mycotrophic seedlings (protocorms) cultured with mycorrhizal fungi in vitro (see methods). The larger protocorm in the center of the image is now at Stage 3 and measures only 3 mm long", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 751, "image": "5858.jpg", "report": " ELI QJP-SP-H-SSF-810003", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 752, "image": "13931.jpg", "report": " CK5/", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 753, "image": "15030.jpg", "report": " High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of PhSiO1.5_SG 800 °C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 754, "image": "7869.jpg", "report": " Confocal images of P21-positive nuclei in untreated and PitStop2 treated cells fixed 24 h after fusion. Arrow heads points at nuclei within fused cells negative for P21", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 755, "image": "660.jpg", "report": " Representative podocyte foot process images obtained from EMT-stained sections using two-dimensional SIM (2D SIM) or 3D SIM. Microstructures were visualized with 561 nm and 640 nm excitation lasers and are pseudo-colored in green and magenta, respectively (bars = 5 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 756, "image": "14012.jpg", "report": " EDX elemental mapping of uranyl ion-loaded OBSG (20 kV/10 μA, magnification of 1000 times, 25 frames) ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 757, "image": "7629.jpg", "report": " Optical microscopy image of ad-MVFs cultured in 3D collagen hydrogel at 8 days", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 758, "image": "13387.jpg", "report": " When compared with a handwritten signature with obvious writing indentations on the back of the writing paper", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 759, "image": "10413.jpg", "report": " An image of a client sample (left) and its diffraction pattern (right). The area targeted is indicated by a red circle showing the approximate beam diameter. Note the grainy background material and poor diffraction", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 760, "image": "5032.jpg", "report": " H&E-stained slides were digitally scanned on an Aperio ImageScope Digital slide scanner at low-power (×1.2). We used an algorithm developed by Visiopharm (imaging analysis software) to more objectively quantity steatosis droplets in the liver biopsies. Lipid droplets that were considered as macrovesicular steatosis droplets measured > 250 square µm in greatest dimension (turquoise-colored circles) and microvesicular steatosis “Eq. (2)” droplets were those that measured < 250 square µm (magenta circles). All lipid droplets smaller than 25 square microns were removed to diminish background. Vessels and artifacts in the biopsy tissue were marked with black dashed lines (see G and H), allowing them to be removed from analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 761, "image": "8284.jpg", "report": " SEM image of sandblasted with 5000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 762, "image": "6128.jpg", "report": " pH in an FOV of another 72-h biofilm with high flow space (83 µm) after 30 min of exposure to sucrose under static conditions (pH = 6.7 ± 0.05 SD)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 763, "image": "7965.jpg", "report": " Polycythemia vera shows increased and left shifted erythropoiesis: (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 764, "image": "6509.jpg", "report": " Examples of axonal growth for cortical neurons treated with Taxol, a chemical compound that inhibits the microtubule’s dynamics. The pattern spatial period is d = 3 μm in (c), and d = 5 μm in (d). The main structural components of a neuronal cell are labeled in (c). Cortical neurons typically grow in a long process (the axon) and several minor processes (dendrites). The axon is identified by its morphology, and the growth cone is identified as the tip of the axon", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 765, "image": "6453.jpg", "report": " SOX10 IHC highlighting melanocytes, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 766, "image": "15168.jpg", "report": " SEM image of GEP-1 at 100 × magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 767, "image": "218.jpg", "report": " Ablations of the adaxial part of the pFIL expression domain before pFIL polarizes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 768, "image": "11127.jpg", "report": " Tubules were stained for von Willebrand factor (red) and collagen IV (green) in the double-stained images, and for αvβ3 integrin (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 769, "image": "4409.jpg", "report": " MDA-MB-231 cell line cultured under static 1g control conditions at 24 h.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 770, "image": "15865.jpg", "report": " control group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 771, "image": "5817.jpg", "report": " conventional confocal images of tubulin in cells. Left", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 772, "image": "14636.jpg", "report": " Freeze fracture micrograph on the right side, TJs and desmosomes between cells are shown at larger magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 773, "image": "14883.jpg", "report": " Schematics of the adult Drosophila brain showing mushroom body (MB) neuropile", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 774, "image": "12408.jpg", "report": " Model showing gold particle locations for normal cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 775, "image": "5812.jpg", "report": " HAADF-STEM image of Co3O4@Co-MOF and corresponding elemental mapping", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 776, "image": "10070.jpg", "report": " Microscopic section of a lymph node with standard H&E coloration; magnification 2×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 777, "image": "10504.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of 1% DMSO treated normal rats (VC) rat brain stained with haematoxylin and eosin (Scale bar = 100 μm, original magnification x 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 778, "image": "9780.jpg", "report": " A photograph of organotypic slices in culture.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 779, "image": "375.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy showing a B-cell binding to a P. falciparum-infected RBC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 780, "image": "2276.jpg", "report": " Effect of HCC on cerebral infarction volume in rats at different time after CIR (TCC staining. HCC group 5 days.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 781, "image": "6966.jpg", "report": " normal myelinated CNS tissue (50× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 782, "image": "5301.jpg", "report": " TIMP-1 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 783, "image": "13474.jpg", "report": " Time series of a wild-type egg chamber pre- and post-addition of AB", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 784, "image": "5835.jpg", "report": " Optical micrograph of a helical-4 (+) BC–Alg macrofiber between crossed polarizer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 785, "image": "7193.jpg", "report": " Positive cell against CMV immunohistochemistry", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 786, "image": "8539.jpg", "report": " Exemplar 3D rendering views show the localization of anti-Iba1 labeled cells with Hif1a mRNA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 787, "image": "14157.jpg", "report": " Expanded CLSM images for the cells treated with 1, 2, or 3. Arrowheads show vesicles with a size less than 500 nm induced by internalization of 1. Scale bars are 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 788, "image": "12387.jpg", "report": " Long setae at different stages of cytoplasm degradation. Green asterisks indicate fragmented cytoplasm and red arrowheads indicate irregular sheet-like debris", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 789, "image": "11642.jpg", "report": " Sample preparation in progress, detail of mortar applicatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 790, "image": "16782.jpg", "report": " Subcellular manifestation of features containing 122CTT and Ser129-p aSyn immunoreactivity in a neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neuron in the SN with a LB (upper row) and a zoom-in on immunoreactive profiles in its cytoplasm (lower row). Antibodies shown in all images: 122CTT: asyn-134; Ser129-p aSyn: asyn-142", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 791, "image": "9511.jpg", "report": " ADF-STEM image of Pd nanodendrite", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 792, "image": "15255.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the blend based on the POPD fiber like structures and the PVDF spheres corresponding to the C sample with magnification of × 1.00K", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 793, "image": "7708.jpg", "report": " Wax particles melt and penetrate into NCM to form hydrophobic patterns upon 90 °C heating for 2 min;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 794, "image": "8248.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of microcapsules produced by two-fluid nozzle spray drying, using a combination of WPI/OSA (50/50 w/w) as wall material", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 795, "image": "16069.jpg", "report": " Ball model of the tip apex surface with color-coded local corrugation (represented by the number of nearest neighbors). The six local pacemakers (Rh{973} nanofacets) are indicated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 796, "image": "6356.jpg", "report": " Temporal magnification of fixed thresholding binarizatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 797, "image": "7198.jpg", "report": " Positive cell against CMV immunohistochemistry (×60", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 798, "image": "16144.jpg", "report": " Biopsy reveals complete effacement of the normal architecture and diffuse proliferation of large lymphoid cells with vascular proliferation (hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification 400×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 799, "image": "5573.jpg", "report": " Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a ∼55 μm depth (from the corneal surface) of dark-raised newly eclosed control (w1118) flies", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 800, "image": "2829.jpg", "report": " SEM-picture at 500× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 801, "image": "4464.jpg", "report": " Skins with russeted suberized cells and trichome", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 802, "image": "16501.jpg", "report": " AtU6-26, ET line #70 containing pZK_FF with the AtU6-26-driven GFP target 1 expression cassette vector", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 803, "image": "2812.jpg", "report": " Example of hyperplastic crypts showing mitotic figures (red arrows) and mononuclear inflammatory cells (black arrow) that appear to expand the lamina propria around the crypts. The slide is from a 16-weeks-old C57BL/J6 male mouse fed the n-6HFD (40×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 804, "image": "11914.jpg", "report": " Rendering of the NE of this cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 805, "image": "4293.jpg", "report": " UMAP plot colored by cell population", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 806, "image": "15303.jpg", "report": " SEM image with scale bar = 20 µm, magnification of (a).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 807, "image": "5109.jpg", "report": " 3D representation of the image stack with a size of 200 × 200 × 100 μm3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 808, "image": "10337.jpg", "report": " Morphological images of male reproductive ducts from 6-month-old Lcn9-Cre KI males and WT controls", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 809, "image": "6457.jpg", "report": " Cross-section of repopulated kidney showing homogeneous distribution of iPSC-derived ECs into glomeruli and vascular structures. Scale bar 1 cm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 810, "image": "11365.jpg", "report": " Micrographs showing the rostral, middle, and caudal sections of the E18.5 mouse forebrain immunostained with MBP and with DAPI counterstaining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 811, "image": "6661.jpg", "report": " Electrophoresis revealing a 2/2 pattern in the apolipoprotein E phenotype for this patient (PT)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 812, "image": "2454.jpg", "report": " Maximum intensity projections (MIP) of confocal micrographs of immunofluorescence assays for PCDH19 and βIII-tubulin showing the structure of neural rosettes derived from CTRL, PCDH19mut and mixed iPSCs. Scale bar = 20 μm. 3D rendering shows the type of division close to the center of the rosettes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 813, "image": "4490.jpg", "report": " Well-expanded airspaces with discrete perivascular cellular infiltrates, grade A2 (40×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 814, "image": "7002.jpg", "report": " The morphology observed by TEM for the GII.P16/GII.4 strain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 815, "image": "5509.jpg", "report": " Pathology and immunohistochemistry with CD4", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 816, "image": "8377.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localization of Os4BGlu11-GFP in tobacco epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 817, "image": "14613.jpg", "report": " Pancreatic tissue sections from control (K8+/+) and NOD mice in 5 weeks (a,b) and 17 weeks (c,d) of age, were immunostained for K7 (green), insulin (red) and nuclei (blue). The inserts in c and d show lower magnifications of islets (outlined by dotted lines), and the main images in c and d are higher magnification of a section of the shown islets. K7 expression is similar to control in young NOD 5-week old mice, whereas in prediabetic 17-week old mice, K7 is upregulated in some islets. Scale bar = 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 818, "image": "7087.jpg", "report": " Strong and complete membrane and cytoplasmic staining of the invasive front", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 819, "image": "286.jpg", "report": " High power magnification (X20,000-43,000) of E9.5 erythroblasts in A, showing the normal appearance of heterochromatin and the intact nuclear membrane in control erythroblast (left), compared to CdanΔEry erythroblast with spongy heterochromatin, dilated membrane pore (arrow) and ribosomes (R) inside the nucleus. Scale bar: 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 820, "image": "13439.jpg", "report": " Localization of ACO3-YFP in leaf epidermal cells of aco3 lines expressing pACO3::ACO3-YFP (ACO3-YFP 1), pACO3::ACO3S91A-YFP (ACO3S91A-YFP 1), or pACO3::ACO3S91D-YFP (ACO3S91D-YFP 2) as detected 24 h after exposure of plants to UV-B stress (1.5 W m−2 for 45 min). YFP fluorescence co-localizes with Mitotracker fluorescence in the mitochondria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 821, "image": "2897.jpg", "report": " SEM image of 3D BT network structure obtained at 1100 °C—3 ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 822, "image": "6437.jpg", "report": " CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes (Magnification 20×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 823, "image": "1095.jpg", "report": " Nanomechanical diaphragm structure (nested) fabricated by helium FIB milling of a free-standing graphene flake. Adapted with permission from [134]. Copyright 2011 IEEE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 824, "image": "1281.jpg", "report": " Quantitative graph of HZ CSA from A. n = 4–5 mice per genotype. Treatments with different letters are significantly different from one another, where P < 0.05", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 825, "image": "6918.jpg", "report": " The number of goblet cells decreased in HC-fed fish at 45 days, and a large amount of mucus was secreted into the intestinal lumen (triangle)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 826, "image": "15047.jpg", "report": " TEM image showing the distribution of human SOD1G93A recognized by the C4F6 antibody and a secondary antibody conjugated to 10 nm gold particles in different mitochondrial compartments (intermembrane space, cristae and mitochondrial matrix) at P120", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 827, "image": "12569.jpg", "report": " microinfiltration lesions in the dermis of the biopsy scar in case ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 828, "image": "2495.jpg", "report": " SEM images of bean surface at untreated condition, 2000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 829, "image": "267.jpg", "report": " H&E section demonstrating minute focus of a TART involving the epididymis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 830, "image": "6675.jpg", "report": " View of the inferior area of epithelial blister and suprabasal slit showing tiny area with rare basal cells still attached to the conjunctive tissue (H&E, 40X)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 831, "image": "9988.jpg", "report": " Data obtained for marmosets. Scale bars: 500 μm and 200 μm for insets", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 832, "image": "10179.jpg", "report": " Histological analysis of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 833, "image": "9694.jpg", "report": " Showing plugging of many epidermal follicles and cellular infiltration formed granulation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 834, "image": "7966.jpg", "report": " Overt primary myelofibrosis shows increased reticulin fibers: (silver stain, original magnification 400×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 835, "image": "4288.jpg", "report": " Still images extracted from live cell imaging of a LS stage FVF/SCF embryo (representative of 4 embryos). The images show a single z-plane of the merge of the FVF channel in green and SCF channel in red. White dashed line shows the border of the epiblast, separating FVFlow and FVFhigh expressing cells. The yellow arrows show a single FVF cell that increases fluorescent intensity; red asterisks: DE progenitor upregulating Sox17 and intercalating into the DE layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 836, "image": "1204.jpg", "report": " FATP4 (score 2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 837, "image": "6019.jpg", "report": " Tetrahedron- shaped LMs stabilized with hydrophobic PET plates with circular, heart and star shapes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 838, "image": "10154.jpg", "report": " surface of lentil pods of L. tom. IG 72805 at 180X magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 839, "image": "2717.jpg", "report": " Colony spreading of gldG mutant on 1% A-PY2 as in Figure 6.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 840, "image": "1467.jpg", "report": " The same susceptible prey strain but expressing pili does not segregate, and after 24 hr is outcompeted by the piliated T6SS+ attacker. See also Figure 7—video 2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 841, "image": "9166.jpg", "report": " observation on matrix of BDX 24418 (plane-polarized light", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 842, "image": "10514.jpg", "report": " Magnification of the rectangle frame from the NTG + vehicle group was used to quantify the spine density", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 843, "image": "1796.jpg", "report": " manual pla", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 844, "image": "1233.jpg", "report": " Expression of GSK3β and total calcium in aortic tissues after tamoxifen injection (n = 8)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 845, "image": "3490.jpg", "report": " SEM image of chitosan monofilaments prepared with lactic acid as a solvent in NaOH-EtOH bath without dewatering", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 846, "image": "3396.jpg", "report": " The SEM morphology of PEO treated coatings with free GNS at different magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 847, "image": "14281.jpg", "report": " Magnification of highlighted areas in (A,B). LacZ-positive cells appeared to localize around coronary vessels in addition to presence in the epicardium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 848, "image": "2048.jpg", "report": " γH2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subventricular zone (SVZ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 849, "image": "14826.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent staining for the well known haematopoietic marker (except for erythrocytes) CD45 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 850, "image": "2794.jpg", "report": " adipogenic differentiated cells containing lipid vacuoles as determined by Oil Red staining (20× magnification, size bars 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 851, "image": "9378.jpg", "report": " a high-resolution TEM image illustrating a Au/Si-rich area of sample A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 852, "image": "5417.jpg", "report": " A capsule in the acellular dermal matrix layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 853, "image": "11327.jpg", "report": " There was no evidence of envelope deformation or penetration, and no indication of cytosolic leakage, as the width of the E. coli cell remained constant from pole to pole", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 854, "image": "13583.jpg", "report": " SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated enamel surface at ×30,000 magnification (scale bar 0.1 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 855, "image": "9798.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopic analysis (×10,000 magnification) of Dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 856, "image": "9708.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of lung sample from a mouse infected with S. parasuis strain BS26 at 72 h post-infection. Alveoli wall thickening with diffused infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes (black arrowhead) was shown", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 857, "image": "7016.jpg", "report": " t-GRASP signals between MDN and Pair1 observed in subesophageal ganglion (48 hr APF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 858, "image": "9538.jpg", "report": " IQ, IPF and KAM mappings for the surface layer.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 859, "image": "14878.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×400 magnification in the Pure PLGA Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 860, "image": "1382.jpg", "report": " Expression of GFP-GPR(Δ10) in GPR-depleted Agrobacterium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 861, "image": "2418.jpg", "report": " pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex in normal conditions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 862, "image": "4945.jpg", "report": " Regenerated human skeletal muscle fibers were quantified and represented as scatter‐plot with mean and SD for all successfully regenerated cadaver samples stratified by PMI as indicated in Table 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 863, "image": "16481.jpg", "report": " Organization of the inner tentacle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 864, "image": "14925.jpg", "report": " Optical transmission microscope image of 0.5 wt% MWCNT at higher magnification, showing agglomerated CNTs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 865, "image": "1977.jpg", "report": " Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters labeled with alpha-bungarotoxin (αBTX) on the jaw muscles in live 3, 5, 7, and 9 dpf Tg(α-actin:GFP) larvae", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 866, "image": "3565.jpg", "report": " Micrograph image of wood particles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 867, "image": "5782.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustration of the preparation of single-layer (SL) hierarchically TiO2 mesopore-coated core–shell structures", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 868, "image": "3980.jpg", "report": " Phonolite multifacial multipolar (MM) core in a final stage of exploitation (46x38x32 mm, 71g). Negative scars with step termination are abundant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 869, "image": "1840.jpg", "report": " β-catenin detection in PD organoids (confocal microscope). The arrows mark cells with nuclear β-catenin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 870, "image": "3545.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of autoclaved malanga flour (AMF) analyzed at 250× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 871, "image": "79.jpg", "report": " Histopathological examination of solid area (2X black arrow scanner view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 872, "image": "9300.jpg", "report": " Representative histological images of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of IPF and non-IPF lung tissues for cleaved caspase-3 (green), BiP (red), and DAPI (blue). Co-localization can be seen as a light orange color in dotted areas in the merged images (far right side).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 873, "image": "12009.jpg", "report": " Anti-SOX9 immunostained representative photomicrograph shows highly induced SOX9 positive ductal cells in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mouse pancreas compared with cerulein, and saline-treated mice. Morphometric quantification analysis of SOX9+ cells/mm2 were presented", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 874, "image": "9995.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of heart section 24 h after control and 3 mg/kg EryA/PlyB intravenous injection of the mice. M refers to myocardium and V refers to coronary vessel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 875, "image": "6839.jpg", "report": " weak SRSF1 immunoexpression in an epithelioid MPM case from our cohort (immunoperoxidase staining; original magnification 200×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 876, "image": "765.jpg", "report": " Two necrotic and fibrotic foci (red arrows) within thyroid parenchyma (yellow arrow) (H&E, x4)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 877, "image": "5617.jpg", "report": " A schematic of the b-actin:sGULO:mCherry expression construct. The β-actin promoter sequence was used to drive the expression of sGULO fused with mCherry, which acts as a reporter for construct expression in Tg zebrafish. The poly-A segment includes a -G cap mRNA followed by Tol2 sequences, which act as transposable segment sequences needed to integrate the construct into the zebrafish genome.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 878, "image": "6770.jpg", "report": " The rectangle in A is magnified in panel B. In the lower panels of A and B, the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm region of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes are colored with orange and yellow, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 879, "image": "6633.jpg", "report": " Bright field microscopy and DUV fluorescent image of ΔF2-infected lung slices", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 880, "image": "9844.jpg", "report": " non-hairy skin observed using a zoom-stereo microscope at a magnification of 30 ×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 881, "image": "1641.jpg", "report": " In vitro cultured chondrocytes growing in a tissue-like manner in three-dimensional (3D) thermo-reversible gelation polymer (3D-TGP) culture (the red arrow indicates the tissue; the black arrow indicates the cells migrating out into the 3D environment into the tissue);", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 882, "image": "5650.jpg", "report": " TEM photomicrograph of MIP expression in extracellular vesicles of S. cerevisiae showing association with the cell wall (closed arrows). Bar represents 2 µm and a magnification of ×60,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 883, "image": "12894.jpg", "report": " Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the CnMd nucleu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 884, "image": "4579.jpg", "report": " SEM of non-UVB-exposed cells (1a, 1b), UVB-exposed cells (2a, 2b), and NAR-pretreated UVB-exposed cells (3a, 3b)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 885, "image": "13984.jpg", "report": " Carcinoembryonic antigen test results during neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 886, "image": "2722.jpg", "report": " Adaxial (a–c", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 887, "image": "14115.jpg", "report": " The LUT of (d) was digitally inverted such that cells appeared as bright objects above the dark interstitial background", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 888, "image": "14809.jpg", "report": " Micromorphology of cells in water: (f) EXF-12713T on PDA after 14 days", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 889, "image": "6233.jpg", "report": " Projected confocal images of the trunk of 24hpf WT embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO (D) or 125 ng/ml PMA (E) and immunostained for TP63 (magenta), showing aggregation of TP63-positive cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 890, "image": "3246.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of the oral concavity shown by a rectangle in a. Bar, 40 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 891, "image": "16602.jpg", "report": " Cut surface showing a tan-white glassy lesion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 892, "image": "1363.jpg", "report": " Representative images of bladder sections from male Hgf-Cdk4R24C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 893, "image": "3771.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron micrographs of a CS-AuNP-treated RWM with or without preceding USMB exposure (upper panels). The lower panels reveal the magnification of the square region in the upper panels, where multiple AuNPs can be observed (arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 894, "image": "15890.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic images of bronchial epithelial treated for 1 h with SapL1-FITC (green) (10 µg mL−1) previously preincubated 30 min with 2 mM methyl-α-L-fucopyranoside (αMeFuc)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 895, "image": "6776.jpg", "report": " Generation of 3D tumor spheroid by printing high-density cells (~2500 cells/250 nL) in Matrigel, followed by culturing cancer cells for up to 8 days.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 896, "image": "9683.jpg", "report": " Microscopic observation of the gastric fundic mucosa layer from a rabbit inoculated with C. guttulatus at 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 897, "image": "2851.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ti-Si coated PROTON fabric at magnification of 10,000×; point \"1\" is marked for EDS analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 898, "image": "9985.jpg", "report": " The panel on the bottom shows the position of the NA residues HVEECSCY (in green) on a three-dimensional structure of H3N2 influenza virus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 899, "image": "7116.jpg", "report": " different habitats (top right)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 900, "image": "14316.jpg", "report": " Quantitative real-time PCR for Ccl19 and Cxcl13 mRNA expression in PDPN+ FSCs sorted from tumors on day 11", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 901, "image": "14902.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the 3D rGO/PPY/Sr scaffold", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 902, "image": "10762.jpg", "report": " The 3D visualization of E10.5 embryo with stained innervation (green, NF and blue, SOX10) and melanoblasts (red, MITF)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 903, "image": "10593.jpg", "report": " Acid-etched SEM images showed a great increase in osteoid within the Hyp long bone (arrow) plus a defect in Ocy morphologies (an increase in cell body and dendrite thickness and a rough surface)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 904, "image": "9673.jpg", "report": " Telmisartan 50 µM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 905, "image": "1947.jpg", "report": " A 3D raw image of NADH fluorescence is shown.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 906, "image": "14700.jpg", "report": " Histological observation of each group with HE staining. Few inflammatory cells are observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 4, 12, and 26 weeks of healing (20x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 907, "image": "9588.jpg", "report": " Two graphene-like ZnO flakes before merging each other with magnified inset image showing edges of the flakes.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 908, "image": "12858.jpg", "report": " Histopathology image of the excised mass with hematoxylin and eosin staining at 10× magnification showing Antoni A (blue arrow) and Antoni B (red arrow) areas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 909, "image": "5946.jpg", "report": " Skin tissues in the fresh group stained with H&E. Dense irregular connective tissues indicated that samples were normal. Scale bar = 100 μm. Black arrows indicate spaces due to freezing damage", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 910, "image": "13584.jpg", "report": " SEM image for the Borate treated dentin surface at ×15,000 magnification (scale bar 1 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 911, "image": "2253.jpg", "report": " Immunoparticles for Gαo were detected in glomeruli, mainly distributed in the plasma membrane and intracellularly in granule cell dendrites (Den, blue transparent overlay), as well as presynaptically in mossy fibre terminals (mf, green transparent overlay) in the plasma membrane and intracellularly", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 912, "image": "15613.jpg", "report": " flowers seen by human", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 913, "image": "450.jpg", "report": " EDS image of the adhered biochar particle containing minerals and nutrients", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 914, "image": "6323.jpg", "report": " The function of CM from different macrophage-treated HDLECs on M2-polarized THP-1 macrophages and tumour cells (SiHa) was detected by transwell array in vitro", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 915, "image": "14487.jpg", "report": " PD-L1 is expressed on nonmalignant immune cells, but not on tumor cells. Original magnifications: ×200 (B–G)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 916, "image": "4047.jpg", "report": " Virtual orthogonal cross-section through the organ of Corti displaying one IHC, three OHCs and supporting cells of wild-type and ki/ki mice double-labelled for GFP (green) and calbindin (magenta). Arrows indicate HenC. Images of wild-type and ki/ki were acquired and displayed with the same settings. Scale bars (B) 20 µm, (C) 10 µm and (E) 5 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 917, "image": "16645.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal image of SKBR3 cells transfected with FLAG-SH3BGRL3 and stained with anti-FLAG and anti-ErbB2 mAbs. Scale bar = 10 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 918, "image": "11233.jpg", "report": " H&E, ×40 magnification. Showing spindle shaped tumor cells arranged in fascicles and bundles occupying the submucosa and muscular layer.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 919, "image": "14185.jpg", "report": " Brightfield (BF) and fluorescence (FL) images are shown for experiments using Ni2+NTA resin without survivin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 920, "image": "13310.jpg", "report": " RBE4-WT cells that received Pgp-EGFP from Pgp-EGFP cells (#3) and individual membranes of neighboring cells are representatively labeled (orange arrowheads)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 921, "image": "4214.jpg", "report": " Images show GCaMP6s expression in dmPFC at multiple Z-planes, each separated by 50 µm along the Z-axis. Images are color coded red (left) or green (middle) to allow assessment of overlapping neurons (right). The lack of overlap in fluorescence between FOV 2 and FOV 3 confirms visualization of unique neurons in each FOV", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 922, "image": "13496.jpg", "report": " H&E-stained sections of rat colons from the control group at two different magnifications (40×, 100×, and 200×) using a light microscope. The blue double arrow indicates the thickness of the muscle layer. The red double arrow indicates the thickness of the mucosal layer, yellow double arrow indicates the length of intestinal glands. black arrows indicate goblet cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 923, "image": "12083.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent micrographs of A. thaliana leaves infected with WT PA14 expressing mScarlet under the control of the rebP1 promoter (PrebP1-mScarlet), no promoter (MCS-mScarlet), or a constitutive promoter (PPA1/04/03-mScarlet). Smaller panels show images of the whole seedling and the imaged leaf indicated by the white box. Images are representative of nine biological replicates from three experiments. Scale bars are 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 924, "image": "2251.jpg", "report": " In the inner third of the molecular layer, immunoparticles for Gαo were distributed in smooth dendritic shafts receiving excitatory synapses on their surface, identified as basket cells. From a total of 1.661 Gαo immunoparticles analyzed in basket cell dendrites, 91.81% were located along the PM (arrows) and only 8.19% at intracellular sites (Intra) (crossed arrows). Immunoparticles for Gαo were also found in axon terminals (arrowheads) (at) establishing excitatory synapses with basket cell dendrites", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 925, "image": "9996.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of liver section 24 h after control and 3 mg/kg EryA/PlyB intravenous injection of the mice. Arrowheads indicate karyomegaly (polyploidization) and arrow indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. CV refers to central vein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 926, "image": "8101.jpg", "report": " microscopic examination of the slide culture shows curved macroconidia with central enlargement, at 400 magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 927, "image": "14322.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin staining for donor hearts under magnification of 20 (Scale length: 200 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 928, "image": "7779.jpg", "report": " Surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 929, "image": "7536.jpg", "report": " \"H&E stain of the biopsy at low magnification reveals sheets of poorly differentiated cells (green arrow) in a background of necrosis with abundant intratumoral lymphocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 930, "image": "2553.jpg", "report": " Eosinophilic and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in sweat gland cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 931, "image": "3627.jpg", "report": " YFPN-fused GmNSF and YFPC-fused GmSNAP were co-expressed in soybean hairy roots, and the co-expression of YFPN and YFPC was used as negative control. Soybean genotype Williams 82 was used here", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 932, "image": "7698.jpg", "report": " UCL images of CSPCs after 6 h of co-culture with ascending concentrations (20–400 μg/cm2) of UCNP@SiO2-TS under confocal microscopy with the excitation of a CW 980 nm NIR laser; scalebar: 100 μm. The cell nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue fluorescence). The UCNP@SiO2-TS emits strong fluorescence (collected at 470 ± 20 nm) (visually blue, pseudo-colored in green) homogeneously in the cytoplasm, illustrating the spatial relation between the cells and nanoparticles internalized. All images are obtained under the same condition and captured at an identical intensity scale", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 933, "image": "14607.jpg", "report": " PMA in αSMA staining reacts positive as well as Control parotid gland in αSMA staining, and their respective magnifications-PMA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 934, "image": "10632.jpg", "report": " Representative in vivo (top) and post-mortem (lower) optical images of TBI-treated and sham-treated C3H mice 4 days after application of 107 DID fluorescently-labeled Tag-Th1 cells (n = 5 per group). 2 Gy TBI was performed 1 day prior cell administration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 935, "image": "11896.jpg", "report": " ROIs cropped from the volume. Thirty regions of interest were detected and cropped. For each region of interest, a corner was removed to show the cell, which should be centred. It should be noted that some cells were not in the centre, but rather positioned towards the bottom of the volume (e.g., 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 936, "image": "9165.jpg", "report": " observation of matrix of BDX 24419 (cross-polarized light", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 937, "image": "853.jpg", "report": " We show the quantitative FRET values (obtained with ImageJ) for a number of samples in the graph", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 938, "image": "13360.jpg", "report": " Epithelioid histiocytes, surrounding nonneoplastic lymphocytes and prominent Langhans giant cells with several nuclei arranged in the cell periphery (hematoxylin–eosin stain, scale bar = 50 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 939, "image": "2136.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry of HLA-G. Lower magnification (middle)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 940, "image": "16452.jpg", "report": " Representative picture of an injured tubule displaying the flattened tubular cells, a cast and a tubule displaying loss of brush border compared to a normal tubule", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 941, "image": "13308.jpg", "report": " Magnification of endolysosomal localization of doxorubicin and Pgp (green) in RBE4 wildtype cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 942, "image": "7597.jpg", "report": " H/E staining 50× of dermal neoplastic nodules and nests. Scale bars, 200 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 943, "image": "2744.jpg", "report": " 3D-SIM (MIP—maximum intensity projection of a 3D-SIM z-stack", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 944, "image": "9205.jpg", "report": " backscattered electron images and EDX analysis of the cross sectio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 945, "image": "11046.jpg", "report": " 3D representation of a cell: The cell is abstracted by an agglomeration of particles (small white spheres, 34 in the picture), whose triangulation (white edges) forms the membrane, and by an intracellular particle (big white sphere). Interactions between the intracellular and membrane particles (blue lines) mimic the cytoskeleton.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 946, "image": "43.jpg", "report": " PC-3 cells proficient in ASCC3 contain P-bodies both in the absence (upper panel) and presence (middle panel) of MMS-treatment. The bottom panel shows enlarged z-stack demonstrating co-localization of DCP1A and ALKBH3, whereas the P-body interior contains less ASCC3 than the volume immediately surrounding the same P-body", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 947, "image": "9917.jpg", "report": " 3D representation of microscopic images of HepG2 control cells at 72 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 948, "image": "9351.jpg", "report": " Ultrastructural image of a telocyte (arrow) around a vessel. Inserts show similar images in immunofluorescence to the corresponding Figure in immunochemistry", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 949, "image": "1265.jpg", "report": " Images at 5× magnification were used for HZ CSA. Blue outlines indicate HZ CSA measured", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 950, "image": "4346.jpg", "report": " Double labelling with the neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2; magenta) and the satellite glial cell (SGC)‐specific inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 (green). Nuclei are counterstained with bisbenzimide (blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 951, "image": "16718.jpg", "report": " z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for PWM with 100 μW/cm2 and a period of 200 min", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 952, "image": "10695.jpg", "report": " Vasculopathy with no arteriopathy (grade 0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 953, "image": "9702.jpg", "report": " DIC imaging of L4 larvae anterior to the nerve rin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 954, "image": "1208.jpg", "report": " Example of under-estimation of PD-L1 staining using QuPath contributed to by cell area being underestimated, such that membranous staining fell outside of the annotated area of the cell ↓", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 955, "image": "14892.jpg", "report": " Representative image of the cytoplasm of a β2-tanycyte from a CTRL mouse: normal mitochondria (m), Golgi complexes (Golgi), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and few vesicles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 956, "image": "16609.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification view of a horizontal cell labeled with Calbindin antibody (green). Several representative axon terminal tips are highlighted with arrowheads. One μm confocal stack.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 957, "image": "16695.jpg", "report": " H&E image of the lung shows tumor emboli (arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 958, "image": "6767.jpg", "report": " Microscopic features of pleurocystidi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 959, "image": "14950.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry staining for analysing the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis marker), LC3 (both LC3-B-I and II autophagosome proteins) and TOM20 (mitochondrial marker) in ZR75.1 xenografts. Treatments were administered for 21 days; after 21-day therapy, the drug withdrawal was also tested for an additional 21 days (21 days R+D+21 days Ø). Images show representative immunostainings. DAB substrate was used for developing immunoreaction (brown), and specimens were counterstained with haematoxylin. Scale bar in the first photo—labels 50 µm. (Co—control; R—Rapamune 3 mg/kg; D—doxycycline 5 mg/kg; R+D—Rapamune + doxycycline combination; Ø no treatment)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 960, "image": "10348.jpg", "report": " Magnification of the area delimited by dashed square in (c", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 961, "image": "13957.jpg", "report": " CPE caused by the EV-G CH/17GXQZ/2017 strain in Marc-145 cells was characterized by cell shrinkage, rounding and detachment at 48 hpi (200× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 962, "image": "13488.jpg", "report": " Time series of ex vivo mature egg chamber expressing UAS-myrGCaMP5 and two copies of ripped-pocket RNAi following the addition of AB. The cortical increase appears within 30 s of the addition of AB, which is followed by the oocyte burst and cytoplasm leaking out in 74% of egg chambers (white arrowhead). The dark spots represent excess tissue and oil droplets. Scale bar 60 µm. Maximum projection 40 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 963, "image": "15888.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic images of bronchial epithelial cells treated with SapL1-FITC (green) (5 µg mL−1) for 1 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 964, "image": "3579.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of PLA+4%N nanocomposites prepared with masterbatch methodology by ×3000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 965, "image": "7304.jpg", "report": " HE staining of aortic tissue sections in each group. The first row is a magnified image of 100 times, and the second row is a magnified image of 400 times. The black arrow indicates the endothelial cells, and the red arrow indicates the macrophages.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 966, "image": "283.jpg", "report": " CdanΔEry erythroblasts show aberrant morphology including binuclear cells (arrowhead) and basophilic stippling (asterisk). Scale bar = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 967, "image": "9297.jpg", "report": " Electron micrograph shows the biopsy of the rectal mucosa with the abnormal deposits in the epithelial cells and macrophages presenting as the fingerprint profiles (white arrows). Original magnification 105,000×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 968, "image": "12547.jpg", "report": " Poly(A)+ RNAs isolated from chorionic villi were used in dot blot analyses with m6A antibody. RNA was loaded by equal dilution method (Normal n = 4; Patient n = 4)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 969, "image": "15855.jpg", "report": " SEM image of 2.5% nanozirconia-modified specimen at x2000 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 970, "image": "2712.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification images of the annotated areas in (a)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 971, "image": "9914.jpg", "report": " 3D confocal images of the L-MSCs within the hydrogel scaffolds.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 972, "image": "2785.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic image of unapplied MSC spheroids (upper row)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 973, "image": "3515.jpg", "report": " SEM image of NFC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 974, "image": "12635.jpg", "report": " Images of bone regeneration at the bone-implant interface in rats after 8 weeks", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 975, "image": "6876.jpg", "report": " The morphological comparison of wild-type and mutant strains on different solid media", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 976, "image": "10924.jpg", "report": " Negativity for EMA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 977, "image": "6415.jpg", "report": " the perfusion pattern of contrast agent was “slow in and fast out” in late phase. H&E stain (original magnification ×100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 978, "image": "9365.jpg", "report": " Panoramic view showing hyperplasia of superficially located sebaceous glands. Note that one gland opens through the epidermis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 979, "image": "10307.jpg", "report": " Histopathology examination of Galleria mellonella infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 2 h post-injection control, larva 1. Normal adipose body and no hemocyte reaction. Hemocytes form a monolayer in the subcuticular space and individual hemocytes are scattered within the adipose body", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 980, "image": "10014.jpg", "report": " Interstitial inflammation with edema and fibrosis. Marked viral activation with tubular epithelial cell lysis and associated denudation of tubular basement membranes. Arrows indicate amorphous, ground glass polyomavirus inclusion bodies (H&E stain).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 981, "image": "12755.jpg", "report": " SEM image for chondrocytes cultured on GRGD/Au NTs/PDMS scaffold for 24 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 982, "image": "9867.jpg", "report": " Leaf surface scanning electron photomicrograph of the thrips-susceptible Gladiolus variety Charming Beauty", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 983, "image": "3273.jpg", "report": " Myeloid bodies (white arrowhead) surrounding sarcoplasmic inclusions (black arrowhead).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 984, "image": "8783.jpg", "report": " A homogeneous distribution of strontium atoms can be observed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 985, "image": "4406.jpg", "report": " Representative 3D-reconstructed confocal images of control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 986, "image": "10915.jpg", "report": " Microscopic changes in coronary atherosclerosis. Sudden death due to coronary heart disease with intraplaque bleeding and rupture group, SCD. (HE staining, scale bar = 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 987, "image": "3084.jpg", "report": " Diverse maize lines vary in their response to low temperature exposure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 988, "image": "1623.jpg", "report": " Expression of Sox5 (in red) in Sox10-positive Schwann cells (in green) at P6", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 989, "image": "12650.jpg", "report": " Quantification of CD42b in atherosclerotic lesions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 990, "image": "14467.jpg", "report": " partially collagen-free regions and curved collagen fiber", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 991, "image": "7959.jpg", "report": " Slides were also co-stained with GFAP (green), 4G8 (red), and DAPI (blue) (e,f) to label astrogliosis, amyloid plaques, and nuclei, respectively and analyzed with an epifluorescent microscope", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 992, "image": "6248.jpg", "report": " Lateral DIC images of 24hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with 1.3 µM CI-104", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 993, "image": "11948.jpg", "report": " A schematic of the worm from a left/right side view. The angle θ denotes the orientation of PVD elements, defined as the angle between the longitudinal axis, S^, and the local tangent, t^", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 994, "image": "11889.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters at 40,000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 995, "image": "16004.jpg", "report": " elongated sperm are present in the testes but fail to accumulate in the SV. The empty SV is marked by the dashed outline. In the magnified views of the SV, individualised spermatids are clearly visible in control testes as dj-GFP-marked tails in and needle-shaped nuclei marked by DAPI, in cyan, in . The spermatids can be visualised moving through the testicular duct (arrow in ) from the base of the testes into the seminal vesicle. In DAPI labels the round nuclei in the epithelial cells of the outer wall of the SV but the vesicle is empty of spermatids. Dj-GFP in is enhanced to show the background and the empty SV is marked by the dashed line", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 996, "image": "10459.jpg", "report": " Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from blue fluorescence channel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 997, "image": "3389.jpg", "report": " Surface view of the docked complex-Shikonin and 1AAX", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 998, "image": "9768.jpg", "report": " optical image of a stained bead showing the encapsulated MTF-loaded LCS embedded inside.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 999, "image": "12344.jpg", "report": " The representative micrograph of an antral follicle from aged (52-week-old) mouse ovary, captured under a light microscope (original magnification, 100x). The follicle displays its characteristic features and has an average diameter of XX ± XX µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1000, "image": "8059.jpg", "report": " Histological image of the immunohistochemical detection of anti-inflammatory cells within the PAP at day 10 post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1001, "image": "7740.jpg", "report": " the entire aortic section, 40× magnification, scale bar 500 µ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1002, "image": "8655.jpg", "report": " Cellular internalization of MERS-CoV S1-Fc or KFDV envelope protein Fc on wtACE2-expressing cells (left panel) and SARS-CoV-1 and -2 S1-Fc proteins on DPP4 (right panel). The cells were incubated for 0 or 4 h with SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-Fc proteins (3 µg/mL), and the S1-Fc proteins were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-human IgG and visualized under confocal microscopy. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1003, "image": "14049.jpg", "report": " index of refraction = 1.33 (water", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1004, "image": "7559.jpg", "report": " Densitometric analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibronectin (FN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1005, "image": "4360.jpg", "report": " Example images of cells of the dataset in the four state", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1006, "image": "5750.jpg", "report": " The green fluorescence image of living Hela cells (Blank and Dark) and killed cells (post therapy, irradiation wavelength and power: 600 nm, 0.1 W cm−2).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1007, "image": "13693.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1008, "image": "11828.jpg", "report": " Evolution of clusters at k = 3, 6, 8, and 10 when segmentation algorithm applied to ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1009, "image": "9333.jpg", "report": " Compared to age-matched control mic", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1010, "image": "1075.jpg", "report": " Histopathological evaluation on day 7 in the infection model. The location of abscesses and bacteria were examined by Gram and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In gram‐stained tissues, MRSA cells are dyed violet", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1011, "image": "7478.jpg", "report": " Light sheet fluorescence imaging view of the temporal side of a left mouse eye with LYVE-1 (green) and CD31 (red) antibodies. Nuclei counterstaining was performed with Hoechst 33258 (blue). CJ, conjunctiva; CL, corneolimbus; co, cornea. The inset image, modified from [27], shows a schematic view of the cardinal axes of the left eye and the position of the nictitating membrane (drawn in yellow).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1012, "image": "15435.jpg", "report": " rCP40 evaluation with positive serum from CLA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1013, "image": "8755.jpg", "report": " Prussian blue staining for the iron oxide core (Blue staining)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1014, "image": "8826.jpg", "report": " PSMA IHC also in 20-fold magnification of the same patient showing an intense reaction on the vascular endothelium with no staining of non-vascular cells. ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1015, "image": "3496.jpg", "report": " X-ray diffractogram of PUE with the second-lowest molecular weight of PCL.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1016, "image": "10619.jpg", "report": " CD31+ microvessel distribution", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1017, "image": "862.jpg", "report": " Cochlear cryostat sections were stained with Alexa-488-labeled phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). Arrowheads indicate tdTomato-positive SGNs. Insets, Magnified images of the areas shown in squares and rectangle on the main images. Scale bars, 50 μm. Graphs of the number of tdTomato-positive SCs, SGNs, and OHCs per three cochlear cryostat sections, respectively (n = 8; **p = 0.0023, *p = 0.0392 by Student's t test). Scale bars: top panels, 200 μm; bottom panels, 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1018, "image": "12242.jpg", "report": " Double immunofluorescence labelling of GLP-1R (red) with Iba1, GFAP and NeuN (green) in the TNC in CM mice after NTG injection. The graphs in show the TNC regions, which are marked by the white dotted line frame", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1019, "image": "7731.jpg", "report": " Representative electron microscopy images show the nuclei in the rat cerebral cortices of each group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1020, "image": "12327.jpg", "report": " STEM-EDS line scanned profile of NTO-5–800", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1021, "image": "9692.jpg", "report": " Showing invasion of inflammatory cells in the dermal layer and eosinophilic region", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1022, "image": "1178.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph shows the surface of intimal plaque, with a luminal layer of foamy macrophages. The proteoglycan-rich fibrous portion of the plaque is depicted below (green area) (Movat pentachrome stain)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1023, "image": "6210.jpg", "report": " internal cord with interstitial cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1024, "image": "9854.jpg", "report": " Growth and the β–galactosidase activity was assessed by SD/Trp-, SD/His- plates and in the presence of X-α-gal, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1025, "image": "5517.jpg", "report": " negative control rats (group I) showing negative expression of Bcl-", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1026, "image": "184.jpg", "report": " RWL of CK and BS of ‘Huangguan’ pear at 10 days of storage under room conditions after harvest. The vertical bar indicates the standard error. The reported value is the mean ± SEM (p < 0.05). The ordinate represents three different groups, and each group has 10 fruits", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1027, "image": "8378.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localization of Os4BGlu9-GFP in tobacco epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1028, "image": "1649.jpg", "report": " Photomicrographs under reflected light show randomly oriented euhedral hematite laths (white) in a quartz, chert, and clay matrix (gray). Note large gray intraclast at the bottom, also containing hematite laths.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1029, "image": "4808.jpg", "report": " pure TiO2 (silver carrier", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1030, "image": "15042.jpg", "report": " Bar graph summarizing the average data of the mitochondrial area (μm2) in WT and SOD1G93A mice at both ages", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1031, "image": "13375.jpg", "report": " Histological examination of the relapsing tumor from a mouse in the CP + DNAmix group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1032, "image": "10349.jpg", "report": " The effect of exposure dose V0 on maximum IL-6 (a), maximum neutrophil counts (b) and inflammation marker Ψ (c) for V0 = 0.1, 1, 4.5 and 8 log10(copies/ml). In a and b, rows are coloured according to each virtual patient’s inflammation marker value; virtual patients were ordered by the value of Ψ from the baseline scenario in A (V0 = 4.5 log10(copies/ml)).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1033, "image": "1868.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical expression of CD14", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1034, "image": "869.jpg", "report": " Nonfiber fg layer (see materials and methods) similarly treated with each mAb. This shows signals by the anti-γ86–411 mAb (left ), that are of variable size and sparse distribution and a faint punctate background. By contrast, the anti-Aα241–476 mAb (middle ) shows larger, mostly oblong, and less frequent signals suggesting the target epitope was exposed only on oligomeric forms. Anti-Aα518–584 mAb signals (right ) are similarly infrequent with of variable configuration.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1035, "image": "5685.jpg", "report": " Sections through the retina of P4 Ctl and pre-cKO mice labeled with GluN1 antisense probe (arrowheads)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1036, "image": "8950.jpg", "report": " Expression analysis of CbCN after C. acutatum inoculation for the indicated times using RT-qPCR. Actin served as a control. Values represent means ± SDs. Asterisks indicate values significantly different from An-S at 0 h and between pepper varieties within same timepoint (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All experiments were repeated at least three times and they generated similar results", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1037, "image": "13777.jpg", "report": " Histopathological examination of kidney tissues after the intervention (microscopic resolution: 10 × 40). Light microscopies of kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin are shown. NC, DC, CMJE50, CMJE100, and CMJE200 stand for normal control (diabetic control, coconut mesocarp juice extract 50 mg/kg bw, coconut mesocarp juice extract 100 mg/kg bw, and coconut mesocarp juice extract 200 mg/kg bw)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1038, "image": "15032.jpg", "report": " the TKD (transmission Kikuchi diffraction) image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1039, "image": "3850.jpg", "report": " Representative image of M. truncatula root nodule section of the oxVTC2 line upon inoculation with E. meliloti bacteria constitutively expressing GFP.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1040, "image": "15726.jpg", "report": " CLSM image of BMSC adhered to plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1041, "image": "8076.jpg", "report": " Untreated cells stained with MitoTracker Red probe to visualize mitochondria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1042, "image": "15992.jpg", "report": " (F) The number of BrdU+ cells per SVZ in the different groups is shown. Data are presented as the means ± SD (eight tissue sections per group)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1043, "image": "7627.jpg", "report": " IC = 0 (low expression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1044, "image": "11415.jpg", "report": " Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days (B). To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 20 μm in panel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1045, "image": "9514.jpg", "report": " before heat treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1046, "image": "3746.jpg", "report": " Electronic dense deposits in the mesangium (×12,000)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1047, "image": "9516.jpg", "report": " bright-field image after heat treatmen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1048, "image": "7908.jpg", "report": " SEM image of D12S_MKP_2 cement paste at ×500 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1049, "image": "9555.jpg", "report": " Schematics and SEM images show WS2-decorated (b,c) flat substrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1050, "image": "14597.jpg", "report": " Control parotid gland 1 in HE staining and the magnification of its acinic cells in HE staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1051, "image": "14379.jpg", "report": " HRH4 expression was down regulated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1052, "image": "10113.jpg", "report": " Small to medium-sized CD20- and BCL2-positive lymphocytes infiltrate the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1053, "image": "11021.jpg", "report": " Protoplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite tepals transformed with GFP-PbTPS4.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1054, "image": "7430.jpg", "report": " PAS stain of mucus produced in the lungs and quantified using Image Pro Premier.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1055, "image": "8327.jpg", "report": " BrdU and GFA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1056, "image": "9735.jpg", "report": " Optical image of MCF-7 spheroids grown in the 0.125–0.02% hydrogels, recovered after agarase treatment, fixed and stained with DAPI. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1057, "image": "8714.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PY119 at magnification of 50 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1058, "image": "15995.jpg", "report": " qRT-PCR analysis of fungal biomass at various stages of infection", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1059, "image": "14371.jpg", "report": " Example of Brn3a staining of RGCs (green) and Aβ plaque deposition (red, examples indicated by white arrows) from a whole mount retina of a WT and 5xFAD mice at 6 months; the white square from similar eccentricity is shown in Panel (B) at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1060, "image": "6348.jpg", "report": " The measured leaf in Fig. 9 from TraitEx workflow", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1061, "image": "385.jpg", "report": " Quantitative fluorescence intensities of F-actin (rhodamine-phalloidin, red) and p-cofilin (green) in filopodia. Coactosin knockdown caused reduction of F-actin but accumulation of p-cofilin within filopodia (29 filopodia in 5 cells for each, ***p = 0.0002 for F-actin, p = 0.0005 for p-cofilin, Mann–Whitney U-test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1062, "image": "7250.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemical analysis of CMIP (upper level) and WT1 (lower level) in serial sections from control human kidney (CON, n = 5) and kidney biopsy specimens of patients with MCNS (n = 18) and FSGS (n = 5). Scale bar, 20 microns. Asterisks show the area enlarged in the glomeruli stained by WT1. Note that podocytes overexpressing CMIP exhibit a low abundance of WT1.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1063, "image": "794.jpg", "report": " The cystic sellar salivary gland-like lesion from case 1 was composed of large numbers of uniformly-sized acinar glands lined by low cuboidal epithelium without associated inflammation. H & E, × 200", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1064, "image": "2784.jpg", "report": " Unlabelled spheroids were used as control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1065, "image": "15251.jpg", "report": " Negative control sections incubated without the primary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1066, "image": "7989.jpg", "report": " The mean p27/CDKN1B nuclear positive cell number in the epidermis was calculated. The graph shows mean +/− SD (n = 3 donors with three randomly selected areas of each group). * p ≤ 0.05, calculated by two-tailed Student t-test", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1067, "image": "9902.jpg", "report": " Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with biopolymer gel (magnification ×200; scales: 500 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1068, "image": "3259.jpg", "report": " Multiple positive protein inclusions and punctate labeling are observed in nearly all fibers in p62/SQSTM1 stainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1069, "image": "2713.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification image of the square indicated in (c).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1070, "image": "15718.jpg", "report": " Optical images of mycotoxin-treated and control stem base. AP-SMALDI MS images were obtained at 20 μm imaging step size and normalized to the total ion current on a 0-50% intensity scale. Scale bars: 500 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1071, "image": "1092.jpg", "report": " Free-standing graphene nanomesh (GNM) fabricated by helium FIB milling to demonstrate quantum confinement. Adapted with permission from [136]. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1072, "image": "5111.jpg", "report": " automatic segmentation of skin cells (H, cytoplasm (red), nuclei (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1073, "image": "1170.jpg", "report": " low power view showing a disturbed lymph node architecture, with numerous small follicles arranged in a back-to-back fashion.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1074, "image": "8721.jpg", "report": " Distribution pattern of METTL16 and H3S10ph in mitotic cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1075, "image": "7465.jpg", "report": " The lower panel corresponds to MHA control plates without ceftaroline. Spot serial 10-fold dilutions are indicated at the left margin. The first spot (10 µL) corresponds to 1.5 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1076, "image": "12591.jpg", "report": " Scanned slide of immunohistochemical expression of ERα receptors in the descending colon in group C with + ERα receptor expression. HE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1077, "image": "14443.jpg", "report": " DNA was isolated from the cotyledons of six seedlings (numbered) with the highest reporter expression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1078, "image": "13383.jpg", "report": " The strokes in the photosensitive signature stamp impression were flat and lacked depressions with no obvious three-dimensional effects at the crossing strokes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1079, "image": "5314.jpg", "report": " Confocal images of representative embryos with a zone of optogenetically reduced contractility.The apical surface of the ventral mesoderm is shown during the apical-constriction process. To locally reduce cell contractility, the embryos were exposed to blue light in the zone indicated by the red box in left panels. The affected zone was photoactivated with a 3 mW laser beam; the degree of cell contractility reduction is commensurate with the beam power. The first three images in each row are video frames from a confocal movie, and the last frame is a high-resolution confocal image. Time after photoactivation as indicated. For the 3.0 mW laser power, constricted cells wrap around a large cluster of unconstricted (expanded) cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1080, "image": "2028.jpg", "report": " γH2AX immunostaining shows irradia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1081, "image": "8084.jpg", "report": " After 72 h of treatment with 750 µM 3,4-DHP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1082, "image": "3401.jpg", "report": " SEM examination of fracture surface in the tension test specimen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1083, "image": "9814.jpg", "report": " Quantification of Sodium-Green fluorescence. The Na+ content on WT plants under salt stress was considered 100%. Data are represented as the percentage ± standard deviation. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) according to a one-way ANOVA test", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1084, "image": "293.jpg", "report": " Overlay of A and B. Arrowheads indicate sites of afferent and efferent innervation of neuromasts. Arrow indicates the growth cone of the inhibitory efferent projection. Note that A-C do not show the original confocal image, but a modified version to show the lateral line projections only; for the original images, please see Supplementary Figure 2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1085, "image": "521.jpg", "report": " Immunocytochemistry of HEK293 overexpressing ARL15, CNNM3 and mCherry-tagged Golgi-apparatus marker, B4GALT1. Nuclei are stained with DAPI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1086, "image": "3643.jpg", "report": " Moderate fibrosis was observed in the interstitial area, and moderate atrophy was observed in the tubules (periodic acid-silver methenamine stain; original magnification, 100×). Irregular splitting TBM was also observed in some tubules (arrowhead)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1087, "image": "9114.jpg", "report": " The M two-agent systems as internal states of a larger system, interacting with a global environment through the food sources (reinterpreted as sensory states) and some active mechanism (the dotted arrow lines for aΣ denote that this active mechanism is not defined in this paper)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1088, "image": "636.jpg", "report": " Mycelia of each strain were examined using SEM. Bar = 20 μm. White arrows: the fragmented mycelial surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1089, "image": "3318.jpg", "report": " histogram with a broad base and multip", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1090, "image": "15831.jpg", "report": " The morphology of N2A parent cells remained intact and their cell viability was maintained above 90%", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1091, "image": "4345.jpg", "report": " 3D‐reconstructed confocal laser images of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded murine spinal ganglia with double labelling of glutamine synthetase (GS; green) and the neuronal marker NeuN (magenta) showing GS‐/NeuN‐positive satellite glial cells (SGCs) forming a tight sheath around the neuronal bodies. The zoomed in image clearly illustrates the close contact between SGCs and neurons", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1092, "image": "5082.jpg", "report": " enlargement of region (m1–o1)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1093, "image": "14052.jpg", "report": " magnification of (× 100), damaged acrosom", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1094, "image": "2841.jpg", "report": " SEM imaging of 3D-printed dice made of PHU 3e (above and below left", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1095, "image": "14478.jpg", "report": " Confocal image of tumors and organs harvested from the mice treated with Cy-5.5-labeled Dox-mixed micelles after 72 h i.v. administration. The fluorescence of the Cy 5.5 is denoted using blue. The cell nuclei were also stained with DAPI and are presented in green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1096, "image": "4852.jpg", "report": " RGS grade 2 in patient 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1097, "image": "12328.jpg", "report": " TEM images of NTO-5–800", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1098, "image": "7967.jpg", "report": " Essential thrombocythemia shows these large megakaryocytes: (CD61 stain, immunoperoxidase, original magnification 400×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1099, "image": "9070.jpg", "report": " Greenish biofilm forming a tight layer on the crumbly rock of the fumarole", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1100, "image": "2219.jpg", "report": " The CMEC monolayer is devoid of NVs as indicated by the “white arrows” (Scale bar = 1,000 nm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1101, "image": "15119.jpg", "report": " Inset showing eGFP expression in HeLa cells (c)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1102, "image": "2134.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry of hCG. Higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1103, "image": "937.jpg", "report": " HAADF-STEM image (g) and corresponding EDX linear scanning (h) and maps scanning of 7.50% MnO2@GR for C (i), O (j), K (k), Mn (l) and combined image (m)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1104, "image": "7127.jpg", "report": " Immunostainings of pSmad1/5/8 and PDGFRα (red), GFP (green), and DAPI (blue), on consecutive Tie2CRE/+;Bmp2tg/tg hindlimb skeletal muscle sections showing expression in connective tissue surrounding muscle fibers. Bottom panels are magnifications of areas indicated in top panels. Arrows indicate co-localization of pSmad1/5 and PDGFRα cells. Arrowheads indicate co-localization of PDGFRα and GFP+ cells. Cells expressing the three markers are indicated by arrows and arrowheads (middle bottom panel)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1105, "image": "10677.jpg", "report": " CLSM biofilm image of S. uberis ATCC 700407 after a 24-h treatment of a preformed biofilm with nisin A and PV. Cells were stained with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI). The live cells are shown in green and the dead cells in red. The middle panel from the picture on the left side represents the x–y plane, and the adjacent top and side panels represent the x–z and y–z planes, respectively. On the right side, live/dead 3D CLSM images of biofilm eradication are shown. Z, thickness of the biofilm (μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1106, "image": "4410.jpg", "report": " After 24 h the MCF-7 BCC had invaded the endothelial cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1107, "image": "7284.jpg", "report": " Pathological examination revealed well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (H.E. × 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1108, "image": "7974.jpg", "report": " The expression of perilipin 1 was significantly increased in HFD w/Suc mice compared to the SD group. * p <0.05. These images are representative of n = 5 SD, n = 10 HFD w/Suc mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1109, "image": "2826.jpg", "report": " pre-treated microcantilever with a detailed vie", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1110, "image": "5925.jpg", "report": " Robo βKO islet in vivo in an AAV8-RIP-GCaMP6s-injected mouse showing GCaMP6s in green, nuclear mCherry β cell lineage tracing in red, and collagen (second harmonic) in blue. Scale bar is 100 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1111, "image": "13949.jpg", "report": " The alveolar structure was preserved and mural organization was present (Elastica van Gieson staining; magnification, × 400).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1112, "image": "6868.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron morphological observation of wild-type and mutant strains after 48 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1113, "image": "1645.jpg", "report": " CP-induced loss of normal architecture in the renal tubules, with hyaline cast materials in the lumen of most tubules, degranulated cytoplasm in some epithelial cells, and desquamated cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1114, "image": "2749.jpg", "report": " Representative pictures and FJB fluorescent cells showing the effects of Meth and NE in naïve and β2-AR siRNA- and scRNA-transfected cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1115, "image": "12390.jpg", "report": " Volume rendering of the different components of a growing seta: The microtubule is in green, intracellular vesicles in yellow, cell membrane in red, silica cell wall in blue, and external layer in gray", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1116, "image": "7493.jpg", "report": " Organization of the mitochondrial network in euploid iPSCs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1117, "image": "2904.jpg", "report": " Kidney of gentamicin group showing overexpression of Cox‐2 in renal tissue.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1118, "image": "5567.jpg", "report": " Representative images of sarcoplasmic MAC deposition on fibers in biopsied samples of patients with seropositive IMNM and vascular immunostaining pattern for MAC in patients with seronegative IMNM. Original magnification: ×400.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1119, "image": "15690.jpg", "report": " Whole-mount image of larva 1 stained with anti-acetylated tubulin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1120, "image": "12048.jpg", "report": " Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 200x", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1121, "image": "103.jpg", "report": " Categorical scatterplots with superimposed boxplots displaying the number of 2xFYVE-GFP endosomes µm−2 of cytoplasm in cells expressing mCherry-PexRD31, mCherry-PITG_16242, mCherry-PITG16428, or mCherry. The number of 2xFYVE-GFP-labeled endosomes was significantly enhanced by the expression of mCherry-PexRD31 (*P < 0.01, n = 40).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1122, "image": "9789.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with Free-TMX at 40 mg/kg/day (oral)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1123, "image": "9180.jpg", "report": " The morphology of biofilm cells treated without (left) and with 100 μg/mL (middle) and 200 μg/mL (right) LfcinB15 was examined by SEM at a magnification of ×10,000. Arrows indicate the rough appearance of protuberances", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1124, "image": "16956.jpg", "report": " Focal CLDN5 localization to effaced FS in mice of the uninephrectomy deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt hypertension mouse model compared with UNX controls. The scale bar indicates 2 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1125, "image": "11917.jpg", "report": " One representative image from the Cell Image Library CIL50061 dataset. The set has 2435×2489×406 voxels and a voxel size 8.6×8.6×60 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1126, "image": "3262.jpg", "report": " Multiple positive protein inclusions and punctate labeling are observed in nearly all fibers in SMI-31 stainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1127, "image": "7951.jpg", "report": " SEM image of GO/CS sponge at high magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1128, "image": "10942.jpg", "report": " Trabecular bone area ratio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1129, "image": "1894.jpg", "report": " uneven thickness with a laminated appearance is shown in his aunt’s daughter (× 15,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1130, "image": "10767.jpg", "report": " Intravital imaging (maximum intensity z-projection) of neutrophil (LysMGFP/+, magenta) recruitment at 16 h post infection with iRFP-expressing Neisseria meningitidis (green) in grafted Rag2−/−γc−/−LysMGFP/+ mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1131, "image": "5290.jpg", "report": " low magnification shows an atypical cellular infiltrate in the epidermis and dermis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1132, "image": "10017.jpg", "report": " PVX-P3N-PIPO-M1-GFP expressed in the epidermal cells treated eight days post-agroinfiltration;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1133, "image": "3962.jpg", "report": " RK-13 cells were transfected in duplicate with the pCI empty vector or HA-tagged E1 expression plasmid (pYM-13). At 24 h posttransfection, the cells were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. The RK-13 cells were fixed with 4% PFA, and then one sample was permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100, whereas the other sample was left without detergent. Immunostaining was done with anti-HA MAb and secondary Alexa Fluor 488-anti-mouse antibody. Nuclei were stained with DAPI.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1134, "image": "6949.jpg", "report": " The microvasculature was labeled with FluoSpher", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1135, "image": "3397.jpg", "report": " The SEM morphology of PEO treated coatings with 1.5 wt% GNS additive at different magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1136, "image": "7509.jpg", "report": " (i) Cells grown in 2D cell culture plates in a homogenous mono layer. (ii,iii) illustrates cells grown in multiple layers with different morphologies (indicated by white arrows in (C(iii)). Inset in C(iii) shows cells filling out holes and cavities in the TEMPO-CNF material. (iv) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of TEMPO-CNF scaffolds with MDA-MB-231", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1137, "image": "12706.jpg", "report": " In the SLE model group (upper and lower right), after induction with pristane, there was a significant change in the glomeruli, with dominant endocapillary proliferation and minimal mesangial expansion and capillaritis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1138, "image": "10830.jpg", "report": " Histologic specimen acquired from the tumor mass, light microscopic examination (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain), 40× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1139, "image": "2860.jpg", "report": " Morphological aspects of the primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) monolayer—initially (0 h) and at 24 h and 48 h post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample at concentration 50 µg/mL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1140, "image": "10718.jpg", "report": " Section of a fully formed tumor in fimbria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1141, "image": "16866.jpg", "report": " SEM picture of retrograded starch of 1 day after magnification 200 time", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1142, "image": "3482.jpg", "report": " Cross-sectional view of thermo-responsive cellulose hydrogels at the magnification of 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1143, "image": "2422.jpg", "report": " The disorder of nerve cells’ shape and size (black arrow) and the eccentrically disposed nucleus of neurons (white arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1144, "image": "16716.jpg", "report": " Study porcine aortic leaflets grou", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1145, "image": "16780.jpg", "report": " Dopaminergic neuron in the SN containing a combination of uniform inclusion and onion skin-type LB surrounded by a Ser129-p aSyn+ network. Inset: higher magnification of Ser129-p aSyn+ profiles with a diameter of ~ 70 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1146, "image": "5824.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM side-view of heterogeneous architectures of LSO.TO@nano-C anode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1147, "image": "1230.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of Col1α1creERT2 GSK3βfl/fl Mgp–/– aortic tissues with or without injection of tamoxifen (n = 8). Scale bar: 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1148, "image": "12058.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical analysis of epithelial and club cell markers was conducted", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1149, "image": "4407.jpg", "report": " Representative 3D-reconstructed confocal images of pure WT ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1150, "image": "6753.jpg", "report": " cheilocystidi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1151, "image": "4134.jpg", "report": " Positive staining for MUC6. Invasive tubular adenocarcinoma showing MUC5AC and MUC6 positivity. (Scale bar =400 μm, HE and IHC x10", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1152, "image": "6763.jpg", "report": " Microscopic features of stipitipellis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1153, "image": "3376.jpg", "report": " Pathogenic biofilm formed by C. albican", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1154, "image": "14573.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy observations of FaDu cells for 24 h after treatment. Control, no treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1155, "image": "13998.jpg", "report": " Expression of the reporter reveals WT1 promoter activation in a number of cardiomyocytes of these early embryos. Colocalization with cardiac troponin (cTnT) is shown by arrows. The inserts show the separate GFP channel. Insert in (D) shows some GFP-expressing cardiomyocytes located in the wall of the right sinus venosus (arrowhead).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1156, "image": "231.jpg", "report": " Representative example of lateral ablation (three or four cells apart) at I1 showing reduced growth from 0 to 16 DAA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1157, "image": "10908.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of neurons from both plexuses (HuC/HuD immunohistochemistry, 20× magnification, scale bar = 50 µm, Olympus FSX100).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1158, "image": "7696.jpg", "report": " Typical TEM images of CSPCs labeled with 50 μg/cm2 of UCNP@SiO2-TS; scalebar: 5 μm. The magnified feature of vesicles encapsulating nanoparticles diffusive as tiny dark clusters in cytoplasm represents a prominent membrane encircling the nanoparticle clusters during endocytosis; scalebar: 2 μm. The cell nuclei are all intact and no nanoparticles are found inside", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1159, "image": "11800.jpg", "report": " Interferogram at 170 s after Δt = 3.1 °C thermal excitation on a completed mosaic model, overlap with the photographic documentation of the sample preparation (25% transparency mode). After Chaban et al. [73]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1160, "image": "3088.jpg", "report": " Control experiment showing confocal microscopic images of the serotonin1A receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells labeled with the NBD-labeled analog of serotonin (I) and chased with same volume of Milli-Q water (MQW) as in panel (a). Images represent mid-plane confocal sections of the same group of cells before and after addition of MQW. Scale bars represent 10 μm. See Materials and Methods for other details", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1161, "image": "93.jpg", "report": " Enlarged vascular image from sections of petiole of PNRT1.13:GUS plant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1162, "image": "15194.jpg", "report": " Optical microscopy image of PS/Waste/CNT (70/30/1.0 wt.%) nanocomposite at medium magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1163, "image": "9601.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of H&E-stained pancreas from mice (100× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm; 400× magnification, scale bar = 50 μm). The rectangular frame was manually added, and the details were displayed at a higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1164, "image": "14896.jpg", "report": " Comparison between normal rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a CTRL β2-tanycyte and a dilated and swollen RER in a HFD β2-tanyc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1165, "image": "8883.jpg", "report": " Imaging of the tubular compartment in organoids (upper row) and intact testis tissue (lower row). Immature germ cells, also known as gonocytes, were detected using UCHL1 and were observed within the tubular structures constructed by Sertoli cells detected by GATA4, and peritubular myoid cells detected by α-SMA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1166, "image": "8588.jpg", "report": " Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 4×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1167, "image": "14059.jpg", "report": " Prostates in 12-weeks-old, vehicle control vs. 0.3% or 0.6% KRE containing food fed TRAMP mice were examined by H&E staining and histological evaluation. 200× magnifications of images are shown. KRE: Kava root extract; HG-PIN: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; TRAMP: transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1168, "image": "16444.jpg", "report": " basidia with probasidiu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1169, "image": "7092.jpg", "report": " Oncocytic carcinoma. CD73 expression is limited to areas with follicular architecture (inset)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1170, "image": "8589.jpg", "report": " Type B interaction against the two pathogens; note that Gliocladiopsis GD006 displayed Type E interaction against Colletotrichum sp", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1171, "image": "5923.jpg", "report": " Representative time courses of [Ca2+]i activity in four individual areas from Robo βKO islet in Video 3, showing correlation of 28.7% of the active islet area. Time courses are normalized to average fluorescence of individual area over time. Similar color indicates that the time courses have a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of ≥0.70 and matches the region of coordination that is seen in (D).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1172, "image": "9379.jpg", "report": " (A and C–at a 100× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1173, "image": "9815.jpg", "report": " Representative images of roots of control lines (WT and Vector) and SlSNAP33.2 overexpressor tomato lines under salt stress. Roots were treated with Sodium-Green (green signal) and FM4-64 (red signal). Scale bar 50–100 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1174, "image": "15700.jpg", "report": " Autofluorescence of the same individual emitted in green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1175, "image": "3256.jpg", "report": " Cells treated with TEC for 2 h. Arrowheads show debris. Bar, 40 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1176, "image": "8867.jpg", "report": " Brightfield image at 4× magnification of 3/4 Alg/Gel filament directly after extrusion. The scale bar depicts 1000 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1177, "image": "16601.jpg", "report": " Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in COVID-19 pneumonia by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (65). Positive signals (brown) are observed on alveolar epithelial cell and alveolar macrophages. Scale bar indicates 50 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1178, "image": "2733.jpg", "report": " 25,000× magnification of two cells on a 0.2-μm filter; scale bar = 1 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1179, "image": "7105.jpg", "report": " immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI−/TFF2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1180, "image": "15188.jpg", "report": " PIN7 protein distribution in root tips of Arabidopsis pPIN7::PIN7-GFP line before and after salt stress application", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1181, "image": "12899.jpg", "report": " Anterior intralaminar nucleus Pcn, and rostral part of MDl. Note in A) and B) the dense innervation in Pv, Cdc and Pcn even at low magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1182, "image": "2659.jpg", "report": " Intermediate Score HOTAIR mRNA expression in NETG2 cells (40× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1183, "image": "10786.jpg", "report": " U-2 OS cells were co-transfected with plasmids encoding BFP-KDEL, LAMP1-RFP, and each of the GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs depicted in a, and cells were imaged live by confocal microscopy. Images show close-up SNX19-GFP-EL contacts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1184, "image": "2307.jpg", "report": " The resected three-dimensional parametrium above the ureter/ureter tunnel.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1185, "image": "14116.jpg", "report": " The dotted area in (d) was magnified to show how individual cells appear in negative contrast imaging", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1186, "image": "2866.jpg", "report": " Morphological aspects of the primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) monolayer—initially (0 h) and at 24 h and 48 h post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample at concentration 125 µg/mL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1187, "image": "7952.jpg", "report": " SEM image of GO", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1188, "image": "8670.jpg", "report": " Biopsy of the recurrent lesion. Highly malignant cells with a giant cell component and focal osteoid production were present (H&E, 200× magnification). The spindled and pleomorphic neoplastic cells were negative for the H3F3A protein G34W variant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1189, "image": "8369.jpg", "report": " Representative immunostaining image indicating DNA double-strand breaks 1 h after CK-SRS treatment. Positively stained nuclei corresponding to the treatment plan are colored (γ-H2AX: green, DAPI: blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1190, "image": "10952.jpg", "report": " Osteoclasts numbers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1191, "image": "11323.jpg", "report": " 3 nanostructures (NS1, 2, 5) caused cell envelope deformation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1192, "image": "12652.jpg", "report": " Schematic of the Tcf4 gene, the ‘knockout-first’ conditional allele and the two main TCF4 isoforms", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1193, "image": "13531.jpg", "report": " Relative low expression of CCNB2 in the corresponding adjacent tissues (100x and 200x magnification, respectively); scale bar indicates 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1194, "image": "15066.jpg", "report": " Pedigree of the patient characterized in current study", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1195, "image": "15023.jpg", "report": " hematoxylin and eosin slides (H&E) showing a moderately differentiated colorectal carcinoma (magnifications 10× and 20×, respectively)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1196, "image": "1154.jpg", "report": " Normal control group with typical seminiferous tubules showing the consecutive stages of spermatogenesis.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1197, "image": "11047.jpg", "report": " An isolated single plastid", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1198, "image": "14342.jpg", "report": " Flower;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1199, "image": "7583.jpg", "report": " Inferior caval vein and abdominal aorta with presentation close to normal (black arrows (full (inferior caval vein), dashed (abdominal aorta), and congested inferior caval vein (full white arrow), and tinny empty abdominal aorta (dashed white arrow). Camera attached to a VMS-004 Discovery Deluxe USB microscope (Veho, Dayton, OH, USA)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1200, "image": "13585.jpg", "report": " A linescan (dotted white arrows in e and f) of the background-subtracted and normalized intensity of a platelet’s lamellipodial edge for both widefield (WF) and super-resolution (SR), showing an enhancement in spatial resolution when using the SIM reconstruction", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1201, "image": "3525.jpg", "report": " SEM image of transversal cut of PA bamboo (10X magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1202, "image": "9023.jpg", "report": " Gel/HA–HAP group under 40× magnification with MT staining. Blue stains represent collagen and bone matrix, whereas red stains show cytoplasm and osteoid. Possible new bone [NB] formation can be found near material", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1203, "image": "15651.jpg", "report": " Voltage-gated activity in tomato leaves with eDNA treatmen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1204, "image": "354.jpg", "report": " average volume per B cell cluster", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1205, "image": "6783.jpg", "report": " The control group, DP- and FDDP-treated groups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1206, "image": "4247.jpg", "report": " AlexNet prediction results", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1207, "image": "8497.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the cross-sectional structures of the calcium-alginate hydrogel balls under PVS conditions with a working pressure of 61 kPa", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1208, "image": "1481.jpg", "report": " Boxplot showing the number of distinct chromocenters in the nuclei of ESCs expressing individual cassette, related to (C). scFv-only, n = 34; dCas9 control, n = 48; TET1-CD, n = 44; TET1-CD-Mut, n = 41. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. ***P < 0.001", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1209, "image": "1087.jpg", "report": " Deoxyviolacein production in the engineered strains introduced with the sRNAs targeting genes related to cellular morphology", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1210, "image": "9974.jpg", "report": " Cell-binding capacity of Ms6LysBPGBD-EGFP in M. bovis BCG (III) treated with 1% SDS prior to incubation with the fusion protein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1211, "image": "16582.jpg", "report": " Chlorophyll fluorescence upon saturating pulse of 800 ms in the absence of glucose plotted against linear scale", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1212, "image": "8609.jpg", "report": " top view of iLCEs in reflection mode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1213, "image": "4938.jpg", "report": " Time-lapse fluorescence measurement of CCNB1-EGFP after low concentration mRNA injection at GV stage. 20 ng/μl Ccnb1-EGFP mRNA was used for injection. Oocytes were analyzed for each group as follows: Ctrl, n = 8; Cdc5L siRNA, n = 7. Scale bars: 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1214, "image": "2135.jpg", "report": " Scheme of the trophoblast layers and blood-perfused area in the organ bud", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1215, "image": "10761.jpg", "report": " The otic vesicle with the entering cranial nerve VIII", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1216, "image": "1483.jpg", "report": " Boxplot showing the number of distinct chromocenters in the nuclei of the Dnmt1-ESCs in the individual condition, related to (B). No treatment, n = 71; 2,5-HD treatment, n = 222; 1,6-HD treatment, n = 217; 1,6-HD treatment with recovery culture, n = 199. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. ***P < 0.001", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1217, "image": "8982.jpg", "report": " Green fluorescent anti-HA-tag immunohistochemistry confirms the maintenance of human Atx1-protein expression in PCs, yet compared to Atx1[30Q] cerebelli only with sparse labelling in PCs (white arrows) of Atx1[82Q] carriers suggesting a progressive state of degeneration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1218, "image": "6324.jpg", "report": " IHC Staining of CK7 in popliteal LNs. Repr", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1219, "image": "11049.jpg", "report": " Chlorophyll autofluorescence and nucleus-specific dye fluorescence from V. litorea filaments; a detail of a single filament is shown on the right", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1220, "image": "4276.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal images of control and Foxa2Venus/Venus knockout late-streak-stage aggregation chimeras immunostained for Foxa2/GFP, Lef1 and Snail1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1221, "image": "10295.jpg", "report": " PAS staining of transgenic (TG", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1222, "image": "5971.jpg", "report": " examination of the metastatic lymph nodes reveals poorly defined tubular structures and highly pleomorphic dyscohesive tumor cells with plasmacytoid morphology", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1223, "image": "3043.jpg", "report": " Liver of an animal treated with MBEON with normal hepatocytes (H) and the presence of inflammatory cells (CI)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1224, "image": "9363.jpg", "report": " CD34+SCs/TCs with the somatic region located in the interstitium. Note that these cells are usually multipolar with telopodes that extend to the epithelial tracts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1225, "image": "2010.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin dye was introduced to the right lung using in situ perfusion technique described in Fig 1. Pictures are from the same mouse (representative of three) depicting dye incorporation in the right lung over 0 through 20 minutes. By 20 minutes right lung turns dark blue while left lung does not show any visible dye", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1226, "image": "2919.jpg", "report": " fluorescence image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1227, "image": "14616.jpg", "report": " Images were semi-automatic analyzed using the ImageJ software. The length of mitochondria was used to determine mitochondrial elongation mean per image; at least 70 mitochondria per condition were measured", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1228, "image": "15878.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of TFF1 expression in PT gastric tissues", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1229, "image": "9195.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy of GUVs made of PC/CL 90:10 and 80:20 mol%, room temperature, scale bar is 50 µM, [139]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1230, "image": "12398.jpg", "report": " SEM images of cells that were blotted dry for imaging, the insets show live cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1231, "image": "8605.jpg", "report": " top view of iLCE samples between cross polarizers in transmission", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1232, "image": "9649.jpg", "report": " the cross section of ovary, the ovary consisted of nine locules, and each locule had two inverted ovules;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1233, "image": "11321.jpg", "report": " Analysis of E. coli cross section #32 showed that NS1 had deformed the bacterial envelope without rupture or penetration; this is clearly shown in the 3D reconstruction", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1234, "image": "10042.jpg", "report": " Negative staining of cells of the periarterial lymphoid sheaths (×200)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1235, "image": "1321.jpg", "report": " Probing chromatin folding by Oligopaint DNA FISH. (Upper panel) schematics of the sequential hybridization approach in ORCA. The genomic targets are binned into small DNA segments hybridized with Oligopaint probes carrying distinct barcodes. Each barcode is sequentially bound by complementary fluorescent readout probes, imaged, and enzymatically removed. The centroids of binned DNA segments are used to reconstruct the chromatin structure. Panel adopted from Mateo et al (2019) with permission. (Lower left panel) The above process is extended to image multi‐Mbp compartments at smaller bins (lower left) and entire chromosome at larger bins (lower right panel). Panel adopted from Su et al (2020) with permission", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1236, "image": "5671.jpg", "report": " Promyelocytic leukemia cells in CSF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1237, "image": "894.jpg", "report": " Semantic segmentation predictio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1238, "image": "1634.jpg", "report": " Adenosquamous carcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1239, "image": "8654.jpg", "report": " Cellular internalization of SARS-CoV-1 and -2 spike S1-Fc or RBD-Fc proteins on HEK293T cells transfected with either wtACE2, ∆cytACE2, or pcDNA plasmids, and incubated for 0 or 4 h with SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-Fc or RBD-Fc proteins (3 µg/mL). The S1-Fc proteins were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-human IgG and visualized under confocal microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1240, "image": "2709.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification image. Most areas are occupied by large and small vesicles and extracellular filaments of various diameters.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1241, "image": "9561.jpg", "report": " Biomimetic strategy for enhancing light harvesting using the nanosphere array; the photo and SEM image of rose petal were taken by the author.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1242, "image": "7938.jpg", "report": " Mean steady-state current from each sensor during the 45 h experiment, averaged over 5 h periods (five sensors, from one pig)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1243, "image": "12919.jpg", "report": " In vivo NeuO dye neuron staining (green) and SCoRe myelin imaging (magenta) of P30 mouse cortices that were previously electroporated at E17 (right column), all showing similar aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments encircling the ectopic neuron clusters. Images are representative of observations made in at least three animals per IUE-injected age group. Scale bars, 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1244, "image": "10583.jpg", "report": " HE-stained photomicrograph shows a recent gray matter microinfarction, including ischemic neurons with red cell change (5-pointed star) and perineuronal vacuolation (4-pointed star). Original magnification ×200.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1245, "image": "4601.jpg", "report": " CD43 immunohistochemistry staining showing strong and diffuse membranous expression on immature leukemic megakaryocytes surrounded by hepatocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1246, "image": "15169.jpg", "report": " Unpressed referenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1247, "image": "9776.jpg", "report": " SEM images, magnification 400×, of PBS_CL tablets obtained by USAC (47/53% v/v", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1248, "image": "14547.jpg", "report": " Differential interference contrast (DIC) image of the spheroids formed by A2780 cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1249, "image": "9802.jpg", "report": " Quantification of the DCF fluorescence. The values are percentages relative to the intensity of the fluorescence evaluated in WT under saline stress treatment (100%). The data are represented as the percentage ± standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) according to a one-way ANOVA test", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1250, "image": "11879.jpg", "report": " Digitally enhanced image with popular MATLAB function from a Siemens Star image degraded with stray-light. Image enhanced with histogram equalization function \"histeq\"", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1251, "image": "9030.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of G-PEG-Dx1 under GM+hPL culture condition", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1252, "image": "4574.jpg", "report": " NIRF using a flatbed, closed-box device", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1253, "image": "167.jpg", "report": " The high-power magnification image from c (red rectangular box) shows that the cysts of yolk sac tumors are lining with transparent or flat atypical epithelium (H&E, X400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1254, "image": "15518.jpg", "report": " Sample images from the histopathologic examination of the kidneys in the abacavir-receiving group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1255, "image": "6259.jpg", "report": " Cysts from transgenic fly testes are from post-meiotic stage of spermatogenesis. The fusome-localizing protein α-spectrin (magenta), DNA (blue), and Arp53D (green, anti-GFP) were probed. The merge of α-spectrin and Arp53D appears as white, indicating that Arp53D co-localizes with α-spectrin and thus appears at the fusome.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1256, "image": "1399.jpg", "report": " Infected Vero cells monitored by live-cell imaging up to trypomastigote egress were fixed and incubated with phalloidin-TRITC. (To observe the same cell after fixing, we used a grid coverslip [see Fig. 5 and Video S4].) Three-dimensional topological micrographs of the actin structures were generated using Imaris software (Surface tool). Size bar, 15 μm. Arrowheads indicate the entire portion of membrane rupture, seen also in Fig. 5 and Video S4", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1257, "image": "12322.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical examination of PCNA-positive cells and RIPK3-positive cells in the body of human stomach", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1258, "image": "4287.jpg", "report": " Quantification of Foxa2, Sox17 and Snail1 expression in AME, Foxa2high TP/Foxa2high DE/VE and Foxa2high TP in MS stage embryos (Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, n = 3 embryos)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1259, "image": "12734.jpg", "report": " Ultrastructural pathology in NPC patient-derived NSCs. Magnified images of the organelles are shown in the middle and right panels (colored boxes with dashed lines indicate the magnifications). Abbreviations: LY, lysosome; Mito, mitochondria; MLI, multilamellar inclusion; LD, lipid droplets. Scale bar = 1 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1260, "image": "8625.jpg", "report": " The SEM image of cutting edge of PCD skiving cutter at 200 mm/s scanning speed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1261, "image": "16881.jpg", "report": " Light micrograph showing fungal conidia, stained with lactophenol cotton blue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1262, "image": "14133.jpg", "report": " Distribution of PIP peptide analogs in caco-2 cell monolayers imaged after 45 min of apical incubation. Binding of Alexa488-streptavidin (green) to active biotinylated PIP peptides (left) or non-active biotinylated PIP peptides (right) reveal a strong colocalization with occluding (red) for active PIP, but a random cytosolic distribution for non-active PIP. Reproduced from ref. 39 with permission from Elsevier, copyright 2018", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1263, "image": "6922.jpg", "report": " The intestines of the NC-fed fish were undamaged at 30 days, with an intact mucous layer (MU), submucosal layer (SU), muscle layer (ML), and serosa layer (SL)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1264, "image": "10922.jpg", "report": " The histological features of the mediastinal mass revealed (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), ×40) T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The malignant lymphocytes invade the strained muscle tissue.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1265, "image": "9335.jpg", "report": " Changes consistent with osteochondral dysplasia of the cribriform with neutrophilic infiltrates along the bone", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1266, "image": "7499.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy representative images of the TOM20-related fluorescence of euploid and trisomic NPC clones at day 7 of neural induction. TOM20 antibody (in red) stains the outer mitochondrial membrane. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst (blue). Bar = 10 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1267, "image": "4319.jpg", "report": " Number of component", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1268, "image": "15348.jpg", "report": " Representative high magnification image of iPSC-RPE cells on transwells coated with aECM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1269, "image": "13353.jpg", "report": " HER-2, scale bar = 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1270, "image": "2775.jpg", "report": " SEM imaging of the surface structure of 5-days old spheroids (1000× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1271, "image": "5697.jpg", "report": " P-Smad3+ cells (higher magnification inlet", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1272, "image": "12941.jpg", "report": " Baseline calcium dynamics (left column) and calcium fluctuations (middle and right columns) of individual heterotopic neurons in response to stimuli (denoted by solid blue line in two trials) obtained from the awake, head-fixed mouse imaged in (e)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1273, "image": "7281.jpg", "report": " Pathological examination showed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (H.E. × 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1274, "image": "6529.jpg", "report": " presence of a hyaline-like, amorphous eosinophilic material in the dermis surrounding and involving dermal vessels. (HE original staining ×40", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1275, "image": "3745.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining showed IgG granular staining along TBM and interstitium (×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1276, "image": "7144.jpg", "report": " higher magnification of selected regions, indicated by asterisks (yellow) on low-magnification images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1277, "image": "2672.jpg", "report": " Quantitative comparisons of stomatal aperture calculated by ImageJ software.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1278, "image": "7612.jpg", "report": " Staining with an anti-VEGF-A antibody (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA), at a 1:50 dilution. Besides tumor, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells of the vessels, epidermal keratinocytes above the MCC lesion are also stained", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1279, "image": "731.jpg", "report": " After nude mice were sacrificed, they were dissected to obtain tumors and photograph (lower).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1280, "image": "7473.jpg", "report": " Internalization of PDZ in MSSA strains at 75 mg/L after 15 min of incubation, observed under Confocal Microscopy. The marking of the bacterial DNA with DAPI is observed in blue, and the PDZ interaction with bacterial strains, in red, as well as the overlapping of signals", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1281, "image": "9343.jpg", "report": " TCs/CD34+SCs are present in loose connective tissue of the dermis with myxoid lagoons (mL).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1282, "image": "5635.jpg", "report": " CD3+CD56+ subsets detected in an average of 80 different snaps collected from each experimental group (****p<0.0001)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1283, "image": "8216.jpg", "report": " SEM image of unseeded device at 100× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1284, "image": "14788.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin stain staining of the bone marrow core biopsy showing hypercellular marrow (95%) with erythroid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with mildly left‐shifted granulopoiesis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1285, "image": "7624.jpg", "report": " Representative histopathological profile of kidney tissue from normal diet control (n = 7). GL represents glomerulus and BV represents blood vessel. Scale bar: 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1286, "image": "15024.jpg", "report": " E6 protein expression (10×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1287, "image": "1326.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of Aqp2 (green) in renal tubules of outer and inner medulla of control mice and Pdcd10-deficient mice. Higher magnification of the selected areas are shown on the right", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1288, "image": "14348.jpg", "report": " Mature silique;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1289, "image": "500.jpg", "report": " The fluorescence intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear p65 subunit was calculated using ImageJ software and results are presented as a percentage of nuclear over cytoplasmic NF-κB p65. Data are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1290, "image": "388.jpg", "report": " Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images showing endogenous coactosin and F-actin in the growth cone of an oculomotor neuron. Double staining of coactosin (green) and rhodamine-phalloidin (red) showing coactosin accumulation on F-actin bundles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1291, "image": "10773.jpg", "report": " Intravital imaging (maximum intensity z-projection) of neutrophil (Ly-6G, magenta) entrapped within bacterial aggregates within an infected arteriole 7 h post infection with iRFP-expressing Neisseria meningitidis (green). The human vessels are shown in gray (UEA-1 lectin) and dashed lines. Scale bar, 30 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1292, "image": "15048.jpg", "report": " TEM image showing the accumulation of human SOD1G93A in the nucleus (N)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1293, "image": "16608.jpg", "report": " Average mRNA expression levels of Kir2.1 (Kcnj2) and kainate receptor subunits GluR6 (Grik2) and GluR7 (Grik3) in mouse retina from single-cell transcriptome data. Kir2.1 is most prominently expressed in horizontal cells and essentially absent from Müller glia. The kainate receptor subunit GluR6 is also found in horizontal cells and Off bipolar cells, but GluR7 is absent from these cell types. Data adapted from Hoang et al. (2020)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1294, "image": "1157.jpg", "report": " Three representative H&E stained sections of FFPE lung tissue were scanned and tumor lesions are measured using the Pannoramic Viewer. R+ N1w/w (n = 118), R+ N1f/w (n = 97), R+ N1f/f (n = 91). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (ns—not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, error bars indicate SEM)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1295, "image": "10458.jpg", "report": " Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from green fluorescence channel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1296, "image": "6273.jpg", "report": " Higher magnifications of (A) as indicated by orange boxes. Relative thickness of granule cell (GC) layer, Purkinje cell (PC) layer, and molecular layer was not changed in GluA4-KO mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1297, "image": "1521.jpg", "report": " Representative image following CPD showing the vectorial tracing of the artifactual mesh holes (red) within the 2-μm band around the nucleus edge (black line)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1298, "image": "12325.jpg", "report": " Results of strain identification: Colonies of Strain WA4-31 on Gauze’s medium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1299, "image": "5484.jpg", "report": " GFP subcellular localizatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1300, "image": "4297.jpg", "report": " Embryo at 3 DAP (bar = 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1301, "image": "7856.jpg", "report": " Relative cytoplasmic glucose levels were measured overtime in fusing cells. To calculate the relative changes, the fluorescence intensity in fusing cells was normalized to the intensity of control non-fusing cells. The blue area represent the SEM overtime, n = 19 cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1302, "image": "8580.jpg", "report": " Empty tubular lumen in control group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1303, "image": "8102.jpg", "report": " 10% KOH mount showing fungal hyphae, magnification 400;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1304, "image": "12897.jpg", "report": " Midline nuclei, mainly Pv and a portion of Cdc in the lower part. The arrow points to the midline", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1305, "image": "16628.jpg", "report": " The mitotic figures (red arrow) have more than 5/10 HPF and moderate dysplasia is seen (Haematoxylin and Eosin stained, original magnification× 400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1306, "image": "16084.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy image of porphyrazine accumulation in SKOV-3 spheroids after 24 h of incubation with 10.0 μM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel; bar — 100 μ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1307, "image": "8579.jpg", "report": " Germ cells organized in concentric layers in the tubules", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1308, "image": "8425.jpg", "report": " Gross appearance of the specimens removed at surgery", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1309, "image": "10653.jpg", "report": " Total vessel number per field (40 x magnification) was determined by counting CD31+ vascular numbers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1310, "image": "4927.jpg", "report": " The kidney had acute injury/tubular injury (white arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1311, "image": "7659.jpg", "report": " The picture shows the characteristic osteoblasts seams with the unmineralized osteoid. Part of the new bone entombs the VSCM fibers that appear pink", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1312, "image": "1174.jpg", "report": " The follicle centers are composed predominantly of small centrocytes and scattered centroblasts (less than 15/high power field), in the absence of tangible body macrophages", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1313, "image": "9381.jpg", "report": " tumor with a HLA-B loss and peritumoral stromal T-cell location (T-cell exclusion pattern); tumor is negative for PD-L1, although there are few positive cells at the tumor margin.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1314, "image": "14936.jpg", "report": " TEM image of GO", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1315, "image": "7222.jpg", "report": " the ratio of VH to CD. Data are represented as means ± SEM, n = 8 per group. Different letters indicate significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). C, control group; A, antibiotic group; P, probiotic group; and S, synbiotic group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1316, "image": "4755.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrographs show BK (green), GFAP (red), MAP2 (red), and IBA1 (red) double staining in primary cultured cells. Scale bar = 25 μm. Right-side image indicates that BK is expressed in the IBA1+ microglia by 3D two-photo microscope image. Scale bar = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1317, "image": "3171.jpg", "report": " 2000 mg/kg ethanolic S. nodiflora extract-treated group (c, f", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1318, "image": "345.jpg", "report": " H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining for", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1319, "image": "10008.jpg", "report": " Midbrain sections including the substantia nigra (black ovals). Insets show higher magnification and PrPSc present in the substantia nigra.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1320, "image": "14781.jpg", "report": " Percent of traced sheaths surrounding PV axons within an ROI at baseline vs. 5 weeks recovery, same Ns as in c (ns, not significant, p = 0.068, paired two-tailed t-test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1321, "image": "14468.jpg", "report": " homogeneous well-aligned dense collage", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1322, "image": "13491.jpg", "report": " The data show the presence of a single full calcium wave in aquaporin depleted backgrounds upon the addition of AB. Aquaporin depletion was achieved through knockdown using BL50695 (germline) and BL44464 (germline and somatic) RNAi, deficiency (Df(2R)BSC160/Cyo), prip mutant (y1; P{SUPor-P}PripKG08662) and the broad, non-specific, aquaporin channel antagonist copper sulfate. Upon the addition of AB, the number of oocytes with the calcium wave significantly decreased to 50% in the germline knockdown over the deficiency (n = 25, p < 0.05) or mutant (n = 18, p < 0.001). A similar significant decrease was also observed with only one copy knock-down of both somatic and germline Prip (BL44464) (n = 13, p < 0.05). Addition of 2 mm copper sulfate results in a significant decrease of waves to approximately 30% (n = 44, p < 0.001). The number of burst phenotypes was quantified across experimental conditions and the mean value was 50% bursts, compared to 3% bursts in the wild-type", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1323, "image": "5343.jpg", "report": " DAXX immunostaining, highlighting loss of nuclear expressio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1324, "image": "2788.jpg", "report": " cells exhibiting a chondrocyte-like cell shape ingrained in a proteoglycan rich extracellular matrix as determined by Alcian Blue staining (white arrows indicate chondrocytic cell aggregates, 10× magnification, size bars 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1325, "image": "4212.jpg", "report": " Spiking variability and var(Φinh(n)) as a function of neuronal heterogeneity and detuning. Color hue indicates the fraction of clock cycles without spikes in the network. In particular, red indicates that the network spikes in every cycle. Color saturation indicates var(Φinh(n)). The neuronal heterogeneity enhances the tightness of the phase-locking", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1326, "image": "1177.jpg", "report": " Representative H&E stained section of a 5-year-old block at ×100 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1327, "image": "12891.jpg", "report": " Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Alpha-1 receptor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1328, "image": "4284.jpg", "report": " Quantification of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression in FVF+, FVFhigh TP, FVFhigh DE/VE of MS stage embryos (Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, n = 3 embryos)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1329, "image": "16145.jpg", "report": " Pathological examination of cervical mass revealed squamous cell carcinoma (left panel)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1330, "image": "11475.jpg", "report": " Macro- and microscopic patterns of the spinal cord lesion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1331, "image": "10313.jpg", "report": " Representative transmission electron microscopy of an islet from an acute subject. White lines delineate cell borders. Less-electron dense beta cell has distended borders and encompasses a viral replication complex. Red and blue box insets are high magnification of selected areas. Note viral particles at various stages of maturity inside of the vacuoles of the replication complex (red arrows). Double membraned vacuoles are also hallmarks of viral replication (blue arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1332, "image": "704.jpg", "report": " Representative examples of 8-oxoG staining in (left) a transplant control kidney sample and (right) a biopsy sample of a patient with FSGS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1333, "image": "14107.jpg", "report": " Ground truth mask images that were manually segmented", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1334, "image": "3112.jpg", "report": " Green, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1335, "image": "2306.jpg", "report": " SEM of bacteria passaged at least nine times in the presence of compound ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1336, "image": "1390.jpg", "report": " Same cell observed by SEM (correlative microscopy). Size bar, 10 μm. In this image, it is possible to observe the trypomastigotes in low relief beneath the host cell plasma membrane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1337, "image": "10364.jpg", "report": " The entire map, depicting higher resolution details at increasing levels of zoom (C,D) in the Google Maps API. Note: the red circles indicate detected cells which are changed to green when the classifier (three or more processes) is met. Red circles above the dotted yellow line delineating the edge of the tissue surface (B, upper corner) are cells, vessels and artifacts outside of the femoral head and neck tissue. The map depicted here can be navigated and explored like Google Maps at http://www.mechbio.org/sites/mechbio/files/maps7/index.html to access the map, type in user: mechbio, password: #google-maps", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1338, "image": "11368.jpg", "report": " Bar charts showing quantification of PLP-expressing cells in the E18.5 control and dcKO_Olig2-Cre at the middle, and caudal levels of the ventral telencephalon", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1339, "image": "16702.jpg", "report": " The embryo and endosperm of the wild type at 14 days after pollination", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1340, "image": "7719.jpg", "report": " Example of WT Layer V neurons within the motor cortex that are positive for YFP (green) and DAPI (blue), with no human TDP-43 (red) labelling present", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1341, "image": "2608.jpg", "report": " Polarized light image of P(3HO) film in 5× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1342, "image": "7529.jpg", "report": " RNAscope combined to IF shows Nox4 expression at the proximal tubule and not at the collecting tubule", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1343, "image": "15951.jpg", "report": " fresh pathology specimen (m", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1344, "image": "10900.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph showing evidence of EBV infection by EBER in situ hybridisation in the cervical lymph node metastasis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1345, "image": "230.jpg", "report": " Lateral ablations leaving a row of approximately one to two initium cells intact led to the inhibition of leaf outgrowth in I1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1346, "image": "576.jpg", "report": " Representative histological images from PLLA control materials at 1 mont", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1347, "image": "8990.jpg", "report": " Hematoxilin and Eosin staining reveals no changes in gross morphology of the corpus cerebelli in overview images, yet at higher magnifications large somata (white arrows) characteristic for PCs juxtaposed to the GCL are only visible in control and Atx1[30Q] cerebelli but are hardly found in Atx1[82Q] cerebelli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1348, "image": "3784.jpg", "report": " SEM images of spherulitic mineralized structures growing on different microchannel dimensions exhibiting different levels of elongation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1349, "image": "2837.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of fracture surface of sample containing 10% NIPU and 1% Nanoben", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1350, "image": "1417.jpg", "report": " Representative maximum z-projection images and quantification of co-localization of anti-AQP4 [AQP4(4/18), white] and anti-pan-laminin (red) staining in the cortex of wild-type and 5xFAD mice 24 h after hrANXA1 or vehicle treatment. Proportion of co-localization (Mander’s overlap coefficients) in z-stacks was determined using ImageJ (n = 4–5 animals per group, two sections per animal). Bottom: Vascular AQP4 coverage (percentage of total laminin staining co-localizing with AQP4). Top: AQP4 localization on vessel (percentage of total AQP4 staining co-localizing with laminin)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1351, "image": "9432.jpg", "report": " Different SEM images of Biofilm10 taken at different scales—20 and 2 µm, respectively. Green arrows represent Pinnularia (phylum = Ochrophyta), yellow arrows represent filamentous cyanobacteria, orange arrows represent Choricystis (phylum = Chlorophyta), and blue arrows indicate EPS mixed with mineral particles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1352, "image": "6606.jpg", "report": " Dipodomys ordii, KOE 1011. Detail of modified radial enamel is well‐visible both in transverse and in longitudinal sections", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1353, "image": "12235.jpg", "report": " Overlay of b with e, using ec-CLEM [11]. The LM information is displayed as a false-color image with red indicating the Golgi impregnation deposit in a and b to overlay and correlate it wi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1354, "image": "12994.jpg", "report": " Midline sectioned P1 mouse spine showing Sp7-Cre-GFP expression specific to the vertebral body, counterstained with DAPI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1355, "image": "9963.jpg", "report": " SEM result", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1356, "image": "8769.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of 21 days aged PET fracture surface at 75 °C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1357, "image": "13789.jpg", "report": " Histologic stains demonstrating hematoxylin and eosin stain of penile biopsies showing poorly differentiated carcinoma with dyscohesive malignant epithelioid cells demonstrating pleomorphism in a background of necrosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1358, "image": "16607.jpg", "report": " The network of target gene-pathway interactions. Red circle stands for target genes and purple diamond stands for pathways. The size of the red circle represents the importance of the target gene in this network", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1359, "image": "16747.jpg", "report": " Histopathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: prominent histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm against the background of mixed population of eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells (HE ×10)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1360, "image": "13159.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tissue was positive for antibodies against S-100.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1361, "image": "9259.jpg", "report": " a relatively large, dense mite domatium.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1362, "image": "2756.jpg", "report": " eGFP fluorescenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1363, "image": "11509.jpg", "report": " Daily body weights of mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1364, "image": "8845.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy image of microstructures of squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) mantle muscle before and after treatment of BO (magnification, 200×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1365, "image": "1790.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1366, "image": "9861.jpg", "report": " control leaf inoculated with PDA disk, symptoms absent;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1367, "image": "7024.jpg", "report": " Montaged EM overview of mouse footpad tissue in cross-section with resident structures and cell types labeled", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1368, "image": "52.jpg", "report": " Bowel morphology at baseline. Histology (colonic mucosa): architectural irregularity and a mild patchy increase of lamina propria cells with neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration, crypt abscesses (red arrow) and an epithelioid cell granuloma (black arrow) indicating active disease", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1369, "image": "3130.jpg", "report": " Interadical hyphae, exteradical hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules formation of AMF (c and d) were formed in the Mentha piperita roots", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1370, "image": "1651.jpg", "report": " SEM images of polished thin section (top) and rock chip (bottom) exhibiting randomly oriented hematite laths in two and three dimensions, respectively. The textures strongly suggest that the hematite is authigenic (i.e., chemically precipitated) and not detrital", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1371, "image": "1457.jpg", "report": " Top row shows merged images of GFP (green, indicating T6SS assembly/contraction), mCherry (red, prey strain), and SYTOX Blue (cyan, showing membrane permeabilisation) channels. The bottom row arrows highlight a prey cell losing membrane integrity (increase in SYTOX Blue staining inside cells) arrows. Representative image from two biological repeats. Scale bars represent 1 µm. See also Figure 3—video 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1372, "image": "9567.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy micrograph of Pb whisker growth with continuous growth", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1373, "image": "9890.jpg", "report": " The optical micrographs of H and E stained collagen and collagen/nonhydroxyapatite scaffold sections after 12 weeks of in vivo implantation. (B-bone tissue: NB-new formed bone: BV-blood vessel. Black arrows show the implanted material and white arrows show the osteblastic cell layer.) [104]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1374, "image": "16333.jpg", "report": " GFP fluorescence at 28 hpf illustrates the left LPM reporter use of the 0.2Intr1spaw:eGFP line", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1375, "image": "2133.jpg", "report": " Zoomed-in view of a xy slice (~0.4 nm thick) from a selected region of a tomogram without any downsampling, showcasing ultra-thin regions in mEx1-Q51 filaments", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1376, "image": "1283.jpg", "report": " IF with mouse anti-calbidin (red) and FITC-LTA (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1377, "image": "15587.jpg", "report": " Histological haemotoxylin-eosin (H&E) and luxol fast blue (LFB) staining performed on sections of resected tissue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1378, "image": "270.jpg", "report": " Examination of the morphology and structural integrity of the 3D hFOB spheroid by scanning electron microscopy without the presence of osteogenic factors after 14 days of cultured under magnetic levitation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1379, "image": "9846.jpg", "report": " primary coating contain PDADMAC/PSS; PDADMAC on top of surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1380, "image": "178.jpg", "report": " A large eosinophilic and fractured cast with interstitial inflammation (HE,  ×  200); negative κ light chain and positive λ light chain (IF,  ×  200); fractured cast with multinucleated giant cell reaction (EM,  ×  1000)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1381, "image": "4126.jpg", "report": " Representative images of a co-culture of multilayered SMC and a monolayer of EC on top of them, seeded on a glass coverslip (top layer)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1382, "image": "9028.jpg", "report": " BC carriers during the process of formation by K. xylinus bacteria (rod-like shapes)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1383, "image": "9014.jpg", "report": " Cell number of MSCs between the yellow line and right edge versus time in the Gel/HA–HAP–SDF-1 group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1384, "image": "2810.jpg", "report": " Example of disruption of normal crypt architecture and expansion of the deeper lamina propria by mononuclear inflammatory cells and mild fibrosis (black arrow). Red arrows outline the perimeter of the hyperplastic lesion. The slide is from a 16-weeks-old C57BL/J6 male mouse fed the n-6HFD (20×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1385, "image": "12515.jpg", "report": " The wormlike object was stored in formalin.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1386, "image": "3642.jpg", "report": " No electron dense deposits were detected by electron microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1387, "image": "14930.jpg", "report": " The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 30", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1388, "image": "16991.jpg", "report": " Blue Masson's trichrome‐stained area transformed from image G using Image‐Pro Plus 6.0 software.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1389, "image": "2976.jpg", "report": " Connection between SBR and EPDM at 0.50 k magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1390, "image": "587.jpg", "report": " Comparison of the LF thickness and fibrosis score between the two groups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1391, "image": "1429.jpg", "report": " Enveloped virions at the cell surface of CHMP4C siRNA-transfected infected cells were rarely found", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1392, "image": "8570.jpg", "report": " Confocal laser scanning microscope image showing the distribution of AR-positive (AR+; red; Alexa 555 visualization (A555)) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase+ (green; Alexa 488 visualization (A488)) neurons in sections from APG", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1393, "image": "14898.jpg", "report": " A high-powered view in the box is shown in Figure 2. Uranyl acetate and lead citrate stain. Scale bar = 2 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1394, "image": "10731.jpg", "report": " the percentage of tubular clarification. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. n = 6; ∗∗∗p < 0.001 indicates significant difference as compared to normal control. cp < 0.001 indicates significant difference as compared to the gentamicin group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1395, "image": "15080.jpg", "report": " Representative image of control sample after 1 week in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1396, "image": "8590.jpg", "report": " Type B interaction against the two pathogens; note that Gliocladiopsis GD013 displayed Type E interaction against Colletotrichum sp", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1397, "image": "16983.jpg", "report": " Blue Masson's trichrome‐stained area transformed from image H using Image‐Pro Plus 6.0 software", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1398, "image": "5742.jpg", "report": " Dark-field TEM image and the corresponding elemental mapping of the B-SiOC-3 assembly.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1399, "image": "13282.jpg", "report": " The local magnification (bottom) is 400‐fold (scale bar: 25 μm). The blue area represents nuclei. The pink area represents cytoplasm and intercellular plasm. The red arrows showed the position of the glomeruli, and the blue arrows showed the position of renal tubules", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1400, "image": "12754.jpg", "report": " Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of 3D construct; inset shows the laser scanning confocal microscopy image on z‐plane cross section.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1401, "image": "4205.jpg", "report": " Fixed young and aged oocytes underwent a proximity ligation assay for LC3B and EEA1 and were imaged through confocal microscopy (60× objective). Representative images illustrate the characteristic punctate staining similar to that in (A) where red signal indicates proteins are within 40 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1402, "image": "6101.jpg", "report": " Representative images of GFP-ATG8a in four-day-old fc2-1 seedlings grown in 24 h constant light or 6 h light/18 h dark cycling light", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1403, "image": "15721.jpg", "report": " Distribution of kaempferol-rhamnoside-glucoside [M + Na]+ m/z 617.1478 (red", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1404, "image": "13871.jpg", "report": " Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) at the phase interface correspond to Fig. 5b", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1405, "image": "5451.jpg", "report": " Uninfected HFFs were co-cultured with HFFs infected with 4 different clinical isolates. After 2 days, these cultures were used as donor cultures for PMN-mediated transmission. The cell culture supernatants of the isolates were analyzed for cell-free infectivity on uninfected HFFs at the day of the transfer experiment. PMNs isolated from fresh blood samples of HCMV-seronegative donors were incubated with the donor cultures for 3 h at 37 °C, then recollected and incubated with uninfected HFFs, HEC-LTTs or ARPE-19 cells. After 3 h at 37 °C, PMNs were removed.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1406, "image": "6013.jpg", "report": " The plugin for controlling the import and processing of MSI data is shown on the upper right side.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1407, "image": "9668.jpg", "report": " Propafenone 50 µM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1408, "image": "12423.jpg", "report": " Colon mucosal biopsy performed in 2018 after completion of the 2nd attempt of H. pylori eradication [H&E × 100]; moderate to severe diffuse inflammatory infiltrate; reduction in colonic gland number (black star); Crypt abscesses present, surface mucous production depletion, and reduced columnar epithelium (black arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1409, "image": "467.jpg", "report": " Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) image of the sub-basal nerve plexus of subjects with mild cognitive impairment without cerebral ischemia showing reduced main nerve fibers, branches, and total fiber length", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1410, "image": "8436.jpg", "report": " Nuclear DNA labeled with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1411, "image": "8970.jpg", "report": " Dense tau fibrils in a tufted astrocyte in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1412, "image": "7697.jpg", "report": " Cellular uptake profiles of UCNP@SiO2 and UCNP@SiO2-TS at various co-culture concentrations (50–400 μg/cm2) calculated from the amount of yttrium measured by ICP–AES. A significant time-dependent increase of the uptake is observed. The uptake curve of UCNP@SiO2-TS presents a significantly steadier dose-dependent linear increase than UCNP@SiO2, indicating that the labeling efficiency of the nanoparticles is improved by the modification using Transfectin 3000. The labeling efficiency of UCNP@SiO2-TS at 20 μg/cm2 for 6 h measures 114.36 ± 8.7 pg/cell, which is calculated via the linear slope", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1413, "image": "6174.jpg", "report": " Control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1414, "image": "13705.jpg", "report": " Typical immunohistochemical image of normal lung tissue showing weak expression of ARG2 by bronchial cells indicated by an arrow", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1415, "image": "16511.jpg", "report": " N/A (not a subfigure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1416, "image": "7557.jpg", "report": " Ventral views of the urogenital sinus (UGS), kidneys, gonads and arteries in control and RarabgΔE10.5 mutant embryos at E12.5. In the control, the left and the right umbilical arteries have similar calibres; their roots have yielded the common iliac arteries. In the mutant, the right umbilical root has regressed; the left root is in a median position and is hyperplastic as it carries the whole umbilical circulation; the principal artery to the right hindlimb bud connects directly to the dorsal aorta", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1417, "image": "334.jpg", "report": " Autopsy renal sections from the patient 1–1 and 1–2 in family 1. No well-developed proximal tubules could be identified", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1418, "image": "9486.jpg", "report": " No CD45+ cells were visible in the adjacent tissues", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1419, "image": "15575.jpg", "report": " Overview of an aorta by light microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and two different magnifications used to count the number of CD206+ cells (in red) normalized to the total cell number as calculated by DAPI-stained nuclei in blue, and lamina elastic (in green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1420, "image": "4645.jpg", "report": " Own abstrac", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1421, "image": "14983.jpg", "report": " b) forced localized cooling by nitrogen vapours stream under cryogenic conditions (“hybrid laser deposition”)—a view of the entire clad layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1422, "image": "8011.jpg", "report": " I-TASSER (version 5.1) software provides biological annotations of the target ligand by COACH based on the I-TASSER structure prediction, represented by the magenta-colored amino acid residues. Figure created with BioRender.com (accessed on 15 June 2021)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1423, "image": "9685.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microscopic observation of the gastric fundus from a rabbit inoculated with 1 × 108 C. guttulatus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1424, "image": "5872.jpg", "report": " Digital photographs of all film samples at 23 °", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1425, "image": "8294.jpg", "report": " SEM image with 5000× magnification of oxygen plasm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1426, "image": "9517.jpg", "report": " TEM of ZnO/Al2O3 core-shell nanowir", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1427, "image": "11307.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron micrograph of E. coli or S. aureus adhered to TO-NS-long, before (upper image) and after (lower image) focused ion beam milling", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1428, "image": "992.jpg", "report": " HeLa cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were fixed and stained for immunofluorescence. Arrow: cells expressing GFP-MERS-CoV N or GFP only. Scale bar, 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1429, "image": "3632.jpg", "report": " Relatively high magnified view of mitochondria of the plant of ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1430, "image": "11588.jpg", "report": " glandular tissu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1431, "image": "16446.jpg", "report": " pileipelli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1432, "image": "770.jpg", "report": " Green spots represent total IFN-γ specific T cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1433, "image": "1424.jpg", "report": " Numerous cytoplasmic capsids were found either naked or associated with tubules, but fully enwrapped capsids were difficult to locate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1434, "image": "3103.jpg", "report": " visualized application of multicolor miRNA ISH for the detection of downregulation of a specific type of miRNA (miR-375) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and normal tissue on 100× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1435, "image": "7358.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy of empty scaffolds. Representative SEM images at 80× and 1500× magnifications and scale bars represents 5 mm, 250 μm (n = 3)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1436, "image": "7460.jpg", "report": " metaephyra (20 days)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1437, "image": "6929.jpg", "report": " Tumor cells are positive for WT-1 on immunohistochemistry, 10× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1438, "image": "12276.jpg", "report": " H&E-stained skin biopsy from a representative subject who received active/vaccine-coated HD-MAPs on day 1 (pre)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1439, "image": "16498.jpg", "report": " WT, wild-type cell line #13-8-1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1440, "image": "14630.jpg", "report": " The boxed area in (A) is shown at higher magnification in (B). The black arrowhead in (A) indicates a blood vessel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1441, "image": "12158.jpg", "report": " Safranin O/Fast Green staining were applied to observe cells and proteoglycan expression in formed tissues. Scale bar 200 μm and scale bar 20 μm (The magnified photos in dot lines)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1442, "image": "13548.jpg", "report": " Two photon fluorescence image of one Di-4-AN(F)EPPTEA labelled HCM trabecula from the left ventricle. The lines mark the probed sarcolemmal regions: surface sarcolemma (SS) in red and axial tubules (AT) in green. White bars equal 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1443, "image": "14973.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of comparative stringer bead HC4 produced under forced localized cooling by nitrogen vapours stream under cryogenic conditions (“hybrid laser deposition”) — a view of the middle region of the clad", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1444, "image": "14070.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph showing renal cell carcinoma replacing normal adrenal cortex (white arrow) (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification 100 × )", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1445, "image": "16871.jpg", "report": " Immunolabeled punctate pattern in the cell walls (C) and TEM image (D) of the cell marked with asterisk in (A) and (B).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1446, "image": "6023.jpg", "report": " Cube-shaped LMs stabilized with hydrophobic PET plates with circular, heart and star shapes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1447, "image": "14937.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence staining of LC3 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1448, "image": "16829.jpg", "report": " The larger (around 2 μm in radius) etch pits on the front surface of CR-39 correspond to carbon/oxygen ions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1449, "image": "12411.jpg", "report": " Reconstructed 3D models of the NEB events. Nuclear membranes are presented in orange color and the transporting material in pink", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1450, "image": "8220.jpg", "report": " SEM image of differentiated hDPSCs-seeded device at 2500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1451, "image": "15098.jpg", "report": " tangential sections (×250 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1452, "image": "10674.jpg", "report": " CLSM biofilm image of S. uberis DPC 5344 after a 24-h treatment of a preformed biofilm with nisin A and PV. Cells were stained with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI). The live cells are shown in green and the dead cells in red. The middle panel from the picture on the left side represents the x–y plane, and the adjacent top and side panels represent the x–z and y–z planes, respectively. On the right side, live/dead 3D CLSM images of biofilm eradication are shown. Z, thickness of the biofilm (μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1453, "image": "7631.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence and confocal microscopy images of islet vascularized by ad-MVFs after coculturing in 3D collagen hydrogel at day 8. CD90 expression is localized on ad-MVF cells’ surface. Blue: DAPI; green: phalloidin-FITC; red: CD90", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1454, "image": "8792.jpg", "report": " Eubacteria expression in the liver by RT-PC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1455, "image": "6451.jpg", "report": " T-cells highlighted by a CD8 IHC stain, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1456, "image": "16419.jpg", "report": " Immunolabeling for GAD in an overview and higher magnification in nVI shows fewer GAD-immunopositive terminals on MIF MNs, compared ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1457, "image": "2625.jpg", "report": " Co-localisation of hepcidin and GFAP in layers I and II of the cortex in DS brain section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1458, "image": "5068.jpg", "report": " ×4 magnification demonstrating the monodispersity (PDI = 1.6%) and morphology on an inverted microscope. Scale bar is 29 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1459, "image": "12051.jpg", "report": " Histopathological section photographs of rat liver tissue slices for H&E analysis in control group with magnification of 400x", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1460, "image": "12095.jpg", "report": " Representative histotopogram of TRPM6 in the four chamber walls of the human heart of a control subject after traffic accident (× 40 magnification).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1461, "image": "13599.jpg", "report": " Representative retinal cross-section histology showing pRBCs in venules from a different fatal patient (red arrow shows vessels with pRBCs filling the lumen; yellow arrow shows a vessel where pRBCs cytoadhere to the vessel wall with red blood cells without parasites in the center of the vessel (similar to hypo-reflective lumina of blood vessels in (1.2.B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1462, "image": "3854.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining for PD-L1 expression in cancer cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1463, "image": "5483.jpg", "report": " CsTLP8 with GFP fusion protein subcellular localizatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1464, "image": "14232.jpg", "report": " Mucicarmine staining analysis the mucus in DSS and PD treatment mice colon tissue, magnification is ×20, black arrow mark the mucus (n ≥ 4)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1465, "image": "11988.jpg", "report": " Relative quantification of EphB/ephrin-B molecules in M3−/− crypts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1466, "image": "16643.jpg", "report": " Anatomical structure images of untreated shoots of both genotypes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1467, "image": "1124.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of sham operation and injured arteries at the indicated time points were stained with Meox1. Open arrow indicates the neointima area, forked tail arrow indicates the media, and round arrow indicates the adventitia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1468, "image": "3544.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of corn starch (CS) analyzed at 1000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1469, "image": "5049.jpg", "report": " Photoluminescence spectrum", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1470, "image": "10638.jpg", "report": " In situ hybridization (ISH) staining of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (red) and CD31 RNA (green) in the lung sections from infected K18-/- (left) and K18+/- (right) at 3 DPI. Yellow arrows: co-localization of CD31 (green) and viral RNA (red). Images are representative of 2 mice for each group.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1471, "image": "7746.jpg", "report": " magnification 200×, scale bar 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1472, "image": "10054.jpg", "report": " Rolling leukocyte with adherent microbeads emitting fluorescence at 600 nm (red) and 560 nm (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1473, "image": "4344.jpg", "report": " Kir4.1-positive satellite glial cells tightly envelop NeuN-positive neuron", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1474, "image": "1855.jpg", "report": " Semi-quantitative analysis of glomerulosclerotic index", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1475, "image": "8021.jpg", "report": " SEM image of fillers at 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1476, "image": "5710.jpg", "report": " GFP fluorescence was restricted above the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb quiescent grafts at 17 DAG", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1477, "image": "789.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence stain of a fractured crystalline cast is strongly positive for κ light chain (immunofluorescence, × 600)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1478, "image": "12275.jpg", "report": " Three-dimensional projection micrographs showing the appressorium entry site into rice leaf sheath. The arrow indicates the penetration peg, which subsequently differentiates into a primary invasive hypha at 24 hpi.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1479, "image": "1024.jpg", "report": " Representative micrographs of H&E stainings (bar = 500µm) and immunohistochemical stainings of human CD4+ T cells, human CD20+ B cells and human CD138+ cells (bar = 100 µm) in splenic sections of mice receiving PBMC from HD, SSc and GPA patients. The splenic samples were collected 12 weeks after transfer of human PBMC and prepared for histological evaluation. All data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1480, "image": "1107.jpg", "report": " IHC staining of nestin at 12 weeks in groups II (c, d", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1481, "image": "5086.jpg", "report": " enlargement of region (a1–c1)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1482, "image": "1141.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence double staining for SDF-1α and Meox1 in injury arteries in the indicated time. Red fluorescence indicates SDF-1α, green fluorescence indicates Meox1, and blue fluorescence indicates DAPI-labeled nucleus. Round arrow indicates lumen side neointima, open arrow indicates media, and forked tail arrow indicates adventitia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1483, "image": "8586.jpg", "report": " Histological structure of BF of a control chicken at age 28 with magnification 20×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1484, "image": "14963.jpg", "report": " Microscopic evaluation of fungal growth on variant 1 at 42× magnification of the sample image.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1485, "image": "4327.jpg", "report": " petiol", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1486, "image": "14048.jpg", "report": " index of refraction = 2.41 (diamond", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1487, "image": "12334.jpg", "report": " Anterior (top), angled (middle) and superior (bottom) views of a representative RAGP showing only the SAN-projecting neurons (left) or non SAN-projecting neurons (right). The X, Y, Z measurements are consistent with those in panel (A)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1488, "image": "16973.jpg", "report": " Quantification of β‐catenin expression in HO", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1489, "image": "6937.jpg", "report": " Violin plot of cell size distribution in the 70% fraction for animal BON-C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1490, "image": "6539.jpg", "report": " necrotizing vasculitis of intramural coronary arteries with strong positivity for CD45RO+ T-lymphocytes. (EE and IHC, magnification 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1491, "image": "8811.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemical staining for AKR1B10 in control high-grade serous ovarian cancer (i)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1492, "image": "3759.jpg", "report": " Epithelial surface of RWM under medium magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1493, "image": "14130.jpg", "report": " Presence of florid plaques after PrPSc immunostaining using 12B2 mAb in the frontal cortex brain sections of mice inoculated with Wisc-1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1494, "image": "9748.jpg", "report": " TEM image of PCL monolithic fibres", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1495, "image": "4829.jpg", "report": " Longitudinal section of gastric epithelium, negative control.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1496, "image": "4091.jpg", "report": " Representative images of TH (top row) and CGRP (bottom row) staining at 4 weeks post sham, total and afferent RDN in the LP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1497, "image": "13547.jpg", "report": " Histopathologic examination of the biopsied lesion was consistent with basal cell carcinoma with both nodular and infiltrative growth patterns. Note the characteristic features of basal cell carcinoma, including extensive background solar elastosis (asterisk), fibromyxoid stroma (double asterisks), peripheral palisading (arrow), and stromal retraction (double arrows) around the tumor islands.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1498, "image": "8630.jpg", "report": " Angiogenic sprouting at the non-tumor side under normoxia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1499, "image": "16368.jpg", "report": " Selected chromosomes from a chromosome spread similar to that in A were rendered in three-dimensions using AMIRA, showing how Ki-67 coats the chromosome surface. The discontinuous appearance of the layer is likely to be an artefact of the rendering process in AMIRA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1500, "image": "9007.jpg", "report": " HR-TEM scan of graphene modified with gold nanoparticles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1501, "image": "11462.jpg", "report": " Typical embryonic development process for pronuclei disappearance in RA-T group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1502, "image": "10033.jpg", "report": " Enlarged image of non-infected cells treated ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1503, "image": "7053.jpg", "report": " Mice treated with simple ointment.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1504, "image": "3543.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of malanga flour (MF) analyzed at 500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1505, "image": "13979.jpg", "report": " Peripheral hemogra", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1506, "image": "1209.jpg", "report": " Example of over-estimation of PD-L1 staining using QuPath contributed to by false positive annotation of debris (green arrow), inflammatory cells (purple arrow) and edge artifact (orange arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1507, "image": "6780.jpg", "report": " Expression of HIF-1α inside MiaPaCa-2 3D tumor spheroids. Confocal microscopy images of MiaPaCa-2 3D tumor spheroids stained with Hoechst 33342 and labeled with HIF-1α antibody via immunofluorescence. Top views of cross-sectional images in a 3D tumor spheroid at different focal planes (top, middle, and bottom) using Imaris software. A green arrow symbol orients the viewing direction for the cross-sections reconstructed from Z stacks.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1508, "image": "6038.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image (secondary electrons) of a trabecula reveals layer-by-layer depletion of the plywood structure. Depletion of organics becomes evident, appearing as a bright irregular assembly below the trabecula (see arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1509, "image": "16012.jpg", "report": " Positive immunostaining for smooth muscle actin (SMA) in neoplastic cells (objective magnification 10 × ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1510, "image": "10579.jpg", "report": " HE-stained photomicrograph shows details of acute hypoxemic-ischemic ch", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1511, "image": "14548.jpg", "report": " Differential interference contrast (DIC) image of the spheroids formed by OVCAR-3 cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1512, "image": "5816.jpg", "report": " Reconstructive drawing of the soldier. Dark-red colour shows the visible muscles in the head", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1513, "image": "2696.jpg", "report": " Co-localization analyses of ACSS2 and PDL1. The co-localization in is presented as the product of the differences from the mean image. White color pixels indicate co-localization coefficient", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1514, "image": "9173.jpg", "report": " DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1515, "image": "11412.jpg", "report": " HAADF-STEM image of a", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1516, "image": "10774.jpg", "report": " Numbers of intraluminal and perivascular neutrophils per square millimeter of arteriolar endothelium during the first 6 h of the infection. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1517, "image": "9506.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the xerogel obtained in methyl methacrylate solvent", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1518, "image": "9775.jpg", "report": " filaments obtained by HME (45/55% v/v) before release of drug", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1519, "image": "3149.jpg", "report": " Image of patched neuron filled with neurobiotin. Arrowhead points to filled neuron. Dashed white line denotes biotin-filled blood vessels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1520, "image": "14280.jpg", "report": " Wt1-lineage traced cells were solely identified in the mesothelium (filled arrowheads; open arrowheads pointing to vascular tissue labelled with endothelial CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1521, "image": "2710.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification image. Most areas are occupied by large and small vesicles and extracellular filaments of various diameters. The large vesicles (150–250 nm in diameter) are indicated by arrows", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1522, "image": "5057.jpg", "report": " TEM images of as-synthesized c-Cu2O-682", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1523, "image": "6528.jpg", "report": " A perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate (original magnification ×100) wit", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1524, "image": "7310.jpg", "report": " The localization pattern of autophagosomes in ER-phagy (the red arrow represents the ER membrane, and the black arrow represents the autophagosome membrane)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1525, "image": "7201.jpg", "report": " Double staining showing positivity for neurofibrils (immunohistochemistry against neurofibrils, in brown) intermingled with mucoid material (alcian blue, in blue) in the tumour (×40 and ×20", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1526, "image": "9684.jpg", "report": " Microscopic observation of a frozen cross-section of gastric pylorus from a rabbit inoculated with 1 × 108 C. guttulatus at 40 and 100× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1527, "image": "7555.jpg", "report": " Ventrolateral views of the left side and projections of left lateral views on sagittal HREM sections in a RarabgΔE10.5 mutant foetus at E14.5", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1528, "image": "15276.jpg", "report": " Metastatic melanoma cells (WM-266-4) incubated with 0.3 µM of MLB + GFP for 24 h and screened under luminescence imaging microscopy. The RED arrows show the attachment of the fusion proteins to the cell membranes and cell agglutination. The YELLOW arrows show cell internalization of the fusion proteins", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1529, "image": "271.jpg", "report": " High magnification of the 3D hFOB spheroid showed that osteoblasts cells are highly cohesive showing that magnetic force-mediated cell clustering.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1530, "image": "7125.jpg", "report": " Nuclear immunostaining of Osterix (Osx) in cells surrounded by fibers (arrows in e’ and f’). Arrowheads indicate strong Osx immunostaining in ectopic bone emerging areas. Arrowheads in f’ indicate GFP+ adipocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1531, "image": "7689.jpg", "report": " Gomori trichrome. There is extensive deposition of cytoplasmic granular material: nemaline rods.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1532, "image": "8078.jpg", "report": " Darkfield (DF) microscopic time-lapse frames of 3-somite stage embryo (HH7), cultured in presence of 240 nM SiR-actin. Development progressed up to the 10-somite stage (HH10) during 12 h of incubation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1533, "image": "2991.jpg", "report": " SEM-BSE image and proposed phase identification at the triple lines and at top of the Si-8at%Ti/GC sample after wetting tests performed at T = 1450 °C for 15 min at different magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1534, "image": "10637.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD31 (red) and viral spike protein (green) in lung sections from infected K18+/- at 3 DPI. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). White arrows: co-localization of CD31 and SARS-CoV-2 protein. Autofluorescence identifies red blood cells which fluoresce in the green (488), red (568), and blue (647) channels.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1535, "image": "2240.jpg", "report": " To a lesser extent, immunoparticles for Gαo were detected at intracellular sites (crossed arrows) associated with intracellular membranes and more frequently with subsurface cisterns (SSCs) belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1536, "image": "10918.jpg", "report": " Microscopic changes in coronary atherosclerosis. Coronary heart disease group, CHD. (HE staining, scale bar = 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1537, "image": "8226.jpg", "report": " Upper panel 100× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1538, "image": "9862.jpg", "report": " conidia obtained from artificially generated lesion. Scale bars: (c,d) = 2 mm; (e) = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1539, "image": "14148.jpg", "report": " Photomicrographs of the left cortex showing bland necrosis, residual tumor, and microvascular proliferation with thick-walled vessels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1540, "image": "4053.jpg", "report": " Representative low magnification view of a wild-type (top) and a ki/ki (bottom) organ of Corti (P8) stained against calbindin (magenta) and GFP (green). GFP expression is restricted to the ki/ki genotype. Calbindin, used to visualize outer (OHC) and inner hair cells (IHC), is detectable in wild-type and ki/ki organs of Corti. Maximum projection of confocal sections is depicted", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1541, "image": "83.jpg", "report": " The overlap image of the GFP (green) and chlorophyll (magenta) fluorescence with GFP alone", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1542, "image": "2245.jpg", "report": " Co-localization of Gαo with Parvalbumin (PV) in basket cells (arrowheads) and stellate cells (arrows) using double-labeling immunofluorescence visualized with scanning confocal microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1543, "image": "10135.jpg", "report": " TAGs in the guard cells of P. infestans-infected (IF) potato leaves started to decrease significantly 8 hpi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1544, "image": "9956.jpg", "report": " Spermatheca dissections at 400× magnification of D. melanogaster females exposed to organic control medium within 4 h of eclosio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1545, "image": "7686.jpg", "report": " Estimation of β across selection p-value thresholds under no pleiotropy. Error bars show 95% Confidence intervals and the numbers are the number of independent SNPs obtained at each threshold.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1546, "image": "4625.jpg", "report": " Topography of Mn55Al45C2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1547, "image": "821.jpg", "report": " Predicted binding interaction of indolizines 4c with InhA binding domain (PDB 5G0S). Ligand and receptor were represented as solmon and cyan respectively. Hydrogen bonding contact is shown with green dotted lines. π–π, π–sulphur and hydrophobic interactions are shown with magenta, gold and violet, respectively. For displaying key bingind interaction, NAD has been omitted", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1548, "image": "15748.jpg", "report": " Autofluorescence signal in the well-vascularized parathyroid gland detected", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1549, "image": "13000.jpg", "report": " detail at higher magnification of squamous nature consisting in keratin pearl (original magnification ×100", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1550, "image": "14551.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of A2780 spheroids treated with cisplatin. The spheroids were cultured for 48 h with cisplatin (10 μM) and then stained with PI (red, dead cells), Hoechst 33258 (blue fluorescence, nuclei), and additionally with CellTrackerGreen (green fluorescence, cytoplasm). Spheroids were photographed under an epifluorescence microscope Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U equipped with digital color camera (10 × PlanFluor objective, scale bar 50 μm, focus on dead PI-stained cells). Contrast images of A2780 spheroid morphology were captured using the differential interference contrast (DIC, Nomarski) focusing on spheroid boundary", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1551, "image": "304.jpg", "report": " Lean Pekin duck (LPD", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1552, "image": "16260.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localisation of Hc-ACOX-1 without peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) and peroxisomes in HEK293T cells. Hc-ACOX-1 without PTS1 is designated as Hc-ACOX-1 (-). Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused ACOX-1 is expressed in HEK293T cells and the nuclei are stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Red fluorescence indicates RFP/peroxisome protein expressed in peroxisome. Scale bar: 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1553, "image": "9079.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of acetal (yield strength 68 MPa) with blade cutting at 100 (top) and 500 (bottom) µm depth d", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1554, "image": "15033.jpg", "report": " bright-field TEM image of the extracted cross-section sample, in which the labels mark SAD (selected area electron diffraction) locations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1555, "image": "4351.jpg", "report": " Quantitative densitometric analyses showing the expression of CTGF and collagen I in the atrial tissue induced by the subcutaneous infusion of Ang‐II (n = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1556, "image": "4986.jpg", "report": " Histological sections of H & E staining in the hippocampus of mice receiving simvastatin, showing endothelial capillary proliferation (arrow) (magnification ×10)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1557, "image": "10249.jpg", "report": " RS1 expression in uninjected Rs1-KO mice retina (left panel) and AAV8-RS1–injected retina (right panel) at 5 weeks after treatment (P49). Retinal sections were immunolabeled with anti-RS1 antibody (dilution 1:1000) and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Gene transfer into Rs1-KO mice retina lead to strong expression of RS1 protein (red) in inner segments (IS) of photoreceptors and OPL and along bipolar cell processes, similar to that seen in WT mouse retina. The untreated retinas from Rs1-KO mice showed no RS1 labeling and displayed schisis cavities and bipolar cell layer disorganization. Scale bars: 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1558, "image": "3889.jpg", "report": " Immunoperoxidase stain for CK", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1559, "image": "15876.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of GKN2 expression in gastric tissues", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1560, "image": "4292.jpg", "report": " Stacked violin plots showing the gene expression distribution (columns) of AJ, TJ, AB polarity and metalloproteinases (MPs) genes in pEpi (n = 2215) versus Epi (n = 1929). Color corresponds to normalized median gene expression for each group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1561, "image": "3542.jpg", "report": " top view images (12,000×) of CN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1562, "image": "8376.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localization of Os4BGlu10-GFP in tobacco epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1563, "image": "10335.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopy images of sagittal sections of the ruptured aorta stained with Masson’s trichrome at 5× magnification. The size bar is 1mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1564, "image": "14134.jpg", "report": " Elucidating the ability of the microbial toxin VP8 and the Ca2+ chelator EGTA to affect the TJ fence function by imaging caco-2 cell monolayers. In control cells (lower left), imaging of the diffusion marker Bodipy-Sphingomyelin-BSA (green) revealed a staining restricted to the apical cell layer. After addition of either VP8 (top) or EGTA (lower right) clear baso-lateral membrane staining of Bodipy-Sphingomyelin-BSA is evident (see white arrows). Reproduced from ref. 35 with permission from The Company of Biologists Ltd, copyright 2004", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1565, "image": "7028.jpg", "report": " Electron tomography of stomach contents at 3 dpt from an infected neonate for an experiment as in (A), revealing free viruses in the stomach. Inset: Details of a single cell-free MLV particle within the sample volume. Scale bars as indicated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1566, "image": "1022.jpg", "report": " Relative amounts of various lymphocyte subsets in PBMC of patients and healthy donors. The percentages of CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ cells were detected by FACS after isolation of PBMC from healthy donors (HD, n = 5), SSc patients (n = 4), and patients with GPA (n = 3).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1567, "image": "9322.jpg", "report": " Composite images for marker combinations with respective LTA staining and negative staining for IL-10. DAPI nuclear staining in the lower right. Arrows depict the same cell, being representative of the respective B cell subpopulation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1568, "image": "1870.jpg", "report": " Quantitative analyses of BV/TV (%).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1569, "image": "8535.jpg", "report": " Cumulative histograms of the number of mRNA particles per anti-S100b labeled cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1570, "image": "7253.jpg", "report": " Quantitation of CMIP abundance in glomeruli of MCNS, FSGS, and controls (five biopsies each). All glomeruli from each biopsy were quantified, except those with advanced sclerosis. The abundance of CMIP was assessed by quantifying the specific glomerular fluorescence intensity (lining the capillary loops) in 3‐D stacks of images taken by confocal microscopy. The area of specific labeling (F) was normalized with respect to total glomerular area (S = labeled area/total area). The semi‐quantification (Q) of site‐specific fluorescent labeling (F) was determined as follows: Q = F x S, using Image J software. Data represent the means ± SD (**p = 0.0012; Kruskal‐Wallis test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1571, "image": "14615.jpg", "report": " Frequency histogram of mitochondria size (nm2) n > 100, using at least five different cells of each condition CTRL (n = 2) and IPF (n = 2).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1572, "image": "7905.jpg", "report": " SEM image and EDX analysis of D12S_MKP_2_Cr0.5 paste at ×500 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1573, "image": "996.jpg", "report": " Tri-color elemental maps (area indicated by red box) for P, Si, and Ca (b,e", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1574, "image": "3042.jpg", "report": " Normal liver of a control group animal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1575, "image": "12501.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical finding: the tumor demonstrated positivity for neurosecretory tumor profiles including partial positivity for CD 56, slight positivity for synaptophysin, and negativity for chromogranin A. The immunohistochemical profile was similar to that of the primary lung cancer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1576, "image": "13677.jpg", "report": " smear staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showing gram-variable branched bacill", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1577, "image": "10010.jpg", "report": " Rostral pons sections and higher magnification insets showing PrPSc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1578, "image": "13095.jpg", "report": " Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; first row–total transmitted intensity (a.u.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1579, "image": "9913.jpg", "report": " Evolution of contraction of the cell-laden bioprinted low-concentration L-ECM (LC-L-ECM) and high-concentration L-ECM (HC-L-ECM) structures at days 1, 4 and 7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1580, "image": "5295.jpg", "report": " Peritubular capillary in the cortex. Pericytes positive for multiple markers are visible on the basal aspect of CD31+ capillaries (arrows). Note the close association of CD146 with the endothelium. PDGFR‐β+ interstitial cells that are negative for other pericyte markers are widely distributed (arrowheads). Similar expression patterns are observed in the outer medulla. Asterisks indicate a tubule", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1581, "image": "4922.jpg", "report": " The large intestine had eosinophil infiltration (white arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1582, "image": "8622.jpg", "report": " The SEM image of cutting edge of PCD skiving cutter at 400 mm/s scanning speed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1583, "image": "2630.jpg", "report": " Hepcidin expression in endothelial cells of blood vessel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1584, "image": "13173.jpg", "report": " Fre8-dTom in vacuolar system in serum.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1585, "image": "1306.jpg", "report": " Live/dead cell staining (live, green; dead, red) of PDO lines treated with omacetaxine at dose-limiting concentrations. Note that, at 100 nM, normal liver cells stained mostly green (alive), while HCC cells stained mostly red (dead). Scale bars: 200 µM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1586, "image": "3961.jpg", "report": " The expression plasmid (pYM-13) coding for HA-tagged E1 was expressed in BHK-21 cells using the vaccinia virus MVA T7 expression system. As a control, a version of the plasmid coding for an E1 protein with a carboxy-terminal deletion of 52 aa was transfected in parallel as a control. Expressed proteins were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids. From the supernatant (SN) and cell lysate (CL) of the transfected cells, proteins reacting with a specific antiserum directed against the HA tag were precipitated. The samples were treated with PNGase F and then separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The labeled proteins were detected on imaging plates. Unfortunately, the anti-HA sera that we tested all reacted only weakly in precipitation experiments, so that long exposure times resulting in a quite high background were needed.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1587, "image": "9927.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the surface of sodium phytate doped PANI at a magnification of 20 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1588, "image": "1291.jpg", "report": " High-magnification image of a GFP AV–treated neurite turning in response to an aggrecan border and Cre AV–treated neurites crossing through the stripe border. Scale bar: 50 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1589, "image": "3234.jpg", "report": " 16 months later, she was diagnosed with a 27-mm-large triple negative breast cancer with histologic grade 3 and Ki67 72% (blue frame)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1590, "image": "16769.jpg", "report": " Deconvolved STED images showing detailed beta-tubulin reactivity at the periphery of a LB.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1591, "image": "15308.jpg", "report": " SEM image with scale bar = 5 µm, magnification of (b)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1592, "image": "7003.jpg", "report": " The morphology observed by TEM for the Hong Kong strain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1593, "image": "12454.jpg", "report": " Stage 37–3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1594, "image": "6215.jpg", "report": " Control;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1595, "image": "14847.jpg", "report": " M1 macrophage marker TNFα (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1596, "image": "3521.jpg", "report": " Surfaces of PLA + (NFC + PL) filament captured by SEM (magnification: 60×) and stereomicroscope (magnification: 20×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1597, "image": "517.jpg", "report": " Mouse kidneys were permeabilized and co-immunostained with anti-ARL15 and anti-CNNM2. Merged pictures stained for ARL15 in green, CNNM2 in red and DAPI (nuclei) in blue. Bar in figure A and B represents 5 μm, bar in figure C represents 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1598, "image": "2669.jpg", "report": " The observation of stomatal aperture of OE, WT and VC lines photographed by biomicroscope (DM2500, Leica). Different letters indicate the significant differences at p < 0.05", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1599, "image": "4577.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy of HaCaT for nuclei (DAPI staining), F-actin (rhodamine-phalloidin staining), and CD95/Fas (anti-CD95/Fas rabbit pAb and secondary anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with rhodamine) (63x objective magnification).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1600, "image": "7040.jpg", "report": " Ordinary light channe", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1601, "image": "630.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence detection of NZ5328 in the small intestine of the C57BL/6 mouse ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1602, "image": "89.jpg", "report": " Cross-sectional image below branch points of PNRT1.13:NRT1.13-GFP plants grown with 2 mM KNO3 for 21∼25 day", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1603, "image": "16820.jpg", "report": " In situ aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM images of 10%Pt/XC-72R", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1604, "image": "9203.jpg", "report": " Structural features of globular particles at ×500 and ×835 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1605, "image": "12926.jpg", "report": " Low magnification (b) and high magnification (c) immunostainings of an induced heterotopion and its corresponding contralateral control region taken from a P30 mouse, showing increased oligodendrocyte CNPase expression associated with the heterotopion, as defined by the ectopically positioned NeuN+ neuronal cell bodies in layer I (b, white arrowheads). Notice the more horizontal orientation of myelin segments located closer to the pial surface of the heterotopion (c, blue arrowhead). Deeper myelin segments, in contrast, are organized in a more radial fashion (c, blue arrow) and fasciculate into densely myelinated fiber bundles that project through lower cortical layers (b, white arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1606, "image": "13279.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining observed in the pathological changes of kidney tissue in each group. The magnification of upper images is 100‐fold (scale bar: 100 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1607, "image": "2915.jpg", "report": " specimen failed under intermediate strain rate loadin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1608, "image": "10925.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence intensity in AS lesion area of mouse aorta at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of CMSN@SRT@Anti", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1609, "image": "11503.jpg", "report": " The raw output for the first attribute being evaluated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1610, "image": "1365.jpg", "report": " Representative images of the 10-week OH-BBN induced bladder sections from female C57BL/6 mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1611, "image": "8310.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the sample after 30 min of Au3+ and TiO2 hydrate suspension irradiated by femtosecond laser;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1612, "image": "16104.jpg", "report": " Differentiation ratio of proliferative cells in DG", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1613, "image": "16435.jpg", "report": " photograph of the tissue sample with vital tumor (metastasis of breast cancer)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1614, "image": "9827.jpg", "report": " Scattered cells including a resting cell highlighted by a black square, along with its magnified view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1615, "image": "1445.jpg", "report": " Schematic representation of a transverse section of the spinal cord illustrating the expression of the Barhl2GFP transgene used in this study to genetically delineate dI1 neurons (gray) at E11.5", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1616, "image": "10575.jpg", "report": " Confocal micrographs of unstained paraffin sections with excitation 488/568/647 nm show autofluorescence in some areas on the PET carrier in addition to monkey RPE. The image shows a central area of the hESC-RPE graft", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1617, "image": "6238.jpg", "report": " Single frames (J, K) and tracks of eGFP- positive neutrophils (J′, K′) from light-sheet (Video 8) showing neutrophils labelled by eGFP and basal keratinocyte cell membranes labelled by lyn-tdTomato in the trunk of a 3dpf Tg(krtt1c19e:lyn-tdtomato)sq16 larva treated with 0.1% DMSO (J, J′) or 37.5 ng/ml PMA (K, K′) for 18 hr, and imaged every 20 s for 30 min. Track colour in (J′, K′) denotes mean velocity (dark blue 0.0 – red 0.2)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1618, "image": "10382.jpg", "report": " Widespread, subtle subendothelial widening is noted on electron microscopy, without the presence of any immune deposits (original magnification: 4800x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1619, "image": "10978.jpg", "report": " SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å images (c1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1620, "image": "5944.jpg", "report": " Positive expression for α-actin in ASMCs (immunocytochemical staining, ×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1621, "image": "6507.jpg", "report": " GLUT1 immunohistochemical stain of the same lesion showing strong diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous staining throughout the tumor, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1622, "image": "7839.jpg", "report": " high-speed images of droplet and silicon particles. Particles trajectories are shown in the figure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1623, "image": "14621.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence observation of tYFP-NLS driven by LjβCA1 promoter in developing root nodule at 3 wpi. Nuclei accumulating a green signal in the GFP channel show the fluorescence of tYFP-NLS reporter. The red signal in the mCherry channel shows the fluorescence of mCherry-labeled rhizobia. BF, bright field. Merged images of the BF, GFP, and mCherry channels were shown. vb, vascular bundle; p, primordia; iz, infected zone; co, cortical cell layers; ic, infected cell; uc, uninfected cell. Scale bar, 200 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1624, "image": "14798.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification pictures of Trop2 stained tumorsphere inside the Matrigel drop (left) and invaded cells at the protruding edge (right) of LNCaP-Trop2-OV cells in 3D Matrigel drop invasion assay by Leica stereomicroscope. Scale bars represent 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1625, "image": "9749.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the fibre cross-section of PGS-PCL fibres. The core-shell structure of PGS-PCL fibres was confirmed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1626, "image": "15691.jpg", "report": " Detail of cranial nerves of larva 1 from the dorsolateral view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1627, "image": "5133.jpg", "report": " Domain structure of desmoglein-2 (modified from Awad et al. (14)). SS, single peptide sequence; Pro, propeptide; EC, EC subdomains; EA, EC anchor; TM, transmembrane domain; IA, intracellular anchor; ICS, intracellular cadherin-typical sequence; IPL, intracellular proline-rich linker; RUD, repeated-unit domains; DTD, desmoglein-specific terminal domain. The R119X mutation is located in the EC1 domain.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1628, "image": "15841.jpg", "report": " Phylotype 3 (PT3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1629, "image": "12583.jpg", "report": " Specimen suitable for histologic and cytologic diagnosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1630, "image": "917.jpg", "report": " Light microscopic observation of protoplast release after treatment with cell wall-degrading enzymes for 2 h at 30°C, arrows indicates the non-degraded hypha. Bar = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1631, "image": "11949.jpg", "report": " Using the projection image of the non-planar PVD neuron, an outline image is generated using morphological operations applied to the neuron’s trace. This is used to find the neuron’s centerline and borderline", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1632, "image": "11050.jpg", "report": " Chloroplast localization of targeted YC3.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1633, "image": "5067.jpg", "report": " ×40 magnification demonstrating the monodispersity (PDI = 1.6%) and morphology on an inverted microscope. Scale bar is 29 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1634, "image": "6756.jpg", "report": " stipitipelli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1635, "image": "4657.jpg", "report": " Confocal images of DR5rev::GFP in Col-0 (left), spt (centre) and hat3 athb4 (right) at stages 5 and 6 (top), stages 8 and 9 (middle) and stage 10 (bottom) of gynoecium development. In the side view pictures (black background), chlorophyll autofluorescence is shown in red, while the gynoecium outline indicates the top-view of auxin dynamics. In the merged confocal/bright field top view pictures (light background), the schematic drawings in the bottom right corner indicate the confocal plane of the images. Dashed circles indicate the medial auxin foci. White arrows indicate the adaxial valve tissues. Scale bars represent 20 μm. Similar results were obtained from four independent experiments", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1636, "image": "7521.jpg", "report": " Leaf mesophyll cell of CY-927 (primed with 0.01 µM EBL) at the control level.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1637, "image": "4965.jpg", "report": " MIPs of COS-7 cells transfected with Mito-mCherry-syndapin I and GFP-Cobl-like1-74", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1638, "image": "8300.jpg", "report": " SEM image with 500× magnification of referenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1639, "image": "16756.jpg", "report": " 3D reconstruction based on deconvolved CSLM images showing a lamellar distribution of different aSyn PTMs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1640, "image": "4675.jpg", "report": " Confocal (top) and SEM (bottom) images of pAS2:HAT3:YFP/hat3 athb4 gynoecia at stage 9 (top) and stage 12 (bottom) of development. Scale bar represents 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1641, "image": "229.jpg", "report": " Another example of a lateral ablation (three or four cells apart) at I1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1642, "image": "9088.jpg", "report": " Shape transformation of GUV leading to a final budded conformation, s = 5 mM, α = 0.92;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1643, "image": "2055.jpg", "report": " Cultured primary astrocytes were fixed, stained with 25 μM N-TASQ, antibodies against GFAP, and DAPI, and imaged with a confocal microscope. Note numerous N-TASQ-positive structures in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Scale bar, 10 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1644, "image": "8495.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the cross-sectional structures of the calcium-alginate hydrogel balls under control conditions with a working pressure of 101 kPa", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1645, "image": "15668.jpg", "report": " Tomato leaf with eDNA treatmen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1646, "image": "8057.jpg", "report": " Histological image of the immunohistochemical detection of anti-inflammatory cells within the PAP at day 90 post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1647, "image": "15434.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence analysis showing increased DAT (green fluorescence) expression of the transfection group compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Scale bar = 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1648, "image": "14875.jpg", "report": " Histology of subcutaneous evaluation of 9-Weeks Post-implantation. Photomicrographs (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×40/×400 magnification. (Pratix Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1649, "image": "5134.jpg", "report": " Result of direct Sanger sequence analysis using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and his parents. Both parents (I-1 and I-2) were heterozygous for the C355T mutation, and the patient carried the homozygous C355T mutation in DSG2. Coding for the arginine residue (R) was changed to a stop codon (TGA).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1650, "image": "1222.jpg", "report": " The strong and patchy staining distribution of CAIX co-localized with YAP/TAZ expression in most cases.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1651, "image": "9420.jpg", "report": " Photograph of the BPM cationic surface in contact with caseinate after EDBM in PEF mode carried out at a flow rate corresponding to a Reynolds number of 187 and a pause duration of 1 s. The red circle indicates an area with the highest amount of deposit", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1652, "image": "13205.jpg", "report": " Group subjected to waterpipe tobacco smoke inhalation for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of ×40. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1653, "image": "6969.jpg", "report": " Area of demyelination in plaque (pinkish color of PAS)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1654, "image": "8583.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 28 with magnification 20×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1655, "image": "6203.jpg", "report": " Confocal and RESOLFT overview image", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1656, "image": "10204.jpg", "report": " resected tumor - patella. Chondrosarcoma G3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1657, "image": "9961.jpg", "report": " TEM results for heat-inactivated cells adsorbed PA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1658, "image": "3531.jpg", "report": " Scanned picture of WF biocomposite after biodegradation test in the laboratory.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1659, "image": "10415.jpg", "report": " This grid was removed from the microscope and subsequently heated to 50°C for 10 minutes prior to re-freezing in liquid nitrogen. An image (left) and its diffraction pattern (right) are shown. Note the disappearance of the grainy background material and the improved diffraction pattern. We also note that the MicroED structure determined from these crystals matches the experimentally collected XRPD pattern and therefore we do not believe that heating caused a form change in this case", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1660, "image": "9230.jpg", "report": " Morphological changes observed at magnification of 4×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1661, "image": "3780.jpg", "report": " Z-line streaming at electron microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1662, "image": "2033.jpg", "report": " γH2AX immunostaining counterstained with hematoxylin shows very few γH2AX foci in different brain regions of postnatal day 4 (P4) mice without irradiation including dorsal pallium(DPall) /isocortex layer I (DPall-I) and pia mater (A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1663, "image": "14477.jpg", "report": " homogeneous loosened collage", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1664, "image": "6051.jpg", "report": " Micrograph taken from a 140 μm thick coronal section of the midbrain showing ChR2-YFP endogenous fluorescence, overlaid with the brain atlas. Scale bar: 500 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1665, "image": "8568.jpg", "report": " TEM image of MSN sample at high magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1666, "image": "9758.jpg", "report": " Images of two VM-M3 cells moderately filled with mNPs, at various exposure times to laser light, at 10× magnification (light power density ∅inc ≈ 6 × 107 W·m−2).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1667, "image": "8556.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of developing human spinal cord with different serotonin receptors (sr1)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1668, "image": "6049.jpg", "report": " Thickening of the arterial vessel wall in the control group (stain: hematoxylin-eosin, magnification: x100).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1669, "image": "15422.jpg", "report": " The biopsy with Jones silver stain that is without spikes or pinhole vacuolations detected by light microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1670, "image": "4018.jpg", "report": " Sample image for mild severity level", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1671, "image": "4061.jpg", "report": " Structural TEM analysis (including electron diffraction (SADP)) with identification of precious metals for nanocomposites such as RGO/TiO2 (40 wt%)-Ag (1 wt%)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1672, "image": "7578.jpg", "report": " Inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein with prominent duodenal congestion (low, control). Reestablished blood flow (upper, BPC 157), congestion, and vascular failure (low, control).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1673, "image": "13879.jpg", "report": " EBSD images showing quality (IQ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1674, "image": "10597.jpg", "report": " Goldner staining showed a great increase in osteoid in the Hyp bone", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1675, "image": "16893.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence images of cGMP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1676, "image": "1772.jpg", "report": " EtOH fed + LP-HFY09, mice treated with 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY09 before ethanol-treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1677, "image": "2916.jpg", "report": " specimens failed under high strain rate loadin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1678, "image": "2364.jpg", "report": " Quantitative analysis of the relative intensity of adherent T24 and RT4 cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1679, "image": "2130.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining for EBP50 (red) and F-actin (phalloidin, green) on retina sections showed disorganized microvilli in 1-month-old cKO RPE cells, and microvilli loss (arrows) in RPE cells of 9-month-old cKO mice compared to age-matched control. Mag: magnified area outlined in merged image. DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1680, "image": "7079.jpg", "report": " Overview of ulcerated polypoid jejunal metastasis from undifferentiated NSCLC.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1681, "image": "1856.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrographs of H&E staining, PAS staining, and Masson staining in the kidney. Scale bars, 50 μm in H&E and PAS staining, and 20 μm in Masson staining.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1682, "image": "7663.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the cavity prepared with a water jet and its axial wall edge and bottom.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1683, "image": "9770.jpg", "report": " Biofilm of C. albicans + CF early at 5000× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1684, "image": "2151.jpg", "report": " Representative histologic lesions from Asian elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease fatalities. Lung, Martius, scarlet and blue, × 10. Multifocal intravascular fibrin thrombi (arrowheads) fibrin deposits within alveolar spaces (arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1685, "image": "9877.jpg", "report": " Close-up of the tobacco cell wall between adjacent epidermis cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1686, "image": "5901.jpg", "report": " Visualization of the proposed atomic model of rhombic dodecahedral shape", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1687, "image": "10500.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of normal control rat lung stained with haematoxylin and eosin (Scale bar = 100 μm, original magnification x 100).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1688, "image": "14901.jpg", "report": " FTIR results of the 3D rGO/PPY before and after Sr modification, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1689, "image": "15173.jpg", "report": " EDS spectrum of point 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1690, "image": "5390.jpg", "report": " villus length measurement (M ×100; H&E). Villi were measured parallel to the center of the villus from the luminal tip to the crypt transition", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1691, "image": "9879.jpg", "report": " Optical micrograph of the investigated face C (see Figure 1), which is divided into edge, middle and core areas following visual observation of fibre degradation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1692, "image": "8646.jpg", "report": " Cu(II) loade", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1693, "image": "9658.jpg", "report": " a scaffold seeded with MC3T3-E1 cells only (scale bar: 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1694, "image": "7363.jpg", "report": " Cell-seeded scaffolds were clearly covered with matrix deposition after 21 days of culture at 200× and 6000×x magnifications and scale bars represents 500, 20 μm (n = 3)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1695, "image": "14822.jpg", "report": " Earlier spine expression (30 dpf) was concentrated along the dorsal midline, especially at the base of the spines (20× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1696, "image": "14446.jpg", "report": " Negative (magnification: 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1697, "image": "16072.jpg", "report": " a network of blood vessels built over the entire volume of OCT data (z=1800 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1698, "image": "1843.jpg", "report": " Representative images of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) measurements (left panel) and their quantification (right panel, n = 5). Data were normalized to 106 cells and then compared. For panels (A,C), 15–20 images from three experiments were analyzed. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post hoc test (C), t-test (D), or one-sample t-test (E) were used with **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.005. Scale bars: 50 μm (A–C) or 10 μm [(B) magnified panels]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1699, "image": "5194.jpg", "report": " Histological validation showing the presence of MSCs surrounded in connective tissue (CT) and muscle (M) in hematoxylin and eosin at × 10 magnification (scale bar 500 μm).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1700, "image": "793.jpg", "report": " Low power view shows renal cortex with focal large fractured casts (far left on tissue edge) and interstitial expansion by edema and mononuclear leukocytes. A glomerulus appears unremarkable (H & E, × 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1701, "image": "13749.jpg", "report": " representative best quality orbital and eyeball staining images for Protocol 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1702, "image": "14235.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry analysis the expression of MUC2 and MUC3A in colon tissue from DSS and PD treatment mice, black arrow mark the protein (n ≥ 4)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1703, "image": "7452.jpg", "report": " Observation in epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the adaxial face of the leaf blade excited at the UV range. Note the small blue spots at the end of the midrib (open arrow), and at each tooth of the dentate blade (arrows); the latter are shown at higher magnification in bright field and fluorescence microscopy upon excitation in the UV range and blue range, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1704, "image": "3487.jpg", "report": " self-healing ability of PEO30e;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1705, "image": "13635.jpg", "report": " Representative histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining of tissue samples collected from vaccinated pigs upon CSFV lethal challenge", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1706, "image": "14991.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the Ni@a-SnOx NWs sample after 1500 charge-discharge cycles.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1707, "image": "639.jpg", "report": " RTLs of selected genes involved in cell wall synthesis of the WT and ΔAoMkk1 mutant at different time points", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1708, "image": "16183.jpg", "report": " Lung biopsy stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1709, "image": "8740.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of extracted hydrogel constructs at increasing magnification for all groups (cell only, MNPs +magnet, MNPs −magnet) at day 7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1710, "image": "16551.jpg", "report": " Top view of an Mem-mNG isosurface rendering provides depth for 3D visualization of ruffle extension. Dual-color volumetric intensity display comparing the recruitment of AktPH-mSc to early and expanding ruffles as well as sealed macropinosomes (region 21 × 19 µm x, y)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1711, "image": "8048.jpg", "report": " Histological image of the former tunica intima after (A–C) 10, (D–F) 30, (G–I) 60, (J–L) 90, and (M–O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40× magnification, scale bars = 20 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1712, "image": "5600.jpg", "report": " the Ki-67 (magnification, x100) index of neuroendocrine tumour cells was 90%, while that of squamous cell tumours was 40%", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1713, "image": "14285.jpg", "report": " Eosin-counterstained sagittal paraffin sections showing LacZ-expression in the glomeruli of the kidney (open arrowheads pointing to glomeruli showing weaker XGal staining due to reduced penetration of staining reagents into tissue).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1714, "image": "395.jpg", "report": " 9-μm sagittal section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1715, "image": "641.jpg", "report": " Observation of hyphal cells by TEM. Bar = 1 μm (WT) or 0.5 μm (mutants). Black arrow: separation of cell wall and cell membrane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1716, "image": "16993.jpg", "report": " Representative observations in transmission electron microscopy (n = 5 per group, magnification, × 15000) of mice glomerulus from blank control group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1717, "image": "3257.jpg", "report": " Myofibrillar protein accumulation as shown by myotilin staining is present in several fibers in DAB immunostainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1718, "image": "913.jpg", "report": " TEM images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1719, "image": "9499.jpg", "report": " Simultaneous CARS imaging of axonal myelin and TPEF imaging of Oregon green 488 represented by red and green colors. The grayscale inset image is an XZ image showing the cross-section of axons", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1720, "image": "9739.jpg", "report": " Detail corresponding to the BMP + MMP-H group that shows active bone neoformation in the peripheral area of the scaffold", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1721, "image": "9228.jpg", "report": " Cross-section CLSM picture of PS material with alginate immobilized bacteria in normal mode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1722, "image": "7015.jpg", "report": " No detectable t-GRASP signal in subesophageal ganglion without expression of pre-t-GRASP fragment in MDN (24 hr APF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1723, "image": "6037.jpg", "report": " Enlargement reveals free standing HAP platelets inside the disruption zone around the hole, indicating the loss of the supporting collagen matrix. The plates are larger than expected, the largest are over 100 nm long and show 60–80 nm in width. The collagen fibrils underneath, showing typical striation pattern, are still present and are not affected by the local removal of collagen in the neighbored area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1724, "image": "12351.jpg", "report": " Quantification of Tau enrichment in the soma of primary neurons. Fluorescence intensities of cell bodies were quantified and normalized to control-treated neurons after 3 h of treatment. N = 4, 30 cells were analyzed for each condition. Error bars represent SEM. Statistical analysis was done by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance: ****p < 0.0001", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1725, "image": "13704.jpg", "report": " Typical immunohistochemical image of squamous cell lung cancer with strong expression of ASS1 by cancer cells indicated by an arrow", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1726, "image": "6786.jpg", "report": " The DON + SCO group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1727, "image": "9402.jpg", "report": " TEM observations revealing the δ phase and γ″ phase on TD–RD plane in 940-TD sample", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1728, "image": "11435.jpg", "report": " Chloroplast avoidance in the fer-4 mutants under DL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1729, "image": "5396.jpg", "report": " Spearman’s rank correlations (rs) between nerve-evoked MDP and the submucosal and detrusor muscle layer inflammation scores.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1730, "image": "13751.jpg", "report": " representative best quality orbital and eyeball staining images for Protocol 7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1731, "image": "7638.jpg", "report": " Vaginal melanoma. Tumor cells organized in nests, some fusiform-looking cells (Hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×10.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1732, "image": "2303.jpg", "report": " The protein levels of survivin, Bcl−2, and GAPDH in the heart tissue of mice were measured by Western blotting (n = 8/group). Representative images are shown. * Significant difference compared to the control (p < 0.05). † Significant difference compared to DOX treatment (p < 0.05)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1733, "image": "12898.jpg", "report": " High magnification pictures from a variety of nuclei, where different axonal morphologies are represented. Note the general varicose morphology, with the thicker varicosities present in midline nuclei (Pvc, Cdc), Pf, and VAvm. In general, intervaricose segments were thin, with calibers ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 μm; sometimes the intervaricose regions of the axons were unidentifiable (e.g., VAvm). Varicosities ranged from 0.5 to 3 μm. In the upper right corner, scaled lines and dots with the mentioned calibers are depicted, for comparison with the microphotographs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1734, "image": "15009.jpg", "report": " Bone-inspired nano-scale trabeculae created by solid-state laser etching in the present study. Trabecular bone in the epiphysis of rat femur (SEM image) and the surface of a zirconia cylinder with 40 μm-high spikes (high-magnification SEM image) are presented", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1735, "image": "15574.jpg", "report": " Quantification of different slices from n = 5 rats each group. Red rectangles indicate the median, blue rectangles individual data points", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1736, "image": "5952.jpg", "report": " Effect of 2 Hz EA at contralesional BL8 and BL7 points on infarction volume in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats using TTC stain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1737, "image": "14810.jpg", "report": " Micromorphology of cells in water: (e) after 2 months", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1738, "image": "710.jpg", "report": " Nephrin loss and ETAR-positive endothelium colocalized within the same glomeruli. Areas of nephrin loss were positive for an endothelial pattern of ETAR, whereas areas with normal linear nephrin expression did not show ETAR positivity", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1739, "image": "5397.jpg", "report": " low power image of an obturator nerve near the coaptation site (×10 magnification) showing extensive fibrosis. H&E staining.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1740, "image": "11111.jpg", "report": " MM.1S cells were visualized by transmitted light microscopy (upper left). Expression of CD38 was detected by conventional wide-field fluorescence microscopy (upper right) and dSTORM (lower left). Small panels display magnification of boxed regions revealing the enhanced single-molecule sensitivity of dSTORM. Scale bars, 2 and 0.2 µm (magnification).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1741, "image": "3923.jpg", "report": " A strong SATB-2 expression was seen in the majority of tumor cells (×200)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1742, "image": "1020.jpg", "report": " Luciferase expression in the liver on day 8 after AAV1-Luc or AAV8-Luc administratio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1743, "image": "11242.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC6 antibody on the dilated pancreatic duct. The presence of MUC6-immunoreactive cells suggested pyloric gland metaplasia in the atypical pancreatic epithelium. The magnification of the micrograph is 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1744, "image": "10156.jpg", "report": " surface of lentil pods of L. cul. Indianhead at 180X magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1745, "image": "2102.jpg", "report": " Electron micrographs and", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1746, "image": "9864.jpg", "report": " Electron scanning microscope view of an isolated cystolith from a Parietaria judaica leaf. Photograph reproduced from [95]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1747, "image": "2849.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ti-Si coated PROTON fabric at magnification of 350×; point \"1\" is marked for EDS analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1748, "image": "13981.jpg", "report": " neutrophilic exudate within a terminal bronchiol", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1749, "image": "16544.jpg", "report": " Volumetric intensity of both Mem-mNG and AktPH-mSc show the intensity locations of the membrane ruffle and the restricted AktPH (49 × 60 µm x, y)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1750, "image": "9523.jpg", "report": " Third deposition of GO by EPD, magnification 14.1 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1751, "image": "6185.jpg", "report": " Rad21l1 loading during prophase I of meiosis in oocyte nuclear surface spreads. Panels a-e are arranged similarly to the corresponding panels of part (A)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1752, "image": "10193.jpg", "report": " TLR2, KLK5, and cathelicidin are abundant in lesional skin of individuals with rosacea as detected by immunochemical staining; the pictures were taken under ×200 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1753, "image": "1896.jpg", "report": " interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy containing lipid-laden foam cells (MA × 200", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1754, "image": "4219.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy z-projections of p38-MAPKi (SB220025-treated; n = 5) embryos immunostained for DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN (GNL3) (both displayed as inverted greyscale images). In DAPI (blue) merged images, DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN signal is pseudo-coloured yellow and red, respectively; in DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN merges, respective cyan and red pseudo-colour pallets are used", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1755, "image": "8837.jpg", "report": " Representative transformation plates showing the transformation outcome when using the inducible marker hphxyl and ptrAxyl using hygromycin or pyrithiamine respectively, for selection.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1756, "image": "3228.jpg", "report": " Schematics of the constructs used for the GFP tagging experiments.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1757, "image": "4483.jpg", "report": " representative image of wildtype muscles in 3rd instar larva", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1758, "image": "4792.jpg", "report": " A sectioned view demonstrating the sensor’s internal structure as well as its potential for active palpation. Pressurizing the sensor achieves linear actuation (max of 7 mm) through expanding the soft tactile membrane, and thus additionally modifies its effective stiffness", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1759, "image": "3849.jpg", "report": " Representative image of M. truncatula root nodule section of the oxVTC2 line upon inoculation with E. meliloti bacteria constitutively expressing LacZ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1760, "image": "7036.jpg", "report": " Alignment of human TPD54/TPD52L2 (UniProt accession no. O43399), TPD53/TPD52L1 (UniProt accession no. Q16890) and TDP52/TPD52 (UniProt accession no. P55327). Numbers indicate residue positions in TPD54. Pink highlighted area represents the coiled-coil domain (predicted with PCOILS, window size 28). Blue underlining indicates C-terminal conserved region. Gray shadowing shows positively charged residues. Lettering: teal, fully conserved residues; purple, strongly similar (>0.5 in the Gonnet PAM 250 matrix); and yellow, weakly similar (<0.5 in the Gonnet PAM 250 matrix)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1761, "image": "8500.jpg", "report": " intact seminiferous tubule (diameter 270 micrometers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1762, "image": "10453.jpg", "report": " Representative image of jejunal morphology of experimental ducks in Group 5 (40 × magnification). Intestinal tissue sample was processed with hematoxylin and eosin stain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1763, "image": "3786.jpg", "report": " Cross-section of a microchannel topography highlighting different geometrical spaces within the ELR matrix defined by the topographies including 90°, 180°, and 270° angles.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1764, "image": "13390.jpg", "report": " aberrations restored from INNM with and without TV", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1765, "image": "16191.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent image of β2 of the GABAA receptor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1766, "image": "1112.jpg", "report": " IHC staining of nestin at 12 weeks in groups III (e, f", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1767, "image": "12777.jpg", "report": " CBC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1768, "image": "14562.jpg", "report": " Double immunohistochemical staining for S100 (red) and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) (brown) confirming perineural invasion (original magnification for c: 200×, for d: 400×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1769, "image": "3244.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of planula body wall. Bar, 20 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1770, "image": "2890.jpg", "report": " The structure of friction surfaces after tests performed under a load of 120 N on the samples of the combined coating made from the AlSi12 alloy with the addition of tin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1771, "image": "7083.jpg", "report": " Tumor cells show hyperexpression of p53.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1772, "image": "16103.jpg", "report": " HE staining shows more bone formation in SrSiP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1773, "image": "8023.jpg", "report": " SEM image of fillers at 5000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1774, "image": "995.jpg", "report": " Tri-color elemental maps (area indicated by red box) for Fe, Si, and Ca (c,f", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1775, "image": "6844.jpg", "report": " 1 % (v/v", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1776, "image": "1638.jpg", "report": " Solid adencarcinoma with signet ring cell features", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1777, "image": "4019.jpg", "report": " Sample image for severe severity level", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1778, "image": "16116.jpg", "report": " DAPI-stained sections of DG and GCL, which were quantified by measure DG volume (G), GCL volume (H), and GCL thickness (I)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1779, "image": "4536.jpg", "report": " 3DSIM of podocyte foot processes stained with nephrin and OST48 localization", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1780, "image": "12705.jpg", "report": " Kidney of BALB/c mice stained with hematoxylin and eosin, before intervention.Analysis on normal BALB/c control kidney (upper and lower left) revealed mild tubulo-nephritis changes, with minimal mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation and capillaritis. Significant interstitial infiltration (25–50% field) only happens in one member of normal BALB/c group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1781, "image": "7019.jpg", "report": " Lack of t-GRASP signals between MDN and Pair1 in subesophageal ganglion (24 hr APF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1782, "image": "8502.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence for insulin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1783, "image": "15141.jpg", "report": " Morphology of SAS CRR cells that were knocked down miR-7-5p", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1784, "image": "8258.jpg", "report": " microstructure of SD-O microcapsules after simulated gastric digestio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1785, "image": "4353.jpg", "report": " Representative images of Masson's trichrome staining of the interstitial, sub‐epicardial and perivascular regions of the atrial tissue. Blue staining indicates the fibrotic tissue. Scale bar, 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1786, "image": "9929.jpg", "report": " AFM image of drop-casted MWCNT–COOH film on a glass substrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1787, "image": "1433.jpg", "report": " TEM images of mitochondria of Ixodes ricinus oocytes colonized by at least two", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1788, "image": "16050.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microscopy pictures (bar = 1 μm) of cells of XYR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1789, "image": "1108.jpg", "report": " IHC staining of nestin at 12 weeks in groups I (a, b", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1790, "image": "15789.jpg", "report": " A general view of a spinal cord hemisection of an adult mouse immunolabeled for VAChT (red) and counterstained with fluorescent Nissl (blue) for neuron identification; the arrow points to a V0C interneuron cluster located near the central canal (delimited by a dotted line); note also the different VAChT-positive MN pools in the ventral horn", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1791, "image": "6043.jpg", "report": " The highest magnification used reveals that the zone is free of any collagen fibrils, which results in a very fragile structure.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1792, "image": "10352.jpg", "report": " Calcofluor White staining exhibits various intensities of green colour proportionally reflecting cellulose deposition in the cells around vascular bundles of STTM166b", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1793, "image": "204.jpg", "report": " Top view of 3D reconstruction of vegetative shoot apices co-expressing pDRNL:erCERULEAN/pFIL:erGFP/pUBQ10:TdTomato-Lti6b", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1794, "image": "9512.jpg", "report": " EDS analysis of the cross section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1795, "image": "9836.jpg", "report": " polypropylene (PP) with its Raman spectru", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1796, "image": "9699.jpg", "report": " Showing the burnt skin treated with 1% silver sulphadiazine demonstrating pale collagen fibers in the hypodermal region", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1797, "image": "14906.jpg", "report": " Ly6C protein expression by immunofluorescenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1798, "image": "3890.jpg", "report": " Immunoreactivity for CK18 was positive in central MEC, but negative for CK13. Scale bars, 10 mm (a), 200 μm (b–d", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1799, "image": "15439.jpg", "report": " IVCM examination before TCSI (after 5-day conventional antifungal treatment)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1800, "image": "2313.jpg", "report": " Microscopy image of native tissue stained with Alcian blue and van Gieson (100 µm; magnification 6.3 kx)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1801, "image": "9888.jpg", "report": " Dense and tightly packed standard pluripotent stem cell colony formatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1802, "image": "8303.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of the VT control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1803, "image": "13753.jpg", "report": " representative best quality orbital and eyeball staining images for Protocol ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1804, "image": "14582.jpg", "report": " Progesterone receptor staining from control belonging to the 75–100% group at ×200 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1805, "image": "9978.jpg", "report": " Lack of predicted hydrogen bonds and a predicted distance of 5.714 Å between amino acids 48E and 391E in the PB1 3M protein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1806, "image": "15252.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of the ovarian stroma obtained from a mature hen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1807, "image": "14933.jpg", "report": " The results of the SEM/EDS microstructural analyses of the cross sections of sample at magnification 89", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1808, "image": "16566.jpg", "report": " Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were detected by TEM (“↑” points to an autophagosome, “↑↑” points to an autolysosome, “N” point to a nucleus, 20,000×) (compared with the normal group, *p < 0.05; compared with the model group, #p < 0.05, n = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1809, "image": "7421.jpg", "report": " Mid and Lower panels: Immunofluorescence stains of CLcA1 (green), MUC5AC (red) and nuclear DAPI (blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1810, "image": "12409.jpg", "report": " Graph showing percentage of labeled NPCs, lipid droplets, and NEB events for normal and old cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1811, "image": "3804.jpg", "report": " The alteration of ANP content in the left ventricle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1812, "image": "1476.jpg", "report": " Representative immunostaining images of the surface-spread nuclei of the ESCs expressing individual cassette. Scale bar, 5 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1813, "image": "9081.jpg", "report": " Frequency of budding as a function of the ratio [HOA]0/[POPC]0, s = 5 mM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1814, "image": "11350.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of T. rubrum ATCC MYA-4438. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1815, "image": "1864.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical expression of CAI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1816, "image": "11984.jpg", "report": " Glial fibrillary acidic protein negative immunostaining (appropriate positive and negative controls were evaluated). Magnification scale: 180 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1817, "image": "2243.jpg", "report": " Immunoreactivity for Gαo in the cerebellar cortex using an immunoperoxidase method", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1818, "image": "2027.jpg", "report": " γH2AX immunostaining counterstained with hematoxylin shows that γH2AX foci are almost undetectable in the stratum pyramidale of CA1 area of the hippocampu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1819, "image": "12455.jpg", "report": " Stage 2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1820, "image": "468.jpg", "report": " Same as in (A) except for Ank1+/+;Dlx5/6-Cre", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1821, "image": "8790.jpg", "report": " fibroblast activation (immunohistochemistry for α-SMA), collagen deposition (Masson’s trichrome staining) and quantification, in liver section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1822, "image": "4226.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy z-projections of control (DMSO-treated; n = 7) embryos immunostained for DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN (GNL3) (both displayed as inverted greyscale images). In DAPI (blue) merged images, DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN signal is pseudo-coloured yellow and red, respectively; in DDX21 and NUCLEOSTEMIN merges, respective cyan and red pseudo-colour pallets are used", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1823, "image": "2800.jpg", "report": " The CRC sample harbouring the ETV6→NTRK3 fusion showed split-apart NTRK3 signals in about 17% of the tumour cell population (here illustrated). This FISH test meets the criteria for the identification of a genetic rearrangement involving NTRK3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1824, "image": "5341.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1825, "image": "3249.jpg", "report": " Longitudinal section with the oral concavity located at the top. Bar, 100 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1826, "image": "16822.jpg", "report": " In situ aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM images of 1%Pt/XC-72", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1827, "image": "2777.jpg", "report": " Phase contrast imaging of native and USPIO-labelled MSC spheroids with an initial cell density of 125,000 cells. The distribution of USPIOs appears as brown-colored areas (100× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1828, "image": "11096.jpg", "report": " hyperplastic vessels with fibrous thrombi (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×100", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1829, "image": "12357.jpg", "report": " Histological sections throughout various levels of the image stack corresponding to the male rat heart shown in panel (A) were evaluated to identify which clusters were distributed around the left atrium.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1830, "image": "14632.jpg", "report": " Outline of the caudate-putamen (CPu) in a posterior coronal section from the brain immunostained with the microglial marker, anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein 1 (IBA-1), and counterstained with thionin (blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1831, "image": "7824.jpg", "report": " Example of stomata counting and measuring in a control sample of Spagnolo cardoon", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1832, "image": "13527.jpg", "report": " The morphological diagrams of the doxorubicin nanopreparation after 12 hours of administration, and the partially enlarged diagram of (e", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1833, "image": "4285.jpg", "report": " LS stage FVF embryo (3 embryos) immunostained for Venus (Foxa2), N-cadherin and E-cadherin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1834, "image": "15347.jpg", "report": " Representative low magnification image of iPSC-RPE cells on transwells coated with nECM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1835, "image": "10809.jpg", "report": " Spatial band-passed filtered SICM image to highlight multiple microvilli structures", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1836, "image": "15644.jpg", "report": " Staining of CALB2 in BRAF wild-type samples at magnification ×200", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1837, "image": "3187.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 2 (×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1838, "image": "16393.jpg", "report": " Positive cells in the most caudal region of the tuberal hypothalamus.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1839, "image": "14311.jpg", "report": " Colorimetric calibrated image reconstructed from hyperspectral imaging (HSI) visible data.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1840, "image": "6216.jpg", "report": " Photograph of the ACP powder taken under light microscope (200× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1841, "image": "4975.jpg", "report": " Endogenous ERp57 with Rab1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1842, "image": "1975.jpg", "report": " Ontogeny of lower jaw movement in wildtype zebrafish larvae. Tg(isl1:GFP) larvae from 3, 5, and 7 dpf were mounted in a lateral position, under a brightfield microscope, in agarose with the head free to move, and the opening of the mouth due to lower jaw movement (gape; white triangle and double arrows) was recorded and analyzed using custom software", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1843, "image": "2446.jpg", "report": " SDS-PAGE showing FITC-labeled ApoEs immunoprecipitated with SDC3 from extracts of SDC3 transfectants. Lanes 1–3: 0.5 µg of FITC-ApoEs. Lane 4: molecular weight (MW) marker. Lanes 5–7: immunoprecipitates of SDC3 transfectants treated with either of the FITC-ApoEs. Lanes 8-10: immunoprecipitates of untreated SDCs transfectants. Standard protein size markers are indicated on the left. Image acquisition was carried out with UVITEC Alliance Q9 Advanced Imager", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1844, "image": "15862.jpg", "report": " normal group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1845, "image": "10005.jpg", "report": " IHC using anti-PrP antibody D13 (brown) performed on sagittal brain sections. PrPSc is widely distributed in both strains of mice. The black rectangle indicates the approximate area of thalamus shown at higher magnification in panels C–J.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1846, "image": "582.jpg", "report": " On day 2, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the SKP-SCs transplantation group showed some LC3b fluorescence, and from day 3, dopaminergic neurons showed a gradual decrease in LC3b fluorescence. By day 28, only a few dopaminergic neurons had a slight LC3b fluorescence. After transplantation into the brain within 12 d, SKP-SCs showed relatively significant LC3b fluorescence, and some SKP-SCs also showed a decrease in LC3b fluorescence at day 28. Dopaminergic neurons (white arrows) and SKP-SCs (white arrowhead)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1847, "image": "16563.jpg", "report": " Intensity line scan of the volumetric Mem-mNG and AktPH-mSc shows their co-scaled relative intensities for extending membrane ruffles, as well as recruitment around a sealed macropinosome", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1848, "image": "13755.jpg", "report": " representative best quality orbital and eyeball staining images for Protocol 3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1849, "image": "9552.jpg", "report": " Representative immunocytochemistry microscopic appearance of mono-cultured MIN-6 cells after 72 h incubation in 5.5 mM glucose and stained with both antibodies against insulin (green) and glucagon (Pink)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1850, "image": "16092.jpg", "report": " rats not given κ-carrageenan treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1851, "image": "6126.jpg", "report": " pH in first FOV of 72-h biofilm with low flow space (5 µm) after exposure to 80 mm/min of flow (pH = 5.3 ± 0.2 SD)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1852, "image": "15063.jpg", "report": " Confocal imaging of TNT between two endothelial cells, showing F-actin (red) and MHC class I molecules (green) on human aortic EC culture", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1853, "image": "9223.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent images of the cervical lymph nodes after the injection of OVA-GC-AuNPs. The red fluorescent color indicated the expression of the OVA epitope. Although the OVA epitope was observed throughout the whole lymph node area, the majority centered on medullary sinuses", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1854, "image": "14762.jpg", "report": " TEM image of a rounded coesite aggregate of crystals ~ 1 µm in size and in direct contact with quartz. The 3D ED volume of the labelled coesite is shown in Fig. 3  top-right.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1855, "image": "15073.jpg", "report": " SEM image of control cloth without gold spattering showing the pores that exist in the sample at 500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1856, "image": "10035.jpg", "report": " Enlarged image of A/PR/8-infected cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1857, "image": "10984.jpg", "report": " SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 304 Å images (c4", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1858, "image": "9269.jpg", "report": " intraparticle crack", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1859, "image": "1788.jpg", "report": " Pathology and immunohistochemistry of tonsillar metastasis [KI-67 (40%+); TTF1 (±)].", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1860, "image": "16964.jpg", "report": " Safranin O and Fast Green (SOFG) staining of HO tissue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1861, "image": "16633.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing high cellularity with slender spindle cells arranged in a distinct storiform pattern accumulating mainly in the underlying soft tisuue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1862, "image": "2676.jpg", "report": " sections from NC group exposed to normal pellet diet", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1863, "image": "5399.jpg", "report": " In vivo fluorescence image of the tilted (24 degrees) left dorsal hemisphere through a transparent, intact skull preparation (left). In vivo images were registered to the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas (right). Cortical areas targeted for electrophysiological experiments are indicated: wS1, primary whisker somatosensory cortex; wS2, secondary whisker somatosensory cortex; wM1, primary whisker motor cortex; wM2, secondary whisker motor cortex; Aud, auditory area; Vis, visual area; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; tjM1, primary tongue and jaw motor cortex; ALM, anterior lateral motor area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1864, "image": "7973.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry for perilipin 1 of proximal tract of the small intestine. (Upper: original magnification: 10×; scale bar: 100 μm, bottom: magnification 40×; scale bar: 25 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1865, "image": "272.jpg", "report": " Siderosis and cirrhosis of liver", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1866, "image": "9553.jpg", "report": " Representative immunocytochemistry microscopic appearance of mono-cultured α-TC1-6 cells after 72 h incubation in 11.1 mM glucose and stained with both antibodies against insulin (green) and glucagon (Pink)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1867, "image": "620.jpg", "report": " Labeling in the DEn. Calibration bar 50 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1868, "image": "4594.jpg", "report": " Full TLS image of lung tumor sections in a NSCLC patient. Briefly, two serial tumor sections were respectively double-immunostained for CD3/DC-Lamp and CD20/CD21. Then color deconvolution and contrast inversion (using ImageJ) was applied as described (10). Shown are CD3+ T cell-rich areas (red); DC-Lamp+ mature DC (yellow) adjacent to the CD20+ B-cell rich areas (dark blue) and CD21+ FDC (light blue) of a TLS close to tumor nests (T) and bronchial cartilage (C). Magnification: x100", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1869, "image": "14881.jpg", "report": " IHC analysis of Aqp2 on the kidneys collected at day six from the rats induced by high dose of senna anthraquinones. Magnification: 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1870, "image": "4343.jpg", "report": " Double labelling with glutamine synthetase (GS; green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1871, "image": "2786.jpg", "report": " Magnified detail of applied MSC spheroid (bottom row, right image)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1872, "image": "4475.jpg", "report": " IgA immunofluorescence microscop", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1873, "image": "8457.jpg", "report": " Analysis of CaSR protein in human parathyroid tissue sections used as positive control: (G) negative control with only secondary antibody, (H) control with anti-CaSR antibody absorbed with blocking peptide, and (I) with primary anti-CaSR antibody", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1874, "image": "10311.jpg", "report": " Successive bacterial luminescence images of representative wounds infected with 5 × 106 CFU of luminescent PA01 without oregano oi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1875, "image": "10508.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of 1% DMSO treated normal rats' liver stained with haematoxylin and eosin (Scale bar = 100 μm, original magnification x 100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1876, "image": "12284.jpg", "report": " HeLa cells stably expressing LEM2-mCh were treated with control or CHMP7-1 targeting siRNA, fixed and stained with antisera raised against LAP1 or Emerin. Images representative of > 20 imaged cells in each case.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1877, "image": "14596.jpg", "report": " ACC consists of uniform acinar cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1878, "image": "12000.jpg", "report": " Detail of the boxed region in (B) indicating the presence of a lysosome (arrow).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1879, "image": "3801.jpg", "report": " Micrographs of AIEC S136 (left) and its related ΔompR mutant (right) obtained by transmission electronic microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1880, "image": "14332.jpg", "report": " The mean number of vesicles in each cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1881, "image": "14324.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin staining for donor hearts under magnification of 40 (Scale length: 100 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1882, "image": "441.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of low level (<14%) of Ki67 index in immunohistochemical sections (×400 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1883, "image": "7700.jpg", "report": " Masson’s trichrome staining revealed progressive interstitial fibrosis at CKD 4 and 10 weeks more than in the wild-type", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1884, "image": "5705.jpg", "report": " A single TE protruding into the cortex tissue was observed under SEM. The cortex tissue was partly rendered brown red.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1885, "image": "14544.jpg", "report": " Histopathological image of the excised polyp in 20× magnification. Arrows show spindle and round pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1886, "image": "7086.jpg", "report": " Less intense apical membrane staining of the central part of the lesion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1887, "image": "16198.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent image of GAT1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1888, "image": "10902.jpg", "report": " The lungs of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09–immunized mice on day 8 after infection with A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1)pdm influenza virus. Without antihistamine treatment. The same area at high magnification. The arrow indicates a mast cell. Obj. 40x; scale bar = 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1889, "image": "15043.jpg", "report": " Average number of mitochondria in CCs normalized to the area (μm2) of cytosol in WT and SOD1G93A mice at both ages", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1890, "image": "13550.jpg", "report": " The density of T-tubules is markedly low in HCM cardiomyocytes. Representative confocal images of single cardiomyocytes. Each cell derives from a different HCM patient sample (ID of the patient is indicated next to the cell in each respective image). Cells were stained with Di-3ANEPPDHQ (Thermo-Fisher) and imaged with a Leica Confocal microscope using the 488 nm laser line. Sections were taken at mid cell. While the outer sarcolemma is well stained in all myocytes, T-tubules are barely visible in most of them and some cells are completely devoid of T-tubules. White bars equal 10 μm. Modified from Ferrantini et al. (2018)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1891, "image": "7958.jpg", "report": " Light microscopic images of GFAP-immunoreactivity shown in the fornix (c,d).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1892, "image": "8411.jpg", "report": " Smooth muscle cells, dark stained by anti-SMC immunohistochemistry, are the “parenchyma”", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1893, "image": "1835.jpg", "report": " Comparison of tobacco root development under normal conditions and different concentrations of SHAM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1894, "image": "10334.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopy images of sagittal sections of the ruptured aorta stained with hematoxylin–eosin at 5× magnification. The size bar is 1mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1895, "image": "14998.jpg", "report": " Histopathological image of the renal biopsy. The left panel shows hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the middle shows immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for FH (loss of which is evident). The right panel is the IHC staining of FH from another patient’s normal kidney as positive staining for FH. Scale bar = 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1896, "image": "8774.jpg", "report": " Optical photograph of the Au-Gap/SAP structures (marked with the white circle) where the Au film thickness is 100 nm and the deionized water dropped is 2 μL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1897, "image": "8383.jpg", "report": " SEM observation of P. aeruginosa biofilm on LB medium at low magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1898, "image": "3263.jpg", "report": " Rimmed vacuoles are observed in H", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1899, "image": "9160.jpg", "report": " Homogeneous (no histological diagnosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1900, "image": "3479.jpg", "report": " Ag–Au bimetallic layer in cross-sectional view made for a slightly tilted sample: 1: cross-section of glass substrate, 2: cross-section of Ag–Au metallic layer, 3: view of a tilted Ag–Au top surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1901, "image": "15114.jpg", "report": " polyester", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1902, "image": "553.jpg", "report": " Time-lapse images of laser-extravasated nanoparticles in brain parenchyma. The presence of merged fluorescence signal is because of the fluorescence signal overlap when nanoparticles are in proximity to each other (arrowhead) and not due to nanoparticle fusion or exchange of fluorophores", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1903, "image": "2811.jpg", "report": " Example of normal section of colon showing the arrangement of crypts in a 10-weeks-old male mouse fed a WD. Arrow points to a mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (20× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1904, "image": "14789.jpg", "report": " Pathology from biopsy of stomach. Fragments of benign gastric mucosa showing chronic inflammation and focal intestinal metaplasia. Chromogranin immunostain reveals nodular endochromaffin cell hyperplasia consistent with chronic atrophic gastriti", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1905, "image": "5528.jpg", "report": " reference standard defined by the exper", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1906, "image": "15594.jpg", "report": " Middle row shows sections stained with neuraminidase (NeuN) or haemotoxylin-eosin (H&E) section, both NeuN and H&E identify areas with mineral deposits (↑) stained in dark purple", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1907, "image": "9983.jpg", "report": " The adrenal cortex of the immunocompetent animal contained Cowdry A inclusions (long, black arrows), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) (short, black arrows), rare necrotic cells (yellow arrow), and hemorrhagic regions. Inset in (A) is a representative Cowdry A inclusion body on the right, adjacent to a normal nucleus on the left;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1908, "image": "15269.jpg", "report": " typical particle size distribution of CIP-incorporated LGseseTAPEG nanoparticles. H2O2 was added to the nanoparticle aqueous solution (1 mg/mL (as a polymer weight) in 10 mL PBS) and then incubated them at 37 °C. For TEM observation and particle size analysis, CIP-incorporated nanoparticles (drug content: 10.1% (w/w)) were used. PDI: polydispersity index", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1909, "image": "6257.jpg", "report": " A schematic shows spermatogenesis progression from the apical end to the basal end of the testis; green indicates stages where GFP fluorescence is visible in transgenic flies", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1910, "image": "188.jpg", "report": " Top view of 3D reconstruction of inflorescence shoot apices expressing pDRNL:erCERULEAN/pFIL:erGFP/pUBQ10:TdTomato-Lti6b", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1911, "image": "6124.jpg", "report": " in situ hybridization results for PL10. (A2, B2) are images after DAPI stains the nucleus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1912, "image": "13092.jpg", "report": " SHG microscopy image. The collagen fibers are shown in green, the brighter color corresponds to the higher concentration of the collagen fibers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1913, "image": "1648.jpg", "report": " Histological changes in the kidney in the LP + CP group, including moderate effects in the renal tubules and degenerated and sloughed epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1914, "image": "3295.jpg", "report": " 3D reconstructions of the basal body and the MS ring formed by full-length FliF in side and end-on views", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1915, "image": "11358.jpg", "report": " The blue ribbon denotes the CDR of VH.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1916, "image": "22.jpg", "report": " prediction accuracy for the image-based object2vec encoding mode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1917, "image": "4079.jpg", "report": " Representative images of TH (top row) and CGRP (bottom row) staining in Lewis rats after sham, total and afferent RDN, respectively. Arrow indicates positive staining, scale bar lower right panel = 100 µm for all images.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1918, "image": "2825.jpg", "report": " Detail C in cross section B-B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1919, "image": "4958.jpg", "report": " Immunolocalization of TcMscS (red) with specific polyclonal antibodies in trypomastigotes,", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1920, "image": "16970.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of β‐catenin in HO", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1921, "image": "1053.jpg", "report": " most ducts have a narrow lumen and a thin wall due to limited growth of human cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1922, "image": "14823.jpg", "report": " Pictures padded on the side of the cut character to a final size of 300 by 500 pixels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1923, "image": "4195.jpg", "report": " A medium-sized subcutaneous blood vessel with neutrophilic infiltration of its wall (H and E, x100", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1924, "image": "790.jpg", "report": " A fractured PAS-negative cast with angulated contours and adherent mononuclear leukocytes is shown (PAS, × 600)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1925, "image": "9301.jpg", "report": " Gross observation of wounds treated by CMCS hydrogels at the 0th, 3rd, 7th, and 11th days, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1926, "image": "6389.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustration of the synthesis procedure for Gly‐NCP nanosheets.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1927, "image": "7237.jpg", "report": " OSE normal human ovarian epithelial cells with DAPI nuclear staining (red) and with ASP and OR4M1 (green). Magnification, ×100 using a Leica DM4000 microscope (Scale bar, 10 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1928, "image": "9741.jpg", "report": " Merged ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1929, "image": "6465.jpg", "report": " Vascular castin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1930, "image": "12637.jpg", "report": " Frequency of the extracranial tumors in all experimental groups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1931, "image": "4517.jpg", "report": " Representative structures for the perpendicula", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1932, "image": "14127.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of three representative brains from mice inoculated with serially diluted brain homogenate of 116AG-long prions (10−3, 10−4 and 10−5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1933, "image": "9698.jpg", "report": " Showing the normal skin with thick and plenty of collagen fibers in the dermal region", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1934, "image": "4482.jpg", "report": " Tissue sections were viewed under × 100 magnification, and the numbers of dilated tubules in the renal cortex were counted. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of each group (PBS: n = 5 rats; PDS: n = 7 rats; PDS + pMSCs: n = 7 rats; and PDS + UC-MSCs: n = 7 rats). The difference between groups was compared using two-tailed t-test. p = 0.0054 (pMSCs vs. UC-MSCs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1935, "image": "4330.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of brain featuring axonal tracts and periaxonal cells near cerebellar peduncle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1936, "image": "2903.jpg", "report": " Intestine of methotrexate-administered group showed overexpression of caspase-9 in the villus mucosa", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1937, "image": "10901.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph showing evidence of EBV infection by EBER in situ hybridisation in the lung biopsy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1938, "image": "14489.jpg", "report": " Surgically resected specimen has an ulcerated mass in the jejunum", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1939, "image": "8801.jpg", "report": " The retrieved ovarian cortex piece is rinsed in normal saline and is approximated to make an ovarian shape with barbed suture material, 1-0 Quill™ SRS (arrow) in a continuous running manner", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1940, "image": "16332.jpg", "report": " An approximately 0.2 kb conserved sequence located in Intron 1 of the spaw genomic locus, hereafter called 0.2Intr1spaw, was used to drive expression of GFP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1941, "image": "10175.jpg", "report": " Examples of HE-stained histological photographs of myocardium in the NS + Sham group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1942, "image": "8760.jpg", "report": " Ki-67 staining (20× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1943, "image": "3777.jpg", "report": " Severe type I fibers hypotrophy at Hematoxylin-Eosin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1944, "image": "1504.jpg", "report": " Spheroids of SW480 and SW480-V cells were introduced into the co-culture assay of angiogenesis. Vessels were detected by staining for PECAM-1 and imaged by widefield light microscopy. Spheroids (arrows). Bar 250 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1945, "image": "469.jpg", "report": " Top: low-magnification image of a coronal slice from the left hemisphere of an Ank1f/f mouse after recording. Lines on the brain slice are the indentations resulted from the mesh used to hold the slice in place during recording. Bottom: high-magnification image of the somatosensory cortex layer five within the boxed region in the low-magnification image where recording was performed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1946, "image": "9904.jpg", "report": " Uncoated meshes, meshes coated with CHX biopolymer gel (*) (magnification ×2000; scales: 100 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1947, "image": "6408.jpg", "report": " H&E stain (original magnification ×100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1948, "image": "12560.jpg", "report": " End of the training (the last epoch", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1949, "image": "10228.jpg", "report": " TEM images show dense vacuolation of the trypanosome cytoplasm (pale grey densities are consistent with lipid, clear white areas are more in keeping with vacuoles) (e),", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1950, "image": "5637.jpg", "report": " Representative figure (x20) of FFPE tumor samples collected at the sacrifice of mice, stained with CD3 (green), CD56 (red), CD20 (white) and nuclei (blue), and analyzed by mIHC. The yellow arrows indicate CD3+CD56+ cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1951, "image": "15311.jpg", "report": " Representative images of proliferating keratinocytes going through asymmetric division (Asym) and symmetric division (Sym). Triple immunofluorescent staining of BrdU (pseudo-stained yellow) showing DNA synthesis in proliferating cell, pH3 (pseudo-stained red) identifying mitotic chromosomes during metaphase of proliferation and phalloidin (pseudo-stained green) identifying actin filaments. Nuclear DAPI staining shown as pseudo-stained blue. Asymmetrically dividing cells show skewed inheritance of BrdU-labelled DNA at the end of metaphase, symmetrically dividing cells shown equal inheritance of BrdU-labelled DNA at the end of metaphase. Arrest of cytokinesis by cytD is confirmed by phalloidin staining showing disrupted formation of actin filaments in granular shape. Scale bars, 5 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1952, "image": "11338.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy showing the architecture of biofilms of BR1A strains. Different magnifications (upper panel; 1000 and lower panel; 3000X) are shown for untreated biofilms and those treated with NO-np 40 mg/mL, fluconazole (FCZ) 0.512 mg/mL, terbinafine (TRB) 0.032 mg/mL, or efinaconazole (EFCZ) 0.320 mg/mL. Red arrows denote collapse of the hyphal walls, while white arrows denote reduced hyphal density", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1953, "image": "15595.jpg", "report": " Bottom row shows the SRXRF elemental maps for calcium, zinc and iron", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1954, "image": "9660.jpg", "report": " Inflammatory cell infiltrates including neutrophils (black arrows), lymphocytes and macrophages in LVS-infected lung", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1955, "image": "11445.jpg", "report": " Chloroplast avoidance in the fer-4 mutants under M", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1956, "image": "387.jpg", "report": " Quantitative analysis of the association of coactosin or cofilin with F-actin. Approximately 75% of the coactosin-positive pixels were located on actin bundles (“on bundle”), while the rest of them were located between actin bundles (“btw bundle”). The data are shown as means ± SEM (25 bundles for each, ***p = 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U-test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1957, "image": "10314.jpg", "report": " Representative images of immunofluorescent staining for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (red) and insulin (green) in control and inoculated NHPs. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was not detected in control tissues. SARS-CoV-2 protein is not present in every beta cell and it is also present in non-beta islet cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1958, "image": "2456.jpg", "report": " Quantification of symmetric and asymmetric cells in mitosis. Data are normalized to control and presented as mean ± SEM. Statistically significant difference is calculated with ordinary one-way ANOVA parametric test (* p < 0.05) (** p < 0,01), n = 3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1959, "image": "7022.jpg", "report": " Pair1 neurons in the pupal CNS at 24 hr after pupal formation (APF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1960, "image": "7037.jpg", "report": " GFP fluorescent signal channe", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1961, "image": "452.jpg", "report": " Lateral arm plates of Ophioplinthaca sp. on distal arm segments with ventral edge upwards", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1962, "image": "14951.jpg", "report": " 3-week-treated tumour xenografts were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Intact mitochondria were presented in untreated tumour sections, the number of autophagosomes was increased after Rapamune treatment; accompanied, and damaged mitochondria could be observed in doxycycline-treated samples. After administering combined Rapamune and doxycycline treatment, collapsed mitochondria appeared in autophagic vacuoles. Mitochondria (clamped mitochondria were framed with white ellipsoids), autophagic vacuoles (arrow); nucleus (N); multivesicular bodies (MVB). (magnification: 20,000×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1963, "image": "7448.jpg", "report": " Observation by epifluorescence wide-field microscopy of the abaxial face of the leaf blade excited in the UV range reveals the numerous stomata and blue patches of fluorescence; detail of the latter showing the epidermal cells surrounding the stomata strongly emitting in bright blue and the area at the tip of the midrib. Scale bars: 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1964, "image": "6621.jpg", "report": " CD34 immunohistochemistry of the polycythemic twin placental side (corresponding to the red box in B) showing high prevalence of richly capillarized terminal vill", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1965, "image": "9484.jpg", "report": " microglial cells (TMEM119+", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1966, "image": "16003.jpg", "report": " mature elongated sperm, the tails labelled with dj-GFP in green (and in grey in the magnified views of the seminal vesicles in ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1967, "image": "12277.jpg", "report": " H&E-stained skin biopsy from a representative subject who received active/vaccine-coated HD-MAPs on day 4 (post)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1968, "image": "386.jpg", "report": " Quantitative distribution of the fluorescence intensities of coactosin (green) and F-actin (rhodamine-phalloidin, red). Measurements were performed 9 μm from a filopodial tip (n = 16 for coactosin and n = 24 for F-actin, means ± SEM)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1969, "image": "2309.jpg", "report": " Microscopic image of DAPI staining of native tissue (scale: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1970, "image": "16413.jpg", "report": " Consecutive coronal paraffin sections illustrating presynaptic glycinergic (left) and GABAergic terminals (middle; black) onto choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and aggrecan (ACAN)-immunopositive (right) SIF MNs, onto ACAN-immunonegative MIF MNs, and onto ChAT-immunonegative INTs in the abducens nucleus (nVI)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1971, "image": "6452.jpg", "report": " T-cells highlighted by a CD4 IHC stain, original magnification 100×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1972, "image": "6685.jpg", "report": " Molecular alterations of lung biopsy by NGS at diagnosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1973, "image": "13898.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemical analysis of human AD and control hippocampal sections stained for Aβ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1974, "image": "15905.jpg", "report": " MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing the mCherry-PAR1-eYFP construct, treated with KLK4WT", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1975, "image": "1405.jpg", "report": " Vero cells infected with trypomastigotes prior to egress show F-actin cages. Images were obtained by confocal microscopy. A three-dimensional (3D) topological rendering of the actin cytoskeleton provides a detailed model of the actin cages observed (see Videos S5 and S6 in the supplemental material)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1976, "image": "13093.jpg", "report": " Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; fourth row–the azimuth of the optical axis (degrees), circular color bar shows orientation in the imaging plane: red–vertical, blue-horizontal, green/yellow ±45∘, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1977, "image": "8077.jpg", "report": " 1000 µM BPA-treated cells stained with MitoTracker Red probe to visualize mitochondria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1978, "image": "4621.jpg", "report": " Swelling of non-germinated urediospore", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1979, "image": "7843.jpg", "report": " Two-dimensional raw images illustrating the changes in contact between the fluids and rock in an oil-wet pore before waterflooding", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1980, "image": "7472.jpg", "report": " Skin of the pinna with thick serocellular crusts consisting of keratin, neutrophils and detached epithelial cells indicated by the asterisk (H&E, bar = 400 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1981, "image": "8976.jpg", "report": " In rat calvarial defect models, summarized data showing new bone tissue volume/total defect volume (BV/TV) for newly developed bone tissue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1982, "image": "14128.jpg", "report": " Presence of florid plaques after PrPSc immunostaining using 12B2 mAb in the frontal cortex brain sections of mice inoculated with 116AG-long", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1983, "image": "12060.jpg", "report": " Photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained lung tissue sections were assessed for histological analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1984, "image": "8292.jpg", "report": " SEM image with 500× magnification of oxygen plasm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1985, "image": "8684.jpg", "report": " Size distribution of NDMV size ranging from 100 to 1000 nm after measurements by NTA from 5 separate experiments. The solid line represents the mean concentrations of differently sized NDMVs, with the gray and pink shading showing standard error (SE) of the means (n = 5). Arrows indicate each sub-population", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1986, "image": "6170.jpg", "report": " Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the molecular properties and distribution pattern of l-carnitine derivatives presented as a heat map. The red palette indicates positive correlation, whereas the blue palette indicates negative correlation. Abbreviations: AcCoA, acetyl coenzyme A; ACh, acetylcholine; C, control; CoASH, coenzyme A; CAT I, carnitine acetyltransferase I; Hip, hippocampus; log P, octanol/water partition coefficient (lipophilicity index); MW, molecular weight; PSA, polar surface area (hydrogen bonding index); RS, retrosplenial cortex; T, tacrine", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1987, "image": "13933.jpg", "report": " Starting from the unmilled crysta", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1988, "image": "1008.jpg", "report": " The lung tissues were combined to visualize the pathological condition using H&E staining.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1989, "image": "5036.jpg", "report": " Denote the same points of pictures (A) and (B), but at different magnification. Bar: 1 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1990, "image": "13078.jpg", "report": " An example of an NTR–cargo pair that does bind", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1991, "image": "16632.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD-34 (original magnification 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1992, "image": "11016.jpg", "report": " Protoplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite tepals transformed with PbTPS4-GFP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1993, "image": "3338.jpg", "report": " Histopathologically a 0–IIc lesion showed shallow infiltration to muscularis propria by well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification ×20).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1994, "image": "3605.jpg", "report": " Merged image of green and red indicating co-expression of ANT1 with α-synuclein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1995, "image": "7443.jpg", "report": " Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1996, "image": "11496.jpg", "report": " Raw image with expertly annotated mask (\"tumor\") highlighted", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1997, "image": "8295.jpg", "report": " SEM image with 5000× magnification of sandblaste", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1998, "image": "7247.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy analysis of CMIP (top panel) and WT1 (lower panel) expression in healthy controls, MCNS and FSGS biopsy specimens. Asterisks show WT1 labeling. Scale bar, 20 microns. Note that the staining pattern of WT1 (a specific podocyte marker) showed a weak nuclear expression in FSGS with a more cytoplasmic distribution than in MCNS.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 1999, "image": "3506.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the PA 6 solution enhanced with methane-sulfonic acid exposed to the sinus wave", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate consisting mostly of lymphocytes is seen in the punch biopsy, indicating superficial perivascular dermatitis.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_a789a816-d83f-498b-a039-2ace3ae524be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_0", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerosis is thickening and homogenization of collagen bundles with a decrease in the number of fibroblasts.", "image_path": "GFZlWYp07Is_image_f6a77deb-8536-49e0-bda6-7f0b01e5d688.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_1", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is from the periphery of the scalp with markedly reduced hair follicles at the center, correlating with an area of alopecia.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_90e0e6eb-4f06-442b-9f97-3f18551502d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of cartilaginous neoplasm in central and unusual locations should raise the possibility of chondrosarcoma.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_3", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid cell histiocytoma is a variant of dermatofibroma with epithelioid cell morphology.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_9a0074b9-4a58-4477-aa44-3826084362e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_4", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The \"Orphan Annie eye\" appearance is characterized by an empty nuclei or those showing a thin rim of peripheral chromatin.", "image_path": "7Tp5bPrDcdU_image_502c6e5b-1e4c-49cc-adba-0d58902b151a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Endocrine', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_5", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Premature maturation of the basal layer, which is a form of chronicity seen in conditions like lichen planus, lichenoid drug eruption, and lupus erythematosus.", "image_path": "5kRb2j_RogQ_image_ba6db538-be8a-4d79-aada-9eb7e624e1f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_6", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The junction between the vaginal epithelium and the vaginal canal should be examined at increased magnification.", "image_path": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Renal']", "id": "train_7", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Passenger Merkel cells can be found in the background of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and other follicular tumors, but not in the background of MAC or basal cells.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_0ebb7e3a-f836-4148-b350-2e0a561735ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_8", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Correct diagnosis is cutaneous amyloidosis.", "image_path": "aPv0VRHVqCI_image_231c91dd-628e-4729-a0e5-778306ade62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_9", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of an organoid nevus or nevus sebaceous, which is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_e7fc65a2-bffe-41e7-91a8-b96f53ed63f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_10", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin biopsy shows spongiosis changes, which means edema of the epidermis with fluid collection between the keratinocytes.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_28eb21b5-f997-4fe8-8e41-ab7976679a21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_11", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case shows myxoid features, atypia, and mitoses, which could be suggestive of myxofibrosarcoma, but the multilobulated appearance and well-defined edges make it unlikely.", "image_path": "VUB-VmqTEgY_image_786df28c-04a8-421a-982a-6bb02b003f2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_12", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tubular apocrine adenomas with frond-like and nipple-like structures.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_05cb74c6-719f-4632-b135-a63cc85cf957.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_13", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant cells in Brenner tumor are infiltrating the ovarian stroma indiscriminately.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_0f334c20-3113-4fe6-b565-bea544561415.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_14", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells are present in the myocardium.", "image_path": "n_VigSBge08_image_c30e71c4-d28c-467d-827e-c8ddfc71ef1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_15", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CK20 stain can help differentiate trichoepithelioma from morphoeic basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "g8NveoHNUck_image_ec6958e9-53a6-4f10-866c-4bd47886fa0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_16", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Full duct involvement by intraductal proliferation with no residual normal duct epithelium.", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_d9dc638b-3da7-4146-9877-f14625b0f7fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_17", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The punch biopsy shows a central indentation with reactive cells around it, and the epidermis appears candidotic, suggesting an inflammatory response to something foreign.", "image_path": "RqLgYu9k4Sc_image_ec817a98-fe03-44fa-aa9f-5fdb9d0cd347.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_18", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The neoplasm is composed of dermal nodules, some solid and cystic areas.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_6a55655d-30d2-4e70-bec5-801c2ed6c94d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_19", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prurigo nodules have thick stratum corneum and prominent granular layer with collagen bundles running perpendicular to vessels.", "image_path": "6eg03DIE5oA_image_671b8f34-1adf-4420-af31-2185e8803c08.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_20", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a constellation of findings can lead to a definitive diagnosis of cancerous lesions.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_31a27d6b-0d81-40bb-8174-77f2bace3dec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_21", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of granulomas and coalescing necrotizing granulomas.", "image_path": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_22", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mixture of angulated material and fine granular material seen in other casts, all of which is PAS negative.", "image_path": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_72721319-36c9-40b8-8da5-3c10deaa14a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_23", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In situ melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma component present.", "image_path": "Twza0XocchI_image_03262637-396c-4332-afd8-0b84818ec339.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_24", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of giant, multinucleated cells that can phagocytose foreign bodies to fight infection.", "image_path": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_25", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of colloid in a poorly differentiated tumor.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_8de18731-fced-4b5a-b357-52ded820d6be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_26", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glomangiomas can resemble cavernous hemangiomas and can be associated with secondary thrombosis in ectatic blood vessels.", "image_path": "4FWuPEXo-a0_image_8562862c-6005-4726-83be-84f8face05d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_27", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle-shaped cells and positive myoepithelial markers suggest a myoepithelioma.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_d3a68c26-3c7c-443d-819f-00299207f197.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_28", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphic lipomas can have bigger, bizarre spindle cells and floret-like cells.", "image_path": "IyQQNjYRGlY_image_f989ac1c-f65d-46f6-b53c-8b9b7673bb72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_29", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_30", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possibility of myosarcoma or pleomorphic lymphoma with atypia.", "image_path": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_318e2b78-3bb8-4dbb-becc-e4203ebe3c58.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_31", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample looks like epithelial due to its basaloid morphology and being contiguous with the epidermis in some areas.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_da0d6106-5e0f-4d9a-a897-10db44cc1c53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_32", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ameloblasts are columnar cells that produce enamel, which is not visible on decalcified slides. The gap after the enamel is the ameloblast gap. The thick blue layer is dentin, and the darker layer is pre-dentin, which is not mineralized.", "image_path": "7Y15PMocD8c_image_d24e87f1-cdf5-450d-80ee-066718ea45b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_33", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of in situ lesion arising in a dilated sweat duct, with evidence of an invasive component arising from this precursor.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_34", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being examined is dermis, a type of dense irregular connective tissue.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_be397a51-c833-4991-b8f6-3ed03a746872.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_35", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "HER2 positive tumors tend to be high grade.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_68831cac-e069-4444-91ec-d8efef50fd16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_36", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelial lining is a simple columnar epithelium with enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_37", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in zona reticularis are arranged like a network or net-like pattern.", "image_path": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_38", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a papillary pattern on the surface with smaller cells that have more nucleus to cytoplasm ratio and little hobnail type projections. Some areas show karyorrhexis.", "image_path": "X0dKtspwARo_image_941aa957-0878-425a-88cb-1f9b2ec6cd68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_39", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The combination of a silicon reaction and breast cancer is present in this case.", "image_path": "t90-nCa_-5g_image_abcc7b88-cea7-4f4a-be05-69fb4cef0703.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_40", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has sweat duct derived type cells and areas of invasive tumor, variable basophilic and squamous appearing, as well as areas of sarcomatous transformation with highly cellular, mitotically active, atypical stroma and ulceration.", "image_path": "RG94WnNb0wI_image_d475ace7-ab16-46e8-bae7-27ab43778dd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_41", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory carcinoma is a clinical diagnosis characterized by pink to red skin and nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics.", "image_path": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_42", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The granuloma is composed of small lymphocytes, epitheloid cells, and langhans type of giant cells.", "image_path": "l7sk00AOfb0_image_53128e37-2d0d-41b1-a979-08169ca5fd70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_43", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tissue with longitudinal nuclear grooves, hyalinized stroma punctuated by thin-walled blood vessels, clear nuclear pseudoinclusions, and eosinophilic ones.", "image_path": "p7tUcAl0Mck_image_99bfcaa3-43c1-4b05-bfb8-a989a821d4be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_44", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epigreen birefringence is a characteristic of amyloid protein.", "image_path": "zcImdqxXK08_image_0f6bed99-1098-4dd3-8d23-13c997aea468.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_45", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_46", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of two major components of the extracellular matrix: collagen fibers and elastic fibers.", "image_path": "_Xu1dEzQSAg_image_24ae1afd-c585-4b26-8b0a-2a507aa76d5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_47", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue can transition from hypocellular to diffusely cellular with fascicular growth and herringbone pattern, indicating possible progression.", "image_path": "ScpBk38U5HU_image_bc0cf649-8aae-4b08-995c-7eb4a516ae08.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_48", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification and characteristics of bone marrow cells, including proerythroblasts and eosinophilic myelocytes. Presence of nucleoli and accumulation of hemoglobin in proerythroblasts.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_5525df13-3c27-49a0-81cf-d506c8a564a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_49", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Treatment with surgical excision and possible postoperative radiotherapy.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_a0300617-7b2a-4d95-be4b-ee5649c337d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_50", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "End-stage kidney due to hydronephrosis from distal obstruction with sclerotic glomerular structures and interstitial inflammation.", "image_path": "MQyZaye9b4Q_image_510484d1-e407-4e6d-b530-39eef80810b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_51", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD3, CD20, and CD5 are used as a screening panel to detect CLL when a dense lymphocytic infiltrate is suspected.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_88efb4d7-9fd8-4270-b783-36f36724df0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_52", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular fasciitis may have variable amounts of giant cells with huge nuclei.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_90b54762-004b-49f6-89af-bea6ca830a4f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_53", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lingual tonsil located at the root of the tongue with pure mucinous salivary Weber's glands.", "image_path": "UvsVvCC0W0U_image_3d7419ca-299a-4aae-9c33-f820023340e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_54", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atrophy in the adrenals usually refers to the cortex rather than the medulla.", "image_path": "JAqYJgpHtbo_image_88c85331-231e-495a-b223-f313c0714075.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_55", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of pink mucin inside suggests that the lesion is likely an IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm).", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_42289c2d-dac2-4f06-935f-740792f2608c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_56", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is not a wart but has characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions of molluscum contagiosum, which is an infectious transmissible disease.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_38dfa23e-22b4-4618-98eb-21f3894e2a90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_57", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Elastin staining with BBG highlights the hyaline fat necrosis.", "image_path": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_776439ff-a06e-480d-acb1-9a948b05117a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_58", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of retroperitoneum is considered dedifferentiated liposarcoma until proven otherwise.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_ed91e7da-3e59-40c7-afcd-6e136c67cd65.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_59", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Flexner-Wiener/Wintersteiner neuroblastoma represents early retinal differentiation and has a central lumen.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_60", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A biopsy of the edge of the ulcer is recommended when there is a clinical concern for pyoderma gangrenosum.", "image_path": "IzoFZhKgO5Y_image_ba641d63-09a9-4dc5-a814-f37ced53982a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_61", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophilic dust damage to vessels can occur in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.", "image_path": "yc_3cAxt7NA_image_aee6210e-fb98-4d4c-8d18-bde270e6618d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_62", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extensive necrosis and intravascular thrombi suggest the absence of IDH mutation, which is associated with better clinical outcomes in glioblastoma.", "image_path": "3KD6wnMR6Lg_image_8cb7c7fe-9ea7-4893-b360-7bb65262ab26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_63", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of staining combinations for diagnosis of a condition, including the use of INI1, EMA, Vimentin, GFAB, pancytokeratin, desmin, and smooth muscle actin.", "image_path": "NBFYxOaduzI_image_6fbaa975-b7a8-48c7-b81f-cda7f06441ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_64", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Apocrine glands have larger gland clusters and individual lumens compared to eccrine glands.", "image_path": "uG44rG8mqtc_image_cab6a7e2-3cc3-44e6-a308-66359076c971.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_65", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible immune complex mediated process causing immune complex glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposits.", "image_path": "Blyb-E885eg_image_0f1a2b60-9128-4107-a518-fd046cbb80b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_66", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_fc4914e6-0c32-4ee4-8e1a-427fa922dde4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_67", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid type has uniform proliferation of atypical cells without cribriform architecture", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_68", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent nucleoli with variable cytoplasm.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_2b8f8a81-6b8b-4504-8bee-ccd98acbadcd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_69", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cupula structure is moved by the movement of the endolymph, which in turn stimulates the hair cells.", "image_path": "3WTyr8VyY2g_image_8e3b4b65-391c-4b6f-a285-5fccb464315a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_70", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucus and secretion may remain in cystic spaces if drainage is inadequate.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_71", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with central purplish material resembling mucin.", "image_path": "iPos7QCIFHQ_image_4142e4c0-4aef-466c-bc02-1271086aff22.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_72", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The neoplastic cells are small and bland looking, with no metastatic activity.", "image_path": "ZTsQFPhW26Y_image_9ec79bad-0ce6-4f42-af3f-37bbd75d3f04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_73", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Birdshot chorioretinopathy, fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and Merkel cell cancer are ruled out as possible diagnoses.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_2380e510-c2e1-4031-bcc5-eed2f5e908a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_74", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Symmetry is important to judge in compound lesions or lesions with a junctional component.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_21f8585a-238a-4b0e-84dd-33cadbbe8e23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_75", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense proliferation of spindle cells, likely fibroblasts, is seen underneath the hyperplasia.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_3b0dc0d7-6c0b-4f5c-a631-6d6067d96557.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_76", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the internal elastic lamina in the smooth muscle wall of the aorta.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_5340897a-ff4a-48a0-8f25-e677b84a25c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_77", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis of condyloma and seborrheic keratosis. Lesions in the groin of a young individual that appear like seborrheic keratosis are almost always condyloma, which is HPV-induced.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_ef81e9e0-4b99-4bac-9f2e-f0a1fd372b92.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_78", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of connective tissue cells and neural proliferation in the stroma.", "image_path": "6QiqNCiOJcU_image_a48cd3e4-67e9-4e21-a6f5-81397ae4c24c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_79", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has areas that resemble schwannomas, but molecular studies have shown that it clusters differently from both melanomas and schwannomas.", "image_path": "aH4arK8q_T0_image_60cf4887-9a60-41c0-9467-23c4c585f9a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_80", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of scattered kit positive cells along the basal layer, which may indicate infiltration of the epidermis.", "image_path": "2vPVsJD9AsA_image_a21812c5-f4ba-476b-b51b-1a20a917b9f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_81", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suggestive of clinical MF (mycosis fungoides).", "image_path": "D84RLj1nUis_image_2bc88ab9-f536-40a8-b464-5a0b07313f83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_82", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These features are diagnostic of a trichilemmoma, a benign follicular tumor showing differentiation towards outer root sheath epithelium.", "image_path": "91bmJtttGW0_image_61d0d2ee-1850-4a3e-9910-1cc21ea0a2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_83", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The deposit seen is mucin, which appears as a bluish-gray material.", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_f262bb95-4c54-4bce-971b-853ab1b613e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_84", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Consider the possibility of a metastatic clear cell carcinoma of renal origin in a solid pattern tumor.", "image_path": "KrHMC7I0428_image_5415afc7-bf5b-4bdd-a47e-415a0ec35b2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_85", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No reactive lymph node is present in the area.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_86", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_87", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrotizing vasculitis involving the hilum arterioles of the glomerulus.", "image_path": "EaaEYSH8VqA_image_433d1e17-e7de-4a20-9d16-838b0751a7bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_88", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plantar fibromatosis is cellular with cells divided by collagen and broad sweeping fascicles.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_c972d4b5-0606-412f-9b48-0a74270c0929.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_89", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic tricholemmoma is a benign lesion that can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma or other more serious conditions.", "image_path": "ILTGpteOCmA_image_45c8e4cb-615d-438f-a34c-47b0fe7ef264.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_90", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being described is epithelial tissue, with a simple cuboidal epithelium having cube-shaped cells with oval nuclei and a single row of nuclei. The space inside the tissue is called a lumen.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_196e2253-b47b-425f-95d0-4f479f193ea4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_91", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glomerulus is full of cells, with distortion of the capillary basement membrane architecture.", "image_path": "MWFbZgy6uSw_image_fd5f7489-82db-40a2-a49d-57fc7c59f578.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_92", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Flat warts can be a sign of Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV), which is caused by a germline mutation and can lead to a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma, particularly with sun damage.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_0c67370d-8ba2-4f83-a0ce-8a63ecbd856d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_93", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biphasic lesion present in the excised nodule.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_f2e90fd0-2736-4285-840c-b26a749f4c1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_94", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loose stellate cells and myofibroblasts are present in a nodular background of fasciitis.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_b83bdd64-c768-4bc0-9b5f-4c5ec06cfe63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_95", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibromas can be big and deep, sometimes extending to the subcutis and may require a shave biopsy.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_e0f35017-ca6d-4b5f-8f68-90642ba036d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_96", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schwannoma is a neural neoplasm.", "image_path": "k7Uu7qGEs0Q_image_d8e0a672-c4dc-43e3-8c3c-859c10a4663c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_97", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "When invasion into the muscularis propria is present, all carcinomas are considered.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_c1f759b3-a8d4-4065-8037-7fd535ecfd9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_98", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophils and crusting present in epidermis.", "image_path": "dAwdAP96Gaw_image_4f18c120-8586-4e0f-82fa-930171967326.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_99", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibromuscular type of material is present in between successive layers of elastic laminae.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_f640d128-8bc0-45c5-b5da-d94e5bbec686.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_100", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelial hyperplasia is present in the sample.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_3d7f2943-2826-4b16-8aae-5923e1c7afec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_101", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of tumor following neurovascular structures.", "image_path": "-vVBw8GFfaY_image_2eb28743-5044-44c2-882e-2e1969e01f1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_102", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The change may resemble a seborrheic keratosis but can have warty and papillomatosis appearance.", "image_path": "7M7Ol5StU7U_image_e78935ac-096c-4231-a6d3-39e8b86379a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_103", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular bone trabeculae are present.", "image_path": "e0B1MSg_TRw_image_7872bacb-7c56-4cc6-98f0-6f9be1e59212.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_104", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a single vessel visible, which appears inflamed and contains an organizing thrombus.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_93eb673a-4916-4b7a-9f4b-272f0cef725e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_105", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cigarette smoke contains multiple mutagens that can lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma over time.", "image_path": "8El0TyzAyGk_image_f44e1ad9-eaa1-4065-99d6-785e10ce445b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_106", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibromas are rare on the face, but when they occur, cellular dermatofibromas are the most common type.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_90552498-3165-446b-b256-d6ae0490ddee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_107", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Big atypical cells can be seen in the setting of a background that looks like nodular fasciitis, and are characteristic of proliferative myositis.", "image_path": "ejhZpkhv0Vk_image_5f931fb2-b272-4c09-b6a7-f0cd0c9c24f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_108", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor can have a morphology that resembles intraepithelial signet ring cell carcinoma or solid/poorly cohesive types of carcinoma.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_3fc3887e-37ea-4f5d-ab61-ba200edc1460.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_109", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of spindle cells with elongated shape and slightly tapered ends, which are not as plump or round as in other tumors.", "image_path": "MSB9O1mouf4_image_ffa68e26-08fd-458a-a49b-50d12d159a9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_110", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tubular adenoma with misplaced glands is a so-called pseudo-invasive pattern.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_111", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is discussing a polypoid lesion of the colon with expansion and ulceration, which may be related to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome or mucosal prolapse.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_74c39c50-70d4-4f1d-83cb-f4b6d1651378.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_112", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Liposarcoma may appear benign and be mistaken for other tumors on a needle biopsy.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_113", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts in dermatomyofibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_114", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle.", "image_path": "0QZ_6HCVIo4_image_66ad50de-226d-408f-bf40-ecf35c7f5779.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_115", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There may be multinucleated cells and induction change in the epidermis.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_116", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophilic inclusions in keratinocytes in the area, which is characteristic of molluscum.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_9e90a67a-2e61-462c-b51d-eee2798be265.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_117", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adnexal carcinomas usually arise in a long-standing adnexal neoplasm.", "image_path": "0jIctZfs8os_image_055bd49b-71e3-4d6c-8224-85b0572c703a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_118", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is considered non-keratinized because nuclei are present in even the most superficial layers.", "image_path": "L9kwrLQYlok_image_df5fd5fe-7bfe-4399-b356-31bfb7d12c45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_119", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_120", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a nerve bundle with Schwann cells and perineural cells surrounding it.", "image_path": "ZVlX4tCsyOc_image_3251f068-d7e0-46a0-aadd-a4ad7708e62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_121", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epineurium surrounds all of the fascicles of a nerve, while the perineurium surrounds individual fascicles.", "image_path": "78jBxFqhd_E_image_6d6a167f-c38c-4e16-9069-4467e9993bcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_122", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a high degree of mitosis, frank necrosis, and a significant inflammatory cell infiltrate.", "image_path": "D5pzStfqRa8_image_3d0cce0b-26aa-4f25-8ccb-d1cba4157ef0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_123", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a warty, verrucous appearance with long extensions of reedy ridges, which can be difficult to diagnose.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_de2f0c95-05f2-4779-a5c9-600a451fdf06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_124", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle cell tumor component in a case with blood and cystic change and brisk inflammation should raise suspicion of neoplastic spindle cells.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_a2ebe7e8-d8c9-49d2-b65d-3b2052b1c98c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_125", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Assessment of urothelium for CIS (carcinoma in situ).", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_5cdf773c-c4fe-4635-8864-6fc98a06868e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_126", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodule in the vulva or vagina suspected due to presence of squamous mucosa lacking granular layer and stratum corneum, and numerous small bundles of smooth muscle.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_2db6e2de-83d7-44d7-9acf-89c42a2613f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_127", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of nests or clusters next to a large-caliber blood vessel is a characteristic feature of invasive cancer.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_ae3c3d03-a27d-4ba6-9a7d-f6b7a6a6f422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_128", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of cells with basally-oriented nuclei and apical-oriented mucin, which are frequently encountered by practicing pathologists. Reactive forms with nuclear enlargement and focal nuclear enlargement can also be noted in endocervical curettage specimens. Drying artifact is often present and must be interpreted within the context of other cells in the specimen.", "image_path": "D-oDbGdf_0k_image_d7604d81-1563-49d8-a945-69fd1e0d74f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_129", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular and massive cells with vesicular pattern chromatin", "image_path": "Y3FlxCP_YZg_image_d91ca677-593f-459b-931d-bfde1e1fa80b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_130", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sparse lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_131", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue appears papillary and apocrine, with a benign neoplasm called an adenoma.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_833c7054-5daa-4f62-9ac7-238027becedf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_132", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Columnar epithelial cells with low columnar appearance, serous glands drained by intercalated ducts and striated ducts.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_92d57657-6a41-4a83-b007-c880af599725.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_133", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No true boundary with the fibrous stroma.", "image_path": "jkUCIcaE4gA_image_d2818705-cecd-4764-86f2-faa36e4bd455.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_134", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smooth borders are seen in most lesions, except for myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "J4CN_3Gma8g_image_1caad979-7883-49a1-8647-51f118ba5269.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_135", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis for a renal mass includes oncocytoma, chromophobe renal sacroiliac clear eosinophilic variant, angiomyolipoma, oncocytic carcinoma, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma, tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma, and tubular sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_bd3975cc-8d2a-43c5-8d56-669034e955b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_136", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes Spitz nevus, blue nevus, granuloma annulare, fibroma, and dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "0Ez02wBaXlw_image_fa2a3496-1bdd-4c87-8e67-d94bc879d014.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_137", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DLE causes interface changes at the DEJ.", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_138", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin is the key stain for identifying tumors with beta-catenin pathway mutations.", "image_path": "TuqEpNQft0s_image_d2f49968-b969-4bc5-9b1c-cb57c32d439b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_139", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has an origin with basiloid nests and keratocysts.", "image_path": "88DgBZbNv8o_image_11f25f67-bf1f-4789-b786-8e6c586355ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_140", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous granulomas with multinucleated gene cells are present in the dermis, indicating lepromatous type of leprosy.", "image_path": "75NxQN6RZIw_image_683741d9-e907-4c18-a5f4-b38cb76e47b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_141", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis or subcutis.", "image_path": "oOT4rco4ZFQ_image_16aff057-b577-48ea-a62c-2f84ec8ce3f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_142", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_94389f16-cde6-481b-963f-9d68db204426.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_143", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described tumor is a well-differentiated grade 1 endometrial carcinoma.", "image_path": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_144", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the uterus, including the myometrium (composed of smooth muscle) and the perimetrium (composed of connective tissue).", "image_path": "tcxQe7t1fT4_image_74d9a910-8373-479e-993e-6d518a1e7a2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_145", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of bile duct injury with irregular lumina and unevenly spaced nuclei.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_35cfe1c2-fff5-4fa0-af71-ceb6c8b6e706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_146", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No abnormalities in the epidermis.", "image_path": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_147", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes are present in the lower portions of the dermis, with smaller nuclei and less abundant cytoplasm.", "image_path": "yKy4I7vNtVo_image_15c7891c-2eca-4f1e-b139-c1d0111caba5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_148", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_149", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PAS positive amyloid is also demonstrated.", "image_path": "uvlcvGmqx0g_image_65da9a4f-c258-4524-bbcd-d27a0048d961.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_150", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The core of the villus contains immune system cells that migrate to and from the epithelial surface.", "image_path": "9O_j4IJ6PpY_image_eacfd516-3078-4cb8-8cdf-3d0a73d03e20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_151", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of tissue structure with fat, blood vessels, fibers, nerves, and smooth muscle.", "image_path": "5Xry23BaoZ4_image_b9c25db4-ee13-4a73-96c8-05a10f4694dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_152", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis has collagen with spindle to stellate cells, some of which are boomerang or triangle-shaped.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_153", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of fibrinoid necrosis in a specific area.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_a1f7a27a-4ff1-440a-bc08-b50b74b03b8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_154", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Strophic collagen is seen in the interstitium, fitting into smoking-related interstitial fibrosis.", "image_path": "ilhhTGErMvU_image_b118410c-ed4d-48da-8a15-98287cb50d91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_155", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a type of xanthoma.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_156", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Further evidence is needed to differentiate between lymphoma, sarcoma, and neuroblastoma based on morphology alone.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_15823261-9f37-445d-9185-82ba30c81cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_157", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen’s disease) also exhibits pleomorphism.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_fc567df4-90b0-4430-b229-3ddfb0cafb10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_158", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LCV is not the primary pathology from an immune-mediated standpoint.", "image_path": "4PjhlrxDhzY_image_27c0f7d5-abef-4b20-b608-635a6ad12b6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Rheumatology']", "id": "train_159", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with germline BAP1 abnormality are at risk for various tumors, including uveal melanomas and mesotheliomas.", "image_path": "CYXSteMji7A_image_df2afbbe-255d-41a2-9ef7-f0c72c584914.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_160", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) requires large surgeries and has a tendency for locally aggressive recurrent disease.", "image_path": "qoZpo2H1gaw_image_e7bfdb21-5b6c-49cd-9523-6bb83b6dad9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_161", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A carcinoma that has invaded only a little of the submucosa can be confidently called an SM1.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_3c9b9ecd-1328-4898-9725-5a717588b386.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_162", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clark level one is within the epidermis, level two is within the papillary dermis, level three is the papillary reticular dermal junction, level four is the reticular dermis and level five is in the subcutis.", "image_path": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_60749a7c-a004-4c41-b710-b603b84ee93d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_163", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Micro-necrosis foci are typical in meningioma, characterized by pycnotic small nuclei falling apart and scattered throughout the tumor.", "image_path": "GeEkizDf2H0_image_b2308c59-da62-4f77-ab97-634888525aaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_164", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of needle-shaped crystals in the material", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_adc6d72e-9902-466a-a39f-549b504c5156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_165", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasis reaction pattern observed in the epidermis, with a clearing or ballooning-like degeneration of the stratum corneum.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_6af434f9-64aa-4439-86e8-ab6de8d4af67.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_166", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Flexner-Wiener/Wintersteiner neuroblastoma represents early retinal differentiation and has a central lumen.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_167", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adrenal rest can be seen in the testes and is usually a small, encapsulated lesion that can fit onto a slide.", "image_path": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_544df297-f3ee-41cd-99c8-46c60adee544.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_168", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Aversion canals branch off from perforating or Volkmann's canal.", "image_path": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_b9377ac8-867e-4ccd-9900-9e5ec038b716.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_169", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Example of a case where myoepithelial cells were misdiagnosed as melanoma due to their appearance and S100 positivity.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_6f7b5911-c5b9-4ea8-8e48-bae0df3ff3cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_170", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Syncytial change and fibrin/thrombi associated with fibrinoid necrosis are present.", "image_path": "u7bRzFBefW8_image_582fbc57-fff5-4caa-9a64-52720189e213.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_171", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of sclerotic collagen or fibrous bands can be minimal in some cases.", "image_path": "UDtMreyQ9xc_image_6997add8-3fc8-45c1-80e9-0f993fb52ade.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_172", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor islands have basophilic cells and shadow cells with distinct border and central nuclear shadow, often small round eosinophilic centers of ruptured keratinization.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_173", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be a wart with a thick layer of keratin on top, clinically referred to as a cutaneous horn.", "image_path": "P6Ayf9m8TBU_image_b1eebc9f-c740-4652-b069-778cfe6ed58b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_174", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of yeast with a capsule and halo, consistent with cryptococcosis.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_bc8d5683-e5ce-40fe-a909-6f647e7143bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_175", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be a pedunculated papule that was shaved off for biopsy.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_56583177-316f-4a7e-8141-5f4cf911a306.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_176", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 positivity is seen in almost 100% of benign and borderline phyllodes tumors.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_f142e5f9-345b-45cf-a6b6-44587586baac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_177", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the physical characteristics of the glans, including their round and big shape, lack of angulation or desmoplasia, and presence of lamina propria and smooth muscle.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_c978a8e0-0166-40c2-8dd0-b9a87f164b29.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_178", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chordoma is characterized by cords and chains of epithelioid cells in a myxoid background.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_f8bf4347-82ca-4cb9-aa89-d0e865415bde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_179", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclei are elongated or oval shaped, unlike normal thyrocytes.", "image_path": "6TQnYkaQEwE_image_65a97c63-e8c8-49f5-97cf-75a560ee17e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_180", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of connective tissue scars as corpus albicans.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_bd2c5b28-27b2-482f-9a53-c515c3a38843.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_181", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and individual deposition of collagen fibers seen in the section.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_344f0244-9528-4b87-bc0f-e3fd7f86493c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_182", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcification can result in central degeneration of collagen and histiocytes, resulting in a suppurative granulomatous pattern.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_3e935c4a-a82c-41b3-9393-413c10840af0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_183", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are present in the infiltrate.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_b255d2cc-c012-44b1-a256-3df979def472.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_184", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Barrett esophagus is the likely diagnosis, negative for dysplasia.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_7644c1d1-4979-4707-8912-8f0bfb95d19b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_185", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No infiltration or mitotic capturing is observed in the stroma.", "image_path": "keSHQoiWm3c_image_f0ae3f00-b544-4ad2-98bd-ff39e5786ef6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_186", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of lymph node histology and anatomy, including the outer limiting capsule of collagen, subcapsular sinus, cortex, medullary sinuses, trabeculae, and reticular connective tissue.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_724b5c24-ced5-43dd-aaec-8f73e7466f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_187", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is histologic similarity between this case and a clonal seb, with uniform cells and no atypia.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_188", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa is made up of the muscularis mucosae, the lamina propria, and the epithelium.", "image_path": "7v8h6_idAuA_image_cc54c5c7-0483-4fe9-944e-f058e712777a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_189", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a micropapillary serous carcinoma.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_fc733f55-e9bd-49d8-b227-0f50bb8a5505.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "train_190", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_fef13514-e44d-4c2e-b65b-ae12df6dc131.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_191", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The eosinophilic ring involves the intima of arteries in the septa of subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "6LVzYWfk7vE_image_e0204d53-4daf-4592-b8f3-19b1046f3b07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_192", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In a verruca vulgaris or cystic papilloma, any portion of the wall looks like a wart, with papillomatosis, hypergranulosis in the Dell, and a unique stratum corneum of a compact red corneum with punctate keratosis in it.", "image_path": "vCpmglih81E_image_4a20cbd1-49ba-477d-9a98-b8099bb3d5ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_193", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of renal artery closure leading to ischemia and wedge/triangular shaped necrosis.", "image_path": "2N30E728a50_image_eaaad534-3ac2-400b-b5b1-404f8d09c6a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_194", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tertiary lysosomes are portions of fused phagosomes with lysosomes that cannot be digested.", "image_path": "QV1p8tUIjkI_image_08278892-a021-46b2-8e89-cfe077c67dde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cardiac', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_195", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular ostia in discoid lupus may be filled with keratin.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_53f451f9-12e8-4637-8a0a-bd5e20d6b90c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_196", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_197", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a spongiform pustule near volar skin, which is classic for psoriasis but can also be caused by fungi or thyroiditis.", "image_path": "iA553j_NNAc_image_cf40fda2-85a8-4605-ac53-90ebf217c418.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_198", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of desmoplastic stroma response and shape of glands can help distinguish from invasive adenocarcinomas.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_199", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The differential diagnosis includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_c740aba6-25e8-447a-8a3a-ef8b6881d720.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_200", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is a type of reactive change of the epidermis that can mimic squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_62a2f7bf-c3cc-4d10-8be7-fb56789c8cda.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_201", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a papillary pattern on the surface with smaller cells that have more nucleus to cytoplasm ratio and little hobnail type projections. Some areas show karyorrhexis.", "image_path": "X0dKtspwARo_image_941aa957-0878-425a-88cb-1f9b2ec6cd68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_202", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue.", "image_path": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_203", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Obvious squamous cell carcinoma observed as the lesion is deeper.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_c863aae2-fe5d-467e-8a5e-4d49d27be8a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_204", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of increased mucin and unhealthy collagen in the described area.", "image_path": "4bQiMi09YnY_image_7d223913-a69e-436b-9c4c-a83168cdc796.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_205", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear-cell sarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that tends to recur, metastasize to regional lymph nodes, and eventually have distant metastases.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_01263a8b-13c2-4423-903f-59a6ff0a9d05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_206", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Micro glandular hyperplasia may be present.", "image_path": "HQ0jykiHsLM_image_9d80057c-22c7-4529-9946-23615539e34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_207", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of neutrophils, fibrin, and blood vessels confirms acute tonsillitis.", "image_path": "pwo6mRhJgPI_image_81772946-a062-48b3-b64e-acba2c37f191.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_208", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Impetiginized lesions may have neutrophils.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_209", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of individual cells, individual axons surrounded by myelin, and endoneurium.", "image_path": "SDMbq5ido2I_image_5a2bd990-a2fb-42d1-bdda-cc4177882584.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_210", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Physical characteristics of the smooth muscle bundle, including its pink color and organization of spindled cells.", "image_path": "jQHPlTxpgVI_image_d852963d-0493-40f0-823b-515d1748d34a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_211", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vasculitis with thrombosis of blood vessels, intact neutrophils, and limited leukocytic lesion can cause ischemia with overlying necrosis of the epidermis, as seen in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis type two and three.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_5b353d50-2408-4187-a198-fe33a3bb24d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_212", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is a basaloid tumor with a prominent fibrous stroma.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_e4ea7d47-d8f0-4aed-93c9-0bbb3eb33aae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_213", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Double-muscularis mucosae is a space between the upper and lower layers, typically filled with large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.", "image_path": "bBl1aM-u1Lw_image_34af2886-4c0f-464e-9f60-84f16beb30d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_214", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a keratoacanthoma, which is a type of carcinoma. The dermis appears relatively bland with some inflammation in the superficial dermis. Clear cells with vacuolated nuclei are present.", "image_path": "w_AXUj8BSuw_image_d9f5e1d6-eb3b-4c12-9646-bb381bcffe99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_215", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has small epithelial nests associated with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat ducts. Some of these nests have cystic structures.", "image_path": "RG94WnNb0wI_image_f54bd36b-200c-4669-ba4d-105405c5f7e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_216", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Staining with CD68 or Factor 13A is positive for this entity.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_9a0074b9-4a58-4477-aa44-3826084362e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_217", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiosarcoma is unlikely based on the appearance of the biopsy. Angiosarcomas typically have solid, cellular areas but also have more classic angiosarcoma areas in the periphery. Cellular solid areas can be seen in many cases of angiosarcoma, but it's usually a relatively focal finding.", "image_path": "iDIECp58AhI_image_e611a5b0-c9c5-4fa8-95af-88a4d5332b69.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_218", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick collagen in a section of acral skin. Biopsies may appear square due to the thickness of the back. Normal reticular collagen and ratio of fibroblasts are noted for future reference in fibrosin and sclerosing disorders.", "image_path": "h2WHilqqLlQ_image_de637274-8955-4624-bc37-d5d6c328390c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_219", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of dilated blood vessels in the region, referred to as hemorrhoids.", "image_path": "-QoNfyal1bU_image_3ddb0fe0-2026-44f8-be44-3b4e38e27b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_220", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EM and skin of color can be associated with pigmentary incontinence.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_ecd3308c-b126-4f0c-b2a9-c170b7cadb0e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_221", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "SMARCA4 tumors may present with rhabdoid tumor morphology.", "image_path": "EKpPF02Ci6o_image_1e8ae1b6-d0b0-4e58-ae64-d31070741e58.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_222", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action.", "image_path": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_7e915a02-04e4-4cec-95ab-e0dcb80dc2e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_223", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abundant cytoplasm is not seen in small cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_af61fd16-301f-4d3d-beb7-c198589a5a1e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_224", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The finding is associated with PRP, which can be helpful in diagnosis.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_dfc9a84c-f62d-45e0-8cbf-1ded29cfa76f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_225", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Giant nucleus fulfilling greater than four to one rule seen in tissue fragments.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_f2bd296a-869c-4450-a752-19edc0ab88c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_226", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiosis with erythrocytes can be seen in conditions such as PR, PR-like drug reactions, and Ducas and Kapetanakis type of pigmenting purpura.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_ccb26209-cae7-4310-a29f-8ca547e66cc2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_227", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient had an 18-centimeter ovarian mass.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_07842088-383e-4876-b8c4-1e9bb7e18b6b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_228", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PCR was attempted but was negative, AFB seen in the middle of cells.", "image_path": "hlg0epuhze4_image_ccf19fa1-579b-4dc2-9efb-f20a4ccc37bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_229", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cellular neurothekeoma is not a nerve sheath tumor, but often has areas with myxoid change which can resemble nerve sheath myxoma.", "image_path": "obIibd_Xzlc_image_ba97107e-7662-439e-b2d4-f32a17b7462b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_230", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular and massive cells with vesicular pattern chromatin", "image_path": "Y3FlxCP_YZg_image_d91ca677-593f-459b-931d-bfde1e1fa80b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_231", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymph node with effaced underlying architecture and regions of greater cellularity.", "image_path": "CHuKOeaDzB8_image_f0e28185-25c5-4cd0-bfb3-2a38ac63be15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_232", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The thyroid gland has a rich vascular supply, which is characteristic of an endocrine organ.", "image_path": "rKji6imxXzU_image_9252f4b1-c73b-4cc8-86cf-333f36329048.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_233", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are cystic structures and a sinus tract lined by squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_c0e1703e-c944-4a88-80db-c824c78f9be7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_234", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of apoptotic cells with condensed nuclear material and intensely pink cytoplasm.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_44fc4a8a-63dc-474d-a6dd-ab7a7b052a88.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_235", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytokeratin 20 can be used to detect scattered Merkel cell passengers, which are normal Merkel cells that can be found in the basal layer of the epidermis and in hair follicles.", "image_path": "uJziuY54Uzg_image_e172e9c5-a31d-47a5-b07f-fb70f57472fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_236", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The differential diagnosis for subepidermal vesicular dermatitis with polyps is limited.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_252abc7c-7bc0-44fa-9d6b-3d49d547decb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_237", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroblastoma is characterized by the development of neuropils, which are seen as a light eosinophilic stroma-looking component surrounded by neoplastic cells that form rosette-like structures.", "image_path": "aThj55Z1ZBw_image_ecd9510e-fd91-4c18-b031-5c8a3754d3f1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_238", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is hyperplasia and CIV-like changes in one area, but benign ducts and glands in another.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_c57f9520-3278-49a3-a5fd-3ed117ecc430.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_239", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent stroma with clefts between the individual stromal aggregates and not between the epithelial aggregates and the stroma is a helpful finding in trichilemmal epitheliomas.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_a8853fa9-f4d3-4904-ac7a-8a9adc3712e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_240", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cell neoplasm should be evaluated based on junction with normal tissue, cellularity, cellular ATP, mitosis, necrosis, and hemorrhage.", "image_path": "6QiqNCiOJcU_image_74483308-e365-4255-8209-5d810e9cb2b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_241", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a variable nature with some cellular and less cellular areas.", "image_path": "gZcWzxj4Nmg_image_f2c3df77-ae70-4a9c-a4c1-1ffea1fbf21e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_242", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pilocytic astrocytoma is a WHO grade 1 tumor and is biphasic.", "image_path": "bqTuPIw9afM_image_17fdb7a4-6683-42cc-9846-b45c5efed361.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_243", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large retroperitoneal masses may be associated with angiomyolipoma or mesenchymal retroperitoneal growth around the kidney.", "image_path": "r1huTwUtoWo_image_50aa667d-a72b-46d3-a134-24e34bfbdd85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_244", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Markers for epithelial cells such as P40, P63, or CK56 and pan-cytokeratin or OSKR are more meaningful.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_38a71b80-ee10-4282-840b-ae1417b7a79a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_245", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ducts in the area appear to be intralobular, while the islets of Langerhans are intercalated.", "image_path": "VyTVzqNwX9Q_image_cee9aa94-fd44-4fa4-b175-f096d062a99f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_246", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is preserved cytoplasmic mucin and complex architecture, but there is concern for dysplasia at the surface.", "image_path": "ZUnegAmX0zE_image_23e66aad-1396-4d31-afa3-ea315d51cfc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_247", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tongue has filiform papillae that increase surface area for food contact.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_45a9acf1-cbf5-42ea-8423-1c0b3b986905.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_248", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the disintegration of the nucleus and the different morphological patterns it can take, including karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis.", "image_path": "a_BP6Am221o_image_56d73a3f-e77d-4e28-85d3-6e293f2bd85e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_249", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudohyphae formation is a clear sign of Candida infection.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_1f8e0226-6b91-4d8f-a32b-009d9cfde33c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_250", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_251", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma appears sclerotic or fibrotic with some cysts.", "image_path": "fJc72K7XBU0_image_3dae93d2-675d-4bd3-b197-7c17195446a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_252", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells do not resemble adipocytes or lipoblasts and do not show any specific line of histologic differentiation or immunostain profile. Patchy, weak actin staining suggests myofibroblastic differentiation. The likely diagnosis is undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_c4ee8530-abe7-405f-af3f-7dc32e28a5f1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_253", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Limited material can make it challenging to identify chondroid matrix material.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_6cde286d-ec23-4e40-a007-df9780387087.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_254", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prolific papillary pattern and serrated appearance throughout the polyp.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_f5233438-2ef3-4dd7-8416-19c652738ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_255", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The size of the granule is around 40-60 microns, much larger than RBCs and lymphocytes.", "image_path": "-gzNUfkFHaM_image_14c46869-4b03-4e27-b5c2-31dc3f2df0b7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_256", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of specimen as a myxoid lipoma.", "image_path": "k7Uu7qGEs0Q_image_510463f5-9c8a-4fb9-862d-4494964ca8d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_257", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Non-medical grade injected silicone can cause deformities and migration leading to pulmonary emboli and sepsis.", "image_path": "21TXx0O_E5Y_image_1e3f4ef6-b142-45c1-bff0-bb5481432b4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_258", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Soft tissue mass found at the site of a bone fracture in an elderly person, which was a secondary reactive proliferation of reactive myofibroblasts present in the skeletal muscle and soft tissue directly adjacent to the bone.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_1da46b58-1fdf-433a-a0e1-f1b466899e3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_259", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Poorly differentiated lesions with sebaceous gland differentiation may indicate sebaceous gland carcinoma rather than basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_746f4beb-9ba2-4e60-8be4-74a15f726081.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_260", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endosteum and blood vessels are present in the given region.", "image_path": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_b9377ac8-867e-4ccd-9900-9e5ec038b716.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_261", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Describes the appearance of apocrine sweat gland cells, which have large round nuclei that are uniform and prominent.", "image_path": "7M7Ol5StU7U_image_09cdddb7-cccb-4006-bc28-d957ac45c060.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_262", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stratified squamous epithelium of the normal ectocervix is described.", "image_path": "IZ32g_GEOog_image_ab231b6c-ebae-4bed-a360-67d0fecf0247.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_263", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_264", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The specimen shows edema and diffuse infiltration of neutrophils, consistent with a phlegmonous pattern.", "image_path": "BMRVhuV9mpM_image_7ebf3a3e-ab72-4d40-9b43-b155cb040d3b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_265", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intraepidermal infiltration with large and atypical cells.", "image_path": "cQJHhfv421w_image_2dd9d402-bd61-4a0d-9e62-2bea02f9dd89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_266", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Erythropoietic protoporphyria is characterized by deposition mostly around the vessels.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_59e09398-9860-457a-9bba-2be7b606b40b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_267", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic features include eosinophilic cells and areas of invasion into the stroma.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_c5549fc2-9695-421a-8f00-c13ac773f604.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "train_268", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen sections are not recommended for evaluating the lesion margins.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_3fc3887e-37ea-4f5d-ab61-ba200edc1460.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_269", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zinc deficiency can cause a skin condition with similarities to necrolytic acral erythema, pellagra, and niacin deficiency.", "image_path": "8vBV1buQoM0_image_04ff800e-3ffc-47a9-bfa6-fd4f2d9e82d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_270", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Erythema nodosum is characterized by thickened septa and chronic inflammation in the fat.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_e003f1dc-59c6-4d24-ab67-1507888292be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_271", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Juvenile polyps are characterized by expansion of the lamina propria, with a fair number of inflammatory cells and often oceans of eosinophils.", "image_path": "9VZwn5a8qnw_image_d6dd7775-aad9-4430-8637-fe7f2ae0ab7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_272", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "One example of apocrine carcinoma and one squamous cell carcinoma seen in adults with longstanding nevus sebaceous.", "image_path": "d2b8-nMGXKA_image_8a387809-db21-4237-9c99-d9358df55277.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_273", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of acid-fast bacilli in a nerve, which may indicate lepromatous leprosy.", "image_path": "qvfIwOycbP8_image_b1e65bab-0fa2-4a79-91a5-b6a5cf54ca43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_274", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Some portal areas show evenly spaced nuclei in bile ducts.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_35cfe1c2-fff5-4fa0-af71-ceb6c8b6e706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_275", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Image may be mistaken for melanoma in situ without clinical information and pathological correlation.", "image_path": "1yJxvv1xJEI_image_eee96852-35f7-4ff8-94b0-a87acceaf893.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_276", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hypertrophic scars are similar to keloids but stay within the confines of the original injury site.", "image_path": "mmH9PcsJVGw_image_e042d9b1-6275-4fc7-9178-ef0869e48c18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_277", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A mass-like lesion is present on the serosal surface, which could be indicative of IgG4-related disease when sub-serosal inflammation dominates mucosal inflammation and is accompanied by fibrosis.", "image_path": "0oj1ckEA-_g_image_5f39efac-56f0-4dc9-b8cb-8bcf19e983e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_278", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis may not be classic lichen planus, but an unusual variant of lichenoid pityriasis.", "image_path": "w1KvThUxOsk_image_fecee907-c3fe-4d0f-9978-5b78e79484df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_279", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_f5880f6e-135c-4b25-af73-b4ad9a366127.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_280", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_66c7166d-9b79-4d57-b8f8-d427d1c151d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_281", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pattern A has rounded nests without desmoplasia and goes deeper than normal endocervical glands.", "image_path": "UabhnorhisM_image_ded9e151-6025-41b5-8bc6-41b4b13d62c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_282", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ballooning and pallor, the pale white washed out appearance of keratinocytes in the superficial spinous layer is a classic finding in acrodermatitis enteropathica.", "image_path": "_SPNsagiJsg_image_d7fa2aac-5b58-4c52-b3b2-e66d46b8227f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_283", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The Pacinian corpuscle is a structure attached to a nerve that receives deep touch or pressure.", "image_path": "RNL1TFWSkBU_image_10e385d4-7f12-4f76-85d0-9f25da4533df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_284", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eruptive xanthomas are associated with hypertriglyceridemia and have a unique palisaded appearance due to predominantly triglyceride lipid content that spills out of the cells.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_216b89bb-0a94-4ee6-93dc-2d854fa22941.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_285", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of melanoma, including pure desmoplastic melanoma which has better overall survival on a same depth basis than other forms of melanoma and tends to be more of a local aggressive problem than distant metastasis.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_680ef9a7-0536-4263-9e59-648d38f93aef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_286", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_2a80b356-1891-42fa-b1ca-ade04a21dd0e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_287", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of lateral or parallel growing glands on the surface may indicate carcinoma in situ.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_67e1c9a1-4911-4648-8778-18d2a94378aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_288", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of an ulcerated erythematous lesion that may be a high grade sarcoma, specifically an atypical fibroxanthoma.", "image_path": "F-Ky_RuxYA8_image_1306792e-e4d4-482a-a475-bd17171ba7c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_289", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Papillary dermis is pale and beginning to lift up, indicating Wells syndrome or eosinophilic cellulitis, which is a dermal hypersensitivity reaction with unknown cause.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_b55ac910-d1c6-4195-86ea-e7fbca0215d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_290", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clusters of tubes made of cuboidal epithelium anchored in the dermis.", "image_path": "jxpMQj_Q4IQ_image_a3355bf1-4cd6-464c-9bcb-3f8606496178.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_291", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is locally aggressive and infiltrative but does not have metastatic potential.", "image_path": "aH4arK8q_T0_image_95b6a494-a0b8-4833-9390-697b4b5ea755.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_292", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is symmetrical and well-circumscribed.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_293", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatophytes usually appear clear in H&E preparations, while candida and Malassezia are easily visible.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_82eae683-aed8-435d-bce3-5c1896526428.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_294", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor contains large pools of mucin and variable amounts of floating cells.", "image_path": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_5e7da8a7-19b6-49d5-a673-18de590f5337.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_295", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The thickness of the cambium layer and degree of cellularity seen in a rib of a 50-year-old is abnormal and suggests a need for more osteoblasts.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_37547f68-0274-4c73-b1d2-3718d8cdada6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_296", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells with abundant cytoplasm and big round nuclei can be seen in nodular fasciitis, proliferative fasciitis, or proliferative myositis.", "image_path": "JD-L_mfauxo_image_c0190289-8deb-4d3d-b50e-ff4e838daf97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_297", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes within the interstitium and a prominent multinucleated giant cell with an endogenous inclusion of cholesterol cleft.", "image_path": "hmHfJAxbd-0_image_8e731640-fc5e-487a-9c64-1876f881cbff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_298", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium in this part of the gut is a simple columnar epithelium with multiple mucous-secreting goblet cells.", "image_path": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_e4515178-c6fb-450d-b43b-560f29cfcb4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_299", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid spread may be found around the edge of the lesion.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_300", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular infiltrate of pale staining cells is seen.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_603ec566-bb4b-4c60-b478-a295205cb81d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_301", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypia in the cyst wall and parakeratosis in the cyst lumen may be present.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_ae362c77-e9f5-4144-8886-ff0f2329e2e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_302", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discoid lupus can present as a single lesion and may be misdiagnosed as a neoplasm or squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "80C1KqJw43k_image_4fb7d995-5181-4abb-bade-794072d35ddf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_303", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of degenerated collagen, palisading granulomatous, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the dermis.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_294d2938-987f-4a50-9be5-07e0e30cd308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_304", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous carcinoma tends to grow up into the epidermis and can spread pagetoid into the conjunctiva, requiring scouting biopsies and different treatment than squamous carcinoma.", "image_path": "NxfAszMYV1o_image_37c99738-e268-4106-b7da-f85ab64392a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_305", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis between warty dyskeratoma and acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma based on atypicality of keratinocytes and presence of mitotic figures.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_6a0d995f-9c79-4d16-b501-ef59cca23094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_306", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "On higher power, there is a bluish rim to the outside, which is not typically seen as much in sebaceous hyperplasia.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_99df21ff-9cea-414a-b816-fe941d2f5046.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_307", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Some nuclei have a basilar appearance with a glandular or apical secretory pattern type of cytoplasm.", "image_path": "BmA-XHNkhvg_image_40cdf554-808f-4b16-a6fa-98150353e42d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_308", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Esophageal biopsy shows eosinophils and basal zone hyperplasia.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_df1e5817-a80d-4471-8e1e-5c8ce50e2a1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_309", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The kidney cortex contains renal corpuscles composed of glomerulus and a renal capsule called capsule of Bauman.", "image_path": "sZo2CR0qZ9Q_image_132df1e4-d703-4924-8c26-94b840127453.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_310", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the chief cells and oxyphil cells in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland.", "image_path": "C3dx6FZacjo_image_700922a1-9d43-4e26-9271-f2f488876e88.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_311", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A stage preceding bullous pemphigoid involves subepidermal blisters with separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis and a dense inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils in the dermis and epidermis.", "image_path": "1H80iJfl654_image_2b1179d1-acfd-4242-abf2-1dbba9e786ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_312", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_313", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of erythroid cells, myeloid cells, and megakaryocytes in cell clusters confirms the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_af1d6c01-04d5-49b4-ac8a-dea003ad494f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_314", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened collagen in the dermis is identified as another Morphea scleroderma-like process.", "image_path": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_586dec22-a9db-4ea6-bd4d-ebb005c89e8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_315", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High-grade diffuse tumor with a sarcomatous-type pattern.", "image_path": "eptGzJrLHYg_image_ee1c7f7f-c2fd-47a8-b9db-74321436b61f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_316", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunofluorescence may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis before committing to treatment with biologics or systemic steroids.", "image_path": "XrnUcH7flQc_image_3ccd0348-8a77-4b5a-968e-2db0c9a093aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_317", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion often arises near the epiphysis and can be a big lytic lesion in the end of the long bone.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_318", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclear profile and overall size of cells are used to distinguish between eosinophils and mast cells.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_52ce79c6-6f77-49db-a835-abe986095cc5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_319", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of melanoma include asymmetry, pagetoid spread, confluent growth, abnormal maturation or loss of maturation in the dermis, mitotic activity in the dermis, and nuclear atypia in the melanocytes.", "image_path": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_db11a176-009d-495f-a31f-d7f92ba3cb94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_320", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened granular layer indicates a long-standing condition.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_321", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells seen in the image are CD8 and CD56 positive T cells.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_322", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of melanocytes and lymphocytes scattered together is good for a halo nevus.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_ad943c4c-cdb0-46f2-ab55-384f3ff26ab9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_323", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Submucosa contains blood vessels, lymphocytes, nerves, and mucous glands.", "image_path": "rlZHQvpE_WU_image_a96e453f-287c-4018-b985-6c81e2ac86f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_324", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is identified as a spindle cell hemangioma, previously known as spindle cell hemangioendothelioma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_67dcce76-fbdf-4fb5-9e66-50fd8110bdd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_325", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick cornified layer due to pruritic lesions, true blister between epidermis and sclerotic collagen, and vesicular presentation with markedly thinned epidermis.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_c0932820-27ef-4b04-9ad6-458e624223cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_326", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Effacement of the reedy and thinning of the epidermis are features of chronicity.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_53f451f9-12e8-4637-8a0a-bd5e20d6b90c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_327", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Likely diagnoses include Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoma, or small cell pattern melanoma.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_04c22cc7-9067-4f2c-a8ca-4bdf2bbd34a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_328", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reticulohistiocytoma is a rare condition characterized by big histiocytes with a two-toned purple to pink cytoplasm.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_c0ab8e82-5d93-4635-838d-03bc06582355.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_329", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The shape of the nucleus changes from square or round toward the basement membrane to more flat as it gets closer to the apical surface.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_3bae02d2-6afd-4e5c-9211-852df44ecdd5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_330", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multiple sections of the same arteriole indicate it is spiraling towards the surface.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_866a0714-fca0-4627-8d3a-38bf5dcfd1b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_331", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thymoma type B1 subtype is rich in lymphocytes.", "image_path": "3AIkLXNwYkU_image_0418da3c-cf1a-474e-ba39-ab4c422928b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_332", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_04777246-4402-4a86-981c-32af2cb28de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_333", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dilated pore of Winer appears as a comedo or cyst and is characterized by a dilated follicular ostium with aggregations of primitive follicular buds.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_73e120f4-1256-4c53-bf4c-0b17d83b36db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_334", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Skin tags may resemble other lesions and require a biopsy for diagnosis.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_73e120f4-1256-4c53-bf4c-0b17d83b36db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_335", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The image shows a transition to a higher-grade oligodendroglioma, with a densely cellular tumor that can mimic lymphomas.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_e20181ea-f451-463a-a989-38a2050bc2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_336", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dystrophy calcification occurs in areas of necrotic tumor.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_337", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with histoplasmosis are generally severely immunocompromised and there is usually not a lot of inflammation.", "image_path": "uaZ-QvFQIos_image_c0bd3e9c-a30a-41c5-915a-9f9efdbf9a70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_338", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a fibroblast foci.", "image_path": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_0ab3a41c-e40f-4a65-bd97-cf61cf153616.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_339", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stains such as EMA, Desmin, ALK, or PhISH for EWSR1 can be used to confirm diagnosis.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_a2ebe7e8-d8c9-49d2-b65d-3b2052b1c98c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_340", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The circumscribed subcutaneous nodule is not a typical presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_67dcce76-fbdf-4fb5-9e66-50fd8110bdd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_341", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stains can help distinguish Merkel cell from basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "zq51HMJNoZ4_image_b6c84563-b4e4-4a4d-b13a-36ae041c54a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_342", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas cause lipid to leak out into the surrounding dermis.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_343", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of keratinized epithelia in the sample.", "image_path": "B_7-nhLakf4_image_d2ea0f46-1298-476e-ba71-2f9bde975b04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_344", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The submandibular salivary gland is one of the three major paired salivary glands in the oral cavity, with the other two being the parotid and sublingual salivary glands.", "image_path": "IxeCizkWXko_image_a0d60459-e805-473f-bc8d-29c53847d0d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_345", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute inflammation is not always present in acute cholecystitis, but may be seen with secondary bacterial infection.", "image_path": "zth4NYjONns_image_893d7350-773d-471a-a8ac-e1799f768a1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_346", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_347", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is fixed drug eruption.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_348", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Teratoma can make various tissues including cartilage, glands, intestine, and keratin.", "image_path": "Uytjh_tI1-U_image_cea2b1a0-dbef-43f2-a1c6-4bc89df2729f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_349", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_350", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No cytoid bodies are seen in the overlying epidermis.", "image_path": "Wp3uNQQeOAc_image_a63228d3-39d7-4ab3-9241-030289f5782e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_351", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure of the brain and its organization in terms of gray and white matter, gyri, and sulci.", "image_path": "QxLDbmtshPY_image_e8509619-233c-403e-a32d-04eaef0cffe8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_352", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells of trichilemmoma are morphologically homologous to the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.", "image_path": "VG6JdaXZbvM_image_77b12984-da93-44e8-9680-0e7db89a255d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_353", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of polymorphs in lamina propria may indicate associated H. pylori.", "image_path": "WNbZpiY3GY8_image_cc4a95f0-e6e3-407c-a5fb-9a0698568f23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_354", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of benign hair follicles and sebaceous glands with abundant palisading around them, indicating basal cells and not malignancy.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_48277cbe-0235-456d-b05d-2954f06d91bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_355", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in this pattern are not as dark as lymphocytes and are likely neutrophils.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_3377a403-cd0b-47a5-8e7d-c50583f3ba27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_356", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A biopsy was performed, revealing epidermal acanthosis and thickening on the outside, likely due to reactive change and the background nevus sebaceous.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_357", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry for estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors and HER2 is important for subtyping the tumor.", "image_path": "1y9mQFBaEro_image_21bbd5f4-c5da-47fd-8886-26044800525c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_358", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pilomatricoma tend to have a group of passenger Merkel cells.", "image_path": "uJziuY54Uzg_image_e172e9c5-a31d-47a5-b07f-fb70f57472fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_359", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastasis is the most common type of tumor found in the cranial vault, where a tumor from another location spreads through the blood vessels and implants itself in the brain.", "image_path": "CHU-464bph8_image_cdfbdcf3-7901-48f0-b6d4-cc9552f76805.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_360", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of melanocytes in lymph nodes does not always indicate melanoma, as benign nevi can also exist in the capsule of nodes.", "image_path": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_99d9ebbb-80f8-46e7-9d48-f8d06c57a169.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_361", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Colloidal milium is characterized by fractures within the pinkish homogenous material and is caused by degenerated elastic fibers.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_59e09398-9860-457a-9bba-2be7b606b40b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_362", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Emphysema with pigmented alveolar macrophages and inflammation with lymphoid follicle seen in biopsy.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_68f55465-2087-4800-a9ed-2f21e2ef8860.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_363", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of atypical melanocytes at the junction.", "image_path": "NdSOwq1LMXU_image_d9973ca8-1891-4b25-9d10-e484aff70c0f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_364", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is slightly acanthotic with incubation or turning in of the rete ridges and specifically the acrocyringial units at the periphery.", "image_path": "Zb66MfITI-w_image_8a61f10b-af21-4807-af27-2b8302830390.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_365", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal organization with too many cell layers in papillary urethelial structure.", "image_path": "4o0P05kEKAI_image_a7bfc5b5-439c-4fd0-9e61-aff236c350be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_366", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in histiocytic lesions.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_3e935c4a-a82c-41b3-9393-413c10840af0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_367", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mature teratomas with squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_89039e1b-e1f0-4fdc-ac13-dd6fdb35bfa2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_368", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Molluscum is a pox virus infection that can cause multiple lesions on the skin.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_893b9594-9804-4100-ac82-b408e7f6c068.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_369", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of histopathological features of pilar/trichilemmal cysts and their differentiation from follicular and infundibular cysts.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_911dc859-7fe5-40a2-98f3-e9fc7db74b81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_370", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor is not a vascular tumor, important to distinguish between neoplastic vessels and background vascular network.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_06d335e2-793c-4cdb-9b86-d212c9554e30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_371", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histologically, lymphoproliferative agents can cause expansion of sinusoids and atrophy of hepatocytes in the liver, as well as effacement of lymphoid organs by neoplastic lymphocytes.", "image_path": "3XTO6HjQfBg_image_24a9b4f4-926a-42bc-bc3d-3fffa144b473.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_372", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 stain or Sox stain can differentiate between DFSP and neurofibroma, as they are negative and positive, respectively, in DFSP.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_cceb1fcd-90a0-413c-a32b-0fff4ffaa7db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_373", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Active inflammation is present with congested blood vessels and some cell proliferation.", "image_path": "fU2xl-vgr9k_image_9557221a-3ff2-4cfa-989c-ff9bd8e2ffd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_374", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_375", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pigmented airspace macrophages with interstitial thickening.", "image_path": "SnTbrq_wfnc_image_485895ec-5123-47fe-a39c-fbbbe289a9a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_376", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section from the left breast shows a fibroepithelial neoplasm with compressed slit-like benign epithelial component and increased tumor cellularity. Hemorrhage and necrosis are also present.", "image_path": "W7JicrwyF_w_image_95f96090-69e8-4280-99c6-03dabd9696c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_377", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ATRX loss is a positive result in mutant tumor cell nuclei and indicates an astrocytic tumor.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_095293af-c5f4-4c77-a3e2-cdc37de1f907.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_378", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Impetiginized lesions may have neutrophils.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_379", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer.", "image_path": "bhAdg0NfxW4_image_8373b3ff-066d-42a5-a0cf-76dbae620b4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_380", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pattern alopecia is caused by androgen excess and hypersensitivity, leading to large sebaceous lobules on the scalp.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_790dffc1-8616-4e8b-b66b-094cc7b78103.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_381", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of neuroendocrine carcinomas and their molecular and immunosteochemical features. Mention of RB loss and its potential use in classification.", "image_path": "Y9ifskLvSgE_image_b33e8a58-cdf0-46f5-aaa9-cfb8651032d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_382", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nodules in myofibroma are called myoid nodules and are supposed to be muscle-like, but can also appear blue or myxoid/chondromyxoid in color.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_88e77ea9-38f4-4343-9b61-f868bf55d68c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_383", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of elastic vessels within the wall of a blood vessel that expand and recoil to help push blood through the body when the heart ventricle contracts.", "image_path": "xIGuolM39nI_image_f19dea2f-f50e-43e9-a580-d67b1710451c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_384", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perilegional approach is recommended for direct immunofluorescence in Pemphigus foliaceus.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_385", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subnuclear vacuolation is seen in early secretory phase endometrium.", "image_path": "kVr4Ydgi_88_image_3754d9f9-05d2-4c2b-8877-1305d07fbd64.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_386", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate of cells in the dermis with a grayish pink or grayish blue color may indicate histiocytes.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_81973c04-dbf4-417c-9bb7-0dad20410f1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_387", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Damage and destruction of hepatocytes with regenerative activity and rosette-like appearance.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_388", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker notes that in the periphery of a lesion of fibrous dysplasia, reactive background native bone may be seen trying to repair at the edge, and it can have osteoblasts.", "image_path": "e0B1MSg_TRw_image_4fa09719-5928-4abc-afbb-1c93ef11e354.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_389", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue.", "image_path": "kk_2426UA4Y_image_78366c87-60e6-48fb-9d74-2d0d184f19b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_390", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cystic structure is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, which is somewhat papillomatous.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_3ecb7c10-5b49-41b0-85a8-e2c1e4522d3a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_391", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_70e78956-285b-4f12-869e-9ca35befc5a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_392", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bullous pemphigoid can have an urticarial stage without bullae, making it difficult to diagnose.", "image_path": "1H80iJfl654_image_2b1179d1-acfd-4242-abf2-1dbba9e786ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_393", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear epithelial cells infiltrating desmoplastic stroma seen in tissue fragments.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_f2bd296a-869c-4450-a752-19edc0ab88c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_394", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The arrangement of hepatocytes is intimately associated with the portal canals, which supply blood to them.", "image_path": "fZvq86-pUac_image_9cbab322-b7bd-4e91-a7e8-3728e9c0af6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_395", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophilic infiltrate may be followed by histiocytes and eosinophils.", "image_path": "dOHXGSJGTKE_image_1b1e962b-a53a-4df0-a18b-d229281d4059.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_396", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the sample show more mitoses than usual.", "image_path": "edP30WUp_zI_image_c34bcc2f-5bf4-42ba-9813-2499abdf5511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_397", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells are not terribly atypical or pleomorphic, somewhat stellar in appearance, and slightly enlarged.", "image_path": "rgpw6skbEh8_image_a0b210cb-7189-4b69-b56f-36f5b732ab5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_398", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is from sun-damaged hair-bearing skin with features suspicious for lichen simplex chronicus or prurigo nodularis.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_7c0f8510-0206-4c9a-9542-232ef2254916.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_399", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being examined contains both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, including lymphocytes, monocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_cbe24ae5-4b95-4e6b-9ab0-7dfbd4234e4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_400", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The histology shows a follicular patterned neoplasm with nuclear features concerning for papillary thyroid carcinoma, but a definitive diagnosis is difficult without the full house features of classical PTC. Differential diagnoses include follicular variant PTC and NIFTP-P, which is an indolent tumor that should not be overtreated.", "image_path": "OKQ4IY_bFEU_image_4fe00047-801d-4291-a906-8e33b0e9273f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_401", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cleavage artifact is observed with a solid to cribriform appearance and strong hyperchromasia to the nuclei. Well-formed tubules or ducts are present within the proliferation. Reduplicated basal membrane is crushing the neoplastic cells.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_ba56e18f-ede3-44ee-9d37-0e1643db787b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_402", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells have a high grade open chromatin pattern with frequent mitoses and amphiphilic cytoplasm", "image_path": "Ya1dZPD4Q_w_image_a921d5a9-6934-446f-9b66-5723ccc0fd73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_403", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is atypical for classic sweets, and may be consistent with bullous pernio or PMLE.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_a65599a9-2fd8-4203-a8b7-0f55fb2166c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_404", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Coarse deposits of iron can be seen on gastric biopsy due to oral iron or iron sulfate tablets causing gastric erosion and repeated blood transfusions in thalassemia patients.", "image_path": "B61Dz3YhjGE_image_17b96d85-c3e5-43b2-9ed0-91a338f6546e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_405", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cystic fibroadenoma is the likely diagnosis despite some tangential sectioning being present.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_406", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular bone trabeculae are present.", "image_path": "e0B1MSg_TRw_image_7872bacb-7c56-4cc6-98f0-6f9be1e59212.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_407", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of multiple cell types adjacent to each other suggests parathyroid adenoma.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_75ce3137-d086-4f65-b4cb-a391c987b784.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_408", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of spindle cell hemangioma, a benign tumor that can be multifocal and arise inside blood vessels.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_f722a621-0660-41ec-926c-49e9838f281b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_409", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Treponemal stain is preferred for easier interpretation.", "image_path": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_903c80af-d55b-4166-8156-3d5d47224ea5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_410", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section shows the four layers associated with the digestive tube: mucosa, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria, and submucosa containing Brunner's glands.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7bc0805f-41d7-49dd-84cb-e465e12a1938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_411", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Syringocystadenoma papilliferum and basal cell neoplasms can be seen.", "image_path": "7M7Ol5StU7U_image_e676ffbe-7a4c-4d1a-bc9c-ef1e6afb323e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_412", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor.", "image_path": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_413", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bisected punch biopsy specimen from the distal lower extremity showing relatively thin dermis and thick-walled vessels in the papillary dermis, which is common in the lower extremity due to hydrostatic pressure.", "image_path": "aPv0VRHVqCI_image_231c91dd-628e-4729-a0e5-778306ade62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_414", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of eosinophilic cytoplasm corresponds with a higher nucleolar grade in certain areas.", "image_path": "axFN1Ogi-pM_image_43e3daaa-8c59-42c7-8501-89a5bae8ef82.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_415", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the unique histology of syphilis, including psoriasiform hyperplasia, lichenoid reaction, and plasma cells.", "image_path": "I9J2tETPRiI_image_1f03550d-4ede-44d4-89ac-ea9a23402056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_416", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is atypical for classic sweets, and may be consistent with bullous pernio or PMLE.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_a65599a9-2fd8-4203-a8b7-0f55fb2166c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_417", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The inactive breast mainly shows connective tissue and only ducts, with no alveoli.", "image_path": "8lmyKuKR4rI_image_ee8f7f0d-5ef3-49dc-826e-e87825bfcf5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_418", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stroma can be associated with chronic or mixed chronic acute inflammation.", "image_path": "HQ0jykiHsLM_image_9d80057c-22c7-4529-9946-23615539e34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_419", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Verocay bodies are a classical feature of schwannomas.", "image_path": "mL4Z42SWTc4_image_a72ff440-b20e-491e-98e5-7b4111e5531d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_420", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows mostly psoriasiform hyperplasia with some spongiosis.", "image_path": "iA553j_NNAc_image_9e9cfd26-fd5d-41e4-a690-f7deefcab4b2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_421", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of lymphocytic cholangitis and a granuloma hanging off the side of the duct is indicative of primary biliary cholangitis (PVC) in women between the ages of 45-65 with elevated ALP and positive AMA.", "image_path": "8yOR65YKwTU_image_fa8dd686-9390-40d4-b35e-f208475715cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_422", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoepitheliomas typically present as facial angiofibromas.", "image_path": "g8NveoHNUck_image_ec6958e9-53a6-4f10-866c-4bd47886fa0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_423", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endosteum has osteogenic potential and contains cells with that potential.", "image_path": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_424", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nucleus being shown is that of a Sertoli cell.", "image_path": "xA3K3TXx54k_image_df670a57-2991-49e8-b9ca-95703bc1b601.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_425", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma pattern is called acroangiodermatitis and can be confirmed with HHV-8 stain.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_a980dc7c-27d6-42f6-a800-887408659427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_426", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophil seen within a blood vessel, not signifying acute inflammation.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_7ea58cd9-7cce-468d-b4e1-717ef55d1ff5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_427", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma becomes more pink in cytoplasm as it gets higher grade.", "image_path": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_428", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanoma is characterized by cells separated by collagen and loose myxoid backgrounds.", "image_path": "xOQFgyRqkUE_image_d449aa3d-8054-43f5-9329-d89ce4dcee3b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_429", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is pigment incontinence and dermal fibrosis, which are usually chronic processes.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_430", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of free-floating septa indicating emphysema and patchy thickening of the interstitium with prominent reactive type II pneumocytes in some areas.", "image_path": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_2eabe7b8-fa40-478e-a38b-69a55c9d5155.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_431", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Simple endometrial hyperplasia is typically described as having a Swiss cheese pattern, with dilated endometrial glands resembling the holes in Swiss cheese.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_89c24de4-ee90-45fe-935c-237230708788.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_432", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nests of cells that do not resemble squamous cells or form glands are not present.", "image_path": "sYQDldeboBk_image_c920bd4f-e955-47df-9cf3-56f1ba6f3d81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_433", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue contains fibroblast nuclei and numerous blood vessels that supply the smaller capillary beds.", "image_path": "hWdodODUqoM_image_328b0e3f-2642-4c18-8893-54c153b21c73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_434", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Margination of the chromatin is observed, with a darker appearance around the nuclei.", "image_path": "u2IisJQkdDs_image_1229354b-bd68-4403-9562-cb242abb479c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_435", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinomas following the papillary pathway may be both low-grade and high-grade, though a low-grade invasive carcinoma is a rare diagnosis.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_c1f759b3-a8d4-4065-8037-7fd535ecfd9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_436", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratin pearls are formed by entrapped aggregates of parakeratosis in nests of tumor.", "image_path": "UzNnBfo3mhQ_image_3db9177a-72aa-4134-b740-fabfb2971aa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_437", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has papillary projections extending into a cystic space and an elevated proliferation rate.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_60233422-c6ec-4943-a8b4-e1422212912c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_438", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Complete lack of colloid is observed in the tumor.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_967fd004-0555-4cda-93bb-87a13f707f4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_439", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "NR4A3 is a surrogate IHC marker used in soft tissue tumors.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_69a2d570-1f2e-4e87-bf14-b1cdc8a7bded.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_440", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear enlargement and overlapping nuclei are present in the cells being examined.", "image_path": "6TQnYkaQEwE_image_65a97c63-e8c8-49f5-97cf-75a560ee17e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_441", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical mitoses and severe pleomorphism may indicate clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue or melanomas that mimic blue nevi.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_993e375e-c110-48e7-8d5c-1f00b798a55a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_442", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_8820d99a-1f02-4349-b273-720c45947612.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_443", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hailey-Hailey disease is characterized by acantholysis throughout the epidermis and absence of follicular involvement.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_c55b87db-8279-4195-a502-d838298abc5a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_444", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basal cell tumors can sometimes be misdiagnosed as dermatofibromas.", "image_path": "JDQHlSnTDyg_image_0a6ac36d-ed1f-4b64-a7a1-8035a2e33f91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_445", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case involves a high-grade tumor transformation with areas of background acinic differentiation.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_463d6ee3-11b9-4c73-9de3-988999b03f2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_446", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium in this area is benign.", "image_path": "vHA-1xp1rTc_image_df3665de-3286-41e0-9ab5-b2ced6f61a84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_447", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of melanocytes with evacuated or reticular cytoplasm and retraction artifact or lacuni shape of the cells.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_511898f7-c479-4ca4-9c4b-62117de6593f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_448", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of nuclear polarity is also a characteristic of high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_84cf5f2c-fe21-450c-9b00-40b156e26480.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_449", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the hepatic lobule, central vein, and portal areas containing branches of the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and intralobular bile duct.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_1132b86a-e880-4073-bedb-87d7098cd5bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_450", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Whipple's disease appears as globules and dust in a hot pink color on PAS stain.", "image_path": "aLZCGwZH8TU_image_4266d4f5-a445-4d78-ac36-3ab27943d657.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_451", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intravasation is diagnostic of cancer.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_452", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The basal part of gastric glands is more basophilic due to higher concentration of chief cells.", "image_path": "GQ9Bk66N890_image_3d8ef007-9887-4fc6-b630-ec4068d1df0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_453", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is of a suspected inflammatory dermatitis with pigmented maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities.", "image_path": "vo8XKv71tf8_image_bfd679e9-1be9-4b36-b16a-b223c660ea67.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_454", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic infiltrate with scattered eosinophils.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_455", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peribobar inflammation is classic for alopecia areata.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_456", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator points out the muscularis mucosae and identifies clear spaces as nerves, indicating the presence of nerves that innervate the bronchi and bronchioles.", "image_path": "K3ExfNPBVwc_image_d148f36b-1817-4c0f-8ad8-3405eceb0273.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_457", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It can be challenging to differentiate from low-grade myxofibrosarcoma or fibromyxosarcoma, and a high degree of suspicion is necessary when mitotic figures are present.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_458", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of different tumors that can have a similar appearance to the well-circumscribed pink ball in the dermis, including pilar cysts, schwannomas, and giant cell tumor tendon sheath.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_91770373-63f0-4ea3-a27e-07b3403eb635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_459", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dilated vascular spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells containing lymph fluid can indicate a lymphangioma.", "image_path": "4prnXBarImo_image_7a267118-1b24-4c94-8d80-6c2a75e82df1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_460", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The basement membrane, specifically the lamina densa, can be outlined by heavy type IV collagen staining in immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "p89qEhsB-9g_image_6106a26a-e58a-4b03-b5da-e8445afcdf2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_461", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils have red granules in the cytoplasm, which are more red than the pink cytoplasm seen around neutrophils.", "image_path": "h2WHilqqLlQ_image_1e386708-d1a5-4c97-b4e7-ecc7c7294709.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_462", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the sample are atypical spindle cells, larger than normal cells of a neurofibroma, and show evidence of a Schwann cell origin.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_d50f7cd7-48e9-4590-97f4-2779d38e216d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_463", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor being examined is an oligodendroglioma, which has a conventional morphology with little halos and satellite ptosis.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_fd213fb4-a038-4936-b89b-c9001ca4e244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_464", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of granulomas, giant cells, neutrophils, and epithelial histocytes.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_2b72ba85-70b9-4450-9189-c7c567d681be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_465", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have an epithelioid morphology and are arranged in small nests with collagen aggregations.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_466", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous carcinoma tends to grow up into the epidermis and can spread pagetoid into the conjunctiva, requiring scouting biopsies and different treatment than squamous carcinoma.", "image_path": "NxfAszMYV1o_image_37c99738-e268-4106-b7da-f85ab64392a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_467", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The red area is formed of a reticulum of cells with blood sinusoids in between, and the medulla containing blood sinusoids appears deeper. The capsule contains the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata, with fenestrated curved blood capillaries in between. The dark appearance denotes the appearance of the zona reticularis.", "image_path": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_7674f9b7-4219-4693-8b50-9a541fed546e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_468", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxofibrosarcoma is a pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma that can range from low-grade to high-grade.", "image_path": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_24a2f7ca-a451-47da-a2af-25b426733c0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_469", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of lymphatic nodules with germinal centers and plasma cells.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_724b5c24-ced5-43dd-aaec-8f73e7466f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_470", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin.", "image_path": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_471", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An area of the nevus sebaceous started to grow, crust, and bleed, leading to concern for cancer.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_472", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The muscularis externa has circular and outer longitudinal layers and contains the myenteric or Auerbach plexus.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7bc0805f-41d7-49dd-84cb-e465e12a1938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_473", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion being examined has mostly epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, and prominent nuclei.", "image_path": "HDO9vdwBqAo_image_5a7a5ae4-77ea-4b49-9637-1c748e0f45c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_474", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphic liposarcomas tend to occur around the limb girdles and can occur at a wide range of ages.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_ae4a534c-a116-4e5e-8a6a-7432ad6c13c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_475", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphic lipoblasts are not typically seen in myxoid liposarcoma.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_476", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a benign sweat gland proliferation that often arises on the scalp in the middle of a nevus sebaceous.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_ec42a550-0acf-4240-b705-29326f49e6a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_477", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a fracture in a bone with abundant reactive change that was initially thought to be a sarcoma, but was later identified as a clonal plasma cell neoplasm.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_d864e113-a5a4-4df2-b2c2-1f6cf42f1222.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_478", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Observation of ovarian cortex and follicles at different stages of development, including mitotic figures and theca development.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_bd2c5b28-27b2-482f-9a53-c515c3a38843.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_479", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fine spongiform degeneration", "image_path": "IrsvNpaV2Lk_image_b6f70427-0a8a-49db-b545-de1138514c2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_480", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor shows a target appearance with nerves present in the center and entombment of adjacent minor mucous glands.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_0d2e6583-1d32-4702-ae07-b9057049c643.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_481", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The abundance of cartilage in the sample may lead to confusion with a cartilage tumor, but the presence of sweat ducts is key to recognizing the correct diagnosis.", "image_path": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_b41b7f2b-d56d-48c1-a56a-32477278b094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_482", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The necrosis starts to heal by proliferation of astrocytes.", "image_path": "TKgm4BRLAEk_image_b2bb31ac-e136-4ea0-b4dc-8277ddb2b63e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_483", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of seromucinous and serous glands based on their cytoplasmic appearance and secretions.", "image_path": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_38d306a5-8dc1-4c36-9df0-6b846a6918a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_484", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a serrated lesion with an associated mucinous adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_c91bc305-f120-413c-8886-a5c056aebb49.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_485", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermoid cysts are a hybrid of a regular follicular infundibular cyst, a steatocystoma, and a vellus hair cyst.", "image_path": "uQz6g7qXuUc_image_a5b78b1e-fe16-49d6-a115-260ca776fda4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_486", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the physical characteristics of lichen nitidus, including the appearance of rete ridges that contain the inflammatory nodule, and the ball and claw appearance of the infiltrate.", "image_path": "iV3qNkfxo1A_image_d4b78acc-4d41-4e72-819f-26ae0269f5c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_487", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a myometrial invasive tumor with scattered preserved glands and cellular stromal proliferation.", "image_path": "gkCnXlJy7u4_image_73a68e51-69b4-4d63-9de4-6483a08df2ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_488", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation.", "image_path": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_489", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid is seen between tumor cells.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_490", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has multiple growths coming out of his proximal nail fold, possibly Koenen tumors which are angiofibromas.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_60cc6fda-8bca-4043-aeaa-c5e49f76e2bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_491", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macroplastique is present on one side, appearing as angular fragments with a semi-translucent and partially refractile appearance.", "image_path": "sr1ohVqzhK0_image_f235378c-40de-42b6-b8aa-600255866d34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_492", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratinized material resembling fish scales is enamel matrix.", "image_path": "HHp1btztEQ8_image_72b4067c-22d5-47c7-be50-59a3d54601f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_493", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The second biopsy shows enlarged glomerular with minimal fibrosis, edema, and interstitial inflammation.", "image_path": "VwhI1HQi4ro_image_3601b437-dd19-4e66-acbd-26448bfff444.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_494", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deeper sections may reveal granulomas with multinucleated giant cells.", "image_path": "S_5-xb2d8-0_image_fb60a031-379d-41bb-9ca7-a0e2ada31af3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_495", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinically, it may resemble verruca or basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7494a01e-6e65-49d4-bf03-0599b1de29a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_496", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytologic features show occasional dyscohesive cells.", "image_path": "VOqk__izado_image_90775d30-1561-4f7c-b761-a92be7561586.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_497", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The term HSIL is used for high grade dysplasia that is HPV driven in the anal genital region and includes bowenoid papulosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_649bf4c8-82af-45b6-9318-c93eddb24946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_498", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cirrhosis can be classified as micronodular or macronodular, or both.", "image_path": "CV8OYeIUXko_image_7b581a94-9be3-4b95-9fb0-b69899472e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_499", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of nodular fasciitis with myxoid cysts and tissue culture arrangement of myofibroblasts.", "image_path": "ejhZpkhv0Vk_image_89ba0546-8bf5-4107-bf1c-6e326735d034.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_500", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of poorly differentiated carcinoma with atypical cells and lack of polarity.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_93ec60de-3d16-4be3-8aa5-e2c518718bd4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_501", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Physical description of herpes with thick vesicles separating the base of the epidermis from the upper lying dermis.", "image_path": "U5o3msFb_u4_image_dbde3843-45a1-49d1-bd94-37061dfd8eb4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_502", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The granular layer is lost as the cells move towards the tricollemal zone.", "image_path": "ss0DwWugylg_image_1a65952d-2f40-4496-bdc8-ebb484f9e51a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_503", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the chondroid syringoma are uniform and not pleomorphic, with no mitotic activity and evenly spaced. This type of tumor is characterized by ductal epithelium and is regarded as an eccrine variant of a mixed tumor.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_f6e18c3f-82f1-44ee-b1b8-0367e3c48e2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_504", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myrmecia is a viral wart commonly found on the hands and feet, also known as palmar plantar wart.", "image_path": "-2beFTPqWIA_image_e81a8e82-93ee-48b1-b241-e6adb07b1966.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_505", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spar adenocarcinoma may occur rarely and is defined as carcinoma ex spar adenoma.", "image_path": "RQjP3A3YAOY_image_0bb05cfa-26fe-4029-a96c-3165644839df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_506", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen sections are not recommended for evaluating the lesion margins.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_3fc3887e-37ea-4f5d-ab61-ba200edc1460.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_507", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of squamous epithelium is seen, suggesting a neoplasm with epithelial differentiation.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_122d953c-2fde-47cc-9310-a0cbc2b9f111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_508", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Foamy histiocytes are typically seen in these lesions with a sliding scale of variability from virtually none to abundant and predominant.", "image_path": "duzKXi2hRgk_image_10f669a1-2341-43a5-8c12-9310dc1e0228.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Orthopedic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_509", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differentiating sebaceous carcinoma from other adnexal carcinomas can be challenging.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_10f272fe-eaf9-491f-9b52-fdabf9ea0829.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_510", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytokeratin 20 can be used to detect scattered Merkel cell passengers, which are normal Merkel cells that can be found in the basal layer of the epidermis and in hair follicles.", "image_path": "uJziuY54Uzg_image_e172e9c5-a31d-47a5-b07f-fb70f57472fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_511", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Confluent and atypical keratinocyte proliferation over a broad front rules out an irritated seborrheic keratosis.", "image_path": "M55A5InS-OU_image_71cade86-b434-48a4-b026-7a10949f74d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_512", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "E-cadherin positivity does not suggest LCIS-DCIS mixture and morphological assessment is important.", "image_path": "FT_6Lesb7DU_image_eddfef17-1fce-4241-af49-82201a74edde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_513", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of ischemic necrosis and the potential diagnosis of ecthyma gangrenosum, which presents as a purple, black, ulcerated lesion and may involve gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Importance of ruling out other conditions and urgent communication with the clinician.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_2dba0cf0-6e40-4de6-ad80-bd12ef37f11e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_514", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a lichenoid disorder is being considered, and a biopsy of damaged skin may be necessary to make a diagnosis. Lichen planus-like keratosis of MM is a possible diagnosis. The presence of sawtooth-looking readings in the corneum suggests a lichenoid tissue interface.", "image_path": "W7mjj8jIhuM_image_a0ef2cc6-d101-42ff-a308-9e6978d5ef75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_515", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the two types of epithelium within the nasal cavity: respiratory epithelium pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells and olfactory epithelium very tall columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium containing olfactory neurons.", "image_path": "bkSZUHsG1No_image_db7a86c5-7e8b-479c-9bd3-4d969be04695.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_516", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation may be present within the lobule in PBC, but hepatocyte death is not common.", "image_path": "TpYikXO-DfM_image_52674956-cf8d-4501-ae39-30455bf90b7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_517", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Foamy histiocytes in a large nodule suggest a tuberous xanthoma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_81973c04-dbf4-417c-9bb7-0dad20410f1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_518", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sporotrichosis can present with suppurative granulomas, inflammation with multinucleated giant cells, and pseudorhepatia without visible organisms.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_9e46f12f-ebd7-4034-bbb9-856cedcd1eb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_519", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The deep part of the lesion also contains the same type of cells.", "image_path": "HDO9vdwBqAo_image_5a7a5ae4-77ea-4b49-9637-1c748e0f45c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_520", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schwannomas can have palisading, but it may not be in perfect rows.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_cbf97e54-f8ed-4442-b168-3623365f1274.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_521", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Segmental glomerular sclerosis is present at the urinary pole of a glomerulus.", "image_path": "Kk9852Oi1Vo_image_5d64aa96-93d8-43ca-9690-24903d850243.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_522", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of the lighting component of tumors using inhibin-positive cells, which show a much more intense staining pattern with this marker and may be diagnostically useful.", "image_path": "6sxokhYnVFg_image_ac9e79b5-8598-4039-8dd3-1c6944240245.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_523", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macrophages with engulfed bacteria seen in Whipple’s disease.", "image_path": "rlZHQvpE_WU_image_76dcffe3-a0a9-4d4b-9fa7-6faefdea2fc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_524", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of tumor cells in a vessel is not a sign of malignancy in nodular fasciitis.", "image_path": "BC_YmQy4-EU_image_5ca76853-c4a0-4f1b-b893-259e7b4bba66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_525", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Predominantly a plasma cell rich infiltrate is seen within the lamina propria.", "image_path": "2Ygx3i75OSw_image_5d0bf7e1-8be4-4e6d-b37d-84cb531aa658.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_526", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of colorectal epithelium around a lesion is usually a sign of a benign condition.", "image_path": "r7SWcky6V0A_image_e74b3333-28c1-4023-a94b-48cfef5130a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_527", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of seromucinous and serous glands based on their cytoplasmic appearance and secretions.", "image_path": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_38d306a5-8dc1-4c36-9df0-6b846a6918a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_528", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bright red-orange color seen in a tissue section stained with Congo red is typical of amyloid protein.", "image_path": "chx1gb1LuIc_image_32335a4e-4e9a-409e-b737-45317f96781b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_529", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The combination of a silicon reaction and breast cancer is present in this case.", "image_path": "t90-nCa_-5g_image_abcc7b88-cea7-4f4a-be05-69fb4cef0703.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_530", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of single tumor cells", "image_path": "Y3FlxCP_YZg_image_d91ca677-593f-459b-931d-bfde1e1fa80b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_531", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pure transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare tumor and accounts for only 1% of the epithelial tumors of ovary.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_0f334c20-3113-4fe6-b565-bea544561415.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_532", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ewing sarcoma with more pleomorphism and prominent cell nuclei is uncommon but can be seen", "image_path": "04ktJuzyNfk_image_c0a600e7-d0c3-4352-8566-b3cdb5688494.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_533", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No evidence of blister cells, blood-filled spaces, or vascular lumens, suggesting that this is not an endothelial tumor.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_e5ca6247-d6d5-48f7-be8f-f64107f603f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_534", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case appears to be a panniculitis with inflammation in the dermis.", "image_path": "yP2hwmnTxJA_image_6de75e7c-eb9d-49d5-b50d-6c611e3280f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_535", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is not a wart but has characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions of molluscum contagiosum, which is an infectious transmissible disease.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_38dfa23e-22b4-4618-98eb-21f3894e2a90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_536", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of calcium in the findings is associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), which can be inherited or acquired and has been linked to the use of penicillamine, liver transplants, and other inflammatory processes.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_b433be79-dcc3-4968-b2ee-6850f8df4056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_537", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plasma cells around vessels and a lichenoid band, especially without dying keratinocytes, are suggestive of syphilis.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_06b2a172-ffed-416d-83b7-e1586d10fc20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_538", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular fasciitis is a nodular proliferation that is deeper situated into the tissue and associated with the fascia and deep fibroceptia.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_539", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteocytes are trapped in bone matrix.", "image_path": "e6tsGnYa1N4_image_d0712702-2638-4514-aed9-39efb656e4a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_540", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is an example of high-grade basal-type dysplasia.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_69792953-8f6d-48e9-8a92-ea1b1d59d999.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_541", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Combination of foam cells with extracellular lipid is diagnostic of an eruptive xanthoma.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_c9292d94-0ddc-4515-9e07-fdeeb1f2369f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_542", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin has a strange bluish-purple homogeneous look, which may indicate solar elastosis.", "image_path": "6KAsedOyORw_image_0e8f163a-554f-4642-afe0-fdc35751e517.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_543", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Further evidence is needed to differentiate between lymphoma, sarcoma, and neuroblastoma based on morphology alone.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_15823261-9f37-445d-9185-82ba30c81cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_544", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is considering leiomyosarcoma as a possible diagnosis based on morphologic similarities, necrosis, and mitosis.", "image_path": "D5pzStfqRa8_image_cf585b67-d91e-42d5-a702-308a8108d837.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_545", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Additional tests such as S100, Desmin, SMA, CD117, or DOG1 may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of granular cell tumor.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_2df9c66a-bd7c-4f0e-b017-603c73a86b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_546", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with long-standing esophageal varices may have a duplicated muscularis mucosa, which can complicate staging.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_f505c200-1025-46d5-a6be-528c4448e1d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_547", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of ganglion cells can differentiate a neuroma from a ganglioneuroma.", "image_path": "HJm7rn2XW_4_image_8c892133-0540-420d-8fc5-89ea02ebc770.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_548", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibers of skeletal muscle and ducts of Weber's gland present in palatine tonsil.", "image_path": "UvsVvCC0W0U_image_3d7419ca-299a-4aae-9c33-f820023340e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_549", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute GVHD is characterized by dyskeratotic, apoptotic keratinocytes and vacuolar interface change in the epidermis.", "image_path": "POP5iAL3O4s_image_88eb2787-ac22-409a-a0de-fe439f37acf5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_550", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The irritated seborrheic keratosis is clonal and becomes more spindly when irritated.", "image_path": "3mxV67mRuWQ_image_b6ae6885-25d6-4d13-8c2e-06816d7f3897.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_551", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intact umbrella cell layer and fibrovascular core consistent with urothelial papilloma.", "image_path": "4o0P05kEKAI_image_a7bfc5b5-439c-4fd0-9e61-aff236c350be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_552", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Specifically, the epithelium is described as simple columnar with goblet cells and secretory cells with a brush border.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_553", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High grade dysplasia is present in the squamous epithelium and some endocervical glands.", "image_path": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_554", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possibility of liposarcoma ruled out due to the appearance of the lesion.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_b54da7c7-7110-40b6-a7d0-0240662a3050.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_555", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Not usual ductal hyperplasia due to absence of disorderly arrangement as it moves into the lumen.", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_d9dc638b-3da7-4146-9877-f14625b0f7fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_556", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign glycogenic acanthosis is a diagnosis of very little significance, characterized by superficial swelling of squamous epithelium in the esophagus and cervix.", "image_path": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_754ca82e-ac59-49e8-85f4-df8cadec2f64.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_557", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Haversian canals are present, as well as osteocytes in their lacunae.", "image_path": "Rbgbkw-iXLE_image_05c681cf-4a0b-4d7d-a40c-9ac7d64a36a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_558", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recognition of reactive patterns of myofibroblasts is important for pathologists.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_d864e113-a5a4-4df2-b2c2-1f6cf42f1222.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_559", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma type A based on histopathological features such as positive ependymoma, perivascular pseudorosettes, and a cellular zone.", "image_path": "NBFYxOaduzI_image_a251c5d8-5677-4668-a859-d550add9623d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_560", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils are part of the background inflammatory cell population.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_561", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of bone marrow smear showing different stages of neutrophilic and erythrocyte development.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_88d12342-61b3-476f-b5c0-373827bdc516.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_562", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The exocervical or ectocervical epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_563", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The capsule of the cirrhosis may contain fine nodules of about one millimeter in size.", "image_path": "CV8OYeIUXko_image_7b581a94-9be3-4b95-9fb0-b69899472e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_564", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peripheral palisade can mimic basal cell carcinoma, but look for eosinophilic cuticle and transition to clear cells to recognize it as trichilemmal rather than basal cell.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_3e9246f0-4499-4e99-9467-df0291b1c4c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_565", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_566", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a tumor in the ovary that appears as a calcified mass with rounded, nested, lobulated areas and clear cells.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_a19b97f5-42cc-4c8c-b319-4e6deb341541.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_567", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of differential diagnosis for trichodiscoma, fibrofolliculoma, and fibrous papule with a hair follicle embedded in the middle.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_a0aff739-82fd-4d4d-abbc-fd530961d067.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_568", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Residual foci of squamous differentiation may be present.", "image_path": "eptGzJrLHYg_image_ee1c7f7f-c2fd-47a8-b9db-74321436b61f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_569", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appendix can stretch out and smooth out when the lumen expands, resulting in loss of folds and flattening of the epithelium, which may even slough off.", "image_path": "464E3_XIzcg_image_7f883571-3c6a-4669-bcd3-554f69fad65d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_570", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A rheumatoid nodule is present around the outside of the cystic space, which is commonly seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.", "image_path": "TrqUuxBfLNs_image_ee145ef4-f68c-4182-95ca-5ef44b2194e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_571", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lymph node in the USA section has effaced architecture and regions of varying cellularity with atypical myeloid cells that have abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli.", "image_path": "CHuKOeaDzB8_image_f1bf428d-57bb-44d0-ae54-ffaaf396d0e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_572", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Churg-Strauss can present as LCV with necrosis of vessels, flame cells with granuloma formation, or true eosinophilic vasculitis.", "image_path": "EpnODoPHNiI_image_854b85b1-4ccf-426d-b670-871c79d71fa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_573", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_574", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Symmetry is important to judge in compound lesions or lesions with a junctional component.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_21f8585a-238a-4b0e-84dd-33cadbbe8e23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_575", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are arranged in nice trabeculae and trabecular structures with uniform nuclei that are not atypical and quite small.", "image_path": "6SFpBBtgxpk_image_db302036-6a20-4198-b0d9-6f11511f29a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_576", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mitotic figures indicating active division.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_2a73c3c7-81cf-4dff-bf08-1d79840a4717.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_577", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is composed of two elements: an extracellular matrix and a cellular area with dark staining epithelial cells.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_1ca5bc62-d752-4e71-92ed-27b84605e6d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_578", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deep penetrating nevi have an inverted triangular configuration that is typically very symmetric.", "image_path": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_7e282948-2519-4067-9b77-fe8d9fa0169e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_579", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Slightly increased numbers of basal cells.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_580", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thin platensis walls with two cell layers thick, inner columnar epithelium manifesting decapitation secretion, papillary projection sometimes evident, overlaps with apocrine hidrocystoma.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_ece78549-9472-410e-92d0-59bf5bbdba3e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_581", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These features are diagnostic of a trichilemmoma, a benign follicular tumor showing differentiation towards outer root sheath epithelium.", "image_path": "91bmJtttGW0_image_61d0d2ee-1850-4a3e-9910-1cc21ea0a2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_582", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no arborizing smooth muscle present, which is seen in other hamartomas.", "image_path": "NoIocHxe_NQ_image_5e7ea8c6-148b-4d81-b171-14fb5866a33e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_583", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intra-epidermal nests resembling clonal seborrheic keratosis with ducts indicating hydroacanthoma simplex.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_357ddbaa-b5e5-42d9-97cc-53eca8d27624.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_584", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophilic dust damage to vessels can occur in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.", "image_path": "yc_3cAxt7NA_image_aee6210e-fb98-4d4c-8d18-bde270e6618d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_585", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Grocott’s methenamine silver stain shows black dots in alveolar spaces where exudate is.", "image_path": "fH8kRW3flOs_image_0e387330-28be-4d36-b349-c389f6f496a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_586", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Central acinar cells are visible in the initial part of each excretory duct of the acinus.", "image_path": "zpWTyTvoLRk_image_aee4a4b2-8f1c-4c12-855b-e864ce97870d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_587", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor has voluminous amounts of cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli.", "image_path": "B6bngJck9EE_image_a2c9fb7d-f25f-4f03-8d8d-da7e644a07ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_588", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible atypical mycobacterial infection causing a mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor.", "image_path": "hlg0epuhze4_image_ccf19fa1-579b-4dc2-9efb-f20a4ccc37bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_589", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Actinic keratosis is characterized by atypical cell nuclei, increased amounts of pink cytoplasm, and disorganized atypia in the lower parts of the epidermis.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_590", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Maturation of umbrella cells at the top of the urothelium.", "image_path": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_591", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large structures organized in rings are seen in one of the crypts, which are similar to the lumpy grains seen in actinomycetoma.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_964ccb8c-6244-410f-b3f8-bebfd9ffd60f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_592", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial dermal infiltrate with fair amount of pigment can indicate tumoral melanosis, which usually means aggression of a tumor. The regressed melanoma is also mentioned.", "image_path": "P5L21qkpB5w_image_22ddebb1-3ea3-4db7-8a91-822e29d356ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_593", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrin and tumor cells are seen in lymphovascular invasion.", "image_path": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_73d3f57b-43d1-406d-b530-d1aefe291706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_594", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Palisading granuloma is a pattern seen in granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodule, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fdec37-3457-4528-96eb-ef57a768602a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_595", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Radiation dermatitis can result in severe changes in the skin depending on the dose and other factors.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_302b4314-395b-4faf-8395-c074f8cfb414.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_596", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cracking artifact related to calcification can result in no lesion being present.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_597", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma in situ is present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_598", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle-shaped cells and positive myoepithelial markers suggest a myoepithelioma.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_d3a68c26-3c7c-443d-819f-00299207f197.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_599", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Relatively early polychromatophilic erythroblasts with slate gray cytoplasm and intense nuclear clumping.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_adc43916-5063-464c-8d0e-861161ec8621.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_600", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The discussed tumor is a Brenner tumor, positive for CK7 and thrombomodulin-modulin and EMA, and negative for CK20.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_601", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue shown is dense regular connective tissue with fibroblasts, possibly from a tendon, fascia, or tendon sheath.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_29123119-bb9f-49cd-8218-331a206c45ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_602", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible lacrimal gland identified with mucin glands and ducts.", "image_path": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_5e7da8a7-19b6-49d5-a673-18de590f5337.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_603", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_604", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of degenerated collagen, palisading granulomatous, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the dermis.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_294d2938-987f-4a50-9be5-07e0e30cd308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_605", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Exophytic growth of epithelium with formation of papillae and thick keratin layer in condyloma of the vagina.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_92cade5c-961c-458b-94a0-a8058628dfa9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_606", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_4f647c67-f76c-4e4e-8e28-3e2b9f035913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_607", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a condition with histology that is identical to another condition, possibly with interphase dermatitis. The patient has extensive sclerosis of the dermis and infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells, similar to morphia or other forms of scleroderma. Eosinophilic fasciitis is considered a variant of scleroderma by many.", "image_path": "Fg2AL15PnaY_image_06906c73-6a82-457d-9274-c1a11f7bc4e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_608", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of one vessel and LCV in a punch biopsy.", "image_path": "StyeGPWYISI_image_7418363c-7d0c-44d6-adf2-220c2772ff4a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_609", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichilemmomas are relatively common skin and nexal tumors.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_610", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudostratified epithelium with ciliated surface.", "image_path": "jObey3wgCcM_image_3a4a1677-3d9d-481b-993e-6bd8ef221c80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_611", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis of a lesion on the face based on age, location, growth, and histology.", "image_path": "K8-DE3csg5k_image_a40aa7a4-95ab-48fe-a3e3-58dea1b3ffb5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_612", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa appears folded in the image due to the contraction of the muscular wall.", "image_path": "1WOcWthZjrE_image_fb01bc56-582f-4f97-be27-c8640aeb36b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_613", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation and rubbing on a lesion with no atypia or thinning of the overlying epidermis. Presence of inflammation in the dermis and giant cells, but no bacterial clusters or evidence of fungal infection.", "image_path": "0hFsbUrU2oQ_image_3e87351d-b84d-470a-85ef-3188121b70d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_614", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fungiform papillae contain a thin layer of keratin and have taste buds on the dorsal surface.", "image_path": "Qp7_vF-eUKE_image_a24c6f5a-7a90-47d8-aacd-75efabbcdad5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_615", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cigarette smoke causes irritation of normal respiratory epithelium and can lead to squamous metaplasia.", "image_path": "8El0TyzAyGk_image_f44e1ad9-eaa1-4065-99d6-785e10ce445b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_616", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extracellular lipid is present as clear, feathery, pale, slightly basophilic material.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_c9292d94-0ddc-4515-9e07-fdeeb1f2369f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_617", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Meningothelial nodules are observed as rounded arrangements of cells.", "image_path": "JgN-eSFPI1g_image_71f31214-0cdd-4a43-82f2-f37e510fa90a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_618", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is a grade one myxofibrosarcoma, which is a low-grade tumor.", "image_path": "X_mW9GAT5do_image_894c37bc-5d49-439e-8a53-bcbfb41cd658.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_619", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows reactive epidermal hyperplasia and a dermal infiltrate with cystic breakdown.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_b09a5af4-9449-4fb0-a326-4e97a5ce2d89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_620", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intraepidermal infection induces a brisk inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes, neutrophils, and histiocytes.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_78e51f83-c1b5-42d3-85c0-73c299326bf3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_621", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic count can help determine malignancy and guide management.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_82eb30cb-0a09-4b7d-aac8-5383b897c44d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_622", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of plicae circulares, which increase the mucosal surface area.", "image_path": "M6zcmsy8c-o_image_b8bf3b1c-92d5-4b6e-a265-3bcbe0e0d9a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_623", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biphasic epithelial cell and stromal cells with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.", "image_path": "vkGkucnTMFs_image_c22a07f3-9cae-4e38-9152-219e262e3c8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_624", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Antibodies to human growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, and LH can be detected through immunohistochemical staining.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_5bda5097-1776-41f2-870b-0ded0c6ef128.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_625", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lamina propria is filled with immunocompetent cells.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_febefb07-f803-495b-991e-bed2a89025ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_626", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In a B3 classification, sheets of cells without intervening immature lymphocytes are seen.", "image_path": "RAzbjf2f8oo_image_93374407-700b-4481-aa26-6c7764d8da02.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_627", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_628", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Wrinkly, rippled undulation pattern in fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions is known as the ramen noodle sign.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_629", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of neuroendocrine carcinomas and their molecular and immunosteochemical features. Mention of RB loss and its potential use in classification.", "image_path": "Y9ifskLvSgE_image_b33e8a58-cdf0-46f5-aaa9-cfb8651032d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_630", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute appendicitis can progress from mild acute inflammation to poor lent appendicitis, ulcer of phlegmonous appendicitis, and finally to gangrenous appendicitis.", "image_path": "kYRnx_F3TQ4_image_1707da97-1194-4a08-a599-ed1b16df84ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_631", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of IgG4 plasma cells suggests IgG4-related disease.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_df1e5817-a80d-4471-8e1e-5c8ce50e2a1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_632", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of calcium within tissue is due to dystrophic calcification, a long-standing degenerative process.", "image_path": "SUrGMHfi_eo_image_215be64d-c400-4997-b347-6b2b97862145.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_633", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Brachyury can differentiate chordoma from myoepithelioma.", "image_path": "ejuBruDe3rc_image_e129c6b8-005e-440b-94fa-8081cbfff597.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_634", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described cells are B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_2542cd4b-2ef2-4963-8118-674160000d91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_635", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of dysplasia and near solid growth with complex architecture and stromal fibrin deposition with mucin.", "image_path": "jkUCIcaE4gA_image_d2818705-cecd-4764-86f2-faa36e4bd455.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_636", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of proliferating pilar/trichilemmal tumor based on squamoid islands and cystic space.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_911dc859-7fe5-40a2-98f3-e9fc7db74b81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_637", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoglein one is strongly expressed in the superficial epidermis.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_638", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An ink dot is seen at the distal stock margin.", "image_path": "xIjVydTmsSA_image_6abe6701-0a45-4ce7-b6f4-a081ce9032c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_639", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant osteoid with no intervening stroma between osteoblasts is indicative of osteosarcoma and not osteoblastoma.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_640", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoid tumors are classified based on anatomic distribution: extra abdominal (60%), abdominal (20-25%), and intra abdominal (15%).", "image_path": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_22dd443b-bd6e-4753-a501-50ba49a5da54.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_641", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cystic spaces may be present, lined by pink staining cuticle.", "image_path": "iDVaGqPyyNE_image_cea0553a-2fbd-4a06-a2b7-fd040c02cb71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_642", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is also a possible case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with atypical keratinocyte nuclei.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_2afebe0e-201d-402a-bb5a-5b8e8c8fb95c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_643", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P63, P40, and CDX2 staining do not affect the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_95651f10-7443-411a-8bf4-da7d330fa7af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_644", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is a punch or excisional biopsy that goes all the way down to the fat, providing information on the size and depth of the lesion.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_4e7d1dcf-dc93-42f8-a814-b74c2d11a9a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_645", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of foamy cells with epithelium around them suggests sebaceous glands.", "image_path": "QZwad9UWrv0_image_18ec7ea2-df91-46fd-8e76-9ab34b5076d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_646", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrocaseous tuberculosis is when caseous material is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and active granulomas may not be discerned.", "image_path": "Q2W9px-vvxI_image_9faab088-92b5-48d0-92bd-c6abf97b9cff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_647", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The serosa, visceral peritoneum and mesentery covers the transverse colon and sigmoid colon.", "image_path": "hLjFYN-ubNI_image_1ddca56a-2f9d-401d-9ba8-74f5780335b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_648", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of normal ovarian structures in next case.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_3a6bf9c3-02eb-4be1-9a38-c3cfe8006334.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_649", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of calcium and osteoid formation in a tissue sample.", "image_path": "F23Q40qyh7Q_image_f99bccce-7027-4a95-b4c3-8f8faefb491b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_650", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cellulitis or erysipelas may present as a relatively diffuse infiltrate.", "image_path": "dOHXGSJGTKE_image_1b1e962b-a53a-4df0-a18b-d229281d4059.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_651", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Occasional mitosis is present in fibromatosis, but it is not a cause for concern.", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_dd27dbe3-7ec7-4d80-b7e9-c24f941112c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_652", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parakeratosis in the stratum corneum and acantholysis with dyskeratotic keratinocytes indicating FAD.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_6a0d995f-9c79-4d16-b501-ef59cca23094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_653", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hypercellularity is seen in the tumor.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_654", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are epithelial aggregates composed of uniform keratinocytes extending from the undersurface of the epidermis into the dermis.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_655", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The normal skin includes sebaceous glands and the entrance to a hair follicle.", "image_path": "WcHwJ_H2n24_image_0646032c-3c96-4a5b-a4e6-3e2e927cda43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_656", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sheets of epithelioid histocytes.", "image_path": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_657", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a punch biopsy showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) in the dermis around vessels.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_25e3b830-a398-4f78-bbc1-5440c39a1840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_658", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Overview of biological principles of the disease at the cellular level and why some therapies have failed. Hypercellularity and atypical cells undergoing rapid cell division.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_266151b7-4d3a-4e7c-8ac0-62f9e9d82ffa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_659", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Red blood cells are devoid of nuclei once they leave the marrow and are mainly composed of cytoplasm.", "image_path": "8ZwPLs0jh8U_image_6baf110b-5974-4af7-8b70-d43a9277f719.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_660", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endocrine mucinous sweat gland carcinomas usually occur near the eye and can evolve into invasive mucinous carcinoma.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_a7993b51-3f88-4f53-a8ca-d70f2fbeae8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_661", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The fibrotic tracts at the sites of extinct follicles are due to chronic slow fibrosis.", "image_path": "BxdEFa6eGEA_image_c122c279-d791-4dab-899c-8913d5bb5f03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_662", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vascular marker testing should be considered for epithelioid tumors that cannot be classified.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_c75fd3d2-4e60-41b6-bbdd-fd8c71c0063c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_663", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Theca interna cells secrete androstenedione in response to LH.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_8e88bd6c-c5b1-48f9-85f0-7e708741bdff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_664", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with slightly variable but mostly uniform and round cell nuclei.", "image_path": "BmA-XHNkhvg_image_40cdf554-808f-4b16-a6fa-98150353e42d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_665", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation.", "image_path": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_666", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is characterized by a lichen pattern inflammatory lesion with lymphocytes and probably a few plasma cells.", "image_path": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_c374ca1e-1fda-4743-8eb2-d277e99409da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_667", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stains commonly used include S100, mammaglobin, Dog1, and P63.", "image_path": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_05437bd8-4012-4796-a28c-ebd56a637de5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_668", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm with no involvement in the epidermis is present.", "image_path": "enYtcGSWC5w_image_34da19e0-b75a-40b1-b9e6-6c05118c2f9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_669", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tunica adventitia is the thickest wall of a vein.", "image_path": "iuaTmmjmqyA_image_5e540173-97e2-41c9-9fdf-3278c5be2218.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_670", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intra-thymic parathyroid gland is identified during surgery.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_75ce3137-d086-4f65-b4cb-a391c987b784.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_671", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows an organism affecting the hair follicle, causing degeneration.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_a5c4dcf6-c407-4c9a-8fce-4a59df39be05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_672", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregularities of the nuclear membranes and typical longitudinal grooves are present.", "image_path": "6TQnYkaQEwE_image_65a97c63-e8c8-49f5-97cf-75a560ee17e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_673", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are spindle cells at the very deep margin of the lesion.", "image_path": "DPNfNuU_49I_image_e96ab633-d6cc-4ffa-9830-9ea7094044cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_674", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense regular connective tissue with cells and nuclei arranged in rows.", "image_path": "5kmZ2Yo-gEg_image_f31ca5db-a944-4d5c-8f0b-cb104353b69f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_675", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormally arranged adnexal structures can give rise to a variety of different adnexal tumors, most of which are benign.", "image_path": "7M7Ol5StU7U_image_e676ffbe-7a4c-4d1a-bc9c-ef1e6afb323e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_676", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by the malfunctioning of GM-CSF, which leads to the inability of macrophages to clear surfactant.", "image_path": "Loj1ms9sd0c_image_8ee72067-b59b-4cb8-aa0e-dc0d583dc653.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_677", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have a loose, feathery arrangement and stretch out multiple cytoplasmic processes.", "image_path": "wj4KG2fmOGk_image_e0b9d95c-336f-4cf5-947e-f3498fe75567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_678", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bowen's disease is a form of squamous carcinoma in situ with full thickness, significant atypia, or a clonal look.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_75c6348a-6b50-43af-8c90-efa64020216e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_679", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Monsel's reaction produces a yellow-brown pigment within macrophages due to the presence of ferrous sulfate, an iron-containing substance.", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_3a7f7b65-48c9-4945-b1c5-654827844671.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_680", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection in the vulval region.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_92cade5c-961c-458b-94a0-a8058628dfa9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_681", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7494a01e-6e65-49d4-bf03-0599b1de29a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_682", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In later stages, fibrino necrosis may not be visible.", "image_path": "6LVzYWfk7vE_image_e0204d53-4daf-4592-b8f3-19b1046f3b07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_683", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils and nuclear dust, indicating leukocytoclastic process.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_684", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_6631c3e4-dc4a-475f-b36b-e38d89ffdba4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_685", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The punch biopsy shows normal epidermis and dermis, but with dark/black areas in the perineural and perivascular regions. The nature of these areas is uncertain, and could be either inflammatory or neoplastic.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_6c3e5ba4-2c66-4cbd-b47c-fc390fdfff06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_686", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopically, lymphocytes are seen infiltrating and spreading upward along the basal layer of the epidermis.", "image_path": "a2FkQh_VTpg_image_345a7cb0-1547-4487-ad44-1d502545d1d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_687", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a clean sub corneal split is seen without neutrophils or inflammation.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_cd9fd25e-48c1-4459-8a6f-93c9f4eb7dd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_688", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils is characteristic for clear cell acanthoma.", "image_path": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_dc89033f-4a60-4f72-a1da-cf31d5ba66f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_689", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of these lines indicates non-dysplastic epithelium.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_fc482707-4d78-437a-bd63-f042a57f328d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_690", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other pigmented forms of fungi like blastomycosis can cause epidermal reactive changes.", "image_path": "ZuxEmicPZac_image_e1312dd9-691b-4e7d-ab9d-78fb2b448108.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_691", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is characterized by subcorneal pustular neutrophilic abscess and eosinophils in the dermis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_b7768c85-bf6b-4145-ae6b-b82ce83194ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_692", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The 3D structures are elongated and hyperpigmented, which is unusual for lupus.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_e2273a0f-1fb7-492a-bc4a-6476934a1dfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_693", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Complete and conservative excision is recommended.", "image_path": "VXpcFYy1cZg_image_830f86c7-4035-4b96-8510-28de75598211.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_694", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Relationship between the nail matrix and the location of pigment or parakeratosis.", "image_path": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_695", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cells with pink-staining cytoplasm, uniform nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_696", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difference between scarred LCH and SRIF is the diffuse alveolar septal expansion in SRIF.", "image_path": "UpoSccgVXt0_image_038f17e6-97d0-42b3-b9f1-1a89fbcefa59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_697", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The preparation has been stained specifically with carmine or some other dye to demonstrate glycogen.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_2df004ec-9b43-411b-aee9-890984fbd2ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_698", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presented case is an interesting variant of a basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "21TXx0O_E5Y_image_e4e09f01-f44e-456a-afab-e6e87beb3a43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_699", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has infiltrative biology, making it difficult for a surgeon to completely remove all cancer cells.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_700", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The elevated alpha-fetoprotein may be related to the presence of yolk sac tumor.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_962ea6ec-acb9-4db3-9de1-fdd8098e1d78.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_701", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Circumscribed subcutaneous nodule is not a typical presentation of Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "1q6cDHFLy1g_image_850a1ea3-9551-44b7-9bf0-b6a8dad0d798.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_702", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinical follow-up is recommended for atypical sebaceous neoplasms.", "image_path": "0HO7ZewGw28_image_ce944715-c8a9-418f-8126-55985a1bd7cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_703", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostains for CD34 or ERG may be used to identify the lesion, which may be CD31-negative due to down-regulation by the virus that causes it.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_af124c64-694a-44e3-8c1d-eda71129cdc3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_704", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermoid cysts are often seen near the eyebrow area in children.", "image_path": "uQz6g7qXuUc_image_a5b78b1e-fe16-49d6-a115-260ca776fda4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_705", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion most closely resembles a hidradenoma papilliferum, but lacks the plasma cells seen in a syringocystadenoma papilliferum.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_60233422-c6ec-4943-a8b4-e1422212912c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_706", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an accompanying infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_707", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils in and around the vessel.", "image_path": "NAhToPNWF5k_image_a1d9ddf6-9e7f-48e6-9667-4ebfd88d14c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_708", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histoplasma is commonly found in pulmonary specimens and is the most common endemic mycosis in the United States.", "image_path": "aLZCGwZH8TU_image_04a984b4-a360-4e09-9d78-edf581d129aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_709", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate in the dermis composed of histiocytes or macrophages with a lot of cytoplasm.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_3262121f-d69c-417b-9467-3861b1bac0be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_710", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, polymorphs, and monocytes are present.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_711", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows papillary architectural lesions with branching and glandular patterns, some of which appear higher grade with glandular formations.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_0af51fa2-246c-40f4-8fa4-26633e855097.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_712", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is present.", "image_path": "sYQDldeboBk_image_c920bd4f-e955-47df-9cf3-56f1ba6f3d81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_713", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pancreatic case with a giant nucleus and a pattern of infiltration of clear epithelial cells amidst desmoplastic stroma.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_9d8dcbb2-e844-4b5e-973c-84ea9adf72aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_714", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lymph node sent for consultation showed follicles with germinal centers and a capsule.", "image_path": "WBk3US2kVl4_image_37a80b8e-05dc-4d50-8635-4b421a0bb48c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_715", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion may undergo cystic changes.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_a4bdea91-b93e-4da7-a0cb-557ff5a71ade.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_716", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes a schwannoma with hypercellular and hypocellular areas, as well as randomly pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, which is acceptable in ancient schwannomas.", "image_path": "-jCEHLnOxnY_image_6eb5767a-fd91-4f38-9f61-ba5934e8fae5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_717", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear spaces around the yeast may be present, but do not represent a pseudocapsule.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_1f8e0226-6b91-4d8f-a32b-009d9cfde33c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_718", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is recapitulating the nephron of the kidney and forming tubule-like structures.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_ed28b34b-021b-42d6-bfc1-6b4850219782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_719", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibroblast focus does not necessarily indicate IPF.", "image_path": "XM6FpyV2s88_image_8d3071d2-9b95-41d6-ac89-962e3d6221e0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Connective tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_720", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic nodular form of vasculitis is seen in granuloma faciale and erythema elevatum diutinum.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_721", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of melanoma, including pure desmoplastic melanoma which has better overall survival on a same depth basis than other forms of melanoma and tends to be more of a local aggressive problem than distant metastasis.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_680ef9a7-0536-4263-9e59-648d38f93aef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_722", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Herniated glands can mimic invasive adenocarcinoma with mucinous and signet ring cell features.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_723", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ducts in the area appear to be intralobular, while the islets of Langerhans are intercalated.", "image_path": "VyTVzqNwX9Q_image_cee9aa94-fd44-4fa4-b175-f096d062a99f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_724", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Embryonal carcinoma is a rapidly proliferating tumor that outgrows its own blood supply and undergoes necrosis.", "image_path": "Uytjh_tI1-U_image_281f06cd-996e-4031-96c2-5eaea25709d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_725", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intra-thymic parathyroid gland identified during surgery.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_4197323d-5666-4758-a352-cb1201cd593c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_726", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of sarcomatose overgrowth denotes skeletal muscle differentiation, usually with myxoid stroma and increased cellularity.", "image_path": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_4d0aebac-0251-4a02-a7b5-8ecab1bb96d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_727", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Invasive carcinomas arising in the settings of flat carcinoma in situ are always high-grade.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_c1f759b3-a8d4-4065-8037-7fd535ecfd9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_728", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinomas have a high mitotic rate, often over 100 in a given area, which is much higher than the mitotic rate of a bad melanoma.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_a7212596-7274-4a87-ae6c-18b9045ed7cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_729", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute process with RBC extravasation and neutrophilic collection.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_553e29f4-bf53-41ca-9518-99c771469ea3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_730", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text discusses the difficulty in distinguishing between normal vegetative ganglia and ganglioneuroma in small biopsies.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_cbfd8c00-869f-4fe5-a23b-816acf5c17ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_731", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ameloblastic fibroma can contain well-developed odontomas.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_04777246-4402-4a86-981c-32af2cb28de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_732", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium.", "image_path": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Renal']", "id": "train_733", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cross striations are not very visible on this slide due to the thickness of the specimen.", "image_path": "lYf3pg3O2Vg_image_0ee93586-ee9f-40a7-9ae7-462f7b8905b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Musculoskeletal', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_734", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the characteristics of mycobacteria leprae, which have a mycolic acid capsule that gives them a waxy appearance and causes them to accumulate lipid.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_2024f5d3-914f-4fcb-b4b3-585f091432e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_735", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of material in peritubular capillaries", "image_path": "R5NlIWJiPRA_image_5315f414-d516-41b6-9e57-4d52168dd7d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_736", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of staining techniques for medical diagnosis, including potential pitfalls and considerations for interpretation.", "image_path": "zdWFmSoouXM_image_af65b752-4a74-4448-9110-71e5e01bc1b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_737", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Likely diagnosis is a variant of granuloma annulare occurring in an area with sun damage.", "image_path": "ncfRZXKzI4c_image_fbcaa045-2919-48e3-af28-8bd5d6f89814.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_738", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are sprinkled throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_c9292d94-0ddc-4515-9e07-fdeeb1f2369f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_739", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histologic pattern of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with inflammation targeting blood vessels, fibrin in the vessel wall, thrombosis of the vessel lumen, and neutrophils and nuclear dust.", "image_path": "GFZlWYp07Is_image_82cc1c1e-8fa0-4b31-9d5a-d9ee6510abb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_740", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of epidermal hyperplasia is not as common in avium as it is in marinum.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_67a9bfea-b730-4ba8-aee8-a1f33f773286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_741", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be symmetric and well-circumscribed, suggesting it is a benign lesion.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_742", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic disease to a lymph node is a common finding in this neoplasm.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_3dfd355e-2c35-400d-9fcf-babddf70b4da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_743", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_744", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular hyperplasia seen in parathyroid gland.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_4197323d-5666-4758-a352-cb1201cd593c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_745", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a large granule with a refractile wall and blue-gray cytoplasm is diagnostic of coccidiomycosis.", "image_path": "-gzNUfkFHaM_image_14c46869-4b03-4e27-b5c2-31dc3f2df0b7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_746", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has leukocytoclastic vasculitis with fibrin in the wall of a blood vessel.", "image_path": "a_kSq1zmzos_image_24971755-6f6b-4401-acbf-de389d62ee42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_747", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma cases and high-grade dysplasia in the esophagus are double-reported cases.", "image_path": "SBuwwbZ9Jyw_image_9aad36d2-63dc-4f31-9139-cff5a20c0abc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_748", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Red pulp is associated with the venous system and venous return from the spleen.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_aafe5f96-8c1c-4259-b91e-112e960b9508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_749", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic figures are generally rare in osteoblastomas.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_750", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biphasic epithelial cell and stromal cells with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.", "image_path": "vkGkucnTMFs_image_c22a07f3-9cae-4e38-9152-219e262e3c8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_751", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous alveoli with alveolar walls are shown, giving the spongy nature characteristic of lung tissue.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_ead715f2-c484-4bb4-8f44-4884c3e4d1f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_752", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The morphology is unusual and there is weak expression for ttf1 and p40.", "image_path": "EKpPF02Ci6o_image_1bb0b76e-b3db-4cb4-90db-f04bb8513ca5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_753", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic infiltration of liver tissue around the central vein.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_dfb57a64-2a29-404a-85cb-aad56ee99c0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_754", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stasis vascular changes can lead to spindled fibroblasts in the background and mimic Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_a980dc7c-27d6-42f6-a800-887408659427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_755", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic inflammation is minimal.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_b90299ae-2a9f-4959-9195-f2948c6a95a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_756", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large tumor with round cells and red granular cytoplasm, consistent with neuroendocrine tumor, specifically Merkel cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "klP3muDrdf8_image_ff86278a-c6c9-4c99-a873-554fa14b9975.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_757", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This tumor can be mistaken for diffuse large B cell lymphoma and requires immunohistochemistry for proper diagnosis.", "image_path": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_f8022aa1-f4d0-4e18-b6d3-0657f8e66066.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_758", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of the arrangement of cells in a solitary fibrous tumor, which is positive for CD34.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_10bc3880-af55-4c3d-ae67-7da8de57b446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_759", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of an Auer rod is noted.", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_2542cd4b-2ef2-4963-8118-674160000d91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_760", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of reticulin framework is essentially diagnostic of HCC.", "image_path": "y0TBsjdu3M8_image_e5bf9eb0-5a5c-4f6a-b0dc-8ad152db7d8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_761", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DFSP can have staghorn or hemangiopericytic branching ectatic vessels.", "image_path": "3qmVDVi9CPM_image_9540cc19-ce49-4552-bbcc-26aa5608f2cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_762", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Membrane whirls are often part of autophagic vacuoles.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_6fc02e43-a914-48e8-a0e6-3c4dac19976d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_763", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a shave biopsy of a dome-shaped papular lesion with spindle cell morphology.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_764", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_765", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Corpus luteum is a yellow body that appears yellow in fresh ovary slices but not when stained with H and E.", "image_path": "xtTRF1UI2HU_image_11609164-6eca-463f-abb0-f5aa2a3da715.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_766", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Balloon cell change can be extensive but there is usually some background part of the lesion that looks like a normal nevus or conventional melanoma.", "image_path": "VXpcFYy1cZg_image_18f1b7e5-eef6-4d02-b348-c7cdcd4cb926.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_767", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils and plasma cells are present in this manifestation.", "image_path": "0oj1ckEA-_g_image_5f39efac-56f0-4dc9-b8cb-8bcf19e983e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_768", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla.", "image_path": "lKx0KfYwmSQ_image_91ccbc68-f3cf-4f94-acff-6bb871e8f19b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_769", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has actinic keratosis and atypical cells along the basal layer.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_2afebe0e-201d-402a-bb5a-5b8e8c8fb95c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_770", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patchy infiltrate present in the biopsy with cells present singly at the basal cell layer and slightly above it.", "image_path": "D84RLj1nUis_image_2bc88ab9-f536-40a8-b464-5a0b07313f83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_771", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The morphology of the lesion suggests sclerosing.", "image_path": "fMfJ6Hvs8og_image_38114f29-7700-4112-b51b-32d1f5d615d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_772", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The condition being described is not a disease of the epithelium but rather an anatomical issue where the muscle has prolapsed the epithelium downwards into it.", "image_path": "HJm7rn2XW_4_image_bd9f21da-a7cc-4019-b1c2-adca3d69914f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_773", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hürthle cells are not driven by HPV.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_2969622b-7b85-4209-ba26-73997aec2199.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_774", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In the neck of the urinary bladder, the smooth muscle fibers make three well-defined layers.", "image_path": "pMtmlZ37r7M_image_678d6ad7-06c6-490e-984d-a88e8d6cf773.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_775", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of dilated frond-like branching spaces that are lined by a double layer of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and are of sweat duct derivation.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_973e2598-a5f7-4328-a53b-d35c0930b0a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_776", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Residual viable smooth muscle is seen in the muscularis propria.", "image_path": "Z5lMvLI4kdE_image_42c44457-72f1-4f75-b801-7c336cd0b874.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_777", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Blue and cystic areas are present, indicating dilatation of tubules containing colloid-like material and lymphoid follicles.", "image_path": "XN1CJOXfwx4_image_7fdc679b-fc03-448f-a307-dbb6889c0f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_778", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section from the left breast shows a fibroepithelial neoplasm with compressed slit-like benign epithelial component and increased tumor cellularity. Hemorrhage and necrosis are also present.", "image_path": "W7JicrwyF_w_image_95f96090-69e8-4280-99c6-03dabd9696c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_779", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemorrhage, mucosal erosions, and ulceration are present, indicating acute cholecystitis.", "image_path": "zth4NYjONns_image_893d7350-773d-471a-a8ac-e1799f768a1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_780", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows verruca seborrheic hyperplasia, which may have appeared clinically as a wart or seborrheic keratosis.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_75e01193-4881-449c-8551-fe8d36a42f70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_781", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Field change is important in diagnosing primary squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_80a3faf7-b858-47a8-a731-f956412fd535.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_782", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_783", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of osteoclasts and lamellar bone.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_9a5d8804-73ed-431b-b572-5fa15939b99e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_784", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Importance of searching for perineural invasion, impulsive look, lack of ovulation, variation, and pleomorphism in diagnosis.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_93ec60de-3d16-4be3-8aa5-e2c518718bd4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_785", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of diagnostic markers for astrocytomas, including IDH gene mutations and positive p53 immunoreactivity.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_e7711ab9-a25c-42a4-9647-765017a0dc3b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_786", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Retraction artifact is seen, which is non-specific but can be seen with prostate cancer.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_d7cd0a32-2695-4803-95d9-68c343c448e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_787", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts are involved in the formation of bone tissue.", "image_path": "F23Q40qyh7Q_image_f99bccce-7027-4a95-b4c3-8f8faefb491b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_788", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hypercellularity is seen in the tumor.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_789", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasis involves acute and chronic organizing inflammation.", "image_path": "2rAVJqyxZ9A_image_fe069bcf-da8c-479a-af82-c320463089f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_790", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuolization with necrotic keratinocytes, spongiosis in the epidermis, and edema in the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "33bhpTnGe4c_image_331a1e3d-f01d-4b24-8dcd-e0be3f2816c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_791", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pancreatic panniculitis is diagnosed based on the presence of saponification and lipase enzyme causing necrosis of the fat.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_6e28b60d-5669-4e77-a329-8452c5761852.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_792", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells extending through the wall of blood vessels.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_91f6565e-1200-4d47-ab61-929b6226f094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_793", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acrospiromas are a group of different entities classified based on cell type and location of the lesion.", "image_path": "9iz60FHyl3o_image_0935bee2-6bc5-4a10-82b7-a1a7b68672f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_794", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is histologic similarity between this case and a clonal seb, with uniform cells and no atypia.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_795", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells have slightly eosinophilic or neutrophilic, mildly granular cytoplasm and are organized in small, solid, perivascular nests.", "image_path": "4FWuPEXo-a0_image_d8591581-4a41-4e17-9301-4d74c7451d6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_796", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Triton tumor aspect does not change the behavior of MPNSTs.", "image_path": "LBgsIas3xFE_image_a82b3067-8acd-463a-84de-3c3af6da6a74.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_797", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patient presented with dermatofibromas clinically, but PET scan revealed numerous nodules in skin, subcutis, muscle, and bone of left leg.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_796c00f6-3e96-42ac-8a35-76ff4551a482.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_798", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of bluish gray material in the stroma resembling mucin, with a possible diagnosis of GA or Kaposi sarcoma or epithelioid sarcomas.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_f3628133-c1d3-48db-8296-b54ade3540a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_799", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid spread may be found around the edge of the lesion.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_800", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is a classic example of pityriasis lichenoides.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_4d387951-2d7d-4c3d-af7c-3775747c5244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_801", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular mucinosis is often associated with mycosis fungoides, a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.", "image_path": "a2FkQh_VTpg_image_82764c90-62a7-4faa-b8a5-194da5f60b10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_802", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Borderline architecture in an ovarian neoplasm, especially serous and seromucinous neoplasms.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_c5549fc2-9695-421a-8f00-c13ac773f604.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "train_803", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Secondary spermatocytes are the product of the first meiotic division.", "image_path": "Qiqdz5JABJo_image_30d18693-dd9d-43b7-96bb-39ce9654810f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_804", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudostratified epithelium typically has either cilia or stereocilia, and is characterized by projections and multiple rows of nuclei.", "image_path": "GaWduwsRMxE_image_6ab4a731-c50e-40db-9b03-9df48a8c7304.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_805", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The clara cell is a dome-shaped cell with granules at the apex and is present only in the bronchioles.", "image_path": "708OpQqoxm4_image_d8fd4cc5-6ef7-4f04-8437-847eefd83ff5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_806", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is growing out of a nerve, which is a defining feature of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST).", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_069dfdad-f76b-421e-b29a-2ee4e3f9fdb7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_807", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cell undergoing apoptosis is not counted.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_60ad54d7-4e44-4041-9b1f-461bce9e0f95.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_808", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Segmental sclerosis and extra capillary proliferation observed in some glomeruli.", "image_path": "VwhI1HQi4ro_image_1931aea5-ef97-495e-b4d1-0643646dac97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_809", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marked atypia can indicate malignancy, such as malignant myoepitheliomas or myoepithelial carcinoma.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_7f2d49e2-b6ad-4e01-86ac-1299604343b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_810", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitor drugs may be used to treat metastatic melanoma, but they come with significant potential side effects.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_5f1d1792-f680-44dd-b395-f4b64e96772c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_811", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The granulomas observed have a paucity of inflammatory cells and are well-formed, indicating a possible diagnosis of sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "O4PX7Z0SIJY_image_494f9973-525c-4a2f-a550-caa83bfa0fb9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_812", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adnexal differentiation can occur in Bowen's disease, including sweat duct formation or vacuolation.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_75c6348a-6b50-43af-8c90-efa64020216e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_813", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Protocol used is called a 1-5-12, which means 12 sections are cut and the first, fifth, and 12th are stained with HNE.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_814", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoglein one is strongly expressed in the superficial epidermis.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_815", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid tumor with high cellularity and less stroma.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_5126073d-4770-45e5-8c25-19c182409e4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_816", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle cell proliferation involving the lamina propria, with extravasated red blood cells and possible highland globules, which are buzzwords for the diagnosis of a condition that may involve HHV8.", "image_path": "v11BlQzjvBI_image_62832c84-4d57-409d-a2b9-65f5afce6678.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_817", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular chromatin patterns and hyperchromasia of the nuclei are present.", "image_path": "edP30WUp_zI_image_c34bcc2f-5bf4-42ba-9813-2499abdf5511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_818", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "On hydromagnification, there is proliferation of endometrial proliferative type glands with pseudostratified epithelium and mitotic activity.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_89c24de4-ee90-45fe-935c-237230708788.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_819", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows features of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which has superficial features resembling lymphangioma and deep hemosiderin deposits.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_293835b2-9b82-452e-a524-98290a0055eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_820", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 stain can be used to identify these histiocytes.", "image_path": "d6_YXCxCWvU_image_8fa5ba17-5cc8-48b0-9ae9-7482cb9f49ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_821", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pseudovillus is alarming and requires further investigation.", "image_path": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_98d7547d-4402-4af6-8565-4afcc37e88de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_822", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mutation involving TP53 gene in basal keratinocytes is indicative of abnormal pattern.", "image_path": "nlpCYdcMVKA_image_ac6654ac-51a9-4ba7-9032-afc5ac1fb654.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_823", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a benign variant of a dermatofibroma, with fibroblasts and histiocytes being the predominant cells.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_2b3c803d-67e5-4bc0-8316-8183d3722e86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_824", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Core biopsy showing papillary proliferation may suggest papillary intracystic carcinoma or other similar lesions.", "image_path": "K4f3osVpGIk_image_0e36648b-8ad6-41ca-b630-6f39812ff0d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_825", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The type of panniculitis is being evaluated to determine if it is septal or lobular.", "image_path": "yP2hwmnTxJA_image_6de75e7c-eb9d-49d5-b50d-6c611e3280f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_826", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The clumped nature of the nucleus is a characteristic of mast cells.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_b90ae279-5a61-45ce-a5e3-877062bc5daf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_827", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathology shows vertical dense collagen bundles and bland fibroblasts.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_828", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and giant cells are present in the nose.", "image_path": "JDgqG00hpdw_image_e6a90d60-589a-4dd8-945c-2f49a927cdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_829", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different variants of osteosarcoma, including conventional osteosarcoma and chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "2C-PtJKYaDU_image_ad5c156d-6012-4a5f-9cf0-dd8dcc2a0a1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_830", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of psoriasis with confluent parakeratosis, neutrophil abscesses in the stratum corneum, and hyperplasia with elongated bulbous retorhizae. Thinning of the suprapapillary plates and increased capillaries in the dermal papillae.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_ebd94225-d0df-47ff-a54e-aead953be80e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_831", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts in a myxoid stroma is characteristic of myxedematous or myxedema lesions.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_b3a885c0-9eec-4931-83e1-1ad6df9e77f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_832", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Small columns of melanin may indicate lentigo instead of melanoma.", "image_path": "M55A5InS-OU_image_4dd069a1-a1cc-42ad-ad88-860f5f5f07d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_833", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the anatomy of the gallbladder, including the smooth muscle, connective tissue, and epithelial lining.", "image_path": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_3004f336-2fd1-44cb-b75c-0224bbaf1e04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Endocrine', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_834", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Treatment with surgical excision and possible postoperative radiotherapy.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_a0300617-7b2a-4d95-be4b-ee5649c337d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_835", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows a busy dermis with a lot of inflammation in the dermis, mostly interstitial and perivascular.", "image_path": "SN1SGPWKt3Y_image_917a987c-a8e1-4fc6-a668-ee849230ea7d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_836", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Areas of squamous metaplasia are present.", "image_path": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_837", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Rosenthal fibers contain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and can be seen in benign conditions as well as some tumors including pilocytic astrocytoma.", "image_path": "bqTuPIw9afM_image_17fdb7a4-6683-42cc-9846-b45c5efed361.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_838", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of milia-like cysts and tight adherence of surrounding stroma to the basaloid island can help differentiate from basal cell carcinoma or trichogenicepithelioma.", "image_path": "K8-DE3csg5k_image_034f2214-0d43-4f31-b5ba-d3e06fe1f551.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_839", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear molding and variability.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_4ad23149-c128-4e15-8ea2-4a24d4827dab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_840", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Molecular relationship/diagnosis involves translocation of 1 and 3, specifically WWTR1 and CAMTA1.", "image_path": "BtKAqg40uls_image_75fc83e2-2e48-4a1c-b866-cfc4ca6950f7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_841", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Likely diagnoses include Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoma, or small cell pattern melanoma.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_04c22cc7-9067-4f2c-a8ca-4bdf2bbd34a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_842", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense or nodular lymphatic tissue is associated with the arterial portion of the spleen.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_aafe5f96-8c1c-4259-b91e-112e960b9508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_843", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bronchial asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways associated with episodic bronchoconstriction.", "image_path": "P_Rvxd1-ZYM_image_d94f06a6-9626-4e64-a4d6-3f19074b39a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_844", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrotic debris may be present in the lumens of the glands.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_c9c4c3e4-e59d-4cd3-be4d-5a7a2b5d80ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_845", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a single vessel visible, which appears inflamed and contains an organizing thrombus.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_93eb673a-4916-4b7a-9f4b-272f0cef725e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_846", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiomyolipomas typically have cells with clear or pale cytoplasm, which is a characteristic feature.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_72ec0889-15c7-4c5a-8898-1367fd651ab1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_847", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In melanoma, there is usually a large lymphocytic infiltrate around the edge of the tumor, but not intermingled with the tumor cells.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_ad943c4c-cdb0-46f2-ab55-384f3ff26ab9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_848", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The area being shown is Antoni A area which is hypercellular and has Verocay bodies.", "image_path": "k7Uu7qGEs0Q_image_d8e0a672-c4dc-43e3-8c3c-859c10a4663c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_849", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The central vein is located at the center of the classic lobule.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_f5880f6e-135c-4b25-af73-b4ad9a366127.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_850", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microcystic adnexal carcinoma needs a deeper biopsy if clinical concern persists.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_f9121df4-57cc-4b1a-8687-aa6668e9872d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_851", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis for a renal mass includes oncocytoma, chromophobe renal sacroiliac clear eosinophilic variant, angiomyolipoma, oncocytic carcinoma, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma, tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma, and tubular sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_bd3975cc-8d2a-43c5-8d56-669034e955b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_852", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphology can often be used to identify yeast fungal organisms, but filamentous fungal organisms are more difficult and may require cultures.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_b748a481-898e-44e6-a9ec-3be01ba978ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_853", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glomerular capsule has two layers, the first being composed of squamous cells.", "image_path": "sZo2CR0qZ9Q_image_132df1e4-d703-4924-8c26-94b840127453.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_854", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stroma in trichilemmal epitheliomas tends to be fibrotic, not fibromyxoid like in basal cell epitheliomas.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_a8853fa9-f4d3-4904-ac7a-8a9adc3712e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_855", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermal replacements can occur in both children and adults, often on the head and neck, and have a reddish brown to yellow color due to lipid content.", "image_path": "qT2-Q5njPGA_image_f79ecc7e-b479-41f9-8d63-747904b550fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_856", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal changes associated with lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate are observed.", "image_path": "w1KvThUxOsk_image_95a52ef5-b42f-4e87-ac89-1497c1ef8f40.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_857", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Illustration of the hepatic vein and sinusoids.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_1132b86a-e880-4073-bedb-87d7098cd5bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_858", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has infiltrative cords and strands and nests of tumor cells with dense sclerotic collagen, but also contains clear sweat duct lumens.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_859", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of connective tissue scars as corpus albicans.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_359e3ef2-fe7d-4c1e-83f9-855ac244581f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_860", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of the thymus gland in the same section as the thyroid and parathyroid glands.", "image_path": "1zr7jQwvjTY_image_b7ff4154-f292-4e6c-a365-72fdd45c4e28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_861", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This appearance is characteristic of dense regular connective tissue like tendon, fascia, or ligament.", "image_path": "GZ-s954juyg_image_17680688-7d2e-4c24-a6fc-b46c506df813.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_862", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytological pattern and mitotic activity can help differentiate it from benign tumors.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_863", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cowden syndrome is associated with a P10 gene mutation and increased risk of developing internal cancers.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_696a3ea5-32ff-450c-9bf4-8cb77440f509.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_864", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Porokeratosis can have various changes such as epidermal acanthosis, epidermal atrophy, lichenoid change, vacuolar interface change, dilated capillaries, actinic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. These changes occur between the coronary lamellae and stop at the lamella.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7a5236c3-bf1c-444d-aa24-beb86477f20b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_865", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanophages are present in the dermis.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_e2273a0f-1fb7-492a-bc4a-6476934a1dfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_866", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intralobular ducts are lined with one layer of cuboidal cells, while interlobular ducts are surrounded by connective tissue.", "image_path": "zpWTyTvoLRk_image_82e6e6b9-69d5-4caa-bcd6-eb8d13e2b6f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_867", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smooth muscle hamartoma may be present without hair follicles in Becker’s nevus.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_ed969ee6-7bd8-4a95-b83e-a8f2819aea0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_868", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland that occur in specific sites in the body, including the axilla, anal genital region, groin, areola, and margin of the eyelid.", "image_path": "uG44rG8mqtc_image_99fcfeb2-01c3-4739-ac4d-5f79eaec967f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_869", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a spindle cell neoplasm with an aggressive pattern and ulceration in the submucosa, with associated vasculature and areas of hemorrhage.", "image_path": "fb-2zoI2vsg_image_2877161e-f72a-4a60-861a-108177742c77.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_870", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Wilms tumor with blastema component as the majority of the tumor, making it blastema predominant.", "image_path": "8D0d_zRC_iQ_image_c7c089d9-287d-4c4c-8cae-d9aebd21c1d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_871", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Barrett esophagus is the likely diagnosis, negative for dysplasia.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_7644c1d1-4979-4707-8912-8f0bfb95d19b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_872", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism and variable nuclei size and shape.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_3b97a18d-14fe-4d08-9d52-9664cdbbe69d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_873", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The altered myofibrillar architecture seen in an older stain around the phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin or PTAH can be helpful for recognition.", "image_path": "Di1ZY82A5Ys_image_c86aa9e0-d945-424a-9f9a-df60ec0281ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_874", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tubular adenoma with misplaced glands is a so-called pseudo-invasive pattern.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_875", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are becoming intermixed and forming crib formations with nuclei not just on the basal layer, indicating increased glandular complexity.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_fb8eec4f-73b6-405a-b429-5a96d185a786.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_876", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Poorly defined cluster identified as a mixed tumor or chondroid syringoma, which is an epithelial and myoepithelial tumor that can differentiate into bone, cartilage, and myxoid background.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_7f2d49e2-b6ad-4e01-86ac-1299604343b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_877", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nevus sebaceous has grown over time and can sometimes develop different tumors, including skin and nexal tumors like hair follicle or sweat gland tumors.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_878", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of sclerosing perineurioma and its characteristics on acral surfaces, including abundant collagen and cords or chains.", "image_path": "ZVlX4tCsyOc_image_7b52215e-753a-4bc5-aa95-6a995ef315c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_879", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The area shows neutrophilic dust and lymphocytes, with a band of fibrocytes indicating an organized granuloma.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_b28cfaf2-9033-41c8-9ee5-d77baabb3c6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_880", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Interstitial epithelial lesion should make you think about metastasis.", "image_path": "enYtcGSWC5w_image_34da19e0-b75a-40b1-b9e6-6c05118c2f9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_881", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No evidence of squamous or glandular differentiation in the tumor.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_2b8f8a81-6b8b-4504-8bee-ccd98acbadcd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_882", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stellate reticulum-like areas are not present.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_b5a200ff-9a3e-4961-b1e0-fa6e874f2ca0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_883", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick fibrous septa surrounding the thyroid.", "image_path": "RUukCc_GczA_image_c59bd64d-a272-4281-8a10-ce5e5a121fc0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_884", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_885", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickening of the retina in specific regions, including around the optic nerve head and on either side, with normal thickness in other areas.", "image_path": "tiRJp2m0_oI_image_ee816e78-dcea-488a-93d2-55b3f783c705.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_886", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of different types of epithelium including transitional epithelium, mesothelium, and simple squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "O1SwM51G2Fs_image_2ba78060-e3c2-42f4-9900-de3709ec13b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Histopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_887", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of an end-stage kidney with features consistent with Alport syndrome, including glomerular basement membrane irregularity, foot process effacement, and segmental and global glomerulus sclerosis.", "image_path": "Blyb-E885eg_image_1c1341dc-15bd-4f91-93e3-74d9cf28394c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_888", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dilated pore of Winer is on a spectrum between trichofolliculoma and pilar sheath acanthoma.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_73e120f4-1256-4c53-bf4c-0b17d83b36db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_889", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_b1ff0792-d43d-4472-bcb5-b31f50d1f8c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_890", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The composition of the muscle tissue in the tunica muscularis can help determine the location of the section being examined.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_98dfe49f-52e8-4944-a7c7-60e326102d5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_891", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of atypical keratinocytes in the dermis, which is a normal pattern for sun-induced squamous cell carcinomas.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_2fecac4c-567b-48a1-8d51-f280d6f982a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_892", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bland tumor cells arranged in broad sweeping fascicles.", "image_path": "3pw1ClJBYs8_image_6d7a5f96-26c9-4a6a-a86a-c418eb659f4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_893", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the ductal system of the sublingual gland, including the transition between the striated duct and the intercalated duct.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_894", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is usually necrotic, at least partially, and under the microscope, we can see necrotic areas lined by viable tumor tissue.", "image_path": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_58ef792a-b0df-4c0d-954c-2699dbe7f3e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_895", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunofluorescence can show positive IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, fibrinogen, and fibrin in conditions like Henoch-Schonlein purpura.", "image_path": "GFZlWYp07Is_image_82cc1c1e-8fa0-4b31-9d5a-d9ee6510abb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_896", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of closely spaced, compact cells with crowded nuclei and some secretion in a lesion of concern.", "image_path": "63o0DgUKXto_image_d9db77aa-cba1-4dc0-bec6-3f0e3ee81bc2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_897", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The liver tissue shows a canalicular pattern, which is indicative of a CEA stain that can be a marker for hepatocytic differentiation.", "image_path": "g8DXQ3d2bNU_image_9e671811-45fe-424a-b8ba-772828bf871e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_898", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marked epithelial hyperplasia with pallor of the epithelium at the surface is a manifestation of viral infection, likely EBV.", "image_path": "wjTXLLOKus0_image_8522c834-d479-48f0-9a9f-c3cac922d138.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_899", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large veins like the one shown have a significant amount of elastic fibers in the tunica media.", "image_path": "D0It2mdZkHE_image_42a94fb4-9934-435f-a6cf-d510339fb98e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_900", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of granulation tissue and a well-circumscribed lesion within a blood vessel may suggest a diagnosis of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masan tumor.", "image_path": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_8c6adfc0-b52b-447d-9722-0483c261c52d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_901", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proteinaceous material and granular casts were found in the tubule lumen.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ad476523-718e-42f6-958a-aa05e448ea21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_902", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in this growth produce calcitonin and would be positive for calcitonin on immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "2DpETNm93zU_image_61fbd097-ab57-429a-9386-fc7f71f13791.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_903", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the nests have a specific pattern and orientation, sometimes called trabecular pattern or architecture or stratified pattern or radiating type of growth.", "image_path": "T_P5c4odRCE_image_7874c672-eeb1-419f-a207-287b34bcaf42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_904", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Central degeneration may resemble alveolar pattern.", "image_path": "YBadPuC4zZs_image_2089ea41-a704-44fa-9d4c-fc2e337267eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_905", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ED can be associated with systemic illnesses and joint disease, so ruling out underlying disease is important.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_35dc24da-8906-4efb-b591-397641f90286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_906", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lymphoma being examined is a poorly differentiated molecular lymphoma that is likely a T-cell lymphoma.", "image_path": "4xeF49kyE2M_image_38200b44-7561-40a5-ba03-df13737027d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_907", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are only a few plasma cells and no significant expansion of the lamina propria.", "image_path": "XIEbm1ODg2Q_image_4a77678d-fb00-4d5a-9bee-5f5b6ecd92e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_908", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, dermal hyperplasia, and suppurative and granulomatous inflammation in a pheo hyphomicotic cyst.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_53fb0914-e98b-4b79-9cb4-42ad9383af7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_909", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of marked nuclear atypia in condyloma, which can indicate condyloma acuminatum with bovine change.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_92cade5c-961c-458b-94a0-a8058628dfa9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_910", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion may be a lymphangioleiomyomatosis-histiocytic lesion with a differential diagnosis including ECD, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis.", "image_path": "H6EJ37upJZY_image_c8e9a943-844b-4b67-8943-87ee973b35fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_911", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Early to mid-stage lesion with band of lymphocytic inflammation beneath edematous, homogenized area.", "image_path": "3TaAeTByK3M_image_2300d7ea-e676-4eb9-8259-0f09da1c1eed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_912", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lobular panniculitis with fat degeneration and dystrophic calcification.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_277f9459-1450-4f14-9a98-f0b3729216ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_913", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker describes a dermal scar with closely packed collagen and fibroblasts running parallel to the epidermis and vertically oriented vessels.", "image_path": "NcTPZB3YnXQ_image_7ace97e9-57a4-4b78-b064-a02b2f138c31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_914", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_915", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are large hyperchromatic cells in the dermis, suggesting a possible neoplastic process.", "image_path": "J8wfNUQOUMc_image_c220e2b5-26f0-40c8-9612-c83fc0910144.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_916", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of necrotic debris is characteristic of the lesion.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_f0c37b47-3e39-4c08-8acf-a197b8581e68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_917", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The granulosa lutein cells secrete progesterone after ovulation to delay menstruation and prepare/maintain the uterine lining for implantation.", "image_path": "xtTRF1UI2HU_image_11609164-6eca-463f-abb0-f5aa2a3da715.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_918", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Noting that the entire large surface area of the pancreas is fibrotic and scarred, making the case abnormal.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_cb97341c-f6c2-4560-a02b-76c3a6b9752e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_919", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Periungual fibroma of tuberous sclerosis is more vascular and like an angiofibroma.", "image_path": "kQ84_IYtEf0_image_0948035a-5c62-470b-8615-39ea78749524.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_920", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atrophy is a common change in benign tissue and can cause similar appearances to malignant tissue.", "image_path": "M2qQnc48DPg_image_84fdd726-2a26-42e9-a398-4c145f306ad1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_921", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Occlusion of the celiac trunk can cause ischemia in the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum.", "image_path": "e4EExrlI3d8_image_d8852a4e-4a49-409e-8320-b2bbca57bd34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_922", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Syphilis in the acute form may present with necrotic areas and hyperdermal hyperplasia.", "image_path": "Td3H4JM0MvQ_image_1fab057a-149e-447c-9952-7ced9ed1bec2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_923", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The macula densa is a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, along with juxtaglomerular cells.", "image_path": "0t1jNBI1jao_image_2f842f1e-97ff-4a75-b796-b02d389aff83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_924", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a cribriform or fenestrated appearance that is characteristic for it.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_967fd004-0555-4cda-93bb-87a13f707f4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_925", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma is identified with positive S100, SOX10, melan A or HMB45 and negative cytokeratins.", "image_path": "jFfXznvLaL4_image_72eb34fd-db96-4d42-ace4-8399c306bd8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_926", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of villus type architecture in some tissues.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_927", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Teratoma can form any epithelial or mesenchymal component in the body.", "image_path": "Uytjh_tI1-U_image_cea2b1a0-dbef-43f2-a1c6-4bc89df2729f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_928", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in zona fasciculata are arranged in a fasciculus or a straight column-like pattern.", "image_path": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_929", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor may be a consideration for a solitary nodule in the lung, as myofibroblasts have an elongated appearance.", "image_path": "RDLNw0GLeOI_image_91823c6d-20d9-4a14-8717-48775707f4d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_930", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has fat necrosis and vacuolated areas with a foreign body giant cell reaction due to a ruptured silicon implant.", "image_path": "t90-nCa_-5g_image_abcc7b88-cea7-4f4a-be05-69fb4cef0703.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_931", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has papillary projections and heavy stromal sclerosis with areas of punched out architecture and more solid areas.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_967fd004-0555-4cda-93bb-87a13f707f4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_932", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphology is similar to that noted in the uterine corpus.", "image_path": "D-oDbGdf_0k_image_756e2a0f-cf25-4065-b4eb-80254b2c7e3e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_933", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The surface epithelium is highly disrupted.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_cbe24ae5-4b95-4e6b-9ab0-7dfbd4234e4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_934", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spiral endometrial glands indicates late proliferative stage.", "image_path": "K0Lkwt_Sl70_image_fa0cf67b-56f0-409b-b23f-e469db48ba69.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_935", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P16 staining can be confusing as tubal metaplasia may have strong areas of P16 positivity.", "image_path": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_9de7ad14-72ab-4093-972c-56375079f87e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_936", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial spreading melanoma does not typically have epidermal atrophy or extensive solar damage.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_8721e347-328a-426b-b115-482ae456db73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_937", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are cube-like cells linked together in hepatic cords or plates.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_72f17612-d66a-4b2b-b206-ac83d4af92f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_938", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patient has a history of invasive high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_722e3282-6e26-4fef-b922-e39cde92388b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_939", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The junction between the vaginal epithelium and the vaginal canal should be examined at increased magnification.", "image_path": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Renal']", "id": "train_940", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myoepithelial cells are of epithelial origin but contain myofibrils and help in secretion expulsion.", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_941", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Porokeratosis can cause reactive changes and vascular changes that resemble stasis.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_4e8e007b-53d9-47d3-a531-7e89720150b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_942", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell RCC is associated with the pathogenesis of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.", "image_path": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_1c7cf05a-3852-46aa-a430-d69f8ca383e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_943", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Langhans multinucleated giant cells may be present within the granuloma.", "image_path": "RZCEDASvvQk_image_6d3ba9fc-52db-4de1-b584-b88c72cfe669.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_944", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Alveolar spaces with branching ducts and chondromyxoid stroma can be seen.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_2491af44-0685-4ac2-9bf6-9f4480ca64fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_945", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue contains uniform blue spindle cells filling in all the spaces.", "image_path": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_4970e4ee-bdfe-4d22-865f-60947c8f2371.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_946", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudostratified epithelium typically has either cilia or stereocilia, and is characterized by projections and multiple rows of nuclei.", "image_path": "GaWduwsRMxE_image_6ab4a731-c50e-40db-9b03-9df48a8c7304.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_947", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears benign with elongated epidermal ridges extending into the dermis.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_9737eef0-5a8b-4e54-b215-65fa57e8b2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_948", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Confluent and atypical keratinocyte proliferation over a broad front rules out an irritated seborrheic keratosis.", "image_path": "M55A5InS-OU_image_71cade86-b434-48a4-b026-7a10949f74d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_949", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Colon biopsy shows absence of epithelial areas filled with granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of Crohn disease.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_0ce58a9d-d26e-4fe8-9ff5-30f19cca3b44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_950", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deep penetrating nevus is associated with increased nuclear beta-catenin in melanocytes.", "image_path": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_22dd443b-bd6e-4753-a501-50ba49a5da54.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_951", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion in the submandibular gland is likely a secretory carcinoma, which is low grade and has abundant secretion and cytoplasm.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_3619467a-ca86-48f4-b1a0-350cad0ea6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_952", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prussian blue stain is used to detect iron.", "image_path": "WOik1qFB85I_image_6624da95-bfd2-45f7-9303-8c546057a90d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_953", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa is characterized by targetoid fibrino necrosis of the arteries in the early stage.", "image_path": "6LVzYWfk7vE_image_e0204d53-4daf-4592-b8f3-19b1046f3b07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_954", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of bluish gray material in the stroma resembling mucin, with a possible diagnosis of GA or Kaposi sarcoma or epithelioid sarcomas.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_f3628133-c1d3-48db-8296-b54ade3540a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_955", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The specimen is an adenocarcinoma arising in the duodenum, which appears similar to conventional adenocarcinomas of intestinal type.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_64934c59-31bb-43e2-b88d-0bbad6f0f4ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_956", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of atretic follicles is a major feature of ovarian histology.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_957", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermis shows acanthosis and infiltration into the dermis.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_b729c73e-4e8f-4dcd-9456-a94f0485b3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_958", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is pigment incontinence and dermal fibrosis, which are usually chronic processes.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_959", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma annulare has epithelioid histiocytes instead of spindle cell fibroblasts.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_b3a885c0-9eec-4931-83e1-1ad6df9e77f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_960", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in porocarcinoma differentiation are small, round, cuboidal, and monomorphic, without atypia or pleomorphism.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_929a1d59-ae12-45e4-ba84-dd5eb7fef0f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_961", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of papillary dermal edema and typical hearing cells in superficial dermis.", "image_path": "dAwdAP96Gaw_image_4f18c120-8586-4e0f-82fa-930171967326.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_962", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils in and around the vessel.", "image_path": "NAhToPNWF5k_image_a1d9ddf6-9e7f-48e6-9667-4ebfd88d14c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_963", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Strong, diffuse nuclear positivity of myogenin in 90% or more of the cells is indicative of rhabdomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "W5w_WQAs6HE_image_06a1709d-8c58-47c8-a0da-b013d7a9d2aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_964", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of glandular units and lymphoepithelial lesions is not indicative of lymphoma.", "image_path": "5CyGs7tL-ko_image_76e43fb8-8afd-414c-be01-1419acdf6e35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_965", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Needle aspiration cytology and histopathology can be used to diagnose papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The nuclear features are more important than the papillary structures for diagnosis.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_4f6663f8-da32-4a8a-9df5-33fb24362861.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_966", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The fascicles themselves may be subdivided by thin connective tissue septae.", "image_path": "78jBxFqhd_E_image_6d6a167f-c38c-4e16-9069-4467e9993bcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_967", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_0b9c95f1-7b60-4d75-8a40-916e7de96403.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_968", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Actinic keratosis is characterized by atypical cell nuclei, increased amounts of pink cytoplasm, and disorganized atypia in the lower parts of the epidermis.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_969", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nevus sebaceous may not have remarkable changes in the epidermis but can have underlying adnexal abnormalities with sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.", "image_path": "7M7Ol5StU7U_image_e78935ac-096c-4231-a6d3-39e8b86379a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_970", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in distinguishing high-grade dysplasia from cancer in a biopsy specimen.", "image_path": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_f8dbede7-3820-4409-8ce1-94442258eed5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_971", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is lower grade and composed of multiple nodules with a lobular pattern of growth.", "image_path": "utV22EFuqD4_image_e0ed7a5e-7fc7-4e8e-83ae-6234804e675d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_972", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion about diagnosing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia based on biopsy and clinical presentation. Mention of CT findings including diffuse ground glass opacity and centrilobular nodules. Importance of site of biopsy questioned.", "image_path": "T6c1vKf2llE_image_a89c2ee4-605e-4d24-80f3-55d86c07b966.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_973", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows a halo nevus, which is characterized by melanocytes and lymphocytes scattered together.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_ad943c4c-cdb0-46f2-ab55-384f3ff26ab9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_974", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows cholecystitis and the three layers of the gallbladder: mucosa, muscularis, and connective tissue.", "image_path": "ZZd0t-Bb82c_image_f6cb1e19-e839-4012-910c-57e101836702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_975", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is likely polyarteritis nodosa, based on the pattern of panniculitis with septal vasculitis.", "image_path": "F23Q40qyh7Q_image_1a7609c7-acc5-4df8-bffb-9d8ba3ade3cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_976", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Negative e-cadherin staining in most cells filling in the lumen within expanded acini.", "image_path": "eFw2LIHu6pA_image_1b7b31a5-d020-45e8-b2d6-a666c7671df8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_977", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Late stages may not show inflammatory infiltrates, only parakeratosis and keratinocytes with keratotic changes.", "image_path": "mHznwJevQJk_image_50796194-1677-43c5-9d80-11a26ce6d101.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_978", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are two growth patterns: intracanalicular and cord-like.", "image_path": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_f1c07ebd-f05e-4dd4-867a-e8d638c08e75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_979", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DCIS may be mixed with invasive carcinoma and should be mentioned on resections.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_8d1b3284-0ef7-4c39-b9cb-7b39169bcebe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_980", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is expansion of the submucosa in the cecum.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_2df9c66a-bd7c-4f0e-b017-603c73a86b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_981", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possibility of lichenoid or interface process giving way to sclerodermoid type later on.", "image_path": "wmPRYRTmMiY_image_1de04966-eee7-466e-8f6d-f47642041c09.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_982", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This tumor does not make vascular channels.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_983", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerotic collagen and plasma cells are seen in necrobiosis lipoidica.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_984", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of scattered massive ugly cells in a neurofibroma can indicate a degenerative phenomenon, but in the setting of a large deep neurofibroma in an NF1 patient, it is important to carefully examine for other features that may indicate MPNST.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_b567d3de-3610-40ab-a706-ab308eefc56e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_985", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes are located among the basal layer and have dendritic processes that extend into the overlying stratum spinosum and surrounding basal layer.", "image_path": "3ABjflMVDt4_image_307e2e19-cbbe-466d-970e-388b3a6bdd5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_986", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In situ hybridization for Kappa and Lambda may not be helpful due to poor sensitivity.", "image_path": "dAwdAP96Gaw_image_a0e7ecb9-0170-4b5f-8952-e0f1602b7beb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_987", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basal cell carcinoma can have an infiltrative type that encompasses micronodular, morpheaform, and sclerosing types.", "image_path": "lJmcBNsK-L4_image_eb5dc8d2-5215-4500-a4f0-5bef95336270.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_988", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a sclerosing basal cell carcinoma that can sometimes involve nerves and has a higher chance of recurrence when it does.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_a0300617-7b2a-4d95-be4b-ee5649c337d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_989", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stasis vascular changes can lead to spindled fibroblasts in the background and mimic Kaposi sarcoma.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_a980dc7c-27d6-42f6-a800-887408659427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_990", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Touton giant cells may not always have a perfect ring of nuclei, and the foam around the outside of multinucleated cells is a characteristic feature.", "image_path": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b49c8696-232b-4461-aea6-cef6bff03627.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_991", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor shown is a chondroid syringoma, which is a type of cutaneous mixed tumor.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_80bcc2eb-6985-4332-a129-8c38e2a31085.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_992", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells sit on a basement membrane which cannot be seen without PAS staining material.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_993", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abundant papillary dermal edema and dense neutrophilic inflammation are characteristic of neutrophilic dermatosis.", "image_path": "4PjhlrxDhzY_image_27c0f7d5-abef-4b20-b608-635a6ad12b6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Rheumatology']", "id": "train_994", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick skin has five distinct layers of the epidermis, including the basal cell layer, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_9a6bca9b-1746-4785-8578-243d8f024ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_995", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In situ lesion arising in a dilated sweat duct with evidence from P63 staining. Invasive component arises from this in situ precursor, making it primary to the skin and not a metastasis.", "image_path": "AcYC2oV4igg_image_9f3d80e5-df9d-4309-aa60-d753abf8d4e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_996", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a large mass with well-differentiated and poorly differentiated sebocytes, basophilic precursor populations, scattered mitotic activity, and areas of necrosis.", "image_path": "0HO7ZewGw28_image_57274cbd-c587-40a1-9c27-2a6babde3026.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_997", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microcystic adnexal carcinoma needs a deeper biopsy if clinical concern persists.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_f9121df4-57cc-4b1a-8687-aa6668e9872d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_998", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid tumor growth with sclerosis and no glandular differentiation.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_1ed71ec0-f2ca-4902-bf64-8d17f9025535.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_999", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Paget's cells are abnormally ballooned and causing inflammation and reactive hyperkeratosis.", "image_path": "Z7eDNceo5ws_image_8c184d7e-8597-4456-9b44-cab971b86344.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Bone']", "id": "train_1000", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Meissner’s corpuscles are mechanoreceptors responsible for light touch.", "image_path": "3ABjflMVDt4_image_b430fa7a-19e9-4420-b5d1-5a8f1d330d56.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1001", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The origin of transitional type epithelium in the ovary is not clear, but it is believed to be a developmental remnant.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1002", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of larger tumor cells with clear cytoplasm intermingled with smaller round lymphocytes, which is a classic feature of seminoma.", "image_path": "n5woBVPpqbw_image_8f276904-4568-49d6-81c8-fe7018ed4c4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1003", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case being discussed is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland.", "image_path": "_j4_u4XSKmY_image_9f6a307e-d025-4074-ba0d-fdbecf34b938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1004", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of occasional mitotic activity and atypical mitotic activity.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_66c7166d-9b79-4d57-b8f8-d427d1c151d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1005", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the dual blood supply to the liver, with absorbed nutrition from the intestine entering through the hepatic portal vein and oxygenated blood supplied by the hepatic artery from the aorta.", "image_path": "WxTzFubdonw_image_fcce7a67-2e02-495c-baea-d77a3124367c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1006", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of the arrangement of cells in a solitary fibrous tumor, which is positive for CD34.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_10bc3880-af55-4c3d-ae67-7da8de57b446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1007", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bowen's disease can mimic or overlap with adnexal carcinoma.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_75c6348a-6b50-43af-8c90-efa64020216e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1008", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The esophagus has a myenteric plexus or Auerbach’s plexus in the connective tissue seam along the smooth muscle portion and a submucosal plexus or Meissner’s plexus in the submucosa.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1009", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marginal resection is the treatment of choice for an entity with a recurrence rate of 15%.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_3598b730-342f-4b84-a655-bf740a866add.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_1010", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In late phase PBC, bile duct loss occurs.", "image_path": "TpYikXO-DfM_image_52674956-cf8d-4501-ae39-30455bf90b7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1011", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Koilocytic change is seen in warts, characterized by viral particles, clumpy keratohylin granules, and white spaces.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_e70df43c-8b16-46ce-b4ec-41f34ef30031.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1012", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Untreated AIDS patients may have multiple infections, and the presence of one viral inclusion does not rule out the possibility of others.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_0dc3a8ce-f03e-4b8d-a976-8fb8389a22bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1013", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In this case, the adenocarcinoma is coming from the pancreas.", "image_path": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1014", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic carcinomas in lymph nodes are characterized by poorly differentiated malignant cells with a high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio.", "image_path": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_3243f126-9fd4-4fc5-9341-bd43d293a36b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1015", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucin pools without epithelium are also frequently seen.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_58d45005-a761-412e-a45e-f041ea3d81c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1016", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have an epithelioid morphology and are arranged in small nests with collagen aggregations.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1017", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of unhealthy glomeruli with rupture in Bowman’s capsule, proliferation of parietal epithelial cells, endovascular epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells indicating crescentic glomerulonephritis.", "image_path": "Kk9852Oi1Vo_image_56441849-3ab1-4998-8e04-857cee1f895a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1018", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a melanocytic lesion with lots of pigment and pagetoid spread, and nuclear pleomorphism, indicating melanoma.", "image_path": "mU8Bz3dTZNg_image_00cb943f-fc63-4171-9651-d16aeb0f77f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1019", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adenoid cystic carcinoma can have perineural invasion and has an adenocarcinoma-like morphology with lots of cyst-like spaces and secretory material.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_1bb656a2-fef3-4587-a0d7-b7cd9cf1046f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1020", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerotic areas of collagen in the dermis with somewhat vertically arrayed collagen and prominent vessels.", "image_path": "rgpw6skbEh8_image_a0b210cb-7189-4b69-b56f-36f5b732ab5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1021", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lamina muscularis mucosa is not continuous due to the presence of lymphatic nodules.", "image_path": "jFQVD09Hio4_image_c571341f-bb1e-4214-ab30-1926eb010f8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1022", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Traction alopecia is characterized by gradual strangulation of hair follicles and pink eosinophilic collagen buildup.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_0fd9279e-48bc-42f7-91e3-14ed0d952d6b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1023", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal stromal overgrowth is present in the epithelial-poor area.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1024", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This appearance is seen in classical papillary carcinoma of thyroid nuclear appearance.", "image_path": "7Tp5bPrDcdU_image_502c6e5b-1e4c-49cc-adba-0d58902b151a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Endocrine', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1025", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presentation of a case of interstitial granuloma annulare that may have been precipitated by trauma or an insect bite reaction.", "image_path": "r7SWcky6V0A_image_5e2453ab-1755-4bb0-a8be-8e3de9f8fccd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1026", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DRESS syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a rare but important drug-induced liver injury that presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and severe hepatitis.", "image_path": "8yOR65YKwTU_image_fa8dd686-9390-40d4-b35e-f208475715cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1027", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell change is present.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_04c22cc7-9067-4f2c-a8ca-4bdf2bbd34a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1028", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metal leeching from piercing structures can cause staining of elastic fibers, resembling an amalgam tattoo.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_59b16065-bfc7-4f9d-82eb-c08bb09b5903.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1029", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Culture or molecular methods are the gold standard for identifying fungal species.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_b748a481-898e-44e6-a9ec-3be01ba978ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1030", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of ductile epithelial cells and their characteristics in benign fibroadenoma.", "image_path": "dVLJszcU9i8_image_18073622-5311-446b-8905-66bb99ad11d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1031", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigmented lesion is densely packed and distributed predominantly in a perivascular pattern within the dermis.", "image_path": "Bmzu0oPvu9o_image_a5327ef0-b1dd-4ee7-b7dd-ca6e0da340af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1032", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is a cutaneous angiomyolipoma, which is not related to renal angiomyolipomas seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_60417d6f-2096-4c09-907c-0c0b89961b51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1033", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate around the superficial dermal vessels", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1034", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are actively disrupting the glands, raising suspicion of lymphoma.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_8a19bcb1-4732-483f-bab3-267ec6d11427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1035", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of an asbestos body, which is a fiber of asbestos coated with iron and present within an airspace, indicating high levels of asbestos exposure.", "image_path": "Zm6lzuozJUc_image_b322f1cc-a971-452c-9980-d1d5f54d8a9c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1036", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoblastomas have a wide range of appearances, including big cellular nests or sheets and staghorn branchy patterns.", "image_path": "ug1Z-r6iTmw_image_08ad6774-d54c-4706-9919-dfa67340801b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1037", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tunica media is the dominant feature of the vessel wall, characterized by 60-70 elastic laminae.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_f640d128-8bc0-45c5-b5da-d94e5bbec686.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1038", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Collagenous colitis is diagnosed when both a collagen band and increased intrapithelial lymphocytes are present.", "image_path": "HJm7rn2XW_4_image_affe411e-172f-4947-bfa9-c0aff5486ea7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1039", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is consistent with a sarcoidal foreign body granulomas reaction.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_b722810b-5207-4548-ba65-a3cc2f28a9a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1040", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of necrotic cells in catagen and high-ratio pigment casts in trichotillomania.", "image_path": "ss0DwWugylg_image_8365143a-a961-434a-a2a5-4011936d64fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1041", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible differentials include H. pylori gastritis and autoimmune gastritis.", "image_path": "v11BlQzjvBI_image_36669466-632c-4da1-acf7-e995ed928fee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1042", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section shows features that may suggest psoriasis, but closer examination reveals a skipping checkerboard pattern and no neutrophils, which are not typical of psoriasis.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_8948aab6-cf41-4162-aff2-326cec3443d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_1043", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thymoma type B1 subtype is well-circumscribed with a lobulated configuration.", "image_path": "3AIkLXNwYkU_image_0418da3c-cf1a-474e-ba39-ab4c422928b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1044", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peripheral invasive tumor with high grade appearance.", "image_path": "oCnV8-c2les_image_5029c6d0-f3d5-41df-83c6-b93981be377f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1045", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of calcium in the findings is associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), which can be inherited or acquired and has been linked to the use of penicillamine, liver transplants, and other inflammatory processes.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_1b43f00d-2616-4908-8fe0-9c487d0efa76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1046", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "BRAF mutation is characteristic of pilocytic astrocytoma, but some pathologists may not require it for diagnosis.", "image_path": "LP5rxqtCm7c_image_72578915-8256-4168-8aa7-c15be63004ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1047", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endothelial cells of sinusoids are isolated from hepatocytes by the space of this perisinusoidal space.", "image_path": "Z2_nXBl3sUQ_image_8d2eb548-26e4-4e78-bbbf-aa35fc68efa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatobiliary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1048", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator has low-grade dysplasia in a specific area of the epithelium.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_01418f56-6b4a-4f3b-b392-13dc3d26d0a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1049", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of scattered apoptotic keratinocytes mostly restricted to the basal layer of the epidermis", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1050", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Paget's cells are abnormally ballooned and causing inflammation and reactive hyperkeratosis.", "image_path": "Z7eDNceo5ws_image_8c184d7e-8597-4456-9b44-cab971b86344.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Bone']", "id": "train_1051", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Radial scars have central necrosis, which is not seen in this case.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_8d1b3284-0ef7-4c39-b9cb-7b39169bcebe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1052", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Active inflammation is seen in the epithelium.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_13d37b2b-6f75-431a-933a-5a40a2b5063c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1053", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being observed is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with multiple layers of cells and a thick layer of keratin at the apical surface.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_3bae02d2-6afd-4e5c-9211-852df44ecdd5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1054", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no cribriforming seen in the lesion.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_3619467a-ca86-48f4-b1a0-350cad0ea6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1055", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cell malignant tumor in the bladder may be urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation.", "image_path": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_47c807bf-1643-43f5-96ba-da088023a7ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1056", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucosa forms deep invaginations called Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses which may be associated with cholelithiasis.", "image_path": "gU7eVC5u5b4_image_5e952327-1a2c-4f08-9e5b-b498f93dffae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1057", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopic honeycomb change is present in some areas.", "image_path": "priLAZ3e4ac_image_4c47f411-d016-44be-803d-eb48496a84c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Rheumatology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1058", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Asynchronous pattern should not be seen with more than a few days difference in cycle stage.", "image_path": "u7bRzFBefW8_image_6aaf9ac4-1133-4d84-b8e2-3fef0c209aeb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1059", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteoblasts produce a thin layer of bone and require a high oxygen content and blood supply to survive.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_57be8005-fd21-4f5d-a17f-76a775a3478a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1060", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample shows ganglion cells and perineurium resembling eccrine glands.", "image_path": "ty52S8NMOeU_image_3b0d0ecb-da9d-4dab-8b97-9d8c13b2737b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1061", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the esophagus and its submucosa, including the presence of mucous secreting glands or seromucous glands in the upper and distal thirds.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_98dfe49f-52e8-4944-a7c7-60e326102d5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1062", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebocytes are observed at a higher power magnification with obvious sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_25f206f9-ed68-4c37-95a9-5713bdc0f9fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1063", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor is centered in the deep dermis or at the dermal subcutaneous junction.", "image_path": "SxddBT1SfWw_image_690280a8-7603-47a0-b56d-80a091ac352c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1064", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion with NTRK fusion and spindle cell neoplasm morphology.", "image_path": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_6f5175ee-60a9-4226-b056-c489ee908767.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1065", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous lobules are not present in the ear.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1066", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has leukocytoclastic vasculitis with fibrin in the wall of a blood vessel.", "image_path": "a_kSq1zmzos_image_24971755-6f6b-4401-acbf-de389d62ee42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1067", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Invasive pattern into the dermis is important for diagnosis.", "image_path": "XDH_y4JJqgk_image_fffe0487-494b-417f-8b8b-13eec514d654.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1068", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No granulation tissue-like reaction seen, but there's overlap with pyogenic granuloma.", "image_path": "0YHoUhRavQQ_image_dc2dabdb-9fb4-46e1-8b52-e30e168a85df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1069", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoblastomas may exhibit mitotic activity due to the rapid proliferation of follicle epithelium, but this does not necessarily indicate malignancy.", "image_path": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1070", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor characterized by ameloblast-like cells with nuclei pushed to the apical end away from the basal lamina.", "image_path": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_89061fe6-278c-4979-aa7c-6db7a20e095b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1071", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Migration of erythrocytes and leukocytes through lymphoid tissue in the spleen is described.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_7e3337a9-f37c-4159-8c3d-ed45482f429f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1072", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of necrosis, mitosis, and bizarre nuclei suggests leiomyosarcoma rather than leiomyoma.", "image_path": "D5pzStfqRa8_image_3d0cce0b-26aa-4f25-8ccb-d1cba4157ef0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1073", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acanthosis in the epidermis is a differential diagnosis of psoriasis.", "image_path": "BU9bKnThRuQ_image_5fe3af7d-608d-4bfc-bbe0-c96cdc4e618c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1074", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A delay in mineralization of the cartilage matrix can lead to a thickened zone of hypertrophy, seen in conditions such as Rickets.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_566bce47-b260-4523-bde4-15dd45616bac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1075", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma.", "image_path": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1076", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chondrocytes in the cartilage become enlarged and undergo apoptosis, resulting in the secretion of cytokines that attract mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into endothelial cells that produce blood vessels.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_57be8005-fd21-4f5d-a17f-76a775a3478a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1077", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_6f8d6e92-95dd-4a94-b2ae-ad88849bee45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1078", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PAX5 expression in atypical large cell population fits characteristic description of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_15b03b02-e6c6-4afd-8a00-88bf779ac68d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1079", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Measurement of tumor thickness determines the prognosis and behavior of the tumor.", "image_path": "k5F261IUTcY_image_9a71bf40-0435-4376-baa3-955b2f257802.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1080", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular tropic MF often presents with follicular papules that have a cornified layer and can be mistaken for keratosis pilaris.", "image_path": "lutlNGVXViU_image_3e622306-486f-4a5d-9af2-246b13b4b559.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1081", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being examined contains both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, including lymphocytes, monocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_cbe24ae5-4b95-4e6b-9ab0-7dfbd4234e4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1082", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Kidney is affected by amyloidosis, with deposition of amorphous pink material (amyloid) in the glomerulus.", "image_path": "zcImdqxXK08_image_3eedf5ed-4a28-4095-921e-2e4d98635366.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1083", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst is named based on its lining, which in this case appears corrugated and has a stratum corneum and keratin, resembling a saw.", "image_path": "ILTGpteOCmA_image_221f6cbe-79e5-4b8b-bd86-790558ae5aab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1084", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry can help identify a larger number of Hodgkin cells compared to what can be identified with the naked eye.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_0d3aac95-2742-405e-98e9-6e4068a0b174.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1085", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucinous type of epithelium with architectural complexity but no cytologic atypia.", "image_path": "NoIocHxe_NQ_image_7c951b5e-3a87-4975-b816-8d5711e2ccc2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1086", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The interlobular stroma is more cellular in this case.", "image_path": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_f1c07ebd-f05e-4dd4-867a-e8d638c08e75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1087", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1088", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign tumor of the vagina that must be differentiated from aggressive angiomyxoma.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_90402b3d-814f-4df8-960d-3616f687b9ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1089", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intravascular angiosarcoma is rare in vessels outside of the great vessels like the aorta or vena cava.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_2dc52050-bad8-49b2-becc-9bfda5995c9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1090", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the lymph node are all lymphoid cells, indicating a malignant lymphoma.", "image_path": "ViwWiD9ydck_image_9870a2b0-b56c-43a7-88a7-aff35cf747d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Lymphoma', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1091", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage.", "image_path": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1092", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Brenner tumors can be borderline or malignant, with the last stage being theoretical carcinoma.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1093", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_6f5175ee-60a9-4226-b056-c489ee908767.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1094", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Two types of cells in the parenchyma: acinar cells and myoepithelial cells (also called basket cells).", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1095", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibromas rarely metastasize, usually the cellular or aneurysmal type.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_e0f35017-ca6d-4b5f-8f68-90642ba036d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1096", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "White vacuoles at the interface of the epidermis and dermis.", "image_path": "aq4wK_g5hJE_image_8259692f-90a8-4ab4-8cc9-80c79c8a6697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1097", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of smudge cells does not always indicate CLL or SLL.", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_2542cd4b-2ef2-4963-8118-674160000d91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1098", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extension across adnexal structures is important in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_8721e347-328a-426b-b115-482ae456db73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1099", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma can also show ALK positivity with D5F3, but it has a morphologically different look.", "image_path": "RDLNw0GLeOI_image_5931a84c-47be-401d-a9a3-ab83e356751b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1100", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The discussed tumor is a Brenner tumor, positive for CK7 and thrombomodulin-modulin and EMA, and negative for CK20.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1101", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being discussed is a compound tubular gland.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_390eed98-9050-40de-a485-86388d6014f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1102", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suggestion of microfollicular formation in some areas.", "image_path": "cFcpySPD8y8_image_87a0071e-9a0c-4a75-9352-d39a2f5f9ca7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1103", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a large fungus ball with numerous hyphae and branching, septated appearance, and tiny spores/yeast.", "image_path": "0hFsbUrU2oQ_image_9cca2abe-deb8-41fc-b53c-468e0ef265d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1104", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma with horn cyst, basal buds, and pink strands with squamous differentiation, indicating malignancy.", "image_path": "roN25AVuV5U_image_3169ec35-a8c1-4bb7-a103-44e3209e6426.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1105", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucicarmine stain revealed mucin in the lumen and bluish areas, while tall cells did not stain with mucin. This appearance is characteristic of seromucinous neoplasms, which have a slightly different behavior.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_8dc7b2c3-6105-4533-8cac-97dbbb1b1d15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1106", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the location and characteristics of early and late spermatids in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules.", "image_path": "UaE7T6qXepU_image_c3757eba-e8ea-4ee6-8307-8c9a82ed0767.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1107", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1108", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclei appear atypical and dysplastic, with tall and columnar cells relative to adjacent normal colonic crypts.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_f5233438-2ef3-4dd7-8416-19c652738ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1109", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possibility of histiocytoid hemangioma should be considered.", "image_path": "0YHoUhRavQQ_image_dc2dabdb-9fb4-46e1-8b52-e30e168a85df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1110", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucinous glands are located in the basal compartment of the cells and have pale cytoplasm full of mucous secretions.", "image_path": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1111", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is pigment and papillary dermal fibrosis present.", "image_path": "W7mjj8jIhuM_image_f114bea2-2d83-4f9d-96ba-d460ebf34f53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1112", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of squamous epithelium is seen, suggesting a neoplasm with epithelial differentiation.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_122d953c-2fde-47cc-9310-a0cbc2b9f111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1113", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a lymphoma composed of lymphocytes and discussion of the difference between this type of lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.", "image_path": "FBXr3v64yR8_image_97369ed5-a7b3-4afd-a5f7-0ebca5f6f4b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Lymphoma', 'Oncology']", "id": "train_1114", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract: mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, and muscularis propria.", "image_path": "6Q9lXshZGa8_image_c1642b8d-3949-48cf-8d31-45271d259b14.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1115", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The predominant cell in the described area is oligodendrocytes, which are the myelination cells of the glial cells.", "image_path": "ZmMtTxiaJPA_image_e136f123-64f5-442f-93cd-71ba16b0a28a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1116", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_bc8d5683-e5ce-40fe-a909-6f647e7143bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1117", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Swirl little squamous eddies are a key feature of inverted follicular keratosis.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_f75cf339-85f5-4b89-a196-ee67de25fa89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1118", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemosiderin and hemorrhage are rare in DFSP but relatively common in dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "IqyZjd34xN4_image_86082ad4-79be-4a48-a3e6-7349dce678a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1119", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphism should not be the sole factor in determining malignancy, as some benign tumors like CEOT can have striking pleomorphism.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_b5a200ff-9a3e-4961-b1e0-fa6e874f2ca0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1120", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Transitional epithelium is a type of epithelium that can accommodate to the volume or fluid placed or the pressures placed on this particular epithelium.", "image_path": "YUFOqDHTC9Q_image_5d7044dd-37e6-491e-b45b-2c80f2638e8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1121", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a rich phagocytic reaction on the periphery of the necrosis with numerous macrophages swallowing the necrotic tissue.", "image_path": "TKgm4BRLAEk_image_b2bb31ac-e136-4ea0-b4dc-8277ddb2b63e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1122", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intracellular tiny particulate organisms seen in histiocytes is classic for histoplasmosis.", "image_path": "uaZ-QvFQIos_image_c0bd3e9c-a30a-41c5-915a-9f9efdbf9a70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1123", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no differentiation between cortex and medulla, or between glomeruli and fascicles and reticular.", "image_path": "6SgYypXX7fE_image_60e0afaf-ac8e-470a-a58a-0481d362e3cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1124", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the characteristics of cells, including their monotonous appearance, small size, high mitotic rate, and lack of cytoplasm, which may be indicative of lymphoma rather than leukemia.", "image_path": "QZwad9UWrv0_image_b30a9882-19e6-461f-9a25-714485a5dac7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1125", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a melanoma suspicion, which may indicate a skin cancer diagnosis.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_2c4e8900-3bca-47a3-80cc-d31d57cc85c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1126", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hobnail cells with pale cytoplasm and high-grade tumor nuclei suggests uterine papillary serous carcinoma.", "image_path": "1qRLaNE9S-c_image_5311556d-c2b4-4dce-b35f-6748b68c6913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1127", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are directly associated with tumor areas", "image_path": "Y3FlxCP_YZg_image_d91ca677-593f-459b-931d-bfde1e1fa80b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1128", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunotherapy agents can produce a variety of inflammatory changes in the bowel, which can mimic microscopic colitis or take a variety of forms.", "image_path": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_f1a9e6d4-9076-4ac1-bb74-8db605fdcff6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1129", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neoplastic squamous cells with keratinization are present in the sample.", "image_path": "fHRHdA7cHfU_image_27cfdfa2-a188-4b9c-a75c-cdc61d3b716b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1130", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of pancreatic tissue with cellular areas, vascular and cystic changes, necrosis, and calcification.", "image_path": "V3WbRvPS8AU_image_bb7fd88f-5288-4363-9cd2-996c3d4673e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1131", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrative growth pattern is rare in these nodules.", "image_path": "YkO40KHFYTg_image_3db7d84a-b0ea-4c37-91f3-d9894ea98c15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1132", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Onychomatricoma is thought to be related to the matrix epithelium of the nail matrix.", "image_path": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1133", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrin and clumps of black material are visible on the H&E stain.", "image_path": "AKS7kSl4x5k_image_310dc0c1-8e13-45c9-bae5-35f8ce4012da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1134", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fat necrosis in breast tissue can cause variation in adipocyte size due to leaky cellular membranes.", "image_path": "UHFaAtSKCSQ_image_5eea9d83-2454-4127-bc1f-0b400032d9e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1135", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Talon noir is a condition that causes dark lesions on the heel or other sites, which can be mistaken for melanoma.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_4e8e007b-53d9-47d3-a531-7e89720150b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1136", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The liver contains liver cell plates separated by sinusoids lined with endothelial cells and containing Kupffer cells.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_af1d6c01-04d5-49b4-ac8a-dea003ad494f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1137", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodules are moderately cellular and composed of spindle cells arranged in sheets and small fascicles.", "image_path": "3qmVDVi9CPM_image_6d70f6b1-57ae-4cf1-b2fb-71ac06bc59c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1138", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Primary breast sarcoma can occur post-radiation and will label for vascular markers such as CD34, CD31, and ERG.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_d2c9ebbc-1540-4528-8256-4680c0daefe3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1139", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic nodular form of vasculitis is seen in granuloma faciale and erythema elevatum diutinum.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1140", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of tissue scar, connective tissue with fibrocytes, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and the early and later corpus albicans. Germinal epithelium covering the ovary and the tunica albuginea as a connective tissue capsule. Many stages of follicle development in the cortex.", "image_path": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_7fd240da-5e83-42a9-9f4c-cded1dfc81e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1141", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Negative P63 staining in the lesion, indicating it is not an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1142", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be a tubulovillous adenoma with villous projections making up more than a quarter of the lesion.", "image_path": "KO291SXq44U_image_edf1ad2d-f598-4128-94df-b7133c55df8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1143", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fluid secretion can lead to diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) regardless of the underlying cause.", "image_path": "mEVWMuZWxkk_image_cd0df2e7-ea64-40e2-bcfe-5ca3f680a8c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1144", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recommendation for excision of proliferating pilar/trichilemmal tumor.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_911dc859-7fe5-40a2-98f3-e9fc7db74b81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1145", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bilobed nucleus is a key characteristic of the cells.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_ecd3308c-b126-4f0c-b2a9-c170b7cadb0e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1146", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a skin lesion with compact orthohyperkeratosis and acanthosis of the epidermis, central ulceration, and a dense and diffused infiltrate.", "image_path": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_687df138-53a0-4f79-9a74-0bfbccd9395b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1147", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of diffused SMA, desmin, and caldesmon can indicate a true smooth muscle tumor like leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "jzZ96SBcer4_image_b579f025-5c59-4007-9008-dcef6e7cba17.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1148", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Monsel's reaction can produce a robust inflammatory infiltrate and even a pseudo-sarcomatous reaction in the skin.", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_3a7f7b65-48c9-4945-b1c5-654827844671.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1149", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large nodule filling the dermis and extending into the subcutis.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_083c7b8c-c0b4-43d0-a59a-089ca588dd9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1150", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cross-sections of pilar erecti muscle or pilar muscle, eccrine glands, and subcutaneous fat are visible.", "image_path": "K8-DE3csg5k_image_695868aa-fbf8-4b9a-86db-4dfa68c10288.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1151", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferative myositis is characterized by splayed apart muscles and complete muscle replacement in flat, thin muscles.", "image_path": "J4CN_3Gma8g_image_1caad979-7883-49a1-8647-51f118ba5269.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1152", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of toxic granulation in a patient.", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_5c2a38cf-a197-4574-a318-5734b87e3328.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1153", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Linear multiple basaloid follicular hamartoma is thought to be an acquired form.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e1b51985-c823-47b3-b70c-f1984deec662.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1154", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sinusoidal endothelium is an incomplete layer with large holes between cells, allowing for free access of blood to the hepatocytes.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_70361d59-3a47-4565-8207-471313a04ee4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1155", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glomeruli appear unremarkable.", "image_path": "Yqz1tXU0-Mk_image_368db1f9-e47b-411d-9799-00b3c747975f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1156", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ameloblasts are columnar cells that produce enamel, which is not visible on decalcified slides. The gap after the enamel is the ameloblast gap. The thick blue layer is dentin, and the darker layer is pre-dentin, which is not mineralized.", "image_path": "7Y15PMocD8c_image_d24e87f1-cdf5-450d-80ee-066718ea45b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1157", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes and Schwann cells have a neuroectodermal a neural crest origin and share some features with one another.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1158", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinical features of conventional mycosis fungoides include multiple patches and plaques in various regions of the body, which persist and spread over time.", "image_path": "a2FkQh_VTpg_image_345a7cb0-1547-4487-ad44-1d502545d1d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1159", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cell tumors that are strongly and diffusely positive for S100 or SOX10 are unlikely to be MPNST.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_3f3f756c-0c52-41e4-8b1d-e9803f19f8ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1160", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Increased number of blood vessels located closer to the epidermis.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1161", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mature teratomas with squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_89039e1b-e1f0-4fdc-ac13-dd6fdb35bfa2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1162", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of the kidney based on the presence of glomeruli and tubules.", "image_path": "hJSfEAQkaBM_image_fbe5aeed-bee0-4d5b-a8db-70fc512cda9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1163", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Most basal cell carcinomas have a good prognosis if detected early and treated, but some can grow deeply into nerves and other structures if neglected.", "image_path": "og6Qywi0zsc_image_6eb6f047-dd6a-4673-8375-1ac49b3350dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1164", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pattern is reminiscent of what is seen in the endometrium, with endometrial glands and intervening spindle cell stroma.", "image_path": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_4970e4ee-bdfe-4d22-865f-60947c8f2371.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1165", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Type A thymomas are lymphocyte-rich and epithelium-rich with spindle-like mesenchymal morphology.", "image_path": "3AIkLXNwYkU_image_0418da3c-cf1a-474e-ba39-ab4c422928b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1166", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are areas of chronic injury in the cortex.", "image_path": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_9e93b742-aa31-4795-97ea-df18dc971634.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1167", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear features include clearing and grooves.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_aa45629b-7958-4fde-8d1a-5bb10bf53c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1168", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The body forms a foreign body reaction to gout crystals in the skin, resulting in a palisaded granulomatous dermatitis-like appearance.", "image_path": "iPos7QCIFHQ_image_28b5b971-defa-4246-baf9-21d117261a9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1169", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine cells have a salt and peppered appearance to the chromatin.", "image_path": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_d24a246a-3f6f-4a7a-a51d-fe287da304b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1170", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of nuclei and chromatin distribution, with the presence of mitotic figures indicating the possibility of adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_4d93f9b0-3229-42b7-bd1f-08143831a19e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1171", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The core has no mitochondria and disorganized myofibrils.", "image_path": "Di1ZY82A5Ys_image_c86aa9e0-d945-424a-9f9a-df60ec0281ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1172", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is a secretory phase of the endometrium.", "image_path": "989Jd28S2l8_image_7dc4e32e-08bf-4bd5-ae4c-4f29e5ede2b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1173", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Areas of squamous metaplasia are present.", "image_path": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1174", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous alveoli with alveolar walls are shown, giving the spongy nature characteristic of lung tissue.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_ead715f2-c484-4bb4-8f44-4884c3e4d1f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1175", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of foam cells or xanthoma cells in an infiltrate, indicating a xanthoma.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1176", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent central nuclei and pale nuclear chromatin.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_09aaf58f-607d-4db1-8103-91e32314206d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1177", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the characteristics of mycobacteria leprae, which have a mycolic acid capsule that gives them a waxy appearance and causes them to accumulate lipid.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_2024f5d3-914f-4fcb-b4b3-585f091432e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1178", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratin-filled cysts and multinucleated giant cells are characteristic of this entity, but can also be seen in other tumors.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_f09d7715-4ab6-4456-b1c0-e2430ea7b2b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1179", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1180", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stroma lamina propria infiltrated by diffuse type of adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "yLoDjvK6bog_image_debc2843-3c00-4f63-8c1f-3c95b67a0bc7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1181", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is benign and has round and benign nuclei.", "image_path": "crwGfnWKEZ8_image_eb4e73e1-db5a-43ed-8bc3-2265b2bac895.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1182", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion often arises near the epiphysis and can be a big lytic lesion in the end of the long bone.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1183", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample looks like epithelial due to its basaloid morphology and being contiguous with the epidermis in some areas.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_da0d6106-5e0f-4d9a-a897-10db44cc1c53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1184", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Concern for a GLI1 rearranged neoplasm", "image_path": "xF1Wl7VZZZk_image_b4f597a9-ee34-4fe3-b06c-f02bf53f2d50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1185", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intralobular ducts are lined with one layer of cuboidal cells, while interlobular ducts are surrounded by connective tissue.", "image_path": "zpWTyTvoLRk_image_82e6e6b9-69d5-4caa-bcd6-eb8d13e2b6f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1186", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1187", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of cartilaginous neoplasm in central and unusual locations should raise the possibility of chondrosarcoma.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1188", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The fibrosis is not uniform and there are areas that appear normal.", "image_path": "priLAZ3e4ac_image_4c47f411-d016-44be-803d-eb48496a84c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Rheumatology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1189", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PVNS involves a large joint space with frond-like papillary projections filling up along the synovial surface.", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_fbee61fc-1dcf-4889-af99-5e7a3f736ad6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1190", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of mucinous spaces in a potentially malignant lesion requires examination for evidence of dysplasia or cytologic atypia in the epithelial elements, as carcinomas can rarely derive from this type of lesion.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_b32f03c2-4ef5-46c9-8886-54b15b79fd66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1191", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Use of S100 protein and cytokeratin stains to exclude other potential spindle cell neoplasms.", "image_path": "UF2WSCVdsog_image_9fec1b30-eb83-40ae-8ad7-d5626bb62ce6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1192", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The amount of lesion seen in different levels of core needle biopsy can vary.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1193", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sweet syndrome is characterized by marked papillary dermal edema, nodular and diffuse infiltrates of neutrophils with karyorrhexis, and focal LCV.", "image_path": "4PjhlrxDhzY_image_27c0f7d5-abef-4b20-b608-635a6ad12b6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Rheumatology']", "id": "train_1194", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Androgenetic alopecia can be identified by large sebaceous lobules on the scalp due to androgen stimulation.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1195", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin stain can be used to support diagnosis of fibromatosis.", "image_path": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_22dd443b-bd6e-4753-a501-50ba49a5da54.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1196", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The proximal convoluted tubule is characterized by being very large and granular, with a stellate or stellate lumen and a microvilli border.", "image_path": "EchGRGULuS8_image_59638bfd-972c-4d5f-83d8-af621c7ec4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1197", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue in the submucosa.", "image_path": "M6zcmsy8c-o_image_b8bf3b1c-92d5-4b6e-a265-3bcbe0e0d9a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1198", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bruch membrane is a layer that separates the retina from the choroid.", "image_path": "tXWarf8FEW0_image_e2cb9947-93db-474c-83f4-de5428276bfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1199", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor seen in this case was small and located around the dermal to subcutaneous junction, near the eccrine sweat gland coils.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_7d5dc987-d63b-4798-ac0b-851341f9b5d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1200", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tuberous xanthoma is a large sheet of xanthoma cells with variable amounts of fibrosis that tend to arise in extensor elbow and knee sites and are often associated with lipid abnormalities.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1201", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has papillary projections and heavy stromal sclerosis with areas of punched out architecture and more solid areas.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_967fd004-0555-4cda-93bb-87a13f707f4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1202", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "As the cells move further out, they become more plump and epithelioid, with admixed acute inflammation.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_7b574471-9820-46f0-b340-529d2aa265e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1203", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Significant pleomorphism or mitotic activity should not be seen.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_2491af44-0685-4ac2-9bf6-9f4480ca64fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1204", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case being discussed is a late stage of scleroderma with ulceration.", "image_path": "q9_bSt-wMRU_image_b7c3c997-e824-4dc5-befc-1e7481ccc930.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1205", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nevus is composed predominantly of spindle cells with abundant cytoplasm and round or oval shape.", "image_path": "4gVxqbZmzkA_image_5dd0df3a-c693-4dcf-8160-6d145f52eb41.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1206", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Linear fissures are present on the labial mucosa.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_aea85173-c019-4d1f-a709-f1854b656669.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1207", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cutaneous PEComas are rare tumors that may show marked cytologic atypia or other features of malignancy, requiring expert consultation.", "image_path": "VXpcFYy1cZg_image_830f86c7-4035-4b96-8510-28de75598211.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1208", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_2fc7c927-4ba4-444a-8327-f5b5e8ef61e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1209", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows atypical keratinocytic proliferation that does not fit into any specific category, but the presence of a stack of parakeratosis with vacuoles and a divot in the epidermis confirms the diagnosis.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fc3f8c-3f1a-411e-bd4f-a966d328d51e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1210", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of clinical appearance of warts with little black dots which are actually hemorrhages from blood engorged vessels in a dying area of papillae.", "image_path": "diXi1Nht6LM_image_a6f55be9-ffd8-4c2a-928a-f2f161064ccd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1211", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of neutrophils and ulceration suggests inflammation, possibly caused by gallstones in the case of chronic cholecystitis.", "image_path": "qtBnfBf_g98_image_b65121f0-e542-4c45-94bc-f5a552522a50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1212", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Big atypical cells can be seen in the setting of a background that looks like nodular fasciitis, and are characteristic of proliferative myositis.", "image_path": "ejhZpkhv0Vk_image_5f931fb2-b272-4c09-b6a7-f0cd0c9c24f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1213", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperplastic acini with invaginations or papillary-like structures and hyperplasia of the stroma, consisting of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle cells, are characteristic of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate gland. Retention of the basal layer of cells is important in distinguishing nodular hyperplasia from carcinoma.", "image_path": "sMCse4awU20_image_785fdc75-c55e-43d7-b591-e1c934735bdd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Endocrine', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1214", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of cytopathology stains and identification of ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells.", "image_path": "iBtvPrrX93s_image_9fefb399-2899-4784-9a67-0007fcc27607.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1215", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text mentions hyphal lung-rod-like structures and exuberant squamous proliferation with pseudoepitheliumous hyperplasia and microabscesses.", "image_path": "zyDWLFsnwUk_image_03ed7236-a295-4109-a727-6c8bc4e8eaff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1216", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Insular or island infiltrative pattern to the lesion, resembling a neuroendocrine tumor.", "image_path": "r9YcNCSrccM_image_4e785201-4f71-4eb9-8845-096772a85e68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1217", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High-grade dysplasia is characterized by gland crowding and little lamina propria between some of the glands.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_84cf5f2c-fe21-450c-9b00-40b156e26480.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1218", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, also known as Evans tumor, is a rare type of sarcoma, with only one or two cases seen per year.", "image_path": "aH4arK8q_T0_image_187cdcd8-f15f-4828-87be-e6050aada4fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1219", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of melanoma in the reticular dermis with an infiltrate that is likely to be melanoma as well.", "image_path": "-vVBw8GFfaY_image_1ee3d23b-a5e9-403d-9d44-992bf20b67c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1220", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells within the cytoplasm of some cells, known as emperipolesis.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1221", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of differential diagnosis for trichodiscoma, fibrofolliculoma, and fibrous papule with a hair follicle embedded in the middle.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_a0aff739-82fd-4d4d-abbc-fd530961d067.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1222", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Significant increase in the number of plasma cells within the lamina propria.", "image_path": "2Ygx3i75OSw_image_5d0bf7e1-8be4-4e6d-b37d-84cb531aa658.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1223", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignancy can sometimes be seen next to or within a sebaceous lesion.", "image_path": "fb1VKk3XS-k_image_24adc288-ecb2-477d-86aa-c3d52aa109bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1224", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of staining techniques for medical diagnosis, including potential pitfalls and considerations for interpretation.", "image_path": "zdWFmSoouXM_image_af65b752-4a74-4448-9110-71e5e01bc1b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1225", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of pigmented neurofibroma with pigmented cells that are tadpole shaped, dendritic or spindled with brown pigment.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1226", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DFSP can have a range of cellularity, from hypocellular with collagen in the background to more cellular areas.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_1258d7f2-fbfb-431b-96d4-2d9f679669b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1227", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Testicular biopsy from a 30-year-old male was taken to investigate infertility.", "image_path": "ngthzeVx2s8_image_5f5e1178-b556-426f-9049-9e7bb711568d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1228", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of diagnostic markers for oligodendrogliomas, including positivity for IDH stain and retained ATRX with low or negative P53.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_e7711ab9-a25c-42a4-9647-765017a0dc3b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1229", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of cutaneous necrosis, where the epidermis is dead and pink due to breakdown of nuclear membrane and DNA by endonucleases.", "image_path": "bLgyK0vDCA4_image_3af2fc18-2bb3-4b02-8055-ff9b51c560a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1230", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of vasa vasorum (blood vessels within the blood vessel) in the outer walls of large arteries and veins.", "image_path": "iv9jT5PRSkk_image_6456ffc2-f2dc-48a3-9804-bfb83aefc3b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1231", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biopsy of a Gottron papule in dermatomyositis shows almost no inflammation but some alteration of the DE junction with telangiectasia.", "image_path": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_f8cd70aa-e3de-48b9-ae2b-7b69f4077702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1232", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tadpole shaped ducts and comma shaped structures are seen in syringoma.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_f9121df4-57cc-4b1a-8687-aa6668e9872d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1233", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ECL cell hyperplasia is identified by more than five enterochromaffin-like cells present within the glandular epithelium.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1234", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psammoma bodies can form in many pathological conditions, including papillary carcinoma thyroid.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_7b75b220-ec02-4571-8132-bab1faed75bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1235", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Technique used to sample lesions to rule out basal cell and dysplastic nevus versus melanoma.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_eedb505e-19ca-404e-8678-d30dfa0cec2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1236", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tubular carcinoma is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "fJc72K7XBU0_image_997f2fac-269d-4dbb-ad63-cc4b98f13b79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1237", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CMV infection may also involve macrophages, although not as exuberant as in herpes.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_5c4cb21f-ead4-4ee9-88d2-b9f9c65ee3b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1238", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ink is used to determine the orientation of the section.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_7cbe36d5-a44a-448d-8819-37adfe94f1de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1239", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Edema within the mucosa and wall of the gallbladder.", "image_path": "zth4NYjONns_image_31dafd46-fa18-4fb9-a27b-cfbe6af6c66d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1240", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histo organisms are small and have a capsule that can be highlighted with PAS or GMS stain.", "image_path": "uaZ-QvFQIos_image_c0bd3e9c-a30a-41c5-915a-9f9efdbf9a70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1241", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 stain may be used to rule out melanoma.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_15823261-9f37-445d-9185-82ba30c81cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1242", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section shows relaxed transitional epithelium with dome-shaped surface cells, also known as umbrella cells.", "image_path": "P22orrXhWNo_image_5eec4162-40f5-4785-9a36-2c9d480bafcf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Renal', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1243", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of trichilemmoma as having an inverted growth pattern and pale cells.", "image_path": "phzzoLLbxts_image_14618553-df15-4a38-8f69-d0ce788ff43c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1244", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Review of biopsies and identification of free floating tissue fragments that can be difficult to distinguish from normal enteric epithelium, especially in well-differentiated pancreatic tumors.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_55e4d857-0e23-4f0a-a888-37ecd3aafd0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1245", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Apocrine metaplasia is commonly seen in the central or ductal component of the proliferation in pleomorphic adenoma categories.", "image_path": "Xb6ogjoEfD4_image_0bc68982-6c8a-4ba3-94f8-e5feb3bf7c8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1246", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The gut contains a myenteric plexus between the layers of the muscularis externa, including in the colon.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_394cc57a-238f-4341-b287-e27b4e3fc833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1247", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Respiratory epithelium is present in the central component, with tufting or serration and ciliated cells.", "image_path": "weGIKE5ZH6I_image_55a1cf42-db60-4143-b81e-d94ba32b7a23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1248", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.", "image_path": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1249", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive for SOX10, S100, and patchy MART1 or melan A.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_09aaf58f-607d-4db1-8103-91e32314206d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1250", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Theca interna cells secrete androstenedione in response to LH.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_8e88bd6c-c5b1-48f9-85f0-7e708741bdff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1251", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in drawing a line where the basal layer of the epidermis or basal membrane is present indicates interface dermatitis.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_1779338b-85e9-480a-92e3-ebd042d4926e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1252", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large fibroblasts with pleomorphism and multinucleated cells with numerous normal-appearing mitotic figures may be present.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1253", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1254", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_0fdb6802-764b-497a-b512-75847b2df4c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1255", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1256", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lace-like network pattern is suspicious for osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_9a368953-cc57-45b2-b923-8b3d36982baa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1257", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucin production can be seen within the lumen and some of these spaces.", "image_path": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_2ad18147-e289-43ca-85ff-5e6811a95204.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1258", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nevus sebaceous has grown over time and can sometimes develop different tumors, including skin and nexal tumors like hair follicle or sweat gland tumors.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1259", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate of neutrophils and breakdown of neutrophils can simulate vasculitis, leading to a misdiagnosis of histoplasmosis as leukocytoclastic vasculitis.", "image_path": "uaZ-QvFQIos_image_c0bd3e9c-a30a-41c5-915a-9f9efdbf9a70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1260", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic aggregates can help distinguish neurofibromas with scattered atypia from desmos.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_2e9c0dfc-5e27-448a-a18d-bf95678326e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1261", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 stain may be used to rule out melanoma.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_15823261-9f37-445d-9185-82ba30c81cdf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1262", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrobiosis with a palisade of granuloma around necrobiosis of collagen, which is characteristic of granuloma annulare.", "image_path": "EYieECSi9Ew_image_c1c59ff2-310a-41a8-a58c-2337bbfbbd3c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1263", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In verruca vulgaris, the particles are heterogeneous and jagged or irregular, unlike molluscum.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_8fafb286-b750-4cd9-b839-53b4d187ac01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1264", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deep perivascular infiltrate seen in both superficial and deep dermis in an arthropod bite reaction.", "image_path": "bOdzO-ZFiQQ_image_48dffc01-3d67-4d57-9fe6-8b9a2eac9399.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1265", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1266", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of keratin pearls and their association with squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "kjeLAyibFCQ_image_b20c8b10-b99d-43b1-8eaa-b795bdf86ead.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1267", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic granular bodies, and abnormal ganglion cells are present.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1268", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stratification of intermediate cells can be highlighted with P40 and P63 to differentiate from other tumors.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_7d94d39e-decf-401c-8107-ac462fe3ebef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1269", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is interstitial fibrosis, which is often idiopathic.", "image_path": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_541a715b-6e94-4f9a-ae82-ea7a01e44f2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1270", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands may also have some eccrine characteristics.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_6878139a-0c19-4b89-ae25-447bd9b0d670.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1271", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Excision of the lesion is necessary.", "image_path": "K4f3osVpGIk_image_0e36648b-8ad6-41ca-b630-6f39812ff0d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1272", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bisected punch biopsy specimen from the distal lower extremity showing relatively thin dermis and thick-walled vessels in the papillary dermis, which is common in the lower extremity due to hydrostatic pressure.", "image_path": "aPv0VRHVqCI_image_231c91dd-628e-4729-a0e5-778306ade62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1273", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Similar double layers of cuboidal epithelium are found in the ducts of sweat glands and salivary glands.", "image_path": "uG44rG8mqtc_image_d531be57-e3be-4bd2-9403-5807a1b2f56f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1274", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is characterized by spindle cells and thin slit-like spaces, which may contain red blood cells.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_af124c64-694a-44e3-8c1d-eda71129cdc3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1275", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic nuclei observed in some cells, suspicious for viral cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1276", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of a differential diagnosis for a non-parasitic structure, ultimately determined to be aspirated vegetable material called a lentil.", "image_path": "RDLNw0GLeOI_image_dfb3bf94-396e-45d9-b4c2-bf66f2917092.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1277", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute interstitial pneumonia is present.", "image_path": "P_Rvxd1-ZYM_image_0d1dfbec-6590-4f6c-a086-35bfd4a4e143.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1278", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deflated nuclei of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule can be seen.", "image_path": "sZo2CR0qZ9Q_image_132df1e4-d703-4924-8c26-94b840127453.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1279", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermis is undergoing necrosis due to fungus in the dermis.", "image_path": "F7fm1QiO6aU_image_d38d4998-fd38-4f1d-9f7d-18cbd7b72393.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1280", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor in the esophageal growth is poorly differentiated and falls under undifferentiated carcinoma.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1281", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Genes involved in regulating iron metabolism include HAMP, HFE, TFR2, and HJP.", "image_path": "AY3EjBB-3yQ_image_f0c65faf-68dc-430a-a169-63f73160c0f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1282", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurons are larger and less common than astrocytes.", "image_path": "ZmMtTxiaJPA_image_205a398c-e2b8-4a2d-a4bb-8b577c0457a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1283", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel’s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel’s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages.", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1284", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows simple cuboidal epithelium in the tubules.", "image_path": "rKHjsD0dVnY_image_79da4f08-b515-4355-9313-a8b6fc642a80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1285", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The disease is mostly in situ, but there are some melanoma cells invading into the stroma.", "image_path": "qFz6--cIM10_image_4d3a2b37-1707-4a6f-bdc8-2c07054d2c00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Molecular pathology']", "id": "train_1286", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible differential diagnoses include nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans", "image_path": "UdnN_bDd9eM_image_930703f4-8cec-4a0b-a31c-785afaa39329.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1287", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1288", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunophenotype involves staining for amikar, P63, and high molecular weight cytokeratin.", "image_path": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1289", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Taste pores can be observed at higher magnification.", "image_path": "Qp7_vF-eUKE_image_a24c6f5a-7a90-47d8-aacd-75efabbcdad5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1290", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Different scenarios for papillary carcinoma include classic and follicular follicles, follicular variants of papillary carcinoma, and encapsulated lesions with capsular invasion or lymphovascular invasion.", "image_path": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_08966e66-f852-4d82-864c-04514a26267d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1291", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Invasive squamous cell carcinoma can present with parakeratosis and an indented or crater shape or volcano-shaped eruption of keratin out of the skin.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_3f2597c4-53bf-4600-b423-2e234aa9cfe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1292", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Simple freckles do not have linear proliferation of melanocytes, but rather just hyperpigmentation of the basal layer of keratinocytes.", "image_path": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_8a6166fa-0df4-4f7f-b0f4-4193db5e8fa8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1293", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The illustration is a transmission electron microscopy of the striated border, or the microvillus border, illustrating some of the microvilli extending from the surface of an intestinal epithelial cell.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7225aa2d-a38c-4775-8620-fd77c4e2d083.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1294", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of cells with round, oval-shaped nucleus that are uniform and bland.", "image_path": "4FWuPEXo-a0_image_d8591581-4a41-4e17-9301-4d74c7451d6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1295", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Well-circumscribed lesion with a possible stalk and intact epithelium. Presence of vessels and intact pseudostratified columnar epithelium.", "image_path": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_a0ba7ca2-3712-4a06-af53-52f16c6f9b75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1296", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor appears to be transitioning to a higher-grade oligodendroglioma.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_fd213fb4-a038-4936-b89b-c9001ca4e244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1297", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Flattened cystic spaces with cuboidal cells lining the entire area.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_ece78549-9472-410e-92d0-59bf5bbdba3e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1298", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of collapsed vitreous material and fibrovascular membrane in a growth, possibly related to retinoblastoma.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_842c6519-e033-4fcb-b931-5c175a226749.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1299", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acquired digital fibrokeratoma often occurs on the digits, but can also occur on the palm or sole.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1300", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of villous pattern and adenomatous glands with round/tubular architecture in polyps.", "image_path": "HnCzwYp2cjk_image_eaa2e115-4f6d-42a3-83e8-15cb735af07a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1301", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The primary tumor appears as a nodule in the mid-dermis.", "image_path": "enYtcGSWC5w_image_2d632d11-ed6f-4899-b9ea-0954bdd182da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1302", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No lipoblasts or nuclear atypia seen.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_69fc197f-fd8c-48ed-b4af-9ae5cb558286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1303", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prelaminar optic nerve invasion is suspected and is an important prognostic feature.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_9fedcb5d-4fe3-417d-811f-d1c489bcfab5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1304", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes attack the basal keratinocytes, causing some of them to die and resulting in the formation of pink blobs of dead keratin.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_6f8d6e92-95dd-4a94-b2ae-ad88849bee45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1305", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other areas of the tumor resemble atypical cartilage.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1306", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The margin is minimal and there is a risk of recurrence due to the possibility of an adjacent daughter area remaining behind.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_afc25ec4-818d-4eeb-bbe5-2a70a84c6abd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1307", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular adenoma with confluent papillary hyperplasia is a possible diagnosis.", "image_path": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_51622b83-6877-4266-837a-7aa7713b3d18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1308", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the region being observed are bland, uniform, and monomorphic, with no hyperchromasia, pleomorphism, or mitotic axis.", "image_path": "c2S_vipzy74_image_65500a2c-379b-49a0-96bc-a9d895c5ffcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1309", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Location and depth of involvement, nerve involvement, and patient immune status are important prognostic factors.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_673ba133-363c-463c-92fd-dd62fb63a5eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1310", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A significant proportion of juvenile polyps show erosions on the surface.", "image_path": "9VZwn5a8qnw_image_d6dd7775-aad9-4430-8637-fe7f2ae0ab7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1311", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1312", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion with tubules filled with thick sweat secretion and double layer of cuboidal lining, some with proliferating tufts or papillae or micropapillary urothelial carcinoma into the lumen. Lesion appears infiltrative in the middle but is circumscribed on the outside.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_46630f33-6881-4f00-9724-99d9bb85023a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1313", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Goblet cells are also present within the trachea.", "image_path": "YUFOqDHTC9Q_image_2cd4b456-af02-42d9-b1ab-8c6f1870d2df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1314", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bronchial muscle retains its prominence and becomes a major supporting element of the bronchial wall.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_d9c99dee-5e02-41be-ae4f-98825294aaf7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1315", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pigment cast and trichomalacia, with absence of hair shafts.", "image_path": "ktiL59R70BQ_image_a114fb25-fa67-4995-b08f-2d3b5ad88cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1316", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 stain should always be used with S100 or Sox stain to avoid misdiagnosis.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_cceb1fcd-90a0-413c-a32b-0fff4ffaa7db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1317", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type.", "image_path": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1318", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of morphea or scleroderma include very sclerotic dermis, loss of adnexa, and loss of pericrine fat.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_eb30377c-4e58-4f75-8e9e-123f4cba32b7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1319", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bizarre and atypical cartilage can be a sign of chondroblastic osteosarcoma, especially if in the bone and in the right radiographic and clinical setting.", "image_path": "Wq6rQ5Karp8_image_d890f7d9-62ff-48ac-ab44-633c6f9c48d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1320", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Langerhans cells are also S100 positive and are located in the mid layer of the epidermis.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_3f53c18f-cb4b-405a-aaf5-d362cbb62738.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1321", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows cholecystitis and the three layers of the gallbladder: mucosa, muscularis, and connective tissue.", "image_path": "ZZd0t-Bb82c_image_f6cb1e19-e839-4012-910c-57e101836702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1322", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synovial chondromatosis is a metaplastic process where multiple islands of cartilage form in the soft tissue adjacent to a synovial line space.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_7edfef5a-b228-4312-b70f-ed57c9ac6060.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1323", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_cd0a9fe0-dd37-473e-9cbb-22484b383631.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1324", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of masses of pigment-laden melanophages in some areas.", "image_path": "-vVBw8GFfaY_image_1ee3d23b-a5e9-403d-9d44-992bf20b67c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1325", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Strong 3 plus diffuse staining of actin is required to support smooth muscle tumor diagnosis in the absence of Desmin staining.", "image_path": "zdWFmSoouXM_image_4c45cded-80d9-45c5-a734-7aaf814b45e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1326", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of normal tissue at the hilum of the parathyroid gland indicates adenoma in retrospect.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_75ce3137-d086-4f65-b4cb-a391c987b784.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1327", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of epithelioid cells, which are transformed macrophages with voluminous cytoplasm and oval-shaped or regular nuclei with small nucleoli.", "image_path": "39vySDTk080_image_d5868f3f-d6e8-4903-8501-3a832f580064.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1328", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a pigmented actinic keratosis with increased pigmentation and absence of associated parakeratosis.", "image_path": "I4Sukev6M1Q_image_bd26f0d8-c4ea-4573-94b3-aaabdc8a1632.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1329", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of possible causes of spongiotic dermatitis, including contact dermatitis, occupational contact, end reactions, and classic primary spongiotic dermatitis.", "image_path": "XNF71N5C1hE_image_8691b025-a928-4c4b-91b0-15ff9ba33d9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1330", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PAS positive amyloid is also demonstrated.", "image_path": "uvlcvGmqx0g_image_65da9a4f-c258-4524-bbcd-d27a0048d961.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1331", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bone production is seen, leading to a differential diagnosis of osteoblastoma or osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1332", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign lesions have a fibrous, collagenous component while malignant ones have a mucinous stroma.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_e4ea7d47-d8f0-4aed-93c9-0bbb3eb33aae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1333", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Gamma-delta involves the dermis and can cause ulceration, while SPT-CL primarily involves the fat.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_072bc58d-00ec-41e7-b98b-60cc01338fe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1334", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of single tumor cells", "image_path": "Y3FlxCP_YZg_image_d91ca677-593f-459b-931d-bfde1e1fa80b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1335", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical leiomyoma-myoma is a variant with bizarre nuclear features.", "image_path": "1Vs0jiAb7UI_image_58f83784-d012-4fd8-b50d-62779f56a68e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1336", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells arising from the tendon and forming a nodule.", "image_path": "3pw1ClJBYs8_image_6d7a5f96-26c9-4a6a-a86a-c418eb659f4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1337", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of neoplastic cells with atypia, but less than in angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "GO0Mv9tHcjk_image_3a0813fb-8100-40b7-98bc-676107501a9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1338", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of eosinophils and lymphocytes in a blister is a classic example of bullous pemphigoid, which is the most common entity seen.", "image_path": "XrnUcH7flQc_image_321502df-8cb4-4f72-af9e-bb9aea25737a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1339", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1340", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanoma can be diagnosed with in situ evidence, morphology, and immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "xOQFgyRqkUE_image_c58ed169-0c77-4572-9570-9a86672121f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1341", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma annulare is characterized by interstitial histiocytes in the dermis without palisades.", "image_path": "vo8XKv71tf8_image_8de9133b-399a-4226-ab76-1db9b749b36d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1342", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Main differential diagnosis is peripheral fibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1343", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic activity alone is not a reliable indicator of malignancy.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_d2947829-c54b-450c-a346-35597745e600.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1344", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stains for spindle cell neoplasms will be negative for most markers except for SMA and factor 13A.", "image_path": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1345", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "BOOP (bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia) is a different entity from obliterative bronchiolitis.", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_62217dba-a1f5-4f50-8cef-6ca9265dfb2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1346", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a skin lesion with compact orthohyperkeratosis and acanthosis of the epidermis, central ulceration, and a dense and diffused infiltrate.", "image_path": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_687df138-53a0-4f79-9a74-0bfbccd9395b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1347", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cellularity is a helpful feature in diagnosis, with sparsely cellular specimens favoring radiation-induced changes.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_7a49322e-f966-4e00-9d9b-93df42b00e9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1348", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense cheloidal collagen underneath the mucosa may cause dysmotility.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_df1e5817-a80d-4471-8e1e-5c8ce50e2a1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1349", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1350", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large nests of cells with eosinophilic microcysts.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_8df2d9ac-a04b-4fec-9b0e-8a974359edfc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1351", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "History of therapy with IPI supports the diagnosis.", "image_path": "I341WDAGdgs_image_c3efeb2e-bdae-4071-8277-8a1677f534c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1352", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ulcerated lesion with undifferentiated basal cells, cytologic atypia, many mitoses, and clear cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and large nucleolus, resembling sebocytes.", "image_path": "rgpw6skbEh8_image_675e6a7c-a252-464b-91df-413a6416800f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1353", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hair follicle tumors may have mitotic figures due to the rapid proliferation of hair cells.", "image_path": "H3hLb1xj0Ew_image_e1071cc5-a420-4bc5-b92b-62496be248da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1354", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopic examination shows coagulation necrosis with retained cell shapes but lost nuclei.", "image_path": "2N30E728a50_image_eaaad534-3ac2-400b-b5b1-404f8d09c6a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1355", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_bb9eb819-58bb-443f-9456-77e316063b26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1356", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1357", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1358", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1359", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the epidermis, from the basal layer to the stratum corneum.", "image_path": "3ABjflMVDt4_image_806b005f-8c98-4edd-b696-89bb16ef1c94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1360", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tunica intima is lined by endothelium, and there is a thin tunica media composed of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells.", "image_path": "iuaTmmjmqyA_image_5e540173-97e2-41c9-9fdf-3278c5be2218.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1361", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possibility of spindle cell squamous carcinoma or spindle cell sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_01241936-5c81-4471-9512-2e9c449ee5e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1362", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glandular portion is surrounded by myoepithelium that squeezes it.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_6b10f780-b9f2-4d69-bcd3-abc8d015582f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1363", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 expression is often found in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors.", "image_path": "uAyORtxPlEo_image_4df97701-41c8-4761-9234-10f52c79cb2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1364", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of darker nuclei under the sarcoplasm and peripheral located nuclei, adipose tissue with peripheral located nuclei, lingual tonsils covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with lamina propria containing many lymphatic follicles with germinal centers.", "image_path": "HGuPRbeNXBc_image_78e3affc-8b13-4144-aaaf-3121f7447474.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1365", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Massive papillary dermal edema can be caused by various conditions, including bulls bug bite reaction, bullish allergic contact dermatitis, PMLE, and some poxvirus infections.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_94036942-c75f-465a-9366-48eb68c5a820.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1366", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PEComas are characterized by epithelioid cells that wrap around vessels.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_33216a6e-8945-4481-a928-82b630069ae1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1367", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of pilomatricoma, a sharply demarcated dermal tumor often surrounded by connective tissue capsule.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1368", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy specimen shows classic cartilage, with necrosis, neutrophilic mixed inflammatory infiltrate, giant cells, and vascular damage.", "image_path": "gzCRJB0KFiI_image_050fda37-8ed9-40cb-873a-7190a9817a2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1369", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has odontogenic features.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_b5a200ff-9a3e-4961-b1e0-fa6e874f2ca0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1370", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an interface change along the epidermis and elongated ridges, possibly indicating syphilis. There is a patchy band of lymphocytes.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_d4263b75-d329-4b34-83a4-bd8c395d18a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1371", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The reaction pattern seen in the biopsy is an exudative process or a spongiosis dermatitis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_96e4e0e8-989a-4ccf-9be3-1119eda19cb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1372", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of pigmented neurofibroma with pigmented cells that are tadpole shaped, dendritic or spindled with brown pigment.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1373", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis can be caused by drugs like chemo, especially cytarabine and 5-FU.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1374", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Background stasis type change can lead to the discussed process.", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_8d1f317c-2c54-46df-aaac-3be22bbb4639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1375", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells with a large nucleus and irregular chromatin appearance are primary spermatocytes.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_8d029b2f-866a-4c9c-873b-009fa560626b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1376", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Medullary carcinoma identified in the colon.", "image_path": "GUsrQFV-YoE_image_1541f9a4-e08e-4f01-9cc1-0a612750912f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1377", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The example shown is a well-differentiated, low-grade angiosarcoma with staghorn morphology.", "image_path": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_6eed49bd-c9e5-4ef0-b9ab-983c7d4264f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1378", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Interstitial hemorrhage is seen in the medulla.", "image_path": "Yqz1tXU0-Mk_image_368db1f9-e47b-411d-9799-00b3c747975f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1379", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy was taken from the superficial to deep part of the fat.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_e003f1dc-59c6-4d24-ab67-1507888292be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1380", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "IAPP islet amyloid polypeptide is secreted by beta cells.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1381", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the structure and function of lymph nodes, including the flow of lymph through the sinus system and the role of reticular fibers and cells in maintaining it.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_40d35a64-c5c2-466d-b96a-4b1a52760d99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1382", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DCIS may be mixed with invasive carcinoma and should be mentioned on resections.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_8d1b3284-0ef7-4c39-b9cb-7b39169bcebe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1383", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Symmetry, maturation, lack of pagetoid spread, and lack of deep mitoses are important signs.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_68bddbad-f9db-499f-824c-ee796bf04e23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1384", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of myofibroblasts and vascular component in a lesion that resembles a combination of myofibroma and myopericytoma.", "image_path": "n9Vy08KuN5w_image_f9328007-f891-4c90-a0ed-e43d0ff73538.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1385", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Uniform findings in SRIF and fibrotic NSIP.", "image_path": "SieQmjY2Alk_image_e02b54d9-8660-4adf-8a7c-e7e06b586845.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1386", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of eosinophilic cytoplasm corresponds with a higher nucleolar grade in certain areas.", "image_path": "axFN1Ogi-pM_image_43e3daaa-8c59-42c7-8501-89a5bae8ef82.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1387", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pinkish to purple rim on low power color and basophilic staining population on the outside is consistent with a sebaceous adenoma.", "image_path": "0HO7ZewGw28_image_534d4c8d-a73c-4424-bdbe-5de8a49c5389.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1388", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DAD (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) can occur in the setting of foreign material.", "image_path": "LRSDSw7JCMc_image_4cad4fde-51ee-4b09-b789-4536f4e19279.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1389", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a pleomorphic adenoma, which is the most common tumor and characterized by a myxoid stroma, duct, and myoepithelial cells.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_ccc31ea2-21cf-4c35-9730-27365833d2c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1390", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ziehl-Neelsen stain can be used to identify acid-fast bacilli in the area.", "image_path": "l7sk00AOfb0_image_53128e37-2d0d-41b1-a979-08169ca5fd70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1391", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of rhabdomyosarcoma, including eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm pulled off from the nucleus and positive staining for desmin, myogenin, and myoD1.", "image_path": "X1WBZCVUYjY_image_1e2c70e5-52c6-40cc-9b0e-6e69477cbd4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1392", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chunks with a greenish yellow hue and shades of bilirubin and biliverdin suggest an iron pigment, possibly hemosiderin.", "image_path": "TQi0ey23-bM_image_0e062677-88d9-4757-81bf-e22297b8e21e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1393", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ovarian tissue is diffusely infiltrated by mucin-secreting signet ring cells with marked desmoplastic reaction, indicating Kurkenberg tumor, a metastatic carcinoma.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1394", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of collagen trapping and hemocyanin in the vascular space in dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "fgOUc_NkzXI_image_34878120-b831-452e-93ea-a47a2219a7af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1395", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of mantle zone can recapitulate the entire mini hair follicle and give outer root sheath and infundibulum.", "image_path": "ACf82F7avdo_image_4bf99cc2-3dd2-4c5b-9bb8-a4bb467dc95a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1396", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The colon has a Meissner's plexus or submucosal plexus of neurons.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_394cc57a-238f-4341-b287-e27b4e3fc833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1397", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trauma to the nevus resulting in serum crust and parakeratosis.", "image_path": "8UH0oA3mFRM_image_2bc56c7d-bd9a-412c-8c15-60766cc6fe68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1398", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma pattern in cytology with nesting and clumped pattern of melanocytes, which can aid in diagnosis.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_fead79ec-245d-41e9-a82b-07935f312549.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1399", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1400", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the histopathology of a tumor with papillae and a hyaline papillary sclerotic core, similar to clear cell carcinomas of the ovary or endometrium.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_ab9fdf95-8b00-445d-b265-c090ae19b97e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1401", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of red blood cells, erythrocytes, and fragmented platelets in the background.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_3eec72f3-3f78-44b8-b990-18fe35d0bd9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1402", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor appearing in deeper level of core needle biopsy than previously seen.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1403", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of desmoplastic stroma and infiltrative nests in the parotid gland.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_8df2d9ac-a04b-4fec-9b0e-8a974359edfc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1404", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker notes that infarct-like necrosis in the lung may indicate the need to examine pulmonary arteries.", "image_path": "mA9tPgm8-f8_image_0caf582a-cf67-4611-8d57-6d4345749edd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1405", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has clinical presentation of graft versus host disease with hair follicle involvement.", "image_path": "5kRb2j_RogQ_image_dd6e9468-00e3-4ffb-b27d-86f2d683b392.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1406", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiosis and reactive change are present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_05d3fe5f-1cc5-4ceb-8b07-c8fb1032ba11.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1407", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fenestrated blood vessels and nuclei of pituitary sites are visible in the neurohypophysis.", "image_path": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1408", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Papillary dermal edema and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate of lymphocytes in the underlying dermis.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_875665df-1fbc-4be6-922d-38597a000308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1409", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The image shows a transition to a higher-grade oligodendroglioma, with a densely cellular tumor that can mimic lymphomas.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_e20181ea-f451-463a-a989-38a2050bc2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1410", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The basal cell layer has a high rate of mitotic activity to regenerate upper epithelial layers.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_9a6bca9b-1746-4785-8578-243d8f024ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1411", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregularities in the nests, such as irregular shape and size, are not commonly seen in benign spitz nevi.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1412", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Well-developed pigmentation present within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is a feature that helps to identify a benign lesion.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1413", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a prominent granulomatous infiltrate surrounding the baby fat.", "image_path": "kgHpCSmpjZg_image_4055f8e9-f909-489b-bc05-a9c77ea025cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1414", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of immune deposits in the nephrectomy specimen is suspicious for a glomerulopathy or glomerulonephritis, possibly IGA nephropathy.", "image_path": "Blyb-E885eg_image_d7b9f068-e61e-49ac-860f-a33657e1973b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1415", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Grenzone is a space of normal dermis between a dermal lesion and overlying epidermis.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_0acf4c6c-c669-45e9-9906-1a94ed357391.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1416", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of nevus and proliferative nodule, with the latter forming bone and having metaplastic osteoid.", "image_path": "mU8Bz3dTZNg_image_b9dfd613-729a-4bf8-8b62-d36eea97fe2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1417", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is positive for mammaglobin and gross cystic disease acid protein.", "image_path": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_05437bd8-4012-4796-a28c-ebd56a637de5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1418", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endometriotic cysts or chocolate cysts can be seen in ovaries or scars, known as scar endometriosis.", "image_path": "BRCEXbva7Mo_image_b62f9972-e8b1-4723-b53a-6a6e04721ecf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1419", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In other areas, the tumor may have a myxoid appearance and slate gray architecture.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_1a05e8a4-3a56-41b7-adce-e91be6419bc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1420", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subcutaneous nodules of cellular DF on the face are well-described and have been seen multiple times.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_90552498-3165-446b-b256-d6ae0490ddee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1421", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bone core biopsy showing necrosis and small, round cells with high NC ratios.", "image_path": "VOqk__izado_image_90775d30-1561-4f7c-b761-a92be7561586.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1422", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The differential diagnosis includes synovial sarcoma and translocation-associated sarcomas.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_fef13514-e44d-4c2e-b65b-ae12df6dc131.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1423", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse neurofibroma can intermingle with fat and cause significant morbidity when large, but is not an aggressive rapidly growing tumor like DFSP.", "image_path": "6CD4YGD9plM_image_a9f461c5-f5ad-424e-b49a-133ee1bee16b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1424", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nests of epithelial cells are present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1425", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Milia cysts are a type of epidermoid cyst with epidermal keratinization.", "image_path": "oCSKyG7vERk_image_b3f3fc96-2377-4f64-a781-e718cccc491b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1426", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive margin may indicate a likely source for recurrence.", "image_path": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_ea6e7d65-22ec-474f-8b87-1f79a5483e21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1427", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphea and Lichen Sclerosis (LS) can occur together, with reticular dermis involvement indicating morphea and papillary dermis involvement indicating LS.", "image_path": "FRc68vRHiqY_image_910324ae-6700-47c3-8baf-360b0518a664.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Lichen striatus']", "id": "train_1428", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metaplasia is the change from one type of tissue to another, such as squamous metaplasia of the bronchi.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_d478c7fd-2c41-43b4-b21a-d403d3d08fca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1429", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Micro-necrosis foci are typical in meningioma, characterized by pycnotic small nuclei falling apart and scattered throughout the tumor.", "image_path": "GeEkizDf2H0_image_b2308c59-da62-4f77-ab97-634888525aaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1430", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal lymphocytic thyroiditis is a milder form of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, characterized by inflammation in a specific region of the thyroid gland.", "image_path": "_j4_u4XSKmY_image_9f6a307e-d025-4074-ba0d-fdbecf34b938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1431", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1432", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In SPTCL, neoplastic cells are usually CD8 positive and CD68 should highlight these cells.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_56e91a01-c867-4a6c-9dd4-7e768af3f0f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1433", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hypercellular fascicles with mitotic activity are concerning for transformation.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_d6ce53ab-3831-4010-82fd-7ef55c456f35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1434", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cytology suggests a desmoplastic melanoma, which can be easily mistaken for scar tissue.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_c24a2fb6-41bf-4642-9aea-73e06f6f69e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1435", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Late stages may not show inflammatory infiltrates, only parakeratosis and keratinocytes with keratotic changes.", "image_path": "mHznwJevQJk_image_50796194-1677-43c5-9d80-11a26ce6d101.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1436", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is expansion of the lobule stroma and proliferation of ducts and acini.", "image_path": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_50a05ee7-c598-4896-91c1-d282973cd11b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1437", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1438", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible clear cell variant or lipid steatotic tumor, but hepatocytes are not enlarged or variable, suggesting glycogen-rich normal liver.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_76494a49-5e02-4c9b-8a54-23f6ae4ac3d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1439", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of thin cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and tall cells with good arrangement of nuclei.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_274fdc5c-c784-421f-b8b1-607ec4ca00b3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1440", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subtle changes in treated endometria can indicate residual hyperplasia or carcinoma, requiring a high index of suspicion and examination of multiple levels.", "image_path": "FT-7_d5owFU_image_0f7e50fb-6e35-47e1-8809-bf91f460eb7a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1441", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of germinal center and lymphoid hyperplasia in the biopsy.", "image_path": "XM6FpyV2s88_image_8d3071d2-9b95-41d6-ac89-962e3d6221e0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Connective tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1442", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_80ed2e02-02e1-4111-8132-a7e4e48d1f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1443", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recognition of dying keratinocytes and vacuoles is important in diagnosing interface dermatitis.", "image_path": "aq4wK_g5hJE_image_8259692f-90a8-4ab4-8cc9-80c79c8a6697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1444", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in the gallbladder wall can be mistaken for adenomyosis.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_20485e42-53e9-4679-a59d-ca3fb35947db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1445", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the papillary dermis containing collagen, elastin, and blood vessels.", "image_path": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_d623930c-5310-4f36-831b-0adfd1780149.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1446", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Specifically, the epithelium is described as simple columnar with goblet cells and secretory cells with a brush border.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1447", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "NR4A3 is a new marker identified in acinic cell carcinoma and is strongly positive.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_463d6ee3-11b9-4c73-9de3-988999b03f2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1448", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is hyperplasia and CIV-like changes in one area, but benign ducts and glands in another.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_c57f9520-3278-49a3-a5fd-3ed117ecc430.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1449", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mutations associated with endometrial carcinoma include PTEN, PIK3CA, and P53.", "image_path": "1Vs0jiAb7UI_image_363bd3d0-f019-4890-8abb-490816b9c4e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1450", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibrillary tangles are the best correlate for the severity of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.", "image_path": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1451", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The brush border is not shown in this section.", "image_path": "EchGRGULuS8_image_59638bfd-972c-4d5f-83d8-af621c7ec4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1452", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows a halo nevus, which is characterized by melanocytes and lymphocytes scattered together.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_ad943c4c-cdb0-46f2-ab55-384f3ff26ab9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1453", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Olfactory neuroblastoma can sometimes be mistaken for poorly differentiated, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma on superficial biopsy.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_31d09e92-2fbb-423f-b108-19ec539ef78c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1454", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic interface inflammatory pattern.", "image_path": "B8kV2zEtIw0_image_dd153feb-8ee6-485f-8b59-ebd74fedbc90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1455", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In immunocompromised patients with HIV, the lesions can become very large and simulate other neoplasms.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_9c67af19-b86f-4325-adf8-6bd5e59ec53f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1456", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peritubular capillaritis and interstitial edema are also observed, which may indicate antibody-mediated rejection.", "image_path": "KXg_deDgMTI_image_a15176dd-dd1a-445a-9e94-9d0827049fda.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1457", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a minor salivary gland in the tissue sample.", "image_path": "jB2T8Ezcc3k_image_5dbac654-5c6d-4721-b4eb-6ef37b2a247b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1458", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thrombus formation is associated with abnormalities in the lumen of the artery, including endothelial injury, turbulence or abnormal blood flow, and hypercoagulable state.", "image_path": "uWRK08fvc2c_image_1c05bd2a-2304-4715-b9af-bd2ebca6f3ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1459", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vertical cut through the hepatic cord showing elongated hepatic cords or plates of hepatocytes arranged around the central vein and separated by sinusoids.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_2df004ec-9b43-411b-aee9-890984fbd2ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1460", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes angioleiomyoma, dermatofibromas, and neurofibromas.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_ce929492-b9a4-4f7b-a57b-e6beed363915.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1461", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a starry sky appearance and contains malignant lymphoid cells with heterochromatin, high mitotic activity, and prominent nuclei.", "image_path": "vseleAkfH-s_image_9de33060-c45d-4062-ad91-2acef993a610.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1462", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of scattered apoptotic keratinocytes mostly restricted to the basal layer of the epidermis", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1463", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a benign angiofibroma or fibrous papule.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1464", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiform change with vacuolization seen in some cells in the neuro pill and cell body of neurons, which is a classical pathognomonic feature of prion diseases.", "image_path": "uvlcvGmqx0g_image_65da9a4f-c258-4524-bbcd-d27a0048d961.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1465", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 marker can be useful for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.", "image_path": "pdngAhYt8sg_image_f52e8fec-9323-4de2-9d4e-e57626adc6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1466", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential expression seen with CK pan and GFAP highlighting the myoepithelial basal zone.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_6cde286d-ec23-4e40-a007-df9780387087.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1467", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows an inflammatory process with extensive hemorrhagic crusting, petechiae, and stasis erythrocytes.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_603ec566-bb4b-4c60-b478-a295205cb81d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1468", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue sample appears to be a low-grade salivary gland neoplasm, with some duct-like structures and mostly corded myoepithelial cells.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_bb9eb819-58bb-443f-9456-77e316063b26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1469", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of histopathological features that can point towards lupus, including basement membrane thickening, follicular plugging, and mucin in the dermis.", "image_path": "s53QHWJtDzU_image_7417afc0-cab7-4b85-8beb-fc1688883a13.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1470", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MDM2 fish is recommended for large tumors that resemble lipomas.", "image_path": "UDtMreyQ9xc_image_6997add8-3fc8-45c1-80e9-0f993fb52ade.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1471", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of stromal nodular hyperplasia with a distinct vascular pattern and thick-walled hyalinized vessels scattered throughout the nodule.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1472", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Two types of cells in the parenchyma: acinar cells and myoepithelial cells (also called basket cells).", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1473", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in this area may be forming pseudoglandular spaces and have central vessels.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_514ac373-6ef7-45b6-9e8f-d36e812ea96a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1474", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of fibrinoid necrosis in a specific area.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_d9673263-da15-4c74-982b-d43a2fb44a84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1475", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is a marker that stains vascular tumors, many fibroblastic tumors, and some fatty tumors. It is most helpful when it is totally negative or strongly positive in tumors like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The tumor cells in this case are diffusely CD34 positive, with focal pancytokeratin.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_250dad28-534e-4469-b88a-a0c969ed1517.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1476", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with a ragged and lobulated surface, cellular and nested with an epithelial configuration and areas of necrosis.", "image_path": "A2ibNV6qcso_image_b9eacbf5-2853-4921-be65-4be8ec1f7af2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1477", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a submucosa present which is looser and very vascular.", "image_path": "Mv1kzW5u6-g_image_3bedb783-eef5-4230-a638-5217cf2866ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1478", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells have abundant cytoplasm with vacuoles and evidence of cell discohesion.", "image_path": "eFw2LIHu6pA_image_3e4c9522-d17a-4597-8e85-02cdaed47f2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1479", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1480", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous well-differentiated sebocytes are seen in most of the lobule.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_99df21ff-9cea-414a-b816-fe941d2f5046.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1481", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanoma is present throughout the tissue.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1482", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_bd3975cc-8d2a-43c5-8d56-669034e955b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1483", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear molding and variability.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_4ad23149-c128-4e15-8ea2-4a24d4827dab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1484", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of dense, regular type of connective tissue with fibroblast nuclei lining up and separating collagen fibers and bundles.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_a2e3ccda-68c5-4036-bc23-151e2ba2c3fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1485", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened material in the basement membrane due to immune deposits, resulting in diffuse thickening between capillaries in the glomerulus.", "image_path": "Tw07BFaDEo0_image_4da7dc68-6698-4947-ab12-5c2b823421a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1486", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endocervical component contains endocervical glands.", "image_path": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1487", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Periosteum is formed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner more cellular layer with stem cells that can differentiate under stimuli.", "image_path": "UlZdo4LhxmI_image_e13b77d0-02cb-42fb-881e-bfb1f39134aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1488", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Different cells in the seminiferous tubules can be identified, including myoid cells, Sertoli cells, and germ cells.", "image_path": "ZF43iBtWF88_image_e5f5c7b8-c05a-455b-a39e-b403745a3f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1489", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands in adenosis are small, round, and closely packed together with little intervening stroma.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_30fe77f2-bfd9-44f0-8de7-eae2598fa0b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1490", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change.", "image_path": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1491", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These clear cells are arranged in small solid nests encircled by small capillaries.", "image_path": "EDnOL5ABI5U_image_a57c67ec-6363-40ce-93f9-a0a3cbcb8e5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1492", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hypercellularity and MPGN pattern.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_4703531b-4fe5-4acd-8a18-9cbb1e78646c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1493", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hair follicle tumors may have mitotic figures due to the rapid proliferation of hair cells.", "image_path": "H3hLb1xj0Ew_image_e1071cc5-a420-4bc5-b92b-62496be248da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1494", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High-grade nuclear atypia or necrosis may be present.", "image_path": "gx0I18ly6qA_image_75547089-7221-439e-a279-fb0b54be409a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1495", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion in the anal genital region may be HPV-driven squamous cell carcinoma in situ or high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_08c8b01f-a7e7-4f3e-ad7b-2ffa5ec08796.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1496", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulomas with patch or plaque stage MF features may have histiocytes fighting off mycosis fungoides. Non-nodular infiltrate and absence of nuclear dust and neutrophils.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_5baec7d9-dbf5-4811-bf1d-38ef879f7169.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1497", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The medulla is located centrally and is made up of denser connective tissue than the cortex and contains no follicles.", "image_path": "-j0MTolqKh8_image_26617b16-b16e-40f4-8b90-2d8132095cc3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1498", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of vacuolar change and necrotic keratinocytes in a biopsy specimen.", "image_path": "W7mjj8jIhuM_image_5d2c95d0-d9e0-424b-bbd8-4249196f4a01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1499", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Evidence of acute tubular injury was seen in focal areas.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ad476523-718e-42f6-958a-aa05e448ea21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1500", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst is likely chronic and fibrotic.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_53fb0914-e98b-4b79-9cb4-42ad9383af7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1501", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a nodular appearance with a defined boundary, but some parts extend beyond this boundary.", "image_path": "RG94WnNb0wI_image_b66a23f9-9394-4cdc-acd5-92a058233219.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1502", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The wall structure of the large intestine is similar to that of the small intestine, but there are some differences, such as the absence of permanent folds and villi.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_285e8b67-ce00-41c0-ac8c-81f1aa180529.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1503", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma of infiltrative basal cells is different from other pilomatricomas, with more fibroblast-rich and bluish muciny mixed in.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_863a743f-73ea-427d-a01e-dc665e26101d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1504", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is myxofibrosarcoma, with hyperchromatic atypical cells infiltrating into the subcutis or dermis.", "image_path": "X_mW9GAT5do_image_fd33f9a7-2aee-4028-955a-6d5ed7e5526b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1505", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratoacanthoma is now viewed as a cosmetic entity and is often diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma keratoacanthoma type.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_fdc18df3-70fc-4a65-bd2f-50ce42a0ba24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1506", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In some cases, viral cytopathic changes may be absent and replaced by gliosis and calcification of the brain, which can mimic other conditions like periventricular leukomalacia or hypoxic ischemic injury.", "image_path": "i7VZAr65r6g_image_bf8b57d0-71ab-4fa7-897c-748306d2a852.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1507", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid cells with mitoses and tumor necrosis can simulate a palisaded granuloma inflammation.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_4d503b45-3f00-4743-b93c-ca1a67c4f780.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1508", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Borderline architecture in an ovarian neoplasm, especially serous and seromucinous neoplasms.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_c5549fc2-9695-421a-8f00-c13ac773f604.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "train_1509", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy specimen is from the trunk and shows large nodular accumulations of cells extending from the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_670ff0fe-20dc-46c7-8a0a-c91e0ecc22ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1510", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor often has a mucinous or myxoid appearance and large, overlapping nuclei, resembling papillary thyroid carcinoma.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_1a05e8a4-3a56-41b7-adce-e91be6419bc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1511", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Maxillary sinus mass diagnosed as ameloblastoma.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_2d5468f7-7d3a-4f9e-ba71-8ac92ef4a250.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1512", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Circular structures are lined by simple squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_b9a1aa9a-8703-4d45-8eb9-826b01c3befb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1513", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of osteoarthritis, which involves thinning, loss, and irregularity of the surface hyaline cartilage, compression or sclerosis of underlying bone, and the presence of subchondral cysts.", "image_path": "BXgLDoUj_VQ_image_56dc9410-b592-4a28-9a24-93464211a8c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1514", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section shows relaxed transitional epithelium with dome-shaped surface cells, also known as umbrella cells.", "image_path": "P22orrXhWNo_image_5eec4162-40f5-4785-9a36-2c9d480bafcf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Renal', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1515", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid and epithelial cells are bulging into the lumen of a well-formed blood vessel.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1516", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marked hyperchromasia and changes in polarity are seen, which cannot be forgiven and cannot be assigned as reactive changes.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_69792953-8f6d-48e9-8a92-ea1b1d59d999.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1517", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation is seen in the subcutis, mostly in the septum.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_79eb2714-9369-4729-abc0-717f6968c752.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1518", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_f505c200-1025-46d5-a6be-528c4448e1d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1519", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics.", "image_path": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1520", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is an atrophic form of dermatofibroma with reduced spindle cells and increased collagen.", "image_path": "0Ez02wBaXlw_image_fa2a3496-1bdd-4c87-8e67-d94bc879d014.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1521", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of an artery, including smooth muscle cells, external elastic lamina, and adventitia.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_cc007622-5ebd-40d0-a2f0-4e3a261fd633.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1522", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiosis and reactive change are present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_05d3fe5f-1cc5-4ceb-8b07-c8fb1032ba11.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1523", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of multiple cornoid lamellae is indicative of porokeratosis, possibly the ticotrophic type.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_563eecc4-ad37-442b-91b8-a78f4218d3cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1524", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epididymis is a crescent-shaped organ adjacent to the surface of the testis and is composed of several convolutions of the duct.", "image_path": "mQKXcXx05uY_image_b32877ba-cd87-4a55-9341-44d2a4ee3725.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1525", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has islands of dermis in between the interconnected strands of epithelial cells.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_9bde37f9-1249-4d07-a269-7c142eeeb908.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1526", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The detrusor muscle is located underneath the mucosa.", "image_path": "xNv8VFoNM_U_image_e21d7fac-7bc9-4d43-bcb9-5557b919ca9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1527", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Red pulp is associated with the venous system and venous return from the spleen.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_7e3337a9-f37c-4159-8c3d-ed45482f429f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1528", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrosis was observed, but no tumor was found.", "image_path": "qz51pvzw4fQ_image_0a13fa2b-bfd4-43dd-9525-d15ec098d3a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1529", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inability to get good gas exchange due to fluid filling up large areas of the lung, causing pulmonary edema.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1530", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal acute tubular necrosis could explain the clinical impression of acute kidney injury.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ad476523-718e-42f6-958a-aa05e448ea21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1531", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerosing hyaline necrosis is a feature of alcoholic status, characterized by obliteration of a terminal hepatic venule due to dense fibrosis and surrounded by ballooned hepatocytes with Mallory hyaline.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_1b60e80c-0fdc-469d-b5f2-ba4ae16481e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1532", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Slightly increased numbers of basal cells.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1533", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A stage preceding bullous pemphigoid involves subepidermal blisters with separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis and a dense inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils in the dermis and epidermis.", "image_path": "1H80iJfl654_image_2b1179d1-acfd-4242-abf2-1dbba9e786ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1534", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a nerve bundle with Schwann cells and perineural cells surrounding it.", "image_path": "ZVlX4tCsyOc_image_3251f068-d7e0-46a0-aadd-a4ad7708e62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1535", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Churg-Strauss can present as LCV with necrosis of vessels, flame cells with granuloma formation, or true eosinophilic vasculitis.", "image_path": "EpnODoPHNiI_image_854b85b1-4ccf-426d-b670-871c79d71fa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1536", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the media layer of smooth muscle cells in a venous wall.", "image_path": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_9675f5d5-627e-44d0-a9d3-4f243fe6624a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1537", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Whipple's disease and MAC can both cause foamy histiocytes in the lamina propria of the small intestine.", "image_path": "aLZCGwZH8TU_image_4266d4f5-a445-4d78-ac36-3ab27943d657.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1538", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibromas have many axons associated with the lesion when tested for neurofilament protein, while only a few cases of scattered intralesional axons were found in Hornick's report.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_090933fc-ce22-4454-9440-76dd8d15735b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1539", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Horn pseudocysts are a feature of seborrheic keratosis.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_f75cf339-85f5-4b89-a196-ee67de25fa89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1540", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plasma cells around vessels and a lichenoid band, especially without dying keratinocytes, are suggestive of syphilis.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_06b2a172-ffed-416d-83b7-e1586d10fc20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1541", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxofibrosarcomas are often misdiagnosed clinically as cyst or lipoma.", "image_path": "aH4arK8q_T0_image_314b3aee-2c45-40fc-a806-b9125d72775c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1542", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcifications are present in less than half of all tumor types, but are visible in this case.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_fd213fb4-a038-4936-b89b-c9001ca4e244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1543", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ill-defined intermingling layers of the smooth muscle in the bladder wall are collectively known as detrusor muscle.", "image_path": "pMtmlZ37r7M_image_678d6ad7-06c6-490e-984d-a88e8d6cf773.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1544", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Elastic tissue is found in the tunica media of veins, with the internal elastic lamina being a distinct feature.", "image_path": "D0It2mdZkHE_image_6b05b697-3518-4cdd-bed4-78ae551a2056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1545", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mucin in the tissue section, indicating systemic lupus erythematosus.", "image_path": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_74634f95-461b-4bb5-a43c-1767aa542f05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1546", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1547", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes are S100 positive, but not the only S100 positive cell in the epidermis.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_7a93a207-01ec-479b-9ed8-766f47c86a0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1548", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An atypical sebaceous neoplasm may be favored if the specimen is transected.", "image_path": "0HO7ZewGw28_image_ce944715-c8a9-418f-8126-55985a1bd7cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1549", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of skeletal muscle in the dermis is indicative of being on or near the face, neck, or scalp.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_30ade683-6535-4398-9c3d-84e5d43b0807.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1550", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of glands in white spaces is indicative of adenocarcinoma, such as gastric adenocarcinoma intestinal type or diffuse signet ring cell type.", "image_path": "6FUh-AvKxz4_image_980b4a7c-9e75-4819-bb9a-a2d34de05e5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1551", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade dysplasia is present.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_f5233438-2ef3-4dd7-8416-19c652738ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1552", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presentation is classic for tumor epithelioid sarcoma like hemangioendothelioma.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_796c00f6-3e96-42ac-8a35-76ff4551a482.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1553", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid osteoblasts are remarkably uniform in osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1554", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cell tumors that are strongly and diffusely positive for S100 or SOX10 are unlikely to be MPNST.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_3f3f756c-0c52-41e4-8b1d-e9803f19f8ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1555", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible confusion between glomus tumor and skin adnexal tumor due to nested appearance and myxoid background.", "image_path": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_c9fdeb20-df16-4410-bbb5-c2e7a9413510.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1556", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The breast epithelium is of apocrine nature rather than eccrine type glandular epithelium.", "image_path": "wZY_ksquLFM_image_6967d981-8697-4ad4-a240-08da5ee622c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1557", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of DFSP, a tumor that replaces subcutis with spindle cells and islands of fat.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_381d3d9c-0dd2-4778-9cba-59d32ed31efc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1558", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 positive dendritic cells may be present in the background of neurofibromas.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_58909be3-2367-4266-ad32-2d2adde93b25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1559", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cutaneous sarcomas are locally aggressive but have a low incidence of metastasis.", "image_path": "iCFdKD-pNpE_image_4db6f3a7-21da-4cd0-8ee0-61a430716ebd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1560", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant counterpart of this entity.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_3598b730-342f-4b84-a655-bf740a866add.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_1561", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion appears to have basilar vacuole degeneration and decreased melanocytes, possibly explaining its white appearance.", "image_path": "3TaAeTByK3M_image_2300d7ea-e676-4eb9-8259-0f09da1c1eed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1562", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole and secrete renin.", "image_path": "0t1jNBI1jao_image_2f842f1e-97ff-4a75-b796-b02d389aff83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1563", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Compliment deposition is seen in both the muscle fiber membranes and endometrial capillaries in immune mediated necrotizing myopathy.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_7cea38f2-d38e-4b84-9f26-cb5d244d41ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1564", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells in zone 1 of the liver lobule are closest to the distributing vessels and receive nutrients, oxygen, and toxins from sinusoidal blood.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_eb57b79d-80e3-4121-b2c4-5261c6c6f4dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1565", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of parathyroid follicular cells and their location adjacent to thyroid follicles.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_4d98a492-1786-4038-bd01-87d5fa475b1d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1566", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The spindle cells have pink collagen in the background.", "image_path": "oNdYlB4vkFc_image_94ae44c7-ee6b-4588-8620-9615be4fd656.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1567", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudolymphoma and lymphocytoma cutis are differential diagnoses that can be ruled out.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1568", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1569", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1570", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened collagen in the dermis is identified as another Morphea scleroderma-like process.", "image_path": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_586dec22-a9db-4ea6-bd4d-ebb005c89e8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1571", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Toxic granulation or critical green granules are an ominous finding seen in patients with liver failure", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_8c28e825-5f45-44f2-bbc3-4a87754f933b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1572", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostain may be needed for diagnosis if the sample size is small or if the tumor is purely spindle-shaped.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_0f560ae2-2644-47dd-b997-0d746a651a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1573", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lungs are severely hyperexpanded, which is a typical autopsy finding in severe asthma.", "image_path": "y8qGxzce05o_image_a8744639-b2c4-4e76-b3f8-e86727cf8d5c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1574", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hair in telogen phase is close to the stem cell region in the bulge.", "image_path": "ss0DwWugylg_image_86394cf8-5e19-41e4-a227-df731e84c495.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1575", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal ulceration with inflamed hyperkeratotic serum crust and fibrosis, indicative of post-procedural or post-biopsy-related reactive or healing skin change. Nodular aggregates of varying size throughout the dermis.", "image_path": "XRGxv0sCuvA_image_57d02ae8-3954-458c-b3ba-3b4a75a53f9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1576", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An intact cuboidal lining is present within the middle ear.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_19245cb0-0172-40e8-b0f3-565a0025f6f7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1577", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bulbous irregular aggregations of keratinocytes with atypia in a crateriform squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_fdc18df3-70fc-4a65-bd2f-50ce42a0ba24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1578", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceoma is on a spectrum of sebaceous adenoma and both have the potential to be associated with Muir-Torre syndrome.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_ac6f6e0b-5583-495a-9fb3-a4e24ec8778d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1579", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endocervical component contains endocervical glands.", "image_path": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1580", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are no necrotic keratinocytes overlying the blister.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_252abc7c-7bc0-44fa-9d6b-3d49d547decb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1581", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of classic lichen planopilaris, which primarily affects the infundibulum and causes scarring in a wedge-shaped area with loss of elastic staining and clumping and retraction of elastin.", "image_path": "ktiL59R70BQ_image_7d142f97-b7f9-41b6-b8ad-26dcd11c102a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1582", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Finding pigment in cracks and amyloid next to the epidermis is key to recognizing cutaneous amyloidosis.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_760c5683-7930-4040-972a-075c7742c446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1583", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of lichenoid drug eruption and its histopathological features.", "image_path": "W7mjj8jIhuM_image_5d2c95d0-d9e0-424b-bbd8-4249196f4a01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1584", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The composition of the muscle tissue in the tunica muscularis can help determine the location of the section being examined.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_98dfe49f-52e8-4944-a7c7-60e326102d5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1585", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Red blood cells that appear fragmented and broken within the mesangium.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_ff8af70b-48bf-480f-b229-50dae7bb7f24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1586", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A biopsy was performed, revealing epidermal acanthosis and thickening on the outside, likely due to reactive change and the background nevus sebaceous.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1587", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No ganglion cells are seen in the examined sample.", "image_path": "HJm7rn2XW_4_image_8c892133-0540-420d-8fc5-89ea02ebc770.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1588", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Septal and lobular patterns of inflammation are looked for.", "image_path": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_8fd32512-8cc3-4b8d-ad64-0b8904a707a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1589", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pigmented macrophages, likely due to smoking.", "image_path": "SnTbrq_wfnc_image_cc8542f9-be57-4ed6-9a1c-d03276fc0d89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1590", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Up to 10-14% of the glomerulus is globally sclerosed.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_4ae2b2e5-5912-48ad-83b9-313025febd40.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1591", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The inner layer is composed of cytotrophoblast and the outer layer is composed of syncytiotrophoblast, or fused cells with multiple nuclei.", "image_path": "X5S7nxrH0rE_image_366913ee-05f0-436b-b39b-35acd0edacbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1592", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is a punch or excisional biopsy that goes all the way down to the fat, providing information on the size and depth of the lesion.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_4e7d1dcf-dc93-42f8-a814-b74c2d11a9a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1593", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinically, granuloma annulare often presents as annular lesions or papules.", "image_path": "CFqFsa6Fvbs_image_ee72d2d5-96a4-4e78-bbca-270d6dd1b685.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1594", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Complex branching papillae can be found in the tumor.", "image_path": "yUamjxNd7Zw_image_b73f2902-f43a-4d6c-88e4-5b6e7a9ba420.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1595", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The thickness of the cambium layer and degree of cellularity seen in a rib of a 50-year-old is abnormal and suggests a need for more osteoblasts.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_37547f68-0274-4c73-b1d2-3718d8cdada6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1596", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor is likely moderately differentiated with relatively uniform mildly pleomorphic nuclei and quite a few mitoses.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_ed6cc2f0-1acc-4086-a5cd-15fce8b85977.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1597", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of chromatin margination and ground glass appearance in nuclei.", "image_path": "YBZTzTLgAIU_image_1c0a9a45-91dc-4be8-a47b-7029ecf5fe90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1598", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Barrett’s esophagus with goblet cells.", "image_path": "Eh4_b_O7tMQ_image_b25bb75c-dd62-42dc-a335-d59030c0cd5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1599", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In this case, the adenocarcinoma is coming from the pancreas.", "image_path": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1600", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is digital papillary adenocarcinoma, which is a relatively rare entity that may not look malignant and is cytologically bland.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_a476f0b5-85cb-4986-af30-e53175f04853.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1601", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The macula densa is a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, along with juxtaglomerular cells.", "image_path": "0t1jNBI1jao_image_2f842f1e-97ff-4a75-b796-b02d389aff83.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1602", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial and mid dermis are involved, with a superficial perivascular infiltrate.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_b255d2cc-c012-44b1-a256-3df979def472.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1603", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction.", "image_path": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1604", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case involves a high-grade tumor transformation with areas of background acinic differentiation.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_463d6ee3-11b9-4c73-9de3-988999b03f2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1605", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the sample.", "image_path": "lutlNGVXViU_image_700c79ba-bb59-43b9-9a1c-cd331f1b8a9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1606", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deep saucerization biopsy was performed.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_eedb505e-19ca-404e-8678-d30dfa0cec2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1607", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle-shaped cells with vesicular architecture.", "image_path": "D5pzStfqRa8_image_1fbf3e0d-cdd3-4a11-bc9a-c1fb9855c1cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1608", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive for iron based on HALE colloidal iron test.", "image_path": "e-tVDfAl5Ac_image_b6cc7318-398a-48ce-a8c2-3ac670a93e04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1609", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spar adenomas may show lymphoid hyperplasia and marked telangiectasia with hemorrhage.", "image_path": "RQjP3A3YAOY_image_0bb05cfa-26fe-4029-a96c-3165644839df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1610", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macroplastique is present on one side, appearing as angular fragments with a semi-translucent and partially refractile appearance.", "image_path": "sr1ohVqzhK0_image_f235378c-40de-42b6-b8aa-600255866d34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1611", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_ef7a5d22-9bef-46c5-957d-783b5bded4f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1612", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastasis is the most common type of tumor found in the cranial vault, where a tumor from another location spreads through the blood vessels and implants itself in the brain.", "image_path": "CHU-464bph8_image_cdfbdcf3-7901-48f0-b6d4-cc9552f76805.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1613", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of skin layers and structures, including the thin, hairless skin of the vermilion border and the thick stratified squamous epithelium of the oral/mucosal surface.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_8280f78d-275a-40b4-8613-4799d2118f0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1614", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EDV is often an incidental finding and may not be clinically significant when found adjacent to other lesions like basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_4c018450-a0ef-497b-a99b-16acdace20fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1615", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reactive hyperplasia is a benign and reversible enlargement of lymphoid tissue in response to antigen stimulus.", "image_path": "Q2W9px-vvxI_image_430cb48c-90d8-45a2-945e-a82085ed72bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1616", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of different tumors that can have a similar appearance to the well-circumscribed pink ball in the dermis, including pilar cysts, schwannomas, and giant cell tumor tendon sheath.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_91770373-63f0-4ea3-a27e-07b3403eb635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1617", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marked reduction in the lumen with inflammatory cells in the expanded and highly remodeled media undergoing necrotizing changes.", "image_path": "EaaEYSH8VqA_image_433d1e17-e7de-4a20-9d16-838b0751a7bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1618", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of S100 protein expression may occur in some de-differentiated melanomas.", "image_path": "VXpcFYy1cZg_image_18f1b7e5-eef6-4d02-b348-c7cdcd4cb926.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1619", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst lining is made of a double layer of cuboidal to columnar cells, with the inner layer being more columnar and possibly having apocrine snouts.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_da5b8cdf-8dc4-4706-884d-2d77ac0c714f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1620", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Retraction artifact is present, which is non-specific for prostate cancer.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_23e519c8-a26a-4529-a271-c49d4863ea0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1621", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratinocytes typically hold melanin pigment, not melanocytes. Darkly pigmented cells in the dermis are usually melanophages, histiocytes, or macrophages that have ingested melanin from the epidermis.", "image_path": "8vh9VFmu-RU_image_c5d4f9a0-b745-4664-8540-fe6458fdf5f4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1622", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No inflammatory cellular reaction adjacent to the cast material.", "image_path": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_72721319-36c9-40b8-8da5-3c10deaa14a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1623", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_ab6cf1ff-9c22-4aa6-9eb7-10344b836448.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1624", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being discussed is a mucin-secreting epithelium.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_390eed98-9050-40de-a485-86388d6014f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1625", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of segmental necrosis and cellular crescent formation.", "image_path": "Blyb-E885eg_image_1c1341dc-15bd-4f91-93e3-74d9cf28394c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1626", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach.", "image_path": "bPH8UFYxAzk_image_6e8f2080-38ab-4a20-a79d-6c3bedfa9b14.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1627", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In severe osteoarthrosis, there is loss of tissue and production of new tissue in the form of new bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue as a component of microfracture repair, and in the form of osteophytes.", "image_path": "MVWgLLiirKU_image_735aef9e-8897-4559-88eb-1694004c8ca6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Orthopedic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1628", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Emphysema affects the smallest bronchioles and alveoli due to infections, inflammations, oxidative stress, and overproduction of proteases.", "image_path": "2AaErlvd-90_image_752e25ac-f689-42b4-9d0e-cdfc18323c57.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1629", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Coarse deposits of iron can be seen on gastric biopsy due to oral iron or iron sulfate tablets causing gastric erosion and repeated blood transfusions in thalassemia patients.", "image_path": "B61Dz3YhjGE_image_17b96d85-c3e5-43b2-9ed0-91a338f6546e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1630", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of pulmonary macrophages with pigment and interstitial thickening.", "image_path": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_0ab3a41c-e40f-4a65-bd97-cf61cf153616.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1631", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cytology shows spindle cells that are variable in size and hyperchromatic.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1632", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The medullary ray is a collection of straight tubules and collecting ducts radiating into the cortex.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1633", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD99 can be positive in both Ewing's and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.", "image_path": "kmJj2ak__SY_image_2286796e-435d-4302-bd3a-966a31340a5e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1634", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endometrial adenocarcinoma can be graded into FIGO grade 1 to 3 based on the percentage of solid growth.", "image_path": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1635", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation is commonly associated with a thickening of the basement membrane and edematous stroma.", "image_path": "8G1EXlpyhHk_image_9ef8dc31-405d-4ec7-92a0-b62878bd76aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1636", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of spindle cells in the dermis, which is somewhat edematous", "image_path": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_025a8a43-0b8e-49bd-a258-7233fc5923d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1637", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Herniated glands can mimic invasive adenocarcinoma with mucinous and signet ring cell features.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1638", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of an organism in the epidermis, which may be relevant to a possible infection.", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_8b20520c-e43e-4e4f-a6ac-4f8b68548464.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1639", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LCIS cells can push native ductal epithelial cells to the surface and some may get entrapped between proliferating LCIS cells.", "image_path": "FT_6Lesb7DU_image_eddfef17-1fce-4241-af49-82201a74edde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1640", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Punch biopsy from the scalp showing hair follicles and sebaceous glands.", "image_path": "r7SWcky6V0A_image_7abbe860-c9d2-4f95-b958-cf4e73902393.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1641", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is a classic example of grade one myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "X_mW9GAT5do_image_fd33f9a7-2aee-4028-955a-6d5ed7e5526b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1642", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comparison of CD4 and CD7 expression shows a decrease in CD7 expression.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_2e042271-7ee4-445a-befd-59a9d520932a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1643", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are nodules with a spillover of LP cells into adjacent spaces, causing mottling beyond the nodules.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_c0a23876-749e-419b-b0ee-bf8f20c9ac6b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1644", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chordomas are problematic tumors that can metastasize and cause compression effects on other structures.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_d5604a34-3b1d-49f8-87e7-da6eba85fd24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1645", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion may be recurrent and can change morphology with loss of myxoid stroma.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_ab9b555f-a72a-404c-a01c-97c7dc40e45c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1646", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient was initially thought to have carcinoma but was later diagnosed with melanoma.", "image_path": "AyY92DifR_4_image_657a1489-7279-47dc-8d5e-0d6db16c91c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1647", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The atypical large cells are LP cells with a mature B cell profile, expressing membrane positivity for CD20 and nuclear transcription factor BOB1.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_d3551d8e-316c-4867-83be-a6b25d20d55e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1648", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sweat gland tumors can have small, focal ducts, while hidradenomas, spiradenomas, and cylindromas tend to have abundant duct spaces and cysts.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_9cbd9701-13ff-4444-bf6c-88dad4b2c3f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1649", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Distinctive stroma is observed in the gallbladder, which could indicate other biliary neoplasms such as mucinous cystic neoplasm or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.", "image_path": "xF1Wl7VZZZk_image_feae2e28-1c74-4bc6-bcd2-020ee3ae61d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1650", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mixture of mucinous, intestinal, tubular, and diffuse type adenocarcinoma with prominent lymphoid stroma in the stomach, illustrating the challenges in classification of gastric carcinomas.", "image_path": "3G4WxT1tVQg_image_bd636911-4972-42e3-a396-ed2cf3b68b21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1651", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor expresses VEGF and other angiogenic factors.", "image_path": "iQ1Be_0IpJM_image_77c8aa08-adae-45a7-91b8-dc86404ef336.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1652", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The elevated alpha-fetoprotein may be related to the presence of yolk sac tumor.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_962ea6ec-acb9-4db3-9de1-fdd8098e1d78.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1653", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of histiocytes filled with lipid indicates a xanthomatous process.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_c9292d94-0ddc-4515-9e07-fdeeb1f2369f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1654", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia projecting into the lumen.", "image_path": "1WOcWthZjrE_image_fb01bc56-582f-4f97-be27-c8640aeb36b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1655", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxedematous and scleromyxedema conditions run along a spectrum.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_b3a885c0-9eec-4931-83e1-1ad6df9e77f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1656", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is delineated from the non-neoplastic brain tissue.", "image_path": "CHU-464bph8_image_609263b9-f985-4311-8c3c-d63193dc880c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1657", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells arising from the tendon and forming a nodule.", "image_path": "3pw1ClJBYs8_image_6d7a5f96-26c9-4a6a-a86a-c418eb659f4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1658", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This case shows intraductal carcinoma with nuclei more than six times the size of cells in the stroma.", "image_path": "rx2TDPxbaG4_image_18e4e0b6-dfb5-4c6a-90c2-53b4bca82291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1659", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The differential diagnosis includes synovial sarcoma and translocation-associated sarcomas.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_fef13514-e44d-4c2e-b65b-ae12df6dc131.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1660", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The liver shows massive disruption of the normal architecture with degeneration or necrosis of the hepatocytes.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_dfb57a64-2a29-404a-85cb-aad56ee99c0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1661", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The composition of glycosamine or glycans may affect staining with eosin.", "image_path": "KJSwR1cDkBU_image_06f1f14c-257e-4e98-81dc-2cd9ee9e25cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1662", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glypican-3 marker is useful to distinguish between hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma on biopsy.", "image_path": "pdngAhYt8sg_image_f52e8fec-9323-4de2-9d4e-e57626adc6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1663", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen section from a cranial mass with a new soft tissue mass in the right frontal scalp and irregular erosion of the frontal bone. The lesion measures 1.7 centimeters in greatest dimension. The surgeon and oncologist suspect it is a metastasis from an unknown primary.", "image_path": "v11BlQzjvBI_image_9665b561-ab2b-40a8-bf83-fbdb4357ed72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1664", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No infiltration or mitotic capturing is observed in the stroma.", "image_path": "keSHQoiWm3c_image_f0ae3f00-b544-4ad2-98bd-ff39e5786ef6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1665", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of atretic follicles is a major feature of ovarian histology.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1666", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical cells in the epidermis can give rise to parakeratosis.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_0ed0b8d4-faea-49b2-947b-39e40128a139.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1667", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glioblastoma with necrotic areas and palisading is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_41e5a375-98bd-4d12-b5a9-9c0644366906.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1668", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Simple endometrial hyperplasia is typically described as having a Swiss cheese pattern, with dilated endometrial glands resembling the holes in Swiss cheese.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_89c24de4-ee90-45fe-935c-237230708788.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1669", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, vascular infiltrate, and band-like infiltrate in some areas, which are all signs of inflammation.", "image_path": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_a292f0f6-117a-4b02-9463-4a75d0517dd7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1670", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Primary spermatocytes undergo the first meiotic division.", "image_path": "Qiqdz5JABJo_image_30d18693-dd9d-43b7-96bb-39ce9654810f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1671", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lupus panniculitis can cause a Parry-Romberg-like condition.", "image_path": "P5L21qkpB5w_image_21e51019-a0e1-47c1-948d-9d0ac4a94320.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1672", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The vacuoles in lipoblasts are clear and empty, and are a result of lipid washing out during processing.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_6123f9a6-26bb-440a-b6bc-b3fd14a4ce2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1673", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopic finding of pustules shows dysplastic epithelial cells with a lot of neutrophils and scattered eosinophils, indicating a neutrophilic dermatosis.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_98f97355-f6bc-4387-871c-44358baa6108.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1674", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lobular accentuation syndrome of the glomerulus is seen in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN).", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1675", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being examined is dense regular connective tissue, which can be difficult to distinguish from skeletal muscle at low power.", "image_path": "oNdYlB4vkFc_image_a6026ec0-2b67-43f0-9828-ffedbbfa6ebb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1676", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Decreased or absent collagen bundles in some areas with homogenization of collagen bundles in other areas.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_8b2e575d-79d8-4050-b3b0-13ccda171d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1677", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_b55e8341-2290-4b3c-9ab4-8c525def4f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_1678", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma tends to be negative for keratins and may express S100 sometimes.", "image_path": "AzMkx7u2-qA_image_a0962d1d-6699-4e3a-99cc-13c6ad4e5c93.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1679", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Apocrine glands are normally found in the glands of Moll and around the nipple.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_ed374f4e-b2ad-4390-81dc-9da1ba0aaf53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1680", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy specimen is from the trunk and shows large nodular accumulations of cells extending from the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_670ff0fe-20dc-46c7-8a0a-c91e0ecc22ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1681", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion is highly vascular and characterized by the presence of blood vessels filled with erythrocytes.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_ed28b34b-021b-42d6-bfc1-6b4850219782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1682", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The shape of the nucleus changes from square or round toward the basement membrane to more flat as it gets closer to the apical surface.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_3bae02d2-6afd-4e5c-9211-852df44ecdd5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1683", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MAML2 fusion is seen in most cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_bf59c8d1-dfe8-4844-adaf-89730dae54fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1684", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is in situ melanoma in the bottom right hand field of the top image, with two populations of cells, including balloon cells and smaller cells with bubbly cytoplasm, and numerous mitoses.", "image_path": "mU8Bz3dTZNg_image_00cb943f-fc63-4171-9651-d16aeb0f77f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1685", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the thymus as located dorsally to the sternum, arising from the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm, and producing immunocompetent T lymphocytes.", "image_path": "PfXJBTXFALY_image_b8644d28-7b0f-4855-8781-6398c33526c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1686", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a longstanding pleomorphic adenoma.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_afc25ec4-818d-4eeb-bbe5-2a70a84c6abd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1687", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The WHO classification does not require specifying SSL as high-grade or low-grade.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1688", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described cell is a lymphocyte, a form of white blood cell.", "image_path": "8ZwPLs0jh8U_image_6baf110b-5974-4af7-8b70-d43a9277f719.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1689", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Broad areas of the lymph node are replaced by tumor.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_ed6cc2f0-1acc-4086-a5cd-15fce8b85977.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1690", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with predominant strands of epithelium in a fibrous background.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_db1339ad-1e86-49fc-9733-8f7020516902.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1691", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Testicular biopsy from a 30-year-old male was taken to investigate infertility.", "image_path": "ngthzeVx2s8_image_5f5e1178-b556-426f-9049-9e7bb711568d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1692", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant pilomatricoma or pilomatrical carcinoma can be diagnosed by seeing areas of transition to ghost cell focally or of some trichohyalin granules.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_782b9aff-1ba8-4846-9ffe-217743eeda7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1693", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrotic or apoptotic keratinocytes can result in pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis with pink eosinophilic cytoplasm.", "image_path": "FRc68vRHiqY_image_15639870-4ad1-47b3-9b86-9c35f2d239d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Lichen striatus']", "id": "train_1694", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by comedo necrosis and palisading or peripheral palisading pattern, and carries a poor prognosis with high risk of lymph node metastasis.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1695", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lysosomal accumulations of a subunit of a mitochondrial protein can be characteristic of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine or lipofuscinosis.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_6fc02e43-a914-48e8-a0e6-3c4dac19976d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1696", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is a vein, not an artery, as there are no elastic fibers present in the wall.", "image_path": "iuaTmmjmqyA_image_5e540173-97e2-41c9-9fdf-3278c5be2218.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1697", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Piloleiomyoma resembles the erect or pili muscle, with glassy cytoplasm and oval nuclei with blunted ends.", "image_path": "iQR0yXEU0Mw_image_9583466c-9d62-491e-8e9c-6ee218f28ecb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1698", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stratification of intermediate cells can be highlighted with P40 and P63 to differentiate from other tumors.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_7d94d39e-decf-401c-8107-ac462fe3ebef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1699", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The clear cells and chromophobe cells have clear cytoplasmic boundaries and distinct nuclear features, such as eosinophilic nucleoli and binucleated cells.", "image_path": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_1580d5ea-da9b-4360-841b-3166a08eef0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1700", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tattoo reactions typically involve a brisk lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, often with lymphocytes in the epidermis.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_fdac3e83-7b35-4802-b2d5-85cdcfd45e19.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1701", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a kidney biopsy showing mesangiolysis and eosinophilic material in the mesangial regions and under the glomerular basement membrane.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_4703531b-4fe5-4acd-8a18-9cbb1e78646c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1702", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells and round pigmented fungal structures are present in the dermis.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_b09a5af4-9449-4fb0-a326-4e97a5ce2d89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1703", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is a labial melanotic macule, which can occur on the oral lips or genital labia.", "image_path": "O2yi2ir0Ubg_image_13c1a819-46fa-448e-b1dc-83b612d2e532.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1704", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of nerve fascicles surrounded by perineurium, which is a specialized connective tissue and a blood nerve barrier.", "image_path": "SDMbq5ido2I_image_5a2bd990-a2fb-42d1-bdda-cc4177882584.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1705", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The necrosis starts to heal by proliferation of astrocytes.", "image_path": "TKgm4BRLAEk_image_b2bb31ac-e136-4ea0-b4dc-8277ddb2b63e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1706", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Actinic keratosis typically has parakeratosis, although pigmented AKs may not have it. Pigmented AKs are also known as large cell acanthoma or solar lentigo.", "image_path": "8vh9VFmu-RU_image_967a62d7-31d2-416d-8d59-61d077653625.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1707", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Type I collagen fibers can be found in fibrocartilage, such as in the meniscus.", "image_path": "MVWgLLiirKU_image_a728162e-91c3-4a75-94f8-bb8fbb906eba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Orthopedic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1708", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion contains spindle cells, plump and uniform epithelioid cells, and endothelial vacuoles clustered together.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_67dcce76-fbdf-4fb5-9e66-50fd8110bdd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1709", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the nests have a specific pattern and orientation, sometimes called trabecular pattern or architecture or stratified pattern or radiating type of growth.", "image_path": "T_P5c4odRCE_image_7874c672-eeb1-419f-a207-287b34bcaf42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1710", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in distinguishing high-grade dysplasia from cancer in a biopsy specimen.", "image_path": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_f8dbede7-3820-4409-8ce1-94442258eed5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1711", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunoperoxidase staining can be used to confirm a diagnosis, but should not be the primary method.", "image_path": "dwKK8Hq92oA_image_cc700502-331c-40da-8f70-7849392203c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1712", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No immature neural glial tissue is seen.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1713", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common adult renal neoplasm.", "image_path": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1714", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The proximal convoluted tubule is the longest of the tubules in the cortex.", "image_path": "EchGRGULuS8_image_59638bfd-972c-4d5f-83d8-af621c7ec4e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1715", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of parakeratosis, which is a chronic granular layer and can be seen in discoid lupus.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_53f451f9-12e8-4637-8a0a-bd5e20d6b90c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1716", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell syringoma is often associated with diabetes.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_f9121df4-57cc-4b1a-8687-aa6668e9872d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1717", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acquired melanosis with mild atypia and malignant melanoma in situ were described as examples of pigmented conjunctiva lesions.", "image_path": "IeSR2DH9MEI_image_45606f11-2456-48ab-aa43-5155759a99f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1718", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1719", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma has two forms: alpha-beta and gamma-delta. The gamma-delta type is more dangerous.", "image_path": "XNF71N5C1hE_image_9af35544-c7e6-407a-9a22-b79fee1544cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1720", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Monckeberg's calcific stenosis is an incidental finding of no clinical significance.", "image_path": "Ry37ll2EXWw_image_f748869f-d846-4dd9-bbae-5b8fc65297a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cardiac', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1721", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of fat necrosis due to needle trauma during a needle biopsy. Needle track should be ignored and not used for diagnosis.", "image_path": "cQX2ivEyZHA_image_18d741de-61d5-40fd-a000-f2e19dd1f067.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1722", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of pustular vasculitis and the most common disease to cause it, which is IgA-mediated HSP. Deposits of IgA in the skin lead to increased neutrophils and a higher degree of pustular involvement.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_f63d786b-20ce-4942-ae39-83e2b93700be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1723", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myoepithelial cells surround serous acini, mucous tubules, and intercalated ducts.", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1724", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign glycogenic acanthosis is a diagnosis of very little significance, characterized by superficial swelling of squamous epithelium in the esophagus and cervix.", "image_path": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_754ca82e-ac59-49e8-85f4-df8cadec2f64.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1725", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MPGN is characterized by aphelic acellular plugs within the glomerular loops, hypercellularity within the mesangium and endocapillary proliferation, and exudative infiltration.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1726", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor has pleomorphic cells with abundant cytoplasm and vesicular open chromatin.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_0d2e6583-1d32-4702-ae07-b9057049c643.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1727", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of staining for TTF and P63 in the context of diagnosing a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "sIC49YSRX_I_image_4be055f4-bd16-4cce-a0ff-34247b95a500.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1728", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Two-year-old with an adrenal mass and bone lesions requires a small round blue cell tumor workup.", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_7b087403-ba10-4598-9dc5-10dd5a7c3b74.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1729", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of granulomatous inflammation and microorganisms on a slide suggests an infectious process.", "image_path": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_4ddbd63c-1d01-4064-94f1-228d88096cb2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1730", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The corpus spongiosum is bounded by a thinner tunica albuginea.", "image_path": "-6p9M6fWjGM_image_c75f16f0-cbea-4073-ab86-8b5bda7abb32.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1731", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The collagen fibers in the area appear smudgy and degenerating, with neutrophilic nuclear debris within zones of degenerated collagen.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1732", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The kidney is commonly affected by systemic amyloidosis.", "image_path": "zcImdqxXK08_image_0f6bed99-1098-4dd3-8d23-13c997aea468.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1733", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a little irregular border and extends into the subcutis.", "image_path": "SxddBT1SfWw_image_690280a8-7603-47a0-b56d-80a091ac352c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1734", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen section from a cranial mass with a new soft tissue mass in the right frontal scalp and irregular erosion of the frontal bone. The lesion measures 1.7 centimeters in greatest dimension. The surgeon and oncologist suspect it is a metastasis from an unknown primary.", "image_path": "v11BlQzjvBI_image_9665b561-ab2b-40a8-bf83-fbdb4357ed72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1735", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous glands produce sebum, which is a fatty, greasy oil that comes out of the hair shaft opening or the pilosebaceous unit.", "image_path": "A4Mq71mkjwA_image_f67c71c4-0cfc-4c0e-8de0-f3ff6ecf7e31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1736", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis or cheilitis granulomatosis, which is in the same family as Meckel-Rosenthal. Granulomatous rosacea or perioral dermatitis can also cause granulomatous inflammation, but not the isolated sarcoid granulomas seen in this case. Crohn's disease should be ruled out in patients with this diagnosis.", "image_path": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_465afbc3-8158-4b57-9df0-2a79f3fec50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1737", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Observation of numerous mitotic figures in the background.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_6d21e231-a42c-4088-b411-2a79e2d5189a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1738", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In situ carcinoma and nests of invasion can be seen in the described case.", "image_path": "fb1VKk3XS-k_image_24adc288-ecb2-477d-86aa-c3d52aa109bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1739", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and interphase dermatitis on the differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_74634f95-461b-4bb5-a43c-1767aa542f05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1740", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows a halo nevus, which is characterized by melanocytes and lymphocytes scattered together.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_01e61469-708d-467b-b930-1c8f572b5b04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1741", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sequencing may be necessary to identify a beta-catenin mutation.", "image_path": "TuqEpNQft0s_image_d2f49968-b969-4bc5-9b1c-cb57c32d439b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1742", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Surgical excision is the treatment for the condition described, but it can be difficult due to infiltrative margins and lack of tissue to close. Chemo and radiation are not well-studied treatment options.", "image_path": "GBv-3ZaSpZU_image_75406d50-337d-4fe4-860a-83c19169bd04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_1743", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is identical to hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, which has intermediate malignant potential and can be locally recurrent but does not metastasize on its own.", "image_path": "4G3LjX8iQ5I_image_5956b9ef-45d0-44ac-9c8f-614b872b9d68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1744", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deep to the epithelium, there are cells arranged in concentric circles that have lost their nuclei.", "image_path": "tXWarf8FEW0_image_d2a8de53-91c6-4228-ac29-a6726dd070df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1745", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cell has a lobulated, folded nuclear membrane with a prominent nucleolus.", "image_path": "e-tVDfAl5Ac_image_b6cc7318-398a-48ce-a8c2-3ac670a93e04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1746", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text mentions hyphal lung-rod-like structures and exuberant squamous proliferation with pseudoepitheliumous hyperplasia and microabscesses.", "image_path": "zyDWLFsnwUk_image_03ed7236-a295-4109-a727-6c8bc4e8eaff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1747", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smoking-related lung disease can include diseases such as cancer or emphysema, in addition to respiratory bronchiolitis (RB).", "image_path": "Ur360PL8Eac_image_ca5e2367-fa64-4e40-8e8b-8905a7b93d9c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1748", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteosarcoma should be diagnosed even if there are small areas of neoplastic bone present.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1749", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is nuclear overlapping and crowding.", "image_path": "OKQ4IY_bFEU_image_ffb667d6-2b3a-405f-b4a0-1a956ecbc996.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1750", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical hyperplasia in the area looks more like ductal carcinoma in situ, but isn't sufficient enough to qualify for that designation.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_b9347d43-4e4a-4737-a2a5-4d880b9e7d22.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1751", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunophenotyping can help identify the myoepithelial cells highlighting only the surrounding clear cell component.", "image_path": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_bd9a68a4-2ca1-439d-9bd9-a916e3628b60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1752", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils and nuclear dust, indicating leukocytoclastic process.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1753", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nucleated red blood cells may indicate stress in bone marrow and should be checked for polychromasia", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_8c28e825-5f45-44f2-bbc3-4a87754f933b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1754", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis shows features of chronicity, including lymphocytic infiltration and dermal fibrosis with a loss of loose collagen bundles.", "image_path": "BU9bKnThRuQ_image_29108f0c-d517-43bc-b439-cc196882e692.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1755", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and papillary morphology are defining features of ductal adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "8EpPUmNRV0c_image_47dc83ba-f798-480a-83e1-092a50b51fd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1756", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MDM2 staining is not entirely specific for liposarcoma and can occur in periosteal osteosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, endometrial stromal sarcomas, some rhabdomyosarcomas, and some desmoid tumors.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_0c872efd-3e0a-40ec-a1be-14dc601e15d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1757", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoblastomas can produce an enormous spectrum of variation due to the different parts of the hair follicle that can be represented.", "image_path": "ug1Z-r6iTmw_image_08ad6774-d54c-4706-9919-dfa67340801b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1758", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils and plasma cells are present in this manifestation.", "image_path": "0oj1ckEA-_g_image_5f39efac-56f0-4dc9-b8cb-8bcf19e983e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1759", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Theca externa cells form a poorly defined capsule around the corpus luteum.", "image_path": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_d40b10af-a120-40ac-830f-57cd7b9c47b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1760", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is a variation of pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_8d79cdd7-dd65-47d4-9ee0-dba6a6416bf5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1761", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of remarkable areas of pleomorphic nuclei within greatly enlarged cells.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_01241936-5c81-4471-9512-2e9c449ee5e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1762", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole.", "image_path": "U6LqEr4vVis_image_ea9dece5-0a5e-43a3-b2ec-509e6671edd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1763", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mucin in the center of the palisade is classic for granuloma annulare.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_a8b312fc-bce7-46ba-8065-3412be942596.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1764", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermal duct tumor characterized by cuboidal cells with amyloid deposits in cuticle lined ducts.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_357ddbaa-b5e5-42d9-97cc-53eca8d27624.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1765", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of simple squamous epithelium with flattened disc-shaped nuclei.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_fc26c53d-ab7e-400d-b0be-150ffb1e8f6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1766", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of malignant sebaceous gland cells in the sample.", "image_path": "ZVlX4tCsyOc_image_3251f068-d7e0-46a0-aadd-a4ad7708e62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1767", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasiform dermatitis with mounds of parakeratosis and superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.", "image_path": "DMz6Wl24efc_image_30d37cd1-7c3c-4a05-8380-c4b2e8786c68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1768", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudoinvasion can happen frequently in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1769", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with necrosis and spindly cells.", "image_path": "uiFPeJM7OvY_image_a84b8c23-f834-491d-833f-f0d2e98eb7b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1770", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Junctional mitoses are more frequently seen in melanoma than in nevi.", "image_path": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_0686b0fd-749a-4b40-8699-4e9d9e0d5a7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1771", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts in dermatomyofibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1772", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are the most numerous inflammatory cell in histological sections and are part of the chronic inflammatory response.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_2a80b356-1891-42fa-b1ca-ade04a21dd0e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1773", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa is lined by tall columnar epithelium, sometimes mucus-secreting.", "image_path": "ZZd0t-Bb82c_image_f6cb1e19-e839-4012-910c-57e101836702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1774", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigment deposition can occur in diffuse neurofibromas in particular.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1775", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of stasis dermatitis, which is commonly found in the lower extremities.", "image_path": "BU9bKnThRuQ_image_9f115c4e-cb12-4b15-a89f-c506d908fc7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1776", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_5774fa74-d538-4a95-9957-238c9e154918.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1777", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Preparation stained to demonstrate glycogen within the hepatocytes.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_72f17612-d66a-4b2b-b206-ac83d4af92f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1778", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ is the most common pagetoid lesion.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_77efddd5-9989-493a-87f4-c109984f01e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1779", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intercalated duct cells are responsive to secretin in response to a drop in pH as acidic chyme moves out of the stomach into the small intestine.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_60a59462-c259-4899-9069-a1f48c4ec508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1780", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Understanding normal histology and morphology of the thyroid gland can help in identifying pathological conditions quickly.", "image_path": "0zob5YWn6BY_image_9f250337-8160-48e7-8cf4-76e1b299d0f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1781", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD20 is negative in atypical large cells but picks up a part of the background population of small B cells.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_8ce079c6-9dfc-4519-969d-0fd6bb7ff7fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1782", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nests of epithelial cells are present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1783", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fixed drug eruption is an important entity to consider and may be related to medication use.", "image_path": "Td3H4JM0MvQ_image_1fab057a-149e-447c-9952-7ced9ed1bec2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_1784", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Precursor lesions with a cystadenoma-like appearance may produce mucin and stain with neuroendocrine markers.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_a7993b51-3f88-4f53-a8ca-d70f2fbeae8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1785", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Misdiagnosis of a myoepithelial tumor as a melanoma is possible if the myoepithelial component is abundant and S100 is diffusely positive.", "image_path": "RJSo69GC4zI_image_1a0ed7fb-5220-415d-991a-11b1b74420a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1786", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multiple little papules in a child may suggest tuberous sclerosis.", "image_path": "gSk7afKp2m8_image_3fbbe1cc-cdd9-49d3-8270-a578ac30d43d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1787", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "About 70% of neurofibromas will stain strongly with CD34.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_58909be3-2367-4266-ad32-2d2adde93b25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1788", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Shortened crypts filled with plasma cells are indicative of basal plasmacytosis.", "image_path": "7eXjOyacvF8_image_5bc66b52-5164-44ec-b9d3-8a5baf3bc7ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1789", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perilegional approach is recommended for direct immunofluorescence in Pemphigus foliaceus.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1790", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The basic unit of cardiac muscle tissue is a cardiomyocyte, which is a cylindrical, often branched cell with one nucleus in the middle.", "image_path": "_tw-9fknvIM_image_e2620406-486c-4922-a834-e2c47f9275a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Smooth muscle', 'Skeletal muscle']", "id": "train_1791", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of fibrosis distribution in SRIF, with some subpleural fibrosis and centrilobular fibrosis near the bronchovascular bundle.", "image_path": "UpoSccgVXt0_image_a285607c-070e-4ca1-a308-0e4faa627b38.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1792", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Most drug-induced GA-like eruptions do not have eosinophils, but eosinophils can sometimes be present in GA.", "image_path": "ACf82F7avdo_image_b13555e5-436c-4937-9d6b-54e02ea3e9d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1793", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of pyostomatitis vegetans is confirmed.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_98f97355-f6bc-4387-871c-44358baa6108.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1794", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Scattered pleomorphism is seen in neurofibromas, particularly in patients with NF1.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_4f6f7384-7f8b-4a15-903f-4321e4821b8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1795", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is ongoing segmental necrosis in this glomerulus.", "image_path": "MWFbZgy6uSw_image_fd5f7489-82db-40a2-a49d-57fc7c59f578.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1796", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the diagnosis of large cell acanthoma plus Bowen's disease, and the potential use of immunostaining for further diagnosis.", "image_path": "tQ6Cp45KiCs_image_8b22f4f5-488b-402b-8b43-6ea37178b8bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1797", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor cells of olfactory neuroblastomas are usually located below the surface.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_2fc40ed0-9cd3-4c6f-a073-bf6a5bca8df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1798", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The reticular fibers form a supporting framework for cells and create an anastomotic network to provide structural support to the cellular component within the lymph node.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_3a1bb270-4817-4035-93c8-310cb41db6aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1799", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pancarotene, keratin 7, and Pax8 are good markers for renal cells.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_563d6f71-8fb9-4cff-8423-f089cd3dd8e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1800", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tattoo pigments can harbor atypical mycobacteria, causing mycobacterial granulomas. Allergic reactions to tattoo ink, especially blues and reds, are common. Pigment can be deposited into muscle, causing traumatic tattoos.", "image_path": "5fZIxwpKvGU_image_04392977-f207-45bb-b4f1-bac430055e27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1801", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium with nuclei present, indicating non-keratinization.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_61607f57-73b0-4e64-bff6-67bf5986fe20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1802", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulovacuolar degeneration is an important finding in Alzheimer’s disease.", "image_path": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1803", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of an organizing thrombus with fibrin thrombus and small vessels perforating it.", "image_path": "0ReSTBzTLiY_image_f19d42eb-fc14-4cad-b6c1-30d98957bfd0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1804", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "GLI1 rearranged tumors have a perithelial appearance and can grow into vessels in a subendothelial fashion", "image_path": "xF1Wl7VZZZk_image_b4f597a9-ee34-4fe3-b06c-f02bf53f2d50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1805", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "NR4A3 is a molecular marker used for acinar cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_69a2d570-1f2e-4e87-bf14-b1cdc8a7bded.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1806", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pemphigus foliaceus, discoid lupus erythematosus, and bullous hepatitis all attack desmoglein 1, leading to the sub-corneal split.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_cd9fd25e-48c1-4459-8a6f-93c9f4eb7dd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1807", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In immune mediated necrotizing myopathy, a finely punctate pattern of staining is seen with LC3 and P62 antibodies.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_7cea38f2-d38e-4b84-9f26-cb5d244d41ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1808", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis is thickened by inflammation and fibrosis, which is extending and widening some of the septa in between the fat lobules.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_c0e1703e-c944-4a88-80db-c824c78f9be7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1809", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator describes a lesion with features similar to PEH, including multiple hair follicles and hypergranulosis in the center. The lesion is identified as an early keratoacanthoma. The surrounding tissue appears to be angiofibroma with a fibrotic papillary dermis and numerous vessels.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_1fc8292d-52df-43bb-ab40-d974e1d67672.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1810", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DLE causes interface changes at the DEJ.", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1811", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are two components in one area, with abundant ductal epithelium and cuffs of stroma.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_e3de5457-b37f-4a23-9eda-fdc286b545c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1812", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Obstructive cholestasis is characterized by bile duct plugging, portal expansion, and bile duct proliferation with centrilobular hepatocellular injury.", "image_path": "68Wg1EWolIs_image_e0158c0d-1493-4279-b887-75f56215242f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1813", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of acid-fast bacilli in a nerve, which may indicate lepromatous leprosy.", "image_path": "qvfIwOycbP8_image_b1e65bab-0fa2-4a79-91a5-b6a5cf54ca43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1814", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The esophagus has a myenteric plexus or Auerbach’s plexus in the connective tissue seam along the smooth muscle portion and a submucosal plexus or Meissner’s plexus in the submucosa.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1815", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of 5-micron RMEC organisms filling the cytoplasm of histiocytes, indicating histoplasmosis.", "image_path": "F1SAm__cYzs_image_70adb467-b62e-4f19-bf94-9b73fdef84a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1816", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mitotic figures within the endothelial cells indicating cell proliferation.", "image_path": "3KD6wnMR6Lg_image_fad451eb-4759-4e43-8342-1e816d8ff323.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1817", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade dedifferentiation can occur in a well-atypical lipomatous tumor, which may have different molecular drivers than high-grade pleomorphic dedifferentiation.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_f87742e7-1a86-498c-983c-b17d96eca839.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1818", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In the described case, the lobules make up about 90% of the breast tissue.", "image_path": "r-EddqRx0L8_image_142cf7b0-ed58-45a0-822a-2a9b8344a9b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1819", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample appears to be vegetable in nature, with cell walls and rectangular structures indicating cellulose walls.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_07f81600-864c-4cb6-8c67-cdde0edf2110.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1820", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of villus features is important in identifying different types of adenomas. A polyp covered by villus features greater than 75% is called a villus adenoma, while anything between approximately 75% tubules to 25% tubules or between 75% villus and 25% villus is considered a tubulovillous adenoma.", "image_path": "HilA233A6TE_image_a916f590-59bd-425d-b26a-11495fc2c351.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1821", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a split in a supra basilar location with basilar keratinocytes lining the bottom in a tombstoning pattern.", "image_path": "yAZnDz8svcc_image_e5625b95-014d-4a99-90d5-c7a86d1a1291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1822", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperkeratosis and cytologic atypia observed in biopsy indicating high-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_f8dbede7-3820-4409-8ce1-94442258eed5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1823", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ducts in chondroid syringoma resemble sweat ducts.", "image_path": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_69c23fa2-f742-49fd-ad33-0985a3e023ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1824", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of complete capsular invasion and vascular invasion in a tumor.", "image_path": "c4ykiVwTdYM_image_34147095-9d19-43f5-bca5-3ae83243089d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1825", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The delicate collagen and smooth muscle fibers in the dermis suggest that the location of the cyst is likely to be genital skin.", "image_path": "vf7gI1TZvS8_image_0974b276-475f-4979-8030-d577b9d533c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1826", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lining epithelium of the bladder is a transitional epithelium that is expandable and impermeable.", "image_path": "Zdp4AhOCoSM_image_8db777ff-f90b-40b4-b876-6610f74d1639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1827", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor being examined is an oligodendroglioma, which has a conventional morphology with little halos and satellite ptosis.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_fd213fb4-a038-4936-b89b-c9001ca4e244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1828", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade carcinoma shows mild cytological atypia, variation in cell shapes and sizes, and scarce mitotic activity.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_92924d81-5cbb-4840-aeab-24f66c12dfaf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1829", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The liver shows massive disruption of the normal architecture with degeneration or necrosis of the hepatocytes.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_ed3d9761-2fdd-423e-8307-5f53d4c7f3c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1830", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section is a cross-section of the penis, showing the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum.", "image_path": "-6p9M6fWjGM_image_c75f16f0-cbea-4073-ab86-8b5bda7abb32.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1831", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vascular smooth muscle does not stain strongly with desmin, and SMA is a better stain for angiomyomas.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_60417d6f-2096-4c09-907c-0c0b89961b51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1832", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin lining epidermis may be attenuated in diffused neurofibroma, which can obliterate the entire space between the superficial dermis up to the subcutaneous.", "image_path": "c2S_vipzy74_image_23b3db18-ace4-47f8-b0fd-00fbfd376809.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1833", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intervening unstained sections are used for immunohistochemistry to evaluate for cancer or invasion without wasting tissue or losing diagnostic material.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_71725491-d035-458e-ad0b-aa273f5b5dca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1834", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In SPTCL, neoplastic cells are usually CD8 positive and CD68 should highlight these cells.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_56e91a01-c867-4a6c-9dd4-7e768af3f0f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1835", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Terminal bars are present along the epithelial surface in tubal metaplasia.", "image_path": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_9de7ad14-72ab-4093-972c-56375079f87e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1836", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuolar interface with underlying lymphocytes.", "image_path": "B8kV2zEtIw0_image_dd153feb-8ee6-485f-8b59-ebd74fedbc90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1837", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes make their way into the substance of the lymph node by coursing within the trabeculae, which form the inner supporting framework.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_302bb9f9-4337-4716-ac9d-4ad339ddec23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1838", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Active inflammation at the junction of gastric pits and glands is a highly sensitive and specific feature of Helicobacter pylori gastritis.", "image_path": "5CyGs7tL-ko_image_76e43fb8-8afd-414c-be01-1419acdf6e35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1839", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells seen on low power appear to be largely lymphocytes.", "image_path": "XNF71N5C1hE_image_87d12d6d-3672-4217-ac9e-86374d941e1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1840", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor cells are of the same kind as normal epidermal cells but neoplastic.", "image_path": "WcHwJ_H2n24_image_0646032c-3c96-4a5b-a4e6-3e2e927cda43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1841", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Foamy cytoplasm with small vacuoles and bubbles suggests the possibility of lipid, like in xanthoma.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1842", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1843", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is adenocarcinoma present in an area with irregular and infiltrative glands.", "image_path": "TeAgovBGY7M_image_8d645eaa-bb64-4381-82a3-91821c7ed695.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1844", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Treatment approach for a bigger cellular or aneurysmal dermatofibroma is to remove most of the lesion and then watch and wait.", "image_path": "fgOUc_NkzXI_image_34878120-b831-452e-93ea-a47a2219a7af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1845", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The morphology of the cells in question has indistinct chromatin and a \"salt and pepper\" appearance, characteristic of neuroendocrine carcinoma.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_42cfee9f-cd8e-4f52-8b90-65c479c167d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1846", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Urothelial carcinoma is now recognized based on the presence of cytological and architectonical atypia.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_92924d81-5cbb-4840-aeab-24f66c12dfaf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1847", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extensive active inflammation is observed throughout the pharynx.", "image_path": "KXg_deDgMTI_image_a15176dd-dd1a-445a-9e94-9d0827049fda.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1848", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis.", "image_path": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_58ef792a-b0df-4c0d-954c-2699dbe7f3e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1849", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells are plump and spindle-shaped, with central nuclei and cord-like spreading pattern.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1850", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic melanoma can present as a nodule in the deep dermis or subcutis.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_5f1d1792-f680-44dd-b395-f4b64e96772c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1851", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes CNH, relapsing polychondritis, weathering nodules of the ear, and cartilaginous tumor.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1852", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation may be present around the nodular fasciitis.", "image_path": "WotdRi7uoNg_image_5a203562-f97f-4e02-9475-b15f52f9aa3c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1853", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parakeratosis in the stratum corneum and acantholysis with dyskeratotic keratinocytes indicating FAD.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_6a0d995f-9c79-4d16-b501-ef59cca23094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1854", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1855", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of smooth muscle in the submucosal layer or submucosa.", "image_path": "iBtvPrrX93s_image_7a0aa814-0eb0-4039-a3d0-a3af4ce99511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1856", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large lobules of more cellular areas that are well circumscribed and don't look like normal lymph node.", "image_path": "CHuKOeaDzB8_image_f0e28185-25c5-4cd0-bfb3-2a38ac63be15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1857", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has septal thickening, fibrosis, and emphysema, which are indicative of smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF).", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_b404bba5-0526-481e-a7b2-f3e125599b5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1858", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cystoid edema observed in the region.", "image_path": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1859", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm with no involvement in the epidermis is present.", "image_path": "enYtcGSWC5w_image_34da19e0-b75a-40b1-b9e6-6c05118c2f9f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1860", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The first case showing EDV is diagnosed as epidermal dysplasia verruciformis.", "image_path": "iyr3D0QQMVI_image_d51af3ae-f3ef-42a1-af74-de20da2eda51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1861", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Testicular mass from an 18-year-old is present.", "image_path": "ngthzeVx2s8_image_5f5e1178-b556-426f-9049-9e7bb711568d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1862", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bony trabeculae appear unremarkable.", "image_path": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1863", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a classic triad of a nodule with syncytial histiocytic cells, a central cystic area with serum or blood and fibrin, and a fibrous capsule with lymphocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_0ecb9130-cfbd-4c7d-8e4f-b15aa77b8997.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1864", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD10 positive staining, BCL6, and BCL2 can confirm the diagnosis.", "image_path": "RdLv4BcZjig_image_e441fcd9-5394-42e7-8246-eb498af35566.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1865", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a rhabdoid appearance, which is characterized by cells with eosinophilic or pink cytoplasmic bellies that push the nucleus to the periphery.", "image_path": "DCcPdyxYuGc_image_891b98c8-c153-4ca3-9da3-ac89faba1217.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1866", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pathology is in the epidermis, which appears acanthotic or thickened.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_fb1cca70-dc90-4ef9-951c-a9578a294a09.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1867", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Main differential diagnosis is peripheral fibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1868", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells in embryonal carcinoma show nuclear overlap.", "image_path": "Uytjh_tI1-U_image_281f06cd-996e-4031-96c2-5eaea25709d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1869", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion on the sun-damaged head and neck of an old person resembling Kaposi's sarcoma is likely angiosarcoma until proven otherwise.", "image_path": "A0ds9BGbxG0_image_9e082e82-4ae4-4b89-b03c-910fbb0db7a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1870", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate at the top of the dermis with a mixture of cells, some of which may be histiocytes.", "image_path": "0EYhbcuZZ8o_image_6d9995cb-bbe6-4982-9049-803cecfddd46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1871", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal dot-like expression of low molecular weight keratin and CK7 and pan-cytokeratin are present.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_04c22cc7-9067-4f2c-a8ca-4bdf2bbd34a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1872", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Terminal branches of the portal vein and arterial branches of the bile ductule are located in the center of the hepatic acinus.", "image_path": "2SWcVwM_pt8_image_1bac59ab-7233-4d1f-a21c-5592a6f941dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1873", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent nucleolus in a relatively large, basally located nucleus is a characteristic of nurse cells or Sertoli cells.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_8d029b2f-866a-4c9c-873b-009fa560626b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1874", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Absence of granular layer and slightly pink and plump cells in the ischemic area.", "image_path": "fA18MJu77VI_image_86a841d9-aeff-43f6-b4f4-7cab65b48baf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1875", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of three or four catagen follicles shifted into that stage at the same time is virtually pathognomonic of alopecia areata (AA).", "image_path": "iPos7QCIFHQ_image_583b57b9-9b31-42db-bdeb-11c08c6a9746.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1876", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_55b17562-3ba4-4e4b-8afe-2c734ea4093c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1877", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of large atypical cells in the septum in ALT, usually found at the edge of the septum. Occasionally, signet ring or mulberry lipoblasts and a few atypical cells may be present near the edge of a septum.", "image_path": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b9a116d7-a88e-421d-9ecb-a84a927bbf06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1878", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is characterized by collagen bundles localized near damaged vessels.", "image_path": "NAhToPNWF5k_image_c2cb8982-2b13-40f9-90b3-26ad541c2d21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1879", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of dyskeratosis in the keratinocytes, with acantholytic cells undergoing premature keratinization and apoptotic nuclei, indicating focal acantholytic dyskeratosis.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c22df915-6f89-4435-b43c-a57e6c8c7d7d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1880", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large atypical cells in the superficial dermis, within lymphatics.", "image_path": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1881", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils are present in the dermis.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1882", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acquired digital fibrokeratoma often occurs on the digits, but can also occur on the palm or sole.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1883", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen.", "image_path": "ddn2_H4hXp4_image_d69785d0-3ef3-4814-a6ee-9a0672faceba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatobiliary', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1884", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_3049b321-5416-4e4b-adc4-a421661aa8b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1885", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cellular neurothekeoma is not a nerve sheath tumor, but often has areas with myxoid change which can resemble nerve sheath myxoma.", "image_path": "obIibd_Xzlc_image_ba97107e-7662-439e-b2d4-f32a17b7462b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1886", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the supporting structure of lymph nodes, including trabeculae composed of reticular connective tissue, reticular cells, and reticular fibers.", "image_path": "rIN-3cL5nhw_image_db626ff2-4642-4bcc-9f2c-01718e652fba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1887", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This entity is more aggressive than SPT-CL and patients present with ulcerations.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_072bc58d-00ec-41e7-b98b-60cc01338fe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1888", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of pilomatricoma, a sharply demarcated dermal tumor often surrounded by connective tissue capsule.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1889", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a variant of IgA, HSP in children, characterized by urticarial nodular lesions on the face and lymphocytic infiltrate clinically.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_5b353d50-2408-4187-a198-fe33a3bb24d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1890", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in determining the origin and type of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms.", "image_path": "hVk10I2a0aI_image_5352d11b-a66c-4978-a61c-cc3fea156679.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1891", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An area of the nevus sebaceous started to grow, crust, and bleed, leading to concern for cancer.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_cb3aced7-024e-4384-82ec-0c751ae425be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1892", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Rokitansky-Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are accompanied by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates.", "image_path": "Af3bhbUyU-k_image_545182ce-5a00-4b82-924a-b67d3f358beb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1893", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "One of the diagnoses was pigmented actinic keratosis with nuclear atypia and increased pigmentation in the lower two-thirds of the epidermis.", "image_path": "I4Sukev6M1Q_image_e7fca2bf-9b8f-47fe-86d1-879c2a2fdf0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1894", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1895", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Edema related to neural degeneration", "image_path": "IrsvNpaV2Lk_image_b6f70427-0a8a-49db-b545-de1138514c2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1896", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being described is epithelial tissue, with a simple cuboidal epithelium having cube-shaped cells with oval nuclei and a single row of nuclei. The space inside the tissue is called a lumen.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_196e2253-b47b-425f-95d0-4f479f193ea4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1897", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with ectatic and staghorn vessels.", "image_path": "KbDdfoNr99k_image_3cf7ed27-4690-448d-9ff0-c2ac019e6979.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1898", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acini are responsible for secretion of enzymes in response to the detection of amino acids within the small intestine and the release of CCK, cholecystokinin.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_60a59462-c259-4899-9069-a1f48c4ec508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1899", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of melanocytes with evacuated or reticular cytoplasm and retraction artifact or lacuni shape of the cells.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_511898f7-c479-4ca4-9c4b-62117de6593f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1900", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subtle changes in collagen pattern or density or texture can be important clues for different diagnoses.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_bcc240d4-ced4-4aa9-9520-ca6bbd36098b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1901", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue that separates axons and contains endoneurial fluid to protect neurons.", "image_path": "Bb8VhrGlRO0_image_913cdc90-2455-490b-bfe6-ac2989b6693c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1902", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1903", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Talon noir is a condition that causes dark lesions on the heel or other sites, which can be mistaken for melanoma.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_4e8e007b-53d9-47d3-a531-7e89720150b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1904", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deposition of eosinophilic amyloid between tumor cells.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_5126073d-4770-45e5-8c25-19c182409e4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1905", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Most interstitial GA does not have eosinophils.", "image_path": "ACf82F7avdo_image_b13555e5-436c-4937-9d6b-54e02ea3e9d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1906", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the muscularis of the urinary bladder consisting of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle fibers.", "image_path": "pMtmlZ37r7M_image_678d6ad7-06c6-490e-984d-a88e8d6cf773.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1907", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic hyaline globules can be seen with microcystic reticular pattern and are commonly seen with yolk sac tumor.", "image_path": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1908", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of proteoglycan molecules in hyaline cartilage, with intense basophilia stain around the lacuna where chondrocytes are enclosed.", "image_path": "RszaMiqStnM_image_23569d9c-9844-4263-837d-1bea476bfa01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1909", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The clear mucin suggests antrum mucosa.", "image_path": "5PjDcGH2okQ_image_db99216d-d51d-4f15-8cac-cb1c38ee6693.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1910", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells appear slightly more hyperchromatic with increased crowding of the glands.", "image_path": "F-8Y6p4SxBg_image_01e732be-ff32-40ac-b4fd-82a108e54643.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1911", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Single portal tract fibrosis may be lost due to steatosis or damage with inflammatory cells present.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1912", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other cells including oncocytic-type cells and canalicular/ductal cells are also present.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_8d79cdd7-dd65-47d4-9ee0-dba6a6416bf5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1913", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of follicular-like structures with clear fluid and myxoid cells.", "image_path": "3-VGRY72ENk_image_c1cf3f5e-757e-4858-ab11-75625cd591d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1914", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of hepatic lobules and their arrangement around a centri-lobular venule (central vein).", "image_path": "NGJM4-Lhbec_image_c9ef33b4-0cb9-45f2-949a-d4d925a60807.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1915", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulomatous inflammatory reaction observed with a foreign body reaction in the skin.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_4526970b-aaf4-427c-a764-227088995e20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1916", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD99 may be used in the workup of Ewing sarcoma, but molecular testing is usually necessary.", "image_path": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_05343304-3b9c-42be-8d78-2d32e118ab1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1917", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa in this case is ciliated columnar.", "image_path": "xtTRF1UI2HU_image_d13c11ed-a141-401a-93f7-f4fd9266dc9b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1918", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is more likely to be a xanthogranuloma because it was found on the trunk, rather than on the palm, sole, or hand.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_c171b615-31cb-4fb6-83bd-8d3f9ac1aa0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1919", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous cell carcinoma in situ can present as small papules on the mucous membrane resembling lichen planus.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_013affca-44cc-41c5-9b86-cae9bdd976b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1920", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor appearing in deeper level of core needle biopsy than previously seen.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1921", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphoid aggregates indicating poor prognosis.", "image_path": "Twza0XocchI_image_03262637-396c-4332-afd8-0b84818ec339.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1922", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_4f647c67-f76c-4e4e-8e28-3e2b9f035913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1923", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophilic intra-microabscesses within the epidermis is a classic feature of pemphigus vegetans.", "image_path": "f5XH30KpJAM_image_05e2fc0b-5632-4421-bf86-104582b4abf1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1924", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a fibrotic disorder with deep involvement that goes down to the fascia.", "image_path": "dTr3MNl1FxE_image_c54e9a8d-9348-456a-9645-3b8921eb0b79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1925", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reactions associated with Hansen's disease include erythema nodosum leprosum and reversal reactions.", "image_path": "Qy0sDJIrqYM_image_e2de689a-f7df-4b58-ba98-4539a286f6c7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1926", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the variability in appearance of xanthogranulomas, which can range from foamy histiocytes with touton giant cells and Eos to fibrotic lesions with more collagen and fibroblasts. Some xanthogranulomas may have no eosinophils or multinucleated giant cells, and can resemble mastocytomas in early stages.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_877987b1-3dc0-4611-808d-38c1e5050ea1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1927", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Retractions in follicularblastoma are stroma to stroma, while in basal cell carcinoma they are between tumor and stroma.", "image_path": "AlG3kBN-OPE_image_c8e8b194-96bd-490f-911d-6177a5de2cc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1928", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sparse infiltrate seen in an ID reaction or spongiotic drug eruption.", "image_path": "JgN6S1onfSk_image_ab9cf27c-cfc2-43e6-bdda-44542d0c1132.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1929", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is an acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_673ba133-363c-463c-92fd-dd62fb63a5eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1930", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "According to the WHO 5th edition, these tumors have a predilection for the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and head and neck, and are more common in children and young adults.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_7d5dc987-d63b-4798-ac0b-851341f9b5d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1931", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiform change with vacuolization seen in some cells in the neuro pill and cell body of neurons, which is a classical pathognomonic feature of prion diseases.", "image_path": "uvlcvGmqx0g_image_65da9a4f-c258-4524-bbcd-d27a0048d961.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1932", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to have benign adipose tissue as a component.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_f0fe3194-de39-45e4-9f30-923056a085d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1933", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A deep biopsy, such as a double punch or ellipse, can be helpful in diagnosing these patients.", "image_path": "dJCG--OnGV8_image_585cc984-d5be-4eb4-96a4-c7e86121e103.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_1934", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Junctional mitoses are more frequently seen in melanoma than in nevi.", "image_path": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_0686b0fd-749a-4b40-8699-4e9d9e0d5a7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1935", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ectatic vessels and examination of fibroblasts are also noted.", "image_path": "3TaAeTByK3M_image_2300d7ea-e676-4eb9-8259-0f09da1c1eed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1936", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are darker than usual due to the presence of granular brown pigment, which is iron.", "image_path": "FGAXkCjMHv4_image_f383546f-a39b-4b9d-9255-22d0f07e22f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1937", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Arteriole shows hyalinosis.", "image_path": "Yqz1tXU0-Mk_image_368db1f9-e47b-411d-9799-00b3c747975f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1938", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney is associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.", "image_path": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_1c7cf05a-3852-46aa-a430-d69f8ca383e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1939", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is granuloma faciale, a nodular dermatitis and form of vasculitis.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1940", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Primary spermatocytes have dark, round nuclei but are not located near the edge.", "image_path": "NbgVO967PQ0_image_13d72144-8919-437b-b0f1-177ddd1a7ec3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1941", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Longitudinal veins are visible in the adventitial tissue.", "image_path": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_fde0eb66-8d0b-4a97-9e6b-80942d04beff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1942", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The material seen in the image is from a steroid injection, which contains lipid-based droplets that wash out during processing.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_a3783404-23a3-420d-9013-b9dc46be4f30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1943", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of a Spitz nevus, including bridging between nests and pigmentation.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_d0e29817-4fae-480b-a94c-d0d867428e6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1944", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Type 3 crescentic glomerulonephritis is postimmune.", "image_path": "ezlSFk1Gsz4_image_f4a1d042-27da-43bd-92ab-edf026287d1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1945", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bronchus has seromucous glands in the submucosa, similar to the trachea.", "image_path": "K3ExfNPBVwc_image_fa586f32-9c6d-455e-a2bd-5986475e0aad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_1946", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atretic follicles may still have an antrum depending on the stage of atresia.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1947", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of dysplastic melanoma and the use of Sox or S-100 markers to differentiate it from other types of melanoma.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_1ae72514-90d7-4695-ab88-2afddb464a4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1948", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is myxoid chondrosarcoma.", "image_path": "AzMkx7u2-qA_image_826e5856-ead1-4ed8-87af-469bc56dfc02.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1949", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DFSP rarely metastasizes but has a high tendency for recurrence and requires wide local excision or MOHS.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_381d3d9c-0dd2-4778-9cba-59d32ed31efc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1950", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphoid aggregates and eosinophils in the observed lesions.", "image_path": "iTW7o0pqg3M_image_d131d6c3-934c-40c5-a899-7bcc76f0e2c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1951", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1952", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is well demarcated from the surrounding parathyroid tissue.", "image_path": "crwGfnWKEZ8_image_eb4e73e1-db5a-43ed-8bc3-2265b2bac895.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1953", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the spleen as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in the human body, located in the abdominal cavity under the left part of the diaphragm.", "image_path": "RZCejVnirAo_image_f8ecf050-14b6-4014-92bb-501d3272333e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Renal', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_1954", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is present in case 35.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_a0322c18-d811-4a03-8e8c-c4b6e54e03a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1955", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteoblastomas can be mistaken for osteoid osteomas, but are larger and lack a peripheral zone of lucency. They may behave aggressively and cause local destruction.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_94737570-7f4e-43b5-8fd7-a545881b737e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1956", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glomerular changes in chronic pyelonephritis include periglomerular fibrosis and sclerosis of the glomerular.", "image_path": "hJSfEAQkaBM_image_3f693a68-0d52-4250-9d83-4285379b0841.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1957", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a traumatized capillary hemangioma or cherry angioma with fibrin in the blood vessels and extravasated erythrocytes.", "image_path": "0YHoUhRavQQ_image_47e4f773-c995-4589-964b-655e4aa8fdfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1958", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The inflammatory cells constituting the lamina propria are mainly composed of plasma cells.", "image_path": "2Ygx3i75OSw_image_5d0bf7e1-8be4-4e6d-b37d-84cb531aa658.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1959", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanin in the nail plate is not normal and can be a clue for melanoma.", "image_path": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_1cd60be6-0c52-4ded-820c-0fdfcfce6ff5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1960", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils climbing up and within the epidermis are a clue to a blistering disorder, with more eosinophils present in the urticarial stage of a blistering disorder than in allergic contact dermatitis.", "image_path": "1H80iJfl654_image_2b1179d1-acfd-4242-abf2-1dbba9e786ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1961", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cautious approach is recommended for big cysts close to the skin surface, particularly in sun-damaged extremities like dorsal hand or forearm, to rule out cystic squamousous or keratoacanthoma.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_ae362c77-e9f5-4144-8886-ff0f2329e2e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1962", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cardiac muscle tissue makes up the myocardium of the heart and its contraction is rhythmical without voluntary control.", "image_path": "_tw-9fknvIM_image_e2620406-486c-4922-a834-e2c47f9275a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Smooth muscle', 'Skeletal muscle']", "id": "train_1963", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No intestinal metaplasia is observed.", "image_path": "_ErdjufhC8A_image_bec8aa58-0f72-4e4a-9e71-cd58bfd19643.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1964", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lack of maturation is apparent in the architecture of the nevus.", "image_path": "iV3qNkfxo1A_image_694e70a1-40dd-40b6-810b-7015b8d4b712.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1965", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pleomorphism, increased nuclear size, hyperchromasia, and increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio.", "image_path": "7J4ECdXodRU_image_b87d2916-2b0c-4a5d-9a8d-d9f7c04c237e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1966", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eruptive xanthomas can be excluded based on morphology.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1967", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of plasma cells in dermis, but not forming a lesion, suggests dermal plasmacytosis. Lesion shows fibrotic papillae, telangiectasia, and acanthosis.", "image_path": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_64dc3a24-7aee-493a-a13e-c9f9cafeb428.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1968", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Increased number of blood vessels located closer to the epidermis.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1969", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of single-file arrangement of erythrocytes, hemosiderin, and plasma cells may indicate chronic red blood cell degeneration.", "image_path": "GO0Mv9tHcjk_image_3a0813fb-8100-40b7-98bc-676107501a9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_1970", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes CNH, relapsing polychondritis, weathering nodules of the ear, and cartilaginous tumor.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1971", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Unique pattern of cells running in short fascicles or small clusters with collagen in between.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_09aaf58f-607d-4db1-8103-91e32314206d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1972", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of large capillary tufts throughout the dermis, resembling cannonballs, which is characteristic of tufted angiomas.", "image_path": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_9a50a9b4-b1a5-4343-9f67-a895a5da8749.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1973", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is calciphylaxis, which is associated with protein C and protein S deficiency and can cause thrombosis in blood vessels.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_870b0536-86fa-4aeb-ab8c-cba391019bd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1974", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of matrix mineralization and mitotic activity in the chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma, indicating a more aggressive tumor with a worse prognosis.", "image_path": "2C-PtJKYaDU_image_ad5c156d-6012-4a5f-9cf0-dd8dcc2a0a1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1975", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation may be slight and perivascular elements may be missing.", "image_path": "mpv_X0hA-gc_image_a0e946d5-f0b5-4b98-8278-1dcad8be873d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1976", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is a borderline tumor with micropapillary features that requires further evaluation.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_03c3605d-2abb-41c3-b2b4-c1d31218ce3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1977", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Verocay bodies may not be present in some schwannomas.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_cbf97e54-f8ed-4442-b168-3623365f1274.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_1978", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The earliest stage of nevus recurrence tends to be the intra-epidermal component.", "image_path": "NcTPZB3YnXQ_image_7ace97e9-57a4-4b78-b064-a02b2f138c31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1979", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cilia are present in the tissue section with fibrosis, inflammation, and alveolar macrophages.", "image_path": "fMfJ6Hvs8og_image_beff3d29-5bfd-4a7b-afdc-a8d63ebbcf1d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1980", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_7787d91a-2627-4fc6-b319-fea8f887f1bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_1981", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD21 highlights predominantly diffuse architecture with a nodular pattern in NLP-HL.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_d3551d8e-316c-4867-83be-a6b25d20d55e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1982", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has disseminated cancer with multiple nodules and possible lesions in the lymph nodes, liver, or heart.", "image_path": "B_7-nhLakf4_image_25aa3e9d-7ea5-4c31-94e1-b42394bbbbe0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1983", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are nodules with a spillover of LP cells into adjacent spaces, causing mottling beyond the nodules.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_c0a23876-749e-419b-b0ee-bf8f20c9ac6b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_1984", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Physical description of a pink stroma separating the tumor from the rest of the dermis, which is a clue for follicular neoplasia.", "image_path": "wQlreSbY79g_image_33263172-9728-4e6c-ae5b-1b032144f145.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1985", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic cytoplasm with a ring of nuclei around the outside is a relatively characteristic finding for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_d8bd8b4e-79c8-4b04-b31b-083e3f38899b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1986", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes on the back tend to coalesce with effacement of the epidermal resia, but this does not necessarily indicate melanoma.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1987", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The blood-testis barrier isolates stem cells from luminal compartment cells to prevent attack by the immune system.", "image_path": "PV5ADdZ3PMg_image_dbea52cf-5f8a-4eb8-a2b0-434cfa6e2508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1988", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basal cell tumors can sometimes be misdiagnosed as dermatofibromas.", "image_path": "JDQHlSnTDyg_image_0a6ac36d-ed1f-4b64-a7a1-8035a2e33f91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1989", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CK818 will be normal in acute hepatitis with ballooning degeneration.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_1990", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_ddb60f64-b0bb-4d43-8efb-a4b6bc693032.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1991", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a net-like or fenestrated pattern with elongated thin branches stretching down from the epidermis and interconnecting together.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_9bde37f9-1249-4d07-a269-7c142eeeb908.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1992", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of subepidermal blister on top of melanoma, indicating bullous melanoma.", "image_path": "Twza0XocchI_image_03262637-396c-4332-afd8-0b84818ec339.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_1993", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of rhabdomyoblast-like cells in the case.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_796c00f6-3e96-42ac-8a35-76ff4551a482.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_1994", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic activity alone is not a reliable indicator of malignancy.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_d2947829-c54b-450c-a346-35597745e600.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_1995", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis observed.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_47dfc5be-a8f3-46cd-84db-03f71f231df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_1996", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The punch biopsy shows normal epidermis and dermis, but with dark/black areas in the perineural and perivascular regions. The nature of these areas is uncertain, and could be either inflammatory or neoplastic.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_6c3e5ba4-2c66-4cbd-b47c-fc390fdfff06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_1997", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dying keratinocytes are characteristic of this lesion and can help confirm the diagnosis of lichen planus-like vaginitis.", "image_path": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_c374ca1e-1fda-4743-8eb2-d277e99409da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_1998", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epineurium surrounds all of the fascicles of a nerve, while the perineurium surrounds individual fascicles.", "image_path": "78jBxFqhd_E_image_6d6a167f-c38c-4e16-9069-4467e9993bcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_1999", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lymphatic nodule occupies a considerable portion of the submucosa.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_febefb07-f803-495b-991e-bed2a89025ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2000", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section.", "image_path": "LP5rxqtCm7c_image_61e9c6b6-0c8a-4a77-ae58-878a729e5635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2001", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Goodpasture syndrome is associated with type 1 crescentic glomerulonephritis.", "image_path": "ezlSFk1Gsz4_image_f4a1d042-27da-43bd-92ab-edf026287d1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2002", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell tumors do not have solid nested growth like this and tend to form glandular spaces or have tubulocystic patterns.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_1636e728-d1e4-4e88-ae5e-1ccef53510d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2003", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of vacuolar change and necrotic keratinocytes in a biopsy specimen.", "image_path": "W7mjj8jIhuM_image_5d2c95d0-d9e0-424b-bbd8-4249196f4a01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2004", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphomas with centrocytes are better differentiated.", "image_path": "HeznQc_EwXQ_image_6b74eaa1-00f7-4a7d-9abd-b10b3b51a2b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2005", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Active synthesis of thyroglobulin in some thyroid follicular cells.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_1ccfbcd8-7489-4c02-a6ec-73da942f8615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2006", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The differential diagnosis for a benign lesion in this case includes epidermal cyst or sebaceous cyst.", "image_path": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_3243f126-9fd4-4fc5-9341-bd43d293a36b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2007", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "H3K27M mutant is positive in tumor nuclei.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32b5b5df-07c8-4533-88d0-7bcef1e2b79f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2008", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The punch biopsy shows a central indentation with reactive cells around it, and the epidermis appears candidotic, suggesting an inflammatory response to something foreign.", "image_path": "RqLgYu9k4Sc_image_ec817a98-fe03-44fa-aa9f-5fdb9d0cd347.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2009", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphoid nodules and follicles associated with the PALS.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_d7a24a68-1497-42aa-909a-5fce44ecb380.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2010", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the sample.", "image_path": "lutlNGVXViU_image_700c79ba-bb59-43b9-9a1c-cd331f1b8a9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2011", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has a sclerotic pattern and is not encapsulated.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_c420ec13-4ea9-4900-a611-3cef5cdd19e0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2012", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sessile serrated adenomas are serrated polyps with serrations that extend almost all the way down to their dilated deep portions of the glands, and some people describe them as T-shaped or Boots.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_29266e69-1940-4a4e-97da-82d44295e702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2013", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Central artery is related to the white pulp and surrounded by the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS).", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_d7a24a68-1497-42aa-909a-5fce44ecb380.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2014", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Signet ring cell carcinomas can also present as primary disease in the duodenum and masquerade as other disorders.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_9cb7257a-18c8-4abd-8a9c-b6b570c3954d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2015", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Circular structures are lined by simple squamous epithelium.", "image_path": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_b9a1aa9a-8703-4d45-8eb9-826b01c3befb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2016", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of granulomatous inflammation in the lung with interspersed granulomas between alveoli.", "image_path": "l7sk00AOfb0_image_0e44c66e-bb15-4d53-8821-70d429212b8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2017", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bowen's disease can mimic or overlap with adnexal carcinoma.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_75c6348a-6b50-43af-8c90-efa64020216e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2018", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be a tubulovillous adenoma with villous projections making up more than a quarter of the lesion.", "image_path": "KO291SXq44U_image_edf1ad2d-f598-4128-94df-b7133c55df8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2019", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PAS stain highlights hypercellularity within the mesangium.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2020", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical hyperplasia in the area looks more like ductal carcinoma in situ, but isn't sufficient enough to qualify for that designation.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_b9347d43-4e4a-4737-a2a5-4d880b9e7d22.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2021", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous cell carcinoma is commonly located in the central part of the lung and is associated with smoking.", "image_path": "8El0TyzAyGk_image_f44e1ad9-eaa1-4065-99d6-785e10ce445b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2022", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Usual interstitial pneumonia with fibroblastic foci and areas of uninvolved lung, which has a poor prognosis and typically affects male patients around the age of 65 years old.", "image_path": "wbwZNFc-81E_image_10ce7bb1-d8f7-4fe0-9bc5-a022bb0994b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2023", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibroma of tendon sheath is recognizable as a big, oval mass of cells forming ropey collagen and uniform gray, round, plump fibroblast nuclei.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_5cb247b9-fb08-46b3-9a21-85f8234efe9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2024", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a pagitoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ, characterized by atypical cells skipping around inside the normal pattern of intercellular bridges. The basal layer seems to be spared, giving an eyeliner look, which is different from actinic keratoses.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_da7561cb-6b23-4fc5-930b-c25989fd4cbf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2025", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Leukocyte extravasation, lymphocytes, and neutrophils can be seen in the cells.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_94036942-c75f-465a-9366-48eb68c5a820.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2026", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratin-derived amyloid can be found in cutaneous amyloidosis and lichen amyloidosis, which are reactive/inflammatory dermatoses with papillary dermal amyloid deposition.", "image_path": "lrnBBxJbQfI_image_529644de-6f33-4ccd-8d8a-7ce1d57ef5dc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2027", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power.", "image_path": "cozARb39Jl0_image_82808afb-2dc7-4d9c-8f74-5d0c14ed166f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2028", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst has a double layer of cuboidal cells, which is a rare feature in the body.", "image_path": "uG44rG8mqtc_image_d531be57-e3be-4bd2-9403-5807a1b2f56f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2029", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Muscular or distributing arteries are characterized by the dominance of smooth muscle in the media wall.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_0568e502-75b2-40c3-8b36-e99a044880b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2030", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst has a characteristic stroma with some degree of proliferation.", "image_path": "TtDybWR85jg_image_c7918470-f603-4018-96bc-114da3845a26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2031", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor islands have basophilic cells and shadow cells with distinct border and central nuclear shadow, often small round eosinophilic centers of ruptured keratinization.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2032", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "STAT6 may be helpful in differentiating myositis ossificans from osteosarcoma based on zonation and degree of atypia and pleomorphism.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2033", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immune complex mediated process is not observed.", "image_path": "Yqz1tXU0-Mk_image_368db1f9-e47b-411d-9799-00b3c747975f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2034", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of a high-grade sarcoma in the retroperitoneum, with dedifferentiated liposarcoma being the most common type.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_ed91e7da-3e59-40c7-afcd-6e136c67cd65.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2035", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes melanoma in situ, but this is unlikely due to the absence of pagetoid spread, abnormal mitotic activity, and invasive dermal component.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_d0e29817-4fae-480b-a94c-d0d867428e6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2036", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A well-circumscribed and symmetric neoplasm that is large and extends into the subcutis.", "image_path": "AlG3kBN-OPE_image_072324a4-6807-463c-bf97-4e36eeee72b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2037", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of small gland uniform with ductal differentiation and sweat in dermal duct tumor.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_357ddbaa-b5e5-42d9-97cc-53eca8d27624.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2038", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows a lesion with three components: mature adipocytes, large bands of fibrous tissue, and a proliferation of mesenchyme.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_4bf7eb2f-4cd2-4506-8e53-d703ab176a42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2039", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pigmented airspace macrophages with interstitial thickening.", "image_path": "SnTbrq_wfnc_image_485895ec-5123-47fe-a39c-fbbbe289a9a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2040", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The IPMN is a low-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_42289c2d-dac2-4f06-935f-740792f2608c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2041", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Banding can be observed in skeletal muscle fibers, usually A and I banding, but in some cases, a remnant of the Z line can be seen bisecting the I band.", "image_path": "W21c4Oc2nBU_image_f529e075-a439-4ea2-8b13-c170580a04e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Cardiac', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2042", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of various structures including capillaries, endothelial cells, fat cells, smooth muscle, arterioles, intima, media, and adventitial tissue.", "image_path": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_04db2c5e-7344-4266-bd63-1388155ab51e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2043", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is at least a borderline phyllodes tumor based on stromal cellularity and atypia.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_214032dc-dd9b-4d5d-85c7-0e98f29437d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2044", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathology shows vertical dense collagen bundles and bland fibroblasts.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2045", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A rheumatoid nodule is present around the outside of the cystic space, which is commonly seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.", "image_path": "TrqUuxBfLNs_image_ee145ef4-f68c-4182-95ca-5ef44b2194e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2046", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In lupus, cells are typically CD4 positive and KI67 should not be high.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_56e91a01-c867-4a6c-9dd4-7e768af3f0f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2047", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dark laminated structures called laminated bodies or myelin bodies characterize type 2 pneumocyte because of the presence of surfactant.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_37913d1a-8c16-4eda-8694-f848888b5a25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2048", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The traditional serrated adenoma is the one serrated polyp that is not a hyperplastic polyp and is typically found in the rectal sigmoid.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_2caa3036-c57d-4d3b-92ea-e90030ccfb04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2049", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is at least a borderline phyllodes tumor based on stromal cellularity and atypia.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_214032dc-dd9b-4d5d-85c7-0e98f29437d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2050", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are non-epithelial and bone marrow-derived, suggesting a lymphoid malignancy such as lymphoma.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_4e7d1dcf-dc93-42f8-a814-b74c2d11a9a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2051", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a skin lesion with bulb-like down growths from the epidermis, characteristic of a solar lentigo.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_0f1a3ca3-a8ff-48de-94c5-bd2d44a888df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2052", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of accessory salivary glands in the oral region.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_8280f78d-275a-40b4-8613-4799d2118f0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2053", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of basaloid cells with cystic structures and a fibrous stroma is indicative of trichoepithelioma.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_f490998f-b4d2-4c8e-9655-6bc05f89a18e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2054", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pale myxoid stroma is present.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_2491af44-0685-4ac2-9bf6-9f4480ca64fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2055", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas are giant atypical fibrous xanthomas and tend to behave more aggressively.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_d01c904b-b80f-497f-bb3e-3eb900343319.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2056", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of plasma cells in the sample.", "image_path": "vkGkucnTMFs_image_c22a07f3-9cae-4e38-9152-219e262e3c8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2057", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "One example of apocrine carcinoma and one squamous cell carcinoma seen in adults with longstanding nevus sebaceous.", "image_path": "d2b8-nMGXKA_image_8a387809-db21-4237-9c99-d9358df55277.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2058", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histological appearance of eccrine sweat ducts is described.", "image_path": "9iz60FHyl3o_image_0935bee2-6bc5-4a10-82b7-a1a7b68672f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2059", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of large numbers of relatively large hair shafts in dermoid cysts.", "image_path": "uQz6g7qXuUc_image_a5b78b1e-fe16-49d6-a115-260ca776fda4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2060", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion.", "image_path": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2061", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The architecture of the normal lymph node is completely obliterated.", "image_path": "ViwWiD9ydck_image_9870a2b0-b56c-43a7-88a7-aff35cf747d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Lymphoma', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2062", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor developed at the edge of a nerve twig, with a proliferation of schwann cells.", "image_path": "dwKK8Hq92oA_image_cc700502-331c-40da-8f70-7849392203c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2063", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histologically, a low grade malignancy like low grade chondrosarcoma with a biphasic or high grade area adjacent to or surrounding the lesion is observed.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_330b933d-931f-4911-9dc6-e059f633871d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2064", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Phagic markers LC3 and P62 are useful in diagnosing immune mediated necrotizing myopathy.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_7cea38f2-d38e-4b84-9f26-cb5d244d41ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2065", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nodule is benign cartilage with no glands or epithelial structures.", "image_path": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_3e006818-6080-4814-aa62-7030cce3b8cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2066", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular inflammation is present.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_2067", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic figures are expected in a growing nevus, but abnormal forms and mitotic figures at the depth of the lesion are concerning.", "image_path": "NvuL-p5VoL0_image_e8b5373c-0ee9-4bf4-ba48-01adce3556c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2068", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic tricholemmoma is a benign lesion that can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma or other more serious conditions.", "image_path": "ILTGpteOCmA_image_45c8e4cb-615d-438f-a34c-47b0fe7ef264.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2069", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle cell proliferation involving the lamina propria, with extravasated red blood cells and possible highland globules, which are buzzwords for the diagnosis of a condition that may involve HHV8.", "image_path": "v11BlQzjvBI_image_62832c84-4d57-409d-a2b9-65f5afce6678.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2070", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section shows pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the trachea.", "image_path": "YUFOqDHTC9Q_image_cce0f119-7e1f-433a-b236-c4b95495d3bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2071", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Paucicellular sample with lymphocytes that have small compact nuclei and little cytoplasm.", "image_path": "5NXFXeNbOKA_image_8610d690-1ca8-4350-ac20-4b61ed4b0e4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2072", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, and few degenerate neutrophils, as well as edema, fibrin deposit, and scattered reactive fibroblasts with fibrous is present.", "image_path": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2073", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphological characteristics can be used to distinguish between clinical lupus panniculitis and SPTCL.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_56e91a01-c867-4a6c-9dd4-7e768af3f0f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2074", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic picture of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is palisading or peripheral palisading pattern with comedo necrosis.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_23ee495c-df7f-463e-a824-6bfd38b51f6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2075", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present.", "image_path": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2076", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Brenner tumors can be borderline or malignant, with the last stage being theoretical carcinoma.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2077", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is unrelated to epithelial hemangioendothelioma and Kaposi form hemangioendothelioma, and is an intermediate tumor with different morphologic features.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_70e78956-285b-4f12-869e-9ca35befc5a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2078", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to their pleomorphism and atypical mitoses, or their infiltrative growth pattern.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2079", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is a sensitive stain that is positive in most conventional DFSPs but is not specific.", "image_path": "1D3MKwV4tC8_image_5bbac9fd-ad02-442a-bc49-a1a0f4c8835c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2080", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The center of the lesion is composed of loose fasciitis-like myofibroblasts, sometimes with big ganglion-like cells.", "image_path": "Wq6rQ5Karp8_image_b37e9845-b144-4a64-9228-f8e7ddc26291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2081", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epididymis is a crescent-shaped organ adjacent to the surface of the testis and is composed of several convolutions of the duct.", "image_path": "mQKXcXx05uY_image_b32877ba-cd87-4a55-9341-44d2a4ee3725.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2082", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EED can be streptococcal-induced or paraprotein-induced.", "image_path": "EpnODoPHNiI_image_6a9ec481-1fb4-4b3e-b474-1d2e0416a98d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2083", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal hyperplasia is more common in fungal infections than atypical mycobacterial infections.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_67a9bfea-b730-4ba8-aee8-a1f33f773286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2084", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator identifies a subepidermal blister and diagnoses subepidermal vesicular dermatitis.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_252abc7c-7bc0-44fa-9d6b-3d49d547decb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2085", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patchy tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are observed in the cortex.", "image_path": "Yqz1tXU0-Mk_image_368db1f9-e47b-411d-9799-00b3c747975f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2086", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intraepidermal acantholysis in a vesicular Bulla disorder, most likely caused by Ficus vulgaris.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_c55b87db-8279-4195-a502-d838298abc5a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2087", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is likely an astrocytic tumor based on ATRX positivity in internal control and negativity in tumor cells.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_63bb0c55-4f02-4a4e-9efe-d775eba72122.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2088", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance between giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and PVNS is essentially identical on high power.", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_fbee61fc-1dcf-4889-af99-5e7a3f736ad6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2089", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a raised area with epithelial proliferation.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_38dfa23e-22b4-4618-98eb-21f3894e2a90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2090", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD30 can be used to identify cells that express the membrane and perinuclear Golgi-zone.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_0d3aac95-2742-405e-98e9-6e4068a0b174.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2091", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of large cells suggests that it is not a mild lymphoma.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2092", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic neoplasm that looks like an adenocarcinoma can be confused with a primary.", "image_path": "enYtcGSWC5w_image_74738a21-c17c-4bf9-982e-d332ca2c2f8d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2093", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Alkaline phosphatase is a surrogate marker for bile duct injury.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2094", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are cube-like cells linked together in hepatic cords or plates.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_72f17612-d66a-4b2b-b206-ac83d4af92f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2095", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteoclasts are not visible in this sample.", "image_path": "e6tsGnYa1N4_image_d0712702-2638-4514-aed9-39efb656e4a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2096", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of woven bone and benign appearing osteoidblast lining makes it unlikely to be an osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_f8af2301-0c6d-4e5d-add5-b6fd38603765.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2097", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Example of a case where myoepithelial cells were misdiagnosed as melanoma due to their appearance and S100 positivity.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_6f7b5911-c5b9-4ea8-8e48-bae0df3ff3cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2098", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudolymphoma and lymphocytoma cutis are differential diagnoses that can be ruled out.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2099", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Surgeon noticed rounded nodules on the serosa during the appendectomy.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_71bba908-47df-404e-a4fd-3bb0224ded09.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2100", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphoid aggregates and plasma cells may be present in the background.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_29123119-bb9f-49cd-8218-331a206c45ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2101", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fluid secretion can lead to diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) regardless of the underlying cause.", "image_path": "mEVWMuZWxkk_image_cd0df2e7-ea64-40e2-bcfe-5ca3f680a8c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2102", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemical expression is required as an essential criteria for a definitive diagnosis.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_967fd004-0555-4cda-93bb-87a13f707f4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2103", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pilosebaceous units and eccrine units are emanating from the cystic structure.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_3ecb7c10-5b49-41b0-85a8-e2c1e4522d3a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2104", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of intracytoplasmic bile in the hepatocyte cytoplasm.", "image_path": "68Wg1EWolIs_image_e0158c0d-1493-4279-b887-75f56215242f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2105", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "STAT6 may be helpful in differentiating myositis ossificans from osteosarcoma based on zonation and degree of atypia and pleomorphism.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2106", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of cancer within the venous channel is a sign of intravasation.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2107", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure and cell types of the ductus epididymis in humans and other species.", "image_path": "-6p9M6fWjGM_image_97f7aaae-59e0-4cb4-ac80-9b78ee95b668.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2108", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic figures are generally rare in osteoblastomas.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2109", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a multinucleated giant cell and a carcinoid tumorlet with elastotic scarring in the background.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_b90299ae-2a9f-4959-9195-f2948c6a95a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2110", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Interface process with vacuolization of the basal epidermis and spongiosis, with white spaces between keratinocytes.", "image_path": "33bhpTnGe4c_image_331a1e3d-f01d-4b24-8dcd-e0be3f2816c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2111", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section is purely mesenteric in origin with variable architecture and interstitial hemorrhage. Collagenous matrix and mucinous ground substance are present.", "image_path": "HKbr3WBwspk_image_f4d2de03-8d97-4956-b0fe-28e5c5183228.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2112", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle-shaped areas in a liposarcoma indicate dedifferentiation.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_da982d8a-49d6-4d95-80cb-9a9f0dae4fd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2113", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen sections of ovarian samples are taken during surgery to determine if a tumor is a benign serous cystadenoma or a borderline serous cystadenoma. If there is definite serous cystadenoma on one side and architectural atypia on the other side, the tumor is in the borderline category. The surgeon will then explore the entire omentum to find any implants.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_6516f806-d1e8-4bce-a2a3-25b0fef7a11f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2114", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epidermis appears normal with a normal cornified layer and thickness.", "image_path": "Bmzu0oPvu9o_image_a5327ef0-b1dd-4ee7-b7dd-ca6e0da340af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2115", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acantholysis and dyskeratosis are involved in Grover’s disease and warty dyskeratoma, which are both benign processes.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_99d7ee3f-e87a-41f8-aabc-5ecb777428f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2116", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cells resembling nerves or fibrous tissue are present, some of which are undifferentiated.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_f0fe3194-de39-45e4-9f30-923056a085d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2117", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Wiry collagen fibers between the spindle cells.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_848c76d3-91d5-4205-903f-f5e6e2d7375d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2118", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presentation shows pagetoid extension of LCIS in major ducts.", "image_path": "FT_6Lesb7DU_image_eddfef17-1fce-4241-af49-82201a74edde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2119", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around axons to insulate them and allow for faster propagation of action potentials.", "image_path": "Bb8VhrGlRO0_image_913cdc90-2455-490b-bfe6-ac2989b6693c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2120", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal breast ducts have an epithelial layer and a myoepithelial layer.", "image_path": "oeIMRe5qtNQ_image_c232104f-ba51-465e-97cd-47f25bf34c86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2121", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of granular cell tumor with pinkish, granular cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei, and no mitoses or atypical features. Differentiation of these lesions used to be thought of as muscle tumors, but now they are categorized as Shawanian.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_4be5d1b2-11b5-4a0d-aae3-e53e99eafccb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2122", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical cells of varying sizes, including popcorn cells with cleaved nuclear contour and vesicular nucleus with pinpoint nucleoli.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_5cce3300-83d0-426f-b4f3-5924af9f2cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2123", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of segmental necrotizing lesion in a portion of the glomerulus.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_d9673263-da15-4c74-982b-d43a2fb44a84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2124", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Moderate lymphoid inflammatory cells are present in the interstitium.", "image_path": "S_5-xb2d8-0_image_fb60a031-379d-41bb-9ca7-a0e2ada31af3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2125", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comedo DCIS in squamous lined organs suggests basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_23ee495c-df7f-463e-a824-6bfd38b51f6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2126", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The histopathology shows effacement of the architecture of the parenchyma, with cells resembling clear cells, mononuclear Hodgkin cells, and binuclear cells with prominent nucleoli, consistent with Hodgkin-R-S-Sternberg cells.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_87f95197-a6be-48a1-8b62-c0142ca19291.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2127", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tuberous xanthoma is a large sheet of xanthoma cells with variable amounts of fibrosis that tend to arise in extensor elbow and knee sites and are often associated with lipid abnormalities.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2128", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myoepithelial neoplasms can also show cords and chains in a myxoid background, and may be difficult to distinguish from chordoma without immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_f8bf4347-82ca-4cb9-aa89-d0e865415bde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2129", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Section of human thyroid stained immunocytochemically to demonstrate thyroglobulin immunoreactivity.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_1ccfbcd8-7489-4c02-a6ec-73da942f8615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2130", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The vessel wall is involved with neutrophils, and there is edema and fibrinoid necrosis around the vessels.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_25e3b830-a398-4f78-bbc1-5440c39a1840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2131", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A 40-year-old female presented with an enlarging right thyroid gland lobe.", "image_path": "McU454sFb1g_image_97491b4e-6fa3-468f-b36c-bdf90d7994d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2132", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be associated with mismatch repair defects and may qualify the patient for immunotherapy.", "image_path": "g8DXQ3d2bNU_image_a847bc2a-e486-467e-a71a-f030d0bfb68c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2133", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of GFAP positivity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell is a clue that the sample is neoplastic, astrocytic, rather than normal.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_1055e814-0188-46eb-9a58-6df8d07a3a6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2134", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrosis around the portal area indicating damage to the organ.", "image_path": "FGAXkCjMHv4_image_f383546f-a39b-4b9d-9255-22d0f07e22f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2135", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is obliterative phlebitis, but no classic store-of-home fibrosis.", "image_path": "0oj1ckEA-_g_image_5f39efac-56f0-4dc9-b8cb-8bcf19e983e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2136", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory process is taking place in the liver with white blood cells seen in the inflammatory infiltrate.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_0eb7e9e1-db71-43a4-931f-df22f46b4df3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2137", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytodiagnosis should only be given as provisional and confirmed by histopathology.", "image_path": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_3243f126-9fd4-4fc5-9341-bd43d293a36b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2138", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense diffuse infiltrate in the lower part of the dermis with granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "ncfRZXKzI4c_image_2fec6f93-45f6-4b3c-8c32-7fce0294327e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2139", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of a Spitz nevus, including bridging between nests and pigmentation.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_a32cf8c2-04c7-4739-81f9-122be5d1b6cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2140", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophils can be seen migrating through venial endothelium cells.", "image_path": "9t-6uwDU9Yg_image_d52e026c-7c55-4a1c-b929-ca97458fc626.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2141", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lipofuscin pigment is seen in cardiomyocytes and is composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion.", "image_path": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2142", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrate around the superficial dermal vessels", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2143", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The serous cells of von Ebner glands have a round nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm due to the presence of zymogenic granules.", "image_path": "DSQf_ydB-6M_image_509ff44f-0b99-432f-9d4e-64513a16ce04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2144", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Blood flow is directed from the center to periphery, and bile from periphery to the center.", "image_path": "2SWcVwM_pt8_image_1bac59ab-7233-4d1f-a21c-5592a6f941dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2145", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of accessory salivary glands in the oral region.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_8280f78d-275a-40b4-8613-4799d2118f0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2146", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands are located in the submucosa and have ducts that run through the muscularis mucosae and lamina propria onto the surface.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_ffe7762e-267b-40d2-928e-7e09bce5048a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2147", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intracytoplasmic lumen formation suggests squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2148", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocellular cholestasis is characterized by bile within hepatocytes and canalicular spaces with generalized hepatocellular injury.", "image_path": "68Wg1EWolIs_image_e0158c0d-1493-4279-b887-75f56215242f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2149", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_41203ec2-0ddb-459a-862a-1721a3a749c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2150", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells within the cytoplasm of some cells, known as emperipolesis.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2151", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible clear cell variant or lipid steatotic tumor, but hepatocytes are not enlarged or variable, suggesting glycogen-rich normal liver.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_76494a49-5e02-4c9b-8a54-23f6ae4ac3d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2152", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2153", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation is present between the knuckles in lupus, sparing the skin directly over the joints.", "image_path": "AdYfhpAUWhU_image_71e8b775-62f9-41b9-b5c7-0313f7cf9efb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Rheumatology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2154", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in drawing a line where the basal layer of the epidermis or basal membrane is present indicates interface dermatitis.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_1779338b-85e9-480a-92e3-ebd042d4926e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2155", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratin pearls are characterized by dense and tightly packed keratin and the presence of nuclei.", "image_path": "UzNnBfo3mhQ_image_3db9177a-72aa-4134-b740-fabfb2971aa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2156", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_bd3975cc-8d2a-43c5-8d56-669034e955b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2157", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of Giardiasis acquired through contaminated water.", "image_path": "mAvk7abUR9s_image_12a1e9df-9221-45ab-ba5e-24c68d4eaac0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_2158", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophils within the infiltrate.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_3ace7236-b250-4689-bfcc-8ebbbe2f5a97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2159", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular variants of papillary carcinoma and non-invasive follicular lesions with papillary-like nuclear features are essentially the same, with the difference being the presence of capsular breach or lymphovascular invasion.", "image_path": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_fd349c13-69a8-4026-bbd1-46df8083ff4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2160", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichilemmomas are predominantly sporadic but can be associated with Cowden syndrome, especially if the patient has a history of multiple trichilemmomas.", "image_path": "VG6JdaXZbvM_image_77b12984-da93-44e8-9680-0e7db89a255d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2161", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic cytoplasm with a ring of nuclei around the outside is a relatively characteristic finding for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_d8bd8b4e-79c8-4b04-b31b-083e3f38899b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2162", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The setting for these polyps is sometimes atrophic chronic gastritis.", "image_path": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_d921949c-bfa0-49d2-80a5-961ef0829580.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2163", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2164", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoblastomas may exhibit mitotic activity due to the rapid proliferation of follicle epithelium, but this does not necessarily indicate malignancy.", "image_path": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2165", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reduplicated basement membrane type material and stromal clefting are characteristic of a particular neoplasm.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_aeb55455-9a86-45b4-b1ca-ae4e7b20906f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2166", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thorough sampling is necessary to avoid missing focal high-grade changes in epithelial lesions.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_03c3605d-2abb-41c3-b2b4-c1d31218ce3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2167", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of open nuclear vesicular quality with small nucleolus and increased mitotic activity in the tumor.", "image_path": "DXUcMVwRiIo_image_3dfd355e-2c35-400d-9fcf-babddf70b4da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2168", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The integumentary system consists of the epidermis and dermis, with different layers in each region of skin.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_9a6bca9b-1746-4785-8578-243d8f024ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2169", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Haphazard arrangement of tissue with relatively well-formed small glands and no obvious basal layer.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_23e519c8-a26a-4529-a271-c49d4863ea0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2170", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor does not have Flexner-Wiener-Flexner-Wintersteiner neuroblastoma, which is usually seen in tumors from young children.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_acb49769-11d2-43ef-84ef-966944edde59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2171", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Organized lymphatic nodules can occur anywhere along the digestive tract, beginning in the esophagus.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_af2823ad-a57f-4505-8b59-dd228541197c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2172", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P53 is positive in nuclei in diffuse midline gliomas.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32b5b5df-07c8-4533-88d0-7bcef1e2b79f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2173", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histiocytes and lymphocytes are present in the sample.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_b722810b-5207-4548-ba65-a3cc2f28a9a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2174", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma is present, which may be easily missed on lower power examination.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_cbb08b10-5409-4d73-a8e9-5282ebf1955a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2175", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Protocol used is called a 1-5-12, which means 12 sections are cut and the first, fifth, and 12th are stained with HNE.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_0e8f0713-c04c-4a6f-ad01-12584875efae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2176", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synovial sarcomas can be difficult to diagnose due to their similarity to other common entities.", "image_path": "z4rYT9P5aIE_image_1fc57380-c10e-4068-9eed-736f5aacb073.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2177", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are linked together and often form rows or chains, resembling a string of pearls.", "image_path": "JKowzeT9nNg_image_0aef9c8d-d880-435e-a393-b662aa4ca9b7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2178", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy does not show microvesicles, which is not typical of atopic dermatitis.", "image_path": "iA553j_NNAc_image_9e9cfd26-fd5d-41e4-a690-f7deefcab4b2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2179", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The number of giant cells may vary depending on the stage of evolution of the lesion.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_fc2358d1-196a-4ccb-9758-93d4e570b60c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2180", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parietal cells stain acidophilic due to their high concentration of mitochondria and secrete hydrogen and chloride ions to form hydrochloric acid, leading to a decrease in pH.", "image_path": "Tz9URxvU9KI_image_51e12c78-40d4-44dd-ba7b-9e8cfa311e87.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2181", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell.", "image_path": "t311tjyl-TY_image_aece1c54-d7fd-471c-9b1b-c9ee994d8157.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Cardiac', 'Smooth tissue']", "id": "train_2182", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cuboidal nature of cells with basophilic nuclei.", "image_path": "iDVaGqPyyNE_image_cea0553a-2fbd-4a06-a2b7-fd040c02cb71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2183", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphea and Lichen Sclerosis (LS) can occur together, with reticular dermis involvement indicating morphea and papillary dermis involvement indicating LS.", "image_path": "FRc68vRHiqY_image_910324ae-6700-47c3-8baf-360b0518a664.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Lichen striatus']", "id": "train_2184", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor.", "image_path": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2185", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are six different subtypes of this condition, with this likely being the A subtype with large anaplastic-like cells.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_3dd851a7-2f4b-48cc-bc65-3afd89de1ae9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2186", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Evaluation of a poorly demarcated spindle cell neoplasm that is involving a nerve.", "image_path": "UF2WSCVdsog_image_9fec1b30-eb83-40ae-8ad7-d5626bb62ce6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2187", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclei are fairly uniform with a few being hyperchromatic, but there are no variable sizes or shapes and no mitotic layers.", "image_path": "IlOLbY-gm5A_image_d23ada6a-247a-4530-a102-d1379bcd654c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2188", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with multiple trichilemmomas may have syndromes like Cowden's.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2189", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor being discussed is a pleomorphic sarcoma.", "image_path": "TFXMbEvmClU_image_1c2f9689-3ec7-4358-8dbf-b6c4c3905455.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2190", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 immunoreactivity in phyllodes tumors, which can help differentiate them from metaplastic carcinomas and myofibroblastomas.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_f142e5f9-345b-45cf-a6b6-44587586baac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2191", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presented case is a mucormycosis meningoencephalitis.", "image_path": "un6CqeDPuH0_image_181c48a7-fa00-4d8e-8071-9e538498a0a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2192", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiosis is present, similar to lichen simplex chronicus.", "image_path": "iA553j_NNAc_image_9e9cfd26-fd5d-41e4-a690-f7deefcab4b2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2193", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Better differentiation of the stratified squamous mucosa of the oral cavity.", "image_path": "LVC4_FIEeFs_image_e74aa7ee-6efc-45e2-82e5-98dfe992d561.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2194", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcification of lymph node can occur in chronic tuberculosis lesions.", "image_path": "Q2W9px-vvxI_image_9faab088-92b5-48d0-92bd-c6abf97b9cff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2195", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the anatomy of a mature bone, including the junction between articular cartilage and mineralized cartilage, the cement line, and spongy bone.", "image_path": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_366282f1-27c8-4d36-a6ac-442beea2446a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2196", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cartilage matrix is mineralizing, and immature osteoclasts absorb the mineralized cartilage.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_57be8005-fd21-4f5d-a17f-76a775a3478a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2197", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial and mid dermis are involved, with a superficial perivascular infiltrate.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_b255d2cc-c012-44b1-a256-3df979def472.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2198", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large fibroblasts with pleomorphism and multinucleated cells with numerous normal-appearing mitotic figures may be present.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2199", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fractures and clefts within the internal root sheath are a sign of hair follicle damage.", "image_path": "tiybXk9-YGQ_image_81bd2217-945c-421b-aa39-bb5d81fe6530.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2200", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Anastomosing chords and bands of cells seen in the tumor.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_84e2ce49-bcce-4633-b6d0-b6d95e63b1e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2201", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of acquired elastotic hemangioma or angioleiomyoma or angioma, which tends to arise on sun damaged skin in middle-aged older adults and has a distinct appearance of ectatic thin walled vascular channels.", "image_path": "_SPNsagiJsg_image_1f489bc8-be9b-4c01-b555-2cd8170ed881.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2202", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis of a benign fibrous tumor versus embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "BtKAqg40uls_image_df9b7594-d8f8-4b96-9a32-8a7887a18546.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2203", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferation of connective tissue cells and neural proliferation in the stroma.", "image_path": "6QiqNCiOJcU_image_a48cd3e4-67e9-4e21-a6f5-81397ae4c24c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2204", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in additional epithelium should not be diagnosed as hyperplasia in menstrual pattern.", "image_path": "0iTQqvt0UVE_image_c9eb5884-89f7-4788-8f44-c9521af726ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2205", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is thin, ciliated, and pseudostratified with goblet cells.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_a17b3000-6985-4cc8-9a70-8c30e3ae87b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2206", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of large melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction may indicate melanoma in the nail unit.", "image_path": "M55A5InS-OU_image_4dd069a1-a1cc-42ad-ad88-860f5f5f07d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2207", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Linear granulomas with histiocytes having frothy, loose cytoplasm", "image_path": "Mj7XDi7ckIQ_image_6fb4a651-5535-4c05-9edf-cd6be255b50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2208", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are becoming intermixed and forming crib formations with nuclei not just on the basal layer, indicating increased glandular complexity.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_fb8eec4f-73b6-405a-b429-5a96d185a786.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2209", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A granulomatous inflammatory reaction is present, possibly indicating a foreign body reaction in the skin.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_061c0e6f-bf61-48f4-aebb-ffa7e6832b77.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2210", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of golden brown granules within macrophages, more in keeping with iron than melanin pigment", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2211", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The substance of the red pulp is a diffuse reticular type of tissue.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2212", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The necks of the gastric glands are primarily comprised of parietal cells with a characteristic fried egg appearance.", "image_path": "Tz9URxvU9KI_image_51e12c78-40d4-44dd-ba7b-9e8cfa311e87.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2213", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of spindle cell proliferation composed of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts with basophilic cytoplasm and collagen in between.", "image_path": "SOu3_frgxZk_image_e2bdce80-6984-4b3a-bf0d-b18fd514db03.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2214", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic features of a traditional serrated adenoma are seen.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_f5233438-2ef3-4dd7-8416-19c652738ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2215", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2216", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample contains a monocyte with abundant cytoplasm and a euchromatic nucleus surrounded by heterochromatin.", "image_path": "DuFb8A5_iD8_image_ee7350bb-8cff-407d-b11a-514aaa524494.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2217", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2218", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Elastic stain is required to identify elastic cartilage.", "image_path": "1rgtmJNLwn0_image_2a5e15e5-e045-49ce-91d6-8b4f6d3348ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2219", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Primordial and primary follicles are visible.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_1425f900-eb6d-4b5f-8921-b37a27048233.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2220", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, which is a transformation from prior pleomorphic adenoma. Carcinoma can be seen inside the tumor or associated with infiltration to adjacent structures.", "image_path": "RijxWY1pOOM_image_0fd7210a-b901-4f64-8e8c-ae95c875e97b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2221", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma annulare is a common cutaneous manifestation.", "image_path": "EYieECSi9Ew_image_c1c59ff2-310a-41a8-a58c-2337bbfbbd3c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2222", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of vasa vasorum in the outer parts of the tunica media.", "image_path": "xIGuolM39nI_image_71005c27-37e6-45ce-8f22-e1fc2ac60d90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2223", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Volkmann's canal is identified in the given image.", "image_path": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_b9377ac8-867e-4ccd-9900-9e5ec038b716.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2224", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a big lymphoid aggregate in the submucosa.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_a485063b-b66e-4d0d-9b19-164a0196c35b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2225", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Esophageal biopsy shows eosinophils and basal zone hyperplasia.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_3d6795bf-93f8-4142-afb4-fb23c53137a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2226", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphocytes and fibrous tissue in the lung, with haphazardly infiltrating glands indicating malignancy, specifically adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_41361494-674d-4d84-baf7-3be34b1afb6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2227", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other markers such as cytokeratin, vimentin, and CD10 expression may be more useful in defining the tumor as of renal origin.", "image_path": "KrHMC7I0428_image_5415afc7-bf5b-4bdd-a47e-415a0ec35b2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2228", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of intraductal papillomatosis without high-grade atypia.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_b1734c62-b3b0-41d6-9c0d-de668b9db411.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2229", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Exophytic morphology with central crater and verrucous morphology off to the side is consistent with a keratoacanthoma.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_fdc18df3-70fc-4a65-bd2f-50ce42a0ba24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2230", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myoepithelial cells are of epithelial origin but contain myofibrils and help in secretion expulsion.", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2231", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the hepatic lobule, central vein, and portal areas containing branches of the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and intralobular bile duct.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_1132b86a-e880-4073-bedb-87d7098cd5bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2232", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The colon has surface epithelium with crypts that dive down and come back up, with lamina propria in between.", "image_path": "Lo7PVzKurQo_image_6a413e8f-bb40-4d49-a41e-96b342bc8492.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2233", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the disintegration of the nucleus and the different morphological patterns it can take, including karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis.", "image_path": "a_BP6Am221o_image_56d73a3f-e77d-4e28-85d3-6e293f2bd85e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2234", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteosarcoma should be diagnosed even if there are small areas of neoplastic bone present.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2235", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous epithelium is visible with faint blue candidal hyphae, indicating candidal esophagitis.", "image_path": "Eh4_b_O7tMQ_image_231c8fff-6795-4cf0-9106-28700c4ad84b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2236", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A nodule seen during endoscopy that is predominantly neuroendocrine is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor, even if it is small in size.", "image_path": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2237", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_1b07422c-7fa9-46a0-961d-f2c3e44f3061.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2238", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratinocytes are showing ballooning degeneration, which is commonly seen in herpes simplex and liver diseases.", "image_path": "BU9bKnThRuQ_image_30be3ca6-5124-444f-bd74-93be16e4515a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2239", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is likely a melanocytic matricoma.", "image_path": "Ci76-_yj_1g_image_d2f22e22-3667-4588-a730-fa550fde16fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2240", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synovial sarcoma is one of the four tumors mentioned with uniform spindle cells, closely packed nuclei, herringbone appearance, tight intersecting fascicles, and high mitotic rate.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_30f8f965-d268-46c3-8db7-7f60860ad1e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2241", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxoid liposarcoma usually has round to oval nuclei evenly spaced in a myxoid background, while this tumor has elongated spindle nuclei and more collagen.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_ff7a83a4-7663-409a-a921-8ec230437ccd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2242", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of cancer within the venous channel is a sign of intravasation.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2243", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a wafer-like scale and normal basal ichthyoceratosis, without compact hyperkeratosis or layer horn like in dermatophyte.", "image_path": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_4bcdd4f9-5042-4be0-8dba-a624d6b628a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2244", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is usually negative in synovial sarcoma, while SFT will be strongly positive for CD34.", "image_path": "hJ6x2a0Ps6s_image_57b69f67-7e52-434f-91f4-1aeb29c1c3c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2245", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrosis is present, which is characteristic of chronic inflammation.", "image_path": "h-_JpaEMK7A_image_0177bd98-7803-4771-b42c-49966f74b0d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2246", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelial component of philodes tumor is bland and consists of myoepithelial and luminal cells.", "image_path": "7A9au9ZQa9E_image_1bc8101b-7dcc-46b5-be0b-a098c5acbcd3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2247", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The individual vascular lumens do not interconnect to make a complex network, suggesting a benign diagnosis.", "image_path": "iV3qNkfxo1A_image_0f722158-c9fc-48c9-8c30-4486451c7870.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2248", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence or absence of cartilage in the wall of an airflow structure determines whether it is called a bronchus or bronchiole.", "image_path": "U6LqEr4vVis_image_ea9dece5-0a5e-43a3-b2ec-509e6671edd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2249", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the tissue section.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_27ab4e5b-374a-4f56-9b5e-cbb97b6beac1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2250", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophilic nuclei observed in some cells, suspicious for viral cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2251", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of wavy collagen in a tissue sample is common in fibrous lesions and connective tissue, including tendon, ligament, and fascia.", "image_path": "5glY-kBjJmM_image_f788a8e1-6b44-474f-b54d-4fee3124b331.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2252", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slide shows simple cuboidal epithelium in the tubules.", "image_path": "rKHjsD0dVnY_image_79da4f08-b515-4355-9313-a8b6fc642a80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2253", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The olfactory epithelium consists of three primary cell types: smaller basal cells, sustentacular or supporting cells, and typical olfactory bipolar neurons.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_1bcab02f-da3a-4541-ad8f-0289f3c888d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2254", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Negative results for P40, keratin, and SMARCB1.", "image_path": "B_7-nhLakf4_image_760d608f-8f61-455e-8ee5-5591758fbf04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2255", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of nail plate infections caused by dematiaceous, non-dermatified mold infections and candida.", "image_path": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_a28cf114-0d64-4b06-a7c1-09118f9e979f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2256", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Staining at least one or multiple blocks is important to identify focal organisms, which may be difficult to find and clinically relevant.", "image_path": "wRCKfOVCWSI_image_18d45841-fd07-433a-9a82-8e26fb3b603f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2257", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells may be present.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_90402b3d-814f-4df8-960d-3616f687b9ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2258", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells are beginning to round up and produce complexity in the lumen, indicating abnormal glands.", "image_path": "X0dKtspwARo_image_fa276fce-d81c-405a-8cbe-9b8e886b0bb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2259", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "Tt7ozUY_9OI_image_d6710237-0e5f-48b8-bd42-61cef046f5a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2260", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of structures in a slide, including squamous epithelium, calcification, odontogenic epithelium, and a mature cystic teratoma with a Rocky-teratoma protuberance that shows hair and teeth.", "image_path": "D_2hjpwzwmY_image_7a5b63a0-f8ef-4c9d-8916-dce96e3d09a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2261", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmin is included to detect rare cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the skin.", "image_path": "uNepYtLknmk_image_f822e80a-44b5-4fc9-b5a2-1cc607af5833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2262", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smooth muscle in the dermis is indicative of genital skin.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_30ade683-6535-4398-9c3d-84e5d43b0807.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2263", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The second type is adenosquamous carcinoma, which appears more squamous in some areas and has both glandular and solid components.", "image_path": "GUsrQFV-YoE_image_bd00c95c-072f-4419-9092-6a2fbf31e069.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2264", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The muscularis externa has circular and outer longitudinal layers and contains the myenteric or Auerbach plexus.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7bc0805f-41d7-49dd-84cb-e465e12a1938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2265", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigmented fungal structures stain with PAS, GMS, and Fontana-Masson, and are a form of melanin produced by the fungi.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_b09a5af4-9449-4fb0-a326-4e97a5ce2d89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2266", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerosis is thickening and homogenization of collagen bundles with a decrease in the number of fibroblasts.", "image_path": "GFZlWYp07Is_image_f6a77deb-8536-49e0-bda6-7f0b01e5d688.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_2267", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hypergranulosis is another characteristic feature of lichen planus.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_ccc57a71-045a-419e-8805-792f4b085c4c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2268", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has pink strands of collagen and pink hyaline material surrounding individual aggregations.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_badabe6e-202e-4dfe-bb2e-97fbc57ac6ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2269", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of the arrangement of cells in a solitary fibrous tumor, which is positive for CD34.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_79a65a2c-b2d7-4ae8-b5c8-4aa5df9c483d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2270", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion likely originated in the sebaceous gland and spread onto the surface.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2271", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulomatous condition with low numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "F1SAm__cYzs_image_70adb467-b62e-4f19-bf94-9b73fdef84a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2272", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lingual tonsil located at the root of the tongue with pure mucinous salivary Weber's glands.", "image_path": "UvsVvCC0W0U_image_3d7419ca-299a-4aae-9c33-f820023340e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2273", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of follicular development and organization around the circumference of a secondary follicle.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_2a73c3c7-81cf-4dff-bf08-1d79840a4717.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2274", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These microcytic red blood cells are smaller than those seen in iron deficiency or thalassemia minor.", "image_path": "HudCpWEd5_8_image_57ed648d-7365-4355-8e6f-72bff0691de0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2275", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei.", "image_path": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2276", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dystrophy calcification occurs in areas of necrotic tumor.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2277", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of calcium in the findings is associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), which can be inherited or acquired and has been linked to the use of penicillamine, liver transplants, and other inflammatory processes.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_b433be79-dcc3-4968-b2ee-6850f8df4056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2278", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ulceration of the lesion does not necessarily indicate malignancy.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_56583177-316f-4a7e-8141-5f4cf911a306.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2279", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Actin staining is nonspecific and can lead to overdiagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "zdWFmSoouXM_image_4c45cded-80d9-45c5-a734-7aaf814b45e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2280", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Physical characteristics of the smooth muscle bundle, including its pink color and organization of spindled cells.", "image_path": "jQHPlTxpgVI_image_d852963d-0493-40f0-823b-515d1748d34a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2281", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are not atypical and there are not many mitoses seen on high power.", "image_path": "_SMJLebObwg_image_6c6d0ccc-48a0-4747-ae1e-ef384eed035b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2282", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The club cells secrete mucin or glycoprotein to support the epithelium, detoxify toxins in the inhaled air, produce surfactant-like material to prevent bronchiole collapse, protect against emphysema by inhibiting proteases that destroy elastic fibers, and may act as a stem cell for other cells in the bronchioles.", "image_path": "708OpQqoxm4_image_d8fd4cc5-6ef7-4f04-8437-847eefd83ff5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2283", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Difficulty in identifying the basal layer in a gland, especially in the presence of nuclear atypia-looking cells.", "image_path": "cjwajJVMaOM_image_43fa5ba9-a8ff-482e-b7b6-647221a5f074.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2284", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of an MPGN pattern.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_ff8af70b-48bf-480f-b229-50dae7bb7f24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2285", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign salivary tissue compressed and undergoing atrophy due to mass effect of high-grade component.", "image_path": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_ba3952cd-784d-4a70-bf6d-79bf645861ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2286", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ballooning degeneration is seen in acute hepatitis with cytoplasmic vacuolation and granular appearance.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2287", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No true thrombosis observed, and vessels are mostly large dilated vascular spaces.", "image_path": "-QoNfyal1bU_image_3ddb0fe0-2026-44f8-be44-3b4e38e27b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2288", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The renal lobule is composed of a central medullary ray and one half of the cortical labyrinth on either side.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2289", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratinization, loss of nuclei, and cell death occur as cells move towards the surface.", "image_path": "3ABjflMVDt4_image_806b005f-8c98-4edd-b696-89bb16ef1c94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2290", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Yellow plaque may require staining with keratin and CD68 to ease concerns about cell nuclei being pushed to the edge.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_9c2cc459-c4a6-4579-8e9d-a1447fd0388e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2291", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator considers lichen sclerosis and radiation dermatitis as other possibilities.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_302b4314-395b-4faf-8395-c074f8cfb414.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2292", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The submandibular salivary gland is composed of 80% serous glands and 20% mucous acinus, making it a mixed gland with a predominance of serous glands.", "image_path": "IxeCizkWXko_image_a0d60459-e805-473f-bc8d-29c53847d0d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2293", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.", "image_path": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2294", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichomalacia can cause fracturing of the internal root sheath.", "image_path": "tiybXk9-YGQ_image_81bd2217-945c-421b-aa39-bb5d81fe6530.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2295", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa has three parts: epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2296", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a retention of the granular layer underneath the sub corneal pustule.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_b9dc1333-6e60-44ee-9276-6aaba99ec308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2297", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigment can be helpful in identifying histiocytes and can be used to differentiate from scary-looking spindle and epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei and big nucleoli.", "image_path": "TQi0ey23-bM_image_0e062677-88d9-4757-81bf-e22297b8e21e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2298", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure of compact bone tissue and its components, including Haversian blood vessels, Volkmann canals, osteocytes in lacuna, and different types of bone lamellae.", "image_path": "bX29H0mqV5w_image_8dd76591-0cd5-434b-a064-7ceddbd073f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2299", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is uncertain, and may be pernio due to the location on volar skin with no follicles.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_a65599a9-2fd8-4203-a8b7-0f55fb2166c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2300", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No epidermal involvement is seen.", "image_path": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_fca92f68-1d55-4b01-b05d-f49b4aaeeeb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2301", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous epithelium is visible with faint blue candidal hyphae, indicating candidal esophagitis.", "image_path": "Eh4_b_O7tMQ_image_231c8fff-6795-4cf0-9106-28700c4ad84b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2302", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loose stellate cells and myofibroblasts are present in a nodular background of fasciitis.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_b83bdd64-c768-4bc0-9b5f-4c5ec06cfe63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2303", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Observation of a case with dense collagenous tissue and a bland-looking spindle cell lesion, which can range from benign to malignant. No clear pattern is observed.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_af0e050f-10e6-4054-aa8f-fd5904b33e2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2304", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Classic synovial sarcoma with limited pale cytoplasm and overlapping nuclei that are bland and uniform.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_848c76d3-91d5-4205-903f-f5e6e2d7375d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2305", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "55-year-old male with altered mental status and multiple lesions in cerebellum and bilateral pulmonary nodules.", "image_path": "mA9tPgm8-f8_image_cc2c0e13-24e6-4679-800d-c06b9eac1c15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2306", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular fasciitis can occur without inflammation.", "image_path": "WotdRi7uoNg_image_5a203562-f97f-4e02-9475-b15f52f9aa3c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2307", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is obliterative phlebitis, but no classic store-of-home fibrosis.", "image_path": "0oj1ckEA-_g_image_5f39efac-56f0-4dc9-b8cb-8bcf19e983e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2308", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cell type shown at the tip of the pointer is a proerythroblast.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_adc43916-5063-464c-8d0e-861161ec8621.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2309", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with EV have numerous skin lesions and a higher risk of developing cutaneous cancer.", "image_path": "iyr3D0QQMVI_image_42a120ca-d0b0-4e03-ae10-91e7f740bbd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2310", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bile from the portal lobule is drained by the interlobular bile duct in the portal triads.", "image_path": "Z2_nXBl3sUQ_image_8d2eb548-26e4-4e78-bbbf-aa35fc68efa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatobiliary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2311", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adenoid cystic carcinoma can have perineural invasion and has an adenocarcinoma-like morphology with lots of cyst-like spaces and secretory material.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_92bf0fb8-aa6e-41e6-afc8-f633c6ae57fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2312", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial.", "image_path": "1nSIh3Q6EPU_image_a4a44627-2a0c-4c37-86d1-e4745cd28d35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_2313", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fat necrosis in breast tissue can cause variation in adipocyte size due to leaky cellular membranes.", "image_path": "UHFaAtSKCSQ_image_5eea9d83-2454-4127-bc1f-0b400032d9e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2314", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular hyperplasia seen in parathyroid gland.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_4197323d-5666-4758-a352-cb1201cd593c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2315", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presparse superficial perivascular dermatitis is described.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_88d7c227-32e8-451d-bdfb-d72d0c35d40c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2316", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudoinvasion in an adenoma can have hemosiderin-laden macrophages and associated blood.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_ca799c06-8292-415d-adb9-07d04b99aecc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2317", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcifications are present in less than half of all tumor types, but are visible in this case.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_fd213fb4-a038-4936-b89b-c9001ca4e244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2318", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acquired elastotic hemangioma is a not uncommon proliferation that usually occurs on the arms or neck.", "image_path": "4prnXBarImo_image_3ffb206d-bed8-4143-ae19-04a44019d789.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2319", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of anti-GBM disease with staining patterns on C3 and IgG, and histopathological features of ischemia, wrinkling, sclerosis, and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells of the Bowman’s capsule.", "image_path": "Kk9852Oi1Vo_image_02505ecc-51d6-4eb7-a97c-af09eef833d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2320", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Uterine tube has a primary, secondary, and tertiary fold.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_44175cf2-1055-448e-b860-c2cf44985e22.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2321", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The olfactory glands of Bowman produce a thin watery solvent type of secretion that lubricates the surface of the olfactory epithelium and aids in dissolving molecules for sensory perception.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_1bcab02f-da3a-4541-ad8f-0289f3c888d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2322", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of atypical melanocytic proliferation, which may or may not progress to melanoma.", "image_path": "r05QzyzMy-0_image_cbad3367-bcef-44dc-b3dd-a551029ce050.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2323", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of eosinophil and neutrophil cells, which are types of white blood cells.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_3eec72f3-3f78-44b8-b990-18fe35d0bd9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2324", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smaller bile ducts may not show a lot of sclerosis on biopsy, but imaging may pick up strictures in larger peripheral bile ducts.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_b230838d-1106-4405-a06f-ae0a27b49c37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2325", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have open chromatin with a vesicular pattern and appear to have more cytoplasm, with a minor population of small blue cells indicating a population of primitive cells. The tumor has pleomorphic nuclei with variability in size and shape, and most nuclei have a marginated, cleared-out vesicular chromatin pattern.", "image_path": "Y8h_lRE7O_I_image_5b997568-8b76-49c9-bfa7-e24661b4e0b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2326", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recognition of vessel changes and other changes can be difficult in areas without obvious barricade bodies or absent palisading. Scattered pleomorphism is a common benign finding in schwannoma and other nerve sheath tumors. Hyalinizing and hemorrhage around vessels is typical of schwannoma.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_feea4c27-0bc8-411e-a6cc-e7f31a17f2ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2327", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reverse polarization and palisading of the nuclear can be seen.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_d50727ca-8cdc-4bb0-944f-8c57be37c8e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2328", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adipocytes in the subcutis also stain with S100.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_3f53c18f-cb4b-405a-aaf5-d362cbb62738.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2329", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In smokers, the ratio of goblet cells to columnar ciliated cells is inverted, leading to mucus accumulation and inflammation of the airways.", "image_path": "708OpQqoxm4_image_f722cb87-d9af-49be-993d-bceeca683c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2330", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has nests that decrease in size from top to bottom, suggesting it is benign.", "image_path": "NvuL-p5VoL0_image_e8b5373c-0ee9-4bf4-ba48-01adce3556c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2331", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sessile serrated adenomas are serrated polyps with serrations that extend almost all the way down to their dilated deep portions of the glands, and some people describe them as T-shaped or Boots.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_29266e69-1940-4a4e-97da-82d44295e702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2332", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is thinning out and becoming a simple columnar form.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_d9c99dee-5e02-41be-ae4f-98825294aaf7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2333", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermis is invaded by inflammatory cells with granuloma formation.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_b729c73e-4e8f-4dcd-9456-a94f0485b3fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2334", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial connective tissue shows mixed inflammation with prominent eosinophils.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_98f97355-f6bc-4387-871c-44358baa6108.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2335", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of a Spitz nevus, including bridging between nests and pigmentation.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_ed6453d2-fcab-47f5-a6b4-9cecdf5afba8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2336", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells have hyperchromatic nuclei and stroma has a myxoid appearance.", "image_path": "Twza0XocchI_image_03262637-396c-4332-afd8-0b84818ec339.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2337", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregularly circumscribed mass with densely populated cells and central area of necrosis.", "image_path": "Yflf0R3yLUQ_image_573015e5-2c56-44e6-985c-a73fd0cbf9dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2338", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanomas can lack melanin pigment, but the fascicular arrangement in the absence of pigment can resemble a leiomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "fxOPTwK6UgY_image_000eabf1-f951-451b-9cdf-c0933818dc86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2339", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P53 is abnormal in Hürthle cells.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_2969622b-7b85-4209-ba26-73997aec2199.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2340", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of tissue composition with gastric glands and lymphoplasmacytic cells.", "image_path": "WNbZpiY3GY8_image_cc4a95f0-e6e3-407c-a5fb-9a0698568f23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2341", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous carcinoma tends to grow up into the epidermis and can grow back in the conjunctiva in a pagetoid pattern.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_10f272fe-eaf9-491f-9b52-fdabf9ea0829.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2342", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atretic follicles can be at any stage of development, including antral stage.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_f3531db6-c45b-4079-8ec3-2ab56d9d70b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2343", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 positive dendritic cells may be present in the background of neurofibromas.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_58909be3-2367-4266-ad32-2d2adde93b25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2344", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Goblet cells are present, indicating either intestinal metaplasia or the pylorus and duodenal portion of the stomach.", "image_path": "bPH8UFYxAzk_image_6e8f2080-38ab-4a20-a79d-6c3bedfa9b14.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2345", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "GLI1 rearranged tumors typically occur in the head and neck, most frequently in the tongue", "image_path": "xF1Wl7VZZZk_image_b4f597a9-ee34-4fe3-b06c-f02bf53f2d50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2346", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of three layers in the epidermis is a characteristic feature of lentigo maligna.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_8721e347-328a-426b-b115-482ae456db73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2347", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of lymphoid infiltrate in the lesion.", "image_path": "TQi0ey23-bM_image_1af6d249-8ca2-4777-9fc2-5a27acd1cf00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2348", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucinous villus adenoma confined to the appendix.", "image_path": "ijnN7M8WGMI_image_b469805b-00ca-4772-b566-3a5adadcf4cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2349", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma x pleomorphic adenoma is a collision tumor of carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma, with the ductal component of the adenoma going malignant.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_97e1a0dd-ebdc-4499-b01a-558f3371104d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2350", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patient presented with dermatofibromas clinically, but PET scan revealed numerous nodules in skin, subcutis, muscle, and bone of left leg.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_796c00f6-3e96-42ac-8a35-76ff4551a482.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2351", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deeper involvement in the subcutis may be a key factor in more severe cases of ischemia.", "image_path": "dJCG--OnGV8_image_585cc984-d5be-4eb4-96a4-c7e86121e103.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2352", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor being described is a cellular myxoma, which closely mimics a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.", "image_path": "gslxpM8tZjI_image_27140f7f-59c3-44d5-9ab3-c0997230f105.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2353", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The growth pattern of these tumors is usually infiltrative, but they may also be well-circumscribed.", "image_path": "YkO40KHFYTg_image_68074dda-f50b-4dea-8d52-98eb59065d4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2354", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differentiating between pseudolymphoma and lymphoma based on architectural features and germinal centers.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_629cc7f5-7f5b-4111-a0f1-dab5743910cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2355", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuolar interface alteration with lymphocytes attacking the basal layer of the epidermis and inducing death of keratinocytes.", "image_path": "aq4wK_g5hJE_image_8259692f-90a8-4ab4-8cc9-80c79c8a6697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2356", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor was previously called myxoid MFH.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_36249ef9-58f2-43cb-a3dd-8f7f4680d1e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2357", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_5888a664-02cb-435b-83d9-101710c285b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2358", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prurigo nodules have thick stratum corneum and prominent granular layer with collagen bundles running perpendicular to vessels.", "image_path": "6eg03DIE5oA_image_671b8f34-1adf-4420-af31-2185e8803c08.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2359", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tadpole shaped ducts and comma shaped structures are seen in syringoma.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_f9121df4-57cc-4b1a-8687-aa6668e9872d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2360", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Micro vesicular pattern is a common pattern seen in hypoplastic polyps. Stellate profile confirms it as a surrogate polyp.", "image_path": "_WclUX-P9Aw_image_0f342f0c-3d07-48c8-a462-94fcabd0c396.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2361", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of small balls of stromal cells with associated epithelium is a clue for menstrual phase endometrium and abnormal bleeding.", "image_path": "0iTQqvt0UVE_image_c9eb5884-89f7-4788-8f44-c9521af726ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2362", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis is fibrotic and contains collections of epithelioid histiocytes, many of them multinucleated, indicating granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_670ff0fe-20dc-46c7-8a0a-c91e0ecc22ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2363", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Localized cutaneous amyloidosis is seen in primary cutaneous amyloidosis and lichen amyloid.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_760c5683-7930-4040-972a-075c7742c446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2364", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The use of immunohistochemistry to highlight the sustentacular cells by S100 protein or antigen.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_3488c4fe-0b08-46bb-8e94-918390821b8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2365", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of prominent nucleoli or intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in a spindle cell lesion raises suspicion of melanoma.", "image_path": "weGIKE5ZH6I_image_3d561dee-5c82-48b0-88f4-2f0b763270bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2366", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclei have a ground glass appearance and show molding and multiplication (3Ms).", "image_path": "u2IisJQkdDs_image_1229354b-bd68-4403-9562-cb242abb479c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2367", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteophytes develop at the sites where joint capsules insert into the bone, and at the junction of synovial insertion into the base of the femoral neck or in the proximal portion of the tibia next to the plateau.", "image_path": "MVWgLLiirKU_image_735aef9e-8897-4559-88eb-1694004c8ca6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Orthopedic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2368", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Example of DCIS with fibrovascular cores and rounded border indicating non-invasiveness", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2369", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells, specifically Langhans giant cells, which are commonly seen in TB but not specific to it.", "image_path": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2370", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is usually no mitotic activity in porocarcinoma differentiation.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_929a1d59-ae12-45e4-ba84-dd5eb7fef0f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2371", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stains for spindle cell neoplasms will be negative for most markers except for SMA and factor 13A.", "image_path": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2372", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cortex of the kidney is identified by the presence of numerous glomeruli.", "image_path": "9Nh6RBK42qM_image_d7562f61-30f0-461b-a4cb-10d555ef1f7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2373", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multilaminar primary follicles contain several layers of follicular cells.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_2d7b3757-388c-4aac-8168-056db3c15682.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2374", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with orthokeratosis should be examined for keratoderma, nail abnormalities, and a full body skin exam is highly recommended.", "image_path": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_90e02db9-0bfc-4e50-ae7f-629a3811a483.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2375", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spectrum of disease and defining features of malignancy discussed.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_77f3e9f6-7124-41d9-bd8a-373c2c70fe85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2376", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have prominent nuclei and cytoplasmic pseudo-inclusions.", "image_path": "NvuL-p5VoL0_image_ed021c78-c4c8-4b91-9935-74849a1bf9eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2377", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Gigantic dark nuclei and lack of proper lining indicate high grade.", "image_path": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_909f7667-2a32-4f43-94bc-6db095cec0c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_2378", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is infiltrating into the fat.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_36249ef9-58f2-43cb-a3dd-8f7f4680d1e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2379", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cell type shown at the tip of the pointer is a proerythroblast.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_adc43916-5063-464c-8d0e-861161ec8621.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2380", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation may be slight and perivascular elements may be missing.", "image_path": "mpv_X0hA-gc_image_a0e946d5-f0b5-4b98-8278-1dcad8be873d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2381", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prior shave biopsy showing basal cell carcinoma, followed by re-excision of basal cell carcinoma with use of Monsel’s solution as hemostatic agent, leading to Monsel’s tissue reaction with yellow brown pigment within macrophages.", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2382", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In a pilar cyst, the keratin is uniform, dense, and red. In an epidermoid cyst, it is lamellar like shredded wheat.", "image_path": "vCpmglih81E_image_4a20cbd1-49ba-477d-9a98-b8099bb3d5ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2383", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal dot-like expression of low molecular weight keratin and CK7 and pan-cytokeratin are present.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_04c22cc7-9067-4f2c-a8ca-4bdf2bbd34a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2384", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a family of entities that includes malignant lesions of fibro histiocytic differentiation.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_d01c904b-b80f-497f-bb3e-3eb900343319.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2385", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant features of cells include nuclear pleomorphism with significant variation in size and shape of nuclei.", "image_path": "HZpT0c5okLg_image_f15975fd-7b27-4d58-b2c0-c8f6a6a78584.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2386", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Untreated AIDS patients may have multiple infections, and the presence of one viral inclusion does not rule out the possibility of others.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_0dc3a8ce-f03e-4b8d-a976-8fb8389a22bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2387", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Risk stratification model is used to categorize tumors into low, medium, and high risk categories based on tumor size, mitotic activity, necrosis, and patient age.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_d2947829-c54b-450c-a346-35597745e600.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2388", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pass D diastase enzyme is used to differentiate glycogen from other pass structures.", "image_path": "WOik1qFB85I_image_6624da95-bfd2-45f7-9303-8c546057a90d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2389", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is most likely a metastatic urothelial carcinoma, which can mimic native ovarian tumors.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_d5a0e302-6ff9-4444-923b-28c8a65c06c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2390", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Shortened crypts filled with plasma cells are indicative of basal plasmacytosis.", "image_path": "7eXjOyacvF8_image_5bc66b52-5164-44ec-b9d3-8a5baf3bc7ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2391", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spermatogonia are located near the edge and have a dark, round nucleus.", "image_path": "NbgVO967PQ0_image_13d72144-8919-437b-b0f1-177ddd1a7ec3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2392", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No hyperkeratosis is observed, but there is parakeratosis and a present granular layer, making the case challenging.", "image_path": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_37206876-7d72-48ae-a3a6-2455038e36a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2393", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is usually nicely circumscribed, but may infiltrate.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_a476f0b5-85cb-4986-af30-e53175f04853.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2394", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The interlobular ducts are lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium that becomes taller and stratified as the ducts increase in size.", "image_path": "zpWTyTvoLRk_image_82e6e6b9-69d5-4caa-bcd6-eb8d13e2b6f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2395", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trophoblastic cells are seen on the periphery.", "image_path": "X5S7nxrH0rE_image_366913ee-05f0-436b-b39b-35acd0edacbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2396", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a condition caused by aspiration of oily or lipid substances, resulting in multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis in the interstitium, and commonly causing an infiltrator mass in the lower lobes.", "image_path": "mjLtl8i2lCM_image_d55ec0f8-61c4-4a80-a12e-e60ae461fddb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2397", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst is likely chronic and fibrotic.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_53fb0914-e98b-4b79-9cb4-42ad9383af7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2398", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna.", "image_path": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_512eb04b-ab52-4d57-9ac3-376b767b0cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2399", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Appearance of histiocytes forming a meshwork with other histiocytes.", "image_path": "OayyDcbCYD0_image_aa6e3985-2327-4e83-a90e-294233582347.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2400", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Rimmed vacuoles seen on H&E and trichrome staining can indicate sporadic inclusion by myositis.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_cc5efb91-2745-4c8d-9ffa-29107753d5e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2401", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of histiocytes with engulfed elastotic fibers in an area with sun damage.", "image_path": "ncfRZXKzI4c_image_fbcaa045-2919-48e3-af28-8bd5d6f89814.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2402", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of malignant sebaceous gland cells in the sample.", "image_path": "ZVlX4tCsyOc_image_3251f068-d7e0-46a0-aadd-a4ad7708e62a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2403", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytic lesions can be lumped under the spindle cell heading, but there are subtle differences between subtypes.", "image_path": "SBuwwbZ9Jyw_image_6d770991-4758-4729-aa75-2e50361c78e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2404", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The osseous spiral lamina is a thin ridge of bone that extends from the modiolus.", "image_path": "ZvaF_DR_GFk_image_8ce72bda-29e0-4d09-a27c-069b3ccf2aa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2405", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Most likely, the tumor would be classified as metastatic urothelial carcinoma.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_722e3282-6e26-4fef-b922-e39cde92388b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2406", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction shows production of IgE and recruitment of inflammatory cells.", "image_path": "rNKX-r-lQC8_image_06f8745e-7b18-4bd9-aac2-d7e95de548c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2407", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the importance of considering a patient’s skin type and ethnicity in dermatopathology, as different skin types tend to get different diseases and diseases in the skin tend to look different based on skin pigmentation.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_29a6944a-b95a-46d6-94c4-feb2ad57f136.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2408", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse gliomas are the most common tumors of primary CNS origin in adults, including astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas of different grades.", "image_path": "RiCGxUlva4A_image_3b7c97c7-5934-4841-82ce-c04f9a810ed7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2409", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Individual cells in the glands have significant cytologic atypia with different sizes and shapes of nuclei.", "image_path": "AyY92DifR_4_image_a5bf07c2-95dc-4fe1-9922-c5c61e86978f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2410", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Most of the glomeruli in the kidney are completely sclerotic and hyalinized.", "image_path": "Iz9k5keHtUc_image_9e5b8ae5-c048-4ea0-a5a7-7c6d6695a1a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2411", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The submucosa contains goblet clusters of cells with neuroendocrine differentiation.", "image_path": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_c91bc305-f120-413c-8886-a5c056aebb49.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2412", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD99 is a nonspecific marker and should be used with caution in soft tissue pathology.", "image_path": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_05343304-3b9c-42be-8d78-2d32e118ab1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2413", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Criteria include nests and cords of cells with desmoplastic stroma.", "image_path": "YBadPuC4zZs_image_2089ea41-a704-44fa-9d4c-fc2e337267eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2414", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is extensively vascularized with many distinct vascular lumens.", "image_path": "t4ci0I29xfg_image_f6ae0da5-d224-41d9-b38d-9572c6514085.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2415", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "FOXD2B is negative, excluding neuroblastoma. Desmin staining is used to differentiate myogenic origin, with strong cytoplasmic staining indicating positive myogenic differentiation. More specific immunostaining is done to confirm rhabdomyosarcoma.", "image_path": "aThj55Z1ZBw_image_26da7805-2506-45e4-98ed-9fbe70bd97d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2416", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade tumor with small cystic spaces and low mitotic activity, which may require further immunohistochemistry stains to confirm.", "image_path": "_RBvu4FvZ7E_image_69f72c4c-860a-4d88-b7e5-080e0aabccb3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2417", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Assessment of nuclei at the base of the crypt may not be accurate due to prominent nucleoli in fast-dividing lesions.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_10b07d8e-de12-4e73-9ba7-b08beae341f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2418", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Persistence of outer root sheet and expansion of inner root sheet may suggest a diagnosis of a hair disorder such as CCCA.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_62b5b3c0-8a79-4b71-8cf4-d3ac4c61760f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2419", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a condition where the ear cartilage becomes inflamed and a nodule forms on the ear.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_229ad929-4a13-4418-8e7d-0d01bbe14db1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2420", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the described tumor are hyperchromatic and pleomorphic with prominent nuclei and can have bizarre shapes, forming tumor giant cells.", "image_path": "aEACgK_ccJQ_image_c6cfb438-0bbd-402a-b833-b59936e021a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2421", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Flattening or atrophy of the rete ridges may occur when a DF is rubbed and irritated.", "image_path": "6qdx4Rx7_Qg_image_fd4f218d-85b7-4df2-8199-e5ba614c9e2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2422", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stromatofibrosarcoma is a type of tumor that is characterized by fascicles and interwoven patterns. CD34 is used to confirm the diagnosis. There is a genetic mutation associated with this tumor. Non-surgical treatment may be an option.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_126e2b28-2261-4ce9-80f0-79cdbd1d3f2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2423", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Shade biopsy from the trunk with slightly papillary and moderately acanthotic epidermis.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_e0e5de89-5b93-495e-89a3-0be67d3394c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2424", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of subnuclear vacuoles, which may indicate a secretory change in the cells.", "image_path": "u7bRzFBefW8_image_834728e8-40b4-4556-b1a8-2a83ff29c0a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2425", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyposegmented cells should be greater than 50-80% in number, otherwise it may indicate MDS or chemotherapy artifact", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_8c28e825-5f45-44f2-bbc3-4a87754f933b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2426", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a small patch of psoriasis with lots of crust and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis.", "image_path": "n9Vy08KuN5w_image_59f19829-3022-4645-9006-08845a496a59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2427", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD30 can be used to identify cells that express the membrane and perinuclear Golgi-zone.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_0d3aac95-2742-405e-98e9-6e4068a0b174.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2428", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No atypia, cytologic atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, mitosis, or necrosis seen in the epithelial cells.", "image_path": "7aODv18kQXU_image_295c9cb7-cd18-4008-aeff-aa19462f3dee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2429", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a large amount of pink homogeneous collagenous connective tissue between individual smooth muscle cells or small groups.", "image_path": "D0It2mdZkHE_image_42a94fb4-9934-435f-a6cf-d510339fb98e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2430", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells seen are transformed macrophages that have lost phagocytic capacity.", "image_path": "KzHu71PMa3Q_image_444ed6e2-b2bf-4ba9-b5a6-49841b865b3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2431", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy is differentiating towards the inferior part of the follicle, with small radiating structures, indicating a likely diagnosis of trichofolliculoma.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_cfccbe95-0a73-455b-a305-519cd30210de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2432", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are single isolated cells that stand out in the background of a neoplastic proliferation.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_120098b9-e9c7-4cc9-a15c-f371580c87d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2433", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes melanoma in situ, but this is unlikely due to the absence of pagetoid spread, abnormal mitotic activity, and invasive dermal component.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_a32cf8c2-04c7-4739-81f9-122be5d1b6cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2434", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophilic intra-microabscesses within the epidermis is a classic feature of pemphigus vegetans.", "image_path": "f5XH30KpJAM_image_05e2fc0b-5632-4421-bf86-104582b4abf1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2435", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD117-negative mastocytoma may be mistaken for early Xanthogranuloma.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_59e8ec85-fa97-4e37-a3f8-61f0a0a07c99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2436", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation of the bronchial walls and increased mucus secretion are also present in bronchial asthma.", "image_path": "P_Rvxd1-ZYM_image_d94f06a6-9626-4e64-a4d6-3f19074b39a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2437", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker is discussing a perivascular myoid entity that is not SFT or sinonasal in nature.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_fef13514-e44d-4c2e-b65b-ae12df6dc131.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2438", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigmented neurofibromas tend to have a predilection towards patients with neurofibromatosis type one.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2439", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of melanocytes that trail off beyond the melanocytic nests in the edge of the area.", "image_path": "VlHqIrnRn7g_image_9e180534-bee5-482b-bd18-fd79565610de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2440", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of spherule of cocci suggests coccidioidomycosis.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_d616e988-9638-41fb-b2d6-39ff71ae4dfb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2441", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mutations associated with endometrial carcinoma include PTEN, PIK3CA, and P53.", "image_path": "1Vs0jiAb7UI_image_363bd3d0-f019-4890-8abb-490816b9c4e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2442", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No inflammation or sclerosis seen in the middle of the biopsy section.", "image_path": "MWFbZgy6uSw_image_7b51911f-b3f6-41e1-8a0d-3778b672fd5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2443", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are annotations on the slide, including an area of comedo necrosis and areas with single cells.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_ea2f6ddc-2b6c-4100-9168-38372c9857ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2444", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal atrophy is a characteristic feature of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_8721e347-328a-426b-b115-482ae456db73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2445", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerotic fibroma can have a plywood pattern and may be seen in other conditions like dermatofibromas.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_696a3ea5-32ff-450c-9bf4-8cb77440f509.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2446", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A large, round, relatively well-circumscribed lesion within the dermis with a cellular appearance and an admixture of lymphocytes.", "image_path": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_0a27cf17-7d25-4c60-bb92-84cd2ca2467b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2447", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and Leydig cells.", "image_path": "ZF43iBtWF88_image_b971922b-c590-47c6-9cc0-766820611df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2448", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclei are elongated or oval shaped, unlike normal thyrocytes.", "image_path": "6TQnYkaQEwE_image_65a97c63-e8c8-49f5-97cf-75a560ee17e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2449", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bright yellow color of the adrenal cortex is due to the cells making steroid hormones.", "image_path": "JAqYJgpHtbo_image_88c85331-231e-495a-b223-f313c0714075.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2450", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is a case of malignant thecoma of the ovary with high mitotic activity.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_85eb914e-1da4-4300-8483-118fba4e1066.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2451", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "An atypical sebaceous neoplasm may be favored if the specimen is transected.", "image_path": "0HO7ZewGw28_image_ce944715-c8a9-418f-8126-55985a1bd7cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2452", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion in question is darkly pigmented and can resemble a lentigo.", "image_path": "NcTPZB3YnXQ_image_7ace97e9-57a4-4b78-b064-a02b2f138c31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2453", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes benign mimics like sclerosing adenosis or microglandular adenosis.", "image_path": "fJc72K7XBU0_image_997f2fac-269d-4dbb-ad63-cc4b98f13b79.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2454", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "E-cadherin can be used to confirm invasive ductal carcinoma with tubular features.", "image_path": "fJc72K7XBU0_image_0d7966ad-966c-4599-a062-a1fa733a6158.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2455", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The thymus has lobules with a cortex and medulla, and maturation occurs from the cortex to the medulla.", "image_path": "uD1ynXHHWeA_image_eef17429-6bea-465c-8e38-1f141f1ff478.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2456", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of positive results for intestinal metaplasia and the appearance of intestinal cells as intense purple color and individual cells.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_a69510e8-352a-4463-9c54-b3a1cb8ce946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2457", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is paucicellular and cytologically benign.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_bb9eb819-58bb-443f-9456-77e316063b26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2458", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is describing a pedunculated lesion with healthy cartilage and fine vellus hairs, which is an accessory tragus.", "image_path": "6a5_QTsX_I4_image_3c8e84c4-132b-447a-9bbe-682bf83947fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2459", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nine step-level serial sections through the sample are typically done and stained with HNE section 1, section 5, and section 9.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_b1734c62-b3b0-41d6-9c0d-de668b9db411.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2460", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Frozen sections of ovarian samples are taken during surgery to determine if a tumor is a benign serous cystadenoma or a borderline serous cystadenoma. If there is definite serous cystadenoma on one side and architectural atypia on the other side, the tumor is in the borderline category. The surgeon will then explore the entire omentum to find any implants.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_6516f806-d1e8-4bce-a2a3-25b0fef7a11f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2461", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the anatomy of the hepatic lobules, including the location of central veins and portal spaces. Mention of the periportal zone, which is well-supplied with oxygen and nutrients.", "image_path": "d6HYTVxU-Vo_image_7b9f52e6-e715-4bc5-bf82-999f77e73300.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2462", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is classified as a phylloides tumor based on its abundant leaf-like architecture and stromal overgrowth. The tumor has spindle-shaped cells that are atypical but not markedly pleomorphic, and have fairly uniform mitotic activity.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_4327f08a-f927-4431-bfd9-caa07d95939b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2463", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Touton giant cells may not always have a perfect ring of nuclei, and the foam around the outside of multinucleated cells is a characteristic feature.", "image_path": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b49c8696-232b-4461-aea6-cef6bff03627.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2464", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Specific diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas based on the presence of collections of cholesterol clefts between the foam cells or xanthoma cells.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2465", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous cells with viral changes are commonly seen in sun-damaged skin away from genital sites.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_0c67370d-8ba2-4f83-a0ce-8a63ecbd856d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2466", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The duct of the gland is lined by a mucous-secreting epithelium and divides into different portions.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_b6ac57f5-8c36-40ab-bfe4-ab69a7049c55.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2467", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibromas have many axons associated with the lesion when tested for neurofilament protein, while only a few cases of scattered intralesional axons were found in Hornick's report.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_090933fc-ce22-4454-9440-76dd8d15735b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2468", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulomatous process may indicate Wegener’s granulomatous vasculitis.", "image_path": "gzCRJB0KFiI_image_41353465-d54f-41b0-9427-cdab5bcb7847.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2469", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a small subcorneal pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils, along with spongiosis and perivascular changes.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_0969f130-42d8-4ab6-9272-420cc8755d66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2470", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a spiradenoma, which can be argued to be either eccrine or apocrine.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_badabe6e-202e-4dfe-bb2e-97fbc57ac6ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2471", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal mitoses are present in the tumor.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_db1339ad-1e86-49fc-9733-8f7020516902.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2472", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section shows the four layers associated with the digestive tube: mucosa, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria, and submucosa containing Brunner's glands.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7bc0805f-41d7-49dd-84cb-e465e12a1938.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2473", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and individual deposition of collagen fibers seen in the section.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_344f0244-9528-4b87-bc0f-e3fd7f86493c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2474", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick-walled blood vessels with fibrin can be seen in stasis ulcers, which may warrant a biopsy.", "image_path": "n0oJ8IBz-WM_image_e813aba0-2228-4e15-860d-0f55fce5fd5e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2475", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is discussing a polypoid lesion of the colon with expansion and ulceration, which may be related to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome or mucosal prolapse.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_74c39c50-70d4-4f1d-83cb-f4b6d1651378.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2476", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smaller bile ducts may not show a lot of sclerosis on biopsy, but imaging may pick up strictures in larger peripheral bile ducts.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_b230838d-1106-4405-a06f-ae0a27b49c37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2477", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a malignant tumor with predominant strands of epithelium in a fibrous background.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_db1339ad-1e86-49fc-9733-8f7020516902.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2478", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has solid areas and cystic spaces, making it difficult to differentiate between a nodular hidradenoma and a digital papillary adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_187a27ac-fc92-4b73-bf98-cef6463d80ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2479", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample being observed is dense, irregular connective tissue with fibers going in all different directions.", "image_path": "dnEQD-G8o9M_image_bd2b9455-8b2f-4328-bc4e-7896a150b888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2480", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of liver tissue with dissociated hepatocyte cords around central veins.", "image_path": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2481", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_911697f5-66ae-49b5-9bde-2382dd7c57d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2482", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of primordial follicles in infant ovaries that remain unchanged until puberty.", "image_path": "1z0SogcF45M_image_b44eeb74-89cb-4749-9629-4a515b12b20a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2483", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Blue granules present in the cytoplasm of malignant cells can be helpful in diagnosis.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_ebe99d97-54f2-44b5-bb33-707036f888f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2484", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a neoplastic cell present at the junction in a metaplastic squamous epithelium of the nasal cavity.", "image_path": "weGIKE5ZH6I_image_6adf84eb-fb15-4b58-8346-1ce97fe6d7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2485", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a papilloma-like polypoid structure lined by acanthotic stratified squamous epithelium with prominent fibrovascular stroma. Acanthosis is present, indicating thickening of the epidermis.", "image_path": "3TkcEvsc1uk_image_8bfe00a5-7b85-493a-b111-44cd66af9a8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2486", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synaptophysin is positive in normal and abnormal neurons.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32469090-6eee-4edc-81d4-c3b920ce9420.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2487", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is diagnosed as a sclerotic fibroma.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_9d4ebc8a-c1de-4b2b-98a0-c7744d03bcc9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2488", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These tumors demonstrate ductal differentiation and may have hybrid forms.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_94389f16-cde6-481b-963f-9d68db204426.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2489", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differentiation between P63-positive prostate cancer and the current case based on the distribution of P63-positive cells.", "image_path": "jzZ96SBcer4_image_642dd993-e51d-4f9e-9d84-44e3b357b91a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2490", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of ectopic crypts is common among all TSA.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_2caa3036-c57d-4d3b-92ea-e90030ccfb04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2491", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macrophages are present and recognizable by their foamy cytoplasm.", "image_path": "h-_JpaEMK7A_image_0177bd98-7803-4771-b42c-49966f74b0d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2492", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endocrine mucinous sweat gland carcinomas usually occur near the eye and can evolve into invasive mucinous carcinoma.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_a7993b51-3f88-4f53-a8ca-d70f2fbeae8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2493", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case being discussed has a BRAF mutation and increased copy numbers of 11p.", "image_path": "HDO9vdwBqAo_image_5a7a5ae4-77ea-4b49-9637-1c748e0f45c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2494", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of ossification and calcification in the cyst, which is common in pilar cysts.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_3fb62eef-c949-48b3-837c-d77e27a32847.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2495", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zygomycetes are vasculotropic fungi that can cause necrotizing eschars and fungal sepsis.", "image_path": "HX6i7j2CMKc_image_7ae93d64-aead-4d27-b540-64cc2c20add1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2496", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is consistent with a sarcoidal foreign body granulomas reaction.", "image_path": "8MBewN0dlyk_image_b722810b-5207-4548-ba65-a3cc2f28a9a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2497", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, which are mites that can be found in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Demodex may play a role in granulomatous rosacea and some forms of immunosuppression. Demodecosis can cause localized pusher folliculitis of the face.", "image_path": "w5oMNeiwN6g_image_9aec2ae6-7b28-489d-b0dd-776d7ff1b946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2498", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is calciphylaxis, which is associated with protein C and protein S deficiency and can cause thrombosis in blood vessels.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_870b0536-86fa-4aeb-ab8c-cba391019bd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2499", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P53 immunohistochemistry shows diffuse staining along the basal aspect of the area compared to the background epidermis.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_2969622b-7b85-4209-ba26-73997aec2199.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2500", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cribriform pattern is a common feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma, but not seen in this case.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_bb0618c6-11e8-402e-9c66-f8472f1ad893.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2501", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the anatomy of a hepatic lobule with adjacent portal areas and central vein.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_5e9bd635-cfaa-4a98-944b-39077da97630.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2502", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clusters of microorganisms inside lipid-laden histiocytes filled with micro bacterial leprosy, indicating a multi-multibacillary leprosy disease, polar lepromatous.", "image_path": "ncfRZXKzI4c_image_2d7e5d9f-d454-4ab6-92cd-07a98c575e07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2503", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subtle spindle cells may be present in the dermis.", "image_path": "-rNRA4KeURU_image_b3c6ef41-db0c-4504-956a-946396b1b153.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2504", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichilemmomas are relatively common skin and nexal tumors.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2505", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Gamma-delta involves the dermis and can cause ulceration, while SPT-CL primarily involves the fat.", "image_path": "lgkMpECT5RI_image_072bc58d-00ec-41e7-b98b-60cc01338fe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2506", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic infection can result in high density of immune cells, including plasma cells.", "image_path": "9t-6uwDU9Yg_image_d52e026c-7c55-4a1c-b929-ca97458fc626.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2507", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The base of the cartilage cap is sealed off by a rim of bone.", "image_path": "atoRg7AbHsI_image_2f746533-c660-48d7-bf3e-22c92817e3fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2508", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Columnar cell change can be found within dilated ducts in terminal duct lobular units.", "image_path": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2509", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Upward migration of melanocytes and spread of melanoma into the epidermis.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_299f35c8-95f2-4af1-8e04-ce5a8ee34e3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2510", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 can be useful in identifying cartilaginous cells and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_be125ce8-0298-405a-8f74-08e28c196a2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2511", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is classified as a simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells and a brush border.", "image_path": "9O_j4IJ6PpY_image_36f124d1-7efd-4e9a-8fd3-a9b746124eec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2512", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal area seen in the ventral or anterior horn of the spinal cord with inflammatory process.", "image_path": "72ftpWQd3_8_image_2dae63d5-782e-40b8-aecd-565e0bee2a1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2513", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucosa of seminal vesicles are highly folded and can be mistaken for uterine tube histologically.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_d0cad8a7-10dd-47be-aeac-8bd95c0e6635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2514", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Esophageal carcinoma can have paged like spread which is associated with a poor prognosis.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_23ee495c-df7f-463e-a824-6bfd38b51f6e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2515", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor with glandular formation and infiltrated pattern around ducts without obstruction is suggestive of ductal carcinoma.", "image_path": "BmA-XHNkhvg_image_ccbb7e0a-f20f-444f-b46c-284d32fb252b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2516", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A vascular marker should be considered to rule out angiosarcoma, which can be deceptive.", "image_path": "GU2IlH-SvS8_image_6365ee18-cca7-4b1a-9999-3eff5ff35d24.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2517", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils and possibly a few Eosinophils in the sample.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_59e8ec85-fa97-4e37-a3f8-61f0a0a07c99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2518", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The non-specific ulcer in this case was caused by a coxy, which can have various manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients.", "image_path": "wjTXLLOKus0_image_8c3fd0ca-ae23-4673-81d1-aa80c8e48202.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2519", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of papillae and papillary-like structures forming holes in the nail plate, which may indicate a condition called onychomatricoma.", "image_path": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2520", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Olfactory neuroblastomas may exhibit aberrant epithelial, myogenic, or melanocytic differentiation, similar to the adrenal counterpart.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_2fc40ed0-9cd3-4c6f-a073-bf6a5bca8df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2521", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intervening unstained sections are used for immunohistochemistry to evaluate for cancer or invasion without wasting tissue or losing diagnostic material.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_8fd08890-2b1b-48ec-ba79-ef37d81c40b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2522", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the location and characteristics of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule.", "image_path": "Qiqdz5JABJo_image_30d18693-dd9d-43b7-96bb-39ce9654810f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2523", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basophilic breakdown around the inclusions is also seen in this diagnosis.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_9e90a67a-2e61-462c-b51d-eee2798be265.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2524", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine tumors can show a gland-like phenotype and are chromogranin-positive.", "image_path": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2525", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute hemorrhage appears as red blood cells in alveoli, while chronic hemorrhage appears brownish due to hemosiderin formation.", "image_path": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2526", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodules are not very cellular and contain spindle cells and collagen, similar to a conventional neurofibroma.", "image_path": "c2S_vipzy74_image_b9faa3d7-f9bf-424f-b9b2-a214031eaccb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2527", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The granuloma is composed of small lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and Langhans giant cells.", "image_path": "l7sk00AOfb0_image_ffc6b4b1-b40c-4563-9f99-33d3a22e72e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2528", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with tall cell nuclei, enlarged and elongated nuclei, and sclerosis.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_02e0960a-6a64-43b2-8e4e-1a89923ce6c5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2529", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation and hyperchromasia in the gallbladder mucosa can indicate the presence of dysplasia, which can extend into the cystic duct.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_a89d9f89-7fce-4c39-a546-a25568a142ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2530", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sclerosis around the duct suggests active involvement.", "image_path": "gjP6hW4QB2M_image_055b0efc-96c4-4978-ba1c-c03e91eb4269.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2531", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The blue appearance on low magnification is due to the nucleus occupying much of the cell.", "image_path": "-fUB3Tx2RKE_image_127bd67f-3f26-4c7f-adae-e4d95f044de8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2532", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endothelial cells in Masson tumor may appear plump and reactive.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_e7884018-1d77-4b3e-a328-855f23685460.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2533", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a lepromatous granuloma with frothy, loose cytoplasm and globi.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_fe44c45e-754e-447c-b4d1-482bfebcbd1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2534", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical cells seen at the periphery of the lesion.", "image_path": "keSHQoiWm3c_image_0caf82ef-10d7-44ae-a6ad-868282893353.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2535", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells have abundant cytoplasm with vacuoles and evidence of cell discohesion.", "image_path": "eFw2LIHu6pA_image_3e4c9522-d17a-4597-8e85-02cdaed47f2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2536", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lungs are severely hyperexpanded, which is a typical autopsy finding in severe asthma.", "image_path": "y8qGxzce05o_image_117c59ec-a307-4f5e-9799-d75478e7bed0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2537", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa is lined by tall columnar epithelium, sometimes mucus-secreting.", "image_path": "ZZd0t-Bb82c_image_f6cb1e19-e839-4012-910c-57e101836702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2538", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The uterine portion of the cervix contains mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium and glandular folds.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_51969d0f-58ca-4530-8a2a-c90720b507c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2539", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor has a slightly cellular stroma, similar to endometrium.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_58d45005-a761-412e-a45e-f041ea3d81c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2540", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cross-section shows a blood vessel wall, not a nerve fiber.", "image_path": "GaAnTPUdHno_image_790253bd-0093-44a4-8994-0bd02c89535f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2541", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry would be valuable in making the separation between these tumors.", "image_path": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_2ad18147-e289-43ca-85ff-5e6811a95204.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2542", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell acanthoma can be misdiagnosed as psoriasis without a history of being a single lesion.", "image_path": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_dc89033f-4a60-4f72-a1da-cf31d5ba66f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2543", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fungiform papillae do not have keratinization and may contain taste buds.", "image_path": "U-lc_kYk9RE_image_5a29e725-c8aa-452c-8251-9d2c8c6474df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2544", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of atypical mitotic figure is a concern.", "image_path": "1qRLaNE9S-c_image_5311556d-c2b4-4dce-b35f-6748b68c6913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2545", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes with autophagic debris can be seen in AVMs.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_6fc02e43-a914-48e8-a0e6-3c4dac19976d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2546", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ducts of the pancreas are surrounded by a thick layer of connective tissue, which functions to prevent the accidental release of the inactive zymogens into the body cavity.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_05295715-f026-4e5f-a691-c9ebbb51456e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2547", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse and strong P40 positivity.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_8df2d9ac-a04b-4fec-9b0e-8a974359edfc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2548", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is the diagnosis.", "image_path": "YBadPuC4zZs_image_2089ea41-a704-44fa-9d4c-fc2e337267eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2549", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an elaborate capillary network underlying the intestinal epithelium covering the villi.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_7225aa2d-a38c-4775-8620-fd77c4e2d083.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2550", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a family of entities that includes malignant lesions of fibro histiocytic differentiation.", "image_path": "RBP8VB5TERM_image_d01c904b-b80f-497f-bb3e-3eb900343319.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2551", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Shave biopsy of a lesion should not be misdiagnosed as a basal cell tumor.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_5b38b3b9-6eac-4f50-b359-5f7254af3555.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2552", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A case of a patient with internal systemic mantle cell lymphoma that spread to the skin.", "image_path": "GJQcjAmUn7g_image_2b4fe9ab-e51d-49d0-8d95-82610eeab5c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2553", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid extension may not always indicate LCIS involvement of a duct.", "image_path": "FT_6Lesb7DU_image_eddfef17-1fce-4241-af49-82201a74edde.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2554", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuolated cells are hyperplastic reserve cells and glands may be fused.", "image_path": "HQ0jykiHsLM_image_9d80057c-22c7-4529-9946-23615539e34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2555", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunofluorescence may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis before committing to treatment with biologics or systemic steroids.", "image_path": "XrnUcH7flQc_image_3ccd0348-8a77-4b5a-968e-2db0c9a093aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2556", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine tumors have characteristic salt and pepper chromatin in their nucleus.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2557", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adenocarcinoma was identified in the fourth portion of the duodenum, which is a difficult area to biopsy.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_9cb7257a-18c8-4abd-8a9c-b6b570c3954d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2558", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation is necessary to distinguish between different types of scarring alopecia.", "image_path": "ss0DwWugylg_image_ec40eb6b-50f5-4211-a81d-193da15ca1ec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2559", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has an osteoblastic type pattern with atypical cells laying down woven strips of osteoid.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2560", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is occurring in the subcutis and even into the dermis.", "image_path": "aH4arK8q_T0_image_314b3aee-2c45-40fc-a806-b9125d72775c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2561", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Menses, proliferative, and secretory phases can be distinguished in the tissue.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_866a0714-fca0-4627-8d3a-38bf5dcfd1b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2562", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2563", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a vasculopathy with thrombosis and intact neutrophils, possibly related to septic vasculitis.", "image_path": "a_kSq1zmzos_image_37354cae-bba0-4295-9c10-b16061b529db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2564", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Measurement of tumor thickness determines the prognosis and behavior of the tumor.", "image_path": "k5F261IUTcY_image_9a71bf40-0435-4376-baa3-955b2f257802.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2565", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker is discussing a possible tumor, specifically a spindle cell proliferation type of tumor, and mentions the cellular element that is predominant in the fields. They also mention the possibility of it being a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).", "image_path": "mUy5Jnh9cgE_image_ad652fe3-da4b-4d8c-967b-53e1a7ff96e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2566", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an elaborate capillary network underlying the intestinal epithelium covering the villi.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_ed47dc86-5cfe-4072-8cc4-a9b5f07dc60c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2567", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of immature glial tissue with immature rosettes and necrosis.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_89039e1b-e1f0-4fdc-ac13-dd6fdb35bfa2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2568", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "D5F3 has a higher percentage of picking up ALK positivity compared to standard ALK.", "image_path": "RDLNw0GLeOI_image_5931a84c-47be-401d-a9a3-ab83e356751b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2569", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Autophagic markers LT3 and P62 can highlight rimmed vacuoles in frozen or paraffin-embedded sections.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_cc5efb91-2745-4c8d-9ffa-29107753d5e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2570", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stromatofibrosarcoma is a type of tumor that is characterized by fascicles and interwoven patterns. CD34 is used to confirm the diagnosis. There is a genetic mutation associated with this tumor. Non-surgical treatment may be an option.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_126e2b28-2261-4ce9-80f0-79cdbd1d3f2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2571", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ducts in sweat gland tumors are sharply circumscribed and often lined by a pink layer called a cuticle.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_9cbd9701-13ff-4444-bf6c-88dad4b2c3f9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2572", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of the stratum corneum is similar to that of skin in fibromatosis.", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_e3e46a47-0b3a-46f5-a507-d2d9e821a320.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2573", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of atypical hepatocytes with prominent nucleolus and polymorphism in a tumor.", "image_path": "49IyEV8AwzY_image_a8804daf-11b6-491a-a4a2-c4a714deaac8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2574", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a dense diffuse infiltrate with neutrophils and eosinophils.", "image_path": "l9OCIVQWL9Y_image_422888ee-5888-48ea-b99d-3f2462e4f9e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2575", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Not all papillary architecture in the vulva is a condyloma caused by human papillomavirus.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_d6737d3b-5b51-4145-b7b3-444286ed5a73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2576", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is another name for Rosai-Dorfman disease.", "image_path": "A4XHUBrUpMw_image_c0680cc5-4c0a-4ed3-87bc-a47ed9604081.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2577", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of calcium in the findings is associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), which can be inherited or acquired and has been linked to the use of penicillamine, liver transplants, and other inflammatory processes.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_1b43f00d-2616-4908-8fe0-9c487d0efa76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2578", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Edema is not commonly seen in chronic radiation dermatitis, which helps differentiate it from L-S-N-A.", "image_path": "4ET3pjzn6xs_image_f902e687-defa-4f5d-8fe4-d0a258a3dd35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2579", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of surface mucus and crystalline debris in the sample.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_b7ed62c8-932a-4226-80f7-953eab3731ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2580", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is a surface view of the stratified squamous non-keratinized variety of epithelium lining the esophagus.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_501cf27d-9208-4e87-839f-11fad17862c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2581", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hypercellularity and MPGN pattern.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2582", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears well circumscribed with a nodular appearance and should not have infiltrated edges.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_04aa72c5-3e83-4d8b-b41b-438001056913.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2583", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The CDC paper shows positive immunohistochemistry in bronchial epithelial cells.", "image_path": "mEVWMuZWxkk_image_0323de90-1c98-47db-a50c-db6ff7ff935e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2584", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The malignant epithelium is very asymmetrical and has basophilic cells.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_4d387951-2d7d-4c3d-af7c-3775747c5244.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2585", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion in the submandibular gland is likely a secretory carcinoma, which is low grade and has abundant secretion and cytoplasm.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_3619467a-ca86-48f4-b1a0-350cad0ea6c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2586", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes are present in the basal layer and are responsible for producing melanin.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_7a93a207-01ec-479b-9ed8-766f47c86a0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2587", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion being described is a spindle cell nevus.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_34c365e0-2a9f-41fa-9ea3-7503888696a5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2588", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a high-grade sarcoma that usually does not have lipoblasts, but can arise from well-differentiated liposarcoma as a precursor lesion.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_6123f9a6-26bb-440a-b6bc-b3fd14a4ce2c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2589", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive for iron based on HALE colloidal iron test.", "image_path": "e-tVDfAl5Ac_image_b6cc7318-398a-48ce-a8c2-3ac670a93e04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2590", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinical information and direct immunofluorescence are needed to rule out IgA pemphigus, which can look similar to this condition.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_b9dc1333-6e60-44ee-9276-6aaba99ec308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2591", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal epidermal cells give rise to normal keratinization.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_0ed0b8d4-faea-49b2-947b-39e40128a139.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2592", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The muscularis externa is composed of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_febefb07-f803-495b-991e-bed2a89025ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2593", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample being discussed does not have mucin, keratin, or desmosomes.", "image_path": "EKpPF02Ci6o_image_d4b0c2f0-469c-4a0e-af35-54bb6987a2ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2594", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Porokeratosis can cause reactive changes and vascular changes that resemble stasis.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_4e8e007b-53d9-47d3-a531-7e89720150b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2595", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudoinvasion in an adenoma can have hemosiderin-laden macrophages and associated blood.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_da63ed20-b94b-4142-ac3a-3d26aae2bfb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2596", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nested aggregates of melanocytes are seen at the dermal-epidermal junction.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_e2273a0f-1fb7-492a-bc4a-6476934a1dfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2597", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pink blobs of dead keratinocytes along the basal layer and white vacuoles indicating vacuolar change or liquefactive degeneration.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_1779338b-85e9-480a-92e3-ebd042d4926e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2598", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucin deposition in the skin is associated with the presence of mast cells and fibroblasts.", "image_path": "r7SWcky6V0A_image_e74b3333-28c1-4023-a94b-48cfef5130a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2599", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section is from the pancreas and shows an intact acinar or alveoli, while other areas are replaced by inflammatory cells.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_117920bf-17e2-47a2-8975-8280c7c3df1d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2600", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Organizing thrombus within a vessel, which may be related to vascular tumors.", "image_path": "c2S_vipzy74_image_1d323408-dd99-4cbc-bcda-80c3dcac2a97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2601", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Foamy macrophages are sticking to the glomerular tuft at the urinary pole.", "image_path": "Kk9852Oi1Vo_image_5d64aa96-93d8-43ca-9690-24903d850243.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2602", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "To definitively diagnose HSP, IgA must be observed in the blood vessels within the first day or so of the lesion.", "image_path": "p_CyG6TFya0_image_a9fae7ee-d200-4147-ab82-03a55a469863.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2603", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In bullous hepatitis, the causative organism releases an exotoxin that attacks desmoglein 1, leading to the sub-corneal split.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_cd9fd25e-48c1-4459-8a6f-93c9f4eb7dd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2604", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of aggressive digital adenocarcinoma based on location and appearance.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_24306109-be3c-449c-b8ff-c62ed12a2016.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2605", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large retroperitoneal masses may be associated with angiomyolipoma or mesenchymal retroperitoneal growth around the kidney.", "image_path": "r1huTwUtoWo_image_50aa667d-a72b-46d3-a134-24e34bfbdd85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2606", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is not densely hypercellular and less likely to be a malignant sarcoma.", "image_path": "pLbADOdEdNM_image_5b02ec71-1ba3-4a03-bf58-8473d2443296.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2607", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample has been stained with a special fight stain, which highlights acid-fast bacteria.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_23886a41-9045-40f4-a4a4-7bd3c044e732.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2608", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Upward migration of melanocytes and spread of melanoma into the epidermis.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_299f35c8-95f2-4af1-8e04-ce5a8ee34e3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2609", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma arising from pleomorphic adenoma is classified based on the extent of invasion, with non-invasive and minimally invasive tumors having better outcomes than invasive or widely invasive tumors.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_97e1a0dd-ebdc-4499-b01a-558f3371104d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2610", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Morphology expected with IPMN type of lesion.", "image_path": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_6d6bfc8a-a4a4-4b0c-99bd-201138c8dc45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatobiliary', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2611", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sex cord tumors can appear yellow and are usually well circumscribed.", "image_path": "utV22EFuqD4_image_72f54734-6dde-4388-ae70-a2edff0a70ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2612", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has clusters of mature adipocytes, thick-walled muscular vessels, and smooth muscle radiating from the walls of the vessels and extending out into the stroma between the adipocytes.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_60417d6f-2096-4c09-907c-0c0b89961b51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2613", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "SOX10 can be used to differentiate between lesional cells and background dendritic cells or Langerhans cells when staining with S100.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_e7e95a47-eaa0-4df6-b982-24bdf8164813.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2614", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is discussing breast tissue and how physical characteristics can provide clues to diagnosis. They mention the presence of big fat smooth muscle bundles, a mammary duct, and the absence of a myoepithelial layer, which suggests intraductal papilloma or adenosis rather than DCIS.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_585d43ee-09d0-45da-b267-95836240933a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2615", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion in large cells, which may indicate a viral infection such as cytomegalovirus.", "image_path": "i7VZAr65r6g_image_bf8b57d0-71ab-4fa7-897c-748306d2a852.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2616", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High grade tumors may show tumor necrosis, but it is not present in this case.", "image_path": "49IyEV8AwzY_image_a8804daf-11b6-491a-a4a2-c4a714deaac8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2617", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor in question has morphological similarities to a leiomyoma.", "image_path": "mUy5Jnh9cgE_image_ab97f5f2-dac8-40f2-a3d8-df8af49d1945.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2618", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiomyolipoma is a unique type of PEComa that occurs next to the kidney.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_33216a6e-8945-4481-a928-82b630069ae1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2619", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hyalinized vessels and absence of ganglion cells.", "image_path": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2620", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample also shows part of the medulla and renal collecting system, as well as large arteries.", "image_path": "3EefTR4H1yk_image_4f3c0f6f-f2fd-475f-ad25-0ec9b852e591.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2621", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of apoptotic/necrotic/dyskeratotic keratinocytes or savant bodies and cytoid bodies.", "image_path": "aq4wK_g5hJE_image_8259692f-90a8-4ab4-8cc9-80c79c8a6697.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2622", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loose fibromyxoid tissue with no smooth muscle in the polyps.", "image_path": "NoIocHxe_NQ_image_7c951b5e-3a87-4975-b816-8d5711e2ccc2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2623", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferative endometrial glands can be abnormal in atypical hyperplasia.", "image_path": "NklNJ2Z4wMM_image_22d808fd-bcc1-49b5-9242-589aeb058cdc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2624", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of epidermal changes in dermatofibroma and its different subtypes.", "image_path": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_9054f230-9f1e-4a8c-bddd-065632fe616b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2625", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of lymphoepithelial lesions and absence of germinal center formation.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_8a19bcb1-4732-483f-bab3-267ec6d11427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2626", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of elongated cells and nonspecific superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, indicating a possible viral exanthem or purpuric drug eruption.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_601a29dc-db1a-4b53-83f4-ea9812d2ffbd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2627", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis.", "image_path": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2628", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comparison to a borderline serous tumor with hierarchical branching.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_fc733f55-e9bd-49d8-b227-0f50bb8a5505.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "train_2629", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Observations of ducts and cell characteristics, including clear and pale cytoplasm and small, dark, cuboidal cells, suggest eccrine differentiation.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_3b0de83a-90fc-4b09-9312-9321df181019.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2630", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Schaumann bodies (oxalate calcium crystals) and Hamazaki-Wesenberg bodies (lipofuscin) in multinucleated giant cells.", "image_path": "39vySDTk080_image_16f6f75a-c924-4e45-9b73-f2c9ca5db811.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2631", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pattern A has rounded nests without desmoplasia and goes deeper than normal endocervical glands.", "image_path": "UabhnorhisM_image_ded9e151-6025-41b5-8bc6-41b4b13d62c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2632", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Binucleated cells with plasmacytoid appearance, eccentric rounded nuclei, and moderately abundant pale cytoplasm.", "image_path": "cFcpySPD8y8_image_87a0071e-9a0c-4a75-9352-d39a2f5f9ca7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2633", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of dilated blood vessels in the region, referred to as hemorrhoids.", "image_path": "-QoNfyal1bU_image_3ddb0fe0-2026-44f8-be44-3b4e38e27b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2634", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Narrow lumens surrounded by tubes made of stratified cuboidal or simple cuboidal epithelium.", "image_path": "jxpMQj_Q4IQ_image_a3355bf1-4cd6-464c-9bcb-3f8606496178.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2635", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Maxillary sinus mass diagnosed as ameloblastoma.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_2d5468f7-7d3a-4f9e-ba71-8ac92ef4a250.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2636", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears benign with elongated epidermal ridges extending into the dermis.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_9737eef0-5a8b-4e54-b215-65fa57e8b2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2637", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The muscularis mucosae continues from the esophagus down to this level.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_501cf27d-9208-4e87-839f-11fad17862c3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2638", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is usually negative for S100 and SOX10 in its spindle cell form.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_3f3f756c-0c52-41e4-8b1d-e9803f19f8ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2639", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glypican-3 is a useful marker to distinguish between hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma on biopsy.", "image_path": "pdngAhYt8sg_image_39c59a9e-ebc4-480f-9703-3cc4c62a2ddd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2640", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification and description of melanocytes and Langerhans cells in the epidermis.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_3f53c18f-cb4b-405a-aaf5-d362cbb62738.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2641", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Molecular testing is used when struggling to differentiate between tumors.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_3900c56f-66d2-4abc-b0f6-c38fdc8677ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2642", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differentiation between P63-positive prostate cancer and the current case based on the distribution of P63-positive cells.", "image_path": "jzZ96SBcer4_image_642dd993-e51d-4f9e-9d84-44e3b357b91a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2643", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The capsule of the cirrhosis may contain fine nodules of about one millimeter in size.", "image_path": "CV8OYeIUXko_image_7b581a94-9be3-4b95-9fb0-b69899472e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2644", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal bone is arranged in a lamellar architecture with parallel lamellae and oval-shaped osteocytes arranged parallel to the lamellae.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_ef0de7aa-7367-4260-8ded-c2f8e521b345.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2645", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal hyperplasia is present in a localized area.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_3b0dc0d7-6c0b-4f5c-a631-6d6067d96557.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2646", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eccrine syringofibroadenomas can occur as a reaction pattern in patients with stasis dermatitis.", "image_path": "q9_bSt-wMRU_image_8ea5f414-3af5-4e56-a261-55e8a517a0f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2647", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract including the muscle layer (muscularis externa), mucosa layer (lamina propria and connective tissue), and epithelium.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2648", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is undergoing good maturation.", "image_path": "DPNfNuU_49I_image_e96ab633-d6cc-4ffa-9830-9ea7094044cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2649", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It can be poorly or well-circumscribed and has cellular spindle cells with high vascularization, often in myxomatous stroma.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2650", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a hydrocystoma on the ear, which is an epithelial line cyst within the dermis that is typically unilocular but can be multilocular.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_ece78549-9472-410e-92d0-59bf5bbdba3e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2651", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells do not have characteristic nucleolus prominence of Hodgkin-Ritz-Sternberg cell.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_5cce3300-83d0-426f-b4f3-5924af9f2cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2652", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epidermis is acanthotic and there are numerous prominent sebaceous glands, some of which communicate directly with the overlying epidermis.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_90e0e6eb-4f06-442b-9f97-3f18551502d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2653", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Splayed collagen bundles of mucin without nice rings in the skin is consistent with interstitial GA.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_a8b312fc-bce7-46ba-8065-3412be942596.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2654", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inhibin staining shows strong staining in syncytiotrophoblast cells and weak or negative staining in intermediate and cytotrophoblast cells.", "image_path": "u8ehVP0Mh3I_image_da2e7244-018d-483e-b1e7-a3568931b50a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2655", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous tumor with mature sebum sites as the majority of the lesion.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2656", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sporotrichosis can also present with similar patterns of suppurative granulomas and inflammation.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_b0f7cd79-b912-4e61-8b76-e9232628e4f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2657", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible confusion between glomus tumor and skin adnexal tumor due to nested appearance and myxoid background.", "image_path": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_c9fdeb20-df16-4410-bbb5-c2e7a9413510.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2658", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract, including the mucosa, lymphatic nodules with germinative center, lamina propria, submucosa, and muscularis externa.", "image_path": "jFQVD09Hio4_image_c571341f-bb1e-4214-ab30-1926eb010f8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2659", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of four lines in the epithelium is a finding that indicates reactive changes rather than dysplasia.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_fc482707-4d78-437a-bd63-f042a57f328d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2660", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin is activated in these tumors.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2661", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is located in the intraparotid gland tissue.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2662", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelium is described as simple ciliated columnar epithelium, but may appear pseudostratified.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_44175cf2-1055-448e-b860-c2cf44985e22.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2663", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Polarity of cells and maturation of epithelium towards its surface is preserved, but slightly diminished.", "image_path": "nYIrccTYZ5I_image_92924d81-5cbb-4840-aeab-24f66c12dfaf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2664", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion with tubules filled with thick sweat secretion and double layer of cuboidal lining, some with proliferating tufts or papillae or micropapillary urothelial carcinoma into the lumen. Lesion appears infiltrative in the middle but is circumscribed on the outside.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_bf2a337d-6f11-4e1a-b48a-96fe816ad1a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2665", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes can damage and destroy basal keratinocytes.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_1779338b-85e9-480a-92e3-ebd042d4926e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2666", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are non-epithelial and bone marrow-derived, suggesting a lymphoid malignancy such as lymphoma.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_4e7d1dcf-dc93-42f8-a814-b74c2d11a9a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2667", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glandular portion is surrounded by myoepithelium that squeezes it.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_6b10f780-b9f2-4d69-bcd3-abc8d015582f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2668", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear atypia are too prominent for serous borderline tumor.", "image_path": "yUamjxNd7Zw_image_b73f2902-f43a-4d6c-88e4-5b6e7a9ba420.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2669", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The irregular cells are invasive and some appear as glands or individual cells.", "image_path": "TeAgovBGY7M_image_482a3c40-42a5-4410-8e2d-638e1b04db16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2670", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Core of the cytotrophoblast surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, syncytiotrophoblast.", "image_path": "JaO7ZBzmcSw_image_0b30c822-1ec6-473f-83f7-d459a573deb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2671", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry using GATA3 can be used as a marker for breast cancer.", "image_path": "9sKvYYI6CHM_image_6431c4fe-1841-4fb2-8ecc-7667afa5295d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2672", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear atypia are too prominent for serous borderline tumor.", "image_path": "yUamjxNd7Zw_image_b73f2902-f43a-4d6c-88e4-5b6e7a9ba420.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2673", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hyperchromatic scattered cells, some of which are large and others are bland and spindle-shaped.", "image_path": "7AKAeO0mMVM_image_2dab908a-159f-45fa-8b6f-747e7d91b312.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2674", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Palisades alone do not indicate a schwannoma.", "image_path": "0447D-nnHK0_image_750308dd-2b1f-446c-8a6d-151bd2860c8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2675", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to diagnose malignant transformation of a neurofibroma in patients with NF1.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_7fc958c8-849f-4e4b-a9e8-5b3ae4db63d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2676", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of a variant that could disrupt exon splicing enhancer and create a novel exon splicing silencer.", "image_path": "bp5mD2OhORs_image_ab3ef9d1-8eac-4459-92d8-b37e774b1946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Muscular pathology']", "id": "train_2677", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibroma has spindle cells arranged in a pink background, but not in fascicles like dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "iQR0yXEU0Mw_image_9583466c-9d62-491e-8e9c-6ee218f28ecb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2678", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD20 positivity in more atypical Hodgkin lymphoma cells.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_15b03b02-e6c6-4afd-8a00-88bf779ac68d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2679", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear staining morphology to the cells is observed.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_da0d6106-5e0f-4d9a-a897-10db44cc1c53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2680", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes may be present in the epithelium, similar to celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2681", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2682", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignancy in the salivary gland.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_bf59c8d1-dfe8-4844-adaf-89730dae54fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2683", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pink hyaline droplets are present within the individual aggregations.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_badabe6e-202e-4dfe-bb2e-97fbc57ac6ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2684", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extensive tumor necrosis is present.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2685", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor may be a consideration for a solitary nodule in the lung, as myofibroblasts have an elongated appearance.", "image_path": "RDLNw0GLeOI_image_91823c6d-20d9-4a14-8717-48775707f4d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2686", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The rest of the colon is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.", "image_path": "e4EExrlI3d8_image_d8852a4e-4a49-409e-8320-b2bbca57bd34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2687", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vessels become necrotic due to radiation injury.", "image_path": "cwCrin2iRVg_image_7ca96be3-6091-4adc-99ed-792d1cc7923b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2688", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator describes glomus structures and a glomerulus, which is a tangled coil of vessels with lumens lined by endothelial cells.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_e7e7cceb-1e99-43f1-af23-e0a820337b47.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2689", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Precocious puberty can cause early follicular development.", "image_path": "1z0SogcF45M_image_b44eeb74-89cb-4749-9629-4a515b12b20a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2690", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The condition being described is characterized by abrupt onset crusting lesions in flexural areas, trunk, buttocks, and proximal extremities.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_6e89642b-25a0-49e8-92d5-efb800f2b916.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2691", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Coccidioides is an example of a filamentous fungal organism that may require culture for identification.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_b748a481-898e-44e6-a9ec-3be01ba978ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2692", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine stains may be necessary to differentiate between carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "vBiX56pLkIE_image_9eb11d3b-605c-4e45-bf71-8442caeadd87.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2693", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In a clinical setting, stains such as neuroendocrine markers, TTF, P40, and keratin can be used to diagnose nodules.", "image_path": "4i1mnz889bo_image_43863978-fcbe-49c7-a1e7-a2607c93a472.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2694", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy specimen shows a proliferation of capillary vessels arranged in a parallel plate-like fashion, along with solar elastosis, which is characteristic of an acquired elastotic hemangioma.", "image_path": "4prnXBarImo_image_3ffb206d-bed8-4143-ae19-04a44019d789.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2695", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the thymus as located dorsally to the sternum, arising from the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm, and producing immunocompetent T lymphocytes.", "image_path": "PfXJBTXFALY_image_b8644d28-7b0f-4855-8781-6398c33526c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2696", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of microcystic structures with mucin, resembling an intraductal process.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_66cdf05a-586f-4662-a5ac-e0ebb4cb95bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2697", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is usually necrotic, at least partially, and under the microscope, we can see necrotic areas lined by viable tumor tissue.", "image_path": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_58ef792a-b0df-4c0d-954c-2699dbe7f3e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2698", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large nodular aggregates of pale or clear cells.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2699", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macroplastique can be an unexpected finding in urethral or bladder biopsies.", "image_path": "sr1ohVqzhK0_image_f235378c-40de-42b6-b8aa-600255866d34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2700", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Key to diagnosis is recognizing sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "EWQO4Ih9dZo_image_7b1ecf58-42d5-4050-9d38-2565f08675f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2701", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of goblet cells scattered within the lining epithelium is called intestinal metaplasia, indicating gastric atrophy.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2702", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis in this case was a solitary fibrous tumor.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_fef13514-e44d-4c2e-b65b-ae12df6dc131.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2703", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of an ulcer with crust, scale, and neutrophils on top and thickening of epidermis at the edge with reactive change.", "image_path": "a8Dh17320AQ_image_7d6544bc-8154-494e-9a18-606e19643e7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2704", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reticulohistiocytomas have a fine density of cytoplasm, giving it a hazy appearance.", "image_path": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2705", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "BCL-10, trypsin, and chymotrypsin are classic immunohistochemical stains used for acinar cell differentiation.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_a4fd689b-67be-430f-bab4-cde26924a93e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2706", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metaplasia of renal tubules and chronic inflammation in interstitium observed.", "image_path": "hJSfEAQkaBM_image_3f693a68-0d52-4250-9d83-4285379b0841.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2707", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a classic granuloma with multinucleated giant cells and necrosis.", "image_path": "uxKoLtL_n3w_image_f6dd4f22-3724-4aba-8ad2-1614222eaacc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2708", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of needle-like crystals that radiate from the periphery of the cell, which is a characteristic finding of these conditions.", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_b05a6509-c8c4-435b-ad68-a5a0a6db82d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2709", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ependymomas are tumors of ependymal origin, which have some epithelial features including presence of cilia, microvilli, and tight junctions.", "image_path": "GeEkizDf2H0_image_04e2576f-0f96-4c20-8ab4-0cae433f9a95.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2710", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin biopsy shows spongiosis changes, which means edema of the epidermis with fluid collection between the keratinocytes.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_96e4e0e8-989a-4ccf-9be3-1119eda19cb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2711", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of bile duct injury with irregular lumina and unevenly spaced nuclei.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_35cfe1c2-fff5-4fa0-af71-ceb6c8b6e706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2712", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The vessel wall is involved with neutrophils, and there is edema and fibrinoid necrosis around the vessels.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_25e3b830-a398-4f78-bbc1-5440c39a1840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2713", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows post-inflammatory changes consistent with lichen planus. It is important to systematically examine the stratum corneum and work down through the epidermis and dermis to make a correct diagnosis. Fungal hyphae are present in the upper reaches of the stratum corneum, producing a clinically pigmented lesion. The biopsy was obtained to rule out the possibility of an amelanotic melanoma.", "image_path": "F1SAm__cYzs_image_0a7d9c34-d4d6-4c5a-b6dd-aba07d901790.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2714", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Different scenarios for papillary carcinoma include classic and follicular follicles, follicular variants of papillary carcinoma, and encapsulated lesions with capsular invasion or lymphovascular invasion.", "image_path": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_fd349c13-69a8-4026-bbd1-46df8083ff4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2715", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Meisscher's granulomas are granulomas around cleft-like spaces, characterized by the presence of giant cells.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_e003f1dc-59c6-4d24-ab67-1507888292be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2716", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiomyolipoma belongs to the family of tumors called PEComas (perivascular epithelioid cell tumors).", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_33216a6e-8945-4481-a928-82b630069ae1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2717", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the unique histology of syphilis, including psoriasiform hyperplasia, lichenoid reaction, and plasma cells.", "image_path": "I9J2tETPRiI_image_1f03550d-4ede-44d4-89ac-ea9a23402056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2718", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitoses are present throughout the sample.", "image_path": "Ci76-_yj_1g_image_d2f22e22-3667-4588-a730-fa550fde16fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2719", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular infiltrative cells with abnormality in the papillary dermis, mostly papillary dermis, showing LSNA reaction pattern with sclerosis, identified as lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_c0932820-27ef-4b04-9ad6-458e624223cb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2720", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is replete with papillary mesenchymal bodies, which can be seen in the described structure.", "image_path": "91bmJtttGW0_image_63c4edff-90ac-4f68-99ca-2a58c5e54f62.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2721", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Barrett's and gastric type of mucosa in the upper end of the esophagus.", "image_path": "0iTQqvt0UVE_image_8b28d04a-b0ce-414f-8bdf-7b8332d50c3a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2722", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tunica media of the vessel wall contains smooth muscle.", "image_path": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_1ee20f5d-b59f-49f8-9d20-bc150575f06b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2723", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2724", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Soft tissue tumors are relatively rare and can arise in various regions of the body, including the distal extremities.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_7d5dc987-d63b-4798-ac0b-851341f9b5d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2725", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myrmecia refers to the clinical appearance of a wart, usually on the sole.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_8fafb286-b750-4cd9-b839-53b4d187ac01.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2726", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of collapsed vitreous material and fibrovascular membrane in a growth, possibly related to retinoblastoma.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_842c6519-e033-4fcb-b931-5c175a226749.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2727", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Distinct irregularities in the nuclei with folded and grooved appearance and pseudoinclusion suggest a specific morphology.", "image_path": "e-tVDfAl5Ac_image_a5f8b156-97a5-48e1-8d08-ea9b04e85518.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2728", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of lymph node structure and function, including afferent lymphocytes entering through the subcapsular sinus and T and B lymphocytes located in the cortex and medulla.", "image_path": "lKx0KfYwmSQ_image_91ccbc68-f3cf-4f94-acff-6bb871e8f19b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2729", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis is fibrotic and contains collections of epithelioid histiocytes, many of them multinucleated, indicating granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_670ff0fe-20dc-46c7-8a0a-c91e0ecc22ee.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2730", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Combination of slightly plump, histiocytoid cells with a few cells having prominent nucleolus.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_5cce3300-83d0-426f-b4f3-5924af9f2cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2731", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cystic changes are common in ameloblastoma.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_2d5468f7-7d3a-4f9e-ba71-8ac92ef4a250.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2732", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bright yellow color of the adrenal cortex is due to the cells making steroid hormones.", "image_path": "JAqYJgpHtbo_image_88c85331-231e-495a-b223-f313c0714075.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2733", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinically, granuloma annulare often presents as annular lesions or papules.", "image_path": "CFqFsa6Fvbs_image_ee72d2d5-96a4-4e78-bbca-270d6dd1b685.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2734", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Symmetry should be judged on low to medium power.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_21f8585a-238a-4b0e-84dd-33cadbbe8e23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2735", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma formation and presence of intracellular organisms, giant cell formation, and neutrophilic abscess formation.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2736", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is likely MSI unstable. The tumor has gone through the muscularis mucosae and is involving the submucosa with abundant desmoplastic reaction, and is crossing into the muscularis propria. The location of the tumor in relation to the muscle layers is not clinically significant, except for whether or not it has crossed the muscularis mucosae.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_edf3a88b-0377-4190-b7b2-debb20997866.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2737", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Left temporal mass with astrocytoma and abnormal ganglion cells.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2738", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The area marked as A contains glands and is adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "GUsrQFV-YoE_image_bd00c95c-072f-4419-9092-6a2fbf31e069.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2739", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a well-circumscribed lesion in the myometrium as a leiomyoma.", "image_path": "EZFjtxnkkMM_image_b7630893-d0d9-4c7c-a281-719474cd7ad4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2740", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intervening unstained sections are used for immunohistochemistry to evaluate for cancer or invasion without wasting tissue or losing diagnostic material.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_b1734c62-b3b0-41d6-9c0d-de668b9db411.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2741", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text also mentions the vascular supply of lymph nodes, with small arteries entering at the hilum area and small veins draining and exiting through the same region.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_40d35a64-c5c2-466d-b96a-4b1a52760d99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2742", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells can be seen going up into the epithelium in pustular psoriasis.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_98f97355-f6bc-4387-871c-44358baa6108.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2743", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Section of the aorta is an example of the elastic or one of the conducting arteries.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_f640d128-8bc0-45c5-b5da-d94e5bbec686.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2744", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy confirms the diagnosis of demodex folliculitis.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_9301ae4f-a309-4db6-a2f7-797c6e5f5e88.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2745", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuoles can be seen in various tumors, including epithelioid hemangioma/ALHE, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and epithelioid angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_0f7a1b15-6db1-4f80-be8f-9fba4047a426.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2746", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of cornoid lamella in the center of the lesion, with epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The epidermis outside the cornoid lamella is normal. These findings are indicative of porokeratosis.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_b1e6e09c-d3cb-4e00-a653-ada9200a6fef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2747", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MPNST almost never occurs in the skin, but arises from deep nerves or a deep neurofibroma.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_3f3f756c-0c52-41e4-8b1d-e9803f19f8ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2748", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is discussing a benign and solitary lesion that is commonly seen in elderly patients, sometimes appearing in pairs.", "image_path": "ojpDE1aSJGg_image_7e1038e6-2b17-423a-bbf7-a5827f19a227.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2749", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle only, while the second 1 quarter has a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle, and the distal half has only smooth muscle.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2750", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solitary fibrous tumor can be confused with DFSP, but can be differentiated with NAB2, STAT6 translocation and STAT6 immunohistochemistry.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_4a351d53-2aef-45da-b99c-4ac24ecf453e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2751", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a very vascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate, but it is not malignant.", "image_path": "ZTsQFPhW26Y_image_9ec79bad-0ce6-4f42-af3f-37bbd75d3f04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2752", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a patchy infiltrate but no interface.", "image_path": "wMlkkKUtlrg_image_d396cf67-d108-43fc-bfc7-211e52f2a3e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2753", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The growth seen in this case is sheet-like and may be a medullary-like tumor.", "image_path": "MhEhXWhB7ro_image_2cff83c1-9eeb-4e36-97bf-ec993fc2ccbd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2754", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of well-formed vacuolated cytoplasm and papillary structure in PTC.", "image_path": "4-YScooR2nE_image_548ff7f0-7959-4743-9faa-8559aea30747.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2755", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A large interlobular duct can be seen at the red arrow.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_05295715-f026-4e5f-a691-c9ebbb51456e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2756", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Testicular biopsy taken to investigate infertility.", "image_path": "ngthzeVx2s8_image_c5ede696-ade3-4fd2-ac1a-71d3cb8a4ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2757", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of occasional mitotic activity and atypical mitotic activity.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_66c7166d-9b79-4d57-b8f8-d427d1c151d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2758", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue shown contains small collagen fibers, indicating loose connective tissue.", "image_path": "xpc_DCJBvK4_image_16d4829c-8d10-4f63-890c-7a6347d74211.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2759", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cellular blue nevus typically has a conventional blue nevus component at the upper periphery of the lesion.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_993e375e-c110-48e7-8d5c-1f00b798a55a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2760", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal columnar epithelium is present in the appendix and colon.", "image_path": "KO291SXq44U_image_06289315-7726-4b7a-b1b4-c20d657ae07d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2761", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bland tumor cells arranged in broad sweeping fascicles.", "image_path": "3pw1ClJBYs8_image_6d7a5f96-26c9-4a6a-a86a-c418eb659f4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2762", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Slide 17 shows a spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerves, and different layers including the dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and pia mater.", "image_path": "YYGAjjDBrzM_image_73b9abab-629d-4925-b2fa-87cb93fec518.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2763", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of gaps in the venous wall and supporting collagen adventitia.", "image_path": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_9675f5d5-627e-44d0-a9d3-4f243fe6624a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2764", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes fibromatosis or nuchal fibroma.", "image_path": "UdnN_bDd9eM_image_706feb67-dec9-4c87-a616-be44a9975344.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2765", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the esophagus and its submucosa, including the presence of mucous secreting glands or seromucous glands in the upper and distal thirds.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_98dfe49f-52e8-4944-a7c7-60e326102d5b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2766", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is lymphocytic gastritis, characterized by intraepithelial lymphocytes with a halo artifact.", "image_path": "XIEbm1ODg2Q_image_4a77678d-fb00-4d5a-9bee-5f5b6ecd92e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2767", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No highly eosinophilic parietal cells are seen in the glands underneath.", "image_path": "5PjDcGH2okQ_image_db99216d-d51d-4f15-8cac-cb1c38ee6693.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2768", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of parakeratosis, which is a chronic granular layer and can be seen in discoid lupus.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_53f451f9-12e8-4637-8a0a-bd5e20d6b90c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2769", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2770", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low power examination is a crucial step in the exam.", "image_path": "rUG921simVU_image_cb6116e4-a146-4e85-ad94-6befb0d38294.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2771", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No markedly thick invasive membrane zone or follicular plugging observed, indicating a subacute form of lupus erythematosus (LE).", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_a4287b0e-38ea-43ad-99dd-67b22d13d153.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2772", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multinucleated giant cells are present due to the ingestion of dead keratin material, which the body does not tend to like in deeper tissues.", "image_path": "WoAhH97IWHQ_image_3a9dc915-bbf2-4277-9429-3451f1cbbdd0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2773", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Appearance of a hyperplastic polyp with a frilly appearance that is somewhat cauterized on the surface.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_a485063b-b66e-4d0d-9b19-164a0196c35b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2774", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid and broad appearance of the thyroid.", "image_path": "_j4_u4XSKmY_image_13d2b0aa-b5a9-4d19-ac96-020d54d02838.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2775", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_66c7166d-9b79-4d57-b8f8-d427d1c151d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2776", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The medullary ray is a collection of straight tubules and collecting ducts radiating into the cortex.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2777", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma x pleomorphic adenoma is a collision tumor of carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma, with the ductal component of the adenoma going malignant.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_97e1a0dd-ebdc-4499-b01a-558f3371104d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2778", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is myxoid and high grade with pleomorphism, nuclear variability, myxoid change, and solid areas.", "image_path": "0sc1iOAZf9k_image_36249ef9-58f2-43cb-a3dd-8f7f4680d1e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2779", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with multiple trichilemmomas may have syndromes like Cowden's.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2780", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Embryonal carcinoma is a malignancy of germ cells and can have glandular-like features.", "image_path": "Ot3QjXcFim4_image_29da17a4-afb7-46e8-86ff-ee6619e3b986.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2781", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of segmental necrotizing lesion in a portion of the glomerulus.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_a1f7a27a-4ff1-440a-bc08-b50b74b03b8c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2782", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows features of a targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, which has superficial features resembling lymphangioma and deep hemosiderin deposits.", "image_path": "ii4nWR8c4is_image_0339b035-f57d-49d2-b689-c253194f7060.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2783", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis based on classic pattern of the \"marquee sign\" with promastigotes at the periphery of histiocytes.", "image_path": "xYQDTxFK4ks_image_9c3bacda-9c86-4d2c-93d9-efb92d0b5d37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2784", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The duodenum has submucosal mucous glands called Brunner glands.", "image_path": "67KMWRkklJE_image_dba79d82-3a0e-4ae9-90f4-2236a6714794.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2785", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of goblet cells scattered within the lining epithelium is called intestinal metaplasia, indicating gastric atrophy.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2786", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features to look for in diagnosing granuloma annulare include altered collagen within the palisade and increased mucin within the palisade if a mucin stain is done.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fdec37-3457-4528-96eb-ef57a768602a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2787", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prussian blue stain is used to detect iron.", "image_path": "WOik1qFB85I_image_6624da95-bfd2-45f7-9303-8c546057a90d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2788", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a pattern of dyskeratotic cells at the DEJ, indicating an interface.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_aeb0c983-684f-4e9b-b488-8b88ffdd962c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_2789", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells do not have characteristic nucleolus prominence of Hodgkin-Ritz-Sternberg cell.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_5cce3300-83d0-426f-b4f3-5924af9f2cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2790", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells sit on a basement membrane which cannot be seen without PAS staining material.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2791", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in cells.", "image_path": "BfbY9Xi9ERw_image_c430031e-0a28-4a5f-84e1-e15b0e03f686.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2792", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The myofibroblastoma has a tissue culture arrangement similar to cells grown in a laboratory.", "image_path": "wj4KG2fmOGk_image_e0b9d95c-336f-4cf5-947e-f3498fe75567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2793", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to diagnose malignant transformation of a neurofibroma.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_4f6f7384-7f8b-4a15-903f-4321e4821b8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2794", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinoma can arise from different pathways, including ultraviolet light damage and Merkel cell polyomavirus.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_a7212596-7274-4a87-ae6c-18b9045ed7cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2795", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nerve bundles and purely serous glands are found in the oral cavity, specifically associated with the tongue and vallate papillae.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_d4d81087-c7a3-4fdb-8817-4786e58944be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2796", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of trabeculae and trabecular arteries in the spleen.", "image_path": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2797", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of stasis dermatitis, a chronic lesion with irregular epidermal hyperplasia and nodular angiogenesis within the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_32aa0fe6-ab0b-4877-9406-869e0c0318d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2798", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fenestrations to the peripheral area suggest possibility of invasion.", "image_path": "gjP6hW4QB2M_image_055b0efc-96c4-4978-ba1c-c03e91eb4269.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2799", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patient is a 20-year-old male with a thigh nodule that was excised.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_a185be8c-0954-42c8-a3c1-91b4026a3113.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2800", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The region being examined is synovium, which resembles an epithelial layer but is not tightly held together.", "image_path": "bhAdg0NfxW4_image_8373b3ff-066d-42a5-a0cf-76dbae620b4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2801", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of colonic epithelium and its physical characteristics, including goblet cells and vasculature.", "image_path": "s-Xpvxhd16Q_image_ae01d1c3-cefc-45d5-b7a5-79ea62a0b067.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2802", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal cells have too many or too few chromosomes and form atypical mitoses.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_60ad54d7-4e44-4041-9b1f-461bce9e0f95.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2803", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A punch biopsy shows a dense superficial lymphoid infiltrate.", "image_path": "0jIctZfs8os_image_055bd49b-71e3-4d6c-8224-85b0572c703a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2804", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Careful examination is necessary to rule out melanoma.", "image_path": "Iw_dUC1TMfk_image_42ad98a6-be23-42ea-9f8e-2554f825dc8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2805", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of MDM2 testing using fish or immunostain, with caution that the immunostain is not perfect and may stain histiocyte nuclei.", "image_path": "uAyORtxPlEo_image_eec6d641-ec72-4881-b703-081a3683a02e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2806", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic activity is not very prominent.", "image_path": "4FWuPEXo-a0_image_d8591581-4a41-4e17-9301-4d74c7451d6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2807", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Stroma can help differentiate trichoblastoma from basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_aa77bde4-4a7b-4c41-84b1-87c100069f80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2808", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions.", "image_path": "w4c6TWt7Wbo_image_7688d478-c3a8-4854-a49f-68bb8de7e700.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2809", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD117-negative mastocytoma may be mistaken for early Xanthogranuloma.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_59e8ec85-fa97-4e37-a3f8-61f0a0a07c99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2810", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lentigo simplex in older patients in exposed areas may be mistaken for lentigo maligna.", "image_path": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_512eb04b-ab52-4d57-9ac3-376b767b0cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2811", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma formation and presence of intracellular organisms, giant cell formation, and neutrophilic abscess formation.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2812", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell morphology is not typical of squamous cells, but can occur.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_01e324fa-9f50-438a-9039-5b0ed0205c43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2813", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Giant cells with copious cytoplasm and marinaform nuclei are present in the sample.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_f3237fb2-a830-4fbd-8914-801e106dfb56.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2814", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of pink globules with pigment incontinence in the papillary dermis may indicate amyloidosis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_a629fc33-21ae-44fd-ac20-3e32cd165e05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2815", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal nevus is a benign hamartoma that is usually present since birth.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_ed374f4e-b2ad-4390-81dc-9da1ba0aaf53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2816", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened walls of blood vessels due to their inability to keep up with pooling of blood and lymphatics.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2817", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recognition of the pattern of bland cells with delicate branching vessels is important for diagnosis.", "image_path": "9L4rE9_mZ2c_image_1e0ea4f9-cc1b-419d-8efd-f7b71284e5c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2818", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Out-pouchings of the mucosa into the muscularis of the gallbladder are known as Rokitansky-Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses and are a frequent feature of chronic cholecystitis.", "image_path": "Af3bhbUyU-k_image_545182ce-5a00-4b82-924a-b67d3f358beb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2819", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD15 and CD30 negativity helps differentiate from Hodgkin-Eastenberg cells.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_d3551d8e-316c-4867-83be-a6b25d20d55e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2820", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Staining of material appears blue, while the pink area is well demarcated and contains irregular branching sheets of eosinophilic cells and lymphocytes.", "image_path": "ccZddl1YFRY_image_9db90863-d293-4a1b-9eba-55022a2afc0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2821", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Phyllodes tumors are fibroepithelial lesions of the breast with both stromal and epithelial components.", "image_path": "2t0vRRwAX94_image_0f560ae2-2644-47dd-b997-0d746a651a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2822", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a tumor in the thyroid gland with follicular structures in its architecture.", "image_path": "c4ykiVwTdYM_image_f37f5f1e-557e-4c05-bf7a-f74eca86cddb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2823", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The process is confined to dermis and spares the epidermis.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2824", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epidermal involvement should also be assessed, including the presence of spongiosis.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_88d7c227-32e8-451d-bdfb-d72d0c35d40c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2825", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The intercalated duct has a small lumen and is adjacent to the sublingual gland.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2826", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of melanoma and its various presentations, including pitfalls in diagnosis such as mistaking it for neuroendocrine carcinoma or failing to recognize metastasis.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_9bd40724-5088-4d85-a066-35df4da57124.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2827", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of lymph node histology and anatomy, including the outer limiting capsule of collagen, subcapsular sinus, cortex, medullary sinuses, trabeculae, and reticular connective tissue.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_724b5c24-ced5-43dd-aaec-8f73e7466f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2828", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Meckel's cartilage is present in the region of the developing mandible.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_d8b74daf-ca54-4a24-845f-17bda110d9d6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2829", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Low-grade tumor with small cystic spaces and low mitotic activity, which may require further immunohistochemistry stains to confirm.", "image_path": "_RBvu4FvZ7E_image_69f72c4c-860a-4d88-b7e5-080e0aabccb3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2830", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells demonstrate pseudoinclusions, small nucleoli, or grooves in the nuclei.", "image_path": "tLRt68kUhHo_image_9154eb6c-da27-4238-80cf-42e5921c0b8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2831", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of osteitis, which is associated with hyperparathyroidism.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_9a5d8804-73ed-431b-b572-5fa15939b99e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2832", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Confluent keratinocytic atypia throughout the epithelium suggests squamous cell carcinoma in situ.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_01e324fa-9f50-438a-9039-5b0ed0205c43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2833", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma with a polymorphous infiltrate and marked fibrosis.", "image_path": "vseleAkfH-s_image_1c9c2039-8a13-4421-b6b0-79edda4ba70c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2834", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The vas deferens has a thick coat of smooth muscle, making it a firm structure.", "image_path": "1WOcWthZjrE_image_fb01bc56-582f-4f97-be27-c8640aeb36b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2835", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of identifiable P63 positive cells may indicate a certain diagnosis.", "image_path": "gx0I18ly6qA_image_75547089-7221-439e-a279-fb0b54be409a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2836", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presumptive diagnosis of lung tissue based on presence of air spaces, squamous cells, and RBCs.", "image_path": "WOik1qFB85I_image_2dc8b1d3-a332-4689-b94b-9c4d86f2f1d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2837", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skeletal muscle fibers from the upper 1 quarter of the esophageal wall are type IIa fast-contracting, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2838", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of macrophages and melanocytes in a lesion, with the cells being indistinguishable from each other, leading to difficulty in diagnosis.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_bde52638-fda2-48c3-9535-f6ddc4fd387f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2839", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of an obviously malignant cell with prominent nucleoli and abnormal and increased mitoses, which is indicative of malignant melanoma.", "image_path": "k5F261IUTcY_image_89175480-7acf-4097-957b-9fefacbcf1f0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2840", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Deeper sections may reveal granulomas with multinucleated giant cells.", "image_path": "S_5-xb2d8-0_image_fb60a031-379d-41bb-9ca7-a0e2ada31af3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2841", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperkeratotic papula with possible atypia in the epidermis, possibly indicating a hack or Bowen's disease.", "image_path": "QZwad9UWrv0_image_da57a53a-89a3-40c0-aafe-1af5a5dbf476.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2842", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mass extends from the area of lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulb within one hemisphere.", "image_path": "Yflf0R3yLUQ_image_573015e5-2c56-44e6-985c-a73fd0cbf9dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2843", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of chondrosarcoma or osteosarcoma in hands and feet is difficult and requires expertise in bone and soft tissue pathology.", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_d36f8527-b73f-461b-bf3d-917cf3696c41.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2844", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The melanoma being discussed is a mucosal melanoma, with atypical melanocytes localized in the upper portion.", "image_path": "jFfXznvLaL4_image_72eb34fd-db96-4d42-ace4-8399c306bd8b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2845", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigment in pigmented neurofibromas is melanin and these cells potentially stay with melanocytic markers.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2846", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of cytological atypia and the presence of severely atypical nuclei in a sample.", "image_path": "RvnQFR2XDEw_image_29ec57fe-dd2c-488f-b6c8-080d61eef09f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2847", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The specimen contained within the lone collection is the corpus spongiosum of urethra, which is an example of some erectile tissue, as well as the penile urethra contained within it.", "image_path": "-6p9M6fWjGM_image_c75f16f0-cbea-4073-ab86-8b5bda7abb32.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "train_2848", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comparison of histological features between adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma.", "image_path": "1eNtgnl8l8E_image_2fa86d7c-dfbb-437d-9176-e74c1966dc02.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2849", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of dermal duct tumor and poromas with monotony of cellular population", "image_path": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_5c09b6ce-881a-45de-9558-f7e2eef7d13a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2850", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation and hyperchromasia can indicate dysplasia.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_20485e42-53e9-4679-a59d-ca3fb35947db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2851", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation and hyperchromasia can indicate dysplasia.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_20485e42-53e9-4679-a59d-ca3fb35947db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2852", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal liver parenchyma with pseudopalar appearance seen at the margin.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_77f3e9f6-7124-41d9-bd8a-373c2c70fe85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2853", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Type 2 crescentic glomerulonephritis is caused by streptococcal infection.", "image_path": "ezlSFk1Gsz4_image_f4a1d042-27da-43bd-92ab-edf026287d1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2854", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The case is an obvious mass, a resected anterior mediastinal lesion, with a huge epithelial proliferation that takes it out of the realm of thymic hyperplasia or normal thymus.", "image_path": "AXx7tMkKVRk_image_167a21fe-19c6-42de-9ad0-85b7008561ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Thoracic', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2855", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that can be differentiated from tumors from other sites using TTF1 and neuroendocrine stains like synaptophysin and chromogranin. Physical characteristics of the tumor include smudgy blue cells with multiple nuclei and no palisading or stroma.", "image_path": "klP3muDrdf8_image_1228631f-941d-408b-a05e-05b277a7f98c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2856", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spindle cells arranged in sweeping fascicles with slightly pleomorphic nuclei and individual erythrocytes between the fascicles and within a sclerotic stroma is a characteristic feature of nodular or plaque stage, late plaque stage KS.", "image_path": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_28ecfdcd-fc2e-47bc-88cd-f1287343514a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2857", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The periosteum in a growing embryo is prominent and has a thick hypercellular cambium layer.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_37547f68-0274-4c73-b1d2-3718d8cdada6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2858", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This is an example of a cutaneous neurofibroma.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_58909be3-2367-4266-ad32-2d2adde93b25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2859", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Enamel matrix-like calcifications can be seen in the background of dense pink dentin-like material.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_04777246-4402-4a86-981c-32af2cb28de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_2860", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intervening unstained sections are used for immunohistochemistry to evaluate for cancer or invasion without wasting tissue or losing diagnostic material.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_8fd08890-2b1b-48ec-ba79-ef37d81c40b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2861", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemorrhage and pigment in the lung may be expected in patients on hemodialysis.", "image_path": "7lAm4dSv1HM_image_43ff44d6-2b53-4df8-a10e-9a553c0d3431.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2862", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are whirls present that may be caused by meningothelial cells.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d8818de2-e376-454b-8558-f16b537370d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2863", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Densely eosinophilic cytoplasm with true pseudoinclusions that are pink in the center.", "image_path": "OSgUIW-CLw4_image_26dc45d8-1da7-4475-bf64-e4165ef50966.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2864", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Molluscum is a pox virus infection that can cause multiple lesions on the skin.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_9c67af19-b86f-4325-adf8-6bd5e59ec53f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2865", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Another area of the slide shows a spindle cell neoplasm with atypical cells.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_b3bc6e9e-3a58-4c05-9767-5f54739a7b2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2866", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reticular fibers form a major component of the stroma of most cellular and epithelial type organs.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_edf6b0e4-bfd0-4623-9e7f-ae8b3a6c36db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2867", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "On hydromagnification, there is proliferation of endometrial proliferative type glands with pseudostratified epithelium and mitotic activity.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_89c24de4-ee90-45fe-935c-237230708788.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2868", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigmented lesion is mainly located in the upper half of the reticular dermis, with some involvement in the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "Bmzu0oPvu9o_image_a5327ef0-b1dd-4ee7-b7dd-ca6e0da340af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2869", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A 64-year-old male presented with a 4-centimeter pancreatic tumor lesion", "image_path": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_c89a8c13-58be-409e-be45-8575bab1984f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2870", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The infiltrate is encroaching upon the lower part of the epidermis.", "image_path": "3gb4NGtNFxE_image_5a895bd2-4ed6-44d0-b427-aa47c36cb96c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2871", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nodules have a mixoid background, even within zones of cellularity. The cells are not spindle-shaped, but rather round or ovoid, which is typical of fibrohistiocytic tumors.", "image_path": "c2S_vipzy74_image_6f950035-7ec5-4b46-9642-e09272b84166.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2872", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigmented neurofibromas tend to have a predilection towards patients with neurofibromatosis type one.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2873", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of smooth muscle and pinwheel-like structures may indicate angiomyolipoma.", "image_path": "iCFdKD-pNpE_image_2616a829-57c4-40a7-b78f-ab0b5317a6ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2874", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Soft tissue mass found at the site of a bone fracture in an elderly person, which was a secondary reactive proliferation of reactive myofibroblasts present in the skeletal muscle and soft tissue directly adjacent to the bone.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_1da46b58-1fdf-433a-a0e1-f1b466899e3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2875", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Micro papillae with scant or no stromal cores are a characteristic feature of a certain type of tumor.", "image_path": "Ur-spG3-avA_image_02a876ff-527d-472a-a06c-4c21247e3438.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2876", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the muscular layers of the small intestine, including the muscularis interna and externa, which are made of smooth muscle and control the movement of villi.", "image_path": "3rMpMfnLOHs_image_84739d5d-42b2-463a-bdf3-657e46e9298c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2877", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a classic example of calciphylaxis, which can have a mortality rate of 6-80%.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_4a58ddfe-b40f-4c89-a400-a085a1e9aed1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2878", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The PCT directly attaches to the renal corpuscle in this case.", "image_path": "JbE62efgH6c_image_af6a8397-09f3-4527-bf3b-e01130c10d2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2879", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of cellular polarity and disorganization of the epithelium is a feature of malignancy.", "image_path": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_89061fe6-278c-4979-aa7c-6db7a20e095b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2880", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a hair follicle in telogen phase, which may be related to alopecia areata or trichotillomania.", "image_path": "ss0DwWugylg_image_6d591d49-cddf-4846-808a-9b7e562cd6c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2881", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis between warty dyskeratoma and acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma based on atypicality of keratinocytes and presence of mitotic figures.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_6a0d995f-9c79-4d16-b501-ef59cca23094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2882", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired.", "image_path": "91JekccsN80_image_6216959f-92d5-4428-a9a7-e89495a9a1db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2883", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The region of connective tissue shown is the renal capsule of the kidney.", "image_path": "EchGRGULuS8_image_26dd1460-fc28-4554-9f50-97ec595a48cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2884", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No presence of neutrophils or parakeratosis in the infiltrate", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2885", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It can be challenging to differentiate from low-grade myxofibrosarcoma or fibromyxosarcoma, and a high degree of suspicion is necessary when mitotic figures are present.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2886", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Periungual fibroma of tuberous sclerosis is more vascular and like an angiofibroma.", "image_path": "kQ84_IYtEf0_image_0948035a-5c62-470b-8615-39ea78749524.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2887", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different immunostains to differentiate between skin adnexal tumors and metastatic adenocarcinomas.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2888", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It is customary to mention the number of prostate chips involved by the tumor, the percentage of tissue involved, and the linear length of prostatic carcinoma in any given segment when reporting on TURP.", "image_path": "V_MrdEuNk7A_image_cc853f53-dfb2-45cf-bead-c1ef895f2bf6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2889", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Direct immunofluorescence shows fluorescence between keratinocytes.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2890", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperchromasia and mitotic figures can help confirm the diagnosis.", "image_path": "D5pzStfqRa8_image_cc78a1fc-4b47-42f5-b206-69410f57d5bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_2891", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of venous stasis with inflammation and extravasated red cells.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2892", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focus on thickening of the septae with fibrinoid change and edema, and increase in collagen, indicating chronic inflammation.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2893", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Enamel matrix-like calcifications can be seen in the background of dense pink dentin-like material.", "image_path": "ohA2WNFEt6k_image_04777246-4402-4a86-981c-32af2cb28de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Odontogenic']", "id": "train_2894", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant pilomatricoma or pilomatrical carcinoma can be diagnosed by seeing areas of transition to ghost cell focally or of some trichohyalin granules.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_782b9aff-1ba8-4846-9ffe-217743eeda7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2895", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of chronic inflammation surrounding a prostate gland.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "train_2896", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is identified by pink fibrin layers around vessel lumen, neutrophils, nuclear dust, and red cell extravasation.", "image_path": "NAhToPNWF5k_image_c2cb8982-2b13-40f9-90b3-26ad541c2d21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2897", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High grade dysplasia driven by high risk HPV identified as condyloma with HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_649bf4c8-82af-45b6-9318-c93eddb24946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2898", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stain EMA was positive in this case, while desmin was negative.", "image_path": "kmJj2ak__SY_image_2286796e-435d-4302-bd3a-966a31340a5e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2899", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Severe hypoxia due to lung injury may be responsible for acute tubular necrosis.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ad476523-718e-42f6-958a-aa05e448ea21.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2900", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell RCC is associated with the pathogenesis of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.", "image_path": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_1c7cf05a-3852-46aa-a430-d69f8ca383e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2901", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratin-filled cysts and multinucleated giant cells are characteristic of this entity, but can also be seen in other tumors.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_f09d7715-4ab6-4456-b1c0-e2430ea7b2b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2902", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nottingham classification scheme is not typically applied to breast tumors in lymph nodes.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_ed6cc2f0-1acc-4086-a5cd-15fce8b85977.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2903", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2904", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin is activated in these tumors.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_36a7ca5a-b7dd-420a-ab70-61cb83b091bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2905", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Effacement of the reedy and thinning of the epidermis are features of chronicity.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_53f451f9-12e8-4637-8a0a-bd5e20d6b90c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2906", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Alcian blue can be used to stain for hyaluronic acid, which is a connective tissue mucin produced by fibroblasts and histiocytes.", "image_path": "k7Uu7qGEs0Q_image_dd4dac73-e3fb-4442-8566-9d35e9a7a278.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2907", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is not a specific marker and can be seen in other fibroblastic tumors and vascular tumors.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_10bc3880-af55-4c3d-ae67-7da8de57b446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2908", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal cells have too many or too few chromosomes and form atypical mitoses.", "image_path": "72cHFeWTTbM_image_60ad54d7-4e44-4041-9b1f-461bce9e0f95.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2909", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has two components, with both epithelioid and spindle cells present.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_ae71e082-8d24-4ef5-a116-ca3d36135e94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2910", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cytology shows spindle cells that are variable in size and hyperchromatic.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2911", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic inflammation is minimal.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_b90299ae-2a9f-4959-9195-f2948c6a95a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2912", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of wet serum and neutrophils suggests an infection, which is not psoriasis.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "train_2913", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nerve bundles and purely serous glands are found in the oral cavity, specifically associated with the tongue and vallate papillae.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_d4d81087-c7a3-4fdb-8817-4786e58944be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2914", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas.", "image_path": "SnTbrq_wfnc_image_485895ec-5123-47fe-a39c-fbbbe289a9a2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2915", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Skin involvement is usually secondary to direct extension from a deeply located tumor.", "image_path": "Doa8uxc706Q_image_15d3850e-cdeb-46ff-ba0c-a37dad4f53e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2916", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The wider excision of a lesion showed a nodular and focal morphic basal cell carcinoma with even margins, indicating the need for further treatment.", "image_path": "fCZ-V4JDZeM_image_55b67075-da02-4e92-98d7-cb20fe7a6c80.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2917", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High mitotic activity in the region for the production of T lymphocytes.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_6d21e231-a42c-4088-b411-2a79e2d5189a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2918", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is a classic stain for Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP), but it can also stain neurofibromas.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_cceb1fcd-90a0-413c-a32b-0fff4ffaa7db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2919", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion resembles a flat seborrheic keratosis with acanthosis, orthokeratin, and horn pseudocyst.", "image_path": "-rNRA4KeURU_image_b3c6ef41-db0c-4504-956a-946396b1b153.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2920", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytes are present in the infiltrate.", "image_path": "qsSy7w61k3E_image_b255d2cc-c012-44b1-a256-3df979def472.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2921", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells, can occur in the liver in certain physiological and pathological conditions.", "image_path": "k_sI6aF8paI_image_af1d6c01-04d5-49b4-ac8a-dea003ad494f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2922", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Striae may be present but are not necessary for diagnosis.", "image_path": "yVoYAm78wGw_image_eee0aa2d-b256-46ab-a23e-18abd1d82bb4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2923", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glandular tissue is composed of secretory cells.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_dfdc9948-a9ba-4c50-a1ab-263a751a7e1d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2924", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2925", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells with lobulated nuclei are neutrophils, while the round cells are lymphocytes.", "image_path": "DuFb8A5_iD8_image_ee7350bb-8cff-407d-b11a-514aaa524494.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2926", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These tumors are usually indolent but can have intermediate malignant potential and rare cases of metastasis have been reported.", "image_path": "sFOLa0nA5os_image_7d5dc987-d63b-4798-ac0b-851341f9b5d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2927", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Oncocytic variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma can resemble oncocytoma and MAML2 can be positive in 50% or more cases.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_7d94d39e-decf-401c-8107-ac462fe3ebef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2928", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis appears sclerotic or fibrotic with proliferating vessels, indicating stasis dermatitis.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_a4a18bb8-83fd-43f1-bbbc-3cd9bd158234.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2929", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This tumor does not make vascular channels.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2930", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation in the vessel wall is destroying the vessel, indicating a medium vessel vasculitis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_98a92895-d54d-45a4-9c98-7ead29b52a50.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2931", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of fused basement membranes from each cell type.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_37913d1a-8c16-4eda-8694-f848888b5a25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2932", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mucin and reticular alteration, possibly indicating a separation between the dermoepidermal junction.", "image_path": "21TXx0O_E5Y_image_25e95b34-7090-4249-b569-325f23dd8bb9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2933", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of the cells may initially resemble basal cell carcinoma, but the presence of lymphocytes and histiocytoid-looking cells in the center of the island distinguishes it from basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_29abc4ce-8e68-49d6-be23-ac239da602dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2934", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue contains fibroblast nuclei and numerous blood vessels that supply the smaller capillary beds.", "image_path": "hWdodODUqoM_image_328b0e3f-2642-4c18-8893-54c153b21c73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2935", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The area appears thickened with collagen deposition in the lamina propria and superficial submucosa.", "image_path": "464E3_XIzcg_image_cf2d8143-c8fe-4ca4-ad93-12d2a0edfc7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2936", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum gradually gets replaced with scar tissue, forming a scar on the ovary called a corpus albicans.", "image_path": "xtTRF1UI2HU_image_11609164-6eca-463f-abb0-f5aa2a3da715.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2937", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion may be classified as melanoma in situ or superficial spreading melanoma.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_af60872d-b474-4a85-b9a0-af0c7bb11305.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2938", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Asymmetry of pigment, with more pigment on one half of a lesion than the other, can be a sign of melanoma.", "image_path": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_eb6a634b-7d79-4699-8354-319a6c6f5320.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2939", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is hypocellular with bland cells and a myxoid appearance.", "image_path": "9L4rE9_mZ2c_image_1e0ea4f9-cc1b-419d-8efd-f7b71284e5c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2940", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a cystic lesion with cystic spaces and solid spaces punctuated by little tubules and papillae or micro papillae.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_4adda1ec-621c-4290-91c4-3f8077d15b31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2941", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker is describing a severe chronic colitis with villous atrophy and cryptic distortion.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_ad453752-a0bf-4e0f-9efc-d503b5d5258b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2942", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a benign neoplasm composed of fibroblast and collagen.", "image_path": "k7Uu7qGEs0Q_image_4fb0240b-d0f6-4b3b-b383-a34b8fa7c2c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2943", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of infiltrative glands makes the diagnosis difficult.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_ad6dfa98-0406-45c3-baaf-b7b11834ceb5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2944", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Round cells sitting on the basement membrane are spermatogonia, which are stem cells.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_8d029b2f-866a-4c9c-873b-009fa560626b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2945", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cyst is named based on its lining, which in this case appears corrugated and has a stratum corneum and keratin, resembling a saw.", "image_path": "ILTGpteOCmA_image_221f6cbe-79e5-4b8b-bd86-790558ae5aab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2946", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a sclerosing basal cell carcinoma that can sometimes involve nerves and has a higher chance of recurrence when it does.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_a0300617-7b2a-4d95-be4b-ee5649c337d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "train_2947", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are relatively bland looking and somewhat hyperchromatic with nucleoli.", "image_path": "w_AXUj8BSuw_image_acc5620b-2b37-41bf-b52b-4ccfcbcae8e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2948", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sheets of epithelioid histocytes.", "image_path": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2949", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The periosteum in a growing embryo is prominent and has a thick hypercellular cambium layer.", "image_path": "90sx3yrw4t4_image_37547f68-0274-4c73-b1d2-3718d8cdada6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2950", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inability to get good gas exchange due to fluid filling up large areas of the lung, causing pulmonary edema.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "train_2951", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Upward scatter of melanocytes as solitary units and nests into the overlying epidermis can be a sign of melanoma.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_3b97a18d-14fe-4d08-9d52-9664cdbbe69d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2952", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Areas without gland formation but with abnormal mitosis can also be part of adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "VZ4oY2wLSu8_image_41d8033f-95fd-4927-82c9-9b1b30bd4f91.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2953", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plentiful mitotic figures are present in the tumor, indicating it is likely to be high-grade.", "image_path": "-fUB3Tx2RKE_image_127bd67f-3f26-4c7f-adae-e4d95f044de8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2954", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_4a958ce3-df3c-4d32-bec2-0504e254ec28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2955", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cortical material or labyrinth is divided equally between two adjacent renal lobules.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2956", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of desmoplastic malignant melanoma, which is characterized by spindle cells and named after the Greek word for tendon.", "image_path": "xYQDTxFK4ks_image_965c5355-6389-4b32-a8c4-28779dec3dc9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2957", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a relative decrease in CD8 expression compared to CD4.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_2e042271-7ee4-445a-befd-59a9d520932a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2958", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse and strong P40 positivity.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_8df2d9ac-a04b-4fec-9b0e-8a974359edfc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2959", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thick skin has five distinct layers of the epidermis, including the basal cell layer, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_6631c3e4-dc4a-475f-b36b-e38d89ffdba4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2960", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The infiltrate is encroaching upon the lower part of the epidermis.", "image_path": "3gb4NGtNFxE_image_5a895bd2-4ed6-44d0-b427-aa47c36cb96c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "train_2961", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ABMs show accumulation of coarse puncta that are LC3 and P62 positive in the center of the fiber.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_9a58797d-d0e2-4378-bd9f-2a9199c81217.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2962", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The irregular cells are invasive and some appear as glands or individual cells.", "image_path": "TeAgovBGY7M_image_482a3c40-42a5-4410-8e2d-638e1b04db16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "train_2963", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified.", "image_path": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2964", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophilic satellite doses and malarate tank bodies are more numerous in alcoholic hepatitis compared to NASH.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_1b60e80c-0fdc-469d-b5f2-ba4ae16481e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2965", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ERG, CD31, and CD31 are used as vascular markers.", "image_path": "uNepYtLknmk_image_f822e80a-44b5-4fc9-b5a2-1cc607af5833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2966", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are features that can help diagnose low-grade MPNST or atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of uncertain biologic potential.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_7fc958c8-849f-4e4b-a9e8-5b3ae4db63d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2967", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor appears nodular and rounded, and could be an adnexal tumor with a possibility of being high grade.", "image_path": "A2ibNV6qcso_image_b9eacbf5-2853-4921-be65-4be8ec1f7af2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2968", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Gleason pattern 4 plus 3 with extra prosthetic extension, putting the patient in Gleason score group 3.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_23e519c8-a26a-4529-a271-c49d4863ea0a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2969", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium lining the tertiary or distal bronchus forms a simple, more of a simple columnar lining epithelium that is still ciliated, with only occasional scattered goblet cells.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_d9c99dee-5e02-41be-ae4f-98825294aaf7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "train_2970", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are different genetic subtypes of Spitz nevi, with varying histological appearances.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_31a27d6b-0d81-40bb-8174-77f2bace3dec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2971", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma pattern is called acroangiodermatitis and can be confirmed with HHV-8 stain.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_a980dc7c-27d6-42f6-a800-887408659427.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2972", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasis involves acute and chronic organizing inflammation.", "image_path": "2rAVJqyxZ9A_image_fe069bcf-da8c-479a-af82-c320463089f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2973", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parietal cells also secrete a glycoprotein known as intrinsic factor.", "image_path": "Tz9URxvU9KI_image_51e12c78-40d4-44dd-ba7b-9e8cfa311e87.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2974", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is usually negative for S100 and SOX10 in its spindle cell form.", "image_path": "MA7YUQ-wnHw_image_3f3f756c-0c52-41e4-8b1d-e9803f19f8ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2975", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In some areas, the tumor becomes collagenized with only vessels remaining.", "image_path": "UdnN_bDd9eM_image_81f10b66-4d0c-4fdf-9fec-8695b08ff675.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "train_2976", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor growth over subcutis is commonly seen in the scalp, where it grows down to the gallia or periosteum and spreads out, replacing most of the fat except for a small amount.", "image_path": "1D3MKwV4tC8_image_5bbac9fd-ad02-442a-bc49-a1a0f4c8835c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2977", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "HSP (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) is the most common form of LCD and is characterized by the presence of IgA in the blood vessels.", "image_path": "p_CyG6TFya0_image_a9fae7ee-d200-4147-ab82-03a55a469863.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "train_2978", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Many cells and nuclei have lost their polarity with respect to the basal membrane.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_69792953-8f6d-48e9-8a92-ea1b1d59d999.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "train_2979", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intranuclear pseudo-inclusions can also be found.", "image_path": "6TQnYkaQEwE_image_65a97c63-e8c8-49f5-97cf-75a560ee17e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "train_2980", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multiple lesions may indicate Cowden syndrome.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_5b38b3b9-6eac-4f50-b359-5f7254af3555.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2981", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of poorly differentiated carcinoma with atypical cells and lack of polarity.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_93ec60de-3d16-4be3-8aa5-e2c518718bd4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2982", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of primary or metastatic angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "rUG921simVU_image_8248aa4c-63d0-456c-8397-9a4cecece4ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2983", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The serosal layer is comprised of mesothelium and connective tissue.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_c043be87-43f3-48c1-86b5-e64b7d53e126.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "train_2984", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The type of panniculitis is being evaluated to determine if it is septal or lobular.", "image_path": "yP2hwmnTxJA_image_6de75e7c-eb9d-49d5-b50d-6c611e3280f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2985", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pyloric gland metaplasia is focal and can be difficult to spot.", "image_path": "SHPluykDrt8_image_04b9968d-2df7-49e7-8290-507c989cf4fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2986", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large veins like the one shown have a significant amount of elastic fibers in the tunica media.", "image_path": "D0It2mdZkHE_image_42a94fb4-9934-435f-a6cf-d510339fb98e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "train_2987", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Foamy histiocytes are typically seen in these lesions with a sliding scale of variability from virtually none to abundant and predominant.", "image_path": "duzKXi2hRgk_image_10f669a1-2341-43a5-8c12-9310dc1e0228.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Orthopedic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2988", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of residual junctional component and absence of pagitoid spread, which may be relevant to the diagnosis of a non-Merkel cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "6KAsedOyORw_image_eb9f1aee-d5a8-47e8-ac69-af3a828843f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2989", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor may contain ropey collagen, spindle cells, and lipocytes, and may have staghorn-like vessels in the background.", "image_path": "iCFdKD-pNpE_image_2616a829-57c4-40a7-b78f-ab0b5317a6ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2990", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermal hypersensitivity reaction with flame figures is likely idiopathic.", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_304a689e-3e2e-4647-8a5a-fb232934d08d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2991", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of classic SRIF on the pathology.", "image_path": "UpoSccgVXt0_image_a285607c-070e-4ca1-a308-0e4faa627b38.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2992", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parakeratosis and crusting may be present in a slow death of the epidermis, while rapid death results in complete loss of tissue. Rapid death may be caused by diseases such as infarct or embolus to the skin, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN typically does not have much of an inflammatory infiltrate.", "image_path": "XrnUcH7flQc_image_bc364f88-d4d1-4762-bec3-60c356beaadf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2993", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemical studies will be necessary to confirm the tumor type, which is thought to be vascular based on its immunophenotype and expression of CD31 and ERG.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_e5ca6247-d6d5-48f7-be8f-f64107f603f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2994", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Worthing-Warthin-Starry stain can be used to visualize Treponemas in case of syphilis.", "image_path": "39vySDTk080_image_e7f0e962-9223-4d83-8cef-03cf16ce8c49.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2995", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of germinal center and lymphoid hyperplasia in the biopsy.", "image_path": "XM6FpyV2s88_image_8d3071d2-9b95-41d6-ac89-962e3d6221e0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Connective tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "train_2996", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are aggregates of eosinophilic material around the tubular lumens, possibly fibrinoid necrosis or necrotic material. This material is present in peritubular capillaries and the adjacent tubular interstitium.", "image_path": "R5NlIWJiPRA_image_2dcf79d9-3dc6-4854-85f1-1b2f7769ae2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "train_2997", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has vascular arcades.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_ae71e082-8d24-4ef5-a116-ca3d36135e94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "train_2998", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_acce1b36-4589-4be1-bf2c-3503c7bcfe88.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "train_2999", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/pathology/pathology_val.json ================================================ [ { "id": 2000, "image": "14566.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy observations of FaDu cells (left panel) and CAL 27 cells (right cells) for 48 h after treatment. Single EP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2001, "image": "5042.jpg", "report": " Submassive hepatic necrosis. (H&E, a portal tract is shown and asterisks mark hepatocytes. Picro-Sirius red. IHC-Elastin (ab9519). IHC-collagen I (ab6308) in red & collagen III (ab7778) in blue, spectrally unmixed channels from Nuance camera + software. Peri-portal ductular reaction (arrows) is associated with collagen I deposition (D) but there is no presence of elastic fibre bundles (C).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2002, "image": "2029.jpg", "report": " irradiation-induced γH2AX foci in stri", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2003, "image": "12071.jpg", "report": " a pure intracortical lesion acquired with 240 µm (gold arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2004, "image": "12992.jpg", "report": " Representative intervertebral disc and vertebral body sections of Cre (-) control and Bglap-Cre; Adgrg6f/f mutant mice stained with Safranin-O/Fast green (SO/FG) at P120", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2005, "image": "5378.jpg", "report": " Correlation average of the HS-AFM movie frames at pH 7.6", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2006, "image": "8249.jpg", "report": " Micro", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2007, "image": "6541.jpg", "report": " Representative microphotograph of a glomerulus with a segmental sclerotic lesion (GS), with occlusion of capillary loops by a hyaline material, on Day 180 (PAS-stained, 400×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2008, "image": "5116.jpg", "report": " Overview of a single imaged field 10 min after irradiation. All images were 3D scans, processed by deconvolution and then converted into a single maximum intensity projection", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2009, "image": "7750.jpg", "report": " Histology of BN kidney upon removal from BN rat.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2010, "image": "12730.jpg", "report": " Representative images of staining for lipid droplets. NSCs cultured in 0.25% AlbuMAX I-containing medium were stained with Lipi-Green (green) and Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar = 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2011, "image": "10645.jpg", "report": " Total arteriole number per field (40 x magnification) was determined by counting vessels co-expressed CD31 and SMA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2012, "image": "4690.jpg", "report": " kidney (tubule", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2013, "image": "13208.jpg", "report": " Group subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and visualized under a light microscope. Histopathological examination was performed under light microscopy at a magnification of ×40. Yellow arrow: interstitial edema, red arrow: congestion, brown arrow: cellular degeneration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2014, "image": "6091.jpg", "report": " Histological observation of ovary from a 15-month-old female", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2015, "image": "1930.jpg", "report": " Distribution of erlotinib and its target protein, EGFR, in various tissues from vehicle and erlotinib‐treated mice visualized with MALDI‐MSI and IF, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2016, "image": "16885.jpg", "report": " Photomicrographs taken at 0 and 6 h from time-lapse laser confocal videography of moruloid and blastuloid spheroids (constituted from a suspension of GFP- and red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing OVCAR3 cells) showing rearrangement of motile cells within the", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2017, "image": "11701.jpg", "report": " U-Net’s prediction in purpl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2018, "image": "5143.jpg", "report": " Troponin-T-positive area normalized by Hoechst area either in R119X- and HDR-iPSC-CMs was calculated (50) using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The relative value of R119X-iPSC-CMs normalized to that of HDR-iPSC-CMs is shown (0.40 ± 0.12 vs. 1.0 ± 0.08, respectively; **P < 0.001; n = 4). Data were presented as the mean ± SD", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2019, "image": "376.jpg", "report": " Reduction in coactosin mRNA levels following transfection with coactosin short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Ventral view of the midbrain showing the weak expression on the experimental side (exp) compared with that in the control side (cont)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2020, "image": "9354.jpg", "report": " Ultrathin sections. Uranyl acetate and lead citrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2021, "image": "8874.jpg", "report": " Microvascular structures were detected in the inter-tubular interstitium of the organoids, and these structures were constructed by vascular endothelial cells. (Inset in A) Branching of the microvascular structures was sporadically observed in the interstitium.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2022, "image": "9880.jpg", "report": " SEM images of PLA matrix investigated in edge, middle and core, respectively. Some porosities visible in edge and middle, probably due to degradation, are absent in core", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2023, "image": "4277.jpg", "report": " Confocal image of a mid-streak-stage embryo and a transverse section through the epiblast of a mid-streak-stage embryo immunostained for Foxa2, Lef1 and Cer1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2024, "image": "10772.jpg", "report": " Percentage of arterioles recruiting only intraluminal (white circles), only perivascular (red circles), or both intraluminal and perivascular (gray circles) neutrophils", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2025, "image": "12346.jpg", "report": " Representative cryoFIB/SEM slice of invagination of cytoplasm into the nuclear space (note, from a different cell)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2026, "image": "343.jpg", "report": " VEGF (red)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2027, "image": "1861.jpg", "report": " Semi-quantitative analysis of glomerular surface area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2028, "image": "7652.jpg", "report": " Visualization of trigeminal ganglion and nerves at E11.5", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2029, "image": "9587.jpg", "report": " Final g-ZnO flake after the process showing the behavior of merging and expanding", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2030, "image": "15070.jpg", "report": " Milling PET flakes using liquid nitrogen to produce PET powder", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2031, "image": "13381.jpg", "report": " Growth rates of tumors in individual animals by the experimental groups: control, CP, and CP + DNAmix", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2032, "image": "14992.jpg", "report": " DIIS-Venus auxin reporter (green) is present in the integuments of unfertilized ovules, marking an absence of auxi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2033, "image": "6784.jpg", "report": " The DP + SCO group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2034, "image": "15281.jpg", "report": " 500 µM DFO solution was applied to the surface of the extracted teeth and alveolar socket. A relatively short range of bone resorption (asterisk) was observed compared to that in the saline groups.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2035, "image": "11424.jpg", "report": " Ca2+ signals in the fer-4 mutants under different light intensities. Seedlings were grown under DL for 3 days and then transferred to ML or left under DL for three additional days. To increase ML exposure, seedlings were grown under DL or ML for 6 days. After the light treatment, seedlings were subjected to Fluo-3 AM staining. Abaxial side of the leaves was used for observing Ca2+ signals. Confocal microscope was used for analyzing fluorescence signals. DIC, differential interference contrast. Size markers indicate 40 μm in panel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2036, "image": "14984.jpg", "report": " a view of the region between massive carbides; results of EDS for individual points and line scan provided in Table 4", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2037, "image": "8682.jpg", "report": " NDMVs appear as irregular spheres with a non-smooth surface in SEM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2038, "image": "16757.jpg", "report": " Triple labeling of aSyn PTMs: representative raw STED image of a nigral LB in a PD patient, showing immunoreactivity for Ser129-p aSyn at the periphery of the LB while 119CTT (asyn-131) and 122 CTT aSyn are localized in the core of the structure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2039, "image": "14502.jpg", "report": " Normal tissue samples with various pro-metastatic miRNA probes: miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-210", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2040, "image": "8644.jpg", "report": " Pb(II) loade", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2041, "image": "10998.jpg", "report": " Amplifications of white squares for merge and separated channels are shown.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2042, "image": "14658.jpg", "report": " FOXO1 protein was similarly localized in granulosa cells in ovaries from the in vivo and in vitro groups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2043, "image": "15029.jpg", "report": " High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of HQ4_SG 800 °C", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2044, "image": "15631.jpg", "report": " manual annotatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2045, "image": "9697.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of burnt wounds in mice skin treated with 1% SSD", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2046, "image": "15660.jpg", "report": " Calcium variations in tomato leaves in control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2047, "image": "8827.jpg", "report": " In vitro culture of isolated myenteric neurons from a normal ChAT-eGFP mouse on day 6. To verify the successful in vitro culture of myenteric neurons, we utilized LMMPs from a ChAT-eGFP mouse intestine. Several single neuronal cell bodies with axons and several neurites can be seen clearly", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2048, "image": "14609.jpg", "report": " PMA in αSMA staining and its magnifications-PMA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2049, "image": "16086.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy image of porphyrazine accumulation in SKOV-3 spheroids after 1 h of incubation with 1.0 μM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel; bar — 100 μ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2050, "image": "12080.jpg", "report": " Images of C. elegans fed WT PA14 containing indicated transcriptional and translational reporter constructs (construct schematics are shown in Fig. 4a). Left: Nomarski image. Dotted white box indicates region shown in close-up image at right. Right: Nomarski image overlain with red and green fluorescence micrographs. Arrows indicate single PA14 cells in the worm intestine showing both mScarlet and GFP fluorescence. Asterisks (*) indicate autofluorescent granules in the gfp channel. Scale bars are 5 µm. Images are representative of 15 replicates from three experiments", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2051, "image": "12911.jpg", "report": " Quantification showing significantly increased neuron density (n = 6 mice) within heterotopia compared with ipsilateral neighboring layer I control regions (Wilcoxon nonparametric, matched-pairs signed rank test *P < 0.05). Each point represents the heterotopion or control region from one animal. Horizontal lines and error bars denote mean and SEM, respectively. Descriptive statistics are indicated in Supplementary Table 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2052, "image": "6985.jpg", "report": " Cryosections of allografts were immunostained for platelet (blue) and fibrin (red) antigen after whole blood perfusion as in Fig 3. The green autofluorescence of the internal and external elastic lamina indicates the boundaries between the wall layers (i: intima; m: media; a: adventitia). Images from two different regions of interest in two different allografts are shown for each time point.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2053, "image": "3979.jpg", "report": " Bifacial orthogonal (BO) core on a quartzite fragment. In fact, the specimen shows series on three different planes, one of which presents a clear orthogonal pattern (65x42x29 mm, 103 g)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2054, "image": "15054.jpg", "report": " Representative image of microparticles formulation GF1 under magnification ×10,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2055, "image": "2844.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of the laser-interference processed Cu surface (spot-by-spot method) with a 4 mm spot size and two pulses per spot at 300× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2056, "image": "10741.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining with Ki67 (+) confirming the tumor as a leiomyoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2057, "image": "709.jpg", "report": " Occasionally, we observed colocalization of 8-oxoG−positive cells within areas of nephrin loss (arrowheads)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2058, "image": "13424.jpg", "report": " Shown are the temporal profiles of RasGTP (green), PIP2 (red), PKBs*(blue), Gα2 (teal), Gβγ(orange) and basal subtracted normalized RR (RR¯, cyan) at single nodes at the front and back of the cell. The kymographs (right) show RasGTP (green) and PIP2 (red). Solid white line denotes when the gradient was applied, and the dashed line shows the needle position (front). The response to a single gradient is demonstrated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2059, "image": "9747.jpg", "report": " GF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2060, "image": "13742.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent visualization of AE co‐localization with hypoxic regions. (Green: PIMO, red: TBP‐2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2061, "image": "9767.jpg", "report": " Optical image of dry beads", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2062, "image": "1054.jpg", "report": " Zoomed section of representative image to highlight mitochondria. Scale bar = 0.5 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2063, "image": "9886.jpg", "report": " Positive nuclear expression of OCT", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2064, "image": "4120.jpg", "report": " A detail of a carp brain stem. Thick bundles of myelinated axons surrounded with glial processes (arrows). Scale bar: 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2065, "image": "2680.jpg", "report": " IRTc: wound bed (Sp1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2066, "image": "12394.jpg", "report": " fluorescence of PDMPO, which was added with Ge to the growth medium allowed the identification of specific valves (indicated with green arrows) that formed in the presence of Ge", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2067, "image": "8109.jpg", "report": " microscopic examination of the slide culture shows brown septate hyphae at 400 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2068, "image": "16717.jpg", "report": " z-projection images of two representative cell nuclei over 1000 min displayed for AM with 25 μW/cm2.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2069, "image": "5825.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM top-view of heterogeneous architectures of LSO.TO@nano-C anode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2070, "image": "5021.jpg", "report": " Immunolabelling showing labelling of collagen within the acellular control implant and DCX positive host cells present in the surrounding tissue but absent from the collagen implant midway through the column (f; ~3 mm from RMS), and present in the collagen at the interface with the endogenous RMS (g)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2071, "image": "6118.jpg", "report": " in situ hybridization results for PL10. (A3, B3) are merged images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2072, "image": "15514.jpg", "report": " Representative slide of the expression of the MCM-7 protein in the immunohistochemical examination of testes negative control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2073, "image": "8520.jpg", "report": " Exemplar 3D rendering illustrates perivascular (Pe) EdU-labeled cells with respect to IsoB4-labeled vessels. Panels indicate different rotation viewpoints.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2074, "image": "4106.jpg", "report": " GFP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2075, "image": "6044.jpg", "report": " SEM overview image with the island marked by an arrow. Large intact fragments are detached from the trabecula, but also irregularly shaped pieces are observed.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2076, "image": "15724.jpg", "report": " CLSM image of BMSC adhered to electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite scaffolds when cocultured for 3 days. Green: F-actin; blue: nuclei. The scale bar is 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2077, "image": "13408.jpg", "report": " Dissected silique of atrnh1b 1c/+ in heart stage. Asterisks indicate white abnormal seeds. Scale bars, 200 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2078, "image": "14994.jpg", "report": " Compact and uneven mucilage sheath after imbibition in rgtb1-derived see", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2079, "image": "5370.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal microscopy images of U87 cells transinfected with stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3B lentiviruses showed that mitochondria presented tubular structures and mutual connections, but they became fragmented in the cells treated with 200 μmol/L TMZ for 48 h. Moreover, many more green puncta and red puncta formed in the cytoplasm of TMZ -treated cells than in control cells. The green puncta colocalized with parts of the red puncta to exhibit a yellow color, indicating that autophagosomes and autolysosomes were both induced by TMZ. Moreover, parts of the red puncta colocalized with fragmented mitochondria (arrowheads), suggesting that TMZ-induced autophagosomes to envelop damaged mitochondria.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2080, "image": "8002.jpg", "report": " representative image of epidermal cells expressing GFP:EXO70A1 under control of the EXO70A1 promoter in the exo70a1 background used as a positive control. Scale bars for medial and cortical sections are 20 µm and 10 µm, respectively. Magenta channel represents chlorophyll autofluorescence", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2081, "image": "5040.jpg", "report": " Amplification of the area denoted in red in the picture showed in A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2082, "image": "13124.jpg", "report": " N. inconspicua cultivated in a paddle wheel pond at the Kauai Algae Farm operated by Global Algae Innovations Inc;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2083, "image": "4113.jpg", "report": " Merge image (DAPI + GFP + Chlorophyll", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2084, "image": "8437.jpg", "report": " Chk1 kinas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2085, "image": "5618.jpg", "report": " Positive Tg embryos showed red fluorescence in their muscles, and negative fish lacked this fluorescent signal. The positive and negative F0 generation embryos were anesthetized using tricaine, mounted on a microscope slide using 2% methylcellulose, and observed under a fluorescent microscope (Leica, DM600B) under ×100 and ×200 magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2086, "image": "8701.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence intensity of cardiac 4-HNE. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 ± 0.3) × 108 AU vs. vehicle, (2.7 ± 0.2) × 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Dox (10 mg/kg), (5.1 ± 0.3) × 108 AU vs. Vit D + Dox (10 mg/kg), (3.1 ± 0.3) × 108 AU; p < 0.01. Comparison of Vit D, (3.0 ± 0.04) × 108 AU; Dox (6 mg/kg), (1.6 ± 0.3) × 108 AU; or Vit D + Dox (6 mg/kg), (2.4 ± 0.5) × 108 AU vs. vehicle were nonsignificant.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2087, "image": "16872.jpg", "report": " A section of a barley leaf, an asterisk marks a mesophyll cell selected for further analysis.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2088, "image": "10787.jpg", "report": " U-2 OS cells were co-transfected with plasmids encoding GFP-tagged SNX19 constructs depicted in a together with LAMP1-RFP, and imaged live by confocal microscopy. Insets are zoomed-in areas of dashed boxes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2089, "image": "13115.jpg", "report": " α-SMA expression around the retina of the rabbits was detected by immunofluorescence. The white arrow marks the α-SMA-positive epiretinal membrane. Representative results are shown", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2090, "image": "7151.jpg", "report": " H&E staining and immunofluorescent staining with anti-CD8α Ab and anti-CD69 Abs of resected liver tissues from normal control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2091, "image": "10076.jpg", "report": " Microscopic section of the brain with anti-MPO staining by immunohistochemistry; magnification 4×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2092, "image": "16513.jpg", "report": " Cells stained for αSMA (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2093, "image": "9191.jpg", "report": " Confocal image of a GUV made of EPC/CL 60:40 mol% showing the distribution of Top-Fluor CL (green channel) and Bodipy-TR Ceramide (red channel), 22 ∘C, scale bar is 5 µm, [80]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2094, "image": "15863.jpg", "report": " PO at the dose of 300 mg/k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2095, "image": "9387.jpg", "report": " HLA-I/PD-L1 double positive tumor heavily infiltrated with T-cells, with few FAP+ stroma cells diffusely distributed in the tumor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2096, "image": "14350.jpg", "report": " Map of the collection sites of Amorphophallus albus, individual pie charts indicate the membership proportions of each population for the inferred number of K = 3 by STRUCTURE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2097, "image": "1351.jpg", "report": " Morphology of kidney tissues in rats among four groups on the third week of transplantation. The orange rectangle indicates renal corpuscle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2098, "image": "8321.jpg", "report": " BrdU and DC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2099, "image": "2847.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric at magnification of 350×; point “1” is marked for EDS analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2100, "image": "17003.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin & Eosin staining demonstrated an extensively vascularized and cellular tumor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2101, "image": "16458.jpg", "report": " Representative pictures of TUNEL staining (brown) demonstrating reduced staining in TLR4KO kidneys and the presence of TUNEL positive epithelial cells in the parenchyma and tubule lumen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2102, "image": "9405.jpg", "report": " Expression of different markers in the control group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2103, "image": "16575.jpg", "report": " Photographic image of Vescom material with the SbQ-PVA/ZnTMPyP4+ coating", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2104, "image": "2259.jpg", "report": " Histological and immunophenotypic results of excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph node and peripheral blood smear. H&E-stained sections is seen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2105, "image": "15961.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PG at high resolutio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2106, "image": "11557.jpg", "report": " Random and dispersed pixels in the test image in the absence of noise distortion.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2107, "image": "3107.jpg", "report": " visualized application of multicolor miRNA ISH for the detection of downregulation of a specific type of miRNA (miR-375) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and normal tissue on 1000× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2108, "image": "764.jpg", "report": " Malignant tumor with cartilage (yellow arrows) and osteoid production (red arrows) (H&E, x10)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2109, "image": "9934.jpg", "report": " Brown relative to background", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2110, "image": "8349.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of LC3 in the retina of wild-type (WT) and Becn1-Het mice. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on 5 µm thick retinal cryosections of WT and Becn1-Het mice, and images were acquired with confocal microscopy. Representative merged z-stack images are shown. The scale bar shows 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2111, "image": "9226.jpg", "report": " Cross-section CLSM picture of pure PS material in fluorescence mode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2112, "image": "9524.jpg", "report": " HIM image of chestnut scale with silver deposition thickness of X nm, taken from orientation Y and angle Z. Scale bar: 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2113, "image": "15250.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of the wall of the yellowish follicle obtained from the ovary about two weeks before maturation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2114, "image": "11336.jpg", "report": " SEM images of three hierarchical tiers of mushroom-shaped pillars composed of polyurethane that mimic the hierarchical branched structure found in the gecko pad", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2115, "image": "9493.jpg", "report": " CD45+ cells with lymphocyte and macrophage morpholog", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2116, "image": "4143.jpg", "report": " Phylogeny and percentage of bacterial and fungal isolates (Additional file 1: Table S12 and S13)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2117, "image": "2819.jpg", "report": " Representative LFB staining images of a transverse sectioned spinal cord at the lesion epicenter at 10 weeks after transplantation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2118, "image": "2960.jpg", "report": " SEM images of instruments fractured after torsional test performed with a straight insertion in the artificial canal at 1000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2119, "image": "9411.jpg", "report": " Representative image of silk fibroin implantation in the subcutaneous model. The skin tissue is presented histologically showing the epithelium (EP) and the subcutaneous pocket on day 3.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2120, "image": "10404.jpg", "report": " microscopic images of the SLS surfac", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2121, "image": "17020.jpg", "report": " Quantitative data (mean ± standard error) of the FL signal emitted from the injection area shown in B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2122, "image": "10281.jpg", "report": " pathological images of the tumor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2123, "image": "10424.jpg", "report": " Experimental results captured by our system for a microscopy image of a C. elegans worm. Additional configuration details are found in Supplementary Note 2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2124, "image": "9621.jpg", "report": " Cross sections of the anterolateral lumbar spinal cord region from a WT and Cx47 KO EAE mouse (both with a clinical score of 0) at 7 dpi immunostained for Cx43 (red) and GFAP (green) show reduction of Cx43 in the Cx47 KO (Scale bar = 50 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2125, "image": "8515.jpg", "report": " Number of anti-Iba1 labeled cells in IN ROI and OUT ROI at different ages", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2126, "image": "1895.jpg", "report": " with the corresponding electron-dense deposits under the electron microscopy (× 10,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2127, "image": "6204.jpg", "report": " Morphology of the ovary in the letrozole group at 45 days (scale bar = 100 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2128, "image": "13582.jpg", "report": " SEM image for the S-PRG eluate treated dentin surface at ×15,000 magnification (scale bar 1 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2129, "image": "2699.jpg", "report": " In well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia. Syndecan-1 H-score: 45.20. Ki-67: 0.98%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (C' and C''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: yellow 1+", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2130, "image": "9380.jpg", "report": " Bladder tumor sample with heterogeneous pattern of HLA-DR immunostaining (20× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2131, "image": "3885.jpg", "report": " Raised 3D textile electrode with screen-printed coating. Scale bar is 1 cm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2132, "image": "2922.jpg", "report": " SEM images of loose Cu-ETP powder at 100× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2133, "image": "2085.jpg", "report": " Marginal leakage of the gingival wall at 100x magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2134, "image": "16510.jpg", "report": " Electro-spun and carbonised (ASL-ESL) lignin fibres after carbonisation at 1000 °C with a magnification of × 1000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2135, "image": "14224.jpg", "report": " Clinical-, colon- and histological scores depicted as Cumming plots. The upper part of the plot presents each data point in a swarm plot. The mean and SD of each group is plotted as a gapped line, where the vertical lines correspond to the mean ± SD and the mean itself is depicted as a gap in the line. In the lower panel of the plots, the effect sizes are shown. The 0 point of the difference axis is based on the mean of the reference group (control). The dots show the difference between groups (effect size/mean difference). The shaded curve shows the entire distribution of excepted sampling error for the difference between the means (the higher the peak, the smaller the error). The error bar in the filled circles indicates the 95% confidence interval (bootstrapped) for the difference between means", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2136, "image": "8423.jpg", "report": " Cross-section of the left carotid artery: note the severe stenosis of the lumen and the thickness of the adventitia (Weigert Van Gieson stains)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2137, "image": "4515.jpg", "report": " Images of the equatorial cross section of the lipid vesicl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2138, "image": "10644.jpg", "report": " Representative images of fluorescence immunostaining for CD31, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and α-sarcomere actin (α-SA) in pig hearts from the Sham, MI, Tb4, CM, and Tb4 + CM Groups. Images of the MI, Tb4, CM, and Tb4 + CM Groups were taken at the border zone of infarct. Dash lines distinguish the infarct zone (above or on left-side of the line) from the survival CMs (below or on the right-side of the line)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2139, "image": "16279.jpg", "report": " Developing pollen grain at higher magnification, close-up of individual cells. MMC, microspore mother cell; Te, tetrad; MS, microspore; Tap, tapetum; Po, pollen; MP, mature pollen. Scale bars 1 mm in (A), 100 μm in (B), 20 μm in (C), and 10 μm in (D)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2140, "image": "6205.jpg", "report": " Morphology of the ovary in the control group at 30 days (scale bar = 100 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2141, "image": "8870.jpg", "report": " Sinusoid-like structures were observed in the peripheral capsule of the organoids, and these structures were also constructed by vascular endothelial cells (K) and smooth muscle cells (L).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2142, "image": "4447.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of the femoral heads (scale bar = 200 μm).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2143, "image": "11633.jpg", "report": " The ROI that is magnified in (d–f). Notice the differences in sizes of cell and nuclei in the images. In particular, the nuclei are hardly visible in (a), largest in (b), and in (c) the nucleus in the blue dotted box appears as several disjoint regions surrounded by a darker nuclear envelope (NE)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2144, "image": "2632.jpg", "report": " One old DS subject (DS28) showed very abnormal clumped RBCs and low platelet counts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2145, "image": "2877.jpg", "report": " 48 h post-exposure to the Fe3O4@Carbon sample at 25 µg/m", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2146, "image": "5114.jpg", "report": " A number of foci per cell as a function of time. At least 30 cells have been analyzed per data point. Error bars: standard error of the mean (SEM). Scale bar: 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2147, "image": "11015.jpg", "report": " Protoplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite tepals transformed with GFP-PbTPS3.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2148, "image": "8965.jpg", "report": " Framed regions shown at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2149, "image": "13268.jpg", "report": " Longitudinal view (left) through the middle of a 3D model of the lumen based on rendering plasma membranes and TJs (red) on serial sections. The five cells forming the lumen are represented in different colors. Red arrows point to the TJs at which the cyst is cut open to reveal the sagittal view (right). The lumen has a circular profile, and TJs do not protrude into the lumen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2150, "image": "2926.jpg", "report": " Surface materials flow of various samples", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2151, "image": "9174.jpg", "report": " CFW: calcofluor white;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2152, "image": "13100.jpg", "report": " Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; second row–the total linear retardance RL(rad", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2153, "image": "13086.jpg", "report": " Histological appearance of kidney tissue after H&E staining. Compared to the controls, renal tubular dilatation was prominent in PC-AKI, whereas it was mitigated in the PC-KAI with glycyrrhizin group. Magnification = 20X, Scale bar = 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2154, "image": "11309.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron micrograph of E. coli or S. aureus adhered to PE-NS-short, before (upper image) and after (lower image) focused ion beam milling", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2155, "image": "13708.jpg", "report": " Periodic acid schiff staining (magnification, ×400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2156, "image": "8504.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence for glucagon", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2157, "image": "1294.jpg", "report": " Representative short-axis echocardiography and M-mode images, cross sections (hematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification, ×6.3; scale bar: 1000 μm), and WGA staining (original magnification, ×400; scale bar: 50 nm) of myocardium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2158, "image": "12786.jpg", "report": " Figure 3c 14G core biopsy confirmed Grade 2 invasive NST", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2159, "image": "2930.jpg", "report": " SEM diagram at 350 °C with PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) mixtures at 1:1 mass ratio after 2 h of aging", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2160, "image": "9765.jpg", "report": " Optical image of wet beads", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2161, "image": "6754.jpg", "report": " stipitipellis and caulocystidi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2162, "image": "7579.jpg", "report": " Illustrative brain presentation in the rats with the occluded superior mesenteric vein and artery, in the calvarial window immediately after vessels occlusion, and subsequent medication saline (5 mL/kg ip) (low, control) or BPC 157 (10 ng/kg ip) (upper)) (left) and after sacrifice (right), at the 30 min ligation-time", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2163, "image": "1416.jpg", "report": " Noninfected cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2164, "image": "10410.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin was positive", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2165, "image": "3586.jpg", "report": " cross-section and magnification of the inner skin laye", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2166, "image": "5507.jpg", "report": " Pathology and immunohistochemistry with Hematoxylin and Eosin stainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2167, "image": "9069.jpg", "report": " The central zone degraded completely and disintegrated, forming a cavity", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2168, "image": "5572.jpg", "report": " Representative thin TEM cross retinal sections at a ∼55 μm depth (from the corneal surface) of GMR-DHDDS-RNAi flies", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2169, "image": "8938.jpg", "report": " Histograms showing the percentage of abnormal mitoses in the APE-treated cultures, divided according to their fate at 48 and 72 h from the beginning of the treatment. All mitoses in the control cultures were normal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2170, "image": "1844.jpg", "report": " Biocompatibilit", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2171, "image": "3513.jpg", "report": " An enlarged image (×5) of a neuroblastoma cell with included PldA-GFP IBs inside", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2172, "image": "14890.jpg", "report": " Low magnification of median eminence capillaries (Cap) from a CTR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2173, "image": "530.jpg", "report": " SK-RC-39 cells were co-transfected with ARL15-mClover3, CNNM3-mCherry (WT or N73A N-glycosylation mutant) and pmTurquoise2-ER or -Golgi. Plasma membrane localization is indicated with arrows, co-localization in the Golgi with triangles and co-localization in the ER with asterisks", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2174, "image": "15357.jpg", "report": " The representative cross-section image of tumor tissue in (a)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2175, "image": "3603.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of DAPI-stained nucle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2176, "image": "9663.jpg", "report": " Histopathologic changes in the lungs of mice infected with LVS or LVSΔfptA strain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2177, "image": "16434.jpg", "report": " corresponding histology slide of cortical tissue featuring mainly glial cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2178, "image": "3281.jpg", "report": " Double immunostaining of F6 II.1. Single channel and merged images are shown; SMPX is green, vinculin is magenta. SMPX-positive protein inclusions (g) are also positive for vinculin (h), merged image (i).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2179, "image": "6026.jpg", "report": " The transfer of the cube-shaped box made from the LM containing PNVP and carbonyl iron particles using a magnetic bar.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2180, "image": "6527.jpg", "report": " SG showing some cuts due to the impact of the oxide particles on the surface, increasing the roughness by 2000 times (10 μm);", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2181, "image": "15185.jpg", "report": " PIN2 protein distribution in root tips of Arabidopsis pPIN2::PIN2-GFP line before and after salt stress application.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2182, "image": "8764.jpg", "report": " suprabasilar acantholytic blister with intraepithelial suprabasilar clefting; HE stain, 100× magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2183, "image": "4170.jpg", "report": " HE staining of the renal biopsy specimen of the proband (IV-1); the arrows indicate glomerulosclerosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2184, "image": "3483.jpg", "report": " optical profilometry images at 5× magnification of PEO30e;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2185, "image": "2035.jpg", "report": " γH2AX foci could be observed in almost all brain regions at 1 day after irradiation at P3, including DPall-I (A’, A” is magnified from the ellipse in A’), DPall-II to DPall-VI of the grey mater (B’, B”, DPall-II, B” is magnified from the ellipse in B’), CSPall striatum (C’, C” is magnified from the ellipse in C’) and corpus callosum (D’, D” is magnified from the ellipse in D’) at 1 day after irradiation at P3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2186, "image": "9311.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of the CTR, HS-1, and HS-2 skin sections at different magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2187, "image": "7058.jpg", "report": " Infiltration of CD8+ T cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2188, "image": "8106.jpg", "report": " 10% KOH mount showing fungal hyphae, magnification 400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2189, "image": "4871.jpg", "report": " H. E staining, ×4", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2190, "image": "15646.jpg", "report": " An electron micrograph showing the difference between cubic calcite and spherical vaterite CaCO3 particles.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2191, "image": "13262.jpg", "report": " Schematic overview of primary Dlk1+ hepatoblasts in culture differentiating into hepatocytes and recapitulating BC formation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2192, "image": "245.jpg", "report": " Lateral ablations leaving a row of approximately one to two initium cells intact led to the inhibition of leaf outgrowth in I2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2193, "image": "8280.jpg", "report": " microstructure of MFJSD-O microcapsules after simulated intestinal digestion (magnification: 800×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2194, "image": "4474.jpg", "report": " Periodic acid–Schiff stainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2195, "image": "13586.jpg", "report": " Representative raw images of a platelet imaged using SIM-MFM. Fifteen images—one at each of 5 phase shifts and 3 illumination pattern orientations – are shown. The sinusoidal diffraction pattern can be seen upon careful inspection. Scale bar is 2 μm in all images throughout this figure. Images were contrast-enhanced to make the striping pattern more apparent. Orange dipoles denote the approximate orientation of the excitation polarization for images in each row", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2196, "image": "16484.jpg", "report": " A portion of frontal nerve of inner tentacle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2197, "image": "16771.jpg", "report": " Deconvolved STED image of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neuron in the SN with LB. Immunoreactivity for beta-tubulin and neurofilament is observed at the periphery of the LB.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2198, "image": "1218.jpg", "report": " Diffuse osteoclastic cells in a case of invasive breast carcinoma (H&E stain).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2199, "image": "14304.jpg", "report": " Quantification of the total organoid volume (n = 6 for Mat and n = 9 for BEM, Mat versus BEM p = 0.0035) based on nucleus-stained (Cyto16) light-sheet microscopic images of Mat and BEM organoids at day 75 (independent replicates = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2200, "image": "13713.jpg", "report": " leaf margin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2201, "image": "2526.jpg", "report": " Schematic display of carcass, organs and tissues", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2202, "image": "15720.jpg", "report": " RGB overlay of m/z images of glycerophosphocholine [M + H]+, m/z 258.1101 (green), dihydropteroic acid [M + H]+, m/z 315.1199 (blue) and patuletin diglucoside [M + H]+, m/z 679.1482 (red).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2203, "image": "3599.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of ANT1 stained by the monoclonal anti-ANT1 antibod", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2204, "image": "10717.jpg", "report": " Microscopic presentation of chicken normal fimbria showing morphological similarities with that of human", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2205, "image": "11597.jpg", "report": " The bordering lacuna indicated in IN0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2206, "image": "3552.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of autoclaved corn starch (ACS) analyzed at 250× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2207, "image": "6995.jpg", "report": " A representative macroscopic view of explanted graft. Arrows indicate anastomosis sites. Dotted arrow i", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2208, "image": "9360.jpg", "report": " The wall of an artery and veins in the plexus located in the dermal subcutaneous junction. Several layers of CD34+SCs/TCs are observed in the arterial adventitia ( , arrowhead) and in smaller numbers around veins ( , arrowhead). Note the presence of cusped valves in the latter (arrows)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2209, "image": "15984.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence images showing kidney tissue at week 1 and 3 post injection, immunostained for WT1 and APOL1 (Proteintech", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2210, "image": "7844.jpg", "report": " After the intermediate floods, 4 and 11 µL/min, fluid redistribution was observed. The highlighted areas show displacement of oil from small pores, with larger pores reoccupied by oil as more pore volumes of brine were injected at higher flow rates.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2211, "image": "15677.jpg", "report": " upon treatments with tomato intact DNA and eDNA. The Amplex® Red reagent, in combination with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was used to detect H2O2 released or generated in enzyme-coupled reactions. False-color image analysis reconstructions from confocal laser-scanning microscope observations, fluorochemical H2O2, and peroxidase localization. Fifty microliters of 200 μg ml–1 of either eDNA or intact DNA were applied and after 180 min the ROS signature was observed in close association with chloroplasts (arrows). Pictures represent portions of the tomato leaf blade where the green fluorescence refers to the binding of Amplex® Red with peroxidase-produced H2O2, whereas the chloroplasts are evidenced by a bright red color caused by chlorophyll fluorescence. Scale bar (250 μm) is indicated at the bottom of the figure. Pictures are the results of the merging of 25 individual optical sections", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2212, "image": "9336.jpg", "report": " Abnormal facial structures in CKO mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2213, "image": "4651.jpg", "report": " SEM images of stage-12 gynoecia of Col-0, spt, spt hat3, spt athb4, hat3 athb4 and spt hat3 athb4. Scale bars represent 100 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2214, "image": "4653.jpg", "report": " SEM images of Col-0 (left), spt (centre) and hat3 athb4 (right) at stage 12 treated with mock (top) or 100 µM NPA (bottom). Scale bars represent 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2215, "image": "3892.jpg", "report": " Ciliated cells were scattered within the non-keratinized squamous epithelial cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2216, "image": "2472.jpg", "report": " Western blot results of α-SMA, LDLR (LDL receptor), RASA1 and GADPH in the AS mice (AAV-PCDNA, AAV-pcDNA-circMTO1 and AAV-pcDNA-circMTO1/AAV-miR-182-5p). * vs NC group, # vs AS group, &vs AS + circMTO1, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, #P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01, &P < 0.0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2217, "image": "1805.jpg", "report": " Histology, including immunostaining, of a biopsy specimen of the pancreatic tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) from the stomach. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the proliferation of small cells with a high N/C ratio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2218, "image": "10979.jpg", "report": " SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager magnetogra", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2219, "image": "9602.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of H&E-stained heart from mice (100× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm; 400× magnification, scale bar = 50 μm). The rectangular frame was manually added, and the details were displayed at a higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2220, "image": "3955.jpg", "report": " Observation of TJ ultrastructure changes in the BBB by transmission electron microscopy. The red arrow indicates a break or discontinuity in the basement membrane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2221, "image": "303.jpg", "report": " derCD23B, with a water molecule shown as a red sphere", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2222, "image": "14054.jpg", "report": " Representative electron microscopy negative staining image of pooled CFS EVs (independent EV isolations N = 180) showing round-shaped EVs at 100k magnification, scale bar 200 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2223, "image": "2662.jpg", "report": " High resolution images of DU145 after 48 h of incubatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2224, "image": "2520.jpg", "report": " Mammary gland from ACI rats implanted with placebo and stained with hematoxylin (magnification 10×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2225, "image": "14187.jpg", "report": " BF and FL images are shown for experiments with CONA resin. Two extract dilutions 1000× (high dilution) and 200× (low dilution) were compared to show fluorescence correlates with concentration. Fluorescence (FL) in both panels was collected by excitation at 561 nm and collecting emission at 585 nm. Fluorescence was not observed in control experiments using a non IAP protein, NusB/E (see Fig. S2, ESI†)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2226, "image": "10572.jpg", "report": " Epifluorescent and brightfield micrograph overlays of human-specific TRA-1-85 and STEM121 immunolabelings show human cells on the PET carrier (case 9 shown), migration of human cells away from the carrier (H, higher magnification from F marked by white box), and the presence of non-human cells on the carrier (I, higher magnification from G marked by white box)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2227, "image": "14880.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×40 magnification in the Pratix Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2228, "image": "10230.jpg", "report": " panel (c) shows a trypomastigote and an epimastigote for size comparison;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2229, "image": "12078.jpg", "report": " Postnatal day 8 mice were treated with intranasal FITC-insulin or saline and their brains were fixed 30 min post-administration and immunostained with phospho-S6-specific antibody. Imaging of FITC fluorescence reveals widespread FITC distribution in the brain, indicating the presence of the FITC-insulin in the brain (left).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2230, "image": "8253.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of microcapsules produced by two-fluid nozzle spray drying, using OSA onl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2231, "image": "1883.jpg", "report": " The ingested debris was completely included in the astrocytic cytoplasm (arrow), and even situated in a cytoplasmic vacuole within astrocyte", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2232, "image": "16146.jpg", "report": " pathological findings for the renal tumor were a mixed pattern of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) with papillary adenoma in the left kidney (middle panel); and a papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) in the right kidney (right panel)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2233, "image": "16686.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence light micrographs of the rat DRG before week 1 stained with anti-GPR37L1 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2234, "image": "12101.jpg", "report": " Example of CD68 staining in TCM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2235, "image": "11239.jpg", "report": " Histopathological examination (100×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2236, "image": "10497.jpg", "report": " 1% DMSO treated normal rats (VC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2237, "image": "11898.jpg", "report": " GT with shades of green for the nucleus and shades of red for the cell.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2238, "image": "8283.jpg", "report": " SEM image of nitrogen plasma with 5000× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2239, "image": "16791.jpg", "report": " TTC stained coronal sections of the brain 4 weeks after stroke from a representative rat also tested for muscle mechanical properties. Double arrow indicates 10 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2240, "image": "2920.jpg", "report": " submicrometric pores arising from mullite decompositio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2241, "image": "3183.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 1 (×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2242, "image": "16925.jpg", "report": " Transverse section of in vitro plant leaf", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2243, "image": "9529.jpg", "report": " the corresponding SAED patterns (b1–b3) for the SBs within FTS in USRT AISI 304 stainless steel sample", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2244, "image": "1384.jpg", "report": " Confocal images of Rcel3C stained with the nuclear dye DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2245, "image": "5916.jpg", "report": " Schwann cells (immunostained for periaxin) surround an axon with early clusters (solid arrowheads) in myelinating co-cultures. Myelin at heminodes(open arrowhead) was immunostained with periaxin antibodies. Scale bar, 5 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2246, "image": "8652.jpg", "report": " MBCDF-Tum cells labeled using Cell tracker-green (Abcam) and photographed by epifluorescence microscopy at 24 h of seeding (10 magnification, Olympus BX51)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2247, "image": "13762.jpg", "report": " CER8/9R, Cerebellum_8/9_", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2248, "image": "5557.jpg", "report": " Picrosirius red examined under unpolarize", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2249, "image": "13874.jpg", "report": " 1-D profile across the L21 and FCC matrix. The phase boundary is highlighted by a 7.5 at% Al iso-concentration surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2250, "image": "836.jpg", "report": " Surface tension at minimum (γmin; C)) and maximum (γmax; B) bubble size, derived from a pulsating bubble surfactometer [34] during a pulsating period of 300s. Eight pellets of BAL from Lamp3-/- and ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2251, "image": "559.jpg", "report": " Examples of simultaneous imaging of brain endothelium (green) with RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles (red) 2 h after injection into the circulation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2252, "image": "9679.jpg", "report": " Effect of toyocamycin treatment between 24 and 96 h on viability of 35-do worms", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2253, "image": "12240.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification images. Arrowheads show double-labelled cells. Scale bar: 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2254, "image": "9678.jpg", "report": " Effect of toyocamycin treatment between 24 and 96 h on egg production in 35-do worms", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2255, "image": "10971.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining results showing clear expression of CDH12 in ureteric bud, the precursor of the collecting duct, and early condensates, where the ureteric bud induces mesenchymal cells to condense and undergo mesenchymal-epithelial conversion, the first stage in nephron epithelial formation. Scale bar represents 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2256, "image": "11325.jpg", "report": " Six nanostructures directly interacted with two S. aureus cells (i and ii)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2257, "image": "7090.jpg", "report": " Poorly differentiated carcinoma. Poorly differentiated insular/trabecular areas are CD73-negative, while follicular areas present some CD73 positivity (inset)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2258, "image": "6517.jpg", "report": " Histological section showing loss of expression of FH. Scale bar 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2259, "image": "13304.jpg", "report": " Microscopic examination of liver parenchyma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2260, "image": "3269.jpg", "report": " One large subsarcolemmal protein inclusion with accumulation of filamentous amyloid-like material (black arrowhead).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2261, "image": "12651.jpg", "report": " Representative overview and magnification images of DAPI-stained brain sections at P0 showing the loss of the three commissure systems in Tcf4KO mice. Images on the right are magnifications of the boxed areas. Quantification of animals showing each commissural system is presented below (n=8, mean±s.d). ***P≤0.001", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2262, "image": "7512.jpg", "report": " (i) Cells grown in 2D cell culture plates in a homogenous mono layer. (ii,iii) illustrates cells grown in multiple layers with different morphologies (indicated by white arrows in (B(iii)). Inset in B(iii) shows cells filling out holes and cavities in the TEMPO-CNF material. (iv) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of TEMPO-CNF scaffolds with MCF7.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2263, "image": "8954.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localization of GhKWL1:YFP after plasmolysis. Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration solution containing the pro35S:GhKWL1:YFP vector was infiltrated into tobacco leaves. After 3 d, the infiltrated leaves were imaged (−) and then treated with 30% (w/v) sucrose solution (+) for plasmolysis. Merge, overlay of fluorescence and transmission images. Regions enclosed in the red boxes are enlarged in the bottom panel. The white dotted line represents the cell wall. Scale bars represent 50 μm (in (A)) and 25 μm (in (B))", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2264, "image": "11591.jpg", "report": " Original Imag", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2265, "image": "8050.jpg", "report": " Histological image of the tunica media after (A–C) 10, (D–F) 30, (G–I) 60, (J–L) 90, and (M–O) 120 days post implantationem. CT: connective tissue, red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, green arrows: granulocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells. (HE-stainings, 40× magnification, scale bars = 20 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2266, "image": "14339.jpg", "report": " After in vivo exposure", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2267, "image": "13286.jpg", "report": " the endothelium was stained negative for ACE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2268, "image": "15056.jpg", "report": " High-resolution SEM image of the cryofractured surface of the material prepared with 7.5 wt% TEC displaying pore formation due to the presence of agglomerates in PLA-TEC7.5-ChNC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2269, "image": "7445.jpg", "report": " Left hemisphere coronal section of pig brain with entire amygdala", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2270, "image": "7167.jpg", "report": " Gross image of the pancreas of representative Pdx1-Cre;Trp53R172H;Rbf/f mouse. A total of four pancreatic tumors were identified. Scale bars indicate 1.0 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2271, "image": "4994.jpg", "report": " Interaction between fibrin and Plenum surfaces at different magnifications. Thick fibers inserted into the microroughness and/or making connections between the microroughness on the surface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2272, "image": "113.jpg", "report": " Immunoblot detection of ATP synthase units (AtpA/B and AtpE) and photosynthetic subunits of PSI (PsaD), PSII (PsbD) and Cyt b6f (PetA) from crude extracts of the wild-type (Oe-WT) and I-iota leaves", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2273, "image": "16734.jpg", "report": " mild (+) necrosis,", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2274, "image": "2350.jpg", "report": " The CopGFP control DPSC transplants revealed the strongly positive anti-DMP-1 and anti-DSP staining in odontoblast-like cells (OCL) (arrowheads). Its matrices were slightly stained for both markers (asterisks)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2275, "image": "16028.jpg", "report": " ACE2 detection on the brush border of epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules (arrowhead) using anti-ACE2 mAb. Positive detection is shown by brown staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2276, "image": "13212.jpg", "report": " Experimental timeline", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2277, "image": "16556.jpg", "report": " Side view of the isosurface mesh plasma membrane and volumetric AktPH-mSc (magenta hot color scale) from a shows that the early stages of ruffle development is filled with AktPH-mSc and the resulting macropinosome (white arrow) receives a final intense AktPH-mSc recruitment around the formed macropinosome at the bottom of the ruffle (region 21 × 19 × 15 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2278, "image": "1249.jpg", "report": " Images at 5× magnification used for HZ CSA. Blue outlines indicate HZ CSA measured", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2279, "image": "3306.jpg", "report": " The bile duct wall is thermally injured, and coagulative necrosis is observed at the bile duct wall and the surrounding tissue in specimens obtained on the same day as the procedure; tissues and cells affected by the ablation transform to a dry, dull eosinophilic area ((× 40 magnification).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2280, "image": "2145.jpg", "report": " Heart, sectioned. Severe subendocardial petechial (arrow head), ecchymosal and suffusive haemorrhages are present.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2281, "image": "266.jpg", "report": " The graft was made using perirectal fatty tissue (encircled by dotted line)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2282, "image": "9221.jpg", "report": " Bright-field (left), dark-field (middle), and merged (right) microscopic images of a histological sample of the cervical lymph node after the accumulation of GC-AuNPs. In the dark-field images, most signals of GC-AuNPs were found in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses where macrophages are abundant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2283, "image": "9769.jpg", "report": " Biofilm of C. albicans + CF mature at 5000× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2284, "image": "2848.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ti-Si coated NATAN fabric at magnification of 2000×; point “1” is marked for EDS analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2285, "image": "16150.jpg", "report": " Neoplastic cells in the neck and left kidney showed negative and positive staining for PAX8, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2286, "image": "16654.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the muscle biopsy of the Italian proband shows fiber size variation and multiple internal nucle", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2287, "image": "3803.jpg", "report": " The alteration of cTnI content in plasma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2288, "image": "10977.jpg", "report": " Hα images from the Big Bear Solar Observatory (b1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2289, "image": "15826.jpg", "report": " Relative mCherry fluorescence intensity calculated between GFP mRNA- and GFP plus Shep mRNA-injected male embryos. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2290, "image": "2993.jpg", "report": " SEM-BSE and proposed phase identification by EDS analyses p", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2291, "image": "15182.jpg", "report": " SEM photomicrograph of TiO2 microspheres prepared with 1.903 g PVP inducer, exhibiting the largest pore volume and size among all samples", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2292, "image": "13426.jpg", "report": " Response to a spatially uniform dose of cAMP. Shown are the global RasGTP, PKB*s and PIP2 responses (left), and same at a single random node (center) and the spatiotemporal profile (RasGTP, PIP2) at the basal surface of the cell (right). The yellow arrowheads denote wave initiation sites", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2293, "image": "6758.jpg", "report": " basidia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2294, "image": "6053.jpg", "report": " Top: Higher magnification of the synapse marked (arrow) in panel (C). The postsynaptic membrane specialization on the E-face shows a characteristic cluster of IMPs labeled with 5 nm gold particles revealing AMPA receptors. A pseudocolor is used to outline the postsynaptic specialization. The P-face of the axon terminal expresses a high density of ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles). Bottom: Corresponding P-face of the same spine labeled for μ-opioid receptors (10 nm gold particles). at, axon terminal; AStr, amygdalostriatal transition area; BL, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; ic, internal capsule; LA, lateral nucleus of the amygdala; mpITC, dorsal medioparacapsular intercalated cluster; opt, optic tract; s, spine", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2295, "image": "9825.jpg", "report": " Non-motile cells surrounded by single or bilayer membranes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2296, "image": "9868.jpg", "report": " DIC, cell morphology of the lower epidermis of a tobacco leaf under bright field", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2297, "image": "11448.jpg", "report": " Typical embryonic development process for blastocyst formation in RA-C group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2298, "image": "6357.jpg", "report": " Probe-corrected SEM image of spherical assemblies built of irregularly shaped crystallites.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2299, "image": "14231.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry analysis the expression of Claudin‐1, Occludin and ZO‐1 of colon tissue from DSS and PD treatment mice, black arrow mark the protein (n ≥ 4)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2300, "image": "13691.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with LfcinB 5 mg shown at 400X magnification depicting apoptotic cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2301, "image": "2449.jpg", "report": " Large globular protein molecules covering the surface of MHA SAM after IgG coupling", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2302, "image": "9348.jpg", "report": " Presence of CD34+SCs/TCs (brown) around vessels. The vascular mural cells are stained red. In , CD34+SCs/TCs are observed surrounding a nerve (arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2303, "image": "13409.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microscopy of seeds from atrnh1b-1 plants (E–F) and abnormal seeds from atrnh1b 1c+/− plants (G–K). White arrowheads indicate internal cristae membranes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2304, "image": "4655.jpg", "report": " PIN1:GFP expression in wild-type (left) and hat3 athb4 (right) gynoecia at stages 8 and 9 of development. White arrows indicate the adaxial valve tissues. Scale bars represent 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2305, "image": "9615.jpg", "report": " 3D structure of the CLPB protein in side view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2306, "image": "9938.jpg", "report": " cross-section of joint with phase composition of different areas: 1—Au; 2—30.7 at.% Au, 69.3 at.% In; 3—In; 4—79.6 at.% In, 20.4 at.% O", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2307, "image": "13707.jpg", "report": " Gomori methenamine silver staining (magnification, ×400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2308, "image": "10683.jpg", "report": " CLSM biofilm image of S. uberis ATCC 700407 following treatment for 24 h with nisin A and PV. Cells were stained with SYTO 9 and PI. The live cells are shown in green and the dead cells in red. The middle panel from the picture on the left side represents the x–y plane, and the adjacent top and side panels represent the x–z and y–z planes, respectively. On the right side, live/dead 3D CLSM images of biofilm inhibition formation are shown. Z, thickness of the biofilm (μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2309, "image": "5558.jpg", "report": " Masson's trichrom", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2310, "image": "2321.jpg", "report": " Representative histological images of tissue biopsies withdrawn at time point 0 in the lesion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2311, "image": "7467.jpg", "report": " In vitro analyses of MVB against KPC-Kp strain isolated from the blood. Gradient strip test (E-test) showed MVB MIC of 0.38 μg/mL", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2312, "image": "2701.jpg", "report": " In poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, syndecan-1 staining was lower than in normal bile ducts, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Syndecan-1 H-score: 34.70. Ki-67: 41.67%. The overlay depicting QuPath-analysis is shown on the bottom right (D' and D''). Classification of tumor staining intensity: blue 0", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2313, "image": "5828.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM images of LMPO@nano-C cathode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2314, "image": "16081.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy of SKOV-3 cells after 4 h of incubation in the presence of 1.0 μM porphyrazine, obtained in the porphyrazine fluorescence channel (left) and in transmitted light (right); bar — 20 μ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2315, "image": "8521.jpg", "report": " Exemplar 3D rendering of IsoB4 and EdU double-labeled profiles illustrate the location of parenchymal (Pa) and vascular (V) EdU-labeled cells with respect to IsoB4-labeled vessels. Panels indicate different rotation viewpoints. The asterisk indicates a parenchymal cell close to a vessel branch point", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2316, "image": "6373.jpg", "report": " Kelch-like-protein-11 autoantibodies are identified using a mouse tissue composite with immunofluorescence to identify the characteristic peri-ependymal (Ep) sparkles of immunostaining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2317, "image": "13692.jpg", "report": " Representative sections of tumours from mice treated with saline shown at 200X magnification depicting apoptotic bodies marked by red arrows", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2318, "image": "691.jpg", "report": " Human kidney biopsy samples from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) or tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) were stained with elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT). Two-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (2D SIM) images excited at 561 nm were pseudo-colored in green. Acquisition parameters are summarized in Table S6. Fragmented mitochondria were detected in the kidney sections from patients with TIN. White squares indicate areas analyzed under high magnification in the upper left of the panel.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2319, "image": "5515.jpg", "report": " HCC- T. spiralis group (group IV); 40 days from the onset of tumor formation (IRS=1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2320, "image": "14579.jpg", "report": " Tumor composed of small hyperchromatic and bigger epithelioid pale cells’ islands embedded in mesenchymal stroma (HE, 400×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2321, "image": "15327.jpg", "report": " higher magnifications of villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2322, "image": "10449.jpg", "report": " Representative image of cecal morphology of experimental ducks in Group 5 (40 × magnification). Intestinal tissue sample was processed with hematoxylin and eosin stain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2323, "image": "14147.jpg", "report": " Left hemisphere of the brain, examined grossly, showing no tumor mass", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2324, "image": "16396.jpg", "report": " Numerous small and rounded positive cells coating the lateral recess", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2325, "image": "4350.jpg", "report": " Quantitative densitometric analyses showing the expression of CTGF and collagen I in the cultured atrial fibroblasts sourced from the Ang‐II‐induced mice and treated with or without Ang‐II, DB1976 or si‐PU.1 for 24 h (n = 3)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2326, "image": "4796.jpg", "report": " Low magnification of brain, skull and meninges stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar: 5000 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2327, "image": "10512.jpg", "report": " Magnification of the rectangle frame from the sham group was used to quantify the spine density", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2328, "image": "15153.jpg", "report": " 2.2 L min−1 N2 flow rate through the VO(acac)2 bubbler overlapped on FE-SEM images for ×50,000 magnification [60]", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2329, "image": "17089.jpg", "report": " Cells grown at high agitation speeds in STR show some sphere growth but predominantly form single cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2330, "image": "9826.jpg", "report": " apical views of the resting cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2331, "image": "14935.jpg", "report": " TEM image of GO-ODA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2332, "image": "16681.jpg", "report": " Immunogold particles observed in lysosome-like structures in larger neurons", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2333, "image": "11131.jpg", "report": " Photomicrography of the excoriated areas treated topically with S at 14 days of follow-up; sample was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The black arrows indicate the thickness of the epidermis, and the black arrow heads indicate the thickness of the crust (magnification: 50x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2334, "image": "14813.jpg", "report": " Cultures of Camptobasidium arcticum on PDA in 9 cm Petri dishes after 2 months of incubation at 15 °C: (c) EXF-13086", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2335, "image": "9406.jpg", "report": " Expression of different markers in the silk fibroin group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2336, "image": "9171.jpg", "report": " FITC-labeled LfcinB15 is mainly localized to the C. albicans cell surface and vacuole.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2337, "image": "6173.jpg", "report": " Zoomed area from (B", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2338, "image": "9986.jpg", "report": " The panel on the top left shows the structural positioning of the HA residues GNLIAP (in blue)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2339, "image": "6027.jpg", "report": " Cube-shaped LMs, containing the aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP, 1 wt%) and carbonyl iron particles (10 wt%), stabilized with hydrophobic star-shaped PET plates after the removal of the inner water via evaporation. (i) Photographs and (ii and iii) SEM images of the PET plate-stabilized LMs. SEM images show the inner side of the PET plate attached to the bottom part of the LM.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2340, "image": "8979.jpg", "report": " Axon areas are larger in WT mice compared to both other groups (* p < 0.009)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2341, "image": "863.jpg", "report": " Whole-mount fluorescence imaging (top panels), which showed enhanced tdTomato expression (red) in the cochlea after CDDP treatment. Fluorescence images of the surface preparations at the basal turn (510°, bottom panels) were stained using a myosin-VIIa antibody (green). Circles represent OHC loss. Images are representative of three experiments. Scale bars: top panels, 500 μm; bottom panels, 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2342, "image": "7777.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification of surface morphology of cross-linked and uncross-linked hydrogels with 7.5% (w/v) gelatin and 3.0% (w/w) GTA concentration and 0.2% GO concentration", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2343, "image": "4533.jpg", "report": " IHC microphotograph (20× magnification) of T2DM + vildagliptin + glibenclamide, glucagon antibodies after 24 weeks of therapy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2344, "image": "835.jpg", "report": " Influence of autocorrelation on mean selection. The black thick curve and ribbon show the mean selection coefficient s¯ estimated by the logistic state-space regression, and its 95% confidence intervals computed with the delta method. Lines are the predictions from the univariate (dashed line, Eq (2)) and bivariate (solid line, Eq (5)) selection reaction norm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2345, "image": "5709.jpg", "report": " GFP fluorescence was detected below the union of At(35S-GFP)/Nb growth-active grafts at 17 DAG with a Leica SP8 confocal microscope.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2346, "image": "14490.jpg", "report": " Diffuse proliferation of mononuclear cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2347, "image": "4652.jpg", "report": " SEM images of stage-13 styles of ATHB4 (XVE::ATHB4 and 35S::ATHB4:GR) and HAT3 (XVE::HAT3 and 35S::HAT3:GR) overexpression lines in spt background, treated with either 20 µM β-estradiol (top) or 10 µM DEX (bottom). Scale bars represent 100 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2348, "image": "7454.jpg", "report": " A549 cells infected with S. aureus ATCC 6538 (positive control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2349, "image": "4489.jpg", "report": " Structure fragment (of 3652 atoms) of four MSWs 2a (bright/dark blue and purple) with four OA dimers (pale purple and green), optimized at the GFN-FF level of theory on a hydrogen terminated graphene monolayer (C5644H190). Arrow 1 depicts a methoxybenzoate group, tilted due to steric strain.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2350, "image": "8340.jpg", "report": " Enlarged young and mature GTs on leaves during early stages (on the abaxial side of a leaf)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2351, "image": "8678.jpg", "report": " General view by optical microscope imaging and analyzed area by EPM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2352, "image": "3379.jpg", "report": " 150 zoo", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2353, "image": "9275.jpg", "report": " Chitin microfibrils observation after CBP-eGFP staining;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2354, "image": "14820.jpg", "report": " EXF-12745 on PDA, 14 days", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2355, "image": "4197.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence reconstitution can be detected by epifluorescence. Negative controls, wild-type embryos injected with mRNA encoding only mNG2(Δ11) or mNG2(11)-tagged Clta exhibit background levels of fluorescence (columns 1 and 2); positive control, wild-type embryos co-injected with mNG2(Δ11) and mNG2(11)-Clta exhibit reconstituted fluorescence (column 3); test of R26-mNG2(Δ11) mice, heterozygous knock-in embryos injected with mRNA encoding R26-mNG2(11)-Clta also exhibit reconstituted fluorescence above background (column 4). n, number of embryos evaluated in the experiment. Scale bars: 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2356, "image": "2988.jpg", "report": " TEM image of planar aluminosilicate layer at different magnifications", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2357, "image": "2843.jpg", "report": " SEM image (2000× magnification) of the laser-interference-processed area using the laser raster method with a 5 mm spot size on copper at 4 mm/s raster speed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2358, "image": "3186.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue from the renal biopsy in Case 2 (×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2359, "image": "11979.jpg", "report": " Half of the tumors in UVA-treated TN mice exhibited a fibroblastic phenotype with abundant collagen (indicated by *; bar = 20 μm).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2360, "image": "6729.jpg", "report": " sponge mesophyll, chloroplast with very large starch grains, flocculent content in vacuoles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2361, "image": "94.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy images of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PITG16242 and YFP-RabC1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2362, "image": "5695.jpg", "report": " LYVE+ lymphatic and CD31+ blood vessels in the surroundings of the tumor mas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2363, "image": "13293.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent staining with COL4 (green) and DAPI (blue) in the cerebral cortex, representing a pericyte (white arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2364, "image": "7203.jpg", "report": " Magnification from (a) of interface core–shell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2365, "image": "8311.jpg", "report": " The local high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images in (d), and the insets are electron diffraction images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2366, "image": "9145.jpg", "report": " F. alocis forming tree-like structures among coccoid and fusiform bacteria and autofluorescent erythrocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2367, "image": "15181.jpg", "report": " SEM photomicrograph of heat-treated monolith of composition 70%SiO2–30%CaO (mol%), prepared by the sol-gel/phase separation technique with addition of PEO. Reprinted by permission from Springer: Springer Nature, Journal of Materials Research, Sol-gel-derived glass scaffold with high pore interconnectivity and enhanced bioactivity, A.C. Marques, R.M. Almeida, A. Thiema, S. Wang, M.M. Falk and H. Jain [58]. Copyright Springer Nature 2009", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2368, "image": "9466.jpg", "report": " Comparison of the morphology of the paper sample containing 20% of PAN–PDA fibres", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2369, "image": "15081.jpg", "report": " Representative image of control sample after 48 h in culture. Images acquired in the confocal microscope after immunolabelling of actin cytoskeleton with rhodamine phalloidin (fluoresces red) and vinculin (fluoresces green) for focal adhesions. Blue, DAPI-labelled nuclei. Unless specified, scale bar equals 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2370, "image": "166.jpg", "report": " Interstitial epithelioid granulomas were formed in the renal interstitium as indicated by the arrow (HE, × 200)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2371, "image": "10190.jpg", "report": " Macrophages in lesional skin of individuals with rosacea as examined by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against CD68, and inflammatory reactions determined by staining with antibodies against TNF-α and IL-1β. The pictures were taken under ×200 magnification; ***P <0.001 (n = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2372, "image": "4124.jpg", "report": " Representative images of a co-culture of multilayered SMC and EC forming tube-like structures on a 3D scaffold (middle layer)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2373, "image": "11231.jpg", "report": " Prostate specific antigen (PSA) immunohistochemical stain of ureteral biopsy. Note the patchy, moderate to strong immunoreactivity in the cells of interest", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2374, "image": "6186.jpg", "report": " Rad21l1 loading during prophase I of meiosis in spermatocyte nuclear surface spreads. Rad21l1 (magenta) loads onto chromosome axes simultaneously with Sycp3 (green) and is also dispersed as foci throughout the spread in leptotene. In early zygotene, Sycp1 (cyan) lines start near the telomeres and synapsis extends inward through late zygotene and are present end-to-end along axes. Note: there is some asynapsis in the pachytene nucleus which may indicate that the cell was either in very early or very late pachytene. The merged images are Rad21l1 and Sycp3 channels only. Mag images are magnifications from the Merge panels; the regions magnified are indicated by white boxes. Panel series a-p scale bar = 5 μm. Mag panel series q-t scale bar = 2 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2375, "image": "8197.jpg", "report": " Longitudinal and cross sections of muscle fibers of the M. retractor bulb showing mild variation in size and cellular infiltrates (200× magnification, HE stain)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2376, "image": "9731.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of lipase Burkholderia cepacia (PS Lip) entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA 18-88) nanofibers with β-cyclodextrin (B-CD", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2377, "image": "7991.jpg", "report": " Tissue expression of p27/CDKN1B in the skin specimens obtained from healthy donors (n = 3, the representative image is shown) and from uninvolved skin of patients with mild to moderate psoriasis (n = 3, PASI scores: Uninvolved 1.: 4.2; Uninvolved 2.: 13.8; Uninvolved 3.: 17). DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Zeiss AxioImager Z1 microscope, 40× original magnification, scale bar: 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2378, "image": "13588.jpg", "report": " Dipole orientation map of the platelet, wherein each pixel with Imax greater than a threshold (in this case, the 60th quantile of the image) has a dipole associated with it. For each dipole, ϕ is encoded in the dipole’s orientation, θ is encoded in the dipole’s color (see colormap in the bottom left of image), and Imax is encoded in the dipole’s length. Insets 1–3 show zoom-ins on specific regions of the dipole map, which are denoted with black boxes and corresponding black number labels. This display method was developed in our previous work16", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2379, "image": "15273.jpg", "report": " Elemental mapping image of MNP@CBP5 for carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and titanium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2380, "image": "15053.jpg", "report": " Representative image of microparticles formulation F4 under magnification ×10,000", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2381, "image": "8868.jpg", "report": " Brightfield image at 4× magnification of 3/7 Alg/Gel filament directly after extrusion. The scale bar depicts 1000 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2382, "image": "6665.jpg", "report": " 12 days after culture, colony of EPCs (50 × magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2383, "image": "7294.jpg", "report": " Both PSA staining was negative", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2384, "image": "14520.jpg", "report": " TF-tGFP distribution in HDBEC without PPT-siRN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2385, "image": "9900.jpg", "report": " Biodegradable film based on corn starch and chitosan with pluronic F127 at 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2386, "image": "7728.jpg", "report": " H&E staining of the rat cerebral cortices of each group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2387, "image": "15325.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of SENB failure surface of 10 wt% CSR-MB.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2388, "image": "9331.jpg", "report": " The AFM deflection image of E. coli cells after 30 min of incubation with C14-KYR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2389, "image": "9682.jpg", "report": " CLSM analyses of paired worms incubated with DMSO (control) or 1 µM toyocamycin for 96 h. Abbreviations: te, testes; sv, sperm vesicle; ov, ovary; mo, mature oocytes; imo, immature oocytes; ovi, oviduct; ot, ootype; ut, uterus; sr, seminal receptacle; eg, egg. Scale bars: 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2390, "image": "15947.jpg", "report": " fixed pathology specimen (n", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2391, "image": "1125.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining of Sca-1+ and Meox1+ cells on the first and fourteenth day after injury. Red fluorescence indicates Sca-1; green indicates Meox1; blue fluorescence indicates DAPI-labeled nucleus; I, neointima; M, media; A, adventitia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2392, "image": "10045.jpg", "report": " Positive staining of type 1 pneumocytes (red arrows) and cells in the lumen of the alveoli (×600)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2393, "image": "16784.jpg", "report": " MYCN protein is heavily expressed due to a high level amplification of the MYCN gene", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2394, "image": "1891.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showing epithelioid cell granuloma with central coagulation necrosis.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2395, "image": "13763.jpg", "report": " PD-L1 IHC showing membranous staining of the tumour cells (100x", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2396, "image": "911.jpg", "report": " Tissue sections stained with wheat germ agglutinin in wt (C) and Lmna−/−(D) mice. The open circle represents wt, and the solid circle represents Lmna−/− mice. The significance of differences between two groups was determined using the Student's 2 tailed T-test. Scale bar: 1 mm in lower magnification and 50 μm in higher magnification in inset", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2397, "image": "2497.jpg", "report": " Colocalization of NAC102-eYFP and chloroplast nucleoids. The chloroplasts were isolated from NAC102-eYFP transgenic lines and stained with DAPI. The pictures were captured using confocal microscopy. Bar = 5 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2398, "image": "8642.jpg", "report": " Ni(II) loade", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2399, "image": "5811.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Li metal in PHHP binder cell after 50 cycles at 0.5 C.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2400, "image": "9357.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy, frontal view. Immunofluorescence labelling for CD34 (green) and αSMA (red)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2401, "image": "9773.jpg", "report": " Histological sections of endometriosis isolated from the model E-C grou", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2402, "image": "9696.jpg", "report": " Showing highly thickened epidermal layer (*), some distortion of the horny layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2403, "image": "6109.jpg", "report": " Examples of apical CFTR in the newborn pig intrahepatic biliary tract detected by immunohistochemistry (brown) for CF (bottom) (scale bar = 20 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2404, "image": "804.jpg", "report": " Diffuse synaptic positivity and enhanced perivacuolar ‘patchy’ positivity and ‘plaque-like’ positive structures in striatum, stained with monoclonal antibody (6H4) against prion protein, original magnification 200x and H&E staining, original magnification 100x", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2405, "image": "4114.jpg", "report": " In BPC 157–treated animals, the perforation channel is narrow, partly filled with well-vascularized but maturing, non-edematous granulation tissue (black arrow). The superficial epithelium progressing over the gap looks stratified (dashed black arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2406, "image": "17072.jpg", "report": " Surface spreads from E18.5 ovaries from control (first row) and Pb-exposed mice (second row) were immunostained with anti-H3K9Ac (green) and anti-SYCP3 (red) antibodies (63X magnification). The dotted circles represent telomere connections.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2407, "image": "16262.jpg", "report": " Subcellular localisation of Hc-ACOX-1 and peroxisomes in HEK293T cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2408, "image": "7156.jpg", "report": " H&E staining and immunofluorescent staining with anti-CD8α Ab and anti-CD69 Abs of resected liver tissues from NASH LC (F4) patient", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2409, "image": "7646.jpg", "report": " Cerebral cortex of control showed normal neurons and glia cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2410, "image": "9751.jpg", "report": " TEM image of PGS-PCL core-shell fibres", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2411, "image": "14321.jpg", "report": " Schematic diagram of damaged myocardium in hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data represented as median and interquartile range. DCD, Donation after circulatory death; ESHP, Ex situ heart perfusion. *p < 0.05 vs. non-DCD group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2412, "image": "5110.jpg", "report": " Visualization of the considered cell-containing Z-layer interval in X–Z- and Y–Z-planes (cyan bars) with upper (29 μm) and lower (50 μm) boundaries", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2413, "image": "17021.jpg", "report": " Quantitative data (mean ± standard error) of the fluorescence signal (FL signal) emitted from the injection area shown in A.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2414, "image": "13032.jpg", "report": " MelanA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2415, "image": "14294.jpg", "report": " Bright-field images of brain organoids encapsulated in ECM hydrogels derived from different decellularized organs [brain (BEM), intestine (IEM), liver (LEM), and heart (HEM)] at day 30 (scale bars = 500 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2416, "image": "16914.jpg", "report": " histology of cerebellar white matter biopsy with PD-1 stainin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2417, "image": "10904.jpg", "report": " The lungs of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09–immunized mice on day 8 after infection with A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1)pdm influenza virus. With antihistamine treatment. The same area at high magnification. The arrow indicates a mast cell. Obj. 40x; scale bar = 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2418, "image": "15692.jpg", "report": " Individual scan of larva autofluorescence emitted in green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2419, "image": "4384.jpg", "report": " Percentage of embryos that failed to hatch after feeding RNAi knockdown in wild-type", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2420, "image": "13255.jpg", "report": " The tumor grew in grid-like structures formed by the perforating vessels", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2421, "image": "5601.jpg", "report": " regulator protein 63 (P63; magnification, x400) was positive.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2422, "image": "1140.jpg", "report": " SDF-1α expression in injury arteries treated with Ad-shMeox1 for 14 days", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2423, "image": "1395.jpg", "report": " SEM higher magnification. It is possible to observe the remains of the host cell cytoskeleton (green arrowhead) and nucleus (blue arrowhead). The red arrowhead maps to the membrane rupture region", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2424, "image": "15079.jpg", "report": " Control cells: after 72 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2425, "image": "10802.jpg", "report": " Images show single EM sections with representative ELs. Insets are close-up images of ER–EL contacts, where ELs are shaded in red, the ER is shaded in green and yellow brackets define the ER–EL contact sites", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2426, "image": "1812.jpg", "report": " AE1/AE3 was positive", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2427, "image": "14580.jpg", "report": " SOX10 nuclear expression within the tumor (SOX10, 200×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2428, "image": "12852.jpg", "report": " Phenotype of SUC‐SUL plants expressing, from the pSUC2 promoter, an inverted‐repeat transgene producing siRNA populations targeted against SUL, in the HST or hst‐1 background", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2429, "image": "10941.jpg", "report": " Representative image of high- and low-CST2 expression. Magnification at ×40 or ×200.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2430, "image": "3638.jpg", "report": " Transection of cotton seedling leaf blade affected by the application of salt stress and sprayed with 200 μM MT", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2431, "image": "10298.jpg", "report": " Non-transgenic rats (NTG)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2432, "image": "8096.jpg", "report": " 100× magnification of CS microbeads under optical microscopy analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2433, "image": "4550.jpg", "report": " Heat map representation of SWATH‐MS proteomics data for enzymatic pathways involved in collagen fibril organizatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2434, "image": "9352.jpg", "report": " Double immunochemistry for CD34 (brown) and αSMA (red). Hematoxylin counterstain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2435, "image": "3177.jpg", "report": " Histopathological changes in the livers of the 2000 mg/kg aqueous T. erecta extract-treated group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2436, "image": "9878.jpg", "report": " SEM images of fibres collected in edge, middle and core, respectively. The complete degradation of the fibres leaves phantom cavities with the same shape of the degraded fibre. Different stages of degradation can be recognised in Fig 1c. In Fig 1d, fibres in core appear intact", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2437, "image": "6605.jpg", "report": " Pleurolicus sp., longitudinal section, KOE 3257. Modified radial enamel is rather thin in this genus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2438, "image": "9290.jpg", "report": " Surgical specimen of the excised malignant lymph node", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2439, "image": "16689.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence light micrograph of the rat DRG before week 1 stained with anti-PSAP (IM-1, red", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2440, "image": "3041.jpg", "report": " Liver of an animal treated with MAEON with normal hepatocytes (H) and the presence of inflammatory cells (CI)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2441, "image": "15811.jpg", "report": " Relative mCherry fluorescence intensity calculated between Shep siRNA- and control siRNA-injected female (red) and male (blue) embryos. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 5)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2442, "image": "7955.jpg", "report": " AT8 was counterstained with hematoxylin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2443, "image": "11100.jpg", "report": " DAPI (blue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2444, "image": "852.jpg", "report": " A scheme of the FRET-based detection of ATP within the tombusvirus replication compartment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2445, "image": "7608.jpg", "report": " CK7: MCC cells’ negativity for CK7", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2446, "image": "9438.jpg", "report": " Visualization of BM-MSCs and MMs labeled with anti-CD146 conjugated with eFluor 450 (green) or with Vybrant DiI membrane-labeling dye (red), respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2447, "image": "15294.jpg", "report": " surface morphology by SE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2448, "image": "5300.jpg", "report": " Intracellular MMP-9 (red", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2449, "image": "16310.jpg", "report": " Representative immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) micrographs of ciliated WT and CEP78 KO cells labeled with the antibodies indicated in the figure. DAPI was used to mark the nucleus (blue). Insets show enlarged views of the cilium-centrosome region. Scale bars: 5 μm in original images and 1 μm in closeups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2450, "image": "2670.jpg", "report": " Germination assays for different lines under different concentrations of ABA treatments.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2451, "image": "15694.jpg", "report": " Detail of cranial nerves and a cerebral vesicle of larva 2 from the ventral view", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2452, "image": "6435.jpg", "report": " Left superior cervical lymph node with abnormal morphology showing diffuse effacement of the normal architecture due to extensive replacement by small, atypical lymphocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2453, "image": "16402.jpg", "report": " Close-up comparing Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b expression in motoneurons (MNs) of multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIF) and singly-innervated muscle fibers (SIF)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2454, "image": "1180.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph shows hemosiderin macrophages (arrows) that were depicted at a lower resolution in g", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2455, "image": "2999.jpg", "report": " Distribution of silicon", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2456, "image": "9955.jpg", "report": " Spermatheca dissections at 400× magnification of D. melanogaster females exposed to Roundup® Super Concentrate at 1 g/L of glyphosate within 2 h of eclosio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2457, "image": "16603.jpg", "report": " Biopsy showing high Ki-67 index (IHC, x40)H & E: hematoxylin and eosin; IHC: immunohistochemistry; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protei", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2458, "image": "15057.jpg", "report": " High-resolution SEM image of the cryofractured surface of the material prepared with 15 wt% TEC displaying a smooth surface due to better dispersion of ChNCs in PLA-TEC15-ChNC (HM: higher magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2459, "image": "11411.jpg", "report": " XPS spectra of a neat Pd and an Au50Pd50 alloy nanoparticle array taken before catalysis experiment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2460, "image": "13420.jpg", "report": " Schematic for incorporating the differential threshold between top and bottom surface of the cell through altering the PKB*s mediated inhibition on RasGTP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2461, "image": "6358.jpg", "report": " Representative H&E staining of submandibular glands from AAV2-LAMP3 mice 2 months (2M) and 6 months (6M) post-cannulation. Black arrows indicate lymphatic infiltration. Salivary gland size and infiltration area were quantified in AAV2-GFP treated mice 2M (N=6) and 6M (N=6) post-cannulation and AAV2-LAMP3 treated mice 2M (N=10) and 6M (N=17) post-cannulation. Values are shown as the mean±SD. *p<0.05, t-test with Welch’s correction.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2462, "image": "9107.jpg", "report": " Examples of random deformations of this theoretical AFM image generated by the image data generator (IDG). These deformations can include rotations, flip, zoom, shear, and shift of the image, or a combination of them. The selection of the deformation parameters is randomized for each theoretical image at each training epoch in order to add variation to the data used for the training and avoid overfitting", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2463, "image": "17008.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining showed a 5% positivity for Ki67", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2464, "image": "5452.jpg", "report": " The recipient cultures were evaluated for the number of IE Ag-positive cells per focus 6 days post-transfer. For each cell type, 70 foci were analyzed. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of 4 individual experiments, asterisks indicate significant differences (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2465, "image": "9329.jpg", "report": " The phase image of the E. coli HB101 cell after 15 min of incubation with C14-KYR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2466, "image": "1295.jpg", "report": " Schematic diagram for AAV2/9 injection and efficacy observation.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2467, "image": "9648.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry of post-mortem brain tissue from the hippocampal area from a person with nodding syndrome. Leiomodin-1 is detected in the blood vessels (black arrows).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2468, "image": "6931.jpg", "report": " HPE of specimen from second patient showing epithelial and stromal component of Wilms’ tumor. Black star highlights epithelial component and red star highlights stromal component, 100× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2469, "image": "17086.jpg", "report": " Cells grown in a static suspension culture CellSTACK modality with methylcellulose exhibit the desired sphere phenotype.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2470, "image": "2502.jpg", "report": " The localization of NAC102-eYFP when it was transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Both isoforms of NAC102, AT5G63790.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2471, "image": "2026.jpg", "report": " Irradiation with 5Gy induced obvious γH2AX foci (arrows) in the stratum pyramidale of CA1 area (C is magnified from the ellipse in B) at 1 day after irradiation at P3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2472, "image": "6052.jpg", "report": " Electron-micrograph of a mpITC replica from a CS-only animal. Labeling for ChR2-YFP (15 nm gold particles) on the P-face of axons originating from the PIN/MGm. Note the relatively high density of labeled axons. An axon terminal, indicated by the arrow, forms an asymmetric synapse with a spine.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2473, "image": "3317.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin staining showing typical non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2474, "image": "3390.jpg", "report": " SEM image of plasma and elastin-plasma hydrogels with 3% elastin concentration after 10 days of incubation in PBS at 37 °C, at 20,000× magnification and an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Scale bar corresponds to 2 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2475, "image": "9793.jpg", "report": " L. infantum-infected hamsters and treated with: PBS by IP rout", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2476, "image": "14343.jpg", "report": " A 7-day-old seedling", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2477, "image": "4915.jpg", "report": " DeepForest predictions in red with the field-annotated crown in black from Mountain Lake Biological Station, Virginia. The matching prediction is shown in bold while the other predictions are faded for visibility", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2478, "image": "2473.jpg", "report": " Representative microscopic images of the aortic root of a 36-week-old ApoE−/− mice injected by AAV-modified vector via tail vein (AAV-PCDNA, AAV-pcDNA-circMTO1 and AAV-pcDNA-circMTO1/AAV-miR-182-5p). Lipid fixation was performed followed by oil red O (red) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA, yellow) staining.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2479, "image": "10754.jpg", "report": " Representative H&E-stained lung sections (magnification, ×400) of S. pneumoniae-infected mice and dually infected mice at 6 h after pneumococcal infection at 7, 14, or 28 dpi (n = 3/group). Denuded epithelia (green arrows), intra-alveolar fibrin exudation (yellow arrows), and extensive inflammatory cell recruitment around bronchioles (black arrows), alveoli (blue arrows), and blood vessels (red arrows) were observed at 6 h after pneumococcal infection.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2480, "image": "6676.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of liver showing diffuse involvement by poorly differentiated carcinoma (H&E, 100x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2481, "image": "13266.jpg", "report": " Multicellular cyst-like structures form by cell rearrangements. Images from the live-cell time-lapse microscopy experiment. The cells self-organize in such a way that the three separate lumina (black star) eventually fuse into one large spherical lumen, in the absence of cell division. Scale bar: 10 µm. See also Video 9.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2482, "image": "10682.jpg", "report": " CLSM biofilm image of S. uberis DPC 5344 following treatment for 24 h with nisin A and PV. Cells were stained with SYTO 9 and PI. The live cells are shown in green and the dead cells in red. The middle panel from the picture on the left side represents the x–y plane, and the adjacent top and side panels represent the x–z and y–z planes, respectively. On the right side, live/dead 3D CLSM images of biofilm inhibition formation are shown. Z, thickness of the biofilm (μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2483, "image": "12641.jpg", "report": " Representative H&E staining, immunohistochemical images of CD31 and CD42b, and Masson trichrome staining in carotid plaques", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2484, "image": "15300.jpg", "report": " Result of the combination of the image in (b) and the result of the Otsu thresholding of the image in (c,e); the revelation of potential defects and the region of interest and defects within 10% from the left/right and 7% top/bottom are discarded", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2485, "image": "15245.jpg", "report": " Representative micrograph of the chicken ovary obtained from a mature hen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2486, "image": "471.jpg", "report": " Summary data of maximum dV/dt Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2487, "image": "12922.jpg", "report": " In vivo combined fluorescence and label-free SCoRe myelin images of a representative induced heterotopion (right; same as in Fig. 1c) and neighboring ipsilateral, noninjected control region (left) in a P30 mouse. The tightly packed heterotopic neuronal cell bodies (NeuO) are surrounded by a circumscribed abundance of aberrantly projecting, myelinated axon segments (SCoRe)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2488, "image": "8629.jpg", "report": " MCTS confrontation with ARs cultivated for 11 days in collagen gel under normoxic conditions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2489, "image": "6764.jpg", "report": " Microscopic features of cheilocystidi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2490, "image": "1077.jpg", "report": " Confocal laser scanning microscopy and spread plate method used to observe biofilm formation on the surface of Ti6Al4V disks after 7 days of infection.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2491, "image": "2552.jpg", "report": " Eosinophilic and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in adipocyte", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2492, "image": "8782.jpg", "report": " A homogeneous distribution of molybdenum atoms can be observed", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2493, "image": "7329.jpg", "report": " Representative confocal images of BT-549 cells treated with BODIPY@PNPs-CL4 or BODIPY@PNPs-SCR at 37 °C for 40 min", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2494, "image": "16391.jpg", "report": " Lower expression levels in the parapineal organ (PP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2495, "image": "10251.jpg", "report": " Relative hyphal bead density as measured by average intra-bead pixel intensity in ImageScope. Results represent means ± SEM of 16 beads from 3 different mice, ***p ≤ 0.001 (Student’s t-test)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2496, "image": "13971.jpg", "report": " CRP, sIL6", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2497, "image": "14273.jpg", "report": " The layer of flowable liner is conical in shape as the surface tension of the composite drives the material toward the state requiring the least energy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2498, "image": "7523.jpg", "report": " The micrometers are adjusted to center the illuminated field within the eyepiece FOV.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2499, "image": "67.jpg", "report": " CLSM imaging of CF unloading during cassava root development in middle stage of storage root", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2500, "image": "10937.jpg", "report": " representative photomicrograph of hematoxylin and eosin- and acid-fast bacilli-stained slides from the lungs of SCID mice intravenously infected with the mmpB mutan", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2501, "image": "8813.jpg", "report": " Representative immunohistochemical staining for AKR1B10 in non-neoplastic endometrial tissue (g)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2502, "image": "13414.jpg", "report": " oocysts observed under phase-contrast microscop", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2503, "image": "12282.jpg", "report": " Visualisation of supply chains for top 1,000 firms in terms of sales.Each dot indicates a firm. Firms with a higher Helmholtz–Hodge (HH) potential are located more upward in the right panel. The loop flows computed from HHD are shown, while the different colours represent different cycles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2504, "image": "13515.jpg", "report": " The electron micrograph of the doxorubicin nanoformulation under the viewing angle of 10 nm in turn", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2505, "image": "3511.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy of Neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cells with adsorbed PldA-GFP IBs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2506, "image": "6787.jpg", "report": " The FDDP + SCO group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2507, "image": "6322.jpg", "report": " Statistical analysis showing the length of tube formation in vitro", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2508, "image": "4388.jpg", "report": " PD1 (white", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2509, "image": "8524.jpg", "report": " (d–l) images are used to independently validate our system", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2510, "image": "9939.jpg", "report": " Images taken at 40× magnification showing the bladder from each group with star marks indicating edema sites in the lamina propria", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2511, "image": "1532.jpg", "report": " High magnification (finer striations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2512, "image": "8846.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy image of microstructures of squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) mantle muscle before and after treatment of RAW (magnification, 200×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2513, "image": "13873.jpg", "report": " Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) at the phase interface correspond to Fig. 5a", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2514, "image": "3951.jpg", "report": " EDX elemental mapping of B image for chlorine", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2515, "image": "16280.jpg", "report": " Micrographs of paraffin-embedded 8-μm-thick anther cross sections, stained with toluidine blue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2516, "image": "13166.jpg", "report": " In the kidney glomerulus (G), only just over half of the nuclei stained positive, and the proximal tubules (PT) and distal tubules (DT) had wider expression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2517, "image": "13690.jpg", "report": " immunocytochemical analysis of the effects of the MPR on NMDA-induced trafficking of cell surface GluA1. Cultured hippocampal neurons expressing phosphomimetic GluA1 (GluA1DD", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2518, "image": "14818.jpg", "report": " EXF-12745 on OA stained with calcofluor white", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2519, "image": "14873.jpg", "report": " Morphology evaluation of MBCP at ×1000 magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2520, "image": "5084.jpg", "report": " Top spikelets of paa3 in panicle length at 11 cm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2521, "image": "14800.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent staining images of HCC1806 and 22RV1 cells for E-cadherin after the 3D Matrigel drop invasion assay was performed. Cells were fixed in 1:1 acetone/methanol, blocked in 5% BSA, and stained for the target proteins. RFP and RFP-DAPI merged images are shown. Scale bars represent 200 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2522, "image": "6434.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical stains of left superior cervical lymph node - CD5 showing aberrant staining of neoplastic B lymphocytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2523, "image": "3215.jpg", "report": " The four cases with the highest risk score", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2524, "image": "4954.jpg", "report": " Expression of TcMscS in different life stages of the parasite, quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR),", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2525, "image": "2616.jpg", "report": " M-L/D-V length—measurement of mediolateral and dorsoventral lengths of tissue block", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2526, "image": "8254.jpg", "report": " microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules after simulated gastric digestion (magnification: 2000×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2527, "image": "4082.jpg", "report": " Representative images of TH (top row) and CGRP (bottom row) staining in Lewis Polycystic Kidney rats after sham, total and afferent RDN, respectively. Arrow indicates positive staining, scale bar lower right panel = 100 µm for all images", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2528, "image": "5651.jpg", "report": " Light micrographs show sustained growth of Aux cells cultured in MIP-GFP supernatant as a source of inositol A", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2529, "image": "12099.jpg", "report": " Example of CD4 staining in TCM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2530, "image": "16497.jpg", "report": " Histologic sections of the optic nerve from a transduced eye of a transgenic mouse expressing Thy1-mitoCFP to label RGC mitochondria. Note that not all RGCs express Thy1-mitoCFP in this line", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2531, "image": "14058.jpg", "report": " A simple illustration of prevention protocol by the KRE in the TRAMP model", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2532, "image": "14014.jpg", "report": " Optical images and cross-section SEM of untreated wings, illustrating low reflectance and the presence of nanopillars on the wing membrane surface, and hexane-treated wings, illustrating increased reflectance and the loss of nanopillars on the wing membrane, but presence of nipple-like nanostructures on the surface. The dashed squares in indicate approximate regions of the wing used for SEM and spectral reflectance measurements", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2533, "image": "14291.jpg", "report": " Representative high-power confocal z-stacked image of GFP+ (green) donor cells within the recipient TuJ1+ (red) myenteric plexus, 21-days after ex vivo transplantation.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2534, "image": "14928.jpg", "report": " SEM image of sample foamed with 3% carbon dioxide. (25× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2535, "image": "5734.jpg", "report": " QM-SO3-ER (λex = 405 nm, λem = 550–630 nm) at different scan times", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2536, "image": "16011.jpg", "report": " Well defined, unencapsulated tumor composed of spindle cells containing oval or cigar-shaped nuclei without atypia and mitotic figures (H + E, objective magnification 20 × ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2537, "image": "12093.jpg", "report": " Representative histotopogram of negative control and positive control of TRPM6 in the LV and tumour of the colon, respectively (× 40 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2538, "image": "2311.jpg", "report": " control tissue (100 µm; magnification 6.3 kx", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2539, "image": "14640.jpg", "report": " Confocal micrograph of endothelial cells showing 3D lumen formation in the vascular channel; F-actin is labeled in green and nuclei is labeled in red", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2540, "image": "2693.jpg", "report": " High power view of the infiltrate in the lamina propria (Hematoxylin and eosin, magnification 400×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2541, "image": "4631.jpg", "report": " Images of fluorescence from the Nile Red nanosheet implanted onto the wound of a mouse on days 7, 14, and 21 after implantation (representative images)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2542, "image": "2025.jpg", "report": " Similarly, γH2AX foci are undetectable in the blood vessel of the hippocampus of P4 mice without irradiation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2543, "image": "9563.jpg", "report": " Schematics and SEM images show the WS2-decorated (h,i) Au and PET substrate", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2544, "image": "80.jpg", "report": " Spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm and prominent dilated blood vessels (20X", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2545, "image": "15564.jpg", "report": " Triple staining for the oligodendrocyte markers O4 and MBP, and hNu (Scale bar: 50 μm. White arrow: triple merged cells)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2546, "image": "10248.jpg", "report": " qRT-PCR reaction confirmation of RS1 gene expression in Rs1-KO (Rs1-/y) mice retina receiving subretinal injections of AAV8-RS1 or AAV8-Null vector. 18s rRNA was amplified as endogenous control. The assay conditions are described in detail in Materials and Methods. The data are represented as a fold change in relative levels of indicated gene expression compared to those in WT control retina. (Exogenous RS1 gene expression levels at post injection day 7, G7)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2547, "image": "6674.jpg", "report": " Intraepithelial blister with a single layer of basal cells recovering the conjunctive tissue and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils (H&E, 5X)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2548, "image": "15394.jpg", "report": " Image mapped by the generator GA in the domain of the Aperio scanner (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2549, "image": "11797.jpg", "report": " Vertical section through the sample; a Gaussian filter was used to reduce the noise.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2550, "image": "2754.jpg", "report": " mRFP1 fluorescenc", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2551, "image": "14046.jpg", "report": " The intensity difference between the two extremes of the forward and backward scattering lobes in back-lit illumination condition", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2552, "image": "4543.jpg", "report": " Confocal photomicrographs of OST48 and a podocyte‐specific marker WT‐1 on kidney sections imaged at the glomerulus.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2553, "image": "2979.jpg", "report": " Representative images of cells at each step of iPast induction process from the two iPSC control lines 201B7 and WD39", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2554, "image": "6244.jpg", "report": " Projected confocal images superimposed on DIC image of the tail of 48hpf Tg(mpx:eGFP)i114 embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO (F) or 125 ng/ml PMA (G) showing fin defect and activation of eGFP-positive neutrophils (green, G)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2555, "image": "8499.jpg", "report": " corresponding histopathology (hematoxylin/eosin) specimen revealing germ cell maturation arrest (MA). Images A and B obtained at 400× magnification using an inverted optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse Diaphot 300, Nikon, Japan, with phase contrast (Hoffman))", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2556, "image": "680.jpg", "report": " Representative three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM) images of elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT)– or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)–stained glomeruli excited at 640 nm. Images were obtained from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) (N = 7 patients) or membranous nephropathy (MN) stage III (N = 2 patients)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2557, "image": "14417.jpg", "report": " The variations in particle sizes of ML-E-A and ML-A-E vs time under pH 7.4 and 5.5, respectively. Error bars denote the standard deviations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2558, "image": "1100.jpg", "report": " Schematic of the sketch-and-peel method using helium FIB milling to outline the desired shapes in a gold film on SiO2: (1) SEM image of an array of heart-shaped plasmonic dimer structures, (2) individual dimer. Adapted from [140]. Copyright © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Used with permission from Chen et al., Topology Optimization-Based Inverse Design of Plasmonic Nanodimer with Maximum Near-Field Enhancement, Advanced Functional Materials, John Wiley and Sons", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2559, "image": "7630.jpg", "report": " Optical microscopy image of ad-MVFs cultured in 3D collagen hydrogel at 2 days.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2560, "image": "14495.jpg", "report": " Magnified image of the area delineated in the white rectangle within the second last column of subfigure-B (merged image of carcinoma tissue with miRNA signals)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2561, "image": "3770.jpg", "report": " A representative SEM image of the left side of the RWM was divided into upper, middle, and lower third parts. The whitish circled area indicates the area where USMBs reacted at an acoustic intensity of 2 W/cm2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2562, "image": "4202.jpg", "report": " Oocytes from young (4–6 weeks old) and aged (12–14 months old) mice were fixed prior to labeling with anti-LC3B antibodies (pink), anti-EEA1 antibodies (green), nuclear counterstaining with DAPI (cyan), confocal imaging (60× objective), and puncta analysis. Representative images illustrate the punctate cytoplasmic co-localization of LC3B and EEA1 in young and aged oocytes where white arrow points to an example of large puncta. Scale bar = 10 μm, N = 4.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2563, "image": "9944.jpg", "report": " Images taken at 200× magnification showing damaged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer in the edge of the epithelial layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2564, "image": "11676.jpg", "report": " Raw test image, Ground truth boundaries in gree", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2565, "image": "7891.jpg", "report": " Cytopathogenic effects of TGEV on STE62 cell cultures three days after inoculation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2566, "image": "8765.jpg", "report": " intercellular granular deposition of C3 in direct immunofluorescence, DIF C3, 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2567, "image": "7121.jpg", "report": " Cytoplasmic Sox9 immunostaining in cells (arrows in c’ and d’) surrounded by damaged skeletal muscle fibers identified as central nuclei (open arrowheads in c’)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2568, "image": "13512.jpg", "report": " The electron micrograph of the doxorubicin nanoformulation under the viewing angle of 50 nm in turn", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2569, "image": "7857.jpg", "report": " The glucose biosensor, iGlucoSnFR.mRuby2 (depicted in left panel, GBP glucose binding protein) fluoresces when glucose is bound. The intensity of the cytoplasmic biosensor fluorescence was monitored as cells expressing VSV-G were induced to fuse. Images are representative of nine independent experiments", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2570, "image": "10576.jpg", "report": " Some amoeboid/activated Iba1-positive cells are present in the inner retina and subretinal space (arrowheads) but most reside in the choroid", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2571, "image": "8288.jpg", "report": " SEM image of sandblasted with 500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2572, "image": "5205.jpg", "report": " The presence of follicular structures was further confirmed by showing GFP and mCherry overlap fluorescence of the implanted region with the expression of yellow fluorescence. This sample of a localized transplant was from 4 weeks post-transplant", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2573, "image": "5813.jpg", "report": " TEM image of Co3O4@Co-MO", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2574, "image": "3990.jpg", "report": " SEM image of N2-40 Pa plasma-treated GF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2575, "image": "2305.jpg", "report": " MPM combining SHG and TPEF signals overlaid with OCT at different depths. NADH and FAD information (TPEF) reveals contrast corresponding to pituitary cells in blue, and collagen (SHG) shows the scaffold structure surrounding the cells in bright pink, respectively. Yellow arrows indicate cell nest with surrounding connective tissue.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2576, "image": "1509.jpg", "report": " perinucleus: magnification, 80k×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2577, "image": "2961.jpg", "report": " SEM images of instruments fractured after torsional test performed with a straight insertion in the artificial canal at 500× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2578, "image": "15563.jpg", "report": " Ovarian weights", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2579, "image": "9800.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence stainings of CD4, CD68, CD45 of the porcine spinal cords in the area when the hydrogel was injected", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2580, "image": "10847.jpg", "report": " Representative retinal sections produced by the conventional method", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2581, "image": "2308.jpg", "report": " Recombinant genetically engineered human adipose stem cells (hASC-eGFP) grown on biomorphic HA (B-HA), sintered HA (S-HA) and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) at day 14 are shown at magnification 20×. Cell nuclei were stained with 0.5 mg/mL DAPI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2582, "image": "10612.jpg", "report": " Cryosection block color photography. The presence of a blood lake in tumor cryosections is indicated by a yellow arrow", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2583, "image": "4817.jpg", "report": " 25% pupa (24 hours after puparium formation (APF)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2584, "image": "15427.jpg", "report": " Patient A absolute eosinophil and white blood cell count during pembrolizumab therapy displaying elevated counts at C4 and C5. The red line indicates the upper threshold of normal for eosinophil count", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2585, "image": "3137.jpg", "report": " Pathological analysis of the foreign material showed (a) osseous tissues without lamellar structure, which formed as a result of (b) proliferation of fibrous tissues and infiltration of inflammatory cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2586, "image": "15307.jpg", "report": " SEM image with scale bar = 20 µm, magnification of (a), showing extracted particles, splintered particles, and well-bonded particles with cracks in the matrix", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2587, "image": "11298.jpg", "report": " E. bovis–infected BUVEC stained with Mitoview zoomed in to observe mitochondria shape in only one cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2588, "image": "13829.jpg", "report": " Vermiform microstructure mingled with microbial micrite within a microbialite digit (enlarged from g). Scale bar, 500 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2589, "image": "9347.jpg", "report": " A cluster of very small, densely grouped CD34+ stromal cells with multiple intricate processes between the bulge region of a hair follicle and a sebaceous gland. Note CD34+SCs/TCs (arrows) interposed between the cluster of small CD34+ stromal cells and the hair epithelium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2590, "image": "1292.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, original magnification, ×5000, of a distal segment of a CN from an uninjured animal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2591, "image": "3582.jpg", "report": " Ab3327 without extract", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2592, "image": "14368.jpg", "report": " Representative image of white matter infiltrating axons in correspondence to the injection site.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2593, "image": "12707.jpg", "report": " OCN protein expression at femoral tissue was also measured by IHC staining (magnification: ×200, scale bar: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2594, "image": "16685.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence light micrographs of the rat DRG from 2-12 weeks stained with anti-GPR37L1 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2595, "image": "3000.jpg", "report": " SEM of coarse Al–Si alloy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2596, "image": "8351.jpg", "report": " Immunostainings against green fluorescent protein (GFP) on tissue sections of the primary mGBM and the recurrent mGBM model was performed to localize the invasive GFP-positive tumor cells in combination with nuclear DAPI staining to indicate cell dense tumor mass. Representative images of stained tumor sections are shown for primary and recurrent mGBM at early stage of tumor development", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2597, "image": "11913.jpg", "report": " A representative image from the Cell Image Library CIL50051 dataset. The volume has 3200×3200×413 voxels, and the voxel size is 3.6×3.6×60 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2598, "image": "14362.jpg", "report": " Representative coronal section of an acute slice of the injection site (200 μm thick), with bright field (gray) and tdTomato expressing neurons (red). The Allen brain atlas coronal table superimposed for reference indicates the correct targeting of the Auditory cortex. Scale bar: 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2599, "image": "9388.jpg", "report": " HLA-I negative/PD-L1 positive “encapsulated” tumor with abundant FAP+ cells surrounding HLA-I negative tumor nest and CD8+ T-cells confined in the peritumoral stroma. All images are at 100× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2600, "image": "14701.jpg", "report": " Histological observation of each group with HE staining. Few inflammatory cells are observed around Ti-2448 after 4, 12, and 26 weeks of healing (20x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2601, "image": "5890.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of electrospun PLA at 1000× magnification with a scale bar of 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2602, "image": "6056.jpg", "report": " fish exposed to hydroxychloroquine showing degeneration of renal tubule, shrinkage of the glomerulus, and dilation of Bowman’s spac", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2603, "image": "14302.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining for mitotic radial glia marker phosphorylated vimentin (p-Vim), SOX2, Nestin, and PAX6, and neuron marker MAP2 in Mat and BEM organoids at day 30 (scale bars = 100 μm, independent replicates = 6)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2604, "image": "13966.jpg", "report": " Genotyping PCR using ear clip DNA biopsies of wild type (WT), heterozygous mutant (HET), and homozygous mutant Dysf (KO) mice, as well as a no template control (NTC)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2605, "image": "1506.jpg", "report": " Mostly spindle mesenchymal cell appearance with loss of cuboidal architecture in any cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2606, "image": "9637.jpg", "report": " Visual comparison of the binding and uptake of the different 7D12-Atto532-CPP conjugates in A431 cells. Upper panels: whole field of view. Lower panels: enlargements of the indicated areas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2607, "image": "9025.jpg", "report": " Control group with MT staining under 10× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2608, "image": "14159.jpg", "report": " Cells treated with each Raman probe were stained with FM4-64 (yellow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2609, "image": "13119.jpg", "report": " phenotypic variations of Phyllium elegans females", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2610, "image": "5930.jpg", "report": " Pupal wings sampled at 24 hr post-pupation at 20× and 60× magnification show nuclear localisation of Cortex protein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2611, "image": "1288.jpg", "report": " Fraction of collapsed GCs in untreated, GFP AV–treated, and Cre AV–treated neurons, in the presence and absence of Sema3A. GFP and Cre AV experiments performed in quadruplicate, untreated +/– Sema3A performed in triplicate (untreated, no Sema3A: 0.38 ± 0.04, n = 425 GCs; untreated, +Sema3A: 0.56 ± 0.03, n = 376; GFP AV, no Sema3A: 0.35 ± 0.01, n = 379; GFP AV, +Sema3A: 0.55 ± 0.04, n = 410; Cre AV, no Sema3A: 0.35 ± 0.05, n = 440; Cre AV, +Sema3A: 0.40 ± 0.02, n = 422. Mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; unpaired 2-tailed Welch’s t test). Imaging and analyses performed in a blinded manner", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2612, "image": "8628.jpg", "report": " Angiogenic sprouting at the non-tumor side under hypoxia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2613, "image": "11825.jpg", "report": " Clusters c3 (blue line) to c8 (black line", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2614, "image": "9404.jpg", "report": " ALK-positive tumor cells. (Original magnification × 400 for A–D)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2615, "image": "2218.jpg", "report": " The “white arrows” indicate the multiple intercellular spaces (IS) devoid of NTs and TJ protein-protein interaction (Scale bar = 2,000 nm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2616, "image": "10305.jpg", "report": " Histopathology examination of Galleria mellonella infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 24 h gonococcal infected, larva 1. Multiple melanized nodules and clusters of hemocytes within the coelom adjacent to the rectum", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2617, "image": "4973.jpg", "report": " Endogenous ERp57 with Lamp", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2618, "image": "9781.jpg", "report": " Coverage of the GHF and SurgiWrap membranes after RC tear operation; the membranes impregnated with 2 and 4 mM farnesol fit smoothly on the tear sites. SurgiWrap was not malleable, preventing close attachment to the tear site", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2619, "image": "7422.jpg", "report": " Top panel: PAS stain of mucus produced in the lungs and quantified using Image Pro Premier (right panel)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2620, "image": "4526.jpg", "report": " IHC microphotograph (20× magnification) of intact group, insulin antibodies after 24 weeks of therapy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2621, "image": "2465.jpg", "report": " The testis in the control group showed normal seminiferous tubules. Red arrow indicates spermatogonia, red arrowhead indicates primary/secondary spermatocytes, black arrow represents spermatids, and black arrowhead represents spermatozoa. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules is shown by black two-headed arrows.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2622, "image": "15262.jpg", "report": " SEM image of composite based on the POPD-PVDF blends and DWNTs, when the carbon nanotubes concentration is equal to 1 wt.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2623, "image": "5904.jpg", "report": " Optical images of laser cut textil", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2624, "image": "10796.jpg", "report": " U-2 OS cells co-transfected with plasmids encoding LAMP1-RFP, Mito-BFP, and SNX19ΔPXA-GFP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2625, "image": "8308.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical expression of TrkA in control testis and seminomas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2626, "image": "8072.jpg", "report": " The total ROS in a cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2627, "image": "3822.jpg", "report": " Wild-type strain (WT) expressing mCherry-SKL displays distinct red fluorescent spots.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2628, "image": "14494.jpg", "report": " PD-L1 expression on tumor cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2629, "image": "8669.jpg", "report": " Biopsy of the initial lesion, with the appearance of a giant cell tumor of bone (Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], 200× magnification) with strong immunohistochemical expression of the H3F3A protein G34W variant in mononuclear cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2630, "image": "11112.jpg", "report": " Example images of CD38 molecule distribution on untreated and ricolinostat-treated MM.1S cell surface visualized by dSTORM. Scale bars, 2 µm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2631, "image": "1322.jpg", "report": " Correlative Cryo-SIM and FIB-SEM imaging of the nucleus in the granule neuron progenitor with euchromatin (H3.3) and heterochromatin (HP1) color-coded. Adopted from Hoffman et al (2020) with permission", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2632, "image": "6955.jpg", "report": " Apoptosis of villous small intestinal epithelial cells (confocal microscope, 400x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2633, "image": "16684.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification view of the area in the rectangle of Fig 5e stained with anti-GPR37L1 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2634, "image": "10191.jpg", "report": " Profound accumulation of inflammatory cells can be observed in the skin samples stained by HE. The pictures were taken under ×100, ×200, and ×400 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2635, "image": "10800.jpg", "report": " Bottom row shows a SNX19-KO cell that was transfected with a SNX19-GFP construct", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2636, "image": "9979.jpg", "report": " Amino acids 48K and 391E restore the predicted single hydrogen bond interaction and a distance of 1.809 Å between these two amino acids in the PB1att 4M protein", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2637, "image": "6829.jpg", "report": " Confocal projection image showing that green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled P. kernoviae forms finger‐like haustoria during infection of transgenic N. benthamiana, with plasma membrane labelled by an mOrange‐Lti6b fusion (shown in magenta). Haustoria were surrounded by labelled plant plasma membrane, indicating penetration of the plant cell wall and invagination of the plasma membrane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2638, "image": "11013.jpg", "report": " Protoplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite tepals transformed with PbTPS3-GFP.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2639, "image": "14677.jpg", "report": " Representative coronal sections of brain and spinal cord of Cx3cr1CreER-EYFP/+; R26DsRed/+ mice after systemic administration of tamoxifen by oral gavage", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2640, "image": "14283.jpg", "report": " In kidney whole mounts (sagittal halves), labelled cells expressing LacZ or GFP were found in the glomeruli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2641, "image": "13089.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microsco", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2642, "image": "14845.jpg", "report": " M2 macrophage marker CD206 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2643, "image": "6014.jpg", "report": " The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that both PD‐L1 and PARP1 were positive, while MLH1 and PMS2 staining were lost", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2644, "image": "3887.jpg", "report": " Immunoperoxidase stain for CK1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2645, "image": "14043.jpg", "report": " Objects in the same column are made of the identical material. However, due to smaller scale and presence of thin parts, the Bunny has more cues evoking perception of translucency.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2646, "image": "10618.jpg", "report": " DAPI nuclear staining (blue) merged with CD31 (yellow) immunofluorescence signal", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2647, "image": "5883.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of CS-ZX aerogel bead at φZX = 0.9, showing external surface (left) and inner section (right) at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2648, "image": "10030.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph from a control dog with mild acute tubular epithelial injury, characterized by loss of the brush border and simplification of the tubular epithelium. There are 2 sloughed necrotic cells within the lumen.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2649, "image": "6439.jpg", "report": " Left cheek and neck mass showing aggregates and cords of atypical basaloid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm along with numerous mitotic figures and necrotic cells consistent with MCC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2650, "image": "10013.jpg", "report": " The ovarioles (ov), the two filamentous venom glands (vgf) and the large unique milky venom reservoir (r)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2651, "image": "9790.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with PBS by IV route", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2652, "image": "198.jpg", "report": " Detailed shapes of I2-p and I1-p (boxed areas in B) at 5 DAA. The trichomes initiated from the adaxial leaf surface are marked by blue asterisks. Yellow arrowheads indicate the wounding sites. Scale bars: 20 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2653, "image": "8312.jpg", "report": " Images of the adaxial side of leaves during the second to the fifth stage of leaf development, respectively", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2654, "image": "9959.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM image of freshly synthetized Bi2O3 at 10K and different magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2655, "image": "840.jpg", "report": " Representative SEM images showing the ultrastructural surface of adult S. mansoni worms isolated from the mice. Female worms isolated from the control mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2656, "image": "1203.jpg", "report": " Representative LC3B dot-like staining and negative p62 indicates intact activated autophag", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2657, "image": "9596.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM images of cement surface. Scale bars, 1 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2658, "image": "10617.jpg", "report": " Pearson's correlation analysis of optoacoustic and histopathologic data sets showing inverse correlation (R2 = 0.582) between pimonidazole-positive hypoxic fraction (HF) and whole tumor eMSOT-sO2 estimates. Correlations were assessed on a per-tumor basis from pooled HF/eMSOT-sO2 measurements from vehicle (black dots) and Taxotere-treated (blue dots) mice (see Materials and Methods)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2659, "image": "356.jpg", "report": " 3D reconstruction of whole PLN and B cell cluster morphology. 3D volumetric surfaces were created using Imaris Surface tool, using Manual mode. Manual tracking of every 10 slices which corresponded with 50 µm sample thickness. The acquired surface reconstructions were used for analysis of morphology and volume of whole PLNs and B cell clusters", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2660, "image": "6772.jpg", "report": " Localization of GM3 on the pEF leaflet of the P. falciparum plasma membrane and the PV membrane PF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2661, "image": "14352.jpg", "report": " The leaf, flower, and corm of Amorphophallus albus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2662, "image": "6393.jpg", "report": " HE staining indicated a more complete structure around the filler Bi alloy and fewer inflammatory cells can be seen around it", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2663, "image": "15025.jpg", "report": " Scratched surface of PCF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2664, "image": "16449.jpg", "report": " pleurocystidi", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2665, "image": "2839.jpg", "report": " SEM imaging of 3D-printed dice made of polylactide (PLA, above and below right", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2666, "image": "3764.jpg", "report": " Epithelial surface of RWM under high magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2667, "image": "5743.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustration of the boron doping-induced interconnection-assembly (BDIIA) process.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2668, "image": "7476.jpg", "report": " Imaging at high magnification of the corneolimbal (B) and the conjunctival (C,D) blood and lymphatic vasculature after whole-mount fluorescence immunostaining and flat mounting of the dissected eye anterior segment. LYVE-1-positive staining marks lymphatic vessels (yellow asterisk) whereas blood vessels (blue star) of the corneolimbus are revealed by the sole CD31-positive staining. The gap in the LYVE-1 staining, as illustrated in (C), corresponds to the presence of a valve as revealed by the VE-cadherin staining in another similar field in (D). On both images, the valve location is pointed by a white arrow. Note the presence of a more or less punctuated VE-cadherin staining depending on the pre- or the post-valve location, that is typical of lymphatic button- or intermediate button/zipper-type of endothelial cell junctions", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2669, "image": "16304.jpg", "report": " Representative light (upper panels) and fluorescence (lower panels) images of live cells expressing the indicated fusions. Note that mNG-CEP78 is concentrated at the centrosome, whereas mNG-CEP78L150S is not. Scale bar, 20 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2670, "image": "9613.jpg", "report": " Microphotograph of H&E-stained liver from mice (100× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm; 400× magnification, scale bar = 50 μm). The rectangular frame was manually added, and the details were displayed at a higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2671, "image": "2050.jpg", "report": " γH2AX foci are almost undetectable in the border between dorsal hippocampus (O/A: border between stratum oriens and alveus) and corpus callosum (CC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2672, "image": "3002.jpg", "report": " Cross-sections of the eighth internode from WT.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2673, "image": "9504.jpg", "report": " Chemical structure of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core-based dendrimer.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2674, "image": "3087.jpg", "report": " Background fluorescence of untransfected CHO-K1 cells (lacking the serotonin1A receptor) labeled with 7 μM of analog I under the same conditions as in panel (a). The right panel shows DIC image. See Materials and Methods for other details", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2675, "image": "1987.jpg", "report": " SpoVQ-mCherry localization in ΔspoVQ, ΔsipLΔspoVQ, and ΔspoIVAΔspoVQ strains, where the fusion protein is the only version of SpoVQ present", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2676, "image": "16985.jpg", "report": " Representative histopathology image of obstructed kidneys in mice after HE staining (100×). Scale bar represents 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2677, "image": "9115.jpg", "report": " FE-SEM image at low magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2678, "image": "11713.jpg", "report": " Basa", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2679, "image": "14412.jpg", "report": " Panel B is an enhanced image of the boxed area in A.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2680, "image": "10784.jpg", "report": " Strong intracytoplasmic positive immunoreaction for fibrinogen in affected myocytes, skeletal muscle, common carp. IHC for fibrinogen ad Mayer’s hematoxylin counterstain, ×40 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2681, "image": "15729.jpg", "report": " Podoviridae phage", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2682, "image": "342.jpg", "report": " PECAM1 (red) and nuclei (DAPI; blue", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2683, "image": "16309.jpg", "report": " Western blots of lysates of serum-deprived WT and CEP78 KO RPE1 cells lines stably expressing the indicated mNG-tagged fusions. The blots were probed with antibodies against CEP78 (upper panel) and α-tubulin (loading control; lower panel). Molecular mass markers are shown in kDa to the left", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2684, "image": "12892.jpg", "report": " Comparison between the pseudocolored maps of the Pcn nucleu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2685, "image": "3747.jpg", "report": " Almost normal glomeruli (periodic methenamine silver and Masson trichrome staining, ×400)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2686, "image": "8307.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical expression of NGF in control testis and seminomas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2687, "image": "4112.jpg", "report": " Morphological changes in plastid nucleoids observed by DAPI staining in wild-type plant protoplasts. Signals corresponding to nuclei indicated by yellow arrows. Bars in the bright image represent 50 μm in length. ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2688, "image": "13875.jpg", "report": " Atom probe tomography (APT) tip reconstructio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2689, "image": "13994.jpg", "report": " a patient with MSI-L or MSS statu", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2690, "image": "8900.jpg", "report": " CCR7 staining in human breast cancer tissue at 20x magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2691, "image": "11745.jpg", "report": " Validation of nuclei segmentation by Jaccard index (Reference image was manually segmented by using QuPath Platform)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2692, "image": "1228.jpg", "report": " low expressio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2693, "image": "1503.jpg", "report": " SW480 and a SW480 cell line expressing VEGF (SW480-V) were fixed and stained for VEGF (green) and nuclei (DAPI; blue) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Bar 10μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2694, "image": "4559.jpg", "report": " Microscopic appearance of AO at ×10 magnifications, showing mild congestion and luminal parasite", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2695, "image": "15414.jpg", "report": " Low power view of the skin biopsy showing that the dermis is heavily infiltrated by round non-necrotizing granulomas (H&E, original magnification 12.5x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2696, "image": "3964.jpg", "report": " BHK-21 cells were cotransfected with the HA-tagged E1 expression plasmid and pDsRed-ER or pDsRed-Golgi, respectively. At 24 h posttransfection, the cells were fixed by 4% PFA, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100, and stained with specific antibodies against HA (green). Compartments (ER or Golgi) are indicated in red. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Analysis was done with a Leica SP5 confocal laser scan microscope", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2697, "image": "14969.jpg", "report": " Microstructure in the first characteristic place", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2698, "image": "12452.jpg", "report": " Sections showing undifferentiated tissue layers surrounded by pigment epithelium.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2699, "image": "13294.jpg", "report": " The cortical capillary networks immunostained with COL4 (blue/grey) and PDGFR-β (brown) were similar in both layers III and V [19]. COL4 and PDGFR-β double-positive cells (black arrows) are likely to be pericytes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2700, "image": "8518.jpg", "report": " Anti-iba1 immunohistochemistry in the same tissue sections", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2701, "image": "14565.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy observations of FaDu cells (left panel) and CAL 27 cells (right cells) for 48 h after treatment. Combined treatment (EP + MMC)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2702, "image": "8268.jpg", "report": " microstructure of MFJSD-WO microcapsules after simulated intestinal digestion (magnification: 800×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2703, "image": "16682.jpg", "report": " Immunogold particles observed in many small lysosomes and the basal lamina of satellite cells as well as larger lysosomes in smaller neurons.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2704, "image": "16785.jpg", "report": " T-SNE analysis together with a brain tumor reference cohort of glioblastoma (GBM) shows the clustering of case 1 to the DNA methylation classes of glioblastoma, IDH wild type, H3.3 G34 mutant (GBM G34) and of case 2 to the methylation class of glioblastoma, IDH wild type, subclass MYCN", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2705, "image": "1217.jpg", "report": " Remarkable CD163 positivity in pleomorphic cells, negativity in epithelioid cells (arrow) in immunohistochemical study", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2706, "image": "4511.jpg", "report": " Localization of H3K9me2 in TSC (Day 0) (n = 341) and TGC (Day 9) (n = 226)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2707, "image": "15138.jpg", "report": " Morphology of HeLa parental cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2708, "image": "703.jpg", "report": " Glomerulus from normal control rats and Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats on day 7 were stained with EMT and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars = 5 μm). Transmission electron microscopy images of the same kidneys are also presented (bars = 2 μm) (N = 3 in each group)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2709, "image": "14456.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemistry staining of HLA-DR on antigen-presenting cells demonstrates peritumoral immune cell clusters and lacking intratumoral infiltration.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2710, "image": "189.jpg", "report": " Schematic of dynamic gene expression patterns in sepal primordia from stage 2 to stage ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2711, "image": "9786.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph of spleen of L. infantum-infected mice and treated with Blank-NC equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day (oral)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2712, "image": "16693.jpg", "report": " DAB immunohistochemical analyses (e-f", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2713, "image": "15443.jpg", "report": " IVCM examination 3 days after TCSI", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2714, "image": "12595.jpg", "report": " Scanned slide of immunohistochemical expression of ERβ receptors in the descending colon in group E with grade +++. HE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2715, "image": "3975.jpg", "report": " Histologic examination of the brain lesion, showing liquefaction necrosis and abundant acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelsen stain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2716, "image": "5863.jpg", "report": " K. pneumoniae on fabrics (negative control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2717, "image": "13557.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical analysis showing the involvement of S100-positive Schwann cells in the tumor tissue. Scale bar: 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2718, "image": "6489.jpg", "report": " Hematein eosin ×20: SEI, epidermolysis is located in the granular layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2719, "image": "13996.jpg", "report": " Immunolocalization of protein WT1 in an E11.5 Tnnt2Cre;EYFP embryo. WT1 (red staining) is localized in some cardiomyocytes (inserts). Epicardial cells (EP) show expression of the protein WT1, and a few derive from a cardiac troponin-expressing lineage (yellow arrows).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2720, "image": "9370.jpg", "report": " Stromal cells expressing CD34 in a solitary fibrous tumor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2721, "image": "1282.jpg", "report": " Polycystin-2 expression in PT of WT mouse kidney demonstrated with IF staining of rabbit anti–polycystin-2 (green) and FITC-LTA (green)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2722, "image": "679.jpg", "report": " Representative light micrographs of periodic acid methenamine silver (PAM)– and PAS-stained specimens, and PAS-stained two-dimensional (2D) SIM images. Images were obtained from patients with MGA (N = 7 patients) or MN stage I (N = 7 patients). PAS-stained light microscopy and 2D-SIM images were obtained from the same kidney section portion (bars = 5 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2723, "image": "9522.jpg", "report": " First deposition of GO by EPD, magnification 10.6 k", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2724, "image": "3893.jpg", "report": " Mucous goblet cells were positive for mucicarmine staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2725, "image": "2655.jpg", "report": " Characterisation of sEV derived from blood plasma by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Graph shows that vesicles isolated from plasma displayed a mean diameter ranging between 30 and 120 nm. Intensity profiles showed that the major sEV population was approximately 50–120 nm in diameter (Invitrogen kit) and a second minor population was approximately 20–50 nm (Exiqon miRCURY kit)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2726, "image": "8397.jpg", "report": " Extensive podocyte foot process effacement and cytoplasmic vacuolization in a patient with primary FSGS.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2727, "image": "16890.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of G1M2 blastuloid spheroids stained for Fibronectin (green) and counterstained with F-actin (phalloidin; red) and DNA (DAPI; white) (n = 1). Scale bar: 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2728, "image": "843.jpg", "report": " Representative SEM images showing the ultrastructural surface of adult S. mansoni worms isolated from the mice. Female worms isolated from Sch B-treated mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2729, "image": "2043.jpg", "report": " γH2AX foci are almost undetectable in the subgranular zone (SGZ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2730, "image": "6254.jpg", "report": " Lateral DIC images of 48hpf hai1ahi2217 embryos treated with DMS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2731, "image": "13833.jpg", "report": " Vermiform microstructure in debris that includes calcimicrobialite and other reef-derived clasts (C) flanking reef stage III. Scale bars, 1 mm (main panel), 100 μm (inset)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2732, "image": "16748.jpg", "report": " The excised tissue after tooth extraction", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2733, "image": "4709.jpg", "report": " IPO nanoparticles were incubated with OVCAR8 tumor spheroids for 24 h, whose cells are engineered to express GFP. The tumor spheroids were washed and examined by confocal microscopy. The fluorescence of IPO labeled with rhodamine-B is shown in red. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye (blue). BF, bright field", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2734, "image": "12720.jpg", "report": " Cropped views of a single larva imaged from late L2 stage,imaged across the L3 and L4 stages until adulthood using the L1-L4 device", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2735, "image": "3998.jpg", "report": " Dark-field images of a blastula-stage embryo, a blastula-derived cell suspension, and re-aggregated cells and the gross morphology of aggregates at days 1, 2, and 3 after re-aggregation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2736, "image": "13865.jpg", "report": " Insertion point of fibers in sample 1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2737, "image": "12932.jpg", "report": " Myelinated (arrowheads) and unmyelinated axon segments (arrows) are observed within the heterotopion.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2738, "image": "14811.jpg", "report": " Micromorphology of cells in water: (g) on OA after 2 months", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2739, "image": "2850.jpg", "report": " SEM image of Ti-Si coated PROTON fabric at magnification of 2000×; point \"1\" is marked for EDS analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2740, "image": "16514.jpg", "report": " Cells stained for COL1A (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2741, "image": "6127.jpg", "report": " pH in an FOV of another 72-h biofilm with high flow space (83 µm) during the second static phase (30 min after onset of flow) (pH = 6.4 ± 0.1 SD)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2742, "image": "6142.jpg", "report": " Boxed areas in A are shown in B, C and D, revealing somata (black) and vessels (white", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2743, "image": "16897.jpg", "report": " Morphology and SAED patterns of irregular MHC", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2744, "image": "7482.jpg", "report": " Representative images show that both cell types are negative when stained with the PAX6 antibody (red) and positive with the anti-OCT4 antibody (green). The anti-OCT4 antibody stains the nucleoplasm with the exclusion of nucleoli", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2745, "image": "5989.jpg", "report": " Wall shear stress heat maps and elastin fiber staining of BAV aorta wall. Aortic wall from regions of high WSS (right panels; closed circles) had fewer elastin fibers (black) that were thinner and farther apart compared with regions with normal WSS (left panels; open circles) in the same human aortas (40 × magnification). Samples were collected from zone 1, 2, or 3, and from either the greater curvature, lesser curvature, anterior wall or posterior wall; accompanying diameters for tissue collection sites are shown. Gray denotes normal WSS, within the 95% confidence interval, compared with a healthy tricuspid aortic valve population; red and purple denote elevated and depressed WSS, respectively. Insets show steady-state free precession images of the aortic valve and Sievers valve phenotype. 3D, three-dimensional. Adapted with permission (Guzzardi et al., 2015)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2746, "image": "13030.jpg", "report": " higher magnification of the filarial worm surrounded by dense mixed inflammatory reaction, H&E x400", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2747, "image": "4561.jpg", "report": " Adrenal gland medulla of control group showing normal epinephrine with medium electron-dense granules (arrow), regular rounded nucleus, mitochondria, and intact cell junction (arrowhead), homogenous cytoplasm (×17,500)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2748, "image": "9987.jpg", "report": " Data obtained for macaques. HiRet vector (top), NeuRet vector (middle), and higher-titer NeuRet vector (bottom). Scale bars: 2 mm and 0.2 mm for insets", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2749, "image": "10779.jpg", "report": " AH obtained immediately the following enucleation and matched tumor tissue demonstrated 99.79% concordance in the presence of genomic alterations", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2750, "image": "15370.jpg", "report": " Immunostaining for CB1R (green) and Hoechst (magenta) shows minimal CB1R innervation in the striatum of P30 (a) Dag1Control;BaxControl and (B) Dag1Control;BaxKO mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2751, "image": "11334.jpg", "report": " SEM image of synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive composed of polymer micropillars with densely packed carbon nanotubes glued to the end.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2752, "image": "14651.jpg", "report": " FOXO3a was distributed in the nucleus of primordial follicles and cytoplasm of primary follicles in the in vivo and in vitro groups", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2753, "image": "6171.jpg", "report": " Image of the ACh/acetyl-l-carnitine ratio at a lateral resolution of 80 μm (−1.60 mm from bregma)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2754, "image": "8653.jpg", "report": " MBCDF-Tum cells xenografted in nude mice generated VM-forming tumors. VM structures (yellow arrow heads) were identified by PAS-staining (magenta color, left side of the picture) in a tumor section. In the right part of the picture, a similar section of the same tumor was stained for Integrin-β3 (ITGB3) as an endothelial marker, identifying tumor endothelial-vasculature (brown staining, red arrow heads) in a hot spot of ITGB3-negative VM channels (black arrow heads) (40 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2755, "image": "9791.jpg", "report": " Blank-NC equivalent to 40 mg/kg/day (oral", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2756, "image": "13289.jpg", "report": " partly overlapped with SPC (red)-positive cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2757, "image": "8844.jpg", "report": " Interleukin1-β expression (pg/mL)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2758, "image": "7846.jpg", "report": " Fusion pore formation and membrane changes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2759, "image": "5842.jpg", "report": " TEM image of the mouse slice at 6 h after intraperitoneal injection of normal saline in the normal mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2760, "image": "2338.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of the nucleus (DAPI, blue) at the regions of the apex, middle, and base of the cochlear tissues in each group of mice are shown. Scale bar = 25 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2761, "image": "16928.jpg", "report": " The implementation of a fiber-based scanning approach in combination with real-time data analysis and augmented chemical reality allows a direct visualization of the distribution of the molecular constituents in the sample. Here, row A displays the three different types of information, i.e., bright field, chemical image, and augmented image. Rows B and C display the information at two different timepoints, 3 and 6 min, respectively. The chemical and augmented image show a color-coded distribution of the three macromolecules from (a), i.e., red for lipid, green for bone, and blue for proteins", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2762, "image": "8354.jpg", "report": " Representative images show GFP-positive, invasive mGBM-TK cells in end stage tumors of primary or recurrent mGBM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2763, "image": "13487.jpg", "report": " Bright-field time series of mature egg chamber in an aquaporin depleted background (RNAi 50695/deficiency). Upon addition of AB, the oocyte bursts and the cytoplasm is visible leaking out within 1 min and 30 s (white arrowhead) (n = 72). Scale bar 60 µm. Maximum projection 40 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2764, "image": "6303.jpg", "report": " Electron micrographs of hearts subjected to I 30 min/R 48 h and treated with Nec-1+DMSO show a few autophagosomes, but the myocardial ultrastructure has more integrity than the vehicle group. Arrows indicate autophagosomes", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2765, "image": "5826.jpg", "report": " HR-TEM and ED images of LSO.TO@nano-C anode. Crystal structure of [010] plane of olivine structure LMPO, ED lattice pattern and STEM-HRTEM image for LMPO@nano-C cathode", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2766, "image": "15843.jpg", "report": " Phylotype 13 (PT13", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2767, "image": "2943.jpg", "report": " SEM images of instrument fractured after torsional test performed with a straight insertion in the artificial canal, respectively at 250×, 500× and 1000× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2768, "image": "2265.jpg", "report": " Localization of VEGF expression in kidneys (immunohistochemistry; original magnification: ×200)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2769, "image": "2623.jpg", "report": " TREM2 present in end-feet of astrocytes carrying soluble TREM2 in DS brain section", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2770, "image": "1633.jpg", "report": " Acinar (cribriform pattern with mucin) adenocarcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2771, "image": "5645.jpg", "report": " A small amount of red blood cells in the alveoli can be seen at 50 × magnification in the treatment group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2772, "image": "8891.jpg", "report": " Imaging of the interstitial compartment in organoids (upper row) and intact testis tissue (lower row). Peritubular basement membrane was detected using periodic Schiff-methenamine staining. Inter-tubular interstitium and peripheral capsule constructed by collagen fibers were detected in the organoids using Masson’s trichrome. Also, Leydig cells were detected by CYP17A and were observed in the inter-tubular interstitium", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2773, "image": "14903.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the 3D rGO/PPY scaffold", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2774, "image": "8046.jpg", "report": " Histopathological image of the bovine pericardium-based vascular patch (PP) at 120 days post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissue (CT). Red arrows: vessels, black arrows: macrophages, blue arrows: lymphocytes, yellow arrows: fibroblasts, green arrows: eosinophils, and black asterisks: multinucleated giant cells (HE-staining, 40× magnifications, scale bars = 20 µm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2775, "image": "2315.jpg", "report": " SEM image of native (magnification 500×) pancreas", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2776, "image": "14996.jpg", "report": " Cells of uneven shape without mucilage pockets in rgtb1-derived seed coa", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2777, "image": "8250.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of microcapsules produced by two-fluid nozzle spray drying, using WPI onl", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2778, "image": "2571.jpg", "report": " tumor organoids were treated with increasing concentrations of IQ, SP, 5-FU, or the solvent control and incubated for up to 72 h. Representative images of organoid morphology are shown. Scale bar: 100 µm;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2779, "image": "578.jpg", "report": " H&E images of PNTCTX printed scaffolds after 4 months, with corresponding histological scoring and assessment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2780, "image": "6755.jpg", "report": " basidiospore", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2781, "image": "215.jpg", "report": " Ablations including most of the abaxial pFIL/pDRNL expression domain", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2782, "image": "9029.jpg", "report": " Macrophotography of BC carriers applied to absorp peptides", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2783, "image": "2959.jpg", "report": " SEM images after torsional test performed with an insertion angle of 20° at 250× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2784, "image": "16132.jpg", "report": " CLSM images of the astrocyte monolayers immune-stained by anti-GFAP antibody (green) with nuclear staining by Hoechst (blue) in the astrocyte monolayers 72 h after the scratch in the absence and presence of IFN-β. Dashed lines highlight the area that was damaged by the scratch. Scale bar, 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2785, "image": "7274.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the wild-type strain MG1655 and the suppressor strain MY1901. For SEM, the scale bar is 1.0 μm. For TEM, the scale bar is 500 nM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2786, "image": "7639.jpg", "report": " Vaginal melanoma. Epithelioid-looking malignant cells in lamina propria outlooking a nest disposition, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×20 (histological image courtesy of dr. Ileana Popa)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2787, "image": "15232.jpg", "report": " SEM image and detailed elemental EDS analysis of the cell (place 1) and of mineral deposits (place 2) present on COL-modified MS/MC3T3-E1 cells/ECM constructs in OSG medium on day 14", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2788, "image": "3086.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopic images obtained by specific labeling of the serotonin1A receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells with the NBD-labeled analog of serotonin (I). Cells were grown on Lab-Tek chambers and labeled with 7 μM of analog I in HEPES-HANKS buffer, pH 7.2. NBD was excited using a 488 nm argon laser and emission was collected between 505–600 nm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2789, "image": "2346.jpg", "report": " Optical image showing the HUVECs cultured in experimental group II", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2790, "image": "105.jpg", "report": " Categorical scatterplots with super-imposed boxplots displaying the number of 2xFYVE-GFP endosomes per field of view in the presence of different FLAG-tagged effectors, RFP, or with no agroinfiltration (NI). 2xFYVE-GFP endosomes were significantly enhanced by the expression of PexRD31 (*P < 0.01, n = 6 for PexRD31 versus n = 24 for NI and n = 30 for RFP) with respect to the NI and RFP controls and the other effectors assayed. None of the other effectors assayed significantly increased the number of 2xFYVE-GFP-labeled endosome numbers", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2791, "image": "14413.jpg", "report": " Enlarged nuclei of tubular cells and interstitial fibrosis (Masson Trichrome staining, original magnification ×24)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2792, "image": "12419.jpg", "report": " Gastric mucosal biopsy taken in 2016 [H&E × 100]; moderate chronic active gastritis with incomplete intestinal metaplasia. Inset: [Giemsa × 100]; moderate H. pylori invasion", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2793, "image": "10004.jpg", "report": " High magnification D13 IHC.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2794, "image": "15126.jpg", "report": " The fluorescence of OsCAX4-GFP, FMTM4–64 (left), and overlay of FMTM4–64 and OsCAX4-GFP, bright field (right) are shown, respectively. Bars = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2795, "image": "9439.jpg", "report": " Visualization of BM-MSCs or MMs mitochondria stained with MitoTracker Red FM dye (blueish), and the mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs to MMs (A) or from MMs to BM-MSCs (B) through MM cell-derived TNTs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2796, "image": "1016.jpg", "report": " Magnification 5.00 kx.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2797, "image": "7427.jpg", "report": " Inflammation assessed by H&E stain (top panels), collagen deposition assessed by trichrome stain (middle panels), and smooth muscle hypertrophy assessed by αSMA immunofluorescence stain (red) (bottom panels) on lung biopsies of BALB/c and IL4Rα-deficient mice induced with PBS or TL1A. Quantification for each parameter is done using Image Pro Premier", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2798, "image": "58.jpg", "report": " Transverse section anatomy of the storage root", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2799, "image": "4959.jpg", "report": " FLAG-Yrt expression with shRNA targeting cr", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2800, "image": "12996.jpg", "report": " Corresponding Cre (-) control mice analyzed at P180", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2801, "image": "16894.jpg", "report": " The bar graphs show serial changes in the intimal thickening and luminal area in both groups. In the control group, the intimal thickening (ratio of intima area/media area) increased significantly at 2 h compared with 0 h, while cinaciguat attenuated such increment at 2 h. In the control group, the luminal patency (ratio of luminal area/total vessel area) was attenuated significantly at 2 h compared with 0 h, while cinaciguat preserved luminal patency at 2 h. SM, smooth muscle. Values represent the mean ± SEM; N = 6. *P < 0.05 by the two-way ANOVA analysis; ## and ** P < 0.01 by the post hoc test; magnification 200×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2802, "image": "10012.jpg", "report": " MpVLPs may derive from the small electron dense vesicles contained within large cytoplasmic vesicles (Lv) found associated with the Golgi apparatus (Gg)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2803, "image": "14877.jpg", "report": " Histology of subcutaneous evaluation of 9-Weeks Post-implantation. Photomicrographs (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×40/×400 magnification. (Pure PLGA Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2804, "image": "15086.jpg", "report": " Optical images of the 10% p-V-SiO2/PEO CPE", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2805, "image": "7977.jpg", "report": " Psoriatic uninvolved skin ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2806, "image": "8824.jpg", "report": " SEM images of the SC material and film with image (a) having an inset of digital photo of the powder", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2807, "image": "9532.jpg", "report": " TEM observatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2808, "image": "4619.jpg", "report": " leaves treated with LB only", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2809, "image": "11363.jpg", "report": " In situ hybridization images showing the E18.5 control and dcKO_Olig2-Cre forebrain coronal sections with riboprobed for PLP expression", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2810, "image": "8975.jpg", "report": " After 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, H&E staining images showed new bone development in the calvarial defect area", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2811, "image": "1086.jpg", "report": " β‐Carotene production in the engineered strains introduced with the sRNAs targeting genes related to cellular morphology", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2812, "image": "9457.jpg", "report": " Osteocytes embedded in collagen I gels after 7 days in triple culture", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2813, "image": "12001.jpg", "report": " Anti-PDX1 immunostained representative photomicrograph shows highly induced PDX1 positive ductal cells in cerulein with azoxymethane treated mouse pancreas compared with cerulein, and saline-treated mice. Morphometric quantification analysis of PDX1+ cells/mm2 were presented", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2814, "image": "14361.jpg", "report": " Reconstruction of the dendritic arborization of biocytin-filled tdTomato expressing VIP neurons. Scale bar: 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2815, "image": "9740.jpg", "report": " Histomorphometric analysis showing the percent of repair", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2816, "image": "11144.jpg", "report": " Translucent glands of Vaccinium exiguum calyx lob", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2817, "image": "7104.jpg", "report": " immunohistochemical staining with anti-PGI and TFF2, PGI-/TFF2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2818, "image": "14891.jpg", "report": " Average tight junction length in β2-tanycytes from CTRL and HFD mice", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2819, "image": "151.jpg", "report": " Histopathological and immunohistochemical profile of PMS2 immunostaining in surgical resection margins (SRM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2820, "image": "17071.jpg", "report": " Surface spreads from E185 ovaries from control (first row) and PB-exposed mice (second row) were immunostained with anti-H3K4me3 (green) and anti-SYCP3 (red) antibodies; the arrows represent telomere end-to-end connections", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2821, "image": "9962.jpg", "report": " TEM results for viable cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2822, "image": "5100.jpg", "report": " MarvelD3 mRNA detection in the E15.5 pancreas. The MarvelD3 probe hybridizes with all the cells of the branched epithelial tissue. Acinar structures are indicated with arrows, and ductal structures with arrowheads", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2823, "image": "9317.jpg", "report": " Fluorescence of Jurkat cells incubated with 13 for 15 min.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2824, "image": "2153.jpg", "report": " Representative histologic lesions from Asian elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease fatalities. Kidney, von Willebrand factor immunohistochemistry (vWf, brown colouration) with HE counterstain, × 15. Small vessels of the renal medulla exhibit widespread endothelial cell damage. Endothelial cells are variably swollen (arrow), with irregular staining patterns, separation and oedema (star) and sloughed off endothelial cells multifocally accumulate within the vascular lumen (arrowhead).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2825, "image": "444.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of low level (<30%) of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin sections (×200 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2826, "image": "13778.jpg", "report": " Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues after the intervention (microscopic resolution: 10 × 40). Light microscopies of pancreatic sections stained with PAS and counterstained with hematoxylin are shown. NC, DC, CMJE50, CMJE100, and CMJE200 stand for normal control (diabetic control, coconut mesocarp juice extract 50 mg/kg bw, coconut mesocarp juice extract 100 mg/kg bw, and coconut mesocarp juice extract 200 mg/kg bw)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2827, "image": "3821.jpg", "report": " Fungal strain (Δpex6) impaired for Pex6 expressing mCherry-SKL displays less distinct fluorescent spots compared to WT expressing the same construct", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2828, "image": "15001.jpg", "report": " Images based on the refractive indices of cells. Refractive indices between 1.39 and 1.41 are colorized in red", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2829, "image": "12222.jpg", "report": " Arrow: lymphoid follicles, demonstrating transmural involvement", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2830, "image": "11226.jpg", "report": " Liver histology at the indicated time in the elimination group for comparison", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2831, "image": "11968.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of superior olivary complex contralateral to IC infection. T-stellate fibers positive for ChR2-EYFP were prominently visible within LSO and VNTB", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2832, "image": "16193.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescent image of the B2 subunit of the GABAB receptor", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2833, "image": "16572.jpg", "report": " Photographic image of Vescom material without the SbQ-PVA/ZnTMPyP4+ coating.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2834, "image": "6041.jpg", "report": " The thin layer (marked with an arrow) is partially detached from the trabecula surface and shows less HAP content", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2835, "image": "13827.jpg", "report": " Simplified depiction of relationships among vermiform microstructure, microbialite masses and detrital carbonate sediment in g. Scale bar, 1 mm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2836, "image": "2555.jpg", "report": " NF2 mutation-driven CA-Para that presented as a recurrent clinically advanced Para of the right ear canal in a 35-year-old Caucasian man that invaded the temporal bone. Comprehensive genomic profiling revealed an NF2 E463K base substitution mutation and no other genomic alterations. The tumor mutation burden (TMA) was low at 2 mutations per Mb of sequenced DNA and the tumor was MSI Stable. The low magnification image in (upper left) shows the CA-Para with fibrous stroma and extensive necrosis (hematoxylin and eosin X 5). The higher magnification image (upper right) shows individual cell necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis (hematoxylin and eosin X 200). The IGV i", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2837, "image": "11205.jpg", "report": " Adenocarcinoma developed in the cyst, continuous with the non-neoplastic epithelia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2838, "image": "5830.jpg", "report": " STEM-EDS elemental mapping analysis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2839, "image": "14879.jpg", "report": " Photomicrograph (optical microscopy) stained with hematoxylin/eosin of the membrane implantation area at ×400 magnification in the Furanone Experimental Group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2840, "image": "10541.jpg", "report": " Lipidic material within the glomerular capillaries observed on Oil Red staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2841, "image": "14374.jpg", "report": " a severely damaged seedling field affected by MoT infection", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2842, "image": "8201.jpg", "report": " Microstructure of epoxy resin (Ep 5) and Fe3O4 composite polymerized without the application of CMF, image of secondary electrons SE, magnification 1000×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2843, "image": "10636.jpg", "report": " Post-mortem optical imaging of representative TBI-treated and untreated C3H mice 27 days after administration of 107 DID fluorescently-labeled Tag-Th1 cells (28 days post-2 Gy TBI) exhibited long term accumulation in the peritoneum, primarily the omentum majus (OM) and lymph nodes (n = 5 per group)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2844, "image": "8645.jpg", "report": " natural meranti sawdus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2845, "image": "11384.jpg", "report": " Images depicting the threshold analysis procedure performed by the software. The first alveolar image is analyzed by the software (visualized in the second image from the left) via a system of color thresholding where strong positives (red), moderate positives (orange) and weak positives (yellow) are detected, according to how closely it resembles our set HSB parameter", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2846, "image": "12233.jpg", "report": " Overlay of b with c, using ec-CLEM [11]. The LM information is displayed as a false-color image with red indicating the Golgi impregnation deposit in a and b to overlay and correlate it with the EM information.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2847, "image": "4291.jpg", "report": " Immunostainings for Foxa2, Laminin and Collagen 4 of ES, (f) MS and (g) LS stage embryos (representative of 7 embryos used for (e-g). Yellow dashed line indicates PS", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2848, "image": "292.jpg", "report": " Top view of a Tg(dmrt3a:GAL4;UAS:tdTomato), where only a single cell in the REN and a single cell in the CEN (ROLE) can be seen", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2849, "image": "13524.jpg", "report": " The morphological diagrams after 6 hours of taking doxorubicin nanopreparation, and the partially enlarged diagram of (a", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2850, "image": "837.jpg", "report": " Transmission electron microscopy of LB in an alveolar AT2 cells of a wildtype and a Lamp3-/- mouse. Wildtype: Individual Lamellar Bodies are clearly discernible and separated (left), containing continuous lipid lamellae (right). Lamp3-/-: Left: Multiple clews of lipid lamellae (white asterisks) are located within shared limiting membranes (white arrowheads). The space between the clews (black asterisks) is entirely filled with light grey material. Right: enlargement of the boxed area indicated left. Higher magnification reveals lamellae also inside the light grey material, which in some cases obviously are continuations of the darker stained lamellae inside the clew (top) or the stack of lamellae bottom left", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2851, "image": "4863.jpg", "report": " H. E staining with TRG ", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2852, "image": "9316.jpg", "report": " qRT-PCR analysis of IL1B, IL6, TNFA and S100A8 transcript level. Scale bar 100 μm. Data represent the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2853, "image": "1394.jpg", "report": " DIC and SEM showing correlative images of the same cell at the moment of parasite egress (size bar, 15 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2854, "image": "6436.jpg", "report": " Right temple mass showing a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with diffuse architecture and focally spindled morphology", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2855, "image": "8061.jpg", "report": " Histological image of the immunohistochemical detection of pro-inflammatory cells within the implantation bed of the porcine aorta patch (PAP) at day 10 post implantationem within the subcutaneous connective tissue (CT)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2856, "image": "10412.jpg", "report": " Mycelial morphology and TUNEL assay. The fungi were cultured on the PDA medium for 7 days, and the mycelia were then stained with 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), followed by the TUNEL analysis. a. The mycelia were stained with DAPI. b. Free DNA of the hyphae was re-stained with FITC-dUTP. c. The nuclei of the hyphae were stained with propidium iodide (PI). d. The mycelia were re-stained with Calcoflour White (CFW). e. The merged picture of (b)–(d). Samples were examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Scale bar, 10 μm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2857, "image": "6164.jpg", "report": " Lateral view of the 3D-reconstructed whole mouse brain, with a network of pial blood vessels visible on the surface.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2858, "image": "2790.jpg", "report": " calcium deposits of osteogenic differentiated MSCs, visualized by Alizarin Red staining (10× magnification, size bars 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2859, "image": "16590.jpg", "report": " Whole mount preparation of P0 and P4 Gpr125lacZ/+ cochleae showing β-Gal and CD44 expression in LER, and Gpr125-β-Gal expression alone in Hensen’s cells (HeC)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2860, "image": "6833.jpg", "report": " Inserted higher power image of the pulmonary vessel from (A) with marked mural multinucleated giant cell rich inflammation distorting and compressing the vessel wall without associated vascular necrosis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2861, "image": "4830.jpg", "report": " Gastric pits in stomach tissue sections of BALB/c mice infected with 1 × 106 oocysts", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2862, "image": "16296.jpg", "report": " High-resolution time-series that highlights bacterial growth within an IBC prior to and during administration of ampicillin. The bacterial volume within this IBC is not diminished by antibiotic treatment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2863, "image": "4389.jpg", "report": " CD3 (green", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2864, "image": "14404.jpg", "report": " Kidney biopsy showing mild acute tubular injury and extensive tubular deposition of pale yellow calcium oxalate crystals (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2865, "image": "9582.jpg", "report": " Side-view SEM image of porous carbon fibers (PCFs; carbonized PPFs) prepared with high molecular weight PVA", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2866, "image": "3491.jpg", "report": " SEM image of chitosan monofilaments prepared with lactic acid as a solvent in H2SO4-EtOH bath without dewatering", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2867, "image": "6971.jpg", "report": " Cross-sections of the arterial grafts were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods (top left panel) and perfused with heparinized blood. Following the perfusion, the cross-sections were fixated and processed for scanning electron microscopic imaging. Isolated adhered platelets are seen in the intima and media layer", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2868, "image": "8210.jpg", "report": " Representative photograph of wound tissue from the HSH-Collagen grou", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2869, "image": "2580.jpg", "report": " cell death staining in tumor organoids exposed to the indicated compounds for 72 h. Representative immunofluorescence pictures are depicted. Scale bar: 100 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2870, "image": "5896.jpg", "report": " Simulated HRTEM images of the atomic model", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2871, "image": "2921.jpg", "report": " SEM images of loose Cu-ETP powder at embedded 300× magnificatio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2872, "image": "8255.jpg", "report": " microstructure of MFJSD-O microcapsules after simulated gastric digestion (magnification: 800×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2873, "image": "6120.jpg", "report": " in situ hybridization results for PL10. (A1, B1) are images after rhodamine- labeled probe hybridization (red)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2874, "image": "1875.jpg", "report": " Representative GFP-stained sections show the localization of C918-GFP cells on the external surfaces of blood vessels (upper panel). Evidence of intravascular melanoma cells was not identified. Corresponding serial sections were stained for PAS-endomucin. Blood vessels were positively stained by endomucin throughout the tumors and correlated with the characteristic extracellular matrix-rich patterns (lower panel). Scale bar 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2875, "image": "16395.jpg", "report": " tph-mRNA expressing neurons are also present in the lateral opening of the III ventricle (IIIV) at the lateral recess nucleus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2876, "image": "3405.jpg", "report": " Light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging of the lungs showed that the total emboli count per mouse", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2877, "image": "8293.jpg", "report": " SEM image with 5000× magnification of MM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2878, "image": "7479.jpg", "report": " Both cell types show a low level of signal, mostly in the perinuclear area, when stained with the NESTIN antibody (red). The cell nuclei are positive when cells are stained with the SOX2 antibody (green). Nuclei are also stained with Hoechst (blue). Bar = 10 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2879, "image": "12444.jpg", "report": " Sections of adult E. sosorum eye illustrating regions of the posterior eye with well-developed retinal layers and pigment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2880, "image": "13473.jpg", "report": " Transgene nIs686 (gpa-16p::gcamp3) drives GCaMP expression in pharyngeal muscles pm2 and pm3 and in the mc1 marginal cells (not shown). Occasional dim expression was observed in pm1 (not shown)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2881, "image": "10798.jpg", "report": " U-2 OS cells co-transfected with plasmids encoding LAMP1-RFP, Mito-BFP, and SNX191–659-GFP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2882, "image": "15027.jpg", "report": " Two-color fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assay. Live cells are shown as a bright green color, while a red-orange color represents dead cells. Scale bar, 200 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2883, "image": "10811.jpg", "report": " Correlative SOFI and SICM overlay (white arrows correspond to the black arrows in b and c)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2884, "image": "2715.jpg", "report": " Higher magnification image of the square in (f).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2885, "image": "3252.jpg", "report": " Cells 32 days after dissociation. Bar, 40 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2886, "image": "9450.jpg", "report": " Mitotracker-labeled BM-MSCs were co-cultured with MMs for 1 h and analyzed with time-lapse imaging with an automated digital microscope system", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2887, "image": "10174.jpg", "report": " Examples of electron micrographs from the NS + Sham group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2888, "image": "10184.jpg", "report": " High expression levels of ERa, ERb, and PGR proteins in endometrioid adenocarcinoma", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2889, "image": "9242.jpg", "report": " Prussian blue staining of the liver obtained from the polymer SA group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2890, "image": "15960.jpg", "report": " SEM image of PG at low resolutio", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2891, "image": "278.jpg", "report": " Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific P36 (948 bp) and 16S RNA (627 bp) genes for the different passage strains: M, DNA marker 2,000; lane 1, ES-2 (P1); lane 2, P40; lane 3, P80; lane 4, P120; lane 5, P160; lane 6, ES-2L (P200); lane 7, positive control; lane 8, negative control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2892, "image": "13736.jpg", "report": " Neutrophils stimulated with PMA (25 nM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2893, "image": "9350.jpg", "report": " Panoramic view, in which a greater number of CD34+SCs/TCs is observed in the reticular dermis", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2894, "image": "6972.jpg", "report": " larger aggregates are formed in the adventitia", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2895, "image": "9082.jpg", "report": " Reversible shape transformation of a GUV from sphere to prolate and back to spherical shape triggered by the urea–urease enzymatic reaction, s = 5 mM, α = 0.5;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2896, "image": "10466.jpg", "report": " Representative image of macrophage and osteoclast cultures taken on Day 5 of differentiation (where Day 0 is defined as the time RANKL is first added to osteoclast cultures). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst dye. Images from phase contrast channel", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2897, "image": "10031.jpg", "report": " Enlarged image of A/PR/8-infected cells treated with chrysin", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2898, "image": "2255.jpg", "report": " Immunohistochemical staining of these specimens shows that the infiltrated lymphocytes are positive for CD21 of follicular dendritic cells", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2899, "image": "5657.jpg", "report": " Whole-mount preparation from the apical turn (turn four) of guinea pig cochlea. Inner hair cells (IHCs) are labeled with anti-Vglut3 (blue); Type-I auditory nerve fibers innervating IHCs in the inner spiral plexus (ISP) and tunnel-crossing medial olivocochlear efferent neurons are labeled with anti-Na+/K+-ATPase (green). In all panels, yellow asterisk indicates location of ribbon synapses in the ISP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2900, "image": "9330.jpg", "report": " The topography image of the E. coli HB101 cell after 15 min of incubation with C14-KYR", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2901, "image": "1456.jpg", "report": " Muscle biopsy (right quadriceps) from a Family 4 patient (aged 6 years). Biopsy shows predominantly neuropathic aspects with neurogenic atrophy (arrow) and thickening of the endomysium and perimysium. Fascicular grouping of type 1 fibres implicates a chronic neurogenic process. NADH-TR shows the presence of moth-eaten fibres (non-specific finding)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2902, "image": "3345.jpg", "report": " Representative images showing the inhibitory effect of TFs on the biofilm formation by using confocal laser scanning microscopy", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2903, "image": "14727.jpg", "report": " the condition of the liver of an untreated mouse 16 weeks after oral infection with parasite eggs.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2904, "image": "787.jpg", "report": " Segmental, necrotizing lesion with formation of an epithelial crescent. The adjacent glomerular arteriole shows evidence of vasculitis consisting of mural inflammation, karyorrhexis, and luminal obliteration.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2905, "image": "15254.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the PVDF spheres with magnification of × 1.00K", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2906, "image": "9671.jpg", "report": " Propafenone 25 µM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2907, "image": "6542.jpg", "report": " Representative microphotograph of an ischemic (ISCH) glomerulus, showing tuft collapse, wrinkled basement membrane, and closure of capillary loops, on Day 180 (PAS-stained, 400×)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2908, "image": "3001.jpg", "report": " Cross sections of the seventh internode from WT at 200 magnification.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2909, "image": "786.jpg", "report": " Segmental area of glomerular rarefaction with a small fibroepithelial crescent and adhesion to the Bowman’s capsule. Typical of a pauci-immune crescentic process, the remaining glomeru", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2910, "image": "14899.jpg", "report": " Results of the alizarin red staining assay for MC3T3-E1 cells after co-culturing with 3D rGO/PPY/Sr (e", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2911, "image": "11465.jpg", "report": " Representative microCT and low-magnification H&E sections of empty, CERAMENT, and CERAMENT G groups. MicroCT and low-power images show significant bone growth in the previous defect in CERAMENT and CERAMENT G groups. High-power histology images show evide", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2912, "image": "6975.jpg", "report": " Cryosections of allografts were immunostained for platelet (blue) and fibrin (red) antigen after whole blood perfusion as in Fig 3. The green autofluorescence of the internal and external elastic lamina indicates the boundaries between the wall layers (i: intima; m: media; a: adventitia). Images from two different regions of interest in two different allografts are shown for each time point", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2913, "image": "927.jpg", "report": " Unilocular zoidangium (double arrowhead) borne on subcortical cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2914, "image": "6236.jpg", "report": " Lateral micrographs of embryos treated with DMSO (A) or 125 ng/ml PMA (B, C) showing generation of epidermal aggregates (arrowheads)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2915, "image": "4391.jpg", "report": " Colonies of E. coli labeled with the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express2", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2916, "image": "238.jpg", "report": " The development of a control leaf without wounding", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2917, "image": "14966.jpg", "report": " Microscopic evaluation of fungal growth on variant 3 at 42× magnification of the sample image.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2918, "image": "8098.jpg", "report": " 200× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2919, "image": "14926.jpg", "report": " Optical transmission microscope image of 0.5 wt% MWCNT at lower magnification, showing individual CNTs", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2920, "image": "5780.jpg", "report": " Schematic illustration of the synthesis of a hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 single crystal via a seeded nucleation and growth method by using monodispersed SiO2 spheres as the hard template", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2921, "image": "8977.jpg", "report": " The relative areas of fresh bone formation in three experimental groups, as determined by histological examination, (n = 5, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001). Human OE-MSCs encapsulated in 7 mg/mL collagen hydrogel regenerate calvarial bone in vivo", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2922, "image": "11897.jpg", "report": " Comparison between the GT and the results with FNs in white, FPs in black and both TPs and TNs in grey", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2923, "image": "8847.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section of GCTB tissue after combination treatment with denosumab and sunitini", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2924, "image": "335.jpg", "report": " Autopsy renal section from a fetus at 22 weeks due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Abundant proximal tubules were noted as the normal control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2925, "image": "1158.jpg", "report": " Microscopic view at ×40 magnification of H&E and NICD1 stain. Bars indicate 50 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2926, "image": "9833.jpg", "report": " The adhesivity of uniform cells onto the inner surface contributed to forming an adepithelial layer, at two magnifications. (Yellow in false-color image: cells)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2927, "image": "8489.jpg", "report": " SEM image of the external structures of the calcium-alginate hydrogel balls under different working pressures for 3 cycles at 100 × Magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2928, "image": "6450.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section, original magnification 100×.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2929, "image": "13169.jpg", "report": " The apical cells (AC) of the gastric corpus were negative, whereas the glandular cells expressed CREM", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2930, "image": "12308.jpg", "report": " Innate homing and Vγ9/CD123 bispecific mediated anti-tumor activity of Vγ9+ (γδ) T cells in KG-1 xenograft model", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2931, "image": "10655.jpg", "report": " Ex vivo autoradiography (AR) at 7 d and 21 d after myocardial infarction (MI) and Masson trichrome histology (MTC) in adjacent sections shows the selective accumulation of [68Ga]MHLL1 in the infarct and border zone regions which is blocked by the co-administration of unlabeled compound (1 mg/kg). Autoradiogram images are scaled to the maximum signal for regional localization", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2932, "image": "9161.jpg", "report": " moderate (intraductal papilloma; MIP", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2933, "image": "2193.jpg", "report": " Histopathology of whole-mount prostate with Gleason score 4 + 5 cancer in dotted area.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2934, "image": "3541.jpg", "report": " cross-section view (16,000×) of TOCNF/", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2935, "image": "2846.jpg", "report": " Low magnification secondary electron image showing the hatched region for (c) case 7 (0.8 mA). All but case 7 showed nearly identical melt tracks to case 1. Case 7 was the only to show clear evidence of under melting", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2936, "image": "9197.jpg", "report": " Schematic drawing of the cardiac regions: VA, ventral aorta; B, bulbus arteriosus; V, ventricle; AVR, atrioventricular region; A, atrium; SAR, sinoatrial region; SV, sinus venosus. The area highlighted in blue indicates the region of observation. Scale bars: a: 50 µm; inset of a, 100 µm; b: 5 µm; c, 3 µm; inset of c, 500 nm; d, 3 µm; e, 2 µm; f, 500 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2937, "image": "3307.jpg", "report": " Looped RNAs associated with vRNPs were observed. Scale bars represent 50 nm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2938, "image": "8963.jpg", "report": " Micrograph of double-labeling for pKu70 (10 nm beads, colored in red) and 53BP1 (6 nm beads, colored in green) after focused microbeam IR with 1 ipp carbon ions. The pre-defined IR matrix with micrometer-sized beam spots is delineated as circular areas (cyan).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2939, "image": "3477.jpg", "report": " Au single-metallic layer surface morphology", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2940, "image": "2992.jpg", "report": " SEM-BSE images and phase identification by EDS analyses performed both at the cross-sectioned Si-8at% Ti alloy sample after arc melting", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2941, "image": "1986.jpg", "report": " SpoVQ-mCherry localization in wild-type, ΔsipL, and ΔspoIVA strains, where the fusion protein and untagged SpoVQ are both produced. A slight increase in cytosolic signal in SpoVQ-mCherry was observed in the ΔspoIVA strain background. Sporulating cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (phase); the nucleoid was visualized with Hoechst. In the “merge” image, SpoVQ-mCherry fluorescence is shown in red and Hoechst staining is shown in blue. Images are representative of the results of three biological replicates", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2942, "image": "6447.jpg", "report": " T-cells highlighted by a CD8 IHC stain, original magnification 100×.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2943, "image": "1355.jpg", "report": " Morphology of kidney tissues in rats among four groups on the third day of transplantation", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2944, "image": "17065.jpg", "report": " Structurally preserved nuclei from E18,5 ovaries from the control (top row) and PB-exposed (bottom row) groups were immunostained for KDM5A and SYCP3", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2945, "image": "9851.jpg", "report": " The morphology of conventional sunflower pollen grains showed by scanning electron microscopy (500× magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2946, "image": "110.jpg", "report": " Chloroplast with developing thylakoid membrane", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2947, "image": "11317.jpg", "report": " Automated FIB-SEM cross-sectional analysis was performed on an E. coli cell", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2948, "image": "15120.jpg", "report": " microstructures of base material", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2949, "image": "4988.jpg", "report": " Histological sections of H & E staining in the cerebral cortex of mice receiving simvastatin, showing small aggregation of lymphocytes (magnification ×20)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2950, "image": "2607.jpg", "report": " Polarized light image of P(3HO) film in 10× magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2951, "image": "446.jpg", "report": " Representative photomicrograph of high level (≥30%) of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin sections (×200 magnification)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2952, "image": "9945.jpg", "report": " E. coli JLM281 was exposed to 0.75 µg/mL aztreonam, beginning 1 h after subculture. Bacteria were collected at 4 h, stained with 0.2% acridine orange in 50% ethanol, then washed, allowed to dry on a glass microscope slide, and photographed at 1000× magnification. Size bar indicates 10 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2953, "image": "11130.jpg", "report": " Photomicrography of the excoriated areas treated topically with CD at 7 days of follow-up; sample was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The black arrows indicate the thickness of the epidermis, and the black arrow heads indicate the thickness of the crust (magnification: 50x)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2954, "image": "381.jpg", "report": " The length of oculomotor axons from its nucleus shows a shrinkage with coactosin shRNA than control shRNA (eight embryos for each, **p = 0.0047, Mann–Whitney U test). Scale bar: 100 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2955, "image": "5700.jpg", "report": " The average length of the semi-major and semi-minor axes in the spiraling structure.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2956, "image": "5467.jpg", "report": " Sample from a negative SARS-CoV-2 individual;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2957, "image": "9994.jpg", "report": " GFP (green) and double immunofluorescence staining for Iba1 (red) and CD8 (blue) at the injection sites of the HiRet (upper) and NeuRet (FuG-E; lower) vectors in rats. Insets: higher-power magnifications of the square areas. Scale bars: 500 μm and 100 μm for insets", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2958, "image": "3277.jpg", "report": " In probands from families F7, F8 and F9 (d–f), multiple SMPX-positive sarcoplasmic inclusions are present in several fibers. In F8 III.2 (e) and F9 II.1 (f), separate myofibrillar CRYAB accumulation is observed (white arrowheads), which does not co-localize with SMPX labeling.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2959, "image": "7940.jpg", "report": " In the contralateral side of the brain, CLDN5 immunolabelling always remained continuous, and tracer remained within blood vessels. The x- and y-axes are 140 µm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2960, "image": "14995.jpg", "report": " Mucilage sheath after imbibition in WT-derived see", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2961, "image": "2967.jpg", "report": " after 6 h of plasma FNC;", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2962, "image": "2295.jpg", "report": " Immunofluorescence staining to detect Bcl−2 and survivin in various regions of the mouse myocardium. The heart tissues were stained with anti−Bcl−2 antibody (yellow) and anti−survivin antibody (red), while nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The expression levels of Bcl−2 and survivin were compared among the three groups (control, DOX and MSC-sEVs + DOX) using confocal microscopy. Representative images are shown (magnification 400×; scale bars, 20 μm)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2963, "image": "8302.jpg", "report": " Scanning electron micrograph of the leaf of OxPdER Ln 12", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2964, "image": "14338.jpg", "report": " Using Giemsa staining, rings, and dicentric chromosomes can easily and accurately be detected and quantified in patients' blood samples. Arrows indicate chromosome aberrations. On the left there is a centric ring with acentric fragment and on the right there is a dicentric chromosome with acentric fragment", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2965, "image": "13213.jpg", "report": " Mid-sagittal section of the rat nose", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2966, "image": "3142.jpg", "report": " Histologic findings of renal biopsy. There was edematous interstitium, detachment of tubular epithelial cells, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration into interstitium (×100, H&E staining). Intratubular aggregates of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and cell debris (arrow)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2967, "image": "458.jpg", "report": " Determination of AD-MSCs differentiation into IPCs after 28 days and upon staining with DTZ. Imaging revealed the existence of red-color zinc-binding elements in beta cells (arrows) showing intracellular accumulation of Zn, and indicating insulin-like cell activity", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2968, "image": "12056.jpg", "report": " Transmigrated leukocytes [white blood cells (WBC);] and total protein concentration were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2969, "image": "14988.jpg", "report": " NS-GFP-expressing HeLa cells after treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor ActD for 3 h", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2970, "image": "3573.jpg", "report": " SEM imaging of tensile failure zones for waste", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2971, "image": "4323.jpg", "report": " Analysis by confocal microscopy of worms expressing YFP in the body wall muscle cells left untreated (top panels)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2972, "image": "2162.jpg", "report": " twi::Gal4 > Opto-htl embryos stained with Mef-2 and Eve antibodies at stage 16 under dark and illumination conditions. Arrows correspond to phenotypes described in the text", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2973, "image": "7085.jpg", "report": " Intermediate magnification showing solid, trabecular, and insular growth of large neoplastic cells.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2974, "image": "12885.jpg", "report": " Example of the filters applied to obtain the axon maps from a DβH immunostained section from M. nemestrina", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2975, "image": "4694.jpg", "report": " kidney (glomerulus", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2976, "image": "2832.jpg", "report": " SEM micrograph of PBF-LB/M densified sample at higher magnification", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2977, "image": "13309.jpg", "report": " RBE4-WT cells (#1) labeled by the eFluor 670 staining as well as RBE4-MDR1-EGFP cells (#2) visualized by the MDR1-EGFP fluorescence and nuclei counterstained in blue by bisbenzimide H", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2978, "image": "98.jpg", "report": " Confocal microscopy images of the edge (B) and the top (C) of N. benthamiana leaf epidermal cells coexpressing mCherry-PexRD31 and YFP-RabC1", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2979, "image": "15701.jpg", "report": " DAPI staining of a 6-month-old juvenile with a length of 10.5 mm.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2980, "image": "3294.jpg", "report": " Backscattered image of a corroded crystal of zoned plagioclase with a spongy textured corona.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2981, "image": "6667.jpg", "report": " Negative reaction control", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2982, "image": "8584.jpg", "report": " Hematoxylin-eosin staining of Bursa of Fabricius collected at day 42 with magnification 20×", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2983, "image": "557.jpg", "report": " Two-photon in vivo images of RI7-L-A550 nanoparticles (red) 2 h after injection into the circulation. Co-injected FITC-dx (green) delineates vessel lumen. Nanoparticles readily associate to vessel walls at pial venules, ascending venules, post-capillary venules, and capillaries.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2984, "image": "13094.jpg", "report": " Images of the unstained tissue sections from both upper and lower parts of mice uterine cervices at 6 and 18 days of gestation; third row–the linear depolarization α22 (dimensionless", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2985, "image": "6332.jpg", "report": " Representative micrographs showing tube formation assay in vitro of HDLECs pretreated with different macrophage CM for 48 h. Scale bar, 50 μm", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2986, "image": "8736.jpg", "report": " Quantification of hydrogel dimensions once removed and compared to initial in vitro dimensions.", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2987, "image": "4249.jpg", "report": " OTSU", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2988, "image": "14519.jpg", "report": " TF-tGFP distribution in HDBEC with TFSer245-tGF", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2989, "image": "8553.jpg", "report": " developing human cranial spinal cord in the 5th–6th weeks: ventricular zone, intermediate zone, marginal zone, floor plate, roof plate, lumen, coccygeal remnant, coccygeal vertebrae, skin epithelium, dorsal ganglia, ventral horns, intermediate horns and dorsal horns, ependymal layer, notochord", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2990, "image": "15696.jpg", "report": " Ventral view of immunostained juvenile", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2991, "image": "3663.jpg", "report": " Corresponding AFM images showing (i) the interaction of RNAP176, Tp53180 and TOPII174 with DNA and (ii) DNA architecture in the absence (-) and presence (+) of small molecule therapeutics", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2992, "image": "10047.jpg", "report": " At high magnification, the coronavirus particles were spherical, with an average size of 100 nm, surrounded by a membrane, on the surface of which there are electron-dense outgrowths of the S-protein (arrowhead), and granular nucleocapsid structures (asterisks) can be seen in the lumen of the particles", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2993, "image": "15354.jpg", "report": " Fluorescent vascular staining was quantified from tumor surfaces and the cross-sectioned images were extracted every 5 s from video of the cleared tissue (** p < 0.01)", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2994, "image": "2931.jpg", "report": " SEM diagram at 350 °C with PU/Pt (10 g/ft3) mixtures at 1:1 mass ratio after 20 h of aging", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2995, "image": "12285.jpg", "report": " HeLa cells stably expressing VPS4A-L-GFP and LEM2-mCh were treated with the indicated siRNAs and imaged live. The clusters induced by CHMP7 depletion did not contain VPS4 (B).", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2996, "image": "11043.jpg", "report": " The scratches caused by the aggregates on the failure interface", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2997, "image": "11502.jpg", "report": " The raw output for the fourth attribute being evaluated", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2998, "image": "9691.jpg", "report": " With higher magnification of NO-50P shows the secretory cell contains several secretory vesicles with negative staining using PAS, and also contains secretory vesicles with smaller amounts of carbohydrate, which are characterized by a red-pink color from PAS staining", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "id": 2999, "image": "7528.jpg", "report": " H2O2 measurement from renal tissue using Amplex red. * p < 0.05. n = 8 mice for each group", "metadata": {}, "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/pmc_oa/train_images" }, { "caption": "The type of cells present (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, histiocytes, mast cells) should be considered in the differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_88d7c227-32e8-451d-bdfb-d72d0c35d40c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_0", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis can look similar to pustular psoriasis, with sub corneal neutrophilic pustule and diffuse spongiosis.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_e980090e-fed8-4117-970e-1898766483ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_1", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Extensive tumor necrosis is present.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_2", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other areas of the tumor resemble atypical cartilage.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_3", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigment may be present in mucosal melanoma, but it can also be amelanotic.", "image_path": "npRtDfSNV5M_image_c039889a-456d-4b17-8a48-2b4c3361e45f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_4", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (also known as collagenous fibroma) is characterized by cells that look like splattered fibroblasts.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_81d3c75d-03fd-49b3-a8de-1db0859a296e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_5", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adenocarcinoma is a glandular malignancy that can be peripherally or centrally located depending on its origin.", "image_path": "2AaErlvd-90_image_14aa0fb0-89e9-4006-8a37-0756ff266eef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_6", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid and de-differentiated part is mostly exophytic and growing into the lumen.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_484af07d-9b6a-4e64-a1eb-c59535f5e5bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_7", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells in poroma neoplasms secrete sweat and use glycogen for ATP production.", "image_path": "SQ1uNXtJwdI_image_cdfc70e1-1e14-456c-8d11-d7d6d7527cb3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_8", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Seminal vesicles contribute to the volume of semen and contain smooth muscle that responds to the sympathetic nervous system during ejaculation.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_457365c0-a0fe-48e5-b9f1-af8a8a47e7c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_9", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Antibodies against GM-CSF pathway are present in this autoimmune disease.", "image_path": "Loj1ms9sd0c_image_8ee72067-b59b-4cb8-aa0e-dc0d583dc653.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_10", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biopsy shows squamous epithelium in the normal esophagus and glandular epithelium with numerous goblet cells, indicating intestinal metaplasia.", "image_path": "Eh4_b_O7tMQ_image_887e6ea4-50a5-4b61-8656-ab1a0292bc5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_11", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate along the basilar epidermis with admixed histocytes", "image_path": "cC8UZQk1f4k_image_4206ac38-4028-4032-839d-60fffdf68417.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_12", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of skin lesions, including interstitial mostly neoplasms like Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_9a849b49-ce46-47c5-a715-1e4ccc887bdc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_13", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermis has collagen with spindle to stellate cells, some of which are boomerang or triangle-shaped.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_14", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor may be a precursor to pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumors.", "image_path": "4G3LjX8iQ5I_image_5956b9ef-45d0-44ac-9c8f-614b872b9d68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_15", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The prognosis for this high-grade tumor with predominantly astrocytic differentiation is poor, with most patients dying within three years of diagnosis.", "image_path": "tqGdlaYtrsE_image_58ef792a-b0df-4c0d-954c-2699dbe7f3e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_16", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample shows substantial chronic injury with moderate tubulointerstitial fibrosis.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_4ae2b2e5-5912-48ad-83b9-313025febd40.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_17", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of foot processes of ependymal cells and nuclei lining up behind each other is characteristic of ependymoma.", "image_path": "NBFYxOaduzI_image_a251c5d8-5677-4668-a859-d550add9623d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_18", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The major interlobular duct has a stratified columnar epithelium.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_19", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is labeled as Bowenoid papulosis, which is a type of high-grade dysplasia driven by high-risk HPV.", "image_path": "sohlZtwTs-w_image_cb581e4a-fbcd-4756-a3a0-45c0cbc53624.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_20", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcitonin and other immunostains, such as TTF1, are important for diagnosis.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_8820d99a-1f02-4349-b273-720c45947612.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_21", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is likely benign and a neoplasm of fat.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_a91806e7-c335-4515-bf63-f3a092bf881e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_22", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperplastic changes are seen in the foveolar zone of the mucosa in lesions that may develop close to chronic ulcers or percutaneous gastrostomy.", "image_path": "LAKY-2vj99A_image_19de8188-0f42-48c3-9ddd-0182c40d7394.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_23", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Disordered proliferative endometria is observed, with fragments showing endometrial glands and stroma.", "image_path": "VYgvq5-w1V4_image_9a4137de-1c67-4034-ad8b-96e25fb242dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_24", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Telangiectases and fibroplasia of collagen bundles may be present due to longstanding process.", "image_path": "cQJHhfv421w_image_2dd9d402-bd61-4a0d-9e62-2bea02f9dd89.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_25", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of sebocytes and blue basal cells in a tumor, diagnosed as sebaceoma, which is a benign sebaceous neoplasm.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_ac6f6e0b-5583-495a-9fb3-a4e24ec8778d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_26", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils may be present in the spongiosis and dermis.", "image_path": "QUl6ZjH6t20_image_01dd9924-1f66-408a-b4e6-115c8298c7d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_27", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a staghorn or antler-like morphology and is lined by darkly staining hyperchromatic cells that protrude into the lumen.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_cd0a9fe0-dd37-473e-9cbb-22484b383631.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_28", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fenestrated blood vessels and nuclei of pituitary sites are visible in the neurohypophysis.", "image_path": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_29", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bowen’s type cells with big nuclei may indicate moderate differentiation if they invade the dermis.", "image_path": "LG72DjuVvhY_image_13494f1d-b3ca-4650-8ef1-617a828a905f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_30", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma in mucous membrane sites have a poor prognosis.", "image_path": "BkAeObrNh7Y_image_22942ab1-ef61-4f36-875e-4294ed314ffe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_31", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The circumscribed subcutaneous nodule is not a typical presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_67dcce76-fbdf-4fb5-9e66-50fd8110bdd9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_32", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The renal lobule is composed of a central medullary ray and one half of the cortical labyrinth on either side.", "image_path": "ivBCcR4jAKA_image_e4c753df-168c-4e9b-a860-5921497eaece.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_33", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodules can include cysts, cavitary lesions, and fibrosis in advanced cases.", "image_path": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_34", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a normal mitotic figure in the basal cell layer.", "image_path": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_73e5e8b5-0d76-49cd-9763-5a73b3eef385.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_35", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils located in the papillae of the epithelium should not be counted.", "image_path": "L_v9lgMKQh8_image_818d3133-4795-49e4-ab29-8941732ce463.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_36", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_37", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of granulomas and coalescing necrotizing granulomas.", "image_path": "MC4AJiabUGM_image_2ffbc7a9-a597-4dd1-995b-63ceb3674f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_38", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear demarcation between surface urothelium and underlying lamina propria, no evidence of invasion.", "image_path": "_V3g5ujzdlw_image_55b34886-31e0-474f-a0f9-3b12a7dcec73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_39", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion can become cytologically atypical over time.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_40", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Occasionally, plexiform schwannoma can occur as another example of nerve tumors presenting in the skin.", "image_path": "dwKK8Hq92oA_image_cd63d032-779b-4903-ac9a-b61c0909f095.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_41", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Location of the examination is on the trunk, specifically on the trapezius.", "image_path": "8_LH1aKdI00_image_8aebcee1-cec0-4076-8488-46e8f3973667.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_42", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of hepatic lobules and sinusoids in the liver.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_72f17612-d66a-4b2b-b206-ac83d4af92f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_43", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Retinoblastoma shows varying degrees of retinal differentiation, including neuroblastoma and photoreceptor differentiation.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_44", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormally thick vessels with layered appearance and eosinophilic amorphous material, indicating hyalinization of the vessels.", "image_path": "cwCrin2iRVg_image_35f851be-c950-458a-a48d-76c61e635f34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_45", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceous tumors can be malignant due to pleomorphism and atypical mitoses. Infiltrative growth can also indicate malignancy.", "image_path": "xnPJBY__jCM_image_b4f89f5d-949a-45c9-aecb-e2679f6de872.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_46", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with long-standing esophageal varices may have a duplicated muscularis mucosa, which can complicate staging.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_47", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A nodule seen during endoscopy that is predominantly neuroendocrine is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor, even if it is small in size.", "image_path": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_d2bbd299-79f4-4f91-8ccd-cf10c7819e9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_48", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory response present with eosinophils and lymphocytes.", "image_path": "KO291SXq44U_image_598b0bc5-08c4-4407-ae29-e49a5e466ea3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_49", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It can also be a presenting sign of leukemia, resulting in atypical neutrophilic dermatoses.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_2aecc544-6d42-4bbf-af8b-1e8cede7b553.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_50", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mixed infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, histocytes, and numerous eosinophils.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_7ebfa331-9892-42d8-be16-9ff32efacd81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_51", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopic finding shows dysplastic epithelial cells with predominantly neutrophils and scattered eosinophils, indicating a neutrophilic dermatosis.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_aea85173-c019-4d1f-a709-f1854b656669.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_52", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a sparse infiltrate in the affected area, predominantly lymphoid with some EOs.", "image_path": "EpnODoPHNiI_image_6a9ec481-1fb4-4b3e-b474-1d2e0416a98d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_53", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of the red pulp, loose reticular networks of capillaries, sinuses, and cords in the spleen.", "image_path": "FiEkvrFx9YM_image_0012ad15-00a6-4846-bbd8-258725508640.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "val_54", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LEF1 is a marker sometimes used in basal cell neoplasms, but it also stains nuclei of other neoplasms and is not considered very specific.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_78c6706b-7abd-42e4-8cee-a12e80c3cee8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_55", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neurofibromas contain schwann cells and fibroblasts, and may occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.", "image_path": "Y0ts1f1y3h8_image_eddcff0a-6882-463a-84e8-d2dbb8a807ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_56", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Precursor lesions with a cystadenoma-like appearance may produce mucin and stain with neuroendocrine markers.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_a7993b51-3f88-4f53-a8ca-d70f2fbeae8e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_57", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of yeast with a capsule and halo, consistent with cryptococcosis.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_58", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basaloid follicular hamartoma can present in different forms, including solitary lesions, familial syndromic forms, and acquired forms.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e1b51985-c823-47b3-b70c-f1984deec662.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_59", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Late stage sarcoidosis is mainly fibrosis with very few granulomas.", "image_path": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_60", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The breast tissue shows hyperplasia, which is a normal finding in pregnancy.", "image_path": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_61", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Virchow-Robin spaces and glial cells, with some larger cells that may be neurons.", "image_path": "mZyNihzHysk_image_4206be72-df0f-47ad-9cea-ad2741dacd95.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_62", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumors being discussed have polygonal cells with visible cytoplasm, duct formation, and characteristic osteoid-like peromastroma. They do not palisade at the periphery.", "image_path": "kQg26gqLxwU_image_548c99e7-e809-4e12-9a74-0fcbd1ebb535.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_63", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of trichilemmoma as having an inverted growth pattern and pale cells.", "image_path": "phzzoLLbxts_image_14618553-df15-4a38-8f69-d0ce788ff43c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_64", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is also known as tenosynovial giant cell tumor diffuse type.", "image_path": "2EWotfF4Ju8_image_fbee61fc-1dcf-4889-af99-5e7a3f736ad6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Bone', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_65", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is concern for a poorly differentiated spindle cell malignancy, especially in cases of sarcoma or carcinoma that have been radiated.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_7a49322e-f966-4e00-9d9b-93df42b00e9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "val_66", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcifications are often found in dilated ducts.", "image_path": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_67", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "All examined follicles in the segment are undergoing atresia.", "image_path": "ujilbsMBHts_image_e1e5c224-8da5-4510-9819-6c18afa95510.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "val_68", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Strong nuclear signal or reactivity with beta-catenin is indicative of these tumors.", "image_path": "TuqEpNQft0s_image_d2f49968-b969-4bc5-9b1c-cb57c32d439b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_69", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bone marrow preparation showing two erythroblasts with basophilic features.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_5e89ab4d-a3d7-4954-83da-8170bcf1d759.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_70", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endosteum is a delicate, thin connective tissue lining the interior surface of the marrow cavity.", "image_path": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_71", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The atypia is not full thickness and does not extend to the corneal layer.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_40820528-3279-462a-9bc0-0a14f23a7e28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_72", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinomas and small cell neuroendocrine tumors from other sites in the body can also stain positive for TTF1, although most Merkel cells are negative.", "image_path": "zq51HMJNoZ4_image_f90ec6d6-1d08-4f41-8fe3-52567c59a57e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_73", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous Verocay bodies are present, indicating an Antoni B area that is loosely arranged cellular and myxoid in nature.", "image_path": "nZV009XOvn8_image_f574e75e-073c-4df1-b23f-94d28394c1e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_74", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the classification and management of IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm) based on radiology and epithelial characteristics.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_8744a2e8-827e-420c-9b91-e092a033112f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_75", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular fasciitis is a nodular proliferation that is deeper situated into the tissue and associated with the fascia and deep fibroceptia.", "image_path": "cPLlhrE-gOI_image_a07cb687-4514-40b1-9800-d8080b177242.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_76", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The U.N. stain is negative in the vessels but positive in the nuclei of the tumor.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_fc5cc0da-aa15-4069-83ba-9cc4a7e72aef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_77", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Capsule compressing adjacent tissue does not necessarily indicate adenoma.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_4197323d-5666-4758-a352-cb1201cd593c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_78", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A few Paneth cells may be found sporadically in the cecum or the appendix.", "image_path": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_7e915a02-04e4-4cec-95ab-e0dcb80dc2e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_79", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cardiac muscle tissue has centrally located nuclei that are singular, with one nucleus per cell.", "image_path": "t311tjyl-TY_image_e8359d72-f88f-4448-807f-386f3d3e06d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Cardiac', 'Smooth tissue']", "id": "val_80", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The structure being described has a mucosa and a muscularis, but typically does not have a submucosa.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_4064671d-19ae-495a-9e62-291f98c66681.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_81", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells seen in the image are CD8 and CD56 positive T cells.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_4ec9ae4e-85e4-4458-8b54-69e557bf30be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_82", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Liver biopsy is helpful in diagnosing PBC.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_83", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parts of the nose are lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium moving to keratinized as we move on the outer part.", "image_path": "bkSZUHsG1No_image_db7a86c5-7e8b-479c-9bd3-4d969be04695.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_84", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichilemmomas can also have a warty appearance and may be considered variants of warts.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3baa13a4-01e6-453a-a96f-968f2ac9b42a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_85", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor is hypercellular and atypical with signs of malignancy.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_8d47bc9b-c290-4bf6-924d-294dd9fc4842.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_86", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Demineralized bone specimen shows organic contents of the aversion canal, endosteum, and periosteum.", "image_path": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_87", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mitosis and extracellular matrix production.", "image_path": "dCpCFIQ9kXQ_image_c80bf1a3-2db3-4f33-9046-ab707b075527.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_88", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Erdheim-Chester disease can cause foamy histiocytes in the bone and often presents with bilateral lesions in the same bone on both sides of the body.", "image_path": "C_Hjpv3EjnE_image_50d2cc96-431a-4332-be95-bf2e557189b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_89", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histiocytic infiltrate in the skin, also known as granulomatous dermatitis.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_58fdec37-3457-4528-96eb-ef57a768602a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_90", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basolateral membranous infoldings in striated ducts increase surface area of cell membrane at basal surface, interspersed with mitochondria.", "image_path": "HBTO0ndEChk_image_92d57657-6a41-4a83-b007-c880af599725.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_91", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The portion of the anterior pituitary gland in contact with the posterior pituitary is called the pars intermediate.", "image_path": "bgr6gYjA1f8_image_e746098c-1376-45f0-a84c-775a6439e640.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_92", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microscopic examination of cells reveals mostly lymphocytes with a few eosinophils.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_93", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of viability of epidermis and superficial part of dermis with inflammation and fibrin indicating vessel damage can be a case of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.", "image_path": "yc_3cAxt7NA_image_aee6210e-fb98-4d4c-8d18-bde270e6618d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_94", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of esophageal mucosa and gastric fundic epithelium with glands in the lamina propria. Presence of pancreatic heterotopia and potential for pancreatic lesions in the esophagus.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_57f72a86-4fd5-4f1d-b95e-f065bb49e26e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_95", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lack of hair follicles and large vessels distinguish chronic radiation dermatitis from other conditions like Morphia or LSA.", "image_path": "nCE0LEKHG6I_image_2cc23df2-7230-49eb-a5ae-43f2c26cc56e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_96", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No line interface dermatitis, acantholysis, or pityriasiform spongiosis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_97", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus with preservation of neurons in between, possibly the cuneate nucleus.", "image_path": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_98", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Uniform melanocytes with small nuclei.", "image_path": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_99", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have eosinophilic nuclei that are suspicious for viral cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_b1ff0792-d43d-4472-bcb5-b31f50d1f8c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_100", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Effacement and thinning/atrophy of the epidermis.", "image_path": "33bhpTnGe4c_image_06d3863b-544c-436a-8ba4-8470f63782a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_101", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Common finding of sloughing of nuclei of prostate glands into the lumen of the gland in transurethral resection of the prostate specimens, which can be due to cautery artifact or autolysis.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_102", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The likely diagnosis is a pilocytic astrocytoma.", "image_path": "ZTsQFPhW26Y_image_9ec79bad-0ce6-4f42-af3f-37bbd75d3f04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_103", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma can have smooth muscle cell, skeletal muscle, or fibroblastic differentiation.", "image_path": "E363QYZEaOk_image_926c12f7-abdd-47f0-9bcd-baee028efdf1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pediatric', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_104", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is muscle in the adventitial tissue layer.", "image_path": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_fde0eb66-8d0b-4a97-9e6b-80942d04beff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "val_105", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Argyria can result in generalized staining of elastic fibers.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_59b16065-bfc7-4f9d-82eb-c08bb09b5903.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_106", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glandular disarray and basal plasmacytosis are also observed.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_0ce58a9d-d26e-4fe8-9ff5-30f19cca3b44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_107", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Edematous papillary dermis is a characteristic feature of Sweet's syndrome", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_8332252a-f2d8-4771-b21b-073a647483e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_108", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigment in pigmented neurofibromas is melanin and these cells potentially stay with melanocytic markers.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_50a5e54e-8bfa-48b6-bc4b-aee4aa77f76f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_109", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ARDS causes diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs.", "image_path": "vPtH42Lnt_Y_image_7f30797d-5d32-43f7-91a5-441c94bd61f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_110", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bone production is seen, leading to a differential diagnosis of osteoblastoma or osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_111", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulovacuolar degeneration is an important finding in Alzheimer’s disease.", "image_path": "jsHf6_a-v6M_image_00c3c62a-577a-4f78-a433-d2691dd7dae4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_112", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intra-alveolar exudate diagnosed as pneumocystis pneumonia, which is now the most common type of pneumonia in AIDS patients.", "image_path": "zSdK_yWe_S4_image_2bb8e82e-40b8-491f-b62e-6910dfd9b179.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_113", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are dead and impregnated with keratin.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_9a6bca9b-1746-4785-8578-243d8f024ad9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_114", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mounds of para and scale crust, superficial paravascular infiltrate, and spongiosis.", "image_path": "rqYJdG0pONA_image_538f6275-5910-4a46-9840-84896a129971.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_115", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant osteoid with no intervening stroma between osteoblasts is indicative of osteosarcoma and not osteoblastoma.", "image_path": "v_SFRMD-7uk_image_5bce38b1-7a99-4cb6-b649-098653b4b960.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_116", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Co-expression of keratin and CD34 may indicate SMARCA4 tumors.", "image_path": "EKpPF02Ci6o_image_1e8ae1b6-d0b0-4e58-ae64-d31070741e58.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_117", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of crescent, which is not specific to any disease and can be seen in various conditions.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_70f76ff6-acfa-4021-83f3-8d0c31c177f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_118", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia projecting into the lumen.", "image_path": "1WOcWthZjrE_image_fb01bc56-582f-4f97-be27-c8640aeb36b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_119", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Biopsies are done to assess for rejection in transplant patients.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_41203ec2-0ddb-459a-862a-1721a3a749c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_120", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytoplasm is relatively foamy or fluffy rather than solid amphiphilic cytoplasm associated with prostate carcinoma.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_d7cd0a32-2695-4803-95d9-68c343c448e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_121", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of skin layers including epidermis with keratinization, dermis with collagen and adnexal structures, and subcutis with adipose tissue.", "image_path": "RY7LO3XW6hI_image_f1b291ee-6644-4625-b5a8-52fe34ff1d7c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_122", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic appearance of wispy, cloud-like material between individual crystals is suggestive of gout", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_adc6d72e-9902-466a-a39f-549b504c5156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_123", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a punch biopsy showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) in the dermis around vessels.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_25e3b830-a398-4f78-bbc1-5440c39a1840.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_124", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of IgG4 plasma cells suggests IgG4-related disease.", "image_path": "svyVN7ceVHU_image_3d6795bf-93f8-4142-afb4-fb23c53137a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_125", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The modiolus and spiral ganglion can be seen in the image.", "image_path": "ZvaF_DR_GFk_image_8ce72bda-29e0-4d09-a27c-069b3ccf2aa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_126", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Keratinocytes vary in size and shape, aiding in differentiation from other entities on the differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_e5f53ea2-9cb9-4f46-9de7-5c9bbd6d3972.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_127", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are lobules present that open up directly onto the skin surface.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_128", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of spherules with thick refractile walls and bubbly blue-purple cytoplasm, some of which have endospores forming.", "image_path": "QUoqUS0TazY_image_7593afe7-b853-4a31-a634-e4ad18febc3a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_129", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Demineralized bone specimen shows organic contents of the aversion canal, endosteum, and periosteum.", "image_path": "cdzKDvurj5Q_image_669a1408-6e37-4e88-a761-1f6e170362cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_130", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma arising from pleomorphic adenoma is classified based on the extent of invasion, with non-invasive and minimally invasive tumors having better outcomes than invasive or widely invasive tumors.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_97e1a0dd-ebdc-4499-b01a-558f3371104d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_131", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a viral type pneumonia causing damage to the pneumocytes and poor gas exchange.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_132", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of two pathologies in the dermis, including the grains layer appearing spared and the presence of a collection of inflammatory cells like granuloma.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_fe6cfdb2-7926-4567-8e19-cfaf50261376.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_133", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Potential for metastasis in papillary tumors regardless of cytologic atypia.", "image_path": "YkO40KHFYTg_image_00db0492-f18e-44a7-9024-d3630bbfcf6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_134", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory condition with scarring and permanent hair loss.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_8d7313a8-7aa5-48a0-8046-9f914332b87c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_135", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammation of the esophagus can result in increased intraepithelial eosinophils.", "image_path": "L_v9lgMKQh8_image_818d3133-4795-49e4-ab29-8941732ce463.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_136", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Absence of sequestration of degenerating erythrocytes in tufted angiomas.", "image_path": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_9a50a9b4-b1a5-4343-9f67-a895a5da8749.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_137", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mitral valve is composed of valve interstitial cells and extracellular matrix, which play a role in cardiac pathology such as calcific aortic valve stenosis.", "image_path": "WMLduFKK2f4_image_4d16794d-32d0-4988-b47c-ae6c858ffc72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Endocrine', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_138", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of granulation tissue and a well-circumscribed lesion within a blood vessel may suggest a diagnosis of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masan tumor.", "image_path": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_8c6adfc0-b52b-447d-9722-0483c261c52d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_139", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multiple sections of the same arteriole indicate it is spiraling towards the surface.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_866a0714-fca0-4627-8d3a-38bf5dcfd1b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_140", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of yeast with a capsule and halo, consistent with cryptococcosis.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_141", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Special stains such as PAS, GMS, and Fontana stain would be positive for the yeast, while alcian blue and mucicarmine would be positive for the capsule.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_152809b1-bdeb-4490-a16f-7504aa2a7b9e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_142", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is grade 2 with a mitotic activity score of 2.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_68831cac-e069-4444-91ec-d8efef50fd16.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_143", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucoceles should be evaluated to rule out mucoepidermoid carcinoma.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_bf59c8d1-dfe8-4844-adaf-89730dae54fa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_144", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are whirls present that may be caused by meningothelial cells.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d8818de2-e376-454b-8558-f16b537370d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_145", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Describes the histological appearance of the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear, including the perilymphatic space and the connective tissue that holds the membranous labyrinth in place. Mentions that the sensory apparatus is formed in certain regions, such as the ampullae of the semicircular canals and the maculae of the utricle and saccule.", "image_path": "3WTyr8VyY2g_image_72fc058d-1ad5-4942-ae9a-a00cc9985ac0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_146", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The medulla is differentiated from the cortex by the presence of wide sinusoids.", "image_path": "MZLfvk7XnW8_image_78c1756a-820a-4ab5-ac37-f321d6f09d07.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_147", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mention of a subepidermal vesicle with neutrophil-rich content, which may be related to a skin condition such as epidermolysis bullosa or bullous pemphigoid.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_caee687e-9c7f-4597-a231-8c9179cdefc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_148", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells in zone 3 are furthest from the distributing vessels.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_eb57b79d-80e3-4121-b2c4-5261c6c6f4dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_149", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis may include sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_150", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Classic example of clear cell acanthoma with a well-demarcated border from normal epidermis.", "image_path": "lNyfrLgRen4_image_dc89033f-4a60-4f72-a1da-cf31d5ba66f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_151", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of endocervical adenocarcinoma and difficulty in defining invasion.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_f0c37b47-3e39-4c08-8acf-a197b8581e68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_152", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Three types of parenchymas: serous acini, mucous tubules, and mixed acini.", "image_path": "dMiQMRnddfY_image_13163e5f-623c-4540-a74b-1d4e282d879e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_153", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has a thickened basement membrane giving a bright eosinophilic appearance around glandular elements.", "image_path": "weGIKE5ZH6I_image_55a1cf42-db60-4143-b81e-d94ba32b7a23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_154", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pleomorphic cells with a fibromyxoid stroma may require special stains for diagnosis.", "image_path": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_fca92f68-1d55-4b01-b05d-f49b4aaeeeb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_155", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands in the secretory phase are predominantly curved, unlike the straight tubular glands in the proliferative phase.", "image_path": "989Jd28S2l8_image_105f6637-5ee5-4b1b-b672-4d2e20589df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_156", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No submucosal infiltration is present in the described lesion, which is important to avoid ongoing therapy. Lesions on the surface part of the mucosa are classified as M1 mucosa carcinoma, while infiltration of the upper muscle layer is classified as M2, and infiltration of the lower muscle layer is classified as M4.", "image_path": "bBl1aM-u1Lw_image_c023f5c9-4c7b-4829-9ad8-95c2d55ac239.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_157", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sweet's syndrome is rich in neutrophils and may or may not have vasculitis", "image_path": "9bKecuBuWD8_image_8332252a-f2d8-4771-b21b-073a647483e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_158", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No abnormalities in the epidermis.", "image_path": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_159", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lichen sclerosis is a lichenoid interface process where lymphocytes attack the basal layer and leave a wasteland of sclerotic collagen that looks like amyloid.", "image_path": "DbElLKSrPtk_image_57e59320-e139-4063-89dc-8d326c1ebf99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_160", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lymphoid tissue consists primarily of plasma cells and small lymphocytes.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_161", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the media layer of smooth muscle cells in a venous wall.", "image_path": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_9675f5d5-627e-44d0-a9d3-4f243fe6624a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_162", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are epithelial aggregates composed of uniform keratinocytes extending from the undersurface of the epidermis into the dermis.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_163", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The space of DIS is a small space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytes that allows for microvilli formation and interaction with blood vessels.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_70361d59-3a47-4565-8207-471313a04ee4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_164", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Smooth muscle in the media wall maintains arterial pressure by contraction and pressure exertion on the lumen.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_0568e502-75b2-40c3-8b36-e99a044880b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_165", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dermal cells have a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio and are strikingly epithelial in appearance.", "image_path": "yKy4I7vNtVo_image_d5c4caa6-e06b-4ddf-b49a-388acef02f72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_166", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of changes consistent with fundic gland polyp or fundic gland change with surface low-grade dysplasia.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_ec362b93-01fa-4f8e-97e0-6f18575eac23.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_167", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Florid duct lesion is characterized by increased nuclei and obliteration of bile ducts.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_168", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is uncertain and requires immunohistochemistry to differentiate between mixed well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma, pure myxoid liposarcoma with an atypical component, or a well-differentiated liposarcoma with myxoid change.", "image_path": "7yVAVnyh9A0_image_82099d1f-10da-4290-b1dc-497edf5c350f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_169", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma of the tumor is fibrous and may be desmoplastic in some areas.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_1a05e8a4-3a56-41b7-adce-e91be6419bc6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_170", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine cells are positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56 on immunohistochemistry, indicating their neuroendocrine origin and presence of neurosecretory granules.", "image_path": "I4VRh91eMCA_image_cbcfddc4-efbe-48cb-beb5-5b2850aef3cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_171", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent nucleoli and atypical degeneration may be seen in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "EvJHki_a0pI_image_02f97d6f-ee1b-4116-a73a-53effb3b2171.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_172", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a granular cell tumor in the cecum.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_2df9c66a-bd7c-4f0e-b017-603c73a86b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_173", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The collagen fibers in the area appear smudgy and degenerating, with neutrophilic nuclear debris within zones of degenerated collagen.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_174", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is located in the dermis and is exophytic and invasive, causing destruction.", "image_path": "6KAsedOyORw_image_4bdf349f-61eb-4d4d-9ec8-8aa6b950d25d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_175", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Elastic stain is required to identify elastic cartilage.", "image_path": "1rgtmJNLwn0_image_2a5e15e5-e045-49ce-91d6-8b4f6d3348ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_176", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DFSP can be differentiated from DF on H and E staining, but immunohistochemistry may be necessary in some cases.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_152e63ff-65bd-4cc7-b3da-5092a58ac1c4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_177", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Non-keratinizing squamous tumor is a possibility, but squamous tumors in the ovary are rare and usually associated with teratomas.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_1636e728-d1e4-4e88-ae5e-1ccef53510d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_178", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and large cells with abundant cytoplasm.", "image_path": "XKRn2NKfbZM_image_cd0f4bb3-2d82-4e38-a253-1949c14a8a30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_179", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytokeratin is positive in the area being examined.", "image_path": "Y9ifskLvSgE_image_37a55537-9d17-4a55-acdf-e45d2c0c2ba9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_180", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD3 stains show a relatively scanty population of T follicular helper cells within the follicles.", "image_path": "1cFUltbcX_8_image_27d9869d-5455-4790-87b0-dbbc946bbe67.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_181", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic histology of the thyroid with an epithelial cell layer and colloid.", "image_path": "RUukCc_GczA_image_c59bd64d-a272-4281-8a10-ce5e5a121fc0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_182", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is surrounded by benign breast tissue and may resemble a radial scar.", "image_path": "MhEhXWhB7ro_image_5e514388-98c2-4a73-b0aa-6299f1d0c329.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_183", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being observed is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with multiple layers of cells and a thick layer of keratin at the apical surface.", "image_path": "RVAfKju-q9w_image_3bae02d2-6afd-4e5c-9211-852df44ecdd5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_184", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferating cells in normal lymphoid follicles.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_f3237fb2-a830-4fbd-8914-801e106dfb56.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_185", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion in the picture is diagnosed as lentigo maligna.", "image_path": "JUgjnwoUyQ8_image_512eb04b-ab52-4d57-9ac3-376b767b0cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_186", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator observes hypercellular areas that resemble Verocay bodies.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_864fc606-764f-44d3-ab58-612a2ce9b328.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_187", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zygomycetes are spore formers and have irregular, lumpy-bumpy, thick-walled, refractile, red, and hollow hyphae.", "image_path": "HX6i7j2CMKc_image_7ae93d64-aead-4d27-b540-64cc2c20add1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_188", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schiller-Dublin bodies are indicative of endodermal sinus pattern.", "image_path": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_189", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample shows marbling with myxoid area.", "image_path": "-hOrqa52z1k_image_f51abe4f-76b3-4b2e-9f49-89671e647afb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_190", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of sarcoid granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the skin, which simulates sarcoidal granuloma and can have lymphocytes in addition to histiocytes.", "image_path": "iPos7QCIFHQ_image_c7e6236f-147b-4749-81ce-8772d9fac1eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_191", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic granular bodies, and abnormal ganglion cells are present.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_192", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Articular cartilage does not have a perichondrium and relies on the synovial membrane for nutrition.", "image_path": "M_q4smnwyY0_image_2be74d7e-6185-46e9-8d53-279584b9f3f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_193", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mass extends from the area of lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulb within one hemisphere.", "image_path": "Yflf0R3yLUQ_image_573015e5-2c56-44e6-985c-a73fd0cbf9dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "val_194", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pure enlargement and nuclear pseudo-inclusions are observed.", "image_path": "7oj3Vzwn9dM_image_73ab8877-a409-4431-8953-a6cdcbb31a28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_195", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P63 and P40 are markers that are strongly expressed in skin appendage tumors, both benign and malignant, but usually negative in adenocarcinomas from visceral organs.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_3ab5b5d2-4f86-42fd-aed5-16bf8b9ce9fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_196", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of numerous granulomas with little inflammation and scattered lymphocytes.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_232a0b8b-e0e3-46f6-882b-53806d0074cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_197", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Classic IPF cases transplanted for IPF and with UIP often have NSIP in other lobes.", "image_path": "53NsrwkjgFE_image_7c54cd63-200b-4434-a74e-1e20d3935986.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_198", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular inflammation is present.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "val_199", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of an epithelioid area and spindle areas with atypical cells and a mitotic figure suggests malignancy.", "image_path": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_fca92f68-1d55-4b01-b05d-f49b4aaeeeb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_200", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of xanthelasma should be considered as a differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_c9292d94-0ddc-4515-9e07-fdeeb1f2369f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_201", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "P53 is positive in nuclei in diffuse midline gliomas.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32b5b5df-07c8-4533-88d0-7bcef1e2b79f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_202", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hidradenitis suppurativa is a possible diagnosis.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_47dfc5be-a8f3-46cd-84db-03f71f231df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_203", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has features of mucinous and squamous cells and is divided into low, intermediate, and high grade based on microscopic picture.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_80ed2e02-02e1-4111-8132-a7e4e48d1f33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_204", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of lung tissue viewed at high magnification.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_3d528faa-7dba-483b-a513-eac5750fafcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_205", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 can be used to identify S100-positive macrophages and highlight the presence of emperipolesis in Rossi-Dorfman disease, also known as massive sinus histiocytosis.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_d15a80ed-9e07-4263-a4a4-5510211aaca6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_206", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The serosa is a loose connective tissue layer lined with one layer of squamous mesotelial cells.", "image_path": "hLjFYN-ubNI_image_1ddca56a-2f9d-401d-9ba8-74f5780335b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_207", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Summary of diabetic nephropathy, including mechanisms involved in microangiopathy and various lesions such as glomerular, vascular, and tubular/interstitial lesions.", "image_path": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_713acef2-55b3-45e3-8701-24703cde912b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_208", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atretic follicles may still have an antrum depending on the stage of atresia.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_209", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal cardiomyocytes have central nuclei, similar size and shape, and are organized in a syncytial arrangement.", "image_path": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_210", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Different skin tumors have different genetics and morphology based on their location in the body (skin, breast, or salivary glands).", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_263a451c-3d25-4041-905e-6465c614650c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_211", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mast cell stains such as toluidine blue, Paul-Bunnell, and Giemsa can be used to identify mast cells.", "image_path": "p_CyG6TFya0_image_d5f9fc9a-8a8a-47fa-8998-a9cf8c6029e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_212", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis.", "image_path": "Tt7ozUY_9OI_image_d6710237-0e5f-48b8-bd42-61cef046f5a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_213", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "INFAntX2.2 test for surrogate marker of P-wing sarcoma was negative.", "image_path": "VOqk__izado_image_c5a88534-21cf-45ab-a50a-a4bf1f059aab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_214", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of papillae and papillary-like structures forming holes in the nail plate, which may indicate a condition called onychomatricoma.", "image_path": "aXym3ctqvN8_image_ed5baaf6-f315-4938-9e8c-9daa1371888a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_215", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of lipid-filled cells containing mycobacteria leprae is characteristic of lepromatous leprosy.", "image_path": "p1jqAyUu1FM_image_2024f5d3-914f-4fcb-b4b3-585f091432e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_216", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a fully developed mammary gland with intralobular connective tissue composed of loose connective tissue.", "image_path": "rwX2ZmW-NIs_image_3e02948f-39e1-47c6-a2f7-8525b8e2ce25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_217", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The most common salivary gland tumor is pleomorphic adenoma, which can have a malignant component called carcinoma x pleomorphic adenoma.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_2926eb1d-f84f-4f72-91b7-728f73ef9a33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_218", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hodgkin lymphoma is rare in the salivary gland and is usually found in the intraparotid lymph nodes.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_219", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Encephalomalacia is caused by aggressive enzymes from activated microglial cells that liquefy and destroy brain tissue.", "image_path": "YbaoUQNbqiU_image_6050350a-4712-4f9e-9f74-83c9a6f0f596.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_220", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The correct diagnosis in this case is a poroma with eccrine differentiation towards the aqueous regime or intraepidermal portion of the eccrine duct that is confined to the epidermis.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_221", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of individual chondrocyte clusters in CNH that intermingle with the fibrous layer, possibly the perichondrium.", "image_path": "fb1VKk3XS-k_image_f43e95cd-08f6-46be-a8fc-8121bb6154e8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_222", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The histological structure of ovarian follicles is being discussed.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_1425f900-eb6d-4b5f-8921-b37a27048233.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_223", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is cystic dilation of the duct, possibly due to fibrocystic changes of the breast.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_ab6cf1ff-9c22-4aa6-9eb7-10344b836448.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_224", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The trachea is reinforced by rings of hyaline cartilage that are C-shaped and provide rigidity to prevent collapse during inhalation. The absence of cartilage on the posterior region allows for stretching of the esophagus during swallowing.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_dce5c845-6959-45b2-8e37-49ccf67d2d2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_225", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cells with prominent eosinophilic nucleolus are diagnostic hallmark cells of nodular sclerosis subtype of classic Hodgkin lymphoma.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_226", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.", "image_path": "L7yyDrJmivM_image_b6ba0634-75c8-4c49-b9f0-2cafb21adf71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_227", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mucosa of seminal vesicles are highly folded and can be mistaken for uterine tube histologically.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_d0cad8a7-10dd-47be-aeac-8bd95c0e6635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_228", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, which is a transformation from prior pleomorphic adenoma. Carcinoma can be seen inside the tumor or associated with infiltration to adjacent structures.", "image_path": "RijxWY1pOOM_image_0fd7210a-b901-4f64-8e8c-ae95c875e97b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_229", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "28-year-old female with an incidentally discovered humeral bone lesion.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_4a351d53-2aef-45da-b99c-4ac24ecf453e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_230", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Actinic keratosis and jumbled atypia with parakeratosis are also present in the image.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_a3783404-23a3-420d-9013-b9dc46be4f30.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_231", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The origin of transitional type epithelium in the ovary is not clear, but it is believed to be a developmental remnant.", "image_path": "RYwizWCJz4Y_image_9afe5ab6-adbb-4545-b874-dd3685a71890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_232", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a pedunculated polyp with a stalk and a dysplastic polyp with darker epithelium full of goblet cells indicating dysplasia.", "image_path": "6Q9lXshZGa8_image_c1642b8d-3949-48cf-8d31-45271d259b14.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_233", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granuloma with giant cells and lymphocytes is present.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_79eb2714-9369-4729-abc0-717f6968c752.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_234", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of pockets like this usually indicates myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_235", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Main differential diagnosis is between chondrodermatitis and pseudocyst of the auricle.", "image_path": "qQONmhOPMoM_image_1c2238c9-166e-41d1-9d36-00eb5bb82511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_236", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glomus cells are modified pericytes that have actin filaments in them and can contract to regulate blood flow.", "image_path": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_5f8cddac-cc1e-431c-9435-1afab859451c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_237", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid spread of cells or cells with abundant pale cytoplasm in a melanocytic lesion raises concern for melanoma.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_be5352c7-3f24-4144-aa7f-e6a352938ac0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_238", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive translocation confirmed the diagnosis.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_239", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of an area with abundant rich blood vessels that appears to be infiltrating or invading the kidney.", "image_path": "NBLxhZk_jTA_image_7e80b258-1f0e-41a0-b912-f766b5555a69.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_240", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hodgkin lymphoma is rare in the salivary gland and is usually found in the intraparotid lymph nodes.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_241", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comparison of nodular hidradenoma with pyoderma based on glycogen accumulation and clear cell change", "image_path": "wQdrnwKPALs_image_5c09b6ce-881a-45de-9558-f7e2eef7d13a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_242", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time.", "image_path": "DuUxmT2OiFY_image_d3489dcc-329e-41ae-a1a4-2e3c9acfbc2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_243", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) usually has a prominent story form pattern.", "image_path": "3qmVDVi9CPM_image_c8f020d9-a3df-4bac-83bf-e18ee370338e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_244", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of large cells suggests that it is not a mild lymphoma.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_d573cac2-afc5-4128-b46d-befa77aba318.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_245", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Maturation of umbrella cells at the top of the urothelium.", "image_path": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_246", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue is prolapse and not invasive carcinoma.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_55b17562-3ba4-4e4b-8afe-2c734ea4093c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_247", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Different types of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids can be seen.", "image_path": "ZF43iBtWF88_image_e5f5c7b8-c05a-455b-a39e-b403745a3f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_248", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "At higher magnification, there are individual clefts between thick collagen bundles.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_9d4ebc8a-c1de-4b2b-98a0-c7744d03bcc9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_249", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma, which is made of epithelioid histiocytes or histiocytic cells with a collagenous background and is characterized by a dome-shaped papule with a collar around it and dilated vessels.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_138adf1e-8a27-4f11-9895-88d1489269f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_250", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "TLE-1 can be used cautiously in diagnosis, but should not be relied upon solely.", "image_path": "ERUTFHJ1zZM_image_5c54a699-4203-4936-9c89-e9c0bc1d0e45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_251", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Columnar cell change is an alteration of the epithelium where cells become more columnar shaped and have apical snouts.", "image_path": "CI4BJbqMIQw_image_173ff752-da96-47ef-b7c2-77b2f8a03acd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_252", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The peripheral side of the dermis looks better than the area with abundant interface change.", "image_path": "UwYQy3UrL8M_image_38133b6e-3777-4566-8173-9b471d775d87.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_253", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ciliated metaplasia or tubal metaplasia can be difficult to distinguish from endocervical adenocarcinoma if it is florid or has atypia.", "image_path": "U1evJJAdGwk_image_9de7ad14-72ab-4093-972c-56375079f87e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_254", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Direct immunofluorescence shows fluorescence between keratinocytes.", "image_path": "cg95EPobZSM_image_791cebd4-695b-4a3e-836b-fa4b1df70884.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_255", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The features suggest osteochondroma or potentially an endochondroma with invasive features.", "image_path": "SeIW2vTPhEE_image_eee797ed-32b3-4aee-9225-1812b2deba93.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_256", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LSNA can involve both the papillary and reticular dermis, which is referred to as morphia with features of LSNA.", "image_path": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_b15a0cd8-0ec2-402c-8fdf-5f133ccc081a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_257", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Overlap disorder between lupus and scleroderma, with sclerotic collagen in discoid lupus.", "image_path": "PmnWqkcVf6w_image_6f484312-a68e-4ee1-b944-ab862d44d29e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_258", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Remnant strands of ameloblastic nests which have invaginated from the stratified squamous mucosa and are now more developed and differentiated to become fully developed line of ameloblasts.", "image_path": "LVC4_FIEeFs_image_e74aa7ee-6efc-45e2-82e5-98dfe992d561.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_259", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lesion is highly vascular and characterized by the presence of blood vessels filled with erythrocytes.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_2c7f2289-235c-4fce-b5d5-977cdb53c023.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_260", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Preparation stained to demonstrate glycogen within the hepatocytes.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_80964713-1a61-4815-9e00-7a7f1f624085.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_261", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands in adenosis have luminal folding and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_30fe77f2-bfd9-44f0-8de7-eae2598fa0b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_262", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The \"sandwich sign\" is present, with parakeratosis and neutrophils alternating with orthokeratosis.", "image_path": "LJbDWjVjaQc_image_c54ea1a4-5254-428c-89b6-1336a4485474.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_263", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Microvilli cannot be individually resolved using a light microscope, but can be seen together as a fuzzy border called the brush border.", "image_path": "7DGwEF3aQ_k_image_852a7255-190c-44dd-9f3e-9425192fa6a3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_264", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ducts can be identified by the presence of dried sweat secretion and their clear, punched-out appearance.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_5cecddcd-0f8d-4b34-a0da-46c69a66f60f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_265", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other markers such as cytokeratin, vimentin, and CD10 expression may be more useful in defining the tumor as of renal origin.", "image_path": "KrHMC7I0428_image_5415afc7-bf5b-4bdd-a47e-415a0ec35b2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_266", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tubular pattern is observed in this case, indicating grade one adenoid cystic carcinoma.", "image_path": "NW8zMX8R4WU_image_bb0618c6-11e8-402e-9c66-f8472f1ad893.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_267", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of picric acid and residual iron is causing a green coloration in the sample.", "image_path": "dYrh-Fe1VI0_image_6b350935-8963-41b0-8b9f-2fe2e37dfe97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_268", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the histology of buccal mucosa, including non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and the underlying lamina propria.", "image_path": "jB2T8Ezcc3k_image_5dbac654-5c6d-4721-b4eb-6ef37b2a247b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_269", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is likely of epithelial origin.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_270", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intramuscular lipomas are not uncommon in various regions including the tongue and frontalis muscle.", "image_path": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_271", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Olfactory neuroblastomas exhibit a lobular architectural arrangement with neoplastic tissue in multiple lobules below the intact surface.", "image_path": "lJrCilgKIq4_image_2fc40ed0-9cd3-4c6f-a073-bf6a5bca8df6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_272", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intestinal type epithelium with dysplasia, resembling PanIN-3.", "image_path": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_6d6bfc8a-a4a4-4b0c-99bd-201138c8dc45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatobiliary', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_273", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The oviduct has a muscular layer comprised of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.", "image_path": "APUkKB5FAR8_image_c043be87-43f3-48c1-86b5-e64b7d53e126.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_274", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Some cells stain with sex or stromal markers instead of germ cell markers.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_25c01021-ab84-4258-aab0-773c0a59fb44.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_275", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of necrosis and atypia in a tumor suggests malignancy.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_2926eb1d-f84f-4f72-91b7-728f73ef9a33.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_276", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Features of herpes include multi-nucleation, molding, and margination of the nucleus.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_a5c4dcf6-c407-4c9a-8fce-4a59df39be05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_277", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of Hodgkin cells and Reed-Sternberg cells, including their physical characteristics and appearance under microscopy.", "image_path": "qscBJkbQVEQ_image_aeec8f07-8356-4b3a-aa0d-61175428c652.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_278", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EDV is often an incidental finding and may not be clinically significant when found adjacent to other lesions like basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_4c018450-a0ef-497b-a99b-16acdace20fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_279", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Calcified elastic fibers seen in pseudoxanthoma and the elastica.", "image_path": "-kDPj1J3dfc_image_4c79df7b-484e-4439-ba01-568476ebd48b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Inflammatory skin disease', 'Lichenoid dermatoses']", "id": "val_280", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The dense pink structure seen here is the nail plate.", "image_path": "yQQ2Dmz42Vs_image_8afee99c-7207-4cb5-8bdc-a827af2e1978.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_281", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Interfollicular variant of Hodgkin lymphoma, where eosinophils are not specific but can also be seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other types of lymph node diseases.", "image_path": "qUBwvDKqQ8A_image_5a6f74cc-b7ce-422f-b84b-8a355ded38c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_282", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a steatotic-looking area with no bile ducts, indicating an adenoma with loss of fatty acid binding protein.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_283", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A fibrofolliculoma is identified by the absence of hair fibers, while a tricholemmalfolliculoma has hair fibers or tricholemmalhyalin.", "image_path": "I38AhlETuNY_image_7fe22b41-56ec-4934-8898-ffa0c98776e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_284", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is psoriasis, which can sometimes resemble a keratosis or verruca.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_503024d8-9907-4b0b-a211-fe80de57fb63.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_285", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial acral fibromyxoma or digital fibromyxoma may have some overlap with acquired digital fibrokeratoma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_fe8ec88a-5100-4418-8b54-3c47a06d1f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_286", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of even small areas like the one shown would lead to a diagnosis of high-grade or grade 3 myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_287", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Purple deposits in subcutaneous tissue may indicate calcium deposition.", "image_path": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_af51d0d9-194d-4f60-b8ac-264cf6b9663a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_288", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa only.", "image_path": "9AxhWoi0vcU_image_574e12cc-cc92-4222-a8f0-4b036d33de59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_289", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hibernomas are frequently located around the shoulder girdle, neck, and axilla.", "image_path": "pfoAXOKbdes_image_69fc197f-fd8c-48ed-b4af-9ae5cb558286.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_290", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinical scenario and history are important in determining if it is a primary melanoma or a metastasis.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_f9fd53cd-0079-4b5a-b9e7-d591166dd843.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_291", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Upper lobe predominant emphysema with fibrosis of pulmonary Langerhans Langerhans cell histiocytosis can be mistaken for UIP.", "image_path": "fnKmdmCey04_image_36bf08ea-760d-48d6-abf2-ee66c88c54fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_292", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has diffuse alveolar damage in the early stage with hyaline membranes, fibrinous exudates, and edema.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_293", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of eosinophils would exclude the diagnosis and suggest a drug reaction.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_6e89642b-25a0-49e8-92d5-efb800f2b916.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_294", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is evidence of neural invasion, but the nuclei are not highly pleomorphic and there is not much anaplasia, indicating a low grade lesion or tumor.", "image_path": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_75d66010-79ac-4c40-9c90-1bef19050646.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_295", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endometrium is negative for hyperplasia and malignancy.", "image_path": "989Jd28S2l8_image_7dc4e32e-08bf-4bd5-ae4c-4f29e5ede2b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_296", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is expansion of the lobule stroma and proliferation of ducts and acini.", "image_path": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_50a05ee7-c598-4896-91c1-d282973cd11b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_297", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of microinvasive foci and thresholds for invasive carcinoma.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_3a6bf9c3-02eb-4be1-9a38-c3cfe8006334.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_298", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator mentions an example of well-differentiated squamous tissue.", "image_path": "vBiX56pLkIE_image_ef8733f2-d2c4-44cd-9582-e386055d9676.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_299", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the periphery of some of these aggregates have a cuboidal to columnar appearance and are sitting on a thin basal lamina.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_77d24200-83e4-49b4-9316-4359b4a19a00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_300", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granular cell tumors have a slightly coarser and pinker appearance in histology.", "image_path": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_301", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Exaggerated insect bite reaction can occur in patients with CLL.", "image_path": "PE2NgUMFNGU_image_7ebfa331-9892-42d8-be16-9ff32efacd81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_302", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fatal pathogen that is more common in southern regions.", "image_path": "HX6i7j2CMKc_image_70204e32-52a7-4bd1-8084-347149b1166e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_303", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the canal of Schlemm, which is a blood vessel surrounded by layers of perfectly round cells with blue nuclei.", "image_path": "L6W3ue05t4c_image_3488205d-56b5-48db-93bf-846fd73308e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_304", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The major interlobular duct has a stratified columnar epithelium.", "image_path": "4RMNPD19Rhc_image_257ab085-5384-4ae6-9d0f-96318268dc85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_305", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator rules out Paget's disease of the nipple and carcinoma. A consult from a breast pathologist may be helpful in identifying benign cellular proliferations in the breast. The tissue contains ducts or tubules lined by columnar cells with an outer retained myoepithelial.", "image_path": "1nSIh3Q6EPU_image_a4a44627-2a0c-4c37-86d1-e4745cd28d35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_306", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It is important to judge certain features at low power when examining a tumor, including the presence of a junctional and dermal component.", "image_path": "zdRGPNgggjE_image_531b629c-d8c4-47f4-b3ae-01317d5b342f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_307", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Rosai-Dorfman disease is also known as sinus histiocytosis.", "image_path": "YeqVtwAZ_E8_image_cec5e58d-2d0a-43f4-9de7-1c64909a1bec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_308", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of gaps in the venous wall and supporting collagen adventitia.", "image_path": "Mv8detRQ7EI_image_9675f5d5-627e-44d0-a9d3-4f243fe6624a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_309", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of angiosarcoma is established through immunohistochemistry, particularly CD31.", "image_path": "xQLwAIg6r5E_image_c7290f33-cc4b-4b52-afd6-4412baaa2be3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_310", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Poroma is characterized by cuboidal cells with enveloping cytoplasm.", "image_path": "dizemqdPA8g_image_94389f16-cde6-481b-963f-9d68db204426.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_311", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Marked stromal hyalinization is observed in the tumor.", "image_path": "98Z5T4AWfUI_image_06359c81-da33-4f12-98a8-206a70e1add7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_312", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal proliferation of the outer layer of trophoblasts suggests neoplastic pathology.", "image_path": "O20PwEDXOuo_image_71cbbc23-f1ed-446c-b57d-e56246a2c776.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_313", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Homer Wright neuroblastoma lacks a lumen and has a central tangle of neurofilaments.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_314", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Protocol biopsies are done to monitor the health of the organ, not necessarily to check for rejection.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_41203ec2-0ddb-459a-862a-1721a3a749c1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_315", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells on the surface of the fundic stomach are surface mucous cells, which also produce glycogen-rich mucous.", "image_path": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Endocrine', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_316", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pleomorphic lipoblasts in a high-grade sarcoma may indicate pleomorphic liposarcoma.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_4a327255-cee8-4b40-9306-71f789d970b7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_317", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Remarkable pleomorphism is present in some areas.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_ebe99d97-54f2-44b5-bb33-707036f888f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_318", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have elongated shape and finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.", "image_path": "T_P5c4odRCE_image_7874c672-eeb1-419f-a207-287b34bcaf42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_319", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The section of skin shown is not entirely normal due to the presence of a basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "Nw0p4qIFMmU_image_0b9c95f1-7b60-4d75-8a40-916e7de96403.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_320", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pseudoglandular spaces is a feature of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_ddbb6429-01cd-4b0b-b83e-2bcd87484add.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_321", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no cancer present in the pancreas.", "image_path": "TeAgovBGY7M_image_8d645eaa-bb64-4381-82a3-91821c7ed695.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_322", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of a warty dyskeratoma with epidermal invagination, villi, acantholysis, and dyskeratosis.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_7516c688-bfa7-466d-bbb2-142694d248aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_323", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells are narrow, tall, and columnar relative to their width.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_aa45629b-7958-4fde-8d1a-5bb10bf53c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_324", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor cells have an epithelioid appearance.", "image_path": "CHU-464bph8_image_609263b9-f985-4311-8c3c-d63193dc880c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_325", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epidermis is completely dead, with no nuclei visible in the pink keratinocytes.", "image_path": "aL1CQQXIb0E_image_23c8f065-aa84-4710-a14a-dabd58e98c1d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_326", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal columnar epithelium is present in the appendix and colon.", "image_path": "KO291SXq44U_image_06289315-7726-4b7a-b1b4-c20d657ae07d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_327", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Virtual microscopy slide of a brain tumor with residual benign brain parenchyma and majority of tissue composed of bluish appearing cells.", "image_path": "-fUB3Tx2RKE_image_2f5c706e-ab03-495a-8e16-3e750e32ae2f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_328", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atrophic lobule with some very atrophic glands.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_329", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal stromal overgrowth is present in the epithelial-poor area.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_330", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible differential diagnoses include nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans", "image_path": "UdnN_bDd9eM_image_930703f4-8cec-4a0b-a31c-785afaa39329.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_331", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a malignant smooth muscle tumor in the uterus.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_6477aebb-3eea-4ea7-9710-61051f1d0be5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_332", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of different patterns and subtypes of angiosarcoma, including epithelioid and spindle cell types.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_1bc319fa-11a6-4210-a755-c5b183e62787.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_333", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glomerular capsule has two layers, the first being composed of squamous cells.", "image_path": "sZo2CR0qZ9Q_image_132df1e4-d703-4924-8c26-94b840127453.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_334", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Full duct involvement by intraductal proliferation with no residual normal duct epithelium.", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_d9dc638b-3da7-4146-9877-f14625b0f7fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_335", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a hyaline basement membrane present in the liver sample.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_649c39de-beb6-4f3a-b59c-392e5aa85cd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_336", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the image are basal and blue, resembling a potential sebaceoma, which is a benign sebaceous tumor.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_337", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a germline mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with MEN2A and MEN2B.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_8820d99a-1f02-4349-b273-720c45947612.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_338", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is little secreted milk material in the acini, indicating minimal lactation.", "image_path": "YC5jOhcQGes_image_ede69e4d-0be4-4a06-a522-0c07528609eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_339", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Complexity in papillae branching is a feature of papillary carcinoma.", "image_path": "lmK4SS2wUok_image_51622b83-6877-4266-837a-7aa7713b3d18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_340", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lack of dyskeratosis distinguishes mycosis fungoides from interface dermatitis with vacuolar changes of the interface reaction pattern.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_2fdca5cd-6d5f-4c21-9a46-c7e6d6286794.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_341", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is glandular tissue and a good amount of stroma with not much alteration between the two.", "image_path": "fvGQ7AQcdjI_image_7a0a91fe-0f6b-4974-9f59-87a520f4f07c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_342", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Combination of slightly plump, histiocytoid cells with a few cells having prominent nucleolus.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_5cce3300-83d0-426f-b4f3-5924af9f2cea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_343", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes have abundant endoplasmic reticulum, both smooth and rough.", "image_path": "utvQZGX3PSs_image_43da1065-f184-46c9-bba5-4c1ca670783a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatobiliary', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_344", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils may be present in later lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis.", "image_path": "p89qEhsB-9g_image_6106a26a-e58a-4b03-b5da-e8445afcdf2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_345", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of inflammatory cells suggests potential microscopic colitis, although it is not typical and fairly bland in type.", "image_path": "I341WDAGdgs_image_c3efeb2e-bdae-4071-8277-8a1677f534c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_346", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor characterized by ameloblast-like cells with nuclei pushed to the apical end away from the basal lamina.", "image_path": "hDQWDHAVSqI_image_89061fe6-278c-4979-aa7c-6db7a20e095b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_347", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is mainly composed of basal cells, with little sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_348", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of dense, regular type of connective tissue with fibroblast nuclei lining up and separating collagen fibers and bundles.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_a2e3ccda-68c5-4036-bc23-151e2ba2c3fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_349", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Carcinoma in situ is urothelial carcinoma where the cells are abnormal and require close observation.", "image_path": "lrM1_5L5gYA_image_18737cf9-69e7-4365-9553-e36fba6441cd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_350", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are cube-like cells linked together in hepatic cords or plates.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_80964713-1a61-4815-9e00-7a7f1f624085.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_351", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the histopathological features of a serous neoplasm with widely separated nuclei and low cuboidal pattern epithelium.", "image_path": "jkUCIcaE4gA_image_4db9fb84-3829-4819-80a0-d8716a5ede94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_352", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is well differentiated in superficial areas but poorly differentiated in deep areas.", "image_path": "49IyEV8AwzY_image_9130e813-efa2-4594-83fc-3062e7cd8905.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_353", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin is still expressed at higher levels in these areas.", "image_path": "z4rYT9P5aIE_image_9ec1e8bf-2a80-4c13-992d-d7373f8275d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_354", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Warthin tumors of the salivary gland have a papillary pattern and are lined by cells with oncocytic features.", "image_path": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_c65f47cf-75c9-40d3-af5d-38e2e8b2a1ec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_355", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sub-RPE invasion without extending through Brooks does not qualify as choroidal invasion.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_9fedcb5d-4fe3-417d-811f-d1c489bcfab5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_356", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Abnormal mitoses are present in the tumor.", "image_path": "QpGgWpFyX5M_image_db1339ad-1e86-49fc-9733-8f7020516902.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_357", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Asymmetry of pigment, with more pigment on one half of a lesion than the other, can be a sign of melanoma.", "image_path": "8N0IZZpF8ts_image_eb6a634b-7d79-4699-8354-319a6c6f5320.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_358", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pigmented airspace macrophages with interstitial thickening and smooth muscle hyperplasia.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_cf2f9a84-be56-4146-b69d-db2ee037df46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_359", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of lingual papillae and von Ebner glands, which are tubuloacinar serous glands located deep in the lamina propria and core of the tongue.", "image_path": "DSQf_ydB-6M_image_509ff44f-0b99-432f-9d4e-64513a16ce04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_360", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is basal plasmacytosis and dysplasia at the surface epithelium with mitosis.", "image_path": "CZ1ptP31xBA_image_ad453752-a0bf-4e0f-9efc-d503b5d5258b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_361", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of benign prostate tissue and its distinguishing features from malignant entities, including a well-circumscribed appearance and lack of cytologic atypia in spindled cells.", "image_path": "SisuNSprfIc_image_a4ddf9bd-2493-4b6f-83cb-f93398a4e8a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_362", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The skin has a stratified, squamous, and keratinized epithelium with a dead outer layer and inner living layers.", "image_path": "Thwivi7yGrU_image_b519f1ec-ad77-4f84-a1f6-3ca7288133f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_363", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Endocrine cells are identified by the presence of small hyperchromatic oval nuclei and perinuclear halo.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_364", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a follicle within a papillary structure is usually seen in more benign lesions.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_365", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is circumscribed and symmetrical.", "image_path": "DPNfNuU_49I_image_e96ab633-d6cc-4ffa-9830-9ea7094044cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_366", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chromophobe cells have less affinity to stain and are the most numerous.", "image_path": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_f1a5394e-2a65-4d75-8123-2eb0004cfb1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "val_367", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ADH changes focally reaching or bordering on low-grade DCIS.", "image_path": "wZY_ksquLFM_image_fd057b62-2bd6-4030-a5f3-4faf91d5b2b5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_368", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "H3K27M mutant is positive in tumor nuclei.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_32b5b5df-07c8-4533-88d0-7bcef1e2b79f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_369", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ki67 staining is useful in small crushed biopsies to differentiate from carcinoid tumors.", "image_path": "B_7-nhLakf4_image_eda6f4d3-de0e-4bbf-a29f-fca1bcfcfad7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_370", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes epithelioid histiocytes, melanocytic nevus, and epithelioid endothelial cells.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_371", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of intramucosal or adenocarcinoma associated with villous structures.", "image_path": "HilA233A6TE_image_62ed737e-cbd2-4b33-a592-d442fb12138f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_372", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a tissue sample with congealed red blood cells and a single, simple, squamous epithelial lining sitting on a thin connective tissue or basement membrane, with cross sections of smooth muscle outside.", "image_path": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_373", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Loss of basement membranes and destruction of tubular basement membranes in TIN", "image_path": "R5NlIWJiPRA_image_5315f414-d516-41b6-9e57-4d52168dd7d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_374", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "T-cell receptor clonality is being discussed in the context of follicular mucinosis.", "image_path": "a2FkQh_VTpg_image_345a7cb0-1547-4487-ad44-1d502545d1d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_375", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Appearance of a verruca or a seborrheic keratosis in a type of Stewart-Treves syndrome with warty reactive epidermal change, possibly with some HPV-driven verruca-type growth. The condition is called elephantiasis nostras verrucosa.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_1a3ef77c-7264-43ff-95ec-d73ebd55d18e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_376", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Not usual ductal hyperplasia due to absence of disorderly arrangement as it moves into the lumen.", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_d9dc638b-3da7-4146-9877-f14625b0f7fd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_377", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiotic dermatitis with marked spongiosis and parakeratosis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_378", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ERG or CD31 may be used for angiosarcoma, high molecular weight keratin or P40 for squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_fead79ec-245d-41e9-a82b-07935f312549.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_379", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of giant cells in papillary carcinoma thyroid FNA.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_380", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal cardiomyocytes have central nuclei, similar size and shape, and are organized in a syncytial arrangement.", "image_path": "hFCtUf9bdZA_image_21b8ebe3-2c8a-4da2-afcb-6652cd823a5d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_381", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cannot be placed in the NIFTP category if papillary structures are present.", "image_path": "McU454sFb1g_image_b5f7e10c-fa81-40db-8936-817c1a85a595.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_382", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnoses include lymphoepithelial cysts, lymphoepithelial lesions, adenolymphoma, lymphoid rich Warthin tumors, lobulated tumors, sialadenitis, and lymphoma.", "image_path": "sc90AA9DD8o_image_3f54c49d-d8c4-41d0-9ba8-073c8bf98b0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_383", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic exudative processes may show acanthosis and fibrosis in the dermis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_96e4e0e8-989a-4ccf-9be3-1119eda19cb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_384", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is formed by small nodules of basal cell epithelial cells.", "image_path": "AlG3kBN-OPE_image_072324a4-6807-463c-bf97-4e36eeee72b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_385", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator describes nevoid cells with prominent nuclei and eosinophilic hairline cytoplasmic inclusions.", "image_path": "NvuL-p5VoL0_image_ed021c78-c4c8-4b91-9935-74849a1bf9eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_386", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of a high-grade cystic carcinoma that appears to be de-differentiated.", "image_path": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_72d24764-5f7f-4ffe-ace2-22cf4da47eda.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_387", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, reactive epidermal hyperplasia in granular cell tumors.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_627c2d13-b30d-404d-b2b7-864ebe177890.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_388", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential staining pattern with calponin or other markers can be seen in these cells.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_e9685008-88ef-4b83-a672-a2c58d72da86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_389", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 and S100 will be negative, while pan-cytokeratin may indicate spindle cell or squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "4JihQ7WUCQk_image_77b71224-d597-4441-bc17-d170ed54175f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_390", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes melanoma in situ, but this is unlikely due to the absence of pagetoid spread, abnormal mitotic activity, and invasive dermal component.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_ed6453d2-fcab-47f5-a6b4-9cecdf5afba8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_391", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferative endometrial glands may be dilated and irregular, but no atypical epithelial component is found between them.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_392", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Combination of spiradenoma and cylindroma or spiroma can be seen.", "image_path": "UabrOimZW4A_image_badabe6e-202e-4dfe-bb2e-97fbc57ac6ab.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_393", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are fibrous and whirling meningothelial cells present.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d3e3b103-d7a3-4cbc-8251-f074183a45bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_394", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Regrowth of surface epithelium from healthy-looking glands in the stratum basal.", "image_path": "vcQK4Is4bl8_image_82f1fbe1-d023-4fe6-8b1a-aeb769da4099.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "val_395", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of scabies and its characteristic appearance as an itchy linear eruption on the extremity with the organism in the corneal layer.", "image_path": "I9J2tETPRiI_image_1f03550d-4ede-44d4-89ac-ea9a23402056.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_396", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dense diffuse infiltrate in the lower part of the dermis with granulomatous inflammation.", "image_path": "ncfRZXKzI4c_image_2fec6f93-45f6-4b3c-8c32-7fce0294327e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_397", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of golden brown granules within macrophages, more in keeping with iron than melanin pigment", "image_path": "tMGigAzaTaE_image_ee86c55c-a6ab-4538-86f6-33959c4ef19e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_398", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion tested positive for adipophilin, indicating sebaceous gland differentiation.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_746f4beb-9ba2-4e60-8be4-74a15f726081.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_399", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelial lining is a simple columnar epithelium with enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_400", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Degree of differentiation can be suggested based on nuclear and mitotic features.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_ed6cc2f0-1acc-4086-a5cd-15fce8b85977.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_401", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The WHO classification does not require specifying SSL as high-grade or low-grade.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_402", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Large atypical cells with regular nuclei and increased cytoplasm are present.", "image_path": "SGnhv9ag_sw_image_c49f7e6e-ccc0-4a5e-843a-438a960b0744.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_403", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Parallel fascicles are key in identifying dermatomyofibroma.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_5a9fef75-2ef0-45c2-a777-3f2c2d1f2422.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_404", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the tissue section.", "image_path": "yoE0Xj_ZMnE_image_27ab4e5b-374a-4f56-9b5e-cbb97b6beac1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_405", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The exocrine pancreas secretes an enzyme-rich alkaline fluid into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct.", "image_path": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_82fed79e-5a28-42ca-9b38-177dac263fbb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "val_406", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tissue B arises in three different planes, which is unique to the tongue.", "image_path": "eEdKQk_MhMQ_image_cd89f57e-6ef9-4844-b4f1-4ab5de8e9af2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_407", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psammoma bodies are seen in meningioma, especially psammomatous meningioma.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_408", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal areas of hemosiderin and hemorrhage are useful clues to the diagnosis of dermatofibroma.", "image_path": "IqyZjd34xN4_image_86082ad4-79be-4a48-a3e6-7349dce678a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_409", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of stratified squamous epithelium, both non-keratinized and keratinized.", "image_path": "gAV6-5AfzuU_image_02c7f7b1-aa1c-4131-bb8b-b0a201165be8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Urologic']", "id": "val_410", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has islands of dermis in between the interconnected strands of epithelial cells.", "image_path": "IARujNWaL1I_image_9bde37f9-1249-4d07-a269-7c142eeeb908.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_411", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery can affect the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and part of the colon from the cecum to the splenic flexure.", "image_path": "e4EExrlI3d8_image_d8852a4e-4a49-409e-8320-b2bbca57bd34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_412", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 is not a specific marker and can be seen in other fibroblastic tumors and vascular tumors.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_10bc3880-af55-4c3d-ae67-7da8de57b446.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_413", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of normal ovarian structures in next case.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_3a6bf9c3-02eb-4be1-9a38-c3cfe8006334.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_414", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zona ghosts are remnants of degenerated follicles with oocytes.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_10adc483-e4b8-46b3-843f-f5f79b639e6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_415", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Barrett's and gastric type of mucosa in the upper end of the esophagus.", "image_path": "0iTQqvt0UVE_image_8b28d04a-b0ce-414f-8bdf-7b8332d50c3a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_416", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of purple and calcium in a tumor is evidence of osteoid production, which is a hallmark feature of osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_417", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker has diagnosed DAD (diffuse alveolar damage) based on the presence of eosinophils and has recommended corticosteroids.", "image_path": "LRSDSw7JCMc_image_9959c80a-d6ab-41e1-ae12-fead6dac3b69.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_418", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have cleared cytoplasm and are resting on a basal lamina, which is thickened in some areas.", "image_path": "91bmJtttGW0_image_61d0d2ee-1850-4a3e-9910-1cc21ea0a2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_419", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Culture of white chalky material from proximal nail is best for identifying infection.", "image_path": "TL0jSujjnBw_image_5774fa74-d538-4a95-9957-238c9e154918.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_420", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a polyp composed of normal biliary epithelium with stromal macrophages, which can mimic carcinomas and cause obstruction if large enough.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_7a2db408-1872-4641-8502-3402b8841912.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_421", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of mucin producing cells with large mucin vacuole in the cytoplasm and small clear mucin droplets.", "image_path": "8G1EXlpyhHk_image_9ef8dc31-405d-4ec7-92a0-b62878bd76aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_422", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Finding a dual population of cells with marked atypia helps in the diagnosis of in situ malignancy.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_ad6dfa98-0406-45c3-baaf-b7b11834ceb5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_423", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cancer cells are infiltrating through normal brain structures, making it difficult to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_424", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pleomorphic lipoblastoma in a myxoid lipoma.", "image_path": "lFmkjGdXcSU_image_b54da7c7-7110-40b6-a7d0-0240662a3050.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_425", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of age up based on the presented image and description of subcorneal neutrophilic pustule with an infiltrate of neutrophils and eosinophils.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_7787d91a-2627-4fc6-b319-fea8f887f1bb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_426", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure of the liver, including the sinusoids, endothelial lining, and hepatocytes.", "image_path": "Py8vQhPNVXA_image_70361d59-3a47-4565-8207-471313a04ee4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_427", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperkeratotic papula with possible atypia in the epidermis, possibly indicating a hack or Bowen's disease.", "image_path": "QZwad9UWrv0_image_da57a53a-89a3-40c0-aafe-1af5a5dbf476.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_428", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The basal cell layer has a high rate of mitotic activity to regenerate upper epithelial layers.", "image_path": "ryIkgysV5Ew_image_6631c3e4-dc4a-475f-b36b-e38d89ffdba4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_429", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemoptysis and rapidly deteriorating renal function may indicate hemorrhage in the lung.", "image_path": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_430", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cystoid edema observed in the region.", "image_path": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_431", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mention of a specific case of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma with florid papillary morphology.", "image_path": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_432", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "BRAF staining can confirm the diagnosis of papillary craniopharyngioma.", "image_path": "i7VZAr65r6g_image_434d3bd7-801b-4258-8bd0-50071fb4a586.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_433", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of lymphatic nodules with germinal centers and plasma cells.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_724b5c24-ced5-43dd-aaec-8f73e7466f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_434", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Necrotic areas, collagenous areas, blood vessels, and mast cells are present in the background.", "image_path": "3qmVDVi9CPM_image_6d70f6b1-57ae-4cf1-b2fb-71ac06bc59c2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_435", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pax8 stain may not be useful in discriminating renal tumors, as many of them can be Pax8 positive.", "image_path": "KrHMC7I0428_image_5415afc7-bf5b-4bdd-a47e-415a0ec35b2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_436", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of fibrosis distribution in SRIF, with some subpleural fibrosis and centrilobular fibrosis near the bronchovascular bundle.", "image_path": "UpoSccgVXt0_image_a285607c-070e-4ca1-a308-0e4faa627b38.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_437", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of thickened septa and chronic inflammation with giant cells is typical of septal panniculitis.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_e003f1dc-59c6-4d24-ab67-1507888292be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_438", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ducts are identified by the presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a lumen.", "image_path": "ddn2_H4hXp4_image_d69785d0-3ef3-4814-a6ee-9a0672faceba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatobiliary', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_439", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Thickened granular layer indicates a long-standing condition.", "image_path": "4rn6oDo69PQ_image_d09c3b1d-b3a9-413b-95cf-87aeedfe5e52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Infectious Disease']", "id": "val_440", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The image shows a portal canal and central venules in the liver.", "image_path": "fZvq86-pUac_image_9cbab322-b7bd-4e91-a7e8-3728e9c0af6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_441", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schwannomas can exhibit dramatic pleomorphism without mitotic activity, which is a feature that suggests benignity.", "image_path": "2fBl-VQDYWU_image_97e38b3e-13a0-4f8c-897c-b91dc604b46d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_442", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The region has a reticular appearance, and it is diagnosed as an eccrine syringofibroadenoma.", "image_path": "q9_bSt-wMRU_image_8ea5f414-3af5-4e56-a261-55e8a517a0f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_443", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recommendation to take a large punch biopsy for neoplasms rather than a small punch or shave biopsy to avoid inadequate diagnosis and potential medical legal situation.", "image_path": "BmF-kN6xvfk_image_7eb6b887-9c53-4341-bfff-f21878e21b36.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_444", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis with material in the center, including rheumatoid nodule and amyloid.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_4f442c22-79b1-4ae9-8703-c805a9d3e401.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_445", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inter capillary glomerulosclerosis and nodular glomerulosclerosis are the same Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion.", "image_path": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_7123f63d-0bb8-4474-a832-cc836c1ad74d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_446", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Emperipolesis can be observed in Rosai-Dorfman disease.", "image_path": "d6_YXCxCWvU_image_8fa5ba17-5cc8-48b0-9ae9-7482cb9f49ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_447", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of TERT and TP53 mutations indicate a poor prognosis for patients with true small cell carcinoma of the bladder.", "image_path": "o3FyMNCFae0_image_fcfe4fd7-4deb-4a1c-acc9-52fa19a163bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_448", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells labeled A are parietal cells in the stomach, which produce hydrochloric acid for protein digestion.", "image_path": "rUTYWtdgqUg_image_7949295e-8065-45df-acc7-d6854809b6f1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Endocrine', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_449", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Oncocytomas are typically positive for CK7 and may show loss of chromosome Y and chromosome number one.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_450", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The specimen shows a sweat gland with large nuclei, big nucleoli, eosinophilic granules, and snouts bulging into the lumen, but it is filled with neutrophils, indicating inflammation.", "image_path": "_SPNsagiJsg_image_6978a638-4529-4826-8660-677c69ae14f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_451", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of molecular pathways in cancer cells that are not related to proliferation and can be targeted to kill slowly dividing stem cells in tumors.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_266151b7-4d3a-4e7c-8ac0-62f9e9d82ffa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_452", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lamellar bodies seen in electron microscopy contain surfactant produced by type 2 pneumocyte.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_37913d1a-8c16-4eda-8694-f848888b5a25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_453", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Caution needed when interpreting silver stain as it can also stain dendritic processes of melanocytes and Langerhans cells.", "image_path": "1GBN-Bucu60_image_903c80af-d55b-4166-8156-3d5d47224ea5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious Disease', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_454", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular growth in cutaneous tissue with aggregates of basophilic cells, likely lymphoid aggregates.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_455", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Polarity of urothelium is well maintained.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_5cdf773c-c4fe-4635-8864-6fc98a06868e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_456", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is not mucinous, ruling out mucinous cysts.", "image_path": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_df7c6184-9a44-471d-ad7a-f82c927058f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_457", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a steatotic-looking area with no bile ducts, indicating an adenoma with loss of fatty acid binding protein.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_015fdf1c-e73b-4029-8967-264e7ecbfb6f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_458", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is intestinal metaplasia of the gastroesophageal junction, with no evidence of dysplasia.", "image_path": "0ZldIlKTSVM_image_76c8769e-390b-4136-ac8b-ce8f6444fe7c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_459", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute ischemia may be better visualized in deeper tissue layers.", "image_path": "dJCG--OnGV8_image_585cc984-d5be-4eb4-96a4-c7e86121e103.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_460", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intracystic growths may be missed if not carefully sectioned.", "image_path": "d0WDjz9JBiU_image_81014f82-6068-4be7-bba6-b317ec685e20.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrioid']", "id": "val_461", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, which may indicate an inflammatory or autoimmune condition.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_875665df-1fbc-4be6-922d-38597a000308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_462", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described features suggest squamous carcinoma in situ with clear cell features.", "image_path": "M55A5InS-OU_image_71cade86-b434-48a4-b026-7a10949f74d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_463", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample has some epithelial cells in addition to dried serum and red cells, indicating inflammation.", "image_path": "hzv2ErebJRY_image_a292f0f6-117a-4b02-9463-4a75d0517dd7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_464", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular fasciitis may have variable amounts of giant cells with huge nuclei.", "image_path": "DVuiPPuNNKw_image_90b54762-004b-49f6-89af-bea6ca830a4f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_465", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) with paler cells derived from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle.", "image_path": "0QZ_6HCVIo4_image_66ad50de-226d-408f-bf40-ecf35c7f5779.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_466", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the structure and function of the villi in the gastrointestinal tract, and how coronavirus affects the enterocytes of the villi tips, causing necrosis and loss of them. This leads to villous fusion, where multiple villi are covered by one layer of epithelium, resulting in a loss of surface area for digestion and absorption. This can cause diarrhea until the lesion is repaired.", "image_path": "91JekccsN80_image_6216959f-92d5-4428-a9a7-e89495a9a1db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_467", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumors limited to the lamina propria are classified as T1A and have a good prognosis, while tumors that have invaded the muscularis mucosa or beyond have a worse prognosis.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_468", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of immature cartilage with blue matrix and moderate cellularity.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_469", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Advanced fibrosis with microscopic honeycomb remodeling and small mucus-filled cysts in fibrosis, which are histologic features of UIP in IPF.", "image_path": "DBQ8crGiVEE_image_3b20c8de-14a9-4858-98b7-0e1f646fd5f7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_470", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In ganglioneuroma, the architecture is more haphazard due to neoplasia.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_9c159103-84dd-4674-a3af-2b1d3ebd4750.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_471", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A fat cell with its nucleus is visible in the tissue.", "image_path": "xpc_DCJBvK4_image_16d4829c-8d10-4f63-890c-7a6347d74211.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_472", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is describing the physical characteristics of the small bowel, including the presence of serosal connective tissue and fat, submucosal folds (plicae), and villi in the mucosa.", "image_path": "E5RVVBz1Fjs_image_be9d407b-43ca-42c7-a1d7-962212ccec0f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_473", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal lymph nodes do not have epithelium or glands, but contain lymphocytes, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, macrophages, and plasma cells.", "image_path": "Y8Lm-zFkgx8_image_8e3d1206-34f4-420f-9bed-b6e2d3424c3e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_474", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be symmetric and well-circumscribed, suggesting it is a benign lesion.", "image_path": "Bvtc9EkveK8_image_6ceb0c2e-87ca-4903-9b52-ee03a70fa18f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_475", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Irregular epidermal hyperplasia and atypical squamous cells with squamous differentiation, scatter mitotic figures, and aggregations are seen in a punch biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_ef7a5d22-9bef-46c5-957d-783b5bded4f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_476", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The described lesion is a trichoblastoma, a type of benign follicular tumor.", "image_path": "IWHXXzRYjrc_image_9f08ccef-4af8-46d2-93e1-323baa03e538.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_477", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has low cellularity and a low mitotic count, suggesting a Nottingham grade one.", "image_path": "MhEhXWhB7ro_image_5e514388-98c2-4a73-b0aa-6299f1d0c329.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_478", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is a transition to relatively normal-appearing hematopoietic marrow.", "image_path": "atoRg7AbHsI_image_2f746533-c660-48d7-bf3e-22c92817e3fb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_479", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Only a few fragments had sizable amounts of tumor, while the rest were benign smooth muscle.", "image_path": "TZ5ZhboYfWI_image_fff20269-fb5d-47cc-b066-dab0dfa4f461.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Renal']", "id": "val_480", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes epithelioid histiocytes, melanocytic nevus, and epithelioid endothelial cells.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_f26652c4-282f-42bb-9b37-a0d0c2a4afa3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_481", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the chondroid syringoma are uniform and not pleomorphic, with no mitotic activity and evenly spaced. This type of tumor is characterized by ductal epithelium and is regarded as an eccrine variant of a mixed tumor.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_f6e18c3f-82f1-44ee-b1b8-0367e3c48e2b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_482", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The entire large surface area of the pancreas is fibrotic and scarred, indicating abnormality.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_483", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EED is a chronic vasculitis that gives a nodular pattern and progresses with time to show onion skin fibrosis surrounding nodules. Inflammation decreases and fibrosis increases over time.", "image_path": "_e2_I12pSxI_image_5baec7d9-dbf5-4811-bf1d-38ef879f7169.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_484", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of infiltrating glands without a lobular pattern and lack of a myoepithelial layer suggests a carcinoma. The bland nuclei and eosinophilic luminal secretion are also key features of this diagnosis.", "image_path": "s4jQfiEoZXs_image_ad26239c-4629-4e3f-82cc-49c1b0458c4f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_485", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The theca interna cells have receptors for luteinizing hormone and produce androgen, which is aromatized by the theca externa cells to produce estrogen.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_8b35386e-fa1b-48d6-9d9a-575ed4f5fc68.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_486", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory carcinoma is a clinical diagnosis characterized by pink to red skin and nests of atypical cells within dermal lymphatics.", "image_path": "pDUDvwUM9qI_image_3792a3c9-4b76-4ebc-916d-4c975e280933.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_487", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chromophobe cells have less affinity to stain and are the most numerous.", "image_path": "XRnL3sAy0jk_image_f1a5394e-2a65-4d75-8123-2eb0004cfb1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "val_488", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pink and blue appearance at low power is characteristic of Rosai-Dorfman disease.", "image_path": "8xz3w1V6Be4_image_b3d41408-e22c-40bb-bb18-121cf17a8230.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_489", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and spider cells, which are helpful for diagnosis.", "image_path": "yVoYAm78wGw_image_eee0aa2d-b256-46ab-a23e-18abd1d82bb4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_490", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Rosai-Dorfman disease is the likely diagnosis.", "image_path": "A4XHUBrUpMw_image_c0680cc5-4c0a-4ed3-87bc-a47ed9604081.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_491", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Long tubular bones should be examined for osteosclerosis and perinephric fibrosis in this case.", "image_path": "H6EJ37upJZY_image_c8e9a943-844b-4b67-8943-87ee973b35fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_492", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chicken wire pattern vasculature is seen in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "j7fVmA1liK4_image_440f744b-5a2c-4bc8-bd26-32218502b975.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_493", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Relationship between the nail matrix and the location of pigment or parakeratosis.", "image_path": "Qwt63GKOED4_image_faad3726-5687-44fe-a726-745176c82c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_494", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Over activation of beta-catenin can cause diffuse fibromatosis.", "image_path": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_22dd443b-bd6e-4753-a501-50ba49a5da54.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_495", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The choroid is a layer with vasculature that provides nutrients for the retina.", "image_path": "tXWarf8FEW0_image_e2cb9947-93db-474c-83f4-de5428276bfd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_496", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "NR4A3 is a molecular marker used for acinar cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_69a2d570-1f2e-4e87-bf14-b1cdc8a7bded.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_497", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunophenotype of these cells is negative for CD20.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_26900e77-472a-4c16-b579-da40a613418b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_498", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Woven bone is always abnormal, although not always malignant.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_739d3911-0bc9-4957-af9e-794dd241944b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_499", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of intracellular and intercellular eosinophilic globules.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_b62baa17-30df-486b-99e1-af695dec1391.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_500", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The main differential diagnosis is between hidradenoma and syringocystadenoma.", "image_path": "npRtDfSNV5M_image_00574812-ffde-489a-a621-7ab2dce9d60f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_501", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Less than 5% solid growth is grade 1, 6% to 50% is grade 2, and more than 50% is grade 3.", "image_path": "vix0fI97BdE_image_8129dc5b-d577-46b9-9b5f-2e1a8568c798.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_502", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Damage and destruction of hepatocytes with regenerative activity and rosette-like appearance.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_c1985b9c-3427-4ca4-a52f-616d78f0e888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_503", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a tissue sample with congealed red blood cells and a single, simple, squamous epithelial lining sitting on a thin connective tissue or basement membrane, with cross sections of smooth muscle outside.", "image_path": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_3976b7c6-584e-4164-a0e2-d377b0335a37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_504", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The slit-like spaces are where cholesterol used to be but was washed out during processing.", "image_path": "0Pl97EqoKX0_image_75b03297-34ed-41b1-86d4-d94818ebb188.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_505", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is likely inflammatory in nature.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_1a4ce69a-bcc9-41ed-b050-0f83b280c2bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_506", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cell leads to ECL cell hyperplasia.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_507", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of giant cells in papillary carcinoma thyroid FNA.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_12560b6b-d2bf-4d7a-aaee-3cb877a36fff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_508", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in the gallbladder wall can be mistaken for adenomyosis.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_20485e42-53e9-4679-a59d-ca3fb35947db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_509", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Invasive squamous cell carcinoma can present with parakeratosis and an indented or crater shape or volcano-shaped eruption of keratin out of the skin.", "image_path": "y9OzN3-OlSU_image_3f2597c4-53bf-4600-b423-2e234aa9cfe7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_510", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal melanocytes are located along the basal layer.", "image_path": "i79WpnYTu7U_image_4c0c3c4c-bb0e-475b-9855-7ecbe8472888.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_511", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels and the hilum region.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_724b5c24-ced5-43dd-aaec-8f73e7466f97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_512", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells of the large sweat gland secrete and accumulate the product in the apical portion before releasing it to the lumen.", "image_path": "LBLBzTKk4a8_image_5390ac39-328a-48d6-a503-61bc4b599a6c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_513", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion appears to be a collection of fat cells (lipocytes) with a proliferation of smaller vessels at the periphery, resembling a classic lipoma.", "image_path": "RQxqoZjQseM_image_2b35953c-52d2-4447-a874-4c2f6e1e3bec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_514", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnoses include angiocaretoma, angioleiomyoma, and Masson's tumor, which is a form of organizing thrombosis or papillary endothelial hyperplasia.", "image_path": "DbElLKSrPtk_image_41fb8ea4-ec36-4648-848f-f6dc91538ff4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_515", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is embedded in muscle tissue and has myxoid tissue, dense collagen, mast cells, and lipocytes.", "image_path": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_516", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma is the area of connective tissue that supports the conjunctiva.", "image_path": "qFz6--cIM10_image_4d3a2b37-1707-4a6f-bdc8-2c07054d2c00.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Molecular pathology']", "id": "val_517", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Potential issues with obstruction, dilation, and rupture of the glans, which can lead to spillage of mucin and the development of signet ring cell-like morphology.", "image_path": "HpsLYcnJXMY_image_c978a8e0-0166-40c2-8dd0-b9a87f164b29.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_518", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Enormous variation in nuclear size and shape, indicating a nuclear grade three.", "image_path": "OtjU6faROV8_image_1ed71ec0-f2ca-4902-bf64-8d17f9025535.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_519", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows spongiosis and eosinophils, indicating possible eosinophilic esophagitis.", "image_path": "zQdg1p_ahKI_image_f5aee396-20e2-481b-b47d-d03b108d44b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_520", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical fibroxanthoma is a high grade sarcoma with pleomorphic and mitotic cells that are slammed up against the epidermis.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_2218beb2-1238-4541-8e3e-40bfcd5ed4a0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_521", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the branch point or breakdown point in tissue and the potential for spillover between septal and lobular regions. Mention of a large piece of tissue, possibly from a wedge excision.", "image_path": "kgHpCSmpjZg_image_c9396ef5-71ff-47b6-8578-68c1280aa2a9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_522", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of large cells with prominent nuclei in sheets, which are much larger than small lymphocytes.", "image_path": "3CnLgBDjGNk_image_20e3240a-c94b-4d25-a2fe-a95d82a16322.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_523", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peribobar inflammation is classic for alopecia areata.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_1221053c-cd6b-4289-a6f4-f36eedc07a66.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_524", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Juvenile xanthogranuloma and reticulohistiocytoma can overlap morphologically on H and E staining, but they are likely different diseases biologically.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_c0ab8e82-5d93-4635-838d-03bc06582355.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_525", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Circumvallate papilla contains a slightly keratinized epithelium and taste buds on its lateral surface.", "image_path": "Qp7_vF-eUKE_image_a24c6f5a-7a90-47d8-aacd-75efabbcdad5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_526", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanomas do not stay with regular melanocytic markers and have a pink and fibrotic background.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_1ae72514-90d7-4695-ab88-2afddb464a4d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_527", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebocytes with obvious sebaceous differentiation can be seen at a higher power magnification.", "image_path": "9WcyGJsRj00_image_a08d14ca-e468-461a-acf3-0428fb055b05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_528", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasiform hyperplasia with a stratum granulosum is present.", "image_path": "iA553j_NNAc_image_58527cf7-f2aa-409f-b12f-4db9ad01b234.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_529", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells at the periphery of the lesion may appear atypical, leading to potential misdiagnosis.", "image_path": "keSHQoiWm3c_image_93a6c29a-d5fe-490d-b018-fe4672f4b435.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_530", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In ganglioneuroma, the architecture is more haphazard due to neoplasia.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_cbfd8c00-869f-4fe5-a23b-816acf5c17ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_531", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry can be used to identify neoplastic cells.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_22fbd431-c975-4d9a-bc20-48ffbab71ec6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_532", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tangential or oblique cuts of skin samples can result in islands of papillary dermis surrounded by epidermis, which can affect the appearance of the rete.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_533", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mention of a specific case of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma with florid papillary morphology.", "image_path": "9rEb2RwUBLg_image_7e83e99f-0bc2-4aee-b619-bdf0d461a4c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_534", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The virus may infect pneumocytes and be present in hyaline membranes.", "image_path": "mEVWMuZWxkk_image_0323de90-1c98-47db-a50c-db6ff7ff935e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_535", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Striae may be present but are not necessary for diagnosis.", "image_path": "yVoYAm78wGw_image_eee0aa2d-b256-46ab-a23e-18abd1d82bb4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_536", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Squamous cell carcinoma identified in an older patient, possibly arising from a pleomorphic adenoma.", "image_path": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_c79d9abe-b16f-49a2-92e3-c8ca30ee67ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_537", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histoid leprosy is a variant of lepromatous leprosy that presents as a leprosy pseudotumor.", "image_path": "hlg0epuhze4_image_ccf19fa1-579b-4dc2-9efb-f20a4ccc37bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_538", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of reactive bone around the nidus in biopsies and curettage specimens.", "image_path": "NPIJWHkVWzs_image_98d8fec1-6e2a-4629-a19f-5c66074f1c2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_539", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can have FosB and ActB fusion, supporting the idea of it being an endothelial tumor.", "image_path": "JCgC-bPoJsI_image_af5c9ee3-f9e2-46b0-b684-1f5aa31bb6d1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_540", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the blood-air barrier and its components, including the type 1 epithelial pneumocyte, basement membrane, and endothelial cytoplasm.", "image_path": "1cHZNiYFTfY_image_3d528faa-7dba-483b-a513-eac5750fafcb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_541", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The process is confined to dermis and spares the epidermis.", "image_path": "8dNNKF37_ZY_image_e1bd6c30-8d7f-492c-bde3-e917992c2df5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_542", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the olfactory epithelium and its characteristic appearance.", "image_path": "Lhe0y5zQr9c_image_1bcab02f-da3a-4541-ad8f-0289f3c888d7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_543", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Complex branching papillae can be found in the tumor.", "image_path": "yUamjxNd7Zw_image_b73f2902-f43a-4d6c-88e4-5b6e7a9ba420.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_544", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry shows significant expression of the neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin in a tumor with mucin.", "image_path": "Mb1hQJ2TbP4_image_8c28de54-11fc-4fe0-8a39-1fce0021d7b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_545", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Beta-catenin marker is strongly positive in a tumor with positive marking in both nuclei and cytoplasm.", "image_path": "sJq7831pi-c_image_ec154a4f-df62-468e-8a1f-7a8bb5ab26af.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_546", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibroadenomas are well-circumscribed lesions with a clear and sharp border, and a smooth surface. They are mobile unlike carcinomas which have an infiltrative type of growth.", "image_path": "7A9au9ZQa9E_image_6fb92e57-fd93-42e9-9c37-69e82e7372d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_547", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Imaging may show a mass lesion and bony destruction, which is more common with minor salivary gland tumors than major salivary gland tumors.", "image_path": "MSB9O1mouf4_image_374c724f-d14f-4baa-b0b4-af65ad87d9d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_548", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of benign sweat ducts within a large, deeper nerve is a characteristic example of microcystic adnexal carcinoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_a0516a1b-357d-4648-904f-2c579c1e1641.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_549", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sinusoids are larger dilated vessels containing red gelatin material flowing towards the central vein.", "image_path": "84i2bR7YRrE_image_2df004ec-9b43-411b-aee9-890984fbd2ef.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_550", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Grade 3 TCC with low power papillary outline and thickening of urothelium.", "image_path": "_V3g5ujzdlw_image_55b34886-31e0-474f-a0f9-3b12a7dcec73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_551", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a raised area with epithelial proliferation.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_38dfa23e-22b4-4618-98eb-21f3894e2a90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_552", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of skin lesions, including interstitial mostly neoplasms like Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "AzRvOr-4OcU_image_9a849b49-ce46-47c5-a715-1e4ccc887bdc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_553", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is bone present, including lamellar bone.", "image_path": "NPIJWHkVWzs_image_be15e8b7-9ff2-4e11-9f2c-a3d822d5e8fe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_554", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of X mitoses near the granular layer suggests a condyloma with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), which is similar to high-grade dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "sohlZtwTs-w_image_d9c2eee2-75f4-4626-9bd9-55501e78b274.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_555", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor contains a combination of fat and spindle cells, with a prominent component resembling either a nerve or the fascicles seen in a fibrous sarcoma.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_ef581345-d7c3-4ce4-87a7-3f62efd25e06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_556", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic example of verruciform xanthoma with bubbly, foamy histiocytes filling the papillary dermis.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_ddb60f64-b0bb-4d43-8efb-a4b6bc693032.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_557", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hyalinized vessels and absence of ganglion cells.", "image_path": "jZq1OSvusrM_image_87b4812e-ae38-4e5a-b580-96d85c707ea2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Neuropathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_558", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis of carcinoma in situ cannot be made solely based on immunohistochemistry results.", "image_path": "VKEruy8apqY_image_ecf301c5-7cb9-4ee8-91e3-b6dc1412c1ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_559", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sharp boundary between poroma cells and adjacent squamous cells of epidermis.", "image_path": "iDVaGqPyyNE_image_cea0553a-2fbd-4a06-a2b7-fd040c02cb71.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_560", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic nevus component can have a sclerotic morphology and look like collagen under the microscope.", "image_path": "7AnTCsWoNws_image_09b2de65-6d6a-45ce-bbd1-8d1bf4c2ec9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_561", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Migration of erythrocytes and leukocytes through lymphoid tissue in the spleen is described.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_aafe5f96-8c1c-4259-b91e-112e960b9508.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_562", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cell has a lobulated, folded nuclear membrane with a prominent nucleolus.", "image_path": "e-tVDfAl5Ac_image_b6cc7318-398a-48ce-a8c2-3ac670a93e04.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_563", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of ocular keratosis with transverse epithelial hyperplasia and atypia.", "image_path": "80C1KqJw43k_image_4fb7d995-5181-4abb-bade-794072d35ddf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_564", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Recanalization occurring with proliferative appearance and atypical slit-like vascular spaces and pseudopromethoric signs, possibly indicating an intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH).", "image_path": "GO0Mv9tHcjk_image_94ca1f43-ebc5-42b8-85f0-a6113048e06e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_565", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a capillary within a wall, lined by flattened endothelial cells and full of erythrocytes.", "image_path": "kedLVj08FwQ_image_ffda2047-e034-4def-8322-73952bcf7c62.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_566", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desquamative type pattern observed with pneumocytes falling off their alveolar walls.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_5643db86-5345-4783-8e5e-74539003517a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_567", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Follicular structures and elongated papillae are present.", "image_path": "ESz7s1rBfuI_image_aa45629b-7958-4fde-8d1a-5bb10bf53c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_568", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Granulosa lutein cells form the majority of corpus luteum.", "image_path": "mbw0XXZSP_o_image_d40b10af-a120-40ac-830f-57cd7b9c47b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "val_569", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Understanding normal histology and morphology of the thyroid gland can help in identifying pathological conditions quickly.", "image_path": "0zob5YWn6BY_image_9f250337-8160-48e7-8cf4-76e1b299d0f8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_570", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no prominent koilocytosis or perinuclear vacuolization.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_d6737d3b-5b51-4145-b7b3-444286ed5a73.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_571", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Status spongiosus where there are no neurons left and only a glial scar remains", "image_path": "IrsvNpaV2Lk_image_b6f70427-0a8a-49db-b545-de1138514c2e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_572", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A honeycomb pattern of adipocyte entrapment can be seen in both DFSP and diffuse neurofibroma, leading to misdiagnosis.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_cceb1fcd-90a0-413c-a32b-0fff4ffaa7db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_573", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is describing the histopathological features of angiosarcoma, including irregular, antler-shaped, dissecting vascular spaces throughout collagen bundles, large atypical endothelial cells protruding into the lumen, and different variants of the disease.", "image_path": "dbRV3V1huXE_image_b5e5e6e2-3d83-4f39-a154-eb6b85b15a43.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_574", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiotic dermatitis can be caused by drugs, including calcium channel blockers.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_914c8f95-1309-4255-9f55-bc426d834197.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_575", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The yeast organisms can be seen in a pap smear, along with pseudohyphae formation.", "image_path": "q9ukJAY4nzg_image_1f8e0226-6b91-4d8f-a32b-009d9cfde33c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_576", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinoma can arise from different pathways, including ultraviolet light damage and Merkel cell polyomavirus.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_a7212596-7274-4a87-ae6c-18b9045ed7cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_577", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text describes the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen and how red cells enter and collect into the lumen of the venous sinus.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_578", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Example of typical endometrial hyperplasia associated with hormonal imbalance, which needs to be differentiated from premalignant precancerous lesion EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) that can progress to endometrial carcinoma.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_579", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These pink blobs are also known as apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes, cytoid bodies, savant bodies, or dyskeratotic keratinocytes, depending on the clinical disease.", "image_path": "HyOxbBmNtfw_image_6f8d6e92-95dd-4a94-b2ae-ad88849bee45.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_580", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_adc6d72e-9902-466a-a39f-549b504c5156.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_581", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue contains normal components such as epidermis, hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat glands, and connective tissue.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_32eacb1e-2764-44b5-b271-1c22a462f87b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_582", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of an organoid nevus or nevus sebaceous, which is a hamartomatous process characterized by epidermal acanthosis and loss of underlying hairs.", "image_path": "rcVWaqz8pzs_image_e7fc65a2-bffe-41e7-91a8-b96f53ed63f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_583", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of an incomplete gland with inflammatory cells and histiocytes in the lumen may indicate neoplasia or destructive nature of the tissue.", "image_path": "RE9cAnT81ZY_image_38fee60c-4d2a-434d-b071-196db3310d3f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_584", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of neutrophils and possibly a few Eosinophils in the sample.", "image_path": "gSQwemIIhlU_image_59e8ec85-fa97-4e37-a3f8-61f0a0a07c99.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "val_585", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of scattered erythrocytes in the superficial dermis can indicate real in vivo hemorrhage in the patient.", "image_path": "kaBrMU5OsFg_image_8f8510e5-500e-4af2-862d-905cbff12acb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_586", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of acellular or hyaline matrix core in the mesangium.", "image_path": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_7123f63d-0bb8-4474-a832-cc836c1ad74d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_587", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no atypicality, ruling out angiosarcoma.", "image_path": "6_t9jPZ9JoQ_image_ec5d0687-414a-4eae-b2a6-91c9bdfca9d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_588", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The duct of the gland is unbranched and made up of a mucous-secreting cell.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_7b18e97f-c4af-4223-8463-d78b8e556272.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_589", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Koilocytes are present in the slide from the cervix.", "image_path": "Qq1iEIG9A0Q_image_eb8de21d-d025-4d22-8630-130a0f0f6dba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_590", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign follicular lesions have a more prominent stroma than malignant ones.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_e4ea7d47-d8f0-4aed-93c9-0bbb3eb33aae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_591", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrative growth pattern is easily identified.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_0d2e6583-1d32-4702-ae07-b9057049c643.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_592", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endothelial cells are arranged in a stave-like pattern in the venous sinuses of the red pulp of the spleen.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_e26c12f5-6efb-467d-97c5-9646163b832c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_593", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Linear granulomas with histiocytes having frothy, loose cytoplasm", "image_path": "Mj7XDi7ckIQ_image_6fb4a651-5535-4c05-9edf-cd6be255b50b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_594", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diastase negative macrophages indicate the presence of bacilli, not glycogen.", "image_path": "rlZHQvpE_WU_image_76dcffe3-a0a9-4d4b-9fa7-6faefdea2fc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_595", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Importance of finding a dual cell population in the diagnosis of spar adenoma.", "image_path": "RQjP3A3YAOY_image_0bb05cfa-26fe-4029-a96c-3165644839df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_596", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry can help identify a larger number of Hodgkin cells compared to what can be identified with the naked eye.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_0d3aac95-2742-405e-98e9-6e4068a0b174.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_597", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Organizing fibrinous thrombi within a vessel is seen in later stages of diffuse alveolar damage.", "image_path": "lzl5Oe6Q5_Q_image_1d981366-71d8-4d1c-b5d5-bd3ed2cb6cd1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_598", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High grade dysplasia driven by high risk HPV identified as condyloma with HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_649bf4c8-82af-45b6-9318-c93eddb24946.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_599", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Well-circumscribed pseudo-encapsulated deep dermal nodule with multiple cysts.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_2491af44-0685-4ac2-9bf6-9f4480ca64fc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_600", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of normal thyroid parenchyma composed of multiple follicles of varying sizes, all lined by a single layer of bland thyroid follicular epithelium.", "image_path": "A6xPeL77nV4_image_8ee3047d-042e-41e7-a53a-d43f7b0331ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_601", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tuberous xanthomas can be associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 3 and other lipid systemic abnormalities.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_602", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The liver sample shows a bile duct with periductular glandular structures and a tubule-like structure in the lumen.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_649c39de-beb6-4f3a-b59c-392e5aa85cd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_603", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cross-sections of pilar erecti muscle or pilar muscle, eccrine glands, and subcutaneous fat are visible.", "image_path": "K8-DE3csg5k_image_695868aa-fbf8-4b9a-86db-4dfa68c10288.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_604", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The appearance of the crypts does not qualify for a sessile serrated polyp.", "image_path": "ZpCUgaNOPoc_image_55b17562-3ba4-4e4b-8afe-2c734ea4093c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_605", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Bipolar mitosis is normal in basal cells undergoing mitosis.", "image_path": "H3hLb1xj0Ew_image_e1071cc5-a420-4bc5-b92b-62496be248da.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_606", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is abrupt squamous differentiation in a specific area of the mass.", "image_path": "oCnV8-c2les_image_058e9398-f7c3-4e9b-aa58-fda2e3199dc7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_607", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Striking spongiosis or intercellular edema with intraepidermal vesicle formation.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_875665df-1fbc-4be6-922d-38597a000308.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_608", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has an inflamed and edematous stroma without much smooth muscle.", "image_path": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_609", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of heavily pigmented melanocytes with elongated spindle-shaped nuclei.", "image_path": "XRE-sih0NoI_image_6272abd6-915d-4602-824d-241c66d2bcb9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_610", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sebaceoma is the diagnosis based on the presence of well-differentiated sebocytes and bland basal cells.", "image_path": "yq2m3V0UX_s_image_77b242c6-8f18-45ed-89f2-99b0d38ba549.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_611", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Few necrotic keratinocytes within the epidermis.", "image_path": "zeBtwRXjroU_image_3ace7236-b250-4689-bfcc-8ebbbe2f5a97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_612", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells outlined in green form the acini of the pancreas and the blue arrow indicates a centroacinar cell.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_05295715-f026-4e5f-a691-c9ebbb51456e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_613", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The entire large surface area of the pancreas is fibrotic and scarred, indicating abnormality.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_547aacb7-921e-470f-bde9-c486f0cb56a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_614", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxomatous stroma without blood vessels is seen in the center of the chorionic villi, indicating immature trophoblast in the first trimester.", "image_path": "X5S7nxrH0rE_image_366913ee-05f0-436b-b39b-35acd0edacbe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_615", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemangioma, also known as intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, is a unique pattern of organizing thrombus where a large thrombus in a vessel makes papillary structures and interconnected channels.", "image_path": "t4ci0I29xfg_image_f6ae0da5-d224-41d9-b38d-9572c6514085.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_616", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "HMB45 stain is weakly positive in some cells, but overall negative.", "image_path": "u99YIPu-YAY_image_b966dcb3-f06c-4e5b-8651-319834fceb46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_617", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cholestasis is a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion or obstruction of bile flow through intra or extra hepatic bile ducts.", "image_path": "68Wg1EWolIs_image_e0158c0d-1493-4279-b887-75f56215242f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Renal']", "id": "val_618", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The myoepithelial component has taken on a spindle cell morphology, which may not give a hint of the biphasic appearance of the neoplasm.", "image_path": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_bd9a68a4-2ca1-439d-9bd9-a916e3628b60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_619", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Chronic rejection can occur after repeated episodes of acute cellular rejection and is characterized by almost no inflammatory infiltrate.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_5bbcd240-a309-449a-9f27-349323fcb604.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_620", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate with papillary edema, mainly consisting of lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils.", "image_path": "hnMZ-XWjOqo_image_3a7b7085-ec2f-45b5-bbbc-736a4bf7f34f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_621", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a benign nevus.", "image_path": "DPNfNuU_49I_image_e96ab633-d6cc-4ffa-9830-9ea7094044cc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_622", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Strong nuclear signal or reactivity with beta-catenin is indicative of these tumors.", "image_path": "TuqEpNQft0s_image_d2f49968-b969-4bc5-9b1c-cb57c32d439b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_623", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lovular closely conscribed architecture resembling a sebaceous gland.", "image_path": "gGHXOmmdBqM_image_24126481-ec08-4be7-bc23-df36130d68ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_624", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Kupfer cells and Ito cells are found in the perisinusoidal space, with Kupfer cells also found directly in the sinusoids and are typical macrophages.", "image_path": "Z2_nXBl3sUQ_image_8d2eb548-26e4-4e78-bbbf-aa35fc68efa1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatobiliary', 'Renal']", "id": "val_625", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of multiple hairs in the cyst.", "image_path": "6qDbOBaxwt0_image_679733bb-65a8-496b-83cd-4ce0e439ec3d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_626", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Overlying dermal inflammation is also considered.", "image_path": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_8fd32512-8cc3-4b8d-ad64-0b8904a707a1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_627", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibroblast foci are part of the temporal heterogeneity seen in the UIP pattern.", "image_path": "priLAZ3e4ac_image_10033e7d-4d89-4a0d-a881-64dd99186829.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Rheumatology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_628", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver with haphazardly, irregularly growing, infiltrating glands and large bizarre nuclei.", "image_path": "VKkYkjkfYsc_image_2430815c-75a2-4131-a1d2-cd5ed69adcb6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_629", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Portal triads are located at the corners of the classic liver lobule.", "image_path": "0rReFf6LGvc_image_f5880f6e-135c-4b25-af73-b4ad9a366127.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_630", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hodgkin's disease is an uncommon but possible lymphomatous lesion in the GI tract, presenting as a mucosal ulceration with a mixed infiltrate.", "image_path": "SyMiaUFpQTA_image_a1ed0f2b-1d92-4e3a-b7dc-78cfe4d8a09e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_631", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Focal keratinization in small cell carcinoma may warrant a NUT immunohistochemical stain.", "image_path": "EKpPF02Ci6o_image_1e8ae1b6-d0b0-4e58-ae64-d31070741e58.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_632", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have cleared cytoplasm and are resting on a basal lamina, which is thickened in some areas.", "image_path": "91bmJtttGW0_image_61d0d2ee-1850-4a3e-9910-1cc21ea0a2d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_633", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The clear cells may be related to the thickness of the skin in the area and may resemble a neoplasm.", "image_path": "lutlNGVXViU_image_58ad65f9-6498-46f5-b3a9-fad4d78bf7bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_634", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichoblastomas are mostly found on the face and scalp and present as asymptomatic papules or plaques.", "image_path": "FRc68vRHiqY_image_97615b70-cfc2-4ddb-b2b2-e79b00b88caf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Infectious disease', 'Lichen striatus']", "id": "val_635", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cases of carcinoma arising from recurrent pleomorphic adenoma are less common, around 10-15%.", "image_path": "mCVPz2FEBYs_image_97e1a0dd-ebdc-4499-b01a-558f3371104d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_636", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is no suggestion of flat epithelial atypia.", "image_path": "wZY_ksquLFM_image_6967d981-8697-4ad4-a240-08da5ee622c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_637", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The histopathological features of the non-cystic lesions include large histiocytes with pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with pale chromatin and prominent central nucleoli.", "image_path": "KknwmereLfw_image_00e967f1-81bc-4217-b71c-129ae150d30c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_638", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a xenophilic aggregate at the dermal-epidermal junction.", "image_path": "SBuwwbZ9Jyw_image_a8f1c676-25fd-42a1-9314-58215b2a4f86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_639", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of necrosis in an astrocytic tumor without further molecular testing is classified as glioblastoma, not otherwise specified.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_095293af-c5f4-4c77-a3e2-cdc37de1f907.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_640", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Anterior pituitary, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis are identified.", "image_path": "Yc8MLdSJM_8_image_d003ac64-f4b9-4a25-ab3f-4a0db5dab3f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_641", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lacks prominent cribriform architecture", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_642", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plasma cells produce immunoglobulin/antibodies and have a distinct appearance with a clock face nucleus and perinuclear pink halo.", "image_path": "sYI3B7QM3-o_image_d4efae0e-c831-4393-bc4f-bbd436e8bee9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_643", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor cells are present within the blood vessels.", "image_path": "CHU-464bph8_image_609263b9-f985-4311-8c3c-d63193dc880c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_644", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Reported as nevus sebaceus with a variety of background benign adnexal tumors.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_645", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is HER2 positive and tends to be high grade (grades two to three).", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_7f8af3ec-89ab-410f-809f-d96825359a52.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_646", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Curvilinear bodies can be seen in NCLs and AVMs.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_6fc02e43-a914-48e8-a0e6-3c4dac19976d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_647", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is malignant due to its depth of involvement, rather than atypia.", "image_path": "Gd9tT0hRGoo_image_0c74d592-c12d-4ede-83f4-7eb456d5c016.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_648", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proliferative endometrial glands may be dilated and irregular, but no atypical epithelial component is found between them.", "image_path": "WWFUVgYBBXA_image_61e0d718-3414-4a5d-b6a1-49f141099008.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_649", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Coarse sarcoplasmic inclusions and protein aggregates can also be seen.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_cc5efb91-2745-4c8d-9ffa-29107753d5e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_650", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of free-floating fragments of cystic tissue that may be lining of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.", "image_path": "JVBc_5I4EZE_image_f2bd296a-869c-4450-a752-19edc0ab88c6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_651", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The bronchiole does not have alveoli opening in the wall, making it a terminal bronchiole.", "image_path": "708OpQqoxm4_image_d8fd4cc5-6ef7-4f04-8437-847eefd83ff5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_652", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of the differential diagnosis of palisaded granulomatous dermatitis with material in the center, including rheumatoid nodule and amyloid.", "image_path": "rcLvZrTef1M_image_4f442c22-79b1-4ae9-8703-c805a9d3e401.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_653", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nuclei are enlarged and have prominent polarity, indicating a high grade lesion, likely a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor IPMN.", "image_path": "WxyBAh4GwnQ_image_f7a7cc61-058b-48e6-ae63-ced6ed426296.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_654", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The carcinoma is invasive and growing in and around the parotid tissue.", "image_path": "7J7eUOOvxH0_image_c79d9abe-b16f-49a2-92e3-c8ca30ee67ba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_655", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solitary fibrous tumor is a tumor with branching vessels that are often called hemangiopericytoma vessels.", "image_path": "ZbFY0Bi0lGM_image_a515a00a-7aa7-4513-b923-bab6a154d897.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_656", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "X-ray and clinical history support the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma.", "image_path": "5IK1K2Tz9JQ_image_5dd3c930-eeee-4a61-a8f8-cfacd555e914.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_657", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MRCP is helpful in identifying residual bile ducts and assessing for lack of bile ducts in PBC.", "image_path": "TpYikXO-DfM_image_52674956-cf8d-4501-ae39-30455bf90b7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_658", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney is associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.", "image_path": "R2Cs-StYFxg_image_1c7cf05a-3852-46aa-a430-d69f8ca383e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_659", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of villus type architecture in some tissues.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_660", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is dense fibrosis with cystically dilated bases lined by metaplastic bronchial cells.", "image_path": "U6Xd7HfDLJM_image_deb1e124-e63d-44c7-bab8-3c2b1fe34a42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_661", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes are disintegrated, swollen, degenerate, and sometimes necrotic.", "image_path": "5xeelNesrz8_image_9284be38-d589-45fe-aa0b-8a1cdb80f9a6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hepatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_662", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Needle biopsies of the pancreas done transabdominally with radiographic localization techniques can result in preserved architecture of the tissue.", "image_path": "kk_2426UA4Y_image_78366c87-60e6-48fb-9d74-2d0d184f19b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_663", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This area is identified as a yolk sac tumor, which may be associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_514ac373-6ef7-45b6-9e8f-d36e812ea96a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_664", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid cells are present in the blood vessel wall.", "image_path": "GaAnTPUdHno_image_790253bd-0093-44a4-8994-0bd02c89535f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_665", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is fibrosis and sclerosis in the observed area, with a decrease in the number of fibroblasts and thickened, scarred-like collagen bundles.", "image_path": "VmNefp9z2co_image_4af3e41d-b8eb-4a9a-94b5-4c80af71e1f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_666", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient is on antimetabolites which are severely impacting the regenerative capacity of her bowel crypts.", "image_path": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_667", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Univaculated signet ring cells or bivaculated cells may be present in myxoid liposarcoma.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_45864fc5-fc4d-43ce-9eaf-11fb62ba0054.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_668", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Vacuolation artifact can be seen in keratinocytes, but a large nucleus with pale nuclear chromatin and nucleoli is indicative of koilocyte or HPV effect in skin.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_8c78db15-380d-423a-8624-c2aec454af34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_669", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor should not be assumed in every tumor with inflammation and spindle cells.", "image_path": "7Dl_bofTYYs_image_cecd9177-4a07-4b7e-98fb-09ba129b83e9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_670", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Kaposi sarcoma spindle cells have uniform and monotonous nuclei that are usually not pleomorphic, which can make it difficult to distinguish from non-malignant neoplasms.", "image_path": "7S4Co_tGVEI_image_21741b31-ad69-4ee5-86df-fd9ea2f70d7b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_671", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The absence of tumor in the adjacent pancreas suggests that this is true intravasation.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_672", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma in situ with a differential diagnosis of basosquamous carcinoma.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_e4fdee33-99a1-40e0-bd6b-d2bb6c668f10.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_673", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a spindle cell lipoma in the muscle of facial expression.", "image_path": "21Z8jaua_2s_image_b86b1a11-0eac-4ed8-9ae9-ec6501d510d2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_674", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells with pink cytoplasm can mimic sweat gland tumors, including hidradenoma.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_212d2b89-c98e-4014-9c83-f572fbfb4b0b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_675", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is a benign angiofibroma or fibrous papule.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_6e0da7b5-745f-4081-8ecb-ccc5e72efdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_676", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is follicular lymphoma based on the biopsy with classic findings.", "image_path": "RdLv4BcZjig_image_e441fcd9-5394-42e7-8246-eb498af35566.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_677", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The surface of the gastric glands is lined by surface mucus cells that secrete protective mucus.", "image_path": "GQ9Bk66N890_image_3d8ef007-9887-4fc6-b630-ec4068d1df0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "val_678", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mainly mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes are present, with little acute inflammation.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_96698523-c052-49f3-bfec-e18524e30e9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_679", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy shows bizarre atypical cells, which may indicate a cancerous lesion.", "image_path": "6_t9jPZ9JoQ_image_a91f98fb-3228-44cc-ba63-2f0aa68c10a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_680", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible diagnosis of desmoplastic trichilemmoma or basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_19c55729-9820-425d-b6ea-9f0894bb20c8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_681", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has an endometriotic cyst and possibly an endometrioid adenofibroma in one ovary, while the other ovary appears more solid and potentially concerning.", "image_path": "8fTgJJDIX7s_image_32d06d5e-d7e1-4402-8988-10ebf7f8b3d9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_682", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The endometrium has closely spaced, smaller glands that begin to become more closed and compacted together, with heaped up epithelium indicating the beginnings of solid growth.", "image_path": "CPEHaiIwVws_image_3b092349-49c0-4b71-acd3-b32ad3de7eec.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_683", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The capsule, trabeculae, and medullary sinuses are visible in the lymph node.", "image_path": "5TbsCm-s3DM_image_012a0b90-b13a-41ed-a8e6-afc951820787.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_684", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cholestasis is present in alcoholic hepatitis.", "image_path": "vFAxsN2TkeY_image_1b60e80c-0fdc-469d-b5f2-ba4ae16481e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_685", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stain options for diagnosis are SOX10 or S100, both of which are broad neural crest markers that are nonspecific but highly sensitive.", "image_path": "TQi0ey23-bM_image_10224d81-2e30-4126-a320-ac50b9b3ddce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_686", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The pigment in pigmented neurofibromas is melanin and these cells potentially stay with melanocytic markers.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_687", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sparse lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_688", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A significant proportion of juvenile polyps show erosions on the surface.", "image_path": "9VZwn5a8qnw_image_d6dd7775-aad9-4430-8637-fe7f2ae0ab7f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_689", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of various structures including capillaries, endothelial cells, fat cells, smooth muscle, arterioles, intima, media, and adventitial tissue.", "image_path": "Y32nKIhMzCg_image_04db2c5e-7344-4266-bd63-1388155ab51e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Pulmonary', 'Renal']", "id": "val_690", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Compensatory increase in enterochromaffin-like cell leads to ECL cell hyperplasia.", "image_path": "bGoqGj6hkIM_image_5fb58728-e067-4d26-9fc4-5c3f19790090.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_691", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiosis involving the epidermis and adjacent follicular infundibular epithelium with extension of lymphocytes and neutrophils into widened intercellular spaces is seen.", "image_path": "VcEIJRlM9-k_image_677c5516-03ff-4f57-b53a-9f4ca1a2e16c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_692", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of segmental necrotizing lesion in a portion of the glomerulus.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_d9673263-da15-4c74-982b-d43a2fb44a84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_693", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmin expression is sometimes seen in myofibroblastoma, mammary myofibroblastoma, spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma tumors.", "image_path": "uAyORtxPlEo_image_4df97701-41c8-4761-9234-10f52c79cb2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_694", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cervical gland has a mucosin-secreting type of simple columnar epithelium.", "image_path": "CN_yM03T4l4_image_de0d5d21-9d6f-41d6-947e-b8d159fe672f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Renal']", "id": "val_695", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The hidrocystoma does not appear to have a red basement membrane zone, but does have dark gray and paler gray cells similar to a cylindroma.", "image_path": "Qe4oBGFx-PU_image_8dba0fea-3500-43cf-be9b-4544c717101d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_696", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Other cells in the section are also active in the synthesis of thyroglobulin.", "image_path": "t6-iVUgPWA4_image_3049b321-5416-4e4b-adc4-a421661aa8b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Neuropathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_697", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a distinctive fibroblastic sarcoma.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_30f8f965-d268-46c3-8db7-7f60860ad1e7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_698", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hemorrhage and fibrin platelet thrombus in superficial vessels, corresponding to the endoscopic appearance of erythema.", "image_path": "9qb3vVbgzB4_image_d7a4b73f-d0f0-4e6e-ba0a-40cf2ad3430a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_699", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The discussed case is of pleomorphic lipoma, which is on a spectrum with spindle cell lipoma and is caused by a deletion of RB1 on 13Q or sometimes 16Q.", "image_path": "BtKAqg40uls_image_b153ddea-2f8e-4745-ab68-d5f503b3b140.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_700", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongiotic dermatitis pattern is commonly seen in drug-induced skin reactions.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_cce4ea60-2c7f-4749-a001-e6c32aa8445d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_701", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis, a type of fungal infection.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_a1a77afb-620f-4ed5-9432-ff89f4ca8203.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_702", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of neutrophils is not necessarily indicative of the discussed condition.", "image_path": "8eNibsTDFMg_image_8d1f317c-2c54-46df-aaac-3be22bbb4639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_703", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "NR4A3 is a surrogate IHC marker used in soft tissue tumors.", "image_path": "F_rDyZfkGO0_image_69a2d570-1f2e-4e87-bf14-b1cdc8a7bded.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_704", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ossifying fibroma tumors typically have bone ossification, with a layer of peripheral bone around the central tumor. Most tumors have an indolent behavior but can recur locally, with rare atypical and malignant forms.", "image_path": "iOmgObcs59o_image_7cfe5548-b04c-4bf5-a179-b29a9d98b436.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_705", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desmoplastic melanoma can clinically resemble a scar or alopecia.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_2e9c0dfc-5e27-448a-a18d-bf95678326e2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_706", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma in situ is present in the epidermis.", "image_path": "7y836etUsoo_image_baf38e45-ce12-47c9-b3ca-2103850c7387.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_707", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibrovascular cores are present and lined by malignant cells.", "image_path": "B6bngJck9EE_image_a2c9fb7d-f25f-4f03-8d8d-da7e644a07ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_708", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of myoepithelial layer indicates a benign condition.", "image_path": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_709", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of blueish mucin and collagen in between spindle cells.", "image_path": "7AKAeO0mMVM_image_2dab908a-159f-45fa-8b6f-747e7d91b312.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_710", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of dense lymphoid tissue in the lung suggests a tumor rather than inflammation.", "image_path": "mA9tPgm8-f8_image_0caf582a-cf67-4611-8d57-6d4345749edd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_711", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have a follicular pattern and interstitial wavy cells that resemble juvenile granulosa cells.", "image_path": "TgsVDIwfv3o_image_20e07f48-b5b3-4246-98c6-66f23ed652ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_712", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of eczema, characterized by acanthosis spongiosis and vesicles.", "image_path": "QjiWcNrwnl4_image_9547c15c-2b4b-459c-8327-99d972745788.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_713", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Positive staining of cells with CK7 and Hepar, which is helpful in making a diagnosis.", "image_path": "2mPUluEbyLQ_image_b17a555d-01c4-423b-9cda-3e84450a575c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatobiliary', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_714", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The narrator is discussing the difficulty in determining if something has ducts, and how in MAC, a deep enough biopsy or excision can reveal obvious duct differentiation. MAC is a cancer that usually does not have much cytologic atypia and looks similar to normal eccrine sweat ducts or cells in a desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. Immunostains can be used to differentiate between these conditions, with cytokeratin 20 being the most helpful. Cytokeratin 20 highlights scattered cells in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and many other benign hair follicle processes, but usually lacks those cells in basal cell carcinoma and MAC. The scattered cytokeratin 20-positive cells are actually normal Merkel cells.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_5ea56935-9417-41fc-9223-1eb903831bf4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_715", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is GFAP, Olig2, and ATRX negative, with loss of nuclear stain and mutant P53, indicating a diffuse midline glioma, possibly H3G34 mutant grade 4.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_63bb0c55-4f02-4a4e-9efe-d775eba72122.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_716", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The histopathological features of Case 8 include a normal stratum corneum and epidermis, but with vacuolar interface dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_717", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cancer cells are infiltrating through normal brain structures, making it difficult to remove all cancer cells without compromising important brain functions.", "image_path": "wx1RM1NHnUA_image_650685cb-3c09-4dff-8a08-54253245a00e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_718", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphoid aggregates are uncommon and not a significant indicator of chronic endometritis.", "image_path": "Wfi2LhyV2fY_image_faeff163-9b9f-4031-b4fb-ab8cef68a7aa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_719", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Fibers of skeletal muscle and ducts of Weber's gland present in palatine tonsil.", "image_path": "UvsVvCC0W0U_image_3d7419ca-299a-4aae-9c33-f820023340e6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_720", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and spider cells, which are helpful for diagnosis.", "image_path": "yVoYAm78wGw_image_eee0aa2d-b256-46ab-a23e-18abd1d82bb4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_721", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ballooning degeneration can be caused by viral, irritant, photodermatitis, and nutritional factors.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_911697f5-66ae-49b5-9bde-2382dd7c57d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_722", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It is important to remember that adrenal rest is not a spindle cell tumor and should not be diagnosed as malignant based on its small size.", "image_path": "uWvq43IsfSc_image_544df297-f3ee-41cd-99c8-46c60adee544.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Genitourinary', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_723", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Benign phenomenon of sloughed sperm and epithelium coalescing in hydrocele or spermatoceles", "image_path": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_1374d5e5-a83b-4bec-9d9b-c55377a2481d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_724", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and giant cells are present in the nose.", "image_path": "JDgqG00hpdw_image_e6a90d60-589a-4dd8-945c-2f49a927cdc4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_725", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis can be added to the differential diagnosis.", "image_path": "Pg7sAi7NzsY_image_74634f95-461b-4bb5-a43c-1767aa542f05.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_726", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of different types of myeloid precursor cells at different stages of maturation, including myelocytes, blasts, and basophils, is indicative of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).", "image_path": "kvI661vPmi8_image_9dabc79d-17f8-4212-a1e5-e0b7aeda62a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_727", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The main differential diagnosis for DFSP is a neural neoplasm, which shows a thumbprint pattern of staining with CD34.", "image_path": "S3lJesZT6M0_image_03b2a166-0981-44eb-b2c7-9b0f8c8546e1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_728", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Likely a special site nevus on the breast, not melanoma.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_729", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hepatocytes in a normal liver are often binucleated.", "image_path": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_e4515178-c6fb-450d-b43b-560f29cfcb4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_730", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemical findings showed different immunophenotype in columnar areas near the base compared to poorly differentiated solid areas.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_484af07d-9b6a-4e64-a1eb-c59535f5e5bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_731", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical nevi in sun-damaged skin on the head and neck of older individuals may be a sign of melanoma.", "image_path": "Iw_dUC1TMfk_image_42ad98a6-be23-42ea-9f8e-2554f825dc8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_732", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with multiple similar lesions may have neurofibromatosis type 1.", "image_path": "iyr3D0QQMVI_image_d51af3ae-f3ef-42a1-af74-de20da2eda51.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_733", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of spermatogenesis and the appearance of primary and secondary spermatocytes and early spermatids.", "image_path": "PV5ADdZ3PMg_image_28c5775d-4b3d-405e-8bfd-910b11ff5b46.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_734", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Mitotic figure and disc keratosis are present.", "image_path": "WawdMN6EKgY_image_673ba133-363c-463c-92fd-dd62fb63a5eb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_735", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is granuloma faciale, a nodular dermatitis and form of vasculitis.", "image_path": "KWV5frhFcQs_image_a754b883-e0b2-403c-934a-247e97a346e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_736", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are necrotic keratinocytes or Civatte bodies, lichen planus, superficial vascular infiltrate, and papillary dermal fibrosis present.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_df9b1e61-1077-4cc8-b804-5db97c82241c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_737", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Paneth cells are characteristically located at the base of the crypts of the small intestine and secrete enzymes with antimicrobial action.", "image_path": "JTKsCAuXkes_image_7e915a02-04e4-4cec-95ab-e0dcb80dc2e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_738", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is mainly composed of basal cells, with little sebaceous differentiation.", "image_path": "gzBCVBImLr8_image_5ed84a54-2dc3-474b-b43b-3e780648fe1c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_739", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pagetoid spread at the periphery of the lesion is abnormal and atypical.", "image_path": "Lzuy_H6eFio_image_e6afc7ab-8166-483a-847c-c7f40e1039dd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_740", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor is very undifferentiated with a wide variation in size and shape of cells.", "image_path": "3Op83SL7giE_image_81090374-40ce-451a-aa53-7737eca0495b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hepatocellular', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_741", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Comparison of the characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma to the observed features of the tumor, including absence of an epithelioid phenotype and lack of brown pigment production.", "image_path": "6KAsedOyORw_image_eb9f1aee-d5a8-47e8-ac69-af3a828843f6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_742", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of duodenal coccidioidomycosis with marked intraepithelial lymphocytes and complete villous atrophy.", "image_path": "THhvSJzWEvw_image_98d7547d-4402-4af6-8565-4afcc37e88de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_743", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Schiller-Dublin bodies are indicative of endodermal sinus pattern.", "image_path": "fxtuX_CrQt0_image_de5b4834-449b-4784-a870-ede2dfb3a205.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_744", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Dermal fibrosis and cellularity in the upper reticular dermis, which represents small-caliber blood vessels and a vascular proliferation. These findings are compatible with stasis changes.", "image_path": "BiQPiolpP0A_image_b931ed57-6e0f-43af-9a91-c2a456abade6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_745", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelial hyperplasia is diagnosed when there is an increase in the number of cell layers beyond the normal two layers.", "image_path": "s3Z7LeQk2ho_image_06940fff-641b-4770-9e1c-d5e54cfd1ab8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_746", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of in situ lesion arising in a dilated sweat duct, with evidence of an invasive component arising from this precursor.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_0441d357-9b23-4bd2-9859-117c087bcbb8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_747", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium seen in the lesion is gastric pit type.", "image_path": "w8-rcw7kQ40_image_353f6ade-5bd0-4792-a8a1-2999b47b1f42.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_748", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of intracellular and intercellular eosinophilic globules.", "image_path": "B0BKZdvlSfo_image_4703531b-4fe5-4acd-8a18-9cbb1e78646c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_749", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The permanent sections show areas of necrosis, large cells with clear cytoplasm, high-grade nuclear, and some apoptosis, confirming the high-grade malignant nature of the tumor.", "image_path": "3G4WxT1tVQg_image_3feeece6-f2ca-49d2-a5f3-6b258d35f10b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_750", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Enterocytes are the most numerous cells and have microvilli on their apex, which are covered by glycocalyx.", "image_path": "yzUuyMbmpcs_image_9ead9a2e-1776-4a40-9164-936a9808183a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_751", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor has eccentric and central aspects, and appears to be a well-contained proliferation located in the central part of the biopsy.", "image_path": "r8Uxu6j1u4s_image_63af81e1-a832-4e7e-8128-fcc897dabae3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_752", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a circumscribed tumor in the lacrimal gland with a fibrous rim and lobulated pattern.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_1ca5bc62-d752-4e71-92ed-27b84605e6d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_753", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Radial scars have central necrosis, which is not seen in this case.", "image_path": "IxeBkh6Wj6g_image_8d1b3284-0ef7-4c39-b9cb-7b39169bcebe.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_754", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Merkel cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that can be differentiated from tumors from other sites using TTF1 and neuroendocrine stains like synaptophysin and chromogranin. Physical characteristics of the tumor include smudgy blue cells with multiple nuclei and no palisading or stroma.", "image_path": "klP3muDrdf8_image_1003b4af-8c82-4e90-aa46-8d95690e9e97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_755", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma is fibrotic.", "image_path": "TtDybWR85jg_image_c7918470-f603-4018-96bc-114da3845a26.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_756", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "One branch of the tubule is made up of epithelial cells.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_0fdb6802-764b-497a-b512-75847b2df4c0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_757", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CD34 can be used to stain the basal layer of this tumor, which imitates the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.", "image_path": "5ixizaXVYS4_image_d3b4f43c-ba89-4fde-9951-56a315553aca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_758", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High triglyceride levels in patients with eruptive xanthomas cause lipid to leak out into the surrounding dermis.", "image_path": "_8VJ0YHFSS0_image_fab99a65-8f2c-44fc-959c-ae753682e82b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_759", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is surrounded by plump fibroblasts and osteoclast-like giant cells.", "image_path": "5vANdy1vVYc_image_a98c2a19-145b-430b-b039-589ab9e20b1a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_760", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Some of the tubular casts are filled with finely granular material that stains for lysozyme, and adjacent tubular epithelium also shows staining.", "image_path": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_c909f61f-4730-4aed-8f3f-59b2e2df0d5c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_761", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a pilar cyst with a proliferation of the lining, which can sometimes be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_dbd36132-905f-40f5-81ea-85988490d5db.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_762", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Holes or vacuoles in mycosis fungoides are occupied by lymphocytes.", "image_path": "CvcUyOzkvN8_image_2fdca5cd-6d5f-4c21-9a46-c7e6d6286794.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_763", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The speaker is discussing lichen planopilaris (LPP), which can cause lichenoid dermatitis at the DEJ (dermoepidermal junction).", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_764", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyaline fat necrosis is present.", "image_path": "-FEdNoJWSKk_image_776439ff-a06e-480d-acb1-9a948b05117a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_765", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Homer Wright neuroblastoma lacks a lumen and has a central tangle of neurofilaments.", "image_path": "1qpNpM5ut1Y_image_39119423-a466-4417-b803-55eb91fc9d59.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_766", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lungs appear fibrotic and have more scar tissue than air spaces.", "image_path": "AgD81JlEBBM_image_541a715b-6e94-4f9a-ae82-ea7a01e44f2d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_767", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The islands of cartilage in synovial chondromatosis have a tendency for chondrocytes to cluster together in small groups.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_7edfef5a-b228-4312-b70f-ed57c9ac6060.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_768", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytoplasm is amphiphilic and can be acidophilic and myoid-like in some areas.", "image_path": "tLRt68kUhHo_image_9154eb6c-da27-4238-80cf-42e5921c0b8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_769", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Infiltrative growth pattern is rare in these nodules.", "image_path": "YkO40KHFYTg_image_3db7d84a-b0ea-4c37-91f3-d9894ea98c15.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_770", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The spleen has a capsule made of dense irregular connective tissue, which contains myofibroblasts.", "image_path": "RZCejVnirAo_image_f8ecf050-14b6-4014-92bb-501d3272333e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Renal', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_771", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Eosinophils climbing up and within the epidermis are a clue to a blistering disorder, with more eosinophils present in the urticarial stage of a blistering disorder than in allergic contact dermatitis.", "image_path": "1H80iJfl654_image_2b1179d1-acfd-4242-abf2-1dbba9e786ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_772", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic infiltrate with scattered eosinophils.", "image_path": "pdQk2vx1Dtw_image_e6aa7874-e419-4367-b948-456ee037a8f5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_773", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No significant cytologic difference between the normal and abnormal cells, which do not appear pre-neoplastic or potentially neoplastic.", "image_path": "VJ5zqIhrEJg_image_e9b0627a-0f84-4010-a00f-04f0a2f67f41.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Breast pathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_774", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Small cells with abundant cytoplasm and spindle nuclei.", "image_path": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_775", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Underlying cells disappear when a lesion becomes invasive.", "image_path": "kpkdsProuVM_image_2ff1a725-bd61-44e5-8f9e-389afe7c0cd2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_776", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hyaline type material in the tumor.", "image_path": "YU6uGX9nsDg_image_e9685008-88ef-4b83-a672-a2c58d72da86.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_777", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells in the image are basal and blue, resembling a potential sebaceoma, which is a benign sebaceous tumor.", "image_path": "Ub9LprieU1A_image_254ac4eb-b2c4-4e01-822f-6c32a49ce8d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_778", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neutrophils and eosinophils are present in dermatitis herpetiformis.", "image_path": "tmIl2DljO14_image_97d1ff39-65db-4d88-a51a-7e64789da99f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_779", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hailey Hailey disease is negative for immunofluorescence.", "image_path": "SfSjGJtaN7Q_image_366b6f79-7ee8-4bfe-96b0-4663a0ebc7b1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_780", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "D differentiated liposarcoma has the ability to produce a wide variety of morphologic patterns and unusual heterologous components.", "image_path": "raPhEEhL8Ws_image_38b50799-4541-4c9c-906f-00690612e0ae.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_781", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spongy appearance next to the olivary nucleus with preservation of neurons in between, possibly the cuneate nucleus.", "image_path": "-EUCyvoJGhg_image_1739a96d-eb68-4617-a04d-92d26b478fad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_782", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of purple and calcium in a tumor is evidence of osteoid production, which is a hallmark feature of osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "1WuhaGCtj4k_image_75945fa7-39f7-42a1-8c8a-903369f249de.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_783", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Psoriasiform acanthosis is present but it is not psoriasis.", "image_path": "_Kbhp0sF07I_image_77141308-dd2e-4c9a-bf0b-9f18676bb21d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_784", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor necrosis and increased mitotic activity in differentiated high grade papillary thyroid carcinoma.", "image_path": "CCCaep6_X8Y_image_8de18731-fced-4b5a-b357-52ded820d6be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_785", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Osteoclasts are the only cells that can eat bone, and are activated by impulses and cytokines from tumors to cause osteolytic lesions.", "image_path": "w4c6TWt7Wbo_image_7688d478-c3a8-4854-a49f-68bb8de7e700.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_786", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor described is a variant of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, genetically identical to it.", "image_path": "gslxpM8tZjI_image_27140f7f-59c3-44d5-9ab3-c0997230f105.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_787", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is evidence of neural invasion, but the nuclei are not highly pleomorphic and there is not much anaplasia, indicating a low grade lesion or tumor.", "image_path": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_75d66010-79ac-4c40-9c90-1bef19050646.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_788", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Synovium is composed of histiocytes with pink cytoplasm that are packed together but not in a tight layer.", "image_path": "bhAdg0NfxW4_image_8373b3ff-066d-42a5-a0cf-76dbae620b4b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_789", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acute allergic interstitial nephritis can occur in patients with a history of exposure to allergens, most commonly drugs.", "image_path": "rNKX-r-lQC8_image_06f8745e-7b18-4bd9-aac2-d7e95de548c9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Renal', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_790", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Patients with tuberous xanthomas have a risk of peripheral vascular disease.", "image_path": "-DrveYG8zic_image_edeaec48-ca46-4480-97fb-bf0fab0d857c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_791", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma and infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "urGbWAv1cLM_image_f490998f-b4d2-4c8e-9655-6bc05f89a18e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_792", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The absence of tumor in the adjacent pancreas suggests that this is true intravasation.", "image_path": "pcdtnCxSJ1I_image_a656c463-e39e-42c3-ad6d-8914ca6177bc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pancreatic', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_793", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Prominent nucleoli is not a feature of high-grade categorization.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_10b07d8e-de12-4e73-9ba7-b08beae341f2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_794", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an accompanying infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_795", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The melanocytes in the tumor are large with a lot of cytoplasm and somewhat uniform.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_312a1de8-0c2c-42ce-b8d0-b0289b888f90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_796", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spindle cell melanomas have some cells that look more epithelioid and may have nested architecture in fascicles.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_d836c00f-33bd-4321-9ad4-0bb1e4b07505.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_797", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclear pleomorphism alone is not enough to diagnose malignant transformation of a neurofibroma.", "image_path": "5szCMG1EIAs_image_4f6f7384-7f8b-4a15-903f-4321e4821b8f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_798", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_bd3975cc-8d2a-43c5-8d56-669034e955b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_799", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an expanded zone in the papillary dermis, which may be due to reactive fibrosis or tangential sectioning.", "image_path": "dm_26tFAtg4_image_e34c1df7-e03d-4952-9bb6-f651124a026d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_800", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of robust, well-formed granulomas may indicate infection instead of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.", "image_path": "LK-LXzolx0w_image_71ce0a50-2757-491b-b65a-3c24e6e37ed5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Infection']", "id": "val_801", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of pink globule formation and readily apparent mitotic activity in a tumor with atypia and brisk mitotic rate.", "image_path": "vw9jnfWtEzQ_image_0b828169-a606-4303-b3e7-93eb6ce7d165.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Gynecologic', 'Renal']", "id": "val_802", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "DCIS of papillary type", "image_path": "yAXR7oNll68_image_31dc776f-09cb-4d5a-9b89-3f328cbd2c18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_803", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of fibrinoid necrosis in a specific area.", "image_path": "USHKbulujic_image_d9673263-da15-4c74-982b-d43a2fb44a84.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_804", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pronounced atypia is present on the surface in some areas.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_ad6dfa98-0406-45c3-baaf-b7b11834ceb5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_805", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Giant cells are present in the lesion.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_a4bdea91-b93e-4da7-a0cb-557ff5a71ade.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_806", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Usually an underlying compound or obvious nevus is present in the dermis.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_807", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There is an infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_050a4e7b-c4f9-4d93-b57b-15e1287097d0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_808", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Multinucleated ugly cells with a floret-like arrangement are a useful clue for identifying pleomorphic lipomas.", "image_path": "IyQQNjYRGlY_image_f989ac1c-f65d-46f6-b53c-8b9b7673bb72.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_809", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Concentric calcifications are visible in the sample.", "image_path": "O42BERDcgqo_image_d3e3b103-d7a3-4cbc-8251-f074183a45bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Head and Neck', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_810", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These stains are helpful in differentiating between inflammatory myopathies, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and inclusion body myositis.", "image_path": "KrkUXgL6Me8_image_9a58797d-d0e2-4378-bd9f-2a9199c81217.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Muscle pathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_811", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myxoid chondrosarcoma can be slow growing but persistent and can metastasize years after diagnosis.", "image_path": "TixBdGRUCoY_image_3900c56f-66d2-4abc-b0f6-c38fdc8677ad.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_812", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "High grade dysplasia is present in the squamous epithelium and some endocervical glands.", "image_path": "p9p-WtrP62I_image_e8fe69f3-dc65-4b40-b39d-7cdb55c3b782.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_813", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atretic follicles can be at any stage of development, including antral stage.", "image_path": "YYyq1Ewnc3M_image_f3531db6-c45b-4079-8ec3-2ab56d9d70b9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_814", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tuberous xanthomas are associated with serum lipid abnormalities.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_81973c04-dbf4-417c-9bb7-0dad20410f1b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_815", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Characteristic features of alcohol fixation include hemolysis, which is visible under high power.", "image_path": "cozARb39Jl0_image_82808afb-2dc7-4d9c-8f74-5d0c14ed166f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_816", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solitary Fibrous Tumor is a translocation tumor with low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk variants.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_0bb0a0f3-46f8-4408-afc5-6db1952e7b18.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_817", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Visual examination of a virtual slide showing glomeruli and tubules/interstitium, with nodular glomerulosclerosis present.", "image_path": "Jh2Vx7XdNrU_image_713acef2-55b3-45e3-8701-24703cde912b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Cardiac', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_818", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Subdiaphragmatic involvement with involvement of abdominal lymph nodes is a common presentation of mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_ce08822c-e7cf-4827-b1ae-2bfa25274c27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_819", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of different types of neuroendocrine carcinomas and their molecular and immunosteochemical features. Mention of RB loss and its potential use in classification.", "image_path": "Y9ifskLvSgE_image_acc3a583-aea5-4a87-aeef-f8c918d4ebd4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Infectious disease', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_820", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse sheet-like pattern with large and histiocytoid cells.", "image_path": "RdLv4BcZjig_image_c5b7c9ab-03b0-47d1-9496-4564f8d51f70.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_821", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macrophages may be associated with degenerating fibers.", "image_path": "eNVQ-oTkBbc_image_9248573f-5f06-447a-b57b-5c9dfff12810.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_822", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of edema and inclusions in keratinocytes, specifically Molluscum contagiosum, which is a form of cytopathic effect.", "image_path": "9UUG4nfeNN0_image_2fc7c927-4ba4-444a-8327-f5b5e8ef61e3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_823", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "S100 immunostain shows loss of expression in an area with broad fascicles of cells.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_d6ce53ab-3831-4010-82fd-7ef55c456f35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_824", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "It is difficult to distinguish between malignant Brenner tumor and metastatic transitional or urothelial carcinoma in this setting.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_722e3282-6e26-4fef-b922-e39cde92388b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_825", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of changes in the mammary gland during pregnancy, including the formation of lobules and dilated lactiferous ducts.", "image_path": "_aDPzTKq44U_image_5888a664-02cb-435b-83d9-101710c285b6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Renal', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_826", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Regression of a melanoma can have overlapping features with scar and can be challenging to differentiate.", "image_path": "NcTPZB3YnXQ_image_7ace97e9-57a4-4b78-b064-a02b2f138c31.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_827", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue section shows pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the trachea.", "image_path": "YUFOqDHTC9Q_image_2cd4b456-af02-42d9-b1ab-8c6f1870d2df.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_828", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Blunted villi and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes can be a classic feature of celiac disease or celiac sprue.", "image_path": "yU9EwY51yq4_image_83e10255-309f-4589-99ad-8bec4556657d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_829", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunophenotypic expression of classical Reed-Sternberg cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma, including positivity for CD30 and CD15 in a membrane and perinuclear Golgi zone pattern, and dim expression of PAX5 compared to background population of small B cells.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_b3f9772d-8643-44be-bbf1-243aece4f9d3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_830", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphocytic interface dermatitis is associated with connective tissue diseases like lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis.", "image_path": "ery_x6d2M5A_image_f8cd70aa-e3de-48b9-ae2b-7b69f4077702.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_831", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucus in respiratory epithelium is a glycoprotein, produced by goblet cells with a well-developed Golgi apparatus.", "image_path": "708OpQqoxm4_image_f722cb87-d9af-49be-993d-bceeca683c76.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_832", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The inflammation is surrounding the tissues and not destroying the glands and tubules.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_19029972-35d6-43dd-8a5b-98c97844a90d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_833", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nodular growth in cutaneous tissue with aggregates of basophilic cells, likely lymphoid aggregates.", "image_path": "zUO0K7RhtRk_image_c60a8d27-9f05-4d82-8be8-e7434777df60.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_834", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The region being highlighted is bone, and there are several osteoclasts present. Osteoclasts are larger cells compared to osteocytes and contain multiple nuclei.", "image_path": "w4c6TWt7Wbo_image_0acf1121-3d9c-4242-88f7-ef81d53cb160.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_835", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei.", "image_path": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_836", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Uniform nuclei that are somewhat overlapping with thin-walled blood vessels, similar to solitary fibrous tumor.", "image_path": "4eIsInnnq-Q_image_848c76d3-91d5-4205-903f-f5e6e2d7375d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_837", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "PCP is mentioned as a differential diagnosis, but the appearance of the substance in the alveoli does not match PCP.", "image_path": "SnTbrq_wfnc_image_d39f861c-3e7a-4a6b-a14d-9a66ae948b09.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_838", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a well-circumscribed tumor in the dermis with histiocytes and collagen, and a characteristic multinucleated feature.", "image_path": "k-3ZRskS9QA_image_de466d9b-d564-41f1-8bd0-c8c53ff89727.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_839", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ductal epithelial hyperplasia is present and should not be ignored, especially if there is any ductal carcinoma in situ type of change.", "image_path": "eQrSiiScC4w_image_92b1d910-6b84-4ee1-94f8-4883cc799a35.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_840", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No immature neural glial tissue is seen.", "image_path": "FO1Zvoz3Ips_image_6c19d8a1-4097-4cae-b56d-5528e0e88515.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_841", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "This cross section only shows the Schwann cells and endoneurium surrounding the axons, not the cell body or dendrites.", "image_path": "Bb8VhrGlRO0_image_913cdc90-2455-490b-bfe6-ac2989b6693c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_842", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The adjacent neuropil contains triangular shaped cells resembling neurons, as well as astrocyte oligonendroglial cells and microglial cells.", "image_path": "ty52S8NMOeU_image_3b0d0ecb-da9d-4dab-8b97-9d8c13b2737b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_843", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trichilemmal epitheliomas can be autosomal dominant and can be part of a multiple trichilemmal epithelioma syndrome.", "image_path": "E5wUgsbLrHc_image_a8853fa9-f4d3-4904-ac7a-8a9adc3712e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_844", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The later stages involve organization, proliferation, and fibrosis.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_ed4c394f-90d8-4cb8-908f-f4ff288bc587.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_845", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Atypical large cell population expressing CD20 in lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma.", "image_path": "ZI_V18M3898_image_15b03b02-e6c6-4afd-8a00-88bf779ac68d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_846", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Malignant spindle cell tumors with a herringbone pattern can be seen in neurofibromatosis type 1.", "image_path": "BtKAqg40uls_image_741dcc10-7bec-4ec5-96c4-445d3b3cb3bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_847", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Intra-thymic parathyroid gland identified during surgery.", "image_path": "rRKjZ2Ql4l0_image_4197323d-5666-4758-a352-cb1201cd593c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_848", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tissue being examined consists of three-dimensional spheres with flattened cells lining the surface.", "image_path": "RT_AoD-HEpY_image_aa94303b-9b76-4361-942b-87a8e16a1432.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Genitourinary', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_849", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, polymorphs, and monocytes are present.", "image_path": "HckEwJ_mAJE_image_57afa565-1ddb-47b9-8e00-32e28a7b46b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_850", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Lymphoid follicles are commonly seen in smokers and may indicate inflammation.", "image_path": "e1J6JObacLE_image_68f55465-2087-4800-a9ed-2f21e2ef8860.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_851", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelium is described as having simple columnar cells with goblet cells and secretory cells with a brush border.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_6773568a-89ef-482d-a85f-7ef306aa4e97.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_852", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The possibility of metastatic tumor is likely in a patient with another primary smooth muscle sarcoma.", "image_path": "QJx57jNpSLo_image_6477aebb-3eea-4ea7-9710-61051f1d0be5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_853", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Elastic fibers can be seen but are best observed with a specific stain.", "image_path": "6vvXST3iIXo_image_2108f8be-4738-408a-9f21-2a24d5c95a0d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_854", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Poorly differentiated cells can be seen in various types of cancer, including comedo DCIS and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.", "image_path": "3awkLNUybLc_image_7f45d26b-60b6-4c74-b8fc-efa347352111.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_855", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of fibrin in blood vessel walls in later stage lesions.", "image_path": "mGsQI6dV0Rk_image_5268f85b-dab5-469c-bc54-d9830ddd9c8a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_856", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a dermal duct tumor, which is characterized by aggregates of similar appearing epithelium combined with the dermis.", "image_path": "lza-5sF8P6Q_image_8f1dcfe0-653f-4b2c-8918-a02af3af9350.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_857", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma and collagenous scar tissue are the diagnostic features.", "image_path": "pvsqSJTrPBM_image_6a75d7a5-9eba-4779-a020-225df60fa38b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_858", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of endocrine cell hyperplasia and a wider mass seen on chromogranin stain.", "image_path": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_527e1db2-5f20-49fc-a132-887e038c4c6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_859", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of gastric body mucosa with chronic gastritis, atrophy, complete loss of parietal cells, and intestinal metaplasia.", "image_path": "maMHVG_2NtE_image_527e1db2-5f20-49fc-a132-887e038c4c6d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_860", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Normal trichoepithelioma can stain positively for BRCA1.", "image_path": "g8NveoHNUck_image_ec6958e9-53a6-4f10-866c-4bd47886fa0c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_861", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Concentric calcifications called psammoma bodies can be found in papillary structures.", "image_path": "2z2EnM12YVo_image_7b75b220-ec02-4571-8132-bab1faed75bd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_862", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Congo red stain is a special stain used to identify amyloid protein in tissue sections.", "image_path": "chx1gb1LuIc_image_32335a4e-4e9a-409e-b737-45317f96781b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_863", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Purkinje fibers are modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses down to the tip of the ventricles and back up the sides for both ventricles to contract at the same time.", "image_path": "DuUxmT2OiFY_image_d3489dcc-329e-41ae-a1a4-2e3c9acfbc2a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_864", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "ERG, CD31, and CD31 are used as vascular markers.", "image_path": "uNepYtLknmk_image_f822e80a-44b5-4fc9-b5a2-1cc607af5833.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_865", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Spermatic cord attaches to the testis and carries the ductus deferens.", "image_path": "DsmxUrUIDnk_image_5e331459-283c-489f-97b1-895863f7c93a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Pediatric', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_866", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diffuse infiltrate involving the papillary and reticular dermis with pale cells and darker lymphocytes mixed within it. Presence of clear areas indicating histiocytes and plasma cells.", "image_path": "Nc1weiVWVV4_image_b55e8341-2290-4b3c-9ab4-8c525def4f85.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Infectious disease']", "id": "val_867", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigment in DFSP is usually melanin, and a pigmented variant of DFSP is called a Bednar tumor.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_49f101e5-172e-421b-aad2-2e763a451ff3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_868", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Epithelioid cells in clusters, cords, and chains are indicative of epithelioid and malignant mesothelioma.", "image_path": "BtKAqg40uls_image_75fc83e2-2e48-4a1c-b866-cfc4ca6950f7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_869", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Acanthosis with multiple cornoid lamellae is common in the buttock region.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_563eecc4-ad37-442b-91b8-a78f4218d3cf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_870", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sheet of cells in the dermis with abundant foamy cytoplasm and round oval nuclei.", "image_path": "UX5nYB93Z9Y_image_083c7b8c-c0b4-43d0-a59a-089ca588dd9d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_871", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sneddon-Wilkinson-pustular psoriasis can look similar to pustular psoriasis, with a similar pattern of inflammation and subcorneal neutrophilic pustules.", "image_path": "9QYCWYaUVWo_image_daa4201c-d37b-4d5e-9f47-d108a32a8746.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_872", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "IPMN is a field defect and can lead to the development of cancer in other parts of the pancreas.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_8744a2e8-827e-420c-9b91-e092a033112f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_873", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of pockets like this usually indicates myxofibrosarcoma.", "image_path": "LTHBkzxbgj0_image_780e55bd-048e-48e9-8d82-d0f310ad23d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_874", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the histopathological features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) including elongated, thin spindle cells, hemorrhage or blood-filled spaces, hemosiderin, foam cells, and multinucleated giant cells.", "image_path": "82bZgbGwjKo_image_49f101e5-172e-421b-aad2-2e763a451ff3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_875", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The portion of the anterior pituitary gland in contact with the posterior pituitary is called the pars intermediate.", "image_path": "bgr6gYjA1f8_image_e746098c-1376-45f0-a84c-775a6439e640.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_876", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The prostate gland is extremely acidophilic due to the presence of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue in its stroma.", "image_path": "h0kg55HklCU_image_3a137b0b-4a25-41d3-936b-80d11a0ba2d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_877", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clinical pathological correlation is important for diagnosing any exudative process.", "image_path": "Q88yDU-Pyis_image_96e4e0e8-989a-4ccf-9be3-1119eda19cb0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_878", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cells are small with epithelioid appearance and large nuclei with pink cytoplasm around them.", "image_path": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_49242a46-1dad-4511-9bf1-78cbfc94a1b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_879", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hemoptysis and rapidly deteriorating renal function may indicate hemorrhage in the lung.", "image_path": "805YGsF5jJ0_image_746cbaa9-cd1b-46ad-9b77-a12d9667cc5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_880", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histologic changes are more pronounced in larger bile ducts than in smaller bile ducts.", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_b230838d-1106-4405-a06f-ae0a27b49c37.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_881", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of smooth muscle hyperplasia in some interstitial areas.", "image_path": "pCVruQleKHQ_image_0ab3a41c-e40f-4a65-bd97-cf61cf153616.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Renal', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_882", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The text discusses the anatomy of the muscularis mucosa and the importance of identifying the submucosa for staging tumors.", "image_path": "HAUcyRXwCx8_image_1191e51f-9f65-47d5-bb64-113a08151568.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_883", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of venous stasis with inflammation and extravasated red cells.", "image_path": "GhdIeRkQEuM_image_ed60ea10-c362-4699-a567-0857659bc02b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_884", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Plasma cells and lymphocytes are also present around vessels.", "image_path": "KknwmereLfw_image_00e967f1-81bc-4217-b71c-129ae150d30c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_885", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Solid areas with larger cells and abundant cytoplasm, with oncocytic or hepatoid appearance.", "image_path": "wU2ZKcPKu8k_image_66bd51b8-fce0-4b25-a63f-3d709b882a5c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_886", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Increased fluid volume in the blood leads to increased blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate, resulting in reduced renin secretion.", "image_path": "Zdp4AhOCoSM_image_8db777ff-f90b-40b4-b876-6610f74d1639.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_887", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tumor with squamous differentiation and glandular or adenocarcinoma component. Blending can be seen in hyalinization and mucinous presentation. Molecular study for MAML2 can confirm mucoepidermoid carcinoma.", "image_path": "AAsXfFqHOw8_image_fc68418e-bb73-4c86-95e1-1526e30d29b8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_888", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The sample is from the renal medulla and cortex.", "image_path": "woaE3mPLRI4_image_9e93b742-aa31-4795-97ea-df18dc971634.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_889", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Physical characteristics of smooth muscle cells including elongated and spindly cells with pink cytoplasm and purple nucleus.", "image_path": "iBtvPrrX93s_image_7a0aa814-0eb0-4039-a3d0-a3af4ce99511.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_890", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunostains such as CK7, S100, p40, and cytokeratin can help differentiate between these entities.", "image_path": "oSMc4tbDwwU_image_8686f0f0-a46c-4c63-974d-5997d5550da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_891", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion has spindle cells resembling those of a desmoid tumor.", "image_path": "CddolPVaWQQ_image_f0fe3194-de39-45e4-9f30-923056a085d4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_892", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of skin layers and characteristics, including stratified squamous and keratinized epidermis and the cornified layer (stratum corneum) without nuclei.", "image_path": "Aiq8wfDg0pM_image_929342dc-f511-4af2-9182-fbafeba0418c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_893", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of encapsulated or infiltrative, papillary growth pattern.", "image_path": "XKNsdGhUqiE_image_07da130b-2329-44a7-9337-e9497b295588.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Renal', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_894", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Desired results include Dog1 negative and S100/mammaglobin positive.", "image_path": "D6hbOWI-hPg_image_05437bd8-4012-4796-a28c-ebd56a637de5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_895", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The absence of glands indicates atrophy.", "image_path": "bPH8UFYxAzk_image_6e8f2080-38ab-4a20-a79d-6c3bedfa9b14.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_896", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Brachyury is a sensitive and specific nuclear stain used to identify chordoma in soft tissue.", "image_path": "ejuBruDe3rc_image_e129c6b8-005e-440b-94fa-8081cbfff597.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_897", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Numerous follicles of the thyroid gland filled with colloid, which contains thyroid globulin essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. The follicles are lined by epithelium ranging from simple cuboidal to almost columnar, with taller cells indicating a more active thyroid. The interstitium contains an extensive capillary network.", "image_path": "C3dx6FZacjo_image_36f0a776-f846-480d-a6d6-222f7b921aaa.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Gynecologic', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_898", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a tertiary pattern of five puts this in Gleason grade group three, which can help determine overall prognosis and potential eligibility for clinical trials.", "image_path": "MB_Ysvw9FYQ_image_ea2f6ddc-2b6c-4100-9168-38372c9857ce.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_899", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) secreted by beta cells.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_5126073d-4770-45e5-8c25-19c182409e4e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_900", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry is necessary to distinguish between intraductal acinar cell carcinoma and ITPN.", "image_path": "BHaQeeUV8ug_image_a4fd689b-67be-430f-bab4-cde26924a93e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_901", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perineural invasion is not typically seen in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, and its presence may suggest MAC.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_0ebb7e3a-f836-4148-b350-2e0a561735ff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_902", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The shrunken and dropped out crypts and evidence of cell breakdown in the form of hemosiderin in some stromal cells are indicative of chemotherapy-related colitis.", "image_path": "IMb-V6JmTM0_image_7ce35984-a11f-461f-bb71-ee3e8de7b567.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_903", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The width of the lumen of the ductal system is used to differentiate between duct and secretory tubule.", "image_path": "bVxzeDNl3Ag_image_390eed98-9050-40de-a485-86388d6014f3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_904", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of numerous macrophages in the space filled with colloid is a helpful finding.", "image_path": "wuwR6_6xNq8_image_c47eb5ca-260b-41f4-8843-c1c50f05d377.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_905", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear staining morphology to the cells is observed.", "image_path": "z2lBJ2rwDzo_image_da0d6106-5e0f-4d9a-a897-10db44cc1c53.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_906", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of a tissue with longitudinal nuclear grooves, hyalinized stroma punctuated by thin-walled blood vessels, clear nuclear pseudoinclusions, and eosinophilic ones.", "image_path": "p7tUcAl0Mck_image_99bfcaa3-43c1-4b05-bfb8-a989a821d4be.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Cytopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_907", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Crohn's disease can have a cobblestone appearance grossly.", "image_path": "9AxhWoi0vcU_image_5d8766da-8d13-43a4-acf2-2d277c488bcc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_908", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histopathological description of temporal arteritis with collections of activated macrophages and fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane, which is characteristic of the disease.", "image_path": "qy36NN4GjFo_image_da3cafa5-c248-4bdb-b955-6863c2acdc81.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_909", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification and function of type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells, including their structural role in the air-blood barrier, precursor function, and surfactant secretion.", "image_path": "N9AG8RY46Nk_image_1b7d379e-747a-411e-b350-1d6da4c5aa06.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_910", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Core biopsy of a lesion in the salivary gland region, possibly submandibular based on surrounding serous salivary tissue with ducts.", "image_path": "wjxIXKfYFXo_image_7af6614d-4e52-4b8b-94da-464673c3e873.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_911", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Suspicion of atypical epithelioid proliferation, possibly mesothelioma or adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "IAuRF8T1kyw_image_cca4a88c-4d0a-464a-b393-8581c8c82887.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_912", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands in question have abundant pink, grainy cytoplasm and large round nuclei, suggesting they are apocrine glands.", "image_path": "lPuADeCTsqo_image_6878139a-0c19-4b89-ae25-447bd9b0d670.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_913", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of classical Reed-Reed-Sternberg cells is required for a definite diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.", "image_path": "vseleAkfH-s_image_1c9c2039-8a13-4421-b6b0-79edda4ba70c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_914", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Basilar tagging of lymphocytes is indicative of interface dermatitis, which can be caused by drugs, syphilis, or viral infections.", "image_path": "7tKJiImbPmk_image_914c8f95-1309-4255-9f55-bc426d834197.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_915", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glomerulus is widely patent with mostly empty capillary loops and occasional circulating leukocytes.", "image_path": "MWFbZgy6uSw_image_7b51911f-b3f6-41e1-8a0d-3778b672fd5f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_916", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary has broad blunt papillae with fibrovascular cores lined by stratified and highly atypical transitional cells with round or oblong nuclei and prominent nuclei.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_0f334c20-3113-4fe6-b565-bea544561415.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_917", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Myoepithelial cells stain strongly with S100 and can also stain with SOX10.", "image_path": "8WWhRTta8ZI_image_7f2d49e2-b6ad-4e01-86ac-1299604343b0.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_918", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Capsule, loose areas, and changes in vessel wall can be used to identify schwannomas without Verocay bodies.", "image_path": "lRulbyp4uPY_image_cbf97e54-f8ed-4442-b168-3623365f1274.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_919", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The glands become slit-like due to compression by the overgrown stroma.", "image_path": "8QXWAsOcwf4_image_f1c07ebd-f05e-4dd4-867a-e8d638c08e75.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_920", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The neoplastic cells create a glomeruloid type body separated from the adjacent fibrous connective tissue stroma.", "image_path": "zgOSAIrbSaM_image_d50727ca-8cdc-4bb0-944f-8c57be37c8e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_921", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of hair follicle proliferations in nevus sebaceus.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_922", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Identification of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the granuloma.", "image_path": "K4Tww4gK0iI_image_fe6cfdb2-7926-4567-8e19-cfaf50261376.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_923", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The muscle wall of the ampulla of the vas is thicker than that of the seminal vesicle.", "image_path": "-6p9M6fWjGM_image_d8ac288a-f99b-43aa-822e-e73693b11ac6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_924", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Disruption and shedding of cells, surface epithelium, stroma, glands, and blood vessels during the menses phase.", "image_path": "vcQK4Is4bl8_image_82f1fbe1-d023-4fe6-8b1a-aeb769da4099.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Endocrine', 'Renal']", "id": "val_925", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclei are spindle, wavy, and tapered at the end.", "image_path": "5V7x7Aqpyq4_image_e1ef39f9-1115-4805-80b9-31826b82446e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology']", "id": "val_926", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Hyperchromatic and atypical cells are present in the tissue section.", "image_path": "LP5rxqtCm7c_image_61e9c6b6-0c8a-4a77-ae58-878a729e5635.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_927", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The patient has a PT1N0 tumor, which can be cured with orchiectomy alone in 70% of cases.", "image_path": "hBROwh8M3Fk_image_73d3f57b-43d1-406d-b530-d1aefe291706.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology', 'Gynecologic']", "id": "val_928", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are single isolated cells that stand out in the background of a neoplastic proliferation.", "image_path": "6cmhZuat_Fw_image_120098b9-e9c7-4cc9-a15c-f371580c87d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_929", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Diagnosis of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.", "image_path": "N_CfPKu9kJg_image_15ea7caa-d3b0-4ae1-8a4e-dc9cf894bdd6.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_930", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of elastic cartilage with dark stained elastic fibers and a chondrocyte in its lacuna.", "image_path": "I4CyCpy9cqc_image_302e29c6-b4fc-4fcc-89df-eda733c3a79a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Soft tissue', 'Dermatopathology', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_931", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Umbrella cells are well developed throughout.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_5cdf773c-c4fe-4635-8864-6fc98a06868e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_932", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of osteoidcytes and osteoidblasts in a lesion does not necessarily indicate osteosarcoma, as these cells may be maturing to form bone.", "image_path": "54uoVbx5ZrU_image_65c13113-cb96-4acc-b7ce-a2821ffb45dc.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_933", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "EOE is inflammation of the esophagus with an increase of intraepithelial eosinophils.", "image_path": "L_v9lgMKQh8_image_b902a991-c278-4fa7-9366-c31289b2ada9.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_934", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The upper 1 quarter of the muscularis externa of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle only, while the second 1 quarter has a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle, and the distal half has only smooth muscle.", "image_path": "vo2XlWrFhRg_image_d9081e29-18df-4276-82e8-05fd201cb7e4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_935", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Ovarian tissue is diffusely infiltrated by mucin-secreting signet ring cells with marked desmoplastic reaction, indicating Kurkenberg tumor, a metastatic carcinoma.", "image_path": "rSF1hmTYhp0_image_5717f483-0eb1-40d8-b8a1-ca9371c16020.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_936", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "There are collections of epithelioid histiocytes encasing the debris, some of which have the appearance of foreign body giant cells.", "image_path": "qG9E-tdjisc_image_efe37f47-8834-4a6b-bbeb-c18a27d076bf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_937", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The small intestine has a finger-like papillary array of mucosal villi.", "image_path": "67KMWRkklJE_image_dba79d82-3a0e-4ae9-90f4-2236a6714794.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Soft tissue', 'Renal']", "id": "val_938", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Scattered neutrophils can be a clue for pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma.", "image_path": "dRm_iqpPbWA_image_70e78956-285b-4f12-869e-9ca35befc5a7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_939", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pseudo-inclusion is a transverse cut through a cell that may look like an inclusion but is not a true inclusion.", "image_path": "JwymE_Lfs44_image_951dd411-b24a-4ab0-8abb-273b06e779a4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_940", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adjacent daughter nests of the tumor are close to major vascular structures.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_ab9b555f-a72a-404c-a01c-97c7dc40e45c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_941", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "LPP does not typically cause superficial and perivascular inflammation, which is seen in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).", "image_path": "fHj-C1eMth8_image_f3b1f4a8-58d2-41de-989d-1974fa54767c.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_942", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The epithelioid cells have giant nucleoli.", "image_path": "KgjXL7SlUwo_image_ae71e082-8d24-4ef5-a116-ca3d36135e94.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Ophthalmic', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_943", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No true thrombosis observed, and vessels are mostly large dilated vascular spaces.", "image_path": "-QoNfyal1bU_image_3ddb0fe0-2026-44f8-be44-3b4e38e27b9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_944", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the normal histology of the pancreas, including lobules and pancreatic islets.", "image_path": "2bfSXDu_sZ8_image_cb97341c-f6c2-4560-a02b-76c3a6b9752e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Renal']", "id": "val_945", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of a large irregular nucleus with focal necrosis suggests poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.", "image_path": "oCnV8-c2les_image_058e9398-f7c3-4e9b-aa58-fda2e3199dc7.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_946", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The biopsy suggests lymphocytic esophagitis.", "image_path": "pU8YcVMFclE_image_f6fa7310-9b88-4349-9659-9166b40d5f69.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Dermatopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_947", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Zinc deficiency can cause a skin condition with similarities to necrolytic acral erythema, pellagra, and niacin deficiency.", "image_path": "8vBV1buQoM0_image_04ff800e-3ffc-47a9-bfa6-fd4f2d9e82d8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_948", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Glands show loss of mucin, loss of cytoplasm, fragmentation of cytoplasm, and associated atypia.", "image_path": "PdkeuRph2NQ_image_a3c5deaf-0625-4452-81c8-756c66d1becb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_949", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No glomerulitis is observed.", "image_path": "KXg_deDgMTI_image_a15176dd-dd1a-445a-9e94-9d0827049fda.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Gastrointestinal']", "id": "val_950", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "No mitoses are currently visible, but inflammation is present.", "image_path": "FuoZaDKaogI_image_312a1de8-0c2c-42ce-b8d0-b0289b888f90.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_951", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Macroplastique can be an unexpected finding in urethral or bladder biopsies.", "image_path": "sr1ohVqzhK0_image_f235378c-40de-42b6-b8aa-600255866d34.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Cytopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_952", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The tumor can resemble clear cell acanthoma due to abrupt transition.", "image_path": "zeB0jMEQmhI_image_7494a01e-6e65-49d4-bf03-0599b1de29a8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_953", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Neuroendocrine tumors have characteristic salt and pepper chromatin in their nucleus.", "image_path": "CrDtjZ3f2tI_image_1c67bf12-024a-4cfc-904e-cdb4fdbd2da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Endocrine', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_954", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Peripheral invasive tumor with high grade appearance.", "image_path": "oCnV8-c2les_image_5029c6d0-f3d5-41df-83c6-b93981be377f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Genitourinary']", "id": "val_955", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Megakaryocyte shedding platelets.", "image_path": "CSe8ckkyJDA_image_adc43916-5063-464c-8d0e-861161ec8621.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_956", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion being described is likely a papule with an encrusted surface.", "image_path": "XNF71N5C1hE_image_87d12d6d-3672-4217-ac9e-86374d941e1f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_957", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "GFAB is positive in the area mostly composed of glial or astrocytic components, while the ganglion cells are negative.", "image_path": "HAl5Y4kC1xA_image_11a0ce23-0475-4a52-96c0-edb7f871b63a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Pediatric', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_958", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Clear cell changes in adenocarcinoma can resemble epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.", "image_path": "G_ygYIQqWOA_image_e1715ca7-1353-414a-bb0a-03ab83b49acf.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_959", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "MDM2 mutation testing can help differentiate between osteogenic dedifferentiation in liposarcoma and true osteosarcoma.", "image_path": "_GRcnnXeE9c_image_da982d8a-49d6-4d95-80cb-9a9f0dae4fd8.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Bone', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_960", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor is a high-grade malignancy with many mitoses.", "image_path": "_rXhgSiAaB4_image_8d47bc9b-c290-4bf6-924d-294dd9fc4842.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Neuropathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_961", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "CK5/6 can be positive in both epithelial and myoepithelial cells in benign pleomorphic adenomas.", "image_path": "TsHP6sNvJQQ_image_6379d334-c411-4844-9c1c-fc1170a5de77.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Breast pathology', 'Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_962", "caption_rating": "10", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Proximal and distal tubules are visible, as well as blood vessels lined by endothelial cells and filled with erythrocytes.", "image_path": "zcImdqxXK08_image_3eedf5ed-4a28-4095-921e-2e4d98635366.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Endocrine']", "id": "val_963", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanocytes on the back tend to coalesce with effacement of the epidermal resia, but this does not necessarily indicate melanoma.", "image_path": "J9Cj_oLdLwA_image_f6fbbf10-063f-467c-a4c1-2a406c37d615.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_964", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The cells have little nuclei in a cheerio formation, which is typical of simple cuboidal cells.", "image_path": "reoEVXvoUmI_image_032db061-9001-44be-8c6a-c4d45d40fa27.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Gynecologic', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_965", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The diagnosis is adenoid cystic carcinoma.", "image_path": "B4rt17rA5h4_image_007e86f9-3c16-4560-acca-c7c44949b39b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_966", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Melanoma arising in a nevus is a common occurrence, with around 30% of melanomas developing in pre-existing nevi.", "image_path": "x-v6rbqPEpM_image_acce1b36-4589-4be1-bf2c-3503c7bcfe88.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_967", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Arterioles in the wall or adventitia of the gallbladder show a very prominent media.", "image_path": "k89APYba4Bw_image_0568e502-75b2-40c3-8b36-e99a044880b4.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cardiac', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_968", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract including the muscle layer (muscularis externa), mucosa layer (lamina propria and connective tissue), and epithelium.", "image_path": "zb5yuDGxP9k_image_a43a9782-306b-40d0-b714-50ab51baa34b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_969", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Crusted scabies may also be present, but eosinophils are not seen.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_6e89642b-25a0-49e8-92d5-efb800f2b916.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_970", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Adjacent daughter nests of the tumor are close to major vascular structures.", "image_path": "DsNBdLBlqms_image_da1421ef-2026-40f4-af65-edb680809da3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Head and Neck', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_971", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "These findings are common in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.", "image_path": "hmHfJAxbd-0_image_8e731640-fc5e-487a-9c64-1876f881cbff.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_972", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "TB granuloma with necrosis, granuloma formation, and giant cells.", "image_path": "ri59lmrPdK4_image_4a958ce3-df3c-4d32-bec2-0504e254ec28.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_973", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Tumor contains large pools of mucin and variable amounts of floating cells.", "image_path": "q6SX0oyPmEU_image_5e7da8a7-19b6-49d5-a673-18de590f5337.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Genitourinary', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_974", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "In poroma, the fingers that come down are much broader and wider compared to the narrow strands in syringofibroadenoma/acrosyringeal nevus.", "image_path": "1a48Br8y-i0_image_96daafe9-c0e5-459c-bde0-e38f6a7eb69a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_975", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Nuclei on boundary not mostly contained within region of interest are typically not annotated.", "image_path": "HTvLMyKYyGs_image_1b3dba39-7ade-42a6-82f1-54e445d56f7e.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Cytopathology', 'Dermatopathology', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_976", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Immunohistochemistry can be useful in validating or confirming a diagnosis.", "image_path": "3abe64RUCBU_image_b39aa0bb-4cc6-458f-a605-0000dfe075d5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_977", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of a neoplastic epithelium with papillary architecture and enlarged nuclei.", "image_path": "gAxOEtY_hR0_image_850e346f-b982-4bd6-ba6b-24ad74148e25.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Endocrine', 'Head and Neck', 'Cytopathology']", "id": "val_978", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Cytokeratin 20 is negative in the suspicious area, but this may be due to proximity to the umbrella cell layer.", "image_path": "VKEruy8apqY_image_ecf301c5-7cb9-4ee8-91e3-b6dc1412c1ea.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Dermatopathology', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_979", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The stroma seen in this case is common in ductal and glandular neoplasms, particularly aggressive angiomyxoma.", "image_path": "MsQuyPJbrks_image_3db5f1c2-6571-41c9-ad57-5853943d91ac.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Breast pathology']", "id": "val_980", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "A tumor in the renal parenchyma, which appears paler than the surrounding tissue.", "image_path": "hJSfEAQkaBM_image_fbe5aeed-bee0-4d5b-a8db-70fc512cda9a.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Renal', 'Hematopathology', 'Pediatric']", "id": "val_981", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Inflammatory cells can be seen going up into the epithelium in pustular psoriasis.", "image_path": "Y5C_EkexoW4_image_24990a5c-9607-4fff-96fa-e55b3017f8e5.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Gastrointestinal', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_982", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of a foreign body in the sub corneal layer resembling scabies exoskeleton.", "image_path": "QZ4YahCXI4k_image_3c639b7a-024e-4c7c-a89d-200a6f5a3abd.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_983", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The wall of the blood vessels seen in the sample is thin and covered by thin endothelial cells.", "image_path": "zFPm2dTUlWw_image_76d2e5aa-84d1-45fe-9697-e41379dfed13.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_984", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The nested cells have a pale to clear cytoplasm and some nuclear pleomorphism, possibly with calcified bodies or enlarged nuclei.", "image_path": "jkUCIcaE4gA_image_6e7bb432-2180-4901-98ce-65d259a68ecb.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Pancreatic', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_985", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Histologically, it is characterized by necrotizing granulomas.", "image_path": "-sNcAiRWLTU_image_b933ea75-8552-4a38-bdda-57dcac09e958.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_986", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Trachea has been stained with periodic acid Schiff, a special stain which highlights glycoproteins.", "image_path": "pPZP5U6_N9w_image_376b5534-e02e-4e5a-af02-41153af87ab2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Soft tissue', 'Ophthalmic']", "id": "val_987", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) and serum IgM are elevated in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).", "image_path": "V0vTSkNfF3Q_image_bfb0ad2e-ab1a-4dda-a2c5-59bfc5d012ed.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Renal']", "id": "val_988", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Perivascular distribution of inflammatory cells indicating lymphocytic vasculitis.", "image_path": "LV7SFxapsRE_image_91f6565e-1200-4d47-ab61-929b6226f094.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Pulmonary', 'Hematopathology', 'Cardiac']", "id": "val_989", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Possible presence of intramucosal or adenocarcinoma associated with villous structures.", "image_path": "HilA233A6TE_image_62ed737e-cbd2-4b33-a592-d442fb12138f.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_990", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Pigment deposition can occur in diffuse neurofibromas in particular.", "image_path": "13bLhmg0TIc_image_818180c8-7d19-4ca3-b6ed-70889f6b2ae2.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Neuropathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_991", "caption_rating": "7", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Description of the supporting structure of lymph nodes, including trabeculae composed of reticular connective tissue, reticular cells, and reticular fibers.", "image_path": "rIN-3cL5nhw_image_db626ff2-4642-4bcc-9f2c-01718e652fba.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck', 'Pulmonary']", "id": "val_992", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of atypia and variable degrees of maturation in some cells.", "image_path": "gkCnXlJy7u4_image_73a68e51-69b4-4d63-9de4-6483a08df2ca.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gynecologic', 'Pediatric', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_993", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Presence of vacuole interface and dyskeratotic cells in the biopsy sample.", "image_path": "-gDq-uK-wQ0_image_553e29f4-bf53-41ca-9518-99c771469ea3.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Head and Neck']", "id": "val_994", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The presence of histiocytes in granulomatous inflammation in the skin, with five main patterns of granulomatous inflammation including naked granulomas, palisaded granuloma, suppurative granulomatous dermatitis, foreign body granulomatous dermatitis, and tubercular granulomatous dermatitis.", "image_path": "5cs9AGGt9RY_image_eab0a028-c1d5-4a22-8193-4194b61baf64.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Hematopathology', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_995", "caption_rating": "9", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp is a flat lesion that is difficult to excise completely during endoscopy.", "image_path": "TuMNsodtzrM_image_11503dfa-e8af-459d-bbda-e62d94548de1.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Hematopathology', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_996", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "Discussion of microinvasive foci and thresholds for invasive carcinoma.", "image_path": "-odNO3Jxq28_image_3a6bf9c3-02eb-4be1-9a38-c3cfe8006334.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Genitourinary', 'Gynecologic', 'Soft tissue']", "id": "val_997", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The mucosa is composed of three layers: lamina epithelialis, lamina propria, and lamina muscularis mucosae.", "image_path": "VT_QSbURnXg_image_a7d6365f-8a82-4023-b02e-44776f50e52d.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Gastrointestinal', 'Renal', 'Dermatopathology']", "id": "val_998", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" }, { "caption": "The lesion is not well circumscribed and goes side to side and top to bottom, indicating malignancy.", "image_path": "FsWFQKwCJr8_image_4776ad3d-ed33-476c-b016-27d68ad7051b.jpg", "subset": "quilt", "split": "train", "pathology": "['Dermatopathology', 'Soft tissue', 'Hematopathology']", "id": "val_999", "caption_rating": "8", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Project/intern/kangyu/datasets/quilt_1m/quilt_1m_images" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/radiology/radiology_train.json ================================================ [ { "id": "CXR940_IM-2437", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No displaced rib fractures visualized. .", "image_path": [ "CXR940_IM-2437/0.png", "CXR940_IM-2437/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1061_IM-0043", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is slight wedge XXXX deformity of the mid to lower thoracic vertebral body unchanged from the comparison study.", "image_path": [ "CXR1061_IM-0043/0.png", "CXR1061_IM-0043/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR478_IM-2101-1001", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR478_IM-2101-1001/0.png", "CXR478_IM-2101-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2230_IM-0831", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2230_IM-0831/0.png", "CXR2230_IM-0831/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3984_IM-2040", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The thoracic aorta remains tortuous. The presence of an aortic aneurysm cannot be excluded on this study XXXX. A there are calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX suggesting prior histoplasmosis infection. The pleural spaces are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3984_IM-2040/0.png", "CXR3984_IM-2040/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1846_IM-0549", "report": "2 images. Calcified granuloma left upper lobe. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1846_IM-0549/0.png", "CXR1846_IM-0549/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2415_IM-0961", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. The lungs are hypoinflated with mildly elevated left hemidiaphragm. There is patchy opacity in the left lung base which may be secondary to atelectasis and/or possible infiltrate. Increased markings are noted throughout and were present on prior CT. The study is limited secondary to moderate XXXX motion. Underlying emphysematous changes are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2415_IM-0961/0.png", "CXR2415_IM-0961/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2386_IM-0942", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. There is an 8 mm calcified nodule in the left midlung. There is also a 7 mm calcified nodule near the left hilum. Hyperexpanded lungs consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR2386_IM-0942/0.png", "CXR2386_IM-0942/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR15_IM-0324", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Evidence of prior granulomatous disease. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR15_IM-0324/0.png", "CXR15_IM-0324/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2972_IM-1363", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated. Costophrenic XXXX are blunted, XXXX corresponding to small bilateral pleural effusions. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2972_IM-1363/0.png", "CXR2972_IM-1363/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1353_IM-0230", "report": "There is diffuse right-sided airspace disease, with dense consolidation in the right base. A right upper extremity PICC is seen with the tip in the right brachiocephalic vein, representing an interval retraction of approximately 6 cm. No pneumothorax or large effusions. Heart size within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1353_IM-0230/0.png", "CXR1353_IM-0230/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3094_IM-1447", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. Low lung volumes. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3094_IM-1447/0.png", "CXR3094_IM-1447/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR212_IM-0746-1001", "report": "Chest: Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Hyperlucent apices. Negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Healed remote left 9th rib fracture. Right shoulder: Negative for fracture or dislocation.", "image_path": [ "CXR212_IM-0746-1001/0.png", "CXR212_IM-0746-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2909_IM-1313", "report": "Patchy airspace disease in the left lingula. No significant effusion. Clear right lung. Normal heart size. Granulomatous mediastinal calcifications. Right chest XXXX tip at SVC.", "image_path": [ "CXR2909_IM-1313/0.png", "CXR2909_IM-1313/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1148_IM-0100", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1148_IM-0100/0.png", "CXR1148_IM-0100/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3175_IM-1497", "report": "Stable obscuration of the left cardiac XXXX, XXXX representing left pleural thickening. Stable nodular opacity within the left midlung. The lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal consolidation, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3175_IM-1497/0.png", "CXR3175_IM-1497/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2920_IM-1323", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal . The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2920_IM-1323/0.png", "CXR2920_IM-1323/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3837_IM-1939", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3837_IM-1939/0.png", "CXR3837_IM-1939/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1035_IM-0028", "report": "Right XXXX-A-XXXX is in XXXX. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Some prominent perihilar opacities are present. Some vague small nodular opacities are present in the right upper lung zone. These are slightly more prominent than on the previous study. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1035_IM-0028/0.png", "CXR1035_IM-0028/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2533_IM-1047", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and central pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no focal air space opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR2533_IM-1047/0.png", "CXR2533_IM-1047/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3228_IM-1526", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is again biapical scarring. Small stable calcified left lower lobe granuloma. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3228_IM-1526/0.png", "CXR3228_IM-1526/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1958_IM-0625", "report": "The lungs are hyperaerated suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No focal lung consolidation. No pleural effusion. No definite pneumothorax. Heart is not enlarged. Postsurgical changes with mediastinal clips and XXXX XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1958_IM-0625/0.png", "CXR1958_IM-0625/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1314_IM-0204", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1314_IM-0204/0.png", "CXR1314_IM-0204/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2992_IM-1379", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. Calcified granuloma within the right lung base.", "image_path": [ "CXR2992_IM-1379/0.png", "CXR2992_IM-1379/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR121_IM-0142", "report": "Heart size and vascularity normal. Lungs are clear. No effusions. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR121_IM-0142/0.png", "CXR121_IM-0142/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1519_IM-0335", "report": "Lungs are mildly hypoinflated with asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, of uncertain chronicity. There is mild basilar bronchovascular crowding, without evidence of focal airspace disease. Heart is XXXX within normal limits for low lung volumes and AP technique. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1519_IM-0335/0.png", "CXR1519_IM-0335/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1043_IM-0035-0001", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Interval improvement in lung volumes bilaterally. Improved aeration of the right and left lung bases. Bilateral small pleural effusions and left base atelectatic change, with interval improvement. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1043_IM-0035-0001/0.png", "CXR1043_IM-0035-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2874_IM-1280", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lung base and calcified right hilar lymph XXXX. This was seen well on prior XXXX. There are no suspicious appearing pulmonary nodules or masses. Heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2874_IM-1280/0.png", "CXR2874_IM-1280/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1349_IM-0227", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1349_IM-0227/0.png", "CXR1349_IM-0227/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1590_IM-0383", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1590_IM-0383/0.png", "CXR1590_IM-0383/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR620_IM-2202", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable left lower lobe scarring. Normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR620_IM-2202/0.png", "CXR620_IM-2202/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2011_IM-0661", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities. Contrast is seen within the bilateral kidneys, from prior examination.", "image_path": [ "CXR2011_IM-0661/0.png", "CXR2011_IM-0661/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR704_IM-2267", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR704_IM-2267/0.png", "CXR704_IM-2267/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR568_IM-2168", "report": "Heart size normal. Tortuous aorta. Calcified hilar lymph XXXX XXXX sequela of prior granulomatous disease. Hyperinflated lungs. The otherwise lungs are clear. The bilateral apices are partially excluded from the XXXX-of-view. There is the interval fixation of the right humeral fracture, XXXX appears grossly intact. Osteopenia. Exaggerated kyphosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR568_IM-2168/0.png", "CXR568_IM-2168/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3854_IM-1950", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3854_IM-1950/0.png", "CXR3854_IM-1950/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR79_IM-2329", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR79_IM-2329/0.png", "CXR79_IM-2329/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2117_IM-0745", "report": "Stable appearance of chest with no findings of disease progression. Heart and mediastinum stable configuration. Stable elevation of left hemidiaphragm. Lungs clear of consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bony thorax intact. Minimal spondylosis of the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2117_IM-0745/0.png", "CXR2117_IM-0745/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2810_IM-1238", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Aorta is mildly tortuous. Lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2810_IM-1238/0.png", "CXR2810_IM-1238/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3737_IM-1867", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3737_IM-1867/0.png", "CXR3737_IM-1867/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3047_IM-1418", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3047_IM-1418/0.png", "CXR3047_IM-1418/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3086_IM-1444", "report": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Calcified granuloma seen bilaterally. Normal heart size. Elevated right hemidiaphragm, with a nodular soft tissue contour, containing liver. Degenerative changes demonstrated within the visualized thoracic spine. There is neurostimulator, overlying the mid and lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3086_IM-1444/0.png", "CXR3086_IM-1444/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2700_IM-1169", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Granulomatous calcifications and mediastinum. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2700_IM-1169/0.png", "CXR2700_IM-1169/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1108_IM-0075", "report": "The lungs are clear and hyperinflated. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1108_IM-0075/0.png", "CXR1108_IM-0075/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1365_IM-0237", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. Small rounded bilateral axillary densities not seen on the previous exam most suggestive of artifacts, healed right lateral 10th rib fracture noted..", "image_path": [ "CXR1365_IM-0237/0.png", "CXR1365_IM-0237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1678_IM-0447-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Right chest XXXX tip is again seen at the cavoatrial junction. There is no pneumothorax. There is again elevation of right hemidiaphragm with right-sided pleural effusion. Vague opacities are noted in the right upper lobe, XXXX from prior study. These may be related to overlying rib lesions versus true pulmonary nodules. The left lung appears grossly clear. Drainage catheter seen overlying the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR1678_IM-0447-0001/0.png", "CXR1678_IM-0447-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2770_IM-1213", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2770_IM-1213/0.png", "CXR2770_IM-1213/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR179_IM-0514", "report": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR179_IM-0514/0.png", "CXR179_IM-0514/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1242_IM-0164", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable with tortuous aorta. There are chronic changes particularly noted in the lung apices. The XXXX are mildly prominent but stable. No acute infiltrate is seen. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1242_IM-0164/0.png", "CXR1242_IM-0164/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1732_IM-0482", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1732_IM-0482/0.png", "CXR1732_IM-0482/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3467_IM-1684-0001", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. The mediastinal contours are normal. There is calcification of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR3467_IM-1684-0001/0.png", "CXR3467_IM-1684-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR864_IM-2384", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with tortuous thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal air space opacity. Stable right lung base scarring.", "image_path": [ "CXR864_IM-2384/0.png", "CXR864_IM-2384/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2406_IM-0954", "report": "Both lungs remain clear and expanded. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. No change in the large hiatus hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR2406_IM-0954/0.png", "CXR2406_IM-0954/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2994_IM-1380", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2994_IM-1380/0.png", "CXR2994_IM-1380/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR540_IM-2146", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Mild streaky opacities are present in the left lung base. An accessory azygos fissure is noted. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR540_IM-2146/0.png", "CXR540_IM-2146/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3325_IM-1591", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3325_IM-1591/0.png", "CXR3325_IM-1591/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR406_IM-2054", "report": "Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, large pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact. Calcified right hilar nodules consistent with chronic granulomatous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR406_IM-2054/0.png", "CXR406_IM-2054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR794_IM-2331", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Postoperative changes seen in the left humerus. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR794_IM-2331/0.png", "CXR794_IM-2331/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR903_IM-2409", "report": "There is interstitial thickening bilaterally, more prominent in the bases. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. There is hyperexpansion. No XXXX infiltrates. Two bullae are seen in the right upper lung. Small calcified granuloma stable from prior exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR903_IM-2409/0.png", "CXR903_IM-2409/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR998_IM-2479", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette demonstrates normal heart size with tortuosity and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality identified. Multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracic spine noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR998_IM-2479/0.png", "CXR998_IM-2479/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2439_IM-0978", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated. There is biapical scarring. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2439_IM-0978/0.png", "CXR2439_IM-0978/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR636_IM-2215", "report": "Heart size is normal. Right lung is clear. Granulomatous disease in the bilateral. Subsegmental atelectasis in the left lower lung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR636_IM-2215/0.png", "CXR636_IM-2215/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR829_IM-2358", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR829_IM-2358/0.png", "CXR829_IM-2358/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3024_IM-1399", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits in overall size and appearance. Central vascular markings are symmetric and within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3024_IM-1399/0.png", "CXR3024_IM-1399/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3273_IM-1554", "report": "Cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3273_IM-1554/0.png", "CXR3273_IM-1554/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3797_IM-1910-0001", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette and mediastinal contours are not enlarged. Lungs demonstrate left lower lobe air space opacity with XXXX atelectasis without significant change. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3797_IM-1910-0001/0.png", "CXR3797_IM-1910-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1343_IM-0222-0001", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly. The transverse XXXX is calcified. There is a moderate hiatal hernia. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1343_IM-0222-0001/0.png", "CXR1343_IM-0222-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2672_IM-1148", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2672_IM-1148/0.png", "CXR2672_IM-1148/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR426_IM-2069", "report": "Normal heart size. Tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. The lungs are free of any focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR426_IM-2069/0.png", "CXR426_IM-2069/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1524_IM-0339", "report": "Heart size is normal. The aorta is tortuous, and cannot exclude ascending aortic aneurysm. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. There residual to prior granulomatous infection. Lungs are otherwise clear. Degenerative change of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1524_IM-0339/0.png", "CXR1524_IM-0339/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2212_IM-0819", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues have a normal appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2212_IM-0819/0.png", "CXR2212_IM-0819/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR793_IM-2330", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Oval sclerotic density projecting over the inferior right glenoid may represent synovial osteochondromatosis or cortical XXXX XXXX. This is unchanged 31 17 XXXX. The remaining osseous structures and visualized upper abdomen are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR793_IM-2330/0.png", "CXR793_IM-2330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2310_IM-0885", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. The heart size is normal. There are no large pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2310_IM-0885/0.png", "CXR2310_IM-0885/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1865_IM-0558", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Calcified right upper lobe pulmonary granuloma and calcified right hilar lymph XXXX. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1865_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR1865_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3286_IM-1567", "report": "Lung volumes are low. The heart is large, the pulmonary XXXX are engorged. No infiltrates. XXXX opacity is present in the left midlung.", "image_path": [ "CXR3286_IM-1567/0.png", "CXR3286_IM-1567/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3614_IM-1787", "report": "AP and lateral views were obtained. Bibasilar atelectasis and small left-sided pleural effusion. Stable cardiomegaly. No pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3614_IM-1787/0.png", "CXR3614_IM-1787/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1876_IM-0567", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Right apical pleural retraction. Hyperexpansion, flattening of diaphragms, and increased AP diameter consistent with history of COPD. Degenerative disease of the thoracic spine is present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1876_IM-0567/0.png", "CXR1876_IM-0567/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2123_IM-0748", "report": "The heart is large. Pulmonary XXXX are engorged. No infiltrates. Aorta is somewhat tortuous. Degenerative disc disease is present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2123_IM-0748/0.png", "CXR2123_IM-0748/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR835_IM-2360", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. There is redemonstration of right rib deformities XXXX from old XXXX. XXXX of mild dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. There is no free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR835_IM-2360/0.png", "CXR835_IM-2360/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3317_IM-1587", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR3317_IM-1587/0.png", "CXR3317_IM-1587/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR350_IM-1705-0001", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Left basilar patchy opacities. Small hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR350_IM-1705-0001/0.png", "CXR350_IM-1705-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2749_IM-1199", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old right-sided rib deformities are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2749_IM-1199/0.png", "CXR2749_IM-1199/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR58_IM-2177", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. Mild scoliosis and degenerative changes of the thoracic spine noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR58_IM-2177/0.png", "CXR58_IM-2177/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2777_IM-1217", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation. Minimal scarring or atelectasis left lung base.", "image_path": [ "CXR2777_IM-1217/0.png", "CXR2777_IM-1217/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2922_IM-1325", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Heart size within normal limits. Right hilar calcification suggests a previous granulomatous process.", "image_path": [ "CXR2922_IM-1325/0.png", "CXR2922_IM-1325/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1563_IM-0368", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace opacities. No pneumothorax. No effusions. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No XXXX deformities. Emphysematous changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1563_IM-0368/0.png", "CXR1563_IM-0368/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1052_IM-0040", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is normal in contour with overlying sternotomy XXXX. The lungs are clear without acute infiltrate, effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no fractures or dislocations.", "image_path": [ "CXR1052_IM-0040/0.png", "CXR1052_IM-0040/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3260_IM-1547", "report": "1. Cardiomegaly and/or pericardial effusion. 2. Right base opacity XXXX combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis/airspace disease. Cannot exclude elevation right hemidiaphragm. 3. Left lung relatively clear. 4. Limited exam due to underpenetrated technique related to large patient habitus. 5. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3260_IM-1547/0.png", "CXR3260_IM-1547/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR306_IM-1426", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR306_IM-1426/0.png", "CXR306_IM-1426/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1616_IM-0399", "report": "Chest. Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. Ribs. There are no displaced rib fractures, or obvious nondisplaced rib fractures. Soft tissues appear normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1616_IM-0399/0.png", "CXR1616_IM-0399/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1540_IM-0351", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1540_IM-0351/0.png", "CXR1540_IM-0351/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3330_IM-1594", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3330_IM-1594/0.png", "CXR3330_IM-1594/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2815_IM-1240", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Granulomatous sequela are noted. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2815_IM-1240/0.png", "CXR2815_IM-1240/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1376_IM-0242", "report": "Sequelae of old granulomatous disease is again noted. Lungs are clear without focal air space disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1376_IM-0242/0.png", "CXR1376_IM-0242/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR215_IM-0769", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX calcific density in the left mid to upper lung XXXX represents old granulomatous disease. No focal consolidation. Stable moderate thoracic levoscoliosis and mild thoracolumbar dextroscoliosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR215_IM-0769/0.png", "CXR215_IM-0769/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2030_IM-0675", "report": "There is hyperinflation lungs due to small calcification is seen posteriorly in the right which may be pleural. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2030_IM-0675/0.png", "CXR2030_IM-0675/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2326_IM-0897", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. Right hemidiaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2326_IM-0897/0.png", "CXR2326_IM-0897/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR649_IM-2227", "report": "The heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Postsurgical changes of left hemithorax are stable. Skin XXXX have been removed since prior study study. The left apical pneumothorax has resolved. There are mild chronic opacities in the left lung base with probable small residual effusion. The right lung is grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR649_IM-2227/0.png", "CXR649_IM-2227/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1453_IM-0292", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours, given patient position and technique. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. The lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1453_IM-0292/0.png", "CXR1453_IM-0292/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR680_IM-2251", "report": "2 images. Small centrally calcified granuloma within the lateral right lung base. Otherwise the lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No evidence for pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR680_IM-2251/0.png", "CXR680_IM-2251/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR854_IM-2376", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. The pleural spaces are clear. These XXXX't contours appear normal. There is a XXXX fracture of the midthoracic vertebral body. This vertebral body does not appear sclerotic. The age of this fracture is unknown. There are healed fractures of several left anterior ribs. There is a healed left clavicle fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR854_IM-2376/0.png", "CXR854_IM-2376/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR176_IM-0496", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR176_IM-0496/0.png", "CXR176_IM-0496/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR664_IM-2240", "report": "Heart and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is normal in appearance. The lung parenchyma is clear, without focal infiltrate. There are no pleural effusions, and there is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures are grossly unremarkable. No displaced rib fractures. Right nipple ring noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR664_IM-2240/0.png", "CXR664_IM-2240/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3724_IM-1860", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3724_IM-1860/0.png", "CXR3724_IM-1860/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1324_IM-0209", "report": "No there is an dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1324_IM-0209/0.png", "CXR1324_IM-0209/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3516_IM-1715", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Minimal blunting of the costophrenic XXXX. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3516_IM-1715/0.png", "CXR3516_IM-1715/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR187_IM-0563", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous aorta. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal airspace opacity. Prior granulomatous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR187_IM-0563/0.png", "CXR187_IM-0563/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3109_IM-1458", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3109_IM-1458/0.png", "CXR3109_IM-1458/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR763_IM-2310", "report": "There are scattered calcified granulomas. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR763_IM-2310/0.png", "CXR763_IM-2310/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2828_IM-1247", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2828_IM-1247/0.png", "CXR2828_IM-1247/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR798_IM-2332", "report": "The heart is not enlarged. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR798_IM-2332/0.png", "CXR798_IM-2332/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR606_IM-2195", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX are in XXXX and intact. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. The bilateral costophrenic XXXX are excluded from the image on the PA view. Lungs are clear without focal areas of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality. Mild degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR606_IM-2195/0.png", "CXR606_IM-2195/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR920_IM-2423", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal contour is normal without mediastinal widening. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR920_IM-2423/0.png", "CXR920_IM-2423/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2165_IM-0781-0001", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There has been interval development of bibasilar opacities. The appearance of the right base opacity XXXX atelectasis. The left base opacities could represent early pneumonia or areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2165_IM-0781-0001/0.png", "CXR2165_IM-0781-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR151_IM-0331", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR151_IM-0331/0.png", "CXR151_IM-0331/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1723_IM-0477", "report": "Heart size is normal. There are densely calcified mediastinal and right hilar lymph XXXX which suggest prior histoplasmosis exposure. No consolidating airspace disease is seen within the lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1723_IM-0477/0.png", "CXR1723_IM-0477/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1963_IM-0629", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1963_IM-0629/0.png", "CXR1963_IM-0629/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR247_IM-1000", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Lungs are clear without focal areas of consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR247_IM-1000/0.png", "CXR247_IM-1000/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2633_IM-1120", "report": "Heart size is normal. Prior calcified granulomatous disease. On the lateral view in the anterior costophrenic XXXX, there is a 2.1 x 2 cm nodular density which seems to be present previously but is more nodular in appearance on this examination. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Endplate degenerative changes of the thoracolumbar spine and mild scoliosis are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR2633_IM-1120/0.png", "CXR2633_IM-1120/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR547_IM-2151", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR547_IM-2151/0.png", "CXR547_IM-2151/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR98_IM-2467", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Reduced lung volumes with basilar atelectasis. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR98_IM-2467/0.png", "CXR98_IM-2467/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3029_IM-1404", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Clear lung XXXX bilaterally. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative seen throughout cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3029_IM-1404/0.png", "CXR3029_IM-1404/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR50_IM-2118", "report": "A XXXX XXXX lung volumes. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. cardiomegaly. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR50_IM-2118/0.png", "CXR50_IM-2118/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1875_IM-0566", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Mild tortuosity of the aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1875_IM-0566/0.png", "CXR1875_IM-0566/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR348_IM-1690", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Minimal degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR348_IM-1690/0.png", "CXR348_IM-1690/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3986_IM-2041", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR3986_IM-2041/0.png", "CXR3986_IM-2041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR545_IM-2149", "report": "Lung volumes are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in both lung bases. A hiatal hernia is present. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR545_IM-2149/0.png", "CXR545_IM-2149/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1787_IM-0513", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild granulomatous sequela are noted. The lungs are grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1787_IM-0513/0.png", "CXR1787_IM-0513/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1668_IM-0441", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. There is a discrete 1.4 cm nodule within the anterior segment of the right lower lobe. The additional nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Heart size normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is clear. Bony structures appear intact. Right unilateral nipple ring.", "image_path": [ "CXR1668_IM-0441/0.png", "CXR1668_IM-0441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3832_IM-1935", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not enlarged. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3832_IM-1935/0.png", "CXR3832_IM-1935/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3692_IM-1843", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3692_IM-1843/0.png", "CXR3692_IM-1843/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR120_IM-0133", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally with central bronchovascular crowding without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces.. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine..", "image_path": [ "CXR120_IM-0133/0.png", "CXR120_IM-0133/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2450_IM-0986", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2450_IM-0986/0.png", "CXR2450_IM-0986/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR286_IM-1267", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Calcified left suprahilar XXXX. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR286_IM-1267/0.png", "CXR286_IM-1267/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3749_IM-1874", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3749_IM-1874/0.png", "CXR3749_IM-1874/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR687_IM-2255", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal for size. There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative endplate changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR687_IM-2255/0.png", "CXR687_IM-2255/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1403_IM-0258", "report": "Heart size is normal. Mild XXXX XXXX atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1403_IM-0258/0.png", "CXR1403_IM-0258/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR914_IM-2417", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Negative for focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Middle lobe calcified granulomas. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR914_IM-2417/0.png", "CXR914_IM-2417/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2775_IM-1216", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2775_IM-1216/0.png", "CXR2775_IM-1216/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3619_IM-1791", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3619_IM-1791/0.png", "CXR3619_IM-1791/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3339_IM-1599", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3339_IM-1599/0.png", "CXR3339_IM-1599/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3967_IM-2028", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative endplate changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3967_IM-2028/0.png", "CXR3967_IM-2028/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2487_IM-1014", "report": "Chest: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Thoracic spine: Mild dextro curvature the upper thoracic spine. Evaluation of the upper thoracic bodies is limited secondary to osseous overlap. Vertebral body XXXX and disc spaces are maintained. Mild degenerative endplate changes. Lumbar spine: There are 5 nonrib-bearing lumbar type vertebral bodies. Alignment is within normal limits. Vertebral body XXXX and disc spaces are maintained. Mild degenerative change without acute displaced fracture or dislocation. Moderate amount of stool..", "image_path": [ "CXR2487_IM-1014/0.png", "CXR2487_IM-1014/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3564_IM-1749-0001", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Surgical clips again seen overlying the superior mediastinum.There is an retrocardiac density compatible hiatal hernia. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3564_IM-1749-0001/0.png", "CXR3564_IM-1749-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3928_IM-2000", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Aortic calcification. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3928_IM-2000/0.png", "CXR3928_IM-2000/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3078_IM-1438", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. There is a right lower lobe pneumonia. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3078_IM-1438/0.png", "CXR3078_IM-1438/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1736_IM-0484", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are stable and normal. Mid sternotomy XXXX again noted. Mildly low lung volumes. No significant pulmonary edema, focal lung consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1736_IM-0484/0.png", "CXR1736_IM-0484/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3548_IM-1739", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3548_IM-1739/0.png", "CXR3548_IM-1739/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3111_IM-1461", "report": "Stable appearance of previous XXXX sternotomy. Stable cardiomegaly. Stable mild bilateral interstitial opacities in which may represent mild pulmonary edema. No evidence of large pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3111_IM-1461/0.png", "CXR3111_IM-1461/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR544_IM-2148", "report": "Heart and mediastinum are normal. No focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR544_IM-2148/0.png", "CXR544_IM-2148/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3185_IM-1503", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. The lung XXXX are clear. There are no soft tissue or bony abnormalities. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3185_IM-1503/0.png", "CXR3185_IM-1503/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3659_IM-1819", "report": "Patient is status post CABG. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3659_IM-1819/0.png", "CXR3659_IM-1819/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR604_IM-2193", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. PICC line is in XXXX. The tip is in the upper right atrium.", "image_path": [ "CXR604_IM-2193/0.png", "CXR604_IM-2193/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1285_IM-0188", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. Mild nodular prominence of the right hilum, without significant change. Lung volumes are decreased, with crowding. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1285_IM-0188/0.png", "CXR1285_IM-0188/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3533_IM-1726", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is bilateral hyperinflation, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3533_IM-1726/0.png", "CXR3533_IM-1726/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3034_IM-1408", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Multilevel cervical XXXX arthritis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3034_IM-1408/0.png", "CXR3034_IM-1408/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2528_IM-1044", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2528_IM-1044/0.png", "CXR2528_IM-1044/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3296_IM-1575-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. Calcified left hilar node.", "image_path": [ "CXR3296_IM-1575-1001/0.png", "CXR3296_IM-1575-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1663_IM-0439", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1663_IM-0439/0.png", "CXR1663_IM-0439/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1730_IM-0481", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1730_IM-0481/0.png", "CXR1730_IM-0481/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2792_IM-1226", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2792_IM-1226/0.png", "CXR2792_IM-1226/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1968_IM-0630", "report": "The lateral view is nondiagnostic due to patient positioning. Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR1968_IM-0630/0.png", "CXR1968_IM-0630/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2578_IM-1078", "report": "The lungs are clear. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. There are sclerotic lesions within the XXXX, better visualized on the comparison XXXX scan. There are several bilateral rib fractures with evidence of the callus formation. The appearance is similar to the prior chest radiograph.", "image_path": [ "CXR2578_IM-1078/0.png", "CXR2578_IM-1078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR222_IM-0823", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR222_IM-0823/0.png", "CXR222_IM-0823/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR837_IM-2361", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. Right hilar calcifications XXXX sequela of prior granulomatous disease. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR837_IM-2361/0.png", "CXR837_IM-2361/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2116_IM-0745", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate healed, remote bilateral rib fractures without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2116_IM-0745/0.png", "CXR2116_IM-0745/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2584_IM-1081", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2584_IM-1081/0.png", "CXR2584_IM-1081/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR493_IM-2113", "report": "Stable appearing bilateral calcified lymph XXXX. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. No focal opacity. No large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR493_IM-2113/0.png", "CXR493_IM-2113/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1617_IM-0399", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Calcified tortuous thoracic aorta. Emphysema. Mild apical scarring. The lungs are otherwise clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1617_IM-0399/0.png", "CXR1617_IM-0399/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1804_IM-0522", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is a right chest XXXX with central venous catheter tip overlying the high SVC. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1804_IM-0522/0.png", "CXR1804_IM-0522/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1157_IM-0106", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a region of left upper lobe perihilar opacity identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1157_IM-0106/0.png", "CXR1157_IM-0106/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR918_IM-2420", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR918_IM-2420/0.png", "CXR918_IM-2420/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3921_IM-1995", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. Left-sided PICC line has been placed in the interval with tip XXXX in the innominate vein.", "image_path": [ "CXR3921_IM-1995/0.png", "CXR3921_IM-1995/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1089_IM-0061", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. Central venous catheter is again noted. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1089_IM-0061/0.png", "CXR1089_IM-0061/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2636_IM-1121", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2636_IM-1121/0.png", "CXR2636_IM-1121/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR571_IM-2170", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR571_IM-2170/0.png", "CXR571_IM-2170/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR767_IM-2312", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. No lymphadenopathy.", "image_path": [ "CXR767_IM-2312/0.png", "CXR767_IM-2312/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR783_IM-2325", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the left upper lung zone. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is hyperinflation. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal for age.", "image_path": [ "CXR783_IM-2325/0.png", "CXR783_IM-2325/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1050_IM-0038", "report": "Technically limited study secondary to patient XXXX. Decreased lung volumes with associated bronchopulmonary crowding without evidence of focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1050_IM-0038/0.png", "CXR1050_IM-0038/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR359_IM-1768", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR359_IM-1768/0.png", "CXR359_IM-1768/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2836_IM-1252", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show reduced lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding of basilar atelectasis. No definite focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette appears mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "CXR2836_IM-1252/0.png", "CXR2836_IM-1252/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1076_IM-0054", "report": "There is opacity at posterior aspect of lower chest seen on lateral view which probably represents left lower lobe consolidation. There may also be small bilateral pleural effusion. Upper limits of normal heart size. Mild central vascular prominence. Old fracture deformities of multiple right ribs.", "image_path": [ "CXR1076_IM-0054/0.png", "CXR1076_IM-0054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1138_IM-0094", "report": "No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1138_IM-0094/0.png", "CXR1138_IM-0094/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3579_IM-1759", "report": "Interval resolution of the left pleural effusion. Lungs are grossly clear. Postsurgical changes from CABG are noted. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "CXR3579_IM-1759/0.png", "CXR3579_IM-1759/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2223_IM-0827", "report": "Chest. Heart size normal. Lungs clear. XXXX unremarkable. Limited technique. Right elbow and forearm. No acute fracture, dislocation or joint effusion. Soft tissues unremarkable. Left ankle. Soft tissue XXXX around ankle. There are midfoot degenerative changes and plantar calcaneal enthesophyte. Ankle mortise intact. No acute fracture or dislocation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2223_IM-0827/0.png", "CXR2223_IM-0827/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1528_IM-0341", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Note is XXXX of an XXXX closure device which appears grossly appropriate The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR1528_IM-0341/0.png", "CXR1528_IM-0341/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2270_IM-0859", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits in overall size and appearance. Aortic XXXX, cardiac apex, and stomach are left-sided. Central vascular markings are symmetric and within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Dextro-convex scoliotic curvature of the thoracic spine. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2270_IM-0859/0.png", "CXR2270_IM-0859/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2694_IM-1165", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2694_IM-1165/0.png", "CXR2694_IM-1165/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR818_IM-2349", "report": "Heart size is stable. There is focal airspace consolidation in the lateral aspect of the right upper lobe. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR818_IM-2349/0.png", "CXR818_IM-2349/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1111_IM-0077", "report": "Lordotic projection and large body habitus. Limited mediastinal evaluation. Severe cardiomegaly. No visualized pneumothorax. No large effusion or airspace disease. No fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR1111_IM-0077/0.png", "CXR1111_IM-0077/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2839_IM-1252", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2839_IM-1252/0.png", "CXR2839_IM-1252/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR455_IM-2086", "report": "There are low lung volumes with associated bronchovascular crowding and basilar subsegmental atelectasis. There is stable prominence of the right cardiac silhouette. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There are stable chronic degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR455_IM-2086/0.png", "CXR455_IM-2086/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR549_IM-2153", "report": "Stable appearance of the left upper lung lobe with scarring, volume loss, and pleural thickening. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits normal appearance, similar to prior. Volume loss in the left lung, stable. Right lung is clear. There is no XXXX focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild scarring at the right apex. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR549_IM-2153/0.png", "CXR549_IM-2153/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1465_IM-0302", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Stable appearance of coronary stent. XXXX sternotomy changes are present. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1465_IM-0302/0.png", "CXR1465_IM-0302/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1600_IM-0390", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Thoracic aorta is mildly ectatic, stable. Old right clavicular fracture is again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1600_IM-0390/0.png", "CXR1600_IM-0390/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1934_IM-0604", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is chronic left hemidiaphragm elevation. The aorta is tortuous and ectatic with atherosclerotic calcifications.", "image_path": [ "CXR1934_IM-0604/0.png", "CXR1934_IM-0604/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR521_IM-2132", "report": "Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Heart size within normal limits for technique, no typical mediastinal widening of vascular injury. No pleural line of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR521_IM-2132/0.png", "CXR521_IM-2132/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR615_IM-2200", "report": "There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusions, or pneumothoraces. Scattered calcified nodules compatible with granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No masses or suspicious nodules. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR615_IM-2200/0.png", "CXR615_IM-2200/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1516_IM-0334", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1516_IM-0334/0.png", "CXR1516_IM-0334/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR193_IM-0601", "report": "This is an apical lordotic view the chest. Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR193_IM-0601/0.png", "CXR193_IM-0601/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3314_IM-1586", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3314_IM-1586/0.png", "CXR3314_IM-1586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR195_IM-0618", "report": "Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal cardiac contours", "image_path": [ "CXR195_IM-0618/0.png", "CXR195_IM-0618/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2111_IM-0741", "report": "Patchy airspace disease is present in the lateral view probably within the right lower lobe. There is severe underlying emphysema. The aorta is calcified. There is spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2111_IM-0741/0.png", "CXR2111_IM-0741/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3820_IM-1928", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size upper limits of normal, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Straightening of the normal thoracic kyphosis. Levocurvature the lumbar spine, incompletely imaged.", "image_path": [ "CXR3820_IM-1928/0.png", "CXR3820_IM-1928/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR888_IM-2401", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR888_IM-2401/0.png", "CXR888_IM-2401/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR490_IM-2110", "report": "Patient is slightly rotated. Normal heart size. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR490_IM-2110/0.png", "CXR490_IM-2110/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3756_IM-1880", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Unchanged XXXX opacity in the left lung base, XXXX scarring. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3756_IM-1880/0.png", "CXR3756_IM-1880/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3309_IM-1583", "report": "Heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. No focal consolidation. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3309_IM-1583/0.png", "CXR3309_IM-1583/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2306_IM-0882", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact. Mild degenerative change of the lower thoracic spine, anterior osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR2306_IM-0882/0.png", "CXR2306_IM-0882/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1350_IM-0227", "report": "Chest. No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size is normal. No focal thoracic bony findings. Hand. There is also cortical and trabecular irregularity through the XXXX of the scaphoid. There is a small cortical lucency through the base of the fourth metacarpal that may be a vascular XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1350_IM-0227/0.png", "CXR1350_IM-0227/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1550_IM-0359", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1550_IM-0359/0.png", "CXR1550_IM-0359/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3760_IM-1883", "report": "XXXX sternotomy XXXX remain in XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3760_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR3760_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2956_IM-1353", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2956_IM-1353/0.png", "CXR2956_IM-1353/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR135_IM-0227", "report": "The lungs are grossly clear without focal pneumonic consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR135_IM-0227/0.png", "CXR135_IM-0227/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1981_IM-0638", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Chronic degenerative changes are present within the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1981_IM-0638/0.png", "CXR1981_IM-0638/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1727_IM-0479", "report": "Right-sided internal jugular central venous catheter with tip approximating the right atrium. Postsurgical changes of the mediastinum including sternotomy XXXX. Left base opacities again noted, stable. There is a left lung opacity, not well appreciated on prior. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Low lung volumes. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1727_IM-0479/0.png", "CXR1727_IM-0479/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1018_IM-0014", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are small calcified granulomata in the right lateral lung.", "image_path": [ "CXR1018_IM-0014/0.png", "CXR1018_IM-0014/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3966_IM-2028", "report": "Chest: The heart is normal size with normal appearance of the cardia mediastinal silhouette. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes and thoracic spine. Right knee: There are severe tricompartmental degenerative changes with obliteration of the joint spaces. There is no fracture or dislocation. Left knee: There is joint space loss most prominent in the medial compartment. The XXXX of lateral view and limits evaluation for an effusion or the patellofemoral joint space. There is no fracture or dislocation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3966_IM-2028/0.png", "CXR3966_IM-2028/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3414_IM-1650", "report": "Heart size appears enlarged. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR3414_IM-1650/0.png", "CXR3414_IM-1650/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3234_IM-1531", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3234_IM-1531/0.png", "CXR3234_IM-1531/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2753_IM-1203", "report": "Stable calcified superior mediastinal lymph XXXX. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2753_IM-1203/0.png", "CXR2753_IM-1203/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1289_IM-0189", "report": "One XXXX are low. Both costophrenic XXXX are blunted. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. No visible infiltrates in the aerated lungs.", "image_path": [ "CXR1289_IM-0189/0.png", "CXR1289_IM-0189/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2855_IM-1263", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2855_IM-1263/0.png", "CXR2855_IM-1263/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1800_IM-0520", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded bilaterally, with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1800_IM-0520/0.png", "CXR1800_IM-0520/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR722_IM-2282", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR722_IM-2282/0.png", "CXR722_IM-2282/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1576_IM-0375", "report": "Lumbar and are low. No infiltrates. Heart size normal. A large hiatal hernia is present. An age-indeterminate XXXX fracture is present in the lower thoracic vertebra. Scoliosis is present in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1576_IM-0375/0.png", "CXR1576_IM-0375/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2754_IM-1204", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2754_IM-1204/0.png", "CXR2754_IM-1204/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3918_IM-1992", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with mildly flattened posterior diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Heart size within normal limits. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3918_IM-1992/0.png", "CXR3918_IM-1992/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1382_IM-0245", "report": "2 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1382_IM-0245/0.png", "CXR1382_IM-0245/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1625_IM-0406", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are present. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1625_IM-0406/0.png", "CXR1625_IM-0406/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2403_IM-0951", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact. Stable left basilar atelectasis versus scarring.", "image_path": [ "CXR2403_IM-0951/0.png", "CXR2403_IM-0951/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR256_IM-1064", "report": "Postoperative changes are present in the left fifth rib. Residual radiopaque sutures are also present in the left upper lobe. The lungs are clear with no infiltrates or masses. Heart and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR256_IM-1064/0.png", "CXR256_IM-1064/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3450_IM-1673", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3450_IM-1673/0.png", "CXR3450_IM-1673/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3095_IM-1448", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. There are diffusely increased interstitial opacities bilaterally. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3095_IM-1448/0.png", "CXR3095_IM-1448/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2527_IM-1043", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2527_IM-1043/0.png", "CXR2527_IM-1043/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1333_IM-0214", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Morgagni hernia, stable. Lungs are expanded and clear of air space disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals diffuse demineralization with stable anterior wedging at the lower thoracic levels.", "image_path": [ "CXR1333_IM-0214/0.png", "CXR1333_IM-0214/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR326_IM-1546", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal. No osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR326_IM-1546/0.png", "CXR326_IM-1546/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3501_IM-1706", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3501_IM-1706/0.png", "CXR3501_IM-1706/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1554_IM-0361", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1554_IM-0361/0.png", "CXR1554_IM-0361/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR531_IM-2140", "report": "Right thorax volume loss with some degree of left-to-right mediastinal shift. Relative hyperlucency of left lung, XXXX compensatory hyperinflation. Diminutive right hilar silhouette, compatible with absence of right XXXX pulmonary artery, as noted on prior CT. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR531_IM-2140/0.png", "CXR531_IM-2140/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR697_IM-2262", "report": "There is obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm, suggesting left retrocardiac airspace disease. This is not identified in the lateral view, which is limited by rotation. No evidence for effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR697_IM-2262/0.png", "CXR697_IM-2262/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR756_IM-2307", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. No airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR756_IM-2307/0.png", "CXR756_IM-2307/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1562_IM-0367", "report": "Low lung volumes with magnified appearance of the heart, XXXX normal heart size. Negative for consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1562_IM-0367/0.png", "CXR1562_IM-0367/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2503_IM-1028", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2503_IM-1028/0.png", "CXR2503_IM-1028/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1940_IM-0610", "report": "Postsurgical changes noted overlying the left axilla. No focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1940_IM-0610/0.png", "CXR1940_IM-0610/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR553_IM-2155", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Scattered calcified granulomas. Hyperexpanded lungs. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes in the spine without acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR553_IM-2155/0.png", "CXR553_IM-2155/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR452_IM-2083", "report": "The lungs appear clear. No evidence of focal pneumonia. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. There is suture material at the left apex suggesting prior lung surgery. In the pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours appear normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR452_IM-2083/0.png", "CXR452_IM-2083/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2870_IM-1276", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2870_IM-1276/0.png", "CXR2870_IM-1276/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1912_IM-0594", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1912_IM-0594/0.png", "CXR1912_IM-0594/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2372_IM-0933-0001", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Bandlike opacities are present in the right lung. Appearance suggest atelectasis. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2372_IM-0933-0001/0.png", "CXR2372_IM-0933-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3121_IM-1466", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. Calcified granuloma right midlung. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3121_IM-1466/0.png", "CXR3121_IM-1466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3206_IM-1513", "report": "Heart size is normal. No large effusions. No focal airspace opacities. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3206_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3206_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2158_IM-0776", "report": "There are diffuse increased interstitial markings, suggestive of pulmonary fibrosis in bilateral lung XXXX. The fibrosis appears to slightly increased XXXX compared to previous examination, in XXXX. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2158_IM-0776/0.png", "CXR2158_IM-0776/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1240_IM-0162", "report": "Feeding tube passes below the left hemidiaphragm. Left subclavian central line tip is at the upper SVC. Shunt tubing courses along the anterior left hemithorax. There is grossly stable left lower lobe consolidation. Stable mild residual medial right basilar airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1240_IM-0162/0.png", "CXR1240_IM-0162/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2470_IM-1001", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. No focal airspace disease. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2470_IM-1001/0.png", "CXR2470_IM-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2394_IM-0944", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2394_IM-0944/0.png", "CXR2394_IM-0944/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2444_IM-0980", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Acromioclavicular joint degenerative change.", "image_path": [ "CXR2444_IM-0980/0.png", "CXR2444_IM-0980/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3731_IM-1865", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart and mediastinum appear normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3731_IM-1865/0.png", "CXR3731_IM-1865/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2174_IM-0787", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours, lungs, pleura, osseous structures and visualized upper abdomen are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2174_IM-0787/0.png", "CXR2174_IM-0787/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR48_IM-2103", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are well-inflated and clear. There is an 8mm nodule in the left lower lobe, XXXX calcified granuloma. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Bony structures of the thorax are intact with minimal early degenerative change.", "image_path": [ "CXR48_IM-2103/0.png", "CXR48_IM-2103/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2885_IM-1287", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is an obliquely oriented XXXX lucency through the posterior right 12th rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR2885_IM-1287/0.png", "CXR2885_IM-1287/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1492_IM-0318", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. There is stable lucency in the right mid clavicle dating back to XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1492_IM-0318/0.png", "CXR1492_IM-0318/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3146_IM-1479", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3146_IM-1479/0.png", "CXR3146_IM-1479/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3652_IM-1814", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact. There are calcified right hilar granulomas. There is mild thoracic dextroscoliosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3652_IM-1814/0.png", "CXR3652_IM-1814/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2693_IM-1165", "report": "There are low lung volumes. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2693_IM-1165/0.png", "CXR2693_IM-1165/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3941_IM-2012-0001", "report": "Cardiomegaly. No focal consolidation. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact. Levocurvature of the thoracic spine. Lumbar vertebral body stabilization XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3941_IM-2012-0001/0.png", "CXR3941_IM-2012-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3045_IM-1418", "report": "Heart size and vascularity normal. Mediastinal contour normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR3045_IM-1418/0.png", "CXR3045_IM-1418/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR955_IM-2449", "report": "Stable position of right central venous catheter. Interval removal of nasogastric tube. Heart size is normal. Persistent prominent interstitial markings of the right upper lobe. There are no XXXX focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR955_IM-2449/0.png", "CXR955_IM-2449/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2177_IM-0789", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. There is enlarged heart silhouette. Decreased lung volumes. Lungs demonstrate bibasilar airspace opacities better visualized on lateral view. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the bilateral XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2177_IM-0789/0.png", "CXR2177_IM-0789/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR200_IM-0653", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR200_IM-0653/0.png", "CXR200_IM-0653/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2563_IM-1066", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2563_IM-1066/0.png", "CXR2563_IM-1066/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR984_IM-2471", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding and scattered XXXX opacities in the bilateral lung bases. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR984_IM-2471/0.png", "CXR984_IM-2471/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1688_IM-0450", "report": "Heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are otherwise clear bilaterally without effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1688_IM-0450/0.png", "CXR1688_IM-0450/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2877_IM-1283", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2877_IM-1283/0.png", "CXR2877_IM-1283/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2256_IM-0848", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. One AP view is expiratory and was repeated. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no focal infiltrates. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2256_IM-0848/0.png", "CXR2256_IM-0848/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1084_IM-0058", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1084_IM-0058/0.png", "CXR1084_IM-0058/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3254_IM-1543", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3254_IM-1543/0.png", "CXR3254_IM-1543/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2084_IM-0715-1001", "report": "Left chest wall Mediport placement with venous catheter tip in superior XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiac contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. Clear lungs bilaterally. XXXX fracture seen at T5 and L2 with areas of sclerosis throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2084_IM-0715-1001/0.png", "CXR2084_IM-0715-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR595_IM-2187", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR595_IM-2187/0.png", "CXR595_IM-2187/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3148_IM-1480", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal contour is mild cardiomegaly. No pneumothorax or significant pulmonary edema. Small left pleural effusion. No focal lung consolidation. Mildly low lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "CXR3148_IM-1480/0.png", "CXR3148_IM-1480/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2509_IM-1031", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded, with increased AP diameter of the chest. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and normal. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2509_IM-1031/0.png", "CXR2509_IM-1031/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1368_IM-0237", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1368_IM-0237/0.png", "CXR1368_IM-0237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR792_IM-2330", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR792_IM-2330/0.png", "CXR792_IM-2330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2622_IM-1110", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. Tracheostomy tip approximately 5 cm above the carina. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2622_IM-1110/0.png", "CXR2622_IM-1110/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1918_IM-0597", "report": "There is a 1.5 cm nodular opacity projecting over left hilum. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. XXXX opacities XXXX representing surgical clips, in the midline at the level of the thoracic inlet.", "image_path": [ "CXR1918_IM-0597/0.png", "CXR1918_IM-0597/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2935_IM-1337", "report": "Scoliosis and focal eventration of the posterior left hemidiaphragm. No focal alveolar consolidation. Rotated position, considering technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits. No definite pleural effusion seen, left bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema. Exaggerated kyphosis with increased AP dimension of the thorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2935_IM-1337/0.png", "CXR2935_IM-1337/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1464_IM-0301", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma in the left lung base.", "image_path": [ "CXR1464_IM-0301/0.png", "CXR1464_IM-0301/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3565_IM-1750", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. There is redemonstration of complete opacification of the right middle lobe no significant associated volume loss. The left lung appears clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion demonstrated. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3565_IM-1750/0.png", "CXR3565_IM-1750/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2485_IM-1013", "report": "There is bilateral lower lung airspace disease. There are small to moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right. There is no pneumothorax. Mediastinal silhouette normal. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2485_IM-1013/0.png", "CXR2485_IM-1013/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR415_IM-2058", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are grossly clear. Bilateral breast prostheses are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR415_IM-2058/0.png", "CXR415_IM-2058/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3485_IM-1694", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascular appear within normal limits. The lungs appear hyperexpanded consistent with emphysema. Calcified lymph XXXX and granuloma are noted. No acute appearing focal airspace disease is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3485_IM-1694/0.png", "CXR3485_IM-1694/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1481_IM-0312", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1481_IM-0312/0.png", "CXR1481_IM-0312/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2156_IM-0775", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2156_IM-0775/0.png", "CXR2156_IM-0775/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3556_IM-1741-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been a XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart is not enlarged. Some atherosclerotic changes of the aorta are seen. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3556_IM-1741-1001/0.png", "CXR3556_IM-1741-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR52_IM-2131", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR52_IM-2131/0.png", "CXR52_IM-2131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2986_IM-1374", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild dextro curvature of the thoracic spine, possibly positional.", "image_path": [ "CXR2986_IM-1374/0.png", "CXR2986_IM-1374/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3507_IM-1709", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact. There is a mild dextro scoliotic curvature of the midthoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3507_IM-1709/0.png", "CXR3507_IM-1709/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2467_IM-0997", "report": "Negative for cardiac enlargement. Negative for vascular congestion. There are several small circular opacities in the right upper lung, some of which are centrally lucent. Negative for bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2467_IM-0997/0.png", "CXR2467_IM-0997/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3487_IM-1696", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR3487_IM-1696/0.png", "CXR3487_IM-1696/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2827_IM-1246", "report": "There is an endotracheal tube at the level of the carina, recommend retraction. Heart size is normal. The mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. XXXX shrapnel is overlying the right lower lobe. There is a round XXXX bullet overlying the T10 vertebral body. XXXX density is seen within the right lower lobe XXXX representing hemorrhage. There is a right-sided pneumothorax with 10 mm in maximal thickness. There is right axillary subcutaneous emphysema. Probable lateral right 8th rib fracture. The osseous structures are otherwise normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2827_IM-1246/0.png", "CXR2827_IM-1246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1801_IM-0520", "report": "Stable mild cardiomegaly. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1801_IM-0520/0.png", "CXR1801_IM-0520/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR942_IM-2438", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Vascular calcification is noted. No adenopathy is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR942_IM-2438/0.png", "CXR942_IM-2438/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2380_IM-0940", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. This is unchanged. No focal airspace disease is seen. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is noted. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2380_IM-0940/0.png", "CXR2380_IM-0940/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1631_IM-0412-0001", "report": "There are a few small nodular opacities in the left lung, XXXX seen on the frontal view overlying the left 6th posterior rib. Lungs otherwise appear clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No overt pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. Calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are consistent with prior granulomatous disease. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1631_IM-0412-0001/0.png", "CXR1631_IM-0412-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR158_IM-0377", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR158_IM-0377/0.png", "CXR158_IM-0377/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2233_IM-0832", "report": "Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace. Scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings with no focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2233_IM-0832/0.png", "CXR2233_IM-0832/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2113_IM-0742", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. Mild lung hyperinflation. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Degenerative changes seen within the midthoracic spine. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2113_IM-0742/0.png", "CXR2113_IM-0742/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1751_IM-0494", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1751_IM-0494/0.png", "CXR1751_IM-0494/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR221_IM-0817", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Atherosclerotic aorta. Mild blunting left costophrenic recess, possibly mild atelectasis or scarring. No confluent lobar consolidation or large volume pleural effusion. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR221_IM-0817/0.png", "CXR221_IM-0817/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1013_IM-0013", "report": "Stable mild cardiomegaly. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures intact. Right humeral head bone anchor.", "image_path": [ "CXR1013_IM-0013/0.png", "CXR1013_IM-0013/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR554_IM-2155", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR554_IM-2155/0.png", "CXR554_IM-2155/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3764_IM-1884", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3764_IM-1884/0.png", "CXR3764_IM-1884/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1340_IM-0220", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1340_IM-0220/0.png", "CXR1340_IM-0220/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR537_IM-2143", "report": "There is scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR537_IM-2143/0.png", "CXR537_IM-2143/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3154_IM-1486", "report": "There is severe dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine with chronic deformity of the bilateral ribs. The lungs are chronically hypoinflated. There is XXXX visualization of the hemidiaphragms, which may be due to basilar airspace disease/atelectasis. Evaluation of the lungs is markedly limited. Overall, the appearance is similar to the prior study from XXXX. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3154_IM-1486/0.png", "CXR3154_IM-1486/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1870_IM-0563", "report": "There is marked cardiomegaly. There is questionable dilation of the pulmonary arteries. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Prominent interstitial markings are XXXX due to low lung volumes. Elevated right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1870_IM-0563/0.png", "CXR1870_IM-0563/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR373_IM-1864", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR373_IM-1864/0.png", "CXR373_IM-1864/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3571_IM-1754", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity normal. The stomach contour normal. There is right hemidiaphragm elevation. Lungs are clear. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3571_IM-1754/0.png", "CXR3571_IM-1754/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1025_IM-0020", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Calcified granuloma, right base. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1025_IM-0020/0.png", "CXR1025_IM-0020/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2022_IM-0669", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are free of acute infiltrates and expanded. Strandy scarring in the left lower lobe is unchanged. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2022_IM-0669/0.png", "CXR2022_IM-0669/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2923_IM-1326", "report": "Clear lungs. Heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2923_IM-1326/0.png", "CXR2923_IM-1326/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1053_IM-0040", "report": "There are postoperative changes of sternotomy and CABG. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. There are scattered XXXX of subsegmental atelectasis, decreased from the prior chest radiograph. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1053_IM-0040/0.png", "CXR1053_IM-0040/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR556_IM-2156-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR556_IM-2156-1001/0.png", "CXR556_IM-2156-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1292_IM-0191", "report": "Borderline enlarged heart. Torturous/ectatic thoracic aorta. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes of the spine. There is fracture of distal right clavicle, better seen on the right shoulder radiographs dated XXXX. Small round lucency in the distal left clavicle, appears benign. Degenerative changes of both XXXX joints.", "image_path": [ "CXR1292_IM-0191/0.png", "CXR1292_IM-0191/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3297_IM-1575", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild emphysematous changes are noted. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3297_IM-1575/0.png", "CXR3297_IM-1575/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1144_IM-0097", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1144_IM-0097/0.png", "CXR1144_IM-0097/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2044_IM-0687", "report": "Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding at the bases. No focal opacity. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2044_IM-0687/0.png", "CXR2044_IM-0687/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2235_IM-0833", "report": "There are low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no focal opacity. There is no large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2235_IM-0833/0.png", "CXR2235_IM-0833/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3436_IM-1663", "report": "The lungs appear hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. Calcified granuloma is identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3436_IM-1663/0.png", "CXR3436_IM-1663/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3231_IM-1528", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size within normal limits. There is tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta, unchanged. There is right paratracheal thickening and bilateral hilar enlargement corresponding to lymphadenopathy and XXXX pulmonary arterial enlargement visualized on XXXX chest in XXXX. Radiographically, the findings are grossly stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3231_IM-1528/0.png", "CXR3231_IM-1528/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3987_IM-2041", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Stable scattered endplate degenerative changes and osteophyte formation in the thoracic spine. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3987_IM-2041/0.png", "CXR3987_IM-2041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2549_IM-1057", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2549_IM-1057/0.png", "CXR2549_IM-1057/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR172_IM-0474", "report": "Elevated right hemidiaphragm. Clear lungs. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal with tortuosity and ectasia of the aorta. Generative changes within the spine. In the upper lumbar spine there is an age-indeterminate wedge XXXX of a vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR172_IM-0474/0.png", "CXR172_IM-0474/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2752_IM-1202-0001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculaturity is increased. There is large right-sided pleural effusion and probable underlying associated compressive atelectasis. Mild perihilar XXXX opacities, XXXX edema. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2752_IM-1202-0001/0.png", "CXR2752_IM-1202-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1063_IM-0044", "report": "There is minimal XXXX opacity in the left lung base, XXXX representing atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1063_IM-0044/0.png", "CXR1063_IM-0044/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3311_IM-1586", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal as are the skeletal structures and soft tissues.", "image_path": [ "CXR3311_IM-1586/0.png", "CXR3311_IM-1586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2349_IM-0914", "report": "Heart size and vascularity normal. These contour normal. Lungs clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2349_IM-0914/0.png", "CXR2349_IM-0914/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR927_IM-2425", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. Stable tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR927_IM-2425/0.png", "CXR927_IM-2425/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1044_IM-0036", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. There has been clearing of left base airspace opacities. The lungs now appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. The lungs appear hyperexpanded consistent with emphysema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1044_IM-0036/0.png", "CXR1044_IM-0036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3642_IM-1806", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Degenerative changes of the XXXX. Tortuous aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR3642_IM-1806/0.png", "CXR3642_IM-1806/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3931_IM-2003", "report": "The heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. The XXXX are normal in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3931_IM-2003/0.png", "CXR3931_IM-2003/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3581_IM-1761", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. Pectus carinatum is noted. Calcified lymph XXXX and granuloma are noted. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Mild XXXX deformity is noted in the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3581_IM-1761/0.png", "CXR3581_IM-1761/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1101_IM-0068", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1101_IM-0068/0.png", "CXR1101_IM-0068/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2344_IM-0909", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. Postsurgical/biopsy changes overlying the right breast.", "image_path": [ "CXR2344_IM-0909/0.png", "CXR2344_IM-0909/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1178_IM-0121", "report": "Trachea is midline. Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1178_IM-0121/0.png", "CXR1178_IM-0121/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1149_IM-0101", "report": "Several calcified granulomas in bilateral hilar regions. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1149_IM-0101/0.png", "CXR1149_IM-0101/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3079_IM-1438", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Multilevel degenerative changes are seen throughout the thoracic spine. XXXX anchors XXXX over the left humeral head. There is mild bilateral acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis. Visualized upper abdomen is grossly unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3079_IM-1438/0.png", "CXR3079_IM-1438/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2868_IM-1275", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Minimal thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2868_IM-1275/0.png", "CXR2868_IM-1275/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2169_IM-0785-0001", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is a large rounded lucency in the right upper lung, XXXX large emphysematous XXXX. There are XXXX biapical opacities, XXXX scarring. No focal airspace consolidation to suggest pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Normal heart size. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2169_IM-0785-0001/0.png", "CXR2169_IM-0785-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3406_IM-1647", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma in the left midlung. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3406_IM-1647/0.png", "CXR3406_IM-1647/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3413_IM-1650", "report": "The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3413_IM-1650/0.png", "CXR3413_IM-1650/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3630_IM-1798", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. There is aortic XXXX vascular calcification. And there is a hyper left lung calcified granuloma. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion. There are vascular and skeletal senescent changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR3630_IM-1798/0.png", "CXR3630_IM-1798/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2039_IM-0683", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Large calcified granulomas in the right hilum. The lungs are otherwise clear. Prior anterior cervical fusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2039_IM-0683/0.png", "CXR2039_IM-0683/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR177_IM-0503", "report": "The heart size is enlarged. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Calcification is seen within the aortic XXXX. XXXX interstitial opacities. There are no nodules or masses. Stable appearing right perihilar calcified granulomas. No visible pneumothorax. Bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting, left worse than right. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR177_IM-0503/0.png", "CXR177_IM-0503/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1369_IM-0238", "report": "Heart size normal. Prominent epicardial fat. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1369_IM-0238/0.png", "CXR1369_IM-0238/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR95_IM-2445", "report": "There is a single calcified granuloma in the right lung base. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear bilaterally. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. There are cholecystectomy clips in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Small T-spine osteophytes are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR95_IM-2445/0.png", "CXR95_IM-2445/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR153_IM-0343", "report": "There is a right IJ central venous catheter with tip overlying the inferior SVC. Cardiac silhouette is normal size. Normal mediastinal contour and pulmonary vasculature. There is a small right pleural effusion. Otherwise, lungs are without focal airspace disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR153_IM-0343/0.png", "CXR153_IM-0343/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2871_IM-1277", "report": "The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR2871_IM-1277/0.png", "CXR2871_IM-1277/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3949_IM-2018", "report": "Apical lordotic frontal view. Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with mild cardiomegaly. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Dense left lower lung nodule suggests a previous granulomatous process. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3949_IM-2018/0.png", "CXR3949_IM-2018/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3349_IM-1606", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded consistent with emphysema. Pectus carinatum is noted. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. Calcified granuloma are noted. Vascular calcification is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3349_IM-1606/0.png", "CXR3349_IM-1606/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR428_IM-2070", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no evidence of tuberculous disease. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR428_IM-2070/0.png", "CXR428_IM-2070/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR168_IM-0448", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrates stable mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine as well as chronic left-sided rib fractures without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR168_IM-0448/0.png", "CXR168_IM-0448/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR327_IM-1552", "report": "There is stable, mild cardiomegaly with normal caliber pulmonary vasculature. There are grossly intact XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips. There is no focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR327_IM-1552/0.png", "CXR327_IM-1552/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3803_IM-1913", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of hemidiaphragms and increased retrosternal airspace. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3803_IM-1913/0.png", "CXR3803_IM-1913/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3108_IM-1457", "report": "There is XXXX airspace disease in the right lower lobe seen behind the right hemidiaphragm on PA view. This is also well seen on lateral view. Remainder of the lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3108_IM-1457/0.png", "CXR3108_IM-1457/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1915_IM-0595", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1915_IM-0595/0.png", "CXR1915_IM-0595/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3755_IM-1879", "report": "Heart size upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vascular engorgement appears within limits of normal. No consolidating airspace disease is seen within the lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bridging syndesmophytes are noted throughout visualized thoracolumbar spine. This could indicate diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. This is similar to prior imaging.", "image_path": [ "CXR3755_IM-1879/0.png", "CXR3755_IM-1879/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR496_IM-2114", "report": "Chest. Lungs are clear and expanded. Heart normal. Left knee. No change marked narrowing, large osteophyte formation, multiple synovial osteochondromas.", "image_path": [ "CXR496_IM-2114/0.png", "CXR496_IM-2114/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1192_IM-0129", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1192_IM-0129/0.png", "CXR1192_IM-0129/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2240_IM-0838", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2240_IM-0838/0.png", "CXR2240_IM-0838/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3994_IM-2045", "report": "Similar mild cardiomegaly. Of the pulmonary vascularity is prominent. No focal consolidations or effusions. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3994_IM-2045/0.png", "CXR3994_IM-2045/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1359_IM-0233", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1359_IM-0233/0.png", "CXR1359_IM-0233/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2658_IM-1140", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the thoracic aorta. No focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2658_IM-1140/0.png", "CXR2658_IM-1140/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2213_IM-0819", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Innumerable XXXX bilateral nodules are identified, most of which appear calcified on XXXX examination. There is no acute infiltrate or effusion. XXXX lingular scarring and/or atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2213_IM-0819/0.png", "CXR2213_IM-0819/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR466_IM-2094", "report": "Normal heart size. Mild tortuosity of the aorta. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious airspace opacity. Mild levoscoliosis of the lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR466_IM-2094/0.png", "CXR466_IM-2094/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3142_IM-1477", "report": "There is stable mild cardiomegaly without significant pulmonary vascular congestion. They're stable tortuosity of the aorta. There is no acute pulmonary consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3142_IM-1477/0.png", "CXR3142_IM-1477/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3502_IM-1707", "report": "There has been interval performance of CABG with multiple XXXX sternotomy XXXX, surgical clips, and CABG markers. All of the XXXX sternotomy XXXX are broken, and a fragment at a sternotomy XXXX appears to XXXX within the left posterior pleural space. Stable cardiomegaly and central pulmonary vascular prominence. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. Relative elevation of the left hemidiaphragm noted. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3502_IM-1707/0.png", "CXR3502_IM-1707/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1294_IM-0193", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1294_IM-0193/0.png", "CXR1294_IM-0193/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2762_IM-1208", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable. There is evidence of granulomatous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR2762_IM-1208/0.png", "CXR2762_IM-1208/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR889_IM-2401", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR889_IM-2401/0.png", "CXR889_IM-2401/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3915_IM-1990", "report": "There is a XXXX in the left chest with catheter tip terminating in the superior XXXX XXXX. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged, similar to prior study. There is minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no acute pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are stable mild interstitial lung changes, which could be related to chronic edema or fibrosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3915_IM-1990/0.png", "CXR3915_IM-1990/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR562_IM-2163", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR562_IM-2163/0.png", "CXR562_IM-2163/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR887_IM-2400", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR887_IM-2400/0.png", "CXR887_IM-2400/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2740_IM-1195", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2740_IM-1195/0.png", "CXR2740_IM-1195/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR17_IM-0460", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR17_IM-0460/0.png", "CXR17_IM-0460/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1624_IM-0406", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged, stable mediastinal and hilar contours, mediastinal calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1624_IM-0406/0.png", "CXR1624_IM-0406/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1422_IM-0269", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. A wedge-shaped opacity has developed in the right upper lobe. There is also XXXX patchy opacification identified in the left upper lobe. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1422_IM-0269/0.png", "CXR1422_IM-0269/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3520_IM-1718", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. Minimal streaky atelectasis the left lung base. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3520_IM-1718/0.png", "CXR3520_IM-1718/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1993_IM-0650", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Hyperexpanded lungs. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1993_IM-0650/0.png", "CXR1993_IM-0650/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3770_IM-1890", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3770_IM-1890/0.png", "CXR3770_IM-1890/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3937_IM-2008", "report": "The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3937_IM-2008/0.png", "CXR3937_IM-2008/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3134_IM-1474", "report": "Lungs appear clear. Heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3134_IM-1474/0.png", "CXR3134_IM-1474/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1499_IM-0323", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Low lung volumes. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1499_IM-0323/0.png", "CXR1499_IM-0323/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR336_IM-1613", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR336_IM-1613/0.png", "CXR336_IM-1613/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3452_IM-1675", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3452_IM-1675/0.png", "CXR3452_IM-1675/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR417_IM-2060", "report": "Stable calcified granulomas. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR417_IM-2060/0.png", "CXR417_IM-2060/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2192_IM-0802", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits.Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. The previously
described XXXX deformity in the midthoracic spine is again seen. There is subcutaneous shunt catheter tubing along the anterior chest wall", "image_path": [ "CXR2192_IM-0802/0.png", "CXR2192_IM-0802/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1225_IM-0150", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No consolidating airspace disease is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1225_IM-0150/0.png", "CXR1225_IM-0150/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2778_IM-1218", "report": "The pulmonary nodules and masses masses on previous exam are smaller and not definitely seen. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax. There is a right chest XXXX with tip projecting over the lower SVC.", "image_path": [ "CXR2778_IM-1218/0.png", "CXR2778_IM-1218/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2493_IM-1019", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2493_IM-1019/0.png", "CXR2493_IM-1019/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1105_IM-0072-1001", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Mediastinal normal width. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. XXXX scarring or atelectasis right midlung.", "image_path": [ "CXR1105_IM-0072-1001/0.png", "CXR1105_IM-0072-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3666_IM-1824", "report": "XXXX onset right basal atelectasis with airspace disease and effusion suggestive of the chest infection. Stable cardiomegaly and features of CABG. Interval XXXX removal of left PICC line, no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3666_IM-1824/0.png", "CXR3666_IM-1824/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR626_IM-2206", "report": "The heart size is on the upper limits of normal. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR626_IM-2206/0.png", "CXR626_IM-2206/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR833_IM-2359", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR833_IM-2359/0.png", "CXR833_IM-2359/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3366_IM-1618", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3366_IM-1618/0.png", "CXR3366_IM-1618/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3101_IM-1453", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. Stent is noted in the abdomen. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Calcified granuloma are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3101_IM-1453/0.png", "CXR3101_IM-1453/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1619_IM-0400", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are multiple XXXX sternotomy XXXX and surgical clips compatible with prior CABG. The most caudal XXXX sternotomy XXXX is fractured. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1619_IM-0400/0.png", "CXR1619_IM-0400/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR788_IM-2328", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen. Probable old lateral right rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR788_IM-2328/0.png", "CXR788_IM-2328/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1305_IM-0199", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1305_IM-0199/0.png", "CXR1305_IM-0199/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3315_IM-1586", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3315_IM-1586/0.png", "CXR3315_IM-1586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3628_IM-1796", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3628_IM-1796/0.png", "CXR3628_IM-1796/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2939_IM-1339", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. There are surgical clips in the right upper abdomen, XXXX from cholecystectomy. Normal heart size. Normal hilar vascular markings. The lungs are grossly clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2939_IM-1339/0.png", "CXR2939_IM-1339/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2440_IM-0978", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. Emphysematous changes are identified. There is no acute infiltrate or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2440_IM-0978/0.png", "CXR2440_IM-0978/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2803_IM-1234", "report": "There are low lung volumes. The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2803_IM-1234/0.png", "CXR2803_IM-1234/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2936_IM-1338", "report": "The heart size is mildly enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a moderate sized hiatal hernia. There mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2936_IM-1338/0.png", "CXR2936_IM-1338/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1894_IM-0581", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Subtle increased opacity of right mid hemithorax XXXX related to superimposed soft tissues. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1894_IM-0581/0.png", "CXR1894_IM-0581/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3819_IM-1926", "report": "Frontal (on two cassettes) and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. The cardiac silhouette remains markedly enlarged. There is aortic XXXX vascular calcification. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3819_IM-1926/0.png", "CXR3819_IM-1926/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2655_IM-1137", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size in appearance and stable from XXXX. The lungs are clear. Soft tissues and bony structures are unremarkable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2655_IM-1137/0.png", "CXR2655_IM-1137/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3863_IM-1957", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3863_IM-1957/0.png", "CXR3863_IM-1957/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3953_IM-2021", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3953_IM-2021/0.png", "CXR3953_IM-2021/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2532_IM-1046", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, lateral view interlobar fissural thickening. Interstitial opacities greatest in the central lungs and bases.", "image_path": [ "CXR2532_IM-1046/0.png", "CXR2532_IM-1046/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3212_IM-1517", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3212_IM-1517/0.png", "CXR3212_IM-1517/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1903_IM-0586", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1903_IM-0586/0.png", "CXR1903_IM-0586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2826_IM-1246", "report": "Prominent interstitial markings in the lungs are unchanged. No focal infiltrates. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2826_IM-1246/0.png", "CXR2826_IM-1246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1584_IM-0379", "report": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1584_IM-0379/0.png", "CXR1584_IM-0379/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2934_IM-1337", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hyperlucent but clear. There is denser lumbar scoliosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2934_IM-1337/0.png", "CXR2934_IM-1337/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1691_IM-0453", "report": "There are persistent low lung volumes. There is stable streaky left lower lobe airspace disease. Probable XXXX residual left pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Stable cardiomediastinal contour. Left-sided rib fractures are better appreciated on the XXXX chest comparison.", "image_path": [ "CXR1691_IM-0453/0.png", "CXR1691_IM-0453/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2969_IM-1360", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. Moderate severe hyperexpansion of the lungs and decreased peripheral vascular markings, consistent with emphysema. Stable biapical pleural-parenchymal scarring. Scattered granulomas. No abnormal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2969_IM-1360/0.png", "CXR2969_IM-1360/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3557_IM-1742-0001", "report": "Left PICC line and NG tube remain in XXXX. Heart size and vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. Small bilateral pleural effusions are present. No pneumothorax is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3557_IM-1742-0001/0.png", "CXR3557_IM-1742-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR192_IM-0598", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. No focal air space consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Mild thoracic spine degenerative change.", "image_path": [ "CXR192_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR192_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3903_IM-1982", "report": "The heart is is at the upper limits of normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3903_IM-1982/0.png", "CXR3903_IM-1982/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2411_IM-0957-0001", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly, stable mediastinal contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Mild bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2411_IM-0957-0001/0.png", "CXR2411_IM-0957-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2139_IM-0760", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX. Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. XXXX sternotomy XXXX and prosthetic aortic valve noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2139_IM-0760/0.png", "CXR2139_IM-0760/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3350_IM-1607-0001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3350_IM-1607-0001/0.png", "CXR3350_IM-1607-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1442_IM-0286", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1442_IM-0286/0.png", "CXR1442_IM-0286/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR105_IM-0037", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Stable position of left subclavian central venous catheter. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax. Mild blunting of the costophrenic XXXX bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR105_IM-0037/0.png", "CXR105_IM-0037/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1497_IM-0321", "report": "The heart size size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Ill-defined opacity is again noted in the region of the lingula. This is increased since the previous study. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. Mild XXXX deformity is noted in the mid-thoracic spine. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1497_IM-0321/0.png", "CXR1497_IM-0321/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3551_IM-1740", "report": "Heart size near top normal limits for technique. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Dense left lower lobe nodule suggests a previous granulomatous process.", "image_path": [ "CXR3551_IM-1740/0.png", "CXR3551_IM-1740/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3387_IM-1633", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony abnormality is identified. There is slightly increased XXXX opacity of the right base compared to the left which may minimal right basilar airspace disease, XXXX in the right middle lobe. The left lung is clear. No pneumothorax or effusion identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3387_IM-1633/0.png", "CXR3387_IM-1633/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1114_IM-0079", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1114_IM-0079/0.png", "CXR1114_IM-0079/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR100_IM-0002", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR100_IM-0002/0.png", "CXR100_IM-0002/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR902_IM-2409", "report": "The heart size of the limits of normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There is a calcified granuloma right midlung and posterior costophrenic sulcus.", "image_path": [ "CXR902_IM-2409/0.png", "CXR902_IM-2409/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2163_IM-0779", "report": "There is a calcified left upper lobe granuloma. No XXXX suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is identified. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs remain hyperexpanded. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are consistent with prior granulomatous disease. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2163_IM-0779/0.png", "CXR2163_IM-0779/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2492_IM-1018", "report": "The The cardiac silhouette and pulmonary vascularity are normal. Atherosclerotic changes are present in the thoracic aorta. The lungs are clear with no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax . Deformity of multiple left anterior ribs are present from previous fractures. Lumbar scoliosis is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2492_IM-1018/0.png", "CXR2492_IM-1018/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2173_IM-0786", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable. Unchanged degenerative changes to the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2173_IM-0786/0.png", "CXR2173_IM-0786/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR340_IM-1644", "report": "Heart size moderately enlarged, stable mediastinal contours. Lateral view curvilinear densities over the heart suggestive of coronary artery stents. Diaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR340_IM-1644/0.png", "CXR340_IM-1644/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR183_IM-0537", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is mild increased airspace opacity within the right lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate.. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Multilevel degenerative disease of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR183_IM-0537/0.png", "CXR183_IM-0537/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2711_IM-1178-0001", "report": "Right chest central venous line is noted with tip in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. No large pleural effusions. No acute focal airspace opacification.", "image_path": [ "CXR2711_IM-1178-0001/0.png", "CXR2711_IM-1178-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3092_IM-1445", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine is present.", "image_path": [ "CXR3092_IM-1445/0.png", "CXR3092_IM-1445/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1335_IM-0215", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1335_IM-0215/0.png", "CXR1335_IM-0215/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3280_IM-1561", "report": "Right middle lobe opacity is present. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3280_IM-1561/0.png", "CXR3280_IM-1561/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3392_IM-1637", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3392_IM-1637/0.png", "CXR3392_IM-1637/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1308_IM-0201", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1308_IM-0201/0.png", "CXR1308_IM-0201/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR564_IM-2165", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. There is right upper lobe airspace disease.. There is a rounded nodular opacity in the left upper lung measuring approximately 7 mm which may represent further sequela of infectious process versus other pathology. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR564_IM-2165/0.png", "CXR564_IM-2165/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR867_IM-2387", "report": "Heart size near top normal, bilateral hilar fullness nonspecific in appearance, mild aortic ectasia/tortuosity. Diaphragm flattening and relative apical lucencies suggestive of emphysema, XXXX and irregular interstitial markings, right greater than left. Prominent left epicardial fat XXXX, no focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Atrial septal occluder artifact. Mild spine curvature.", "image_path": [ "CXR867_IM-2387/0.png", "CXR867_IM-2387/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2661_IM-1142", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2661_IM-1142/0.png", "CXR2661_IM-1142/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR318_IM-1500", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR318_IM-1500/0.png", "CXR318_IM-1500/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR398_IM-2039", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, no mediastinal widening characteristic in appearance of vascular injury. Right paratracheal calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR398_IM-2039/0.png", "CXR398_IM-2039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1392_IM-0251", "report": "The aortic XXXX, cardiac apex, and stomach are left-sided. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits in overall size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular markings are symmetric and within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1392_IM-0251/0.png", "CXR1392_IM-0251/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3363_IM-1616", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are grossly clear. XXXX XXXX opacities in the lung bases. There are XXXX fragments overlying the posterior left chest, right neck base and XXXX fragments in the left costophrenic XXXX. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3363_IM-1616/0.png", "CXR3363_IM-1616/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1926_IM-0600", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1926_IM-0600/0.png", "CXR1926_IM-0600/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2172_IM-0786", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Biapical fibronodular thickening/scarring. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2172_IM-0786/0.png", "CXR2172_IM-0786/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1652_IM-0428", "report": "Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1652_IM-0428/0.png", "CXR1652_IM-0428/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR522_IM-2133", "report": "There is hyperinflation of the lungs. A small area scarring is seen in the left cardiophrenic XXXX region. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR522_IM-2133/0.png", "CXR522_IM-2133/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2353_IM-0918", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2353_IM-0918/0.png", "CXR2353_IM-0918/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3912_IM-1988", "report": "Examination is somewhat limited, the costophrenic XXXX and posterior costophrenic sulci are excluded. Patient is rotated to the right. Heart size upper limits normal, but stable. Mediastinal contour is grossly unremarkable. Lung parenchyma is clear, no focal airspace consolidation. No large effusion, no visible pneumothorax within the limits of the study.", "image_path": [ "CXR3912_IM-1988/0.png", "CXR3912_IM-1988/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2118_IM-0745", "report": "There is redemonstration of an AICD with the left chest wall with stable intact XXXX placement. Surgical cervical XXXX is redemonstrated. Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. XXXX opacity in the left upper lobe, XXXX atelectasis or scarring. No visible pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2118_IM-0745/0.png", "CXR2118_IM-0745/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3939_IM-2010", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR3939_IM-2010/0.png", "CXR3939_IM-2010/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1196_IM-0131", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. XXXX airspace disease within the left lower lung. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Surgical clips overlying the right breast.", "image_path": [ "CXR1196_IM-0131/0.png", "CXR1196_IM-0131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3623_IM-1793", "report": "Soft tissue and bony structures unremarkable. Heart size is upper limit of normal. Lung XXXX are clear. No effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified lymph XXXX stable from prior exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR3623_IM-1793/0.png", "CXR3623_IM-1793/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR397_IM-2030", "report": "There is a XXXX 7 XXXX nodular density at the left lung base. Lungs are otherwise clear. The CT scan without IV contrast could be performed for further evaluation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR397_IM-2030/0.png", "CXR397_IM-2030/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1088_IM-0061", "report": "Heart is within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild streaky opacity lateral right lung, atelectasis versus scarring.", "image_path": [ "CXR1088_IM-0061/0.png", "CXR1088_IM-0061/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR718_IM-2280", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. There is mild scoliosis of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR718_IM-2280/0.png", "CXR718_IM-2280/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR470_IM-2099", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are well-inflated and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. The bony structures of the thorax are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR470_IM-2099/0.png", "CXR470_IM-2099/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR790_IM-2329", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Surgical clips are in the epigastrium of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR790_IM-2329/0.png", "CXR790_IM-2329/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1330_IM-0213", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. Lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1330_IM-0213/0.png", "CXR1330_IM-0213/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3847_IM-1946", "report": "Both lungs remain hyperexpanded. No XXXX focal infiltrates. A small pleural or collection is XXXX present in the right apex. However, it has decreased considerably since the previous examination. Heart size remains normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3847_IM-1946/0.png", "CXR3847_IM-1946/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1174_IM-0118", "report": "Normal cardiac contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. Clear left lung XXXX. Right middle lobe with increased opacities, XXXX representative of infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "CXR1174_IM-0118/0.png", "CXR1174_IM-0118/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR477_IM-2101", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR477_IM-2101/0.png", "CXR477_IM-2101/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3209_IM-1515", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3209_IM-1515/0.png", "CXR3209_IM-1515/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1380_IM-0245", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1380_IM-0245/0.png", "CXR1380_IM-0245/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1278_IM-0185", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1278_IM-0185/0.png", "CXR1278_IM-0185/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR943_IM-2439", "report": "Heart size, cardiomediastinal silhouette, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There are no infiltrates, effusions, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR943_IM-2439/0.png", "CXR943_IM-2439/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR516_IM-2130", "report": "Normal heart. Calcified right hilar granulomas. No focal infiltrate. Midline trachea.", "image_path": [ "CXR516_IM-2130/0.png", "CXR516_IM-2130/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3129_IM-1471", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Tortuous aorta. There is an accessory azygos fissure in the right upper lung. No focal air space consolidations are noted. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is severe degenerative change at the thoracolumbar junction with mild anterior wedging at approximately T12.", "image_path": [ "CXR3129_IM-1471/0.png", "CXR3129_IM-1471/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1048_IM-0036", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. Mild bilateral acromioclavicular joint and thoracic spine degenerative changes are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1048_IM-0036/0.png", "CXR1048_IM-0036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3187_IM-1503", "report": "PA and lateral views. stable postoperative changes with midline sternotomy XXXX and myocardial revascularization. Cardiac size remains mildly enlarged but stable. There is mild vascular congestion. Small bilateral pleural effusions are present, which are XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3187_IM-1503/0.png", "CXR3187_IM-1503/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR995_IM-2478", "report": "Sternotomy sutures and bypass grafts have been placed in the interval. Both lungs remain clear and expanded with no infiltrates. Pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR995_IM-2478/0.png", "CXR995_IM-2478/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3494_IM-1699", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There is no focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. The cardiomediastinal contours is grossly normal in size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3494_IM-1699/0.png", "CXR3494_IM-1699/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1118_IM-0079", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1118_IM-0079/0.png", "CXR1118_IM-0079/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR892_IM-2403", "report": "There is hyperinflation. There is some subtle scarring in the lateral right base. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR892_IM-2403/0.png", "CXR892_IM-2403/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2224_IM-0828", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Scattered granulomas and bilateral perihilar calcified lymph XXXX. Stable lingular scarring. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2224_IM-0828/0.png", "CXR2224_IM-0828/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1832_IM-0538", "report": "Interval removal of cardiac XXXX generator. Cardiomegaly. Left base streaky opacities again noted. No large focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. Osseous structures intact. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1832_IM-0538/0.png", "CXR1832_IM-0538/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR451_IM-2082", "report": "On the right there is marked narrowing of the hip joint space uniformly throughout. Osteophyte formation is present with some sclerosis and subchondral cyst formation vertically along the superior acetabulum and femoral head. I do not see evidence for fracture or destructive process. AP view of the femur shows no femoral XXXX destructive process or other significant abnormality. For of the Left hip shows near-complete obliteration of the joint space with severe subchondral sclerosis and cystic formation in both the superior acetabulum and superior aspect of the femoral head. No fracture or destructive process is identified. Surgical markers were XXXX in the images and left hip for the purpose of surgical planning. PA and lateral chest show the lungs to be clear. There may be some hyperinflation. No pleural effusion is identified. The heart is normal in size. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. The skeletal structures appear normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR451_IM-2082/0.png", "CXR451_IM-2082/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2097_IM-0727-1001", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2097_IM-0727-1001/0.png", "CXR2097_IM-0727-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR84_IM-2363", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding as a result. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air.", "image_path": [ "CXR84_IM-2363/0.png", "CXR84_IM-2363/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2621_IM-1109", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2621_IM-1109/0.png", "CXR2621_IM-1109/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1501_IM-0327", "report": "Chest. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated. Consolidation and atelectasis are present in the right lung base. Left lung is clear. No pleural air collections. Shoulder and clavicle. Fractures present in the right scapula the base of the glenoid process. It is attached to the coracoid process and a portion of the spine. The humeral head is located within the glenoid articular surface. Cutaneous air is present. Fracture is present in the posterior portion of the right 3rd rib. The acromioclavicular joint and coracoclavicular joints are widened.", "image_path": [ "CXR1501_IM-0327/0.png", "CXR1501_IM-0327/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3337_IM-1598", "report": "Chest. Lungs are clear and expanded. Heart size normal. A calcified pleural plaque in the right subpulmonic area has not XXXX since the abdomen CT. Left and right knees. XXXX, XXXX spaces, and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3337_IM-1598/0.png", "CXR3337_IM-1598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1100_IM-0068", "report": "Heart is large. Pulmonary XXXX are engorged. Bibasilar interstitial infiltrates and bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1100_IM-0068/0.png", "CXR1100_IM-0068/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR189_IM-0578", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a 1 cm focal opacity in the right lung apex incompletely evaluated by this exam. There is minimal left basilar XXXX opacity compatible with scarring or atelectasis. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR189_IM-0578/0.png", "CXR189_IM-0578/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3354_IM-1609", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Hyperinflated lungs with flattening of diaphragms, compatible with emphysema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3354_IM-1609/0.png", "CXR3354_IM-1609/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR329_IM-1571", "report": "Stable borderline enlarged cardiac contour. Calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. Prominent right paratracheal stripe. Emphysema. No active pulmonary disease. Mild spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR329_IM-1571/0.png", "CXR329_IM-1571/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR773_IM-2318", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Right suprahilar calcified lymph XXXX. Right lung base calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mildly hyperexpanded lungs. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR773_IM-2318/0.png", "CXR773_IM-2318/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1168_IM-0112", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1168_IM-0112/0.png", "CXR1168_IM-0112/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1827_IM-0535", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1827_IM-0535/0.png", "CXR1827_IM-0535/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3380_IM-1628", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3380_IM-1628/0.png", "CXR3380_IM-1628/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2226_IM-0830", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. First rib fracture not well demonstrated on XXXX study..", "image_path": [ "CXR2226_IM-0830/0.png", "CXR2226_IM-0830/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2072_IM-0706", "report": "Stable, nonenlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Left upper lobe calcified granuloma noted. Epigastric and right upper quadrant postsurgical changes. Interval increased bilateral interstitial opacities, with probable left lower lobe infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "CXR2072_IM-0706/0.png", "CXR2072_IM-0706/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR250_IM-1025", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR250_IM-1025/0.png", "CXR250_IM-1025/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2858_IM-1265", "report": "Heart size normal. Tortuous aorta. Sequela primary granulomatous disease. Lungs clear. Minimal spurring in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2858_IM-1265/0.png", "CXR2858_IM-1265/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3477_IM-1690", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. No evidence of active tuberculosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3477_IM-1690/0.png", "CXR3477_IM-1690/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1424_IM-0271", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1424_IM-0271/0.png", "CXR1424_IM-0271/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1609_IM-0394", "report": "Calcified lymph XXXX in both XXXX. XXXX amount of focal atelectasis posterior to the left heart. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or large focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1609_IM-0394/0.png", "CXR1609_IM-0394/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2848_IM-1256", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Lungs are clear. Calcified hilar XXXX. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Soft tissues and showed unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2848_IM-1256/0.png", "CXR2848_IM-1256/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3704_IM-1851", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR3704_IM-1851/0.png", "CXR3704_IM-1851/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR234_IM-0906-0001", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without focal consolidation or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No layering pleural effusion or pneumothorax seen on decubitus exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR234_IM-0906-0001/0.png", "CXR234_IM-0906-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3176_IM-1497", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3176_IM-1497/0.png", "CXR3176_IM-1497/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR944_IM-2440", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. Mild tortuosity of the aorta. Low lung volumes, however lungs are grossly clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR944_IM-2440/0.png", "CXR944_IM-2440/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2804_IM-1235", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No nodules or adenopathy is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2804_IM-1235/0.png", "CXR2804_IM-1235/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR99_IM-2476", "report": "Normal heart and mediastinum. Clear lungs. Trachea is midline. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Radiopaque foreign body overlying left chest.", "image_path": [ "CXR99_IM-2476/0.png", "CXR99_IM-2476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR299_IM-1377", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact. Small hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR299_IM-1377/0.png", "CXR299_IM-1377/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3852_IM-1949", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax or focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine without fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR3852_IM-1949/0.png", "CXR3852_IM-1949/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3012_IM-1390", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3012_IM-1390/0.png", "CXR3012_IM-1390/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1671_IM-0442", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, focal airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1671_IM-0442/0.png", "CXR1671_IM-0442/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3174_IM-1496", "report": "The lungs are hyperinflated with biapical pleural-parenchymal scarring and upward retraction of the XXXX, similar to the prior study. There are multiple reticular-nodular opacities in the upper lobes bilaterally which appear grossly stable from the prior study. There is no evidence of XXXX, focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3174_IM-1496/0.png", "CXR3174_IM-1496/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3365_IM-1618", "report": "No large pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No focal airspace opacities. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3365_IM-1618/0.png", "CXR3365_IM-1618/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2181_IM-0793-1001", "report": "Heart size is moderately enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is suspected right lower lobe airspace opacity XXXX demonstrated on the lateral study. There is a fracture of superior sternotomy XXXX unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR2181_IM-0793-1001/0.png", "CXR2181_IM-0793-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3952_IM-2020", "report": "Unchanged elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is mildly enlarged. Mild degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine anterior osteophytes noted inferiorly. Pulmonary artery prominence.", "image_path": [ "CXR3952_IM-2020/0.png", "CXR3952_IM-2020/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1268_IM-0180", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. There is no obvious displaced rib fracture. If there is concern for fracture consider rib series.", "image_path": [ "CXR1268_IM-0180/0.png", "CXR1268_IM-0180/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2340_IM-0907", "report": "Chest. Lung volumes are low, but no focal infiltrates are present. Heart and mediastinum remain normal. Abdomen. Multiple slightly distended loops are present from stomach to rectum. Formed stool is present in the rectum.", "image_path": [ "CXR2340_IM-0907/0.png", "CXR2340_IM-0907/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2812_IM-1239", "report": "Lung volumes are low. In the interval, a patchy infiltrate has developed in the right lower lobe. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2812_IM-1239/0.png", "CXR2812_IM-1239/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1360_IM-0234-0001", "report": "There are XXXX opacities within both lung bases, XXXX representing atelectasis. Heart size is upper limits of normal. No pneumothorax. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1360_IM-0234-0001/0.png", "CXR1360_IM-0234-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3240_IM-1534", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and tapering of the distal pulmonary vasculature. There is no focal consolidation. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3240_IM-1534/0.png", "CXR3240_IM-1534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2013_IM-0663", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Mild XXXX left upper lobe atelectasis or scarring. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Tortuous aorta. Hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR2013_IM-0663/0.png", "CXR2013_IM-0663/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3205_IM-1513", "report": "No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities. No definite visualized rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3205_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3205_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR725_IM-2285", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR725_IM-2285/0.png", "CXR725_IM-2285/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR627_IM-2207", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are noted. There is a prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. No consolidating airspace disease is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR627_IM-2207/0.png", "CXR627_IM-2207/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2023_IM-0669", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2023_IM-0669/0.png", "CXR2023_IM-0669/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3591_IM-1770-1001", "report": "The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a moderate hiatal hernia. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. No effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3591_IM-1770-1001/0.png", "CXR3591_IM-1770-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2820_IM-1244", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is normal in size. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2820_IM-1244/0.png", "CXR2820_IM-1244/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2332_IM-0900", "report": "The heart and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2332_IM-0900/0.png", "CXR2332_IM-0900/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2015_IM-0664", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2015_IM-0664/0.png", "CXR2015_IM-0664/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3940_IM-2011", "report": "There is a stable closure device projected over the heart. The heart and mediastinum are otherwise normal. There is stable XXXX scarring of left mid lung. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no infiltrate, effusion, mass or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3940_IM-2011/0.png", "CXR3940_IM-2011/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR498_IM-2115", "report": "Large medial right upper lobe mass lesion, measuring approximately 5.8 cm x 6.0 cm in diameter. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Lungs clear. Heart size within normal limits. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR498_IM-2115/0.png", "CXR498_IM-2115/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR202_IM-0667", "report": "AP and lateral view of the chest.", "image_path": [ "CXR202_IM-0667/0.png", "CXR202_IM-0667/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2203_IM-0812", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation. Old right rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR2203_IM-0812/0.png", "CXR2203_IM-0812/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR607_IM-2196", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Scattered bilateral calcified pulmonary nodules. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR607_IM-2196/0.png", "CXR607_IM-2196/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2542_IM-1053", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. [Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits>]. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2542_IM-1053/0.png", "CXR2542_IM-1053/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR245_IM-0985", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate left upper lobe airspace disease most XXXX pneumonia. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR245_IM-0985/0.png", "CXR245_IM-0985/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR53_IM-2138", "report": "There extremely low lung volumes. there is right basilar opacity. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR53_IM-2138/0.png", "CXR53_IM-2138/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2742_IM-1197", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Lower cervical degenerative arthritis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2742_IM-1197/0.png", "CXR2742_IM-1197/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1_1_IM-0001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1_1_IM-0001/0.png", "CXR1_1_IM-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3689_IM-1840", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. Calcified granuloma in the anterior segment of the right lower lobe. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative disc disease the thoracic spine. Coronary artery stent.", "image_path": [ "CXR3689_IM-1840/0.png", "CXR3689_IM-1840/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR138_IM-0244", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR138_IM-0244/0.png", "CXR138_IM-0244/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1462_IM-0299", "report": "No gross consolidation, atelectasis or infiltrate. No pleural fluid collection or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX is intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1462_IM-0299/0.png", "CXR1462_IM-0299/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1645_IM-0422", "report": "Stable chronic appearing left basilar opacities. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures appear intact. Degenerative changes of the visualized thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1645_IM-0422/0.png", "CXR1645_IM-0422/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3893_IM-1975", "report": "There are mildly diminished lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Normal mediastinal contour and pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are without focal airspace consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR3893_IM-1975/0.png", "CXR3893_IM-1975/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR533_IM-2140", "report": "There is prominence of the superior mediastinum which may be partially due to patient's known thyroid mass. There is increased tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal opacification. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is scoliotic curvature the thoracic spine. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR533_IM-2140/0.png", "CXR533_IM-2140/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2301_IM-0881", "report": "Radiographic attenuation obscures detail. Grossly, the lungs are clear and expanded. Heart is large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2301_IM-0881/0.png", "CXR2301_IM-0881/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR159_IM-0382", "report": "Chest. The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Left and right XXXX. Osteophytes are present at the acromioclavicular joints bilaterally and also on the humeral necks. The right glenohumeral joint is normal, but the left is narrowed. No fractures or bone destruction.", "image_path": [ "CXR159_IM-0382/0.png", "CXR159_IM-0382/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2121_IM-0747", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. There is ectasia/tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Calcified hilar lymph XXXX. Irregular calcific density projecting over the left lower lobe, stable since XXXX and may represent mitral annular calcifications. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2121_IM-0747/0.png", "CXR2121_IM-0747/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1445_IM-0287", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been interval removal of right chest tube with increased elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and XXXX right basilar atelectasis. Left basilar consolidation and pleural effusions seen. No XXXX focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is a stable left PICC with tip overlying the mid SVC and large XXXX feeding tube courses below the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1445_IM-0287/0.png", "CXR1445_IM-0287/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR324_IM-1534", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR324_IM-1534/0.png", "CXR324_IM-1534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR534_IM-2141", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Left perihilar scarring is noted in the upper lobe. Streaky opacities in the retrocardiac region XXXX reflect mild subsegmental atelectasis. There is no focal infiltrate or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR534_IM-2141/0.png", "CXR534_IM-2141/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2680_IM-1154", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2680_IM-1154/0.png", "CXR2680_IM-1154/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3956_IM-2021", "report": "AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is normal size. Mediastinum is unremarkable. Lungs are hypoinflated but clear. No focal consolidation is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3956_IM-2021/0.png", "CXR3956_IM-2021/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1428_IM-0274", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1428_IM-0274/0.png", "CXR1428_IM-0274/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2417_IM-0961", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Calcified granuloma in the left lower lobe. Minimal bibasilar airspace disease. No pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2417_IM-0961/0.png", "CXR2417_IM-0961/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1311_IM-0203", "report": "Low lung volumes with redemonstrated bronchovascular crowding. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac silhouette size is borderline enlarged.", "image_path": [ "CXR1311_IM-0203/0.png", "CXR1311_IM-0203/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR916_IM-2419", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. Numerous XXXX calcifications are again noted. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR916_IM-2419/0.png", "CXR916_IM-2419/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR744_IM-2299", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Left XXXX-a-XXXX is in XXXX. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Right upper lobe area of dense opacity is seen in the medial right apex. On a previous outside XXXX scan (XXXX), the right upper lobe was consolidated. Comparison to the XXXX XXXX from that exam shows this opacity to have decreased. No films were available, however, for direct comparison.", "image_path": [ "CXR744_IM-2299/0.png", "CXR744_IM-2299/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2457_IM-0989", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours, lungs, pleura, osseous structures and visualized upper abdomen are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2457_IM-0989/0.png", "CXR2457_IM-0989/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1520_IM-0336", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Postsurgical changes of the cervical spine are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1520_IM-0336/0.png", "CXR1520_IM-0336/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1595_IM-0386", "report": "The heart is large. Lung volumes are XXXX. XXXX opacity persists in the right midlung. No focal infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "CXR1595_IM-0386/0.png", "CXR1595_IM-0386/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3052_IM-1420", "report": "Normal heart size. Density surrounding superior mediastinum reflex combination of vascular, osseous common pleural structures. No focal airspace consolidation. Moderate degenerative disc disease with osteophyte formation bridging.", "image_path": [ "CXR3052_IM-1420/0.png", "CXR3052_IM-1420/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3455_IM-1677", "report": "Central vascular prominence and diffuse bilateral interstitial and alveolar opacities. Left basilar airspace opacities. No pneumothorax. Heart size XXXX large. XXXX unremarkable. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3455_IM-1677/0.png", "CXR3455_IM-1677/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1882_IM-0571", "report": "Clear lungs bilaterally. Normal cardiac contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1882_IM-0571/0.png", "CXR1882_IM-0571/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3249_IM-1539", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. Again seen is evidence of prior CABG. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. XXXX XXXX right and XXXX left pleural effusions. There is XXXX right greater than left bibasilar atelectasis. XXXX B-lines seen at the lung bases. No consolidation or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3249_IM-1539/0.png", "CXR3249_IM-1539/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3277_IM-1558", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. A calcified granuloma is seen in the left lower lobe. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3277_IM-1558/0.png", "CXR3277_IM-1558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1874_IM-0565", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is a thin right apical pneumothorax measuring approximately 5 mm in thickness. There is extensive subcutaneous emphysema in the right chest wall and neck. There are fractures of the right anterior 5th through 9th anterior ribs with mild displacement. Additional fractures cannot entirely be excluded. There is mild streaky airspace disease in the right lung base. Left lung is clear. There is a small hiatal hernia. There is an intrathecal catheter terminating in the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1874_IM-0565/0.png", "CXR1874_IM-0565/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2614_IM-1105", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. Prominent right paratracheal soft tissues XXXX representing adenopathy. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2614_IM-1105/0.png", "CXR2614_IM-1105/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3802_IM-1912-1001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Tortuous aorta with atherosclerotic calcification. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. There are multiple overlying leads at the level of the left lower chest, with overlying XXXX XXXX or clothing there is this is thought to account for mild increased density the left lung base on AP view, with correlate on lateral view. Degenerative spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3802_IM-1912-1001/0.png", "CXR3802_IM-1912-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR166_IM-0435", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified lymph XXXX and granuloma are noted. Mild degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR166_IM-0435/0.png", "CXR166_IM-0435/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR811_IM-2343", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is stable irregularity of the posterior left 6th rib which XXXX represents an old fracture..", "image_path": [ "CXR811_IM-2343/0.png", "CXR811_IM-2343/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR765_IM-2311", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Right XXXX-a-XXXX remains in XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR765_IM-2311/0.png", "CXR765_IM-2311/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1564_IM-0368", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours, coronary artery stent artifact, XXXX XXXX and clips suggest CABG. Mediastinal and hilar calcifications XXXX indicate a previous granulomatous process. Stable hyperinflation, bilateral upper lobe pleuroparenchymal near and nodular irregularities, right greater than left, XXXX opacities in the peripheral right lung most compatible with scarring. No XXXX abnormal pulmonary opacities, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Osseous demineralization, stable appearance of T9 and T12 XXXX fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR1564_IM-0368/0.png", "CXR1564_IM-0368/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2161_IM-0779", "report": "The heart size is upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contour appears normal and pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Otherwise, no focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2161_IM-0779/0.png", "CXR2161_IM-0779/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3470_IM-1686", "report": "The patient is rotated. The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No focal airspace opacities. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3470_IM-1686/0.png", "CXR3470_IM-1686/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2032_IM-0677", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal air space consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "CXR2032_IM-0677/0.png", "CXR2032_IM-0677/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2387_IM-0943", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal for AP projection. Mediastinal contours and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. The patient's chin obscures the bilateral lung apices. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fractures are seen. There are moderate degenerative changes along the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2387_IM-0943/0.png", "CXR2387_IM-0943/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1731_IM-0481", "report": "Low lung volumes bilaterally. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1731_IM-0481/0.png", "CXR1731_IM-0481/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1001_IM-0004", "report": "Interstitial markings are diffusely prominent throughout both lungs. Heart size is normal. Pulmonary XXXX normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1001_IM-0004/0.png", "CXR1001_IM-0004/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR337_IM-1622", "report": "Minimal XXXX opacities at the posterior sulci. A few septal lines of the left lateral sulcus. Otherwise, The lungs are clear with granulomas and XXXX sulci. Heart size upper normal thin LV contour.Unfolded calcified aorta. T-spine small osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR337_IM-1622/0.png", "CXR337_IM-1622/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2449_IM-0984", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Again seen is XXXX paraspinal foreign body which may represent a bullet fragment.", "image_path": [ "CXR2449_IM-0984/0.png", "CXR2449_IM-0984/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2342_IM-0907", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Calcified right upper lobe nodule with a granuloma is again seen but unchanged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2342_IM-0907/0.png", "CXR2342_IM-0907/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2620_IM-1109", "report": "Cardiac silhouette within normal limits. Central pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable. No edema or focal consolidation in the lungs.", "image_path": [ "CXR2620_IM-1109/0.png", "CXR2620_IM-1109/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR11_IM-0067", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR11_IM-0067/0.png", "CXR11_IM-0067/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1676_IM-0445", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. Aortic atherosclerotic calcifications. Emphysematous changes. Nodular densities projecting over right anterior fifth and six ribs. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1676_IM-0445/0.png", "CXR1676_IM-0445/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2541_IM-1053", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2541_IM-1053/0.png", "CXR2541_IM-1053/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3872_IM-1964", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3872_IM-1964/0.png", "CXR3872_IM-1964/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR715_IM-2277", "report": "There is chronic asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Compared with the prior study, there is mildly increased streaky airspace disease in the right lung base. Hilar prominence appears stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heart size is stable and grossly normal. There no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR715_IM-2277/0.png", "CXR715_IM-2277/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3014_IM-1392", "report": "There is distortion of the right hilum which may be postsurgical versus neoplastic. Volume loss of the right hand side. There is no evidence of focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Normal heart size.", "image_path": [ "CXR3014_IM-1392/0.png", "CXR3014_IM-1392/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR986_IM-2473", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR986_IM-2473/0.png", "CXR986_IM-2473/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3393_IM-1637", "report": "Lateral view, over the lingula, there is a 7mm diameter uncalcified nodule of uncertain origin. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. Mild tortuosity aorta is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3393_IM-1637/0.png", "CXR3393_IM-1637/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR298_IM-1369", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR298_IM-1369/0.png", "CXR298_IM-1369/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR714_IM-2276", "report": "Stable scarring near the right lung apex along the lateral aspect. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR714_IM-2276/0.png", "CXR714_IM-2276/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR693_IM-2259", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Grossly unchanged appearance of calcified hilar lymph XXXX and scattered calcified granulomas. Stable degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR693_IM-2259/0.png", "CXR693_IM-2259/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR576_IM-2174", "report": "Exam limited by patient rotation. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea. Stable cardiomegaly. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Persistent right pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace consolidation. There is severe degenerative changes of the right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "CXR576_IM-2174/0.png", "CXR576_IM-2174/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1717_IM-0473", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1717_IM-0473/0.png", "CXR1717_IM-0473/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR601_IM-2192", "report": "Right dual-lumen internal jugular central venous catheter seen with tip overlying the cavoatrial junction. Heart size at the upper limits of normal. Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. Patchy bibasilar air airspace opacities right greater than left. No visualized pneumothorax. Prominence of the mediastinum consistent with history of sarcoid.", "image_path": [ "CXR601_IM-2192/0.png", "CXR601_IM-2192/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2300_IM-0881", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2300_IM-0881/0.png", "CXR2300_IM-0881/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2507_IM-1030", "report": "There is bibasilar airspace disease. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits and stable. There is blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX unchanged XXXX scarring. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2507_IM-1030/0.png", "CXR2507_IM-1030/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1844_IM-0547", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the diaphragm. No focal lung consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR1844_IM-0547/0.png", "CXR1844_IM-0547/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR776_IM-2319", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits in size and appearance. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. There are prominent coarse interstitial markings throughout the lungs, with more focal streaky bibasilar opacities, seen only on the frontal XXXX, XXXX atelectasis. Negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR776_IM-2319/0.png", "CXR776_IM-2319/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1877_IM-0568", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1877_IM-0568/0.png", "CXR1877_IM-0568/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3766_IM-1885", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. There are severe arthritic changes of the XXXX with mild arthritic changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3766_IM-1885/0.png", "CXR3766_IM-1885/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2687_IM-1158", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Surgical clips overlying the left breast soft tissues. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2687_IM-1158/0.png", "CXR2687_IM-1158/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR351_IM-1712", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Minimal XXXX scarring in both lower lobes. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Stable mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR351_IM-1712/0.png", "CXR351_IM-1712/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1786_IM-0512", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Stable XXXX foreign body over the left breast (XXXX nipple piercing). Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1786_IM-0512/0.png", "CXR1786_IM-0512/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3821_IM-1929", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal air space opacity. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3821_IM-1929/0.png", "CXR3821_IM-1929/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR418_IM-2061", "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, stable mediastinal and hilar contours, surgical clips and CABG markers. Stable XXXX densities in the left base compatible with scarring or chronic subsegmental atelectasis. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Right hilar calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR418_IM-2061/0.png", "CXR418_IM-2061/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2709_IM-1175", "report": "There is a subtle left medial base opacity. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2709_IM-1175/0.png", "CXR2709_IM-1175/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2721_IM-1183", "report": "Heart size at the upper limits of normal. There are scattered calcified granulomas. No focal airspace consolidation, large effusion, or appreciable pneumothorax. Tortuous, unfolded to descending aorta. Calcified aortic XXXX. XXXX curvature of the thoracic spine. Exaggerated kyphosis. XXXX are diffusely osteopenic. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine with minimal anterior XXXX loss of several vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "CXR2721_IM-1183/0.png", "CXR2721_IM-1183/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3028_IM-1403", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX are again seen. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3028_IM-1403/0.png", "CXR3028_IM-1403/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR899_IM-2407", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The Heart and mediastinum are normal size and shape. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR899_IM-2407/0.png", "CXR899_IM-2407/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR268_IM-1153", "report": "There is a right upper lobe opacity. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR268_IM-1153/0.png", "CXR268_IM-1153/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1634_IM-0414", "report": "Calcified granulomas. Calcified hilar XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Question large pulmonary arteries. Lung XXXX are hyperexpanded. Prominent substernal air space. Aortic calcifications. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1634_IM-0414/0.png", "CXR1634_IM-0414/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2570_IM-1073", "report": "There has been interval increase in size of the cardiac silhouette from XXXX. The cardiac fluid is now mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is increased with mildly increased interstitial markings and fissural thickening, suggesting mild pulmonary edema. There is no focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2570_IM-1073/0.png", "CXR2570_IM-1073/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3362_IM-1615", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is upper limits of normal, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR3362_IM-1615/0.png", "CXR3362_IM-1615/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3361_IM-1614", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3361_IM-1614/0.png", "CXR3361_IM-1614/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR35_IM-1704", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of the hemidiaphragms. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There multilevel degenerative changes of thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR35_IM-1704/0.png", "CXR35_IM-1704/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR27_IM-1168", "report": "Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. No focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR27_IM-1168/0.png", "CXR27_IM-1168/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR579_IM-2176", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR579_IM-2176/0.png", "CXR579_IM-2176/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3440_IM-1665", "report": "Mild dextroscoliosis of the lower thoracic spine. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal in size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation of the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact", "image_path": [ "CXR3440_IM-1665/0.png", "CXR3440_IM-1665/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3695_IM-1845", "report": "The cardiac silhouette size is at the upper limits of normal. Central vascular markings are mildly prominent. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3695_IM-1845/0.png", "CXR3695_IM-1845/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR930_IM-2429", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR930_IM-2429/0.png", "CXR930_IM-2429/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3602_IM-1778", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Calcified bilateral lung and perihilar granulomas. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.. XXXX XXXX are intact without acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3602_IM-1778/0.png", "CXR3602_IM-1778/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR594_IM-2187", "report": "There are T-spine osteophytes. There calcified costochondral cartilages. There is loss of disc XXXX of a midthoracic vertebral body. There are streaky opacities in both lung bases which may represent atelectasis or scarring. No pneumothorax. The heart is borderline enlarged.", "image_path": [ "CXR594_IM-2187/0.png", "CXR594_IM-2187/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR395_IM-2019", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There are no focal air space opacities. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX suggesting prior granulomatous disease. The bony structures of the thorax are intact with no evidence of acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR395_IM-2019/0.png", "CXR395_IM-2019/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR847_IM-2369", "report": "The trachea is midline. The heart XXXX is slightly large. There are low lung volumes causing bronchovascular crowding. Otherwise the lungs appear clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR847_IM-2369/0.png", "CXR847_IM-2369/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR495_IM-2114", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Streaky airspace disease is demonstrated on the lateral examination. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR495_IM-2114/0.png", "CXR495_IM-2114/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1745_IM-0489", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size cardiac silhouette, allowing for an AP projection. Normal contour of the mediastinum and aorta. Grossly clear lungs. No obvious pneumothorax or hemothorax. No acute displaced clavicle or rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR1745_IM-0489/0.png", "CXR1745_IM-0489/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2207_IM-0815", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Tortuous thoracic aorta. There is patchy right base airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There mild degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2207_IM-0815/0.png", "CXR2207_IM-0815/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR102_IM-0016", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear, hyperaerated lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. XXXX substernal density may be related to a pectus deformity.", "image_path": [ "CXR102_IM-0016/0.png", "CXR102_IM-0016/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR572_IM-2170", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR572_IM-2170/0.png", "CXR572_IM-2170/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR295_IM-1348", "report": "Limited lateral projection. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. Healed distal left clavicular fracture noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR295_IM-1348/0.png", "CXR295_IM-1348/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR371_IM-1852", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is hyperinflation. Calcification is seen over the anterior mediastinum XXXX a calcified lymph node at is not identified on the PA projection. The heart is normal. Arthritic changes the spine are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR371_IM-1852/0.png", "CXR371_IM-1852/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2393_IM-0944", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. Biapical scarring noted. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2393_IM-0944/0.png", "CXR2393_IM-0944/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1086_IM-0059", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is corticated irregularity of the right posterior 5th rib, XXXX secondary to old rib fracture. There are no gross acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1086_IM-0059/0.png", "CXR1086_IM-0059/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2738_IM-1192", "report": "The heart size is upper limits of normal. Aorta is tortuous. The lungs are clear without focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2738_IM-1192/0.png", "CXR2738_IM-1192/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR507_IM-2125", "report": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR507_IM-2125/0.png", "CXR507_IM-2125/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1929_IM-0600", "report": "Fracture deformity proximal right humerus. Hyperinflation lungs. No pulmonary consolidation. XXXX opacity left base compatible XXXX atelectasis or XXXX scarring. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears unremarkable. Mild atherosclerotic calcification aorta. Prior chest surgery. Costophrenic XXXX clear. Visualized spine vertebrae appear normal in XXXX and alignment.", "image_path": [ "CXR1929_IM-0600/0.png", "CXR1929_IM-0600/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2343_IM-0908", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2343_IM-0908/0.png", "CXR2343_IM-0908/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1423_IM-0270", "report": "Heart size upper limits normal. Vascularity normal.Calcified breast implants obscure some detail. Lungs are clear. Vascular calcifications aorta. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR1423_IM-0270/0.png", "CXR1423_IM-0270/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2852_IM-1261", "report": "Normal cardiac contours. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. Clear lung XXXX bilaterally. No intervertebral disc narrowing or loss of vertebral body XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2852_IM-1261/0.png", "CXR2852_IM-1261/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR967_IM-2457", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, focal airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR967_IM-2457/0.png", "CXR967_IM-2457/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1491_IM-0317", "report": "There are low lung volumes. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. Calcific density in the right lung apex, compatible with calcified granuloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR1491_IM-0317/0.png", "CXR1491_IM-0317/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3665_IM-1823", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No upper lobe airspace disease or cavitary lesions identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3665_IM-1823/0.png", "CXR3665_IM-1823/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3698_IM-1846", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3698_IM-1846/0.png", "CXR3698_IM-1846/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR629_IM-2209", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Lungs are well-inflated and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or effusion. No acute bony abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR629_IM-2209/0.png", "CXR629_IM-2209/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3471_IM-1687", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. There is a rounded lucency seen above the diaphragm on lateral view, suggestive of small hiatal hernia. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3471_IM-1687/0.png", "CXR3471_IM-1687/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR312_IM-1466", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structure are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR312_IM-1466/0.png", "CXR312_IM-1466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2345_IM-0910", "report": "The heart size is at the upper limits of normal. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Mild chronic degenerative changes are present within the thoracic spine..", "image_path": [ "CXR2345_IM-0910/0.png", "CXR2345_IM-0910/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2683_IM-1156", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2683_IM-1156/0.png", "CXR2683_IM-1156/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2026_IM-0671", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2026_IM-0671/0.png", "CXR2026_IM-0671/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3574_IM-1756", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Suspected XXXX artifact over the bilateral neck soft tissues and supraclavicular fossae. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3574_IM-1756/0.png", "CXR3574_IM-1756/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1847_IM-0550", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal air space opacity, pneumothorax, or effusion. There are large calcified mediastinal and right hilar granulomas. The bony structures of the thorax are intact with no evidence of acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1847_IM-0550/0.png", "CXR1847_IM-0550/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2019_IM-0666", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2019_IM-0666/0.png", "CXR2019_IM-0666/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3332_IM-1596", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace disease. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3332_IM-1596/0.png", "CXR3332_IM-1596/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3683_IM-1835", "report": "Examination was performed with nipple markers. The previously noted small nodule in the right lower lung is not well-seen on today's study and may have been secondary to summation of structures. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3683_IM-1835/0.png", "CXR3683_IM-1835/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2248_IM-0844", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2248_IM-0844/0.png", "CXR2248_IM-0844/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3855_IM-1950", "report": "In the interval, the interval, there has been development of multiple nodules in both the upper and lower lobes bilaterally. The previously identified left lower lobe nodule has increased in size. Left hemidiaphragm is slightly elevated, possibly from splinting. The mediastinum remains normal. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3855_IM-1950/0.png", "CXR3855_IM-1950/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3690_IM-1841", "report": "The heart is again enlarged. Aorta is tortuous. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3690_IM-1841/0.png", "CXR3690_IM-1841/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1246_IM-0167", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are otherwise clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Bilateral breast prostheses with XXXX calcification.", "image_path": [ "CXR1246_IM-0167/0.png", "CXR1246_IM-0167/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR349_IM-1697", "report": "The heart size is enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. The pulmonary vasculature appears normal. Lungs are otherwise clear bilaterally. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR349_IM-1697/0.png", "CXR349_IM-1697/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3661_IM-1821", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3661_IM-1821/0.png", "CXR3661_IM-1821/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR843_IM-2366", "report": "Right lower lobe XXXX calcified granuloma. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR843_IM-2366/0.png", "CXR843_IM-2366/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2722_IM-1184", "report": "Overall low lung volumes. Lungs are grossly clear. Pleural thickening along the inferior left lateral chest. This appears relatively stable compared to the prior examination. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. cardiomegaly. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2722_IM-1184/0.png", "CXR2722_IM-1184/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR101_IM-0011", "report": "The heart is again mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable. Patient is somewhat rotated. The lungs are hypoinflated with elevated left hemidiaphragm. XXXX XXXX opacities compatible with atelectasis. No large effusion is seen. There is no focal consolidation. Pulmonary vascularity is mildly accentuated. There are bilateral degenerative changes of the XXXX with probable chronic dislocation of the left humerus. Correlate clinically.", "image_path": [ "CXR101_IM-0011/0.png", "CXR101_IM-0011/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1163_IM-0108", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Heart size upper limit of normal. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1163_IM-0108/0.png", "CXR1163_IM-0108/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1928_IM-0600", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1928_IM-0600/0.png", "CXR1928_IM-0600/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR300_IM-1385", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Mild hyperinflation of the lungs. Mild pectus excavatum deformity. Stable left mid lung calcified granuloma. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR300_IM-1385/0.png", "CXR300_IM-1385/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR952_IM-2447", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma are noted. A few XXXX opacities are present consistent with XXXX XXXX of scarring or atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR952_IM-2447/0.png", "CXR952_IM-2447/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3064_IM-1428", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is patchy airspace disease in the right lower lobe. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3064_IM-1428/0.png", "CXR3064_IM-1428/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR163_IM-0410", "report": "There are no airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. There is a vague nodular like opacity in the right midlung measuring 1.2 cm projecting through the posterior 7th and 8th ribs. This may be artifact. Chest fluoroscopy would confirm this. Heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. There are calcified subcarinal and right hilar lymph XXXX. The pleural spaces are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR163_IM-0410/0.png", "CXR163_IM-0410/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR536_IM-2143", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. The soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR536_IM-2143/0.png", "CXR536_IM-2143/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1484_IM-0313", "report": "Calcified left lower lobe granuloma. No focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Degenerative changes noted of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1484_IM-0313/0.png", "CXR1484_IM-0313/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1924_IM-0598", "report": "Rotated apical lordotic frontal projection, mild bronchovascular crowding and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings. No definite focal alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits, heavily calcified and mildly tortuous aorta. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1924_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR1924_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2854_IM-1262", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2854_IM-1262/0.png", "CXR2854_IM-1262/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3917_IM-1992", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Mild cardiomegaly without acute cardiac abnormality. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3917_IM-1992/0.png", "CXR3917_IM-1992/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR182_IM-0531", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Patchy airspace opacities in the left lower lobe, compatible with infiltrate. No large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR182_IM-0531/0.png", "CXR182_IM-0531/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1753_IM-0494", "report": "The heart size is persistently enlarged. Lung volumes are low. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1753_IM-0494/0.png", "CXR1753_IM-0494/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1341_IM-0220", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. The distal tip of a right IJ dual-lumen central venous catheter is at the XXXX which junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR1341_IM-0220/0.png", "CXR1341_IM-0220/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3421_IM-1656", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. Mildly tortuous thoracic aorta. The lungs are well aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation. Mild elevation right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR3421_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3421_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2651_IM-1136", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2651_IM-1136/0.png", "CXR2651_IM-1136/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3616_IM-1789", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. There are emphysematous changes with increased interstitial markings, particularly in the periphery and lung bases. The lungs are clear of focal infiltrates. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3616_IM-1789/0.png", "CXR3616_IM-1789/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3518_IM-1717", "report": "The heart and mediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, large effusion, or pneumothorax. The XXXX are grossly intact. Degenerative T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR3518_IM-1717/0.png", "CXR3518_IM-1717/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1531_IM-0344", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal contours with aortic ectasia/tortuosity. Left hilar and left lower lobe calcifications XXXX indicate a previous granulomatous process. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1531_IM-0344/0.png", "CXR1531_IM-0344/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1134_IM-0091", "report": "There is a left chest XXXX with tip in the mid SVC. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1134_IM-0091/0.png", "CXR1134_IM-0091/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1092_IM-0063", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1092_IM-0063/0.png", "CXR1092_IM-0063/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3368_IM-1620-0001", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Low lung volumes causing mild bronchovascular crowding. No focal airspace consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion. There is no large pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Pression: Low lung volumes without acute cardiopulmonary findings. .", "image_path": [ "CXR3368_IM-1620-0001/0.png", "CXR3368_IM-1620-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1125_IM-0082", "report": "Borderline enlarged heart. Stable mediastinal contours. Aortic XXXX calcifications. Hyperinflated lungs with chronic appearing interstitial markings, compatible with emphysema. Bilateral streaky opacities. Increased vascularity compatible with pulmonary vascular congestion. No focal airspace disease. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1125_IM-0082/0.png", "CXR1125_IM-0082/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2456_IM-0989", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There is thoracic kyphosis. There is XXXX deformity of T12 and L1, unchanged XXXX abdomen XXXX, XXXX. Aortic calcifications are noted. Fracture of right proximal humerus, incompletely evaluated.", "image_path": [ "CXR2456_IM-0989/0.png", "CXR2456_IM-0989/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1474_IM-0307", "report": "No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Granulomas are seen within the right lung. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1474_IM-0307/0.png", "CXR1474_IM-0307/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2094_IM-0724", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prominent pericardial fat XXXX is again noted. There is a stable granuloma overlying a lower thoracic vertebral body. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2094_IM-0724/0.png", "CXR2094_IM-0724/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1728_IM-0479", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion. There is no focal opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1728_IM-0479/0.png", "CXR1728_IM-0479/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3995_IM-2046", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and expansion of the retrosternal clear space. Compared with prior exam, there has been interval resolution of previously demonstrated bibasilar infiltrates. There is minimal XXXX scarring or atelectasis in the right midlung. There is no XXXX focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3995_IM-2046/0.png", "CXR3995_IM-2046/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3080_IM-1440", "report": "The cavity and the left upper lobe has decreased in size. Bilateral apical bullae and parenchymal scars are unchanged. No XXXX infiltrates in the lower lobes. Heart size remains normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3080_IM-1440/0.png", "CXR3080_IM-1440/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1734_IM-0484", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR1734_IM-0484/0.png", "CXR1734_IM-0484/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR822_IM-2352", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. There are persistent XXXX bilateral lower lobe opacities, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis and scarring. No XXXX focal infiltrate is identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR822_IM-2352/0.png", "CXR822_IM-2352/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3512_IM-1714", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3512_IM-1714/0.png", "CXR3512_IM-1714/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2289_IM-0873", "report": "Lungs are clear. blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX consistent with a small left pleural effusion and associated airspace disease. The right lung is clear. Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Heart size is upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2289_IM-0873/0.png", "CXR2289_IM-0873/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1895_IM-0581", "report": "The lateral images limited secondary to motion artifact. No focal consolidation, large pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heart size normal. XXXX unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1895_IM-0581/0.png", "CXR1895_IM-0581/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2886_IM-1288-0001", "report": "Low lung volumes. Question patchy opacity left base. No pneumothorax. Osseous structures intact. Small right effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2886_IM-1288-0001/0.png", "CXR2886_IM-1288-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1849_IM-0550", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. 8mm calcified granuloma in the right base. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1849_IM-0550/0.png", "CXR1849_IM-0550/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2595_IM-1086", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2595_IM-1086/0.png", "CXR2595_IM-1086/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR62_IM-2202", "report": "Status post XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is normal. Coronary vascular stent. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are stable. Calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR62_IM-2202/0.png", "CXR62_IM-2202/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2269_IM-0858", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The chest XXXX is in satisfactory position. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2269_IM-0858/0.png", "CXR2269_IM-0858/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2847_IM-1256", "report": "The heart size is within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is tortuous, stable from the prior radiograph. Aortic stent graft overlies the descending thoracic aorta and upper abdominal aorta, grossly stable from the prior chest radiograph. There are scattered calcified granulomas. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The left hemidiaphragm remains mildly elevated. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2847_IM-1256/0.png", "CXR2847_IM-1256/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2176_IM-0789", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2176_IM-0789/0.png", "CXR2176_IM-0789/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1665_IM-0439", "report": "Normal cardiac contour. Stable calcified granuloma left upper lobe. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Clear lungs bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR1665_IM-0439/0.png", "CXR1665_IM-0439/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2544_IM-1054", "report": "Heart is mildly enlarged but stable. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. The patient is status post valve replacement. XXXX sternotomy XXXX intact. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Residuals of prior granulomatous infection. Degenerative change of the spine. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2544_IM-1054/0.png", "CXR2544_IM-1054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR89_IM-2402", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR89_IM-2402/0.png", "CXR89_IM-2402/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2859_IM-1266", "report": "There is a rounded dense opacity in the lateral left midlung zone probably the left upper lobe most suggestive of a rounded pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2859_IM-1266/0.png", "CXR2859_IM-1266/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1189_IM-0128", "report": "Normal heart size and hilar vascular markings. Evidence of prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are no acute osseous abnormalities present. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. The soft tissues are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1189_IM-0128/0.png", "CXR1189_IM-0128/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR437_IM-2077", "report": "There are postoperative changes of sternotomy. There is cardiomegaly. The contour of the ascending aorta is prominent, consistent with known ascending aortic aneurysm. The lungs appear clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR437_IM-2077/0.png", "CXR437_IM-2077/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR173_IM-0481", "report": "Low lung volumes. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Calcified bilateral hilar lymph XXXX, greater on the left. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR173_IM-0481/0.png", "CXR173_IM-0481/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR288_IM-1284", "report": "Heart size appears within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature appears within normal limits. Radiodensity overlying the middle cardiac silhouette, XXXX representing a hiatal hernia. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR288_IM-1284/0.png", "CXR288_IM-1284/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR96_IM-2450", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR96_IM-2450/0.png", "CXR96_IM-2450/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1400_IM-0256", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1400_IM-0256/0.png", "CXR1400_IM-0256/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3671_IM-1827", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Mild patchy right upper lobe opacities, similar to slightly improved from XXXX. Left lung clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3671_IM-1827/0.png", "CXR3671_IM-1827/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3488_IM-1696", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Degenerative changes of the spine..", "image_path": [ "CXR3488_IM-1696/0.png", "CXR3488_IM-1696/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR363_IM-1798", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No focal consolidation or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR363_IM-1798/0.png", "CXR363_IM-1798/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2946_IM-1346", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. Lungs are clear of focal airspace disease. There is no pneumothorax. There is mild blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX, without definite pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2946_IM-1346/0.png", "CXR2946_IM-1346/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3407_IM-1647", "report": "Intact XXXX sternotomy XXXX and CABG markers. Calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. T-spine degenerative changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR3407_IM-1647/0.png", "CXR3407_IM-1647/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2090_IM-0722", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2090_IM-0722/0.png", "CXR2090_IM-0722/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3681_IM-1833-0001", "report": "There are lower lung volumes. There is central bronchovascular crowding. Volume loss in the medial right upper lobe seen on XXXX is not as well-demonstrated on radiography. No lobar consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3681_IM-1833-0001/0.png", "CXR3681_IM-1833-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2382_IM-0941", "report": "Moderate cardiomegaly with narrowed severe mediastinal contours. Been sternotomy XXXX noted. No pneumothorax. no large pleural effusions. No focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2382_IM-0941/0.png", "CXR2382_IM-0941/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2007_IM-0657-0001", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. The mediastinal contours are normal. There are mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2007_IM-0657-0001/0.png", "CXR2007_IM-0657-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3901_IM-1980", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Postsurgical changes of esophagectomy and gastric pull-through are stable. Bibasilar air space opacities have significantly improved. The lungs remain hypoinflated with blunted costophrenic XXXX. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3901_IM-1980/0.png", "CXR3901_IM-1980/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2824_IM-1245", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Hyperexpanded lungs. Calcified right upper lobe granuloma, unchanged. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR2824_IM-1245/0.png", "CXR2824_IM-1245/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR855_IM-2376", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR855_IM-2376/0.png", "CXR855_IM-2376/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1179_IM-0122", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. A few bandlike opacities are present on the lateral view which appear to represent small areas of scarring. Surgical clips are present in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1179_IM-0122/0.png", "CXR1179_IM-0122/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1419_IM-0267", "report": "Cardiac silhouette and pulmonary vascularity are normal. There is mild bibasilar focal atelectasis. No evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Minimal atherosclerotic changes are present in the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR1419_IM-0267/0.png", "CXR1419_IM-0267/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3207_IM-1514", "report": "There's been interval enlargement in the cardiac silhouette. These XXXX't contours are within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR3207_IM-1514/0.png", "CXR3207_IM-1514/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR128_IM-0186", "report": "Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. No focal consolidation. Prominent interstitial markings are again noted which are predominantly lower lobe and peripheral suggesting pulmonary fibrosis. This appearance is overall not significantly XXXX. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart and mediastinum are stable with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR128_IM-0186/0.png", "CXR128_IM-0186/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1990_IM-0648", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Tracheostomy tube. Probable mild cardiomegaly. Prominence of the central vasculature, unchanged. No pneumothorax pleural effusion or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1990_IM-0648/0.png", "CXR1990_IM-0648/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1145_IM-0097", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR1145_IM-0097/0.png", "CXR1145_IM-0097/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3246_IM-1538", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Prominent pulmonary arteries. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3246_IM-1538/0.png", "CXR3246_IM-1538/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR648_IM-2226", "report": "Cardiomediastinal size and contour is grossly normal for AP technique. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lower lobe. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute, displaced fractures are demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR648_IM-2226/0.png", "CXR648_IM-2226/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR67_IM-2243", "report": "There are low volumes with bronchovascular crowding. No focal infiltrate or effusion. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. No displaced fracture identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR67_IM-2243/0.png", "CXR67_IM-2243/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3267_IM-1551", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours, lungs, pleura, osseous structures and visualized upper abdomen are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3267_IM-1551/0.png", "CXR3267_IM-1551/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3740_IM-1868", "report": "XXXX diffuse right lower lobe airspace opacity is present. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3740_IM-1868/0.png", "CXR3740_IM-1868/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2538_IM-1050", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No abnormal airspace opacities or large cavitary lung lesions. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2538_IM-1050/0.png", "CXR2538_IM-1050/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1674_IM-0445", "report": "The previously seen right-sided PICC has been removed. The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1674_IM-0445/0.png", "CXR1674_IM-0445/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR519_IM-2131", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. XXXX XXXX intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR519_IM-2131/0.png", "CXR519_IM-2131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR781_IM-2323", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR781_IM-2323/0.png", "CXR781_IM-2323/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2560_IM-1064", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Stable calcified granuloma in the left upper lung. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2560_IM-1064/0.png", "CXR2560_IM-1064/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR701_IM-2266", "report": "There are postsurgical and postradiation changes of the left lung with a spiculated, hyperdense scar in the left upper thorax. There is a loss of lung volume on the left due to postsurgical change. XXXX deviation towards the left. Right lung is hyperexpanded. The right lung is clear. Heart size and vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR701_IM-2266/0.png", "CXR701_IM-2266/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR405_IM-2053", "report": "Rotated with low lung volumes. Question left atrial enlargement, XXXX appreciated on lateral view. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR405_IM-2053/0.png", "CXR405_IM-2053/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3125_IM-1469", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3125_IM-1469/0.png", "CXR3125_IM-1469/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2171_IM-0786", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. No change in the small calcified granuloma in the right upper lobe. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2171_IM-0786/0.png", "CXR2171_IM-0786/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2751_IM-1201", "report": "The Cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal. The Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2751_IM-1201/0.png", "CXR2751_IM-1201/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3663_IM-1822", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3663_IM-1822/0.png", "CXR3663_IM-1822/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3729_IM-1864", "report": "Chest. Normal heart size. Mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No focal infiltrates or masses. No pneumothorax or visible pleural fluid. No free intraperitoneal air in the diaphragm. Osseous structures unremarkable. Abdomen: There are no dilated loops of bowel to suggest obstruction. No air-fluid levels or free intraperitoneal air. No suspicious calcifications. There is XXXX XXXX curvature of the thoracolumbar spine. Otherwise the osseous structures are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3729_IM-1864/0.png", "CXR3729_IM-1864/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2296_IM-0876", "report": "The heart is normal in size with normal appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is a hiatal hernia with soft tissue projecting behind the mediastinum. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2296_IM-0876/0.png", "CXR2296_IM-0876/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR431_IM-2072", "report": "The Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Lateral views obscured by patient body habitus. There is no evidence of apical disease. XXXX are unchanged from previous exam and appear normal. Thoracic spine shows osteophyte formations at several levels.", "image_path": [ "CXR431_IM-2072/0.png", "CXR431_IM-2072/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR983_IM-2471", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. There are reticular opacities in the medial right middle lobe with tubular airway ectasia which obscures the right heart XXXX. This was present previously and is most compatible with bronchiectasis. There is no XXXX focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR983_IM-2471/0.png", "CXR983_IM-2471/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2970_IM-1362", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are stable. Stable calcification of the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is no focal air space opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR2970_IM-1362/0.png", "CXR2970_IM-1362/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2902_IM-1306", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2902_IM-1306/0.png", "CXR2902_IM-1306/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2422_IM-0965", "report": "Consolidation is developing in the left lower lobe. A patchy infiltrate is also present in the right lower lobe. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2422_IM-0965/0.png", "CXR2422_IM-0965/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2263_IM-0853", "report": "Heart size moderately enlarged, stable mediastinal contours. XXXX XXXX opacity in the left lung base. Otherwise, no focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2263_IM-0853/0.png", "CXR2263_IM-0853/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR272_IM-1182", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR272_IM-1182/0.png", "CXR272_IM-1182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2261_IM-0852", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. Incidental note XXXX of an azygos fissure. There are surgical clips, perhaps from cholecystectomy, in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR2261_IM-0852/0.png", "CXR2261_IM-0852/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR375_IM-1874", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR375_IM-1874/0.png", "CXR375_IM-1874/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3676_IM-1829-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears irregular secondary to the diffuse bilateral pulmonary interstitial disease. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Calcified lymph XXXX are demonstrated in the left hilum. No focal pulmonary consolidation. Diffuse increased bilateral pulmonary interstitial markings, consistent with the patient's history of known pulmonary fibrosis, with relative sparing of the bilateral lung apices. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion demonstrated. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3676_IM-1829-0001/0.png", "CXR3676_IM-1829-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2867_IM-1274", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The superior thoracic spine is again noted, unchanged from prior. Lucent pulmonary parenchyma is consistent appearance with emphysema and appears unchanged from prior examinations. No evidence of pneumothorax. No focal airspace disease or pleural effusion. Vague density in the medial right lung apex most XXXX representing overlying shadows of bony structures, which is stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2867_IM-1274/0.png", "CXR2867_IM-1274/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1379_IM-0243", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1379_IM-0243/0.png", "CXR1379_IM-0243/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR323_IM-1526", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Right lung calcified densities are unchanged from prior and indicate old granulomatous disease. Otherwise, the lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR323_IM-1526/0.png", "CXR323_IM-1526/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3459_IM-1679", "report": "Stable appearance of lower cervical fusion XXXX. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No focal airspace disease. Calcified nodules consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. DISH of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3459_IM-1679/0.png", "CXR3459_IM-1679/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2931_IM-1334", "report": "The trachea is midline. The heart size is normal. XXXX opacities are seen in the left lower lobe and left costodiaphragmatic XXXX, which could represent scarring or atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2931_IM-1334/0.png", "CXR2931_IM-1334/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1578_IM-0376", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal XXXX appear normal. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. No visible pneumothorax, focal airspace opacity, or pleural effusion is seen. No visible free air under the diaphragm. The osseous structures appear intact. Surgical clips are seen within the right upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1578_IM-0376/0.png", "CXR1578_IM-0376/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2095_IM-0725", "report": "Patchy subsegmental atelectasis is seen bibasilar region, no evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Old fractures seen the left 9th rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR2095_IM-0725/0.png", "CXR2095_IM-0725/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR482_IM-2106", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. Gastrostomy tube is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR482_IM-2106/0.png", "CXR482_IM-2106/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3789_IM-1902", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. Stable superior mediastinal contour appear normal pulmonary vascularity. No XXXX airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities. Right upper quadrant surgical clips.", "image_path": [ "CXR3789_IM-1902/0.png", "CXR3789_IM-1902/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3531_IM-1726", "report": "Normal heart size. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. No focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3531_IM-1726/0.png", "CXR3531_IM-1726/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3120_IM-1466", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Fractures of the posterior left 4th, 5th, and 6th ribs, age-indeterminate.", "image_path": [ "CXR3120_IM-1466/0.png", "CXR3120_IM-1466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1655_IM-0431", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation. Degenerative spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1655_IM-0431/0.png", "CXR1655_IM-0431/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2420_IM-0964-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is within normal limits. Aorta is tortuous. Right chest XXXX tip is visualized at the proximal right atrium. The lungs are grossly clear. No pneumothorax is seen. There are deformities of the left lateral 7th and 8th ribs possibly healing or old fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR2420_IM-0964-0001/0.png", "CXR2420_IM-0964-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2546_IM-1055", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2546_IM-1055/0.png", "CXR2546_IM-1055/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2745_IM-1197", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs besides scattered calcified granulomas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2745_IM-1197/0.png", "CXR2745_IM-1197/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2840_IM-1253-1001", "report": "This study is limited by the patient body habitus. Lungs appear to be clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2840_IM-1253-1001/0.png", "CXR2840_IM-1253-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1710_IM-0469", "report": "Heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1710_IM-0469/0.png", "CXR1710_IM-0469/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR845_IM-2367", "report": "Minimal subsegmental atelectasis posteriorly. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR845_IM-2367/0.png", "CXR845_IM-2367/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3100_IM-1452", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3100_IM-1452/0.png", "CXR3100_IM-1452/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3288_IM-1569", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3288_IM-1569/0.png", "CXR3288_IM-1569/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3082_IM-1441", "report": "Cardiomegaly. Interstitial opacities consistent with edema in the lower lobes. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3082_IM-1441/0.png", "CXR3082_IM-1441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1866_IM-0559", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1866_IM-0559/0.png", "CXR1866_IM-0559/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3650_IM-1813", "report": "The heart is not enlarged. The bilateral pulmonary arteries appear enlarged. The lungs are hyperexpanded the hemidiaphragms are flattened. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3650_IM-1813/0.png", "CXR3650_IM-1813/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR813_IM-2344", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are diminished lung volumes with central bronchovascular crowding. Minimal atelectasis versus scarring seen in the left lung base. Right lung is clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR813_IM-2344/0.png", "CXR813_IM-2344/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR346_IM-1680", "report": "Frontal (on two cassettes) and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR346_IM-1680/0.png", "CXR346_IM-1680/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3223_IM-1523", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3223_IM-1523/0.png", "CXR3223_IM-1523/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR515_IM-2129", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR515_IM-2129/0.png", "CXR515_IM-2129/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2102_IM-0733", "report": "Tortuosity of the aorta. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact. Unchanged eventration of the left hemidiaphragm versus small hernia (Bochdalek).", "image_path": [ "CXR2102_IM-0733/0.png", "CXR2102_IM-0733/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR56_IM-2160", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR56_IM-2160/0.png", "CXR56_IM-2160/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR219_IM-0799", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR219_IM-0799/0.png", "CXR219_IM-0799/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR503_IM-2121", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR503_IM-2121/0.png", "CXR503_IM-2121/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1923_IM-0598", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Hyperinflated lungs. Cardiomegaly. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR1923_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR1923_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1135_IM-0091", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable. Stable small calcified granuloma left base. No XXXX acute findings/opacities/infiltrates noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1135_IM-0091/0.png", "CXR1135_IM-0091/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2140_IM-0762", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified left hilar lymph XXXX. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are notable for an old apparent fracture at T12-L1 or congenital fusion unchanged from the prior study.", "image_path": [ "CXR2140_IM-0762/0.png", "CXR2140_IM-0762/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3985_IM-2041", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. Calcified granuloma in the anterior left lower lobe. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3985_IM-2041/0.png", "CXR3985_IM-2041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3892_IM-1974-0001", "report": "Normal heart size. Bibasilar patchy opacities, left greater than right. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusions. Left-sided subclavian central venous catheter with tip in the right atrium. No significant pulmonary edema. Low lung volumes. Exaggeration of the thoracic kyphosis with evidence of lower thoracic vertebral body the deep opacities. Multiple mild vertebral body wedge deformities in the mid thoracic spine. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Multiple bilateral rib fractures, some of which appear old. Interval XXXX deformity of the vertebral body XXXX XXXX the level of the two vertebroplasty XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3892_IM-1974-0001/0.png", "CXR3892_IM-1974-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2092_IM-0723", "report": "there is a rounded opacity in the right lower zone measuring 2.0 cm which is XXXX to be in the posterobasal segment. There is of uncertain etiology but would benefit from followup at XXXX some concern for neoplasm. A XXXX is recommended. No airspace disease, effusion or cavitary nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2092_IM-0723/0.png", "CXR2092_IM-0723/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2879_IM-1284", "report": "Borderline heart size. Tortuous calcified aorta. No active pulmonary disease. Mild spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2879_IM-1284/0.png", "CXR2879_IM-1284/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3002_IM-1388", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3002_IM-1388/0.png", "CXR3002_IM-1388/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR686_IM-2254", "report": "Cardiomegaly with unfolded aorta. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR686_IM-2254/0.png", "CXR686_IM-2254/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3071_IM-1433", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR3071_IM-1433/0.png", "CXR3071_IM-1433/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1435_IM-0280", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1435_IM-0280/0.png", "CXR1435_IM-0280/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR934_IM-2432", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size In appearance. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. There are diffuse, bilateral interstitial opacities, with XXXX B lines demonstrated. Small amount of subpleural edema is demonstrated in the fissures. There is mild blunting of both posterior costophrenic sulci, which may reflect XXXX effusions. Negative for pneumothorax. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX the grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR934_IM-2432/0.png", "CXR934_IM-2432/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3540_IM-1732", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are hyperexpanded. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3540_IM-1732/0.png", "CXR3540_IM-1732/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1908_IM-0590", "report": "Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Nodular opacity overlying the upper lungs bilaterally may represent overlying telemetry XXXX XXXX, correlate clinically. Otherwise, lungs are clear. No large pleural effusion no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1908_IM-0590/0.png", "CXR1908_IM-0590/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2676_IM-1151", "report": "Nasogastric tube tip XXXX within the stomach body, stable. Low lung volumes. Stable enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Relative elevation of right hemidiaphragm. Stable obscuration of lateral left diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2676_IM-1151/0.png", "CXR2676_IM-1151/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1921_IM-0598", "report": "Redemonstration of moderately-inflated lungs, consistent with COPD and unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the thoracic XXXX seen. No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1921_IM-0598/0.png", "CXR1921_IM-0598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3960_IM-2025", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Spondylosis of the midthoracic spine with large anterior osteophyte formations.", "image_path": [ "CXR3960_IM-2025/0.png", "CXR3960_IM-2025/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3841_IM-1942", "report": "No acute osseous abnormalities. Mild thoracic spine degenerative changes. Soft tissues are within normal limits. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3841_IM-1942/0.png", "CXR3841_IM-1942/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3010_IM-1389", "report": "Heart and mediastinum are at the upper limits of normal size. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. There is no acute, displaced rib fracture. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3010_IM-1389/0.png", "CXR3010_IM-1389/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3137_IM-1476", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is a calcified density in the left mid lung, most XXXX a calcified granuloma. Lungs are otherwise clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. Specifically, there is no evidence of tuberculous disease. There is no pneumothorax. The bony structures show no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3137_IM-1476/0.png", "CXR3137_IM-1476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2945_IM-1345", "report": "Diffuse bilateral coarse interstitial markings are unchanged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Degenerative changes of the shoulder. Soft tissues are unremarkable..", "image_path": [ "CXR2945_IM-1345/0.png", "CXR2945_IM-1345/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3341_IM-1602", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3341_IM-1602/0.png", "CXR3341_IM-1602/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1167_IM-0112", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are XXXX opacities in the lingula, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis or scarring. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1167_IM-0112/0.png", "CXR1167_IM-0112/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2617_IM-1106", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are hyperexpanded. No focal airspace disease. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Exaggerated kyphosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2617_IM-1106/0.png", "CXR2617_IM-1106/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR754_IM-2306", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR754_IM-2306/0.png", "CXR754_IM-2306/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1816_IM-0528", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. Again identified are numerous calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX as well as large calcifications within the left upper and left lower lobes. These appear similar to the patient's previous chest CT and are XXXX the sequela of prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are otherwise clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1816_IM-0528/0.png", "CXR1816_IM-0528/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1709_IM-0467", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is minimal XXXX opacity in the lung bases. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1709_IM-0467/0.png", "CXR1709_IM-0467/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1759_IM-0495", "report": "There is hyperexpansion. The heart size is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Two circular densities overlying the right ribs which were not present in the XXXX CT. No focal infiltrates", "image_path": [ "CXR1759_IM-0495/0.png", "CXR1759_IM-0495/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2978_IM-1367", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size and contour. There is a XXXX-A-XXXX terminating at the caval atrial junction, without evidence of pneumothorax. There is no focal airspace disease. There are small calcified nodules in the superior segment of the right lower lobe, XXXX old granulomatous infection. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2978_IM-1367/0.png", "CXR2978_IM-1367/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1056_IM-0040", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable tortuous aorta. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No suspicious focal air space opacities. Levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. Hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragms are consistent with emphysematous lung changes. Prior granulomatous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR1056_IM-0040/0.png", "CXR1056_IM-0040/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR612_IM-2199", "report": "Interval performance of anterior cervical spinal fusion, XXXX intact without complicating features. There is stable cardiomegaly, with persistent bibasilar opacities XXXX atelectasis and/or infiltrate. No XXXX focal consolidations, pneumothorax, or pleural effusions. The visualized osseous structures demonstrate mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine, without acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR612_IM-2199/0.png", "CXR612_IM-2199/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3723_IM-1860", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3723_IM-1860/0.png", "CXR3723_IM-1860/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR637_IM-2216", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR637_IM-2216/0.png", "CXR637_IM-2216/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR401_IM-2051", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX. Increased interstitial opacities.. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR401_IM-2051/0.png", "CXR401_IM-2051/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3559_IM-1744", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild levocurvature of thoracic spine. A 9 mm pulmonary nodule is noted partially overlying the posterior 6th right rib on the frontal view.", "image_path": [ "CXR3559_IM-1744/0.png", "CXR3559_IM-1744/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR618_IM-2201", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is no pulmonary nodule identified. There is a left humerus prosthesis partly demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR618_IM-2201/0.png", "CXR618_IM-2201/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2540_IM-1052", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2540_IM-1052/0.png", "CXR2540_IM-1052/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3201_IM-1513", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal. Mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3201_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3201_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3036_IM-1409", "report": "Evaluation is limited by body habitus and AP technique. Enteric suction catheter courses below diaphragm and XXXX film. Stable heart size and mediastinal contours. Low lung volumes. No pneumothorax. Cardiac XXXX generator leads XXXX over the right atrium and right ventricle. Two XXXX bilateral pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR3036_IM-1409/0.png", "CXR3036_IM-1409/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2842_IM-1254", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2842_IM-1254/0.png", "CXR2842_IM-1254/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3796_IM-1909", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3796_IM-1909/0.png", "CXR3796_IM-1909/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2106_IM-0736", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2106_IM-0736/0.png", "CXR2106_IM-0736/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1452_IM-0291", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1452_IM-0291/0.png", "CXR1452_IM-0291/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3400_IM-1644", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3400_IM-1644/0.png", "CXR3400_IM-1644/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2951_IM-1349", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. No pleural air collections. Heart and mediastinum normal. A vague lucency is present in left rib 7 anteriorly.", "image_path": [ "CXR2951_IM-1349/0.png", "CXR2951_IM-1349/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3482_IM-1692", "report": "Severe emphysematous disease is again noted. Multifocal areas of scarring are unchanged in appearance. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3482_IM-1692/0.png", "CXR3482_IM-1692/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR532_IM-2140", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR532_IM-2140/0.png", "CXR532_IM-2140/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR749_IM-2302", "report": "Negative for cardiac enlargement. Negative for vascular congestion. Bilateral granulomas are seen scattered throughout the lungs. Negative for pneumothorax. Negative for focal air space consolidation. Some minimal streaky opacity at the bilateral bases XXXX relates to subsegmental atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR749_IM-2302/0.png", "CXR749_IM-2302/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1237_IM-0159", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There is is a calcified XXXX opacity in the left lung base suggestive of old empyema, hematoma, or prior TB. No cavitary lesions are seen. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1237_IM-0159/0.png", "CXR1237_IM-0159/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2028_IM-0673", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2028_IM-0673/0.png", "CXR2028_IM-0673/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3524_IM-1721", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3524_IM-1721/0.png", "CXR3524_IM-1721/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1565_IM-0368", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation. Mild basilar atelectasis. Increased density the lung bases, favored this attenuation from overlying breast shadows.", "image_path": [ "CXR1565_IM-0368/0.png", "CXR1565_IM-0368/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR174_IM-0488", "report": "There is a left-sided PICC with tip at the caval atrial junction. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Stable short segment catheter tubing overlying the left XXXX, XXXX to reside within anterior chest soft tissues on recent chest CT. Stable remote posttraumatic changes of multiple right ribs.", "image_path": [ "CXR174_IM-0488/0.png", "CXR174_IM-0488/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3708_IM-1852", "report": "Lung volumes are decreased from XXXX, and there is resultant bronchovascular crowding. No evidence of focal airspace disease. No definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits given the low lung volumes. No free subdiaphragmatic air. Grossly stable mild degenerative changes of the right lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3708_IM-1852/0.png", "CXR3708_IM-1852/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1458_IM-0296", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly and mediastinal contour. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Left basilar airspace opacity XXXX secondary to epicardial fat and overlying soft tissues. DISH of the thoracic spine is noted. Otherwise, visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1458_IM-0296/0.png", "CXR1458_IM-0296/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1102_IM-0069", "report": "There is stable cardiomegaly with XXXX pulmonary vascular congestion and probable mild interstitial edema. There are bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar airspace disease, right greater than left. There is no pneumothorax. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1102_IM-0069/0.png", "CXR1102_IM-0069/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1211_IM-0142", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. No focal airspace opacity. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized XXXX are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR1211_IM-0142/0.png", "CXR1211_IM-0142/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3156_IM-1486", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3156_IM-1486/0.png", "CXR3156_IM-1486/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2698_IM-1167", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2698_IM-1167/0.png", "CXR2698_IM-1167/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1552_IM-0360", "report": "Low lung volumes. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild left lingular platelike atelectasis. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1552_IM-0360/0.png", "CXR1552_IM-0360/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3208_IM-1515", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3208_IM-1515/0.png", "CXR3208_IM-1515/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3408_IM-1648", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Multiple healed bilateral rib fractures. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3408_IM-1648/0.png", "CXR3408_IM-1648/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1823_IM-0534", "report": "Chest. Heart size is normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is a 13 mm nodule in the right lower lobe that is relatively dense, but not obviously calcified on the corresponding rib series. There are probably right hilar calcified lymph XXXX. Lungs otherwise are clear. There is no pleural effusion. Left ribs. No fracture or focal bony destruction.", "image_path": [ "CXR1823_IM-0534/0.png", "CXR1823_IM-0534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR114_IM-0096", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidations. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR114_IM-0096/0.png", "CXR114_IM-0096/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1961_IM-0628", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly with significantly low lung volumes and associated bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar atelectasis. No definite pleural effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax identified. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1961_IM-0628/0.png", "CXR1961_IM-0628/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1729_IM-0480", "report": "Chronic bilateral emphysematous changes. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1729_IM-0480/0.png", "CXR1729_IM-0480/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1447_IM-0289", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures short thready changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1447_IM-0289/0.png", "CXR1447_IM-0289/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1643_IM-0421", "report": "3 images. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1643_IM-0421/0.png", "CXR1643_IM-0421/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1532_IM-0344", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1532_IM-0344/0.png", "CXR1532_IM-0344/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2069_IM-0702", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2069_IM-0702/0.png", "CXR2069_IM-0702/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR720_IM-2281", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR720_IM-2281/0.png", "CXR720_IM-2281/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3067_IM-1430", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3067_IM-1430/0.png", "CXR3067_IM-1430/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3141_IM-1477", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3141_IM-1477/0.png", "CXR3141_IM-1477/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2067_IM-0701", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2067_IM-0701/0.png", "CXR2067_IM-0701/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1372_IM-0239", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Mild prominence of the mediastinum. Bibasilar predominantly interstitial pulmonary opacities. No visualized pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1372_IM-0239/0.png", "CXR1372_IM-0239/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR376_IM-1883", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No non-calcified nodules are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR376_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR376_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1639_IM-0418", "report": "The lungs are relatively clear with XXXX sulci. Heart size normal in LV contour. Slightly unfolded ascending and descending aorta. T-spine unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1639_IM-0418/0.png", "CXR1639_IM-0418/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2585_IM-1082", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There is mild blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX on the frontal view. There is also mild obscuration of the right cardiac XXXX. Airspace disease in expected location of right middle lobe also noted on the lateral view to No pleural effusion. Left lung clear. Degenerative changes spine. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2585_IM-1082/0.png", "CXR2585_IM-1082/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3648_IM-1810", "report": "The heart and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal in size and contour. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3648_IM-1810/0.png", "CXR3648_IM-1810/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2728_IM-1187", "report": "Lungs remain hyperexpanded. No change in the right middle lobe opacification. No XXXX infiltrates or masses. Pulmonary arteries are prominent centrally.", "image_path": [ "CXR2728_IM-1187/0.png", "CXR2728_IM-1187/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3675_IM-1829-0001", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette and mediastinal contours are not enlarged. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3675_IM-1829-0001/0.png", "CXR3675_IM-1829-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3658_IM-1819", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Biapical fibronodular pleural thickening/scarring. There is a XXXX like deformity of the anterior cortex of the XXXX body (lateral view). Negative for retrosternal density. Prior cholecystectomy. Critical result notification documented through Primordial.", "image_path": [ "CXR3658_IM-1819/0.png", "CXR3658_IM-1819/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3882_IM-1970", "report": "Eventration of the left diaphragm is noted. Question left basilar atelectasis versus infiltrate. No evidence of pneumothorax. Generalized lung volumes. No definite pleural effusions. Heart size within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3882_IM-1970/0.png", "CXR3882_IM-1970/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1896_IM-0581", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1896_IM-0581/0.png", "CXR1896_IM-0581/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1047_IM-0036", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1047_IM-0036/0.png", "CXR1047_IM-0036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR75_IM-2303", "report": "The heart size is stable. The aorta is ectatic and atherosclerotic but stable. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are again noted. The scarring in the left lower lobe is again noted and unchanged from prior exam. There are mild bilateral prominent lung interstitial opacities consistent with emphysematous disease. The calcified granulomas are stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR75_IM-2303/0.png", "CXR75_IM-2303/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3965_IM-2028-1001", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3965_IM-2028-1001/0.png", "CXR3965_IM-2028-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2014_IM-0664", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. There is subphrenic intraperitoneal extraluminal XXXX free XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2014_IM-0664/0.png", "CXR2014_IM-0664/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1083_IM-0058", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. No pleural effusion. There are gastroesophageal junction and epigastric postsurgical changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1083_IM-0058/0.png", "CXR1083_IM-0058/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1721_IM-0476", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The patient was shielded.", "image_path": [ "CXR1721_IM-0476/0.png", "CXR1721_IM-0476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1973_IM-0633", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size, with redemonstration of tortuous and atherosclerotic calcified thoracic aorta. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is stable compared to prior examination. Multilevel degenerative disc disease and thoracolumbar spine again noted without acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1973_IM-0633/0.png", "CXR1973_IM-0633/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR169_IM-0452", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR169_IM-0452/0.png", "CXR169_IM-0452/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2821_IM-1244", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Aortic calcifications and tortuosity. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2821_IM-1244/0.png", "CXR2821_IM-1244/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3500_IM-1706", "report": "Frontal and lateral views demonstrate the cardiomediastinal silhouette to be within normal limits. There is normal distribution of the pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3500_IM-1706/0.png", "CXR3500_IM-1706/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1737_IM-0485", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1737_IM-0485/0.png", "CXR1737_IM-0485/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2390_IM-0944", "report": "The heart is borderline in size. The mediastinum is stable with changes of XXXX sternotomy and bypass graft. Aorta is atherosclerotic. There are postsurgical changes of the left hemithorax with mild left-sided volume loss as evidenced by diaphragm elevation. Left post thoracotomy rib changes are noted. The right lung is clear. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2390_IM-0944/0.png", "CXR2390_IM-0944/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3660_IM-1820", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissue is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3660_IM-1820/0.png", "CXR3660_IM-1820/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1547_IM-0357", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Prominent left epicardial fat XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1547_IM-0357/0.png", "CXR1547_IM-0357/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1538_IM-0348", "report": "Normal heart size is prominent left ventricular contour. Unfolding of the thoracic aorta. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR1538_IM-0348/0.png", "CXR1538_IM-0348/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR994_IM-2478", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR994_IM-2478/0.png", "CXR994_IM-2478/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR506_IM-2124", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR506_IM-2124/0.png", "CXR506_IM-2124/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR457_IM-2088-1001", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma left midlung. There is round density within the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. There are prominent interstitial opacities which may represent changes associated with fibrosis. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. anterior segment of upper lobe, rounded focal density. could be XXXX lung nodule.", "image_path": [ "CXR457_IM-2088-1001/0.png", "CXR457_IM-2088-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2702_IM-1170", "report": "Cardiomegaly. Prominent XXXX are stable. Low lung volumes. No pneumothorax. Minimal right costophrenic XXXX blunting. No focal infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "CXR2702_IM-1170/0.png", "CXR2702_IM-1170/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1451_IM-0291", "report": "Left lower lobe calcified granuloma. Heart size normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild medial right atelectasis. Mild emphysema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1451_IM-0291/0.png", "CXR1451_IM-0291/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR32_IM-1511", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild blunting of right costophrenic XXXX. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR32_IM-1511/0.png", "CXR32_IM-1511/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2027_IM-0672-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. In the left midlung zone there is identified a 1.5 cm nodule. This appears somewhat dense and may contain calcium although this cannot be stated with certainty.", "image_path": [ "CXR2027_IM-0672-0001/0.png", "CXR2027_IM-0672-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1303_IM-0199-1001", "report": "In the interval, a 3 cm uncalcified mass has developed in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. In addition, on the PA view, an 8 mm opacity is adjacent to the left XXXX of the heart. This opacity cannot be well identified on the lateral view. It may be artifactual, but another mass on the left cannot be excluded. Mediastinum is normal with no evidence for adenopathy. Heart size normal. Note XXXX of an unchanged hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR1303_IM-0199-1001/0.png", "CXR1303_IM-0199-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1938_IM-0608", "report": "No focal lung opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1938_IM-0608/0.png", "CXR1938_IM-0608/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1498_IM-0322", "report": "Apical lordotic frontal view. Heart size within normal limits, mild aortic ectasia/tortuosity. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Chronic appearing contour irregularity of the distal left clavicle and XXXX XXXX widening may be posttraumatic or postsurgical, verterbroplasty noted at the thoracolumbar junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR1498_IM-0322/0.png", "CXR1498_IM-0322/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3977_IM-2036", "report": "Normal heart size. Stable unfolding the thoracic aorta. No focal air space consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable calcified granuloma in the left lower lobe. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3977_IM-2036/0.png", "CXR3977_IM-2036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3116_IM-1464", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There are bibasilar airspace opacities left greater than right with small right pleural effusion. No visualized pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3116_IM-1464/0.png", "CXR3116_IM-1464/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3229_IM-1526", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Trachea is midline. The lung volumes are is somewhat low. Both lungs are otherwise clear bilaterally. No pleural effusion. No pulmonary nodules visualized.", "image_path": [ "CXR3229_IM-1526/0.png", "CXR3229_IM-1526/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2654_IM-1137", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2654_IM-1137/0.png", "CXR2654_IM-1137/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1703_IM-0463", "report": "Lung volumes are mildly low. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size contour. No consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative disc change at the thoracic spine, no XXXX deformity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1703_IM-0463/0.png", "CXR1703_IM-0463/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR563_IM-2164", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. Cardiac silhouette is at top limits of normal. Aortic and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Partially visualized ORIF XXXX involving the left proximal humerus. Deformity of the left distal clavicle compatible with remote XXXX. No displaced rib fractures on this chest examination.", "image_path": [ "CXR563_IM-2164/0.png", "CXR563_IM-2164/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2802_IM-1234", "report": "Hyperexpanded lungs. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Multiple surgical clips overlie the midabdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2802_IM-1234/0.png", "CXR2802_IM-1234/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR65_IM-2228", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Deformity of the right clavicle related to remote XXXX is again seen. Visualized upper abdomen grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR65_IM-2228/0.png", "CXR65_IM-2228/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3313_IM-1586", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3313_IM-1586/0.png", "CXR3313_IM-1586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1077_IM-0054", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1077_IM-0054/0.png", "CXR1077_IM-0054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2747_IM-1198", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Small pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2747_IM-1198/0.png", "CXR2747_IM-1198/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR403_IM-2052", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax. No effusions. Multiple old right-sided rib fractures again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR403_IM-2052/0.png", "CXR403_IM-2052/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3099_IM-1450", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable. Calcified left hilar XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3099_IM-1450/0.png", "CXR3099_IM-1450/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR641_IM-2220", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. Mild dextrocurvature of the spine again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR641_IM-2220/0.png", "CXR641_IM-2220/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR66_IM-2236", "report": "Chest. Both lungs are clear and expanded with no pleural air collections or parenchymal consolidations. Heart and mediastinum remain normal. Lumbosacral spine. XXXX, disc spaces, and alignment are normal. Sacrum and sacroiliac joints are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR66_IM-2236/0.png", "CXR66_IM-2236/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2506_IM-1029", "report": "Cardiomegaly. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2506_IM-1029/0.png", "CXR2506_IM-1029/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3930_IM-2003", "report": "Lungs are overall hyperexpanded consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary nodules or masses are noted. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. heart size is upper limits of normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3930_IM-2003/0.png", "CXR3930_IM-2003/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1160_IM-0107", "report": "The left hilum is retracted superiorly. In the collapsed left upper lobe are stranding and pneumatoceles. Additionally, pleural thickening is present in the left apex. No infiltrates are present in the left lower lobe or in the right lung. Heart size is normal. These findings are similar to the previous outside examination.", "image_path": [ "CXR1160_IM-0107/0.png", "CXR1160_IM-0107/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3432_IM-1661", "report": "Cardiomegaly is noted. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. There is perihilar prominence and interstitial opacification.", "image_path": [ "CXR3432_IM-1661/0.png", "CXR3432_IM-1661/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2572_IM-1073", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary nodules identified. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR2572_IM-1073/0.png", "CXR2572_IM-1073/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2790_IM-1224", "report": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or significant pulmonary edema. No focal lung consolidation. Stable mild interstitial prominence and bilateral lung bases.", "image_path": [ "CXR2790_IM-1224/0.png", "CXR2790_IM-1224/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1007_IM-0008", "report": "Trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures show no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1007_IM-0008/0.png", "CXR1007_IM-0008/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3536_IM-1729", "report": "Heart size is enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No visible pneumothorax . XXXX right pleural effusion blunting posterior costophrenic XXXX. There is a XXXX XXXX of subsegmental atelectasis of the left lung base. There is XXXX alveolar airspace disease in the medial right lung base. Multilevel degenerative disease of the visualized portions of the thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3536_IM-1729/0.png", "CXR3536_IM-1729/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3910_IM-1987", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Low lung volumes without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3910_IM-1987/0.png", "CXR3910_IM-1987/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1534_IM-0345", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic atherosclerosis. Hyperexpanded lungs. XXXX right perihilar/midlung density. Streaky bibasilar opacities, as well. Left upper lobe nodular opacity (anterior first rib interspace) may be exaggerated by overlapping bone silhouettes. Grossly similar midthoracic vertebral XXXX fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR1534_IM-0345/0.png", "CXR1534_IM-0345/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3385_IM-1632", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3385_IM-1632/0.png", "CXR3385_IM-1632/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3562_IM-1747", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Sequela of prior granulomatous disease Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3562_IM-1747/0.png", "CXR3562_IM-1747/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3884_IM-1971", "report": "Diffuse, right greater than left, interstitial opacities. Central vascular congestion. No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. No pleural effusion. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3884_IM-1971/0.png", "CXR3884_IM-1971/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1386_IM-0246", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and upper mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary venous congestion. There is prominence of the pulmonary arteries, right greater than left. There is no acute air space infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1386_IM-0246/0.png", "CXR1386_IM-0246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1023_IM-0018", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1023_IM-0018/0.png", "CXR1023_IM-0018/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1861_IM-0558", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1861_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR1861_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1339_IM-0218", "report": "Small 3.3 mm right-sided pneumothorax only visible on the left lateral decubitus film. Left lung is clear. Normal cardiac contour. No evidence of pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1339_IM-0218/0.png", "CXR1339_IM-0218/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3251_IM-1541", "report": "Right mid lung nodule stable XXXX; etiology not determined. This is noncalcified, and is stable since a CT examination from XXXX and is XXXX benign etiology. The lungs are well inflated and without focal consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears unremarkable. Costophrenic XXXX clear. Visualized spine vertebrae appear normal in XXXX and alignment. Overlying leads.", "image_path": [ "CXR3251_IM-1541/0.png", "CXR3251_IM-1541/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1593_IM-0385", "report": "Moderate sized right loculated pleural effusion with right lower lobe atelectasis. Normal cardiac contour with atherosclerotic changes throughout the aorta. Clear left lung XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1593_IM-0385/0.png", "CXR1593_IM-0385/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3818_IM-1925", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3818_IM-1925/0.png", "CXR3818_IM-1925/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3253_IM-1542", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. The lungs are well aerated. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3253_IM-1542/0.png", "CXR3253_IM-1542/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3813_IM-1922", "report": "There is XXXX opacity left lung base may represent atelectasis or early infiltrate. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3813_IM-1922/0.png", "CXR3813_IM-1922/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR538_IM-2144", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR538_IM-2144/0.png", "CXR538_IM-2144/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1909_IM-0590", "report": "Consolidation, atelectasis, and costophrenic XXXX blunting in the left lower lobe have cleared in the interval. A persistent patchy infiltrate is present in the right middle lobe. No XXXX infiltrates. Heart is slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Aorta remains tortuous.", "image_path": [ "CXR1909_IM-0590/0.png", "CXR1909_IM-0590/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3073_IM-1434", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR3073_IM-1434/0.png", "CXR3073_IM-1434/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1925_IM-0599", "report": "The heart is normal in size. There is bihilar prominence. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1925_IM-0599/0.png", "CXR1925_IM-0599/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2305_IM-0882", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. Slight thoracolumbar curvature is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2305_IM-0882/0.png", "CXR2305_IM-0882/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2016_IM-0665", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2016_IM-0665/0.png", "CXR2016_IM-0665/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR252_IM-1038", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR252_IM-1038/0.png", "CXR252_IM-1038/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1513_IM-0333", "report": "There is mild streakiness in the right base. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Calcified granulomatous disease noted. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1513_IM-0333/0.png", "CXR1513_IM-0333/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR143_IM-0276", "report": "The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart is normal. Calcified right hilar and infracarinal lymph XXXX are seen. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR143_IM-0276/0.png", "CXR143_IM-0276/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1892_IM-0580", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Stable right lower lobe calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Spurring of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1892_IM-0580/0.png", "CXR1892_IM-0580/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3725_IM-1861", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. Calcified right upper lobe granuloma unchanged from prior. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart size. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Bony thorax intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3725_IM-1861/0.png", "CXR3725_IM-1861/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2239_IM-0836", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. There is interstitial prominence and is basilar patchy air space opacity. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2239_IM-0836/0.png", "CXR2239_IM-0836/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR951_IM-2447", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR951_IM-2447/0.png", "CXR951_IM-2447/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2624_IM-1111", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. There is a mild anterior wedge XXXX deformity of L1, age-indeterminate.", "image_path": [ "CXR2624_IM-1111/0.png", "CXR2624_IM-1111/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1694_IM-0455", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. The pleural spaces are clear. There is XXXX minimal sclerotic change overlying the midthoracic spine the lateral view. Unclear whether this is a pulmonary finding or skeletal finding. Bone scan would be helpful to evaluate for potential metastatic disease. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1694_IM-0455/0.png", "CXR1694_IM-0455/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1695_IM-0456", "report": "CHEST. The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma in the left lung base. SOFT TISSUE NECK. There is reversal of the normal cervical lordosis which may indicate muscle spasm versus a positional phenomenon. There is no prevertebral soft tissue XXXX. The epiglottis is within normal limits. There is a 3 mm x 1 mm density identified on the lateral exam only, possibly within one of the piriform sinuses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1695_IM-0456/0.png", "CXR1695_IM-0456/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR514_IM-2129", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR514_IM-2129/0.png", "CXR514_IM-2129/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR412_IM-2056", "report": "Bilateral emphysematous again noted and lower lobe fibrotic changes. Postsurgical changes of the chest including CABG procedure, stable. Stable valve artifact. There are no focal areas of consolidation. No large pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes noted of the visualized thoracic spine. Nodular right lower lobe opacity, XXXX nipple XXXX. Contour abnormality of the posterior aspect of the right 7th rib again noted, stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR412_IM-2056/0.png", "CXR412_IM-2056/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR826_IM-2355", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR826_IM-2355/0.png", "CXR826_IM-2355/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR338_IM-1628", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. The patient was shielded.", "image_path": [ "CXR338_IM-1628/0.png", "CXR338_IM-1628/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1437_IM-0281", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are hyperexpanded. Scattered granuloma. No focal airspace disease. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1437_IM-0281/0.png", "CXR1437_IM-0281/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR218_IM-0792", "report": "Heart size is unchanged. Aortic calcification is noted. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. There are unchanged XXXX opacities throughout the lungs which XXXX represent scarring. Lungs are hyperexpanded.", "image_path": [ "CXR218_IM-0792/0.png", "CXR218_IM-0792/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2539_IM-1050", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. No focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2539_IM-1050/0.png", "CXR2539_IM-1050/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3157_IM-1487", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3157_IM-1487/0.png", "CXR3157_IM-1487/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2718_IM-1182", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2718_IM-1182/0.png", "CXR2718_IM-1182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1432_IM-0278", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1432_IM-0278/0.png", "CXR1432_IM-0278/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1781_IM-0509", "report": "Heart size mediastinal contours are normal in appearance. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1781_IM-0509/0.png", "CXR1781_IM-0509/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2860_IM-1268", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Scattered degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Surgical clips overlying the right upper quadrant. Anterior cervical fusion XXXX. Tortuous and ectatic aorta. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2860_IM-1268/0.png", "CXR2860_IM-1268/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR696_IM-2261-1001", "report": "This study is limited secondary to patient body habitus. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR696_IM-2261-1001/0.png", "CXR696_IM-2261-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1478_IM-0310-0001", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size, mediastinal calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process. Apical irregularities also present on the previous exam suggestive of scarring. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1478_IM-0310-0001/0.png", "CXR1478_IM-0310-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR962_IM-2453", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR962_IM-2453/0.png", "CXR962_IM-2453/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1857_IM-0556", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Normal size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1857_IM-0556/0.png", "CXR1857_IM-0556/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR587_IM-2182", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No interval change in the appearance of the XXXX opacities in the bilateral lower lobes. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR587_IM-2182/0.png", "CXR587_IM-2182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1287_IM-0188", "report": "Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. No suspicious pulmonary nodules or masses. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1287_IM-0188/0.png", "CXR1287_IM-0188/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR938_IM-2434", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour normal. Lungs are clear except for residuals of prior granulomatous infection. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR938_IM-2434/0.png", "CXR938_IM-2434/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3159_IM-1487-1001", "report": "Moderate cardiomegaly. Prominent vascular pedicle/upper mediastinal contour. Mild central vascular congestion. No overt edema or confluent lobar pneumonia. No pleural effusion. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3159_IM-1487-1001/0.png", "CXR3159_IM-1487-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR332_IM-1588", "report": "There are are streaky retrocardiac left lower lobe opacities, in the correct clinical setting this could represent a pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR332_IM-1588/0.png", "CXR332_IM-1588/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3264_IM-1550", "report": "Calcified granulomas noted. XXXX symmetric apical scarring. The diaphragms are flattened, and the chest is somewhat XXXX shaped. The cardiothymic silhouette is within normal limits for size. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3264_IM-1550/0.png", "CXR3264_IM-1550/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2053_IM-0691", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2053_IM-0691/0.png", "CXR2053_IM-0691/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1136_IM-0092", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1136_IM-0092/0.png", "CXR1136_IM-0092/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1235_IM-0158", "report": "Lung volumes are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the angulate. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1235_IM-0158/0.png", "CXR1235_IM-0158/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3566_IM-1751", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Low lung volumes mild bibasilar atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance. The lateral views are limited by patient positioning and motion. Large cervical spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR3566_IM-1751/0.png", "CXR3566_IM-1751/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1304_IM-0199", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1304_IM-0199/0.png", "CXR1304_IM-0199/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1689_IM-0451", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1689_IM-0451/0.png", "CXR1689_IM-0451/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR186_IM-0558", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact. No evidence of abnormal radiodense foreign bodies.", "image_path": [ "CXR186_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR186_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1537_IM-0348", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1537_IM-0348/0.png", "CXR1537_IM-0348/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3371_IM-1623", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3371_IM-1623/0.png", "CXR3371_IM-1623/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3754_IM-1878", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3754_IM-1878/0.png", "CXR3754_IM-1878/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3773_IM-1891", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size upper limits of normal, predominantly left ventricular contour (XXXX visualized on lateral projection), pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. .", "image_path": [ "CXR3773_IM-1891/0.png", "CXR3773_IM-1891/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2511_IM-1034", "report": "Sternotomy XXXX noted. Suture material overlies the left upper lobe. Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Scarring left costophrenic XXXX, unchanged. Calcified granulomas noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2511_IM-1034/0.png", "CXR2511_IM-1034/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3437_IM-1663", "report": "Stable, normal cardiac size, mediastinum, and central pulmonary vasculature. The lungs remain grossly clear, aside from mild biapical pleural-peripheral scarring and minimal chronic interstitial changes. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3437_IM-1663/0.png", "CXR3437_IM-1663/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR551_IM-2154", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and increased AP chest diameter, compatible with emphysema. There is no evidence of focal infiltrate, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or identified mass lesion. There is normal cardiomediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "CXR551_IM-2154/0.png", "CXR551_IM-2154/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR723_IM-2283", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is bilateral basilar XXXX opacity compatible with atelectasis. There are somewhat low lung volumes. There is a calcified right hilar lymph node.", "image_path": [ "CXR723_IM-2283/0.png", "CXR723_IM-2283/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR152_IM-0335", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with mild cardiomegaly and aortic ectasia and tortuosity. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion. Chronic appearing bilateral rib contour deformities compatible with old fractures. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR152_IM-0335/0.png", "CXR152_IM-0335/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2873_IM-1279", "report": "Heart size and vascularity normal. External contour normal. Lungs clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2873_IM-1279/0.png", "CXR2873_IM-1279/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR28_IM-1231", "report": "Bilateral patchy pulmonary opacities noted. Interval improvement in left base consolidative opacity. Pulmonary vascular congestion again noted. Stable enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable left XXXX. No evidence of pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR28_IM-1231/0.png", "CXR28_IM-1231/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1166_IM-0111", "report": "Low lung volumes. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Streaky bibasilar airspace opacities. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1166_IM-0111/0.png", "CXR1166_IM-0111/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR939_IM-2435", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR939_IM-2435/0.png", "CXR939_IM-2435/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR947_IM-2442", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Limited lateral view, given overlapping silhouettes. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR947_IM-2442/0.png", "CXR947_IM-2442/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1621_IM-0403", "report": "The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is at the upper limits of normal. Calcified granuloma in the right lower lobe is stable in appearance XXXX compared to the previous examinations.", "image_path": [ "CXR1621_IM-0403/0.png", "CXR1621_IM-0403/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR366_IM-1820", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR366_IM-1820/0.png", "CXR366_IM-1820/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2696_IM-1166", "report": "Apparent cardiomegaly XXXX at XXXX partially accentuated by low lung volumes. Relative elevation right hemidiaphragm. Streaky left retrocardiac densities. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Surgical clips near the gastroesophageal junction. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2696_IM-1166/0.png", "CXR2696_IM-1166/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3561_IM-1746", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3561_IM-1746/0.png", "CXR3561_IM-1746/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR797_IM-2332", "report": "The heart size is enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Otherwise the mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR797_IM-2332/0.png", "CXR797_IM-2332/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR713_IM-2275", "report": "Central venous catheter tip in the right atrium. Heart size and shape are normal. Trachea and XXXX bronchi appear normal. The lungs are reasonably well expanded. There XXXX and patchy nodular densities in both lower lung XXXX more marked on the right than the left. There is scattered areas of bronchial wall thickening, well-seen in the left upper lobe. There is loss of definition of part of the left heart XXXX. No effusions no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR713_IM-2275/0.png", "CXR713_IM-2275/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR253_IM-1045", "report": "Redemonstration of moderate left pneumothorax which is unchanged from comparison. Left pleural catheter is again seen overlying the left upper lung at the level of the left 5th and 6th ribs. No focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR253_IM-1045/0.png", "CXR253_IM-1045/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2454_IM-0989", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal in size and contour. Right lung is clear. Stable blunting of costophrenic XXXX with improved aeration of the left base compared to prior exam. No visualized pneumothorax or focal consolidation. XXXX unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2454_IM-0989/0.png", "CXR2454_IM-0989/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2152_IM-0772", "report": "Normal heart size. Normal mediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal air space opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2152_IM-0772/0.png", "CXR2152_IM-0772/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3961_IM-2026", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There is a streaky opacity within the right upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR3961_IM-2026/0.png", "CXR3961_IM-2026/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1948_IM-0616", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR1948_IM-0616/0.png", "CXR1948_IM-0616/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3828_IM-1932", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3828_IM-1932/0.png", "CXR3828_IM-1932/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3049_IM-1420", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3049_IM-1420/0.png", "CXR3049_IM-1420/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1263_IM-0179", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1263_IM-0179/0.png", "CXR1263_IM-0179/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR557_IM-2157", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and appearance. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The lung zones are clear. There are no bony abnormalities", "image_path": [ "CXR557_IM-2157/0.png", "CXR557_IM-2157/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2589_IM-1083", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Soft tissues are within normal limits. There is stable enlargement of the heart. Calcific aorta. Stable bilateral calcified granulomas. The lungs are clear bilaterally without focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2589_IM-1083/0.png", "CXR2589_IM-1083/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1439_IM-0282", "report": "Lungs are XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in the left lung base. Heart size normal. Mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1439_IM-0282/0.png", "CXR1439_IM-0282/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR758_IM-2309", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR758_IM-2309/0.png", "CXR758_IM-2309/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR782_IM-2324", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR782_IM-2324/0.png", "CXR782_IM-2324/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3759_IM-1883", "report": "There is hyperexpansion of lungs and flattening of the diaphragm consistent with COPD. No focal lung consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is a kyphosis and osteopenia of the thoracic spine. No displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3759_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR3759_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3680_IM-1832", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. Streaky bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. Vague opacity in the right midlung. Scattered calcified granulomas. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3680_IM-1832/0.png", "CXR3680_IM-1832/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2323_IM-0895", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2323_IM-0895/0.png", "CXR2323_IM-0895/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "cf140e31-24dbf5d2-92e63d00-c16eeff4-4d9727c1", "study_id": 50874322, "subject_id": 12171843, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe opacity could be a pneumonia. Findings: There is an opacity in the right posterior lung could be a pneumonia. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12171843/s50874322/cf140e31-24dbf5d2-92e63d00-c16eeff4-4d9727c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ad53e55-883cdc1c-a17e1b4f-21d35ad1-778e9862", "study_id": 54457001, "subject_id": 10498753, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe consolidation compatible with pneumonia, less extensive when\n compared to prior. Followup will be necessary to document resolution after\n treatment. Findings: Although less conspicuous when compared to prior exam, there is opacity\n projecting over the right lower lobe best demonstrated on the lateral view.\n Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10498753/s54457001/4ad53e55-883cdc1c-a17e1b4f-21d35ad1-778e9862.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "965e0fa7-96bc0558-196b2775-6e674369-fa8f1e10", "study_id": 56014246, "subject_id": 15342986, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly, right basal atelectasis. No overt signs of failure. Limited\n exam. Findings: AP portable supine view of the chest. Patient is rotated to his right\n limiting assessment. Midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are again\n seen. Cardiomegaly is again noted. No overt signs of congestive heart failure.\n The left lung appears grossly clear. There is elevated right hemidiaphragm\n with probable right basal atelectasis. No supine evidence for effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15342986/s56014246/965e0fa7-96bc0558-196b2775-6e674369-fa8f1e10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "819369f9-7ad74ac0-6cdb383a-73ef2df5-dac927b1", "study_id": 54754125, "subject_id": 14773318, "report": "impression: Since ___, no change in right pleural effusion. A chest radiograph in\n ___ hours is recommended. Support devices in appropriate locations. Findings: Since ___, no change in right pleural effusion. Widened\n mediastinum is normal given post surgical status. NG tube, swanz-ganz\n catherter, right internal jugular catheter, and endotracheal catheter are all\n in appropriate position. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mediastinal hilar\n structures are normal. Median sternotomy wires are in place.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14773318/s54754125/819369f9-7ad74ac0-6cdb383a-73ef2df5-dac927b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d02bb7c-d47fb0f7-4f43255f-c54c66a8-805b9734", "study_id": 55604634, "subject_id": 14349467, "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema. Improvement of the pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs. There is no focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is similar to priors. There\n has been improvement of the bilateral pleural effusions. The heart size is\n top-normal. Compression fracture of a upper thoracic vertebra is unchanged\n from ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14349467/s55604634/5d02bb7c-d47fb0f7-4f43255f-c54c66a8-805b9734.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95ce933e-4d4a99d4-387b53ff-fcb06d52-23b405ed", "study_id": 58840529, "subject_id": 12713831, "report": "impression: Perhaps minimal edema with no acute cardiopulmonary process\n otherwise identified. Findings: There is mild haziness of the pulmonary vasculature suggestive of\n mild increased central venous pulmonary pressure. Post-CABG changes are again\n visualized and the cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stably moderately\n enlarged. Biventricular pacemaker appears normal in place. No acute\n fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12713831/s58840529/95ce933e-4d4a99d4-387b53ff-fcb06d52-23b405ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b917f44-80ed2e92-2579580e-5a0a1072-bbbf9ae5", "study_id": 53296800, "subject_id": 11995284, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Heart and\n mediastinal contours are stable with postoperative cardiac sillouhette and\n postsurgical hardware.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11995284/s53296800/0b917f44-80ed2e92-2579580e-5a0a1072-bbbf9ae5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bac58b27-71c5b119-847b2092-023696a0-893709f8", "study_id": 55725158, "subject_id": 11706568, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11706568/s55725158/bac58b27-71c5b119-847b2092-023696a0-893709f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7138e4d4-92c3888a-886bb9b2-92f22ace-e0901852", "study_id": 53045058, "subject_id": 18157237, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is\n unchanged pleural thickening at each lung apex, greater on the right than\n left. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are similar coarse\n interstitial markings, but no definite acute findings.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18157237/s53045058/7138e4d4-92c3888a-886bb9b2-92f22ace-e0901852.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15abcfe4-e6330fc7-c829ab7f-ba7bd1a2-1407aaad", "study_id": 52748708, "subject_id": 10627213, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is seen.\n Unchanged bilateral areas of atelectasis at the lung bases, unchanged minimal\n left pleural effusion. No new focal parenchymal opacities. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10627213/s52748708/15abcfe4-e6330fc7-c829ab7f-ba7bd1a2-1407aaad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "898b2480-4806b5bd-0183c052-766dcae4-cc20aeb5", "study_id": 51742584, "subject_id": 10594374, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. Heart size is top-normal.\n Mediastinal and hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. Surgical clips\n in the right upper quadrant may be from prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10594374/s51742584/898b2480-4806b5bd-0183c052-766dcae4-cc20aeb5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daa14b67-f2bf4dcf-7ebea65e-d100ef9e-1f04f4f6", "study_id": 51303944, "subject_id": 11840344, "report": "impression: Left pectoral bielectrode pacer leads end in the right atrium and right\n ventricular apex respectively. No pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the prior\n study. Left pectoral bielectrode pacemaker leads end in the right atrium and\n right ventricular apex respectively. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pulmonary edema,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are no concerning osseous or soft\n tissue lesions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11840344/s51303944/daa14b67-f2bf4dcf-7ebea65e-d100ef9e-1f04f4f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3380fe7-cb3f9fe9-8087fb11-aa6e7357-7db229c5", "study_id": 59347288, "subject_id": 14262369, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the lungs are well\n expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There\n is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or focal airspace\n opacity. The bony structures are intact. Cholecystectomy clips are present\n in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14262369/s59347288/c3380fe7-cb3f9fe9-8087fb11-aa6e7357-7db229c5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6107f3b1-2c27687f-6ad6d0a9-bf92cbb7-aad91137", "study_id": 59746993, "subject_id": 14531732, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumonia.\n 2. New small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 3. Widespread bony metastases. Findings: There is diffuse sclerosis of the vertebral bodies, and abnormal foci of\n sclerosis and bone expansion of bilateral ribs, compatible with metastatic\n prostate cancer. There are new small bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14531732/s59746993/6107f3b1-2c27687f-6ad6d0a9-bf92cbb7-aad91137.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5745c101-f4fce1c0-8776cb2f-f8a913c3-adc89001", "study_id": 53791937, "subject_id": 19789160, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Chest, upright AP and lateral. The lungs are clear. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There is minimal biapical\n scarring, which is stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19789160/s53791937/5745c101-f4fce1c0-8776cb2f-f8a913c3-adc89001.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d72ad141-5f77aae5-fe5db4df-69584dbd-daa13d80", "study_id": 51611002, "subject_id": 10529982, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter projects over the right chest\n and is incompletely imaged on this study. The imaged portion appears intact,\n although the portion of the catheter projecting over the upper abdomen is not\n well evaluated. \n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is stable since ___. Heart and\n mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10529982/s51611002/d72ad141-5f77aae5-fe5db4df-69584dbd-daa13d80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26485fb0-fedaf8ee-07521361-66cb248a-b3a55b9a", "study_id": 52504194, "subject_id": 13875890, "report": "impression: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 2.5 cm from the carina. The enteric\n feeding tube extends into stomach.\n \n Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the lower trachea, 2.5 cm from\n the carina. The gastric tube extends into the stomach.\n \n Mild bibasilar atelectasis. There is unchanged blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle. No pneumothorax identified. The size of the cardiac\n silhouette is at the upper limits of normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13875890/s52504194/26485fb0-fedaf8ee-07521361-66cb248a-b3a55b9a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "994e7d4c-a593d32e-c9e53c03-68d048e5-234ebeef", "study_id": 58039387, "subject_id": 18111072, "report": "impression: Subtle left lower lobe opacity that is new from ___, and could\n represent pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There is a subtle opacity in the left lower lobe which appears to be new\n compared to the prior radiograph in ___. This could represent\n atelectasis, but pneumonia should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n setting. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18111072/s58039387/994e7d4c-a593d32e-c9e53c03-68d048e5-234ebeef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "539825c0-baa89706-7a51b734-b32779e6-6ac0f588", "study_id": 56792920, "subject_id": 14294825, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: Lungs are clear without consolidation. A\n punctate calcified granuloma in the right lower lobe peripherally is\n unchanged. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14294825/s56792920/539825c0-baa89706-7a51b734-b32779e6-6ac0f588.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b6da3580-b513efd0-4b27bea4-7493d941-ead2c1a0", "study_id": 54178996, "subject_id": 18695355, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lungs are\n hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bones are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18695355/s54178996/b6da3580-b513efd0-4b27bea4-7493d941-ead2c1a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2624af45-db5a1354-10eca0e3-c93f39d4-6767d878", "study_id": 56666360, "subject_id": 15398539, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15398539/s56666360/2624af45-db5a1354-10eca0e3-c93f39d4-6767d878.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0a27501-12660127-67b26856-1c7f50c4-bd571c6a", "study_id": 55015436, "subject_id": 10135015, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP portable upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The lungs appear\n clear and hyperinflated. No signs of pneumonia, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10135015/s55015436/b0a27501-12660127-67b26856-1c7f50c4-bd571c6a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a922edc1-037a6a8e-777a5bdc-c3620d16-3e97aa2c", "study_id": 52657638, "subject_id": 13103137, "report": "impression: Opacities in the lungs as described above, potentially\n representing calcified pleural plaques. However, given lack of prior imaging\n to ensure stability, and given the relatively nodular appearance of the right\n lung opacity, CT is recommended on a nonemergent basis to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest. A nodular opacity is seen\n overlying the right mid lung. A well-marginated elongated opacity is seen\n overlying the left mid lung laterally. These findings are seen only on the\n frontal view. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13103137/s52657638/a922edc1-037a6a8e-777a5bdc-c3620d16-3e97aa2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df7bf9ea-87e7d25e-ae2c5541-ec451d7a-6d1b51e6", "study_id": 57961386, "subject_id": 18174447, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of high lung volumes, associated with minimal decrease in right apical lung\n structure and flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Overall, these findings would\n be consistent with pulmonary emphysema and mild overinflation.\n \n Unchanged bilateral apical thickening with minimal dot-like calcifications. \n No other acute parenchymal change, in particular no evidence of recent\n pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \n Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18174447/s57961386/df7bf9ea-87e7d25e-ae2c5541-ec451d7a-6d1b51e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "758ca0ef-59628275-8a720250-54d05c4e-7790675f", "study_id": 56620008, "subject_id": 16592013, "report": "impression: Right PICC ends in the brachiocephalic just at the origin of the superior vena\n cava. A 12 mm left lung nodule has been previously described on multiple\n prior radiographs. Evaluation with nonemergency CT is recommended, if not\n previously done. Findings: A single frontal upright view shows a right PICC in the brachiocephalic just\n at the origin of the superior vena cava. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. A\n small right pleural effusion has slightly increased since ___. A 12 mm\n left lung nodule has been previously described on multiple prior radiographs. \n No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16592013/s56620008/758ca0ef-59628275-8a720250-54d05c4e-7790675f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "354358b4-f7042a92-b61535e7-4a684619-131f959f", "study_id": 52239208, "subject_id": 15392906, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation. Increased interstitial markings in the lungs,\n potentially due to interstitial edema although given chronicity, chronic\n underlying interstitial process is also possible. Findings: Increased interstitial markings are seen throughout the lungs bilaterally,\n overall similar when compared to prior. There is no new consolidation or\n effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous\n abnormalities. Chronic deformities seen in the ribs bilaterally suggest prior\n fractures.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15392906/s52239208/354358b4-f7042a92-b61535e7-4a684619-131f959f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8278f8ac-8910214a-0199ef25-3bc56557-f7343400", "study_id": 51697703, "subject_id": 13027405, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear though lung volumes are low. Allowing for this, there is\n no focal opacity, evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13027405/s51697703/8278f8ac-8910214a-0199ef25-3bc56557-f7343400.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd20d67f-b3287404-63bb5008-fdbf8c8f-b33b4a7b", "study_id": 59326869, "subject_id": 14193535, "report": "impression: Known rib fractures are not well visualized on the current radiograph. Low\n lung volumes with patchy retrocardiac opacity, likely atelectasis. Findings: Assessment is limited by lordotic positioning. Low lung volumes are present. \n This accentuates the size of the cardiac silhouette which appears mildly\n enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Patchy retrocardiac opacity may reflect\n atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is clearly identified. \n Known rib fractures are not clearly visualized on the current radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14193535/s59326869/fd20d67f-b3287404-63bb5008-fdbf8c8f-b33b4a7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e2b8707-44d80199-2e28f5d7-d9baa390-feaa3602", "study_id": 59991974, "subject_id": 16521161, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for pneumonia. 7 mm triangular opacity projecting\n over the right upper lobe, at the level of the right fifth rib posteriorly\n could reflect a confluence of shadows, but can be further assessed with\n shallow oblique imaging. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Aortic knob is calcified. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n Somewhat triangular opacity measuring 7 mm projecting over the right upper\n lobe in the region of the fifth posterior rib could reflect a confluence of\n shadows. The Lungs are otherwise clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16521161/s59991974/1e2b8707-44d80199-2e28f5d7-d9baa390-feaa3602.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd3a4d40-96073fee-9d2e3e83-b76302fb-0f384f22", "study_id": 50886511, "subject_id": 11986449, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11986449/s50886511/fd3a4d40-96073fee-9d2e3e83-b76302fb-0f384f22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8dcb10da-8e6de3cd-0bb780bb-f62ca163-9b6b4ddb", "study_id": 57764376, "subject_id": 11819173, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11819173/s57764376/8dcb10da-8e6de3cd-0bb780bb-f62ca163-9b6b4ddb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52d6140a-c1d0cbd4-4ae725a8-6516c3bf-049cd30f", "study_id": 56250811, "subject_id": 17354620, "report": "The heart and mediastinum are normal. The lung fields are clear. No\n evidence of pneumonia is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17354620/s56250811/52d6140a-c1d0cbd4-4ae725a8-6516c3bf-049cd30f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5bd49e24-a6878181-da552b81-5a556fe0-723b34d5", "study_id": 56100361, "subject_id": 11893036, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Known right hilar mass less conspicuous\n compared to remote prior portable chest x-ray. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Known right hilar mass appears smaller compared\n to prior chest x-ray, potentially due to improved aeration. Nipple shadow\n projects over the right lung base. Known Bochdalek's hernia is seen at the\n right lung base posteriorly. Moderate cardiac enlargement and tortuosity of\n the thoracic aorta is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11893036/s56100361/5bd49e24-a6878181-da552b81-5a556fe0-723b34d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc146e26-a7829e14-cc50a512-b08cd785-3dc6e27b", "study_id": 55121212, "subject_id": 16955698, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest films: Lung volumes are slightly low. \n Allowing for this, lungs appear clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Bones appear\n to be intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16955698/s55121212/bc146e26-a7829e14-cc50a512-b08cd785-3dc6e27b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "258373f0-66379c0e-10b86116-eb01fac1-c7dc7aad", "study_id": 54193902, "subject_id": 16667031, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There has been removal of the endotracheal tube and the right IJ central line.\n There is a left-sided central venous catheter with distal lead tip in the\n proximal SVC. There is increased opacification within the left lung apex. \n There are areas of consolidation within the left lung, stable. The right lung\n base appears relatively well aerated. Heart size is within normal limits. \n There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16667031/s54193902/258373f0-66379c0e-10b86116-eb01fac1-c7dc7aad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2a61aef-6a9fcd95-1a59251c-057711ea-9ee39632", "study_id": 55910565, "subject_id": 15145615, "report": "impression: Improvement in aeration of the lungs bilaterally with no appreciable pleural\n effusion. Findings: Endotracheal tube, enteric tube, and left PICC line are unchanged location. \n Heart size and mediastinal contours are stable. Lungs appear better aerated\n since the prior study with no appreciable pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15145615/s55910565/f2a61aef-6a9fcd95-1a59251c-057711ea-9ee39632.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3cc6e690-d38cadca-b1ea2067-d3f82041-f7a00d3e", "study_id": 57596935, "subject_id": 10864522, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are relatively hyperinflated. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is stable, mildly\n enlarged and the aorta is calcified. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10864522/s57596935/3cc6e690-d38cadca-b1ea2067-d3f82041-f7a00d3e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6615d6f0-69469dfd-05502d47-0ada13a8-6dbad348", "study_id": 54298759, "subject_id": 18891052, "report": "impression: 1. NG tube with tip in gastric fundus.\n \n 2. Interval increase of vascular congestion, with likely small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Findings: As compared to most recent prior chest radiograph, there has been\n interval placement of an NG tube with its tip terminating at the gastric\n fundus, and the sideport seen below the GE junction. Endotracheal tube\n terminates 5 cm above the carina and ___ tube has been removed. There\n has been interval increase of vascular congestion and there is blunting of the\n left hemidiaphragm which is likely related to atelectasis. Most likely, there\n are small bilateral pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18891052/s54298759/6615d6f0-69469dfd-05502d47-0ada13a8-6dbad348.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fa8ac5a-b0df4787-ce8a0598-b55716a8-89c69416", "study_id": 54647126, "subject_id": 12432247, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. There is\n no free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12432247/s54647126/5fa8ac5a-b0df4787-ce8a0598-b55716a8-89c69416.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b63b013-819b2e44-b5a1dc39-38bb5865-8bf4ee67", "study_id": 56267354, "subject_id": 17329106, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small bilateral effusions. Findings: Based on limited exam due to rotation, portable technique and patient body\n habitus, there is no definite focal consolidation. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions, larger on the right. There is mild pulmonary edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17329106/s56267354/3b63b013-819b2e44-b5a1dc39-38bb5865-8bf4ee67.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3bcbdd38-62d30a9d-ae077048-276b07b1-7bb39fe8", "study_id": 52246077, "subject_id": 11551769, "report": "impression: Interval improvement in right upper lobe and left lower lobe\n opacities. Stable small right pleural effusion. Findings: Interval improvement in bilateral opacities involving the right\n upper lobe and left lower lobe with stable small right pleural effusion.\n Interval removal of PICC. No pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. Heart size and\n mediastinal contour are normal. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11551769/s52246077/3bcbdd38-62d30a9d-ae077048-276b07b1-7bb39fe8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daa90bcf-1fc7b415-50cb0eb1-a7c8c5cb-cd336902", "study_id": 53801580, "subject_id": 15676170, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities left greater than right, potentially atelectasis, although\n they could represent pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Findings: There is patchy bibasilar opacity, greater on the left than on the right. \n Superiorly, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15676170/s53801580/daa90bcf-1fc7b415-50cb0eb1-a7c8c5cb-cd336902.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b4e2ed33-f96d0b07-c62f36a6-4c855ae1-c7698883", "study_id": 56699398, "subject_id": 17006834, "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities could reflect atelectasis, pneumonia or\n aspiration. Small bilateral pleural effusions may be present. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Bibasilar airspace opacities may reflect atelectasis\n but aspiration and pneumonia are not excluded. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions may be present. Heart size is difficult to assess but is likely\n within normal limits. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable, and\n there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No pneumothorax is noted. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17006834/s56699398/b4e2ed33-f96d0b07-c62f36a6-4c855ae1-c7698883.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e521e2c9-5cfaa4a5-d4817578-5b31d691-54e820bf", "study_id": 55671963, "subject_id": 13735608, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were performed. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Mediastinal\n and cardiac contours are normal. The hilar structures and pleural surfaces\n are unremarkable. The imaged upper abdomen is normal. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13735608/s55671963/e521e2c9-5cfaa4a5-d4817578-5b31d691-54e820bf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "36372e55-b686aa64-164b853c-188d5c19-3152baac", "study_id": 52475530, "subject_id": 11372027, "report": "impression: Stable appearances of pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema.\n \n An apparent more confluent masslike opacity is seen in the left upper lobe,\n attention on follow-up studies recommended. Alternatively this may be further\n evaluated with a CT chest. Findings: The patient is intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube terminates\n approximately 2 cm above the level the carina. A nasoenteric tube is in-situ,\n the tip is not visualized lies below the left hemidiaphragm. A tunneled right\n internal jugular dialysis catheter terminates in the right atrium. A right\n internal jugular vascular access catheter terminates in the SVC. There are\n persistent bilateral opacities predominately perihilar distribution consistent\n pulmonary edema. Prominence of the pulmonary vasculature persists. Unchanged\n left lower lobe atelectasis. An apparent opacity in the left upper lobe is\n also unchanged compared to the prior study but new compared earlier studies. \n This is not clearly seen to be on the patient's skin and would be better\n evaluated with a CT of the chest.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11372027/s52475530/36372e55-b686aa64-164b853c-188d5c19-3152baac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c3353cc-4a73ffd2-e0f08b09-411b960c-986915d5", "study_id": 55002515, "subject_id": 10907695, "report": "In comparison with study of earlier in this date, the endotracheal\n tube tip lies approximately 3.8 cm above the carina. Other monitoring and\n support devices are unchanged. There is a new area of thick linear\n opacification in the left mid zone, suggestive of atelectasis. There is also\n some increased opacification in the area adjacent to the aortic knob, which\n could be a focus of atelectasis or, in the appropriate clinical setting,\n aspiration. The right lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10907695/s55002515/3c3353cc-4a73ffd2-e0f08b09-411b960c-986915d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5c15f10-5bd56c3f-489e3d11-4f6e985b-c3bfd02b", "study_id": 54888986, "subject_id": 14449150, "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities may reflect atelectasis, but infection or\n aspiration cannot be excluded. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the right atrium. Heart size is\n mildly enlarged but unchanged. The aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n Mediastinal hilar contours are similar. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Patchy ill-defined opacities are noted in both lung bases which may\n reflect atelectasis though infection or aspiration cannot be excluded. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The biliary stent catheter is seen\n within the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14449150/s54888986/c5c15f10-5bd56c3f-489e3d11-4f6e985b-c3bfd02b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10e09713-2df1dfaf-4e03e630-fbd5eeb0-824f7d40", "study_id": 53367161, "subject_id": 15612476, "report": "impression: Hyperexpanded lungs, which can be seen in COPD. No evidence of acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is no evidence of focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Cervical fusion hardware is noted within\n the lower cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15612476/s53367161/10e09713-2df1dfaf-4e03e630-fbd5eeb0-824f7d40.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d344e1c5-0cb71608-4f6d74bc-d366547f-532021a1", "study_id": 58785734, "subject_id": 11570626, "report": "impression: Interval removal of chest tube with a trace left pneumothorax. Possible\n ileus, unchanged. Findings: Interval removal left chest tube. Trace, mostly anterior, left pneumothorax. \n Left lateral chest wall subcutaneous emphysema has minimally decreased. \n Multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules are better assessed on CT obtained ___. No new focal opacities. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal hilar\n silhouettes are normal. The stomach and multiple loops of large and small\n bowel are gaseously distended, though not pathologically dilated, likely\n ileus.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11570626/s58785734/d344e1c5-0cb71608-4f6d74bc-d366547f-532021a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2160b928-05d1673b-837bf6b1-d3eed84f-53488113", "study_id": 51609219, "subject_id": 14535212, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are grossly clear without focal consolidation, effusion or vascular\n congestion. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged similar to prior. No acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14535212/s51609219/2160b928-05d1673b-837bf6b1-d3eed84f-53488113.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67062878-c6cbf37a-3e80658a-4f0b6e4f-84985b4c", "study_id": 57449687, "subject_id": 11967683, "report": "impression: Redemonstration of subtle posterior lung base densities corresponding to\n ground-glass opacities on prior CT and likely representing aspiration do not\n appear worsened. Tiny bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n normal. Subtle posterior lung base densities are demonstrated corresponding\n to areas of ground-glass opacity on the recent CT examination likely\n representing a small component of aspiration and certainly do not look\n worsened compared to prior study. These densities have no frontal correlate. \n There are tiny layering posterior bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. Redemonstration of a hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11967683/s57449687/67062878-c6cbf37a-3e80658a-4f0b6e4f-84985b4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a05a31d-4b6a5248-2d3f7768-45194f53-55706517", "study_id": 55702738, "subject_id": 17358951, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17358951/s55702738/2a05a31d-4b6a5248-2d3f7768-45194f53-55706517.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7743cf5e-d0c26751-0353a51b-e8168d6f-a474918c", "study_id": 54409480, "subject_id": 15394326, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe opacity worrisome for pneumonia. Possible trace left pleural\n effusion. Recommend followup to resolution.\n \n Central pulmonary vascular engorgement Findings: Left lower lobe opacity is worrisome for pneumonia. There may also be a trace\n left pleural effusion. The patient is rotated to the left. No pneumothorax\n is seen. The right lung is grossly clear. There is some central pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n mediastinum and heart size appear stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15394326/s54409480/7743cf5e-d0c26751-0353a51b-e8168d6f-a474918c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e368b04-c3abbc76-79db77e3-9d35071b-700969d0", "study_id": 51308770, "subject_id": 18777258, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18777258/s51308770/5e368b04-c3abbc76-79db77e3-9d35071b-700969d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e3519d0-97ea9f0f-64ce120b-77b5e55e-219c597f", "study_id": 55915187, "subject_id": 17069642, "report": "The heart continues to be moderately enlarged with a tortuous aorta\n and post-operative changes with sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips. There\n is minimal pulmonary vascular re-distribution, but overall the fluid status is\n better compared to the study from six weeks ago. No focal infiltrate\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17069642/s55915187/3e3519d0-97ea9f0f-64ce120b-77b5e55e-219c597f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "edfb2b2a-8ecd2d1d-e3b755a1-47d6e9d8-66980c18", "study_id": 54138980, "subject_id": 13165085, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe opacity, suspicious for pneumonia. Findings: There is an opacity at the right lung base that silhouettes the right heart\n border, suggestive of right middle lobe pneumonia. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No evidence of pulmonary edema. No acute osseous abnormalities\n are identified. There is no free air under the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13165085/s54138980/edfb2b2a-8ecd2d1d-e3b755a1-47d6e9d8-66980c18.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "942dfb73-fa8d14d8-e3e54c9f-0e31bf56-53b62ea6", "study_id": 53840622, "subject_id": 17172702, "report": "impression: Mild chronic interstitial abnormality, not substantially changed in the\n interval. No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Heart size is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Increased interstitial markings are seen at the lung bases as well as along\n the periphery of both lungs diffusely, findings which are not significantly\n changed in the interval. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Degenerative changes are most pronounced at the\n thoracolumbar junction.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17172702/s53840622/942dfb73-fa8d14d8-e3e54c9f-0e31bf56-53b62ea6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "739bf41c-f5a84eef-c2076d68-c57fc431-a48e044f", "study_id": 56343673, "subject_id": 16893042, "report": "impression: 1. NG tube with side hole above the diaphragm, which should be advanced at\n least 5 cm.\n 2. ET tube in appropriate positioning.\n 3. Worsening vascular congestion with large unchanged pleural effusions. Findings: The ETT terminates 5.5 cm above the carina. The tip of the NG tube is not\n visualized, however the side hole appears to be above the diaphragm.\n \n The vascular congestion appears to have worsened bilaterally in comparison to\n the prior chest radiograph. Large unchanged pleural effusions. Stable\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable. No pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16893042/s56343673/739bf41c-f5a84eef-c2076d68-c57fc431-a48e044f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7fd1f1a2-8bde5acb-bc0926ff-c657aef8-d291cad9", "study_id": 58838453, "subject_id": 14074577, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14074577/s58838453/7fd1f1a2-8bde5acb-bc0926ff-c657aef8-d291cad9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3d6b3d6e-a5ba71ab-e5728380-ea398775-63f45adf", "study_id": 54936089, "subject_id": 15189156, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No convincing evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The patient is mildly leftward rotated. Right Port-A-Cath terminates in the\n low SVC. Lung volumes are low. Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15189156/s54936089/3d6b3d6e-a5ba71ab-e5728380-ea398775-63f45adf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e74b94a-2961b12f-0d96d4c3-8f5d7f2d-8fa875a0", "study_id": 51042635, "subject_id": 11406274, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n increased, likely reflecting improved ventilation. The edema component of the\n pre-existing parenchymal opacities has decreased in extent and severity. The\n ill-defined parenchymal opacities, reflecting pneumonia, and more severe on\n the right than on the left, are unchanged as compared to the previous\n examination. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11406274/s51042635/1e74b94a-2961b12f-0d96d4c3-8f5d7f2d-8fa875a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22d9ce61-eddf7c8a-eb62672b-584d1bbc-213830ec", "study_id": 56172049, "subject_id": 13323674, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right hemidiaphragm remains\n mildly elevated.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13323674/s56172049/22d9ce61-eddf7c8a-eb62672b-584d1bbc-213830ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "51bd7f03-ece1c06f-d312fc07-8f2a95d5-a6498617", "study_id": 58825150, "subject_id": 14771814, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear bilaterally with no focal consolidation or congestive heart failure.\n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. No bony abnormalities. There is no free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14771814/s58825150/51bd7f03-ece1c06f-d312fc07-8f2a95d5-a6498617.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "653f1093-29f367d1-e7777028-8471320a-36ca6432", "study_id": 56514190, "subject_id": 13181123, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change and no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia,\n vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. Multiple old left-sided rib\n fractures are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13181123/s56514190/653f1093-29f367d1-e7777028-8471320a-36ca6432.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "babb5d1a-a274c642-0418e22a-afd21313-6a7e31a0", "study_id": 53986569, "subject_id": 18946945, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. There is persistent elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm with mild atelectatic changes noted at the right lung base. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n No pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No focal\n consolidations are seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18946945/s53986569/babb5d1a-a274c642-0418e22a-afd21313-6a7e31a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "427eb466-4a6703a8-24830f64-d5587ced-af245f10", "study_id": 59822265, "subject_id": 17345538, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal and\n nasogastric tubes have been removed. Swan-Ganz catheter remains in place, as\n does the right chest tube.\n \n Continued substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with intact\n midline sternal wires. Retrocardiac opacification with obscuration of the\n hemidiaphragm is consistent with substantial volume loss in the left lower\n lobe. Atelectatic changes are seen without definite pulmonary vascular\n congestion.\n \n The possibility of supervening pneumonia, especially in the retrocardiac area,\n cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17345538/s59822265/427eb466-4a6703a8-24830f64-d5587ced-af245f10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1646d077-1ef063a3-4da9fa4d-35e54b3b-f2e88941", "study_id": 50039066, "subject_id": 15240778, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. \n Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm appears longstanding. Patient is status\n post left mastectomy. No focal consolidation is seen. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Tortuosity of the descending aorta is again\n noted. The heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary edema or\n pneumothorax. No pleural effusion is seen. Partially imaged upper abdomen is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15240778/s50039066/1646d077-1ef063a3-4da9fa4d-35e54b3b-f2e88941.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c741225-56a25d5f-b33c7902-fec977bf-2cce635e", "study_id": 51961709, "subject_id": 14281506, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter remains in the low SVC. Lung\n volumes are low. Pulmonary vascular congestion continues to improved. \n Bibasilar atelectasis and probable small bilateral pleural effusions are\n unchanged. Mild cardiomegaly is stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14281506/s51961709/1c741225-56a25d5f-b33c7902-fec977bf-2cce635e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "417ab77e-85e09c49-f9028504-d33b427f-58c09078", "study_id": 52173614, "subject_id": 16286157, "report": "impression: 1. Consolidation at the lung bases could represent aspiration or pneumonia in\n the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. Compression deformities of multiple mid thoracic vertebral bodies are\n unchanged from ___. Findings: Prominence of the right hilum is unchanged. Lung volumes are low, however\n consolidation at the lung bases, could represent aspiration or pneumonia. \n There is loss of vertebral body and disc height at numerous levels, unchanged\n from ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16286157/s52173614/417ab77e-85e09c49-f9028504-d33b427f-58c09078.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3de9f1d9-c77f788f-7d22d99f-af1afb6a-b45f85eb", "study_id": 56115376, "subject_id": 11108476, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes, mild cardiomegaly, and moderate pulmonary edema.\n 2. Small right and moderate left pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Lung volumes are\n decreased. There is mild cardiomegaly with central pulmonary vascular\n congestion, and mild interstitial edema. Small right and moderate left\n pleural effusions are noted. Bibasilar and perihilar airspace opacities have\n increased from the prior examination.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11108476/s56115376/3de9f1d9-c77f788f-7d22d99f-af1afb6a-b45f85eb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71b40bcb-77d69272-716b047f-0d23f060-d7b9bd3f", "study_id": 55520623, "subject_id": 14471841, "report": "impression: Chronic changes with no focal consolidation to suggest infection. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Paraseptal emphysema is\n re- demonstrated, most pronounced at the lung apices, as well as increased\n interstitial markings predominantly along the periphery of both lungs,\n compatible with chronic interstitial lung disease. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. Embolization coil is seen within the right upper quadrant of\n the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14471841/s55520623/71b40bcb-77d69272-716b047f-0d23f060-d7b9bd3f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be7b5968-24bc47ce-319dcb85-9cc23f76-5caa3163", "study_id": 50048631, "subject_id": 10634195, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. Lung volumes are\n slightly low. There is mild crowding of the pulmonary vasculature with\n cephalization consistent with mild pulmonary edema. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is stable. \n Degenerative changes are noted in the shoulders bilaterally. There are no\n displaced fractures.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10634195/s50048631/be7b5968-24bc47ce-319dcb85-9cc23f76-5caa3163.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c514613a-84fabb7b-1bc3c29d-cc18fbaa-25834e27", "study_id": 57653849, "subject_id": 16107806, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear without pneumothorax,\n vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. Cholecystectomy clips are seen. No\n displaced osseous injury is evident.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16107806/s57653849/c514613a-84fabb7b-1bc3c29d-cc18fbaa-25834e27.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eee835fa-9e3cb952-cc742212-3694010b-a4ae82d9", "study_id": 54952996, "subject_id": 17770649, "report": "Normal right IJ line tip is in the distal SVC. There continues to be\n bilateral lower lobe volume loss. There small bilateral effusions left\n greater than right. There is volume loss in both lower lungs. Compared to\n the prior study the aeration has slightly improved.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17770649/s54952996/eee835fa-9e3cb952-cc742212-3694010b-a4ae82d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "745b1813-91a42ad8-cd61ba27-dace6f19-45ffe861", "study_id": 58900609, "subject_id": 15201119, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: There is soft tissue density projecting over the anterior\n mediastinal clear space that appears similar and correlates with known prior\n findings. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged\n allowing for differences in technique. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15201119/s58900609/745b1813-91a42ad8-cd61ba27-dace6f19-45ffe861.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4552fca9-d8447060-1bae3292-75f30956-21404b65", "study_id": 51364111, "subject_id": 11299673, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia or congestive heart failure.\n 2. Possible right lung fibrotic changes. Findings: There are stable linear opacities at the\n right lung base and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Fibrotic changes are seen\n along the periphery of the right upper lung. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. A cardiac pacemaker with two leads in appropriate\n position is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11299673/s51364111/4552fca9-d8447060-1bae3292-75f30956-21404b65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26d55c50-43feeb3c-078c14ca-4483b1f3-0ca74c5e", "study_id": 55867624, "subject_id": 14107609, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate cardiomegaly, unchanged since ___.\n \n 2. Minimal perihilar vascular congestion. Ill-defined opacity projecting\n over the lower thoracic spine on the lateral view may relate to low lung\n volumes, atelectasis, or less likely infection in the appropriate clinical\n setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. Minimal perihilar vascular congestion is\n noted. There is no pulmonary edema. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged. Moderate cardiomegaly persists. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Ill-defined opacities project over lower thoracic spine, best\n seen on the lateral view, more conspicuous since prior. There is no focal\n consolidation. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14107609/s55867624/26d55c50-43feeb3c-078c14ca-4483b1f3-0ca74c5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "226c3e5f-a6819cd7-f00f25be-31969d52-34dc704d", "study_id": 58623622, "subject_id": 16092524, "report": "impression: 1. No acute abnormality. Please note that conventional chest radiography is\n not sensitive for subtle rib cage abnormalities. If there are focal findings\n on physical exam, dedicated rib radiographs in the area of interest can be\n obtained for further evaluation. \n \n 2. Mildly dilated/tortuous ascending aorta, unchanged since at least ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs again demonstrate intact sternotomy\n wires. The heart size is normal and the ascending aorta is mildly\n dilated/tortuous, but unchanged since at least ___. The well-aerated lungs\n are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No fracture is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16092524/s58623622/226c3e5f-a6819cd7-f00f25be-31969d52-34dc704d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "113dcb56-48a2d63b-6fd9dede-6d588028-3c6c21d9", "study_id": 55965444, "subject_id": 14139331, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours\n appear normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14139331/s55965444/113dcb56-48a2d63b-6fd9dede-6d588028-3c6c21d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7588d09-f1d9c7b0-df3480ce-441cf0a4-90a84871", "study_id": 50508907, "subject_id": 19668264, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19668264/s50508907/a7588d09-f1d9c7b0-df3480ce-441cf0a4-90a84871.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ab441b4-71018831-5df6d514-b23d04e6-d1652494", "study_id": 51618246, "subject_id": 17661745, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of a left lower lobe pneumonia. No evidence of acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The previously identified left lower lobe opacity and small pleural effusion\n have essentially resolved. There is no other focus of consolidation\n identified within the lungs. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or frank\n pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute bony\n abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17661745/s51618246/3ab441b4-71018831-5df6d514-b23d04e6-d1652494.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc95de07-3880dfcc-5b9418c6-14d515c9-bd9d31af", "study_id": 58657127, "subject_id": 18879978, "report": "impression: There is no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Atelectatic bands are seen bilaterally, the one in left lower lobe is slightly\n improved. There is no new lung consolidation. Mediastinal and cardiac\n contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Left-sided Port-A-Cath ends in mid-to-low SVC. Surgical clips in the left\n axillary region are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18879978/s58657127/bc95de07-3880dfcc-5b9418c6-14d515c9-bd9d31af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b82a1288-63526273-11700bad-82be05e2-5431a676", "study_id": 53521485, "subject_id": 12774481, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs remain clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12774481/s53521485/b82a1288-63526273-11700bad-82be05e2-5431a676.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6222106-14b3b8b5-aa94707c-39e98ae6-efa7f200", "study_id": 57440446, "subject_id": 15150356, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting slight fluid overload. Right lower lung\n opacity, not specific, atelectasis versus contusion could be considered. Findings: Lung volumes are low, accounting for some bronchovascular crowding.\n Patchy right basiliar opacity could be seen with atelectasis. Mild pulmonary\n upper zone redistribution suggest pulmonary venous hypertension. The heart\n appears enlarged, although this study is not tailored for assessment of\n cardiac size. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15150356/s57440446/a6222106-14b3b8b5-aa94707c-39e98ae6-efa7f200.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a56baeb2-ad267cee-2c4bac16-eff74b69-0c9abacb", "study_id": 52506653, "subject_id": 12716464, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12716464/s52506653/a56baeb2-ad267cee-2c4bac16-eff74b69-0c9abacb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec21bbd8-135298d2-671f3ad0-6e61641d-76860319", "study_id": 57252050, "subject_id": 14807107, "report": "impression: 1. Low lying endotracheal tube. Recommend retraction by approximately 2 cm.\n 2. Enteric tube tip within the stomach, but side port at the level of the\n gastroesophageal junction. Recommend slight interval advancement for optimal\n positioning.\n 3. Nondisplaced left seventh lateral rib fracture. Findings: Endotracheal tube is low lying terminating approximately 1.8 cm from the\n carina. An enteric tube tip is within the stomach however the side port\n appears to be at the level of the gastroesophageal junction and should be\n advanced slightly for optimal positioning. Low lung volumes are present. \n Heart size appears mildly enlarged, but exaggerated by the presence of low\n lung volumes. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable with the\n widening of the superior mediastinum accounted for by the low lung volumes and\n supine positioning. Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without\n overt pulmonary edema. There is minimal atelectasis in the lung bases, but no\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected on this\n supine exam. Irregularity of the left seventh lateral rib cortex suggests a\n nondisplaced fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14807107/s57252050/ec21bbd8-135298d2-671f3ad0-6e61641d-76860319.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "068458cd-d25649bd-b7f19da3-6923c09b-d279c887", "study_id": 51585650, "subject_id": 15113993, "report": "impression: Smaller lung nodules since the prior radiographs with increased\n cavitation. Findings: A substantial right perihilar nodule has substantially improved\n since the prior radiographs with an area of cavitation seen in lieu of a\n substantial solid nodule. Other nodules also appear somewhat less distinct\n including a cavitating nodule in the right upper lobe which seems surrounded\n perhaps by slightly less opacity than before. There are no pleural effusions\n or pneumothorax. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar throughout\n the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15113993/s51585650/068458cd-d25649bd-b7f19da3-6923c09b-d279c887.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da82ecbf-c513799c-1ced1dc8-baa02e06-3a92e3a4", "study_id": 53010291, "subject_id": 18284271, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly with central congestion. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Midline sternotomy wires and metallic\n closure devices are present. The heart remains moderately enlarged. There is\n central congestion without frank edema. No large effusion or pneumothorax. No\n convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18284271/s53010291/da82ecbf-c513799c-1ced1dc8-baa02e06-3a92e3a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "504ec806-f6fd9771-49744846-82a6daca-ad67dc3e", "study_id": 53583458, "subject_id": 17736286, "report": "impression: Subtle 5 mm nodule opacity projecting between the posterior right seventh and\n eighth ribs, not clearly seen on the prior study in could represent a\n pulmonary nodule. Recommend follow-up chest CT for further assessment.\n \n No definite displaced rib fracture, although study is limited in the\n sensitivity of detector such. If clinical concern for rib fracture persists,\n dedicated rib series or chest CT is more sensitive. Findings: Lungs are relatively hyperinflated. Right middle lobe atelectasis/scarring is\n seen. There is no definite focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No\n pulmonary edema is seen. Projecting between the posterior right seventh and\n eighth ribs is a subtle 5 mm nodular opacity, not clearly seen on the prior\n study. Loss of height of several thoracic vertebral bodies, not well assessed\n on this study, but likely grossly similar to the prior study. No definite\n displaced rib fracture, although study is limited in the sensitivity of\n detector such.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17736286/s53583458/504ec806-f6fd9771-49744846-82a6daca-ad67dc3e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4a707d3-496d0334-89b9e7ce-9f7bf41f-5f4517f6", "study_id": 51573072, "subject_id": 17011771, "report": "impression: 1. Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip at the cavoatrial\n junction. No pneumothorax.\n \n 2. New crescentic lucency underneath the right hemidiaphragm discerning for\n pneumoperitoneum.\n \n 3. Malpositioned endotracheal tube with tip now at the carina.\n \n 4. Worsening bilateral pulmonary opacities, left greater in the right which\n could reflect worsening pulmonary edema and/or aspiration. Small left pleural\n effusion.\n \n Findings discussed by phone with Dr. ___ at 1: ___ p.m. on ___. Findings: A new right internal jugular central venous catheter tip is at the cavoatrial\n junction. The endotracheal tube is now malpositioned with the tip at the\n carina. The nasogastric tube tip courses through the esophagus, below the\n diaphragm, off the inferior borders on the film. There has been worsening\n opacification of the lungs, with ill-defined airspace opacities now noted\n throughout the left lung, and worsening right perihilar opacities. \n Additionally, small left pleural effusion is likely new and layering. No\n pneumothorax is detected. There is, however, new crescentic lucency\n projecting under the right hemidiaphragm concerning for pneumoperitoneum.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17011771/s51573072/e4a707d3-496d0334-89b9e7ce-9f7bf41f-5f4517f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0426e144-913d2eed-835c490d-6f4f8319-20138d82", "study_id": 51808530, "subject_id": 14277146, "report": "impression: Improving pulmonary edema. No evidence of pneumonia. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ on ___ by telephone ___ minutes after discovery. Findings: The lung volumes are low and there is some peristent opacification of both\n lungs consistent consistent with pulmonary edema, which is improving. There\n are few, small opacities in the left lower lobe that most likely represent\n atelectasis. There is no evidence of lobar pneumonia. The heart is enlarged\n and the hilar contours are grossly normal. There is no pneumothorax and no\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14277146/s51808530/0426e144-913d2eed-835c490d-6f4f8319-20138d82.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0029f094-e1187396-f327f13e-e36e8000-594cb5cb", "study_id": 54783103, "subject_id": 12692062, "report": "impression: 1. Appropriate placement of lines and tubes.\n \n 2. Right lower lobe pneumonia, increased mild pulmonary edema and moderate\n right effusion. Findings: A single portable AP supine view of the chest was obtained. There\n is interval placement of an endotracheal tube with tip projecting\n approximately 5 cm above the carina. Right internal jugular central venous\n catheter tip is in the mid SVC. NG tube in subdiaphragmatic. Cardiac\n silhouette is slightly larger. There is increased mild bilateral pulmonary\n edema as well as increased moderate right pleural effusion. Airspace\n opacification at the right lower lung zone is more prominent. The left lung\n is clear. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12692062/s54783103/0029f094-e1187396-f327f13e-e36e8000-594cb5cb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7df8a545-38f5a330-0a0e8033-1ad3d67d-c8596329", "study_id": 51053140, "subject_id": 19864113, "report": "impression: ECMO cannula overlies the right border of the lower thoracic spine.\n Resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 8 cm above the carina. Left subclavian catheter\n terminates at the cavoatrial junction. NG tube forms a loop in the stomach. \n Position of the left pleural drain is unchanged. ECMO cannula overlies the\n right border of the lower thoracic spine. Low lung volumes. Resolution of\n pulmonary edema. Stable left lower lobe atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19864113/s51053140/7df8a545-38f5a330-0a0e8033-1ad3d67d-c8596329.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "342225c8-98e539d7-0c76e07c-e9311a16-8963c223", "study_id": 58824099, "subject_id": 19555886, "report": "impression: Moderate interstitial edema. 2. Mild cardiomegaly with small bilateral, right\n greater than left pleural effusions Findings: There is moderate interstitial edema. Streaky atelectasis is noted at the\n lung bases bilaterally. No focal consolidation is identified. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged. There are small bilateral, right greater than\n left pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19555886/s58824099/342225c8-98e539d7-0c76e07c-e9311a16-8963c223.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b2434d9-c99f64e4-e764e019-bed06dea-bddbbf9a", "study_id": 57726880, "subject_id": 11785828, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11785828/s57726880/4b2434d9-c99f64e4-e764e019-bed06dea-bddbbf9a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d33ea5c-c63a7413-51882b2f-6a36da8a-5d6e6cb3", "study_id": 52539909, "subject_id": 10933316, "report": "impression: No opacity convincing for pneumonia. Findings: AP and lateral chest for graft demonstrates clear lungs bilaterally. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable relative to prior examination\n dated ___. Nodular opacities within the right infrahilar region\n are likely within soft tissue when correlated with the lateral projection and\n are present on prior exams. There is no evidence of pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. Imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. \n Multilevel degenerative changes involve the imaged thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10933316/s52539909/9d33ea5c-c63a7413-51882b2f-6a36da8a-5d6e6cb3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a00f61fd-064e2f35-19ff3d42-703e7cfd-bd1fcba4", "study_id": 56260007, "subject_id": 12135323, "report": "There has been interval removal of the Swan-Ganz catheter. The prosthetic\n valve is again visualized. There is some linear atelectasis in the left lower\n lung. Otherwise lungs are clear. Heart size is minimally enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12135323/s56260007/a00f61fd-064e2f35-19ff3d42-703e7cfd-bd1fcba4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b75324d2-202524ed-500ab1a0-ffe6d690-8f537116", "study_id": 54345424, "subject_id": 12971318, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12971318/s54345424/b75324d2-202524ed-500ab1a0-ffe6d690-8f537116.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6fbd7771-719b42d5-be7c24b5-356b4c05-bc4113b0", "study_id": 55081006, "subject_id": 13108072, "report": "impression: 1. Newly placed ET tube terminates just below the thoracic inlet and could be\n advanced by approximately 3 cm.\n 2. Low lung volumes, with clear lungs. Findings: The lung volumes are low. The lungs however are clear.\n No pleural effusion.\n The newly placed endotracheal tube tip terminates 7.7 cm above the carina,\n located just below the thoracic inlet and could be advanced by approximately 3\n cm.\n EKG leads overlie the chest wall.\n Visualized bones appear unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13108072/s55081006/6fbd7771-719b42d5-be7c24b5-356b4c05-bc4113b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4f016d3-52381974-86ab1a38-a5a3bd87-406ecfe3", "study_id": 51159882, "subject_id": 18162253, "report": "impression: 1. Cardiomegaly.\n \n 2. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart is enlarged. The mediastinal contours are unremarkable. The lungs\n are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Surgical clips are\n noted in the right upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18162253/s51159882/d4f016d3-52381974-86ab1a38-a5a3bd87-406ecfe3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e63eaf7-0e1c96ff-08c6c398-6d31c2c6-9d37a71f", "study_id": 59668423, "subject_id": 11252164, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. \n \n 2. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be enlarged, but this may be due\n to technique. Recommend non-emergent frontal PA radiograph at full\n inspiration to rule out cardiomegaly.\n \n These findings were communicated via the ED QA nurses at 8:45 a.m. on ___. Findings: AP and lateral images of the chest. The lungs well expanded and\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears to be enlarged, but this may be due to technique. The\n visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11252164/s59668423/1e63eaf7-0e1c96ff-08c6c398-6d31c2c6-9d37a71f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf7380d6-59d07cd2-da9da6c4-a967ec80-0a9bf9a1", "study_id": 55583913, "subject_id": 17447711, "report": "impression: Stable moderate right pneumothorax. Findings: A right internal jugular central line terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. The midline drains have been removed. The moderate right\n pneumothorax is unchanged since the prior exam. The left lung is clear.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17447711/s55583913/cf7380d6-59d07cd2-da9da6c4-a967ec80-0a9bf9a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "acd6d87f-7d3a368c-d02a0430-49d21cd3-fa60a97b", "study_id": 51165210, "subject_id": 17390025, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild\n degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17390025/s51165210/acd6d87f-7d3a368c-d02a0430-49d21cd3-fa60a97b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1feb8979-eb9c7541-e4dfc83b-eb639ef7-c6f9b9fb", "study_id": 58001072, "subject_id": 19057052, "report": "impression: 1. Partial right upper lobe collapse.\n 2. No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. ET tube\n and PICC line are noted in good position. There is partial right upper lobe\n collapse with displacement of the minor fissure. The lungs are otherwise\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19057052/s58001072/1feb8979-eb9c7541-e4dfc83b-eb639ef7-c6f9b9fb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03fbca0a-1a2137d4-50f4055c-0140c8a8-d06bf95d", "study_id": 55587259, "subject_id": 14903243, "report": "impression: Probable small left pleural effusion and left basilar opacity\n likely reflecting atelectasis, though assessment is difficult given\n pre-existing chronic fibrotic changes in the lung bases. No overt pulmonary\n edema. Findings: Fibrotic changes with reticulation and honeycombing, most pronounced at the\n lung bases are again seen and are stable when compared to prior chest\n radiograph from ___. There is redemonstration of emphysematous\n changes. Increased left basilar opacity with blunting of the costophrenic\n sulcus could suggest a small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. There\n is no overt pulmonary edema. There are no other areas of new focal\n opacification or pneumothorax. Chain sutures are noted within the left upper\n lobe, compatible with prior wedge resection. Tracheomegaly is again\n demonstrated. There are no acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14903243/s55587259/03fbca0a-1a2137d4-50f4055c-0140c8a8-d06bf95d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bcbc6ce-de8d979d-c3d60e55-4356f172-a41610e8", "study_id": 50177024, "subject_id": 10228633, "report": "impression: 1. Interval increase in opacity projecting over the left hemithorax, which\n may indicate worsening pneumonia, loculated effusion, or parenchymal or\n pleural hemorrhage.\n \n 2. Interval worsening in the right lower lung opacification, which may\n reflect additional area of consolidation or atelectasis.\n \n Findings were communicated with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ the telephone at 2:30\n p.m. on ___. Findings: Portable single frontal chest radiograph was obtained with the\n patient in semi-upright position.\n \n There has been interval increase in the opacity projecting over the left\n hemithorax. There is complete opacification of the left lung base with air\n bronchograms and obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm. There has also been\n interval increase in the right base opacity. There is no pneumothorax. The\n heart size is difficult to assess given parenchymal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10228633/s50177024/8bcbc6ce-de8d979d-c3d60e55-4356f172-a41610e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "724624fd-7795369c-d90b6a91-a64bdebc-bfdf49bf", "study_id": 59046386, "subject_id": 12245451, "report": "impression: Bibasilar airspace opacities may reflect atelectasis though infection cannot\n be completely excluded. Findings: The heart size remains mildly enlarged but unchanged. The aorta is tortuous. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours otherwise are stable. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities are demonstrated in both lung\n bases, right more so than left, which could reflect atelectasis but infection\n cannot be excluded, particularly in the right lung base. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is identified. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12245451/s59046386/724624fd-7795369c-d90b6a91-a64bdebc-bfdf49bf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6035505a-3dd83292-900c5f83-b6d2e438-8556990a", "study_id": 53231396, "subject_id": 15187035, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Please refer to the\n concurrently obtained CT report for better assessment of small nodules. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax is present. There are diffuse flowing anterior\n osteophytes in the thoracic spine. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187035/s53231396/6035505a-3dd83292-900c5f83-b6d2e438-8556990a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18907659-be8c5c0a-7fb5fac2-022205d1-f68cfdaf", "study_id": 58108110, "subject_id": 16591395, "report": "impression: 1. Left base opacity which could be due to a combination of atelectasis and\n infection. Superimposed effusion is also possible.\n 2. Two nodular opacities projecting over the right lung for which nonurgent\n chest CT is suggested. Findings: There is increased left basilar opacity silhouetting the hemidiaphragm. There\n had been opacity in this region on prior although now there is silhouetting of\n the medial hemidiaphragm and descending thoracic aorta. There are 2\n approximately 12 mm nodular opacities projecting over the right mid to upper\n lung laterally which are not within the overlying osseous structures given\n change in position on different views. The lungs are otherwise clear. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is noted as well as atherosclerotic calcifications at\n the arch. Compression deformities in the spine, at least 1 of which has\n progressed since ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16591395/s58108110/18907659-be8c5c0a-7fb5fac2-022205d1-f68cfdaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7016267-4dadd443-66d1fbbb-6a59dd30-d18c0c52", "study_id": 54773893, "subject_id": 12176298, "report": "Following recent bronchoscopy, there has been slight improved\n aeration in the right mid and lower lung, which remains densely consolidated,\n however. Large partially loculated right pleural effusion is unchanged. \n Within the left lung, interstitial edema has slightly improved, but left\n retrocardiac opacity and adjacent pleural effusion are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12176298/s54773893/b7016267-4dadd443-66d1fbbb-6a59dd30-d18c0c52.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efd2db6d-1d12b928-41ff11f6-69eeaf0d-b4568024", "study_id": 58984920, "subject_id": 15681264, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears normal. The imaged osseous structures are intact. There is no free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15681264/s58984920/efd2db6d-1d12b928-41ff11f6-69eeaf0d-b4568024.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a406b847-00285b51-e4a7a6a0-19a0e2fa-d0d3675c", "study_id": 58448197, "subject_id": 18410747, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Two AP and two lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear\n without consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18410747/s58448197/a406b847-00285b51-e4a7a6a0-19a0e2fa-d0d3675c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a7b2e5a-226a5488-7e5ecf41-a151e245-428dbb85", "study_id": 50329797, "subject_id": 13071041, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion and probable tiny bilateral effusions. No\n pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. Prominent central pulmonary vascular engorgement with\n interstitial pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours\n are otherwise normal. Lungs are otherwise clear. Probable small bilateral\n effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13071041/s50329797/7a7b2e5a-226a5488-7e5ecf41-a151e245-428dbb85.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02491296-62726583-315bb09f-e106d2c9-4b47dcfa", "study_id": 57333328, "subject_id": 18783519, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is mild decrease in the height of\n couple of lower thoracic vertebral bodies", "image_path": [ "p18/p18783519/s57333328/02491296-62726583-315bb09f-e106d2c9-4b47dcfa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba0f5524-1e318d69-9e718f43-121d2119-1bd1187d", "study_id": 55170181, "subject_id": 10062617, "report": "impression: Limited assessment of the lung apices. Patchy opacities in the right lung\n base may reflect infection or aspiration in the correct clinical setting. \n Streaky retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: Assessment of the lung apices is somewhat limited by the patient's neck and\n chin projecting over these areas. A left-sided pacer device is noted with\n leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is re- demonstrated with a left ventricular predominance. The\n aorta is diffusely calcified and tortuous. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Patchy opacities are\n demonstrated within the right lung base, along with streaky retrocardiac\n opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is clearly noted. Moderate to\n severe degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are present along with\n chronic compression deformity of a mid thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10062617/s55170181/ba0f5524-1e318d69-9e718f43-121d2119-1bd1187d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd0ea757-322a3ce1-11e5bf04-5733f493-35e5a5fe", "study_id": 56346914, "subject_id": 15124487, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for\n technique. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15124487/s56346914/cd0ea757-322a3ce1-11e5bf04-5733f493-35e5a5fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a51d29c9-2d057413-6fc18207-9ffda279-7450a513", "study_id": 57488646, "subject_id": 19693863, "report": "PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates normal heart size. \n Faint pleural versus parenchymal opacification in the left mid lung zone\n appears unchanged since ___. There is, however, a new right lower\n lobe mass like opacity, which is concerning given the patient's history and\n should be further evaluated with a CT.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr ___ ___ telephone at 4:34 pm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19693863/s57488646/a51d29c9-2d057413-6fc18207-9ffda279-7450a513.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcf21819-c4d04a5b-e4eb3b57-b7fba415-4ec8d62b", "study_id": 52516625, "subject_id": 13477622, "report": "impression: Increased free air. Findings: There is a large amount of free air under the hemidiaphragms which is\n increased compared to the other postoperative films. It is unclear if this is\n due to patient positioning or if there is a new bowel leak. There is\n bilateral lower lobe volume loss/ infiltrate that is increased compared to\n prior. The NG tube tip is off the film, at least in the stomach", "image_path": [ "p13/p13477622/s52516625/fcf21819-c4d04a5b-e4eb3b57-b7fba415-4ec8d62b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9ebae30-c00a8368-0981c709-ab5c8164-034b8683", "study_id": 50284756, "subject_id": 19826582, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.The\n previous right central venous catheter is longer present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19826582/s50284756/a9ebae30-c00a8368-0981c709-ab5c8164-034b8683.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbd2dc82-f190d303-c3f383e7-1cc04cc2-fae89774", "study_id": 51744541, "subject_id": 12069130, "report": "impression: 1. Right chest wall port with tip in the mid SVC.\n 2. No evidence of acute pulmonary process. Findings: There is a right chest wall port with its tip terminating in the mid SVC. \n There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pulmonary vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12069130/s51744541/dbd2dc82-f190d303-c3f383e7-1cc04cc2-fae89774.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eaa416c5-8d9c1455-e6b198f9-3a3dfc2c-b9096a82", "study_id": 51440472, "subject_id": 15787923, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Mild left basal atelectasis. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lung volumes\n are low and there is mild left basal atelectasis noted. No effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15787923/s51440472/eaa416c5-8d9c1455-e6b198f9-3a3dfc2c-b9096a82.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b5efa37-7280aebb-fad414cc-fc436706-fc0be9da", "study_id": 56791070, "subject_id": 19826426, "report": "impression: Bilateral lower lobe volume loss/infiltrates. Findings: There is increased opacity at both bases compatible with volume loss within\n without associated underlying infection. Old rib fractures, hiatal hernia,\n and are again visualized. The heart is normal in size. Aortic calcifications\n are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19826426/s56791070/2b5efa37-7280aebb-fad414cc-fc436706-fc0be9da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08e88027-ded3c7d7-f6c6eb02-bc10a739-87db112e", "study_id": 51330398, "subject_id": 13876752, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change, with the exception of the newly inserted left-sided central venous\n line. The course of the line is unremarkable, the tip of the line projects\n over the upper to mid SVC. There is no complication, notably no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13876752/s51330398/08e88027-ded3c7d7-f6c6eb02-bc10a739-87db112e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e2da06e-3b807435-ed72b540-720a44a8-1ad966f7", "study_id": 53966584, "subject_id": 12971318, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12971318/s53966584/4e2da06e-3b807435-ed72b540-720a44a8-1ad966f7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1bd4c21d-824a11b2-7cee1676-a5262fcf-94d431fc", "study_id": 50860557, "subject_id": 17239293, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. \n Patient is status post right medial clavicle resection. Normal mediastinal\n and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No\n displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17239293/s50860557/1bd4c21d-824a11b2-7cee1676-a5262fcf-94d431fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d0dc009-b8bb60a4-ee6e0491-1ce1f7e3-7efc228f", "study_id": 51769049, "subject_id": 13140362, "report": "impression: No radiopaque foreign body. Findings: Endotracheal tube is seen 1.2 cm above the level of the carina. A right porta\n cath tip is in the right atrium. 2 left-sided drains project over the left\n hemithorax. No unexplained radiopaque foreign body, specifically subtle\n linear density seen along the left upper abdomen is consistent with a bowel\n loop rather than radiopaque foreign body.\n \n The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal, likely accentuated due to patient\n positioning. Mediastinal contour and hila are unremarkable. Mild left\n basilar opacity, likely atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13140362/s51769049/4d0dc009-b8bb60a4-ee6e0491-1ce1f7e3-7efc228f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcb3e067-bdc610ab-da397cbd-39caecd2-b55027e2", "study_id": 51428987, "subject_id": 10010231, "report": "impression: Unremarkable study. Findings: The lungs remain clear. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette and\n mediastinal contours are within normal limits for technique. There are no\n concerning bone findings.\n \n A right subclavian catheter is in place, as before, terminating at the level\n of the superior vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10010231/s51428987/fcb3e067-bdc610ab-da397cbd-39caecd2-b55027e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d24d42e5-cb782af6-fae278bc-03bd4417-8e1858a3", "study_id": 50428166, "subject_id": 16285590, "report": "impression: Bilateral opacities consistent with consolidation and possibly\n volume loss, pleural fluid at the left base. There appears to be slight\n interval improvement on the left. Findings: Comparison with the previous study of ___. Left chest tube\n remains in place. Patchy bibasilar pulmonary opacities and indistinctness of\n the left hemidiaphragm are redemonstrated. The left chest tube remains in\n place. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged in appearance.\n \n Compared with previous study, there is interval improvement in increased\n density on the left.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16285590/s50428166/d24d42e5-cb782af6-fae278bc-03bd4417-8e1858a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1eaf851-4a676b27-87dfbf18-8cbff560-e35da42b", "study_id": 55712392, "subject_id": 19462365, "report": "impression: Lower lung pneumonia. Emphysema. ET tube positioned appropriately. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Endotracheal tube resides\n approximately 4.5 cm above the carinal. Upper lung lucency suggests pneumonia.\n There is opacity in the lower lungs, right greater than left concerning for\n pneumonia. Heart size appears normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable.\n Prominence of the pulmonary hilar vasculature may reflect pulmonary\n hypertension. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19462365/s55712392/d1eaf851-4a676b27-87dfbf18-8cbff560-e35da42b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f60b556-6d983366-9e4e0b89-2f925a35-7b282b0d", "study_id": 50736437, "subject_id": 10380095, "report": "impression: The endotracheal tube is in good position.\n \n Left lower lobe atelectasis and small left effusion Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube is in good position. The patient is status\n post C2-T2 laminectomy. There is left retrocardiac opacity, likely\n atelectasis and blunting of the left costophrenic angle, representing a small\n effusion. No significant interstitial edema. The heart is not enlarged. \n Mild widening of the superior mediastinum likely due to position and\n technique. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10380095/s50736437/6f60b556-6d983366-9e4e0b89-2f925a35-7b282b0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45b7ce9c-ff43ddcc-4a495b0b-09e01ff6-2b238235", "study_id": 54169877, "subject_id": 12183689, "report": "Support and monitoring devices are in standard position. Opacity\n in the left lower lobe has slightly improved and most likely represents\n improving atelectasis with adjacent small-to-moderate left pleural effusion. \n No new areas of consolidation are evident in the remainder of the lungs to\n suggest a new source of infection.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12183689/s54169877/45b7ce9c-ff43ddcc-4a495b0b-09e01ff6-2b238235.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3d92e39-06b71b09-59f9cfca-1068c5d3-f4c67982", "study_id": 58746004, "subject_id": 17032851, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Re- demonstration of known moderate cardiomegaly and substantial\n enlargement of the aortic arch. Findings are unchanged since at least ___. Findings: Compared with the prior chest radiograph, previous right basilar opacity has\n improved. Moderate cardiomegaly and substantial enlargement of the aortic\n arch (related to known dissection) is stable since at least ___. No\n new focal consolidation, pleural effusions, or pneumothorax. Median\n sternotomy wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17032851/s58746004/c3d92e39-06b71b09-59f9cfca-1068c5d3-f4c67982.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "511a2a1e-6d5e473d-38c51d16-8c406a8d-2ba62cd4", "study_id": 54954336, "subject_id": 15957987, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There are continued bilateral pleural effusions,\n probably worse on the right, with compressive atelectasis at the bases. \n Continued evidence of pulmonary edema. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n it would be impossible to exclude supervening pneumonia.\n \n There is continued globular enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, consistent\n with the CT demonstration of moderate-to-large pericardial effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15957987/s54954336/511a2a1e-6d5e473d-38c51d16-8c406a8d-2ba62cd4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea9fa02e-3e31f061-ac12133a-d01288b2-a65d7299", "study_id": 58836431, "subject_id": 14671276, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Left Port-A-Cath tip at the junction of\n the SVC and right atrium. Findings: Left-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in at the SVC/right atrial junction.\n Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Scarring within the lung\n apices is re- demonstrated. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Compression deformities of several upper and mid\n thoracic vertebral bodies are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14671276/s58836431/ea9fa02e-3e31f061-ac12133a-d01288b2-a65d7299.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "246d7b3f-61a40c16-01916e26-a37a2e06-f542f992", "study_id": 54223310, "subject_id": 11146299, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is patchy opacification in\n the right upper zone, consistent with some hemorrhage about the lung mass\n secondary to the biopsy. No evidence of acute pneumonia. There is some\n indistinctness of pulmonary vessels, suggesting some increase in pulmonary\n venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11146299/s54223310/246d7b3f-61a40c16-01916e26-a37a2e06-f542f992.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6fdf8e3-7f150152-ec405918-e05b0e3b-f7e84c69", "study_id": 58749102, "subject_id": 14692345, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is a small residual left\n pneumothorax. The remainder of the study is essentially within normal limits\n with no evidence of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14692345/s58749102/d6fdf8e3-7f150152-ec405918-e05b0e3b-f7e84c69.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a18cf66c-81a08e61-f9200a53-639c318f-3b1e898c", "study_id": 59196546, "subject_id": 11550925, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear,\n cardiomediastinal contour is normal, and there is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11550925/s59196546/a18cf66c-81a08e61-f9200a53-639c318f-3b1e898c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "702e4983-18aa2a9f-1fada653-465592ba-96ff02b2", "study_id": 58028636, "subject_id": 11675468, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Mild to moderate cardiomegaly, increased\n compared to ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate mild to moderate cardiomegaly,\n increased compared to ___. The lungs are moderately well-aerated,\n without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11675468/s58028636/702e4983-18aa2a9f-1fada653-465592ba-96ff02b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "755d7022-2a877d45-a30b7a2e-409a05af-16e2b1ef", "study_id": 54812288, "subject_id": 19405593, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax is present. The heart, mediastinal\n and pleural surface contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19405593/s54812288/755d7022-2a877d45-a30b7a2e-409a05af-16e2b1ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "218e260a-d03fe3b4-8e932c5f-d48c071f-504a3429", "study_id": 57637501, "subject_id": 11362587, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been complete\n clearing of the pulmonary edema and the cardiac silhouette is within normal\n limits. No pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11362587/s57637501/218e260a-d03fe3b4-8e932c5f-d48c071f-504a3429.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45926874-d1f65bf8-3d364b6d-d1eef8cc-d365e08a", "study_id": 51319002, "subject_id": 12451177, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The left PICC has been removed. Heart size remains mildly enlarged, unchanged.\n The aorta is tortuous and demonstrates atherosclerotic calcifications at the\n arch. Mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n identified. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12451177/s51319002/45926874-d1f65bf8-3d364b6d-d1eef8cc-d365e08a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca44f193-ac5c23fb-d39f1d0e-618a0c97-d5ffd7c5", "study_id": 56903000, "subject_id": 12492854, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. A rib series with a marker placed at site\n of pain is more sensitive for subtle rib injury. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Lung volumes are low. \n There is no consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild bibasilar\n atelectasis is present. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is\n no effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12492854/s56903000/ca44f193-ac5c23fb-d39f1d0e-618a0c97-d5ffd7c5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68ec3f39-d6cdbe6a-8bb56727-2dac8f3e-480e87e8", "study_id": 51872058, "subject_id": 19198135, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are\n clear. No effusion, pneumothorax or consolidation is present. Heart and\n mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19198135/s51872058/68ec3f39-d6cdbe6a-8bb56727-2dac8f3e-480e87e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c4dc0ec3-8e49c94f-fda3559e-184e34ff-4cc9fe0b", "study_id": 59057376, "subject_id": 13207574, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal lung consolidation. The aortic knob is\n calcified. Note is made of mild left acromioclavicular arthropathy.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13207574/s59057376/c4dc0ec3-8e49c94f-fda3559e-184e34ff-4cc9fe0b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c662e4ab-2514a734-9b60730f-8c355fa0-702c7eb5", "study_id": 52127538, "subject_id": 15152711, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volume is low. There is no consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size. Multiple old healed\n fractures are noted on the right. Multiple compressive deformities of the\n thoracic spine are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15152711/s52127538/c662e4ab-2514a734-9b60730f-8c355fa0-702c7eb5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "711378b0-717eb1ce-68d0acda-69212a66-310599ce", "study_id": 56581162, "subject_id": 18185115, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the ventilation of the lung\n parenchyma is improved, notably at the bases of the right lung. The\n multifocal parenchymal opacities, predominantly in perihilar location, are\n unchanged. No larger pleural effusions are seen on today's image. Borderline\n size of the cardiac silhouette. The endotracheal tube is constant in\n appearance.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18185115/s56581162/711378b0-717eb1ce-68d0acda-69212a66-310599ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43d69f88-116e3171-ae9ad524-462c0fb7-d4efa1f6", "study_id": 51372876, "subject_id": 14123399, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increasing\n opacification at both bases with blunting of the costophrenic angles. The\n appearance suggests bilateral pneumonia with pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14123399/s51372876/43d69f88-116e3171-ae9ad524-462c0fb7-d4efa1f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "353d00ea-abcf3d71-b6c5fb42-ead7ec7e-7f272a6c", "study_id": 52593848, "subject_id": 13921670, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with evidence of elevated pulmonary venous pressure. \n Bilateral pleural effusions more prominent on the right with compressive\n atelectasis at the bases. More coalescent opacification in the right mid and\n lower zone could well represent a superimposed pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13921670/s52593848/353d00ea-abcf3d71-b6c5fb42-ead7ec7e-7f272a6c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8734b930-38f13b9e-ce9cb8ac-437aef9c-f4ff82e9", "study_id": 51473199, "subject_id": 16040005, "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the previously noted bibasilar opacities which may now\n be due to atelectasis. No new confluent consolidation or effusion. Findings: Although faint bibasilar opacities persist, there has been significant\n interval improvement in their appearance. There is no large confluent\n consolidation or effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16040005/s51473199/8734b930-38f13b9e-ce9cb8ac-437aef9c-f4ff82e9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b8c98b3-6f119ee9-f41c762c-6e13af5e-309711d5", "study_id": 55632962, "subject_id": 17728787, "report": "impression: Left base atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is mild left base atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen.\n There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Multiple surgical clips\n are seen in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17728787/s55632962/3b8c98b3-6f119ee9-f41c762c-6e13af5e-309711d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ce9588e-5a8a360e-85f9f83b-013286b0-bb2a6980", "study_id": 54814673, "subject_id": 17229811, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17229811/s54814673/2ce9588e-5a8a360e-85f9f83b-013286b0-bb2a6980.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "506b4083-57555232-c6dd1dc4-c9d3feb5-532d11b2", "study_id": 53452437, "subject_id": 18483037, "report": "impression: Findings indicating early congestive heart failure. No pneumothorax or focal\n consolidation. Findings: Compared to the prior study, emphysema is unchanged. Cardiomegaly is worse,\n with increased peripheral septal lines, indicating early congestive heart\n failure. No focal consolidation or effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18483037/s53452437/506b4083-57555232-c6dd1dc4-c9d3feb5-532d11b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d48290d9-00d9e322-0ca79a0b-c82fbb57-240d3a78", "study_id": 54448775, "subject_id": 18735542, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates in the lower superior vena cava. The\n heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18735542/s54448775/d48290d9-00d9e322-0ca79a0b-c82fbb57-240d3a78.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc715e09-9ef4933b-a6e04eb9-0f791b19-85afd746", "study_id": 55359406, "subject_id": 12357364, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: Single AP portable upright views through the chest demonstrates\n left pectoral pacemaker with three leads in unchanged position. No focal\n consolidation is identified within the lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No\n acute osseous structures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12357364/s55359406/fc715e09-9ef4933b-a6e04eb9-0f791b19-85afd746.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0111d952-0df9e69b-c81b0fab-ba72f157-b5ace4b8", "study_id": 54513597, "subject_id": 14835325, "report": "impression: No interval change compared to 2 hours prior. No acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: Compared to 2 hours prior, no significant interval change. Lungs are overall\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14835325/s54513597/0111d952-0df9e69b-c81b0fab-ba72f157-b5ace4b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "64fd68d8-8a8c803f-bfbcede4-ac40590a-27a47f72", "study_id": 53661249, "subject_id": 14372241, "report": "impression: 1. Left basilar atelectasis.\n 2. Mild mid thoracic vertebral body compression fracture, similar to ___. Findings: Streaky left basilar opacity likely reflects atelectasis. The lungs\n are otherwise clear. There is no pneumothorax. Again the aorta is tortuous,\n relatively stable from the prior exams. Cardiac silhouette is stable in size.\n No obvious rib fractures noted. There is a mild compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, not significantly changed from ___. Screw within\n the right proximal humerus is noted. IVC filter is partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14372241/s53661249/64fd68d8-8a8c803f-bfbcede4-ac40590a-27a47f72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57fdb2a5-eafdbd65-ee7ceb11-266097e2-74a69272", "study_id": 55461629, "subject_id": 11260983, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Eventration of the\n right hemidiaphragm and posterior right-sided Bochdalek's hernia are better\n characterized in prior chest CT. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: Lungs are well expanded. An eventration of the right hemidiaphragm\n is better seen in the lateral view. Also in the lateral view, there is a\n triangular opacity obscuring the posterior right costophrenic sulcus and\n silhouetting out the posterior margin of the right hemidiaphragm which\n corresponds to a fat containing Bochdalek hernia better characterized in prior\n chest CT. Linear opacities along the left lung base are compatible with\n subsegmental atelectasis. Otherwise, no other focal parenchymal opacities are\n identified. \n \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine with calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament are\n present. Cardiac size is normal. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11260983/s55461629/57fdb2a5-eafdbd65-ee7ceb11-266097e2-74a69272.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ecd1d8d7-297abc89-6543e5d8-45aae6fa-8944feb0", "study_id": 51864586, "subject_id": 16553707, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. No evidence of a fracture on this nondedicated exam. Is clinical concern\n for rib fracture, dedicated rib series radiograph should be obtained. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The heart is normal size. Mediastinum is not widened. No\n evidence of a fracture.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16553707/s51864586/ecd1d8d7-297abc89-6543e5d8-45aae6fa-8944feb0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87d37867-2e0557ee-71a091a2-68336aeb-fae005ca", "study_id": 51722144, "subject_id": 10413587, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Surgical clips project about the right breast. \n Clips are also present at the base of the neck and suggest prior\n thyroidectomy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10413587/s51722144/87d37867-2e0557ee-71a091a2-68336aeb-fae005ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "226637f9-ac5bb815-db7c9e2f-340d384b-8a07ff84", "study_id": 56108424, "subject_id": 14490374, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Endotracheal tube in unchanged position. Borderline size of the\n cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. Minimal atelectasis at the left\n lung base. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14490374/s56108424/226637f9-ac5bb815-db7c9e2f-340d384b-8a07ff84.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8ae97b28-66084d80-f775fe2f-08d15de9-abb6b4e8", "study_id": 53858670, "subject_id": 14290075, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Unchanged cardiomegaly. As before, there are midline sternotomy wires and\n several mediastinal clips. The patient is status post aortic valve\n replacement. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion. Again seen is prominent\n extrapleural fat at the right midlung laterally, underlying chronic right\n lateral rib fractures. There is exaggerated thoracic kyphosis with mild\n wedging of multiple mid thoracic vertebral bodies. Chronic mid right\n clavicular fracture is also noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14290075/s53858670/8ae97b28-66084d80-f775fe2f-08d15de9-abb6b4e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4575a1fa-fbfb2a89-c4aa9efe-ebd4ee73-f3110f69", "study_id": 51369756, "subject_id": 10147087, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left chest wall Port-A-Cath is seen with catheter tip in the upper SVC. The\n lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10147087/s51369756/4575a1fa-fbfb2a89-c4aa9efe-ebd4ee73-f3110f69.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c4bbeaac-7cd97c89-a38843a3-57e953aa-95fef39b", "study_id": 56892784, "subject_id": 11397046, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are probably unchanged allowing\n for differences in lung volumes, which are somewhat lower than on the prior\n study. The lungs appear clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Bony structures appear within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11397046/s56892784/c4bbeaac-7cd97c89-a38843a3-57e953aa-95fef39b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db43f04f-c7b8d079-d4a3ceea-221a2368-d9da1f34", "study_id": 52930765, "subject_id": 11162399, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes makes assessment for hilar lymphadenopathy and\n evaluation of an apparent left posterior basilar opacity difficult. When the\n patient's condition permits, PA and lateral radiographs with a deeper\n inspiration are recommended to better assess the hilar structures and to\n re-evalute the posterior basal left lower lobe. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low and there is resultant crowding of bronchovascular structures, especially\n at the bases. An apparent more confluent opacity in the posterior basal left\n lower lobe is noted. Both the low lung volumes and AP technique accentuate the\n cardiomediastinal contours. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11162399/s52930765/db43f04f-c7b8d079-d4a3ceea-221a2368-d9da1f34.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78e2ef1f-bc3a06be-d6ec0dd1-47a020dc-ba42016f", "study_id": 55444985, "subject_id": 14470177, "report": "impression: Streaky bibasilar airspace opacities are nonspecific, and may be in reflective\n of atelectasis, infection or aspiration. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs\n are hyperinflated. Streaky and patchy bibasilar airspace opacities may\n reflect infection, atelectasis or possibly aspiration. If there is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. Scarring within the lung\n apices is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized. Old\n right-sided rib fracture is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14470177/s55444985/78e2ef1f-bc3a06be-d6ec0dd1-47a020dc-ba42016f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "153e6c6c-140f5498-f751aa1c-c5a088b6-ed600921", "study_id": 55456031, "subject_id": 11324462, "report": "impression: Normal radiograph of the chest. Findings: A single portable upright view of the chest was provided. The\n lungs are clear. The hila and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There\n is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11324462/s55456031/153e6c6c-140f5498-f751aa1c-c5a088b6-ed600921.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83530f12-06d6a4bd-7346294a-0c4cb8fe-902bcf1d", "study_id": 54047557, "subject_id": 10622292, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. No\n focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are identified. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10622292/s54047557/83530f12-06d6a4bd-7346294a-0c4cb8fe-902bcf1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "935bad51-20993900-11a011b9-b1ac135c-02bbe4e8", "study_id": 55845385, "subject_id": 16401626, "report": "impression: 1. No new focal consolidation. Lingular consolidation with associated lucency\n is unchanged.\n 2. Unchanged nodular opacity in the left mid lung. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and lung volumes which are slightly lower compared to prior exam. \n Again seen is consolidation in the lingula with associated lucency. A right\n cardiophrenic angle opacity is not as well appreciated on this exam. A\n nodular opacity in the left mid lung is unchanged. There is no new focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16401626/s55845385/935bad51-20993900-11a011b9-b1ac135c-02bbe4e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a219827d-f64f2e3b-89623455-916d8eae-bfa29818", "study_id": 59167011, "subject_id": 11393071, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures. The costophrenic\n sinuses are unremarkable. No pleural effusions. No focal parenchymal opacity\n suggesting pneumonia. No pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11393071/s59167011/a219827d-f64f2e3b-89623455-916d8eae-bfa29818.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97208675-e820b1e3-f2a3b44c-3e9c0776-a4abf1bf", "study_id": 53276400, "subject_id": 19953300, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcified right apical pleural plaque is\n unchanged. Unchanged dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19953300/s53276400/97208675-e820b1e3-f2a3b44c-3e9c0776-a4abf1bf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d5c8003-3c592bb9-16dffdbe-da8f6898-cdc444fb", "study_id": 56183898, "subject_id": 14642407, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Calcified nodule again projects\n over the right upper lung. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation or\n effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14642407/s56183898/4d5c8003-3c592bb9-16dffdbe-da8f6898-cdc444fb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85ffaf32-0a5c22d7-c6543306-05537996-2f90e157", "study_id": 55063690, "subject_id": 15405231, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There relatively low lung volumes. No focal consolidation is seen. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are grossly stable given differences in inspiration.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15405231/s55063690/85ffaf32-0a5c22d7-c6543306-05537996-2f90e157.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3794fe00-ba7bb1eb-76088364-b9712524-0583c06f", "study_id": 55701736, "subject_id": 19394918, "report": "impression: Bibasilar linear opacities are similar to prior and compatible\n with atelectasis or scarring. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Heart size\n and cardiomediastinal contours are stable. Bibasilar linear opacities are\n similar to prior and compatible with atelectasis or scarring. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19394918/s55701736/3794fe00-ba7bb1eb-76088364-b9712524-0583c06f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "880f4ecf-573b6fad-33cc37fc-1f45993b-49be5677", "study_id": 51247502, "subject_id": 14174955, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14174955/s51247502/880f4ecf-573b6fad-33cc37fc-1f45993b-49be5677.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7e0a0ff-a259d781-ccc14c7a-df2e0d37-3563a398", "study_id": 50074130, "subject_id": 12579739, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Normal mediastinal and hilar contours. Mild cardiomegaly with normal\n pulmonary vasculature. Clear lungs without interstitial edema or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12579739/s50074130/f7e0a0ff-a259d781-ccc14c7a-df2e0d37-3563a398.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4a5b530-df22277a-ca3d6881-cb11edb1-79462cfe", "study_id": 53324433, "subject_id": 19147679, "report": "impression: Significant interval progression of right lung opacity and right\n pleural effusion which appears loculated. Further characterization with CT is\n recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrates obscuration of\n the right hemidiaphragm. There is interval increase in right lung opacity\n with loculated pleural fluid along the lateral right hemithorax. A rounded\n posterior density a noted in the right lower lung, ?? unclear etiology. The\n heart size is top normal. There are no suspicious osseous lesions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19147679/s53324433/f4a5b530-df22277a-ca3d6881-cb11edb1-79462cfe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef03dbfe-cca60d64-2db43860-1e923711-4cd73edf", "study_id": 50836816, "subject_id": 14734080, "report": "impression: Intact left clavicle without fracture. No pneumothorax. No acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. The left clavicle appears intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14734080/s50836816/ef03dbfe-cca60d64-2db43860-1e923711-4cd73edf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d837937c-141968e6-a2c0bf25-f544d575-887cec12", "study_id": 51972465, "subject_id": 19152281, "report": "impression: Interval slight worsening of partial right upper lobe atelectasis\n with associated bronchiectasis, and apparent progression in bilateral lower\n lobe bronchial wall thickening. These findings may be due to the patient's\n history of MAC infection. Consider followup chest CT for more accurate\n comparison to previous outside CT of ___. Findings: Partial atelectasis of the right upper lobe with associated\n bronchiectasis has slightly progressed in the interval. Lower lobe bronchial\n wall thickening, best visualized on the lateral radiograph has slightly\n progressed in the interval. Peripheral right lower lobe and left upper lobe\n scarring are unchanged. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are\n no pleural effusions or acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19152281/s51972465/d837937c-141968e6-a2c0bf25-f544d575-887cec12.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3768deb3-83c52ad2-9d22f822-b313e6f4-48341ca1", "study_id": 52185469, "subject_id": 17890530, "report": "impression: Persistent massive cardiomegaly with increasing, now moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: Interval placement of a right-sided IJ central venous line, with the tip\n terminating in the distal SVC at the cavoatrial junction. The heart remains\n markedly enlarged, which may reflect cardiomegaly although pericardial\n effusion should also be considered. There has been interval appearance of\n mild interstitial edema. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion,\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17890530/s52185469/3768deb3-83c52ad2-9d22f822-b313e6f4-48341ca1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c26b49f4-11bfb8c7-2ca890e5-c7843342-284b468c", "study_id": 58666649, "subject_id": 13703589, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. The lungs are well expanded and\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13703589/s58666649/c26b49f4-11bfb8c7-2ca890e5-c7843342-284b468c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b78fd38-880678e3-62150235-3aaf7b4f-9013bb7c", "study_id": 58750395, "subject_id": 11849511, "report": "Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates ET tube, NG tube and\n right internal jugular central venous catheter in unchanged position. The\n pigtail catheter and left basilar chest tube are also unchanged. There is\n stable appearance of the left pleural opacity with poor aeration of the left\n lower lobe as well as the left lower lobe bronchus which may be obstructed.\n Lung volumes are lower with crowding of the bronchovascular markings which\n could just be related to low lung volumes versus mild edema. No large right\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11849511/s58750395/5b78fd38-880678e3-62150235-3aaf7b4f-9013bb7c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdd4fb87-c93b904b-068d61e0-95c4f6f3-26f7a66c", "study_id": 58612633, "subject_id": 11896917, "report": "impression: Stable loculated moderate right pleural effusion.\n \n Stable small left pleural effusion with associated left lower lobe partial\n atelectasis. Findings: Skin folds projecting over the right apex should not be mistaken for\n pneumothorax. A loculated moderate right pleural effusion is unchanged. A\n small left pleural effusion with associated left lower lobe atelectasis is\n unchanged. Nodular right lung opacities are not as well seen on today's exam,\n and may have been due to pleural fluid. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11896917/s58612633/fdd4fb87-c93b904b-068d61e0-95c4f6f3-26f7a66c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fde35263-896fee65-e837de33-e5a8dae1-dd352c93", "study_id": 57747623, "subject_id": 18335108, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia.\n \n Mild to moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and in a somewhat\n globular configuration ; underlying pericardial effusion not excluded. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. Persistent calcified nodule in the left mid\n lung measures approximates 5 mm and represents a calcified granuloma. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Focal eventration of the posterior\n diaphragm on the lateral view may be due to a small Bochdalek's hernia. The\n cardiac silhouette is mild to moderately enlarged; underlying pericardial\n effusion is not excluded. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No\n pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18335108/s57747623/fde35263-896fee65-e837de33-e5a8dae1-dd352c93.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6920131a-acc76cd8-d106577e-8571ad32-bf47f1e9", "study_id": 58516088, "subject_id": 16876042, "report": "impression: Subtle patchy right basilar opacity could be due to atelectasis/ scarring,\n although aspiration or subtle infection is not excluded in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Findings: The lungs relatively hyperinflated. There is subtle patchy right basilar\n opacity which could be due to atelectasis although aspiration or subtle\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. The left lung\n is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16876042/s58516088/6920131a-acc76cd8-d106577e-8571ad32-bf47f1e9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc2cef90-3cfde4e9-2925868e-1ef78b24-0841bb91", "study_id": 56390648, "subject_id": 18195341, "report": "impression: 1) No evidence of pneumothorax detected.\n 2) Diffuse bilateral lung opacities. However, this may be an artifact due to\n technique. If clinically indicated, a repeat CXR in upright position with\n improved inspiration, may help for further assessment. Findings: Diffuse opacities through both lungs are noted, but may be accentuated by\n supine positionoing and low lung volumes, as there is no correposnding opacity\n in the upper portion of the lungs seen on the conteporaneous c-spine CT. Low\n inspiratory volumes may also account for slight prominence of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. The heart is not enlarged. No supine film\n evidence of pneumothorax identified and no gross effusion. No apical capping\n is identified. No rib fracture detected on this lung-technique film.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18195341/s56390648/fc2cef90-3cfde4e9-2925868e-1ef78b24-0841bb91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f506c16b-c58e61a2-a2a7d2e5-8f2b2754-d90bb33d", "study_id": 50600235, "subject_id": 17969620, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion is identified. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size. Linear opacities at the left\n lung base is unchanged and may reflect atelectasis or scarring.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17969620/s50600235/f506c16b-c58e61a2-a2a7d2e5-8f2b2754-d90bb33d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "229d6008-23879779-f8411c33-1a7f7705-1bdbe3a2", "study_id": 59881088, "subject_id": 19038275, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. There is slight prominence of the interstitial\n markings which may be due to a mild interstitial edema, atypical infection not\n excluded. No lobar consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. \n Evidence of prior vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty is seen at the lower thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19038275/s59881088/229d6008-23879779-f8411c33-1a7f7705-1bdbe3a2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8c4d409-88776c78-3fe3ad79-9e4aee5e-ac75d6fd", "study_id": 58543527, "subject_id": 11069193, "report": "impression: 1. Subtle right paramediastinal opacity for which CT chest is recommended to\n further assess.\n 2. Emphysema with top-normal heart size. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated with prominent retrosternal clear space and upper lung\n lucency suggesting COPD/emphysema. There is a convex right paramediastinal\n opacity abutting the right upper lung right for which CT is recommended to\n further assess. Otherwise lungs appear clear. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart is top-normal in size. No signs of congestion or\n pulmonary edema. Imaged bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11069193/s58543527/c8c4d409-88776c78-3fe3ad79-9e4aee5e-ac75d6fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50ad585b-6487ae23-5f15a63c-f322040e-7332c7df", "study_id": 56324376, "subject_id": 11924919, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11924919/s56324376/50ad585b-6487ae23-5f15a63c-f322040e-7332c7df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d631a3c8-7ef7ce54-90b4f882-efc2e0dc-630d1092", "study_id": 58299148, "subject_id": 11194776, "report": "impression: 1. Findings suggest moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n 2. Possible recurrent opacity at the right lung base; developing pneumonia is\n not excluded. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary artery bypass\n graft surgery. The lung volumes are low. There is similar cardiomegaly. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. Fissures are\n thickened. There is no definite pleural effusion. Perihilar fullness and,\n although somewhat heterogeneous, widespread opacification with hazy pulmonary\n vasculature suggests moderate pulmonary edema. As seen previously, medial\n right basilar opacity is more confluent than elsewhere so coinciding\n infectious process is not excluded.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11194776/s58299148/d631a3c8-7ef7ce54-90b4f882-efc2e0dc-630d1092.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66562bb7-36b7070f-ed03abd3-5d0bf9de-721c9b52", "study_id": 51406405, "subject_id": 17799996, "report": "impression: Interval placement of an endotracheal tube whose tip is at the carina and\n should be withdrawn. Nasogastric tube in appropriate position. Hopefully to\n visit evolving may extend to the tube had \n \n The endotracheal tube had already been withdrawn at time of this dictation as\n seen on follow up CT. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Since prior there has been interval\n placement of a endotracheal tube whose tip is at the carina and should be\n withdrawn. Left PICC again seen. NG tube passes below the inferior field of\n view. Bilateral, left greater than right pleural effusions are again noted. \n Remaining findings in the chest have not significantly changed.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17799996/s51406405/66562bb7-36b7070f-ed03abd3-5d0bf9de-721c9b52.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7cf31bf1-65a5b2cc-9752084b-9514f376-b7de6b61", "study_id": 55321056, "subject_id": 16575856, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16575856/s55321056/7cf31bf1-65a5b2cc-9752084b-9514f376-b7de6b61.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8d6ba9a-87adda11-343cf770-0e47e340-bcd83943", "study_id": 59771497, "subject_id": 12127346, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. No confluent opacity\n is identified. There is no vascular congestion, pulmonary edema, or pleural\n effusion. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Heart\n size remains at the upper limits of normal and is larger than expected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12127346/s59771497/c8d6ba9a-87adda11-343cf770-0e47e340-bcd83943.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4491235a-868bf4f3-2f2f2793-df60a7d3-ca652a42", "study_id": 58063162, "subject_id": 14851484, "report": "impression: Possible trace right pleural effusion. Otherwise, no significant interval\n change. Findings: 2 lead left-sided pacemaker is again seen, stable in position. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is persistent obscuration of the\n left hemidiaphragm which may be due to a Bochdalek hernia as also seen on the\n prior study. No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural\n effusion although a trace right pleural effusion and is difficult to exclude\n as there is again blunting of the right costophrenic angle. No pneumothorax is\n seen. A VP shunt is noted coursing over the right hemi thorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14851484/s58063162/4491235a-868bf4f3-2f2f2793-df60a7d3-ca652a42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3aa70063-0dbfc561-8b411950-f24e88f6-50eb4959", "study_id": 53955826, "subject_id": 13723414, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the two left chest tubes\n are in constant position. Constant pleural thickening at the left chest wall.\n \n On today's image, there is a previously invisible rounded opacity in the right\n lung apex, projecting over the fourth right rib, that was documented on PET-CT\n examination from ___.\n \n Normal appearance of the cardiac silhouette. No change in extent of the known\n left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal changes.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13723414/s53955826/3aa70063-0dbfc561-8b411950-f24e88f6-50eb4959.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0742a997-47542afa-6f17b3c2-56090b22-27130e51", "study_id": 59796477, "subject_id": 13697731, "report": "impression: Acinar nodularity and worsening consolidation in the right upper and left\n lower lobes suggestive of worsening pulmonary edema, ARDS or possibly\n pulmonary hemorrhage.\n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by telphone 20 minutes after\n discovery by Dr. ___. Findings: An endotracheal tube is seen in place approximately 5 cm above the carina. A\n feeding tube is again seen passing below the diaphragm. The left-sided PICC\n line is unchanged. There is worsening consolidation of the left lower lobe as\n well as the right upper lobe and scattered acinar nodularity seen throughout\n the right lung. The heart is enlarged. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13697731/s59796477/0742a997-47542afa-6f17b3c2-56090b22-27130e51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8600a53d-7e323ccd-462ed4c3-a57f1980-5f2e8805", "study_id": 58109966, "subject_id": 18683148, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear with no evidence of a consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. No acute\n fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18683148/s58109966/8600a53d-7e323ccd-462ed4c3-a57f1980-5f2e8805.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7969bb3-3fc358aa-704ff902-4c0eeaa1-488777f8", "study_id": 52726222, "subject_id": 12725946, "report": "impression: 1. Probable right lower lobe pneumonia accompanied by increasing small right\n pleural effusion. 2. Improved pulmonary edema. Chronic severe cardiomegaly. Findings: Consolidation at the base of the right lung has been present since ___\n and previously during episodes of pulmonary edema. While edema has improved\n elsewhere in the lungs, this area consolidation has worsened and small right\n pleural effusion has increased, raising the likelihood fact this is pneumonia.\n Moderate cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary vascular congestion are chronic. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax.\n \n Sternal wires are intact and aligned. Patient has had mitral valve\n replacement.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12725946/s52726222/b7969bb3-3fc358aa-704ff902-4c0eeaa1-488777f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7f995446-5a429055-530e140e-c9772842-f37c8c58", "study_id": 51037145, "subject_id": 18155811, "report": "impression: As above, no acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy wires\n are noted. The heart is top-normal in size. The mediastinal contour is\n normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, large effusion or\n pneumothorax. Imaged osseous structures are intact. High riding right\n humeral head suggests chronic right rotator cuff disease.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18155811/s51037145/7f995446-5a429055-530e140e-c9772842-f37c8c58.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa95045a-27068452-ef5a8bf3-7a09a363-4fa6cfaf", "study_id": 58330723, "subject_id": 13572913, "report": "impression: Normal chest x-ray. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13572913/s58330723/fa95045a-27068452-ef5a8bf3-7a09a363-4fa6cfaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd36ab3c-dcbd0245-ad0f3093-e012b8fb-ad16c92f", "study_id": 54684002, "subject_id": 15406525, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15406525/s54684002/dd36ab3c-dcbd0245-ad0f3093-e012b8fb-ad16c92f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f33d9c02-2dd5a5de-0cb990c1-d8693a7f-68962a1b", "study_id": 55752128, "subject_id": 18952261, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Postradiation changes are noted. Cardiomegaly is mild. The lung fields are\n clear. A left Port-A-Cath terminates in the low SVC.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18952261/s55752128/f33d9c02-2dd5a5de-0cb990c1-d8693a7f-68962a1b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c6bcccd2-12d0abf4-b1048bdd-d3658773-3957a848", "study_id": 51961670, "subject_id": 14873669, "report": "impression: New right PICC line with tip in the lower SVC. Slight worsening\n of left lower lobe atelectasis and left pleural effusion. Findings: A new right subclavian PICC line is seen with a normal course and\n the tip projecting over the lower SVC. There is no evidence of complications,\n specifically there is no pneumothorax. There is slight increase in the left\n lower lobe atelectasis compared to previous imaging. The pre-existing left\n pleural effusion is also somewhat more extensive. Otherwise, exam is\n unchanged from previous imaging.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14873669/s51961670/c6bcccd2-12d0abf4-b1048bdd-d3658773-3957a848.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "65c0552d-65040ba1-8a04d5bd-8fbc28de-c3638620", "study_id": 53869190, "subject_id": 11484147, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate well-expanded clear\n lungs. Heart is normal in size, and cardiomediastinal contour is\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11484147/s53869190/65c0552d-65040ba1-8a04d5bd-8fbc28de-c3638620.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a531a73-36e5123a-2bdb6997-e7d8edb6-db65649d", "study_id": 52173693, "subject_id": 18580088, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided demonstrating no\n focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. The imaged osseous structures are intact. There is no\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18580088/s52173693/4a531a73-36e5123a-2bdb6997-e7d8edb6-db65649d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73d54bc3-29b9f2c8-1106f282-d4f6f7f4-297e62fc", "study_id": 52207279, "subject_id": 11915711, "report": "impression: Persistent though decreased cardiomegaly. Mildly enlarged right\n pulmonary artery. Clear lungs. Findings: Severe dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine distorts the\n mediastinum which is otherwise unremarkable. There is stable if not decreased\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Lungs are clear. The right pulmonary artery\n is enlarged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11915711/s52207279/73d54bc3-29b9f2c8-1106f282-d4f6f7f4-297e62fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb5d327d-154a3ad4-3473cd5f-945cc5aa-246b8aa8", "study_id": 54049026, "subject_id": 11000743, "report": "impression: There is no new consolidation. Right lower lobe opacity has completely\n resolved. Findings: The lungs are now clear. Right upper lobe opacity has completely resolved. \n There is only minimal bibasilar atelectasis. Right jugular line ends in upper\n SVC. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal. No significant pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11000743/s54049026/bb5d327d-154a3ad4-3473cd5f-945cc5aa-246b8aa8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88080c69-d37ebc29-0c5d1437-b69c89f3-ea66595c", "study_id": 56550303, "subject_id": 10287542, "report": "impression: Status post right thoracentesis with interval decrease in size of the right\n pleural effusion. Persisting airspace opacities in the right lower lung zone\n may reflect re-expansion pulmonary edema and/or atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval decrease in size of the right pleural effusion. There is a\n persisting opacification in the right lower lung zone which may reflect\n re-expansion pulmonary edema and/or atelectasis. No right pneumothorax. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the left\n lung.\n \n The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10287542/s56550303/88080c69-d37ebc29-0c5d1437-b69c89f3-ea66595c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5dbb4384-2ef7682d-483f32d0-cb867323-28f12c02", "study_id": 57983712, "subject_id": 11830029, "report": "impression: Findings which may suggest obstructive pulmonary disease, but no\n evidence for acute process. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The pulmonary architecture appears somewhat\n irregular, which may reflect underlying pulmonary obstructive disease. \n Streaky opacities in each costophrenic sulcus suggest minor scarring or\n atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. An expanded anteroposterior dimension of the chest\n suggests mild hyperinflation. Small osteophytes are noted along the thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11830029/s57983712/5dbb4384-2ef7682d-483f32d0-cb867323-28f12c02.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c8924c3-58d02815-d580d2c9-60ffc827-745b0416", "study_id": 59380369, "subject_id": 14606539, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The heart\n size is stably borderline enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cholecystectomy clips are seen\n in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14606539/s59380369/8c8924c3-58d02815-d580d2c9-60ffc827-745b0416.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9d8bdf0-be097ce2-38db9ace-fb3ebd50-03d6e008", "study_id": 56748222, "subject_id": 13233757, "report": "impression: Interval removal of bilateral chest tubes. No pneumothorax. No appreciable\n effusions. Improving opacification of the bilateral lung bases, predominantly\n on the right, reflecting improved aeration. Findings: Compared to chest radiographs dated ___, there has been interval\n removal of bilateral chest tubes. No pneumothoraces. Lung volumes remain\n low. Opacification at the bilateral lung bases, somewhat improved on right,\n likely reflect atelectasis. No appreciable effusions. No new focal\n consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Multiple bilateral\n displaced rib fractures are unchanged and better assessed on prior chest CT\n from ___.\n \n Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 3.6 cm above the carina,\n unchanged. Esophageal drainage tube extends below the diaphragm and\n terminates in the distal stomach, with side ports either at or slightly beyond\n the esophagogastric junction.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13233757/s56748222/f9d8bdf0-be097ce2-38db9ace-fb3ebd50-03d6e008.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48144220-a4eb0e31-4c77fe10-0ad96207-52e17e22", "study_id": 51437923, "subject_id": 17876274, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aorta is minimally tortuous as before. The\n left hemidiaphragm is minimally elevated, but not significantly changed in\n extent from ___. A left suprahilar opacity is stable. No new\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is likely an\n ingested hyperdense object in the area of the hepatic flexure.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17876274/s51437923/48144220-a4eb0e31-4c77fe10-0ad96207-52e17e22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d09f25b-4f1edad1-f921221a-559d6536-2e0639c0", "study_id": 53581523, "subject_id": 19398915, "report": "impression: Improving multifocal parenchymal opacities suggesting resolving\n pneumonia, but increasing dense opacification of the right lower hemithorax\n suggesting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis or potentially\n pneumonia. Findings: The heart appears mild to moderately enlarged. Heterogeneous\n opacification of the left lung appears markedly improved. Similarly, there\n has been improvement in opacities in the right mid-to-upper lung, probably\n including substantial improvement in the superior segment of the right lower\n lobe. Patchy opacity layering along the minor fissure suggests atelectasis. \n A pigtail catheter has been removed. There is recurrent opacification of the\n right lower hemithorax, probably reflecting pleural effusion, most likely\n moderate in size but difficult to quantify, as well as increasingly dense\n opacification of the right middle lobe suggesting atelectasis or\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19398915/s53581523/1d09f25b-4f1edad1-f921221a-559d6536-2e0639c0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52e049eb-c3db0c29-b18c38ec-dd25f47f-650073e5", "study_id": 57818456, "subject_id": 19310285, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. No pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. Minimal\n retrocardiac atelectasis. No pleural effusions. No pulmonary edema. No\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19310285/s57818456/52e049eb-c3db0c29-b18c38ec-dd25f47f-650073e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b64cf7d-9f9b84d3-2f45f01f-96dda53b-fe3e1b00", "study_id": 53199973, "subject_id": 14163263, "report": "impression: Right upper lobe consolidation with cavitation raises the possibility of\n infection such as TB or neoplasm and should be further evaluated with CT. Findings: There is dense consolidation at the right apex with central cavitation. The\n left lung is clear, better assessed on the subsequent CT scan. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart is normal size.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14163263/s53199973/4b64cf7d-9f9b84d3-2f45f01f-96dda53b-fe3e1b00.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4611e690-1dcb75fe-e7da1b50-69666d1a-e3cf6ea9", "study_id": 54130144, "subject_id": 17768098, "report": "AP portable single view of chest x-ray shows interval ventilation\n of lung bases with reduced atelectasis, now minimal. Right chest tubes are\n unchanged. There is a small right apical hydropneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Moderate abdominal and gaseous\n distention.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17768098/s54130144/4611e690-1dcb75fe-e7da1b50-69666d1a-e3cf6ea9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dce7503a-9edf8c65-6eeb4f8d-ff76ca85-0a317231", "study_id": 51203947, "subject_id": 11155072, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There has been placement of a right-sided PICC line with distal lead tip at\n the cavoatrial junction appropriately sited. There are no pneumothoraces. \n Heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11155072/s51203947/dce7503a-9edf8c65-6eeb4f8d-ff76ca85-0a317231.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f566140-9fd61fff-5dd55681-af40efb0-77f49a44", "study_id": 59194066, "subject_id": 13198693, "report": "AP single view of the chest with patient in semi-erect position\n demonstrates an NG tube that reaches the fundus of the stomach. In this\n location, the line reverses and its tip is directed back into the esophagus\n pointing in retrograde fashion. This line requires positional adjustment. No\n pneumothorax or any other placement-related complications identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13198693/s59194066/0f566140-9fd61fff-5dd55681-af40efb0-77f49a44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bb246a3-a006cce3-1d747f56-6851720a-af0b9a83", "study_id": 55390376, "subject_id": 17336850, "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in lung volumes bilaterally. Stable bibasilar\n opacities likely reflect atelectasis, but superimposed infection cannot be\n excluded. Findings: Interval placement of a nasogastric tube, which terminates in the stomach. \n Stable, borderline cardiomegaly. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Slight interval improvement in low lung volumes bilaterally. Persistent\n retrocardiac opacity suggests atelectasis. Stable opacity in the right\n cardiophrenic sulcus could represent atelectasis or pneumonia. Interval\n resolution of small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17336850/s55390376/9bb246a3-a006cce3-1d747f56-6851720a-af0b9a83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1a3837b-6be947f1-d1f8308e-4a9cae47-90551397", "study_id": 55225655, "subject_id": 10037928, "report": "impression: 1. Post vertebroplasty. Otherwise, normal chest radiograph Findings: The lungs appear clear with normal lung volumes. No evidence of pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No\n hilar or vasculature abnormalities are identified. Lateral radiographs reveal\n patient is status post vertebroplasty.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10037928/s55225655/b1a3837b-6be947f1-d1f8308e-4a9cae47-90551397.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16d52411-90f2de58-6641f2c1-f41315bb-dcafba4f", "study_id": 57576942, "subject_id": 17560931, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Questioned\n possible 7 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the right mid lung on the prior\n study is not well seen on this study. Chest CT is more sensitive in\n evaluating for small pulmonary nodules.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17560931/s57576942/16d52411-90f2de58-6641f2c1-f41315bb-dcafba4f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3634f26d-95ea2444-fbd63934-37cc69c6-861f0618", "study_id": 53237114, "subject_id": 15155243, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Low lung volumes. Heart size is normal and unchanged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is\n streaky atelectasis in the left lung base. Lungs are otherwise clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are right posterior healed\n rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15155243/s53237114/3634f26d-95ea2444-fbd63934-37cc69c6-861f0618.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "678cd72e-80ae8a01-9b996a15-bc959c5b-7bc8da6c", "study_id": 57232452, "subject_id": 18807142, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Orthopedic hardware is seen at the mid right clavicle. No acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18807142/s57232452/678cd72e-80ae8a01-9b996a15-bc959c5b-7bc8da6c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ad464ee-d757ac6c-529cd8e9-2735c578-5929f50f", "study_id": 59938129, "subject_id": 15528228, "report": "impression: Much improved over the last 2 days. Findings: There is almost complete clearance to the left lower lobe opacity. The rest\n of the lung fields are clear. The heart is normal in size and the great\n vessels are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15528228/s59938129/5ad464ee-d757ac6c-529cd8e9-2735c578-5929f50f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98baebb9-32846281-74c8b90a-16c3f460-02e037e9", "study_id": 55676184, "subject_id": 18183766, "report": "impression: 1. Left upper lobe and focal bronchopneumonia. A follow-up CT chest could be\n performed for further evaluation if symptoms do not improve with appropriate\n antibiotic coverage.\n \n 2. Stable lung hyperexpansion, consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. Findings: Hyperinflation of the lungs is unchanged since ___. A focal area of bronchial\n wall thickening or consolidation with air bronchograms in the left upper lobe\n is new since ___. There is no pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hila, and pleura are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18183766/s55676184/98baebb9-32846281-74c8b90a-16c3f460-02e037e9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5c5ab4d-1d3fdfad-84245394-edbc7482-e5ec4087", "study_id": 56698954, "subject_id": 19420214, "report": "impression: Predominantly streaky opacities in the lower lobes, most\n suggestive of atelectasis. No evidence for free air. Findings: There are streaky opacities in the lower lungs, most suggestive of\n minor atelectasis. Otherwise, the lung fields appear clear. The heart is\n normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within normal\n limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable. Surgical clips project along the right upper quadrant. There\n is no free air.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19420214/s56698954/f5c5ab4d-1d3fdfad-84245394-edbc7482-e5ec4087.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87ab267e-b54df189-4d5dd61f-3beb8b1a-3ded1286", "study_id": 58251506, "subject_id": 13014612, "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial lung disease and possible fluid overload. Findings: There is diffuse bilateral prominence of the interstitial lung markings, and\n bronchiectasis. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. Lungs\n are mildly hyperinflated. No definite focal consolidation is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13014612/s58251506/87ab267e-b54df189-4d5dd61f-3beb8b1a-3ded1286.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6acc2216-a31ceb2d-fafdb9a9-2f7188b3-c97a0004", "study_id": 58487234, "subject_id": 13693197, "report": "impression: Mild improvement of right mid-to-lower lung opacities, back to\n baseline appearance. No new finding worrisome for pneumonia. Multiple\n nodular opacities are better appreciated on recent CT torso examination.\n \n Results were discussed over the telephone with ___ by Dr.\n ___ at 11:02 a.m. on ___ at time of initial review. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged\n in appearance with stable rightward mediastinal shift. Again appreciated is a\n right dual-lumen port with the tip terminating at the cavoatrial junction. \n There has been slight interval improvement in the widespread parenchymal\n opacities particularly in the right mid and lower lung and now appears back to\n baseline in appearance similar to that of ___ study. Multiple\n nodular opacities are again seen in the left lower lung, better appreciated on\n recent CT torso examination. There is no new focal consolidation worrisome\n for infectious process. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13693197/s58487234/6acc2216-a31ceb2d-fafdb9a9-2f7188b3-c97a0004.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "122657bf-0008e25d-db0d7d11-92df2294-f4a31f5d", "study_id": 50008255, "subject_id": 15749643, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. There similar mild to\n moderate degenerative changes throughout the visualized thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15749643/s50008255/122657bf-0008e25d-db0d7d11-92df2294-f4a31f5d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "729c6f7c-c40af160-ea8d83ad-c9896850-96e18201", "study_id": 50657544, "subject_id": 14246614, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube has been\n removed and replaced with a tracheostomy tube. No complication is\n appreciated. Patient has taken a better inspiration. There is still\n continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with probable small pleural\n effusions, compressive atelectasis at the bases, and mild pulmonary edema. \n \n The other monitoring and support devices remain in place.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14246614/s50657544/729c6f7c-c40af160-ea8d83ad-c9896850-96e18201.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98a1d2cb-a5c2e124-47cb4c3c-8f5bc10f-7620ecd6", "study_id": 59556307, "subject_id": 11153219, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is perhaps mildly enlarged. The lung volumes appear low.\n Allowing for technique, the mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Multilevel osteophytes are noted throughout the mid-to-lower\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11153219/s59556307/98a1d2cb-a5c2e124-47cb4c3c-8f5bc10f-7620ecd6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e00ad17-933daa6f-92391503-9c6baf9d-23594446", "study_id": 52706351, "subject_id": 11202026, "report": "impression: No acute abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Vascular crowding is seen in the right infrahilar\n region. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No definite\n consolidation is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11202026/s52706351/1e00ad17-933daa6f-92391503-9c6baf9d-23594446.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a91d81b2-6c107ad7-a6c13015-0adc06df-565e3e61", "study_id": 56171057, "subject_id": 16075171, "report": "impression: 1. Increased mild bibasilar atelectasis from ___.\n 2. Persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: There are increased bibasilar streaky opacities on the most recent\n prior study, suggesting bibasilar atelectasis. There is no significant\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Again seen is bullous emphysema and\n hyperinflation of the lungs. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is unchanged.\n The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. Leftward shift of the mediastinal\n structures is related to the patient's pectus deformity as seen on the CT of\n ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16075171/s56171057/a91d81b2-6c107ad7-a6c13015-0adc06df-565e3e61.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8bf4e41-ed5da3a2-0ca3759b-42e0d8c2-5f37aaa8", "study_id": 57086689, "subject_id": 11129702, "report": "impression: Bibasilar linear atelectasis. Additional patchy opacity in right\n lower lobe posteriorly may represent atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits and without\n change. Areas of linear atelectasis are present at both lung bases. \n Additional slightly more confluent opacity overlies the lower thoracic spine\n corresponding to the right retrocardiac region on the PA view. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11129702/s57086689/e8bf4e41-ed5da3a2-0ca3759b-42e0d8c2-5f37aaa8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8df4617f-8e4a1f43-17df5886-214e314b-d54fb1f8", "study_id": 50585064, "subject_id": 10995645, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There are stable linear bands of scarring\n or atelectasis in the bilateral lung bases. The lungs are otherwise clear. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The hilar and cardiomediastinal\n contours are normal. The cardiac silhouette is stable. Cardiac size is\n stable. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A right-sided Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10995645/s50585064/8df4617f-8e4a1f43-17df5886-214e314b-d54fb1f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efd6e92b-2f306660-33cdb53a-a7410bb9-b768b294", "study_id": 58864498, "subject_id": 19227226, "report": "impression: Stable mild atelectasis; no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: An AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n evidence of stable left basilar atelectasis. No consolidation is identified. \n There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The patient is status post a median\n sternotomy. The wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19227226/s58864498/efd6e92b-2f306660-33cdb53a-a7410bb9-b768b294.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b1b98bc-15315c50-472bac9a-78d2ce5f-de512cab", "study_id": 53663701, "subject_id": 19735459, "report": "impression: Left basal opacity concerning for pneumonia and small left pleural effusion. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Aortic valve replacement\n noted on the lateral projection. Tiny clips project over the left upper\n chest. The previously noted lines and tubes have been removed. There is left\n lower lobe opacity which could represent consolidation/pneumonia and likely a\n small left pleural effusion. Right lung is clear. No overt signs of edema. \n Aortic calcification noted. Degenerative changes at both shoulders noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19735459/s53663701/7b1b98bc-15315c50-472bac9a-78d2ce5f-de512cab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df69181d-79c0e75c-837835fa-df38313b-e2c72c76", "study_id": 55171487, "subject_id": 13057021, "report": "impression: Large right hydropneumothorax with predominant fluid component with associated\n right lung atelectasis. Patchy left basilar atelectasis also noted. Findings: A large right hydropneumothorax with a predominantly large fluid component\n results in mild leftward shift of mediastinal structures. There is associated\n right lung atelectasis. Heart size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is slightly\n tortuous. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Patchy atelectasis is noted\n in the left lung base. No pneumothorax is identified. Moderate degenerative\n changes are noted in the thoracic spine with ossification of the anterior\n longitudinal ligament.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13057021/s55171487/df69181d-79c0e75c-837835fa-df38313b-e2c72c76.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5b768e7-cd481331-71231e3b-bca8ec37-4131523a", "study_id": 59826630, "subject_id": 11124859, "report": "impression: Stable left hydropneumothorax. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, left-sided\n hydropneumothorax is grossly unchanged.The right lung is clear without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes is unchanged. Again seen is subcutaneous air in the left chest\n wall. The right Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11124859/s59826630/b5b768e7-cd481331-71231e3b-bca8ec37-4131523a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb05372e-c1f1f30c-abf0ae03-4bac1c1d-c0ac3bd8", "study_id": 52916953, "subject_id": 19829170, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph, unchanged compared to the prior study. Findings: Upright PA and lateral views of the chest reviewed and compared to\n the most recent prior study. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation,\n signs of acute congestive heart failure, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no concerning\n osseous or soft tissue lesions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19829170/s52916953/cb05372e-c1f1f30c-abf0ae03-4bac1c1d-c0ac3bd8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "071afb8d-f9473875-b5b08efb-73c10383-816e2255", "study_id": 57869615, "subject_id": 11577761, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n increased, likely reflecting improved ventilation. There is unchanged\n borderline size of the cardiac silhouette but the diameter of the vasculature\n in the lungs has decreased, reflecting decrease in pulmonary edema. Moderate\n atelectasis at the left lung bases. No newly occurred parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11577761/s57869615/071afb8d-f9473875-b5b08efb-73c10383-816e2255.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7529ea9-8e61912c-39f27e4f-872c429d-41eb993c", "study_id": 56486537, "subject_id": 13610411, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Relatively low lung volumes are seen with\n secondary crowding of the bronchovascular markings. There is no large\n confluent consolidation. No effusion. Single lead left chest wall pacing\n device is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13610411/s56486537/d7529ea9-8e61912c-39f27e4f-872c429d-41eb993c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e60a1e84-c6f18225-dbff979c-afb62e5e-f5d88741", "study_id": 56394090, "subject_id": 11347765, "report": "impression: Left hilar mass with scattered lung opacities requires CT to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Left hilar mass is noted with\n scattered opacities with ground-glass opacity in the left upper and right\n lower lung which is indeterminate. There is elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with probable left pleural effusion and left basal atelectasis. \n CT is recommended to further assess.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11347765/s56394090/e60a1e84-c6f18225-dbff979c-afb62e5e-f5d88741.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5181fed-f5385fb2-8283dd79-01d7e906-2261038e", "study_id": 52364868, "subject_id": 11337191, "report": "impression: Diffuse chronic interstitial changes, as seen on prior chest CT. No evidence\n for pleural effusion or pneumonia. No definite evidence of metastatic disease\n by chest radiograph, although chest CT is more sensitive for detection of\n metastatic disease. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are well-expanded with incidental note made\n of an azygos lobe. Increased interstitial markings at the lung periphery\n bilaterally correlate to subpleural interstitial changes seen on prior CT. \n The upper abdomen is unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11337191/s52364868/e5181fed-f5385fb2-8283dd79-01d7e906-2261038e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "243beaf7-89c4c20b-ace69630-88a690b2-c49cb782", "study_id": 57889975, "subject_id": 14585952, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear.\n Costophrenic angles are sharp. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14585952/s57889975/243beaf7-89c4c20b-ace69630-88a690b2-c49cb782.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4e4a7cd-5eb85b7b-e5105f59-b0b31dfd-f0fe836a", "study_id": 59663007, "subject_id": 17819260, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process with unchanged large hiatal\n hernia. Findings: The lungs appear clear. Large hiatal hernia is redemonstrated. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is present. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17819260/s59663007/f4e4a7cd-5eb85b7b-e5105f59-b0b31dfd-f0fe836a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0722886b-266d4aa2-1d4cca86-6d2c57ca-7a4fdb43", "study_id": 57729986, "subject_id": 12341449, "report": "impression: Minimal left basilar atelectasis. No pneumothorax or acute\n osseous abnormality visualized. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy\n and CABG. The heart remains mildly enlarged. The aortic knob remains\n calcified. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. Linear opacity in left lung base is compatible with\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n identified. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12341449/s57729986/0722886b-266d4aa2-1d4cca86-6d2c57ca-7a4fdb43.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a09b3f7b-342cf7f8-e7e291df-dc86798d-114fa240", "study_id": 51902380, "subject_id": 14798512, "report": "impression: No acute findings. If strong clinical concern for rib fracture,\n recommend dedicated rib series. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs are\n clear and well inflated. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No focal\n consolidation or signs of edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. \n Bony structures appear intact. Left rib cage appears intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798512/s51902380/a09b3f7b-342cf7f8-e7e291df-dc86798d-114fa240.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9862e506-b3a4a7ae-aa1840ef-c1d9eb1d-b67a3d35", "study_id": 56627797, "subject_id": 10785344, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Stable borderline\n cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. Borderline cardiomegaly\n is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10785344/s56627797/9862e506-b3a4a7ae-aa1840ef-c1d9eb1d-b67a3d35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22e7c5ca-dacb6f9e-bbcf113d-fc54fd3a-94d0b6cc", "study_id": 54955881, "subject_id": 11608914, "report": "impression: No acute pneumonia, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Findings: The lung volumes are low which accentuate the bronchovascular markings and\n cardiac silhouette. Minimal bibasal atelectasis. No acute pneumonia, pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11608914/s54955881/22e7c5ca-dacb6f9e-bbcf113d-fc54fd3a-94d0b6cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b4e4479-1c6422b8-71a41d1c-5587c57a-0db5ef8d", "study_id": 53023445, "subject_id": 18103164, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are grossly clear. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous\n abnormalities are seen. There are no radiopaque foreign bodies.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18103164/s53023445/0b4e4479-1c6422b8-71a41d1c-5587c57a-0db5ef8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8da2ddcf-19b7f1ba-8a159d00-28b9c543-5433061d", "study_id": 51421278, "subject_id": 16123634, "report": "impression: Worsening moderate pulmonary edema. Unchanged moderate\n cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed. Compared to the\n most recent prior, increased interstitial markings, diffuse parenchymal\n opacities and hazziness of the pulmonary vessels indicates worsening moderate\n pulmonary edema. Mild cardiomegaly and a tortuous aorta are unchanged. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16123634/s51421278/8da2ddcf-19b7f1ba-8a159d00-28b9c543-5433061d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3481c539-dc47512b-8bfa14a1-e22f1c96-cd8f54dd", "study_id": 55019289, "subject_id": 15080007, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15080007/s55019289/3481c539-dc47512b-8bfa14a1-e22f1c96-cd8f54dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e7b3f806-4b1f1797-8dcfe15f-a72a4e94-f4002e4e", "study_id": 55661117, "subject_id": 13977755, "report": "impression: No evidence of active TB. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation or nodule. The bilateral\n hemidiaphragms, cardiac borders, and mediastinal silhouettes are normal\n without pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Scoliosis is prominent in the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13977755/s55661117/e7b3f806-4b1f1797-8dcfe15f-a72a4e94-f4002e4e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24cd75c8-3f06d760-4a75dd58-cc8e00fa-81edb792", "study_id": 53371386, "subject_id": 16086306, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis and pleural effusions, right greater than\n left. Marked mediastinal contour abnormality is unchanged and is consistent\n with patient's history of aortic repair. Findings: Worsening right basilar atelectasis, new right and persistent small\n left pleural effusions are present. Minimal left basilar opacity is unchanged.\n The lungs are otherwise clear. The pulmonary vasculature remains normal. The\n cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, the mediastinal contours are widened.\n Median sternotomy wires remain intact.\n \n A right IJ sheath, endotracheal tube, and NG tube have been removed in the\n interim.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16086306/s53371386/24cd75c8-3f06d760-4a75dd58-cc8e00fa-81edb792.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "63de2b94-8b4e5295-8cd12095-0948ee2c-6297ebfb", "study_id": 54652126, "subject_id": 14657829, "report": "impression: 1. Minimal increase in size of left pleural effusion, still small in size.\n 2. Multifocal opacifications are concerning for infectious process, possibly\n on a background of pulmonary edema.\n \n No request was made for wet read though one was posted on OMR. However, given\n discordance between indication and interpretation as well as no record of wet\n read being viewed, Dr ___ discussed findings with Dr ___\n office at 16:30 on ___ via telephone. Findings: PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal\n contrast. Heart demonstrates stable mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly. There has\n been interval development of multifocal opacifications, predominantly within\n the left perihilar region. Findings may represent asymmetric pulmonary edema,\n but are concerning for multifocal infectious process. Interval reaccumulation\n of left pleural effusion now small in size. Interval resolution of right\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14657829/s54652126/63de2b94-8b4e5295-8cd12095-0948ee2c-6297ebfb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e81e9ce-f002ad07-d33ea074-911b5473-ec2a16a7", "study_id": 55408958, "subject_id": 15162528, "report": "impression: Pulmonary nodule in the right lower lung measuring up to 2.8 cm appears\n increased in size from PET-CT and remains concerning for metastatic disease.\n Additional smaller nodules seen on prior PET-CT cannot be clearly visualized\n though if needed a CT may be performed to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are noted. There is a nodular opacity projecting over the\n right lung base measuring 2.8 x 2.4 cm. There was a small nodule seen in this\n site on the prior PET-CT and findings are concerning for enlarging pulmonary\n nodule. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear without evidence of pneumoni,\n edema, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears\n grossly unremarkable. The imaged bony structures are intact. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15162528/s55408958/0e81e9ce-f002ad07-d33ea074-911b5473-ec2a16a7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c00f1099-b2ab48e3-8c6b5572-af79a5ab-fabd8958", "study_id": 57863603, "subject_id": 17664313, "report": "impression: Interval removal of the lines and tubes. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. The patient is rotated to the left. The\n lungs remain clear. ET tube, enteric tube and right PICC are no longer\n visualized. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17664313/s57863603/c00f1099-b2ab48e3-8c6b5572-af79a5ab-fabd8958.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "51e98390-09d53f0a-87fa6992-4715e4cd-539fb885", "study_id": 50775087, "subject_id": 12547294, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Lung volumes are low,\n accentuating pulmonary vasculature and interstitial markings. The lungs are\n clear. No focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is present. The\n heart and mediastinal contours are normal. A left chest internal jugular\n approach Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12547294/s50775087/51e98390-09d53f0a-87fa6992-4715e4cd-539fb885.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8da0814c-18943a23-f436f762-d876e508-7b40ba25", "study_id": 56866344, "subject_id": 15813397, "report": "impression: Increased medial right lung base airspace opacity may be due to aspiration or\n developing infectious pneumonia.\n Stable left basilar atelectasis or aspiration.\n Increased moderate layering left pleural effusion.\n Stable small right pleural effusion. Findings: The tip of a left-sided PICC line ends in the lower SVC. An airspace opacity\n at the medial right lung base has increased since ___. Stable\n retrocardiac opacification may be due to atelectasis or aspiration. The\n layering left pleural effusion has increased, but the small right pleural\n effusion is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15813397/s56866344/8da0814c-18943a23-f436f762-d876e508-7b40ba25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "597f9f12-054c5359-786992b7-f1547715-68339d73", "study_id": 50390234, "subject_id": 18855412, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube tip in standard position. Orogastric tube courses below\n the diaphragm. While the tip is not well seen, it is likely within the\n stomach.\n 2. Mild pulmonary edema, worse compared to 11:03 today.\n 3. Patchy opacities in the lung upper lobes, more pronounced on the left, may\n reflect areas of infection or aspiration. Findings: Assessment is somewhat limited by patient rotation. An endotracheal tube tip\n terminates approximately 3.6 cm from the carina. Orogastric tube tip is seen\n coursing inferiorly below the diaphragm though the tip is not well seen. \n Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided AICD/ pacemaker\n device is noted with single lead terminating in the region of the right\n ventricle. Heart is moderately enlarged with a left ventricular predominance.\n The aorta remains tortuous. There is mild pulmonary edema, which has\n progressed since ___:03 today. More focal ill-defined opacities within the\n upper lobes bilaterally, greater on the left, may reflect areas of aspiration\n or infection. No pneumothorax is identified, and no pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18855412/s50390234/597f9f12-054c5359-786992b7-f1547715-68339d73.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "032a8231-c0aecbe6-2bed334e-45ed3b3d-caf76728", "study_id": 51039713, "subject_id": 16119588, "report": "impression: Severe emphysema with mild bibasilar atelectasis and small bilateral pleural\n effusions, slightly increased in size on the right compared to prior. \n Enlarged pulmonary arteries suggestive of underlying pulmonary arterial\n hypertension. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Lungs remain hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms and extensive\n emphysematous changes again noted. The heart size is normal. Enlargement of\n the pulmonary arteries bilaterally is re- demonstrated suggestive of\n underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mediastinal contour is unchanged.\n Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Small bilateral pleural effusions are\n demonstrated, mildly increased in size on the right since the prior study.\n Patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis.\n Multiple pulmonary nodules seen on prior chest CT are not as well demonstrated\n on the current exam. No pneumothorax or new focal consolidation is present.\n Mild loss of height of a mid thoracic vertebral body is similar.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16119588/s51039713/032a8231-c0aecbe6-2bed334e-45ed3b3d-caf76728.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c32f53d1-7f59cb29-94e90adc-7bc6df03-84e2613f", "study_id": 52439995, "subject_id": 11430311, "report": "A new right internal jugular catheter tip\n projects over the right atrium, but probably ends in the region of the\n cavoatrial junction given the low lung volumes. Endotracheal tube has been\n retracted, now ending 4.3 cm above the carina. Aeration of the right upper\n lobe has improved. Left upper lobe is obscured by an external device.\n Otherwise, there is no change from the prior study. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11430311/s52439995/c32f53d1-7f59cb29-94e90adc-7bc6df03-84e2613f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f94262d-2db08917-55d459b2-d0a39562-8c468f35", "study_id": 59481826, "subject_id": 10190445, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n extubated. The lung volumes are still low, with bilateral symmetrical areas\n of atelectasis at the lung bases. These atelectasis are slightly more\n extensive than on the previous image.\n \n No pleural effusions. No focal parenchymal opacity suggesting pneumonia. \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence of hilar or\n mediastinal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10190445/s59481826/1f94262d-2db08917-55d459b2-d0a39562-8c468f35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60998c31-ad6f6e57-d0d10e8d-eb9e31ea-fa546a95", "study_id": 53786072, "subject_id": 18871635, "report": "impression: Similar appearance to the left chest Findings: The left chest tube has been removed. A small bore catheter seen projecting\n over the left lower neck. There is a moderate left effusion layering\n posteriorly and laterally. There continues to be hazy alveolar infiltrate\n involving predominantly the lower lobe. The right lung has improved aeration\n compared to prior", "image_path": [ "p18/p18871635/s53786072/60998c31-ad6f6e57-d0d10e8d-eb9e31ea-fa546a95.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cac201df-32dc55e5-3a3fbe2a-bd0f6e3e-e84fb754", "study_id": 51387112, "subject_id": 11950537, "report": "impression: No change from 2 days prior. Findings: The known lingular pneumonia is unchanged. There are no new focal\n consolidations. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart is normal size. The\n mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11950537/s51387112/cac201df-32dc55e5-3a3fbe2a-bd0f6e3e-e84fb754.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b50b4e69-adbf2580-f23b1147-74e0e68f-2926fd5e", "study_id": 52352706, "subject_id": 11441519, "report": "impression: Slight increase in right moderate pleural effusion. Findings: Median sternotomy wires are intact and stable in appearance as well as prior\n CABG clips.\n \n Moderate right-sided pleural effusion, slightly increased since the prior with\n adjacent atelectasis. The left lung is clear. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11441519/s52352706/b50b4e69-adbf2580-f23b1147-74e0e68f-2926fd5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ffa8e82-75c1bd8d-0040b466-77a86067-bd69545b", "study_id": 50739249, "subject_id": 14150934, "report": "impression: No new pulmonary abnormalities that explain the left-sided basal\n poor breath sounds. No pneumothorax. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Bilaterally, the diaphragmatic contours remain visible\n and there is no evidence of any significant pleural effusion blunting either\n right or left-sided lateral pleural sinus. No new parenchymal abnormalities\n are seen. In comparison with the next previous study of ___, the on\n frontal view markedly prominent contours of the aneurysmatic descending aorta\n are poorly seen on this image. Contact via telephone with referring physician\n ___. ___ ___ that the patient had not been operated for the aneurysm\n during the examination interval.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14150934/s50739249/6ffa8e82-75c1bd8d-0040b466-77a86067-bd69545b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7574b02f-ddc10afc-d115cd24-f4c095fc-3b60880d", "study_id": 56682489, "subject_id": 19797153, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion with mild interstitial pulmonary edema,\n bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low limiting\n evaluation. There is mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm unchanged. No\n large pleural effusion is seen. Hilar congestion is noted with mild\n interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart size is stable. Mediastinal contour\n is unchanged. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19797153/s56682489/7574b02f-ddc10afc-d115cd24-f4c095fc-3b60880d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09ad2d34-9b5e45ce-e2a8afc6-1bca59e6-384435b5", "study_id": 53237114, "subject_id": 15155243, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Low lung volumes. Heart size is normal and unchanged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is\n streaky atelectasis in the left lung base. Lungs are otherwise clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are right posterior healed\n rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15155243/s53237114/09ad2d34-9b5e45ce-e2a8afc6-1bca59e6-384435b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd26175d-2d77f6a7-e3c69922-68f87284-0145d7f9", "study_id": 51597701, "subject_id": 12582696, "report": "impression: 1. Substantial improvement in left lower lung atelectasis as compared to\n prior.\n 2. Small bilateral pulmonary effusions, new since prior examination Findings: Left lower opacity seen on prior is mostly resolved with residual heterogenous\n linear opacity remaining. Small pleural effusions are new. No pneumothorax or\n mediastinal widening.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12582696/s51597701/bd26175d-2d77f6a7-e3c69922-68f87284-0145d7f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd574780-58cb02ce-e84a75e4-c7928f96-c6ed0cb9", "study_id": 52230181, "subject_id": 16771607, "report": "The small bore tube with multiple fenestrations has been removed. The\n remaining lines and tubes are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. The\n examination is not significantly changed. There are bilateral layering pleural\n effusions with an enlarged heart and vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16771607/s52230181/dd574780-58cb02ce-e84a75e4-c7928f96-c6ed0cb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86d0ac59-8f620d8a-b398a623-0b2d2b70-10226dd3", "study_id": 51811662, "subject_id": 11355501, "report": "impression: Perihilar opacities suggestive of pulmonary edema. Possibility of bilateral\n infection could be considered. Findings: Bilateral perihilar opacities are noted. There is no large pleural effusion. \n No pneumothorax. There is mild cardiomegaly. Atherosclerotic calcifications\n noted at the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11355501/s51811662/86d0ac59-8f620d8a-b398a623-0b2d2b70-10226dd3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83bb4b58-304e4a4f-88d90a9a-91e344c4-901664b3", "study_id": 56495647, "subject_id": 14761733, "report": "impression: 1. Limited study due to patient positioning and low lung volumes demonstrate\n evidence of mild pulmonary edema as well as bibasilar opacities suggestive of\n atelectasis and pleural effusions. Pneumonia must be excluded in the proper\n clinical setting.\n 2. Lucent focus adjacent to the right heart border may be representative of a\n herniated loop of bowel. Findings: Evaluation is somewhat limited due to low lung volumes. However,\n there are bibasilar opacities, likely representing a combination of\n atelectasis and pleural effusions. Additionally, there are bilateral\n interstitial opacities raising suspicions for mild pulmonary edema. The\n visualized portions of the upper cardiomediastinal silhouettes are normal. \n Lower cardiomediastinal silhouette is severely limited on evaluation. There\n is a lucent focus adjacent to the lower right heart border which may be\n suggestive of a herniated loop of bowel. Severe kyphosis of the thoracic spine\n is noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14761733/s56495647/83bb4b58-304e4a4f-88d90a9a-91e344c4-901664b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53fefa6e-56b272f0-1403cc98-0e760133-0eee3d16", "study_id": 57755456, "subject_id": 17164139, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n No acute osseous abnormalities are detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17164139/s57755456/53fefa6e-56b272f0-1403cc98-0e760133-0eee3d16.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce6c6dbd-30658b60-69515e9b-e00a0e18-b82471b7", "study_id": 50798236, "subject_id": 15524760, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Deformity of the distal right\n acromioclavicular joint and clavicle, probably chronic, but incompletely\n characterized. Correlation with physical findings is suggested. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. Bilateral nipple shadows are visualized. The\n lung fields appear otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The chest is hyperinflated. There is a deformity of the right\n acromioclavicular joint that is incompletely characterized but likely chronic,\n possibly post-traumatic. Small anterior osteophytes are noted along the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15524760/s50798236/ce6c6dbd-30658b60-69515e9b-e00a0e18-b82471b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26160666-59e12bb9-4da18f0f-63565aa0-08f115c3", "study_id": 59674577, "subject_id": 13063001, "report": "impression: Moderate right and small left pleural effusion with likely underlying\n atelectasis noting that a component of infection cannot be excluded. \n Cardiomegaly. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. There are new bibasilar opacities, right\n greater than left compatible with pleural effusions. Superiorly, the lungs\n are clear of focal consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but likely\n not significantly changed since prior even lower lung volumes. No acute\n osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13063001/s59674577/26160666-59e12bb9-4da18f0f-63565aa0-08f115c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8a2fd35-1e739956-e57b883c-e05d3fcb-1fea39d9", "study_id": 59045922, "subject_id": 18485453, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18485453/s59045922/f8a2fd35-1e739956-e57b883c-e05d3fcb-1fea39d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4c6a147-04210857-2df2422d-ab185b15-43c70cd1", "study_id": 52872725, "subject_id": 15869439, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. Surgical clips at right\n lung apex are consistent with previous bullectomy or wedge resection\n procedure, and are accompanied by mild right upper lobe volume loss,\n unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15869439/s52872725/d4c6a147-04210857-2df2422d-ab185b15-43c70cd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57af20f0-6d70c2a3-43296f27-05d4e92c-e9794840", "study_id": 55468481, "subject_id": 10159370, "report": "impression: Mild left basilar atelectasis. No focal consolidation. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is mild left basal\n atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10159370/s55468481/57af20f0-6d70c2a3-43296f27-05d4e92c-e9794840.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f456b45-a5c07dc0-286bccef-9b7f5fb1-8f30b48a", "study_id": 59423824, "subject_id": 15804669, "report": "impression: COPD without superimposed acute process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated\n suggesting COPD. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15804669/s59423824/0f456b45-a5c07dc0-286bccef-9b7f5fb1-8f30b48a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28735c29-6b418f78-a9dab36f-e080a4f0-bd05ded2", "study_id": 59193941, "subject_id": 12016463, "report": "The heart is normal in size and there is no vascular congestion or\n pleural effusion. No acute focal pneumonia.\n \n Of incidental note is a stent in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12016463/s59193941/28735c29-6b418f78-a9dab36f-e080a4f0-bd05ded2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6e9cf0f-c5f48b28-c5071a7e-f7737e00-deaca928", "study_id": 53030774, "subject_id": 12614490, "report": "impression: Small right and moderate left pleural effusions enlarged since ___ exam. Bibasilar atelectasis. Previous esophageal stent now in the\n stomach. Suggest Abdomen CT to complement findings of yesterday's Chest CT\n showing gas in the gallbladder and biliary drains. Findings: Small right and moderate left pleural effusions, minimally fissural, have\n increased since ___. Left PIC catheter has been removed. Lungs\n are clear except for bibasilar atelectasis, moderately severe on the left. \n Aorta is tortuous. Heart size is difficult to assess due to adjacent\n opacities, which may be mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax. Previous\n free subdiaphragmatic gas has resolved; ___ Chest CT shows gas in the\n gallbladder and biliary drains.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12614490/s53030774/d6e9cf0f-c5f48b28-c5071a7e-f7737e00-deaca928.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a129fcdd-5a470671-2db31285-2fc19014-b51392ff", "study_id": 55474188, "subject_id": 15145407, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged severe\n cardiomegaly, with a small left pleural effusion and a retrocardiac\n atelectasis. On the right, there is no evidence of parenchymal pathologies,\n notably no evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema, a minimal decrease in\n translucency of the right lung base as compared to the previous image is\n likely caused by patient rotation and overlying soft tissues.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15145407/s55474188/a129fcdd-5a470671-2db31285-2fc19014-b51392ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0aea2f6a-3a926751-d40570c0-bae50128-79941195", "study_id": 54418312, "subject_id": 12260506, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n normal size and cardiomediastinal contour is unremarkable. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12260506/s54418312/0aea2f6a-3a926751-d40570c0-bae50128-79941195.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ebc76261-3e78667b-1f53a7b7-eae90849-61bc688b", "study_id": 54560210, "subject_id": 12080683, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The sternotomy wires\n and prosthetic aortic valve are noted. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12080683/s54560210/ebc76261-3e78667b-1f53a7b7-eae90849-61bc688b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9978de80-9b4b9016-1a588b81-baf1dc3d-bacd08ac", "study_id": 59281443, "subject_id": 13026285, "report": "impression: 1. Interval removal of left chest tube. Small slightly increased left apical\n pneumothorax.\n 2. Left lateral chest subcutaneous emphysema, unchanged.\n 3. Minimal pneumoperitoneum noted under the left hemidiaphragm.\n 4. Small right pleural effusion versus pleural thickening.\n 5. Well-circumscribed gas collection of the left lower lateral chest wall may\n represent gut herniation as previously discussed. Findings: There has been interval removal of a left chest tube. There is a small left\n apical pneumothorax. Subcutaneous emphysema overlying the left lateral chest\n is unchanged. Minimal pneumoperitoneum noted under the left hemidiaphragm. \n The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Small right pleural effusion\n versus pleural thickening. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Previously seen well-circumscribed gas collection in the left\n lower lateral chest wall previously discussed as possibly representing gut\n herniation.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13026285/s59281443/9978de80-9b4b9016-1a588b81-baf1dc3d-bacd08ac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e433ff8-e7a64345-36440cf9-51b08c66-357e7db4", "study_id": 59753165, "subject_id": 15288753, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are remarkable for\n unchanged mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta with. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15288753/s59753165/7e433ff8-e7a64345-36440cf9-51b08c66-357e7db4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95434368-d58ff18e-1383fc03-cf84e1c3-dabc3454", "study_id": 51879641, "subject_id": 15466684, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Tortuosity of the\n aorta is noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15466684/s51879641/95434368-d58ff18e-1383fc03-cf84e1c3-dabc3454.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a774730-09b79c08-e0525881-e47aecde-891f9759", "study_id": 58666431, "subject_id": 14097764, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation or congestive heart failure. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n No bony abnormalities. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14097764/s58666431/9a774730-09b79c08-e0525881-e47aecde-891f9759.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce931010-eb23b102-0bc19e5a-b8dd32e4-accf9409", "study_id": 50927685, "subject_id": 16648621, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure with small bilateral pleural effusions and\n retrocardiac atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Moderate cardiomegaly\n is unchanged as is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Diffuse thoracic aortic\n calcifications are again demonstrated. There is perihilar haziness with\n vascular indistinctness compatible with mild pulmonary edema, similar when\n compared to the prior study. Blunting of the costophrenic angles bilaterally\n is compatible with the presence of small bilateral pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is present. Retrocardiac opacity likely is reflective of\n atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16648621/s50927685/ce931010-eb23b102-0bc19e5a-b8dd32e4-accf9409.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03cbc58f-8a090953-efbf1a7e-d8624025-d34c24ad", "study_id": 52079265, "subject_id": 13965528, "report": "impression: 1. Small-to-moderate right pleural effusion has mildly increased.\n 2. New small left pleural effusion.\n 3. Mild increase in heart size without signs of cardiac decompensation\n reflects either cardiomegaly or pericardial effusion. Findings: In comparison a chest radiograph from ___, small-to-moderate right\n pleural effusion has mildly increased. Small left pleural effusion is new\n since ___. The heart is somewhat larger without vascular engorgement or\n pulmonary edema, which could reflect either cardiomegaly or pericardial\n effusion. A pleural drainage catheter is in appropriate position. The left\n lung is clear. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The thoracic\n aorta is mildly tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13965528/s52079265/03cbc58f-8a090953-efbf1a7e-d8624025-d34c24ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17e59d8e-6d7eb5d4-42e127f9-04b6bd93-8e343297", "study_id": 56341421, "subject_id": 15135064, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient continues to\n carry a right pectoral Port-A-Cath. The diameter of the heart is at the upper\n range of normal, but no evidence of pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. No larger\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No other causes that might explain chest\n pain of the patient.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15135064/s56341421/17e59d8e-6d7eb5d4-42e127f9-04b6bd93-8e343297.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7c0b915-e8046dff-c927fac9-334b7e0d-9938fa9a", "study_id": 52121450, "subject_id": 19790164, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has now severe\n right pneumothorax and a massively opacified right lung. The pre-existing\n right pleural effusion and the pneumothorax and is substantially more\n extensive than before. No nodules or masses. Tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta. No evidence of tension.\n \n At the time of dictation and observation, the referring physician, ___. ___\n was paged for notification.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19790164/s52121450/f7c0b915-e8046dff-c927fac9-334b7e0d-9938fa9a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "72b1a838-f4b3c4ba-03ad10ee-fe0fd1a5-5ce8f46b", "study_id": 52771069, "subject_id": 19461484, "report": "impression: No evidence of cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is appreciated. Bones are intact. Surgical clips are noted in\n the thyroid bed.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19461484/s52771069/72b1a838-f4b3c4ba-03ad10ee-fe0fd1a5-5ce8f46b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94964afb-69d0db0c-1f31e20a-d02c07e8-89601caf", "study_id": 56044093, "subject_id": 14895079, "report": "impression: Increasing right pleural effusion with increasing consolidation of the right\n lung most consistent with atelectasis, although pneumonia cannot be excluded. \n Interval appearance of left pleural effusion with associated partial lower\n lobe atelectasis. Interval cardiac enlargement consistent with known\n pericardial effusion. No pulmonary edema. Findings: The large multiloculated right pleural effusion has continued to increase in\n size. There is increasing opacity primarily involving the right mid and lower\n lung likely representing atelectasis, although pneumonia cannot be excluded. \n Stable faint rounded opacity at the right apex corresponds to loculated fluid\n and adjacent mass on recent CT. Associated right pleural thickening and\n nodularity is better evaluated on the patient's prior CT examinations. Right\n paratracheal soft tissue is consistent with known lymphadenopathy. On the\n left, there is a small pleural effusion and associated partial lower lobe\n atelectasis. The left upper and mid lung is grossly clear. A right pigtail\n catheter is coiled at the right lung base. Numerous surgical clips overlie\n the right axilla and the patient is status post right mastectomy. No\n pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. Interval enlargement of heart size since ___ consistent with known pericardial effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14895079/s56044093/94964afb-69d0db0c-1f31e20a-d02c07e8-89601caf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0dc67c7-1ce64c1c-f301c58b-3d7ab6d1-3af204df", "study_id": 54217156, "subject_id": 11004450, "report": "impression: Right subclavian dual lumen catheter unchanged in position with tip\n terminating at the low SVC. Findings: A right subclavian approach dual lumen catheter is unchanged in position with\n the tip terminating at the low SVC. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11004450/s54217156/f0dc67c7-1ce64c1c-f301c58b-3d7ab6d1-3af204df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c87d8997-495ee626-930e6596-1f8d0a08-62fe7415", "study_id": 58412598, "subject_id": 11812752, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11812752/s58412598/c87d8997-495ee626-930e6596-1f8d0a08-62fe7415.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81badcad-ee47ee5e-2a63f90c-2f015427-ee8a1cf9", "study_id": 53019935, "subject_id": 18195227, "report": "impression: No finding to explain shortness of breath. \n \n There is a tortous aorta which will be further addressed when priors become\n available for comparison. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ ___ her request by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 11:30 on ___ at the time findings were reviewed. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate well expanded and clear\n lungs. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a tortuous\n aorta. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18195227/s53019935/81badcad-ee47ee5e-2a63f90c-2f015427-ee8a1cf9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e1b0391a-cbf5a403-92a7f46f-89cf5bc5-fb32bdee", "study_id": 53447769, "subject_id": 15374213, "report": "impression: Developing basilar opacities, greater on the right than left,\n worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary artery contour is\n mildly prominent. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n widespread mild interstitial abnormality with peribronchial cuffing and a\n suspected developing right infrahilar opacity, probably in the right lower\n lobe but also possibly with patchy lingular opacity.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15374213/s53447769/e1b0391a-cbf5a403-92a7f46f-89cf5bc5-fb32bdee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23ef31d8-a68ed031-e6aa0a53-09482495-3d3757fb", "study_id": 53422956, "subject_id": 10876550, "report": "impression: No new focal consolidation. Findings: Previously described small anterior loculated pneumothorax on the lateral view\n is no longer detected. The patient is rotated on the table. Heart size is\n normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild\n bibasilar atelectasis is present. Intact median sternotomy wires.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10876550/s53422956/23ef31d8-a68ed031-e6aa0a53-09482495-3d3757fb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "193dcfb6-4e314116-a17176a2-d27b7cd8-545c57d9", "study_id": 52523230, "subject_id": 10068304, "report": "impression: 1. Small bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis.\n 2. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: The sternotomy wires appear intact and appropriately aligned.\n \n There are small bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis, worse\n on the left. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. The lungs are otherwise\n clear. Heart size is stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. \n No pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10068304/s52523230/193dcfb6-4e314116-a17176a2-d27b7cd8-545c57d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74c8f391-02ab9065-22d10cf6-e2ccaaf9-1a714acb", "study_id": 52002237, "subject_id": 16458160, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate partially loculated right pleural effusion with known pleural\n thickening and multiple loculated right hydro pneumothoraces unchanged. Findings: A left-sided single lead pacer/ICD is in unchanged, appropriate position. The\n heart is normal in size. Again seen is a moderate, partially loculated pleural\n effusion on the right as well as known right pleural thickening with multiple\n loculated right hydro pneumothoraces. There is persistent right lateral chest\n wall subcutaneous emphysema, which is decreased. The left lung is clear. A\n small hiatal hernia is unchanged. .", "image_path": [ "p16/p16458160/s52002237/74c8f391-02ab9065-22d10cf6-e2ccaaf9-1a714acb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd2c91ba-9889113a-b1e2484e-024681ad-43a7027b", "study_id": 58737158, "subject_id": 12546874, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild bibasilar atelectasis but no focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are decreased with mild bibasilar\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is detected. There is no overt pulmonary edema. The\n cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The trachea is midline. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12546874/s58737158/dd2c91ba-9889113a-b1e2484e-024681ad-43a7027b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25869090-f1483e86-d7b4af2c-d10bcb2b-e31c7ea8", "study_id": 54199682, "subject_id": 15102490, "report": "There is a tracheostomy tube whose distal tip is at the level of\n the aortic knob. There is a dual-lead left-sided pacemaker with tips in the\n right atrium and right ventricle. There is a right-sided central venous\n catheter with distal lead tip in the distal SVC. The cardiac silhouette and\n mediastinum are within normal limits. There is atelectasis at both lung bases\n which is stable. There is a small left-sided pleural effusion. The right CP\n angle also demonstrates a small effusion. There are no signs of overt\n pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15102490/s54199682/25869090-f1483e86-d7b4af2c-d10bcb2b-e31c7ea8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b8c5c87-d84f8dde-7ada7783-83986d20-6734d36f", "study_id": 53000396, "subject_id": 13141248, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate clear lungs. The cardiac,\n hilar, and mediastinal contours are normal. No pleural abnormality is seen. \n The osseous structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13141248/s53000396/2b8c5c87-d84f8dde-7ada7783-83986d20-6734d36f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9b85087-95613d86-8144101c-2f91c781-d538dd32", "study_id": 50548755, "subject_id": 18556017, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph is compared to prior radiograph dated ___. The appearance of the thorax is not significantly changed. No\n focal opacity convincing for pneumonia is identified. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours remain within normal limits. Patchy opacities within the left\n upper lobe and lingula are thought to reflect radiation changes. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are without an\n acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18556017/s50548755/f9b85087-95613d86-8144101c-2f91c781-d538dd32.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "394d47ca-36c85316-d90c8c05-f2035cbe-fa861c74", "study_id": 51418588, "subject_id": 18272443, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation.\n 2. Cardiomegaly. Findings: Exam is somewhat limited by motion. Lung volumes are low. Increased vascular\n markings are likely related to low lung volumes and patient body habitus. The\n asymmetric right upper lobe opacification is less apparent on the study. \n Cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is no pneumothorax or obvious pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18272443/s51418588/394d47ca-36c85316-d90c8c05-f2035cbe-fa861c74.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e4913d8-6a6fc632-2e51fe86-0254b3b3-9dd4b76b", "study_id": 51770101, "subject_id": 10194369, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10194369/s51770101/9e4913d8-6a6fc632-2e51fe86-0254b3b3-9dd4b76b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1be9fc96-eabd4e8f-953b6ed1-3981eec6-b55700d9", "study_id": 57793194, "subject_id": 12183689, "report": "impression: New free air under the diaphragms, likely postoperative given PEG\n placement. Attention on follow up. Tracheostomy ends 2.2 cm from the carina.\n Bibasilar atelectasis.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 415pm on\n ___ by phone at time of discovery. Findings: AP view of the chest. A right IJ and central venous catheter ends\n in the mid SVC. Tracheostomy ends 2.2 cm from the carina. There is bibasilar\n opacities likely representing atelectasis. There is new small amount of free\n peritoneal air under the diaphragms. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12183689/s57793194/1be9fc96-eabd4e8f-953b6ed1-3981eec6-b55700d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc85ad56-c77f04f0-73064d45-b4b5e948-ea7c3e3c", "study_id": 50419501, "subject_id": 11482582, "report": "The exact position of right PICC line is not assessed in this study,\n but possibly extends beyond the lower SVC. Recommended repeat radiograph after\n retracting the PICC by 3cm. The remainder of the cardiopulmonary findings are\n unchanged.\n \n Findings discussed with Dr.___ at 5:15 p.m on ___ .", "image_path": [ "p11/p11482582/s50419501/dc85ad56-c77f04f0-73064d45-b4b5e948-ea7c3e3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25067dd6-6d8afc94-7525b556-7e913237-009c0612", "study_id": 54593977, "subject_id": 12903663, "report": "impression: No change compared to ___ with re-demonstration of left\n greater than right basilar opacities suggestive of bilateral pleural effusion\n with compressive atelectasis. Concurrent infectious process cannot be\n excluded given the appropriate clinical circumstance. Findings: There is no significant change compared to ___ with\n re-demonstration of enlarged cardiac silhouette with tortuosity of the\n thoracic aorta. Hilar contours are unremarkable. Again identified are left\n greater than right bibasilar opacities with blunting of the diaphragmatic\n contour suggestive of bilateral pleural effusions with associated bibasilar\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12903663/s54593977/25067dd6-6d8afc94-7525b556-7e913237-009c0612.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "723331f2-8c1675be-aa9296b6-b1f0d408-7e573e4d", "study_id": 51472419, "subject_id": 10706560, "report": "impression: The patient is known with lung malignancy with metastasis to lymph nodes. \n Since prior exam, there has been reaccumulation of moderate-to-severe right\n pleural effusion. Findings: In the prior study, the patient just had thoracocentesis for right pleural\n effusion. There has been reaccumulation of the moderate-to-severe right\n pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis. The patient is known with\n right upper lobe lung malignancy with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies\n that were better assessed in prior chest CT. The left lung is unremarkable. \n There is no pneumothorax. The mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10706560/s51472419/723331f2-8c1675be-aa9296b6-b1f0d408-7e573e4d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "401e5c82-5f631076-1d6610b6-7d524e17-35c28a68", "study_id": 55899427, "subject_id": 17155701, "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n \n 2. New left lower lung opacification is probably atelectasis mixed with small\n pleural effusion. Aspiration is also a possibility. Findings: New ET tube ends 5.4 cm above the carina. NG tube is in the stomach. Right\n jugular line and right-sided PICC line are in adequate position in mid to\n lower SVC. New left lower lobe consolidation is probably atelectasis with\n accompanying small pleural effusion; however, aspiration cannot be excluded. \n New cardiac congestion is mild. There is no pneumothorax. The mediastinal\n and cardiac contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17155701/s55899427/401e5c82-5f631076-1d6610b6-7d524e17-35c28a68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1b97db4-187dee45-0d3a097f-b529d826-ca4e6078", "study_id": 55763834, "subject_id": 12884547, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Comminuted left clavicular fracture better evaluated on the dedicated\n clavicle films. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is\n unremarkable. The comminuted left clavicular fracture is better evaluated on\n the dedicated clavicle films.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12884547/s55763834/b1b97db4-187dee45-0d3a097f-b529d826-ca4e6078.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "055be7a1-cc4dd910-6c256c2d-f0465b97-e65736ff", "study_id": 59918988, "subject_id": 18306835, "report": "impression: The tip of the endotracheal tube is 3 cm from the carina. The nasogastric tube\n tip is below the diaphragm and the tip is not seen, but is well within the\n body of the stomach. No pneumothorax. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube is 3 cm from the carina. The nasogastric\n tube tip is below the diaphragm in tip is not seen but is well within the body\n of the stomach. No pneumothorax. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No\n significant effusions. The heart is not enlarged. Mild retrocardiac opacity\n likely atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18306835/s59918988/055be7a1-cc4dd910-6c256c2d-f0465b97-e65736ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e41b578-78322c49-05489bca-92fc0b97-7309198f", "study_id": 54846150, "subject_id": 12477344, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate well-expanded lungs with\n no new focal consolidation. Patient is status post left lingulectomy with\n associated volume loss. There is a small if any left-sided pleural effusion. \n The right lung is clear. There is no appreciable left apical pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Complete\n resolution of subcutaneous air previously seen in the left lateral wall and\n left neck.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12477344/s54846150/0e41b578-78322c49-05489bca-92fc0b97-7309198f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "437ab427-b901d3f6-bec3848f-d1624c76-20ede3ef", "study_id": 57583249, "subject_id": 10827966, "report": "impression: Left-sided central catheter malpositioned in the azygos vein. Findings: Again seen is a left-sided central catheter with its tip pointing posteriorly\n in the azygos vein. Otherwise, there is no significant change. Left lower\n lobe linear opacity, either atelectasis or scarring, is again seen. Otherwise,\n the lungs are clear. Top-normal heart size, mediastinum and hilar contours\n are unchanged. Aortic calcification appear unchanged. Severe thoracic\n kyphosis and vertebral body endplate changes likely due to renal\n osteodystrophy appear unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10827966/s57583249/437ab427-b901d3f6-bec3848f-d1624c76-20ede3ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c120433-25b1108c-0c975af3-6ea99b55-f42b0092", "study_id": 52384924, "subject_id": 15970954, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are substantially lower\n lung volumes. The right apical pneumothorax persists. Otherwise, little\n overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs. Subcutaneous gas is\n again seen along the right upper abdomen, and there is an adynamic ileus\n pattern.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15970954/s52384924/9c120433-25b1108c-0c975af3-6ea99b55-f42b0092.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c39343f6-79fc61b5-8966b1ae-0324a889-b2bc889c", "study_id": 57308350, "subject_id": 17064199, "report": "impression: 1. Worsening consolidation in the left lower lobe now extending to involve the\n left upper lobe with likely a moderate-sized left pleural effusion.\n 2. Unchanged cardiomegaly and postsurgical changes projecting over the\n mediastinum. Findings: The lungs are moderately well inflated. There is worsening consolidation in\n the left lower lobe now all involving the left upper lobe as well. Associated\n worsening left pleural effusion is also noted.\n Right lung is clear.\n There is cardiomegaly as before.\n Sternotomy sutures and postsurgical changes project over the mediastinum. EKG\n leads overlie the chest wall.\n Diffuse demineralization is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17064199/s57308350/c39343f6-79fc61b5-8966b1ae-0324a889-b2bc889c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61d44280-36870c80-a28dc98d-514742a4-80a2d02c", "study_id": 54784236, "subject_id": 10788481, "report": "impression: Bilateral low lung volumes. Poorly assessed costophrenic angles\n due to penetration could be further evaluated for pleural effusion with\n lateral view. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. No\n focal opacification concerning for pneumonia evident. The bilateral\n costophrenic angles are not well seen; however, this is likely due to poor\n penetration due to body habitus rather than a definitive pleural effusion. \n This area could be better assessed with a lateral chest radiograph. No osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10788481/s54784236/61d44280-36870c80-a28dc98d-514742a4-80a2d02c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a021726-bc16a7e3-dfa70222-be202cc9-29a90d71", "study_id": 55063113, "subject_id": 16934687, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n Heart size is within normal limits. There are emphysematous changes and some\n hyperexpansion of the lung fields. There are also coarsened bronchovascular\n markings. No definite areas of consolidation are seen. There is some\n atelectasis at the left lung base. There are no pneumothoraces. These\n findings are relatively unchanged since the study from yesterday. There are\n several old healed right-sided rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16934687/s55063113/8a021726-bc16a7e3-dfa70222-be202cc9-29a90d71.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e90bf36-aa914935-a8fa51c2-1d71eb0b-e70401d2", "study_id": 53740341, "subject_id": 14086847, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of an endotracheal tube with its tip approximately 5.2 cm above the\n carina. Right subclavian catheter tip is in the mid-to-lower portion of the\n SVC. The opacification at the left base is less prominent, consistent with a\n combination of atelectasis and pleural fluid at the left base. In the\n appropriate clinical setting, supervening pneumonia would have to be\n considered.\n \n The atelectatic changes at the right base are somewhat less prominent.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14086847/s53740341/5e90bf36-aa914935-a8fa51c2-1d71eb0b-e70401d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2509122-e68fc826-1dab9fcf-334e4e97-2b14159b", "study_id": 54636349, "subject_id": 14868074, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No definite pleural effusions.\n Redemonstration of left upper lobe posterior mass. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n unchanged. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Lung volumes are low\n leading to bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusions are noted, however the\n diaphgrams are flattened. The known posterior left upper lobe mass is\n visualized on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14868074/s54636349/e2509122-e68fc826-1dab9fcf-334e4e97-2b14159b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2bbf7c14-a3ca6eae-2cba5e44-3ae41e78-a58c62a5", "study_id": 51259747, "subject_id": 12002285, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The patient is apparently status post coronary artery bypass graft\n surgery, as well as bilateral total shoulder replacement surgeries. The heart\n is normal in size. There is moderate unfolding along the thoracic aorta. \n Central pulmonary arteries, particularly the right main, appear prominent. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Bony\n demineralization and loss in height among mid thoracic vertebral bodies, as\n well as moderate degenerative changes, show no change.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12002285/s51259747/2bbf7c14-a3ca6eae-2cba5e44-3ae41e78-a58c62a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b038fd39-fbb9067f-7daf89a3-aa0101a9-144ce53e", "study_id": 51471164, "subject_id": 16861949, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Multilevel\n moderate degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Partially\n assessed is cervical fusion hardware.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16861949/s51471164/b038fd39-fbb9067f-7daf89a3-aa0101a9-144ce53e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e8d35b2-359cbcb8-d8e309a6-80fe63a0-bff60aaf", "study_id": 52881522, "subject_id": 17874983, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of active infectious process.\n 2. Flattened diaphragms and increased AP diameter, compatible with air\n trapping. Findings: There is flattening of the diaphragms and increased AP diameter, with a mild\n bell-shaped configuration of the chest, compatible with air trapping. There\n is no evidence of active infectious process. The mediastinal silhouette is\n normal. There is kyphosis with multilevel degenerative disc disease.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17874983/s52881522/5e8d35b2-359cbcb8-d8e309a6-80fe63a0-bff60aaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3657f7b4-d8e2f592-3791745e-ead0963b-2ce4e599", "study_id": 58701415, "subject_id": 13010083, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. There\n is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13010083/s58701415/3657f7b4-d8e2f592-3791745e-ead0963b-2ce4e599.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "adfcc619-a9ec3ad7-fa046743-bf99a11d-765df92b", "study_id": 58225125, "subject_id": 14614127, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change. \n With better inspiration, the areas of suspected opacification in the left\n perihilar and lower lung are less pronounced and could merely reflect some\n atelectatic change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14614127/s58225125/adfcc619-a9ec3ad7-fa046743-bf99a11d-765df92b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0637da35-0837609e-986b8e89-1ae961f5-4ed46894", "study_id": 51326416, "subject_id": 13162333, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a newly occurred\n right lower lobe opacity with peribronchial predominance and air bronchograms.\n Moreover, the right hilus is slightly bigger than at the previous examination\n and could be displaced towards the lung bases. Overall, these findings\n suggest a volume losing process in the right lower lung, potentially a\n combination of hilar adenopathy and atelectasis or a chronic infection with\n reactive atelectatic changes. In any way, CT appears to be indicated.\n \n The size of the cardiac silhouette is within normal range. No pleural\n effusions.\n \n At the time of dictation and observation, 4:31 p.m., on ___, the referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification.\n Finings were discussed on the telephone a few minutes later.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13162333/s51326416/0637da35-0837609e-986b8e89-1ae961f5-4ed46894.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54aea7e5-38fd946c-baeb653a-9ec2a071-8eb4f60c", "study_id": 51863070, "subject_id": 13440918, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13440918/s51863070/54aea7e5-38fd946c-baeb653a-9ec2a071-8eb4f60c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "976a394b-9880f7f0-96ea1fc6-f0e5cc78-c86c6b27", "study_id": 56801918, "subject_id": 17985260, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged and within normal\n limits. Subsegmental atelectasis is seen within the left lower lobe. Lungs\n are otherwise clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is demonstrated. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17985260/s56801918/976a394b-9880f7f0-96ea1fc6-f0e5cc78-c86c6b27.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fe876e6-9dd0c226-5ee88cc8-b3b61e48-9b3110be", "study_id": 54101098, "subject_id": 10494089, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Slight interval decrease in now moderate\n cardiomegaly. Findings: A double lumen left-sided dialysis catheter terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. The left costophrenic angle remains blunted, likely secondary to\n trace pleural effusion versus chronic pleural thickening. There is no lobar\n opacity, right pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is chronic and slightly less prominent than on the prior\n examination. The aortic arch is calcified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10494089/s54101098/1fe876e6-9dd0c226-5ee88cc8-b3b61e48-9b3110be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0a27ee4-57386229-defa6644-30005263-b48dc1c2", "study_id": 55601977, "subject_id": 13489125, "report": "impression: 1. Mild cardiomegaly and moderate central pulmonary vascular congestion and\n interstitial edema.\n 2. Left lower lobe atelectasis and likely pleural effusion, with superimposed\n infection remaining difficult to exclude. Findings: Lung volumes are low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular structures. \n Allowing for differences in technique and inspiration, mild cardiomegaly is\n grossly stable. Moderate central vascular congestion and interstitial\n pulmonary edema is noted. Left retrocardiac atelectasis is noted, and there\n is a probable left pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly unchanged from the prior examination.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13489125/s55601977/d0a27ee4-57386229-defa6644-30005263-b48dc1c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95161260-ac7053cb-e7d08ae6-30e82bc4-b9292b45", "study_id": 58428189, "subject_id": 16436343, "report": "impression: Large left effusion. The additional presence of a pneumonia or\n renal metastasis cannot be delineated. Repeat radiographs after diuresis will\n be helpful. CT may eventually be required to better characterize the left\n lower lobe process and left upper lobe opacity. Findings: Two AP projections through the chest were obtained. A large left\n pleural effusion has substantially increased in size since ___. There\n is minimal vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegally. The right lung is\n clear without effusion, consolidation or pneumothorax. An oval opacity\n projects over the ___ left anterior interspace.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16436343/s58428189/95161260-ac7053cb-e7d08ae6-30e82bc4-b9292b45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4143590-6289e3f3-a0961aa0-3cc7ae28-555e36b1", "study_id": 50714070, "subject_id": 17978570, "report": "impression: Decrease opacification of left hemithorax, which may reflect improving pleural\n effusion or may be due to semi-erect positioning. Lateral view would be\n helpful for further evaluation. Findings: The endotracheal tube terminates approximately 2.5 cm above the carina. \n Enteric tube is unchanged in position.\n \n Bronchovascular markings are accentuated by very low lung volumes. There is\n decreased opacification of the left hemithorax, which may reflect improving\n pleural effusion or semi-erect positioning. There is also left lung base\n atelectasis. No new areas of consolidation. No pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17978570/s50714070/a4143590-6289e3f3-a0961aa0-3cc7ae28-555e36b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8d364a2-d996d0d2-4206a484-4cb808c5-d1ad451b", "study_id": 54378280, "subject_id": 14841017, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Patient is status post CABG with intact median sternotomy wires. Coronary\n stents and prosthetic aortic valve are present.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841017/s54378280/d8d364a2-d996d0d2-4206a484-4cb808c5-d1ad451b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c71d3ec9-2b8812f1-de01757f-847da3ae-c87e7c98", "study_id": 58814166, "subject_id": 15186635, "report": "impression: Interval development of a small right pleural effusion. Findings: In comparison to the prior study, lung volumes have slightly improved. \n Cardiomediastinal contour is stable. A small right pleural effusion is new. \n There is no focal consolidation. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15186635/s58814166/c71d3ec9-2b8812f1-de01757f-847da3ae-c87e7c98.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff214150-944ef524-7c70b410-4debc769-8502e99f", "study_id": 53691912, "subject_id": 13091743, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable allowing for\n differences in technique. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13091743/s53691912/ff214150-944ef524-7c70b410-4debc769-8502e99f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "480c82de-0ab2e3cc-5939c5b1-775aa6b6-2f2af924", "study_id": 56207400, "subject_id": 12106911, "report": "impression: Stable post-pneumonectomy changes. Interval improvement in the extent of right\n chest wall subcutaneous emphysema. Findings: There is a large amount of fluid in the right hemithorax, with multiple\n air-fluid levels; this is not significantly changed in appearance compared to\n ___ and represents normal post-pneumonectomy changes. The left lung\n is essentially clear, without focal consolidations, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The left heart border appears normal. Mild calcification of the\n aortic arch. There is been interval improvement in the extent of the\n previously noted subcutaneous emphysema along the right chest wall. Other than\n the right ___ and 7th rib fractures which are likely post-surgical, there are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12106911/s56207400/480c82de-0ab2e3cc-5939c5b1-775aa6b6-2f2af924.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ffb1eaf-9a13b8e7-3de5d81f-85e1db9f-f09b7abe", "study_id": 51366329, "subject_id": 17406645, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well\n expanded clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17406645/s51366329/3ffb1eaf-9a13b8e7-3de5d81f-85e1db9f-f09b7abe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ebe5b2ea-93e88094-b82707c8-52f3db6d-1ad8931f", "study_id": 50101405, "subject_id": 10765229, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for pneumonia. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion,\n similar compared to the previous exam. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mitral annular calcifications\n are noted. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with mild\n atherosclerotic calcification of the thoracic aorta noted. Mild cephalization\n of the pulmonary vascular markings may suggest mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion, similar compared to the previous exam. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There is diffuse demineralization\n of the osseous structures with mild loss of height of a mid thoracic vertebral\n body which appears unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10765229/s50101405/ebe5b2ea-93e88094-b82707c8-52f3db6d-1ad8931f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc46f070-19a22e32-84e669ba-6e7af43a-350e7a8f", "study_id": 57178351, "subject_id": 19117238, "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities identified to explain patient's cough. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19117238/s57178351/dc46f070-19a22e32-84e669ba-6e7af43a-350e7a8f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a557c1c-de6fe690-e0d12ef5-74dfd5ee-2cbe91f0", "study_id": 52110394, "subject_id": 14335377, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. The heart is not enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Faint opacity projecting over the\n lower thoracic spine on the lateral radiograph has been present since at least\n ___. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14335377/s52110394/6a557c1c-de6fe690-e0d12ef5-74dfd5ee-2cbe91f0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce253d7e-5e534d4a-53864988-367275a3-701b7d66", "study_id": 52040712, "subject_id": 13890394, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No overt\n pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13890394/s52040712/ce253d7e-5e534d4a-53864988-367275a3-701b7d66.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c2eb44c-226b6636-648b590f-149ba61f-5fd7daab", "study_id": 58220924, "subject_id": 18905773, "report": "impression: Bilateral effusions and lower lung opacity is likely atelectasis\n with mild interstitial edema. Markedly limited exam. Findings: Single view of the chest was provided. Lung volumes are markedly\n low and patient's chin obscures the lung apices. Given the limitations, there\n are bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. There is mild\n interstitial edema.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18905773/s58220924/0c2eb44c-226b6636-648b590f-149ba61f-5fd7daab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1236d126-548aaf7b-9000f40e-f968dc73-b7abeccd", "study_id": 52295375, "subject_id": 16785328, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of rib fractures. However this study is limited for detection\n of rib fractures and if there is high clinical concern dedicated rib views\n should be obtained.\n \n 2. 1 cm nodule projecting over the left lower lobe is potentially calcified\n and could be due to overlying costochondral cartilage. This can be further\n assessed with shallow obliques. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. A 1 cm nodular opacity seen in the retrocardiac\n region above the medial margin of the left hemidiaphragm. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is present. Otherwise cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No rib fractures\n are identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16785328/s52295375/1236d126-548aaf7b-9000f40e-f968dc73-b7abeccd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b1baf5e-74113044-115e3573-ff7a2b3c-fc2ade9b", "study_id": 54359684, "subject_id": 15921961, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Low lung volumes. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of top normal size, exaggerated by low lung volumes. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. Lungs are\n clear without focal or diffuse abnormality. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Median sternotomy wires are intact. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15921961/s54359684/5b1baf5e-74113044-115e3573-ff7a2b3c-fc2ade9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a650a90c-77b42444-b5c3e598-26884aa9-0a3e2d6f", "study_id": 53329381, "subject_id": 14443106, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent left retrocardiac opacity obscuring the left hemidiaphragm\n unchanged since at least ___ may reflect persistent atelectasis or\n pleural effusion.\n 2. Persistent severe cardiomegaly. Findings: Massive cardiomegaly is unchanged. Left chest wall pacer-defibrillator has\n leads in stable position. The left retrocardiac region remains opacified with\n obscuration of left hemidiaphragm. The right lung is grossly clear. There is\n no pulmonary edema. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14443106/s53329381/a650a90c-77b42444-b5c3e598-26884aa9-0a3e2d6f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67680244-879058cd-c2e2d2c2-24db4492-2fd38705", "study_id": 53910089, "subject_id": 14344273, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Tortuosity of descending thoracic aorta is noted. \n Thickening along the fissure on the lateral view is unchanged from prior. No\n acute osseous abnormalities. Old right posterior rib fracture is noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14344273/s53910089/67680244-879058cd-c2e2d2c2-24db4492-2fd38705.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99fbd8d1-e55d86f3-59730c4c-b30def30-3d34c066", "study_id": 56372212, "subject_id": 10466167, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are low with mild bibasilar atelectasis. There is no focal\n consolidation. Stable, chronic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. There\n is no pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10466167/s56372212/99fbd8d1-e55d86f3-59730c4c-b30def30-3d34c066.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c00b3fb7-a8fd6eeb-c405ec47-23e78165-5482e5a4", "study_id": 53101893, "subject_id": 13753787, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13753787/s53101893/c00b3fb7-a8fd6eeb-c405ec47-23e78165-5482e5a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5bd48534-767a1e1f-e1676877-2fb1c2e3-94cd2e21", "study_id": 59250155, "subject_id": 17717893, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17717893/s59250155/5bd48534-767a1e1f-e1676877-2fb1c2e3-94cd2e21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e952efca-b170e9cb-0faf06cf-286b4ea1-05a61065", "study_id": 51687564, "subject_id": 16359884, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest\n prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16359884/s51687564/e952efca-b170e9cb-0faf06cf-286b4ea1-05a61065.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57f0a86d-e4ec1847-39103984-3a376ce6-e84e956e", "study_id": 59016819, "subject_id": 15408118, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15408118/s59016819/57f0a86d-e4ec1847-39103984-3a376ce6-e84e956e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff16cea2-09824c70-95c062b6-bda524bb-f2fe9845", "study_id": 54989774, "subject_id": 11366981, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The\n lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are\n normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11366981/s54989774/ff16cea2-09824c70-95c062b6-bda524bb-f2fe9845.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da91dd0c-2666edfa-3eabdea7-a52a805b-9ca49a8d", "study_id": 51394844, "subject_id": 15421455, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n appearance of the left hemithorax is similar, with a large left pleural\n effusion. There is subsequent mediastinal shift to the right. There is a\n possible very subtle increase in opacity projecting over the the remaining\n aerated left upper lung which may be due to interval slight increase in volume\n loss, although infection or disease spread is not excluded. There is new\n right ___/suprahilar opacity as compared to the prior, which may be due to a\n new site of infection or disease spread. Hazy right basilar opacity is seen\n which may be due to atelectasis in combination with a small right pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15421455/s51394844/da91dd0c-2666edfa-3eabdea7-a52a805b-9ca49a8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c61bee2b-b0d7833a-242e88ee-6c77b248-8f3e857d", "study_id": 59410841, "subject_id": 16811310, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear besides mild left basilar atelectasis. There is no\n consolidation, effusion, or edema. There is moderate to severe cardiomegaly. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. Right chest wall\n single lead pacing device is seen with lead tip in the right ventricle. No\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16811310/s59410841/c61bee2b-b0d7833a-242e88ee-6c77b248-8f3e857d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "038c0310-98178aef-3414521f-1d34c309-8b94b78e", "study_id": 58841050, "subject_id": 19860398, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior study performed 12 hours earlier.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube, feeding tube, and right IJ central line, which\n are unchanged in position. There is complete opacification of the left lung. \n The right lung demonstrates some developing opacities at the right base. No\n pneumothoraces are seen. Overall, the findings are relatively unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19860398/s58841050/038c0310-98178aef-3414521f-1d34c309-8b94b78e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01bfde79-188f329e-4be486a3-e6563726-5d118213", "study_id": 50615307, "subject_id": 17741087, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is\n noted. Small left pleural effusion with subsequent atelectasis. Borderline\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Mild fluid overload. No new focal\n parenchymal opacities. The patient remains intubated, a nasogastric tube is\n in unchanged position. Unchanged right PICC line.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17741087/s50615307/01bfde79-188f329e-4be486a3-e6563726-5d118213.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f4a0721-9d694d8b-d1d00f85-559c0d9d-2262edf4", "study_id": 51621364, "subject_id": 16420657, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16420657/s51621364/9f4a0721-9d694d8b-d1d00f85-559c0d9d-2262edf4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84cbe4a2-2e4ed6f2-609ced32-1deeffe9-67dca64a", "study_id": 56020916, "subject_id": 10551194, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. The lungs appear clear. Surgical clips project over the left\n axilla. The thoracic spine again curves slightly to the right side.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10551194/s56020916/84cbe4a2-2e4ed6f2-609ced32-1deeffe9-67dca64a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fce4cc3-6c353878-41c424d1-b86cb7bf-2104d966", "study_id": 53479502, "subject_id": 12258438, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Heart is normal in size. Aorta is tortuous. Small hiatal hernia\n is demonstrated. Lungs reveal no focal areas of consolidation or substantial\n atelectasis. Focal eventration of right hemidiaphragm is without change since\n older radiograph of ___. There are no pleural effusions or\n concerning skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12258438/s53479502/1fce4cc3-6c353878-41c424d1-b86cb7bf-2104d966.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba64fea2-e3913d64-2c09ffd9-5628abc0-23fc1d06", "study_id": 56340597, "subject_id": 15086586, "report": "impression: Left upper lobe pneumonia, with a small associated pleural effusion and\n probably reactive hilar lymphadenopathy. Findings: Lung volumes are normal. There is patchy consolidation on the left,\n suspicious for pneumonia. On the frontal view, it appears to be silhouetting\n the left heart border, which suggests that it is located in the lingula. \n However, on the lateral view, this consolidation appears to be localized to\n the left upper lobe. Heart is normal in size. There is ipsilateral hilar\n prominence, likely representing reactive lymphadenopathy. Small pleural\n effusion. No pleural effusion on the right. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15086586/s56340597/ba64fea2-e3913d64-2c09ffd9-5628abc0-23fc1d06.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39388ec9-0a400620-d03039f2-4152fc80-c27cba8b", "study_id": 56969105, "subject_id": 13474473, "report": "impression: Findings of COPD. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Linear opacities in the right infrahilar likely represent\n atelectasis. No consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is identified. Findings consistent with COPD include increased AP diameter\n and flattening of the diaphragm. There is mild cardiomegaly. There is\n tortuosity of the aorta.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13474473/s56969105/39388ec9-0a400620-d03039f2-4152fc80-c27cba8b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84df1ec3-1dd844fb-5ca22fbf-1955d5d0-a80e421e", "study_id": 56434326, "subject_id": 15159712, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes remain low. The heart size remains moderately enlarged but\n unchanged. The mediastinal contours remain similar, with a markedly tortuous\n aorta again demonstrated. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures, but without overt pulmonary edema demonstrated. Mild atelectatic\n changes are also noted at the lung bases. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. There are moderate multilevel\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15159712/s56434326/84df1ec3-1dd844fb-5ca22fbf-1955d5d0-a80e421e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "340deb0f-8d44e6ce-248ebea8-623a4687-25af6bb0", "study_id": 59834979, "subject_id": 10757306, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Left-sided pacer device is noted with leads terminate in the right atrium\n right ventricle. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are similar. Previous pattern of mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n has slightly improved. No frank edema is seen. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax present. Moderate multilevel\n degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10757306/s59834979/340deb0f-8d44e6ce-248ebea8-623a4687-25af6bb0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7112e474-f927c009-6c7c972b-b9fa02cf-30dcaeb9", "study_id": 51554661, "subject_id": 12111976, "report": "impression: Subtle opacity in the medial right lung base may be due to early\n pneumonia and/or congestion. Findings: An ICD generator overlies the left chest wall. The\n single-lead is intact with the tip projecting over the expected position of\n the right ventricle. Median sternotomy wires appear intact on the single\n frontal view. There is increased opacification of the medial right lung base,\n which could reflect early developing pneumonia and/or focal congestion. There\n is no overt interstitial edema. No pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12111976/s51554661/7112e474-f927c009-6c7c972b-b9fa02cf-30dcaeb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92cd0afa-c6fdd5aa-0b9a1082-256b317d-1b7fd408", "study_id": 50377998, "subject_id": 18404883, "report": "impression: No rib fracture identified. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. No definite left rib fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18404883/s50377998/92cd0afa-c6fdd5aa-0b9a1082-256b317d-1b7fd408.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cbaefe17-f4f400ac-bc1de695-8f9c07e6-dfcba82b", "study_id": 50904492, "subject_id": 16705973, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates clear lungs bilaterally. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Visualized\n osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16705973/s50904492/cbaefe17-f4f400ac-bc1de695-8f9c07e6-dfcba82b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceac5314-54e04af3-8f5f6535-2ceeee84-531fed80", "study_id": 55394435, "subject_id": 16076433, "report": "impression: 1. Given interstitial disease, it is difficult to rule out lower lobe\n pneumonia but clear appearance of the hemidiaphragms support a lack of\n pneumonia process. Otherwise, no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Minimal interstitial reticular appearance in the lower lung bases is unchanged\n and better characterized on prior CT. Given the obscuring appearance of\n interstitial disease, it is difficult to rule out left lower lobe pneumonia,\n but the hemidiaphragms are clear which supports a lack of pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. \n No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16076433/s55394435/ceac5314-54e04af3-8f5f6535-2ceeee84-531fed80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb148d2f-48d7392b-f8e74f4f-e42a80b6-190c3ce3", "study_id": 53152610, "subject_id": 18446519, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Prominent right nipple\n shadow projects over the right lung base as on prior. Lungs are clear. There\n is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No displaced rib\n fracture. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18446519/s53152610/fb148d2f-48d7392b-f8e74f4f-e42a80b6-190c3ce3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba600594-5bea75de-ae0b8e7d-2b7d0faf-624f7f52", "study_id": 58669967, "subject_id": 19902080, "report": "impression: No significant change in the appearance of the lungs, allowing for differences\n patient position technique. The endotracheal tube now appears to be in\n satisfactory position. The enteric tube is still high. Findings: The patient is now rotated to the right and lung volumes are somewhat lower. \n . Bilateral pulmonary opacities most pronounced at the lung bases are again\n demonstrated. Mediastinal structures are unchanged. An endotracheal tube is\n been pulled back and now terminates approximately 3.3 cm above the carina. A\n right subclavian line remains in place terminating in the region of the\n superior vena cava. An enteric tube is present and can be followed to the\n level of the gastroesophageal junction as before.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19902080/s58669967/ba600594-5bea75de-ae0b8e7d-2b7d0faf-624f7f52.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fefa7455-a7aa0f09-952ef199-2d0a5c0e-6c20297c", "study_id": 55787972, "subject_id": 12263113, "report": "impression: Airspace consolidation in the lingula concerning for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Airspace consolidation in the\n lingula is concerning for pneumonia. Right lung is clear. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. Heart size is difficult to assess given adjacent\n consolidation. Mediastinal contour is normal. Bony structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12263113/s55787972/fefa7455-a7aa0f09-952ef199-2d0a5c0e-6c20297c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "edd260a9-d430cac9-45b97aa7-929df6ac-ef904fea", "study_id": 58888105, "subject_id": 17453277, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with left basilar streaky opacity most likely reflective of\n atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are decreased compared to the prior exam. This results in\n accentuation of the cardiac silhouette size which is likely borderline\n enlarged. The aorta is mildly unfolded. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. \n Minimal left basilar streaky opacity likely reflects atelectasis. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities are present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17453277/s58888105/edd260a9-d430cac9-45b97aa7-929df6ac-ef904fea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a79a1fe-c5195230-6beaf16c-e9623c66-9ca29a91", "study_id": 59524362, "subject_id": 13696506, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion and small bilateral effusions. Findings: There are increased interstitial markings seen throughout the lungs\n when compared to prior. Small bilateral effusions are seen as well, right\n greater than left. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in\n configuration. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are also noted. \n Degenerative changes are seen at the left shoulder, potentially\n post-traumatic.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13696506/s59524362/7a79a1fe-c5195230-6beaf16c-e9623c66-9ca29a91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c18f9c97-a20da8a2-c0080cfd-4687c576-18e4633e", "study_id": 51929367, "subject_id": 14962181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear besides mild left basilar atelectasis. There is no\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities, degenerative changes noted at the\n right acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14962181/s51929367/c18f9c97-a20da8a2-c0080cfd-4687c576-18e4633e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "476d36bc-b33a8b32-7b64c4b6-34557965-fa3182b0", "study_id": 56231769, "subject_id": 10880579, "report": "impression: There is no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is no new lung consolidation. Minimal right lower lung atelectatic\n bands are unchanged since previous CT. Mild elevation of right hemidiaphragm\n is also chronic. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10880579/s56231769/476d36bc-b33a8b32-7b64c4b6-34557965-fa3182b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d5dff5c-d57134d3-063bfe3d-a89c3e4a-f3c9927c", "study_id": 53166602, "subject_id": 18436961, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear. No signs of pneumonia or CHF. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony\n structures are intact. There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18436961/s53166602/5d5dff5c-d57134d3-063bfe3d-a89c3e4a-f3c9927c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd966a51-a5487743-b2830c8e-434aaa64-f038d753", "study_id": 52168916, "subject_id": 10026255, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Linear opacity projecting over the anterior right seventh rib may\n relate to the edge of the rib. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The aorta is slightly tortuous\n and is calcified. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Metallic surgical\n hardware is partially imaged in the cervical spine. Evidence of underlying\n pulmonary emphysema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10026255/s52168916/dd966a51-a5487743-b2830c8e-434aaa64-f038d753.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e270403e-8ba97284-3444c28c-c91f0d9b-9026e13f", "study_id": 54297727, "subject_id": 13844364, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion. Lung volumes are low, and there is bibasilar\n atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. \n Interstitial markings are likely accentuated by low lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13844364/s54297727/e270403e-8ba97284-3444c28c-c91f0d9b-9026e13f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1718e27-7f404de3-8f3623f7-05df4df6-8969f160", "study_id": 55934688, "subject_id": 17056572, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Top-normal heart size, mild vascular engorgement and early\n interstitial edema are new. New right transjugular temporary pacer lead in\n standard placement. No complications. Findings: Patient has had median sternotomy and coronary bypass grafting. Sternal wires\n are intact and aligned.\n \n A new right internal jugular approach cardiac pacing wire projects over the\n right ventricle. No pneumothorax, mediastinal widening, or pleural effusion.\n \n Mild pulmonary vascular engorgement and mild interstitial edema are new. The\n heart is larger, but not enlarged. No pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p17/p17056572/s55934688/f1718e27-7f404de3-8f3623f7-05df4df6-8969f160.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbe03bc3-66177451-9e8bfa75-a47ca295-34dba244", "study_id": 54573386, "subject_id": 18339865, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable. There has been no\n significant change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18339865/s54573386/bbe03bc3-66177451-9e8bfa75-a47ca295-34dba244.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9d6cbc6-29d00c5f-10524bca-c9497a74-90ace364", "study_id": 52048530, "subject_id": 11378676, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal and unchanged. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11378676/s52048530/a9d6cbc6-29d00c5f-10524bca-c9497a74-90ace364.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "110aab50-898f5715-6df5c8c6-ad381fa7-88886640", "study_id": 53358807, "subject_id": 16397983, "report": "impression: No acute intrapulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are free of focal consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax.\n No pulmonary edema. The mediastinum, hila and heart are within normal limits.\n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16397983/s53358807/110aab50-898f5715-6df5c8c6-ad381fa7-88886640.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "feaaa237-d9a9cea1-0b17499e-c0ec8448-16453e7d", "study_id": 54890408, "subject_id": 16080613, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of chest demonstrate clear lungs. No\n pneumothorax. Minimal streaky atelectasis in the left midlung is unchanged. \n No pleural effusion. PICC has been removed.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16080613/s54890408/feaaa237-d9a9cea1-0b17499e-c0ec8448-16453e7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "379b8b8c-6b3cc362-d753d27c-f145cabc-eda07ea2", "study_id": 52294869, "subject_id": 12427794, "report": "impression: Lingular opacity partially silhouetting the heart border,\n potentially due to atelectasis however developing infiltrate is not excluded\n and clinical correlation is suggested. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. There is left\n basilar opacity which partially obscures the left lateral heart border,\n potentially due to atelectasis although a developing infiltrate is also\n possible. Elsewhere, lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12427794/s52294869/379b8b8c-6b3cc362-d753d27c-f145cabc-eda07ea2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "105ade86-5c758dd6-5f3272e5-f253afea-e16e499f", "study_id": 53510285, "subject_id": 15819830, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded, without focal new opacity noting right\n apical scarring. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Moderate hiatal hernia is noted. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. A left-sided Port-A-Cath catheter is again seen with the tip at\n the level of the lower SVC.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15819830/s53510285/105ade86-5c758dd6-5f3272e5-f253afea-e16e499f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5395e6c8-ca9dfae6-4a185ada-a722cb7d-580f4364", "study_id": 50795835, "subject_id": 19818127, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary edema is consistent with\n congestive heart failure. No pleural effusions. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Pacemaker is seen with leads in\n appropriate position. There are sternotomy wires seen. There is cardiomegaly\n with increased interstitial opacities consistent with mild pulmonary edema. \n No pleural effusions are seen. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19818127/s50795835/5395e6c8-ca9dfae6-4a185ada-a722cb7d-580f4364.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eecc7eaa-1916c588-6af87c77-7ff82027-c85f0418", "study_id": 53592383, "subject_id": 15992459, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. A PDA closure device is noted within the\n AP window. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable, and the\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities present. Multiple\n surgical anchors are seen projecting over both proximal humeri.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15992459/s53592383/eecc7eaa-1916c588-6af87c77-7ff82027-c85f0418.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cc1ba1f-1b892be8-30ad6fba-dfbfcded-1dfe7267", "study_id": 56410940, "subject_id": 17915112, "report": "impression: 1. Findings concerning for left mid to lower lung pneumonia, likely involving\n both portions of the upper and lower lobes. Recommend follow-up to\n resolution.\n \n 2. Compression deformity involving a lower thoracic vertebral body, new\n compared to the prior study from ___, but otherwise age indeterminate.\n \n 3. Unchanged small hiatal hernia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. There\n is re-demonstration of a left-sided pacemaker with associated right atrial and\n right ventricular leads, not significantly changed in position. New patchy\n left mid to lower lung opacities likely project over both the left upper and\n lower lobes on the lateral radiograph. The right lung is clear. A rounded\n retrocardiac opacity is redemonstrated, most consistent with a small hiatal\n hernia. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal. \n There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Anterior wedging of\n a lower thoracic vertebral body is new compared to the prior study from ___. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17915112/s56410940/0cc1ba1f-1b892be8-30ad6fba-dfbfcded-1dfe7267.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4847ab22-aeb65aea-6d7fa2d4-eafc18f4-fbadff33", "study_id": 52887671, "subject_id": 16319958, "report": "impression: 1. Right upper lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Patchy opacities within the lung bases may reflect areas of atelectasis,\n but additional sites of infection are not excluded. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Ill-defined consolidative opacity is noted within the right upper\n lobe concerning for pneumonia. Patchy opacities in the lung bases may reflect\n areas of atelectasis, but additional sites of infection are not excluded. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319958/s52887671/4847ab22-aeb65aea-6d7fa2d4-eafc18f4-fbadff33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e4225c7-a018b902-44262dcc-bd07abc4-aaaea414", "study_id": 51089765, "subject_id": 17797252, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath resides over\n the right chest wall with catheter tip in the region of the mid SVC. Lungs\n are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17797252/s51089765/8e4225c7-a018b902-44262dcc-bd07abc4-aaaea414.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "318ef6a6-9ad42066-46986964-a370e7ff-99570f36", "study_id": 54950221, "subject_id": 15726347, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. A dual-chamber pacemaker is present\n with leads appropriately positioned in the right atrium and ventricle. The\n lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15726347/s54950221/318ef6a6-9ad42066-46986964-a370e7ff-99570f36.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e11cd6cd-08cc308b-5f06c254-03a74a02-1b90f3dd", "study_id": 55708687, "subject_id": 12473317, "report": "impression: Possible minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. No focal consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. Mitral anulus calcification again seen. Findings: Battery pack again overlie is a left mid hemi thorax to the left of midline.\n Mild basilar atelectasis is seen without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Mitral anulus calcification is again as well\n as coronary artery calcifications. There is minimal basilar atelectasis. There\n may be minimal vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12473317/s55708687/e11cd6cd-08cc308b-5f06c254-03a74a02-1b90f3dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9efb7b8-d24216f5-ec06e994-86043c3d-adc8550f", "study_id": 53276943, "subject_id": 13725781, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings, no significant cardiac enlargement, no\n pulmonary congestion in this elderly male patient. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within normal\n limits. No typical configurational abnormality is seen. Again the thoracic\n aorta is moderately widened and elongated and calcium deposits are seen in the\n wall, but no local contour abnormalities can be identified. The pulmonary\n vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic parenchymal\n infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are\n free. On previous examination, there is evidence of a previously performed\n cholecystectomy. Skeletal structures are characterized by a moderately\n accentuated kyphotic curvature in the thoracic spine but no evidence of local\n vertebral body compression.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13725781/s53276943/b9efb7b8-d24216f5-ec06e994-86043c3d-adc8550f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "772cebf5-538883e6-12fac8c1-874d2915-c6037f51", "study_id": 53590949, "subject_id": 18127146, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Specifically, except for mild unfolding of\n the thoracic aorta, mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Findings: Lung volumes are normal. Right-sided cardiac pacing device with dual leads\n following their expected course to the right atrium and ventricle,\n respectively. Rounded hyperdense nodule at the right lung base is consistent\n with calcified granuloma, as seen on prior CT from ___. There is no\n central vascular congestion or overt pulmonary edema. There is no large\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta with\n calcification at the aortic knob. Otherwise, mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. Mild cardiomegaly is stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18127146/s53590949/772cebf5-538883e6-12fac8c1-874d2915-c6037f51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd9f906a-642a9d77-0b91fcf8-2336cd71-c06d4b1e", "study_id": 51751674, "subject_id": 17339765, "report": "impression: Increase in bilateral pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There has been increase in previously seen bilateral pleural\n effusion with bibasilar atelectasis. There is mild vascular congestion. \n Right-sided PICC is unchanged in position and terminates within the lower SVC.\n The previously seen left chest tube has been removed. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17339765/s51751674/dd9f906a-642a9d77-0b91fcf8-2336cd71-c06d4b1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14ae3265-c00d4d9f-ff52eb2d-ada27830-b451137c", "study_id": 54235786, "subject_id": 13383248, "report": "impression: 1. New small right pleural effusion.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion and associated left basilar atelectasis, not\n appreciably changed in the interval. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Small left pleural effusion is\n re- demonstrated along with left basilar opacity, likely atelectasis. A trace\n right pleural effusion is also demonstrated, new in the interval. Remainder\n of the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is\n identified. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13383248/s54235786/14ae3265-c00d4d9f-ff52eb2d-ada27830-b451137c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "36e41e6c-1692cfa2-c61ece2e-5c446ba0-bb611a7b", "study_id": 56091664, "subject_id": 15837552, "report": "impression: 1. Cardiomegaly.\n 2. No pneumothorax or consolidation. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is prominent\n and unchanged since prior examination. No focal consolidation is noted. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.\n \n Again noted is a left-sided pacemaker with stable position of 2 leads. There\n is evidence of prior CABG. Median sternotomy wires are intact and well\n aligned.\n \n Degenerative changes are seen at the left glenohumeral and acromioclavicular\n joints.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15837552/s56091664/36e41e6c-1692cfa2-c61ece2e-5c446ba0-bb611a7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "459d76b3-77733c13-1ec321de-0a56514a-1493fb53", "study_id": 57520039, "subject_id": 17867658, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Normal cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Normal pleural surfaces. Fully\n expanded, clear lungs.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17867658/s57520039/459d76b3-77733c13-1ec321de-0a56514a-1493fb53.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d71a4931-5c0832b8-ae60fd56-1e3658d3-a392959a", "study_id": 52962553, "subject_id": 10004235, "report": "impression: Progression of bilateral opacities, now more confluent, particularly on the\n left. suggesting progression of alveolar edema. In the appropriate clinical\n setting, underlying infectious infiltrate would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Lines and tubes are grossly unchanged. The NG to cannot be traced through the\n lower most mediastinum due to underpenetration.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Extensive interstitial and\n alveolar opacity use in both lungs appear more confluent . Small effusions\n would be difficult to exclude. No pneumothorax detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10004235/s52962553/d71a4931-5c0832b8-ae60fd56-1e3658d3-a392959a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5ff6c3d-4e330c0b-9c839ccf-c62addce-3660cc13", "study_id": 57459416, "subject_id": 15895004, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated.\n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild biapical\n pleural parenchymal scarring is noted. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15895004/s57459416/f5ff6c3d-4e330c0b-9c839ccf-c62addce-3660cc13.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d9b9b37-90fc2c3e-098e4fc5-3bbac8cc-f6cd000f", "study_id": 51115187, "subject_id": 15562978, "report": "impression: 1. There is mild cephalization of pulmonary vessels without pulmonary edema.\n \n 2. Free air under the diaphragm is presumed to be from recent surgery. Findings: A small amount of free air under the right diaphragm is due to recent\n abdominal surgery. There is mild vessel cephalization without pulmonary\n edema. This is unchanged. Left lower lung atelectasis band is stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15562978/s51115187/6d9b9b37-90fc2c3e-098e4fc5-3bbac8cc-f6cd000f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a66a2695-3d0f8937-f0829e5d-cd2672e5-abd0773e", "study_id": 55977976, "subject_id": 14089164, "report": "impression: Pleural thickening versus residual small left pleural effusion,\n with adjacent linear scar or atelectasis.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n 11:20 a.m. as per request. Findings: Lungs are well expanded. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle\n may represent a small residual pleural effusion or pleural thickening. Linear\n opacities along the left lung base likely represent atelectasis or scarring. \n The lungs are otherwise clear, without focal consolidation or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14089164/s55977976/a66a2695-3d0f8937-f0829e5d-cd2672e5-abd0773e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b1eac23-47ed0ad7-c68952a8-e01a927e-60b1ae9c", "study_id": 56047293, "subject_id": 18307993, "report": "impression: Small bilateral effusions. Lucency of the left glenoid and right lateral\n eighth ribs worrisome for metastatic disease. Findings: Low lung volumes are noted. Blunting of the posterior costophrenic angles\n suggests small bilateral effusions. There is no confluent consolidation. Right\n chest wall port is again seen. New since prior exam is lucency involving the\n left glenoid worrisome for metastatic disease. Lucency through the right\n lateral eighth rib is also new.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18307993/s56047293/0b1eac23-47ed0ad7-c68952a8-e01a927e-60b1ae9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7eec0a10-7165e92f-a812476b-03e06243-9845507b", "study_id": 53224535, "subject_id": 16249154, "report": "impression: No evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Evaluation is somewhat limited secondary to patient body habitus. Within this\n limitation, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or pulmonary edema. The cardiac size is within normal limits. The descending\n aorta is somewhat ectatic.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16249154/s53224535/7eec0a10-7165e92f-a812476b-03e06243-9845507b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6dde2b56-ca212118-82e6741f-724adeaf-559e4563", "study_id": 59793630, "subject_id": 19000174, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low, particularly on the frontal view. There is no\n focal consolidation, effusion or overt edema. Cardiac silhouette is within\n normal limits. Median sternotomy wires, mediastinal clips and coronary artery\n stents are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19000174/s59793630/6dde2b56-ca212118-82e6741f-724adeaf-559e4563.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2d2408e0-4a9909cf-b792bde6-39f337a7-4896add7", "study_id": 56236011, "subject_id": 18554493, "report": "The patient is status post wedge resection in the right lower lobe\n with chronic atelectatic scarring in that region, similar to prior CT\n examinations. No new focal parenchymal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. \n No pneumothorax is present. There is chronic blunting of the right\n costophrenic angle. No significant pleural effusion is seen. A dual-lead\n left-sided pacemaker is in standard position. The heart size is normal. \n There are calcifications of the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18554493/s56236011/2d2408e0-4a9909cf-b792bde6-39f337a7-4896add7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e89b0b2-f5d51d07-99879544-e6aa39f4-1f399f11", "study_id": 50975337, "subject_id": 18562338, "report": "impression: Status post removal of right-sided chest tube with a tiny right apical\n pneumothorax and minimal linear atelectasis in the right lower lobe.\n \n A followup chest radiograph may be obtained as clinically relevant. Findings: Status post removal of right-sided chest tube. There is a tiny right apical\n pneumothorax. Linear opacities in the right mid and lower zone likely\n represent atelectasis. No large pleural effusion seen bilaterally. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette are unchanged. Bony thorax and upper abdomen are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18562338/s50975337/9e89b0b2-f5d51d07-99879544-e6aa39f4-1f399f11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20f159c6-f9abe621-867a7603-69a4cb7e-be5360c2", "study_id": 59383856, "subject_id": 14161824, "report": "Comparison is made to the previous study from ___.\n \n Heart size is enlarged but stable. There is improved aeration in the left\n retrocardiac area. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There is\n mild prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings suggestive of minimal\n pulmonary edema. No pneumothoraces are identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14161824/s59383856/20f159c6-f9abe621-867a7603-69a4cb7e-be5360c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18c16d9d-f6e2cf44-ab9d6a70-206eb2c4-e6be59e3", "study_id": 58772066, "subject_id": 19899194, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Left-sided pacemaker is in\n appropriate position. Sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19899194/s58772066/18c16d9d-f6e2cf44-ab9d6a70-206eb2c4-e6be59e3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "594e4aa8-15fb23f0-1691f483-10af37c6-8dd9a3e7", "study_id": 50083351, "subject_id": 19156989, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate hyperexpansion of the\n lungs with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms, consistent with\n emphysema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged, with stable mild\n cardiomegaly. There is no evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema,\n pneumothorax or focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19156989/s50083351/594e4aa8-15fb23f0-1691f483-10af37c6-8dd9a3e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e72b36d-44cef919-d9b9125b-83009e4e-c003217e", "study_id": 54044886, "subject_id": 13299285, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Moderate cardiomegaly with mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema. Likely\n minimal bilateral pleural effusions. Retrocardiac atelectasis. The\n monitoring and support devices are constant.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299285/s54044886/5e72b36d-44cef919-d9b9125b-83009e4e-c003217e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7152c639-d6033418-8149608d-254bd2b0-12ecaa02", "study_id": 58173634, "subject_id": 11658675, "report": "impression: Left-sided PICC terminates in the right atrium. If positioning\n in the lower SVC is desired, the catheter should be retracted by 4 cm.\n \n Dr. ___ was paged at 9:17 a.m. on ___. Findings: The left PIC line now ends in the right atrium, 9cm below the level\n of the carina. Low lung volume accentuates the pulmonary vasculature and\n makes evaluation of the cardiac size difficult. Bibasilar opacities are\n mildly increased from prior study and are likely atelectatic. Plate-like\n atelectasis is noted in the left lower lung. The lung apices are clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11658675/s58173634/7152c639-d6033418-8149608d-254bd2b0-12ecaa02.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7953046-2ed58833-9fa9dc5d-2a92f261-b5ce1864", "study_id": 53205062, "subject_id": 15499586, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Despite low lung volumes,\n the lungs appear clear. No large effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing signs\n of edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable with mild cardiomegaly in an\n unfolded thoracic aorta. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15499586/s53205062/c7953046-2ed58833-9fa9dc5d-2a92f261-b5ce1864.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ffd99d4-d5fae0bc-0888e58c-af9880fc-5fc484ea", "study_id": 52530743, "subject_id": 19979869, "report": "impression: Area of amorphous calcification spanning approximately 6 cm\n projecting over the right paratracheal region, of unclear etiology. Recommend\n correlation with any prior radiograph to assess for stability, if none,\n nonurgent chest CT would help further evaluate. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Popcorn-like\n calcification is seen along the right paratracheal region of unclear etiology.\n Recommend correlation with prior studies to assess stability, if none,\n nonurgent chest CT for further evaluation. Anterior, inferior right upper\n lobe linear atelectasis/scarring is seen. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. The aorta is calcified and\n tortuous. The bones are diffusely osteopenic.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19979869/s52530743/0ffd99d4-d5fae0bc-0888e58c-af9880fc-5fc484ea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8469d2fc-b0242198-2079b227-abd73802-2c4446f3", "study_id": 59739758, "subject_id": 16495770, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low which accentuates the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16495770/s59739758/8469d2fc-b0242198-2079b227-abd73802-2c4446f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c53cd39-0faab7e1-cd858458-aa3e5452-f687ebbb", "study_id": 50325089, "subject_id": 11832757, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n Heart size is enlarged. There is tortuosity and calcification of the thoracic\n aorta. There is coarsening of the bronchovascular markings with more\n confluent opacity at the lung bases. Underlying infiltrate in this location\n cannot be excluded. There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11832757/s50325089/2c53cd39-0faab7e1-cd858458-aa3e5452-f687ebbb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "175294de-e7d3416c-3fab481f-2dc43f43-65d58887", "study_id": 57621704, "subject_id": 14577815, "report": "impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia identified. Findings: Lung volumes are low, exaggerating the cardiomediastinal\n structures; however, there is mild cardiomegaly, overall unchanged compared to\n the prior exam. The aorta is tortuous. Otherwise, the hilar and mediastinal\n contours are normal. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14577815/s57621704/175294de-e7d3416c-3fab481f-2dc43f43-65d58887.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6c96e21-d755adf0-a7eb34c5-2a535adf-001c5d09", "study_id": 58486312, "subject_id": 16009988, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the right base is now clear.\n There is no evidence of acute pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16009988/s58486312/f6c96e21-d755adf0-a7eb34c5-2a535adf-001c5d09.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0e780e5-ec818554-36ae0765-d796d551-2e15f861", "study_id": 58087451, "subject_id": 14371035, "report": "Support and monitoring devices are unchanged in position, and\n cardiomediastinal contours are stable. A bilateral asymmetrically distributed\n airspace process has slightly worsened in the interval, with more confluent\n opacification noted in the right upper lobe and left juxtahilar region. These\n findings could be due to multifocal infection, asymmetrical edema or\n clinically suspected ARDS. Small bilateral pleural effusions are also\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14371035/s58087451/d0e780e5-ec818554-36ae0765-d796d551-2e15f861.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2561a1be-496a538a-bd594c17-f012db29-be01b423", "study_id": 59320490, "subject_id": 13880219, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13880219/s59320490/2561a1be-496a538a-bd594c17-f012db29-be01b423.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "079e6674-b5735af2-caac4b0d-8f991898-e22b2b51", "study_id": 50413242, "subject_id": 12872646, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Interstitial opacities with basilar distribution are most compatible with mild\n pulmonary edema. There are likely trace, bilateral pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Nonspecific biapical scarring\n is unchanged The heart is mildly enlarged, increased from ___. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. The aorta is diffusely calcified and\n tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12872646/s50413242/079e6674-b5735af2-caac4b0d-8f991898-e22b2b51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a77410a1-29997d4c-893e88c8-8b8a0263-e2e48750", "study_id": 50349594, "subject_id": 10483660, "report": "impression: ET tube in satisfactory position with no other significant change since\n yesterday. Findings: An ET tube ends 4.7 cm above the carina. Otherwise, no significant change in\n widespread pulmonary opacification, severe cardiomegaly and venous engorgement\n likely due to cardiac decompensation. The trachea is chronically deviated to\n the right by a large mass at the thoracic inlet.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10483660/s50349594/a77410a1-29997d4c-893e88c8-8b8a0263-e2e48750.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb3d353f-633d724b-ddd0e0d9-1178c6f2-dd3ada44", "study_id": 56355374, "subject_id": 10914775, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10914775/s56355374/eb3d353f-633d724b-ddd0e0d9-1178c6f2-dd3ada44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e04fcfd3-6994c95e-612729d8-9f6c5453-0b9e81f3", "study_id": 54994275, "subject_id": 14772649, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion, pneumothorax, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14772649/s54994275/e04fcfd3-6994c95e-612729d8-9f6c5453-0b9e81f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49e85330-6ea39d08-25a0646e-41aa97bc-3817df87", "study_id": 53827148, "subject_id": 19194480, "report": "impression: 1. Streaky bibasilar opacities, most suggestive of atelectasis, although not\n entirely specific. \n \n 2. Mild-to-moderate relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n \n 3. Mild cardiomegaly and unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged. There is moderate unfolding of the\n thoracic aorta, but otherwise the mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal range. There is mild-to-moderate relative elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are patchy\n predominantly streaky opacities at both lung bases that are suggestive of\n minor atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear. Moderate anterior\n osteophyte formation is noted throughout the thoracic spine. Cholecystectomy\n clips project over the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19194480/s53827148/49e85330-6ea39d08-25a0646e-41aa97bc-3817df87.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d121bae-c314c7cc-3fba6442-27965420-52671a95", "study_id": 51024279, "subject_id": 11435551, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n minimal right mid lung atelectasis/scarring. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11435551/s51024279/0d121bae-c314c7cc-3fba6442-27965420-52671a95.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfc4951f-f78e64c7-c0d2d4f9-0cdbde9b-b6590a6a", "study_id": 51003614, "subject_id": 18816617, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumonia,\n pulmonary edema or pneumothorax. Cardiac size is normal. No bony\n abnormalities are detected on these non-dedicated views.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18816617/s51003614/cfc4951f-f78e64c7-c0d2d4f9-0cdbde9b-b6590a6a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a31a238c-c8bf31a0-ecf9030e-27eace9b-3195acd0", "study_id": 57203603, "subject_id": 18020405, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no evidence of left\n pleural effusion. Lungs are clear without vascular congestion.\n \n Of incidental note are catheters extending to the upper abdomen on both sides.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18020405/s57203603/a31a238c-c8bf31a0-ecf9030e-27eace9b-3195acd0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "587b84e4-31110fe4-192fcf84-486faad9-42b648d6", "study_id": 53716976, "subject_id": 13784168, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. Mild degenerative changes are similar along the mid-to-lower thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13784168/s53716976/587b84e4-31110fe4-192fcf84-486faad9-42b648d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee3c411c-cf4ff238-4557f677-f2c2c51c-ce8f76da", "study_id": 53804476, "subject_id": 17436646, "report": "impression: Interval removal of right pleural drain with minuscule right\n pneumothorax. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph, there has been interval\n removal of right pleural drain. Pneumothorax is minuscule, if any on the\n right. The extent of ground glass opacity representing hemorrhage in the right\n lower lung is unchanged. Left lung is clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. A fiducial marker is again seen in the right lower lung.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17436646/s53804476/ee3c411c-cf4ff238-4557f677-f2c2c51c-ce8f76da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "021769a7-e4172f88-0fefea32-039cdd23-74e1fd99", "study_id": 59004927, "subject_id": 19576360, "report": "impression: Progression of diffuse pulmonary opacities in the right upper, right middle,\n and left upper lobes that may represent pulmonary hemorrhage in the setting of\n hemoptysis versus pulmonary edema versus aspiration, with pneumonia being less\n likely given rapid time course. Findings: In comparison to ___ study there is diffuse pulmonary opacities seen,\n with progression in the right upper and right middle lobes as well as new\n opacities in upper lung. Again given the setting setting of hemoptysis\n pulmonary hemorrhage cannot be excluded as well as pulmonary edema and\n aspiration. Given the rapidity of the progression pneumonia is less likely. \n Again seen is a right jugular central venous catheter which terminates in the\n right atrium. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stable when compared\n to previous studies.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19576360/s59004927/021769a7-e4172f88-0fefea32-039cdd23-74e1fd99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "443abf17-b2123cba-1278bd1f-591f4340-ac63bb99", "study_id": 58529600, "subject_id": 17740473, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged as on prior. No displaced fractures\n identified. Degenerative changes noted at the shoulders bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17740473/s58529600/443abf17-b2123cba-1278bd1f-591f4340-ac63bb99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50b83a79-06bacb09-55a82ab9-5b1af74b-e49924c8", "study_id": 56377550, "subject_id": 14755592, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation. There is no acute osseous\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14755592/s56377550/50b83a79-06bacb09-55a82ab9-5b1af74b-e49924c8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0b97293-af9964e2-fc4f5891-d159701c-79849b55", "study_id": 59782082, "subject_id": 12876452, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12876452/s59782082/a0b97293-af9964e2-fc4f5891-d159701c-79849b55.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6f9ecc7-95f3a906-b0cfd0c8-d7aff28c-83d72ca7", "study_id": 56310595, "subject_id": 10113898, "report": "impression: 1. Interval improvement in right mediastinal fullness with now midline\n trachea.\n 2. Interval improvement in right basilar atelectasis.\n 3. No focal consolidation.\n 4. Continued elevation of right hemidiaphragm. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest. There is interval\n resolution of the fullness of the right mediastinum, with interval improvement\n in the right basilar atelectasis. Surgical clips are seen overlying the right\n mediastinum, reflective of previous surgery. No acute consolidation is\n identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The cardiac\n contour is normal. Persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again\n noted, possibly related to phrenic nerve injury. The trachea is midline.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10113898/s56310595/e6f9ecc7-95f3a906-b0cfd0c8-d7aff28c-83d72ca7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11365c7c-8e482d30-ccad0e5f-0b8e3847-ed39d0ed", "study_id": 50515201, "subject_id": 12070984, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged.\n The aorta is slightly tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12070984/s50515201/11365c7c-8e482d30-ccad0e5f-0b8e3847-ed39d0ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5bbb283-0c37ec7b-93eac477-6ccc4916-7a0c37ab", "study_id": 57587246, "subject_id": 18225729, "report": "impression: Mild improvement in pulmonary edema. Small pleural effusions. Cardiac\n enlargement, pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Right IJ central line tip low SVC. Stable cardiac enlargement, pulmonary\n vascularity. Interstitial prominence has mildly improved, likely improving\n edema. Stable left basilar opacity, likely atelectasis. Small bilateral\n pleural effusions, more apparent.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18225729/s57587246/e5bbb283-0c37ec7b-93eac477-6ccc4916-7a0c37ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95a4e2cc-3131575b-0ed071ce-46aecf5f-150444a2", "study_id": 56461925, "subject_id": 14265178, "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Enlarged cardiac silhouette presumed from cardiomyopathy given patient's\n history, less likely pericardial effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged which may be due to cardiomyopathy given patient\n history more likely than pericardial effusion. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The aorta is\n calcified. No overt pulmonary edema. Some degenerative changes are seen\n along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14265178/s56461925/95a4e2cc-3131575b-0ed071ce-46aecf5f-150444a2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c011b51c-bdfe8b12-5e733b63-7dfaf01d-773d2f48", "study_id": 51761680, "subject_id": 13416326, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13416326/s51761680/c011b51c-bdfe8b12-5e733b63-7dfaf01d-773d2f48.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae869428-16509372-c19abdd0-f8ddbd55-389dbd2a", "study_id": 55030517, "subject_id": 18994071, "report": "impression: Diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally, moderate pulmonary\n edema versus atypical infection. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is diffuse increase in interstitial\n markings bilaterally, concerning for moderate pulmonary edema versus atypical\n infection. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes\n are seen at the acromioclavicular joints bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18994071/s55030517/ae869428-16509372-c19abdd0-f8ddbd55-389dbd2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5d74916-580e2dc9-bd097a9e-5400eec8-f52de68b", "study_id": 58229764, "subject_id": 10996527, "report": "impression: The lungs are mildly hyperinflated, unchanged from ___. No\n pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n The lungs are mildly hyperinflated, but grossly clear. The diaphragms are\n flattened, bilaterally. There is no pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10996527/s58229764/a5d74916-580e2dc9-bd097a9e-5400eec8-f52de68b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "425a5efd-fbce97dd-b38c50bd-962204e7-d44202ae", "study_id": 55736251, "subject_id": 14862629, "report": "impression: No cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema. Findings: Lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14862629/s55736251/425a5efd-fbce97dd-b38c50bd-962204e7-d44202ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5020422f-1c1839c1-25113078-fc2033b2-0dd75285", "study_id": 58221673, "subject_id": 12364112, "report": "impression: Chronic elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with adjacent left linear\n atelectasis. No Pneumonia. Findings: Again seen is chronic elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, with adjacent left\n linear atelectasis.There is no focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12364112/s58221673/5020422f-1c1839c1-25113078-fc2033b2-0dd75285.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f473896-d0470fad-9f2f6cef-a1137da9-3cbe1095", "study_id": 54760888, "subject_id": 18838401, "report": "impression: Interval increase in size of the left pneumothorax without evidence of\n tension. Findings: There is interval enlargement of the left pneumothorax. Minimal left basilar\n atelectasis and blunting of left costophrenic angle. The right lung is clear.\n \n The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The\n mediastinal structures remain midline.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18838401/s54760888/2f473896-d0470fad-9f2f6cef-a1137da9-3cbe1095.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53b29d23-5351833f-3e0d8cdc-b096941a-f222daf9", "study_id": 58051435, "subject_id": 12602845, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No overt pulmonary edema\n is seen. No displaced fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12602845/s58051435/53b29d23-5351833f-3e0d8cdc-b096941a-f222daf9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e1aaa37-610ad161-31196977-6372fe64-7839ecd2", "study_id": 53899162, "subject_id": 18995174, "report": "impression: Interval improvement in pulmonary edema. Dense left retrocardiac opacity\n likely atelectasis with unchanged cardiomegaly. Findings: Lines and Tubes: Enteric tube, right PICC, pacemaker and pacer wires are\n unchanged in position. LVAD device, partially visualized.\n \n Lungs: Low lung volumes with unchanged dense retrocardiac opacity. Interval\n improvement in pulmonary edema.\n \n Pleura: Likely small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.\n \n Mediastinum: There is unchanged cardiomegaly and enlargement of hilar vessels.\n \n Bony thorax: No interval change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18995174/s53899162/5e1aaa37-610ad161-31196977-6372fe64-7839ecd2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93a336d6-68841569-5a556e25-5cdd1c1d-e7ff3c36", "study_id": 56020208, "subject_id": 16140962, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n \n Initial findings were conveyed to Dr. ___ ___ telephone at approximately 11:00\n on ___ immediately following discovery. Findings: No focal consolidation, effusion or pulmonary edema is seen. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The dextroscoliosis is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16140962/s56020208/93a336d6-68841569-5a556e25-5cdd1c1d-e7ff3c36.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08e7090a-c26e8cfa-9edfceca-e4396a6e-a9af0c66", "study_id": 54186891, "subject_id": 18568518, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no evidence of\n post-procedure pneumothorax. The area of increased opacification in the right\n upper zone is somewhat more prominent, raising the possibility of some\n bleeding related to the procedure. Otherwise, little overall change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18568518/s54186891/08e7090a-c26e8cfa-9edfceca-e4396a6e-a9af0c66.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "302c7b51-4f690a93-d287a21b-2e249527-0ca8d21d", "study_id": 53505630, "subject_id": 19777120, "report": "impression: 1. Small right apical pneumothorax is noted.\n 2. Bilateral linear atelectasis in the lower lungs. Findings: Since ___, bilateral chest tubes have been removed. Linear atelectasis\n is noted in the bilateral lower lungs following wedge resections. A small\n right apical pneumothorax is noted. No pleural effusions are seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n \n An epidural is seen on the left.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19777120/s53505630/302c7b51-4f690a93-d287a21b-2e249527-0ca8d21d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11f2c1c0-d0cb8a73-f2478623-2cfc8ce5-93e70146", "study_id": 57751918, "subject_id": 18257244, "report": "impression: The Dobhoff tube terminates in the distal stomach. Radiograph otherwise\n unchanged with persistent, small, left pleural effusion. Findings: In comparison to the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, a Dobhoff tube has\n advanced minimally into the distal stomach. Small left pleural effusion and\n mild cardiomegaly are unchanged. No pulmonary vascular congestion or pulmonary\n edema. Lungs are otherwise fully expanded and clear without focal\n consolidations. Margin of the left breast implant is calcified. Increased\n density over the right chest likely reflects right breast implant without a\n calcified margin.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18257244/s57751918/11f2c1c0-d0cb8a73-f2478623-2cfc8ce5-93e70146.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39bae9a0-c9508c88-8dea1d9a-0cc9de42-f22f546b", "study_id": 54372235, "subject_id": 18632748, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Sternotomy wires and\n aortic valve are noted. Clips are seen within the upper abdomen.\n \n No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Cardiac\n silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. The\n hilar structures and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18632748/s54372235/39bae9a0-c9508c88-8dea1d9a-0cc9de42-f22f546b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23e87bfe-a23431f9-2484ae7d-cadf0479-53e4d038", "study_id": 54474319, "subject_id": 13090958, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13090958/s54474319/23e87bfe-a23431f9-2484ae7d-cadf0479-53e4d038.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92d3f655-61640433-0ed055a8-53cb2241-8e8984a5", "study_id": 53174635, "subject_id": 19182562, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The\n lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are\n normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19182562/s53174635/92d3f655-61640433-0ed055a8-53cb2241-8e8984a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70f4eaf4-8b9d400a-03a465ef-4e196c0b-d64396b0", "study_id": 55669499, "subject_id": 18709565, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Linear opacities in the lingula are\n compatible with subsegmental atelectasis. Remainder of the lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute\n osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18709565/s55669499/70f4eaf4-8b9d400a-03a465ef-4e196c0b-d64396b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91e32e86-4eb7ec56-5cef08ff-a10fda8a-d8a2a112", "study_id": 53450895, "subject_id": 15040921, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs appear clear bilaterally without focal consolidation,\n effusion or pneumothorax. The bony structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15040921/s53450895/91e32e86-4eb7ec56-5cef08ff-a10fda8a-d8a2a112.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e403f6ed-bc561f79-437da181-4981f0fd-911f3435", "study_id": 52917549, "subject_id": 14820219, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Slight right\n hilar prominence is seen in the region of the previously seen underlying mass.\n However, CT is better in evaluation for interval change. Perifissural\n thickening/scarring along the right minor fissure is again seen. There is\n evidence of fluid tracking along the right major fissure on the lateral view. \n There is blunting of the right costophrenic angle consistent with a small\n pleural effusion. The left lung is clear, however, the patient has multiple\n known pulmonary nodules seen on prior CT and CT is more sensitive in the\n evaluation of such. No pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14820219/s52917549/e403f6ed-bc561f79-437da181-4981f0fd-911f3435.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41abf70f-d262b0a4-09a795fc-d745fffa-62f667a1", "study_id": 58811929, "subject_id": 15384957, "report": "impression: Suboptimal lateral views due to patient motion. Given this, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lateral views are suboptimal due to patient motion. Given this, there are\n low lung volumes. No definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15384957/s58811929/41abf70f-d262b0a4-09a795fc-d745fffa-62f667a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3b16833-70ccd28d-8a2f4e8e-44ae5bf1-50ba80ec", "study_id": 59454862, "subject_id": 19375822, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube tip is in standard position. Otherwise, little\n change in comparison to prior study from earlier today. Findings: There is a new endotracheal tube with the tip in mid trachea,\n approximately 4.4 cm from the carina. Subclavian PICC line is again\n visualized, but the tip is at the junction of the brachiocephalic vein and\n superior vena cava.\n \n Again visualized is a moderate layering left pleural effusion as well as a\n small right pleural effusion. Left basilar atelectasis appears unchanged. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise unremarkable. There is no\n evidence of new consolidations, effusions, or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19375822/s59454862/d3b16833-70ccd28d-8a2f4e8e-44ae5bf1-50ba80ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb7eac51-334c144d-89ef5d59-18aaa197-488fae66", "study_id": 57278860, "subject_id": 14666939, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded with mild left lower lobe atelectasis. No focal\n opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal\n contour, and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14666939/s57278860/bb7eac51-334c144d-89ef5d59-18aaa197-488fae66.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7f00ea5-aadc5d21-a3d671fe-15862997-1208adfe", "study_id": 52823229, "subject_id": 15333205, "report": "impression: Unremarkable chest radiographic examination. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15333205/s52823229/f7f00ea5-aadc5d21-a3d671fe-15862997-1208adfe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1315418c-a6d32d75-1b7d435e-44bf57c3-25e50c8c", "study_id": 58825985, "subject_id": 18523218, "report": "Endotracheal tube is 3.9 cm above the\n carina. Enteric tube is in within the stomach. A right internal jugular\n catheter terminates in the right atrium. The right upper extremity PICC is\n again seen within the ipsilateral internal jugular vein, directed cephalad. \n Right pigtail chest tube is unchanged. \n \n There has been further opacification of the left lung which is thought to\n reflect further atelectasis with superimposed pneumonia and aspiration. Right\n parenchymal opacities are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.\n \n The findings of the malpositioned right upper extremity PICC were discussed\n previously with ___ by Dr. ___ at 12:12 on ___.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18523218/s58825985/1315418c-a6d32d75-1b7d435e-44bf57c3-25e50c8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3996003e-4a2e6c63-5816c6fd-b5af353a-1672f9ce", "study_id": 55372401, "subject_id": 11532808, "report": "Again, bibasilar opacities are noted consistent with atelectasis. \n No obvious pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No gross change from the\n prior study.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11532808/s55372401/3996003e-4a2e6c63-5816c6fd-b5af353a-1672f9ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9fd09955-f7064ee0-ecdfbfb5-59e264bd-9d31581b", "study_id": 52980501, "subject_id": 15540412, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly, edema and bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The heart is enlarged, and there is moderate pulmonary edema. There is a\n moderate right and small left pleural effusion. A right Port-A-Cath\n terminates in the proximal right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15540412/s52980501/9fd09955-f7064ee0-ecdfbfb5-59e264bd-9d31581b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e06ba12-e8d08475-8c1d0c84-418ec2d3-3b1701ce", "study_id": 52443267, "subject_id": 14569206, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is prominence of the ascending\n aorta, unchanged from prior examinations. Linear opacity at the left lung\n base has resolved. There are no new focal consolidations. Previously\n identified ___ mm left lung base nodular opacity is no longer identified, likely\n obscured by the nipple marker, suggesting it most likely represented a nipple\n shadow. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Osseous structures\n are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14569206/s52443267/6e06ba12-e8d08475-8c1d0c84-418ec2d3-3b1701ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70b77e25-9fc18992-9956bfda-ad147e33-91088581", "study_id": 51939604, "subject_id": 15279159, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval change. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Degenerative changes are seen along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15279159/s51939604/70b77e25-9fc18992-9956bfda-ad147e33-91088581.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dc8362f-d066c903-ed40408e-671187a4-6297c9a6", "study_id": 56117832, "subject_id": 16508573, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is a linear area of atelectasis in the left lung base. There\n is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There is mild\n cardiomegaly. The hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16508573/s56117832/4dc8362f-d066c903-ed40408e-671187a4-6297c9a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca499e74-20d1c642-b8104490-3b8cfd13-535f4095", "study_id": 58674762, "subject_id": 16194986, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Short interval normalization of heart size raises question of either\n resolved pericardial effusion or resolved hypervolemia. Findings: Support Devices: None.\n \n The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. \n There has been interval normalization of the heart size. Particularly, the\n left heart border was previously convex and now has regained its normal\n straight to concave morphology. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.\n Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16194986/s58674762/ca499e74-20d1c642-b8104490-3b8cfd13-535f4095.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "907296c7-e59a55d0-404c86e6-a940b801-4fa14a1e", "study_id": 53576192, "subject_id": 11585485, "report": "impression: Moderate right pneumothorax. Marked decrease in right pleural effusion. \n Increased in right middle lobe atelectasis Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is is a stable. Right pleural effusion has markedly\n decreased now small. There is a right basal chest tube. Right pneumothorax\n is moderate. Right middle lobe atelectasis has worsened. Left central\n catheter tip is in the lower SVC", "image_path": [ "p11/p11585485/s53576192/907296c7-e59a55d0-404c86e6-a940b801-4fa14a1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e335d08e-5149b758-508bc836-24ff6505-8eeb4d28", "study_id": 57716749, "subject_id": 12693747, "report": "impression: Hyperexpanded lungs without acute process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. The lungs are mildly\n hyperexpanded but clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours. Calcified\n left hilar lymph node is noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12693747/s57716749/e335d08e-5149b758-508bc836-24ff6505-8eeb4d28.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44b5bda6-26cd3ce4-b4cd9ec7-7d8b90f3-93213d30", "study_id": 50375941, "subject_id": 12935838, "report": "impression: Right IJ TLC tip in the cavoatrial junction. Pulmonary edema\n persists. Evaluation limited due to low lung volumes. Findings: AP upright portable chest radiograph was provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted. The right IJ sheath has been removed and\n there is now a right IJ TLC with its tip at the level of the cavoatrial\n junction. Lung volumes are quite low, which limits the evaluation. There is\n probable mild pulmonary edema, though overall there has been no significant\n change. No large pneumothorax. Heart size cannot be assessed. Bony\n structures appear intact. There are likely small bilateral effusions,\n unchanged. There are clips in the left axilla and left upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12935838/s50375941/44b5bda6-26cd3ce4-b4cd9ec7-7d8b90f3-93213d30.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8fb50fd-2ccb4c43-66724d09-19d808c0-edda1fce", "study_id": 50991604, "subject_id": 14508231, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hardware from\n prior cervical fixation is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14508231/s50991604/e8fb50fd-2ccb4c43-66724d09-19d808c0-edda1fce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a80c74d-56fd864c-9588accb-55e3b783-58d8adf4", "study_id": 55797065, "subject_id": 17419105, "report": "impression: Worsening consolidation right upper zone. Persistent consolidation right an\n left base. Suspect mild CHF. Small left and question small right effusion. Findings: Compared with the prior study, right upper zone opacity has increased, with\n more confluent opacification and air bronchograms. This could be somewhat\n accentuated by differences in technique, but nonetheless, appears increased.\n \n Consolidation at the right base and in the retrocardiac regions persists.\n \n There is minimal upper zone redistribution and likely some vascular plethora. \n There is a small left effusion. The possibility small right effusion cannot\n be excluded.\n \n NG tube present, tip extending beneath diaphragm, off film.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17419105/s55797065/3a80c74d-56fd864c-9588accb-55e3b783-58d8adf4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b7c5532-5c634f83-ea4f4069-7163613a-334a8c49", "study_id": 59120229, "subject_id": 12970079, "report": "impression: Status post interval placement of left subclavian central venous\n catheter with tip terminating in the superior vena cava. Interval retraction\n of endotracheal tube. Suspicion for developing medial left basilar opacity,\n for which further attention in follow-up imaging is recommended. Findings: An endotracheal tube has been retracted slightly and now resides\n approximately 5 cm above the carina. There is a new left subclavian central\n venous catheter that terminates in the upper superior vena cava. An\n orogastric tube again courses through the mediastinum into the left upper\n quadrant. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Vague left mid lung opacity\n suspected on the prior study is less distinct, but there may be a developing\n retrocardiac opacity at the medial left lung base, where opacity appears\n somewhat denser. Patchy right basilar opacity is likely due to minor\n atelectasis and appears unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12970079/s59120229/2b7c5532-5c634f83-ea4f4069-7163613a-334a8c49.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02e8259b-5d4699a9-df9c9d53-e2692e76-30c8d24c", "study_id": 51609189, "subject_id": 14169207, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left-sided AICD/pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the right\n atrium and right ventricle. The patient is status post median sternotomy and\n CABG. The heart size is top normal. The aorta is tortuous. Lungs are clear\n and the pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes are seen within the thoracic spine.\n An aortic graft is partially imaged on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14169207/s51609189/02e8259b-5d4699a9-df9c9d53-e2692e76-30c8d24c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39a639ab-e14cfa25-02a41ab7-71c22f4b-4a11ae04", "study_id": 50838718, "subject_id": 11266247, "report": "impression: New right middle lobe consolidation representing pneumonia. Findings: There is right middle lobe consolidation. The left lung is clear. Heart size\n is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11266247/s50838718/39a639ab-e14cfa25-02a41ab7-71c22f4b-4a11ae04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f0a640d-02ea2021-dab6bd81-89641039-5b9e3339", "study_id": 54338307, "subject_id": 18027458, "report": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Heart size is\n normal. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18027458/s54338307/5f0a640d-02ea2021-dab6bd81-89641039-5b9e3339.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d28063d-44789cf3-9db46e8e-6f6f3e0f-ba286751", "study_id": 54687293, "subject_id": 17899681, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear.\n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. The osseous and soft tissue structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17899681/s54687293/4d28063d-44789cf3-9db46e8e-6f6f3e0f-ba286751.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79786adf-0af05af2-36ced888-36a9884c-ddbe6f89", "study_id": 50994106, "subject_id": 16413192, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Mediastinal contours, hila, and\n cardiac borders are normal. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16413192/s50994106/79786adf-0af05af2-36ced888-36a9884c-ddbe6f89.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d07deb29-f59abe7c-dff5ef9a-c0687b17-9cdcb2e9", "study_id": 55925471, "subject_id": 19017919, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube, right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter, left basilar\n chest tube, mediastinal drains, and nasogastric tube are unchanged in\n position. Stable postoperative cardiac and mediastinal contours status post\n median sternotomy with aortic valve replacement. Interval decrease in\n pulmonary edema with residual mild edema. Persistent retrocardiac opacity\n which may reflect lower lobe atelectasis in the setting of a layering\n effusion. No obvious pneumothorax. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 12:41 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19017919/s55925471/d07deb29-f59abe7c-dff5ef9a-c0687b17-9cdcb2e9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bdd4394-82e7ce92-37adb401-c40b3f18-208093ae", "study_id": 55239036, "subject_id": 18042237, "report": "impression: New right basilar aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: The endotracheal tube terminates in the mid trachea. A nasogastric tube enters\n the stomach, tip not visualized. Increased airspace opacification at the\n right base is worrisome for new aspiration or pneumonia. Left basilar linear\n atelectasis is also present. There is no pneumothorax. The heart and\n mediastinum are within normal limits despite the projection.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18042237/s55239036/0bdd4394-82e7ce92-37adb401-c40b3f18-208093ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68363a60-f00a1a9a-c710eede-e92e2b4c-0f9e5601", "study_id": 56010454, "subject_id": 11228986, "report": "impression: Unchanged multifocal opacities likely represent an infectious process rather\n than heart failure. Unchanged position of left PICC line. Findings: Multifocal parenchymal airspace opacities are not significantly changed\n compared to prior study but have progressed since ___. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The pleural surfaces are\n normal. The left PICC line still terminates near the brachiocephalic/ SVC\n junction and is unchanged. The right pacemaker is intact with leads\n terminating in the appropriate positions. Stable multiple healed left-sided\n rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11228986/s56010454/68363a60-f00a1a9a-c710eede-e92e2b4c-0f9e5601.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17ed6066-08b78220-fcf3a86e-7634cf3d-916f696f", "study_id": 56094726, "subject_id": 14021217, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes remain low leading to crowding of the bronchovascular structures.\n There has been no significant interval change as compared to the prior\n examination. No lobar consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or frank\n pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14021217/s56094726/17ed6066-08b78220-fcf3a86e-7634cf3d-916f696f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e175146-3f5a0019-ca974fde-c95a5aa4-c55e0981", "study_id": 50384753, "subject_id": 18120578, "report": "impression: No evidence of focal pneumonia. Findings: As compared to the prior examination there has been no relevant interval\n change. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle may represent chronic\n pleural thickening or a tiny effusion. There is no evidence of focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18120578/s50384753/4e175146-3f5a0019-ca974fde-c95a5aa4-c55e0981.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5098e562-182a85a1-c44b9d77-cab991a0-6644525d", "study_id": 54515547, "subject_id": 17540269, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17540269/s54515547/5098e562-182a85a1-c44b9d77-cab991a0-6644525d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c44d97d7-d7a7bc60-5c803d1a-3bc7ba72-424d9488", "study_id": 56732299, "subject_id": 10380616, "report": "impression: 1. Increased opacity in the right upper zone with elevation of the right minor\n fissure is compatible with right upper lobe atelectasis.\n 2. Small right effusion and right base atelectasis is overall similar to the\n prior film. Retrocardiac opacity has improved.\n 3. Mild vascular plethora may be more pronounced. Findings: Compared with ___ at 10:06, there is now elevation of the right minor\n fissure, with increased opacity in the right upper zone. A small right\n effusion and minimal atelectasis at the right base is again seen. There is\n minimal opacity at the left lung base, improved, and possible minimal left\n pleural effusion. Mild vascular plethora may be more pronounced.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10380616/s56732299/c44d97d7-d7a7bc60-5c803d1a-3bc7ba72-424d9488.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d9d8787-d7d13ab1-fe722d1c-e7a7b3cf-581e1217", "study_id": 53767756, "subject_id": 17363674, "report": "impression: Interval increase in the large left pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. Findings: Left loculated pleural effusion has slightly increased since the prior\n examination. There is also increasing atelectasis. Left clavicular fractures\n stable. The left lung remains clear. The right-sided port is in similar\n position.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17363674/s53767756/0d9d8787-d7d13ab1-fe722d1c-e7a7b3cf-581e1217.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d7410fe-38f28c4e-4ad64c6d-38ec4883-afb9400f", "study_id": 56123825, "subject_id": 19230933, "report": "impression: Persistence of right pneumothorax with slight decrease in size or\n redistribution. Findings: Bedside AP radiograph of the chest demonstrates interval removal of\n the small pleural catheter. There remains a substantial pneumothorax,\n particularly in the upper right hemithorax, although some of the air in the\n middle and lower hemithorax has been replaced, likely by fluid. The near\n total opacification of the right hemithorax and extensive opacities in the\n left lung are a result of extensive tumor infiltration and unchanged. Mild\n rightward tracheal shift is unchanged. There is no left-sided pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19230933/s56123825/5d7410fe-38f28c4e-4ad64c6d-38ec4883-afb9400f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7945fded-6ca9768b-e3d3d7e6-1e51fcff-db01feb0", "study_id": 52495824, "subject_id": 10122589, "report": "impression: Improved aeration of the lungs, findings compatible with\n resolving right lower lung aspiration. Findings: A right approach PICC terminates\n in the low SVC. Overall aeration of the lungs is significantly improved\n compared to most recent prior examination. There is decreased density of the\n right lung consistent with resolving aspiration. Subtle opacity within the\n left base may be related to additional areas of aspiration or atelectasis. \n There is no pneumothorax. Mild enlargement of cardiomediastinal contours is\n unchanged. A calcified right pleural plaque at the lung base is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10122589/s52495824/7945fded-6ca9768b-e3d3d7e6-1e51fcff-db01feb0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9841a17-a89c1d4b-46e4edcb-517ee0eb-9bade912", "study_id": 55998283, "subject_id": 16821077, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lung volumes are low. Lungs are grossly\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16821077/s55998283/f9841a17-a89c1d4b-46e4edcb-517ee0eb-9bade912.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "987fd17b-a0b9b9d2-d2d36e73-aec4d78f-daed4d7e", "study_id": 54078825, "subject_id": 15792067, "report": "impression: Limited examination. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The frontal view is extremely rotated to the left, with complete\n projection of the mediastinum over the left lung, which limits assessment. \n The expanded right lung is unremarkable. Assessment in the lateral view is\n also limited due to superimposition of the arms, but allowing for technical\n limitations, there is no spine sign, pleural effusion, or abnormality in the\n anterior mediastinum. No pneumothorax is identified. Artifacts from external\n hair devices are again seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15792067/s54078825/987fd17b-a0b9b9d2-d2d36e73-aec4d78f-daed4d7e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a0f986d-8f95cc2f-a2cd7e84-bcdee024-2cd855d6", "study_id": 51295933, "subject_id": 17551672, "report": "impression: 1. Right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. No effusion.\n \n Results were discussed with ___ ___ at 2:00 p.m. on ___ via\n telephone by Dr. ___. Findings: A heterogeneous opacity is present in the right lower lobe\n consistent with a pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion, edema, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17551672/s51295933/6a0f986d-8f95cc2f-a2cd7e84-bcdee024-2cd855d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7537f04a-5a7a4974-620ab041-ab8240f4-5a67888a", "study_id": 50014382, "subject_id": 18098956, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of\n gross bony abnormality on these non-dedicated views. Further dedicated\n osseous radiography can be considered for full evaluation. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. There\n is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia or pulmonary edema.\n \n An overall limited evaluation of the bony structures due to technique is\n negative for acute pathology. Degenerative changes are seen at bilateral\n glenohumeral joints with probable loss of the normal joint space.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18098956/s50014382/7537f04a-5a7a4974-620ab041-ab8240f4-5a67888a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c085135c-7541cf88-d466fdca-98fd16b0-faedb3d3", "study_id": 59171581, "subject_id": 14296529, "report": "The lung volumes are low, resulting in\n crowding of the bronchovascular structures. Bibasilar streaky opacities are\n likely atelectasis, although pneumonia could be considered in the correct\n clinical scenario.\n \n The low lung volumes prohibit evaluation of heart size. Further apparent\n widening of the mediastinum may be artifactual. However, if there is concern\n for aortic pathology, a CT of the chest would be recommended.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14296529/s59171581/c085135c-7541cf88-d466fdca-98fd16b0-faedb3d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "017e17ec-c18f0e25-5cddf97a-312faa82-6ced39ba", "study_id": 55233692, "subject_id": 19455775, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n Lines and tubes have all been removed. Median sternotomy wires are present. \n There is no focal consolidation, pulmonary edema, or pneumothoraces. There is\n a small left-sided pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19455775/s55233692/017e17ec-c18f0e25-5cddf97a-312faa82-6ced39ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3ee41bb-ddc2d978-c0be712e-7cbc105f-488cc8ae", "study_id": 54880920, "subject_id": 14280191, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: No focal consolidation, edema, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart is normal\n in size. The mediastinum is not widened. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14280191/s54880920/f3ee41bb-ddc2d978-c0be712e-7cbc105f-488cc8ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96e35b95-e49cff12-3c76b501-761dcaa8-a9c6e74b", "study_id": 58927336, "subject_id": 15299171, "report": "impression: Multifocal pneumonia, most notable in the superior segment left\n lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. There are\n scattered poorly defined opacities most notable in the left infrahilar region\n compatible with multifocal pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n The heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. Imaged bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15299171/s58927336/96e35b95-e49cff12-3c76b501-761dcaa8-a9c6e74b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a7225e7-549c713d-e36dc7f9-be340c63-e8755a68", "study_id": 55552074, "subject_id": 18432165, "report": "impression: Increasing pleural effusions and lower lobe consolidations concerning for\n atelectasis versus pneumonia. Mild edema appears new. Large hiatal hernia\n again seen. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. This patient is known to\n have a large hiatal hernia which can be seen on this radiograph with\n gas-filled loops of colon in the retrocardiac space. Bilateral pleural\n effusions and lower lobe atelectasis versus pneumonia appear slightly\n progressed from prior. Upper lungs remain well aerated. There is likely a\n component of mild pulmonary edema. Heart size is difficult to assess. Bony\n structures appear intact. A catheter projects over the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18432165/s55552074/3a7225e7-549c713d-e36dc7f9-be340c63-e8755a68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdcda003-174e130e-aafa93e3-21ee6798-5fdbbd15", "study_id": 53581523, "subject_id": 19398915, "report": "impression: Improving multifocal parenchymal opacities suggesting resolving\n pneumonia, but increasing dense opacification of the right lower hemithorax\n suggesting a combination of pleural effusion with atelectasis or potentially\n pneumonia. Findings: The heart appears mild to moderately enlarged. Heterogeneous\n opacification of the left lung appears markedly improved. Similarly, there\n has been improvement in opacities in the right mid-to-upper lung, probably\n including substantial improvement in the superior segment of the right lower\n lobe. Patchy opacity layering along the minor fissure suggests atelectasis. \n A pigtail catheter has been removed. There is recurrent opacification of the\n right lower hemithorax, probably reflecting pleural effusion, most likely\n moderate in size but difficult to quantify, as well as increasingly dense\n opacification of the right middle lobe suggesting atelectasis or\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19398915/s53581523/bdcda003-174e130e-aafa93e3-21ee6798-5fdbbd15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c62d01c-c0eec8db-4074b24c-a02b0071-2c1b6b7d", "study_id": 56341822, "subject_id": 10578325, "report": "impression: Suboptimal study without evidence for acute process. Findings: Lung volumes are low, exaggerating heart size and pulmonary\n vasculature. Patient body habitus causes some underpenetration. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is detected on this limited\n single view.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10578325/s56341822/3c62d01c-c0eec8db-4074b24c-a02b0071-2c1b6b7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abca0e0d-59fcbf69-9e14fd11-8296ef2b-a583dc23", "study_id": 53258974, "subject_id": 17527944, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. No displaced rib fractures. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fractures are evident. If\n there is high concern for rib fracture, a dedicated rib series can be obtained\n with a marker placed at the site of maximum tenderness.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17527944/s53258974/abca0e0d-59fcbf69-9e14fd11-8296ef2b-a583dc23.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81b1eaaa-f7a6a725-7fd17efa-1218a434-38c022b1", "study_id": 55345647, "subject_id": 16514153, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Chronic mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and mitral valve\n replacement. Cardiac silhouette size is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. There is mild upper zone vascular\n redistribution, as seen previously without overt pulmonary edema. Lung\n volumes remain low. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is present. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16514153/s55345647/81b1eaaa-f7a6a725-7fd17efa-1218a434-38c022b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb28c10a-670f9957-a32e05f2-fa9efd23-cc73fb26", "study_id": 52997719, "subject_id": 17828566, "report": "impression: Mild peribronchial cuffing may be related to chronic\n inflammation. Otherwise, no pneumonia or other acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes. \n The heart is normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are unremarkable. \n There is no pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax or focal\n consolidation. Mild peribronchial cuffing is noted, particularly on the\n right.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17828566/s52997719/fb28c10a-670f9957-a32e05f2-fa9efd23-cc73fb26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01dbf925-5835772f-0b7e0441-3ab954b2-9bbf415b", "study_id": 56674227, "subject_id": 13206237, "report": "Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate low lung volumes\n with blunting of the costophrenic sulci, showing small effusions. The heart\n size is normal. The cardiac, hilar, and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13206237/s56674227/01dbf925-5835772f-0b7e0441-3ab954b2-9bbf415b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df6407dc-7e460727-568a0a3b-e2ddb5fb-9a59834d", "study_id": 53703069, "subject_id": 19046107, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the endotracheal tube has\n been slightly advanced. The tube now projects 2.6 cm above the carina. The\n opacities in the right lung apex have decreased in extent, but the basal\n opacities, in part aggravated by the bilateral pleural effusions, are still\n seen in almost unchanged manner. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19046107/s53703069/df6407dc-7e460727-568a0a3b-e2ddb5fb-9a59834d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c1ad868c-e9e16a1f-571754fe-ec27d7bd-b4e92596", "study_id": 58011974, "subject_id": 12480139, "report": "impression: 1. Enlarged pulmonary arteries, consistent with known pulmonary emboli. \n 2. Right middle lobe consolidation, which may represent pulmonary infarct,\n pneumonia, or hemorrhage. Differential diagnosis also includes malignancy. \n Follow up chest radiograph is recommended after treatment to ensure\n resolution. \n \n Preliminary findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n by phone at the time of patient's admission. Updated impression and\n recommendation were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by phone at\n 8:16 a.m. on ___ after attending radiologist review. Findings: There is enlargement of the pulmonary arteries bilaterally,\n consistent with known pulmonary emboli. There is consolidation in the medial\n right middle lobe. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Heart size\n is top normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12480139/s58011974/c1ad868c-e9e16a1f-571754fe-ec27d7bd-b4e92596.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78acf057-5fd2ee6a-57aff9db-8f45dee0-a40a028d", "study_id": 53006198, "subject_id": 10534984, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of a small right pleural effusion. Normal chest\n radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. There has been interval resolution of a small right pleural\n effusion. No focal opacity or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10534984/s53006198/78acf057-5fd2ee6a-57aff9db-8f45dee0-a40a028d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47a5f50f-d5e92e03-c025a809-12af80e0-4557aa8c", "study_id": 50657642, "subject_id": 17634156, "report": "impression: Unremarkable appearance of the chest. Findings: Right-sided port tip terminates in the mid SVC. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17634156/s50657642/47a5f50f-d5e92e03-c025a809-12af80e0-4557aa8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6ea426a-c5952c0a-7dcc434e-df7fa6c7-b364a9da", "study_id": 53038491, "subject_id": 10538657, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Pacemaker/AICD leads intact and in\n standard position.\n 2. No pulmonary edema or consolidation. Findings: An AICD/pacemaker generator overlies the\n left chest wall. The leads appear intact and terminate in the expected\n locations of the right and left ventricles. The lungs are clear. There is no\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no vascular congestion or\n pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n Moderate cardiomegaly, with disproportional enlargement of the right heart, is\n unchanged from prior.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10538657/s53038491/d6ea426a-c5952c0a-7dcc434e-df7fa6c7-b364a9da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac8cd621-87a136cc-ee59a384-d1011993-d57b99d1", "study_id": 50116355, "subject_id": 11648387, "report": "impression: Unchanged right basilar opacity. No new opacity concerning for pneumonia. Findings: A right basilar opacities unchanged common due to underlying calcified\n granulomas in bronchiectasis. Fat pad noted at the right cardiophrenic angle.\n No new focal opacity concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11648387/s50116355/ac8cd621-87a136cc-ee59a384-d1011993-d57b99d1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a8f2847-33552853-6d9deb65-a59c3947-3cbde055", "study_id": 52684039, "subject_id": 18289964, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is mild relative elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm, similar to the prior study. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18289964/s52684039/3a8f2847-33552853-6d9deb65-a59c3947-3cbde055.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e541ceb-f90d6d8c-ea26dea4-aac028b2-f15a1ef1", "study_id": 50279701, "subject_id": 12641071, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of a fracture.\n 2. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n Vertebral body height is maintained. No fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12641071/s50279701/5e541ceb-f90d6d8c-ea26dea4-aac028b2-f15a1ef1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0680fd87-ccee3fcb-a6136b01-b5a36192-edf72422", "study_id": 52811190, "subject_id": 18935324, "report": "impression: Interval decrease in lung volumes, which may relate to worsening appearance of\n the bibasal aspiration pneumonia\n \n NG tube needs be advanced at least 5 cm. Findings: As compared to ___ there is decreasing lung volume with possible\n in the bibasal airspace opacities. There is likely a small left pleural\n effusion. No pneumothorax. No interstitial edema. The heart is mildly\n enlarged. Support devices remain in similar position of the NG first port in\n the cardia of the stomach.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18935324/s52811190/0680fd87-ccee3fcb-a6136b01-b5a36192-edf72422.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81ce7906-8d25744b-f80db9fa-162b9756-76c75fba", "study_id": 51347306, "subject_id": 13537167, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. Specifically, there is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13537167/s51347306/81ce7906-8d25744b-f80db9fa-162b9756-76c75fba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70a3ea35-ddf976d7-cbc342af-9ca07424-9fe8dd72", "study_id": 58494750, "subject_id": 10996711, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph demonstrates no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal. The cardiac,\n hilar, and mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10996711/s58494750/70a3ea35-ddf976d7-cbc342af-9ca07424-9fe8dd72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67ead028-7a310cdc-d80b67f3-810e70f7-a7836bfb", "study_id": 59067081, "subject_id": 15063680, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax is present. The heart size is\n normal. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15063680/s59067081/67ead028-7a310cdc-d80b67f3-810e70f7-a7836bfb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d137890a-1921ffaa-b9675743-39dc7763-231baeb3", "study_id": 57317351, "subject_id": 17339071, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no vascular congestion or pleural\n effusions. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n heart size is top normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17339071/s57317351/d137890a-1921ffaa-b9675743-39dc7763-231baeb3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7923a44-f8a55bfa-d7b8046f-b629519e-f462f658", "study_id": 52030498, "subject_id": 16344412, "report": "impression: No pulmonary edema. Findings: A tracheostomy tube is appropriately positioned. \n A right approach PICC terminates at the mid SVC. The heart size is normal. \n The hilar and mediastinal contours remain within normal limits. Bilateral\n diffuse reticulonodular interstitial opacities are unchanged. There is no\n superimposed consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16344412/s52030498/b7923a44-f8a55bfa-d7b8046f-b629519e-f462f658.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1af27be2-29a8f65a-0e10349b-da4ae234-4bfa8b10", "study_id": 55716785, "subject_id": 14121707, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia Findings: The cardiac silhouette is in the range of normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n silhouettes are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusions, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14121707/s55716785/1af27be2-29a8f65a-0e10349b-da4ae234-4bfa8b10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8b0b975-37b190c9-991c0542-e17d6431-09eaebb9", "study_id": 54700358, "subject_id": 18799265, "report": "impression: Bibasilar linear opacities likely reflecting subsegmental atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Linear opacities in both lung bases likely reflect subsegmental\n atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18799265/s54700358/c8b0b975-37b190c9-991c0542-e17d6431-09eaebb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df206a21-f1c46e95-4a28f53c-ca08256e-7242839a", "study_id": 59663957, "subject_id": 16335352, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, again some\n narrowing of the trachea projected just above the level of the clavicles. \n Again, this could reflect post-intubation edema following extubation or\n intrinsic stenosis. Otherwise, little change.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16335352/s59663957/df206a21-f1c46e95-4a28f53c-ca08256e-7242839a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8564cad6-e07213c7-2a326402-5ee9c1f1-38a9ad21", "study_id": 51805047, "subject_id": 16540289, "report": "impression: Moderate right and small left pleural effusions, improved since\n prior imaging. Findings: PA, lateral, right lateral decubitus, and left lateral decubitus\n images of the chest demonstrate moderate right pleural effusion and small left\n pleural effusion which are seen layering in the decubitus images. Atelectasis\n and pleural effusions have improved since prior imaging. Cardiac silhouette\n is partially obscured by the pleural effusions, limiting evaluation of the\n cardiac size. Mediastinum is unchanged. There is no evidence of focal\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16540289/s51805047/8564cad6-e07213c7-2a326402-5ee9c1f1-38a9ad21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32334f7a-86348329-44298472-9a8ae55a-7de120d5", "study_id": 57481441, "subject_id": 17339556, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. The lungs\n are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no free\n air below the diaphragm.\n \n Again seen is dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17339556/s57481441/32334f7a-86348329-44298472-9a8ae55a-7de120d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "987017e8-979e933d-2f706442-a800a23a-f9138da2", "study_id": 52749146, "subject_id": 15400169, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15400169/s52749146/987017e8-979e933d-2f706442-a800a23a-f9138da2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9362d7c8-c4d3d46f-2c1a8805-c0165f94-23027799", "study_id": 57636294, "subject_id": 18148920, "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax. Right moderate pleural effusion slowly\n reaccumulating; pigtail pleural drainage catheter, unchanged in position may\n be clogged or isolated from the pleural space. Findings: Right moderate pleural effusion with pigtail in place is slowly\n reaccumulating. Left pleural effusion has significantly improved after\n thoracocentesis and is minimal. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac contour is\n severely enlarged and unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18148920/s57636294/9362d7c8-c4d3d46f-2c1a8805-c0165f94-23027799.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae1e339b-6f3165c8-ec44b3c3-23b994e2-7d0ff697", "study_id": 55373775, "subject_id": 14916430, "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity most likely reflective of atelectasis. Infection\n however is not completely excluded. Findings: Heart size remains moderately enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Minimal patchy\n opacity is seen within the left lung base, possibly reflective of atelectasis.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The osseous structures are\n diffusely demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14916430/s55373775/ae1e339b-6f3165c8-ec44b3c3-23b994e2-7d0ff697.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8356b4d2-97687720-4f48f26f-37bbdb3e-49d74b88", "study_id": 52911071, "subject_id": 11607453, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval, with increased size of\n moderate right pleural effusion and similar small left pleural effusion. \n Bibasilar compressive atelectasis. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is re- demonstrated with leads terminate in the\n right atrium right ventricle. Heart size is enlarged, but difficult to\n precisely determined given the presence of a moderate size right and small\n left bilateral pleural effusions. The right pleural effusion appears\n increased in size compared to the prior study. There is mild pulmonary edema,\n perhaps worse in the interval, with bibasilar opacities, likely compressive\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen. There are moderate degenerative changes noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11607453/s52911071/8356b4d2-97687720-4f48f26f-37bbdb3e-49d74b88.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7a12e58-32807e1d-65f5ef68-0a562a21-8855a40a", "study_id": 52067712, "subject_id": 19108524, "report": "impression: Normal chest x-ray. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest show normal lung volumes without\n consolidation or nodules. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19108524/s52067712/f7a12e58-32807e1d-65f5ef68-0a562a21-8855a40a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3464b55-4422d11b-bed0d687-92bdc44e-65488d15", "study_id": 50286615, "subject_id": 10378641, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting moderate pulmonary edema. If that\n interpretation is compatible with clinical findings then repeat radiographs\n are suggested after treatment in order to assess whether an additional\n pulmonary process such as aspiration or pneumonia may potentially coincide. Findings: The patient is status post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. \n There is persistent leftward shift of mediastinal structures, possibly with\n some volume loss in the left lung and similar patchy mid lung opacification. \n A calcified pleural plaque is also noted in the left hemithorax. Widespread\n opacification of the right mid-to-lower lung is new including interstitial\n changes including Kerley B lines identifiable at the right lung base. Small\n pleural effusions are difficult to exclude. Rightward convex spinal\n curvature is similar.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10378641/s50286615/c3464b55-4422d11b-bed0d687-92bdc44e-65488d15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b49b3fc9-52f8e4bd-80c265d0-fd4e3224-f516c536", "study_id": 51142171, "subject_id": 11028216, "report": "impression: Bilateral effusions equivocally getting worse. Left lower lobe opacity which\n could be atelectasis alone or combination of atelectasis and pneumonia. Findings: Moderate, bilateral pleural effusions are slightly larger . Left lower lobe\n opacity can atelectasis alone or a combination of atelectasis and pneumonia. \n P acer wires are unchanged in their expected locations. There is no pulmonary\n edema. No pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged as\n compared to previous examination.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11028216/s51142171/b49b3fc9-52f8e4bd-80c265d0-fd4e3224-f516c536.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3878335d-b8ba3b9f-f36f450a-8ad3c400-25bc3077", "study_id": 58689573, "subject_id": 16789678, "report": "impression: Unremarkable study. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette and\n mediastinal contours are within normal limits for technique. There are no\n concerning bone findings.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16789678/s58689573/3878335d-b8ba3b9f-f36f450a-8ad3c400-25bc3077.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73bc4e6f-2fd4d411-f01454e3-3c7dd750-46943f22", "study_id": 56899828, "subject_id": 14363579, "report": "impression: Bibasilar pulmonary opacities are accentuated by low lung volumes. Multifocal\n consolidation cannot be excluded. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Lung volumes are low. There\n are bibasilar interstitial pulmonary opacities. There is no effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14363579/s56899828/73bc4e6f-2fd4d411-f01454e3-3c7dd750-46943f22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85290b07-2e726b2b-4603bdb6-9b8f635a-cdabcc6c", "study_id": 57619820, "subject_id": 11349790, "report": "impression: Streaky lingular opacity suggesting atelectasis; otherwise\n unremarkable. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Streaky opacity in the lingula suggests minor atelectasis. Otherwise, the\n lungs appear clear. There is no evidence for bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11349790/s57619820/85290b07-2e726b2b-4603bdb6-9b8f635a-cdabcc6c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a319e17-50e8db67-c51d6af4-7c9decce-ceb4198b", "study_id": 55703696, "subject_id": 10794081, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10794081/s55703696/3a319e17-50e8db67-c51d6af4-7c9decce-ceb4198b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75062e1f-2279d517-da4db0c5-bb49c631-e772a220", "study_id": 53032371, "subject_id": 10613328, "report": "impression: Compared to prior study the effusion, infiltrate, and volume loss in the right\n are increased. Findings: There is moderate right-sided pleural effusion has increased compared to the\n study from 2 days prior. There is associated volume loss and infiltrate in\n the right lower lobe. There is mild pulmonary vascular redistribution. The\n left lung is relatively clear.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10613328/s53032371/75062e1f-2279d517-da4db0c5-bb49c631-e772a220.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d062b856-3d3e9cf7-995919de-f9649c3c-1bba439e", "study_id": 57685990, "subject_id": 14821269, "report": "impression: The mediastinum is not widened. No focal consolidation or pleural effusion. \n Possible mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement although findings may\n relate to low lung volumes. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular\n markings. Slight prominence of the central vasculature may relate to low lung\n volumes although mild central pulmonary vascular engorgement may be present. \n There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette\n is top-normal to mildly enlarged. The mediastinal contours are normal. The\n mediastinum is not widened.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14821269/s57685990/d062b856-3d3e9cf7-995919de-f9649c3c-1bba439e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ba2ac43-a887737d-f4809ee9-ef398077-88b8fe07", "study_id": 53489773, "subject_id": 13885223, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided pacer device is seen with leads extending to the expected positions\n of the right atrium and right ventricle. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13885223/s53489773/7ba2ac43-a887737d-f4809ee9-ef398077-88b8fe07.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5fc8265-2be2ab06-b0b482fd-bac6cf1c-5a388026", "study_id": 58542863, "subject_id": 10398981, "report": "impression: 1. Interval increase in the right basilar opacity, may represent pneumonia\n versus atelectasis\n 2. Interval slight increase in pulmonary vascular congestion and mild\n interstitial edema compared with prior. Bilateral pleural effusions are\n similar to prior.\n 3. An ET tube terminates approximately 6 cm above the diaphragm, and could be\n advanced 1-2 cm for more secure positioning.\n 4. Bibasilar atelectasis, similar to prior. Findings: Compared with chest radiograph on ___, a right basilar opacity is\n slightly worsened, and there has been interval slight increase in pulmonary\n vascular congestion and mild interstitial edema. There is continued bibasilar\n atelectasis and small to moderate bilateral pleural effusions, similar to\n prior. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is similar to prior.\n An endotracheal tube terminates approximately 6 cm above the carina. A left\n IJ central catheter terminates in the right atrium. A right-sided central\n catheter terminates in the low SVC. An enteric tube passes below the level of\n the diaphragm and terminates in the stomach. Again seen is high density\n contrast agent over the gastric fundus, may reflect prior sclerotherapy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10398981/s58542863/b5fc8265-2be2ab06-b0b482fd-bac6cf1c-5a388026.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9ece170-ec55b404-e945972a-a7fa43cc-219edd2f", "study_id": 51630054, "subject_id": 12961917, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion in the setting of elevated right\n hemidiaphragm which has been present on prior exams but is slightly more\n pronounced. If there is further concern for an underlying abnormality, chest\n CT can be considered. However, no evidence of pulmonary edema.\n \n Findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ by\n phone at 5:04 p.m. on ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. There is persistent elevation of\n the right hemidiaphragm which is more pronounced than on priors. Small right\n pleural effusion is new. However, there is no evidence of pulmonary edema. \n The heart size is normal. Again noted is the abnormal contour of the right\n apex which may represent fibrotic changes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12961917/s51630054/f9ece170-ec55b404-e945972a-a7fa43cc-219edd2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3445d271-b00d1de2-12c43e8c-152721dc-36758c31", "study_id": 52529004, "subject_id": 14654520, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged right upper lobe opacity consistent with known mass, and\n atelectasis in the right upper lobe.\n 2. No new focal lung consolidation. Findings: Again seen is a right upper lobe opacity consistent with partial right upper\n lobe loss of volume and known right mass. There is no evidence of focal lung\n consolidation elsewhere. The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable. The\n left hilum is unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14654520/s52529004/3445d271-b00d1de2-12c43e8c-152721dc-36758c31.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9ed74f2c-cb361522-1ca97f26-dbc75527-2c453803", "study_id": 59876310, "subject_id": 12458552, "report": "impression: Increase in right apical opacity and three new right upper lung\n opacities located inferiorly could be scarring, however, malignancy cannot be\n excluded. CT chest is recommended for clarification. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the\n prior studies. Previously noted biapical opacities have increased on the\n right and could represent scarring, however, pulmonary malignancy is not\n excluded. Located inferior to the right apical opacity, there are three new\n nodules, the largest measures 7 mm and projects over the right clavicle and\n the posterior right fourth rib. Unchanged mild hyperinflation of the lungs\n and flattening of the diaphragm suggests COPD. The heart size is normal and\n the aorta is tortuous but normal in caliber. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458552/s59876310/9ed74f2c-cb361522-1ca97f26-dbc75527-2c453803.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d73e8668-aa3c2497-119a84f5-8a9bf870-2367efcd", "study_id": 59255019, "subject_id": 19163650, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax or rib fracture. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Left transvenous pacemaker wire\n ends in the right ventricle. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. \n There is no evidence of rib fracture. No evidence of pneumonia. The cardiac,\n mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19163650/s59255019/d73e8668-aa3c2497-119a84f5-8a9bf870-2367efcd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9916e02c-e6cec8ba-65583e22-8ccdce23-4d813982", "study_id": 58524786, "subject_id": 12240747, "report": "AP single view of the chest obtained with patient in semi-upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study obtained\n one hour earlier.\n \n Line has now been advanced further, but apparently has entered the trachea and\n is now terminating in the left lower lobe bronchus. Contact was established\n with referring physician and line was withdrawn. There are no complications\n such as pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12240747/s58524786/9916e02c-e6cec8ba-65583e22-8ccdce23-4d813982.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6021516-9e1f7c35-f8b0b3a1-c2b7dd9f-32eeac80", "study_id": 51608517, "subject_id": 14251747, "report": "impression: Unchanged right middle lobe nodule. No pneumothorax. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. A roughly 2.5 cm\n right middle lobe nodule is unchanged from ___. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14251747/s51608517/f6021516-9e1f7c35-f8b0b3a1-c2b7dd9f-32eeac80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb433616-2150b0d6-9ac0b4ec-e146bba5-ee31a1b0", "study_id": 55935331, "subject_id": 19001200, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19001200/s55935331/eb433616-2150b0d6-9ac0b4ec-e146bba5-ee31a1b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "599c3d68-96395521-8e6e7c6e-0f6c64dd-3357b2aa", "study_id": 51248464, "subject_id": 14993854, "report": "impression: 1. Opacities centrally within the right lung and at the bilateral bases may\n represent atelectasis, however aspiration or pneumonia could be considered in\n the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n 2. Small left pleural effusion.\n \n 3. Right hilar fullness corresponds known right hilar soft tissue mass. Findings: Right hilar fullness corresponds to known right hilar soft tissue mass. Areas\n of opacity centrally within the right lung and at the bilateral bases may\n represent atelectasis, however aspiration or pneumonia could be considered in\n the appropriate clinical setting. Heart is top-normal in size. Blunting of\n the left costophrenic angle suggests a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14993854/s51248464/599c3d68-96395521-8e6e7c6e-0f6c64dd-3357b2aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ec3c460-24c8bc96-a84ac864-05a9060f-faf36067", "study_id": 50549027, "subject_id": 17147211, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. TIPS is partially visualized in the right\n upper quadrant. Soft tissues and osseous structures are otherwise\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17147211/s50549027/1ec3c460-24c8bc96-a84ac864-05a9060f-faf36067.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "151a758b-08e424b8-d2168b23-de224cbb-f13489ff", "study_id": 51674491, "subject_id": 13269859, "report": "impression: Stable mild cardiomegaly. No pneumonia. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly and mediastinal contours are stable. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No evidence of overt\n pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13269859/s51674491/151a758b-08e424b8-d2168b23-de224cbb-f13489ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6bfa2fd7-648cb3b0-ec4bb783-ab9ca916-4b06f641", "study_id": 53193377, "subject_id": 12245131, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12245131/s53193377/6bfa2fd7-648cb3b0-ec4bb783-ab9ca916-4b06f641.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2bb58d7-e42ff1f8-41e02c0d-542d30e3-1c5e9572", "study_id": 51152965, "subject_id": 13186935, "report": "impression: Little change and no acute abnormality. Findings: In comparison with the study of ___, little change. Again there\n is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette without vascular congestion or\n pleural effusion or acute focal pneumonia. Posterior right lower lobe coiling\n is again seen. Again noted is the deformity involving the left eighth rib.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13186935/s51152965/a2bb58d7-e42ff1f8-41e02c0d-542d30e3-1c5e9572.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec4cd4be-b4ea1984-30640c92-c5444a73-c728fb2d", "study_id": 50181049, "subject_id": 16024669, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation may be present, which was not\n present at the time of the CT of ___. Findings: Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again seen. An air bronchogram is\n seen behind the left heart. This has been present on prior chest x-rays. \n Size of the right effusion and collapsed right lower lobe is essentially\n unchanged since the prior chest x-ray. However, on today's film, there is\n suggestion of an air bronchogram on the left and consolidation in this region\n may be present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16024669/s50181049/ec4cd4be-b4ea1984-30640c92-c5444a73-c728fb2d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca5f8bfc-8880ee72-5056361f-e0bc5d6c-098c0dee", "study_id": 56207400, "subject_id": 12106911, "report": "impression: Stable post-pneumonectomy changes. Interval improvement in the extent of right\n chest wall subcutaneous emphysema. Findings: There is a large amount of fluid in the right hemithorax, with multiple\n air-fluid levels; this is not significantly changed in appearance compared to\n ___ and represents normal post-pneumonectomy changes. The left lung\n is essentially clear, without focal consolidations, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The left heart border appears normal. Mild calcification of the\n aortic arch. There is been interval improvement in the extent of the\n previously noted subcutaneous emphysema along the right chest wall. Other than\n the right ___ and 7th rib fractures which are likely post-surgical, there are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12106911/s56207400/ca5f8bfc-8880ee72-5056361f-e0bc5d6c-098c0dee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d831e099-24389570-f3c3c330-afce0272-d6f967a8", "study_id": 54826225, "subject_id": 10511537, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10511537/s54826225/d831e099-24389570-f3c3c330-afce0272-d6f967a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b770ed2a-ade37901-d5ed474b-e1aed839-4c1e6d38", "study_id": 55513554, "subject_id": 16044183, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Lytic bone lesion are better assessed on prior chest\n CTS. Findings: Internal jugular line ends at cavoatrial junction. There are no\n lung opacities concerning for pneumonia. The left lower lung atelectasis near\n the lateral costophrenic angle has been unchanged since ___, likely\n chronic atelectasis or parenchymal scarring. The expansile lytic lesion in\n posterior ninth rib is redemonstrated. This including other bony lytic lesion\n are better evaluated on prior CT studies.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16044183/s55513554/b770ed2a-ade37901-d5ed474b-e1aed839-4c1e6d38.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "276b8e57-70c350a7-fea6e531-a01cf4df-82628393", "study_id": 57962467, "subject_id": 17266996, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are continued low lung\n volumes with substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. However,\n there is a marked increase in pulmonary vascular congestion, consistent with\n the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17266996/s57962467/276b8e57-70c350a7-fea6e531-a01cf4df-82628393.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37f1b38f-a861ecd7-970f1db7-6fa65c09-e8e66535", "study_id": 59367468, "subject_id": 17682890, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate well-expanded and\n clear lungs. Heart is normal in size and cardiomediastinal contour is\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17682890/s59367468/37f1b38f-a861ecd7-970f1db7-6fa65c09-e8e66535.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "afcc9825-263bc820-867974ca-50df7485-01468386", "study_id": 50883673, "subject_id": 13869491, "report": "impression: Interval retraction of the right-sided dual-lumen central venous catheter by\n 7.5 cm, with tip now in the upper SVC. Findings: Since prior, the right-sided dual-lumen catheter has been retracted. The tip\n is now seen in the upper SVC, approximately 7.5 cm proximal from prior\n positioning. The lungs are essentially clear besides right basilar\n atelectasis. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13869491/s50883673/afcc9825-263bc820-867974ca-50df7485-01468386.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b118430-893649a3-4202c225-df1bcee3-e788b947", "study_id": 51144244, "subject_id": 11496910, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11496910/s51144244/2b118430-893649a3-4202c225-df1bcee3-e788b947.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2d7bd80b-16353d58-5c18531b-9d9d4520-f17917de", "study_id": 53452222, "subject_id": 14731711, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Supine portable radiograph is obtained. Endotracheal tube is\n satisfactorily positioned within the trachea. Examination was slightly\n limited by motion with bilateral atelectasis and low lung volumes. No\n pneumothorax is seen with exaggeration of heart and mediastinal size likely\n due to supine positioning. Old clavicular fracture is noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14731711/s53452222/2d7bd80b-16353d58-5c18531b-9d9d4520-f17917de.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d449a1dc-9332c5c9-e29099be-6011e501-dcb550eb", "study_id": 58221116, "subject_id": 11981441, "report": "impression: Slight blunting of the bilateral posterior costophrenic angles may be related\n to hyperinflation, pleural thickening, versus trace pleural effusions.\n \n Otherwise, no focal consolidation. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacer device is seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle.There is slight blunting of\n the bilateral posterior costophrenic angles may be due to hyperinflation\n pleural thickening versus trace pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.\n The aorta is tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly\n enlarged. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11981441/s58221116/d449a1dc-9332c5c9-e29099be-6011e501-dcb550eb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9e2f410-628d9525-f80ca874-dd351cd9-e7214fcc", "study_id": 56394761, "subject_id": 15853302, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours\n are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous structures\n are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15853302/s56394761/d9e2f410-628d9525-f80ca874-dd351cd9-e7214fcc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96fb59c4-d18718d7-3202d325-8bfc9b23-38653a11", "study_id": 58367863, "subject_id": 12358216, "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar\n study of ___. The right-sided basal density has improved and the\n right-sided diaphragmatic contour is now visible again indicating marked\n reduction of the previously identified right-sided basal pleural effusion. It\n is assumed that a right-sided thoracocentesis has been performed during the\n latest examination interval. The lung remains well aerated and there is no\n evidence of significant pneumothorax in the right apical area. Basal right\n sided density persists, raising suspicion of pulmonary parenchymal process in\n this area. In the left hemithorax, no evidence of new acute parenchymal\n infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12358216/s58367863/96fb59c4-d18718d7-3202d325-8bfc9b23-38653a11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c2f7901-eaf057d0-d96f3b03-13ee605c-a43d5a1a", "study_id": 56639998, "subject_id": 10809830, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate interstitial edema may be slightly exaggerated due to low\n lung volumes. Persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: The patient's chin overlies the medial lung apices. The patient is also\n somewhat rotated. Given the above, there are low lung volumes with persistent\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No large pleural effusion is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. The patient is status post\n median sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. There is left mid lung\n linear atelectasis/ scarring. Mild to moderate interstitial edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10809830/s56639998/3c2f7901-eaf057d0-d96f3b03-13ee605c-a43d5a1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8737c557-3c3e5702-710c5659-5d312396-793f113a", "study_id": 52724241, "subject_id": 16736195, "report": "impression: Interval placement of right internal jugular central venous catheter, the tip\n projecting over the mid SVC.\n \n No focal consolidation. Findings: Interval placement of a right internal jugular central venous catheter, the\n tip projecting over the mid SVC. A feeding tube is present, the tip\n projecting below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field of view of this\n radiograph.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16736195/s52724241/8737c557-3c3e5702-710c5659-5d312396-793f113a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d227c889-1ae8d8eb-bace1690-6b96f7ad-ea0fce1a", "study_id": 57210915, "subject_id": 18283050, "report": "impression: Decreased small right apical pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is an elevated right hemidiaphragm\n consistent with recent right upper lobe lobectomy. The right perihilar\n consolidation has decreased from prior exam and likely represents resolving\n postoperative atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is a small\n right pleural effusion. There is no left pleural effusion. The small right\n apical pneumothorax has decreased since prior exam. There is no left\n pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. A right-sided pacer is seen\n in the right anterior chest wall with an intact lead in appropriate position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18283050/s57210915/d227c889-1ae8d8eb-bace1690-6b96f7ad-ea0fce1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8ea86daf-2e1093d6-3e1eeb91-9e59edb9-ab9d3a99", "study_id": 59610423, "subject_id": 17176962, "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable allowing for positional\n differences. Moderate right pleural effusion with intrafissural component has\n slightly shifted in distribution, likely due to positional changes. Adjacent\n opacities at the right lung base now favor atelectasis, and note is also made\n of a new area of opacity in the left retrocardiac area, which may be due to\n atelectasis or aspiration given its rapid development.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17176962/s59610423/8ea86daf-2e1093d6-3e1eeb91-9e59edb9-ab9d3a99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b3c7110-7f459432-94714b61-e8bcdfd5-253b6f26", "study_id": 54735645, "subject_id": 11356876, "report": "impression: Interval advancement of the Dobhoff feeding tube into the gastric body.\n \n Decreased extent of the bilateral parenchymal consolidations. Findings: Sequential images demonstrate advancement of a Dobhoff feeding tube into the\n gastric body. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic\n trachea. A left PICC line extends to the upper/mid SVC. A TIPS is present.\n \n Interval decrease in the extent of the bilateral parenchymal consolidations. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11356876/s54735645/7b3c7110-7f459432-94714b61-e8bcdfd5-253b6f26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb75b544-f53bd939-0e5e15e2-e47a15f5-d9dde372", "study_id": 56317768, "subject_id": 19797687, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: he lungs are hyperinflated with lower lobe predominant severe panlobular\n emphysema in keeping with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are stable. Dextroscoliosis in the thoracic spine is\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19797687/s56317768/cb75b544-f53bd939-0e5e15e2-e47a15f5-d9dde372.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02a8acbc-d894844d-15b74004-54624aff-9f40d719", "study_id": 58012489, "subject_id": 16612376, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Evidence of a hiatal hernia is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16612376/s58012489/02a8acbc-d894844d-15b74004-54624aff-9f40d719.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ada4b0d8-161d83b6-1831aba7-a942aaf7-175323cc", "study_id": 57935972, "subject_id": 10251182, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Heart size remains\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lung volumes\n are low with streaky opacities in the lung bases, more pronounced on the left,\n compatible with areas of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes are again noted in\n the thoracic spine with flowing anterior osteophytes compatible with DISH.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10251182/s57935972/ada4b0d8-161d83b6-1831aba7-a942aaf7-175323cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "071f6316-5b3ec594-f9317804-0c989f2d-cf633c11", "study_id": 54745923, "subject_id": 18117438, "report": "impression: Right inferior pneumothorax with chest tube with proximal port in the soft\n tissues. Left chest tube is very medially placed Findings: The ET tube is 2 cm above the carina. Left subclavian line tip is in the SVC.\n Left-sided chest tube. Projects over the mid spine and is still too far\n medial. Right chest tube has the side port in the subcutaneous tissues of the\n chest and has likely been pulled back 2 4R there is a right upper lobe area of\n volume loss/alveolar infiltrate. There is a left lower lobe lateral infiltrate\n as well. It is difficult to assess for pneumothorax on this film but given the\n lucency in the right lower lung there is likely a small inferior pneumothorax\n on the right", "image_path": [ "p18/p18117438/s54745923/071f6316-5b3ec594-f9317804-0c989f2d-cf633c11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2805c77-9fefbd8f-c150bb01-f2d633bd-2b8d87d2", "study_id": 57528887, "subject_id": 19495630, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some\n progressive improvement in the bilateral pulmonary opacifications. The\n findings would be consistent with a combination of pneumonia and some elevated\n pulmonary venous pressure. \n \n Dual-channel pacemaker device remains in good position.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19495630/s57528887/b2805c77-9fefbd8f-c150bb01-f2d633bd-2b8d87d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b770322-2dc9900b-fcada934-f939915b-f34eeb26", "study_id": 59223853, "subject_id": 12051412, "report": "impression: Stable right apical pneumothorax and right base atelectasis and\n pleural effusion. Findings: Right apical pneumothorax is overall unchanged, with maximal layer\n of 2.1 cm. Persist right base opacification due to pleural effusion and\n atelectasis. Right pleural drain is unchanged. Left lung is still clear. \n Heart size is mildly enlarged but stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12051412/s59223853/1b770322-2dc9900b-fcada934-f939915b-f34eeb26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0df09f42-58b28d78-372cb57a-3ba45595-5ed19c94", "study_id": 54852528, "subject_id": 18381957, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18381957/s54852528/0df09f42-58b28d78-372cb57a-3ba45595-5ed19c94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d9b0405-5255d2ce-84e0eab0-61504f86-797d1147", "study_id": 55225999, "subject_id": 17015832, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. There has\n been no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17015832/s55225999/5d9b0405-5255d2ce-84e0eab0-61504f86-797d1147.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fa328d8-c5838fba-f08bf5fc-28aab729-c3d94968", "study_id": 58013905, "subject_id": 18898820, "report": "impression: NG tube tip terminates in the distal stomach. Lungs are clear\n with resolution of previously noted right lower lung opacities. Findings: An NG tube is in place with the tip in the distal stomach. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18898820/s58013905/1fa328d8-c5838fba-f08bf5fc-28aab729-c3d94968.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a1e62ad-a6c431f1-5d71892d-da7d7519-9cd7e8cc", "study_id": 59099050, "subject_id": 12973912, "report": "impression: No evidence of injury. Findings suggesting mild interstitial\n abnormalities at the lung bases. Possible trace pleural effusions. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear within normal limits aside from slight unfolding of\n the thoracic aorta. Slight blunting of each costophrenic sulcus is\n indeterminate but could reflect tiny effusions. The lateral view suggests\n interstitial changes, but probably mild, in the periphery of the posterior\n costophrenic sulci. This may correlate with vague reticular opacities in the\n lower lungs on the AP view. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear, however. \n There is no pneumothorax. The bones appear demineralized, but there is no\n evidence of fracture. Degenerative changes involve the shoulder, where the\n glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints appear narrowed with prominent\n marginal osteophytes bilaterally. There is mild rightward convex curvature\n centered along the mid thoracic spine with small osteophytes along the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12973912/s59099050/8a1e62ad-a6c431f1-5d71892d-da7d7519-9cd7e8cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca8e7cca-bd3fd96d-7d43ac4c-93f0c79c-52faa311", "study_id": 50307513, "subject_id": 18426476, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is mildly tortuous. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. Hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. No acute osseous abnormality\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18426476/s50307513/ca8e7cca-bd3fd96d-7d43ac4c-93f0c79c-52faa311.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2d0bd2b-0358907c-bdc53ab9-4d142db6-96c4418b", "study_id": 58206326, "subject_id": 13419866, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is\n unremarkable. There is a chronic fracture deformity of the posterolateral left\n third rib.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13419866/s58206326/a2d0bd2b-0358907c-bdc53ab9-4d142db6-96c4418b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe824232-6d954962-d28f1c26-7fb03ef9-1ff91f04", "study_id": 56533796, "subject_id": 15243341, "report": "impression: Slight worsening of moderate right pleural effusion with right PleurX catheter\n in place. Increased bibasilar consolidation compared to ___ Findings: Slight worsening of moderate right pleural effusion. Right PleurX catheter is\n in place. Increased bibasilar consolidation. Mediastinal contours consistent\n with known mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Multiple bilateral nodules\n consistent with known metastatic disease are more conspicuous than previous\n radiographs. No pneumothorax. Cardiac size is normal. Right chest port tip is\n in the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15243341/s56533796/fe824232-6d954962-d28f1c26-7fb03ef9-1ff91f04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86a1f26a-706567b1-6254cd1a-07dc386a-fb17a034", "study_id": 57786274, "subject_id": 19354520, "report": "impression: Moderate to severe flash pulmonary edema. Findings: Endotracheal and enteric tubes remain in unchanged positions. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The right lateral chest has\n been excluded from the field of view. There has been interval development of\n moderate to severe flash pulmonary edema. No large left pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen, and the right costophrenic angle has not been imaged. No\n acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19354520/s57786274/86a1f26a-706567b1-6254cd1a-07dc386a-fb17a034.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d4be1bf-d0d34acd-3bc323b1-b77cdbaf-634911de", "study_id": 51985025, "subject_id": 18998679, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs appear\n clear without signs of pneumonia or CHF. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n Upper lobe lucency is noted compatible with known underlying emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The bony structures appear intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18998679/s51985025/9d4be1bf-d0d34acd-3bc323b1-b77cdbaf-634911de.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a532a116-4b2c0d58-c9953e96-da8e7527-8e38d0cc", "study_id": 54095778, "subject_id": 18426683, "report": "impression: Feeding tube advanced to expected location of the distal stomach. Otherwise no\n significant interval change in the chest. Nonobstructive bowel gas pattern. Findings: The recently placed feeding tube has been advanced further into the stomach\n with its tip now projecting over the distal stomach. Otherwise, there has been\n no appreciable interval change since the earlier exam. Supplemental images of\n the abdomen show a nonobstructive bowel gas pattern. Extensive vascular\n calcifications are incidentally noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18426683/s54095778/a532a116-4b2c0d58-c9953e96-da8e7527-8e38d0cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5a4079d-7cf22467-1d5795d8-9769dbe2-a12beafd", "study_id": 57267746, "subject_id": 15214632, "report": "impression: 1. Increased opacity in right lower lung zone may reflect atelectasis or\n aspiration.\n \n 2. Persistent moderate cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion\n and small left pleural effusion. Findings: Portable single frontal chest radiograph was obtained.\n \n The patient has been extubated. The NG tube remains in the body of the\n stomach. An area of increased opacity projects over the right lower lung\n zone. The heart remains moderately enlarged with mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. A left pleural effusion persists. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15214632/s57267746/e5a4079d-7cf22467-1d5795d8-9769dbe2-a12beafd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2904583-8d424443-2c9c27bf-22dbafa3-b27679ca", "study_id": 56787743, "subject_id": 16250718, "report": "impression: Moderate right and small left pleural effusion with adjacent bibasilar\n atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low with increased elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Moderate right and small left pleural effusions with adjacent bibasilar\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are\n magnified by the projection.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16250718/s56787743/b2904583-8d424443-2c9c27bf-22dbafa3-b27679ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86a8d030-19d81eaa-649fb5a9-922153bc-2b2ebdd0", "study_id": 57353154, "subject_id": 14785819, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No displaced\n fracture is identified. There is no overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14785819/s57353154/86a8d030-19d81eaa-649fb5a9-922153bc-2b2ebdd0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3aa380d4-c851c904-83bac711-f8cc02f0-295d4d31", "study_id": 51872283, "subject_id": 11699599, "report": "impression: Increase in cardiac size silhouette may be seen in pericardial effusion or\n dilated cardiomyopathy, correlation with echocardiogram is recommended. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged in comparison to the prior examinations. \n Bilateral pleural effusions are present. Bilateral atelectasis is present. \n There is no pneumothorax. No definite focal consolidation is present.\n \n The patient has undergone interval kyphoplasty of several mid thoracic\n vertebrae.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11699599/s51872283/3aa380d4-c851c904-83bac711-f8cc02f0-295d4d31.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd2ee1f7-57c6f59b-27c3acfd-481383d8-4594ea7b", "study_id": 56835071, "subject_id": 15415643, "report": "impression: No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: AP semi upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Overlying EKG leads are present. Previously noted NG tube is been removed. \n Lung volumes are low. Allowing for this, the lungs are clear aside from mild\n right basal platelike atelectasis. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable with atherosclerotic calcifications\n along the aortic knob again noted. The imaged osseous structures appear\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15415643/s56835071/fd2ee1f7-57c6f59b-27c3acfd-481383d8-4594ea7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef5f772b-4c3aae8b-e06eaef1-625a8e4b-e5512aca", "study_id": 52575057, "subject_id": 18721922, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lateral view is obscured by patient's arm. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation, effusion or vascular congestion. Nodular opacities over the\n lung bases are likely nipple shadows. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch.\n No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18721922/s52575057/ef5f772b-4c3aae8b-e06eaef1-625a8e4b-e5512aca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b7692ca-a444170c-38c10dbd-33df3d27-449516d0", "study_id": 59053144, "subject_id": 14754230, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. The heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. No bony\n abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14754230/s59053144/6b7692ca-a444170c-38c10dbd-33df3d27-449516d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1d32032-244032df-d506d80b-0ff8a727-035e0da7", "study_id": 53229800, "subject_id": 18996191, "report": "The right-sided chest tube has been removed. There is a small\n right apical and lateral pneumothorax of similar size compared to what was\n present on the study from earlier in the morning. There is a moderate amount\n of subcutaneous emphysema on the right that is slightly increased compared to\n prior. There continues to be volume loss at the bases.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18996191/s53229800/a1d32032-244032df-d506d80b-0ff8a727-035e0da7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2db2dd8-1b187c95-7ab81014-519b3628-ac2425f5", "study_id": 50270956, "subject_id": 17336926, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. The ascending thoracic aorta it is tortuous or dilated, responsible\n for convex lateral contour of the right upper mediastinum, which is unchanged\n since ___.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17336926/s50270956/f2db2dd8-1b187c95-7ab81014-519b3628-ac2425f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83d55f86-e356b0b5-fab154d7-99842096-1de098a7", "study_id": 50532311, "subject_id": 16517343, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lung\n volumes are low. The lung fields are clear. There is no pneumothorax,\n fracture or dislocation. Limited assessment of the abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16517343/s50532311/83d55f86-e356b0b5-fab154d7-99842096-1de098a7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aeb03dc3-71e540a4-7e460826-16da2603-0d2eeedd", "study_id": 57498361, "subject_id": 10573256, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10573256/s57498361/aeb03dc3-71e540a4-7e460826-16da2603-0d2eeedd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fafd0b78-ac3d9710-a8c17637-4cf0740c-7483a42b", "study_id": 59506813, "subject_id": 19575335, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires, mediastinal clips, and dual-lead pacer are unchanged with\n lead tips extending to the region of the right atrium and right ventricle. \n The heart is normal in size and shape. No effusion or pneumothorax. No focal\n consolidation or signs of pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19575335/s59506813/fafd0b78-ac3d9710-a8c17637-4cf0740c-7483a42b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2d30510e-77dca50d-ad869785-6cefac52-826ea88e", "study_id": 58664236, "subject_id": 16296036, "report": "No previous images. There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n in a patient with intact midline sternal wires and dialysis catheter extending\n to the region of the cavoatrial junction. Mild atelectatic changes are seen\n at the bases. There is some engorgement of ill-defined pulmonary vessels,\n consistent with some elevation in pulmonary venous pressure. No evidence of\n acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16296036/s58664236/2d30510e-77dca50d-ad869785-6cefac52-826ea88e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a64c32a8-5ea15242-6f704cea-1413943b-79b5e045", "study_id": 52059748, "subject_id": 13540891, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or\n evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13540891/s52059748/a64c32a8-5ea15242-6f704cea-1413943b-79b5e045.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29cf98c6-e234e520-bac2b47d-6f054a34-e65eb42e", "study_id": 52792308, "subject_id": 19442331, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well expanded, clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pneumothorax, consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19442331/s52792308/29cf98c6-e234e520-bac2b47d-6f054a34-e65eb42e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e68c0b84-7186e7b5-29ef96b4-af39c5fd-3b566c5e", "study_id": 50841274, "subject_id": 14130048, "report": "impression: Chronic small airways obstruction. Dr ___ ___ the findings and\n modification of original reading by telephone at 9:05AM. Findings: The lungs are chronically hyperexpanded but clear. Mediastinal or subphrenic\n fat transmitted through an incomplete diaphragm should not be mistaken for\n lung abnormality. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There is minimal blunting of the right pleural sulcus suggesting small\n right-sided effusion. No left-sided pleural effusion is seen. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14130048/s50841274/e68c0b84-7186e7b5-29ef96b4-af39c5fd-3b566c5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f8da459-8da27154-352686bf-8a3b8446-bfdf700b", "study_id": 54430625, "subject_id": 16883374, "report": "An ___ x 16 mm left upper lobe pulmonary\n lesion is again noted better delineated on ___ CT torso. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Fullness of\n bilateral hilar regions may represent known hilar adenopathy.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16883374/s54430625/1f8da459-8da27154-352686bf-8a3b8446-bfdf700b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7818ccb-9b5f96ee-81ca3b8b-8ac69626-580a1a21", "study_id": 55985529, "subject_id": 15024955, "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion. Left effusion has largely resolved. No\n acute intrapulmonary process. Findings: There are no significant changes since the prior CXR performed ___.\n Unchanged appearance of neoesophagus. Linear atelectasis is noted at the right\n lung base. Stable appearance of small right pleural effusion. Tiny left\n pleural effusion has largely resolved. The lungs are otherwise free of focal\n consolidations or pneumothorax. No pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Surgical clips are noted in the left\n upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15024955/s55985529/f7818ccb-9b5f96ee-81ca3b8b-8ac69626-580a1a21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61f1eb1e-75788d3c-d208d378-929706ac-64415b43", "study_id": 51554007, "subject_id": 16595396, "report": "Low lung volumes. No pleural effusions. No focal parenchymal\n opacities. No pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \n Suspected small hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16595396/s51554007/61f1eb1e-75788d3c-d208d378-929706ac-64415b43.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52d5f7ec-d9937fb0-a2b5bfef-2687cc7a-5dbbe84b", "study_id": 58656815, "subject_id": 15426827, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, a right chest tube was inserted. \n There is substantial clearing of the right pleural effusion, only a small\n residual effusion persists.\n \n No pneumothorax. Unchanged normal appearance of the left lung and of the\n cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15426827/s58656815/52d5f7ec-d9937fb0-a2b5bfef-2687cc7a-5dbbe84b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "333aa7db-07243980-0ffadee5-6f2ac30e-d8d15830", "study_id": 56809492, "subject_id": 15365444, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size with central pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The patient is status post sternotomy and CABG. The lung volumes are low,\n resulting and mild bibasilar atelectasis. The hilar and mediastinal\n structures are normal. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are\n identified. There is pulmonary vascular congestion with no overt pulmonary\n edema. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax. No free air is seen below\n the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15365444/s56809492/333aa7db-07243980-0ffadee5-6f2ac30e-d8d15830.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45c882d6-5ca6851e-6d8cc063-89dfbfb1-06a87b6d", "study_id": 51280154, "subject_id": 10206528, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal. Previously\n seen right upper and right lower lobe pulmonary nodules on PET-CT are not seen\n on this radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10206528/s51280154/45c882d6-5ca6851e-6d8cc063-89dfbfb1-06a87b6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff8b5e4b-c940aaf7-741dcdc3-8103acc9-5905ecff", "study_id": 55610041, "subject_id": 13716409, "report": "impression: Normal heart size without pulmonary edema. Prominent right cardiophrenic fat\n pad noted. Emphysematous changes. Findings: There is a prominent right cardiophrenic fat pad. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours appear stable. Heart size is normal. Emphysematous changes are\n noted. No overt pulmonary edema is identified. No opacity convincing for\n pneumonia is seen. No large pleural effusion is identified. Osseous\n structures demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13716409/s55610041/ff8b5e4b-c940aaf7-741dcdc3-8103acc9-5905ecff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2668b7fd-e40ee116-0e209a9c-1875400a-1e6fc8a1", "study_id": 56439383, "subject_id": 11674366, "report": "impression: Endotracheal and nasogastric tubes positioned appropriately. Findings: AP portable semi-upright view of the chest. Endotracheal tube is seen with\n its tip residing 4.1 cm above of the right note. The NG tube is coiled in the\n left upper quadrant. Lungs are clear. No definite signs of effusion or\n pneumothorax. Bony structures appear grossly intact with a possible old left\n lower rib deformity.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11674366/s56439383/2668b7fd-e40ee116-0e209a9c-1875400a-1e6fc8a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48b8b667-133213dd-1d3f2a71-a236abab-76c6f209", "study_id": 55701733, "subject_id": 14702908, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Lungs are clear of focal consolidation or effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for technique. Osseous\n and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14702908/s55701733/48b8b667-133213dd-1d3f2a71-a236abab-76c6f209.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e71ff1e4-92bb5945-82264164-654c6c89-f02b00e8", "study_id": 56471020, "subject_id": 17876306, "report": "impression: Left basilar patchy opacity likely reflects atelectasis in the setting of low\n lung volumes. Infection is not completely excluded, and if there is continued\n clinical concern, consider repeat PA and lateral views with improved\n inspiratory effort. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart size is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Minimal\n patchy left basilar opacity likely reflects atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. There are mild degenerative changes noted in the\n imaged thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17876306/s56471020/e71ff1e4-92bb5945-82264164-654c6c89-f02b00e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff338936-4f06e690-54980a3a-42993bbc-25e0f11b", "study_id": 57963986, "subject_id": 19461484, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable from prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19461484/s57963986/ff338936-4f06e690-54980a3a-42993bbc-25e0f11b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6970adc8-f7009664-55999faf-18d95907-6c168d03", "study_id": 58993030, "subject_id": 14687773, "report": "As compared to the previous image, there is increased pulmonary\n edema and right pleural effusion with right basal opacities that are\n nonspecific, but most likely represent atelectasis. There is persistent\n cardiomegaly and mild fluid overload. A wet read was delivered.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14687773/s58993030/6970adc8-f7009664-55999faf-18d95907-6c168d03.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "574aa697-131b5250-6aabd902-aa4d7bf3-039630e5", "study_id": 57077284, "subject_id": 19213219, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the interval with small\n layering bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. The mediastinal contour is\n similar. There is mild pulmonary edema, not substantially changed in the\n interval. Hazy opacities in both lung bases, more so on the left, likely\n reflect small layering bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy bibasilar\n opacities likely reflect compressive atelectasis. No pneumothorax is clearly\n evident. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19213219/s57077284/574aa697-131b5250-6aabd902-aa4d7bf3-039630e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b8e75ac-d71db12e-52ceff60-30836384-f3bd082b", "study_id": 59310678, "subject_id": 19509569, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is seen.\n The new ICD is projecting over the right ventricle. No complications, notably\n no pneumothorax. Known scarring and apical thickening in the right lung.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19509569/s59310678/1b8e75ac-d71db12e-52ceff60-30836384-f3bd082b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf83746e-34cb8db6-0106f9d5-fd6d730d-4819bb83", "study_id": 51165553, "subject_id": 18676703, "report": "impression: No signs for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The endotracheal tube and feeding tube have been removed in the\n interim. Lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinum are normal. \n There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18676703/s51165553/bf83746e-34cb8db6-0106f9d5-fd6d730d-4819bb83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "670b2389-2e934e1d-5adfaf64-51d98964-45a85edc", "study_id": 54772897, "subject_id": 10332328, "report": "impression: Patient rotated to the right. Enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and\n fluid overload. Possible small left pleural effusion. Small right pleural\n effusion would be difficult to exclude. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes. The patient is rotated to the right. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are enlarged, although grossly stable given\n differences in technique and patient inspiration. Prominence of the hila\n persists, suggesting fluid overload. There is blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle raising the concern for small pleural effusion. Lateral\n views are suboptimal due to underpenetration posteriorly.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10332328/s54772897/670b2389-2e934e1d-5adfaf64-51d98964-45a85edc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "432920b8-5c37dd52-5608525c-3f40a092-bf2dadef", "study_id": 57519039, "subject_id": 11825462, "report": "impression: Interval placement of a right internal jugular central venous catheter\n terminating in the low SVC without evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right internal jugular central venous\n catheter terminating in the low SVC without evidence of pneumothorax. Mild\n basilar atelectasis is seen. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11825462/s57519039/432920b8-5c37dd52-5608525c-3f40a092-bf2dadef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc16f25f-cbce5dc4-ee27f1f6-731bfe49-ddf00cb1", "study_id": 51862832, "subject_id": 15691899, "report": "impression: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality consistent with\n asthma.\n \n Mild chronic cardiomegaly Findings: Peribronchial cuffing and diffuse interstitial abnormality. Normal pleura and\n mediastinal surfaces. Mild cardiomegaly, predominately left ventricular\n enlargement is chronic, but there is insufficient vascular engorgement today\n to suggest acute cardiac decompensation.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15691899/s51862832/cc16f25f-cbce5dc4-ee27f1f6-731bfe49-ddf00cb1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bd54049-2829a3de-ed6ba766-8699c170-9cdfe47c", "study_id": 58915759, "subject_id": 14318354, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. A radiopaque coil and ovoid metallic object are\n again seen at the right base. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14318354/s58915759/0bd54049-2829a3de-ed6ba766-8699c170-9cdfe47c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4fbd14c-4f009410-642f2d2f-d8d493e7-39a08b5e", "study_id": 50391943, "subject_id": 17831708, "report": "impression: OG tube tip and side-port lie below the diaphragm, overlying the stomach.\n \n Continued left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation. A small left\n effusion cannot be excluded.\n \n Mild upper zone redistribution and slight vascular blurring, without overt\n CHF, similar to prior.\n \n 9.7 mm metallic density overlying the soft tissues lateral to the left mid\n chest wall -- ? Artifact overlying the patient versus a new foreign body. Findings: Rotated lordotic positioning.\n \n An ET tube is present, tip approximately 3.6 cm above the carina. An OG tube\n is present, tip and side-port overlying the stomach. A left subclavian PICC\n line tip overlies the region of the cavoatrial junction. No pneumothorax is\n detected.\n \n Allowing for differences in positioning, the cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n grossly unchanged. Again seen is left lower lobe collapse and/or\n consolidation. A small left effusion cannot be excluded.\n \n There is upper zone redistribution and mild vascular blurring, similar to the\n prior film, without overt CHF.\n \n On the right, no focal infiltrate or effusion is detected. The previously\n seen dense band at the right base has resolved.\n \n Adjacent in the soft tissues lateral to the mid left chest wall there is a\n linear density measuring 9.7 mm long that appears metallic. It is not known\n whether this overlies are lies within the patient. Clinical correlation\n requested. No corresponding density is seen on the chest radiographs from ___ and ___.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17831708/s50391943/f4fbd14c-4f009410-642f2d2f-d8d493e7-39a08b5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f14bdb2e-721c81ad-14dc6692-d7f71d21-0d59abb0", "study_id": 50618234, "subject_id": 14741471, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, most likely due to atelectasis, but\n coexisting aspiration or pneumonia cannot be excluded in the dependent\n portions of both lower lobes. Findings: Lung volumes remain low. Cardiomediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. Persistent linear bibasilar atelectasis. Slightly more\n confluent opacity projects posteriorly over the spine on the lateral view,\n obscuring the posterior hemidiaphragms bilaterally, likely corresponding to\n patchy areas of increased opacity in the retrocardiac area on the frontal\n view. There are no pleural effusions. Rounded opacity in the right upper\n quadrant of the abdomen corresponds to post-TACE changes.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14741471/s50618234/f14bdb2e-721c81ad-14dc6692-d7f71d21-0d59abb0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8941af38-718f6cd1-7ec08422-e44883f6-44d16180", "study_id": 58484742, "subject_id": 15937387, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of chronic lung changes on top of known\n bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma. Findings: Chronic bibasilar lung disease is similar to prior exams with\n atelectatic changes and interstitial thickening. No new consolidation is\n definitively identified. There is no pneumothorax or large effusion. The\n heart and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15937387/s58484742/8941af38-718f6cd1-7ec08422-e44883f6-44d16180.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41d9a991-26d21537-39179822-55103199-c8633a6d", "study_id": 55596680, "subject_id": 17151033, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. No\n signs of granulomatous disease. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17151033/s55596680/41d9a991-26d21537-39179822-55103199-c8633a6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03ee0dbe-d8e2597d-fcce4a18-d53b2608-cfc67f26", "study_id": 53492553, "subject_id": 19157548, "report": "impression: Increased aeration in the right mid to lower lung zone with a persisting more\n confluent opacity peripherally in the right mid lung zone.\n \n Diffusely increased interstitial markings throughout both lungs. Findings: The tip of the right PICC line projects over the superior cavoatrial junction.\n \n There is increased aeration involving the right mid to lower lung zone with a\n persisting more confluent opacity located peripherally. Diffusely increased\n interstitial markings and patchy opacities still persist throughout both\n lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size of the\n cardiac silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19157548/s53492553/03ee0dbe-d8e2597d-fcce4a18-d53b2608-cfc67f26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7626a83d-24831e50-d199a452-32b4a32f-0e483484", "study_id": 59112866, "subject_id": 16662316, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Minimal\n residual right middle lobe atelectasis. Findings: Again noted is mild hyperinflation of both lungs suggestive of\n underlying emphysema or small airways obstruction. Mild streaky opacification\n in the right middle lobe decreased on today's examination compared to the\n prior study. This may represent minimal residual atelectasis, similar to\n prior studies dating back to ___. The lungs are otherwise relatively\n clear without focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, significant\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits and unchanged from the prior study. The visualized\n upper abdomen demonstrates overlying metallic density compatible with a belt\n buckle. Radiopaque densities projecting in the left upper abdomen are\n partially excluded from view on the frontal radiograph and of uncertain\n clinical significance.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662316/s59112866/7626a83d-24831e50-d199a452-32b4a32f-0e483484.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88ff33a1-248a499d-391361b9-b4843bb6-21e10169", "study_id": 58619027, "subject_id": 18232489, "report": "Radiograph centered at thoracoabdominal junction was obtained for\n assessment of an orogastric tube, which terminates within the stomach. Within\n the imaged portion of the chest, linear atelectasis is noted within the\n retrocardiac regions.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18232489/s58619027/88ff33a1-248a499d-391361b9-b4843bb6-21e10169.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62dd1c46-d2124db2-78ed3589-262af838-1db11a84", "study_id": 50370513, "subject_id": 16410163, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Heart size is\n top-normal. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16410163/s50370513/62dd1c46-d2124db2-78ed3589-262af838-1db11a84.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17567337-6dfd7552-096e44a5-a7f17cbb-ac78be9b", "study_id": 50825377, "subject_id": 16822619, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural abnormality. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Calcified granuloma is in the right lower lobe.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16822619/s50825377/17567337-6dfd7552-096e44a5-a7f17cbb-ac78be9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09628781-e89a7917-128e50f4-95b254d9-c00811fd", "study_id": 51671231, "subject_id": 18784252, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality Findings: Cardiomegaly is a stable. There are minimal and bibasilar atelectasis. The\n upper lungs are clear. The lungs are hyperinflated. There is no pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18784252/s51671231/09628781-e89a7917-128e50f4-95b254d9-c00811fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3ea988e-b70bc850-b11e7a6f-8bd97893-4dd4a5b4", "study_id": 57801401, "subject_id": 15260765, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the nasogastric\n tube has been redirected and extends to the region of the antrum. Otherwise,\n little change.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15260765/s57801401/a3ea988e-b70bc850-b11e7a6f-8bd97893-4dd4a5b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c3e36f7-0fd565d4-67dcb648-83282715-da01502e", "study_id": 50997804, "subject_id": 15943834, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion and possible trace\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The heart is severely enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion, slightly improved compared to the prior study. \n Streaky opacity in the retrocardiac region likely reflects atelectasis. \n Minimal blunting of the costophrenic angles on the lateral view suggests the\n presence of trace bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is identified.\n There are multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15943834/s50997804/2c3e36f7-0fd565d4-67dcb648-83282715-da01502e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e4470ec-8a8f6018-7d15931d-e5f62581-9813c783", "study_id": 50315777, "subject_id": 14903094, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia.\n \n\n ___, MD Findings: Patchy left base opacity is worrisome for a left lower lobe pneumonia. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14903094/s50315777/6e4470ec-8a8f6018-7d15931d-e5f62581-9813c783.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eed47717-4d32e0ee-051daaa1-95bd7b5c-9dad8025", "study_id": 59686573, "subject_id": 14494681, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the prior\n studies. Linear opacities in the left lower lung represent atelectasis;\n otherwise, the lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pulmonary edema,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Aortic calcifications and mild cardiomegaly\n are unchanged. There are no concerning osseous or soft tissue lesions.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14494681/s59686573/eed47717-4d32e0ee-051daaa1-95bd7b5c-9dad8025.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11873f87-156f7c73-1f5785bc-f65c0836-cf7975f1", "study_id": 59164434, "subject_id": 12351713, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are continued low lung\n volumes. Opacification at the bases is increasing, consistent with worsening\n volume loss associated with small pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12351713/s59164434/11873f87-156f7c73-1f5785bc-f65c0836-cf7975f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ba667af-f9346cdb-b080e807-17a29d50-24b0ec25", "study_id": 51650124, "subject_id": 13741148, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There\n is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Bones and the upper\n abdomen are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13741148/s51650124/1ba667af-f9346cdb-b080e807-17a29d50-24b0ec25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "beefe8f1-cb01e8b0-0a450bf6-9dc88967-69b12ef9", "study_id": 57816107, "subject_id": 16108772, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary interstitial edema, which is new from the most\n recent prior study. Findings: The chest cage is distorted by moderate S-shaped scoliosis of the\n imaged thoracolumbar spine. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and\n edema, increased from the most recent prior study. Retrocardiac opacification\n is unchanged, likely reflecting atelectasis in the setting of low lung\n volumes. No significant pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The\n cardiac silhouette is accentuated by under-inflation of the lungs, but likely\n within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is tortuous causing prominence of\n the mediastinum, which is unchanged from prior studies. The hilar contours\n are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16108772/s57816107/beefe8f1-cb01e8b0-0a450bf6-9dc88967-69b12ef9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54373fa4-edc2025d-165feaec-2965898a-81d6a5b8", "study_id": 51633961, "subject_id": 12335778, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12335778/s51633961/54373fa4-edc2025d-165feaec-2965898a-81d6a5b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71f7b27c-3c883401-80d9ce32-a35d4e6b-e31b729d", "study_id": 58576423, "subject_id": 13600109, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.\n The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13600109/s58576423/71f7b27c-3c883401-80d9ce32-a35d4e6b-e31b729d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a918592-1e15c582-8663863c-6bf8aff7-38339175", "study_id": 59449178, "subject_id": 13723259, "report": "impression: No infiltrate Findings: There has been interval improvement in the interstitial edema. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. There is no focal infiltrate. There are tiny bilateral\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13723259/s59449178/3a918592-1e15c582-8663863c-6bf8aff7-38339175.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abc54d1b-1bcae18d-f795bb65-7bf646b0-084d5c19", "study_id": 55042325, "subject_id": 14214357, "report": "impression: Interval removal of a left chest tube. No pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Interval removal of a left chest tube. No pneumothorax is seen.\n \n The small, previously seen possible loculated hydropneumothorax is not\n visualized. Otherwise no significant changes from the prior examination on the\n same date.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14214357/s55042325/abc54d1b-1bcae18d-f795bb65-7bf646b0-084d5c19.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac08f0a5-27777d28-80dd78a7-98274d4e-f72e59d0", "study_id": 59235927, "subject_id": 19371621, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild wedging of a few\n mid thoracic vertebral bodies is unchanged compared to prior. No acute\n osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19371621/s59235927/ac08f0a5-27777d28-80dd78a7-98274d4e-f72e59d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6236bf5-0756562e-7e74bdc4-1f10b050-5bed2f01", "study_id": 54484849, "subject_id": 15370226, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are also stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15370226/s54484849/e6236bf5-0756562e-7e74bdc4-1f10b050-5bed2f01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "407d7a94-19ded099-4363acde-b1c08043-2c887d47", "study_id": 55929334, "subject_id": 15487342, "report": "impression: Persistent parenchymal opacities compatible with severe pulmonary edema. Lung\n volumes have slightly increased since yesterday at 09:00. Findings: A single portable frontal chest radiograph was obtained. Lung volumes have\n slightly increased since yesterday morning. Diffuse pulmonary opacities are\n again seen throughout both lungs. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Mild\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. The tip of a right PICC line terminates in the\n low SVC.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15487342/s55929334/407d7a94-19ded099-4363acde-b1c08043-2c887d47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14831ea1-650d062f-3bb05fd4-f63802a4-0c10ac5a", "study_id": 59842574, "subject_id": 11959315, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n stable, with mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The lung volumes are\n low, but no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11959315/s59842574/14831ea1-650d062f-3bb05fd4-f63802a4-0c10ac5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68a75674-cda7cf7e-0b563f57-51492d39-f09bec7e", "study_id": 56515541, "subject_id": 13776292, "report": "Subclavian port on the left. The course of the catheter is\n unremarkable, the tip of the catheter projects over the upper SVC. There is\n no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette. No lung parenchymal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13776292/s56515541/68a75674-cda7cf7e-0b563f57-51492d39-f09bec7e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71f796c2-ff811af0-df7f3705-4a25b0ef-89191ee6", "study_id": 56755739, "subject_id": 15741124, "report": "impression: 1. Nondisplaced fracture through the mid portion of the right clavicle. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear without lobar consolidation, pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is within normal limits.\n \n There is a nondisplaced fracture through the mid portion of the right\n clavicle. No displaced rib fractures are identified. There is no\n pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p15/p15741124/s56755739/71f796c2-ff811af0-df7f3705-4a25b0ef-89191ee6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98966550-371b4343-92da8204-b83fabc5-2629adeb", "study_id": 53309255, "subject_id": 14439989, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. \n Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14439989/s53309255/98966550-371b4343-92da8204-b83fabc5-2629adeb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75335f2f-289cc130-2ce86d41-45e8fabe-a960dff5", "study_id": 51877427, "subject_id": 16993562, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumothorax appreciated on today's exam.\n 2. Stable small-to-moderate right and small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest show a tracheostomy\n tube, left-sided supraclavicular dual-channel catheter and right-sided PICC\n line unchanged in position. A feeding tube is again seen coursing below the\n diaphragm and likely terminating past the pylorus. Low inspiratory lung\n volumes are unchanged. No definite pneumothorax is appreciated, although the\n film is suboptimal. Stable small-to-moderate left pleural effusion and small\n right pleural effusion best appreciated on the lateral radiograph are\n unchanged with associated bibasilar atelectasis. No new focal consolidation\n is present. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged.\n \n Drainage tube and multiple surgical clips in the right upper quadrant of the\n abdomen are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16993562/s51877427/75335f2f-289cc130-2ce86d41-45e8fabe-a960dff5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b175ec2-5f5d8531-8f4d514f-658e541a-6b8fc5db", "study_id": 50205998, "subject_id": 13492415, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13492415/s50205998/9b175ec2-5f5d8531-8f4d514f-658e541a-6b8fc5db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6de45bc-dae45349-6adb8bb9-fde8bc4d-59c57c87", "study_id": 55776677, "subject_id": 15865701, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged. The\n aorta is tortuous. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. The lungs are clear.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion\n hardware is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15865701/s55776677/f6de45bc-dae45349-6adb8bb9-fde8bc4d-59c57c87.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "675a69c9-114b2279-c2fd4f3d-810d1c6c-79f188e1", "study_id": 58555269, "subject_id": 10278111, "report": "impression: Hazy retrocardiac opacity consistent with left lower lobe\n pneumonia. Recommend treatment and followup chest x-ray to resolution.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___\n telephone at 3:00 p.m. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is a hazy\n retrocardiac opacity as well as opacity projecting posteriorly over the spine\n on the lateral image consistent with left lower lobe pneumonia. The lung\n volumes are slightly low. The right lung is clear. There are no pleural\n effusions and the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. The osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10278111/s58555269/675a69c9-114b2279-c2fd4f3d-810d1c6c-79f188e1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c6d9bcd4-bf585e5f-a2e6c13e-e74b360b-9c3ae1bc", "study_id": 52325679, "subject_id": 12463192, "report": "impression: Slightly more rounded appearance of opacity at the left base\n compared to ___. Although this may represent rounded atelectasis or\n scarring, given patient's history, would recommend further evaluation with CT\n of the chest.\n \n These findings were posted into the critical results dashboard by Dr.\n ___ at 11:15pm on the day of the study. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Small opacity at the left\n base seen in ___ appears slightly more rounded and may represent a\n nodule, atelectasis or scarring. Lungs are hyperinflated consistent with\n COPD. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12463192/s52325679/c6d9bcd4-bf585e5f-a2e6c13e-e74b360b-9c3ae1bc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "72e37f6e-1a0ffa63-9a1591fc-6f995d8d-2181c1e8", "study_id": 52449446, "subject_id": 15327118, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is unchanged cardiomegaly. There is improvement of the pulmonary edema\n since the previous study. There is a small right-sided pleural effusion. No\n pneumothoraces or focal consolidation is identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15327118/s52449446/72e37f6e-1a0ffa63-9a1591fc-6f995d8d-2181c1e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b8c0ea9-0239d243-265bc353-ce326685-8193adb5", "study_id": 56373336, "subject_id": 10901995, "report": "impression: 1. Right-sided PICC terminates in the low SVC and is in appropriate position.\n 2. Minimal, linear left basal atelectasis, improved from the prior study. Findings: A right-sided PICC terminates in the low SVC and is in appropriate position.\n \n Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is very minimal, linear atelectasis at\n the left base, improved from the prior study. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10901995/s56373336/0b8c0ea9-0239d243-265bc353-ce326685-8193adb5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a76f709-b63d25f5-eb997f46-68919a86-5aac3f4e", "study_id": 50519191, "subject_id": 11078188, "report": "impression: Subtle heterogeneous opacity at the right posterior lung base which could\n represent either atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Mediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged. Subtle heterogeneous\n consolidation at the right posterior lung base is suspicious for pneumonia. \n The remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild compression deformity of the T7 vertebral body is\n unchanged from ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11078188/s50519191/2a76f709-b63d25f5-eb997f46-68919a86-5aac3f4e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a9a7a36-a23da05f-bfd6fa3d-a0fd90ea-cdd38012", "study_id": 54035395, "subject_id": 15656571, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema with mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Single AP portable upright chest radiograph was provided. \n Dual-lead AICD is again noted, though the right ventricular lead is poorly\n visualized. Cardiac size is top normal and pulmonary edema is moderate. No\n large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15656571/s54035395/7a9a7a36-a23da05f-bfd6fa3d-a0fd90ea-cdd38012.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2fb98a3-3e44d818-f03443e7-8e257dd3-1016198d", "study_id": 54421410, "subject_id": 12459180, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right-sided dialysis catheter. The tip of the catheter projects over the\n lower SVC. No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n The pre-existing bilateral parenchymal opacities show no substantial change. \n The opacities are now predominating at the right and left lung base as well as\n in the left perihilar areas. The lung volumes have slightly decreased, the\n size of the cardiac silhouette is clearly enlarged. The presence of a small\n left pleural effusion cannot be excluded, given minimal blunting of the left\n costophrenic sinus.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12459180/s54421410/f2fb98a3-3e44d818-f03443e7-8e257dd3-1016198d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f45ff14f-41e3c748-ca9c8242-efe5cf0e-4ba74572", "study_id": 52297876, "subject_id": 19509694, "report": "impression: Bilateral multifocal lung opacities reflecting multifocal pneumonia are\n unchanged in severity and distribution. Findings: Bilateral multifocal lung opacities reflecting pneumonia which are worse in\n the left lung are unchanged in distribution and severity since prior chest\n radiograph from ___. Presumed small bilateral pleural effusions\n are unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19509694/s52297876/f45ff14f-41e3c748-ca9c8242-efe5cf0e-4ba74572.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "445a6f50-6420fd1c-5d24e0f1-190e1db4-bd0249bf", "study_id": 53976019, "subject_id": 11996766, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11996766/s53976019/445a6f50-6420fd1c-5d24e0f1-190e1db4-bd0249bf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4bea1923-0bfcd9bc-1501dcc9-c82ff32a-4d16c88b", "study_id": 59607159, "subject_id": 10246275, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left chest wall dual lead pacing device is seen with leads in the right atrium\n and right ventricular apex. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation or\n effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10246275/s59607159/4bea1923-0bfcd9bc-1501dcc9-c82ff32a-4d16c88b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d39c48ea-dbe83185-b575e9c7-19eea5af-dd9cfdcc", "study_id": 58418323, "subject_id": 15509023, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low, leading to crowding of the bronchovascular structures. \n Within this limitation, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. Allowing for low lung volumes and\n projection, the cardiac size is top-normal and unchanged from prior\n examination.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15509023/s58418323/d39c48ea-dbe83185-b575e9c7-19eea5af-dd9cfdcc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1da326f7-99ba3cc4-86d9421c-80f78f6f-de807ba1", "study_id": 57760760, "subject_id": 19091199, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation or pulmonary vascular congestion. Mild biapical scarring is\n again noted. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No\n acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19091199/s57760760/1da326f7-99ba3cc4-86d9421c-80f78f6f-de807ba1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e553f2b0-43fa30d2-c1c95d49-d7d5d226-7cb3c3e2", "study_id": 54431694, "subject_id": 19262233, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are well\n expanded and clear. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Heart is\n normal in size, and cardiomediastinal contour is unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The upper abdomen is unremarkable and bones\n are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19262233/s54431694/e553f2b0-43fa30d2-c1c95d49-d7d5d226-7cb3c3e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c0965364-44c6b016-519c8420-7b11dc4b-26f42f4f", "study_id": 51518725, "subject_id": 18534250, "report": "impression: Status post right thoracentesis with improvement in right pleural\n effusion with residual small right and moderate left pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal radiograph of the chest again demonstrates left chest wall\n port with the tip of the catheter in the low SVC. There has been interval\n right thoracentesis with improvement in the right pleural effusion, with\n residual small right pleural effusion and moderate-sized left pleural effusion\n persisting with continued bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n contours are unchanged. No pneumothorax is seen. Biapical pleural scarring\n is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18534250/s51518725/c0965364-44c6b016-519c8420-7b11dc4b-26f42f4f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7003c6e-04f4d5e8-e6a0fab3-9c962473-69069406", "study_id": 55785063, "subject_id": 16601415, "report": "impression: 1. No pulmonary edema. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities.\n 2. Please correlate clinically for etiology of elevated right hemidiaphragm or\n abdomen priors if any. Findings: There is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with volume loss and right basal\n atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of pulmonary\n edema. There is no pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are partly obscured by right hemidiaphragm, the likely within normal limits. \n A moderately dilated loop of bowel is seen under diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16601415/s55785063/f7003c6e-04f4d5e8-e6a0fab3-9c962473-69069406.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5a05b41-db699108-c8f56ccf-5a8d5c65-6afc173d", "study_id": 53405295, "subject_id": 13590165, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Patient is rotated to the left. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is seen terminating\n in the right atrium. Streaky bibasilar opacities are seen, most compatible\n with atelectasis/ scarring. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are\n also stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13590165/s53405295/e5a05b41-db699108-c8f56ccf-5a8d5c65-6afc173d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6645d5c2-be21db2b-6987fc5f-40c41e4d-a1f04e4c", "study_id": 59740810, "subject_id": 11016198, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. A new opacity in\n the left lower lung is likely atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear\n without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11016198/s59740810/6645d5c2-be21db2b-6987fc5f-40c41e4d-a1f04e4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9cd7727-3424ce30-af1d74c3-7e7eab39-a3329b4c", "study_id": 50985242, "subject_id": 14921607, "report": "Left pleural effusion has nearly completely resolved following\n reported placement of Pleurx catheter. The catheter is not well visualized\n radiographically. There is likely a very tiny left apical pneumothorax\n present. In association with reduction in volume of the left pleural\n effusion, improved aeration of the lingula and left lower lobe are\n demonstrated with residual minor atelectasis. On the right, a moderate to\n large multiloculated pleural effusion has increased in size, however. \n Apparent widening of right mediastinal contours is likely a combination of\n medially loculated pleural effusion and known underlying lymphadenopathy on\n prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14921607/s50985242/e9cd7727-3424ce30-af1d74c3-7e7eab39-a3329b4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b39c235b-16d014a0-f671cf0c-2ec66025-22b9b0a2", "study_id": 53000725, "subject_id": 19244907, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No CHF, focal\n infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is detected. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hazy density over both lower lungs relates\n to the patient's bilateral breast prostheses. The upper portion of an IVC\n filter and question a balloon from a G-tube are noted.\n \n Compared with ___, the tracheostomy tube and left subclavian PICC\n line have been removed. The previously seen left base left lung base opacity\n has resolved.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19244907/s53000725/b39c235b-16d014a0-f671cf0c-2ec66025-22b9b0a2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdde5a22-c24eea2f-e45cefed-476aafa0-817e9ef7", "study_id": 52712604, "subject_id": 12233578, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary process. Findings: There is no CHF, focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities are identified. Small amount of air beneath the left\n hemidiaphragm is not fully characterize, but could lie within the gastric\n fundus.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12233578/s52712604/fdde5a22-c24eea2f-e45cefed-476aafa0-817e9ef7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ccfd76d-8b27962c-62504ac7-46e281b3-d8fe2813", "study_id": 51819807, "subject_id": 11286783, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate clear lungs without focal\n consolidation. There is bilateral basilar atelectasis and no pleural\n effusion. No pneumothorax. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11286783/s51819807/0ccfd76d-8b27962c-62504ac7-46e281b3-d8fe2813.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11266176-3a4c2da5-45a6cded-5ad210a2-15bf8c14", "study_id": 54963560, "subject_id": 17762094, "report": "impression: 1. Interval improvement right-sided pleural effusion.\n 2. Persistent opacification of the medial right lower lung, and increasing\n retrocardiac opacification are concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Findings: Lordotic positioning may artificially change the appearance of the lung base\n pathology. Allowing for this, the opacification of the right lower lung is\n slightly improved compared with ___, and residual right pleural\n effusion is small if present at all. The persistent opacification of the more\n medial right lung base is concerning for consolidation. Retrocardiac\n opacification is increased compared to prior studies, also concerning for a\n focus of consolidation. Taken together, this could represent multifocal\n pneumonia, which is more prominent as pleural effusions recede. The\n postoperative changes in the left lung apex are unchanged. There is no\n pulmonary edema or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17762094/s54963560/11266176-3a4c2da5-45a6cded-5ad210a2-15bf8c14.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7cb1867d-c42d2418-cf8b5ab1-86ba097a-7f9c3f3e", "study_id": 56197509, "subject_id": 19524729, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with congestion and mild edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n ___ is again noted with leads extending to the region the right atrium\n right ventricle. Midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips again noted. \n Lung volumes are low limiting assessment. There is mild cardiomegaly with\n hilar congestion and probable mild interstitial edema. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. Bony structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19524729/s56197509/7cb1867d-c42d2418-cf8b5ab1-86ba097a-7f9c3f3e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb249c0e-1a1ac204-4d2166c5-017f6334-20609f3d", "study_id": 51976046, "subject_id": 11456564, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval change. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11456564/s51976046/eb249c0e-1a1ac204-4d2166c5-017f6334-20609f3d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dc289fb-b684c1bf-af9ff761-eea9ceed-671e2984", "study_id": 57757589, "subject_id": 11055512, "report": "impression: Slight decrease in size of right apical pneumothorax Findings: Since prior, there has been a slight decrease in the size of a right apical\n pneumothorax, which now measures 1.9 cm. There is no evidence of tension. The\n lungs, heart, and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11055512/s57757589/4dc289fb-b684c1bf-af9ff761-eea9ceed-671e2984.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8456adb1-0d978c75-e15b624c-f862845f-69ec23c3", "study_id": 54357138, "subject_id": 12950544, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pulmonary edema has\n completely cleared. Lung volumes have essentially increased, likely\n reflecting improved inspiration. No pleural effusions. Minimal tortuosity of\n the thoracic aorta, borderline size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12950544/s54357138/8456adb1-0d978c75-e15b624c-f862845f-69ec23c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8d636de-778c058f-d7fe760f-85bf77ed-5a29fbe0", "study_id": 54686296, "subject_id": 12907170, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 5 cm above the carina. \n Previously well-positioned left central venous access line is now\n substantially pulled back and should be repositioned. New atelectasis at the\n left lung bases. Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild atelectasis at the right lung\n bases. Moderate fluid overload persists. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12907170/s54686296/c8d636de-778c058f-d7fe760f-85bf77ed-5a29fbe0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35088b15-cefa4c5f-2ea4570d-fd2485ee-dd1a2957", "study_id": 55855434, "subject_id": 15893596, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were performed. No pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Heart size is normal.\n Mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable. A laparoscopic gastric\n band is partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15893596/s55855434/35088b15-cefa4c5f-2ea4570d-fd2485ee-dd1a2957.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb1326d1-de934475-1d14db45-898a169b-23b0b695", "study_id": 52409458, "subject_id": 11665654, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable subsegmental atelectasis.\n Atelectasis can be a feature of acute pulmonary embolism and should be\n considered clinically. Findings: There is poor inspiratory effort\n and low lung volumes. Linear opacities within the bilateral lung bases likely\n reflect subsegmental atelectasis. No confluent consolidation is identified. \n There is no interstitial edema or pleural effusions. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear within normal limits. The cardiac silhouette is likely\n exaggerated due to the AP technique.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11665654/s52409458/bb1326d1-de934475-1d14db45-898a169b-23b0b695.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ede5130f-90e3eda9-4bdd5b39-d3e5bfc9-005a3115", "study_id": 59270373, "subject_id": 14841692, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac size is normal. The lungs are clear and retrospectively comparing\n with chest radiograph performed earlier on the same day, there is resolution\n of previous mild pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841692/s59270373/ede5130f-90e3eda9-4bdd5b39-d3e5bfc9-005a3115.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "880df7b6-5f0f5600-0dc9a3a8-89d52f8e-bb3f9e8c", "study_id": 57409958, "subject_id": 12317735, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12317735/s57409958/880df7b6-5f0f5600-0dc9a3a8-89d52f8e-bb3f9e8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9eaf4d81-dccacd17-560a5d3c-231aacfb-6fc9cbac", "study_id": 52311476, "subject_id": 18049473, "report": "impression: 1. Diffuse pulmonary edema.\n 2. Possible pneumonia in the left lower lung. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest provided. Diffuse bilateral ground glass\n pulmonary opacities are noted. There is relative increased opacity\n additionally in the left mid to lower lung. The possibility of pulmonary edema\n with a superimposed left mid to lower lung pneumonia is raised. No large\n effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.\n Bony structures are diffusely sclerotic consistent with renal osteodystrophy.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18049473/s52311476/9eaf4d81-dccacd17-560a5d3c-231aacfb-6fc9cbac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5654d33c-357f3b7b-af3bec48-530f07cc-632ff704", "study_id": 55602709, "subject_id": 14395869, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue structures\n are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14395869/s55602709/5654d33c-357f3b7b-af3bec48-530f07cc-632ff704.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23ea0e50-80624355-494a31a0-995adde6-75f97d19", "study_id": 50728729, "subject_id": 17363674, "report": "impression: Unchanged appearances of a large left pleural effusion with associated\n compressive atelectasis. Superimposed infection cannot be excluded. No\n pneumothorax seen. Findings: There is persistent visualization of a large left pleural effusion with\n associated compressive atelectasis. Superimposed infection cannot be\n excluded. No right-sided pleural effusion seen. A right-sided internal\n jugular Port-A-Cath terminates in the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. A\n fracture/osteotomy of the left clavicle is again noted. The left humerus is\n been resected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17363674/s50728729/23ea0e50-80624355-494a31a0-995adde6-75f97d19.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b344f08a-c08a4343-e8d8af51-cf2f4522-23c31707", "study_id": 59120255, "subject_id": 18716038, "report": "impression: Left pleural effusion which may be slightly improved. Possible\n very trace right pleural effusion. Findings: There are low lung volumes. There is persistent left pleural\n effusion which appears small to moderate but slightly decreased as compared to\n the prior study. Left base retrocardiac opacity is most likely due to\n combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis. The right lung is grossly\n clear. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are grossly stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18716038/s59120255/b344f08a-c08a4343-e8d8af51-cf2f4522-23c31707.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "530935ce-d2ee87ee-c67a9bec-027aaf28-34b200c7", "study_id": 58070102, "subject_id": 18569328, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Left-sided PICC probably in the azygous. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. \n Posterior spinal hardware and stent are noted. A left-sided PICC takes a\n posterior turn on the lateral view suggesting that this may be in the azygous.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18569328/s58070102/530935ce-d2ee87ee-c67a9bec-027aaf28-34b200c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc20a846-29e5d273-5447a904-906bed9e-5400691d", "study_id": 51459350, "subject_id": 15765403, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Allowing for slight underpenetration of current study, frontal\n lateral views of the chest demonstrate no definite evidence of pneumonia. \n There is no pneumothorax, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. Mildly\n prominent cardiac silhouette is stable. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15765403/s51459350/cc20a846-29e5d273-5447a904-906bed9e-5400691d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ea30b3d-b639d0b0-68a613b0-0bbfe1e1-f268bf5c", "study_id": 51589086, "subject_id": 18295542, "report": "impression: Mild improvement in bilateral lower lung aeration. Small\n bilateral pleural effusions persist, left greater than right. Findings: Left subclavian PICC line is visualized with the tip at upper SVC. \n Tracheostomy tube is visualized in position. An enteric tube is visualized\n with tip traversing through the stomach but out of the field of view. Small\n left pleural effusion as well as a tiny right pleural effusion, stable in\n comparison to prior study. There is, however, improved aeration of bilateral\n lower lobes with less atelectasis. Destructive lung parenchyma and\n bronchiectatic changes in the left upper lobe appear stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18295542/s51589086/3ea30b3d-b639d0b0-68a613b0-0bbfe1e1-f268bf5c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5f24769-66266cfb-a7ba7506-7fb22d49-4996411f", "study_id": 50829586, "subject_id": 15925783, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema. Standard positioning of lines and tubes. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates 3.9 cm from the carina. Orogastric tube tip\n is within the stomach as is the side port. Left-sided AICD/pacemaker device\n is noted with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n Moderate enlargement of cardiac silhouette is seen. Calcifications are noted\n within the AP window, likely within lymph nodes. Moderate pulmonary edema is\n demonstrated. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Clips\n are noted in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15925783/s50829586/c5f24769-66266cfb-a7ba7506-7fb22d49-4996411f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d71b1f50-0a602bb0-ada45dc5-f5e6d731-9b5748ca", "study_id": 51022688, "subject_id": 11188695, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Low lung volumes are again noted, with\n persistent elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. The cardiac, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged, and the pulmonary vascularity is within normal\n limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. No displaced rib fractures are\n noted, though the right lateral chest is not completely included within the\n field of view. Mild anterior loss of height of a low thoracic vertebral body\n is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11188695/s51022688/d71b1f50-0a602bb0-ada45dc5-f5e6d731-9b5748ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2fe2596-eaa83b71-224e28e6-5fb2c84e-669b3e33", "study_id": 56619543, "subject_id": 11940487, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease.\n \n 2. Small nodule in the left lower lobe, previously shown to exhibit long-term\n stability. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. A small lung nodule projects over the lateral\n left lower lobe without any indication that it may have changed. Otherwise,\n the lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. \n There is a similar moderate reversed S-shaped convex curvature to the thoracic\n spine with mild multilevel degenerative changes. The bones appear\n demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11940487/s56619543/b2fe2596-eaa83b71-224e28e6-5fb2c84e-669b3e33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "191e2903-dfebe92f-80b2a6c8-eaf3d209-2b798b35", "study_id": 56491301, "subject_id": 14039685, "report": "impression: 1. Right IJ in appropriate positioning.\n 2. Improvement in combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis in the\n lower left hemi thorax.\n 3. Retrosternal air-fluid level, likely due to recent sternotomy. Findings: The sternotomy wires appear intact and appropriately aligned. There is a\n right IJ with the tip in the cavoatrial junction.\n \n The left pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis has decreased in size. \n There is residual effusion on the left, and bibasilar linear opacities\n representing atelectasis. There is a retrosternal air-fluid level, which is\n likely due to the patient's recent sternotomy. The lungs are otherwise clear.\n Heart size is stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14039685/s56491301/191e2903-dfebe92f-80b2a6c8-eaf3d209-2b798b35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7c8da5e-99829779-7d5c6252-d6010770-68014ade", "study_id": 54142935, "subject_id": 14108116, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta\n is tortuous and with diffuse calcifications. The contour of the aneurysmal\n dilation of the descending thoracic aorta is unchanged. The hilar contours\n are normal. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The expansile lesion in the left lower rib is unchanged, but a\n sclerotic focus on the ___ left posterior rib is more prominent; healed right\n rib fractures are present. Known diffuse bone metastases are better evaluated\n on prior CT imaging.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14108116/s54142935/b7c8da5e-99829779-7d5c6252-d6010770-68014ade.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8bcbc30-5029570b-f7c8f4ec-ef107cf6-eb11424b", "study_id": 54445485, "subject_id": 15147932, "report": "impression: Unchanged bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Mild\n cardiomegaly with mild vascular congestion. Findings: Bilateral basilar opacification is seen with no focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged with mild vascular\n congestion. ET tube is in appropriate position, and the gastric tube coils in\n the stomach. Right subclavian line ends in the lower SVC in appropriate\n position.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15147932/s54445485/a8bcbc30-5029570b-f7c8f4ec-ef107cf6-eb11424b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97a41087-fcd7accc-ca62c3df-500dad0b-0adca9d7", "study_id": 50896980, "subject_id": 11597474, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been a significant\n increase in the degree of right pleural effusion, which involves the lower\n half of the right lung. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications persist,\n consistent with metastatic disease.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11597474/s50896980/97a41087-fcd7accc-ca62c3df-500dad0b-0adca9d7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c82d55c-8aa11a62-19758bb8-6430fe94-88e0ae90", "study_id": 59523117, "subject_id": 13050725, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are clear without effusion, consolidation or pneumothorax. Chain sutures in\n the right lung are unchanged. Cerclage wire projects over the upper trachea\n as before. Levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13050725/s59523117/5c82d55c-8aa11a62-19758bb8-6430fe94-88e0ae90.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b5f8eb9-733c6fea-1586b6dd-81047714-1f22ade7", "study_id": 59200236, "subject_id": 14678120, "report": "impression: 1. Interval increase in vascular engorgement. \n \n 2. Stable left lower lobe opacification likely represents atelectasis and a\n small effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes. Compared\n to priors, the pulmonary vasculature is more engorged. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. The left lower lung opacification is unchanged and\n likely represents atelectasis and a small effusion. There is no right pleural\n effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14678120/s59200236/0b5f8eb9-733c6fea-1586b6dd-81047714-1f22ade7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "523cc270-889c7a78-d8c4211e-1c679b28-dc1eb104", "study_id": 52987770, "subject_id": 13378784, "report": "No previous images. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged and\n there is some tortuosity of the descending aorta. No acute focal pneumonia or\n vascular congestion or pleural effusion. Probable calcified granuloma in the\n right mid zone laterally.\n \n There is loss of height of several of the mid dorsal vertebra, most likely on\n an osteoporotic basis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13378784/s52987770/523cc270-889c7a78-d8c4211e-1c679b28-dc1eb104.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96699b3d-82735380-0c9948ad-4f932227-fd1bbb3c", "study_id": 55843847, "subject_id": 11477216, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, but no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is top normal to mildly enlarged. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted. Lungs are\n mildly hypoinflated with crowding of bronchovascular structures, but no\n concerning focal consolidation. Surgical clips overlying the upper abdomen\n are seen on the lateral view. No displaced rib fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11477216/s55843847/96699b3d-82735380-0c9948ad-4f932227-fd1bbb3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09c82099-cbc0dc09-55fc520a-c1c585f3-c3c4be81", "study_id": 56322461, "subject_id": 13043924, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with vascular congestion. Bibasilar opacities, potentially\n atelectasis noting that infection cannot be excluded Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate right middle lobe opacity\n which obscures the heart border. Retrocardiac opacity is best visualized on\n the lateral view. There is no effusion. The heart is enlarged with prominent\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13043924/s56322461/09c82099-cbc0dc09-55fc520a-c1c585f3-c3c4be81.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81dee0a7-147eead5-dce4232e-d8ea62ff-567595b0", "study_id": 52513745, "subject_id": 10048710, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained demonstrating clear\n well-expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10048710/s52513745/81dee0a7-147eead5-dce4232e-d8ea62ff-567595b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10e582ee-b601d688-2601e68e-2e704f36-21a6a8ba", "study_id": 52588149, "subject_id": 17918016, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic enlargement of the right pulmonary\n artery compatible with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chronic left basal\n lateral pleural thickening. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. The aorta remains mildly tortuous. \n Mediastinal contour is similar. Enlargement of the right hilum is unchanged,\n compatible with underlying dilatation of the right pulmonary artery. \n Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle is compatible with chronic pleural thickening. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. There are moderate multilevel\n degenerative changes noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17918016/s52588149/10e582ee-b601d688-2601e68e-2e704f36-21a6a8ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dea08370-88132642-3b283dca-7016450f-a6c9549d", "study_id": 54047726, "subject_id": 18716038, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been complete clearing\n of the opacification at the left base. The study is now within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18716038/s54047726/dea08370-88132642-3b283dca-7016450f-a6c9549d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58e9538c-9d2deb0a-26e63fb9-4f488d3c-69d9fecf", "study_id": 55061035, "subject_id": 19101100, "report": "impression: Significant improvement in the right pleural effusion suggestive\n of repeat successful thoracocentesis. Otherwise, unchanged chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral image of the chest demonstrates significantly\n improved right pleural effusion suggests a repeat successful thoracocentesis. \n The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pneumothorax or other\n complication seen. Otherwise, there is no change in the chest radiograph from\n previous imaging. The appearance of the left lung is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19101100/s55061035/58e9538c-9d2deb0a-26e63fb9-4f488d3c-69d9fecf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ee6206a-6e35d7a1-360865ed-207fbcf3-731023e5", "study_id": 56489401, "subject_id": 15641478, "report": "impression: Persistent patchy retrocardiac opacity, similar to slightly\n improved. New right mid lung opacity concerning for pneumonia in the\n background of slightly prominent pulmonary vascularity suggesting pulmonary\n venous hypertension. Although probably less likely, mild asymmetric pulmonary\n congestion could also be considered. Findings: There is a patchy retrocardiac opacity which appears similar to\n perhaps slightly improved. A patchy right mid lung opacity appears new since\n the prior study, concerning for bronchopneumonia. Although perhaps less\n likely, a heterogeneous predominantly right-sided pattern of mild pulmonary\n congestion could be considered. The pulmonary vascularity is mildly\n prominent. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15641478/s56489401/6ee6206a-6e35d7a1-360865ed-207fbcf3-731023e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5bfd591d-0d9813f4-5cbed9fd-fe72d55a-7bf2b869", "study_id": 54653694, "subject_id": 10643827, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing\n parenchymal opacities have overall slightly decreased in extent and severity. \n However, areas of opacities in the right upper lobe, the right perihilar and\n right basolateral as well as the left perihilar areas persist. Increasing\n retrocardiac atelectasis. No pleural effusions. Unchanged left internal\n jugular vein catheter. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10643827/s54653694/5bfd591d-0d9813f4-5cbed9fd-fe72d55a-7bf2b869.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1940c86-e1bbd2d9-1c9d6ab6-e9ad1743-e9acc2b1", "study_id": 52122209, "subject_id": 14511655, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Low lung volumes limits assessment. \n The lungs appear clear. No large effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears prominent likely in part secondary to technique. No\n discrete fracture identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14511655/s52122209/b1940c86-e1bbd2d9-1c9d6ab6-e9ad1743-e9acc2b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d188ef7-f0634ad6-621865d1-3a4341aa-7bf65a9f", "study_id": 53573874, "subject_id": 15582954, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial\n decrease in the right pleural effusion following thoracentesis. No evidence\n of pneumothorax. Left pleural effusion is stable with underlying compressive\n atelectasis. Central catheter remains in place.\n \n The pulmonary edema has resolved.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15582954/s53573874/5d188ef7-f0634ad6-621865d1-3a4341aa-7bf65a9f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd4c30b7-6860640c-ae3b4667-2f1afa64-3dee6f04", "study_id": 57558629, "subject_id": 15482819, "report": "impression: No evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. The aortic knob is\n calcified. The aorta is mildly tortuous, similar to prior. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Eventration of left\n hemidiaphragm is similar to prior. No radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15482819/s57558629/cd4c30b7-6860640c-ae3b4667-2f1afa64-3dee6f04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f65f935-92f80e7b-9ede4f1c-2a96b05c-5db8a443", "study_id": 51638591, "subject_id": 18786508, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no vascular congestion or pleural\n effusions. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. A\n biliary stent is noted in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18786508/s51638591/4f65f935-92f80e7b-9ede4f1c-2a96b05c-5db8a443.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c5789ae-ae4c0c9e-bea0b8dd-70eded84-bff4cb47", "study_id": 59355613, "subject_id": 11401718, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Again, the lungs are relatively hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable with\n the cardiac silhouette top-normal. Some degenerative changes are seen along\n the spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11401718/s59355613/8c5789ae-ae4c0c9e-bea0b8dd-70eded84-bff4cb47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30628fe9-6b9ebb60-47a90481-eb22a870-cb2b051d", "study_id": 55147952, "subject_id": 14546527, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Subsegmental atelectasis of the lingula best\n appreciated on CT torso performed ___ at outside hospital. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate median sternotomy wires which\n appear intact. Surgical ___ project over the left cardiac border. Lungs\n are clear with linear opacity at the left lung base laterally which\n corresponds to subsegmental atelectasis as better appreciated on CT torso\n performed ___. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n evidence of pulmonary edema. No air under the right hemidiaphragm is present.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14546527/s55147952/30628fe9-6b9ebb60-47a90481-eb22a870-cb2b051d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c0ad243-6669bb1a-333e338c-4240cf33-7ec39f01", "study_id": 51604322, "subject_id": 15146454, "report": "impression: Essentially normal chest radiograph. Findings: The cardiomediastinal shadow is normal. No pleuropulmonary disease. No\n sinister bony lesions.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15146454/s51604322/2c0ad243-6669bb1a-333e338c-4240cf33-7ec39f01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0eeb493c-65115a2f-13062767-ca4306ba-fb66eeb9", "study_id": 58429419, "subject_id": 13859181, "report": "impression: 1. Increasing right lower lung pulmonary edema. 2. Unchanged positioning of\n the pulmonary arterial catheter, terminating in the right main pulmonary\n artery. Findings: A right pulmonary arterial catheter is unchanged in position from yesterday\n morning, terminating within the right main pulmonary artery. A left internal\n jugular central line courses into the low SVC.\n \n There has been an increase in opacity in the right lower lung, consistent with\n increasing edema. Opacification of the left base is unchanged and is\n presumably atelectasis. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13859181/s58429419/0eeb493c-65115a2f-13062767-ca4306ba-fb66eeb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ade2f677-1013a517-e8ee5237-93acf14f-590f9ea3", "study_id": 59646154, "subject_id": 18225366, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.\n \n Prominent interstitial markings are present bilaterally. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18225366/s59646154/ade2f677-1013a517-e8ee5237-93acf14f-590f9ea3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66463ff2-d52cba7d-614fdf8e-c58952f3-661a1b67", "study_id": 57671869, "subject_id": 12248936, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are increasing\n bilateral pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis at the left base. \n The right Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed. No definite vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12248936/s57671869/66463ff2-d52cba7d-614fdf8e-c58952f3-661a1b67.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "64b75a96-472166a3-9cc2e2f7-d027e720-406611e2", "study_id": 53764922, "subject_id": 14375147, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Portal AP chest radiograph demonstrates clear lungs. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14375147/s53764922/64b75a96-472166a3-9cc2e2f7-d027e720-406611e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78595dd1-9845d1be-52419fba-a91f7611-3c44c548", "study_id": 54914382, "subject_id": 12902698, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings on plain chest CT examination, thus no\n evidence of acute pneumonia. Considering the chronic changes, the\n recommendation to have a followup examination stands as before. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. The heart size remains\n normal. No configurational abnormality is seen. Thoracic aorta unremarkable.\n The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. Similar as on the preceding chest\n examination, there is somewhat irregular peripheral pulmonary vasculature\n coinciding with relatively low-positioned diaphragms, all consistent with some\n degree of COPD. A previously described local hazy small density overlying the\n anterior fourth rib on the right side appears unchanged. No new pulmonary\n abnormalities are present and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses remain\n free.\n \n As before, prominent breast shadow soft tissue seen on the frontal view is\n compatible with some degree of gynecomastia and appears unchanged.\n \n Our record indicates that this patient has undergone several chest CTs in the\n past, the latest dated ___. In this examination, multiple small\n pleural plaques and tiny right upper lobe densities were seen. These findings\n were considered to be stable in comparison with preceding chest examinations. \n At that time, the report from our department suggested a followup CT in about\n ___ years.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12902698/s54914382/78595dd1-9845d1be-52419fba-a91f7611-3c44c548.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "853f7c00-4403cbaf-f4c27adc-d09a3371-a3edf861", "study_id": 50432192, "subject_id": 15163147, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. There are patchy opacities in the lung bases,\n likely bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Crowding of\n the bronchovascular structures is present. Heart size is mildly enlarged.\n Tortuous aorta with an exaggerated thoracic kyphosis is present. There is a\n mild wedge compression of the lower thoracic vertebral body which is not well\n evaluated.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15163147/s50432192/853f7c00-4403cbaf-f4c27adc-d09a3371-a3edf861.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4b225b9-7f1ccc25-43011aae-a20d4bdb-55013504", "study_id": 55616574, "subject_id": 12764286, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12764286/s55616574/f4b225b9-7f1ccc25-43011aae-a20d4bdb-55013504.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b44f5841-a3601cc8-b5f6dfd6-9c6e8340-e566e6b9", "study_id": 52109866, "subject_id": 11406274, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. Silhouetting of the lower\n right cardiac margin is due to a fat pad, unchanged. There is no effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Left shoulder\n hemiarthroplasty changes are noted. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11406274/s52109866/b44f5841-a3601cc8-b5f6dfd6-9c6e8340-e566e6b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b99243aa-8d078f66-536312a6-8fd6f63e-66480ede", "study_id": 50968592, "subject_id": 11178644, "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity seen on the frontal view in the inferomedial\n left hemithorax may be due to hiatal hernia. No focal consolidation. No\n evidence of free air beneath the diaphragms. Findings: Left-sided inferior medial retrocardiac opacity may relate to a\n hiatal hernia. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. \n No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11178644/s50968592/b99243aa-8d078f66-536312a6-8fd6f63e-66480ede.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29bd3246-d5eae023-e6adf7d6-39cbcfcb-28dc3fed", "study_id": 59660270, "subject_id": 13224507, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13224507/s59660270/29bd3246-d5eae023-e6adf7d6-39cbcfcb-28dc3fed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "184f4fa8-07aaabb3-378bd3e6-ed3a92e2-bb3d1b56", "study_id": 57744571, "subject_id": 15958024, "report": "Comparison is made to previous radiographs from ___.\n \n There is a left-sided pacemaker which is unchanged. Heart size is enlargement\n and stable. There is interval development of pulmonary edema and increase in\n interstitial markings. More focal area of consolidation within the left base\n is seen, and may represent pneumonia or atelectasis. There are no\n pneumothoraces. There is a right-sided central venous catheter with the\n distal lead tip in the proximal right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15958024/s57744571/184f4fa8-07aaabb3-378bd3e6-ed3a92e2-bb3d1b56.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12fc05f6-21ff645e-498d683e-89d9f27d-9f148a4c", "study_id": 56817054, "subject_id": 15590004, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process in this limited exam. Findings: The lung volumes are low, limiting evaluation. Hazy opacification\n of the left base is likely atelectasis. There is no focal airspace opacity,\n small pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The mediastinal\n contours are somewhat wide, though likely post-surgical after a prior CABG. \n The heart size is normal. Sternal wires are intact. Mediastinal clips are\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15590004/s56817054/12fc05f6-21ff645e-498d683e-89d9f27d-9f148a4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2456036-8d9b064d-19202b0d-589a7a2b-0245353b", "study_id": 55956093, "subject_id": 18509183, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. There\n is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion is present. No acute osseous abnormality is detected. Mild\n degenerative changes are noted in the imaged thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18509183/s55956093/b2456036-8d9b064d-19202b0d-589a7a2b-0245353b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d952861e-71888381-bf5a5386-e0f754e2-6219e247", "study_id": 57828597, "subject_id": 12422400, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12422400/s57828597/d952861e-71888381-bf5a5386-e0f754e2-6219e247.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c8e4b7f-61497a04-5fac644e-36429c93-40072d42", "study_id": 57426935, "subject_id": 19071904, "report": "impression: Dobbhoff enteric catheter with tip in the fundus close to the\n gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancing several centimeters. Findings: Single portable semi-upright chest radiograph demonstrates a\n Dobbhoff catheter with tip in the fundus of the stomach just beyond the GE\n junction. A wire is still in place. Recommend advancing several centimeters\n to secure access. No other enteric catheter or central venous line\n identified. Electronic pack projects over the right upper chest with leads\n coursing upward, possibly a deep brain stimulator. Minimal atelectatic\n changes are noted in the lung bases, left greater than right. No pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19071904/s57426935/1c8e4b7f-61497a04-5fac644e-36429c93-40072d42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5342c41-9b359422-52cd631e-f2d43aba-77010f8c", "study_id": 51135338, "subject_id": 15900945, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Hilar contours are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15900945/s51135338/e5342c41-9b359422-52cd631e-f2d43aba-77010f8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97d8365c-ef01745f-09ffa6b3-4c588325-3c345768", "study_id": 54833232, "subject_id": 17798591, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart remains mild to moderately enlarged but\n unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are stable, with mild\n calcification at the aortic knob again demonstrated. Mild to moderate hiatal\n hernia is also unchanged. There is mild pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes\n of the thoracic spine are redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17798591/s54833232/97d8365c-ef01745f-09ffa6b3-4c588325-3c345768.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c49e6e24-22c5ba7d-214b97ef-63f5a47c-2f3b184b", "study_id": 53332245, "subject_id": 15287043, "report": "impression: Subsegmental bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Subsegmental lower lobe\n atelectasis noted bilaterally without convincing evidence of pneumonia or\n edema. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The heart appears mildly enlarged.\n Mediastinal contour is normal. No bony abnormalities are seen. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15287043/s53332245/c49e6e24-22c5ba7d-214b97ef-63f5a47c-2f3b184b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "648120a8-42f33a70-c116c0cd-77b954b1-87a12797", "study_id": 55475119, "subject_id": 19692222, "report": "impression: Right middle and lower lung opacities are slightly increased and more\n confluent. This is suspicious for an infectious or aspiration process.\n \n Nurse ___ ___ have been contacted for the results. Findings: Right lung opacities have slightly worsened since previous exam and are\n slightly more confluent, suspicious for an infectious process or aspiration. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable cardiac contour is\n moderately enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19692222/s55475119/648120a8-42f33a70-c116c0cd-77b954b1-87a12797.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6101b514-4d323c41-cf17f715-f4fd178b-a946c768", "study_id": 59938755, "subject_id": 19561931, "report": "impression: No acute chest pathology. If there is further concern for rib\n fracture, recommend repeat dedicated views with a BB marker to mark the site\n of pain. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The\n heart size is normal. There are post-surgical changes and median sternotomy\n with CABG. Note is made of calcification of the aortic arch. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal appearing. There is stable appearance of wedge\n deformity of T12. No displaced rib fracture is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19561931/s59938755/6101b514-4d323c41-cf17f715-f4fd178b-a946c768.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6df4a16c-9b633947-afd9b019-84fe566a-dd7f37e4", "study_id": 53527258, "subject_id": 18477657, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18477657/s53527258/6df4a16c-9b633947-afd9b019-84fe566a-dd7f37e4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6fbf249-f41da9ea-8a0f98c9-c44fe253-2579cc33", "study_id": 58090862, "subject_id": 11582633, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Study is somewhat limited by body habitus. Heart size is normal. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are\n clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11582633/s58090862/d6fbf249-f41da9ea-8a0f98c9-c44fe253-2579cc33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2b3998f-239fe5f6-437c6361-9b3b9213-223e5c6d", "study_id": 51743402, "subject_id": 10787788, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated, flattening of the diaphragms, consistent with COPD. \n Left base atelectasis/scarring is seen. There is no definite focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10787788/s51743402/f2b3998f-239fe5f6-437c6361-9b3b9213-223e5c6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74a8560f-ee9f938f-df73ead3-6abadf8b-1d106802", "study_id": 56014958, "subject_id": 18351560, "report": "impression: Feeding tube tip in the esophagus Findings: The feeding tube tip is in the distal esophagus. The IJ line tip is in the\n right atrium heart is mildly enlarged there patchy areas of alveolar\n infiltrate lower lobe greater than upper lobe. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular redistribution.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18351560/s56014958/74a8560f-ee9f938f-df73ead3-6abadf8b-1d106802.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "00becca4-be2d595d-00502953-cf166d74-195692b5", "study_id": 54285213, "subject_id": 16251154, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: EKG leads overlie the chest. The cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are\n normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16251154/s54285213/00becca4-be2d595d-00502953-cf166d74-195692b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11d63135-d8849a43-4e164b7b-2ef5b7f7-8cd24838", "study_id": 57671296, "subject_id": 14880642, "report": "impression: 1. Interval increase in mediastinal width with rightward tracheal deviation,\n suggestive of a postoperative mediastinal or paramediastinal hematoma. \n \n 2. Left-sided chest tube in situ without evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: Redemonstrated is a left-sided chest tube is noted to be in situ. There has\n been interval increase in the size of the mediastinum as well as mild\n rightward tracheal deviation, suggestive of a mediastinal or paramediastinal\n hematoma. As compared to the prior examination, there has been an overall\n decrease in the opacification of the left mid and lower lung. The right lung\n is grossly unremarkable in appearance, with no pneumothorax, pleural effusion,\n or pulmonary edema identified. Redemonstrated is the patient's known left\n upper lobe mass. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14880642/s57671296/11d63135-d8849a43-4e164b7b-2ef5b7f7-8cd24838.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10187959-49c3842f-63412bc8-dcb4cc96-335d3e73", "study_id": 51809959, "subject_id": 10515042, "report": "impression: Subtle patchy opacity projecting over the right lower lung on the frontal\n view, not well substantiated on the lateral view, may be due to overlap of\n vascular structures or mild atelectasis however, early consolidation is not\n excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Subtle patchy right basilar opacity could relate to overlap of vascular\n structures and atelectasis although an early consolidation is not excluded in\n the appropriate clinical setting. The left lung is clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10515042/s51809959/10187959-49c3842f-63412bc8-dcb4cc96-335d3e73.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1ef6e27-536cc42a-817b1fa7-0cc2ef23-efb0c48a", "study_id": 51073220, "subject_id": 11793110, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures appear normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11793110/s51073220/a1ef6e27-536cc42a-817b1fa7-0cc2ef23-efb0c48a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80d7c60e-6298e8cc-4d00d585-9688abd5-d4b5cd56", "study_id": 57886238, "subject_id": 14469264, "report": "impression: The left PICC terminates in the mid to lower SVC. Findings: The left PICC terminates in the mid to lower SVC, slightly withdrawn from ___. Tortuous aorta and cardiomegaly are unchanged from ___. Lungs are\n well expanded with stable right basilar opacity which likely represents\n atelectasis. However, in the appropriate clinical setting, it would be very\n difficult to exclude superimposed pneumonia, especially Small right pleural\n effusion is unchanged from ___. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14469264/s57886238/80d7c60e-6298e8cc-4d00d585-9688abd5-d4b5cd56.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0081cac2-b6176e15-e50b0dae-5cecc854-cc3e584a", "study_id": 57081381, "subject_id": 10407582, "report": "impression: Miniscule collection of right apical air. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there\n has been interval removal of a right-sided pigtail catheter. Miniscule\n collection of right apical air is identified. There are no pleural effusions.\n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is\n calicifaction of the mitral annulus. Fiducial markers are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10407582/s57081381/0081cac2-b6176e15-e50b0dae-5cecc854-cc3e584a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff335386-935ec037-aec577b8-e3faddc0-981bfa8e", "study_id": 51326956, "subject_id": 15231181, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and increased left base atelectasis/scarring. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There are low\n lung volumes that accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Additionally,\n there is increased left base atelectasis/scarring without definite focal\n consolidation. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15231181/s51326956/ff335386-935ec037-aec577b8-e3faddc0-981bfa8e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a2b198c-f87263a8-3679656b-2203418b-bb1fefad", "study_id": 51666239, "subject_id": 10793735, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, no focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10793735/s51666239/3a2b198c-f87263a8-3679656b-2203418b-bb1fefad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "047b0252-7f57f82c-01f106e9-eeaba95d-00db6a4c", "study_id": 54251870, "subject_id": 13405183, "report": "impression: Interval removal of ET tube and NG tube.\n \n Considerable interval improvement in previously seen retrocardiac opacity,\n though residual patchy opacity remains present.\n \n New small right cardiomediastinal patchy opacity -? Atelectasis, although\n attention to this area on followup films is requested to exclude a focus of\n aspiration pneumonitis or an infectious pneumonic infiltrate. Findings: Compared to the prior film, the ET tube and NG tube have been removed. The\n right IJ central line remains present, similar in position.\n \n Inspiratory volumes are improved and the cardiomediastinal silhouette appears\n significantly smaller.\n \n Elevated left hemidiaphragm remains present. Previously seen dense\n retrocardiac opacity has improved, with residual patchy opacity still present.\n Minimal patchy opacity in the right cardiophrenic region is new question\n atelectasis, but attention to this area on followup films is requested. No\n gross effusion. The extreme inferior right costophrenic angle is excluded\n from the film. Mild vascular plethora could be accounted for low inspiratory\n volumes.\n \n Old healed fractures of the left fifth ,sixth and seventh ribs again noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13405183/s54251870/047b0252-7f57f82c-01f106e9-eeaba95d-00db6a4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b937bc4-da57d956-27ad3cb9-68320cf4-f8b3f35b", "study_id": 56637897, "subject_id": 19112135, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Otherwise, no significant interval change. Findings: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with slight thickening of the fissures is\n new from the prior exam. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable flattening of the diaphragms,\n suggestive of hyperinflation. No change in the probable calcified granuloma\n projecting over the right upper lung. The dual-lead left-sided cardiac device\n appears intact and unchanged in position. Prominent anterior osteophytes are\n again noted in the visualized thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19112135/s56637897/1b937bc4-da57d956-27ad3cb9-68320cf4-f8b3f35b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83f85cb8-1e6451ad-97fe3341-83547753-3922fbf4", "study_id": 50861722, "subject_id": 18563640, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18563640/s50861722/83f85cb8-1e6451ad-97fe3341-83547753-3922fbf4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2218cc1c-ca5c85de-cc2c67e4-d0beaeb9-4d94cf3c", "study_id": 57423531, "subject_id": 15398519, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the tip of the endotracheal\n tube and of the right internal jugular vein catheter are still visible. The\n tip of the nasogastric tube project over the very proximal parts of the\n stomach, although the sidehole is not visible. The course of the tube is\n unremarkable. However, if secure position in the stomach is distended, the\n tube should be advanced by at least 5 cm.\n \n No pleural effusions. No pulmonary edema. No other changes.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15398519/s57423531/2218cc1c-ca5c85de-cc2c67e4-d0beaeb9-4d94cf3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68e75bbe-6dec7b95-4fc58b66-5242e9e4-4d4ec1e2", "study_id": 59087184, "subject_id": 13532440, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality Findings: Cardiac size is enlarged as before. Patient is status post TAVR. . The\n lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13532440/s59087184/68e75bbe-6dec7b95-4fc58b66-5242e9e4-4d4ec1e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45850f22-4e7f9e06-32ca4148-d84c0cc1-06f28b0c", "study_id": 53684728, "subject_id": 18433395, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18433395/s53684728/45850f22-4e7f9e06-32ca4148-d84c0cc1-06f28b0c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cf8f588-c6e3dd88-a29ff031-54cd91ea-95f7b1e2", "study_id": 51351919, "subject_id": 19524641, "report": "Lungs are well expanded. Minimal biapical scarring is present. No lung\n opacities concerning for pneumonia or pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion. \n Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.\n \n IMPRESSION\n \n No acute cardiopulmonary process.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19524641/s51351919/8cf8f588-c6e3dd88-a29ff031-54cd91ea-95f7b1e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e1763dac-e4b30208-2b2e8266-5156fe86-5175ae4d", "study_id": 50345968, "subject_id": 11791809, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with chronic interstitial changes with likely a component of mild\n interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is rotated to the left. Heart size is moderately enlarged. The\n lungs are hyperinflated. Diffuse leak increased interstitial opacities,\n increased from ___, likely related to background of interstitial lung\n disease. There is likely a component of mild interstitial edema. No definite\n focal consolidation is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11791809/s50345968/e1763dac-e4b30208-2b2e8266-5156fe86-5175ae4d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7e0d474-458a7006-02d8553f-18ddcbde-31464011", "study_id": 59027695, "subject_id": 19101665, "report": "The right-sided PICC line has been removed. The right\n hemidiaphragm is elevated. On the lateral film, there is some increased\n opacity overlying the heart in the expected region of the right middle lobe\n that may represent the previously described right middle lobe infiltrate. It\n is difficult without the outside films to assess for change in appearance. \n There is volume loss seen in the right lower lung and mild elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm. The left lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19101665/s59027695/c7e0d474-458a7006-02d8553f-18ddcbde-31464011.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b33ab48-2b69ba68-197f3273-e81f0231-f3027b21", "study_id": 52793496, "subject_id": 16749901, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of\n COPD. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary\n disease. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. \n The heart is normal in size. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16749901/s52793496/4b33ab48-2b69ba68-197f3273-e81f0231-f3027b21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "844bc7c2-27ef93f9-8e3f6762-09e9d2bc-6c07f0e0", "study_id": 50969726, "subject_id": 17914820, "report": "Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is stable in position. There are diffuse\n bilateral opacities again seen, which appear stable to minimally improved\n since the prior study which may be due to pulmonary edema superimposed on\n chronic lung disease trace pleural effusions are difficult to exclude. Linear\n calcification is again seen along the right hemidiaphragm. The cardiac\n silhouette remains enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17914820/s50969726/844bc7c2-27ef93f9-8e3f6762-09e9d2bc-6c07f0e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "569ebd06-3739c21a-e15d438c-a3433e46-6b5caf47", "study_id": 54009684, "subject_id": 16454913, "report": "The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. There\n is a right PICC line with normal course and the tip projecting over the mid\n SVC. There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. The\n monitoring and support devices are also in correct position.\n \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with moderate fluid overload. \n Potential small left pleural effusion. No new parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16454913/s54009684/569ebd06-3739c21a-e15d438c-a3433e46-6b5caf47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "269be55e-8ccaa90c-69d2afa0-05138685-092071f5", "study_id": 50014659, "subject_id": 16224803, "report": "impression: No evidence of intrathoracic disease. Findings: The lungs are clear. No nodules or masses are seen. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. No\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16224803/s50014659/269be55e-8ccaa90c-69d2afa0-05138685-092071f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f192f7c5-d9bddd56-c8d6e965-3e52a30f-8622f4b7", "study_id": 51820774, "subject_id": 12034911, "report": "impression: Chronic elevated left hemidiaphragm. No acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Left hilus has a bulbous contour, but this is unchanged from previous studies\n and is unlikely of clinical significance. Chronic elevation the left\n hemidiaphragm that is unchanged from prior studies. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. The hilum and pleura are normal. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12034911/s51820774/f192f7c5-d9bddd56-c8d6e965-3e52a30f-8622f4b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83521181-caa9a811-d351fded-b7eec668-c527ca23", "study_id": 55446445, "subject_id": 13125051, "report": "impression: Unchanged marked cardiomegaly. New retrocardiac opacification suggesting\n atelectasis, possibly with pleural effusion, although infectious causes not\n excluded by this study. Findings: The heart is marked enlarged, as before. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear stable. Left posterior opacifications suggests atelectasis and\n possibly pleural effusion although otherwise the lungs appear clear. There is\n only a small pleural effusion on the right.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13125051/s55446445/83521181-caa9a811-d351fded-b7eec668-c527ca23.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06d58375-49d83959-798b8ba2-6232a1d3-c00547c4", "study_id": 55736942, "subject_id": 16392279, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar\n contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16392279/s55736942/06d58375-49d83959-798b8ba2-6232a1d3-c00547c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc5c11d1-3207a550-9ad62851-f62563ae-d716b840", "study_id": 54650586, "subject_id": 17977928, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous\n abnormalities seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17977928/s54650586/dc5c11d1-3207a550-9ad62851-f62563ae-d716b840.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9ead0ec-57b34950-760a52a8-2a9876e9-e189a195", "study_id": 53537037, "subject_id": 19601805, "report": "impression: Significant interstitial pulmonary edema has significantly improved and is now\n mild.\n \n This has been discussed with the medical team. Findings: Severe interstitial edema has significantly improved and is now mild. There\n is also less right upper lobe volume loss and left perihilar nodular opcity,\n presumed to be from the edema. Left pleural effusion is small. Cardiac\n contour is moderately enlarged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19601805/s53537037/f9ead0ec-57b34950-760a52a8-2a9876e9-e189a195.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "647bc836-ea04456f-a42ae38f-8cd87035-94c81e82", "study_id": 51267032, "subject_id": 15583900, "report": "impression: No mass or nodule is identified. Hyperinflated lungs. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate hyperinflated clear lungs\n with no focal consolidation. No discrete nodule or mass is identified. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart is moderatley enlarged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15583900/s51267032/647bc836-ea04456f-a42ae38f-8cd87035-94c81e82.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49bcbe6d-fa2957df-6edd5eca-fdd41ad4-9ff58e5b", "study_id": 52728877, "subject_id": 17756418, "report": "impression: Slightly increasing right basilr opacity, which could potentially\n represent a developing pneumonia. Short term follow up radiographs may be\n helpful. Findings: Frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates continued low lung\n volumes with linear atelectasis at the left base, which appears mildly\n improved since the prior radiograph. The right basilar opacity appears\n slightly more confluent, possibly indicating developing pneumonia. Otherwise,\n there is no area of focal consolidation. The mediastinal and cardiac contours\n are unchanged. Small bilateral pleural effusions are likely. No pneumothorax\n is detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17756418/s52728877/49bcbe6d-fa2957df-6edd5eca-fdd41ad4-9ff58e5b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "269509bc-2682f124-cb585196-d1273195-74c39722", "study_id": 51382462, "subject_id": 10720865, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10720865/s51382462/269509bc-2682f124-cb585196-d1273195-74c39722.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23579610-53c8fa3c-58fd0591-ac5b598e-485b4a2a", "study_id": 53008846, "subject_id": 18802328, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear with no evidence of consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Lung volumes are low. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n No acute fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18802328/s53008846/23579610-53c8fa3c-58fd0591-ac5b598e-485b4a2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a7b95e9-4d00bfc9-cfe7a4c3-38456d1f-28694c92", "study_id": 53929337, "subject_id": 11730422, "report": "impression: Large, left apical pneumothorax with a new large fluid component concerning\n for a postoperative, loculated hemothorax. Separate, small, loculated hydro\n pneumothorax also concerning for postoperative bleeding. Findings: In comparison to the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, there is a large,\n loculated hydropneumothorax in the left upper lung and a smaller loculated\n hydro pneumothorax in the mid left lung. Rightward mediastinal shift is\n unchanged. A left-sided pleural drainage catheter is unchanged in position. \n Unchanged large hiatal hernia. The right lung is fully expanded and clear.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11730422/s53929337/2a7b95e9-4d00bfc9-cfe7a4c3-38456d1f-28694c92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8653deec-55c3ccff-b7c33d77-4b18ef0b-ba572cf8", "study_id": 59267142, "subject_id": 16090178, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear and the\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16090178/s59267142/8653deec-55c3ccff-b7c33d77-4b18ef0b-ba572cf8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "971d47df-ad072b16-6795bed4-52518fa2-25a24b16", "study_id": 57533860, "subject_id": 14919311, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process noting low lung\n volumes. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Low lung volumes again noted on this exam. Bibasilar\n opacities most suggestive of atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. \n There is no effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, as are the\n osseous and soft tissue structures. Surgical clips noted in the upper\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14919311/s57533860/971d47df-ad072b16-6795bed4-52518fa2-25a24b16.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "359c200f-41996129-fd5d6c69-ff91af76-a36af5ee", "study_id": 57377957, "subject_id": 16268396, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The aorta is mildly tortuous. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16268396/s57377957/359c200f-41996129-fd5d6c69-ff91af76-a36af5ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e58ccf8c-959cfca9-1a70fe45-81477df4-b9dcf068", "study_id": 58672615, "subject_id": 12269022, "report": "impression: Possible early/ focal pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate a subtle opacity in the left lower\n lobe posteriorly overlying the lower thoracic spine on the lateral view with\n associated slight obscuration of the posterior left hemidiaphragm. Streaky\n opacity at the left lung base thought likely atelectatic in etiology. Heart\n size is normal. Patient is status post median sternotomy. Wires appear\n intact. Surgical clips project over the left mediastinal border. No evidence\n of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12269022/s58672615/e58ccf8c-959cfca9-1a70fe45-81477df4-b9dcf068.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcf36faf-08e8096b-96050ba6-05aea158-c625c2e0", "study_id": 52201892, "subject_id": 17826875, "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar atelectasis. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion.\n \n 3. Thoracic kyphosis. Findings: There is bibasilar atelectasis. No consolidation is identified. There is mild\n cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. There is again seen kyphosis of the thoracic\n spine with wedging of 3 adjacent mid thoracic vertebral bodies and extensive\n sclerosis, better assessed on the prior CT scan", "image_path": [ "p17/p17826875/s52201892/fcf36faf-08e8096b-96050ba6-05aea158-c625c2e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "139b8039-3eafcb79-b11c6398-a9c465ad-fe4f1f65", "study_id": 51651562, "subject_id": 19963038, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Unchanged mediastinal lymphadenopathy\n and mild chronic interstitial abnormality. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and aortic valve replacement.\n Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is again noted. Mediastinal\n lymphadenopathy is again noted, most pronounced within the region of the AP\n window. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Increased interstitial markings are\n seen within the periphery of the lung bases compatible with chronic lung\n disease, better characterized on the recent CT. Lungs are hyperinflated. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are\n mild degenerative changes noted within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19963038/s51651562/139b8039-3eafcb79-b11c6398-a9c465ad-fe4f1f65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7683ef2-eaff89e7-336f313d-929d3007-b708f4ae", "study_id": 58815716, "subject_id": 10018423, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes are noted. The cardiomediastinal/hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no\n focal parenchymal consolidation. The imaged bones also unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10018423/s58815716/a7683ef2-eaff89e7-336f313d-929d3007-b708f4ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bde83094-8d72e3b2-4f97f1c7-79151321-4ac9caea", "study_id": 54132614, "subject_id": 18939639, "report": "impression: Left basilar patchy opacification could reflect atelectasis though aspiration\n cannot be excluded. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Mild enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with left ventricular predominance is again\n demonstrated. The aorta remains mildly tortuous. The pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. Patchy opacity is noted within the left lung base, findings which\n could reflect atelectasis though aspiration is not excluded. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. Old right 6th rib fracture is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18939639/s54132614/bde83094-8d72e3b2-4f97f1c7-79151321-4ac9caea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec6b52a2-253cc596-058a8b1b-c09e8e8a-2d2dd989", "study_id": 59930933, "subject_id": 18001762, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate an unchanged\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and fairly well-aerated lungs without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18001762/s59930933/ec6b52a2-253cc596-058a8b1b-c09e8e8a-2d2dd989.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5238e1d3-9858c7b1-15156630-4efcc532-5a904be9", "study_id": 54395857, "subject_id": 11069411, "report": "impression: Interval increase in right upper lobe reticular changes and opacification,\n which could represent interstitial fibrosis in progressive chronic\n sarcoidosis. However, in the appropriate setting, superimposed acute\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Findings: Interval increase in right upper lobe reticular changes and opacification with\n associated upper lobe volume loss. Architectural changes in the left perihilar\n region appear unchanged. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax,\n pulmonary edema, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11069411/s54395857/5238e1d3-9858c7b1-15156630-4efcc532-5a904be9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "684f170e-2cb278ee-50386ea0-b78970ce-8ca754c6", "study_id": 50789965, "subject_id": 13648633, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Patchy basilar and right middle lobe opacities. Left\n basilar opacities may be chronic. Right middle lobe opacity appears\n increased, query acute (infection or aspiration) on chronic process or\n worsening of known chronic lung disease. Findings: Enteric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm, distal aspect not included\n on the image. There are bibasilar and right middle lobe patchy opacities. \n Patient has reported chronic lung disease. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinal silhouette\n is unremarkable. Calcified left hilar nodes are seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13648633/s50789965/684f170e-2cb278ee-50386ea0-b78970ce-8ca754c6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f92ee4ef-eba0d8e4-71480b1b-6199852c-e9f32f9b", "study_id": 54846463, "subject_id": 17007441, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are essentially unchanged. The areas of increased opacification at\n the bases have decreased, suggesting some improvement in aspiration or\n pneumonia. Remainder of the lungs is essentially unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17007441/s54846463/f92ee4ef-eba0d8e4-71480b1b-6199852c-e9f32f9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2fb02f6c-20f79083-a816ebfc-fe1a5bf7-f8b54f0e", "study_id": 53418262, "subject_id": 19655295, "report": "impression: Bibasilar pleural effusions with associated atelectasis. Left upper lobe\n opacities, likely sequela of prior infection. Findings: There are bibasilar opacities consistent with bilateral pleural effusions and\n associated atelectasis. There continues to be opacification in the left upper\n lobe, likely sequela of prior infection. The cardiac silhouette is mildly\n enlarged. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19655295/s53418262/2fb02f6c-20f79083-a816ebfc-fe1a5bf7-f8b54f0e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61c43801-8008a266-e882cdc0-44c15f7e-0b161146", "study_id": 54240846, "subject_id": 18559699, "report": "impression: No significant interval change of a moderate right pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis. Findings: There is a moderate right pleural effusion with adjacent atelectasis, not\n significantly changed since prior given differences in the technique. No\n focal consolidation or pleural effusion in the left lung. No pneumothorax.\n \n The size of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged. A left chest wall\n dual lead pacemaker is present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18559699/s54240846/61c43801-8008a266-e882cdc0-44c15f7e-0b161146.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99fbfe88-bc2f9f44-49376576-0d8e927f-cd97d918", "study_id": 51892820, "subject_id": 11020300, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, otherwise normal. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Lung volumes are\n low. There is no definite sign of pneumonia, CHF, pleural effusion. Heart\n size is top normal. No signs of CHF. Mediastinal contour is stable with\n atherosclerotic calcifications along the aortic knob. Bony structures appear\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11020300/s51892820/99fbfe88-bc2f9f44-49376576-0d8e927f-cd97d918.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61137f12-d156589c-e7008703-e1615636-cd92c3a1", "study_id": 53906320, "subject_id": 13964864, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13964864/s53906320/61137f12-d156589c-e7008703-e1615636-cd92c3a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb0df44a-ba88acdb-2047d2cd-f8629b6f-5fd0e98c", "study_id": 59892756, "subject_id": 15190257, "report": "impression: Interval development of bilateral lower lobe predominant airspace opacities\n favoring pulmonary vascular congestion and edema, similar in appearance to ___ but new compared to ___.\n \n This study was reviewed with Dr. ___, ___ radiologist. Findings: There is been interval development of bilateral lower lobe predominant\n airspace opacities with cephalization likely representing pulmonary edema and\n vascular congestion. Overall the appearance is unchanged from ___.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15190257/s59892756/eb0df44a-ba88acdb-2047d2cd-f8629b6f-5fd0e98c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ce04b86-ad7d08da-cd79dd2d-838c6392-f9e65933", "study_id": 56998086, "subject_id": 12550378, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. There is\n no effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12550378/s56998086/5ce04b86-ad7d08da-cd79dd2d-838c6392-f9e65933.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54983f50-c17dd7fb-0413ecfe-edff0f74-30817363", "study_id": 55304354, "subject_id": 15581272, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Tracheostomy tube is demonstrated. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15581272/s55304354/54983f50-c17dd7fb-0413ecfe-edff0f74-30817363.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "078041c3-20ccb6b0-a952be6d-29cd02d3-992321d0", "study_id": 56756609, "subject_id": 18483629, "report": "impression: Resolution of previously seen faint lingular opacity. No\n evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Previously seen opacity in the\n lingula on the lateral view only has since resolved. The lungs are clear with\n no areas of focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Opacity at the left lung base, best seen on the lateral view,\n is consistent with a small fat-containing Bochdalek's hernia as noted on the\n ___ CT torso. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18483629/s56756609/078041c3-20ccb6b0-a952be6d-29cd02d3-992321d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0220e683-8f202cf6-919777c6-d4e30008-80fa02fe", "study_id": 52258443, "subject_id": 19380289, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged with a left ventricular predominance. The aorta\n is unfolded. There may be a small hiatal hernia. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are otherwise unremarkable. Hyperinflation of the lungs with\n flattening of the diaphragms may suggest underlying COPD. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19380289/s52258443/0220e683-8f202cf6-919777c6-d4e30008-80fa02fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6dc32747-85a83974-395fcb00-f4428848-c8e44d5b", "study_id": 51910306, "subject_id": 12365349, "report": "impression: Previously reported left apical nodular opacity on CT is not\n clearly visualized radiographically, but CT would be more sensitive than\n radiographs for evaluating this finding. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable in size. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There remains mild volume loss in\n the right hemithorax with areas of pleural and parenchymal scarring. Left\n lung is grossly clear, and there is no evidence of a left pleural effusion. \n Known left apical nodular opacity on recent CT of the chest is not clearly\n visualized. Multiple calcified pleural plaques are present bilaterally, right\n greater than left, suggesting prior asbestos exposure.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12365349/s51910306/6dc32747-85a83974-395fcb00-f4428848-c8e44d5b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3bb2b8b0-68a4526b-0be74c76-18584d8f-2d57890a", "study_id": 55035069, "subject_id": 10577537, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Hypertrophic changes\n are noted in the spine. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10577537/s55035069/3bb2b8b0-68a4526b-0be74c76-18584d8f-2d57890a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "90e44cf5-9a6fc196-c9d012e1-dd075b8a-87ef9d2c", "study_id": 55275931, "subject_id": 14668516, "report": "impression: 1. Right Port-A-Cath in appropriate positioning.\n 2. Moderate interstitial pulmonary edema, increased since ___. Findings: There is a right Port-A-Cath with the tip the cavoatrial junction.\n \n There is a moderate amount of interstitial pulmonary edema, which has\n increased in comparison to the prior chest radiograph. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Heart size is stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14668516/s55275931/90e44cf5-9a6fc196-c9d012e1-dd075b8a-87ef9d2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c0ced64-a7d3c679-732c2fc1-4969f0a0-3c2cd9d2", "study_id": 55928839, "subject_id": 13073377, "report": "A portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates the left subclavian\n Port-A-Cath with the tip in the cavoatrial junction. A right internal jugular\n central venous line also ends in the region of the cavoatrial junction. The\n patient has been extubated and the NG tube has been removed compared with the\n prior study. Lung volumes are improved. Stable top normal heart size. The\n previously seen opacity in the right mid lung has improved.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13073377/s55928839/9c0ced64-a7d3c679-732c2fc1-4969f0a0-3c2cd9d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "389859cd-723f7ae7-d03ce5a9-93dbd7be-60b4c9a4", "study_id": 51208625, "subject_id": 16019229, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Lungs are well expanded\n and clear. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are identified. \n There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. On\n the lateral view, there is opacification of an extrapleural mass. This finding\n was not identified on prior CT examination and could well be an artifact of\n overlying structures. Remaining osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16019229/s51208625/389859cd-723f7ae7-d03ce5a9-93dbd7be-60b4c9a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08a6aefb-4a4be5b5-c08f44d7-65e2820b-2ac17ac2", "study_id": 54277396, "subject_id": 10269246, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no interval\n change or evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Specifically, no\n skeletal or pulmonary metastases identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10269246/s54277396/08a6aefb-4a4be5b5-c08f44d7-65e2820b-2ac17ac2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "963c3a16-a3b71eba-9ac6e9a7-d0a74280-22d5f13d", "study_id": 58166025, "subject_id": 17908914, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation, effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild mid thoracic\n dextroscoliosis is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17908914/s58166025/963c3a16-a3b71eba-9ac6e9a7-d0a74280-22d5f13d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05c7a22a-f4349be6-40d46a7e-5ca7c3e1-78a9e6cb", "study_id": 54007056, "subject_id": 11828962, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the chest tubes have been removed\n from the left. No definite pneumothorax is seen. \n \n Little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs, with\n opacification persisting at the left base consistent with effusion and\n atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11828962/s54007056/05c7a22a-f4349be6-40d46a7e-5ca7c3e1-78a9e6cb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "929af9f7-7ef3b278-11f13265-850a9c19-33e8f087", "study_id": 53661249, "subject_id": 14372241, "report": "impression: 1. Left basilar atelectasis.\n 2. Mild mid thoracic vertebral body compression fracture, similar to ___. Findings: Streaky left basilar opacity likely reflects atelectasis. The lungs\n are otherwise clear. There is no pneumothorax. Again the aorta is tortuous,\n relatively stable from the prior exams. Cardiac silhouette is stable in size.\n No obvious rib fractures noted. There is a mild compression of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, not significantly changed from ___. Screw within\n the right proximal humerus is noted. IVC filter is partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14372241/s53661249/929af9f7-7ef3b278-11f13265-850a9c19-33e8f087.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8099233-ddbe89ca-36e53df0-25d226d7-37945d57", "study_id": 59894408, "subject_id": 12222086, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary disease.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone at\n ___, at the time of discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n well expanded and clear. The heart size is normal. Some haziness along the\n right cardiac border is secondary to previously seen pectus excavatum\n deformity. Metallic clips in the left breast are again seen. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or significant pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12222086/s59894408/d8099233-ddbe89ca-36e53df0-25d226d7-37945d57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87da9657-971bd3c5-fdffeaa5-9fb9b4f7-ea1ca823", "study_id": 52523900, "subject_id": 18931099, "report": "impression: Right chest tube courses towards and projects over the right mediastinum.\n Interval decrease in right sided opacity likely due to decreased right pleural\n effusion. Residual right mid lung and right basilar opacity may be due to\n pulmonary contusion, aspiration and/or atelectasis with possible small pleural\n effusion remaining.\n \n Interval development of pulmonary edema/vascular congestion.\n \n Right eighth rib fracture. Findings: There has been interval placement of a right-sided chest tube which courses\n toward the mediastinum and projects over the right mediastinum. There has\n been interval decrease in right mid to lower hemi thorax opacity likely due to\n fluid removal from chest tube. Residual right mid and lower lung opacities\n persist which could be due to pulmonary contusion and/or residual atelectasis\n and possible small right pleural effusion. There is prominence of the central\n pulmonary vasculature, increased since prior, concerning for interval\n pulmonary edema. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. Left basilar atelectasis\n is present. Right eighth rib fracture is redemonstrated. .", "image_path": [ "p18/p18931099/s52523900/87da9657-971bd3c5-fdffeaa5-9fb9b4f7-ea1ca823.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a487edf-3baebeff-52661981-65145be8-88a19bb2", "study_id": 53278858, "subject_id": 12298456, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax or focal consolidation. Minimal left basilar atelectasis. Findings: Mild left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise, no significant interval change. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No focal consolidation or edema. Biapical\n pleural thickening is unchanged. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours\n are unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12298456/s53278858/5a487edf-3baebeff-52661981-65145be8-88a19bb2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a6d8685-20d2a954-45fb1211-7e35c45a-13dc041a", "study_id": 56993628, "subject_id": 12994825, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation or pleural\n effusion. No fracture is detected, although this technique is not optimized\n for evaluation for osseous trauma.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12994825/s56993628/0a6d8685-20d2a954-45fb1211-7e35c45a-13dc041a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58b8eb12-7b253f68-debb9264-bdb8e0e1-95acb589", "study_id": 51819254, "subject_id": 19654137, "report": "Allowing for differences in technique, there has not been a\n substantial change in the appearance of the chest since the previous study\n except for slight worsening of opacity at the left lung base.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19654137/s51819254/58b8eb12-7b253f68-debb9264-bdb8e0e1-95acb589.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5da90574-e12d1221-8da63503-a015ed4c-c95aa19e", "study_id": 55763658, "subject_id": 15651435, "report": "impression: 1. Increased opacity immediately adjacent to the surgical chain sutures in the\n anterior left lower lobe, most likely due to postoperative scarring.\n Short-term followup could be obtained if clinically indicated to exclude a\n pneumonia, especially in the absence of older CXR for comparison.\n 2. Geographically marginated fibrosis in the upper lobes with bilateral upper\n lobe volume loss consistent with previous radiation therapy. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. There is suture material\n seen in the anterior left lower lobe as well as increased opacity immediately\n adjacent to the surgical chain sutures, likely due to postoperative scarring.\n There is geographically marginated fibrosis in the upper lobes with bilateral\n upper lobe volume loss. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n Surgical clips are seen in the left upper abdomen and in the abdomen along the\n midline.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15651435/s55763658/5da90574-e12d1221-8da63503-a015ed4c-c95aa19e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e6e8385-51a751bd-5ce6ef30-a4edb48c-b23df31c", "study_id": 52992450, "subject_id": 19853875, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19853875/s52992450/9e6e8385-51a751bd-5ce6ef30-a4edb48c-b23df31c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45513f3d-b244d0a7-7c9d1a5b-4ff63f32-334055b2", "study_id": 57655222, "subject_id": 15310115, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n resulting in bronchovascular crowding. There is streaky opacity in the\n bilateral bases which has increased over the interval, and likely represents\n atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15310115/s57655222/45513f3d-b244d0a7-7c9d1a5b-4ff63f32-334055b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20279af5-0d52586f-a7211677-065f418d-7ec538e8", "study_id": 54507394, "subject_id": 18037009, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Dual-lead pacer is\n unchanged in position. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No bony\n abnormalities are seen. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18037009/s54507394/20279af5-0d52586f-a7211677-065f418d-7ec538e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c3a34e9-bffdb4a9-5bff8847-28c42318-9745f5fe", "study_id": 58221895, "subject_id": 19338803, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax or interval change. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest once again depict surgical\n chain sutures in the left upper lobe in unchanged position. The lungs are\n clear, and the hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and the pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19338803/s58221895/4c3a34e9-bffdb4a9-5bff8847-28c42318-9745f5fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e22bb23-46be727c-7bacc327-d2972534-4e96294f", "study_id": 58522809, "subject_id": 19138963, "report": "No evidence of subdiaphragmatic air. The diaphragms are in normal\n position. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. Minimal areas of basal\n atelectasis, but no evidence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. No\n pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19138963/s58522809/8e22bb23-46be727c-7bacc327-d2972534-4e96294f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7fb8709-80f4018f-ffe2bee3-7ad5e3d1-221f0c06", "study_id": 59753831, "subject_id": 14750850, "report": "impression: No new opacification to suggest pneumonia. Findings: The lung parenchyma is markedly abnormal, with multiple bilateral pulmonary\n opacifications, perihilar scarring, and areas of retraction of volume loss\n consistent with fibrosis. Known pulmonary nodules are better seen in prior\n CT. There is persistent deviation of the trachea to the right. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Patient is status post CABG.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14750850/s59753831/f7fb8709-80f4018f-ffe2bee3-7ad5e3d1-221f0c06.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d53c787e-baf5a373-0584c752-f71ff377-af7b3648", "study_id": 58311400, "subject_id": 18847905, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18847905/s58311400/d53c787e-baf5a373-0584c752-f71ff377-af7b3648.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ba4d59d-4a5372f3-ee4b50a9-5c0fc3e4-1f5bfe22", "study_id": 51282868, "subject_id": 12811128, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded without opacities concerning for pneumonia. \n Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12811128/s51282868/5ba4d59d-4a5372f3-ee4b50a9-5c0fc3e4-1f5bfe22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb69201a-a51d1216-3b8f69e1-5fc8ec2f-5210fbc7", "study_id": 53871147, "subject_id": 17426322, "report": "impression: PICC line with tip in the mid SVC. Findings: Again seen is a right PICC line with tip now terminating in the\n upper to mid SVC. The remainder of the chest radiograph appears unchanged\n with left upper lobe hydropneumothorax from prior surgery. Bibasilar\n opacities may represent developing consolidations, although there is not much\n change overal from the most recent prior study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17426322/s53871147/fb69201a-a51d1216-3b8f69e1-5fc8ec2f-5210fbc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6694e4aa-eff17285-5ec328a2-ddfaef85-db2f199f", "study_id": 59492454, "subject_id": 13707073, "report": "There has been interval placement of a nasogastric tube,\n terminating in the left upper quadrant in the expected position of the\n stomach. No pleural effusion is seen. There are subtle opacities projecting\n over the right mid lung which have slightly increased in extent as compared to\n the prior study, which could be due to infectious process, although underlying\n pulmonary nodules are not excluded. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13707073/s59492454/6694e4aa-eff17285-5ec328a2-ddfaef85-db2f199f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20a4cfdf-2274face-2a34613d-c2145ce9-805ca923", "study_id": 54971276, "subject_id": 19837618, "report": "impression: Increasing size of left pleural effusion since ___ and ___. \n Presence of superimposed infection cannot be excluded. Findings: There has been an increase in the moderate left pleural effusion and fluid\n within the left major fissure. A left pleural catheter is in place.The right\n lung is clear other than minimal basilar atelectasis. There is no new cardiac\n and mediastinal contour.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19837618/s54971276/20a4cfdf-2274face-2a34613d-c2145ce9-805ca923.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5b353bd-64063693-30793448-6b72abe2-d3944724", "study_id": 51845967, "subject_id": 12655910, "report": "impression: 1. New tiny left apical pneumothorax.\n 2. Unchanged small residual left pleural effusion and left basilar opacity.\n 3. Unchanged tiny right pleural effusion. Findings: There is a persistent opacity at the left base, similar to the prior exam. \n This likely represents a pneumonia, and less likely reexpansion edema given\n that it has now persisted for two days. There is a small residual left pleural\n effusion, which is not significantly changed since one day ago. Overall, the\n volume of fluid is significantly decreased since the patient's initial\n presentation. There is a new tiny left apical pneumothorax. The right lung\n is clear. A tiny right pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no right\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12655910/s51845967/d5b353bd-64063693-30793448-6b72abe2-d3944724.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb2f2b64-576f682f-859538fa-e2395bbc-ac352687", "study_id": 50238983, "subject_id": 11374750, "report": "impression: Increased bronchovascular markings in both lower lungs, likely\n related to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung volumes. No\n focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. Lung\n volumes are slightly low. There is an increase in the bronchovascular\n markings in both lower lungs, best appreciated on the frontal projection,\n likely secondary to bronchovascular crowding in the setting of low lung\n volumes. There is no focal consolidation. The heart appears prominent on the\n frontal projection, although is suboptimally assessed given the low lung\n volumes. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. The\n mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11374750/s50238983/bb2f2b64-576f682f-859538fa-e2395bbc-ac352687.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f5f386c-d54bfaf7-7f139e38-fbd5e20f-38c6d868", "study_id": 53268408, "subject_id": 15365444, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the right IJ catheter has\n been removed. No evidence of pneumothorax. Continued opacification at the\n left base, consistent with pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis. \n Although not seen on the frontal view, on the lateral, there is also a pleural\n effusion on the right.\n \n No evidence of vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15365444/s53268408/1f5f386c-d54bfaf7-7f139e38-fbd5e20f-38c6d868.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15c3b8a0-e3dd6739-94d3d68c-cb607251-fddf7550", "study_id": 56331367, "subject_id": 18029015, "report": "impression: 1. Anterior right pleural effusion is new.\n 2. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and trace edema. Findings: Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding are again seen. In addition,\n there is superimposed mild pulmonary vascular congestion and trace edema. \n There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is an anterior right\n pleural effusion. Right basilar atelectasis is mild. The tortuous descending\n aorta is similar to prior. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18029015/s56331367/15c3b8a0-e3dd6739-94d3d68c-cb607251-fddf7550.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ef03cd9-187ef18f-63c447b1-27848239-c602f99a", "study_id": 59076763, "subject_id": 16584374, "report": "impression: Blunting of the bilateral costophrenic angles suggests trace pleural\n effusions. Since the prior study, there has been interval increase in\n interstitial markings bilaterally which may represent worsening of known\n chronic lung disease with possible overlying acute component superimposed,\n pulmonary edema or infection not entirely excluded.\n \n No displaced fracture is identified. If high clinical concern, CT is more\n sensitive. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes. Blunting of the bilateral costophrenic\n angles suggests trace pleural effusions. Since the prior study, there has been\n interval increase in interstitial markings bilaterally which may represent\n worsening of known chronic lung disease with possible overlying acute\n component. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged. Mediastinal\n contours are grossly stable. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. No definite\n displaced fracture is seen. There is moderate anterior wedging of a mid\n thoracic vertebral body, similar since CT from ___", "image_path": [ "p16/p16584374/s59076763/0ef03cd9-187ef18f-63c447b1-27848239-c602f99a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d055ab80-0b5f6e21-96487737-d80fc3f0-ebc14830", "study_id": 54520404, "subject_id": 19827059, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19827059/s54520404/d055ab80-0b5f6e21-96487737-d80fc3f0-ebc14830.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98f892c9-0506e252-bdc7d811-f0fe750c-12136938", "study_id": 52820967, "subject_id": 15192547, "report": "impression: Persistent cardiomegaly without other acute process seen. Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. The mediastinum is stable. Slight\n tortuosity of a calcified aorta. No definite focal consolidation is seen on\n the current examination. No large pleural effusion or evidence of\n pneumothorax. Chain sutures are again seen overlying the left upper\n hemithorax. No overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of free air is seen\n beneath the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15192547/s52820967/98f892c9-0506e252-bdc7d811-f0fe750c-12136938.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "916b71c5-ee108c9c-bf13dfb5-85b560ae-de0179b4", "study_id": 57374230, "subject_id": 10046679, "report": "impression: Left mid lung pneumonia\n \n Left lower lobe collapse with pleural effusion\n \n Increased right middle lobe volume loss and collapse\n \n ET tube tip is 5 cm above carina Findings: ET tube is 5 cm above the carina. Interval placement of NG tube as well with\n distal portion traversing B on the diaphragm and extending beyond the lower\n margins of the film. Right subclavian PICC with tip in the SVC, position\n unchanged. Low lung volumes bilaterally. There is a new left mid lung\n opacity consistent with pneumonia. There is increased opacity in the left\n lung base obscuring the left hemidiaphragm consistent with left lower lobe\n collapse and pleural effusion. There is inferior displacement of the minor\n fissures consistent with volume loss and increased collapse of the right\n middle lobe. Cardiac size appears enlarged in this portable view but\n unchanged from previous. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10046679/s57374230/916b71c5-ee108c9c-bf13dfb5-85b560ae-de0179b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef9059c2-88bd8149-131e547d-e05c2c3d-0d39fd05", "study_id": 53923570, "subject_id": 15485706, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15485706/s53923570/ef9059c2-88bd8149-131e547d-e05c2c3d-0d39fd05.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93c7836d-de93ef7c-11fc5e79-136dfc3f-58f3603c", "study_id": 53703673, "subject_id": 15790605, "report": "Lungs are unchanged in appearance with left basilar atelectasis predominantly\n medially within the lower lobe and a small amount of right basilar atelectasis\n which is slightly nodular, as before. No evidence of pneumonia. As before,\n there is marked elevation left hemidiaphragm likely from chronic paralysis.\n \n As before, there is marked is left-greater-than-right mediastinal widening\n frontal lymphadenopathy. Right PICC has its tip near the cavoatrial junction,\n as before. No concerning bone findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15790605/s53703673/93c7836d-de93ef7c-11fc5e79-136dfc3f-58f3603c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c5c4d61-2662c381-6606e68a-b27aa900-6dcc0fef", "study_id": 50384882, "subject_id": 19484821, "report": "impression: Bibasilar patchy opacities could reflect aspiration, atelectasis or infection.\n Severe emphysema. Known esophageal malignancy better assessed on prior CT. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated with emphysematous changes again noted, most\n pronounced in the lung apices. Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged without evidence for pulmonary edema. Known esophageal malignancy\n is better assessed on the prior CT. Streaky opacities in the lung bases may\n reflect aspiration, atelectasis or infection. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19484821/s50384882/5c5c4d61-2662c381-6606e68a-b27aa900-6dcc0fef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "63007296-1149bd87-042243a5-a0438b4d-167a28c2", "study_id": 51119517, "subject_id": 12895214, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable. Calcifications are noted in the aortic arch. Calcification in\n the right mid lung is compatible with a granuloma. There is no pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema, or focal consolidation. No acute osseous\n abnormalities are detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12895214/s51119517/63007296-1149bd87-042243a5-a0438b4d-167a28c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3010e792-358b4f71-c1334a97-295fee09-7965d218", "study_id": 55942269, "subject_id": 18642923, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18642923/s55942269/3010e792-358b4f71-c1334a97-295fee09-7965d218.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3713d01-4b95ab43-a2210b8d-f7ff9795-6368fa8b", "study_id": 55380173, "subject_id": 19373075, "report": "impression: Mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings can be compatible with mild\n cardiomegaly and/or pericardial effusion. However, even if a pericardial\n effusion is present, there is no evidence of hemodynamic significance. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or pulmonary edema. There is a mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette, which can\n be compatible with mild cardiomegaly and/or pericardial effusion. The\n mediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19373075/s55380173/d3713d01-4b95ab43-a2210b8d-f7ff9795-6368fa8b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea46b42b-ea485848-ba3e186f-f6d426f5-73952faa", "study_id": 52313454, "subject_id": 16691753, "report": "impression: New lingular opacities concerning for pneumonia in the appropriate setting. \n No evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: The patient is status post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Posterior\n basilar opacity in the left lower lobe has largely, but not entirely,\n resolved. New patchy opacities are noted in the lingula. Band-like new\n opacity in the right lower lobe is probably due to minor atelectasis. There\n is a small pleural effusion on the left, probably decreased somewhat. No\n definite pleural effusion is visualized on the right side.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16691753/s52313454/ea46b42b-ea485848-ba3e186f-f6d426f5-73952faa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4827ea36-7b0deb03-3b06b4fb-eb72207d-f6c29d1a", "study_id": 54961881, "subject_id": 16439884, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiac silhouette remains mildly\n enlarged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16439884/s54961881/4827ea36-7b0deb03-3b06b4fb-eb72207d-f6c29d1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d2bc79a-73bab8ea-a03c9c23-af1828a4-fef6cc2e", "study_id": 55876474, "subject_id": 17297649, "report": "impression: Interstitial pulmonary edema, increased since the prior study. \n Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the lungs are well\n expanded, with prominent bilateral interstitial markings and Kerley B lines,\n compatible with interstitial edema. There is no pneumothorax, pleural\n effusion, or focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable in appearance, and a dual-lead pacemaker device is unchanged in\n position. The aorta is tortuous, with mild atherosclerotic calcifications. \n Enlargement of the bilateral hila is similar in appearance, compatible with\n known pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17297649/s55876474/6d2bc79a-73bab8ea-a03c9c23-af1828a4-fef6cc2e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df6166c8-1fa4d432-2692e11c-0ce9f3ae-e9ae8db6", "study_id": 51117635, "subject_id": 18816142, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is a right-sided central venous line with the distal lead tip in the\n distal SVC. Heart size is prominent but stable. Lungs are grossly clear\n without focal consolidation, pleural effusions, or pulmonary edema. There are\n no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18816142/s51117635/df6166c8-1fa4d432-2692e11c-0ce9f3ae-e9ae8db6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c34815f3-ba3b0473-3e4c8878-139f124e-4444c578", "study_id": 56556922, "subject_id": 16238625, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema and small pleural effusions. Findings: The hilar engorgement and indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Blunting of\n the posterior costophrenic angles suggests small pleural effusions. Cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged as on prior. There is tortuosity of the\n thoracic aorta. Compression deformity at the lower thoracic spine is again\n noted, grossly unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16238625/s56556922/c34815f3-ba3b0473-3e4c8878-139f124e-4444c578.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4342dc67-4ee7b7ce-fed45a0c-6548d4a3-a4f86067", "study_id": 59561274, "subject_id": 13665754, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. Old left anterior rib fractures are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13665754/s59561274/4342dc67-4ee7b7ce-fed45a0c-6548d4a3-a4f86067.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79b440ec-313e8129-7c8bfb22-c379965c-4d765be9", "study_id": 52509710, "subject_id": 14658992, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14658992/s52509710/79b440ec-313e8129-7c8bfb22-c379965c-4d765be9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec6246b6-d69cb00b-1838f976-0aa92f74-9e715778", "study_id": 53014238, "subject_id": 17417875, "report": "impression: Chronic moderate cardiomegaly and chronic central vascular enlargement, can be\n pulmonary venous or arterial enlargement.\n \n No acute pulmonary edema. Findings: Given for differences in technique, the overall appearance of the lungs are\n unchanged since ___. No acute focal pneumonia, moderate cardiomegaly\n chronic central vascular enlargement can be pulmonary venous or arterial\n enlargement. No pleural effusions. No significant interstitial edema.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17417875/s53014238/ec6246b6-d69cb00b-1838f976-0aa92f74-9e715778.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0003db13-ec18c5d8-d922bc62-b39ab6fb-60b56b9c", "study_id": 58100756, "subject_id": 14549454, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure with small to moderate sized bilateral pleural\n effusions, right greater than left. Bibasilar airspace opacities could\n reflect compressive atelectasis but infection or aspiration cannot be\n excluded. Findings: The heart size is difficult to assess due to the presence of bibasilar\n airspace opacities, possibly reflecting atelectasis though aspiration or\n infection are not excluded. There are bilateral pleural effusions, small on\n the left and moderate on the right, with mild pulmonary edema noted. The\n mediastinal contours are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse\n demineralization of the osseous structures is present with mild loss of height\n of several thoracic vertebral bodies, similar compared to the previous exam.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14549454/s58100756/0003db13-ec18c5d8-d922bc62-b39ab6fb-60b56b9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9228752-93b1f5db-f63e3f42-02f7582c-d6fbfaad", "study_id": 56685087, "subject_id": 17964648, "report": "impression: 1. Enlargement of cardiac silhouette, which appears to have increased compared\n to ___.\n 2. Mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and a small right pleural effusion. Findings: Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, which may have increased compared to ___. Mild to moderate pulmonary edema. No focal consolidations. \n Probable small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17964648/s56685087/f9228752-93b1f5db-f63e3f42-02f7582c-d6fbfaad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22578bf2-d6cca5a6-9eaed6bd-5bf6f95f-d8674d2c", "study_id": 51034589, "subject_id": 10867055, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. The pig-tail pleural drainage ___ might be in\n the major fissure and it might not continue to work properly. Persistent\n reduced right lung volume due to right basal atelectasis and moderate pleural\n effusion. Findings: As compared to yesterday, moderate right pleural effusion is\n stable, and there are no signs of pneumothorax. The position of the right\n pigtail pleural drain is unchanged, and could be fissural so it might not\n continue to drain effectively. The lung volume asymmetry persists, with right\n lung smaller than the left lung due right base atelectasis. The amount of\n pleural effusion is stable, mainly in the right lung base and with minimal\n intrafissural component. Stable left mid-lung opacity, already described in\n recent CT, without pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10867055/s51034589/22578bf2-d6cca5a6-9eaed6bd-5bf6f95f-d8674d2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dddef9c1-9218f092-735ff1e9-bdc36d05-8973705f", "study_id": 51108315, "subject_id": 16163176, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16163176/s51108315/dddef9c1-9218f092-735ff1e9-bdc36d05-8973705f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db4f94d2-cf9aac17-eb51cc07-53f5d60b-51f1b974", "study_id": 51972465, "subject_id": 19152281, "report": "impression: Interval slight worsening of partial right upper lobe atelectasis\n with associated bronchiectasis, and apparent progression in bilateral lower\n lobe bronchial wall thickening. These findings may be due to the patient's\n history of MAC infection. Consider followup chest CT for more accurate\n comparison to previous outside CT of ___. Findings: Partial atelectasis of the right upper lobe with associated\n bronchiectasis has slightly progressed in the interval. Lower lobe bronchial\n wall thickening, best visualized on the lateral radiograph has slightly\n progressed in the interval. Peripheral right lower lobe and left upper lobe\n scarring are unchanged. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are\n no pleural effusions or acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19152281/s51972465/db4f94d2-cf9aac17-eb51cc07-53f5d60b-51f1b974.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18c79cad-d264b053-3c2d0244-9deedb2a-2caee6d5", "study_id": 59747980, "subject_id": 17380967, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette is less prominent, though much of this may be due to the upright PA\n view. No evidence of vascular congestion. This dichotomy suggests underlying\n cardiomyopathy or possible pericardial effusion.\n \n Single-lead pacer device extends to the region of the apex of the right\n ventricle. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17380967/s59747980/18c79cad-d264b053-3c2d0244-9deedb2a-2caee6d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df5b364c-0d7ef95e-9161a690-0daa4d67-d0f1664f", "study_id": 55402354, "subject_id": 17470135, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions with overlying atelectasis. \n Deformity at the posterolateral right eighth rib, raises concern for an\n underlying fracture, not clearly seen on the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n small bilateral pleural effusions with overlying atelectasis. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and CABG. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. \n There is deformity of the posterolateral right eighth rib, raising concern for\n a rib fracture. The aorta is calcified. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17470135/s55402354/df5b364c-0d7ef95e-9161a690-0daa4d67-d0f1664f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48bb6131-205b6241-4e73a64d-6c69f767-3dcc2d5a", "study_id": 55554181, "subject_id": 12956594, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal\n heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture is identified. Clips are again\n noted in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12956594/s55554181/48bb6131-205b6241-4e73a64d-6c69f767-3dcc2d5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f915fa07-74fc17f2-becc4520-ba075cf4-693027e5", "study_id": 58112238, "subject_id": 19599794, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process; specifically, no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear without a consolidation or edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal, and\n unchanged from the prior exam. The bones are diffusely demineralized. No acute\n fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19599794/s58112238/f915fa07-74fc17f2-becc4520-ba075cf4-693027e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8496a4da-1414ac3c-8eff518a-6664b83e-ad8735d4", "study_id": 55608423, "subject_id": 10728419, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n identified. No acute osseous abnormality is present. VP shunt catheter\n courses along the right anterior aspect of the chest and into the upper\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10728419/s55608423/8496a4da-1414ac3c-8eff518a-6664b83e-ad8735d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb7be1c5-3056c41c-2b348c94-b9b4d3f1-860b4beb", "study_id": 58474022, "subject_id": 12458842, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumothorax. No new large pleural effusion.\n \n 2. Expected post extubation changes as above. Findings: Compared with the most recent radiograph, there has been interval removal of\n although monitoring and support devices in this post CABG patient, including\n the mediastinal drains, and anterior chest tube, endotracheal tube, NG tube,\n and Swan-Ganz catheter. The right IJ introducer sheath is still present. As\n expected, lung volumes have decreased, causing apparent increase in the size\n of the cardiac silhouette and bibasilar atelectasis. There is no new large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Patient is status post valve replacement and\n median sternotomy with intact wires.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458842/s58474022/fb7be1c5-3056c41c-2b348c94-b9b4d3f1-860b4beb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a50689ed-28a8a467-b2b60d11-1f4325c5-6cc32f0c", "study_id": 58037750, "subject_id": 19725377, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion,\n pulmonary vascular congestion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute\n osseous abnormalities are demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19725377/s58037750/a50689ed-28a8a467-b2b60d11-1f4325c5-6cc32f0c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb63f19b-f2ad5354-bee2d521-45d4ca99-75b92717", "study_id": 52109707, "subject_id": 16433605, "report": "impression: Significant cardiomegaly and left lung base consolidation, possibly\n atelectasis. Findings: There is significant cardiomegaly and obscuration of the left costophrenic\n angle which may represent a small pleural effusion and adjacent atelectasis. \n The lungs are otherwise clear. No pneumothorax. Osseous structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16433605/s52109707/eb63f19b-f2ad5354-bee2d521-45d4ca99-75b92717.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8643bb5d-1bb0327f-741774e9-631188f8-64f56bb3", "study_id": 52014661, "subject_id": 11957975, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11957975/s52014661/8643bb5d-1bb0327f-741774e9-631188f8-64f56bb3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46220978-ed999d36-9c2d1e03-0ed0bd6d-dfc558c8", "study_id": 50275576, "subject_id": 18531331, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the preexisting pneumonia\n on the right has completely resolved. The patient shows signs of severe\n overinflation. No acute lung parenchymal changes. Moderate tortuosity of the\n thoracic aorta. No evidence of lung nodules or masses.\n \n Despite negative chest x-ray, CT could be considered, given the higher\n sensitivity of this technique in the detection of small suspicious changes.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18531331/s50275576/46220978-ed999d36-9c2d1e03-0ed0bd6d-dfc558c8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d42816dc-e6306a16-3394bde5-84fb87ea-d987b9e2", "study_id": 54958779, "subject_id": 11947503, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Subtle hazy opacity adjacent to the right heart\n border likely represents a epicardial fat in a setting of a mild pectus\n excavatum deformity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11947503/s54958779/d42816dc-e6306a16-3394bde5-84fb87ea-d987b9e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b5d7a47-6110caf0-a1ac227e-95cba836-1d7c1eaa", "study_id": 57542956, "subject_id": 18851269, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Endotracheal tube in\n appropriate position, terminates 4.5 cm above carina. Findings: The overlying trauma board limits\n evaluation. An endotracheal tube ends approximately 4.5 cm above the carina. \n The lung volumes are low, but no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No displaced\n rib fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18851269/s57542956/1b5d7a47-6110caf0-a1ac227e-95cba836-1d7c1eaa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3180bf7e-21e6a334-79dc6491-d21cf5a1-4c626b6e", "study_id": 54275792, "subject_id": 10296472, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild degenerative changes noted\n in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10296472/s54275792/3180bf7e-21e6a334-79dc6491-d21cf5a1-4c626b6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed411e10-89a0eeca-3d6a5530-0c8f5dcc-87271c3d", "study_id": 51991715, "subject_id": 12802775, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12802775/s51991715/ed411e10-89a0eeca-3d6a5530-0c8f5dcc-87271c3d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb0f14d1-1fe5b7a2-c61d10b6-9015bf4f-6e5c726b", "study_id": 52305373, "subject_id": 17948144, "report": "impression: Moderate interstitial pulmonary edema. Right hilar opacity is worrisome for a\n mass or adenopathy, though an enlarged pulmonary artery is also possible.\n Further evaluation with CT-Chest is recommended. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs. Moderate interstitial edema has developed.\n Additionally there is a 3.0 cm right perihilar opacity in the expected\n location of the right pulmonary artery or a hilar lymph node. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart size is mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17948144/s52305373/cb0f14d1-1fe5b7a2-c61d10b6-9015bf4f-6e5c726b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a308a5a-51be7294-7698dd39-5a986cac-b33e8cc3", "study_id": 55937932, "subject_id": 13005295, "report": "impression: 1. Millimetric right apical pneumothorax has remained stable.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion has improved.\n 3. Mild pneumomediastinum, an expected post-operative finding. Findings: The previously visualized 4 mm right apical pneumothorax has not changed since\n ___. Small left pleural effusion has improved since the prior CXR. Right\n lung is essentially clear. There is persistent post-operative\n pneumomediastinum. Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Patient is status post\n mechanical aortic valve replacement.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13005295/s55937932/3a308a5a-51be7294-7698dd39-5a986cac-b33e8cc3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb51c174-9ef27933-e6da8e59-b09a045d-35465e08", "study_id": 51829607, "subject_id": 11471224, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11471224/s51829607/eb51c174-9ef27933-e6da8e59-b09a045d-35465e08.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2394eccd-c4e15415-1e91ea41-06706de0-4d7b8d15", "study_id": 53696668, "subject_id": 19093342, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No free air under the diaphragm. Findings: There is a right chest Port-A-Cath which terminates in the mid SVC. The lungs\n are overall clear without focal consolidation. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no free air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19093342/s53696668/2394eccd-c4e15415-1e91ea41-06706de0-4d7b8d15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d0c7afa-907508f3-dadb8aee-f812a4cb-d1e5e9ea", "study_id": 59389926, "subject_id": 15151778, "report": "impression: Slight improvement in right lower lung opacity likely due to a combination of\n pleural effusion and atelectasis; however, superimposed pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. Findings: Compared to the prior study there has been slight improvement in opacification\n of the right lower lung related to combination of effusion and atelectasis. \n Stable heart size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours. The left lung\n is clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15151778/s59389926/1d0c7afa-907508f3-dadb8aee-f812a4cb-d1e5e9ea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc0b3fc3-c6eff924-438931dd-3e63b6a4-995fd9c8", "study_id": 56808935, "subject_id": 16562665, "report": "impression: Interval decrease in small right pneumothorax. New endobronchial valves in the\n segmental bronchi of the right upper lobe. Findings: Small right apical pneumothorax has decreased. Extensive subcutaneous\n emphysema in the right neck and chest wall has also minimally decreased. Small\n layering right pleural fluid unchanged. Lungs grossly clear. Heart size\n normal. Right pigtail pleural drainage catheter unchanged in position. New\n endobronchial valves in the right upper lobe segmental bronchi.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16562665/s56808935/fc0b3fc3-c6eff924-438931dd-3e63b6a4-995fd9c8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9603c7e-cc040672-323bd7c3-a66750b4-d347182c", "study_id": 51437680, "subject_id": 17700805, "report": "impression: Limited study given low lung volumes without acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low.\n There is a probable mild bibasilar atelectasis. The mid upper lungs are well\n aerated. The heart size cannot be assessed. The mediastinal contour stable.\n Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17700805/s51437680/a9603c7e-cc040672-323bd7c3-a66750b4-d347182c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aaac4a7a-ac8e9b8a-26cf362d-3c09bb70-2faec76d", "study_id": 53660817, "subject_id": 11581156, "report": "impression: Interval removal of right pleural tube with no residual\n pneumothorax. Stable post-operative changes. No acute cardiopulmonary\n disease. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Since the prior\n study, there has been interval removal of a right pleural tube. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. The neoesophagus is seen projecting over the right\n hemithorax with an air-fluid level. There is no evidence of focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Residual barium is seen\n within the neoesophagus and also in bowel below the level of the diaphragm. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11581156/s53660817/aaac4a7a-ac8e9b8a-26cf362d-3c09bb70-2faec76d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "55203489-9355b664-b4ca7a4d-bc2e4182-01994314", "study_id": 59959357, "subject_id": 16367863, "report": "impression: Small to moderate pleural effusions. No other acute findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No focal opacity or consolidation is seen. There\n bilateral pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is top-normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16367863/s59959357/55203489-9355b664-b4ca7a4d-bc2e4182-01994314.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09c1006a-2d72ee16-8b1b0ffb-e59cbf51-6e326633", "study_id": 54599109, "subject_id": 17355488, "report": "impression: Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates in the upper SVC.\n No definite pneumothorax. Findings: Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates in the upper SVC.\n No definite pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Remainder of the exam is\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17355488/s54599109/09c1006a-2d72ee16-8b1b0ffb-e59cbf51-6e326633.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "670834bf-b17bcbde-1cd7cd81-ab124b76-2cf87f70", "study_id": 53067300, "subject_id": 16129499, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear, without consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16129499/s53067300/670834bf-b17bcbde-1cd7cd81-ab124b76-2cf87f70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd048259-71d3c49a-4d14885f-3c597440-e0858599", "study_id": 52961950, "subject_id": 19452126, "report": "Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable. \n There is a moderate left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. There\n is also a possible trace right pleural effusion. Pulmonary edema is grossly\n stable. Left-sided PICC is stable in position, terminating at the\n SVC/brachiocephalic junction. Previously noted tubular structure projecting\n over the left upper abdomen is not seen on the current study.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19452126/s52961950/cd048259-71d3c49a-4d14885f-3c597440-e0858599.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bdf98f1-790c19fa-92b986a9-11068764-523a8251", "study_id": 56515029, "subject_id": 10704818, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and\n diffusely calcified. The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise\n unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Patchy opacities\n within the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis without focal\n consolidation. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. \n There are mild to moderate degenerative changes noted in the lower thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10704818/s56515029/8bdf98f1-790c19fa-92b986a9-11068764-523a8251.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e3949e8-1a71c4cd-ae526365-24ebc578-3579a711", "study_id": 56601038, "subject_id": 11345788, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with mild hilar congestion. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged with mild cardiomegaly and a\n markedly unfolded thoracic aorta. Bibasilar atelectasis noted. There is mild\n hilar congestion without frank pulmonary edema. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. No evidence of pneumonia. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11345788/s56601038/4e3949e8-1a71c4cd-ae526365-24ebc578-3579a711.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "65457664-e70faa1a-ad206617-f2f02ee2-f32340ab", "study_id": 57748168, "subject_id": 14575446, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube coursing towards the mainstem bronchus and can be\n retracted approximately 3.5 cm for more optimal positioning.\n 2. Improvement of left lung aeration with continued lower lobe collapse.\n 3. Mediastinal contour has normalized. Findings: Endotracheal tube still appears to low, coursing towards the mainstem bronchus\n and can be retracted approximately 3.5 cm. There continues to be interval\n improvement in aeration of the left lung however, there is continued left\n lower lobe collapse. Mediastinal contour has now normalized. Cardiac\n silhouette is normal. Right lung remains clear.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14575446/s57748168/65457664-e70faa1a-ad206617-f2f02ee2-f32340ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f50dadc2-bd5d7158-9ddf3e78-79046503-96b6de84", "study_id": 50043086, "subject_id": 15570915, "report": "impression: Lung base opacity best seen on the lateral view is concerning for pneumonia. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest provided. Left pacemaker and lead are in\n stable position.\n \n Lung base opacity best seen on the lateral view is concerning for pneumonia.\n \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n \n Hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15570915/s50043086/f50dadc2-bd5d7158-9ddf3e78-79046503-96b6de84.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc45561b-6b4e77e2-142e90d2-1dfb62ee-a723bf6d", "study_id": 53309255, "subject_id": 14439989, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. \n Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14439989/s53309255/bc45561b-6b4e77e2-142e90d2-1dfb62ee-a723bf6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eaabeed7-cd54fc24-7a2f49a6-8bf9c7d1-4c272f5c", "study_id": 56998184, "subject_id": 11773687, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The aortic knob is calcified. The mediastinal and cardiac silhouettes\n are unremarkable. Some degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No\n displaced fracture is seen. Degenerative changes are seen at the right\n acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11773687/s56998184/eaabeed7-cd54fc24-7a2f49a6-8bf9c7d1-4c272f5c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83b73735-9a40af6b-ff4abb7f-d922826d-1c2a2514", "study_id": 59322305, "subject_id": 18391468, "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular congestion without frank interstitial\n edema improved compared to earlier same day exam. Findings: Lung volumes are low, exaggerating the cardiac silhouettes and\n pulmonary vasculature with associated bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged with postoperative mediastinum and mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is central pulmonary vascular\n congestion with cephalization but without frank interstitial edema and is\n improved compared to earlier exam. Lungs are otherwise clear. Pleural\n surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax. A right dual-lead pacer\n is in standard position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18391468/s59322305/83b73735-9a40af6b-ff4abb7f-d922826d-1c2a2514.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac5ec309-b15a8c36-3948fa0f-fdc0a5f2-ad2f0b41", "study_id": 58743216, "subject_id": 11925350, "report": "impression: Satisfactory position of lines and tubes with low lung volumes. Findings: The endotracheal tube is satisfactorily positioned on the second of\n the 2 images, 3 cm above the carina. On the first image, the nasogastric tube\n curls within the mid esophagus terminating cranially out of view but was\n repositioned before the second image to terminate within the stomach. The\n lungs are low in volume on both images without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax with mild retrocardiac atelectasis. The heart is top\n normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11925350/s58743216/ac5ec309-b15a8c36-3948fa0f-fdc0a5f2-ad2f0b41.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "575ea341-5cb18693-9352a974-5bb894b1-6d5980ff", "study_id": 53715147, "subject_id": 11959315, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the cardiac silhouette\n remains at the upper limits of normal. However, no evidence of acute\n pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11959315/s53715147/575ea341-5cb18693-9352a974-5bb894b1-6d5980ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42d9510d-461d07c6-d0482379-9e86abc1-8f78f4ee", "study_id": 58405790, "subject_id": 18591903, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Linear right lower lung opacities again seen suggestive of scarring. The\n lungs are otherwise clear without focal consolidation. Known spiculated left\n lower lobe pulmonary nodule is not identified. There is enlargement of the\n hila compatible with known adenopathy which is more prominent on the right\n compared the left. Calcified right paratracheal node is also again noted. No\n acute osseous abnormalities", "image_path": [ "p18/p18591903/s58405790/42d9510d-461d07c6-d0482379-9e86abc1-8f78f4ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41a168ee-c2fb34bf-a91236b8-f875efd2-59b9bc62", "study_id": 50775737, "subject_id": 13234542, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Comparison made to previous\n exam from ___. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13234542/s50775737/41a168ee-c2fb34bf-a91236b8-f875efd2-59b9bc62.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e6ec8a9-95db0911-20870772-6484aa31-ee3aff92", "study_id": 55366215, "subject_id": 15805011, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar opacities. Findings may reflect\n atelectasis, though pneumonia should also be considered. Findings: The lung volumes are low. Bibasilar\n opacities are identified which project over the spine. Findings may reflect\n atelectasis, though pneumonia cannot be excluded. There is no pneumothorax. \n No pulmonary edema is evident. Right apical and right lateral chest wall\n pleural thickening and scarring noted, unchanged compated with ___ chest\n CTA. No definite pleural effusion is visualized. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. The heart appears mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15805011/s55366215/4e6ec8a9-95db0911-20870772-6484aa31-ee3aff92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ddc4f04-63b7af6f-3f599fa4-02ba85a0-c430fa72", "study_id": 59896117, "subject_id": 10577868, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little interval\n change and no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Specifically, no\n pneumonia or vascular congestion. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n persists.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10577868/s59896117/0ddc4f04-63b7af6f-3f599fa4-02ba85a0-c430fa72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c9610ca-6dca6ae5-2190b352-b29007f5-8bc8df6e", "study_id": 59883159, "subject_id": 10910935, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left chest wall single lead pacing device seen with tip in the right\n ventricle. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear. There is no large effusion\n or pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. Tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta is noted. No acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10910935/s59883159/1c9610ca-6dca6ae5-2190b352-b29007f5-8bc8df6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38acd285-ba616b89-86a0c7a4-7776e2c2-fd91b0ce", "study_id": 50729997, "subject_id": 16287674, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change\n and no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion.\n \n Little change in the degree of apical pleural thickening on the left.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16287674/s50729997/38acd285-ba616b89-86a0c7a4-7776e2c2-fd91b0ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c22e879-f68930ba-858219d1-f01c8f41-ce92b97a", "study_id": 54167385, "subject_id": 11113612, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: There has been interval removal of a PICC. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is detected. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating\n cardiomediastinal contours and pulmonary vascularity. The aorta is tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11113612/s54167385/4c22e879-f68930ba-858219d1-f01c8f41-ce92b97a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db363528-d76a18c7-91bcac94-8d1f2afa-3a9c5060", "study_id": 50090167, "subject_id": 15679298, "report": "impression: 1. Early cardiac decompensation.\n 2. Faint right lower lobe opacity could represent either asymmetric edema or\n pneumonia.\n 3. Vague nodule in right upper lung, for which CT or repeat chest radiograph\n after therapy is recommended.\n \n Findings were communicated via phone call by ___ to ___ on\n ___ at ___ AM. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Heart size is slightly\n enlarged since the prior exam and pulmonary vascular markings are increased,\n consistent with early cardiac decompensation. Faint opacity in the right\n lower lobe could represent edema or pneumonia. A vague nodular opacity in the\n right upper lung measures approxiamtely 1.1 cm. Rounded density at the left\n lung base is similar to ___ and likely corresponds to a nipple\n shadow. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Sternotomy wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15679298/s50090167/db363528-d76a18c7-91bcac94-8d1f2afa-3a9c5060.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88c56225-8834c353-984a62aa-cebffa74-5a84fbc8", "study_id": 56941055, "subject_id": 16945691, "report": "impression: Likely left base atelectasis. Otherwise, no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is seen with leads extending to the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. There is left base\n atelectasis. No definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable\n with the cardiac silhouette enlarged. The lungs are hyperinflated suggesting\n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surgical clips are seen over the upper\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16945691/s56941055/88c56225-8834c353-984a62aa-cebffa74-5a84fbc8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14890d57-9eedf462-f9f52aeb-be6a2837-d20bd07d", "study_id": 59411180, "subject_id": 17256683, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is still\n intubated. The course of the nasogastric tube is unchanged. Moderate\n cardiomegaly, mild fluid overload. For technical reasons, the lung apices\n appear denser on today's examination than previously. No larger pleural\n effusions. Interposition of colon between the liver and the chest wall.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17256683/s59411180/14890d57-9eedf462-f9f52aeb-be6a2837-d20bd07d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8279f8f-3d89c632-953ab693-36757827-086068e0", "study_id": 54612380, "subject_id": 18323260, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18323260/s54612380/d8279f8f-3d89c632-953ab693-36757827-086068e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef7bd314-a437048c-f8db7932-3937f9b7-34231102", "study_id": 59163869, "subject_id": 12832905, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12832905/s59163869/ef7bd314-a437048c-f8db7932-3937f9b7-34231102.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aec3a526-de1b2204-e70f6257-d21b7f0e-7a8d655e", "study_id": 51294227, "subject_id": 14760908, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. PICC line terminating in the\n superior vena cava. Findings: A left-sided PICC line terminates in the upper superior vena cava. \n The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14760908/s51294227/aec3a526-de1b2204-e70f6257-d21b7f0e-7a8d655e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3623ab23-51534565-f9de8634-87090723-d58fbe46", "study_id": 57884842, "subject_id": 17981003, "report": "A pacemaker battery pack is seen over the right hemithorax with at\n least three leads seen, two leading to the right ventricle and one to the\n right atrium. There is severe cardiomegaly. Lung volumes are low causing\n linear atelectasis at the right lung base as well as the left lung base. \n There is also a small right pleural effusion. Additional dense retrocardiac\n opacity similar to prior could be pneumonia given the correct clinical\n setting.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17981003/s57884842/3623ab23-51534565-f9de8634-87090723-d58fbe46.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf830132-fcd331e4-8e2f85e7-261878ed-6f570b97", "study_id": 57702707, "subject_id": 13504185, "report": "impression: Persistent, moderate left sided pleural effusion. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are stable since\n prior examinations and unremarkable. The lungs are largely clear. Post\n thoracentesis, there is a moderate persistent left sided pleural effusion,\n larger in size than in ___. No pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13504185/s57702707/cf830132-fcd331e4-8e2f85e7-261878ed-6f570b97.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a626959-46d45b1d-37006835-1c6d6421-90d8902d", "study_id": 58893054, "subject_id": 13304354, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The right IJ CVC has been removed. There is no pneumothorax.There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13304354/s58893054/1a626959-46d45b1d-37006835-1c6d6421-90d8902d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0dd2a442-bdcbbfff-9df71140-312d5783-e3df82a8", "study_id": 54945654, "subject_id": 13403622, "report": "impression: No significant change in moderate bilateral pleural effusions and\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Left PICC ends at the confluence of\n brachiocephalic veins. Findings: AP portable view of the chest. The left PICC ends at the\n confluence of brachiocephalic veins. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions are\n unchanged as well as mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The large\n pseudoaneurysm from the aortic arch is unchanged in size. No pneumothorax. \n Cardiomegaly is unchanged. Absence of the right humeral head is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13403622/s54945654/0dd2a442-bdcbbfff-9df71140-312d5783-e3df82a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "084737b3-f50d727b-40239504-c60c6e07-92682f3a", "study_id": 51430211, "subject_id": 11553956, "report": "impression: Persistent left pleural effusion. Findings: The change since the previous exam. Left pleural effusion. Again seen. \n Right lower lobe atelectasis also seen. The heart is enlarged and the aorta\n is tortuous as previously.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11553956/s51430211/084737b3-f50d727b-40239504-c60c6e07-92682f3a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b1d89a0-d6211ae7-c3b8e154-f79775fb-d260b573", "study_id": 51366329, "subject_id": 17406645, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well\n expanded clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17406645/s51366329/7b1d89a0-d6211ae7-c3b8e154-f79775fb-d260b573.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13f38c4a-955d5bf0-d21d716f-4707712e-f8fc4096", "study_id": 56194331, "subject_id": 14692052, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Relatively low lung volumes are seen with\n secondary crowding of bronchovascular markings. The lungs are clear\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Hypertrophic changes are seen in the spine. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14692052/s56194331/13f38c4a-955d5bf0-d21d716f-4707712e-f8fc4096.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e104ec34-cde70139-37b18c77-1e799294-63b27af9", "study_id": 57133018, "subject_id": 19642116, "report": "impression: Left pulmonary nodule as on prior. Small right pleural effusion.\n Hyperinflation. Findings: As seen on recent CT, there is a 2 cm lingular nodule. Blunting of the right\n costophrenic angle suggests small effusion. The lungs are hyperinflated but\n otherwise clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No\n acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19642116/s57133018/e104ec34-cde70139-37b18c77-1e799294-63b27af9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8256cc5f-1584b0e8-241320f1-884107e2-ca0a67ac", "study_id": 59556959, "subject_id": 12780990, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The patient is rotated somewhat to the left. No focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12780990/s59556959/8256cc5f-1584b0e8-241320f1-884107e2-ca0a67ac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97ec2072-0a00969c-8cc6d203-593dce5a-ba7551c7", "study_id": 57652724, "subject_id": 14522445, "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The heart appears\n mildly enlarged, and perhaps minimally increased from the prior exam. There\n is no overt edema, pneumonia. There is mild indistinctness of the pulmonary\n hilar vasculature which could indicate mild congestion. No pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion is seen. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14522445/s57652724/97ec2072-0a00969c-8cc6d203-593dce5a-ba7551c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09519df7-5af0b15e-9ae915d4-c8201379-cbe22f51", "study_id": 58196356, "subject_id": 18923738, "report": "impression: Pneumomediastinum with air tracking into the soft tissues of the neck. No\n pneumothorax. Recommend clinical correlation for injury to the hypopharynx\n and for the presence of infection. Findings: Air is seen tracking within the soft tissues of the neck and within the\n mediastinum. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The\n imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18923738/s58196356/09519df7-5af0b15e-9ae915d4-c8201379-cbe22f51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df3d7205-18c96293-fe6d89ce-400fd65a-ada6b423", "study_id": 56290966, "subject_id": 14948594, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Hypertrophic changes seen the spine, no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14948594/s56290966/df3d7205-18c96293-fe6d89ce-400fd65a-ada6b423.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8911349-be7a7f21-5b263570-10317e1a-5e6864c7", "study_id": 57693003, "subject_id": 18895168, "report": "impression: Diffuse increase in interstitial markings bilaterally could be due to\n pulmonary edema, atypical infection, or related to chronic lung disease ; no\n prior chest radiographs available for comparison.\n More focal opacity at the lateral right lung base could be due to infection.\n \n Prominent right apical thickening, possibly pleural ; recommend comparison\n with remote prior chest radiographs to assess for chronicity, otherwise,\n followup outpatient chest CT for further assessment. Findings: A left-sided PICC terminates in the proximal SVC.There is diffuse increase in\n interstitial markings bilaterally which may be due to moderate pulmonary edema\n and/or atypical infection. A more focal opacity is seen in the lateral right\n lower lung, which could also relate to infection. There is prominent right\n apical thickening. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top-normal. The aorta is tortuous. The partially\n imaged humeral heads are high riding, which can be seen in rotator cuff\n disease.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18895168/s57693003/b8911349-be7a7f21-5b263570-10317e1a-5e6864c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c18908b-94955ade-ee0b642c-63fc39ca-42cebefd", "study_id": 53175883, "subject_id": 14976423, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right chest tube has\n been removed. The extent of the pleural effusion is constant. There is no\n interval appearance of pneumothorax. The other lung parenchymal and pleural\n opacities on the right are minimally decreased. On the left, there is\n constant retrocardiac atelectasis but slightly improved ventilation of the\n upper and mid portions of the lung. The size of the cardiac silhouette\n remains moderately enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14976423/s53175883/9c18908b-94955ade-ee0b642c-63fc39ca-42cebefd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "802f61d8-18495557-65a1dfcb-5609bc4d-dc6187af", "study_id": 59497040, "subject_id": 10191971, "report": "impression: Slight worsening of widespread perihilar and right basilar opacities\n reflective of lymphomatous infiltration with superimposed bronchitis. More\n focal opacity in the right lung base is concerning for pneumonia. Small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is unchanged. Fullness of\n the hila bilaterally along with widespread perihilar ill-defined opacities and\n more focal opacification in the right lung base appear slightly progressed in\n the interval. No pneumothorax is demonstrated. Small right pleural effusion\n is noted. There is no acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10191971/s59497040/802f61d8-18495557-65a1dfcb-5609bc4d-dc6187af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1dc40407-1324bf89-f4601ec4-47c76393-e1757827", "study_id": 55993735, "subject_id": 19005671, "report": "impression: 1. Interval placement of right chest drain with tip projecting over the\n mid-upper hemithorax, just below the uppermost aspect of the effusion without\n typical pig-tail configuration. The position of this drain may be inadequate\n to clear the pleural effusion.\n \n 2. No change otherwise. Findings: A right chest drain has been placed in the interim, projecting over the right\n mid hemithorax just under the superior aspect of the opacity that likely\n pleural effusion. The tip of the catheters straight and does not have the\n \"pigtail appearance. No significant subcutaneous emphysema. Mottled\n appearance of the bones is consistent with history of multiple myeloma with\n bilateral chronic rib deformities likely old pathologic fractures. No\n significant change in bilateral large right and moderate left pleural\n effusions. Underlying pneumonia cannot be excluded. No pneumothorax. Heart\n size cannot be assessed.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19005671/s55993735/1dc40407-1324bf89-f4601ec4-47c76393-e1757827.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3ca645a-76cc85da-7be93d2b-d319ebc6-27f4d871", "study_id": 57338088, "subject_id": 15573937, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal. Except for streaky left basilar\n atelectasis, lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15573937/s57338088/f3ca645a-76cc85da-7be93d2b-d319ebc6-27f4d871.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3bf38ab-54e1178e-e3ce5c75-7d0137c6-62430e17", "study_id": 53865667, "subject_id": 13066975, "report": "impression: No change in the right upper lobe pneumonia.\n \n Stable asymmetric pulmonary edema.\n \n The left hemidiaphragm is slightly elevated. Streaky opacities at the left\n lung base likely atelectasis versus edema however pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. Findings: Right upper lobe consolidation is unchanged. Asymmetric pulmonary edema more\n prominent on the right is unchanged. There is likely a small right pleural\n effusion. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Streaky opacities at the\n left base likely atelectasis versus edema however pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. Heart size is normal. Hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.\n \n The ET tube is in standard position. Right IJ catheter terminates in the mid\n SVC. Enteric tube enters into the stomach and out of view.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13066975/s53865667/c3bf38ab-54e1178e-e3ce5c75-7d0137c6-62430e17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e6dacd8-3fe8fc8f-ab8663a3-bd564038-f4cb5f78", "study_id": 50694793, "subject_id": 11452869, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the left chest tube is in\n unchanged position. The lung volumes have increased. There is no evidence\n for the interval appearance of left pneumothorax. Small apical lateral left\n pleural fluid accumulation. Unchanged cardiomegaly with minimal fluid\n overload and left basal atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11452869/s50694793/3e6dacd8-3fe8fc8f-ab8663a3-bd564038-f4cb5f78.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ef15e2f-97d977da-0e5062e9-d6a05f35-7c2e9050", "study_id": 55880687, "subject_id": 18553599, "report": "The current image shows, better than the previous radiograph from\n 3:12 p.m., a relatively large left apical pneumothorax. The pneumothorax\n appears to have increased. The collapsed left lung is difficult to\n differentiate against the left aspects of the cardiac silhouette and the\n obviously present pleural fluid collection that had newly appeared since this\n morning, but is not substantially changed as compared to 3:12 p.m.\n \n The appearance of the multiple displaced rib fractures is constant. CT would\n be helpful in differentiating between collapsed left lung and potentially\n hemorrhagic pleural effusion, and to reliably determined the true extent of\n the left pneumothorax.\n \n Unchanged appearance of the right lung.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18553599/s55880687/4ef15e2f-97d977da-0e5062e9-d6a05f35-7c2e9050.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f2fecaa-a59c6e75-cdb04c65-ceed79b5-815e69d9", "study_id": 56613816, "subject_id": 16703717, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16703717/s56613816/2f2fecaa-a59c6e75-cdb04c65-ceed79b5-815e69d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45bc55ce-d46a4152-193b91e5-32c8a18a-3991c179", "study_id": 55197779, "subject_id": 15800920, "report": "impression: Interval placement of right internal jugular central line which has its tip at\n the cavoatrial junction. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are stably\n enlarged. The aorta is somewhat unfolded and tortuous. There continues to be\n pulmonary venous hypertension with no overt pulmonary edema. Streaky\n bibasilar opacities consistent with subsegmental atelectasis. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 01:07 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15800920/s55197779/45bc55ce-d46a4152-193b91e5-32c8a18a-3991c179.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4eb77e50-286d8ae5-6733a854-0c978267-e656765d", "study_id": 55531350, "subject_id": 18208117, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic findings. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is largely\n unremarkable. Though the hila appear prominent, no definite consolidation is\n identified. There is probable left basilar atalectasis. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18208117/s55531350/4eb77e50-286d8ae5-6733a854-0c978267-e656765d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf96d069-f39a5cff-952a9111-e122df1f-e38a6f96", "study_id": 52931821, "subject_id": 14877188, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unchanged, with the heart size mildly enlarged. Prominence of\n the right paratracheal stripe is attributable to the presence of tortuous\n vessels and mediastinal lipomatosis as seen on the prior CT chest from ___. Lungs are hyperinflated. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal\n limits. Lateral pleural thickening is noted near the lung bases, stable. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. \n Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are present.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14877188/s52931821/bf96d069-f39a5cff-952a9111-e122df1f-e38a6f96.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "463b798a-266cb137-f301fb06-e5dfe28b-b1418e92", "study_id": 57235196, "subject_id": 18848718, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate clear,\n well-expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18848718/s57235196/463b798a-266cb137-f301fb06-e5dfe28b-b1418e92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9bfe367-d834d407-a036dfde-2f418126-70868e34", "study_id": 50189943, "subject_id": 15862465, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15862465/s50189943/f9bfe367-d834d407-a036dfde-2f418126-70868e34.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82fdcdb6-c607f503-1225acda-0853a400-7512b7a1", "study_id": 50240849, "subject_id": 13881195, "report": "impression: Interval development of retrocardiac opacity silhouetting the\n hemidiaphragm suspicious for pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. \n Underlying effusion and component of atelectasis is also possible. Left upper\n lobe region of consolidation is again seen as well. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to plain film from\n ___ and chest CT from ___. New compared to prior,\n however, is a left basilar opacity which silhouettes the hemidiaphragm,\n potentially related to interval development of pneumonia. There is a possible\n underlying effusion and left upper lung region of consolidation again seen. \n Surgical chain sutures project over left upper lobe. Right lung is\n essentially clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Hypertrophic\n changes in the spine and likely post-surgical changes seen at the right\n acromion and right humeral head.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13881195/s50240849/82fdcdb6-c607f503-1225acda-0853a400-7512b7a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fe8b9fd-cb42d374-bf6e5cb1-428a9a87-9048e4f5", "study_id": 50702440, "subject_id": 17447497, "report": "impression: Large area of right upper lobe consolidation consistent with\n pneumonia. Recommend followup to resolution. Interstitial opacities again\n seen at the lung bases may be due to chronic interstitial lung disease with\n possible overlying edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is a\n large area of consolidation in the right upper lobe, mostly posteriorly,\n highly worrisome for pneumonia. There are additional areas of opacity in the\n bilateral lung bases, which are similar in comparison to the prior study and\n may relate to patient's chronic interstitial lung disease. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable and unremarkable. Multiple old right-sided rib fractures are again\n seen. Linear opacity projecting over the left lateral upper-to-mid thorax is\n stable and chronic.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17447497/s50702440/1fe8b9fd-cb42d374-bf6e5cb1-428a9a87-9048e4f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82429bb0-f267deb2-8a437454-25b79fc8-a515c1fd", "study_id": 50434019, "subject_id": 19348830, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged with atherosclerotic calcifications again seen throughout the aorta.\n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19348830/s50434019/82429bb0-f267deb2-8a437454-25b79fc8-a515c1fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c1929533-4b4f4cfb-77fd0ad7-b70fc4ba-8360e4e3", "study_id": 54423890, "subject_id": 12072521, "report": "impression: 1. Questionable left tiny apical pneumothorax. Recommend repeat radiograph.\n \n 2. A left ICD/Pacemaker with lead terminating in the right ventricle is new\n from ___.\n \n 3. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n A left ICD/Pacemaker with lead terminating in the right ventricle is new.\n \n Lungs are well inflated and grossly clear. Minimal atelectasis at the lingula\n is unchanged.\n \n No pleural effusion. There is a questionable, tiny apical pneumothorax.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12072521/s54423890/c1929533-4b4f4cfb-77fd0ad7-b70fc4ba-8360e4e3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75ebfce8-d25d0f32-29786b8d-e1ec427b-0eec1b06", "study_id": 59831432, "subject_id": 14627593, "report": "impression: Lines and tubes as above. Left basilar opacity possibly due to combination of\n effusion and atelectasis or consolidation. Linear lucency in the abdomen most\n suspicious for pneumoperitoneum with distended viscus in the mid to left\n abdomen. \n \n Patient had been taken to the operating room at time of this interpretation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest and upper abdomen. Endotracheal tube is\n seen with tip 3.5 cm from the carina. Nasogastric tube seen with tip in the\n region of the gastroesophageal junction. Right internal jugular central\n venous catheter seen with tip in that the RA/SVC junction. Right-sided chest\n tube is identified. There is no visualized pneumothorax present based on a\n supine film. Dense retrocardiac opacity seen potentially due to combination\n of effusion, atelectasis or consolidation. Cardiac silhouette is within\n normal limits.\n \n Linear lucency in the right hemiabdomen may outline the liver edge and is\n suspicious for pneumoperitoneum. There is a large distended loop of bowel\n which occupies the majority of the left and mid abdomen. It is uncertain\n whether this is gastric or colonic. Osseous structures demonstrate no acute\n abnormality noting midthoracic dextroscoliosis.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14627593/s59831432/75ebfce8-d25d0f32-29786b8d-e1ec427b-0eec1b06.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d2063db6-a7398d3b-1727282d-2af7e02d-12cb2442", "study_id": 50532831, "subject_id": 17384571, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. There is minimal prominence of the\n main pulmonary artery, which may be positional, although mild enlargement of\n the pulmonary arteries is not excluded and could be further evaluated on CT.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17384571/s50532831/d2063db6-a7398d3b-1727282d-2af7e02d-12cb2442.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30a050be-3e69842e-00a4a78b-fd5bccf4-07d57db3", "study_id": 56803028, "subject_id": 16954385, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart\n size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No displaced rib\n fracture is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16954385/s56803028/30a050be-3e69842e-00a4a78b-fd5bccf4-07d57db3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "508f7a0a-4a2aab29-71f674c4-54e49c6b-2e3604c6", "study_id": 56226084, "subject_id": 15729731, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial\n improvement with virtual complete resolution of the bilateral pulmonary\n opacifications.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15729731/s56226084/508f7a0a-4a2aab29-71f674c4-54e49c6b-2e3604c6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b43a43d-f78b11ab-6be1111c-35671f3b-79714ccf", "study_id": 52753150, "subject_id": 15713373, "report": "impression: Minimal change since the prior study. No evidence of pulmonary\n edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate minimal\n interval change from the prior study. Stable cardiomegaly is noted. The\n lungs are clear. The heart, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Degenerative changes of the spine are again noted and stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15713373/s52753150/9b43a43d-f78b11ab-6be1111c-35671f3b-79714ccf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6884ffa1-269771f3-75d266d1-e4af21de-f2550b5f", "study_id": 54300064, "subject_id": 10433079, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours\n are normal. The pulmonary vascularity is normal, and the lungs are clear. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n No acute osseous abnormality is visualized. Mild scoliosis of the\n thoracolumbar spine, convex to the left is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10433079/s54300064/6884ffa1-269771f3-75d266d1-e4af21de-f2550b5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "863195d4-5a504f3e-9286e9d4-4e971de2-635b2794", "study_id": 56145148, "subject_id": 17665357, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs again demonstrate a cardiac silhouette\n which is top-normal in size with left ventricular configuration. The lungs\n are clear, without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17665357/s56145148/863195d4-5a504f3e-9286e9d4-4e971de2-635b2794.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d837edfa-f3b98b40-542547c8-f33c8ceb-ebb8fc22", "study_id": 52845823, "subject_id": 15330926, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Dual lead left-sided AICD is again seen, similar position. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated with relative lucency of the upper lobes, consistent with\n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary emphysema. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. Wet degenerative changes of the spine\n are again visualized with flowing anterior osteophytes involving the upper and\n mid thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p15/p15330926/s52845823/d837edfa-f3b98b40-542547c8-f33c8ceb-ebb8fc22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "77b63242-d41932b3-8e600eb4-60451831-498b8c5f", "study_id": 56504777, "subject_id": 10165220, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No definite rib fracture\n identified, however, if desired, repeat exam of the ribs can be performed with\n BB in place. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___.\n \n The lungs remain clear. Costophrenic angles are sharp and there is no\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous structures are grossly unremarkable without visualized fracture. \n Surgical clips identified in the upper quadrant on the lateral not seen on the\n frontal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10165220/s56504777/77b63242-d41932b3-8e600eb4-60451831-498b8c5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e50e479-0482c5d9-f34922da-2eab705e-0aec8069", "study_id": 53472133, "subject_id": 10974948, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is present. The aorta remains mildly\n tortuous. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Streaky opacities are seen in the lung bases\n likely reflective of atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Remote left eighth chronic rib fracture is noted. Clips are noted\n in the region of the gastroesophageal junction.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10974948/s53472133/4e50e479-0482c5d9-f34922da-2eab705e-0aec8069.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "942880b8-43a83ff1-bd4f9a6f-5e2f2e06-590dfe86", "study_id": 53763621, "subject_id": 19623574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is upper limits of normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n remarkable for a mildly tortuous thoracic aorta. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There\n are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19623574/s53763621/942880b8-43a83ff1-bd4f9a6f-5e2f2e06-590dfe86.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "822e7499-a38beab6-e0c4c2ab-57d7f716-30abfdf6", "study_id": 59166482, "subject_id": 15549393, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are moderate degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p15/p15549393/s59166482/822e7499-a38beab6-e0c4c2ab-57d7f716-30abfdf6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11a8a8b0-250776af-4d2c80c3-8b3447dd-594b656c", "study_id": 50885499, "subject_id": 14490385, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Mild elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is again noted. There is chronic atelectasis of the right lung\n base better seen on same-day CT abdomen pelvis with tiny right pleural\n effusion. There is mild left lower lung atelectasis. No convincing evidence\n for pneumonia or edema. The heart is top-normal in size. Mediastinal contour\n is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14490385/s50885499/11a8a8b0-250776af-4d2c80c3-8b3447dd-594b656c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e72ead5-c7822f85-e1df641e-c9eb2394-82b6fdb2", "study_id": 50240187, "subject_id": 16833802, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The aorta is\n mildly unfolded with some aortic knob calcifications. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal, and the hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16833802/s50240187/5e72ead5-c7822f85-e1df641e-c9eb2394-82b6fdb2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43ee4e7e-7b6a1edb-ac79f98a-3365512e-936d99db", "study_id": 54851823, "subject_id": 14269614, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14269614/s54851823/43ee4e7e-7b6a1edb-ac79f98a-3365512e-936d99db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26c09db1-b994730a-370081ac-41983568-2f2f9b33", "study_id": 50164690, "subject_id": 13697731, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is an improvement,\n with near-complete resolution of the pre-existing right pleural effusion. The\n heart continues to be borderline in size and the retrocardiac areas of\n atelectasis persist. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The monitoring and\n support devices are constant.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13697731/s50164690/26c09db1-b994730a-370081ac-41983568-2f2f9b33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3b9a5b9-21bca150-65efa4fe-c02d860d-d2d8d658", "study_id": 57735740, "subject_id": 14886080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. Aside from mild vascular\n crowding at the lung bases, there is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14886080/s57735740/c3b9a5b9-21bca150-65efa4fe-c02d860d-d2d8d658.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b24d2c5-2d072d1b-0ea268ec-3ce39c47-4deb38a5", "study_id": 56974780, "subject_id": 12661334, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low. This accentuates the size of the cardiac\n silhouette which is borderline enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute\n osseous abnormalities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12661334/s56974780/2b24d2c5-2d072d1b-0ea268ec-3ce39c47-4deb38a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03870066-4eb76b29-063a7b14-50183da2-c336edde", "study_id": 59121398, "subject_id": 11900074, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube is at the carina and should be withdrawn by at least 3\n cm. This was discussed with ___, MD at 2:55pm, ___. Orogastric\n tube tip is within the stomach. \n \n 2. Bibasilar opacities may reflect aspiration or infection. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Endotracheal tube tip is at the\n carina. Orogastric tube tip is within the stomach. The heart size is normal.\n The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Focal opacity within the\n right lung base may reflect an area of infection or aspiration. Patchy\n opacity is also demonstrated in the left lung base. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities otherwise demonstrated.\n Remote left rib fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11900074/s59121398/03870066-4eb76b29-063a7b14-50183da2-c336edde.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5e31ae7-530d0ef0-5bf7ad03-a7b9bb96-4882d4cb", "study_id": 54234021, "subject_id": 10779234, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are moderate degenerative changes in\n the thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p10/p10779234/s54234021/e5e31ae7-530d0ef0-5bf7ad03-a7b9bb96-4882d4cb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fffcdc7-4a5b759a-2b151476-93889449-c4e5e590", "study_id": 52216429, "subject_id": 15983080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is top normal. The aorta is tortuous. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15983080/s52216429/4fffcdc7-4a5b759a-2b151476-93889449-c4e5e590.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc46086f-9f2c145f-5136c9ff-2ff4a1c4-8043f065", "study_id": 56800995, "subject_id": 18541624, "report": "impression: Abnormal mediastinal contour along the right margin on the first\n view of the series. Recommend repeat CXR with optimized positioning. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. On the first view\n of the series, there is an abnormal convex contour along the right mediastinal\n border which could reflect the presence of lymphadenopathy. However, the\n second frontal view provided does not demonstrate this contour abnormality and\n therefore findings are of unclear significance. Consider repeat study with\n more optimal technique to further assess. No definite signs of pneumonia or\n CHF. No large effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18541624/s56800995/bc46086f-9f2c145f-5136c9ff-2ff4a1c4-8043f065.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b48c3549-ecfc5d6a-c798a600-df5789f5-c98af05e", "study_id": 56144877, "subject_id": 10663051, "report": "The stomach is slightly overinflated, the patient would benefit\n from a nasogastric tube. The patient is after VATS decortication. An 8 mm\n pneumothorax is seen in the apicolateral aspects of the left hemithorax. \n There is also air accumulation in the left-sided soft tissues. Left-sided\n chest tube is in correct position. Post-operative basal atelectasis and\n thickening. No evidence of tension. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \n Unremarkable aspect of the right lung, the sternal wires are in unchanged\n alignment.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10663051/s56144877/b48c3549-ecfc5d6a-c798a600-df5789f5-c98af05e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46c19aac-049b6d8b-987931dc-02f26a04-431c6e77", "study_id": 50401853, "subject_id": 17069955, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been removal of a\n substantial amount of fluid from the right pleural space with a catheter\n remaining in place. A substantial residual opacification at the right base is\n consistent with fluid and continued collapse of the right lower lobe.\n \n No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17069955/s50401853/46c19aac-049b6d8b-987931dc-02f26a04-431c6e77.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "355d7ef3-0a2ab736-d759c499-d581c532-2b75c0b4", "study_id": 54872350, "subject_id": 12560500, "report": "impression: Interval intubation with the endotracheal tube having its tip 3 cm above the\n carina. The right hemodialysis catheter is unchanged in position. Overall\n cardiac and mediastinal contours are stably widened. Lung volumes remain low\n with patchy bibasilar opacities and patchy peripheral linear opacities in the\n right upper lung favoring atelectasis, although pneumonia or aspiration should\n also be considered. No overt pulmonary edema. No large effusions. Findings: Portable supine chest radiograph ___ at 03:54 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12560500/s54872350/355d7ef3-0a2ab736-d759c499-d581c532-2b75c0b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a316f0fc-db779cdf-5dc617af-6910912c-21ddd81b", "study_id": 59988068, "subject_id": 11769254, "report": "The heart size is normal. No configurational abnormality is\n present. Thoracic aorta unremarkable for age. There is a sizable hiatal\n hernia in retrocardiac position surrounded by a few linear densities most\n likely representing compression atelectases. This is more marked on the right\n side than the left. There exists some mild blunting of the right lateral\n pleural sinus, but as both posterior pleural sinuses are free on the lateral\n view, there is no evidence of any remaining significant free fluid. No\n evidence of pneumothorax exists in the apical area on either side. Remarkable\n is, however, a nodular density in the right apical area medially and probably\n located in the anterior mediastinum but poorly delineated on the lateral view.\n In addition, there exists a few unexplained parenchymal densities in the right\n mid lung field probably in anterior position. The described and not\n completely explained pulmonary abnormalities may have been diagnosed already\n on previous evaluation, but as they are not available for direct comparison,\n the performance of a chest CT might be indicated to better characterize the\n described abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11769254/s59988068/a316f0fc-db779cdf-5dc617af-6910912c-21ddd81b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a189dc24-0f91981a-feb9ca86-418e8996-f9e1a463", "study_id": 56944770, "subject_id": 15712408, "report": "impression: Bibasilar plate-like atelectasis, slightly improved. Please note\n a subjacent early pneumonia cannot be excluded at the lung bases. Correlate\n clinically. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. Bibasilar\n plate-like atelectasis is slightly improved from prior exams. There is no\n effusion or pneumothorax. Please note, given the presence of atelectasis, the\n possibility of a small component of pneumonia is impossible to exclude in the\n correct clinical setting. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and\n normal. No pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15712408/s56944770/a189dc24-0f91981a-feb9ca86-418e8996-f9e1a463.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3c125b9-3b72b6f8-165ebb19-62c4ad3b-25d30ec5", "study_id": 56772836, "subject_id": 16334734, "report": "impression: 1. Overall, there is improved aeration of the lungs as compared to the prior\n study. Specifically, there is substantial improvement in right middle lobe\n and marginal improvement in right upper lobe opacities.\n \n 2. Appropriate positioning of lines and tubes. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates 4.3 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube is in\n stomach. There is moderate cardiomegaly. The aortic arch is heavily\n calcified. There is increased aeration at the lung bases bilaterally although\n the left hemidiaphragm remains obscured. Opacification along the minor\n fissure persists. There is persistent heterogeneous opacification of the\n right upper lobe.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16334734/s56772836/e3c125b9-3b72b6f8-165ebb19-62c4ad3b-25d30ec5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8ff10b67-f79f649d-54577876-93517a9a-23ff36ee", "study_id": 54331745, "subject_id": 18037264, "report": "impression: Enteric tube courses just below the level of the diaphragm terminating at the\n GE junction/ possibly very proximal stomach. Recommend advancement so that it\n is well within the stomach.\n \n Interval placement of right internal jugular central venous catheter\n terminating at the proximal SVC without evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 6.2 cm above the level the carina. \n Enteric tube courses just below the level of the diaphragm terminating at the\n GE junction/ possibly very proximal stomach. Recommend advancement so that it\n is well within the stomach. There has been interval placement of right\n internal jugular central venous catheter terminating at the proximal SVC\n without evidence of pneumothorax. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no\n pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18037264/s54331745/8ff10b67-f79f649d-54577876-93517a9a-23ff36ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f5b4807-224feb02-edd41678-68f900fe-015fea7a", "study_id": 56745404, "subject_id": 13411558, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n degree of bilateral pleural effusions has increased, and there is underlying\n basilar atelectatic change bilaterally. The upper zones are essentially\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13411558/s56745404/3f5b4807-224feb02-edd41678-68f900fe-015fea7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df207778-c0566aa4-9d4b8941-66f71a16-6d9209c7", "study_id": 59646030, "subject_id": 13915609, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Apart from subsegmental\n atelectasis in the left lung base, the lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Multilevel moderate degenerative changes are noted in\n the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13915609/s59646030/df207778-c0566aa4-9d4b8941-66f71a16-6d9209c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4eeacfc6-e05339dd-8ad45a3e-d18cc478-1e9c40c4", "study_id": 51547344, "subject_id": 12578647, "report": "The nonDobbhoff tube has been advanced that is coiling on itself in\n the stomach. The tube has not advanced to a prepyloric position. No evidence\n of complications. The other monitoring and support devices are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12578647/s51547344/4eeacfc6-e05339dd-8ad45a3e-d18cc478-1e9c40c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4246a92-85f519e9-d4a83d56-2c9940e4-7b72122b", "study_id": 52511229, "subject_id": 17087118, "report": "impression: Stable mild cardiomegaly without evidence of acute cardiac decompensation. No\n pleural effusions. Findings: Bilateral low lung volumes. Mild cardiomegaly unchanged. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17087118/s52511229/d4246a92-85f519e9-d4a83d56-2c9940e4-7b72122b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f205f99-5fd9af0f-59ef45ae-ecb90a6b-dd4f292c", "study_id": 54275688, "subject_id": 19717536, "report": "impression: Bibasilar patchy opacities are new, more pronounced on the right, and\n concerning for pneumonia or aspiration, given the clinical history. Mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Compared with the prior radiograph, a patchy basilar opacities are new, more\n pronounced on the right. No change in the positioning of the left-sided\n pacemaker, with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. \n There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion. The heart is top normal\n in size. Bilateral pleural effusions are small, if any. No evidence of\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19717536/s54275688/2f205f99-5fd9af0f-59ef45ae-ecb90a6b-dd4f292c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8ac06be-2c83b742-fc09e3db-65c20180-9c2d72fc", "study_id": 55124376, "subject_id": 15290893, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15290893/s55124376/f8ac06be-2c83b742-fc09e3db-65c20180-9c2d72fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2d279f63-4d1c09fe-b90e145e-bf37804e-0ce4bad1", "study_id": 50466422, "subject_id": 13198542, "report": "impression: There are no acute cardiopulmonary findings. Atelectatic bands on the right\n side has significantly improved. Findings: Multiple atelectatic bands in right lung have significantly improved. Right\n hemidiaphragm is chronically elevated. Left lung is unremarkable. \n Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13198542/s50466422/2d279f63-4d1c09fe-b90e145e-bf37804e-0ce4bad1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bf87589-2ebe99d7-981d8f7d-f7023fbc-8f39255e", "study_id": 56192267, "subject_id": 15002645, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate clear,\n well-expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15002645/s56192267/9bf87589-2ebe99d7-981d8f7d-f7023fbc-8f39255e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29bad6ef-fe553054-889f3fc8-a9b72565-a27efb8d", "study_id": 50716687, "subject_id": 19322142, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19322142/s50716687/29bad6ef-fe553054-889f3fc8-a9b72565-a27efb8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6b5e775-69af7e0e-d9d91427-47ac2eb1-cbdc250d", "study_id": 53288063, "subject_id": 15712636, "report": "impression: Increased right lower lobe opacity adjacent to suture material may represent\n residual alveolar hemorrhage from recent VATS biopsy. Findings: Chronic peripheral pulmonary opacities are unchanged, and there is increased\n right lower lobe opacity adjacent to suture material, which may represent\n residual alveolar hemorrhage from recent VATS biopsy.\n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal. There is\n continued resolution of right subcutaneous emphysema.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15712636/s53288063/e6b5e775-69af7e0e-d9d91427-47ac2eb1-cbdc250d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f988744-202116b6-6303147b-87864f75-a468deb9", "study_id": 57030362, "subject_id": 16566006, "report": "impression: New small left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis but in the\n appropriate clinical setting pneumonia can be considered. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a new small left pleural effusion. Possible\n left basilar atelectasis or pneumonia. No pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16566006/s57030362/2f988744-202116b6-6303147b-87864f75-a468deb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fd170a4-c5c8b8dd-d349f86d-878a777c-4e46e471", "study_id": 52286693, "subject_id": 12252736, "report": "impression: No evidence of trauma. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is rotated. No fracture is identified. Cardiomegaly is moderate.\n The lung fields are clear.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12252736/s52286693/5fd170a4-c5c8b8dd-d349f86d-878a777c-4e46e471.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a31b4b5a-49abfcc5-7b1308a7-2b62666b-1c427675", "study_id": 55571436, "subject_id": 19062816, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right lung volume loss reflects\n recent right lower lobectomy. There is persistent right pleural effusion not\n significantly changed from prior. Left lung remains clear.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged from prior. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19062816/s55571436/a31b4b5a-49abfcc5-7b1308a7-2b62666b-1c427675.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a183661b-bcac4e96-a9ba6ed7-14e0076d-c0fbd132", "study_id": 56659555, "subject_id": 11482582, "report": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: Evaluation is somewhat limited due to patient body habitus. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are grosslyclear with\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11482582/s56659555/a183661b-bcac4e96-a9ba6ed7-14e0076d-c0fbd132.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d90bbe01-783abcb2-81ed7f32-8f3f824e-26640c1d", "study_id": 52525028, "subject_id": 12734988, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12734988/s52525028/d90bbe01-783abcb2-81ed7f32-8f3f824e-26640c1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd0793d8-12fae69b-de0e4dc8-6f789b8d-65e99256", "study_id": 50244790, "subject_id": 14395025, "report": "The lungs are hyperinflated,\n consistent with COPD.\n \n There is increased opacity over the right mid and lower lung which is new from\n ___ and concerning for multifocal pneumonia. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. A 4 mm nodule is seen in the left lower lung. \n \n The ascending aorta is tortuous. The heart is normal in size. There is\n prominence of the pulmonary arteries, suggesting underlying pulmonary arterial\n hypertension.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 11:15 on ___ by telephone 5 minutes after discovery.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14395025/s50244790/cd0793d8-12fae69b-de0e4dc8-6f789b8d-65e99256.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bba75204-fbd55cd6-52687b56-b6d5ecc3-6a376514", "study_id": 50961383, "subject_id": 17699811, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Biventricular pacing leads are unchanged. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17699811/s50961383/bba75204-fbd55cd6-52687b56-b6d5ecc3-6a376514.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca6f4c27-7c333c80-688997a5-1f7f1768-140af231", "study_id": 54134757, "subject_id": 17083786, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated. \n There is no focal consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n size is normal. Aorta is slightly unfolded. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17083786/s54134757/ca6f4c27-7c333c80-688997a5-1f7f1768-140af231.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c0b5e46-e55eb6ac-d67789a7-4897585e-bd84898c", "study_id": 57720941, "subject_id": 11771793, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal and enteric tubes are in standard positions.\n 2. Patchy bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 5.5 cm from the carina. An\n enteric tube tip courses below the left hemidiaphragm, into the stomach, and\n off the inferior borders of the film. Heart size appears at least mild to\n moderately enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. Pulmonary vascularity is not\n engorged. Patchy opacities in lung bases my reflect areas of atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen, however\n the extreme left costophrenic angle is excluded from the field of view. Mild\n degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Punctate calcific\n densities in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen may reflect gallstones.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11771793/s57720941/2c0b5e46-e55eb6ac-d67789a7-4897585e-bd84898c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16c4ac4d-fb98a541-886bd0f3-c87636dd-5cb99bf7", "study_id": 50980208, "subject_id": 17641914, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Small plate-like atelectasis at both lung bases. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with tortuosity of\n the thoracic aorta, but without acute lung changes such as pneumonia or\n pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17641914/s50980208/16c4ac4d-fb98a541-886bd0f3-c87636dd-5cb99bf7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dde82cac-772c093b-7aecabbb-bea38278-501ae59d", "study_id": 56092322, "subject_id": 10272930, "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10272930/s56092322/dde82cac-772c093b-7aecabbb-bea38278-501ae59d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bfefa90e-f0338cf7-acb4942c-f6911adf-5181725c", "study_id": 53244188, "subject_id": 15145407, "report": "impression: Little change in comparison to multiple prior recent studies with\n moderate cardiomegaly, retrocardiac atelectasis, mild pulmonary edema, and a\n small left pleural effusion. Findings: Again noted is moderate cardiomegaly with retrocardiac atelectasis\n as well as a small left pleural effusion. There is mild prominence of the\n pulmonary vasculature suggestive of mild increase in central pulmonary venous\n pressure. Otherwise, the lungs are without focal a consolidation or\n pneumothorax. No acute fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15145407/s53244188/bfefa90e-f0338cf7-acb4942c-f6911adf-5181725c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf78928f-f1901797-ebfa96f8-361c0f87-e0f9157e", "study_id": 53128291, "subject_id": 12406461, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Right\n central catheter terminates at the RA SVC junction. There is no free\n intraperitoneal air.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12406461/s53128291/cf78928f-f1901797-ebfa96f8-361c0f87-e0f9157e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "27295b91-da9cc248-5379d878-7f6ed0e0-6ff61fe1", "study_id": 59735420, "subject_id": 18801713, "report": "impression: No evidence of metastatic disease. Findings: The lung volumes are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No\n lung nodules or masses. No other parenchymal abnormalities. Normal hilar and\n mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18801713/s59735420/27295b91-da9cc248-5379d878-7f6ed0e0-6ff61fe1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86332e13-ad2913e9-0648968c-b8f4fe66-ff0486c3", "study_id": 54684551, "subject_id": 17138757, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe atelectasis, less likely pneumonia.. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. There is subtle opacity in the left lower\n lobe in the setting of low lung volumes, likely atelectasis. The lungs are\n otherwise underinflated but clear. The cardiac silhouette is minimally\n enlarged. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. An implanted pacemaker is present, with appropriately\n positioned leads. There is calcification of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17138757/s54684551/86332e13-ad2913e9-0648968c-b8f4fe66-ff0486c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ba237de-d94bce8f-4bf5cc64-f9151e3c-a656362a", "study_id": 59743560, "subject_id": 15106152, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15106152/s59743560/1ba237de-d94bce8f-4bf5cc64-f9151e3c-a656362a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07661647-a7817535-e2fd32ca-9317f6dc-f8d587f6", "study_id": 53182261, "subject_id": 17375855, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly, partial left lower lobe\n atelectasis. Unchanged mild fluid overload. No pneumothorax, no larger\n pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17375855/s53182261/07661647-a7817535-e2fd32ca-9317f6dc-f8d587f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b8509cb-dbc1f619-9c43e5c5-9e31cb1f-0742f4e2", "study_id": 54798793, "subject_id": 17195321, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Streaky opacity at the left lung base suggests minor atelectasis or scarring.\n Otherwise the lungs appear clear. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n appears stable. Trace pleural effusions are not excluded. The patient is\n status post a right shoulder hemiarthroplasty.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17195321/s54798793/6b8509cb-dbc1f619-9c43e5c5-9e31cb1f-0742f4e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20c9bf2b-a55b008a-7ab82695-bc5515c7-219fa166", "study_id": 55281078, "subject_id": 12110838, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes, unchanged monitoring and support devices. Mild\n cardiomegaly with bilateral areas of basal atelectasis. Minimal fluid\n overload cannot be excluded. No larger pleural effusions. No newly appeared\n parenchymal opacities. Again noted is the proximity of the endotracheal tube\n to the carina. The tube should be pulled back by approximately 1 to 2 cm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12110838/s55281078/20c9bf2b-a55b008a-7ab82695-bc5515c7-219fa166.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e849c657-bb90b16d-f9b8130f-4d7e48d2-2582e3af", "study_id": 53629101, "subject_id": 14554807, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14554807/s53629101/e849c657-bb90b16d-f9b8130f-4d7e48d2-2582e3af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bdcb4af-f70185b0-fe317b22-9aafac3f-f366be42", "study_id": 57105378, "subject_id": 19129149, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No displaced\n fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19129149/s57105378/0bdcb4af-f70185b0-fe317b22-9aafac3f-f366be42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f0337f0-34399f58-04a3470c-e3fce8b9-1c5f78d4", "study_id": 52969867, "subject_id": 10499421, "report": "impression: No opacification concerning pneumonia. Stable faint\n opacification projecting ober left lower lung may reflect small left pleural\n effusion. Findings: Redemonstration of the right-sided PICC line with\n tip terminating at the cavoatrial junction. No pneumothorax is evident. \n Biapical pleural thickening present. No focal opacification concerning for\n pneumonia identified. The haziness overlying the left lung base may reflect a\n stable small left pleural effusion. Stable mediastinal, hilar and cardiac\n contours present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10499421/s52969867/8f0337f0-34399f58-04a3470c-e3fce8b9-1c5f78d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f015f545-32ac2bc8-80898f7a-ef4dc851-0782952a", "study_id": 52737440, "subject_id": 16355261, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and well-aerated lungs which are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16355261/s52737440/f015f545-32ac2bc8-80898f7a-ef4dc851-0782952a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8fea00ca-284ad60b-ed1539c0-8946e557-061a08f5", "study_id": 55020353, "subject_id": 14310882, "report": "impression: 1. Stable hyperexpanded lungs with biapical pleural thickening/scarring.\n 2. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate slightly hyperexpanded lungs.\n Again seen is biapical pleural thickening/scarring, similar to previous\n examination. No additional focal opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Heart size and mediastinal contour are otherwise stable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is unremarkable and visualized osseous\n structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14310882/s55020353/8fea00ca-284ad60b-ed1539c0-8946e557-061a08f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d95bedb8-ffb4734c-acc497f4-be9b5925-811e25c3", "study_id": 58514814, "subject_id": 11246402, "report": "impression: 1. Left internal jugular catheter terminates within the right atrium and could\n be pulled back approximately 6 cm for placement in the low SVC.\n 2. Decreased size of the right upper lobe opacity, which may have been related\n to mucoid impaction.\n 3. Persistent right basilar opacity consistent with pneumonia.\n 4. No evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Again, a left internal jugular catheter terminates deep within the right\n atrium and could be pulled back approximately 6 cm to reposition in the low\n SVC. An endotracheal tube terminates 4 cm above the carina and is in\n appropriate position.\n \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is stable. A previously\n seen right upper lobe opacity is smaller. Vascular congestion is improved.\n There is no evidence of pulmonary edema. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11246402/s58514814/d95bedb8-ffb4734c-acc497f4-be9b5925-811e25c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c993f423-d30fa979-b464c2f2-0e43874f-b5b75223", "study_id": 50252944, "subject_id": 18990850, "report": "impression: No change in size of small to moderate sized right apical pneumothorax. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs remain hyperinflated compatible with\n underlying COPD. Previously demonstrated right apical pneumothorax is not\n substantially changed in the interval. Scarring within the left apex is\n unchanged. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. No acute\n osseous abnormalities demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18990850/s50252944/c993f423-d30fa979-b464c2f2-0e43874f-b5b75223.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db8c92da-edeb3800-6c9ed3ab-b03ab46c-d0564e7d", "study_id": 57954824, "subject_id": 15862861, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15862861/s57954824/db8c92da-edeb3800-6c9ed3ab-b03ab46c-d0564e7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c257996f-80db995e-2025c5a9-42acc2c7-d48522d3", "study_id": 52110768, "subject_id": 17914007, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Minimal air inclusion at the site of tube insertion. The second tube\n is in correct position. No remnant right pleural effusion, but a 2-3 mm right\n apical postprocedural pneumothorax has developed. No evidence of tension. \n Unchanged appearance of the heart and of the left lung, including a\n small-to-moderate pleural effusion with subsequent atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17914007/s52110768/c257996f-80db995e-2025c5a9-42acc2c7-d48522d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1db096ba-47b7485f-0efa2a19-604e4585-49f137ff", "study_id": 55454347, "subject_id": 12284399, "report": "impression: 1. Interval removal of a left central line and a chest tube. \n \n 2. Persistent left lower lobe atelectasis and pleural effusion, with\n increased right atelectasis. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates interval removal of a left\n transjugular central venous catheter and a left-sided chest tube in the\n interim. Mild cardiomegaly is accentuated by AP technique and low lung\n volumes. There is increased right sided atelectasis. Vague left apical\n opacity likely reflects atelectasis, minimally increased since prior exams. \n Dense retrocardiac opacities persist, compatible with atelectasis. There is a\n moderate left pleural effusion. The right lung is well aerated. There is no\n discernible pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12284399/s55454347/1db096ba-47b7485f-0efa2a19-604e4585-49f137ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c149c40-5c689734-0e7b5341-e5ba89b0-64fdcced", "study_id": 52872916, "subject_id": 12718856, "report": "Heart is upper limits of normal in size. Peribronchial cuffing is\n present in the right juxtahilar region, and could potentially be due to acute\n bronchitis. Predominantly linear right juxtahilar and bibasilar opacities most\n likely represent atelectasis, but a short-term followup radiograph may be\n helpful to exclude an early focus of pneumonia in the right lower lobe.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12718856/s52872916/0c149c40-5c689734-0e7b5341-e5ba89b0-64fdcced.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "febd5890-43a7f8f8-deeedf76-c9478916-924ca05a", "study_id": 53022237, "subject_id": 10900387, "report": "impression: Stable moderate cardiomegaly with associated vascular\n engorgement. No evidence of overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation. Vascular engorgement is\n stable without evidence of overt pulmonary edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The mediastinal contours are normal. The heart\n remains moderately enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10900387/s53022237/febd5890-43a7f8f8-deeedf76-c9478916-924ca05a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6109878e-7b53a1cb-f4251831-019120e6-903a3db1", "study_id": 51288806, "subject_id": 10735843, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable chest x-ray. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in comparison to multiple prior\n exams, consistent with a tortuous thoracic aorta. The hilar contours are\n unchanged, and within normal limits. Apparent hyperdensity at the right hilum\n is only seen on frontal projection, and was not seen on prior exams as\n recently as ___, favored to represent superimposition of normal\n structures versus calcified hilar lymph nodes. There is no focal lung\n consolidation. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or pulmonary edema. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10735843/s51288806/6109878e-7b53a1cb-f4251831-019120e6-903a3db1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7fd9e00d-698dabc1-0db86664-9ff59e62-a55b90e6", "study_id": 55965469, "subject_id": 15904685, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature\n is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15904685/s55965469/7fd9e00d-698dabc1-0db86664-9ff59e62-a55b90e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9b53d3b-e5e78cba-0bb9898f-a9a17572-c4ac4107", "study_id": 52877971, "subject_id": 19539331, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia. \n Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion,", "image_path": [ "p19/p19539331/s52877971/f9b53d3b-e5e78cba-0bb9898f-a9a17572-c4ac4107.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f6bd307-15f0108f-2b88cf65-6c8ad54e-64b57519", "study_id": 57743309, "subject_id": 12274432, "report": "impression: Stable bibasilar opacities likely represent pneumonia. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates hyperexpanded\n lungs. Persistent bibasilar opacities likely represent pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. No pneumothorax.\n Endotracheal tube ends 4.9 cm from the carina. Nasogastric tube courses into\n the stomach and out of the field of view.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12274432/s57743309/2f6bd307-15f0108f-2b88cf65-6c8ad54e-64b57519.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9c31d85-4f1e9af4-041bb910-6f336003-5d930073", "study_id": 53014573, "subject_id": 11900721, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11900721/s53014573/e9c31d85-4f1e9af4-041bb910-6f336003-5d930073.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ef4d49e-286bf5c8-6e1f852e-d7948a1f-48a43b92", "study_id": 51328002, "subject_id": 14575918, "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings which may represent early\n interstitial or fibrotic lung disease. Especially given extensive smoking\n history, CT scan is recommended to better characterize these findings. Findings: The heart size is borderline enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n silhouettes are unremarkable. The lung volumes are preserved; however, there\n are diffuse generalized increased interstitial markings. There is no pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14575918/s51328002/5ef4d49e-286bf5c8-6e1f852e-d7948a1f-48a43b92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9db48e0c-92df9892-d292d567-54f32c76-6f17276a", "study_id": 51824245, "subject_id": 12640507, "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after left chest tube removal. Findings: Left chest tube has been removed. There is no pneumothorax. Right chest tube\n projects in the lower hemithorax. The rest of the exam is unchanged. \n Swan-Ganz ends around pulmonary valve. Small fissure pleural loculation is\n stable. Bibasilar atelectasis is minimal. Mediastinal and cardiac silhouette\n is stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12640507/s51824245/9db48e0c-92df9892-d292d567-54f32c76-6f17276a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f5ca8c7-f886e05e-e62f6cca-2f7b2aff-86128a1d", "study_id": 57749548, "subject_id": 17523577, "report": "impression: No definite new focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia.\n \n Grossly stable 1 cm left lower lobe pulmonary nodule.\n \n Top-normal in size cardiac silhouette, appears less prominent as compared to\n the prior study. Findings: Minimal basilar atelectasis is seen without definite focal consolidation. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. 1 cm left lower lobe pulmonary\n nodule is grossly stable. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size, appears\n less prominent as compared to the prior study. Mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. Evidence of DISH is seen along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17523577/s57749548/1f5ca8c7-f886e05e-e62f6cca-2f7b2aff-86128a1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6dd77750-a6f4c3f3-60f6f917-35c985dd-aa34b57a", "study_id": 50219094, "subject_id": 18781799, "report": "impression: Right hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, unchanged from prior studies. No\n evidence of focal airspace consolidation. Findings: The lungs are clear. Widening of the upper mediastinum and the right hilum is\n consistent with the patient's known lymphadenopathy and lipomatosis is\n unchanged from prior study. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural\n effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18781799/s50219094/6dd77750-a6f4c3f3-60f6f917-35c985dd-aa34b57a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87a3ca75-42e8bf33-2e5bea99-8cd9a864-7b4b4864", "study_id": 53179260, "subject_id": 17183632, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The right-sided PICC line and the esophageal stent are in unchanged\n position. Appearance of the lung parenchyma is constant, with known apical\n scars, left more than right.\n \n Very subtle basal parenchymal changes documented on the CT examination from\n ___ and likely reflecting the sequela of chronic aspiration are\n not clearly seen on the chest x-ray.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17183632/s53179260/87a3ca75-42e8bf33-2e5bea99-8cd9a864-7b4b4864.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a324109d-45a14ac9-79086918-1f006963-85178ce2", "study_id": 53964841, "subject_id": 18100732, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. The lungs appear\n clear. There is no evidence for pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18100732/s53964841/a324109d-45a14ac9-79086918-1f006963-85178ce2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5107ccc-d496edd3-4ca8ea43-4206a3c5-6a3d084a", "study_id": 59519372, "subject_id": 13009683, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or\n evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion. \n \n Once again there is absence of the left clavicle.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13009683/s59519372/c5107ccc-d496edd3-4ca8ea43-4206a3c5-6a3d084a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87e9a2f0-ebd1039c-5214aab9-f6ebfe2d-2e0981aa", "study_id": 59257873, "subject_id": 18027538, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. If there is strong concern for rib fractures a\n dedicated rib series may be performed. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18027538/s59257873/87e9a2f0-ebd1039c-5214aab9-f6ebfe2d-2e0981aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3d7d9558-f9484e7d-22e6d801-77ad8f06-7f32c795", "study_id": 52829012, "subject_id": 11937592, "report": "impression: Unchanged bibasilar atelectasis and small left pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.\n \n There is persistent left basilar atelectasis with an associated small left\n pleural effusion. Streaky atelectasis in the right lower lung base is\n unchanged. No pneumothorax or pulmonary edema is seen. The cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11937592/s52829012/3d7d9558-f9484e7d-22e6d801-77ad8f06-7f32c795.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8698ce1-a540658b-a896b10c-bb7e81c2-76c10477", "study_id": 54587581, "subject_id": 19477189, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild\n degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine. Biliary stent is seen\n in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19477189/s54587581/b8698ce1-a540658b-a896b10c-bb7e81c2-76c10477.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d459c9b0-92dff17d-d6873f2e-ca5d7c80-98400f79", "study_id": 58613474, "subject_id": 17910586, "report": "impression: 1. Mild vascular congestion.\n 2. Hyperexpanded lungs can be seen in setting of small airways disease and\n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n 3. Right mid hemi thorax heterogeneous peripheral opacity is better\n characterized on CT chest performed on same day. Differential includes\n atelectasis and pulmonary infarct given history of pulmonary embolism.\n 4. Right lower lobe atelectasis. Findings: The lungs are again noted to be mildly hyperexpanded with mild vascular\n congestion. Streaky opacities within the right lower lobe are most consistent\n with atelectasis. Heterogeneous peripheral opacity within the right mid hemi\n thorax is new since prior examination and better assessed on dedicated CT\n performed the same day. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Aortic knob\n calcifications are present. The heart is moderately enlarged, unchanged since\n ___. Mediastinal contour and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17910586/s58613474/d459c9b0-92dff17d-d6873f2e-ca5d7c80-98400f79.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0af32e4-cc934c74-757df2c8-19b2a384-709ab206", "study_id": 59335875, "subject_id": 15429143, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. No focal consolidation worrisome\n for pneumonia. No interstitial edema. Findings: The lung volumes are low with adjacent bibasilar compressive atelectasis. The\n heart size is difficult to evaluate due to low lung volumes. Mediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are otherwise clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are\n grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15429143/s59335875/a0af32e4-cc934c74-757df2c8-19b2a384-709ab206.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09765c4b-69767439-fd85332c-9690f8ff-95cf34b9", "study_id": 54445338, "subject_id": 10646287, "report": "impression: Possible very minimal interstitial edema. COPD. Moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. No focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs remain hyperinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is moderately\n enlarged. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. There may be very minimal\n interstitial edema.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10646287/s54445338/09765c4b-69767439-fd85332c-9690f8ff-95cf34b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e531f9a0-c7ef7875-7ff8b4a9-129f9c54-bbc89555", "study_id": 58473349, "subject_id": 17176556, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17176556/s58473349/e531f9a0-c7ef7875-7ff8b4a9-129f9c54-bbc89555.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "018bc5fb-76be9a10-e9acc439-e21f1d65-0cde41cf", "study_id": 51983005, "subject_id": 14237124, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. Tiny\n surgical clips are again noted in the right axilla. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14237124/s51983005/018bc5fb-76be9a10-e9acc439-e21f1d65-0cde41cf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "469d29c2-f7c6230d-e8e1f683-64e89038-77e91057", "study_id": 56347470, "subject_id": 18585076, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the PICC line has been\n pulled back. The tip of the line now projects over the inflow region of the\n brachiocephalic vein into the superior vena cava. To ensure correct position\n in the mid-to-lower SVC, the line must be advanced by approximately 5-6 cm or\n a new line must be placed. There is no evidence of complications. Otherwise,\n no relevant change. Minimal atelectasis at both lung bases. Borderline size\n of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18585076/s56347470/469d29c2-f7c6230d-e8e1f683-64e89038-77e91057.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e72438ae-d42e6f2c-8abfdfe0-a2649bd9-1bd1f18d", "study_id": 52677002, "subject_id": 18614713, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n Dobbhoff catheter. The course of the catheter is unremarkable, the tip of the\n catheter is not included in the image. There is no evidence of complications,\n notably no pneumothorax. Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18614713/s52677002/e72438ae-d42e6f2c-8abfdfe0-a2649bd9-1bd1f18d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f227451-17988f66-d51c1abb-92c410ee-3a237768", "study_id": 50973845, "subject_id": 14599883, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or other acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate clear lungs and normal\n hilar and cardiomediastinal contours. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14599883/s50973845/6f227451-17988f66-d51c1abb-92c410ee-3a237768.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0230c6c-6170413d-f3f25567-63fc2e33-8dc7ca2a", "study_id": 52316214, "subject_id": 17027670, "report": "impression: Interval advancement of the nasogastric tube which now has its tip projecting\n in the stomach but the side port is at the gastroesophageal junction. The\n tube should be advanced in additional 8-10 cm. Left subclavian PICC line has\n its tip in the proximal right atrium 7 cm below the carina. Pull-back by 2 cm\n would place the tip in at the cavoatrial junction if this is clinically\n desired. Low lung volumes with patchy bibasilar opacities favoring\n atelectasis. No obvious pneumothorax. Findings: Portable semi-upright chest radiograph ___ at 14:21 is submitted. The\n lateral left hemi thorax is not entirely included on the study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17027670/s52316214/e0230c6c-6170413d-f3f25567-63fc2e33-8dc7ca2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e961bf2-501be5a0-fd92745e-4e386a5d-54b945d5", "study_id": 57615189, "subject_id": 11941556, "report": "The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Both lungs show no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Minimal\n blunting of the left costophrenic angle may represent trace pleural effusion\n or pleural scarring. Dextroscoliosis is present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11941556/s57615189/0e961bf2-501be5a0-fd92745e-4e386a5d-54b945d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06c81f5e-74cfd893-262e8968-a1a7c476-ee271e95", "study_id": 57163838, "subject_id": 17117476, "report": "impression: Subtle left lower lung opacity was likely due to atelectasis or scarring,\n however, early consolidation due to infection or aspiration is not excluded in\n the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Subtle opacity at the left lower lung may be due to atelectasis, however,\n early consolidation due to infection or aspiration is not excluded. No\n pulmonary edema is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17117476/s57163838/06c81f5e-74cfd893-262e8968-a1a7c476-ee271e95.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7d7473c4-4aec5e5e-362b10c3-9b398881-e2f057fc", "study_id": 50064384, "subject_id": 16949161, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16949161/s50064384/7d7473c4-4aec5e5e-362b10c3-9b398881-e2f057fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f83eb732-f3df5803-e579be86-ff1c21ca-31bd5944", "study_id": 51296658, "subject_id": 11194322, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11194322/s51296658/f83eb732-f3df5803-e579be86-ff1c21ca-31bd5944.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c29ee667-d06a5991-37e343fa-ee75c38b-054915f3", "study_id": 56940181, "subject_id": 17713405, "report": "impression: No new infiltrate Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant change in the cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes. Chronic pleural thickening is noted on the left there\n is no new infiltrate or effusion. Degenerative changes are noted throughout\n the thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p17/p17713405/s56940181/c29ee667-d06a5991-37e343fa-ee75c38b-054915f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fef6484-c01dfac9-8ee17383-75dac23d-dbda7694", "study_id": 52449751, "subject_id": 15357098, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion.\n \n 2. Basilar opacities are likely due to atelectasis, however in the correct\n clinical setting, superimposed infection cannot be excluded. Findings: Lung volumes related low. Bibasilar opacities are likely due to atelectasis,\n but superimposed infection cannot be excluded. Heart size appears normal, and\n there is no pulmonary vascular congestion. Chronic left rib deformities, as\n seen on the prior CT and radiograph, are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15357098/s52449751/0fef6484-c01dfac9-8ee17383-75dac23d-dbda7694.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f00e667-dd16103b-55365dc2-ac879062-1571268d", "study_id": 53022863, "subject_id": 13690726, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13690726/s53022863/1f00e667-dd16103b-55365dc2-ac879062-1571268d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b372e048-486344f8-74010213-fc69994c-93d8c22f", "study_id": 50885615, "subject_id": 12381874, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities more pronounced on the right, in the setting of seizure,\n could be due to aspiration or infection. Findings: There are low lung volumes. Bibasilar opacities, right greater than left, are\n seen which may be due to aspiration or infection is not excluded. No large\n pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12381874/s50885615/b372e048-486344f8-74010213-fc69994c-93d8c22f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dfce4bfe-27082ce3-5c50a206-9ae52cf5-8a811b47", "study_id": 53679185, "subject_id": 18799590, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Biapical right greater than left pleural-based scarring\n is again noted. The lungs are otherwise clear without consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and\n soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18799590/s53679185/dfce4bfe-27082ce3-5c50a206-9ae52cf5-8a811b47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e542bbf-ae3e1ba2-4c63f244-0076e934-9248776c", "study_id": 59194421, "subject_id": 11800503, "report": "The left chest tube is in unchanged position. Compared with\n radiograph of six hours prior, there is no change in left pleural effusion and\n retrocardiac atelectasis. No change in appearance of normal right hemithorax\n and no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11800503/s59194421/1e542bbf-ae3e1ba2-4c63f244-0076e934-9248776c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c06f0b5f-aeb22d35-1276f4b8-545b3e76-b05e58b6", "study_id": 53889781, "subject_id": 14130043, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema. Mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions. No pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14130043/s53889781/c06f0b5f-aeb22d35-1276f4b8-545b3e76-b05e58b6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48f35d01-e4310695-ff8b6800-c7ba6390-4fda21af", "study_id": 59142335, "subject_id": 10421969, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable with minimal atherosclerotic calcification noted at the aortic\n knob. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated with\n flattening of the diaphragms. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Bilateral ___ rods spanning the thoracolumbar\n spine are partially imaged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10421969/s59142335/48f35d01-e4310695-ff8b6800-c7ba6390-4fda21af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7d94fe6-fc82db1f-2fdfa443-5e5ac1cf-71eafe94", "study_id": 52358194, "subject_id": 11000590, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes\n and pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11000590/s52358194/b7d94fe6-fc82db1f-2fdfa443-5e5ac1cf-71eafe94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ecd9b38b-905448e7-4e9f5c2b-b1529ad1-1ebb207c", "study_id": 55363432, "subject_id": 16457297, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. No superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion. The\n cardiac silhouette is enlarged but to a lesser degree than on prior. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16457297/s55363432/ecd9b38b-905448e7-4e9f5c2b-b1529ad1-1ebb207c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f548b567-b32b3381-35d6fb00-4984ff18-fad0f48f", "study_id": 53958136, "subject_id": 14746824, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute pulmonary disease. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable\n compared to the prior study. Lungs are well expanded and clear, and there are\n no pleural effusions. Subcentimeter lung nodules on prior chest CT are likely\n below the resolution of conventional chest radiographs. Right internal\n jugular central venous catheter remains in place, terminating in the proximal\n superior vena cava. No acute skeletal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14746824/s53958136/f548b567-b32b3381-35d6fb00-4984ff18-fad0f48f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f1f43f0-ef318f44-550f3fb6-65b6fc49-6b7f3860", "study_id": 51378142, "subject_id": 12453404, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Given body habitus, it is difficult to determine if an interstitial\n abnormality is present on frontal view, but this is not evident on lateral\n view. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12453404/s51378142/8f1f43f0-ef318f44-550f3fb6-65b6fc49-6b7f3860.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c263aa20-bb4ff2c2-8199fde0-a2f6a20b-55e1aa2a", "study_id": 58238583, "subject_id": 13995234, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n\n ___, MD\n ___=___ Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or consolidation. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13995234/s58238583/c263aa20-bb4ff2c2-8199fde0-a2f6a20b-55e1aa2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1f5bdf8-71e17390-120a89c0-f2fba469-cfc79e96", "study_id": 53133037, "subject_id": 11349790, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11349790/s53133037/d1f5bdf8-71e17390-120a89c0-f2fba469-cfc79e96.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f89e9a4d-db695bb3-8ae36350-9d8a5cdf-cedf6202", "study_id": 50042526, "subject_id": 14028368, "report": "impression: Extensive bilateral lower lobe consolidations are mildly improved from chest\n xray ___. Findings: There are extensive bilateral lower lobe consolidations that are slightly\n improved from chest xray ___. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.\n \n Cardiomediastinal borders and hilar structures are normal.\n \n Cardiac size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14028368/s50042526/f89e9a4d-db695bb3-8ae36350-9d8a5cdf-cedf6202.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45c843c9-c1cf0a3c-6398e2d4-ca870ea6-49d47b6f", "study_id": 54140810, "subject_id": 14207656, "report": "impression: Findings compatible with COPD. No acute parenchymal infiltrates\n or CHF. Small left lesion in mid lung zone recommended for followup\n examination. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar chest examination of ___.\n \n Heart size is not enlarged. No configurational abnormality is present. The\n entire thoracic aorta is rather widened and elongated and shows advanced\n calcium deposits in the wall at the level of the arch. The pulmonary\n vasculature is not congested. However, there is a markedly irregular\n distribution of the peripheral pulmonary vasculature characterized by a local\n streaky scar densities and localized areas of increased translucencies. This\n finding in conjunction with the generally low positioned and flattened\n diaphragms is typical for COPD. Also noted is that the patient has a rather\n deep chest diameter as identified on the lateral view including an accentuated\n kyphotic curvature of the thoracic spine. In addition, one can identify\n multiple well-demarcated densities partially of calcium density most likely\n representing mediastinal nodes. When comparison is made with the next\n preceding chest examination of ___, the described changes\n existed already at that time, thus findings are grossly stable. Comparison of\n the frontal views, however, identifies a small density in the left mid lung\n zone overlying the crossing between the posterior portion of the sixth left\n rib and that of the anterior portion of the fourth left ribs. This very small\n less than 0.5 cm diameter density cannot be identified on the old film and\n thus it is recommended to be followed up in a few weeks. Other most likely\n chronic changes have not undergone any significant alteration. There is no\n evidence of acute pleural effusion and no pneumothorax is seen in the apical\n area.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14207656/s54140810/45c843c9-c1cf0a3c-6398e2d4-ca870ea6-49d47b6f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8ed1d8d7-d97463df-f38b29ad-63a159d2-bbe43633", "study_id": 55131021, "subject_id": 14538502, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: Normal, heart, lungs, pleura and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14538502/s55131021/8ed1d8d7-d97463df-f38b29ad-63a159d2-bbe43633.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb6445d8-0f48841a-f301a578-3e5d32f9-4928713b", "study_id": 58554287, "subject_id": 16367769, "report": "impression: Post-treatment changes in the right hemithorax. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance, with\n post-radiation changes noted in the right paramediastinal and hilar regions\n resulting in geographically marginated opacity in this region. No focal areas\n of consolidation are identified in either lung. There are no pleural\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16367769/s58554287/bb6445d8-0f48841a-f301a578-3e5d32f9-4928713b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc3dbc13-d44836a5-63cf5b93-bd0b9b59-c4edd68b", "study_id": 56735042, "subject_id": 12876250, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is slight improvement in\n the degree of pulmonary vascular congestion. Right IJ catheter remains in\n place. The left hemidiaphragm is more sharply seen than on the previous\n study.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12876250/s56735042/cc3dbc13-d44836a5-63cf5b93-bd0b9b59-c4edd68b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8649ae5-a7b4d3d7-9d12cba4-dbebf829-b0ae1592", "study_id": 53511796, "subject_id": 10052277, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10052277/s53511796/e8649ae5-a7b4d3d7-9d12cba4-dbebf829-b0ae1592.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca347ae7-1de56529-1ed7a622-0a5a41d9-b726a3c2", "study_id": 54550940, "subject_id": 15383698, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear and\n the pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15383698/s54550940/ca347ae7-1de56529-1ed7a622-0a5a41d9-b726a3c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7be70046-76e7927f-50ba635e-e47ee9d6-b19b7964", "study_id": 54652765, "subject_id": 12811865, "report": "impression: No signs for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n Azygos lobe is seen. The lungs are grossly clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or signs for overt pulmonary edema. Old left\n clavicular fracture is seen and it is healed. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12811865/s54652765/7be70046-76e7927f-50ba635e-e47ee9d6-b19b7964.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fefb1e4e-02520dad-45e13605-47f07acc-cd31eab5", "study_id": 50968950, "subject_id": 12529739, "report": "impression: 1. Probable new right lower lobe pneumonia, less likely atelectasis.\n 2. Minimal interval decrease in right hilar lymphadenopathy. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are unchanged in appearance. The hila are\n unchanged in appearance appear\n \n There is a new right lower lobe opacity which, given the patient's productive\n ___, ___ represent pneumonia. Additionally, this is also seen on lateral\n view overlying the posterior lower lobes, and it is not seen on prior lateral\n radiograph. There is evidence of interlobular septal thickening consistent\n with known sarcoidosis. There are no focal lung consolidations. There is\n slight interval decrease in the prominence of the right perihilar region in\n comparison to prior radiograph. There is no evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion.\n \n There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12529739/s50968950/fefb1e4e-02520dad-45e13605-47f07acc-cd31eab5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a258354c-4341e322-58fa5fbd-5d45db40-c091d3f6", "study_id": 57007681, "subject_id": 14886262, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and minor left basilar atelectasis. No definite focal\n consolidation. Findings: There is minor left mid to lower lung atelectasis. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion although a trace\n left pleural effusion would be difficult to exclude. There is no pulmonary\n edema. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is calcified and\n tortuous. Mitral anulus calcification is likely present. Degenerative\n changes are seen along the spine and at the partially imaged shoulder joints.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14886262/s57007681/a258354c-4341e322-58fa5fbd-5d45db40-c091d3f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cbc1aaa-12e04902-54ba5e16-7192bd7b-724c604c", "study_id": 52755108, "subject_id": 13390826, "report": "impression: No evidence of malignancy or infection. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n normal. The pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13390826/s52755108/8cbc1aaa-12e04902-54ba5e16-7192bd7b-724c604c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "071ca072-cd754da8-14c6c7b0-af09b808-3d73d453", "study_id": 56926608, "subject_id": 12138575, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe collapse with deviation of the trachea and mediastinum towards\n the left.\n No evidence of pneumothorax or rib fractures. A left pleural effusion cannot\n be excluded. Findings: There is opacification of the left lower hemithorax with deviation of the\n trachea and mediastinum towards the left consistent with left lower lobe\n collapse. There is no pneumothorax. The right lung is clear. There is no\n right pleural effusion. A left pleural effusion cannot be excluded. No rib\n fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12138575/s56926608/071ca072-cd754da8-14c6c7b0-af09b808-3d73d453.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c2a2390-03416ec2-d4df17d0-8c839781-45383d8b", "study_id": 51734183, "subject_id": 10513868, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10513868/s51734183/2c2a2390-03416ec2-d4df17d0-8c839781-45383d8b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e393cc0-e42f7f14-7c126359-60833ff1-f064a7ff", "study_id": 56775217, "subject_id": 12572699, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12572699/s56775217/9e393cc0-e42f7f14-7c126359-60833ff1-f064a7ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0a029eb-f1580371-bc92fbde-c9a93669-789559f6", "study_id": 59455312, "subject_id": 10288886, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10288886/s59455312/b0a029eb-f1580371-bc92fbde-c9a93669-789559f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "896ddfcd-ca48033f-46fb3647-980ce979-e37dbf44", "study_id": 59005986, "subject_id": 16941171, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16941171/s59005986/896ddfcd-ca48033f-46fb3647-980ce979-e37dbf44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "acc2ec27-78597542-15a4c20e-b6542380-e521a409", "study_id": 53568491, "subject_id": 14642114, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing signs\n indicative of pulmonary edema have overall decreased in severity. However,\n mild pulmonary edema is still present. No evidence of larger atelectasis, no\n pneumonia. On the frontal view, no effusions are present. The lateral image,\n however, shows minimal pleural effusions restricted to the costophrenic sinus.\n \n Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged right pectoral pacemaker.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14642114/s53568491/acc2ec27-78597542-15a4c20e-b6542380-e521a409.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "899f2813-89ac1fa0-d8699e13-e9869cf5-bdb81853", "study_id": 56841674, "subject_id": 16279804, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16279804/s56841674/899f2813-89ac1fa0-d8699e13-e9869cf5-bdb81853.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2ef95ef-0858b74e-0b47e0a5-a21b5c5f-65cabcaf", "study_id": 51380603, "subject_id": 10304210, "report": "Stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, accompanied by upper\n zone vascular re-distribution. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema, and\n no focal areas of consolidation are evident to suggest the presence of\n pneumonia. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10304210/s51380603/b2ef95ef-0858b74e-0b47e0a5-a21b5c5f-65cabcaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab3b2df5-c82266ec-f96079a4-8cebabcc-e7074905", "study_id": 58608224, "subject_id": 13385351, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Exam is limited secondary to poor\n inspiratory effort and patient body habitus. The lungs are grossly clear. \n There is no effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but likely accentuated\n due to a poor inspiratory effort and technique. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13385351/s58608224/ab3b2df5-c82266ec-f96079a4-8cebabcc-e7074905.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66a165de-f2457f37-4639423c-73435891-a81496a0", "study_id": 54504804, "subject_id": 15159308, "report": "impression: Improved vascular congestion Findings: Cardiomegaly is a stable. Widened mediastinum is unchanged. Vascular\n congestion has improved. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or evidence of\n pneumonia", "image_path": [ "p15/p15159308/s54504804/66a165de-f2457f37-4639423c-73435891-a81496a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4584322d-ac59075a-927a6272-b374bb35-efb61261", "study_id": 56578042, "subject_id": 11033412, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly. Calcification in the aortic knob and\n unfolding of the thoracic aorta is noted. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The lungs are hyperexpanded but clear without focal\n consolidation. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Surgical clips\n in the right axilla and chest wall are likely the sequela of axillary lymph\n node dissection and right mastectomy.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11033412/s56578042/4584322d-ac59075a-927a6272-b374bb35-efb61261.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ef3b52e-a102da92-6e4e92bd-93c1ce7e-ae4d61a8", "study_id": 50666238, "subject_id": 12466049, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion, improved compared to the most recent exam,\n and mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart size is top normal. Mediastinal contours are\n unchanged. There is mild pulmonary vascular engorgement, but this is improved\n compared to the prior study. No definite pleural effusions are seen. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Minimal bibasilar patchy opacities may reflect\n atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities are detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12466049/s50666238/5ef3b52e-a102da92-6e4e92bd-93c1ce7e-ae4d61a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73c3715c-6aea715e-afa780e1-e717ee04-176dce55", "study_id": 53155799, "subject_id": 18136887, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The\n lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are\n normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18136887/s53155799/73c3715c-6aea715e-afa780e1-e717ee04-176dce55.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f63983b-71c3c3ac-dd030083-caf9d353-4d010c22", "study_id": 58861944, "subject_id": 12226373, "report": "impression: Differential diagnosis for multiple perdominantly peripheral\n upper zone consolidations includes tuberculosis, eosinophilic pneumonia and\n cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. A chest CT, preferably with contrast if the\n patient's renal function allows it, is recommended for further assessment.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 4:30 p.m.\n by Dr. ___ ___ telephone. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. New multiple perdominantly peripheral\n upper zone consolidations are noted bilaterally, more conspicuous in the\n right. Otherwise, the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12226373/s58861944/5f63983b-71c3c3ac-dd030083-caf9d353-4d010c22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "480321b0-69e3bf00-f53b37a7-52b45f17-cce4e823", "study_id": 53762381, "subject_id": 11252741, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There is again some enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with layering right pleural effusion and compressive atelectasis at\n the base. Opacification at the left base is consistent with some volume loss\n in the left lower lobe and small pleural effusion. \n \n Pulmonary vascularity is difficult to assess, though it may be mildly\n elevated.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11252741/s53762381/480321b0-69e3bf00-f53b37a7-52b45f17-cce4e823.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2558555-22881a6d-eb1a10d9-3b5667fa-0240259e", "study_id": 59602390, "subject_id": 19215592, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19215592/s59602390/e2558555-22881a6d-eb1a10d9-3b5667fa-0240259e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "899499f3-31284d06-cd3ee149-d7161561-cfd3ac54", "study_id": 54354703, "subject_id": 18676748, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Compared with the prior chest radiograph, lung volumes are slightly lower. \n The heart size is top normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or\n pneumothorax. The aortic annulus is calcified, but not heavily. Left-sided\n pacemaker leads are unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18676748/s54354703/899499f3-31284d06-cd3ee149-d7161561-cfd3ac54.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32237d29-002dbe05-1cb5be6e-1c5c0a86-76e667f1", "study_id": 52413700, "subject_id": 17012839, "report": "impression: 1. Displaced IVC filter likely in the right ventricle.\n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions.\n \n These findings were discussed with ___, M.D., by Dr. ___ at\n 2:40 p.m. via telephone at the time of discovery of the findings. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. The IVC filter\n placed three days prior is now seen most likely in the right ventricle.\n Pacemaker is seen with leads in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Small bilateral pleural effusions are\n present. Haziness at the right base may be due to mild interstitial\n abnormality seen on CT torso. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise\n unremarkable. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17012839/s52413700/32237d29-002dbe05-1cb5be6e-1c5c0a86-76e667f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6914c0c0-03e95585-7110a252-9a077809-4274c1f1", "study_id": 56599533, "subject_id": 19935359, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unchanged. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema. A Port-A-Cath tip projects over distal SVC.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19935359/s56599533/6914c0c0-03e95585-7110a252-9a077809-4274c1f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3f637ab-bf4ccbea-7e969c19-b6154937-bc6aba5c", "study_id": 58508150, "subject_id": 12121921, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Metallic\n density is again noted in the region of the AP window, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12121921/s58508150/c3f637ab-bf4ccbea-7e969c19-b6154937-bc6aba5c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6c6bb3e-fc81d462-df6aa0c9-2165da12-9a6c13f2", "study_id": 59388718, "subject_id": 18749620, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18749620/s59388718/f6c6bb3e-fc81d462-df6aa0c9-2165da12-9a6c13f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "202a6f1d-7e73d9fe-d8ee85e2-e5f6c115-62df09d5", "study_id": 58726467, "subject_id": 19758701, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no evidence of an\n infiltrate suggestive of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. The lungs are slightly hyperinflated, however appear to be\n clear. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The\n visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19758701/s58726467/202a6f1d-7e73d9fe-d8ee85e2-e5f6c115-62df09d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8777feae-3aae3523-2a7466d2-8f55479c-60d9681b", "study_id": 52799429, "subject_id": 14317149, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute cardiopulmonary process. No visualized free\n intraperitoneal air. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes are noted with\n crowding of the bronchovascular markings. The lungs however are grossly clear\n of consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. No free air seen below\n the diaphragm. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior\n cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14317149/s52799429/8777feae-3aae3523-2a7466d2-8f55479c-60d9681b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc9ffe03-c1225566-7ba5fe52-89c6bf0d-3df6d714", "study_id": 54141598, "subject_id": 10862640, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10862640/s54141598/fc9ffe03-c1225566-7ba5fe52-89c6bf0d-3df6d714.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a26d2032-1dea117b-adafbc79-bb2eeb6e-6e03c186", "study_id": 50789526, "subject_id": 15853547, "report": "impression: New left hemodialysis catheter has been placed. No focal consolidation is\n seen to suggest a new pneumonia. Findings: A new left hemodialysis catheter has been placed with appropriate position. \n Otherwise, no significant interval change is seen. No focal consolidation or\n pleural effusion is seen. The aorta is calcified, and the cardiac silhouette\n is mildly enlarged. No signs of pulmonary edema are seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15853547/s50789526/a26d2032-1dea117b-adafbc79-bb2eeb6e-6e03c186.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d1fcc74-39aaabe2-4a6bd506-16e9a718-53c337bd", "study_id": 58683009, "subject_id": 18868121, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute intrathoracic traumatic injury. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen. No rib fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18868121/s58683009/0d1fcc74-39aaabe2-4a6bd506-16e9a718-53c337bd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7be3aa6b-8bf5f2fd-e8cd357b-fbba51f4-7eb4e10a", "study_id": 57950068, "subject_id": 10614625, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10614625/s57950068/7be3aa6b-8bf5f2fd-e8cd357b-fbba51f4-7eb4e10a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5991d4a4-669759aa-554fcffb-86314b57-70c9edf4", "study_id": 51957875, "subject_id": 11200617, "report": "impression: Subtle left basilar streaky opacity may be due to atelectasis, however, an\n early infectious process is difficult to entirely excluded in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Suggest dedicated PA and lateral views for better evaluation\n when/if patient able. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There is subtle\n left base streaky opacity which may be due to atelectasis. No large pleural\n effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11200617/s51957875/5991d4a4-669759aa-554fcffb-86314b57-70c9edf4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b3dcfb7-8a7b940e-92cdb8ac-b937093c-fbbb58cd", "study_id": 52129191, "subject_id": 19269284, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe consolidation compatible with pneumonia in the\n proper clinical setting, likely multifocal. Follow up in ___ weeks after\n treatment is suggested to assess for resolution. Small right pleural\n effusion. Findings: On the frontal radiograph, there is an ill-defined opacification at\n the right lower lung laterally as well as a increased opacity seen below the\n diaphragm margin. On the lateral view, there is a linear opacity which is\n obscuring portion of the right hemidiaphragm but with lung parenchyma\n posterior to this opacity. There is minimal blunting of the right lateral\n and posterior costophrenic sulcus, suggesting a small pleural effusion. No\n focal opacities are identified in the left. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax. No bony abnormalities\n are identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19269284/s52129191/6b3dcfb7-8a7b940e-92cdb8ac-b937093c-fbbb58cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7a7052c-437da6d1-19d8e0b3-3d6b458b-69c6882d", "study_id": 56782534, "subject_id": 17781441, "report": "impression: Interval increase in retrocardiac opacity consistent with left\n lower lobe volume loss and small new left-sided pleural effusion. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates interval increase\n in retrocardiac opacity consistent with left lower lobe volume loss and small\n left-sided pleural effusion. Right lung is unchanged. Stable cardiomegaly. \n Endotracheal tube is again somewhat obscured by the spinal fixation device,\n but appears to be in unchanged position. A chest tube is seen projecting over\n the left hemithorax. Nasogastric tube is seen with the tip terminating in the\n stomach.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17781441/s56782534/d7a7052c-437da6d1-19d8e0b3-3d6b458b-69c6882d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9938547-14db0da2-492e68b6-df7769c6-6b743089", "study_id": 55928373, "subject_id": 18249020, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema with small bilateral effusions, not\n significantly increased from ___. Findings: The left-sided PICC is in unchanged position.\n \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable showing mild to moderate\n pulmonary vascular engorgement. There is mild pulmonary edema, not\n significantly changed from ___. There is a small right pleural\n effusion and likely trace left pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18249020/s55928373/f9938547-14db0da2-492e68b6-df7769c6-6b743089.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81987992-a39c61a9-e0ff1d99-417c984c-dbd26dac", "study_id": 50791724, "subject_id": 12105240, "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are stable allowing for patient\n rotation. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and minimal interstitial edema\n are new. Moderate partially layering right pleural effusion and small left\n pleural effusion have increased in size, and are accompanied by adjacent\n basilar lung opacities, which likely represent atelectasis. In the\n appropriate clinical setting, aspiration and infectious pneumonia could\n produce similar appearance at the lung bases. Short-term followup radiographs\n may be helpful in this regard.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12105240/s50791724/81987992-a39c61a9-e0ff1d99-417c984c-dbd26dac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20fe5f41-d557933c-2f0c5220-38805ffc-2d72d04b", "study_id": 56430139, "subject_id": 19496992, "report": "impression: Bi-V ICD leads terminate in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left\n ventricle. No pneumothorax. Findings: No change in the position of the BiV-ICD leads, which terminate in the right\n atrium, right ventricle, and epicardial vein of the left ventricle. Since the\n radiograph from the prior day, there has been no significant change. Unchanged\n bilateral pleural plaques, left clavicular old fracture, old left rib\n fractures, and bilateral apical caps are noted. No pneumothorax or new\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19496992/s56430139/20fe5f41-d557933c-2f0c5220-38805ffc-2d72d04b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "caae959c-8b50128f-a67de1bd-b8ac9d2e-404c799d", "study_id": 52305074, "subject_id": 18588433, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A left chest wall\n pacer device is again noted with pacer leads extending into the expected\n location of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are clear and\n well inflated. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is unremarkable. The\n imaged osseous structures are intact with DISH related changes of the T-spine\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18588433/s52305074/caae959c-8b50128f-a67de1bd-b8ac9d2e-404c799d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c82f71f-5154f772-03be857c-f5d80efd-a8b6c6f5", "study_id": 57488195, "subject_id": 11443579, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm from the carina.\n 2. Enteric tube terminates proximal to the GE junction and should be advanced\n for optimal placement. Findings: The endotracheal tube terminates 2.8 cm from the carina. The enteric tube\n terminates above the gastroesophageal junction and should be advanced for\n optimal placement. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. Mild subsegmental atelectasis is noted.\n There may be a small right Bochdalek's hernia. The cardiomediastinal contour\n is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11443579/s57488195/4c82f71f-5154f772-03be857c-f5d80efd-a8b6c6f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17c4749d-f403518d-199cd582-b58599ca-7026b723", "study_id": 57038194, "subject_id": 11589725, "report": "impression: Interval insertion of a feeding tube with the tip in the body of the stomach. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Left-sided subclavian vein terminates at the lower SVC. Interval insertion of\n a feeding tube with the tip in the body of the stomach. No pneumothorax. The\n lung volumes remain low with crowding of the bronchovascular markings. No\n evidence of interstitial edema. Marked distension of the visualized small and\n large bowel can be ileus.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11589725/s57038194/17c4749d-f403518d-199cd582-b58599ca-7026b723.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "280dd64a-6b6aac81-1353f13c-594f7f57-fd105064", "study_id": 56429389, "subject_id": 16246208, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are low. A left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker is noted, in stable\n position. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. \n Again seen is a hiatal hernia. No definite consolidation is identified. \n Minimal opacity in the left base may represent atelectasis. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16246208/s56429389/280dd64a-6b6aac81-1353f13c-594f7f57-fd105064.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9c8c828-6407135d-a5444ae0-e72637ef-b2eb8f68", "study_id": 50299298, "subject_id": 12889151, "report": "Portable AP view of the chest provided. There has been interval\n placement of a right IJ central venous catheter, with its tip seen at the\n level of the mid SVC. The AICD is unchanged. A stent is again seen at the\n level of the right axilla. The heart remains enlarged. There is mild\n pulmonary edema which is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12889151/s50299298/a9c8c828-6407135d-a5444ae0-e72637ef-b2eb8f68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "77b737bc-483730b6-b3156ed2-64982ea6-5cb5c64e", "study_id": 59487738, "subject_id": 11292424, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. Repeat CXR after\n diuresis is recommended to assess. Findings: The lung volumes are low with secondary widening of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and vascular congestion. There is no pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax. There is mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11292424/s59487738/77b737bc-483730b6-b3156ed2-64982ea6-5cb5c64e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c85ed494-2b81e6f2-cc9f390c-d2e9eb1a-653e7404", "study_id": 51632090, "subject_id": 12458552, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Mild emphysema. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal contours are unchanged\n with slight tortuosity of the thoracic aorta again noted. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Chain sutures in the right at apex compatible prior\n wedge resection are noted. There are mild emphysematous changes noted. \n Streaky bibasilar opacities likely reflect atelectasis. No focal\n consolidation is noted. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There\n are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458552/s51632090/c85ed494-2b81e6f2-cc9f390c-d2e9eb1a-653e7404.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9e78785-8b60a1df-7e19faaf-d2ec9925-83b790b4", "study_id": 58246830, "subject_id": 15342241, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15342241/s58246830/d9e78785-8b60a1df-7e19faaf-d2ec9925-83b790b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "971c8b04-05bb646d-676b1125-e53872ea-e0b4042f", "study_id": 56962972, "subject_id": 16299161, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged, though similar compared to prior. \n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16299161/s56962972/971c8b04-05bb646d-676b1125-e53872ea-e0b4042f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4403645f-85f70122-4394eec3-e587b6ac-4e93a806", "study_id": 51585592, "subject_id": 17374087, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is an accessed right chest wall infusion port with its catheter\n terminating at the cavoatrial junction. The lungs are clear. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax. There is no\n pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17374087/s51585592/4403645f-85f70122-4394eec3-e587b6ac-4e93a806.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b6a2e84-379b33cc-bf29067f-b4c66670-cf1b90f8", "study_id": 57555429, "subject_id": 15708357, "report": "impression: . New mild pulmonary edema. Otherwise stable findings Findings: The left projection there may be cardiomegaly. The patient is status post\n sternotomy. There is a moderate right-sided effusion, possibly a little\n smaller than on the prior examination with some insisted perifascial fluid\n also suspected the peripheral atelectasis in the left side has improved\n somewhat. The left-sided basilar effusion has also improved somewhat. When\n compared to the prior examination there is worsening peribronchial cuffing,\n consistent with pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15708357/s57555429/6b6a2e84-379b33cc-bf29067f-b4c66670-cf1b90f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9fe5f50c-b3b846a6-da116496-969d70d0-69dcc9dd", "study_id": 59548801, "subject_id": 18783312, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The patient's chin\n obscures the apices and superior mediastinum somewhat. Allowing for this, the\n lungs appear clear. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears grossly within normal limits. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18783312/s59548801/9fe5f50c-b3b846a6-da116496-969d70d0-69dcc9dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ffdf75e-61c22af7-5df6812d-9ca98042-3290deea", "study_id": 53834988, "subject_id": 19792705, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions, not substantially changed in the interval. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged and the heart size is\n within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Small bilateral\n pleural effusions are re- demonstrated, not substantially changed in the\n interval. There is minimal bibasilar atelectasis. Remainder of the lungs are\n clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present.\n Multilevel degenerative changes are seen in the imaged thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19792705/s53834988/3ffdf75e-61c22af7-5df6812d-9ca98042-3290deea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f55fb305-023305c4-b501ec37-729bc42a-e97f2189", "study_id": 58986883, "subject_id": 18312580, "report": "impression: Re- demonstrated mild increase in interstitial markings bilaterally may be due\n to interstitial edema but atypical infection not excluded. Findings: Again seen is mild increase in interstitial markings bilaterally concerning\n for interstitial edema, atypical infection not excluded. Mild left base\n atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18312580/s58986883/f55fb305-023305c4-b501ec37-729bc42a-e97f2189.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df1019ca-e509f372-8e35cdf0-c4b1c63c-4a72e485", "study_id": 57151703, "subject_id": 11939591, "report": "impression: 1. Tube and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. Improvement of widespread right lung opacification, which could be related\n to aspiration or asymmetric pulmonary edema.\n 3. New left lower lobe atelectasis or aspiration. Findings: ET tube ends 4.4 cm above the carina. The NG tube is in the stomach. \n Swan-Ganz coming from a femoral venous access ends in the proximal pulmonary\n artery. Widespread right lung opacification which could be related to\n aspiration or asymmetric edema has improved. However, left lower lobe\n consolidation with small adjacent pleural effusion is new, which could reflect\n atelectasis or new aspiration.\n \n Prior sternotomy was done for CABG. Mild cardiac congestion is unchanged. \n There is no pneumothorax. Intra-aortic balloon pump is in adequate position.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11939591/s57151703/df1019ca-e509f372-8e35cdf0-c4b1c63c-4a72e485.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb305c68-75395f1d-cda90398-ffa0bc5c-8e689842", "study_id": 58052509, "subject_id": 12240852, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy with sternal wires appearing intact. There\n is mild left base atelectasis/scarring. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12240852/s58052509/cb305c68-75395f1d-cda90398-ffa0bc5c-8e689842.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fb3767f-c43a9fae-7073ce73-18490607-0f9c47f6", "study_id": 57131135, "subject_id": 14189034, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly but no pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly but no evidence of pulmonary edema. The\n hila are normal. There are no concerning opacities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14189034/s57131135/4fb3767f-c43a9fae-7073ce73-18490607-0f9c47f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9074e7b1-41698a9c-635f7f03-32ffeec7-bf1a3234", "study_id": 58016802, "subject_id": 18310858, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated consistent with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary\n disease. Slight prominence of interstitium is grossly stable to prior, likely\n related to underlying emphysema. The interstitium appears minimally increased\n as compared to the prior, which could be due to component of mild fluid\n overload. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. The aortic knob is\n calcified. There is minimal left base atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18310858/s58016802/9074e7b1-41698a9c-635f7f03-32ffeec7-bf1a3234.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "158a9b01-bb635577-20325117-6e08a50f-f880ebf2", "study_id": 52146749, "subject_id": 18738396, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left chest wall vagal nerve stimulator is identified. The lungs\n are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Calcified left hilar and mediastinal nodes are again seen. Chronic deformity\n of the right clavicle laterally again identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18738396/s52146749/158a9b01-bb635577-20325117-6e08a50f-f880ebf2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0e0068b-9ff572b4-00c86c5b-cfe8454d-2931fdae", "study_id": 58500063, "subject_id": 14460495, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: A right-sided PICC line again terminates at the cavoatrial\n junction. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Mild\n rightward convex curvature is centered along the lower thoracic spine, as\n before.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14460495/s58500063/e0e0068b-9ff572b4-00c86c5b-cfe8454d-2931fdae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8918233-0b66e6f9-d933b6d3-58b626a3-a563466c", "study_id": 52251922, "subject_id": 18007190, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The heart size and cardiomediastinal\n contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18007190/s52251922/e8918233-0b66e6f9-d933b6d3-58b626a3-a563466c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2505eb4b-710dd648-2402c96d-4be857c4-aa0dd2d6", "study_id": 53044230, "subject_id": 16571136, "report": "impression: No evidence of main bronchus stent occlusion. Some progression\n of pulmonary abnormalities is, however, noted. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n portable single view chest examination of ___. Heart size is\n unchanged and the same holds for the appearance of the thoracic aorta. \n Previously described right-sided perihilar mass, grossly unchanged. Within\n this density one can identify the metallic structures of the stent, which has\n been placed in the right-sided main bronchus partially seen to occupy portions\n of the carina. There is no evidence of any airway obstruction through the\n stent. There is no evidence of new atelectasis distal to the stent which\n ventilates the area of the right lower and middle lobes. Comparison of the\n frontal views; however, suggests new local parenchymal density in the central\n portion of the right middle lobe as can be identified also on the lateral\n view. The previously identified increased interstitial markings in the left\n upper lobe persist and may have increased slightly. They are believed to\n represent interstitial carcinomatosis. The lateral and posterior pleural\n sinuses remain free, thus there is no evidence of significant pleural\n effusion. The on multiple previous examinations identified abnormalities and\n local pleural thickening in the right axillary area remain grossly unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16571136/s53044230/2505eb4b-710dd648-2402c96d-4be857c4-aa0dd2d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "476a8aa0-7ce0dfab-44b9c5aa-a8c9e3a5-5d30ef7b", "study_id": 53229050, "subject_id": 18778960, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are normal. \n There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18778960/s53229050/476a8aa0-7ce0dfab-44b9c5aa-a8c9e3a5-5d30ef7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20c9f74b-591bf2d8-726e9639-ce3df88d-40b89fea", "study_id": 59309153, "subject_id": 17724257, "report": "impression: Stable left lower lobe platelike atelectasis.\n Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Sternotomy wires are intact and aligned. Left lower lobe platelike atelectasis\n is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly despite low lung\n volumes is stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17724257/s59309153/20c9f74b-591bf2d8-726e9639-ce3df88d-40b89fea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3910da5c-eb71b9f4-41317a3a-704d9e5f-ddab7f6e", "study_id": 52793463, "subject_id": 18046197, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Mediastinal lipomatosis. Findings: The lungs appear clear without\n confluent opacity. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is evident. Cardiomediastinal widening corresponds with\n mediastinal lipomatosis seen on concurrent CT. A right PICC terminates in the\n mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18046197/s52793463/3910da5c-eb71b9f4-41317a3a-704d9e5f-ddab7f6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32587297-0bea04be-3cc1dfb9-14a804d0-62d02f0e", "study_id": 54422083, "subject_id": 11865204, "report": "Cardiac silhouette is upper limits of normal in size. Previously\n reported pulmonary edema has resolved. Interval improvement in bibasilar\n opacities which likely represented atelectasis, with residual opacities worse\n on the left than the right. Small bilateral pleural effusions are present,\n left greater than right, with questionable slight loculation laterally on the\n left.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11865204/s54422083/32587297-0bea04be-3cc1dfb9-14a804d0-62d02f0e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "344ff3af-e7937335-7c8a2d09-391eb828-9e25712a", "study_id": 50083109, "subject_id": 16055575, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16055575/s50083109/344ff3af-e7937335-7c8a2d09-391eb828-9e25712a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2fd11c5a-94672d69-e8940e33-9dccd3c2-a9c8b916", "study_id": 53574806, "subject_id": 18257430, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube is no\n longer coiled in the pharynx, but is coiled in the distal esophagus. A new\n reposition must be attempted. There is no evidence of complications, notably\n no pneumothorax. The atelectasis at the right lung base is constant in\n appearance.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18257430/s53574806/2fd11c5a-94672d69-e8940e33-9dccd3c2-a9c8b916.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd27a09c-c63ceb2f-48511924-a5a3bd8d-47998ddb", "study_id": 56846694, "subject_id": 16055484, "report": "impression: Stable severe cardiomegaly with increased left lung opacification\n likely due to worsening, now large, left pleural effusion and atelectasis. \n Increase in right pleural effusion, though still small. Mild stable if not\n slightly worsened pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Findings: The patient is status post CABG with sternotomy sutures midline and\n intact. There is stable severe cardiomegaly. There is minimal central\n pulmonary vascular congestion with mild bronchial cuffing suggesting an\n element of pulmonary edema. There is interval increase in size of left lung\n opacification, likely a combination of increasing left effusion and left lower\n lobe collapse, though superimposed pneumonia is not excluded. There is\n interval increase in still small right pleural effusion. Faint right lower\n lobe opacification likely reflects combination of edema and low lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16055484/s56846694/bd27a09c-c63ceb2f-48511924-a5a3bd8d-47998ddb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35270c82-c77d89c7-cecc5ef6-38c92aa2-68c8f39d", "study_id": 58701606, "subject_id": 14966873, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are lower compared to the previous study. This accentuates the\n size of the cardiac silhouette which is top normal. Aorta is mildly tortuous\n and demonstrates mild atherosclerotic calcifications. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are otherwise unremarkable. Minimal linear atelectasis is seen in the\n lung bases. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14966873/s58701606/35270c82-c77d89c7-cecc5ef6-38c92aa2-68c8f39d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7072c21e-e0843e07-5deee58d-59f74e42-7cf719c2", "study_id": 58357106, "subject_id": 17245999, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is seen.\n Moderate cardiomegaly, no pulmonary edema. Known right pleural effusion of\n unchanged dimension. Suture line at the right lung bases. Left pectoral\n pacemaker.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17245999/s58357106/7072c21e-e0843e07-5deee58d-59f74e42-7cf719c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea957932-0009f586-63e03e9d-d436876e-cd1de2a0", "study_id": 56543716, "subject_id": 12965706, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12965706/s56543716/ea957932-0009f586-63e03e9d-d436876e-cd1de2a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98357ca2-4510aa50-cb473fde-3f67a0dc-a3bf0e79", "study_id": 59433598, "subject_id": 19173988, "report": "impression: Slight interval increase in the left lower hemithorax pleural effusion. The\n right lung is clear. Findings: There is a moderate-to-large dependent left lower hemithorax\n pleural effusion which appears to have slightly increased in size compared to\n the study on ___ and is responsible for associated left lower\n lobe atelectasis. The right lung is clear. There is no evidence of\n mediastinal shift, suggestive of left lower lung volume loss. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19173988/s59433598/98357ca2-4510aa50-cb473fde-3f67a0dc-a3bf0e79.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3d6e8c0-4648f7aa-4498aa20-7a4782d5-0aff377e", "study_id": 50702376, "subject_id": 11317568, "report": "impression: Study limited, no acute intrapulmonary process. Findings: Study is limited by patient rotation as well as\n underpenetration. Additionally, the right costophrenic angle is not included\n within the field of view provided. Within these limitations, no acute focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes appear essentially unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11317568/s50702376/b3d6e8c0-4648f7aa-4498aa20-7a4782d5-0aff377e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "56b7ac2b-c2eee00f-81dde57f-8f539d16-62c68f2a", "study_id": 59274846, "subject_id": 11791660, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax or other acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. No evidence of focal consolidation,\n pneumothorax, or pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes\n are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11791660/s59274846/56b7ac2b-c2eee00f-81dde57f-8f539d16-62c68f2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8240d1b4-b12c05ec-80ab3ce3-580b9526-28989a21", "study_id": 57673019, "subject_id": 11667512, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. There are\n regions of bibasilar atelectasis. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Left chest wall port seen with catheter tip at the lower SVC. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged. Surgical clips in the upper\n abdomen suggest prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11667512/s57673019/8240d1b4-b12c05ec-80ab3ce3-580b9526-28989a21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "821c1e08-7f52e308-10af0fa5-3cdda906-74e19039", "study_id": 52441254, "subject_id": 11829192, "report": "impression: No significant interval change from the prior exam with innumerable pulmonary\n metastases re- demonstrated. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the low SVC. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Innumerable pulmonary\n metastases appear relatively unchanged compared to the previous exam. No new\n areas of focal opacification are present. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11829192/s52441254/821c1e08-7f52e308-10af0fa5-3cdda906-74e19039.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85c85851-4cddf0e6-2769a913-71e052d9-1e76f992", "study_id": 50049490, "subject_id": 18348334, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. Tortuosity of the thoracic aorta is unchanged in configuration\n since the prior radiograph from ___. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18348334/s50049490/85c85851-4cddf0e6-2769a913-71e052d9-1e76f992.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d32ea1c2-5ef5d7a6-4df2fdc4-c9a74a4e-71503516", "study_id": 55421274, "subject_id": 11890447, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are well expanded. There are no lung opacities concerning for\n pneumonia. Left apical granuloma is similar in appearance to the prior\n radiograph series. There is no pleural abnormality. Heart size, mediastinal\n and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11890447/s55421274/d32ea1c2-5ef5d7a6-4df2fdc4-c9a74a4e-71503516.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a6650ca-a77c75f8-a50d0bce-db2356d8-1e540fec", "study_id": 54797470, "subject_id": 17215379, "report": "impression: No notable interval change. Findings: Bibasilar linear atelectasis is similar to prior. Trace bilateral pleural\n effusion is noted. Right pectoral pacemaker leads are in unchanged position. \n TAVR device is noted. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17215379/s54797470/8a6650ca-a77c75f8-a50d0bce-db2356d8-1e540fec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac5c9950-bf517f01-9a437033-f21582c3-e5dc2bda", "study_id": 56760704, "subject_id": 12532013, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12532013/s56760704/ac5c9950-bf517f01-9a437033-f21582c3-e5dc2bda.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4d6eb2d-ae3b9805-63307ba9-71d6adb1-086273c7", "study_id": 50950348, "subject_id": 11184533, "report": "impression: 1. New left moderate pleural effusion is of unknown origin. There was no rib\n fracture on this side on the chest CT.\n 2. Multiple known rib fractures on the right side. Subcutaneous air has\n reaccumulated and there is probable tiny pneumothorax. \n \n Dr. ___ has been paged. Findings: New left moderate pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis is of unknown\n origin. There was no rib fracture on this side on previous CT.\n Subcutaneous air on the right side has reaccumulated with probable tiny\n pneumothorax measuring at most 2 mm. A slightly displaced posterior ___ rib\n fractures are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11184533/s50950348/a4d6eb2d-ae3b9805-63307ba9-71d6adb1-086273c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "51696524-8e79a92a-1d612d88-05e69c89-0407ba04", "study_id": 52571025, "subject_id": 16390608, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Mild cardiomegaly, similar in\n configuration compared to prior. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal opacity, pneumothorax and\n effusion. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged, similar in configuration\n compared to prior. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16390608/s52571025/51696524-8e79a92a-1d612d88-05e69c89-0407ba04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3c38ae7-09da62cd-fa2d8fd9-87b2dedb-bfa16c17", "study_id": 51081126, "subject_id": 12382540, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12382540/s51081126/a3c38ae7-09da62cd-fa2d8fd9-87b2dedb-bfa16c17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6e1ba17-67fba452-7c25999a-858fe234-8f464dd5", "study_id": 57267640, "subject_id": 17965724, "report": "impression: ET tube terminates 1.3 cm above the carina pointing towards the right main\n bronchus and could be retracted by about 2 cm.\n \n Enteric tube terminates in the stomach.\n Bibasilar linear atelectasis without consolidation or pleural effusions. Findings: ET tube terminates 1.3 cm above the Carina pointing towards the right main\n bronchus.\n Enteric tube traverses beyond the diaphragm, distal tip not visualized.\n The lungs are well inflated with bibasilar linear atelectasis. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable cardiomegaly noted. No interval\n change in bony thorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17965724/s57267640/d6e1ba17-67fba452-7c25999a-858fe234-8f464dd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39a40f42-4fc0077b-d8bef632-b5e5c67e-20f6f350", "study_id": 59328331, "subject_id": 16860825, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild fluid overload. No definite focal consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. Findings: There are low lung volumes. Prominence of the central pulmonary vasculature\n suggests mild degree of fluid overload. No definite focal consolidation is\n seen. There is no pleural effusion. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged, likely exaggerated by low lung\n volumes. Mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16860825/s59328331/39a40f42-4fc0077b-d8bef632-b5e5c67e-20f6f350.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd4948a0-938e460c-cf962f36-a46b88d5-b297260e", "study_id": 58804898, "subject_id": 18182317, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right internal jugular\n vein catheter has been removed. The lung volumes remain low but are improved\n as compared to the previous examination. On neither the frontal nor the\n lateral radiograph, there is convincing evidence of substantial pleural\n effusions. Unchanged elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with subsequent\n basal areas of atelectasis. The size of the cardiac silhouette remains\n enlarged. The alignment of the sternal wires is normal. No evidence of\n pneumonia or other complications. Paralleling the lower border of the second\n left rib, there is unchanged evidence of a minimal curvilinear structure that\n might represent a minimal remnant left apical pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18182317/s58804898/cd4948a0-938e460c-cf962f36-a46b88d5-b297260e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78834470-b71e3bca-37df6275-5607cc75-e9612e09", "study_id": 52439487, "subject_id": 11017505, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again seen gaseous\n distention of large bowel and focal small bowel loops, measuring up to 5.3 cm.\n This is consistent with a severe abdominal ileus, though the possibility of a\n distal obstruction would have to be assessed by CT if clinically warranted.\n \n The nasogastric tube now appears to extend to the upper stomach or\n gastroesophageal junction. Again it should be pushed further, so that the\n side hole would be entirely within the stomach.\n \n The hazy opacification of the left hemithorax is somewhat less evident, though\n there is more opacification along the lateral chest wall. It is difficult to\n assess whether there has been substantial change in the degree of pleural\n effusion. Small effusion and atelectatic changes at the right base persists.\n \n Opacification of the left hemithorax with retrocardiac opacity is consistent\n with volume loss in the left lower lobe.\n \n Specifically, there is no radiographic evidence of free intraperitoneal gas. \n However, this is not a true erect view so that pneumoperitoneum cannot be\n excluded. If this is a serious clinical concern, CT would be necessary for\n further evaluation.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11017505/s52439487/78834470-b71e3bca-37df6275-5607cc75-e9612e09.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d76e92a-347b46a5-8ae9bf4e-98bc09e1-be5d8122", "study_id": 57338088, "subject_id": 15573937, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top normal. Except for streaky left basilar\n atelectasis, lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15573937/s57338088/8d76e92a-347b46a5-8ae9bf4e-98bc09e1-be5d8122.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "afb1a218-a44c9270-8a86906f-ada39226-cceedff4", "study_id": 53503256, "subject_id": 16053379, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Well-circumscribed opacity\n projecting over the right lower lung is most likely a nipple shadow rather\n than a nodule. Repeat radiographs with nipple markers and shallow obliques\n are recommended for confirmation. Findings were discussed via telephone with\n Dr. ___ at 15:30 on ___. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is present. A 7-mm well-circumscribed nodular opacity in the\n lower lungs is similar to appearance on ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16053379/s53503256/afb1a218-a44c9270-8a86906f-ada39226-cceedff4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f595814-0e24e0a6-95365863-65937686-dc80dee5", "study_id": 54038154, "subject_id": 16820491, "report": "impression: Basal lung scarring as on recent CT abdomen pelvis. Top-normal heart size. \n Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Areas of basal scarring are\n unchanged from recent prior CT. Otherwise lungs are clear. The heart is\n top-normal in size. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16820491/s54038154/8f595814-0e24e0a6-95365863-65937686-dc80dee5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a87bfddd-d67f9fcc-0c518b57-68504ee3-c66aa3f8", "study_id": 59816490, "subject_id": 12016463, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a marked\n improvement with increased transparency of the lung parenchyma, likely\n reflecting improved ventilation. The lung volumes overall, however, remain\n low.\n \n The ___ tube as well as the endotracheal tube and the right internal\n jugular vein catheter are in unchanged position. No pneumothorax. Borderline\n size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12016463/s59816490/a87bfddd-d67f9fcc-0c518b57-68504ee3-c66aa3f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24a646b8-992a8a77-a0a749e1-9b15d75f-aee6a8e7", "study_id": 53815932, "subject_id": 19821560, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19821560/s53815932/24a646b8-992a8a77-a0a749e1-9b15d75f-aee6a8e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0b9ada9-684f491f-97ac99cd-a7f9eec4-7cd4f69c", "study_id": 56142145, "subject_id": 14143553, "report": "impression: Subtle posterior right basilar opacity, potentially due to a small focus of\n pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. However, if the patient lacks\n infectious symptoms, other potential causes such as lung neoplasm should be\n considered. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged with left ventricular configuration, and the\n thoracic aorta is tortuous, both without change since the prior study. . The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear except for a subtle patchy\n opacity in the right lung base posteriorly. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14143553/s56142145/a0b9ada9-684f491f-97ac99cd-a7f9eec4-7cd4f69c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76ab11b6-2cbd5c7e-9c935d3f-83c91fd9-5400146e", "study_id": 51571369, "subject_id": 13013082, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is seen\n in position of the nasogastric tube. The sidehole is at the level of the\n gastroesophageal junction, the tip is in the proximal parts of the stomach. \n Improved ventilation at the right lung bases. Unchanged size of the cardiac\n silhouette. Unchanged retrocardiac atelectasis and small left pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13013082/s51571369/76ab11b6-2cbd5c7e-9c935d3f-83c91fd9-5400146e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4eb0bd7-65c9bbee-8989eaab-8da61b0f-ed7ed73d", "study_id": 57429705, "subject_id": 19332871, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and central pulmonary artery enlargement. The\n patient has known cardiac chamber enlargement as well as a patent foramen\n ovale as reported on recent echo. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Main pulmonary artery is\n enlarged as demonstrated on prior CTA of the chest. Lungs and pleural\n surfaces are clear. No acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19332871/s57429705/d4eb0bd7-65c9bbee-8989eaab-8da61b0f-ed7ed73d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4cdcd75-2bf44be1-7bbad56f-e0600bb8-4e3513ca", "study_id": 59398828, "subject_id": 14363941, "report": "impression: Continued concern for possible mediastinal enlargement. However, the\n appearance is improved compared with earlier the same day. This would be best\n further assessed with upright PA and lateral CXR views, when the patient is\n able to tolerate it. Alternatively, chest CT could help for further\n assessment. Findings: Compared with the supine trauma board film obtained earlier the same day, the\n current film is also obtained supine, with slightly better, but still low,\n inspiratory volumes. \n \n As before, the mediastinum appears prominent and there is probable mild\n cardiomegaly. There is upper zone redistribution, without overt CHF. There\n is bibasilar atelectasis, slightly improved at the left base. No effusion. No\n apical capping is suggested. No pneumothorax is detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14363941/s59398828/d4cdcd75-2bf44be1-7bbad56f-e0600bb8-4e3513ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2da6df24-3169a39b-8df32094-e5471838-f23f5865", "study_id": 52129118, "subject_id": 12109177, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph.No pleural effusion. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12109177/s52129118/2da6df24-3169a39b-8df32094-e5471838-f23f5865.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3748a77b-ad5aefd1-6e0811b2-ea57f205-f118f931", "study_id": 50255846, "subject_id": 16793843, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16793843/s50255846/3748a77b-ad5aefd1-6e0811b2-ea57f205-f118f931.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01916854-d5382c28-a39f1621-1c3fa704-3f5d0a61", "study_id": 52237381, "subject_id": 17121520, "report": "impression: Improved ventilation with reduction of pulmonary edema and reduced right base\n atelectasis. Findings: All the monitoring device are unchanged and in standard position.\n \n The lung ventilation is improved with reduction of the interstitial pulmonary\n edema. \n \n The right base atelectasis is reduced\n \n Heart size is normal with artosclerosis.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17121520/s52237381/01916854-d5382c28-a39f1621-1c3fa704-3f5d0a61.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50c4a623-dd435c62-7c994ec7-5aa5a9f7-01f3bf8e", "study_id": 55598529, "subject_id": 12250544, "report": "impression: Improvement in pulmonary edema. No additional finding incomplete imaging of\n the left lung Findings: The entire lung fields not included there remains extensive retrocardiac\n opacity in the left base. There is mild pulmonary edema and atelectasis. The\n patient has had a aortic repair.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12250544/s55598529/50c4a623-dd435c62-7c994ec7-5aa5a9f7-01f3bf8e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12a0b811-0c3aecdb-288610f4-0d17c181-5cac6074", "study_id": 57139108, "subject_id": 15407174, "report": "impression: Clear lungs Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n of the cardiac silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15407174/s57139108/12a0b811-0c3aecdb-288610f4-0d17c181-5cac6074.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb164a89-03c68c49-c3d13c8d-3c49e916-aa44eabd", "study_id": 51330362, "subject_id": 14410396, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiac silhouette is mild to moderately enlarged. The aorta is calcified\n and tortuous. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14410396/s51330362/cb164a89-03c68c49-c3d13c8d-3c49e916-aa44eabd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6bd666e0-6aff4fee-8d6b9c3f-133e10a3-84a72be0", "study_id": 56342374, "subject_id": 18297847, "report": "impression: Possible, mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The lung volumes are low, accentuating the heart size and the interstitial\n markings. Mild enlargement of the hilar and mediastinal silhouette with mild\n enlargement of the heart size is new since ___. There is no focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18297847/s56342374/6bd666e0-6aff4fee-8d6b9c3f-133e10a3-84a72be0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "90953118-8e4f540e-83b7e16b-8daf9557-a97b3d9c", "study_id": 59137540, "subject_id": 10521158, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10521158/s59137540/90953118-8e4f540e-83b7e16b-8daf9557-a97b3d9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8ff61f8-4ac19b83-4aacf080-73704330-91364f6e", "study_id": 58094767, "subject_id": 15197176, "report": "impression: New retrocardiac opacity could represent overlapping soft tissues; however, in\n the appropriate clinical setting it could represent pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the\n prior study. Right internal jugular vein catheter tip ends in the distal\n superior vena cava and is unchanged in location. Compared to the prior study\n there is a new retrocardiac opacity. The cardiac silhouette is slightly more\n prominent compared to the prior study. The mediastinal contour is normal and\n there is no evidence of pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No concerning\n osseous or soft tissue lesions.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15197176/s58094767/c8ff61f8-4ac19b83-4aacf080-73704330-91364f6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf4b8d3e-47e1f2b8-357f58af-60f11bce-318cab1d", "study_id": 58571014, "subject_id": 10578209, "report": "impression: 1. A new PICC line with the tip terminating at the distal SVC . Findings: When compared to ___ chest radiograph, the right Port-A-Cath has\n been removed. A new right PICC line has been placed; the tip is visualized in\n the lower SVC. There are no complications nor pneumothorax seen. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hila, and\n pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10578209/s58571014/bf4b8d3e-47e1f2b8-357f58af-60f11bce-318cab1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "730647a1-5a9dcf66-be78aa04-87a751cf-eb1416c1", "study_id": 58778308, "subject_id": 13509433, "report": "impression: Possible artifact projecting over the sternum seen only on the\n lateral view. A repeat lateral radiograph or CT could be considered for\n further evaluation if there is high clinical concern for sternal fracture. Findings: On the lateral view of the chest, there is a triangular-shaped\n artifact along the anterior chest wall, which is likely projectional and\n related to patient positioning, but it is difficult to exclude a sternal\n fracture in this region. No other osseous abnormality is detected. The lungs\n are clear without airspace opacification, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The cardiac silhouette is normal\n in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n trachea is midline. The visualized upper abdomen shows no free air beneath\n the right hemidiaphragm on this upright view.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13509433/s58778308/730647a1-5a9dcf66-be78aa04-87a751cf-eb1416c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e629ab7-3c8c004c-7c6bd75e-1251ca92-b1833e7e", "study_id": 58018343, "subject_id": 15307141, "report": "impression: Doubt significant change compared with ___ at 15:32 Findings: Compared to the prior study there is little interval change. Again seen is a\n right IJ central line tip overlying the distal most SVC. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Vascular plethora is similar to the prior film. \n Patchy retrocardiac opacity is also unchanged. Minimal blunting of the right\n costophrenic angle is also unchanged. No pneumothorax detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15307141/s58018343/8e629ab7-3c8c004c-7c6bd75e-1251ca92-b1833e7e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c19221fb-ff9acd0e-6fc12a4e-1cc30ea6-712c6e81", "study_id": 55188678, "subject_id": 15985103, "report": "impression: Worsening opacities in the right lung compatible with known\n conglomerate masses. Given the degree of change at the base over a relatively\n short time period, findings are worrisome for new pneumonia. Findings: Opacities at the right mid lung and right base are worse,\n especially at the base. Multiple other cavitary nodules in both lobes are\n better demonstrated on recent CT but are grossly similar in number. There is\n likely small right pleural effusion. There is no cardiomegaly. Bilateral\n hilar fullness is compatible with known mediastinal lymphadenopathy. There is\n no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15985103/s55188678/c19221fb-ff9acd0e-6fc12a4e-1cc30ea6-712c6e81.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8d6f4fd-05e0f8b4-e46d44a5-d0ee73c8-04d27962", "study_id": 56361270, "subject_id": 16583386, "report": "impression: Patient is known with prior breast cancer. Moderate right pleural effusion is\n new and is of unknown etiology. \n \n Dr. ___ has been verbally contacted for the results. Findings: Moderate pleural effusion on the right side is new with compressive\n atelectasis of unknown etiology. Left lung is unremarkable. Right apical\n opacity is unchanged since ___ and is probably compatible with scarring. \n There is no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16583386/s56361270/a8d6f4fd-05e0f8b4-e46d44a5-d0ee73c8-04d27962.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e992268a-c4a10aa1-0ffe2433-6194ad13-a3ad3dac", "study_id": 57138756, "subject_id": 16809525, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. This exam is somewhat limited due to\n patient body habitus. The lungs are well expanded and appear clear. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is top\n normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16809525/s57138756/e992268a-c4a10aa1-0ffe2433-6194ad13-a3ad3dac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73d721c5-bfd82580-3ab9858e-fab067a7-776454c0", "study_id": 58652998, "subject_id": 10124807, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no\n pneumomediastinum. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. There is no\n free intraperitoneal air.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10124807/s58652998/73d721c5-bfd82580-3ab9858e-fab067a7-776454c0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f09443ff-88061351-5181fd7c-def8d832-acdf143a", "study_id": 51576949, "subject_id": 13529309, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumonia. Findings: Linear bibasilar opacities most likely represent atelectasis. No consolidation\n pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no free air beneath the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13529309/s51576949/f09443ff-88061351-5181fd7c-def8d832-acdf143a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94c0c87a-3b8dcc51-72f0c7f8-10580ea6-bf4f6306", "study_id": 51440368, "subject_id": 12783356, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is\n minimal left base atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n evidence or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable with the aorta tortuous and the cardiac silhouette top normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12783356/s51440368/94c0c87a-3b8dcc51-72f0c7f8-10580ea6-bf4f6306.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12ce14c6-3ce16329-5c2be1fa-3135e340-fc427c18", "study_id": 56312919, "subject_id": 17763553, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar\n along the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17763553/s56312919/12ce14c6-3ce16329-5c2be1fa-3135e340-fc427c18.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1412b872-3f287039-dfbecd4e-581f4a0e-5f086b4c", "study_id": 59185395, "subject_id": 11372027, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and mild interstitial and perihilar edema. Findings: Redemonstrated is a right internal jugular central venous line, with the tip\n terminating in the proximal right atrium. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart is moderately enlarged. \n Prominent hilar opacity is stable likely reflecting engorged hilar vessels,\n although lymphadenopathy can't be entirely excluded. There is mild perihilar\n and interstitial edema, not significantly changed from ___. \n Calcifications are noted involving the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11372027/s59185395/1412b872-3f287039-dfbecd4e-581f4a0e-5f086b4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5dface19-fec8ff63-2718ba5b-cecec65a-6cec13de", "study_id": 52688051, "subject_id": 12759187, "report": "impression: Stable marked cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate marked\n cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary interstitial edema. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No convincing signs of pneumonia. An anterior wedge\n deformity is again seen within the lower thoracic spine. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12759187/s52688051/5dface19-fec8ff63-2718ba5b-cecec65a-6cec13de.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dac7f4d0-6b03468a-b3b59536-ddb11dc4-45f2c1c3", "study_id": 54119321, "subject_id": 10607290, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are unchanged. Moderate\n cardiomegaly without pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumonia. \n Low lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10607290/s54119321/dac7f4d0-6b03468a-b3b59536-ddb11dc4-45f2c1c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c0a90b6-7786dd50-57939b5c-1e9dfe79-b8b77895", "study_id": 56554785, "subject_id": 11803134, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact the appear somewhat demineralized diffusely. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11803134/s56554785/0c0a90b6-7786dd50-57939b5c-1e9dfe79-b8b77895.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb714b6a-339931b9-8625e63f-791e386a-e9c6e88f", "study_id": 53182298, "subject_id": 14190122, "report": "impression: Interval decrease in size of the right pleural effusion. No\n evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: Since the prior exam, the patient has undergone a right\n thoracentesis. The right pleural effusion has significantly decreased in\n size. A trace pleural effusion likely persists. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax. There is no new opacity or pulmonary edema. There is no left\n pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable with unchanged\n moderate cardiomegaly. The patient is status post cardiac bypass. Sternal\n wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14190122/s53182298/eb714b6a-339931b9-8625e63f-791e386a-e9c6e88f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef02b15b-5bccff9f-9c43d531-6fe2d7fc-6f7c547b", "study_id": 58908147, "subject_id": 17282717, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary edema. Retrocardiac\n opacification is consistent with volume loss in the lower lobe and blunting of\n the costophrenic angle suggests pleural effusion.\n \n Monitoring and support devices remain in place.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17282717/s58908147/ef02b15b-5bccff9f-9c43d531-6fe2d7fc-6f7c547b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75e41f61-612bb748-ba4c1339-045095dd-29841cbc", "study_id": 56302111, "subject_id": 18113970, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been minimally removed. The large hiatal hernia is seen in unchanged\n position. The adjacent apical parenchymal opacity on the right is unchanged\n in extent and severity. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Unchanged normal\n appearance of the left lung.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18113970/s56302111/75e41f61-612bb748-ba4c1339-045095dd-29841cbc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd9cdc41-298d4c06-4d754070-8469ee03-790bcc39", "study_id": 55796733, "subject_id": 18781799, "report": "impression: Mild vascular congestion. Findings: Cardiac size is normal. Mediastinum is widened. Patient has known mediastinal\n and hilar lymphadenopathy better seen in prior CT. There is mild vascular\n congestion. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are low lung\n volumes.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18781799/s55796733/bd9cdc41-298d4c06-4d754070-8469ee03-790bcc39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "56f3d0c3-5f8aadab-2d44a401-a4216457-7c7c8e20", "study_id": 56168488, "subject_id": 16604776, "report": "impression: Patient is known with metastatic melanoma and complete left upper lobe\n collapse on left hilar and mediastinal mass. Fiducial marker projecting in\n mid mediastinum on the left side of the trachea is unchanged. Findings: Patient is known with metastatic melanoma to the lungs.\n \n Left upper lobe complete collapse with hilar and mediastinal mass is\n unchanged. Fiducial marker is stable projecting on the left side of lower\n trachea in the mediastinum. Right lung is unremarkable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16604776/s56168488/56f3d0c3-5f8aadab-2d44a401-a4216457-7c7c8e20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4355d2a8-4344690e-fa689bbc-93b460a2-785b4935", "study_id": 59436062, "subject_id": 13056496, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pericardial drain has\n been removed. There is no evidence of interval recurrence of larger pleural\n effusions. No evidence of pericardial effusion. Known and unchanged left\n hilar mass with subsequent areas of perihilar fibrotic changes.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13056496/s59436062/4355d2a8-4344690e-fa689bbc-93b460a2-785b4935.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1194edea-7dc32dba-9388ff4b-bd0311fc-774a096b", "study_id": 58218678, "subject_id": 17172139, "report": "impression: Vascular congestion. More confluent opacity at the left mid lung may be due\n to infection versus component of vascular congestion. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Patient is relatively\n kyphotic in position. There is prominence and indistinctness of the hila\n suggesting moderate vascular congestion. For confluent opacity at the left\n mid lung could be due to vascular congestion versus infection. No large\n pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Again seen chronic deformity of the right\n humeral head.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17172139/s58218678/1194edea-7dc32dba-9388ff4b-bd0311fc-774a096b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17c997a4-013a10ed-b667b617-802b1386-4e079322", "study_id": 55066503, "subject_id": 16037806, "report": "impression: Persistent left greater than right pleural effusions when\n compared to previous exam from ___. Associated left basilar opacity\n could represent adjacent atelectasis/scar, although infection is not\n completely excluded and clinical correlation suggested. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Previously identified right-sided PICC line is no longer\n seen. Bilateral left greater than right small pleural effusions persist, not\n significantly changed. Associated left base opacity may represent adjacent\n atelectasis, although a component of infection is not completely excluded. \n Superiorly, the lungs are clear without evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. Dense atherosclerotic\n calcifications again seen at the arch. Severe mid thoracic wedge deformity in\n the thoracic spine is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16037806/s55066503/17c997a4-013a10ed-b667b617-802b1386-4e079322.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b4b2c6f8-5513da6e-3d2e733f-63f6051e-f72c673f", "study_id": 57469914, "subject_id": 16287674, "report": "impression: No evidence acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded. Several none pulmonary nodules are faintly\n seen but better appreciated on prior CT. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16287674/s57469914/b4b2c6f8-5513da6e-3d2e733f-63f6051e-f72c673f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7cb1005-5be4bce8-347bb68c-61525cc7-b898e0dd", "study_id": 52554322, "subject_id": 11660800, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, they are still low lung volumes\n which may account for some of the prominence of the transverse diameter of the\n heart. Pulmonary vascularity is now essentially within normal limits. \n Atelectatic changes are seen at the left base and there are bilateral pleural\n effusions seen on the upright lateral view.\n \n The left subclavian catheter remains in position and the right IJ sheath has\n been removed.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11660800/s52554322/a7cb1005-5be4bce8-347bb68c-61525cc7-b898e0dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15453658-d5e46536-0a98ac29-196f6595-476f9cb7", "study_id": 56643889, "subject_id": 11036723, "report": "impression: 1. Status post aortic valve replacement. No evidence of mediastinal\n widening. \n \n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post an aortic valve replacement. There are small,\n bilateral pleural effusions seen with minimal adjacent bibasilar atelectasis. \n There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or overt pulmonary edema\n identified. Mild cardiomegaly is noted. Calcifications are noted within the\n aortic arch. There is mild rightward tracheal deviation, likely secondary to a\n tortuous aorta.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11036723/s56643889/15453658-d5e46536-0a98ac29-196f6595-476f9cb7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "958d06c1-39aed3c6-ed26918c-95a63503-dda972bb", "study_id": 54197640, "subject_id": 13028097, "report": "impression: 1. The proximal side port of the transesophageal tube ends at the\n gastroesophageal junction and could be advanced.\n \n 2. Ill-defined opacity at the left lung base could be further evaluated with\n conventional chest radiographs. Findings: A transesophageal tube ends in the stomach, however, the most proximal side\n port ends at the gastroesophageal junction.\n \n Abdominal drains, surgical clips and skin ___ are from prior surgery. \n Ill-defined opacity at the left lung base is not fully imaged. The right lung\n base is clear. The heart size is normal. There are marked degenerative\n changes within the lower lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13028097/s54197640/958d06c1-39aed3c6-ed26918c-95a63503-dda972bb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cde25aef-fd710d26-001c9c43-0156bc41-8bf46cf3", "study_id": 59879958, "subject_id": 13056496, "report": "impression: Pericardiocentesis line in place. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar\n study of ___. These findings are grossly unaltered. Identified\n is a new drainage line apparently representing a subxyphoid advanced\n pericardiocentesis with the termination point of the line in the ___ the\n heart shadow. The single plain examination does not allow specific location\n of the line if anteriorly or posteriorly in the pericardial space. The outer\n contours of the heart have not undergone any significant interval change. No\n pneumothorax is seen in the apical area.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13056496/s59879958/cde25aef-fd710d26-001c9c43-0156bc41-8bf46cf3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "467f7549-a655e77e-b89873ab-9794265c-ae417648", "study_id": 52067654, "subject_id": 10988643, "report": "impression: Pleural thickening at the left lung base. Otherwise normal. No pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Blunting of the left CP angle on\n the frontal projection only likely represents pleural thickening/ scarring.\n Otherwise the lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No bony\n injuries.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10988643/s52067654/467f7549-a655e77e-b89873ab-9794265c-ae417648.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20aca6b9-b0c17b51-68937ff6-3a7e8017-0345bb05", "study_id": 56235995, "subject_id": 11604188, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11604188/s56235995/20aca6b9-b0c17b51-68937ff6-3a7e8017-0345bb05.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8d86958-efebf824-b1fe256e-8fdaf6e1-1254a5c6", "study_id": 50971124, "subject_id": 15285738, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n unchanged. Findings: There is no focal consolidation or vascular congestion. There are\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Again\n seen are stents in the left brachiocephalic and SVC. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15285738/s50971124/b8d86958-efebf824-b1fe256e-8fdaf6e1-1254a5c6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06e87c9c-1ea25e9e-bf604715-cb528f6e-0bb34890", "study_id": 56508574, "subject_id": 18579890, "report": "impression: Patient's chin partially obscures the lung apices. Right apical opacity may\n relate to apical pleural thickening although underlying consolidation is not\n excluded. AP lordotic view would be helpful for further evaluation and is\n recommended. Findings: Patient's overlying chin partially obscures the lung apices. Given this, right\n apical opacity may relate to apical pleural thickening although a subtle\n underlying consolidation is not excluded. AP lordotic view would be helpful\n for further evaluation. No definite consolidation seen on the lateral view.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is\n top-normal to mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. While\n the osseous structures of the spine are not well assessed, there appears to be\n possible subtle compression deformities, not well assessed. Degenerative\n changes are partially imaged at the shoulder joints.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18579890/s56508574/06e87c9c-1ea25e9e-bf604715-cb528f6e-0bb34890.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfbc796a-5b784fa5-7f13df0a-07aff773-7541f99d", "study_id": 59228883, "subject_id": 18203271, "report": "impression: Probable trace left pleural effusion. Otherwise no acute cardiopulmonary\n abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with heart size is\n within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. Minimal blunting of the left\n costophrenic sulcus on the frontal view suggests a trace pleural effusion. No\n right-sided pleural effusion is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18203271/s59228883/cfbc796a-5b784fa5-7f13df0a-07aff773-7541f99d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9be4ccd3-9cd8e4a0-977ad1bb-d8f3c816-5f1da208", "study_id": 55197331, "subject_id": 19398915, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate pulmonary interstitial edema and large right pleural effusion. Findings: There is a large right pleural effusion with severe compressive atelectasis\n and a very small amount of remaining aerated lung. Confluent diffuse airspace\n opacities are also present in the left lung. There is no large left effusion.\n No pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is largely obscured", "image_path": [ "p19/p19398915/s55197331/9be4ccd3-9cd8e4a0-977ad1bb-d8f3c816-5f1da208.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1024e59b-373ab5f7-49209dda-c77c1e53-d86e24b6", "study_id": 54868559, "subject_id": 18559699, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with upper zone redistribution, similar to prior.\n \n Elevated hemidiaphragm with right base atelectasis and small right effusion,\n also similar to prior. In the appropriate clinical setting, the differential\n could include an early pneumonic infiltrate. Findings: The right lung apex and upper mediastinum are obscured by the patient's head\n and neck. Allowing for this, no gross change is identified.\n \n Again seen is cardiomegaly with a dual lead pacemaker and patchy opacity at\n the right lung base, with minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle,\n similar to the prior study. As before, the right hemidiaphragm appears\n elevated. Also again seen is atelectasis at the left lung base. No left no\n gross left effusion. Upper zone redistribution again noted. Doubt overt CHF.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18559699/s54868559/1024e59b-373ab5f7-49209dda-c77c1e53-d86e24b6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ebc32835-c5951563-e27fe432-b502d217-b00a141d", "study_id": 52786439, "subject_id": 18016603, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly is stable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the heart is mildly\n enlarged, but stable compared to prior exams. Aortic knob and LAD\n calcifications/stent are again noted. Subsegmental atelectasis in the left\n mid lung and lung base are unchanged. Right apical scarring is again noted. \n Otherwise, the lungs are clear with no evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary\n edema or focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18016603/s52786439/ebc32835-c5951563-e27fe432-b502d217-b00a141d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75edd9c3-d57353d1-7035d12c-06c4a589-080d65a3", "study_id": 53812761, "subject_id": 15303810, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes have slightly decreased, caused by a lesser\n inspiratory effort. No evidence of pneumonia. Minimal atelectasis at the\n lung bases. No evidence of pleural effusions on the lateral radiograph. \n Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15303810/s53812761/75edd9c3-d57353d1-7035d12c-06c4a589-080d65a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8e021bf-b778d008-4448656b-5e45d23c-66d64ce1", "study_id": 59019599, "subject_id": 14197893, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing opacity at\n the left lung base has completely cleared. No evidence of scarring or remnant\n pleural effusion. Otherwise, normal lung parenchyma. Borderline size of the\n cardiac silhouette without evidence of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14197893/s59019599/d8e021bf-b778d008-4448656b-5e45d23c-66d64ce1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb444ac0-64e85739-9c43880f-e7d8d22f-599b8250", "study_id": 59547540, "subject_id": 19920091, "report": "impression: 1. Previously seen patchy opacities resolved with better inspiratory effort.\n 2. Top normal heart size with no concrete evidence of pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Previously seen patchy opacities at the lung bases have resolved\n with better inspiration. The cardiac size is top normal with no concrete\n evidence of pulmonary congestion. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19920091/s59547540/fb444ac0-64e85739-9c43880f-e7d8d22f-599b8250.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c6ed6a8-a7c47d7b-bddf4ef5-7e5a9d5c-e0d01f06", "study_id": 51003432, "subject_id": 12229991, "report": "impression: 1. Stable appearance of the chest with no evidence of acute process.\n 2. Gastric distension Findings: There is stable mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and tortuosity of\n the thoracic aorta. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is not significantly\n changed with adjacent subsegmental left lower lobe atelectasis. Calcified\n granulomas are noted. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Note is made of gastric distension", "image_path": [ "p12/p12229991/s51003432/1c6ed6a8-a7c47d7b-bddf4ef5-7e5a9d5c-e0d01f06.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e7d756c5-d33fa0e8-5cd992eb-d5ec32d4-ac6d52f4", "study_id": 59306088, "subject_id": 16693201, "report": "impression: ___ opacities worrisome for pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. Trace bilateral pleural effusions are suspected.\n There are patchy opacities in both lower lobes, as well as probable opacities\n in the right middle lobe and lingula, worrisome for pneumonia. The bony\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16693201/s59306088/e7d756c5-d33fa0e8-5cd992eb-d5ec32d4-ac6d52f4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "63846469-de6bab1d-ac229ea7-9201267b-d422389b", "study_id": 51383228, "subject_id": 18308271, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, a pre-existing left pleural\n effusion has completely resolved. There is no evidence of new effusion. No\n pulmonary edema and no fluid overload. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly and\n sternal wires. Unchanged vascular stent in the left axillary region.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18308271/s51383228/63846469-de6bab1d-ac229ea7-9201267b-d422389b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81c9a861-11813192-7ebbc73b-d56f5b4a-7d764053", "study_id": 54424919, "subject_id": 12158733, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12158733/s54424919/81c9a861-11813192-7ebbc73b-d56f5b4a-7d764053.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8878bca2-2f313b5a-8e385578-a4d9014e-25e812bb", "study_id": 54871704, "subject_id": 15491563, "report": "impression: Enlarged cardiac silhouette. No definite superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Lungs are grossly clear of consolidation or large effusion noting limitation\n due to portable technique and overlying soft tissues. There is moderate\n enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15491563/s54871704/8878bca2-2f313b5a-8e385578-a4d9014e-25e812bb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76501749-341c8bf8-c49e5fd7-ce92c0aa-74fe6c9c", "study_id": 56572542, "subject_id": 19419360, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No acute focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary\n vasculature is essentially normal. The cardiac silhouette is top normal in\n size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19419360/s56572542/76501749-341c8bf8-c49e5fd7-ce92c0aa-74fe6c9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "807cf1e5-ab9d184e-f371bbde-ccaf22e9-7cfc79e3", "study_id": 55058691, "subject_id": 15973347, "report": "impression: Streaky left base opacity could be due to atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Azygos lobe is incidentally noted. Subtle left lower lobe opacity seen on the\n frontal view, not well seen on the lateral view, could be due to atelectasis\n or pneumonia. No focal consolidation is seen on the right. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. Cervical surgical hardware is\n incidentally noted but not well assessed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15973347/s55058691/807cf1e5-ab9d184e-f371bbde-ccaf22e9-7cfc79e3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3524a234-2869ae54-9b03918e-d97d2484-80a4e740", "study_id": 59742753, "subject_id": 10900387, "report": "impression: Right middle and lower lobe opacification concerning for\n pneumonia on a background of mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates dense opacification of\n the right middle and lower lobe suggesting pneumonia on a background of mild\n pulmonary edema. Minimally increased retrocardiac opacification likely\n represents atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax evident. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Stable moderate cardiomegaly\n evident. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10900387/s59742753/3524a234-2869ae54-9b03918e-d97d2484-80a4e740.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9642ff8-1e3de36f-b523a0dd-8f20d4d2-f4c4a88c", "study_id": 55866615, "subject_id": 14296060, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is hardware within the left clavicle unchanged. The heart size is\n globular and enlarged. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusions or\n signs for overt pulmonary edema. Healed right upper rib fracture is also\n seen. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine is seen on the lateral\n view.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14296060/s55866615/f9642ff8-1e3de36f-b523a0dd-8f20d4d2-f4c4a88c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f744f6b1-918305f4-cac1f047-2bf125dc-260ef06c", "study_id": 57778824, "subject_id": 17652927, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly with no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains moderately enlarged. A\n single-lead AICD device is noted with the lead terminating in appropriate\n position. A right-sided PICC is noted with the catheter tip at the right\n superior cavoatrial junction. The lungs are clear with no evidence of a\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17652927/s57778824/f744f6b1-918305f4-cac1f047-2bf125dc-260ef06c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1ab6670-e42517e3-0edb90ca-b5fa2763-ef3873e6", "study_id": 57130844, "subject_id": 11083484, "report": "impression: No cardiopulmonary process to explain elevated calcium and\n vitamin D. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are well expanded with left\n apical thickening, likely a sequela of prior radiation treatment. The lungs\n are otherwise clear. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. Surgical\n clips in the left axilla are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11083484/s57130844/f1ab6670-e42517e3-0edb90ca-b5fa2763-ef3873e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3697165-8b632cea-3b7ec1eb-352fed51-68346e15", "study_id": 57543317, "subject_id": 10156648, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10156648/s57543317/d3697165-8b632cea-3b7ec1eb-352fed51-68346e15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89e31d4d-4f0807b2-959839f9-7aea345d-f3ea6b92", "study_id": 51777207, "subject_id": 13983096, "report": "The heart is minimally larger than on the prior study and there is mild\n pulmonary vascular redistribution. Lung volumes are slightly low and there is\n crowding at the bases. An early infiltrate in the lower lobes can't be\n totally excluded. The right CP angle is obscured and there could be a small\n right effusion", "image_path": [ "p13/p13983096/s51777207/89e31d4d-4f0807b2-959839f9-7aea345d-f3ea6b92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bc3dcfd-c56047e0-d2cc83f7-af5d32f9-d92c4e2d", "study_id": 52222165, "subject_id": 15851324, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Hyperinflated lungs suggestive of COPD. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal. The lungs are clear. There is hyperinflation of the lungs with\n flattening of the diaphragms. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15851324/s52222165/0bc3dcfd-c56047e0-d2cc83f7-af5d32f9-d92c4e2d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "333833a9-b415639c-2ea1fbd2-fdcf3e8c-78970843", "study_id": 56433918, "subject_id": 14111050, "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n supine position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study\n obtained eight hours earlier during the same day. The patient remains\n intubated, the ETT in unchanged position terminating the trachea some 6 cm\n above the level of the carina. One NG tube can be identified, seen to pass\n through the esophagus and reaching well into the abdominal area. A previously\n existing wide caliber right internal jugular approach line has been removed. \n No pneumothorax has developed. The lung fields are grossly clear on this\n portable supine chest examination without evidence of any central airway\n obstruction or major atelectasis. Mild blunting of the right lateral pleural\n sinus is noted.\n \n Crowded appearance of basal vascular structures suggests the presence of plate\n atelectasis, but this finding has not progressed significantly. The pulmonary\n vasculature does not show evidence of central pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14111050/s56433918/333833a9-b415639c-2ea1fbd2-fdcf3e8c-78970843.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dcb0570a-b2187007-fd019ae0-75906b8b-4c067832", "study_id": 53072279, "subject_id": 12670589, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12670589/s53072279/dcb0570a-b2187007-fd019ae0-75906b8b-4c067832.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "668944fb-62f73f03-1bdebe17-b2c785b7-fd6825f4", "study_id": 52207418, "subject_id": 14980724, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is stable without vascular congestion. Dual-channel\n pacer device remains in place. Specifically, no evidence of interstitial\n changes to suggest amiodarone toxicity.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14980724/s52207418/668944fb-62f73f03-1bdebe17-b2c785b7-fd6825f4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fd55256-c3fba48a-c0dcd79b-c29675b4-93c0cebb", "study_id": 52295153, "subject_id": 15613783, "report": "impression: Decrease in size of bilateral effusions. Findings: Small to moderate right effusion an adjacent atelectasis have decreased.\n Moderate left effusion has decreased but the adjacent atelectasis has\n increased. The upper lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac size\n cannot be evaluated", "image_path": [ "p15/p15613783/s52295153/0fd55256-c3fba48a-c0dcd79b-c29675b4-93c0cebb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7239821-5c265de7-bfa0c6b5-25a69c6e-eac7ca39", "study_id": 57719101, "subject_id": 16357550, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. There is no free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16357550/s57719101/d7239821-5c265de7-bfa0c6b5-25a69c6e-eac7ca39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad9f3ea5-1b6a95f5-3951b865-9918158d-03be898d", "study_id": 57299929, "subject_id": 12343035, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12343035/s57299929/ad9f3ea5-1b6a95f5-3951b865-9918158d-03be898d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df18845d-2d3d2a71-1fdd088e-0506fd6b-3cb239c3", "study_id": 57274973, "subject_id": 10157508, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no interval\n change or evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. There is some\n hyperexpansion of the lungs consistent with chronic changes. However, no\n evidence of skeletal or pulmonary metastases.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10157508/s57274973/df18845d-2d3d2a71-1fdd088e-0506fd6b-3cb239c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8797da90-72691190-748c759a-89433242-99c53a5a", "study_id": 55158903, "subject_id": 19635953, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is now a nasogastric tube\n in place in the upper stomach. The side hole is poorly seen and the tube\n should be pushed forward if possible.\n \n Slightly better inspiration, but otherwise, little change in the appearance of\n the heart and lungs.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19635953/s55158903/8797da90-72691190-748c759a-89433242-99c53a5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a450ea02-4ed97e9e-fa66785a-c02052dd-7442c90c", "study_id": 51748408, "subject_id": 18323186, "report": "impression: ___ tube tip is seen in the hypopharynx. Results were discussed with Dr.\n ___ ___ ___ tube had already removed by care team.\n \n Stable small left pleural effusion. Findings: Right central venous line terminates in the right atrium. ___ tube tip is seen\n in the upper neck region. Mild cardiomegaly stable. The lungs are clear. \n Small left pleural effusion stable. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18323186/s51748408/a450ea02-4ed97e9e-fa66785a-c02052dd-7442c90c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3cf8d6b-e066422c-4110450a-ed21aa22-0ec03526", "study_id": 59890599, "subject_id": 13412848, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes remain\n low. Also unchanged is the moderately enlarged cardiac silhouette and the\n massive tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. In addition, the mild pleural\n thickening at the lateral aspects of the right lung base are also constant. \n The lateral radiograph displays minimal atelectasis in the retrocardiac lung\n areas but no signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Large perihilar vessels indicate\n mild and probably chronic fluid overload. An apparently normal contour of the\n seventh right rib is caused by the inferior angle of the scapula.\n \n No pneumothorax, no pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13412848/s59890599/a3cf8d6b-e066422c-4110450a-ed21aa22-0ec03526.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "803f6c56-ac571aa9-70565968-0ec65c52-1ef5a9dc", "study_id": 51313391, "subject_id": 12511936, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are mildly hyperinflated and clear. There is no pneumothorax. The\n heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Regional bones and soft\n tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12511936/s51313391/803f6c56-ac571aa9-70565968-0ec65c52-1ef5a9dc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73613053-ce5a0478-bc85616a-d6f58fc2-bab0b20f", "study_id": 53392758, "subject_id": 17361324, "report": "Allowing for differences in technique and projection, there has not\n been a relevant short interval change since the recent study performed one day\n earlier.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17361324/s53392758/73613053-ce5a0478-bc85616a-d6f58fc2-bab0b20f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2f49628-aaeff87b-a672b89f-7fc78832-8f62b00a", "study_id": 54795234, "subject_id": 14490374, "report": "impression: 1. Improvement of bibasilar atelectasis.\n 2. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. Findings: ET tube is 5.6 cm above the carina, left-sided PICC line is in mid SVC. \n Bibasilar atelectasis has significantly improved and is now minimal. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a NG tube in the stomach.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14490374/s54795234/e2f49628-aaeff87b-a672b89f-7fc78832-8f62b00a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "64219e9c-74bf7bbd-b1c4e357-707c6fdb-47712f30", "study_id": 52760181, "subject_id": 19688039, "report": "impression: Slight improvement of left apical pneumothorax and left pleural effusion. Findings: The lungs are clear. There has been removal of the left chest tube.The left\n apical pneumothorax is mildly improved. The left pleural effusion is mildly\n improved. There has been interval improvement of the left chest wall\n subcutaneous emphysema. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19688039/s52760181/64219e9c-74bf7bbd-b1c4e357-707c6fdb-47712f30.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cb28c4e-df8cc4a8-c76eb91d-706db9f6-d27054fd", "study_id": 59078646, "subject_id": 16872031, "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion with associated atelectasis. Underlying consolidation\n cannot be excluded.\n \n 2. Small right pleural effusion. Findings: There is a small right pleural effusion and a moderate left pleural effusion\n with associated atelectasis; although, underlying consolidation cannot be\n excluded. There is no pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged. Old ___ through ___ left rib fractures are noted as well as an old\n left clavicle fracture.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16872031/s59078646/2cb28c4e-df8cc4a8-c76eb91d-706db9f6-d27054fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f486271a-f23abc68-0d3985e5-16e126e5-d6595630", "study_id": 59939004, "subject_id": 11422282, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation without acute cardiopulmonary process. On the lateral view\n there is suggestion of a pulmonary nodule along the major fissure which may\n have grown since prior CT. Other pulmonary nodules better seen on prior CT. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear of consolidation, effusion or pulmonary\n edema. Known pulmonary nodules seen on prior CT are not clearly delineated.\n There is however a nodular opacity on the lateral view projecting over the\n major fissure compatible with nodule seen on prior exam, potentially with\n interval growth. Multiple healed right lateral rib fractures are again seen.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11422282/s59939004/f486271a-f23abc68-0d3985e5-16e126e5-d6595630.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1441723a-a9cd5b2f-a816abf6-474e1cc3-200b3629", "study_id": 50180480, "subject_id": 17691205, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. Mediastinal\n contours are stable. There is againmild prominence of the main pulmonary\n artery. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. There is mild diffuse increase\n in interstitial markings bilaterally, which may be due to mild interstitial\n edema. No large pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17691205/s50180480/1441723a-a9cd5b2f-a816abf6-474e1cc3-200b3629.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c80fec6-33323f6a-a3fb6356-49cba348-a09985a3", "study_id": 58120870, "subject_id": 10839017, "report": "impression: New mild pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions and adjacent\n atelectasis since ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette does not appear to significantly enlarged,\n however, bilateral increased reticular lung markings are concerning for new\n mild pulmonary edema with bilateral moderate pleural effusions and adjacent\n atelectasis. There has been interval removal previously noted feeding tube. \n No acute osseous abnormalities are identified. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10839017/s58120870/0c80fec6-33323f6a-a3fb6356-49cba348-a09985a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "134290cb-70af201a-8a4c45ca-4c687715-f012f96f", "study_id": 50022708, "subject_id": 18440442, "report": "impression: Persistently low lung volumes. Subtle mild bibasilar opacities likely\n represent atelectasis or overlap of vascular structures. . Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath terminates in the low SVC without evidence of\n pneumothorax. Low lung volumes persist. No focal consolidation is seen. Re-\n demonstrated minimal bibasilar patchy opacities most likely represent\n atelectasis or overlap of vascular structures. No large pleural effusion is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18440442/s50022708/134290cb-70af201a-8a4c45ca-4c687715-f012f96f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9b73a30-a9fbe615-f08e4cdb-9dc85707-8f45face", "study_id": 52240068, "subject_id": 10364180, "report": "impression: 1. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, new since ___, and\n bilateral small pleural effusions.\n 2. Bibasilar streaky opacities likely reflect atelectasis, however, infection\n should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n 3. Severe emphysema. Scattered ill-defined nodules within the lungs are better\n demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings: Increased interstitial opacities and prominence of the pulmonary vasculature\n is consistent with mild interstitial edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions\n are present, with the left effusion appearing new in the interval. Bibasilar\n streaky opacities have slightly increased since ___ and may represent\n atelectasis however infection should be considered in the appropriate clinical\n setting. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. The aortic is diffusely calcified.\n Extensive emphysematous changes are re- demonstrated. More focal ill-defined\n nodular opacities are re- demonstrated, most pronounced in the upper lobes,\n and better seen on the prior CT. Known right lower lobe spiculated nodule is\n obscured on the current exam. No acute osseous abnormalities present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10364180/s52240068/c9b73a30-a9fbe615-f08e4cdb-9dc85707-8f45face.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0e1a1dd-631489f8-f8309a00-06d8f7ca-ac167324", "study_id": 53868527, "subject_id": 18899110, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation, effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified. No free intraperitoneal air is seen below the\n diaphragm. Partially visualized stent is identified in the right upper\n quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18899110/s53868527/e0e1a1dd-631489f8-f8309a00-06d8f7ca-ac167324.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0956c6c-d55e1f34-1f7d603c-db2fb20d-7bf8a8f2", "study_id": 58766243, "subject_id": 11536552, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Disc spacer\n device within the lower cervical spine is incompletely imaged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11536552/s58766243/b0956c6c-d55e1f34-1f7d603c-db2fb20d-7bf8a8f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "865b0fd5-ef24d8c0-faad5915-d3e118e4-b7d3d0d8", "study_id": 57199007, "subject_id": 16065591, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16065591/s57199007/865b0fd5-ef24d8c0-faad5915-d3e118e4-b7d3d0d8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceb348c8-163c5322-ff4e6f2c-5203e097-98caf72c", "study_id": 56470244, "subject_id": 18299037, "report": "impression: Left upper lung nodules are most consistent with metastases.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 10:58 p.m. via\n telephone on the day of the study. Findings: A round 2.4 cm opacity in the superior aspect of the left upper\n lobe and an ovoid 1.8 cm opacity in the inferior aspect left upper lobe are\n both most consistent with metastases. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart\n size is top normal. The mediastinal contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18299037/s56470244/ceb348c8-163c5322-ff4e6f2c-5203e097-98caf72c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efc8c787-baa13f6b-84035731-fe0d23d8-2504e1e0", "study_id": 54776402, "subject_id": 17832220, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lung volumes are low. This accentuates the size of the cardiac silhouette\n which otherwise appears normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Apart from mild bibasilar atelectasis, the lungs are clear. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute\n osseous abnormalities demonstrated. Multilevel degenerative changes are\n present within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17832220/s54776402/efc8c787-baa13f6b-84035731-fe0d23d8-2504e1e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23d9167b-977c3c10-22e6a4a8-9180755f-bb82efe4", "study_id": 56493016, "subject_id": 18078839, "report": "impression: 1. Interstitial and alveolar opacities consistent with moderate pulmonary\n edema.\n 2. Bibasilar opacities likely reflecting pleural effusions and atelectasis,\n right greater than left. However, pneumonia is also within the differential\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There are diffuse alveolar and interstitial\n opacities compatible with pulmonary edema. Bibasilar opacities, right greater\n than left, are likely a combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis. \n However, consolidative pneumonia cannot be entirely excluded. No pneumothorax\n is evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n Clips are visualized in the region of the gastroesophageal junction.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18078839/s56493016/23d9167b-977c3c10-22e6a4a8-9180755f-bb82efe4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f5925ba-c322b78a-bc46c642-419a0b9c-16c29cc8", "study_id": 54358872, "subject_id": 15613928, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Slight loss\n of height of the L1 vertebral body is unchanged. Cholecystectomy clips are\n noted in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15613928/s54358872/9f5925ba-c322b78a-bc46c642-419a0b9c-16c29cc8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "642f2031-a1eb3e69-7550390e-5e7e04a1-33f629e6", "study_id": 57285656, "subject_id": 12252736, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12252736/s57285656/642f2031-a1eb3e69-7550390e-5e7e04a1-33f629e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e24a1086-2eb2aab6-3aefc67a-1748e186-81d3016d", "study_id": 52419810, "subject_id": 17846084, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17846084/s52419810/e24a1086-2eb2aab6-3aefc67a-1748e186-81d3016d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "21596d1e-9a8bf3e0-27f3ed29-45c8e9c0-afc52952", "study_id": 57603462, "subject_id": 10409970, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10409970/s57603462/21596d1e-9a8bf3e0-27f3ed29-45c8e9c0-afc52952.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df348962-f5b3b691-10689e59-29af07e6-2d8b9874", "study_id": 51053374, "subject_id": 16293344, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute heart failure. Findings: Compared to the most recent prior, there has\n been no change. Bibasilar atelectasis persists. A focus of platelike\n atelectasis or scarring is again seen at the right lung base. The heart is\n moderately enlarged, unchanged. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. \n \n A marked senile kyphosis is noted. Old rib fractures with associated pleural\n thickening and sternotomy wires are constant. Clips are again seen within the\n right axilla.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16293344/s51053374/df348962-f5b3b691-10689e59-29af07e6-2d8b9874.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f10c36ef-875e2498-e954f88c-4b47eec3-57943846", "study_id": 58198019, "subject_id": 13335114, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Please see separately dictated rib\n series for complete evaluation of the ribs. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear except for linear atelectasis\n or scar within the left lung base, unchanged. . No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities, and the note\n is made of separately dictated dedicated right rib series from the same date.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13335114/s58198019/f10c36ef-875e2498-e954f88c-4b47eec3-57943846.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6609d228-5d432a03-f7a2c6e9-f9fc7ae9-e851cc37", "study_id": 50268132, "subject_id": 18903832, "report": "impression: ET tube retracted and now in satisfactory position above the carina. Possible\n minimal improvement in left base opacity . Findings: Compared to the prior film, the ET tube is been retracted and now lies\n approximately 2.9 cm above the carina. Again seen is an NG tube, with tip\n extending beneath diaphragm, off the film. Also again seen is a right IJ\n central line, with tip over distal SVC near SVC/RA junction. No pneumothorax\n is detected.\n \n There is patchy opacity at the left lung base, consistent with atelectasis\n and/or consolidation. This may be very slightly improved compared 1 day\n earlier. Minimal atelectasis at the right base medially is also seen. There is\n probable minimal upper zone redistribution, without overt CHF.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18903832/s50268132/6609d228-5d432a03-f7a2c6e9-f9fc7ae9-e851cc37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6f177b1-3a29fccd-85ccec96-6680673f-a0bc4ad4", "study_id": 53772605, "subject_id": 17008896, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Possible nondisplaced\n fractures of the lateral left ___ and 7th ribs, dedicated rib series can be\n obtained if desired. No pneumothorax based on this supine film. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is possible cortical irregularity of the lateral left ___\n and 7th ribs.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17008896/s53772605/e6f177b1-3a29fccd-85ccec96-6680673f-a0bc4ad4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7f912f4-542cf347-a101f3b6-72a53649-e7d12cca", "study_id": 55706156, "subject_id": 11732026, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n new lead. The course of the leads is unremarkable. One lead projects over\n the coronary sinus, one over the right atrium and one over the right\n ventricle. Status post CABG with unchanged alignment of the sternal wires. \n No pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax, no pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11732026/s55706156/c7f912f4-542cf347-a101f3b6-72a53649-e7d12cca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8ff02ad8-ba3ebac0-da916e55-c88c56f7-66e78b2d", "study_id": 52554323, "subject_id": 18454049, "report": "impression: Perhaps slight interval worsening of bibasilar ill-defined opacities\n concerning for aspiration or pneumonia. Trace bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Persistent ill-defined\n opacities within both lung bases are perhaps minimally worse in the interval\n with probable trace bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is detected.\n There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild degenerative changes are noted\n in the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18454049/s52554323/8ff02ad8-ba3ebac0-da916e55-c88c56f7-66e78b2d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4cd7b303-af052ad1-ab3f0035-151238df-5565ee67", "study_id": 51825551, "subject_id": 12058674, "report": "impression: Right upper lobe mass with pleural tag, concerning for primary lung\n malignancy. Additional nodular opacity in left mid lung is indeterminate.\n \n A CT chest is recommended for further evaluation. The above findings were\n discussed with Dr.___ ___ telephone at 9:30 A.M on ___.\n \n Bibasilar opacities may reflect aspiration, atelectasis or infectious\n pneumonia. These may be further evaluated at the time of CT. Findings: Mass-like opacity in the right upper lobe\n with a pleural tag is concerning for primary lung malignancy. Additional\n nodular opacity is identified in left mid lung region, and there are\n nonspecific patchy and linear opacities in both lower lungs. Atherosclerotic\n calcification is seen within the aortic arch. The cardiac size is within\n normal limits. A small left pleural effusion is present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12058674/s51825551/4cd7b303-af052ad1-ab3f0035-151238df-5565ee67.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18636a9d-9f99eaf6-65b029ae-ca432272-7284bcdb", "study_id": 51484008, "subject_id": 14741847, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. The lungs are\n clear and well inflated. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax is\n seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. No bony abnormalities\n are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14741847/s51484008/18636a9d-9f99eaf6-65b029ae-ca432272-7284bcdb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c24b2ec-50941337-5e94a8f3-a1734b3f-ded9a163", "study_id": 50562246, "subject_id": 18428011, "report": "impression: Interval removal of the left chest tube. The right internal jugular central\n line remains in place and is unchanged in position. There is a tiny left\n apical pneumothorax. Lung volumes are low with crowding of the pulmonary\n vasculature and bibasilar opacities favoring atelectasis. There are likely\n small layering effusions, left greater than right. Status post median\n sternotomy for CABG with stable postoperative cardiac and mediastinal\n contours. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph ___ at 17:14 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18428011/s50562246/6c24b2ec-50941337-5e94a8f3-a1734b3f-ded9a163.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1b8acf3-b3d06671-e86391bd-27ffa848-21ec476f", "study_id": 58464391, "subject_id": 17756381, "report": "impression: Bilateral perihilar and bibasilar opacities, which may represent venous\n congestion. In the appropriate clinical setting, this could be consistent\n with pneumonia or aspiration as well. Findings: Cardiomediastinal hilar contours are normal with top normal heart size. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are low, and there is\n perihilar and basilar prominence of uncertain etiology. There is no focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17756381/s58464391/f1b8acf3-b3d06671-e86391bd-27ffa848-21ec476f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83026da5-5b1facbb-b8962bac-ad56dc66-619befad", "study_id": 50204947, "subject_id": 11550134, "report": "impression: 1. Improved left pleural effusion. Findings: There is interval improvement in the left-sided pleural effusion. \n There is also now visualization of part of the left heart border which may be\n due to either partial left upper lobe reexpansion or compensatory\n hyperexpansion of the left lower lobe. Remainder of the chest radiograph is\n stable compared to prior exam. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11550134/s50204947/83026da5-5b1facbb-b8962bac-ad56dc66-619befad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a586a4ad-997f80a9-38bbdd65-cb92a6cc-51c8520e", "study_id": 57429537, "subject_id": 17663731, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis, similar to the prior chest\n radiograph. Findings: There is bibasilar atelectasis. Lung volumes are normal. There is\n mild cardiomegaly, similar to the prior study. There is no large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild prominence of the central pulmonary\n vasculature, but no frank pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17663731/s57429537/a586a4ad-997f80a9-38bbdd65-cb92a6cc-51c8520e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf25381e-691d45de-4bf47907-1efa91e9-1f1872b4", "study_id": 54526533, "subject_id": 16007921, "report": "Multiple bilateral nodules are visualized throughout the lungs,\n consistent with patient's known metastatic disease. Right apical mass is\n again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains mildly enlarged but stable. \n There are mild bibasilar atelectatic changes as well as small right pleural\n effusion. Spinal fixation hardware and median sternotomy wires appear intact.\n The right hemidiaphragm is chronically elevated, possibly due to phrenic nerve\n palsy.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16007921/s54526533/cf25381e-691d45de-4bf47907-1efa91e9-1f1872b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95f15e79-8063081c-863dafb5-4ddac8b6-81f408fd", "study_id": 57850772, "subject_id": 16578228, "report": "impression: ET tube ends 5 cm above the carina. Findings: Single frontal radiograph of the chest.\n \n ET tube ends 5 cm above the carina. Interval removal of right subclavian\n approach central catheter since prior study. Bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent a combination of moderate pleural effusions and atelectasis;\n however, underlying pneumonia is possible as is post-occlusive pulmonary\n edema. Stable aortic tortuosity and calcification of the aorta. No\n pneumothorax. Unchanged mediastinal and hilar contours. Top normal heart\n size. A zipper projects over the left upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16578228/s57850772/95f15e79-8063081c-863dafb5-4ddac8b6-81f408fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87615e99-18cd17f4-a5279717-477a6816-bdac09d0", "study_id": 53703676, "subject_id": 14317457, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: No focal consolidation, edema, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart is normal\n size. The mediastinum is not widened. The descending thoracic aorta is\n slightly tortuous, unchanged. Right shoulder prosthesis is only partially\n imaged. No acute osseous abnormality. Multilevel degenerative changes of\n thoracic spine are moderate, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14317457/s53703676/87615e99-18cd17f4-a5279717-477a6816-bdac09d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5562cd73-13517076-6cb21a40-b2058819-2e209f9e", "study_id": 54886754, "subject_id": 16451262, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process; specifically, no evidence of\n pneumonia.\n \n The results were discussed with ___ ___ at 2:15 PM on ___ via\n telephone by Dr. ___ ___ minutes after the findings were discovered. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. The previously\n seen subtle opacity at the left base is no longer present. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16451262/s54886754/5562cd73-13517076-6cb21a40-b2058819-2e209f9e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f0cd305-0ee08c17-55ae8506-b5a51db2-c706b92a", "study_id": 50566316, "subject_id": 13273952, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The patient is status post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Mild degenerative changes appear\n stable throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13273952/s50566316/6f0cd305-0ee08c17-55ae8506-b5a51db2-c706b92a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "259ee892-02c9255d-df86b705-2f07cb4a-ab3f722a", "study_id": 58269285, "subject_id": 11507738, "report": "impression: Interval placement of a left subclavian central venous catheter\n seen to the level of the mid to proximal left subclavian without evidence of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Single AP portable view of the chest was obtained. A left-sided\n subclavian central venous catheter is subtly seen, appears to terminate in the\n region of the mid to proximal left subclavian but not seen more proximal to\n this. There are relatively low lung volumes without focal consolidation. No\n evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The low lung volumes accentuate the cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11507738/s58269285/259ee892-02c9255d-df86b705-2f07cb4a-ab3f722a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2a80c63-8b9575dc-bc08895e-40392d6a-d7fc17d5", "study_id": 57912042, "subject_id": 19884194, "report": "impression: Trace atelectasis at the base of the left lung. No focal consolidation or\n pleural effusion. No large free intraperitoneal air. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is\n trace atelectasis at the base of the left lung. The lungs are otherwise clear\n without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No\n intraperitoneal free air is seen on this portable radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19884194/s57912042/a2a80c63-8b9575dc-bc08895e-40392d6a-d7fc17d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a1b17e5-d77639b8-441529a3-832c17d0-c62aef50", "study_id": 51822028, "subject_id": 12233384, "report": "impression: Interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left chest wall\n AICD device is seen with its lead extending into the expected location of the\n right ventricle unchanged. Interstitial congestion is compatible with mild\n pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No sign of\n pneumonia. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures appear\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12233384/s51822028/6a1b17e5-d77639b8-441529a3-832c17d0-c62aef50.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7f21929a-ec40bb9a-68479abc-7da6cb4d-0f5bcc2f", "study_id": 55176355, "subject_id": 19871388, "report": "impression: Marked enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, possibly slightly increased as\n compared to the prior study given differences in technique. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, possibly slightly increased as\n compared to the prior study. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. No pleural\n effusion or focal consolidation, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n Mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19871388/s55176355/7f21929a-ec40bb9a-68479abc-7da6cb4d-0f5bcc2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "36e87418-a0550b35-70c5466b-c1154265-e6e8078e", "study_id": 56416015, "subject_id": 13771152, "report": "Rib fractures are better appreciated on an outside hospital CT\n examination.\n \n There is a minimal left pleural effusion with subsequent areas of atelectasis.\n No evidence of pneumonia. No left pneumothorax. Mild tortuosity of the\n thoracic aorta. No pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13771152/s56416015/36e87418-a0550b35-70c5466b-c1154265-e6e8078e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "666ccdbc-cc498a4d-0a1fb77a-41e9cd6b-db567332", "study_id": 55096733, "subject_id": 16777967, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. No overt signs of edema or pneumonia. Findings: There is a tortuous thoracic aorta, with a calcified aortic arch, similar to\n prior exam. Otherwise the cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable and within\n normal limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. The lungs are clear. \n There is no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Multilevel thoracic spine degenerative\n change is again seen, with unchanged mild wedging of several mid thoracic\n vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16777967/s55096733/666ccdbc-cc498a4d-0a1fb77a-41e9cd6b-db567332.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d9969af-2e75c6e6-71c03efd-fecb192b-89ccb266", "study_id": 54262702, "subject_id": 16810793, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistently hyperinflated lungs compatible\n with emphysema. Findings: Compared with the prior radiograph, lungs are persistently hyperinflated\n without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouettes are normal. Diffuse demineralization.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16810793/s54262702/1d9969af-2e75c6e6-71c03efd-fecb192b-89ccb266.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8966cb26-88b73096-2a60fcb9-0bb7d194-fcbb7278", "study_id": 57775377, "subject_id": 12877392, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The right pulmonary artery is enlarged. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is otherwise unremarkable. A pacer is noted overlying the left\n anterior chest with intact leads in appropriate position.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12877392/s57775377/8966cb26-88b73096-2a60fcb9-0bb7d194-fcbb7278.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e69192f-c7283bf3-389d9dbf-03a2259b-cb935b01", "study_id": 56380752, "subject_id": 14603776, "report": "impression: Patient had recent aortic transection repair. One of the left chest tube has\n been removed and there is no significant pneumothorax. Findings: Aortic transection repair has been done recently. Lower chest tube has been\n removed. The remaining left apical chest tube is in unchanged position. \n There is no pneumothorax. Minimal left pleural thickening is stable. Right\n lung is unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are unchanged. The\n stomach is less distended and lumbar spine fracture has been repaired.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14603776/s56380752/0e69192f-c7283bf3-389d9dbf-03a2259b-cb935b01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92c989ce-ef2da06c-241210c3-5eb67dd9-947eb344", "study_id": 55983379, "subject_id": 12002285, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy wires noted. \n The lungs are clear though volumes are low. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Aortic\n calcifications again noted. Imaged osseous structures are intact. Bilateral\n shoulder arthroplasty is noted. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12002285/s55983379/92c989ce-ef2da06c-241210c3-5eb67dd9-947eb344.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1244a2cb-0db60f54-343ddcb9-4a0f6a16-009d06f5", "study_id": 52774836, "subject_id": 12850008, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with atelectasis. No convincing focal opacity convincing for\n pneumonia.\n \n Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates low lung volumes with resultant\n bibasilar atelectasis. No focal opacity convincing for pneumonia is\n identified. Heart is mildly enlarged. A small right pleural effusion is\n present. Visualized osseous structures demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12850008/s52774836/1244a2cb-0db60f54-343ddcb9-4a0f6a16-009d06f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "251a4ef7-e838debb-2c0d2737-454bff4b-c4f3c016", "study_id": 56016108, "subject_id": 14987986, "report": "impression: Mild improvement of right lower lobe aeration. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates a left pectoral\n cardiac pacer/AICD with leads terminating in the right atrium and right\n ventricle. An enteric tube extends inferiorly below the diaphragm and out of\n view. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is prominent, likely accentuated by\n semi-upright position and AP technique. Since one day ago, there is some\n improvement of right lower lobe aeration, although there is persistent\n multifocal pneumonia in bilateral lungs. Cavitary pneumonia in the right\n upper lobe is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax or large effusion on the\n left.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14987986/s56016108/251a4ef7-e838debb-2c0d2737-454bff4b-c4f3c016.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8fb5d6e-0e52b06b-e3267910-0ea8945b-19316968", "study_id": 55868186, "subject_id": 13849860, "report": "impression: Small pleural effusions. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There are small suspect bilateral pleural effusions, both\n subpulmonic. Associated patchy atelectasis is noted posteriorly on the\n lateral view but otherwise, the lungs appear clear. The bones appear\n demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13849860/s55868186/b8fb5d6e-0e52b06b-e3267910-0ea8945b-19316968.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "979ed6b7-f41337fa-35e6633f-7add0aaa-5170882d", "study_id": 54287474, "subject_id": 13371361, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low, and the lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Patient status post median sternotomy and CABG. The\n heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13371361/s54287474/979ed6b7-f41337fa-35e6633f-7add0aaa-5170882d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20d666b5-ec933914-dc0375f6-4842fb61-5fb45053", "study_id": 55738903, "subject_id": 12972188, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with results in atelectasis. Enlarged heart without evidence\n of pulmonary edema. No opacity convincing for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate low lung volumes. Resultant\n atelectasis at the bases bilaterally is noted. No focal opacity convincing\n for pneumonia is present. Heart size is enlarged though likely infarct\n sequela of low lung volumes. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema. There\n is no large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12972188/s55738903/20d666b5-ec933914-dc0375f6-4842fb61-5fb45053.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9997e325-dbef62c1-1b5eb2c9-27dea678-b771ea92", "study_id": 50831392, "subject_id": 11483216, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Persistently hyperinflated lungs\n with emphysema. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Right PICC has been removed. Lungs remain hyperinflated with\n emphysematous changes again noted. Small left pleural effusion is similar\n compared to the prior study. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax.\n Minimal left basilar atelectasis is present. There are mild degenerative\n changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11483216/s50831392/9997e325-dbef62c1-1b5eb2c9-27dea678-b771ea92.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5b1985c-407fa404-1bc906ba-5d3a5340-42feddca", "study_id": 55465295, "subject_id": 13442722, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size remains mild to moderately enlarged. The aorta is unfolded\n with mild atherosclerotic calcifications visualized. Pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. The hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13442722/s55465295/c5b1985c-407fa404-1bc906ba-5d3a5340-42feddca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e51a6037-e3fc2f65-fdc220b5-33412d43-37e343d5", "study_id": 55235448, "subject_id": 19569832, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n somewhat better inspiration. Nasogastric tube tip remains in the distal\n stomach. Lungs are essentially clear with the prior granulomatous and rib\n fracture is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19569832/s55235448/e51a6037-e3fc2f65-fdc220b5-33412d43-37e343d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7d97d508-4f185cfc-2006ffa8-e2c08a40-180c9428", "study_id": 54707196, "subject_id": 18982551, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. Status post sternotomy,\n left pectoral pacemaker in situ. No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. No lung\n nodules or masses. Normal hilar and mediastinal structures.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18982551/s54707196/7d97d508-4f185cfc-2006ffa8-e2c08a40-180c9428.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5756f52-aa3f3b1d-30ec6203-5b9ad7f5-52f48a20", "study_id": 55052976, "subject_id": 18690165, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate sized right pleural effusion, similar to prior CT. \n 2. Cardiomegaly with globular shape partially due to pericardial effusion as\n was noted on the CT from two days prior. Findings: Once again, there is a globular shaped heart that is enlarged,\n slightly more so than in ___, but stable from 3 days prior. There has been a\n redistrubtion of the right pleural effusion on this upright radiograph.\n Additional opacities in the right lower lobe are likely adjacent atelectasis. \n Calcified plaque is noted in multiple areas including the left lower lobe as\n well as the pleural surfaces overlying the right middle lobes.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18690165/s55052976/a5756f52-aa3f3b1d-30ec6203-5b9ad7f5-52f48a20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "152c1f1a-09be90b9-fe8ac876-b8a7034b-cd72de56", "study_id": 54867971, "subject_id": 16266233, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Median sternotomy wires are intact and well aligned. The patient has\n undergone prior aortic valve replacement. There has been interval removal of\n a right central venous catheter. The cardiac silhouette is borderline\n enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. A right pleural\n effusion remains. No pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16266233/s54867971/152c1f1a-09be90b9-fe8ac876-b8a7034b-cd72de56.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1960b90-7ae07d18-2ab548d6-05c4fcfc-0a200799", "study_id": 54982092, "subject_id": 16118710, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16118710/s54982092/a1960b90-7ae07d18-2ab548d6-05c4fcfc-0a200799.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa928e0f-c836f22d-c9391a94-32033999-b6f40911", "study_id": 52244088, "subject_id": 12936926, "report": "impression: 1. Linear lucency posterior to the sternum on the lateral projection of\n uncertain etiology. Pneumothorax cannot be excluded. Followup radiographs\n are recommended.\n 2. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: There is hyperinflation of the lungs,\n which is unchanged from prior. Linear opacities in the left lung base\n correspond with atelectasis. No confluent consolidation is identified. There\n is no vascular congestion or pulmonary edema. No large effusions are evident.\n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. On the lateral\n projection, there is a linear lucency posterior to the sternum which is of\n uncertain etiology, though pneumothorax cannot be entirely excluded. Followup\n inspiratory and expiratory radiographs are recommended for further\n characterization.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12936926/s52244088/aa928e0f-c836f22d-c9391a94-32033999-b6f40911.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a66bcb4-603a61ec-9566454c-aecbf13c-80909961", "study_id": 54575531, "subject_id": 18521913, "report": "impression: Linear atelectasis at the right lung base. No focal consolidation concerning\n for an infectious process Findings: Lung volumes are decreased. The heart is top normal in size. There is\n tortuosity of the descending aorta. Linear opacity in the right lung base\n likely reflects atelectasis. There is otherwise no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18521913/s54575531/4a66bcb4-603a61ec-9566454c-aecbf13c-80909961.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18df1136-da062caf-2fdd78f4-ed7af5ff-7d2be1d9", "study_id": 51546103, "subject_id": 11343642, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11343642/s51546103/18df1136-da062caf-2fdd78f4-ed7af5ff-7d2be1d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b3c3cc8-56b5f4f7-d32bdcbb-5071048f-4304c46a", "study_id": 52426237, "subject_id": 19078613, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19078613/s52426237/9b3c3cc8-56b5f4f7-d32bdcbb-5071048f-4304c46a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62e59396-7db8e0bc-462bf281-5462f73f-0fd0cfa6", "study_id": 53912806, "subject_id": 18563244, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. The lungs are well expanded and\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in\n size with calcified and tortuous aortic contour. Postsurgical changes are\n noted. High riding right humeral head may reflect rotator cuff pathology.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18563244/s53912806/62e59396-7db8e0bc-462bf281-5462f73f-0fd0cfa6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83429491-3a2644e0-a119b128-04bb8223-47ce8ac4", "study_id": 52205801, "subject_id": 15874429, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15874429/s52205801/83429491-3a2644e0-a119b128-04bb8223-47ce8ac4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df2e2736-014a14da-320bc102-6daf850e-6d46ba94", "study_id": 54731950, "subject_id": 15335054, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe opacities reflect atelectasis or infection. Findings: A previously identified right middle lobe opacity has resolved. There is\n increased retrocardiac left lower lobe opacity. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires\n and mediastinal clips are again seen, likely reflecting prior CABG. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15335054/s54731950/df2e2736-014a14da-320bc102-6daf850e-6d46ba94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44fcf14a-7a2f29ad-20ecd286-fb7733ea-a12d47f7", "study_id": 52272417, "subject_id": 11114794, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11114794/s52272417/44fcf14a-7a2f29ad-20ecd286-fb7733ea-a12d47f7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3275191e-23a968ca-b00bda8d-eaf13fe6-a06c0e80", "study_id": 54347449, "subject_id": 16826135, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear and\n the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826135/s54347449/3275191e-23a968ca-b00bda8d-eaf13fe6-a06c0e80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a0ff433-c99b6e74-ed5b821e-5807b701-f8991551", "study_id": 55043821, "subject_id": 19820563, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No radiopaque\n foreign body detected, but cartilaginous fish bones are generally not\n radioopaque. There are no indirect signs of a retained bone, but if clinical\n findings warrant, contrast swallow would be required. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The airways appear patent without evidence of radiopaque\n foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19820563/s55043821/7a0ff433-c99b6e74-ed5b821e-5807b701-f8991551.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e98c398-3c3e2ad5-92436a12-83532f0d-8793c382", "study_id": 50734991, "subject_id": 11459120, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Given rotation to the left, the lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is unchanged. There is no large effusion or vascular congestion. Left chest\n wall dual lead pacing device is again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities. \n Left shoulder arthroplasty is partially visualized on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11459120/s50734991/0e98c398-3c3e2ad5-92436a12-83532f0d-8793c382.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "210e2790-f611a9b5-2eca31e6-466ef957-76138d08", "study_id": 52586763, "subject_id": 16009988, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. ET tube and NG tube are appropriately\n positioned. Findings: Single supine chest radiograph is provided. Lung volumes are low. \n An ET tube terminates approximately 3.9 cm from the carina. NG tube courses\n below the diaphragm. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Osseous\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16009988/s52586763/210e2790-f611a9b5-2eca31e6-466ef957-76138d08.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26335936-ba3d62e7-6dac2cab-dea66e75-10c1bb83", "study_id": 58351636, "subject_id": 18935678, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion and moderate interstitial edema. \n Right perihilar lower lobe consolidation with lateral correlate compatible\n with pneumonia. Recommmend repeat after treatment to document resolution. Findings: Heart size is moderately enlarged with mild tortuosity of the\n thoracic aorta. There is central pulmonary vascular congestion with mild\n interstitial pulmonary edema. There is a right lower lobe perihilar\n consolidation overlying the spine on lateral view suspicious for pneumonia. \n Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18935678/s58351636/26335936-ba3d62e7-6dac2cab-dea66e75-10c1bb83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ecc14a94-e88c964e-1fa6b308-3d2222d6-04a1d4c0", "study_id": 53216096, "subject_id": 18747007, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18747007/s53216096/ecc14a94-e88c964e-1fa6b308-3d2222d6-04a1d4c0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc02d68e-9cbe61b9-2fe669bc-bf84096a-fdcd1267", "study_id": 50603744, "subject_id": 10745469, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. There\n is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10745469/s50603744/fc02d68e-9cbe61b9-2fe669bc-bf84096a-fdcd1267.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06d4c5d6-9a0f28df-552b54a7-ef6dce6d-b5063dff", "study_id": 54073429, "subject_id": 11125269, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are\n clear. No focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11125269/s54073429/06d4c5d6-9a0f28df-552b54a7-ef6dce6d-b5063dff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "857da1ba-c406970f-c9f7c244-ee069a67-a4676bab", "study_id": 50168014, "subject_id": 17141595, "report": "impression: Probable small left pneumothorax which can be further confirmed\n with expiratory chest x-ray.\n \n Findings discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 8pm over the phone one\n minute after time of discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n consolidation. There is, however, suggestion of a left-sided pneumothorax\n with pleural reflection seen somewhat paralleling the left posterior fourth\n rib. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17141595/s50168014/857da1ba-c406970f-c9f7c244-ee069a67-a4676bab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69ad2666-9c89831e-1797cec0-28ca699b-4bd974eb", "study_id": 58340663, "subject_id": 15566270, "report": "impression: No significant cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Heart size is\n normal. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15566270/s58340663/69ad2666-9c89831e-1797cec0-28ca699b-4bd974eb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa1b5717-47b9627d-4f089e12-756a3b3d-5f5044ed", "study_id": 53580118, "subject_id": 11517422, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. A\n right-sided Port-A-Cath catheter ends in the lower mid SVC. A left-sided PICC\n line ends in the upper SVC.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11517422/s53580118/aa1b5717-47b9627d-4f089e12-756a3b3d-5f5044ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b4ec3cb8-268a5d16-d02e3a1c-81927c9d-8dfc7798", "study_id": 52848283, "subject_id": 11771793, "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip in the mid SVC. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates in the mid SVC. \n No pneumothorax. Endotracheal and enteric tubes are in standard positions. \n Lung volumes are low. Cardiac silhouette size remains mild to moderately\n enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. No focal\n consolidation or pleural effusion is identified. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11771793/s52848283/b4ec3cb8-268a5d16-d02e3a1c-81927c9d-8dfc7798.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cc2b062-724f6dec-e593681e-89b5cd9f-dba0114f", "study_id": 50587956, "subject_id": 19817448, "report": "impression: 1. Slight increase in size of right pleural effusion and stable small left\n pleural effusion.\n 2. Unchanged osseous metastasis involving the left second and third rib. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. In comparison to\n the prior exam, the lung volumes are slightly lower. The small right-sided\n pleural effusion has slightly increased in size. There is associated right\n basilar atelectasis. A small left-sided pleural effusion appears stable. \n There are no new consolidations, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Right upper\n lobe ill-defined focal opacity is unchanged, likely reflective of a\n metastasis. Other previously noted pulmonary nodules are better assessed on\n the prior CT. The cardiac size is at the upper limits of normal. The\n mediastinal contours are normal. A large mass which results in expansile\n destruction of the left second and third ribs is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19817448/s50587956/0cc2b062-724f6dec-e593681e-89b5cd9f-dba0114f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a178b2f2-790b3d16-be7d1d1c-2404a365-99ddc4dd", "study_id": 55636475, "subject_id": 17444329, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17444329/s55636475/a178b2f2-790b3d16-be7d1d1c-2404a365-99ddc4dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9249539-b0f76ccd-c5f609ea-d36c9aba-92db7330", "study_id": 50308462, "subject_id": 18955164, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18955164/s50308462/e9249539-b0f76ccd-c5f609ea-d36c9aba-92db7330.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8564a195-a03af822-f7753c57-9dac0c1e-8fac875d", "study_id": 52809358, "subject_id": 10808276, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10808276/s52809358/8564a195-a03af822-f7753c57-9dac0c1e-8fac875d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f0dc94e-20daa7c8-a8c86d6b-52e999a8-40cee2ad", "study_id": 53546960, "subject_id": 18703638, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is status post left mastectomy. The cardiac, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18703638/s53546960/2f0dc94e-20daa7c8-a8c86d6b-52e999a8-40cee2ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f439eea0-139a8f6e-3844a95d-d644d01c-b22f6b2c", "study_id": 54095484, "subject_id": 13658672, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Lungs are clear. \n No signs of pneumonia or aspiration. No effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13658672/s54095484/f439eea0-139a8f6e-3844a95d-d644d01c-b22f6b2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e9a16d4-bc7aef1b-743edfbf-68cc848a-18b729df", "study_id": 55233179, "subject_id": 16233333, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible right thyroid enlargement which can be further evaluated by\n ultrasound. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The trachea is slightly\n deviated to the left suggesting an enlarged right lobe of the thyroid. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Note that the posterior spine is not\n included on the lateral image. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16233333/s55233179/5e9a16d4-bc7aef1b-743edfbf-68cc848a-18b729df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbc8f600-14297fc6-eebe48ba-aaa2b9ee-2415d696", "study_id": 52399565, "subject_id": 19205953, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19205953/s52399565/fbc8f600-14297fc6-eebe48ba-aaa2b9ee-2415d696.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07a01301-4a5deb11-a18194c8-15bb52fc-1c11bd10", "study_id": 56592036, "subject_id": 19706404, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate moderate\n cardiomegaly with a tortuous aorta with dense mural calcifications. Patient\n is status post aortic valve replacement with intact median sternotomy wires. \n The lungs are clear. There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. There is diffuse osteopenia and multilevel compression, age\n indeterminate. Moderate right acromioclavicular osteoarthritis is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19706404/s56592036/07a01301-4a5deb11-a18194c8-15bb52fc-1c11bd10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ad3d397-3a836ea5-2495dd4b-8a4d3448-5ac0269a", "study_id": 58676313, "subject_id": 12935838, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are low lung\n volumes with enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, pulmonary edema, bilateral\n pleural effusions, and compressive atelectasis at the bases. Little change in\n the position of the right IJ catheter.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12935838/s58676313/2ad3d397-3a836ea5-2495dd4b-8a4d3448-5ac0269a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44ff4283-de05df00-39d75dc4-df1c2f5d-157b7ab1", "study_id": 58712092, "subject_id": 11222720, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Underlying emphysema with mild left\n basilar scarring is present. No large effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing\n evidence for pneumonia or CHF. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contour reflect an unfolded thoracic aorta. Bony structures are diffusely\n demineralized. No acute fracture is identified. A screw is seen within the\n left humeral neck.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11222720/s58712092/44ff4283-de05df00-39d75dc4-df1c2f5d-157b7ab1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b77f5982-cf9b3ec9-b8a15588-20006c71-4f2cb79b", "study_id": 57901811, "subject_id": 18716233, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are\n hyperinflated but clear of consolidation or effusion. The cardiac silhouette\n is at upper limits of normal. Degenerative changes are noted at the\n acromioclavicular joints. The osseous and soft tissue structures are\n otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18716233/s57901811/b77f5982-cf9b3ec9-b8a15588-20006c71-4f2cb79b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ebc40899-d487e83a-974c9d47-975a0a7a-dc2326d6", "study_id": 56921944, "subject_id": 12015787, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Known scars at the right lung base. No evidence of acute or recent\n changes. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette without pulmonary edema. \n Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12015787/s56921944/ebc40899-d487e83a-974c9d47-975a0a7a-dc2326d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75ba5dc3-8dedde69-24085c53-e5604a12-52b7bf7b", "study_id": 54299027, "subject_id": 16660343, "report": "impression: Mild left basilar atelectasis with otherwise clear lungs. Findings: Single AP view of the chest demonstrates clear lungs. Mild left basilar\n atelectasis with no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac, hilar, and\n mediastinal contours are normal. Tracheal air column is uninterrupted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16660343/s54299027/75ba5dc3-8dedde69-24085c53-e5604a12-52b7bf7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33a86945-7e122860-d9985ade-6821407c-b6b37280", "study_id": 54844359, "subject_id": 11652675, "report": "impression: Streaky left basilar atelectasis; otherwise, no acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is slight elevation of\n the left hemidiaphragm, not significantly changed since prior chest x-ray. \n Left basilar opacity obscuring the left costophrenic angle and retrocardiac\n opacity are most likely due to atelectasis. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11652675/s54844359/33a86945-7e122860-d9985ade-6821407c-b6b37280.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f373340-2ec2356c-b9f57aba-e4b4301b-811d922c", "study_id": 55007134, "subject_id": 19774163, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19774163/s55007134/6f373340-2ec2356c-b9f57aba-e4b4301b-811d922c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "230b918b-5e93e887-6ecc86d5-14010d8d-b5d41ee6", "study_id": 58993761, "subject_id": 13351906, "report": "impression: There is no evidence of active or latent TB. Findings: The lungs are clear. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13351906/s58993761/230b918b-5e93e887-6ecc86d5-14010d8d-b5d41ee6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94b948f6-74f9efa9-74539dd4-db5b7afd-f7757ecb", "study_id": 57119482, "subject_id": 10772100, "report": "impression: ET tube terminates approximately 7 cm above the carina. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates approximately 7 cm above the carina. Cardiac\n size is normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10772100/s57119482/94b948f6-74f9efa9-74539dd4-db5b7afd-f7757ecb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d52037c1-2881807f-a7f7a46a-440f8244-724958ba", "study_id": 59203115, "subject_id": 14831897, "report": "impression: 1. Mild pulmonary edema.\n 2. Linear opacity in the right lower lung is likely atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a mildly enlarged cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged compared to ___. Diffusely increased opacity\n bilaterally is consistent with mild pulmonary edema. Additionally, slightly\n increased opacity in the right lower lung is likely atelectasis. The\n visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable, except for clips in the right upper\n quadrant suggestive of prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14831897/s59203115/d52037c1-2881807f-a7f7a46a-440f8244-724958ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efb13a32-2dd59c26-d9cd3986-61500cec-b9c36d11", "study_id": 53236264, "subject_id": 18514511, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is moderate\n cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. Left basilar opacity\n correlates to mediastinal fat pad seen on CT abdomen pelvis ___. \n Hilar structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18514511/s53236264/efb13a32-2dd59c26-d9cd3986-61500cec-b9c36d11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81edfca5-64a7b59a-3cc6fa47-4f2ddf6e-51fdcb62", "study_id": 52959722, "subject_id": 13081528, "report": "impression: 1. Opacity suggesting right lower lobe pneumonia in the appropriate setting;\n atelectasis could also be considered. \n \n 2. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly.\n \n The above findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 2:06 a.m.\n via telephone on ___. Findings: There is a focal opacity in the right lower lobe. The lungs are\n otherwise clear. Moderate cardiomegaly is not significantly changed. The\n descending thoracic aorta is slightly ectatic, as before. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes of the\n thoracolumbar spine are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13081528/s52959722/81edfca5-64a7b59a-3cc6fa47-4f2ddf6e-51fdcb62.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa7938bb-c5db683a-2b8effc7-7083c65e-de0771d3", "study_id": 55924810, "subject_id": 17051420, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly\n is similar to prior. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17051420/s55924810/fa7938bb-c5db683a-2b8effc7-7083c65e-de0771d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "514b393c-aa8910c0-29bfb2da-09b04035-05f4e451", "study_id": 58200277, "subject_id": 17219726, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are\n well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17219726/s58200277/514b393c-aa8910c0-29bfb2da-09b04035-05f4e451.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5ac92b1-c8bb22bd-8c5f4328-48220ed3-720d9819", "study_id": 50097756, "subject_id": 15486233, "report": "impression: Linear pockets of air along the tracks of previous chest tubes could be in the\n subcutaneous tissue or pleural space. Follow up chest radiograph is\n recommended. Findings: There has been interval removal of the chest tubes on the right. Linear\n pockets of air are visible along the tracks of previous chest tubes which\n could be in the subcutaneous tissue or pleural space. Subcutaneous air at the\n right lateral chest wall is similar to prior. The right-sided pleural\n effusion is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15486233/s50097756/e5ac92b1-c8bb22bd-8c5f4328-48220ed3-720d9819.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7214c9ae-da6631c1-de9775df-53d68a51-534249cc", "study_id": 53751777, "subject_id": 17498764, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no evidence of\n pneumonia or other acute cardiopulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17498764/s53751777/7214c9ae-da6631c1-de9775df-53d68a51-534249cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4630f9d8-d1571f20-2a33da22-df09f6f3-0f4c9d2c", "study_id": 56347727, "subject_id": 17922452, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17922452/s56347727/4630f9d8-d1571f20-2a33da22-df09f6f3-0f4c9d2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d86d10b-433bf68c-be467e24-61247994-fe509500", "study_id": 52201240, "subject_id": 16560125, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Left PICC is seen with tip at the\n cavoatrial junction. Esophageal stent remains in stable position. Right\n basilar chest tube is identified. There is no visualized pneumothorax. The\n lungs are clear of focal consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16560125/s52201240/0d86d10b-433bf68c-be467e24-61247994-fe509500.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8ffb5b0-1a8a7561-0d24163c-1aec8388-44c2901e", "study_id": 54212264, "subject_id": 11032432, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Mildly\n elevated right hemidiaphragm is unchanged from prior exams.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11032432/s54212264/b8ffb5b0-1a8a7561-0d24163c-1aec8388-44c2901e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1e2ee91-a8e5b43f-c312bec0-75c7e445-556ebe9c", "study_id": 55281887, "subject_id": 16480579, "report": "impression: Decrease in size of small apicolateral left pneumothorax with multiple small\n hydropneumothorax components. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval improvement of a left pneumothorax. \n Small apical and lateral components remain with multiple small fluid\n components. Subcutaneous air in the left lateral soft tissues also decreased.\n Right lung is grossly clear with the exception of minimal linear atelectasis.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16480579/s55281887/f1e2ee91-a8e5b43f-c312bec0-75c7e445-556ebe9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5cf7daeb-48460509-3f429316-93f08ab4-6a3c85ea", "study_id": 58270433, "subject_id": 11296394, "report": "impression: Mild regression of previously existing cardiomegaly in patient\n with history of sickle cell anemia. No new pulmonary vascular or parenchymal\n abnormalities, pleural spaces remain free and no evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study ___. Heart size is still mildly enlarged but less so\n than on the previous examination. No typical configurational abnormality is\n seen, nor are there any intracardiac calcifications identified. The thoracic\n aorta is unremarkable in size and no local contour abnormalities are present. \n The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic\n parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural\n sinuses are free from any fluid accumulation. No pneumothorax in the apical\n area on the frontal view. Skeletal structures of the thorax remain unchanged\n and are grossly unremarkable.\n \n As before, evidence of surgical clips in right upper abdomen consistent with\n previous cholecystectomy. Lateral ornamental metallic artifacts in both\n breast areas, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11296394/s58270433/5cf7daeb-48460509-3f429316-93f08ab4-6a3c85ea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a6e3657-eefe45d2-faf06fbd-7f10b063-5d5cc40e", "study_id": 53652949, "subject_id": 16391076, "report": "impression: Left costophrenic angle not fully included on the image. \n Otherwise, no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The left\n costophrenic angle is not fully included on the image. Given this, no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16391076/s53652949/7a6e3657-eefe45d2-faf06fbd-7f10b063-5d5cc40e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05696bb0-8980c6cf-0659acdf-8f291f45-7047d09a", "study_id": 54059046, "subject_id": 11853603, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11853603/s54059046/05696bb0-8980c6cf-0659acdf-8f291f45-7047d09a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "56313ec2-0afed667-8c4b2eda-6ab36cfe-e967bf3c", "study_id": 58930850, "subject_id": 17477634, "report": "impression: No acute pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation. There is mild elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm, likely eventration, with adjacent lung base scarring. Lung\n hyperinflation is noted. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17477634/s58930850/56313ec2-0afed667-8c4b2eda-6ab36cfe-e967bf3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7519b573-123d9dbc-7d112633-0cf5329d-b6e2e2ce", "study_id": 57414428, "subject_id": 15505660, "report": "impression: No evidence of pleural effusions or focal consolidation. Findings: Compared to the prior study, there is persistent aortic tortuosity and mild\n cardiomegaly. Lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation,\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15505660/s57414428/7519b573-123d9dbc-7d112633-0cf5329d-b6e2e2ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "19efec06-cdea1b05-9f7894a4-23cd47e5-57c5ac68", "study_id": 54530341, "subject_id": 14912902, "report": "impression: 1. Diffuse rounded opacities throughout the bilateral lungs again seen, some\n increased in size compared to the most recent chest radiograph. It would be\n difficult to detect a focal consolidation given these underlying opacities.\n 2. Right pleural effusion, similar to slightly decreased in size. Findings: Frontal lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a right chest wall port\n terminating in the low SVC and an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette.\n Diffuse rounded opacities throughout the bilateral lungs are again seen, some\n increase in size compared to the most recent chest radiograph. It would be\n difficult to detect a focal consolidation given these underlying opacities. A\n right pleural effusion is similar to slightly decreased in size. There may be\n a trace left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is appreciated. The\n visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14912902/s54530341/19efec06-cdea1b05-9f7894a4-23cd47e5-57c5ac68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "635f0a62-93f56642-ec0f7fd9-5d7a898d-40ad333e", "study_id": 59632111, "subject_id": 12928622, "report": "impression: Mild left basilar atelectasis. Compression deformity within the upper\n thoracic spine is new compared to the prior study, but is age indeterminate. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable. The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. Minimal left\n basilar atelectasis is noted. No definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Compression deformity of an upper thoracic vertebral body appears new\n compared to the prior study, but remains age indeterminate.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12928622/s59632111/635f0a62-93f56642-ec0f7fd9-5d7a898d-40ad333e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80a169f2-222ccfec-59fe69ce-9882aaf8-b6ce602c", "study_id": 56499764, "subject_id": 16454913, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___. \n \n Endotracheal tube, feeding tube, right-sided chest tube are all stable\n positioned. There is again seen cardiomegaly, bilateral pleural effusions,\n left retrocardiac opacity and moderate pulmonary edema. These findings are\n stable since the previous study.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16454913/s56499764/80a169f2-222ccfec-59fe69ce-9882aaf8-b6ce602c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b05cda4-e0cc3d94-62f7cd44-5864d3d5-2cda5186", "study_id": 55491034, "subject_id": 11601553, "report": "impression: Interval improvement Findings: Left PICC line tip near cavoatrial junction. Increased heart size, pulmonary\n vascularity, stable. Interstitial pulmonary opacities have mildly improved. \n Bibasilar opacities is seen, with significantly decreased left basilar\n consolidation. Small pleural effusions, improved on the left. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11601553/s55491034/6b05cda4-e0cc3d94-62f7cd44-5864d3d5-2cda5186.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e36c0957-e0c686af-a6c4b761-68ea5331-88b9f96c", "study_id": 50044812, "subject_id": 12747817, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions. Bibasilar patchy opacities, possibly atelectasis, though infection\n is not completely excluded. Findings: Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker is\n noted with leads terminating in the right atrium and right ventricle. Heart\n size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There are\n perihilar hazy opacities with vascular indistinctness, compatible with mild\n pulmonary edema. Patchy opacities at the lung bases may reflect compressive\n atelectasis, though infection cannot be completely excluded. There are likely\n small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is present. Clips in the\n right upper quadrant denote prior cholecystectomy. A stent is imaged within\n the right/mid upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12747817/s50044812/e36c0957-e0c686af-a6c4b761-68ea5331-88b9f96c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0190a853-bd7996d6-0d8123e4-4d33d32a-abd8b03b", "study_id": 56747940, "subject_id": 16788424, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest are limited by\n patient's inability to follow directions. Compared to prior radiographs,\n there are decreased lung volumes. The lungs are otherwise clear with no\n evidence of focal consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16788424/s56747940/0190a853-bd7996d6-0d8123e4-4d33d32a-abd8b03b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1bb3882c-f8c7381d-e1f9ac5e-854bf1d7-808ccd21", "study_id": 59358550, "subject_id": 16007214, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild bibasilar atelectasis and mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided\n AICD/pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in the right atrium and\n right ventricle. The heart is mild to moderately enlarged but unchanged. The\n mediastinal contours are stable. Lung volumes are low which causes crowding\n of the bronchovascular structures. Additionally, there is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax\n is present. Minimal patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect\n atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16007214/s59358550/1bb3882c-f8c7381d-e1f9ac5e-854bf1d7-808ccd21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b13b3d4-da5bad40-0c287ff9-f73a1172-2881e28d", "study_id": 53777996, "subject_id": 17592232, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged right lower lobe opacity. The left lower lobe opacity may be\n slightly improved, however the patient is slightly rotated to the left on the\n current study, which may confound findings.\n \n 2. No evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: The endotracheal tube tip projects approximately 3.5 cm above the carina. \n Unchanged right IJ central line with tip projecting over the lower SVC, and NG\n tube in the stomach.\n \n Lungs remain hyperinflated. The right lower lobe opacity is unchanged. The\n left lower lobe opacity may be slightly improved, however this appearance may\n be a product of slight leftward rotation on this study. Heart size is top\n normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17592232/s53777996/8b13b3d4-da5bad40-0c287ff9-f73a1172-2881e28d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e1f5b09-60cd4f2d-b860a092-f50b706c-a9c5fb32", "study_id": 58734360, "subject_id": 12506268, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12506268/s58734360/7e1f5b09-60cd4f2d-b860a092-f50b706c-a9c5fb32.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "386d18c1-02681d8e-6538701f-10580b43-8217766f", "study_id": 53352159, "subject_id": 11658675, "report": "impression: There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings.\n Given this, there bibasilar atelectasis. Hilar and perihilar opacities may be\n due to a mild pulmonary edema, again exaggerated by the low lung volumes. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable. Findings: There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings.\n Given this, there bibasilar atelectasis. Hilar and perihilar opacities may be\n due to a mild pulmonary edema, again exaggerated by the low lung volumes. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11658675/s53352159/386d18c1-02681d8e-6538701f-10580b43-8217766f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ef8849d-534f211f-23206748-0c3b9a8a-8b1d5a13", "study_id": 55097421, "subject_id": 15998296, "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in right upper and left lower\n heterogeneous opacities, with stable additional areas of widespread\n parenchymal opacities. Findings are overall consistent with improved\n pulmonary edema superimposed on multifocal pneumonia. Findings: Frontal view of the chest was obtained. Tracheostomy is in similar\n position. Right IJ CVC is in the mid SVC. The heart and cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable. Widespread parenchymal opacities, right greater than\n left, are slightly improved in the right upper and left lower lungs. No\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15998296/s55097421/5ef8849d-534f211f-23206748-0c3b9a8a-8b1d5a13.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "210fee2b-b47978ae-5eaf929c-812d0ad0-e9b408b8", "study_id": 54296286, "subject_id": 17288913, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mild atherosclerotic calcifications are seen at the\n aortic knob. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with a small to\n moderate size hiatal hernia again noted. The pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes are seen in the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17288913/s54296286/210fee2b-b47978ae-5eaf929c-812d0ad0-e9b408b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0fb33a0-08756a94-9e6f68ae-a737c850-a9945216", "study_id": 51715470, "subject_id": 16366239, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and patient rotated to right. Left base opacity could be due\n to pneumonia, atelectasis, or aspiration. Findings: The patient is rotated somewhat to the right. Lung volumes are low. There is\n basilar atelectasis. Left base opacity could be due to atelectasis or\n pneumonia. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable given differences in technique and inspiration..", "image_path": [ "p16/p16366239/s51715470/e0fb33a0-08756a94-9e6f68ae-a737c850-a9945216.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb8c753e-6e7361f7-87168bb5-6f866cb9-d688307b", "study_id": 59813227, "subject_id": 12483723, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process or evidence of heart failure. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.\n There is no evidence of pulmonary congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12483723/s59813227/bb8c753e-6e7361f7-87168bb5-6f866cb9-d688307b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13011d51-325c5cf4-46e4dd13-ff1c9de6-6d60dade", "study_id": 51576240, "subject_id": 11833490, "report": "impression: Osteolytic abnormalities with possible soft tissue involvement involving the\n right first rib, distal left clavicle, and lateral left rib are concerning for\n metastatic process. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs demonstrates an enlarged heart. Patient is status\n post median sternotomy, wires appear intact. Clips are noted projecting over\n the left heart border and mediastinum. There is no overt pulmonary edema,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.\n \n Extensive osteolytic process of the right first rib, left distal clavicle and\n left lateral rib is identified. There is opacification of the right apex as\n well as surrounding subtle patchy ossific densities about the distal left\n clavicle suggestive of associated soft tissue mass.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11833490/s51576240/13011d51-325c5cf4-46e4dd13-ff1c9de6-6d60dade.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3e714ad-2a3968a0-142937af-60e031e5-04cbbb8e", "study_id": 57709906, "subject_id": 18191079, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Clear\n lungs.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18191079/s57709906/a3e714ad-2a3968a0-142937af-60e031e5-04cbbb8e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14928c64-96eaa252-26e5819d-5675baf1-2e5263aa", "study_id": 53474435, "subject_id": 19843018, "report": "Comparison is made with prior study from ___.\n \n There is a mitral valve replacement. Median sternotomy wires are seen. Heart\n size is upper limits of normal. Since the previous study, there has been\n development of a pleural effusion at the right base, some of which is\n partially loculated. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or focal\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19843018/s53474435/14928c64-96eaa252-26e5819d-5675baf1-2e5263aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2d4a8586-6deb8002-acb50666-79b3cb15-85e9102f", "study_id": 51501606, "subject_id": 17008145, "report": "impression: New trace bilateral pleural effusions with no consolidation. Findings: A right PICC line has been removed in the interval. There are new trace\n bilateral pleural effusions. There are no focal consolidations or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17008145/s51501606/2d4a8586-6deb8002-acb50666-79b3cb15-85e9102f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e013c700-2d542a75-5398482c-4fc34f89-2ff59e94", "study_id": 51741209, "subject_id": 10352831, "report": "impression: Findings of congestive failure including bilateral pleural effusions and\n edema. Please note that superimposed infection is not excluded and followup\n after diuresis is suggested. Findings: There are bilateral pleural effusions, small to moderate with fluid within the\n right fissure. There is engorgement of the hila and bilateral parenchymal\n opacities throughout the right lung and predominantly at the left mid to lower\n lung. Cardiac silhouette has enlarged since prior. Left chest wall single\n lead pacing device with lead tip at right ventricular apex. Median sternotomy\n wires are intact. Chronic left rib fractures are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10352831/s51741209/e013c700-2d542a75-5398482c-4fc34f89-2ff59e94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "466e5800-22c48baf-883a5947-24d05b57-7dbfc7f9", "study_id": 54547563, "subject_id": 17026487, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Ill-defined lucency projecting\n over right ___ and 7th ribs may be artifactual, correlate with history of\n malignancy. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. There\n is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no\n pulmonary edema. Ill-defined lucency projecting over the lateral right ___\n and 7th ribs.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17026487/s54547563/466e5800-22c48baf-883a5947-24d05b57-7dbfc7f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a2067a6-1661536d-b3400aa6-928a96bb-d4ac6af4", "study_id": 51562482, "subject_id": 15980615, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n Dobbhoff catheter. The course of the catheter is unremarkable, the tip of the\n catheter projects over the middle parts of the stomach. No evidence of\n complications, notably no pneumothorax. The endotracheal tube is unchanged. \n No other changes.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15980615/s51562482/1a2067a6-1661536d-b3400aa6-928a96bb-d4ac6af4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43b55678-ee373c92-9f37b271-1fedb019-9fd54c91", "study_id": 53508173, "subject_id": 13507519, "report": "impression: 1. Feeding tube in adequate position.\n \n 2. Bibasilar atelectasis, similar prior exam. Findings: There has been interval placement of a feeding tube, which appears to\n terminate in the stomach on the last obtained images. The right central line\n and left PICC are in adequate position, unchanged from prior exam.\n \n The lung volumes are somewhat low. Bibasilar atelectasis is noted. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13507519/s53508173/43b55678-ee373c92-9f37b271-1fedb019-9fd54c91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "580a1476-7f071d50-2c68cb76-edcbb8df-d27e347e", "study_id": 53461243, "subject_id": 14174368, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Chronic inferior subluxation of the right humeral head. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. \n Again seen, is an S shaped scoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine. There is no\n focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.\n \n Again noted is the chronic inferior subluxation of the right humeral head.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14174368/s53461243/580a1476-7f071d50-2c68cb76-edcbb8df-d27e347e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a1579ce-a105d60c-91ec414c-aa577b84-cab7ff03", "study_id": 54285723, "subject_id": 16622528, "report": "impression: 1. Low lying endotracheal tube terminating approximately 1.5 cm from the\n carina, for which withdrawal is recommended. \n \n 2. Standard position of orogastric tube.\n \n 3. Left basilar atelectasis. Findings: Endotracheal tube is low lying, terminating approximately 1.5 cm from the\n carina. Orogastric tube tip is seen within the distal stomach. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Minimal streaky opacity in the left lung base may reflect\n atelectasis. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16622528/s54285723/6a1579ce-a105d60c-91ec414c-aa577b84-cab7ff03.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b534e37c-5f5c1de6-ae9e2d4b-15cc75db-8680949f", "study_id": 54370352, "subject_id": 19411021, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart appears mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear\n within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n lungs appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19411021/s54370352/b534e37c-5f5c1de6-ae9e2d4b-15cc75db-8680949f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f3a1895-4f2f1e3b-5b53dd4e-57e56038-963c34f2", "study_id": 58908119, "subject_id": 13730187, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13730187/s58908119/4f3a1895-4f2f1e3b-5b53dd4e-57e56038-963c34f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "00926255-1bb589c9-f03950f3-ea1ebecb-f9a443ed", "study_id": 52553692, "subject_id": 14416441, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are clear\n bilaterally. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. An azygos\n fissure is noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony structures\n appear intact. No definite displaced fractures are evident.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14416441/s52553692/00926255-1bb589c9-f03950f3-ea1ebecb-f9a443ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "730f1a8e-3f3f03c1-072ff3a2-b387ee34-88e253ea", "study_id": 51812032, "subject_id": 12676785, "report": "impression: 1. Rounded density in the aorta pulmonary window and widening of the\n mediastinum concerning for lymphadenopathy. This can be further assessed with\n chest CT.\n 2. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema.\n 3. Mid thoracic compression deformity of uncertain chronicity. Findings: Mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette. There is rounded soft tissue density in\n the aorta pulmonary window and widening of the mediastinum concerning for\n lymphadenopathy. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary vascular\n congestion or pneumothorax. Compression deformity of the mid thoracic spine is\n noted of uncertain chronicity.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12676785/s51812032/730f1a8e-3f3f03c1-072ff3a2-b387ee34-88e253ea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cc2122f-14e8b1ce-64049122-f0361a6a-2e87ff09", "study_id": 58223093, "subject_id": 13016688, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. No focal consolidation to\n suggest pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13016688/s58223093/0cc2122f-14e8b1ce-64049122-f0361a6a-2e87ff09.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "194c4786-0279c971-2c6a9c80-3ef4854d-e629b5b7", "study_id": 55897121, "subject_id": 11527119, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. No radiographic evidence of increasing\n pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates during the last five-month\n examination interval. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. Status post sternotomy as before. Again\n identified are the tiny metallic circular structures in the aortic valve area\n indicative of Medtronics valve prosthesis placement. Position is unchanged. \n Heart size and configuration has not undergone any significant interval\n change. As before, a few mitral ring calcifications are identified\n demonstrating also a mild enlargement of the left ventricular contour\n posteriorly. The thoracic aorta is moderately widened and elongated but no\n local contour abnormalities are present. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n congested. There exist bilateral peripheral pleural scar formations with mild\n blunting of the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses probably representing\n post-operative changes. No evidence of any new acute parenchymal infiltrate\n and no evidence of increasing CHF. The apical area is clear on the frontal\n view excluding the possibility of any pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11527119/s55897121/194c4786-0279c971-2c6a9c80-3ef4854d-e629b5b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b375fb8a-7ea0a1ce-2b9fdcc5-0d95f942-48808f19", "study_id": 50889000, "subject_id": 15727720, "report": "impression: 1. Dobbhoff feeding tube ends in the stomach.\n \n 2. New area of irregular peribronchial opacification at the right base\n consistent with aspiration. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resulting bronchovascular crowding. There is a new area of irregular\n peribronchial opacification at the right base consistent with aspiration. The\n left lung is essentially clear. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. Dobbhoff tube is seen initially in the\n mid to distal esophagus, but it subsequently advanced into the stomach.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15727720/s50889000/b375fb8a-7ea0a1ce-2b9fdcc5-0d95f942-48808f19.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "011783d8-58be062d-a7e50c59-6e57d84e-01d8f28a", "study_id": 51382512, "subject_id": 11968004, "report": "impression: 1. New lingular hazy opacity consistent with an underlying infectious\n process.\n 2. Stable cardiomegaly.\n 3. Stable T12 compression fracture.\n \n Results were communicated with Dr. ___ at 4 p.m. on ___ via telephone\n by Dr. ___. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest show a new hazy opacity in the\n left lingula consistent with an underlying infectious process. This was not\n present on the prior exam. There are no other opacities. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. There is a pacemaker in place with\n cardiac wires within the right atrium and left ventricle. There is stable\n cardiomegaly. There is no evidence of interstitial edema. There is a stable\n compression fracture of T12.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11968004/s51382512/011783d8-58be062d-a7e50c59-6e57d84e-01d8f28a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c4720ed2-0fc80cff-0595f7e8-c70073c2-9849f5a1", "study_id": 58691784, "subject_id": 19826583, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Skinfold overlies the left mid-to-lower hemithorax. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable, with the aorta tortuous and\n the cardiac silhouette top normal. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. There\n is anterior wedge compression of a vertebral body at the thoracolumbar\n junction, similar compared to CT torso from ___.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19826583/s58691784/c4720ed2-0fc80cff-0595f7e8-c70073c2-9849f5a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c8db14e-de3be675-e4f639ad-831f8f5e-812b4d77", "study_id": 53152619, "subject_id": 10747985, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with intact\n midline sternal wires from previous cardiac surgery. Pulmonary vascularity is\n essentially within normal limits, raising the possibility of cardiomyopathy or\n pericardial effusion.\n \n There is increased opacification at the left base obscuring the hemidiaphragm\n and costophrenic angle. This is most consistent with moderate pleural\n effusion and compressive atelectasis at the base. However, in the appropriate\n clinical setting, supervening pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n Some hyperexpansion of the lung and prominent AP diameter in the lateral view\n suggests some underlying chronic pulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10747985/s53152619/5c8db14e-de3be675-e4f639ad-831f8f5e-812b4d77.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46e63404-1709a2d3-1638238e-697de887-c1349f26", "study_id": 52387827, "subject_id": 16524961, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged but similar. The aorta is calcified and\n mildly tortuous. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion, minimally\n improved compared with the prior study. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There appears to be a small to moderate\n sized hiatal hernia. Multiple compression deformities of the thoracolumbar\n spine are unchanged. No acutely displaced rib fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16524961/s52387827/46e63404-1709a2d3-1638238e-697de887-c1349f26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fa48acf-20336709-3f4f11f1-7a015e94-0a31521d", "study_id": 56827088, "subject_id": 12552204, "report": "impression: Newly placed NG tube terminates in the stomach in good position. Findings: Newly placed NG tube terminates in the stomach. The patient is rotated,\n within limitations lungs are well inflated and clear. Stable cardiomegaly and\n tortuosity of thoracic aorta. No change in bony thorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12552204/s56827088/5fa48acf-20336709-3f4f11f1-7a015e94-0a31521d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09ad845e-8758ac27-64eaaf77-3b19139a-bf1cd73e", "study_id": 56798862, "subject_id": 17288913, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n 2. Small hiatal hernia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Small hiatal hernia is unchanged from prior. There is\n calcification of the aortic arch.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17288913/s56798862/09ad845e-8758ac27-64eaaf77-3b19139a-bf1cd73e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c52ba86-f53afec3-e06a9035-c1821fbd-b681e24c", "study_id": 51844642, "subject_id": 13001519, "report": "impression: Normal chest findings. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Heart size is normal. No configurational abnormality. Thoracic\n aorta unremarkable. No mediastinal abnormalities. The pulmonary vasculature\n is normal. No signs of acute or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present\n and the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. Skeletal structures\n of the thorax grossly within normal limits. Comparison is made with the next\n preceding chest examination ___ ___. At that time, the chest findings\n are grossly normal, but a subtle small suspicious parenchymal infiltrate was\n noted localized to the right base in posterior position. This suspicious\n infiltrate does not exist anymore.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13001519/s51844642/0c52ba86-f53afec3-e06a9035-c1821fbd-b681e24c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fb28289-416881e6-f399117d-a2f54fb6-058834d2", "study_id": 58732289, "subject_id": 13156713, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate intact median sternotomy wires. \n Numerous clips project over the left mediastinal border. Lungs are clear\n bilaterally without a focal consolidation. Heart size is normal. Hilar and\n mediastinal contours are otherwise within normal limits. There is no evidence\n of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Imaged upper abdomen\n demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13156713/s58732289/0fb28289-416881e6-f399117d-a2f54fb6-058834d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66164f30-00468671-c5d7e2d0-222f4524-78fd68ba", "study_id": 57410233, "subject_id": 13518094, "report": "impression: Radiographic findings suggest CHF with mild interstitial edema. Possible\n superimposed right juxta hilar pneumonia. If the diagnosis is in doubt\n clinically, a follow-up radiograph may be considered after diuresis. Findings: Heart is upper limits of normal in size with left ventricular configuration. \n Upper zone vascular redistribution is accompanied by peribronchial cuffing and\n basilar predominant septal lines, with similar pattern to previous episodes of\n reported interstitial edema on earlier chest radiographs. Note is also made\n of a more focal poorly defined opacity in the right infrahilar region,\n corresponding to the middle lobe on the lateral view. Calcified left upper\n lobe granuloma is unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or acute skeletal\n abnormality.\n .", "image_path": [ "p13/p13518094/s57410233/66164f30-00468671-c5d7e2d0-222f4524-78fd68ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbbded3a-63396ffc-1dcf0fe3-396e7272-1719a67b", "study_id": 57438610, "subject_id": 13215302, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild pulmonary vascular congestion, mild bibasilar\n atelectasis and trace bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged. The aorta\n remains tortuous. Hilar contours are similar. There is crowding of\n bronchovascular structures due to low lung volumes with mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. Patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect\n atelectasis. Trace bilateral pleural effusions are noted on the lateral view.\n No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is present. Marked degenerative\n changes are noted involving the right glenohumeral joint with superior\n subluxation of the right humeral head, unchanged", "image_path": [ "p13/p13215302/s57438610/dbbded3a-63396ffc-1dcf0fe3-396e7272-1719a67b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3cca5086-b3408f53-836b9a14-f68219d1-9518e739", "study_id": 59164356, "subject_id": 18477059, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically no pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the osseous structures are unremarkable without\n displaced rib fracture. Visualized bowel gas pattern is nonobstructive.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18477059/s59164356/3cca5086-b3408f53-836b9a14-f68219d1-9518e739.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db5180cb-1f65e173-2d0578f6-eb3c6544-0581d0ff", "study_id": 59023390, "subject_id": 10867608, "report": "impression: New right middle lobe opacity suggesting pneumonia. Findings: A central venous catheter terminates at the cavoatrial junction. New streaky\n minor opacity at the right lung base is most suggestive of minor atelectasis. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm appears unchanged. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10867608/s59023390/db5180cb-1f65e173-2d0578f6-eb3c6544-0581d0ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3427bd33-f6461752-0cd5fdd4-1b72b8f2-9a3e003d", "study_id": 59750722, "subject_id": 17966759, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Cardiac size top\n normal. Extensive calcifications of the aorta. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac size is top normal. Extensive calcifications of\n the tortuous but not dilated ascending and descending aorta as well as the\n aortic knob.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17966759/s59750722/3427bd33-f6461752-0cd5fdd4-1b72b8f2-9a3e003d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4a8328c-3b17aed5-a9e4ce97-2b6a5e0c-025d0c1b", "study_id": 50801382, "subject_id": 17058070, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs. There is mild interstitial edema and\n bilateral pleural effusions. Mild cardiomegaly is similar to priors. There is\n no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17058070/s50801382/d4a8328c-3b17aed5-a9e4ce97-2b6a5e0c-025d0c1b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "503411bf-a12b773a-f8565f0e-8b47e417-f8a3bb03", "study_id": 55377137, "subject_id": 14634306, "report": "impression: Slight interval improvement in the degree of pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared the prior study, there has been slight improvement in the pulmonary\n vascular congestion and pulmonary edema. Probable small right pleural\n effusion is unchanged. No pneumothorax. No focal areas of consolidation\n seen. The endotracheal tube is unchanged in position. Nasogastric tube and a\n right internal jugular catheter are unchanged in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14634306/s55377137/503411bf-a12b773a-f8565f0e-8b47e417-f8a3bb03.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66c8e92c-ac93ac10-47f10bf0-39dbe113-296a4042", "study_id": 58517463, "subject_id": 18605505, "report": "impression: Persistent moderate bilateral pleural effusions with slight interval increase\n in pulmonary edema. Unchanged bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Support and monitoring devices are in unchanged positions. The right PICC\n terminates at the mid SVC.\n \n There are bilateral moderate pleural effusions with slight interval increase\n in pulmonary edema. Bibasilar atelectasis is stable. The cardiac silhouette is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18605505/s58517463/66c8e92c-ac93ac10-47f10bf0-39dbe113-296a4042.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1649b938-b9696167-8496664c-02c7b58e-c06ddcb6", "study_id": 52587971, "subject_id": 15523091, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15523091/s52587971/1649b938-b9696167-8496664c-02c7b58e-c06ddcb6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc7c060b-039f57a0-db905f3d-6ac89f93-e3c3ce10", "study_id": 50520347, "subject_id": 18690742, "report": "impression: Limited exam. No definite evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The exam is very limited due to body habitus. Within the limitations, there\n is no focal opacity to suggest pneumonia or pulmonary edema. There is no\n large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18690742/s50520347/bc7c060b-039f57a0-db905f3d-6ac89f93-e3c3ce10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30ffa5d3-1e2dce93-81b61338-0770fc91-a64f7972", "study_id": 58964897, "subject_id": 14558435, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and small right pleural effusion. Findings: The heart size is within normal limits as are the mediastinal\n contours. The lung volumes are low but show no lobar consolidation. Again, a\n small amount of pleural fluid is seen tracking along the right lateral pleural\n space. Clips in the gallbladder fossa represent prior cholecystectomy with\n couple of dropped clips sitting just at the dome of the liver. A plastic CBD\n stent is also present. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14558435/s58964897/30ffa5d3-1e2dce93-81b61338-0770fc91-a64f7972.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e96f6e0-1e1fea11-44c05514-5a370a4e-4148150a", "study_id": 58924702, "subject_id": 14665029, "report": "impression: New right base opacity, consistent with aspiration or pneumonia in the correct\n clinical setting. Findings: Since the prior study, there has been interval development of a heterogeneous\n opacity at the right lung base, which may reflect aspiration or pneumonia. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax\n or large pleural effusion. Incidental note is again made of an azygos\n fissure.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14665029/s58924702/5e96f6e0-1e1fea11-44c05514-5a370a4e-4148150a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ed0e44f-f0305c89-98c18ef0-ae78fa1d-0119a10a", "study_id": 50669221, "subject_id": 15996527, "report": "impression: Prominent nipple shadows noted bilaterally. Otherwise normal. Findings: Nodular opacities in the mid to low lungs bilaterally likely represent nipple\n shadows. If needed repeat radiograph with nipple markers may be obtained to\n further assess. Aside from this, lungs appear clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures\n are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15996527/s50669221/5ed0e44f-f0305c89-98c18ef0-ae78fa1d-0119a10a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0dc690b2-c4b8482c-febc4549-e0c2fe84-6e72ec0a", "study_id": 55257161, "subject_id": 19080631, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n \n\n ___, MD Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. The aorta remains mildly tortuous with\n atherosclerotic calcifications again noted at the aortic knob. The\n mediastinal hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature\n is not engorged. Subsegmental atelectasis is noted in the right lung base. \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. No\n acute osseous abnormalities present. .", "image_path": [ "p19/p19080631/s55257161/0dc690b2-c4b8482c-febc4549-e0c2fe84-6e72ec0a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20b3a383-f6a375b0-b4f46aff-c925cadf-49c4b3ad", "study_id": 54211462, "subject_id": 13774492, "report": "impression: Increased opacity overlying the right middle lobe concerning for pneumonia\n with an element of atelectasis. \n \n These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr.\n ___ at ___ on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Opacity overlying the right middle lobe appears more discrete and\n is concerning for right middle lobe pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13774492/s54211462/20b3a383-f6a375b0-b4f46aff-c925cadf-49c4b3ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5332bf8-035ceefc-f18b76dc-cb262e2c-f2576174", "study_id": 56715465, "subject_id": 17123392, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, with mild prominence of the main\n pulmonary artery and mild cardiomegaly. There is stable enlargement of the\n right hilum. There may be minimal vascular congestion. No new focal\n consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17123392/s56715465/f5332bf8-035ceefc-f18b76dc-cb262e2c-f2576174.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c49e806-c3e4d9a5-35956565-2e1ded2a-632db2c1", "study_id": 52067798, "subject_id": 18537315, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion. Findings: The heart size is borderline enlarged. The aortic knob is calcified. \n Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. There is mild pulmonary edema,\n slightly more pronounced on the right compared to the left. There is minimal\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle suggestive of a trace pleural\n effusion. No pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18537315/s52067798/3c49e806-c3e4d9a5-35956565-2e1ded2a-632db2c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c2071b0a-71e23081-a8fbd054-e8e54f25-9811b08b", "study_id": 54856653, "subject_id": 18935074, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Right sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the upper SVC. Left-sided central\n venous catheter terminates in the proximal right atrium, unchanged. Lung\n volumes are low. Cardiac silhouette size is accentuated as a result of low\n lung volumes and is borderline enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18935074/s54856653/c2071b0a-71e23081-a8fbd054-e8e54f25-9811b08b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "00a4310d-27a24281-a464ab8d-eec250bf-989c11a1", "study_id": 58996752, "subject_id": 15467022, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in\n the right atrium and right ventricle. Mild enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette is present. The aorta is mildly tortuous and demonstrates\n atherosclerotic calcifications diffusely. Hilar contours are normal, and the\n pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. Mild to\n moderate multilevel degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine as\n well as involving both acromioclavicular joints.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15467022/s58996752/00a4310d-27a24281-a464ab8d-eec250bf-989c11a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c53761e-82b7cd17-8397ae8a-68a6ac24-9fb53d51", "study_id": 54677904, "subject_id": 17396346, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for pulmonary edema with possible\n superimposed consolidation in the left lower lobe. Probable small bilateral\n effusions. Limited exam. Findings: Frontal supine portable view of the chest provided. Examination\n limited due to underpenetrated technique and low lung volumes. Allowing for\n this, there is increased mid and lower lung opacities, left greater than\n right, which could represent pulmonary edema, asymmetric, though a\n superimposed left lower lobe pneumonia cannot be excluded. Effusions,\n probable bilateral and small likely present. No pneumothorax. Heart size\n cannot be assessed. Bony structures are intact. Clips in the left axilla\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17396346/s54677904/6c53761e-82b7cd17-8397ae8a-68a6ac24-9fb53d51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d517d3e-6025eee1-7d71e3c9-5ce862ad-30545d7e", "study_id": 50219716, "subject_id": 19736038, "report": "impression: Persistent bilateral atelectasis concerning for an obstructive\n process. Further evaluation with CT is recommended.\n \n Findings were submitted to the critical results dashboard. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. Right middle lobe and lingular\n opacification persist and likely reflect atelectasis. Lateral view shows one\n of the lower lobes is also involved. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19736038/s50219716/5d517d3e-6025eee1-7d71e3c9-5ce862ad-30545d7e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e489931-b6266571-043888ad-715c7492-fa6e0ac1", "study_id": 53520501, "subject_id": 18093624, "report": "impression: Subtle opacification within the left lower lobe, representing an\n early/developing pneumonia. Findings: There is subtle opacification within the left lower lung, which is localized\n to the lower lobe on the lateral, representing an early/developing pneumonia. \n No pulmonary edema. Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18093624/s53520501/1e489931-b6266571-043888ad-715c7492-fa6e0ac1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c4627726-33a35915-eacd8edf-fa17ff3d-4ee48fb4", "study_id": 51004647, "subject_id": 13154022, "report": "impression: New multifocal opacities in the left lung suggesting pneumonia. \n Followup radiographs are recommended following treatment within eight weeks in\n order to show resolution. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable and appear not significantly changed allowing for differences\n in technique including low lung volumes. There are patchy opacifications in\n the lingula and even more extensive within the left lower lobe, where air\n bronchograms can also be seen, most suggestive of pneumonia. Elsewhere, the\n lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13154022/s51004647/c4627726-33a35915-eacd8edf-fa17ff3d-4ee48fb4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13a4fda0-9031b76d-06b1899a-274256e6-0898d448", "study_id": 56928271, "subject_id": 13892051, "report": "impression: As above.\n \n\n ___, MD\n ___=___ Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath is\n again noted with catheter tip in the region of the lower SVC. In this patient\n with known lung cancer there is persistent left hilar opacity though slightly\n decreased in overall conspicuity from prior chest radiograph. Hyperinflated\n lungs reflect known COPD. There is no focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Bony structures are intact. No free air seen below\n the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13892051/s56928271/13a4fda0-9031b76d-06b1899a-274256e6-0898d448.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a08b1b04-d6ad8960-8bb835b1-8c10c29b-b2ebb13e", "study_id": 55625361, "subject_id": 12694726, "report": "impression: 1. Chronic pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema, which is\n unchanged from the most recent prior study.\n 2. Overall unchanged appearance of the chest with asbestos-related calcified\n pleural plaques. Findings: The overall appearance of the chest is not significantly changed\n from the most recent prior study. Widespread dense opacities projecting over\n the lungs and along the bilateral hemidiaphragms are compatible with calcified\n pleural plaques. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema is\n unchanged. No significant pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The\n cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged but stable. A right internal\n jugular central venous catheter is unchanged with the tip terminating at the\n cavoatrial junction. The patient is status post median sternotomy. A\n vascular graft compatible with a CoreValve projects over the aortic root. \n Calcification at the aortic knob is noted. Surgical clips along the right\n lower neck are also noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12694726/s55625361/a08b1b04-d6ad8960-8bb835b1-8c10c29b-b2ebb13e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe3d0bae-5f60e60d-de4de5e4-afca1710-8cf0fbb4", "study_id": 56594395, "subject_id": 14875942, "report": "impression: Severely limited evaluation of the ribs. If continued concern\n for rib fracture, recommend dedicated rib series. Findings: Demonstrates stable enlarged cardiac\n silhouette with a left-sided single-lead pacemaker with tip terminating in the\n right ventricle. Low lung volumes are noted with stable bibasilar\n atelectasis. No focal opacities concerning for pneumonia present. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is evident.\n \n Evaluation of the ribs is limited due to body habitus as well as patient\n position. No displaced rib fracture evident.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14875942/s56594395/fe3d0bae-5f60e60d-de4de5e4-afca1710-8cf0fbb4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9eb677cb-455845d7-438785e1-561a1577-951e1382", "study_id": 52877745, "subject_id": 11029109, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Moderate scoliosis of the thoracic spine, but no evidence of acute or\n chronic lung parenchymal changes. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. \n Normal hilar and mediastinal structures.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11029109/s52877745/9eb677cb-455845d7-438785e1-561a1577-951e1382.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "40f95f19-accc6b81-3917df29-bc3dc03b-e2ae4dc4", "study_id": 50365589, "subject_id": 19297337, "report": "impression: Persistent large right apical pleural space with no evidence of\n tension. Stable right lung hematoma and atelectasis. Findings: There are three right chest tubes in place and in unchanged\n position, two of which terminate in the apex. The large, persistent, right\n apical pleural space, measuring 9.0 cm from the top of the thoracic cage to\n the collapsed right upper lobe, is unchanged. There is no mediastinal shift or\n hemidiaphragmatic flattening to suggest tension. Increased area of density in\n the collapsed right upper lobe is likely hematoma from recent surgery. The\n extent of soft tissue air collection in the right chest wall has not changed.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19297337/s50365589/40f95f19-accc6b81-3917df29-bc3dc03b-e2ae4dc4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2563db22-19042597-e519fe12-1ab34d65-1b89c59d", "study_id": 59443887, "subject_id": 17190208, "report": "impression: An nasoenteric tube terminates in the stomach. Findings: A left-sided PICC terminates in the mid to distal SVC. A left-sided internal\n jugular catheter terminates in the proximal SVC. Endotracheal tube terminates\n 5.5 cm above the carina. A nasoenteric tube terminates in the left upper\n quadrant in the expected location of the stomach.\n \n Unchanged elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No pneumothorax seen. \n Moderate cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17190208/s59443887/2563db22-19042597-e519fe12-1ab34d65-1b89c59d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd04e275-2139e058-a83accac-cca7a1fe-0b7319d0", "study_id": 53976019, "subject_id": 11996766, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11996766/s53976019/fd04e275-2139e058-a83accac-cca7a1fe-0b7319d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca681b1b-ffbc308d-fbcf26f8-96989721-c3402c0d", "study_id": 51110928, "subject_id": 19992507, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the kinking seen in the prior\n left-sided catheter is not appreciated at this time. Both it and the\n right-sided catheter extend to the mid portion of the SVC.\n \n The cardiac silhouette appears somewhat more prominent, though there is no\n evidence of vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19992507/s51110928/ca681b1b-ffbc308d-fbcf26f8-96989721-c3402c0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b7720aa-c7f66cc4-e93e04e2-d3edd3f7-20ded701", "study_id": 58531074, "subject_id": 12429062, "report": "impression: 1. Patchy left basilar opacity, likely atelectasis with probable trace left\n pleural effusion.\n 2. No pulmonary edema. Findings: Low lung volumes are present which results in crowding of bronchovascular\n structures, but no overt pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle suggests a trace left pleural effusion with associated left basilar\n atelectasis. Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. No pneumothorax. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12429062/s58531074/8b7720aa-c7f66cc4-e93e04e2-d3edd3f7-20ded701.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d01f32d0-42ccb833-2f9e86fe-4eb00483-66b14be3", "study_id": 55880782, "subject_id": 15526064, "report": "impression: 1. Chronic, basilar predominant interstitial lung disease.\n 2. No evidence of acute pneumonia. Findings: As compared to ___ radiograph, bilateral chronic interstitial\n opacities persist and are most prominent at the lung bases. Lungs remain\n hyperinflated. Heart is upper limits of normal in size, in the aorta is\n tortuous. Permanent pacemaker is unchanged in position. There are no pleural\n effusions. Bones are diffusely demineralized, and mild decreased height of\n thoracic vertebral bodies is unchanged as well as healed right rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15526064/s55880782/d01f32d0-42ccb833-2f9e86fe-4eb00483-66b14be3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f89de8a-d0421e24-903b096f-a68ed3cd-2380b398", "study_id": 59014749, "subject_id": 11648038, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Very low lung volumes with diffuse parenchymal opacities at the lung\n bases, left more than right. Opacities on the left show diffuse air\n bronchograms, suggesting an infectious or atelectatic process. Patient is\n again rotated to the right, leading to artificial enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette and exaggerated width of the mediastinum.\n \n No newly appeared focal parenchymal opacities. The presence of\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusions cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11648038/s59014749/2f89de8a-d0421e24-903b096f-a68ed3cd-2380b398.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa468dbb-f12babcf-c70e9de5-907ffd96-94f5d065", "study_id": 50309592, "subject_id": 13115057, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Right chest port catheter tip is in\n the lower SVC. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13115057/s50309592/fa468dbb-f12babcf-c70e9de5-907ffd96-94f5d065.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93701940-26082da4-17940e14-28356e3d-caa496c0", "study_id": 59624060, "subject_id": 15295532, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15295532/s59624060/93701940-26082da4-17940e14-28356e3d-caa496c0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "77031556-0f856629-c1f05b36-b0aba969-25bd8184", "study_id": 57646261, "subject_id": 18696663, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Normal cardiac size.\n 3. Tortuous thoracic aorta. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. The thoracic aorta is moderately tortuous. The\n lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax, vascular congestion, or pleural\n effusion. Multilevel moderate thoracic spondylosis is present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18696663/s57646261/77031556-0f856629-c1f05b36-b0aba969-25bd8184.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa513e42-d61f13fd-dc19148d-094ed942-0e243483", "study_id": 50616844, "subject_id": 19937166, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: The lungs are clear. No effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Heart\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19937166/s50616844/aa513e42-d61f13fd-dc19148d-094ed942-0e243483.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85a72ff0-2b8cb2f2-61bb53c4-fedcfab7-e5b61436", "study_id": 50826874, "subject_id": 12872635, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. No acute osseous abnormality\n is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12872635/s50826874/85a72ff0-2b8cb2f2-61bb53c4-fedcfab7-e5b61436.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c1197085-97a134de-02284da6-2b4c997e-8ba09b93", "study_id": 53562870, "subject_id": 18470053, "report": "The ET tube has been replaced by tracheostomy tube. NG tube has\n been removed. There is dense retrocardiac opacity and bilateral pleural\n effusions, right greater than left. There is ill-defined pulmonary\n vasculature and a hazy alveolar infiltrate on the right. Compared to the\n prior exam, the pulmonary status appears slightly worse particularly on the\n right.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18470053/s53562870/c1197085-97a134de-02284da6-2b4c997e-8ba09b93.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aab46326-8d1febd3-e0c8bcb5-fb956345-fa7b7bd5", "study_id": 53651761, "subject_id": 11801365, "report": "impression: Limited study due to the patient being severely rotated as well as patient's\n arm overlying the lateral view. Given this, left base opacity with blunting\n of the posterior costophrenic angles, concerning for small to moderate\n pleural effusion(s) with atelectasis, underlying left base consolidation not\n excluded.\n \n Possible mild interstitial edema.\n \n Difficult to assess the heart and mediastinum. The cardiac silhouette is\n likely top-normal to mildly enlarged. Findings: The patient is rotated significantly to the left, limiting evaluation. There\n is blunting of the posterior costophrenic angles and obscuration of the left\n hemidiaphragm, suggesting small to moderate pleural effusion(s).Left base\n opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis as well\n as overlying external structure, however, underlying consolidation is not\n excluded. There is mild increase of the interstitial markings bilaterally\n raising concern for mild interstitial edema. The mediastinum is difficult to\n assess. Cardiac silhouette is also difficult to assess but is likely\n top-normal to mildly enlarged. Chronic deformity of the proximal right\n humerus is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11801365/s53651761/aab46326-8d1febd3-e0c8bcb5-fb956345-fa7b7bd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23691551-4fc8727f-7b7ad206-8673c57a-1e81b4c6", "study_id": 50073009, "subject_id": 14328075, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14328075/s50073009/23691551-4fc8727f-7b7ad206-8673c57a-1e81b4c6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70abc6b1-f2797410-8115f791-7fba59ab-49284c4a", "study_id": 51185072, "subject_id": 18729018, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. \n \n Findings were conveyed by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ ___ telephone at 14:24\n on ___, ___ min after interpretation. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No by\n bony abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18729018/s51185072/70abc6b1-f2797410-8115f791-7fba59ab-49284c4a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0414eb4b-7a263a68-b2a1fc29-6472b435-19a397a3", "study_id": 52471073, "subject_id": 16783548, "report": "impression: Unchanged diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities and an enlarged cardiac\n silhouette favor pulmonary edema. Toxic inhalation, drug reaction, and\n atypical infection like pneumocystis are also on the differential. Findings: Unchanged diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities with an enlarged cardiac\n silhouette favor pulmonary edema as the most likely diagnosis. However, toxic\n inhalation, drug reaction, and atypical infection like pneumocystis are on the\n differential. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16783548/s52471073/0414eb4b-7a263a68-b2a1fc29-6472b435-19a397a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "102f8cb0-c2275b4d-c486f1d3-fe7b4397-2eaf8edd", "study_id": 51022526, "subject_id": 10531678, "report": "impression: Right upper and middle lobe pneumonia.\n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ via telephone at 3:17 p.m.\n on ___ after discovery at 3:05 p.m. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a right middle and upper lobe opacity. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette shows aortic knob calcifications. The hilar\n contours and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10531678/s51022526/102f8cb0-c2275b4d-c486f1d3-fe7b4397-2eaf8edd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a240148-cbd4d113-36f18e92-4a93807b-9bbefb0f", "study_id": 50287111, "subject_id": 18028180, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A left PICC tip persists in the lower SVC. The cardiomediastinal\n and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18028180/s50287111/2a240148-cbd4d113-36f18e92-4a93807b-9bbefb0f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba359e0c-fe4f2f59-df4d07e6-a837395e-d1239401", "study_id": 55507589, "subject_id": 11050097, "report": "impression: Clear lungs, with hyperinflation suggestive of COPD. Etiology of hemoptysis\n not elucidated. CT may be considered to exclude a radiographically occult\n cause of Ma purposes if warranted clinically.\n \n Nodular opacity projecting over right lower lobe is likely due to the right\n nipple shadow, however dedicated nipple views or a chest CT may be obtained\n for confirmation. Findings: There is a saber sheath configuration of the trachea. Aside from linear\n atelectasis at both lung bases, the lungs are hyperinflated but clear. The\n heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. There is also a nodular opacity projecting over right lower\n lobe.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11050097/s55507589/ba359e0c-fe4f2f59-df4d07e6-a837395e-d1239401.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efdaeb95-8c2df66f-946287fc-c6cd55ba-8f350889", "study_id": 56310521, "subject_id": 17679569, "report": "impression: New right lower lobe atelectasis versus aspiration pneumonitis.\n \n Diffuse vascular prominence, increase in interstitial markings and\n cardiomegaly likely reflects presence of associated pulmonary edema.\n \n Widening of superior mediastinum with extrinsic compression over the distal\n trachea which is deviated to the left-side and nonvisualization of the right\n main bronchus, likely secondary to postsurgical edema. Findings: The right lung volume is low compared to the left side.\n \n There are new and linear opacities in the right lower lobe, likely atelectasis\n versus consolidation. Aspiration pneumonitis is also a consideration.\n \n There is diffuse prominence of interstitial markings as well as vascular\n prominence.\n \n The right main bronchus is not clearly visualized and there is deviation of\n the distal trachea to the left side. This may reflect presence of a hematoma\n in this region related to the recent surgery.\n \n There is mild cardiomegaly and widening of the superior mediastinum.\n \n Epidural catheter is seen in place. Metallic hardware projects over the lower\n cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17679569/s56310521/efdaeb95-8c2df66f-946287fc-c6cd55ba-8f350889.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab58e9a5-82c8c1b6-3ae349ef-8c280eb4-d6e80a07", "study_id": 57399121, "subject_id": 19721801, "report": "Technically limited examination. Low lung volumes. Signs of\n moderate pulmonary edema, associated with a moderate right and a small left\n pleural effusion persist. Also persistent are areas of atelectasis at both\n lung bases. The monitoring and support devices are constant in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19721801/s57399121/ab58e9a5-82c8c1b6-3ae349ef-8c280eb4-d6e80a07.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "936804fa-5cdf023c-8abecc3f-acefa411-844abed1", "study_id": 59524413, "subject_id": 17239799, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Both lungs are clear with no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17239799/s59524413/936804fa-5cdf023c-8abecc3f-acefa411-844abed1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c92c565-f9e4894e-7c78a53e-a10fce56-5fe891e0", "study_id": 59413758, "subject_id": 14593829, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. No free air. Findings: Lingular subpleural nodule is better evaluated on prior\n CT. The right lung is well expanded and clear. Chronic blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle. Heart size is top normal. Calcifications of the aortic\n arch. Mild right acromioclavicular arthropathy. No free air under the\n diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14593829/s59413758/8c92c565-f9e4894e-7c78a53e-a10fce56-5fe891e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec4d1192-2409e75f-a0f37dc5-5eb44cb3-2e2effc4", "study_id": 52925512, "subject_id": 17471483, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation,pleural effusion,pneumothorax,or frank\n pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17471483/s52925512/ec4d1192-2409e75f-a0f37dc5-5eb44cb3-2e2effc4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1b10107-f1321595-f5cd2f9d-0cf011d9-bed91f2d", "study_id": 53735564, "subject_id": 11604306, "report": "impression: Unchanged left pleural effusion. Findings: Compared to the prior 's there is little overall change with stable appearance\n of moderate left pleural effusion. Opacification of the left mid lung\n persists likely representing rounded atelectasis. The right lung remains\n clear. Stable cardiomediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11604306/s53735564/b1b10107-f1321595-f5cd2f9d-0cf011d9-bed91f2d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54126cbc-80269270-ab068ab7-593c0be7-8ee25efa", "study_id": 54471486, "subject_id": 17258978, "report": "impression: Increasing multifocal airspace opacities, in the left lower lobe can be\n worsening pneumonia. Findings: As compared to chest radiograph from 1 day prior, multifocal airspace\n opacities, more pronounced in the left lower lobe have increased can be\n worsening infection. Right lower lobe multi focal opacities are stable. No\n pulmonary vascular congestion. No pneumothorax. Mild cardiac enlargement. No\n significant effusions.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17258978/s54471486/54126cbc-80269270-ab068ab7-593c0be7-8ee25efa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab55aacd-74be3003-fd4c2bf6-790af088-b71ea877", "study_id": 59701687, "subject_id": 14369559, "report": "impression: Unchanged left-sided pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate moderate left-sided pleural\n effusion, improved since ___ and unchanged since ___. \n Small right-sided pleural effusion noted. Lungs are grossly clear well with\n no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. \n Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14369559/s59701687/ab55aacd-74be3003-fd4c2bf6-790af088-b71ea877.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7644b8b-3b7c5952-eba2a380-8a0bfab7-5f2859dd", "study_id": 57771891, "subject_id": 10562846, "report": "impression: 1. Improving right lower lobe pneumonia.\n 2. Resolution of left basilar atelectasis.\n 3. Improvement in hypervolemic state.\n 4. Unidentified loop to wire overlying the neck, which should be correlated\n with physical examination to ensure that it is external to the patient. Findings: The right lower lobe pneumonia is\n improved from two days ago. The left lower lobe atelectasis kas resolved. \n The mediastinal vascular engorgement has improved. The lungs are otherwise\n clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. A radiopaque loop of wire overlies the\n neck.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10562846/s57771891/f7644b8b-3b7c5952-eba2a380-8a0bfab7-5f2859dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0290ab5b-609131d9-a5dc6434-92d7b5ed-847b4bf5", "study_id": 51128093, "subject_id": 16173126, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lung\n fields are clear. There is no pneumothorax, fracture or dislocation. Limited\n assessment of the abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16173126/s51128093/0290ab5b-609131d9-a5dc6434-92d7b5ed-847b4bf5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "798fa53e-4f97c4fc-2a6978c2-c69d1bad-a7949868", "study_id": 56186690, "subject_id": 11937809, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from five hours earlier.\n \n No pneumothoraces are seen. There is again seen a right-sided pigtail\n catheter. There are also areas of consolidation throughout both lung fields,\n worse within the right upper lobe where there is also cavitation. Findings\n appear stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11937809/s56186690/798fa53e-4f97c4fc-2a6978c2-c69d1bad-a7949868.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1566bb6-de1333d7-a96d62cc-09ff188b-e0feecbb", "study_id": 54634704, "subject_id": 16497039, "report": "impression: There is no significant change since previous exam.\n 1. Mild congestion is stable.\n 2. Unchanged bibasilar atelectasis with small pleural effusions. Findings: Bibasilar atelectasis with pleural effusions are unchanged. Mild\n cardiac congestion is unchanged. Right-sided PICC line ends at cavoatrial\n junction. There is no pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16497039/s54634704/f1566bb6-de1333d7-a96d62cc-09ff188b-e0feecbb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de4c5ee8-6c2bc0ae-451dc67c-37a29196-f84ba056", "study_id": 53490017, "subject_id": 12841802, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Both lungs are clear with no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12841802/s53490017/de4c5ee8-6c2bc0ae-451dc67c-37a29196-f84ba056.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c1fef75-71659699-289a94b2-661767e8-b60d4027", "study_id": 51817147, "subject_id": 12677464, "report": "impression: Streaky basilar opacity on the lateral view may represent atelectasis but\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting.\n \n Prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally suggests mild interstitial\n edema. Findings: There relatively low lung volumes. Prominence of the interstitial markings\n bilaterally suggests interstitial edema.Persistent medial left base\n retrocardiac opacity on the frontal view may be due to tortuous aorta or\n hiatal hernia. Streaky basilar opacity on the lateral view may represent\n atelectasis although infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical\n setting. No focal consolidation is seen elsewhere. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12677464/s51817147/7c1fef75-71659699-289a94b2-661767e8-b60d4027.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0cb7806-3c704361-eff21585-52b1a10a-8ec0ef35", "study_id": 53507441, "subject_id": 10757917, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: In comparison to most recent chest x-ray from ___, a left chest\n Port-A-Cath is in unchanged position with distal tip projecting over the right\n atrium. The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable and within normal\n limits. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is\n no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10757917/s53507441/e0cb7806-3c704361-eff21585-52b1a10a-8ec0ef35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f5e13d6-761c00ff-c336de32-fc434ff3-458543ff", "study_id": 58736932, "subject_id": 15562294, "report": "impression: Top-normal cardiac silhouette size without pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette size is top-normal. Mediastinal\n contours unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15562294/s58736932/6f5e13d6-761c00ff-c336de32-fc434ff3-458543ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0d7c445-d93ac693-3ccb4da7-55819442-3c929650", "study_id": 50560065, "subject_id": 19143018, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusion with elevation of the hemidiaphragms from\n large volume ascites. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Heart size and cardiomediastinal\n contours are normal. Elevation of the hemidiaphragms is likely due to large\n volume ascites. Lung volumes are low with bibasilar atelectasis. Blunting of\n the costophrenic angles is similar to prior and consistent with small pleural\n effusions. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19143018/s50560065/d0d7c445-d93ac693-3ccb4da7-55819442-3c929650.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "202ec63b-e2503248-cdd78027-1abdab76-006d64fd", "study_id": 50256749, "subject_id": 12702546, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated without focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted\n throughout the thoracic aorta. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12702546/s50256749/202ec63b-e2503248-cdd78027-1abdab76-006d64fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0efa1e4-9f8bcfea-e5128ade-d66abed8-42184027", "study_id": 56334017, "subject_id": 19083505, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is minimal bilateral atelectasis but the lungs are otherwise\n clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No\n displaced rib fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19083505/s56334017/a0efa1e4-9f8bcfea-e5128ade-d66abed8-42184027.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2c52573-4d2d15ca-9210490d-a03702bf-9e996d75", "study_id": 54066822, "subject_id": 18683014, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs and\n pleural surfaces are clear. No acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18683014/s54066822/a2c52573-4d2d15ca-9210490d-a03702bf-9e996d75.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38da6235-6774a0f8-d8d02b81-02b493e7-f5e1c0a6", "study_id": 58170356, "subject_id": 10108435, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease or injury. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable within the limitations\n of technique. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10108435/s58170356/38da6235-6774a0f8-d8d02b81-02b493e7-f5e1c0a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4080eb18-64102207-a4db61a7-ab2f4e61-eaf19d79", "study_id": 52867973, "subject_id": 11558244, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n These findings were discussed with ___, NP by Dr. ___ via\n telephone on ___ at 4:15 p.m., at time of discovery. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The lungs are well expanded and clear. There are no focal consolidations,\n pleural effusions, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11558244/s52867973/4080eb18-64102207-a4db61a7-ab2f4e61-eaf19d79.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95f906de-4032abcb-098792a6-43909e58-e8317fcc", "study_id": 52761829, "subject_id": 10368327, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema with small to moderate size bilateral pleural\n effusions and bibasilar airspace opacities, possibly reflecting atelectasis\n though infection is not excluded. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema is demonstrated with small to moderate size bilateral\n pleural effusions, right greater than left. Bibasilar airspace opacities\n likely reflect compressive atelectasis, but infection cannot be completely\n excluded. There remains mild cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta. No pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10368327/s52761829/95f906de-4032abcb-098792a6-43909e58-e8317fcc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9cab107e-de9970ff-5de03446-5c3c8069-d74b4629", "study_id": 50165702, "subject_id": 14987393, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion. Background interstitial disease, unchanged\n since prior study. Findings: There is a retrocardiac opacity concerning compatible with hiatal hernia. \n There is unchanged prominent interstitial marking compatible with known\n interstitial disease and scarring. Opacity projecting over the anterior right\n first rib is compatible with tortuous vessel. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are stable. There is likely a small right\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14987393/s50165702/9cab107e-de9970ff-5de03446-5c3c8069-d74b4629.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e7958648-8ff81627-9a8c50fa-f9f71961-ef3b1bdd", "study_id": 51933230, "subject_id": 14199690, "report": "impression: No new infiltrate. No pneumothorax Findings: ET tube, NG tube, left chest tube, and mediastinal drains have been removed.\n The right IJ line tip in the right atrium is again seen. Lung volumes are low\n with volume loss at the bases. There continues to be dense retrocardiac\n opacity compatible with a combination of volume loss/infiltrate/effusion. The\n upper lungs are clear", "image_path": [ "p14/p14199690/s51933230/e7958648-8ff81627-9a8c50fa-f9f71961-ef3b1bdd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93ef22cb-14ab5b58-146a0bc2-3c733cbf-27731c2f", "study_id": 53922706, "subject_id": 12913035, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial\n decrease in the bilateral perihilar consolidation which is now quite\n symmetric. Cardiac silhouette is again enlarged. The overall appearance\n appears consistent with improved pulmonary vascular status.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12913035/s53922706/93ef22cb-14ab5b58-146a0bc2-3c733cbf-27731c2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b525a989-c7ab2d81-024bb523-ad95c9e3-ff1e195e", "study_id": 50208320, "subject_id": 18189327, "report": "impression: Nasogastric tube terminates in the stomach with the last side port below the\n GE junction. Findings: Portable semi upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates hyperexpanded lungs\n with increased interstitial markings, not significantly changed from the prior\n study earlier on the same date. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged.\n The heart appears mildly enlarged. There is no pneumothorax, consolidation,\n or pleural effusion. The nasogastric tube appears ultimately terminate in the\n stomach with the last side port below the GE junction.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18189327/s50208320/b525a989-c7ab2d81-024bb523-ad95c9e3-ff1e195e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "788a9080-b069ded0-c6ba2ea3-16d21481-4e284a69", "study_id": 54922875, "subject_id": 12166138, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are constant. Constant appearance\n of the lung parenchyma, constant size of the cardiac silhouette. No evidence\n of pneumonia. The bilateral subtle ill-defined opacities that pre-existed are\n constant in appearance and likely represent atelectatic changes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12166138/s54922875/788a9080-b069ded0-c6ba2ea3-16d21481-4e284a69.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fddcdf06-529c2f07-71bd653d-8ee6cac6-ea26ca7a", "study_id": 53560350, "subject_id": 15582954, "report": "impression: 1. Chronic scarring and atelectasis of the left lower lung and retrocardiac\n space. Depending upon clinical circumstances, these findings could represent\n early pneumonia.\n \n 2. Unchanged small bilateral pleural effusions with mild vascular congestion. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. There is mild vascular\n congestion. There is an area of chronic scarring and atelectasis in the left\n retrocardiac space and left lower lung. Atelectasis at the right lung base is\n unchanged. Small bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged. There is no\n pneumothorax. Right PICC line and esophageal stent remain in place.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15582954/s53560350/fddcdf06-529c2f07-71bd653d-8ee6cac6-ea26ca7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "142be281-a4915565-69f5120c-4085f2c6-4217fbc7", "study_id": 58240934, "subject_id": 14636526, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. There is a very mild reverse S-shaped curvature to\n the visualized thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14636526/s58240934/142be281-a4915565-69f5120c-4085f2c6-4217fbc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ebc6889f-1d21968e-0c058f22-92678f6b-938dd389", "study_id": 58709014, "subject_id": 15843878, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs\n are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15843878/s58709014/ebc6889f-1d21968e-0c058f22-92678f6b-938dd389.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5bd28ca3-1bf3949d-e642b9b2-02875a61-8cf2c8bd", "study_id": 59082137, "subject_id": 12376118, "report": "impression: 1. Pulmonary edema, new since the ___ study\n 2. Right-sided PICC is a midline\n 3. Known left ventricular aneurysm. Findings: A right-sided PICC terminates in the axillary or subclavian vein. Cardiac\n pacemaker with appropriately placed leads is unchanged. Dense calcifications\n of the aortic knob are noted. The large calcified aneurysm of the left\n ventricle is again noted.\n \n Worsening interstitial abnormalities are compatible with pulmonary edema.\n Bilateral pleural effusions are likely present as well.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12376118/s59082137/5bd28ca3-1bf3949d-e642b9b2-02875a61-8cf2c8bd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "558581a4-59afa697-8c8eab1e-d191da33-a1b80d35", "study_id": 54949845, "subject_id": 10950585, "report": "impression: Increasing left-sided pleural effusion, now moderate with adjacent compressive\n atelectasis. Superimposed pneumonia is possible in the proper clinical\n setting. Findings: There is left-sided volume loss with an increased pleural effusion when\n compared with ___. Retrocardiac atelectasis has also increased, and\n superimposed pneumonia cannot be ruled out in the proper clinical setting.\n Evaluation is limited by the left scapula projecting over the the area of\n concern. Lateral views may also be helpful if clinically feasible. The right\n lung is clear. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion or pneumothorax. A\n surgical clip projects over the left tracheobronchial angle.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10950585/s54949845/558581a4-59afa697-8c8eab1e-d191da33-a1b80d35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe917c12-b0045552-77ced48a-f9b1521d-2284d1a5", "study_id": 53995640, "subject_id": 14651619, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.\n Lungs are clear and the pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14651619/s53995640/fe917c12-b0045552-77ced48a-f9b1521d-2284d1a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d76ecda-7b93f8c7-ac802d2e-4e7080a5-3af0b1d3", "study_id": 58540453, "subject_id": 18113914, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18113914/s58540453/1d76ecda-7b93f8c7-ac802d2e-4e7080a5-3af0b1d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85753670-f9f58ba9-7e490e75-de2be637-2aae36b2", "study_id": 56859412, "subject_id": 18853762, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion has progressed since ___. Findings: A single portable AP chest radiograph was obtained. Prominance of\n the upper lobe vasculature has progressed since ___. \n Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. There are no new abnormal\n cardiac or mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18853762/s56859412/85753670-f9f58ba9-7e490e75-de2be637-2aae36b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0163945-068a866e-b5b812a1-d89c669e-cc64e41a", "study_id": 57337446, "subject_id": 11240307, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again a small\n pleural effusion on the left and a more prominent effusion on the right with\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n pneumonia would be difficult to exclude.\n \n The upper two-thirds of both lungs are clear and there is no vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11240307/s57337446/f0163945-068a866e-b5b812a1-d89c669e-cc64e41a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3633f499-d5db7880-169ec72b-b5e1c343-b3329fdb", "study_id": 56933188, "subject_id": 12157871, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Specifically, no radiographic explanation for chest\n pain. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate fully expanded and clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pleural surfaces are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12157871/s56933188/3633f499-d5db7880-169ec72b-b5e1c343-b3329fdb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e59ac56a-4c403d81-fd07f39e-e2e2abac-d778bf1a", "study_id": 54872196, "subject_id": 19680953, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pacer leads are in\n standard position with tips in the right atrium and right ventricle. There\n appears to be a coronary stent. . The lungs are hyperinflated and grossly\n clear. There is biapical pleural - parenchyma scarring There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p19/p19680953/s54872196/e59ac56a-4c403d81-fd07f39e-e2e2abac-d778bf1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b5ddff0-23faf6f6-7ea6b626-e15b2293-89bc5a20", "study_id": 54288859, "subject_id": 10316237, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumonia.\n 2. Cardiomegaly without vascular congestion. Differential includes\n cardiomyopathy versus pericardial effusion. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Moderate cardiomegaly\n appears stable. Hilar contour is normal. There are no pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10316237/s54288859/0b5ddff0-23faf6f6-7ea6b626-e15b2293-89bc5a20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d67d7b51-a0be2be1-ee7fb0ab-0ae1e53c-2279fd27", "study_id": 52759268, "subject_id": 19978290, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19978290/s52759268/d67d7b51-a0be2be1-ee7fb0ab-0ae1e53c-2279fd27.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82460652-e7f5075a-44798f6a-cfd415d2-97453bad", "study_id": 56851516, "subject_id": 14715644, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. Multiple old left-sided\n rib fractures involving at least the posterior left eighth and ninth ribs are\n again seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14715644/s56851516/82460652-e7f5075a-44798f6a-cfd415d2-97453bad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43a9edde-f86f0781-562d2c12-c9640fd4-ebac290a", "study_id": 54579522, "subject_id": 12791607, "report": "impression: Slight worsening in appearance of the lower lobes/effusions. Findings: Again seen are bilateral lower lobe infiltrates and volume loss with\n associated effusion. The amount of volume loss and effusion of increased\n compared to the prior exam the upper lungs are clear", "image_path": [ "p12/p12791607/s54579522/43a9edde-f86f0781-562d2c12-c9640fd4-ebac290a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78b566ae-00588fcc-4362efe0-9fe2ce60-eb620bac", "study_id": 52283528, "subject_id": 15641930, "report": "impression: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. Increase in\n perihilar opacities particularly in the right upper, lower, left perihilar\n region while could relate to worsened pulmonary edema, but underlying\n consolidation due to infection and/or aspiration not excluded. Findings: The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged although slightly less\n prominent as compared to the prior study. The aortic knob remains calcified. \n There is increase in perihilar opacities compared to the prior study of note\n in the right upper and lower lobe as well as in the left perihilar region,\n findings which may be due to worsened asymmetric pulmonary edema, however,\n underlying consolidation due to infection or aspiration is not excluded. No\n large pleural effusion is seen. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. \n Compression of at least one vertebral body at thoracolumbar junction not seen\n on the lateral view is of indeterminate age.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15641930/s52283528/78b566ae-00588fcc-4362efe0-9fe2ce60-eb620bac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8656f9c0-157cf6a0-74a83e66-4a209009-955051b9", "study_id": 56948889, "subject_id": 18298823, "report": "impression: There is little change from ___. Stable right moderate pleural effusion\n persists with right basilar atelectasis and possible superimposed right lower\n lobe pneumonia. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged from ___ with mild\n pulmonary interstitial edema. Findings: Lung volumes are increased from ___. Right moderate pleural effusion is\n stable from ___. Right basilar atelectasis is mildly worse from ___.\n A concurrent right lower lobe pneumonia cannot be ruled out. Persistent\n cardiomegaly from ___. Engorged pulmonary vessels are seen\n bilaterally with mild pulmonary interstitial edema. Left lung is clear. There\n is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal borders and hilar structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18298823/s56948889/8656f9c0-157cf6a0-74a83e66-4a209009-955051b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d08f0f1c-8b68a02d-09b3e42b-418ac935-b302082c", "study_id": 59608895, "subject_id": 10024982, "report": "impression: Moderate edema with new asymmetric increased edema in the right upper lobe\n which can be seen in the setting of mitral regurgitation. Correlate with\n clinical history. Findings: ETT in standard position. Left cardiac pacemaker device is unchanged. Median\n sternotomy wires and multiple mediastinal clips are unchanged. Heart remains\n moderate to severely enlarged. Lung volumes remain low. Moderate edema\n persists, with interval increased opacity in the right upper lobe; this\n asymmetric edema can be seen in the setting of mitral regurgitation. No large\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10024982/s59608895/d08f0f1c-8b68a02d-09b3e42b-418ac935-b302082c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0753b3b2-abb448bf-738fa5d0-ad297b10-213f8d04", "study_id": 50545419, "subject_id": 16843799, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The relatively low lung\n volumes. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is\n calcified and tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16843799/s50545419/0753b3b2-abb448bf-738fa5d0-ad297b10-213f8d04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdee8b57-1b2ec7c6-f56d38a5-9248ef3a-af0dcca7", "study_id": 57278878, "subject_id": 14689985, "report": "impression: Persistent small right pleural effusion and bibasilar atelectasis without\n definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Small right-sided pleural effusion is\n again noted. Linear bibasilar opacities are most suggestive of atelectasis. \n Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. Tracheostomy tube remains in place. Left\n PICC is no longer visualized. Single lead right chest wall pacing device is\n seen with tip in the right ventricle. Osseous and soft tissue structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14689985/s57278878/bdee8b57-1b2ec7c6-f56d38a5-9248ef3a-af0dcca7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd462118-c159fe4d-d149ecae-ac0f6a59-6da6f56c", "study_id": 58994505, "subject_id": 18055967, "report": "impression: No evidence of active or latent TB. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18055967/s58994505/dd462118-c159fe4d-d149ecae-ac0f6a59-6da6f56c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ee4a579-15d019cf-7a30f011-7916871e-1717503d", "study_id": 59297730, "subject_id": 13644233, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are\n well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pneumomediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13644233/s59297730/7ee4a579-15d019cf-7a30f011-7916871e-1717503d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16b9c940-4ebf61ae-6c1081d3-e9c66db3-0a35c632", "study_id": 56888589, "subject_id": 11674436, "report": "impression: Medial right base opacity is felt to most likely be due to\n overlap of structures; however, given history of hemoptysis, should consider\n non-urgent chest CT, which is more sensitive. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Subtle\n medial right base opacity is felt to likely be due to overlap of structures. \n No definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11674436/s56888589/16b9c940-4ebf61ae-6c1081d3-e9c66db3-0a35c632.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b86a2cdb-61446bf6-bdc5926f-f21d9960-920e9518", "study_id": 54794753, "subject_id": 16988247, "report": "impression: Increased density of the posterior lung base on lateral view only which may\n represent pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is increased density at the posterior lung\n base on lateral view only without definite frontal correlate. Lungs are\n otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16988247/s54794753/b86a2cdb-61446bf6-bdc5926f-f21d9960-920e9518.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96bba323-3b793200-11395fdc-cf998b39-7d224086", "study_id": 53412437, "subject_id": 11331754, "report": "impression: Extensive opacification in the right lower lung most consistent\n with pneumonia. Follow-up radiographs are recommended within eight weeks in\n order to show resolution. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear within normal limits. There is extensive\n opacification of the right lower lung, mostly involving the right lower lobe,\n which is largely consolidated perhaps with a right middle lobe component of\n opacification. The left lung remains clear. There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11331754/s53412437/96bba323-3b793200-11395fdc-cf998b39-7d224086.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9cc6bc7b-badf802c-5380008f-0166f628-73b9cb84", "study_id": 55805997, "subject_id": 19820301, "report": "impression: Lines and tubes as described. No pneumothorax detected.\n \n Likely vascular plethora and scattered parenchymal opacities. Comparison to\n the prior film is quite limited due to differences in position and technique. \n No definite worsening. Possible slight improvement in the left upper zone. \n Hemidiaphragms remain well-defined. No gross effusion detected on either\n side. Findings: Markedly rotated and lordotic positioning, which makes comparison to the prior\n film challenging. Inspiratory volumes are slightly low.\n \n An ET tube is present, the tip lies approximately 3.7 cm above the carina. An\n NG tube is present, the tip extends beneath the diaphragm and overlies the\n gastric fundus. A right IJ sheath is seen. Allowing for rotation, this\n probably similar to the prior study. No pneumothorax is detected.\n \n The cardiac silhouette is quite difficult to assess due to extreme differences\n in positioning. Likely vascular plethora and scattered parenchymal opacities.\n On the right, the appearance is probably similar to the prior study. No gross\n right effusion.\n \n On left, comparison to the prior study is quite difficult due to differences\n in positioning. No definite interval change on the left. No gross left\n effusion.\n \n Right and left hemidiaphragms remain well defined.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19820301/s55805997/9cc6bc7b-badf802c-5380008f-0166f628-73b9cb84.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcda4161-f53f594f-0254a6bf-23a91280-8eb17e2a", "study_id": 57986724, "subject_id": 19825865, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Increased opacity adjacent to the right cardiac border is secondary to\n visualized pectus excavatum. Otherwise, cardiomediastinal hilar contours are\n within normal limits. Lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no evidence of\n latent or active TB.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19825865/s57986724/fcda4161-f53f594f-0254a6bf-23a91280-8eb17e2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd740b0b-13b1737a-3ab99ad6-cf784494-f9048ba4", "study_id": 52826998, "subject_id": 10398333, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe opacity, may represent pneumonia in the right clinical\n setting. Findings: The heart size is top-normal. The lungs are well inflated. There is right\n basal opacity with bronchial wall thickening, which may represent right middle\n lobe pneumonia. Small bibasilar pleural effusions is possible. There is no\n pneumothorax. The mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. \n The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10398333/s52826998/fd740b0b-13b1737a-3ab99ad6-cf784494-f9048ba4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "990c0e87-b472978d-b99e85ea-2df9cd3e-23dd5635", "study_id": 52650987, "subject_id": 17561108, "report": "impression: Slight decrease in large right loculated pleural effusion,\n possibly due to hemothorax given provided clinical history. Findings: Large loculated right pleural effusion appears similar to the\n recent study with dominant 7.5 cm loculated component laterally in the right\n mid-to-lower hemithorax. Adjacent area of contiguous pleural fluid extending\n to the right mediastinal contour has slightly improved, however. \n Circumferential right pleural opacity which likely represents a combination of\n pleural thickening and fluid is otherwise unchanged. Volume loss persists in\n the right hemithorax. Heart remains enlarged and there is persistent\n mediastinal widening on the right. Left lung is grossly clear, and there is\n no evidence of left pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17561108/s52650987/990c0e87-b472978d-b99e85ea-2df9cd3e-23dd5635.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50e3c100-ae8bf72c-e1671b7e-83d091dc-23c4d531", "study_id": 50789912, "subject_id": 19103939, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19103939/s50789912/50e3c100-ae8bf72c-e1671b7e-83d091dc-23c4d531.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b2ecc83-973f3613-3c87e61e-61902f3b-7fb34ba2", "study_id": 56244122, "subject_id": 10866278, "report": "impression: Interval improvement of the bilateral pulmonary edema. No new\n focal consolidations concerning for infection are identified. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged. There has been interval\n improvement of the mediastinal vascular engorgement. There has been interval\n improvement of the previously seen diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema. No new\n focal consolidations concerning for infection is identified. There is a small\n left pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Again seen are streaky mid\n left lung opacities consistent with atelectasis.\n \n Again seen are old bilateral rib fractures with evidence of callus formation. \n Multilevel degenerative changes are seen throughout the thoracic spine,\n including stable compression deformities of the lower thoracic spine, better\n assessed on the skeletal survey from ___.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10866278/s56244122/2b2ecc83-973f3613-3c87e61e-61902f3b-7fb34ba2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bec3fe2-29484695-cc45491f-da7d228a-dad72370", "study_id": 55199133, "subject_id": 17483332, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Hyperinflated lungs.\n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17483332/s55199133/9bec3fe2-29484695-cc45491f-da7d228a-dad72370.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2791077e-6348704a-6f156fc0-80773eb0-1afd5c0d", "study_id": 52593380, "subject_id": 17226266, "report": "No prior studies for comparison.\n \n The heart size is within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures\n are intact. There is a paucity of soft tissues.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17226266/s52593380/2791077e-6348704a-6f156fc0-80773eb0-1afd5c0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdab3c41-76242046-46b140d7-d0768603-1ecbff35", "study_id": 59068983, "subject_id": 14941817, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal\n opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are normal. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14941817/s59068983/fdab3c41-76242046-46b140d7-d0768603-1ecbff35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6bfd10b2-dde68dd1-7950c616-8fec1197-a00a0a14", "study_id": 59254443, "subject_id": 10313068, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Lung volumes are low causing bronchovascular crowding. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal in size. Prominent interstitial lung markings are likely\n due to chronic lung disease. Small bone island projecting in the region of\n the right scapula.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10313068/s59254443/6bfd10b2-dde68dd1-7950c616-8fec1197-a00a0a14.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8dba60e-539a419b-bb10444d-e9ea0026-83d4011e", "study_id": 55380184, "subject_id": 16924121, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16924121/s55380184/e8dba60e-539a419b-bb10444d-e9ea0026-83d4011e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0388829a-b9ba36f2-f10c4fc5-402e3d81-4dde5d13", "study_id": 55667976, "subject_id": 11327015, "report": "impression: Subtle left base retrocardiac opacity may be due to atelectasis and vascular\n structures although an early consolidation due to infection or aspiration is\n not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Otherwise, no significant\n interval change. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG.Subtle left base\n retrocardiac opacity may be due to atelectasis and vascular structures\n although an early consolidation due to infection or aspiration is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11327015/s55667976/0388829a-b9ba36f2-f10c4fc5-402e3d81-4dde5d13.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f4059b6-3a840763-bcbe5276-930c737a-a6ab5c51", "study_id": 50774092, "subject_id": 16686301, "report": "impression: Patchy opacities in the lung bases, more pronounced on the left, may reflect\n infection or aspiration. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The aorta is mildly unfolded. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Patchy opacities are noted in the lung bases, more pronounced on\n the left, concerning for infection or aspiration. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are seen\n in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16686301/s50774092/0f4059b6-3a840763-bcbe5276-930c737a-a6ab5c51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d94a583b-fde19323-9b074ef3-519385ea-24711940", "study_id": 55311529, "subject_id": 14698262, "report": "impression: Subtle peripheral right upper lobe densities seen on frontal view\n only, concerning for pneumonia.\n \n Results were discussed over the telephone with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ at 4:30 p.m. on ___ immediately at the time of\n initial interpretation. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There are subtle right upper lobe opacities seen on frontal view only. Lungs\n are otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14698262/s55311529/d94a583b-fde19323-9b074ef3-519385ea-24711940.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c223fd1-e35a34d2-9b802748-8aec1c95-70c7b9dd", "study_id": 58317461, "subject_id": 12018177, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Right lung base pleural based scarring and\n possible residual trace right-sided effusion. Findings: Right midlung linear opacity, pleural based opacity in blunting of the right\n lateral costophrenic angles likely due to pleural thickening and scarring with\n possible trace residual effusion. No large left pleural effusion. Calcified\n left apical granuloma is noted. Right chest wall dual lumen central venous\n catheter is again noted. The lungs are otherwise clear. Cardiac silhouette\n is mildly enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. \n Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12018177/s58317461/9c223fd1-e35a34d2-9b802748-8aec1c95-70c7b9dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "017f0ff3-a88b9d91-6edac426-5ea460c3-4c64990d", "study_id": 56393701, "subject_id": 16440465, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe consolidation vs atelectasis.\n \n Per ED discharge note from ___, patient is being treated for\n pneumonia. Findings: ___", "image_path": [ "p16/p16440465/s56393701/017f0ff3-a88b9d91-6edac426-5ea460c3-4c64990d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2dd7488b-e84cc30f-2d46d1e0-cbae76f2-ac82ee20", "study_id": 59664159, "subject_id": 12603327, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the patient has taken a much\n better inspiration. Indeed, there is evidence of chronic pulmonary disease\n without acute focal pneumonia. Central catheter remains in place.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12603327/s59664159/2dd7488b-e84cc30f-2d46d1e0-cbae76f2-ac82ee20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbc81928-9fdb2685-269cc527-7d4a9517-28c5b6ae", "study_id": 57809368, "subject_id": 10878836, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly without a superimposed acute pulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The heart is mildly enlarged,\n unchanged from 3 days prior. There is no evidence for pulmonary edema. The\n mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10878836/s57809368/bbc81928-9fdb2685-269cc527-7d4a9517-28c5b6ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf35fe30-b84ee58a-dfc8f21f-38f29f24-df38ced9", "study_id": 56996090, "subject_id": 16833478, "report": "impression: Stable left apical pneumothorax. Findings: Ats come to radiograph from the day prior, left-sided pigtail catheter in\n similar position. Small apical left pneumothorax is unchanged. Left moderate\n pleural effusion is stable. Small right pleural effusion is also stable. \n Bibasal opacities have improved.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16833478/s56996090/bf35fe30-b84ee58a-dfc8f21f-38f29f24-df38ced9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "72877ec4-aa271eab-694fafde-5118a7ec-cc4148f2", "study_id": 55959315, "subject_id": 16562665, "report": "impression: The right-sided pneumothorax is similar to slightly increased in extent when\n compared to the prior study. Small amount of pleural fluid noted bilaterally. Findings: A pigtail catheter is in-situ, coiled in the right upper lung. There is\n persistent visualization of a an apical right-sided pneumothorax. Probable\n small amount of fluid in the right pleural space. This is similar to slightly\n increased when compared to the prior study. Linear atelectasis is noted in\n the right mid lung. Subcutaneous emphysema is unchanged compared to the prior\n study. Left lung remains clear with a small left pleural effusion. The\n cardiomediastinal contour is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16562665/s55959315/72877ec4-aa271eab-694fafde-5118a7ec-cc4148f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd0a465d-7dfdc7f0-598f781b-d5600862-640825f8", "study_id": 59957054, "subject_id": 13403622, "report": "Large mass adjacent to the aortic arch is consistent with aortic\n arch pseudoaneurysm previously imaged by chest CTA in ___. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged and accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion. \n New diffuse heterogeneous opacities in the right lung could reflect\n asymmetrical pulmonary edema or acute aspiration event, and note is also made\n of a new patchy opacity at the left base. Moderate right and small left\n pleural effusions are new.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13403622/s59957054/fd0a465d-7dfdc7f0-598f781b-d5600862-640825f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce227067-59b356e1-d8a095aa-bb76dd79-60d2f16b", "study_id": 52459110, "subject_id": 18995174, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18995174/s52459110/ce227067-59b356e1-d8a095aa-bb76dd79-60d2f16b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ee11b3d-40597a21-6a4ecb80-e1984f1d-caf7a1f0", "study_id": 52198246, "subject_id": 19259478, "report": "impression: Worsened pulmonary edema. Findings: There is a new left-sided dual lead pacemaker with tips projecting over the\n expected location. Heart there is increased right-sided pleural effusion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular redistribution and alveolar\n infiltrates, right greater than left compatible with asymmetric pulmonary\n edema that has worsened compared to the film from the prior day. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19259478/s52198246/6ee11b3d-40597a21-6a4ecb80-e1984f1d-caf7a1f0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "411962cd-e760bfcb-58e1db15-dbeb226b-68a843a3", "study_id": 54291635, "subject_id": 13550640, "report": "impression: Bilateral lower lobe volume loss left greater than right. . An underlying\n infectious infiltrate could be present Findings: Lung volumes are low and there is increased opacity at the left base it is\n unclear how much of this is due to volume loss versus an infiltrate. The could\n also be an early infiltrate in the right lower lung.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13550640/s54291635/411962cd-e760bfcb-58e1db15-dbeb226b-68a843a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "34340bd1-aa7e29af-893a8739-637c5bd2-cb22a31b", "study_id": 54755393, "subject_id": 12623286, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n Results were telephoned to Dr. ___ at 1:15 p.m. ___ by Dr. ___. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12623286/s54755393/34340bd1-aa7e29af-893a8739-637c5bd2-cb22a31b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "961e7800-289df9f0-bb0c3d00-40956195-dd7087c1", "study_id": 51221724, "subject_id": 11244458, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. Post-surgical changes are again seen at the left base, but there is\n no evidence of acute pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion. \n Cardiac silhouette appears at the upper limits of normal in size on this\n study.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11244458/s51221724/961e7800-289df9f0-bb0c3d00-40956195-dd7087c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "621552e4-cd53e9ea-e5452af9-ed5bf54a-a8b57582", "study_id": 58017631, "subject_id": 18863512, "report": "impression: No acute abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. The\n lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18863512/s58017631/621552e4-cd53e9ea-e5452af9-ed5bf54a-a8b57582.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d6ecdf9-9b9da392-91108dbf-4e7b9dbd-45ffe888", "study_id": 52890480, "subject_id": 10728002, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with suspected atelectasis in the left lung base. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hila are normal. Low lung volumes. Linear\n opacification the left lung base most likely represents atelectasis. No lobar\n consolidation. No pleural effusion. Surgical clips in situ in the right\n breast and right chest wall.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10728002/s52890480/9d6ecdf9-9b9da392-91108dbf-4e7b9dbd-45ffe888.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "587eb618-d36dd089-51d1d96c-b5ade3af-d1dddffb", "study_id": 57206979, "subject_id": 15680725, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process noting low lung volumes. Findings: The lung volumes are low noted with secondary crowding of the bronchovascular\n markings. There is no confluent consolidation. There is no large effusion\n although small effusions are possible. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n accentuated by low lung volumes and not changed from prior. No acute osseous\n abnormalities", "image_path": [ "p15/p15680725/s57206979/587eb618-d36dd089-51d1d96c-b5ade3af-d1dddffb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c83955c1-fb2f9181-1c05e295-d43277f4-f9319254", "study_id": 50362015, "subject_id": 13933383, "report": "impression: The exam is unchanged since ___ with no acute findings. If clinical suspicion\n for malignancy is high, consider CT. Findings: There is no new lung consolidation. The lingular scarring from prior\n radiation therapy from breast cancer is unchanged. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13933383/s50362015/c83955c1-fb2f9181-1c05e295-d43277f4-f9319254.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "509e4e84-645ed88a-0ba90fad-33defff4-4ab6bb5a", "study_id": 54827593, "subject_id": 10869865, "report": "impression: No pneumonia.\n \n Enlarged, probably chronically dissected thoracic aorta. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated. The heart is not enlarged. The aorta is markedly\n tortuous and enlarged. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \n Pacemaker device is present, with leads ending in the right atrium and right\n ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10869865/s54827593/509e4e84-645ed88a-0ba90fad-33defff4-4ab6bb5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23cef3d7-a2c740b6-c8e3d300-4ed95f07-1b10eeb4", "study_id": 57150482, "subject_id": 13887637, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has improved. \n The existing pulmonary edema is almost completely resolved. Borderline size\n of the cardiac silhouette without evidence of current pneumonia. No pleural\n effusions. Normal hilar and mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13887637/s57150482/23cef3d7-a2c740b6-c8e3d300-4ed95f07-1b10eeb4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "430fc595-811917ba-51858bdd-60ce8fcc-6cbe41d3", "study_id": 50162254, "subject_id": 10829415, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. Degenerative spurring in the thoracic spine\n noted anteriorly. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10829415/s50162254/430fc595-811917ba-51858bdd-60ce8fcc-6cbe41d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e6212a8-16ceaf92-6076efb4-5dad8018-6c966655", "study_id": 51781057, "subject_id": 16110166, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Note is made of\n an azygos lobe. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous\n structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p16/p16110166/s51781057/3e6212a8-16ceaf92-6076efb4-5dad8018-6c966655.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "512704c7-d6527c8d-e54eb4f0-0919d83b-a6149364", "study_id": 57460636, "subject_id": 16006840, "report": "impression: PROBABLE BIBASILAR ATELECTASIS. MILD VASCULAR PLETHORA. IF THERE IS ONGOING\n CONCERN FOR POSSIBLE PNEUMONIC INFILTRATE, THEN A LATERAL VIEW MAY HELP FOR\n FURTHER ASSESSMENT. Findings: THERE ARE LOW INSPIRATORY VOLUMES. THE CARDIOMEDIASTINAL SILHOUETTE IS\n PROMINENT, BUT UNCHANGED. THERE IS UPPER ZONE REDISTRIBUTION AM MILD VASCULAR\n PLETHORA, ALSO UNCHANGED. MINIMAL PATCHY OPACITY AT BOTH LUNG BASES. IN THE\n SETTING OF LOW LUNG VOLUMES, THIS MOST LIKELY REPRESENTS ATELECTASIS. NO\n DEFINITE CONSOLIDATION. NO GROSS EFFUSION.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16006840/s57460636/512704c7-d6527c8d-e54eb4f0-0919d83b-a6149364.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e26b716-21344567-f1df219c-9d549d4e-08f13068", "study_id": 52079257, "subject_id": 19978454, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19978454/s52079257/2e26b716-21344567-f1df219c-9d549d4e-08f13068.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a007808c-e6ba90d1-3680079f-0f745c9b-f5579b5c", "study_id": 53261528, "subject_id": 17714175, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Interval development of left basilar\n atelectasis. Findings: Since the prior examination, there is worsening of mild left basilar\n atelectasis. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for pneumonia. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating\n marked tortuosity of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17714175/s53261528/a007808c-e6ba90d1-3680079f-0f745c9b-f5579b5c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe285856-1fae1696-856f3a4c-9b29ad8b-65075c0e", "study_id": 51014422, "subject_id": 19159928, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The lung volumes are normal. There is no indication for interstitial\n lung disease. Coronary calcifications and normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. Moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19159928/s51014422/fe285856-1fae1696-856f3a4c-9b29ad8b-65075c0e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37a942f1-e7af0b95-a93a21e4-dcd36a77-510d3b67", "study_id": 58604562, "subject_id": 14937158, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Moderate-sized hiatal hernia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart\n size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Midline retrocardiac\n opacity is consistent with a moderate sized hiatal hernia. No radiopaque\n foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14937158/s58604562/37a942f1-e7af0b95-a93a21e4-dcd36a77-510d3b67.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de167786-fd0c8b92-e1933a92-3e74c602-388f5a7b", "study_id": 57740840, "subject_id": 10718603, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without consolidation\n or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10718603/s57740840/de167786-fd0c8b92-e1933a92-3e74c602-388f5a7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9ee459f9-b0d0df8a-cb6dcc16-2a217b5e-54b9c31f", "study_id": 57652839, "subject_id": 13716770, "report": "impression: Large right pneumothorax Findings: There has been interval decrease in the right pleural effusion. However there\n is also a large right pneumothorax. At the time of dictating this report a\n followup film had already been ordered. There is severe right lower lobe\n volume loss with some increased opacity in the right lower lobe that may be\n due to re-expansion edema. The left lung is clear", "image_path": [ "p13/p13716770/s57652839/9ee459f9-b0d0df8a-cb6dcc16-2a217b5e-54b9c31f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8dfa1dca-57e74ba2-5e117a59-8c3f1671-b1ba6958", "study_id": 58600706, "subject_id": 15547667, "report": "impression: There is no radiologic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is no evidence of pneumonia. The lungs are clear. The patient has a\n history of left arm melanoma with wedge resection in the left lung that is\n unchanged. The mediastinal and cardiac contour is within normal limits. \n There is no pneumothorax and no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15547667/s58600706/8dfa1dca-57e74ba2-5e117a59-8c3f1671-b1ba6958.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4388caa2-d4376790-6342aeab-db2c797c-478b109a", "study_id": 53048569, "subject_id": 16921793, "report": "impression: 1. Increased opacification within the right middle and lower lobe, concerning\n for infectious etiology such as pneumonia, although asymmetric pulmonary edema\n may be considered.\n 2. Persistent severe enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. \n 3. Unchanged small right pleural effusion.\n 4. Multiple thoracic vertebral compression fractures, better delineated on\n the CTA chest of ___. Findings: Severe cardiomegaly persists. Compared to the prior examination,\n there is increased opacity projecting over the middle and lower lobe with\n silhouetting of the right heart border. There is a moderate right pleural\n effusion, similar to the prior examination. Multiple thoracic vertebral\n compression fractures are better delineated on the CTA chest of ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16921793/s53048569/4388caa2-d4376790-6342aeab-db2c797c-478b109a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "250a1752-10fc7eb6-530db47e-fd35e802-87740b25", "study_id": 50759258, "subject_id": 10951083, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10951083/s50759258/250a1752-10fc7eb6-530db47e-fd35e802-87740b25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "21c1e383-3d538d41-81170305-12babdeb-11e226f7", "study_id": 57697483, "subject_id": 16432133, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and\n pleural surfaces are unremarkable. Surgical clips are noted in the mid to\n left left upper quadrant. No pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion. No focal consolidations are identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16432133/s57697483/21c1e383-3d538d41-81170305-12babdeb-11e226f7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a20be5e-e4755855-6c698a08-30308601-a8848e0e", "study_id": 57273657, "subject_id": 15306421, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is demonstrated. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15306421/s57273657/0a20be5e-e4755855-6c698a08-30308601-a8848e0e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "737b3264-6e1452fb-a9596835-68810d2b-fe422898", "study_id": 50564546, "subject_id": 12426329, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12426329/s50564546/737b3264-6e1452fb-a9596835-68810d2b-fe422898.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6004d7f3-699775d6-7beb8880-62a4dfd8-4db7a52b", "study_id": 57950924, "subject_id": 17128361, "report": "impression: New RUL and RML pneumonia. Recommend chest x-ray in ___ weeks after treatment\n to document resolution. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, there has been interval development of a new right\n upper lobe and right middle lobe consolidation, which is compatible with\n pneumonia. The left lung is clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The\n mediastinum and hila within normal limits. The opacity adjacent to the right\n cardiophrenic angle is likely due to prominent pericardial fat, which was seen\n on the ___ CT abdomen. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17128361/s57950924/6004d7f3-699775d6-7beb8880-62a4dfd8-4db7a52b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "40657901-b8ac2953-bc2185e6-ff389268-b669cba6", "study_id": 59072868, "subject_id": 18456681, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear\n clear aside from minor atelectasis at the lung bases. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Hemidiaphragms are flattened. Patient is status\n post bilateral shoulder replacements, incompletely characterized. Similar\n degenerative changes are present along mid thoracic levels.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18456681/s59072868/40657901-b8ac2953-bc2185e6-ff389268-b669cba6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "972e2188-e7c0906b-3d6dd38d-45128bda-78f86121", "study_id": 55091006, "subject_id": 17747104, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal opacity, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17747104/s55091006/972e2188-e7c0906b-3d6dd38d-45128bda-78f86121.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c1f19c3-422201f9-241efcad-0aead373-db7a2511", "study_id": 53640837, "subject_id": 18521412, "report": "impression: Considering the history of recent chemoembolization in the liver,\n the pleural effusion may be a reaction to this event. Amount is small. \n Suggest a followup examination in a week unless patient shows increased\n symptoms. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar chest examination ___ ___. There is status post sternotomy\n and bypass surgery as before. Observed that a rounded needle fragment is\n again observed just on top of the sternotomy sutures seen on frontal and\n lateral view. The patient's heart size remains completely unchanged. No\n pulmonary congestive pattern is identified. There is now evidence of a small\n amount of pleural effusion blunting the right lateral pleural sinus and\n extending into a small amount of pleural effusion accumulating in the\n dependent posterior pleural sinus. The amount is small. No pneumothorax has\n developed.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18521412/s53640837/0c1f19c3-422201f9-241efcad-0aead373-db7a2511.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f79c37d-44cb5e08-1d32f4b1-8fa5b4b6-10f41830", "study_id": 57543551, "subject_id": 17478781, "report": "impression: No pleural effusion. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17478781/s57543551/2f79c37d-44cb5e08-1d32f4b1-8fa5b4b6-10f41830.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7dedf75f-5f7a39f7-9ed6668b-ca53516f-4042128e", "study_id": 53091812, "subject_id": 16572181, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe consolidation compatible with pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting. Repeat after treatment is recommended to\n document resolution. \n Lower thoracic and upper lumbar mild compression deformities which are age\n indeterminant. Clinical correlation is suggested. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. No prior.\n \n The lungs are hyperinflated. There is a focal opacity identified in the right\n lower lobe. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear of focal consolidation. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged. Osseous structures are notable for anterior cervical\n spine fixation hardware. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine with mild\n compression deformities in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine, age\n indeterminate.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16572181/s53091812/7dedf75f-5f7a39f7-9ed6668b-ca53516f-4042128e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f43fd8c8-f013d2b7-3195cbce-7cc6e186-0fbe9fb7", "study_id": 59157417, "subject_id": 13628670, "report": "Compared to the prior study, the heart is mildly larger; however,\n the amount of vascular plethora is decreased on the lateral film. There are\n bilateral pleural effusions. There is a small amount of volume loss in both\n lower lobes. Upper lungs are clear. Dual-lead pacemaker and sternal wires\n are again visualized.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13628670/s59157417/f43fd8c8-f013d2b7-3195cbce-7cc6e186-0fbe9fb7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6364488-7cc1e806-5284f350-1c703484-18338450", "study_id": 53112757, "subject_id": 19615440, "report": "Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, and is accompanied by pulmonary\n vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema, the latter likely\n superimposed upon chronic underlying lung disease. Left hilum appears\n enlarged, with adjacent geographically marginated opacities which may\n correspond to previous history of radiation therapy for advanced lung cancer. \n Bilateral small pleural effusions appear similar to the prior radiograph as\n well as left apicolateral pleural thickening.\n \n Consider a dedicated chest CT for more complete evaluation of the left hilar\n region to monitor the patient's lung cancer, particularly in the absence of\n more remote comparison radiographs.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19615440/s53112757/d6364488-7cc1e806-5284f350-1c703484-18338450.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05c43fe5-0b980ca5-2282a41b-1b235f09-f8da672f", "study_id": 53834748, "subject_id": 19639163, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. The patient is rotated slightly to\n the left. Given this, no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Degenerative changes are seen along the spine, though not\n optimally evaluated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19639163/s53834748/05c43fe5-0b980ca5-2282a41b-1b235f09-f8da672f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1f907e5-a98a655e-7cf6c2f2-1e17e5a1-2b40bbcf", "study_id": 53188851, "subject_id": 17117948, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax.\n Right-sided central line terminates in the distal SVC upper at the cavoatrial\n junction. EKG leads overlie the chest wall. A small lucency projecting over\n the midline in the lower mediastinum likely represents a hiatus hernia and was\n also present, an unchanged since the prior radiograph dated ___.\n Visualized bones are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17117948/s53188851/d1f907e5-a98a655e-7cf6c2f2-1e17e5a1-2b40bbcf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1eb09511-6a966602-3f963434-e69fb5f8-90e10f37", "study_id": 59058970, "subject_id": 15185183, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary abnormality. Known intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and T6\n pathologic compression fracture have been more fully assessed by a outside PET\n CT of 1 day earlier. Please refer to the official report of that study. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are remarkable for right\n paratracheal and right hilar fullness, corresponding to areas of\n lymphadenopathy on outside PET-CT of ___. . The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. Known T6 pathologic compression fracture is not well evaluated on\n this single portable radiograph and has presumably been assessed by previous\n studies including a PET-CT of ___. .", "image_path": [ "p15/p15185183/s59058970/1eb09511-6a966602-3f963434-e69fb5f8-90e10f37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3797db97-9d956d35-7023f57c-a8defcfd-b77cede7", "study_id": 59279131, "subject_id": 11619572, "report": "impression: New left-sided PICC terminating in the mid SVC. No complications. Findings: There has been interval placement of new left-sided PICC with its tip\n terminating in mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. There has been interval\n resolution of bilateral pleural effusion and no new effusion is seen. The\n heart is mildly enlarged. The hilar and mediastinal contour appear normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11619572/s59279131/3797db97-9d956d35-7023f57c-a8defcfd-b77cede7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3568198-d95dc0e6-811c150a-91cc15a2-5db55475", "study_id": 53804706, "subject_id": 18212113, "report": "impression: Slightly limited due to patient motion. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is been interval removal of the right internal jugular approach central\n venous catheter. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are well-expanded and clear\n without focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Previously seen\n bilateral pleural effusions and atelectasis are resolved. Enteric contrast is\n again seen within the partially imaged colon. Median sternotomy wires are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18212113/s53804706/e3568198-d95dc0e6-811c150a-91cc15a2-5db55475.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c1db8806-4bab1ac3-8d3a4b0b-4559cecf-081ef248", "study_id": 59633067, "subject_id": 11552741, "report": "impression: Interval insertion of a right-sided chest tube, with the tip difficult to see\n and it courses towards the mediastinum.\n \n Interval decrease in the right pleural effusion. Findings: Interval insertion of a right-sided chest tube, with the tip difficult to see\n and it courses towards the mediastinum. No pneumothorax. The right internal\n jugular catheter and ET tube are stable. Interval decrease in the right-sided\n pleural effusion. The airspace opacity and left effusion have not\n significantly changed. Mild vascular pulmonary congestion persists with\n moderate cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11552741/s59633067/c1db8806-4bab1ac3-8d3a4b0b-4559cecf-081ef248.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d297e48-41120c83-77069d09-27e4ccf6-6fab31f2", "study_id": 51080488, "subject_id": 18322831, "report": "impression: Mild new interstitial process; mild vascular congestion could be considered.\n Other possible etiologies include atypical infection or airway inflammation. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is a mild interstitial process with cuffed\n airways but no focal opacification. Mild anterior wedging of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body appears unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18322831/s51080488/8d297e48-41120c83-77069d09-27e4ccf6-6fab31f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "234a889c-7c0c095b-52b47b64-4e650372-86c61ea2", "study_id": 52818552, "subject_id": 13510413, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and linear opacity at the bases, likely\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation or change from prior exam. Findings: Lung volumes are low, similar to the prior exam. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Linear opacity at the bases\n is likely atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate\n in the setting of low lung volumes. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13510413/s52818552/234a889c-7c0c095b-52b47b64-4e650372-86c61ea2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1035d3e-ba962aa3-beb3ca81-d34c37f8-61f52fa7", "study_id": 56369175, "subject_id": 15686026, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion with associated left basilar opacification, which\n in the setting of low lung volumes may represent atelectasis. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are decreased with resultant accentuation of\n bronchovascular and cardiomediastinal structures. There is a small left\n pleural effusion with associated left basilar opacification. There is no\n significant pulmonary vascular engorgement. The mediastinum is prominent in\n part due to unfolding of the thoracic aorta. There is minimal calcification of\n the aortic knob. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15686026/s56369175/d1035d3e-ba962aa3-beb3ca81-d34c37f8-61f52fa7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5599f1dc-36504e76-17ad058c-3d895f42-3fff6754", "study_id": 51597018, "subject_id": 16227804, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no definite focal\n consolidation. The lateral view also demonstrates subtle opacification at the\n left base which is probably representative of scarring. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n Prominent anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16227804/s51597018/5599f1dc-36504e76-17ad058c-3d895f42-3fff6754.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7b5a64a-eb36c15a-e0d63ddb-01deb656-901c18e1", "study_id": 50032284, "subject_id": 11997519, "report": "impression: Subtle bibasilar opacities may be due to atelectasis but subtle aspiration or\n early infection not excluded. Findings: Subtle bibasilar opacities may be due to atelectasis however aspiration or\n early infection or not excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11997519/s50032284/d7b5a64a-eb36c15a-e0d63ddb-01deb656-901c18e1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4abf8e05-5f08f9a9-7120373b-73f4474d-661014dd", "study_id": 51343209, "subject_id": 11577197, "report": "impression: Limited study due to low lung volumes and patient rotation. Interval\n development of mild to moderate pulmonary edema. Bibasilar patchy atelectasis\n with possible small left pleural effusion, though infection is not excluded. Findings: Study is limited by patient rotation and low lung volumes. Cardiac silhouette\n size remains moderately enlarged. Dense atherosclerotic calcifications are\n noted at the aortic knob. Mediastinal contours appear grossly unchanged. \n There is new mild to moderate pulmonary edema with perihilar haziness and\n vascular indistinctness. Retrocardiac opacification could reflect atelectasis\n combined with a small left pleural effusion, though pneumonia is not excluded\n in the correct clinical setting. Patchy opacity within the right lung base\n may also reflect an additional area of atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11577197/s51343209/4abf8e05-5f08f9a9-7120373b-73f4474d-661014dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ca355af-bcf9533c-76f9e8c9-1cac60ef-cf6e855a", "study_id": 54213331, "subject_id": 16352262, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16352262/s54213331/0ca355af-bcf9533c-76f9e8c9-1cac60ef-cf6e855a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b19e3cb9-e9151daf-753cd250-ad41290e-cb1a62c9", "study_id": 53654213, "subject_id": 15725633, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Streaky linear opacities at the bases of the lungs are slightly increased from\n the prior exam, and consistent with atelectasis. There is no new opacity to\n suggest pneumonia. There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15725633/s53654213/b19e3cb9-e9151daf-753cd250-ad41290e-cb1a62c9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "195141f8-bc751694-42a479e2-79b711fc-f72f33ec", "study_id": 58074572, "subject_id": 15942452, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Right PICC is seen with tip in the lower SVC. The lungs are clear. There is\n no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15942452/s58074572/195141f8-bc751694-42a479e2-79b711fc-f72f33ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "860526b4-288fea0e-0396fe74-47ba8012-b1bc95d5", "study_id": 54372235, "subject_id": 18632748, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Sternotomy wires and\n aortic valve are noted. Clips are seen within the upper abdomen.\n \n No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Cardiac\n silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. The\n hilar structures and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18632748/s54372235/860526b4-288fea0e-0396fe74-47ba8012-b1bc95d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1548ab8b-35436a8b-c594359c-e2d2af88-2411dad6", "study_id": 51655027, "subject_id": 18244851, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Due to extreme\n kyphotic posture, evaluation through the lung bases is somewhat limited. \n Allowing for this, there is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.\n There are bibasilar linear opacities, which appear stable from prior, may\n represent chronic scarring or atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears grossly stable with a slightly unfolded thoracic aorta. Bony\n structures are intact. There is no compression fracture seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18244851/s51655027/1548ab8b-35436a8b-c594359c-e2d2af88-2411dad6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e53c2a8d-49be6b83-0fb7f8f8-e31fe813-ac819633", "study_id": 57096511, "subject_id": 13242831, "report": "impression: Stable mild cardiomegaly. No pulmonary edema or consolidation. Findings: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is similar to the prior\n examination. Mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Pulmonary vasculature\n are mildly prominent and there is no pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13242831/s57096511/e53c2a8d-49be6b83-0fb7f8f8-e31fe813-ac819633.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78ba1e5f-93a99da2-77a02a0e-1836b1e4-f4ec59c3", "study_id": 55488604, "subject_id": 18597866, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. No displaced fracture identified. The bilateral distal\n clavicles appear shortened. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No displaced\n fracture is identified. There appears to be some bony resorption of the\n distal bilateral clavicles, not fully assessed on this study.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18597866/s55488604/78ba1e5f-93a99da2-77a02a0e-1836b1e4-f4ec59c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceea79cd-783a5952-33a4a90c-a5e09e0a-c13decb3", "study_id": 52836761, "subject_id": 16818299, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary process. Mild unfolding of the aorta, which\n can be seen with aortic stenosis and/or hypertension. Findings: Heart size at the uper limits of normal. Ascending and descending\n aorta slightly unfolded. No chf, focal infiltrate, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16818299/s52836761/ceea79cd-783a5952-33a4a90c-a5e09e0a-c13decb3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "825a79c3-92cd74c7-ea7e3fb0-d1c68a4e-9cb668aa", "study_id": 51017619, "subject_id": 18654690, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Unchanged right middle lobe atelectasis and bilateral scarring.\n Again, a non-emergent CT of the chest is recommended for further\n characterization given persistent middle lobe atelectasis. Findings: Again, there is a triangular-shaped opacity in the right mid lung\n zone, consistent with right middle lobe atelectasis. Scarring in the right\n mid lung zone and along the left base is unchanged. The possible nodular\n opacity in the left upper lung zone appears similar to the prior exams and\n represents the costochondral junction. There is no new opacity, pulmonary\n edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal other than atherosclerotic calcifications at the aortic arch. An\n eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Surgical clips in the\n right upper quadrant are likely from a prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18654690/s51017619/825a79c3-92cd74c7-ea7e3fb0-d1c68a4e-9cb668aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c133402e-d525008e-dc00e094-e07351f6-7b212915", "study_id": 58182442, "subject_id": 10839295, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe pneumonia. Stable left upper lobe nodule and tracheal\n deviation secondary to left thyroid mass. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated with an increased AP diameter. A left upper lobe\n nodule is again seen and is probably stable from previous studies. \n Additionally, there is heterogeneous opacification along the right heart\n border likely consistent with right middle lobe pneumonia. Previous increased\n interstitial lung markings of the lower lung bases have improved since\n ___ study. There is tracheal displacement secondary to a left\n thyroid mass which is stable since ___. No pleural effusion,\n pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10839295/s58182442/c133402e-d525008e-dc00e094-e07351f6-7b212915.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "533a92ad-dd40b032-f5314538-cdc2feed-e9e60de7", "study_id": 57100969, "subject_id": 16840129, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: There is a right lower lobe airspace consolidation. The lungs are otherwise\n clear. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16840129/s57100969/533a92ad-dd40b032-f5314538-cdc2feed-e9e60de7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92f542ad-23aa804e-f7766c4b-4062c0d2-5c8ca809", "study_id": 50101968, "subject_id": 18414171, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with a small right pleural effusion. Age\n indeterminate lower thoracic vertebral body compression deformity for which\n clinical correlation is suggested. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Slightly lower lung volumes\n seen on the current exam. Streaky right mid-to-lower lung opacities are again\n seen, suggestive of scarring. Indistinct pulmonary vascular markings are seen\n throughout. There is a small right-sided pleural effusion. Degree of\n cardiomegaly has not changed. Prosthetic aortic and mitral valve prostheses\n are noted. There is a compression deformity in the lower thoracic spine which\n was not present on prior and is age indeterminate. Enlarged main pulmonary\n artery again seen compatible with pulmonary hypertension.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18414171/s50101968/92f542ad-23aa804e-f7766c4b-4062c0d2-5c8ca809.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c7e4128-2cbdd03e-28fbe4da-346cecb7-58b1404c", "study_id": 52628453, "subject_id": 15332104, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior radiograph from ___ at\n 6:28 a.m.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15332104/s52628453/7c7e4128-2cbdd03e-28fbe4da-346cecb7-58b1404c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c66b7e2-17a30370-5ff2fc97-0296205e-db4028aa", "study_id": 59396295, "subject_id": 11133782, "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There are wires\n projecting over the chest and abdomen. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. \n No free air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11133782/s59396295/2c66b7e2-17a30370-5ff2fc97-0296205e-db4028aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12e21f7f-c6f83308-577e33b3-13b01be6-e8c5528f", "study_id": 58351852, "subject_id": 11476787, "report": "The ET tube, Swan-Ganz catheter, mediastinal drains have been removed. \n Prosthetic heart valve and sternotomy wires are again visualized. There is\n subsegmental mass atelectasis in both lower lungs. There is no pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p11/p11476787/s58351852/12e21f7f-c6f83308-577e33b3-13b01be6-e8c5528f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2413bb6-deeb8a42-22a27abb-6e87d636-87ee8602", "study_id": 53018227, "subject_id": 17871259, "report": "impression: No evidence of infection. Findings: Lung volumes are low and the lungs are clear. The aorta is tortuous. Hila\n are normal. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal in size. Surgical clips overlie\n the neck. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17871259/s53018227/b2413bb6-deeb8a42-22a27abb-6e87d636-87ee8602.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8317517-a91cd30d-95f98ed8-a7ab79a8-75f9ff3a", "study_id": 56071187, "subject_id": 17038950, "report": "impression: Increased interstitial markings are seen bilaterally, raising\n possibility of pulmonary vascular congestion. Superimposed bibasilar\n opacities, potentially due to atelectasis; however, developing consolidation\n from infection is also possible. Clinical correlation suggested. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exams\n from ___.\n \n Despite improved inspiratory effort on the current exam, there is evidence of\n increased interstitial markings throughout, with more confluent opacity at the\n right lung base and on the left laterally. Dense mitral annular\n calcifications are seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise\n unremarkable. Right subclavian central line is seen with tip at the RA-SVC\n junction. Degenerative changes are seen at the shoulders bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17038950/s56071187/e8317517-a91cd30d-95f98ed8-a7ab79a8-75f9ff3a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46f4fbbf-4adca410-791c03c6-4d89c6eb-c20b29fd", "study_id": 56003331, "subject_id": 19933276, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Electronic device overlies the left\n chest wall. Old right lateral rib fractures are identified as well as possibly\n remote prior traumatic changes at the right acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19933276/s56003331/46f4fbbf-4adca410-791c03c6-4d89c6eb-c20b29fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "409c40e6-541f7bcb-2c17cb0e-47c5fc3a-57c78de3", "study_id": 54672744, "subject_id": 13108310, "report": "impression: Increased bibasilar opacities could reflect aspiration. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There are increased interstitial\n markings. Bibasilar opacities could reflect aspiration. There are probable\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Left-sided pacemaker wires terminate in\n the right atrium and right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13108310/s54672744/409c40e6-541f7bcb-2c17cb0e-47c5fc3a-57c78de3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c404942b-aad0a271-d88fe16d-7b74b996-2daea3c4", "study_id": 55149939, "subject_id": 10614625, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are even lower lung\n volumes which may account for much of the prominence of the transverse\n diameter of the heart. Although the retrocardiac region is not well seen,\n there is no evidence of substantial pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10614625/s55149939/c404942b-aad0a271-d88fe16d-7b74b996-2daea3c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a18cc632-b4281866-3c75379e-ec507489-a0cbaba8", "study_id": 59840790, "subject_id": 12773009, "report": "impression: There is no pneumothorax after thoracocentesis on the right side. Residual\n pleural effusion is minimal. Findings: There is no pneumothorax after right-sided thoracocentesis. Residual pleural\n effusion is minimal. Left-sided pleural effusion has slightly increased and\n is moderate with compressive atelectasis. Left apical pneumonia as shown in\n recent CT scan is stable. The cardiac contour is top normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12773009/s59840790/a18cc632-b4281866-3c75379e-ec507489-a0cbaba8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f4b769f-e5acc3b4-91cf6a16-b9fc2d04-a6d58936", "study_id": 59045207, "subject_id": 18485280, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Sternotomy wires appear intact and appropriately aligned. Stable scarring or\n atelectasis at the left base. Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and\n clear. No focal consolidations. No pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18485280/s59045207/6f4b769f-e5acc3b4-91cf6a16-b9fc2d04-a6d58936.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20ed023d-66d61419-14cc3f78-f75fd5a9-fd8f9add", "study_id": 58012712, "subject_id": 10684347, "report": "impression: Chronic interstitial abnormality most pronounced within the right upper lobe\n with bronchiectasis. No new focal consolidation identified. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy, CABG, and coronary artery stenting. \n Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. \n Coarse interstitial opacities with scarring and bronchiectasis are most\n pronounced within the right upper lobe. No new focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. \n Partially imaged is spinal fusion hardware within the lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10684347/s58012712/20ed023d-66d61419-14cc3f78-f75fd5a9-fd8f9add.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7eb9678-2d4bb1c6-15d3c363-ab9bf2eb-074e6f8f", "study_id": 55471628, "subject_id": 12458657, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Calcifications of the aortic arch are\n unchanged. There is mild dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine. The lung\n fields are clear.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458657/s55471628/c7eb9678-2d4bb1c6-15d3c363-ab9bf2eb-074e6f8f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db2b99d5-51a9809d-8b870c55-40256a6e-d0c05d79", "study_id": 57300146, "subject_id": 11319259, "report": "impression: Unchanged mild cardiomegaly. Otherwise normal chest radiograph.\n \n A preliminary read was provided by ___, MD, to ___, NP,\n at ___ on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate well expanded clear lungs. \n Mild cardiomegaly is redemonstrated. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11319259/s57300146/db2b99d5-51a9809d-8b870c55-40256a6e-d0c05d79.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50eaa03c-99b6de60-b3bf5979-75410fa0-821d9818", "study_id": 58093056, "subject_id": 14598293, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14598293/s58093056/50eaa03c-99b6de60-b3bf5979-75410fa0-821d9818.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f33f73e-6d85ec00-268826f0-ec8f4939-0e308d7b", "study_id": 51642950, "subject_id": 17096173, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with hilar congestion and mild edema. Tiny pleural\n effusions. Opacity in the right middle lobe may represent atelectasis, less\n likely pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Hilar congestion is noted with\n mild interstitial edema. There is increased opacity in the right middle lobe\n region which may represent atelectasis, less likely pneumonia. Mild blunting\n of the CP angles likely indicates tiny pleural effusions. Heart size is\n mildly enlarged. The mediastinal contour is normal aside from a unfolded\n thoracic aorta. Bony structures are intact with demineralization noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17096173/s51642950/9f33f73e-6d85ec00-268826f0-ec8f4939-0e308d7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "473e4bef-6e3f662e-e650a3b6-58d746b2-cb35ae53", "study_id": 59561108, "subject_id": 17015268, "report": "impression: Stable exam with chronic emphysema and evidence of prior right\n upper lobe resection. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is elevated\n right hemidiaphragm, which is unchanged. The PICC line has been removed. The\n lungs are notable for chronic fibrotic changes, not significantly changed. \n Patient is status post prior right upper lobe resection with volume loss again\n noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stable. No effusions. Bony\n structures intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17015268/s59561108/473e4bef-6e3f662e-e650a3b6-58d746b2-cb35ae53.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76c92ee7-465feb6f-3f5173ce-9d600f79-e1c334ff", "study_id": 50167447, "subject_id": 17415509, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17415509/s50167447/76c92ee7-465feb6f-3f5173ce-9d600f79-e1c334ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84f2d6dc-cf42d187-ca3ea997-dc463265-e4bd1d9b", "study_id": 53003263, "subject_id": 10640362, "report": "impression: Emphysema, otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated with\n upper lobe lucency compatible with known emphysema. No focal consolidation,\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10640362/s53003263/84f2d6dc-cf42d187-ca3ea997-dc463265-e4bd1d9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91b601b8-72cb91e1-932e23b2-5eb4f841-5106816f", "study_id": 55604754, "subject_id": 12984454, "report": "impression: 1. Right basilar opacity may represent atelectasis, however aspiration or\n pneumonia could be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.\n 2. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle is improved from prior. Findings: There are low lung volumes, which results in bronchovascular crowding. \n Increased opacity is noted at the right base. There is mild blunting of the\n left costophrenic angle, improved from prior. The heart is enlarged. The\n aorta is tortuous. The trachea is deviated to the right. No pneumothorax. \n There is been interval removal of the right internal jugular central venous\n line and nasogastric tube.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12984454/s55604754/91b601b8-72cb91e1-932e23b2-5eb4f841-5106816f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "964d40c3-b942d0db-8e204875-677a108c-ecea2733", "study_id": 53193482, "subject_id": 18706896, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. \n The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. \n There is unchanged, minimal blunting of the posterior costophrenic angles. \n Again noted is moderate kyphosis of the thoracic spine, unchanged since prior\n examination.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18706896/s53193482/964d40c3-b942d0db-8e204875-677a108c-ecea2733.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bd1f6c3-aac90db2-b3973418-359d4c2b-b9d433ed", "study_id": 56359583, "subject_id": 17183235, "report": "A right lateral costophrenic angle\n diaphragmatic pleura is chronically thickened, unchanged from the prior\n examination. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pleural plaques\n from prior asbestos exposure is again noted. There is mild pulmonary edema.\n There is moderate cardiomegaly. Left-sided atrioventricular pacemaker is\n unchanged. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17183235/s56359583/8bd1f6c3-aac90db2-b3973418-359d4c2b-b9d433ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdd729fe-86c58188-44ddd414-a392c3ec-70165d5f", "study_id": 51590333, "subject_id": 17204160, "report": "impression: Subtle focal opacity projecting over the right upper lung, projecting over the\n right anterior 2nd rib which could relate to external artifact, but focus of\n infection not excluded. Consider repeat with removal of external artifact in\n this region. Findings: Query subtle focal opacity projecting over the right upper lobe medial to the\n EKG lead, may be artifactual from external artifact although an underlying\n focus of infection is not excluded. Elsewhere, no focal consolidation is\n seen. There is mild left base atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is\n top-normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17204160/s51590333/bdd729fe-86c58188-44ddd414-a392c3ec-70165d5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9766bf87-668c2eae-7e70bb0e-fb137306-26d28bfb", "study_id": 51137616, "subject_id": 18600028, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Findings: Lung volumes are low which along with AP technique exaggerates the\n cardiac silhouette which remains normal in size. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Bronchovascular crowding is attributable to low\n lung volumes without definite vascular congestion or interstitial edema. \n There is no focal consolidation suggestive of pneumonia. Pleural surfaces are\n clear without effusion or pneumothorax. Extensive thoracolumbar fixation\n hardware is incompletely imaged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18600028/s51137616/9766bf87-668c2eae-7e70bb0e-fb137306-26d28bfb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac815ac0-556e5200-4abdb679-1f04022b-0c5cc675", "study_id": 50056548, "subject_id": 11522809, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11522809/s50056548/ac815ac0-556e5200-4abdb679-1f04022b-0c5cc675.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de7d742e-f25c401e-90808bc6-d2db1fd0-ab3668fb", "study_id": 58315340, "subject_id": 12678882, "report": "impression: 1. Pulmonary vascular congestion without frank interstitial edema. No focal\n consolidation.\n \n 2. Unchanged trace right pleural effusion. No definite left pleural\n effusion.\n \n 3. Unchanged moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: There is re-demonstration of pulmonary vascular congestion without\n frank interstitial edema. Minimal bilateral lower lung atelectasis is again\n noted. Moderate cardiomegaly is not significantly changed. A trace right\n pleural effusion is unchanged. There is no definite left pleural effusion. \n Mediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12678882/s58315340/de7d742e-f25c401e-90808bc6-d2db1fd0-ab3668fb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4cb58454-8520d08a-4458c335-8e593b07-22a36d36", "study_id": 54012186, "subject_id": 17109313, "report": "impression: No acute radiographic intrathoracic pulmonary disease. Findings: The lungs are clear of airspace or interstitial opacity. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. No acute or aggressive osseus changes.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17109313/s54012186/4cb58454-8520d08a-4458c335-8e593b07-22a36d36.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4330dca9-3eb3cd1e-7c5f9475-79a68d8c-d71dbe45", "study_id": 52733484, "subject_id": 17711415, "report": "Compared is made to prior radiographs from ___. \n \n Heart size is upper limits of normal. There is persistent mild interstitial\n prominence without overt pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. \n There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17711415/s52733484/4330dca9-3eb3cd1e-7c5f9475-79a68d8c-d71dbe45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83cf6d84-c2ad1a3b-8d0145c8-0645c50e-61a30cdb", "study_id": 57907704, "subject_id": 16087806, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16087806/s57907704/83cf6d84-c2ad1a3b-8d0145c8-0645c50e-61a30cdb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3580739e-d9b2601b-691eefec-c90adf07-e09e8396", "study_id": 53067490, "subject_id": 15409726, "report": "impression: 1. New mildly angulated right clavicular fracture. No displaced left\n clavicular fracture.\n 2. Left lower lobe atelectasis. No definite pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded with left lower lobe opacity only seen on frontal\n projection consistent with atelectasis. No pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the osseous structures is notable for a new mildly\n angulated right clavicular fracture. No displaced left clavicular fracture.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15409726/s53067490/3580739e-d9b2601b-691eefec-c90adf07-e09e8396.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c19ba7f9-7cb1b474-e2f37697-872f57f2-347d5669", "study_id": 52522661, "subject_id": 14871009, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, tracheal and\n nasogastric tubes have been removed. There are again extremely low lung\n volumes with continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and evidence of\n elevated pulmonary venous pressure, bilateral pleural effusions, and\n compressive basilar atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14871009/s52522661/c19ba7f9-7cb1b474-e2f37697-872f57f2-347d5669.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b250792e-79e15964-3060004e-f1ffdd81-64c18828", "study_id": 58943794, "subject_id": 12221879, "report": "impression: 1. Interval decrease in the left pleural effusion, and no significant change\n in the right pleural effusion.\n \n 2. Numerous pulmonary nodules which are similar in appearance to prior\n radiographs. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Again seen are numerous pulmonary nodules, which appear similar\n to prior radiographs. The right pleural effusion is unchanged and a left\n pleural effusion is decreased compared to ___. No pneumothorax is\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12221879/s58943794/b250792e-79e15964-3060004e-f1ffdd81-64c18828.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d9b937f-be478954-69a98e83-cf291b41-bbcf922e", "study_id": 55649248, "subject_id": 10515895, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: 3 mm tiny rounded opacity projecting over the anterior lateral left fifth rib\n is stable since at least ___ and therefore benign. No focal\n consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10515895/s55649248/1d9b937f-be478954-69a98e83-cf291b41-bbcf922e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d34a83cb-8d824737-87af4d40-b067af87-f5083d75", "study_id": 59683735, "subject_id": 13614978, "report": "impression: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette without overt\n pulmonary edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are hyperinflated, with flattening of the diaphragm, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. There is minimal right mid lung scarring. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. \n The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is calcified and\n tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13614978/s59683735/d34a83cb-8d824737-87af4d40-b067af87-f5083d75.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58183aa8-c6ad5869-8d75aa66-af57a8f5-b5beadab", "study_id": 59722980, "subject_id": 19664783, "report": "impression: Questionable medial right upper lobe opacity versus mediastinal\n widening. When clinically feasible, repeat radiographs are suggested with PA\n and lateral technique to better assess. The main concern is a possible right\n perihilar consolidation which might indicate pneumonia in the appropriate\n setting. There is no generalized convincing evidence for fluid overload\n although the finding may alternatively indicate mild perihilar congestion\n change. Findings: The heart is mild-to-moderately enlarged. There is unfolding and\n calcification of the thoracic aorta. A soft tissue density projecting over\n the medial right lung apex is uncertain in etiology but may be due to mild\n vascular congestion or atelectasis, but perhaps less likely pneumonia, in the\n right upper lobe. To some extent this may be more due to mediastinal widening\n on the right. Patchy opacity in the left lower lobe is likely compatible with\n atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature does not appear particularly prominent. \n Bones appear demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19664783/s59722980/58183aa8-c6ad5869-8d75aa66-af57a8f5-b5beadab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60ced56a-a99e22ca-1d67229f-64c581ea-e96fbf4b", "study_id": 51335684, "subject_id": 17488748, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17488748/s51335684/60ced56a-a99e22ca-1d67229f-64c581ea-e96fbf4b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0eff65ba-4cf2db74-c0adc1cb-8c6b5239-4ab76b68", "study_id": 52723675, "subject_id": 12301303, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and mild p ulmonary vascular congestion but no pulmonary edema.\n No radiographic evidence of active or latent tuberculosis. Findings: Bilateral low lung volumes. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Enlarged\n heart, likely accentuated by low lung volumes. Mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion without evidence of pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion. No focal\n consolidation to suggest pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Normal mediastinal\n contours and pleura. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12301303/s52723675/0eff65ba-4cf2db74-c0adc1cb-8c6b5239-4ab76b68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dcd6f9bb-61be2ffd-a4483580-eb68c2d0-ed9b94ad", "study_id": 52914218, "subject_id": 15099669, "report": "Postoperative rightward widening of mediastinum is stable in\n appearance in this patient status post esophagectomy and pull-up procedure. \n Partially loculated, moderate-sized right pleural effusion with substantial\n intrafissural component, with adjacent slight worsening right middle and right\n lower lobe atelectasis and/or consolidation. Left lung is grossly clear, and\n there is no change in small left pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15099669/s52914218/dcd6f9bb-61be2ffd-a4483580-eb68c2d0-ed9b94ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d87ecb23-2fcad28b-08c26e07-dc389caf-6f10afac", "study_id": 58558407, "subject_id": 15066702, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No displaced rib\n fracture identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15066702/s58558407/d87ecb23-2fcad28b-08c26e07-dc389caf-6f10afac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb573725-a9839a6f-b2cbd021-a3bb476d-119aca5e", "study_id": 57509159, "subject_id": 18637449, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18637449/s57509159/fb573725-a9839a6f-b2cbd021-a3bb476d-119aca5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c619f97-2c07fc6c-19a127bf-d14397ab-d53b35f1", "study_id": 55010313, "subject_id": 14182243, "report": "impression: No evidence of right-sided pneumothorax. New perihilar and left\n lower lung consolidation may represent atelectasis. Aspiration would be\n unusual in this intubated patient. Findings: Patient is status post spinal fixation. Multiple monitoring and\n supporting devices are reidentified, including a right-sided central line\n ending in the lower SVC, an endotracheal tube ending approximately 5 cm above\n the carina, and an NG tube which ends below the gastroesophageal junction with\n the tip out of view. There has been interval removal of a right-sided chest\n tube, without evidence of pneumothorax. \n \n The right lung is clear. In the left lung, there has been interval\n development of perihilar and lower lung opacities, with obscuration of\n portions of the right hemidiaphragm margin. An oblong silhouette projecting\n over the left upper lung is likely external to the patient.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14182243/s55010313/1c619f97-2c07fc6c-19a127bf-d14397ab-d53b35f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e439987c-0defea1a-e154e831-2b2e5c49-c6564289", "study_id": 56988715, "subject_id": 15535789, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been a dramatic\n increase in the pulmonary edema with probable bilateral pleural effusions and\n continued cardiomegaly. Monitoring and support devices remain in place.\n \n The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be impossible to exclude on\n this study.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15535789/s56988715/e439987c-0defea1a-e154e831-2b2e5c49-c6564289.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09c2c23f-3dd88c76-9ca37e98-56c2787f-90e80ffa", "study_id": 56519741, "subject_id": 19514951, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate hyperexpanded and\n clear lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19514951/s56519741/09c2c23f-3dd88c76-9ca37e98-56c2787f-90e80ffa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20138bd6-bb25df0a-17eddc0c-9cd97fda-6c0d363b", "study_id": 53573154, "subject_id": 13901345, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, following placement of a left\n pigtail catheter there has been substantial decrease in the degree of fluid in\n the pleural space. No evidence of pneumothorax. Some persistent pleural\n effusion on the right, though the area of more consolidative opacification has\n decreased at the left base.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13901345/s53573154/20138bd6-bb25df0a-17eddc0c-9cd97fda-6c0d363b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e69cb3b2-dfefa8e9-4155ea32-48c3d584-b27155b3", "study_id": 51091955, "subject_id": 12388803, "report": "Bilateral lung volumes are low. There are no relevant changes\n since prior radiograph from ___. Bibasal opacities representing\n minimal atelectasis are unchanged. No lung opacities concerning for\n pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12388803/s51091955/e69cb3b2-dfefa8e9-4155ea32-48c3d584-b27155b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "458f2a5b-fb7cdf6c-5b7d0c0d-5c958ad2-05e4a9ae", "study_id": 54600350, "subject_id": 12642263, "report": "impression: Mild-to-moderate left pleural effusion. Findings: The lungs well expanded. There is mild-to-moderate left pleural effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in size.\n Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12642263/s54600350/458f2a5b-fb7cdf6c-5b7d0c0d-5c958ad2-05e4a9ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8f5dfb0-04c3c7a8-55bdf6e6-bfcab899-7b715cf2", "study_id": 57493081, "subject_id": 11456260, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11456260/s57493081/a8f5dfb0-04c3c7a8-55bdf6e6-bfcab899-7b715cf2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5888a77a-4fba06aa-bc66b3e9-850ac943-c36cb364", "study_id": 56531855, "subject_id": 18749946, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly without interstitial pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: Left anterior chest wall ICD is unchanged in location. Moderate to severe\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged.\n Minimal scarring at the lung bases is unchanged. No interstitial edema or\n dense consolidation. No effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18749946/s56531855/5888a77a-4fba06aa-bc66b3e9-850ac943-c36cb364.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33897a83-9fad31be-7c7343b1-11183290-0796559e", "study_id": 50762084, "subject_id": 13354179, "report": "No previous images. There is mild hyperexpansion of the lungs\n suggesting underlying chronic pulmonary disease. However, no acute focal\n pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13354179/s50762084/33897a83-9fad31be-7c7343b1-11183290-0796559e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a51ab592-90a41d20-b728bac8-7312fcc9-c38ec31a", "study_id": 50481621, "subject_id": 18618394, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18618394/s50481621/a51ab592-90a41d20-b728bac8-7312fcc9-c38ec31a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9ae5e46f-ebd935a9-05e32c01-5541809a-65b3f0d1", "study_id": 53403769, "subject_id": 11723732, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. Again seen is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. \n Lungs are clear of confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at\n the aortic arch. Osseous and soft tissue structures are notable for\n compression deformity in the mid thoracic spine as seen on prior. Note is\n made of coronary artery stent.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11723732/s53403769/9ae5e46f-ebd935a9-05e32c01-5541809a-65b3f0d1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b03cd890-463595f1-b97f535a-adac2f8c-8c5095be", "study_id": 53617454, "subject_id": 16193784, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours\n are normal. The bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16193784/s53617454/b03cd890-463595f1-b97f535a-adac2f8c-8c5095be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46ff723c-a7fc4a9b-39b15dba-b1a61799-418405a6", "study_id": 58966832, "subject_id": 16739945, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: An NG tube is present, tip extending beneath diaphragm. The tip and side-port\n overlie the expected site of the gastric fundus.\n \n Low inspiratory volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is prominent, but likely accentuated by low inspiratory volumes.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16739945/s58966832/46ff723c-a7fc4a9b-39b15dba-b1a61799-418405a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68e73a39-79fa7b72-208cb42f-c3fc3a30-9eb3d773", "study_id": 53647256, "subject_id": 11279168, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation or significant effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Median sternotomy wires are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11279168/s53647256/68e73a39-79fa7b72-208cb42f-c3fc3a30-9eb3d773.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62105297-aa5837b3-66bd973a-2df19d24-774898cb", "study_id": 55175474, "subject_id": 15627921, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is an unfolded aorta. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15627921/s55175474/62105297-aa5837b3-66bd973a-2df19d24-774898cb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e981a26-0a163e2e-9791a45c-90c20ff1-1f87c301", "study_id": 56034989, "subject_id": 15812823, "report": "impression: Stable single view of the chest without definite superimposed pulmonary\n process. Findings: Image quality is compromised due to motion.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable for technique and not\n significantly changed since prior. Again seen are prominent interstitial\n markings bilaterally, not significantly changed since prior examinations. No\n definite consolidation is identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is\n identified on this examination.\n \n The visualized bones are unremarkable. A vascular stent is noted in the\n region of the abdominal aorta.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15812823/s56034989/7e981a26-0a163e2e-9791a45c-90c20ff1-1f87c301.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2db7bac5-09c7e503-6feafdcc-defb40da-0cd8161b", "study_id": 56495477, "subject_id": 13058342, "report": "impression: 1. Abnormal soft tissue in the upper mediastinum, left greater than right, is\n again seen. This may be due to underlying mass. CT chest has been ordered\n for further evaluation.\n \n 2. New right IJ central line tip terminates at the distal SVC.\n \n 3. Endotracheal tube is present approximately 8.6 cm above the carina and\n should be advanced approximately 5 cm.\n \n 4. Enteric tube projects over the upper thorax, and should be advanced to\n ensure placement within the stomach. Findings: The new right internal jugular central venous line tip projets over the lower\n SVC. The endotracheal tube tip is positioned a 8.6 cm above the carina and\n should be advanced approximately 5 cm. The enteric tube tip projects over the\n upper thorax. Right basilar and right upper lung consolidations are again\n seen. Large circumscribed the elongated opacification overlying the left upper\n lung may be due to an underlying mass or aortic abnormality. The lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13058342/s56495477/2db7bac5-09c7e503-6feafdcc-defb40da-0cd8161b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4123b12f-f12fc45e-4f4bb703-294e42f3-500401de", "study_id": 50051019, "subject_id": 13383991, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion. There is\n no evidence of pneumothorax. No pulmonary edema is seen. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13383991/s50051019/4123b12f-f12fc45e-4f4bb703-294e42f3-500401de.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "845d9758-21f6eccb-9e77ec8c-e71770d0-f015dd1d", "study_id": 58414548, "subject_id": 17002760, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17002760/s58414548/845d9758-21f6eccb-9e77ec8c-e71770d0-f015dd1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8614a071-4a07fbaf-f666ba9e-36006126-ed1099bc", "study_id": 54644297, "subject_id": 19849557, "report": "impression: 1. Right basal atelectasis, with probable hiatal hernia.\n 2. Rounded density projecting at the right medial lung base, indeterminate,\n for which CT of the chest is recommended to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall PICC pacer\n device is seen with pacer leads extending into the region of the right atrium\n and right ventricle. There is bandlike right lower lung opacity most\n compatible with atelectasis. A rounded density projecting at the right medial\n lung base on the frontal projection is without correlate opacity on the\n lateral view and therefore indeterminate. There is a retrocardiac opacity\n with subtle central air lucency which could represent a hiatal hernia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19849557/s54644297/8614a071-4a07fbaf-f666ba9e-36006126-ed1099bc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c554bd31-5e36b052-83a06866-93ddab5c-2e9dcaba", "study_id": 57779526, "subject_id": 14363941, "report": "impression: Decrease in extent of mediastinal widening, likely due to accentuation of the\n tortuous aorta by patient rotation. No definite signs of mediastinal hematoma.\n However, if there is clinical suspicion for aortic injury, CTA of the chest\n would be recommended. Findings: Heart size is normal. Previously reported widening of the mediastinum has\n improved, likely due to a tortuous thoracic aorta accentuated by patient\n rotation. Heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14363941/s57779526/c554bd31-5e36b052-83a06866-93ddab5c-2e9dcaba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf29e385-741efc7a-489f5b6f-305b8535-cef79bf7", "study_id": 58221673, "subject_id": 12364112, "report": "impression: Chronic elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with adjacent left linear\n atelectasis. No Pneumonia. Findings: Again seen is chronic elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, with adjacent left\n linear atelectasis.There is no focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12364112/s58221673/bf29e385-741efc7a-489f5b6f-305b8535-cef79bf7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75ac1865-a38753d4-e6ec45c5-a7f36c2b-af70db65", "study_id": 52346817, "subject_id": 13919055, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13919055/s52346817/75ac1865-a38753d4-e6ec45c5-a7f36c2b-af70db65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e346913-0d568e0b-6ecc57f5-9853b0ab-636227f7", "study_id": 52474977, "subject_id": 12703255, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. The mediastinum is not widened. No\n evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12703255/s52474977/6e346913-0d568e0b-6ecc57f5-9853b0ab-636227f7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d630471-f77d5339-925ba32e-6d628014-fd361354", "study_id": 54077692, "subject_id": 14614127, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal. \n The cardiac, hilar, mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14614127/s54077692/9d630471-f77d5339-925ba32e-6d628014-fd361354.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "72d3a9c6-bedb4c98-0401b888-1032b536-0c77c8e0", "study_id": 54626453, "subject_id": 19566307, "report": "impression: Enlargement of the ascending thoracic aorta, compatible with known history of\n aneurysm. No pneumonia or effusion. Findings: The lungs are slightly hyperexpanded, with relative flattening of the\n bilateral hemidiaphragms. There is enlargement of the ascending thoracic\n aorta, seen best on the lateral view, compatible with known history of aortic\n aneurysm. The lungs are clear, with no pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pleural\n effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19566307/s54626453/72d3a9c6-bedb4c98-0401b888-1032b536-0c77c8e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f1e5bc6-ede6a88a-95551acf-17e12ab2-1d841786", "study_id": 53173854, "subject_id": 10522036, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced rib fractures identified\n however if high clinical concern, dedicated rib series can be performed. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. There is no effusion\n or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10522036/s53173854/1f1e5bc6-ede6a88a-95551acf-17e12ab2-1d841786.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e17e1d70-e9ab5a1d-48378a0b-8406f377-6115d965", "study_id": 53990455, "subject_id": 16993562, "report": "impression: 1. Multiple supportive and monitoring devices in the proper position.\n 2. Stable right pleural effusion. Findings: An endotracheal tube ends approximately 4 cm from the carina. A\n right internal jugular central line ends in the upper SVC. A right Swan-Ganz\n catheter ends in the proximal right pulmonary artery. Since the prior\n radiograph, lung volumes have improved. A moderate right pleural effusion is\n stable. There is no new consolidation. There is no edema or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A feeding tube is seen in the\n stomach with the tip out of view.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16993562/s53990455/e17e1d70-e9ab5a1d-48378a0b-8406f377-6115d965.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab5805c7-05bb30ed-64d6c386-23f7cb9d-2e2917f5", "study_id": 53295710, "subject_id": 17147966, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is increased opacification\n at the right base laterally. The appearance is certainly consistent with\n pleural effusion, though in the appropriate clinical setting, supervening\n pneumonia would have to be seriously considered. If the condition of the\n patient permits, a lateral view would be most helpful for further evaluation. \n This information has been telephoned to Dr. ___.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17147966/s53295710/ab5805c7-05bb30ed-64d6c386-23f7cb9d-2e2917f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8adb1261-7fe1bb2d-d116f27d-24b85576-b0987922", "study_id": 51102964, "subject_id": 19046487, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead\n left-sided AICD is again seen with leads unchanged in position, currently in\n expected positions of the right atrium and ventricle. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unchanged, with the cardiac silhouette mildly enlarged. There\n is persistent blunting of the left costophrenic angle likely due to pleural\n effusion with overlying atelectasis. Evidence of bilateral calcified pleural\n plaques is again seen. Degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No\n evidence of pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19046487/s51102964/8adb1261-7fe1bb2d-d116f27d-24b85576-b0987922.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97d52b65-f9e1eff4-4d454f2d-c7373be3-5935bbfd", "study_id": 51692712, "subject_id": 12525802, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Hila and cardiomediastinal contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12525802/s51692712/97d52b65-f9e1eff4-4d454f2d-c7373be3-5935bbfd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b5943f3-d6f5fa25-52db6927-1e26922b-de35c051", "study_id": 56335823, "subject_id": 11688793, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is normal. There are no acute skeletal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11688793/s56335823/0b5943f3-d6f5fa25-52db6927-1e26922b-de35c051.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6ee3413-aaa84e13-253dd9a2-1a83076b-d99e9a40", "study_id": 58392389, "subject_id": 11293003, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No displaced fracture identified. If\n there is continued concern for a rib fracture, consider a dedicated rib\n series. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No displaced fractures are visualized. Hypertrophic\n changes are noted within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11293003/s58392389/e6ee3413-aaa84e13-253dd9a2-1a83076b-d99e9a40.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2ec4f28-994d0bf6-da7b7c29-3963e350-961c51a4", "study_id": 50661280, "subject_id": 15992853, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: There is a two-lead pacemaker/ICD device in place with leads terminating in\n the right atrium and ventricle, respectively. The heart is at least\n borderline in size. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. The aortic arch is calcified. Degenerative changes affect each\n glenohumeral joint.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15992853/s50661280/e2ec4f28-994d0bf6-da7b7c29-3963e350-961c51a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c782488e-5762b0ba-e132d199-364ab931-4c66b189", "study_id": 56452635, "subject_id": 17713592, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: As before, the patient is status post midline sternotomy and CABG,\n with intact sternotomy wires. There is minimal left lower lung scarring,\n along the costophrenic angle, unchanged. The lungs are otherwise clear. The\n heart size is top normal. The mediastinal contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Multilevel degenerative changes\n of the thoracolumbar spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17713592/s56452635/c782488e-5762b0ba-e132d199-364ab931-4c66b189.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f59ada6-44306963-d6c03cee-4779878e-fbb73585", "study_id": 59779770, "subject_id": 19261520, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation, with no displaced rib fracture or focal airspace\n consolidation. Findings: Mild hyperinflation of the lungs results in relative flattening of both\n hemidiaphragms. The lungs are grossly clear, with no pneumothorax, pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema, or focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. No displaced rib fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19261520/s59779770/4f59ada6-44306963-d6c03cee-4779878e-fbb73585.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7cd469ee-6cf8cc72-715d03a1-53c5f21f-6cb31840", "study_id": 54684737, "subject_id": 17965268, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17965268/s54684737/7cd469ee-6cf8cc72-715d03a1-53c5f21f-6cb31840.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c4eef6a7-1f57ffec-ec68b241-3f1dfb6c-7214e95b", "study_id": 51080900, "subject_id": 17936913, "report": "impression: Nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm with the tip not\n identified. Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter has its tip in the right\n pulmonary artery. Endotracheal tube continues to have its tip approximately 3\n cm above the carina. A right basilar chest tube remains in place along with\n the mediastinal drains.\n \n Status post median sternotomy with stably widened cardiac and mediastinal\n contours in this recently postoperative patient. Layering left effusion with\n retrocardiac opacity likely reflecting compressive atelectasis. The mild\n interstitial edema is improving, although there is still likely a component of\n mild perihilar edema. No large pneumothorax is appreciated. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest on ___ at 03:49 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17936913/s51080900/c4eef6a7-1f57ffec-ec68b241-3f1dfb6c-7214e95b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4833b84-f1de4cb6-093d0872-9293a5f3-5f13945d", "study_id": 58094451, "subject_id": 11450572, "report": "impression: Interval repositioning of the NG tube now in good position in the stomach. Findings: The NG tube has been repositioned now ending in the stomach including the side\n hole below the diaphragm. There has been no other interval change compared\n with 1 hr prior.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11450572/s58094451/f4833b84-f1de4cb6-093d0872-9293a5f3-5f13945d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04378d86-b0c4ad30-7d22128e-94dca181-6b706579", "study_id": 57800351, "subject_id": 12440965, "report": "impression: Pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n Pleural effusion seen, best demonstrated on the lateral view. Moderate\n pulmonary edema is re- demonstrated. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12440965/s57800351/04378d86-b0c4ad30-7d22128e-94dca181-6b706579.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16fcebc0-079f6ecd-fe9e2edb-3e4f47be-ff291882", "study_id": 58640739, "subject_id": 16133771, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the monitoring and support devices have been\n removed. There again are low lung volumes with bibasilar opacification\n consistent with atelectasis and small effusions. Some indistinctness of\n mildly engorged pulmonary vessels could reflect some elevated pulmonary venous\n pressure, though they may merely be a manifestation of the low lung volumes.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16133771/s58640739/16fcebc0-079f6ecd-fe9e2edb-3e4f47be-ff291882.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70464012-bb16a70b-58ce8c75-ac295c9e-ee2bf887", "study_id": 51224093, "subject_id": 11458583, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear within normal\n limits. The lungs appear clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11458583/s51224093/70464012-bb16a70b-58ce8c75-ac295c9e-ee2bf887.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af72c1cd-34ebe779-fdacbb18-74edce8a-1a2bbf88", "study_id": 55158991, "subject_id": 18708137, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18708137/s55158991/af72c1cd-34ebe779-fdacbb18-74edce8a-1a2bbf88.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "354d8b50-73a97fc5-2c80ae0a-a14ac912-b5bf653d", "study_id": 55589411, "subject_id": 19017438, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The lung volumes are low causing streaky\n opacities at the lung bases likely representing atelecasis. Aorta is again\n tortous. A sclerotic focus is seen in the right fifth anterior rib, unchanged\n from ___. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. The\n hilar contours are unremarkable. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19017438/s55589411/354d8b50-73a97fc5-2c80ae0a-a14ac912-b5bf653d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "504f53d5-1d6e0e3b-a1d8b7b2-00b7f466-e730f297", "study_id": 58601593, "subject_id": 16679562, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, difficult to exclude focal consolidation at the lung bases. \n No pleural effusion. Findings: Again, there is moderate increase in interstitial markings bilaterally\n suggesting moderate pulmonary edema. No definite focal consolidation is seen\n although would be difficult to exclude at the lung bases. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16679562/s58601593/504f53d5-1d6e0e3b-a1d8b7b2-00b7f466-e730f297.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67a25727-ea470e84-d744811c-5b0a051c-b27fd50d", "study_id": 53499836, "subject_id": 12491671, "report": "impression: Since ___, there is a new moderate left pleural effusion. Findings: Since ___, there is a new moderate left pleural effusion. The\n port-a-cath ends at the low SVC near the cavoatrial junction. Right sided\n chest tube is visualized. NG tube is removed since ___. \n Cardiomediastinal borders and hilar structures are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12491671/s53499836/67a25727-ea470e84-d744811c-5b0a051c-b27fd50d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ed036f9-01afe15e-d8ac2a7c-763bddec-50d1bc68", "study_id": 59488642, "subject_id": 13542893, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process or evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Status inversus again seen.The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13542893/s59488642/1ed036f9-01afe15e-d8ac2a7c-763bddec-50d1bc68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b1f14a2-67ff714f-a63e1b8b-8a950ee9-43033021", "study_id": 54302309, "subject_id": 12509484, "report": "impression: Congestive heart failure. Findings: Right atrial and ventricular pacemaker courses in\n expected position. Changes of coronary artery bypass grafting are seen, with\n median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips. Moderate cardiomegaly is\n present. There is evidence of congestive heart failure with central venous\n congestion, interstitial/airspace edema, and moderate bilateral pleural\n effusions. There is no pneumothorax. The aorta is tortuous and calcified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12509484/s54302309/8b1f14a2-67ff714f-a63e1b8b-8a950ee9-43033021.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee25e674-55d14433-362d1df8-efc14617-a52fc6df", "study_id": 57504772, "subject_id": 18366693, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18366693/s57504772/ee25e674-55d14433-362d1df8-efc14617-a52fc6df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dfe8651-6ad68bf5-480da5c2-c7cf818e-e88f395f", "study_id": 55215978, "subject_id": 19735459, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process on chest radiograph. Please note that this\n exam is not dedicated for evaluation of rib fractures; if clinical assessment\n suggests fracture, dedicated rib films is recommended. Findings: Opacity in the left upper lung with adjacent fiducial markers are unchanged. \n No focal consolidation, edema, or pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged.\n \n Aortic valve replacement is similar in position and appearance. Incompletely\n imaged G-tube is noted.\n \n The stomach appears distended with gas and fluid contents. Extensive\n degenerative changes in the shoulders and AC joints are unchanged. Multilevel\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine with probable calcification of the\n anterior longitudinal ligament is again seen. No evidence of an acute osseous\n abnormality on this nondedicated exam.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19735459/s55215978/4dfe8651-6ad68bf5-480da5c2-c7cf818e-e88f395f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7f3d26d-6f6c9f0c-13a85d92-f49815f1-1f988cb8", "study_id": 59989180, "subject_id": 11098155, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11098155/s59989180/a7f3d26d-6f6c9f0c-13a85d92-f49815f1-1f988cb8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f61d4b74-9dcb66d4-353f31f3-30fcf29a-d10347b0", "study_id": 50554874, "subject_id": 12416042, "report": "Following removal of mediastinal drains and left basal chest tube\n no left-sided pneumothorax is seen. Small right-sided pneumothorax persists. \n Lungs are otherwise well aerated aside from bibasilar atelectasis. Right\n internal jugular catheter terminates in the lower SVC. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12416042/s50554874/f61d4b74-9dcb66d4-353f31f3-30fcf29a-d10347b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7153951f-619f5054-54624066-be3bc814-b9158ddf", "study_id": 51222262, "subject_id": 12974219, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions with lower lung compressive\n atelectasis. Please note, in the correct clinical setting, a pneumonia in the\n left lung base cannot be excluded. Findings: Midline sternotomy wires are again seen. There are small bilateral\n layering pleural effusions. Lung volumes are low. Probable compressive\n atelectasis in the lower lungs. The mid to upper lungs appear well aerated\n without pneumothorax. Heart size cannot be assessed. Mediastinal contour\n appears normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12974219/s51222262/7153951f-619f5054-54624066-be3bc814-b9158ddf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4bae916a-91982eb2-2e546252-a4dea01c-b346bf6b", "study_id": 50989482, "subject_id": 15902122, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: The lungs are well inflated. The trachea is central. The cardiomediastinal\n contour is normal. The heart is not enlarged. No blunting of the\n costophrenic angles to suggest a pleural effusion. No areas concerning for\n consolidation seen. No destructive bony lesions seen. A tiny density in the\n right mid lung is likely a vascular marking versus a small calcified\n granuloma, this measures 2-3 mm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902122/s50989482/4bae916a-91982eb2-2e546252-a4dea01c-b346bf6b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "689044dd-d2e35b4c-9e1bc737-667fea6e-1f6c017f", "study_id": 52200133, "subject_id": 13199088, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little interval\n change. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits, and there is no vascular\n congestion or pleural effusion. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs with\n coarseness of interstitial markings suggesting some chronic pulmonary disease.\n Pectus excavatum is again seen on lateral view.\n \n No evidence of pulmonary or skeletal metastases.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13199088/s52200133/689044dd-d2e35b4c-9e1bc737-667fea6e-1f6c017f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31d62cb7-8e321269-7a0bab1c-ea24c746-5574a085", "study_id": 52347601, "subject_id": 13151413, "report": "impression: Normal chest x-ray. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13151413/s52347601/31d62cb7-8e321269-7a0bab1c-ea24c746-5574a085.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14e51a4a-b98b3db1-6a49daf4-7f6574ee-cabd7cb8", "study_id": 54612523, "subject_id": 16254873, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiac or pulmonary process.\n \n 2. Unchanged bulging of the posterior cardiac contour, possibly secondary to\n a mediastinal or pericardial cyst versus a cardiac abnormality. Further\n evaluation could be performed with non-emergent CT or echocardiography. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. Lung\n volumes are slightly low. The lungs are clear. Bulging of the posterior\n cardiac border is redemonstrated. There are no pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16254873/s54612523/14e51a4a-b98b3db1-6a49daf4-7f6574ee-cabd7cb8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cff651a-192d023c-307a72df-bf402288-f8f2967b", "study_id": 50336313, "subject_id": 14394962, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No subdiaphragmatic free air\n identified, though assessment is limited on this supine study. Consider\n upright or left lateral decubitus AP views of the abdomen for further\n assessment. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Clips are seen projecting over the\n left upper quadrant of the abdomen. No subdiaphragmatic free air is\n identified, though assessment is limited on this supine study.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14394962/s50336313/8cff651a-192d023c-307a72df-bf402288-f8f2967b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d89543d5-834407c6-7976d796-3a5fcf0c-5644fa25", "study_id": 51501502, "subject_id": 16712364, "report": "impression: Minimal improvement in mild pulmonary edema. Continued enlargement of the\n hila bilaterally suggestive of a combination of pulmonary arterial enlargement\n and lymphadenopathy. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal contours are unchanged. There\n is a enlargement of the hila bilaterally, which again reflects a combination\n of pulmonary arterial enlargement and lymphadenopathy. Mild pulmonary edema\n has slightly improved in the interval. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16712364/s51501502/d89543d5-834407c6-7976d796-3a5fcf0c-5644fa25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4d799ec-26595366-a7c767b9-8dda2c7f-1562b8d8", "study_id": 53454277, "subject_id": 15503880, "report": "impression: Patchy left basilar opacity best seen on the frontal view, could\n represent atelectasis versus consolidation due to focus of pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n patchy left basilar opacity which could be due to atelectasis, but underlying\n consolidation due to pneumonia is not excluded. The finding is not well seen\n on the lateral view. There is minimal vascular congestion. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15503880/s53454277/a4d799ec-26595366-a7c767b9-8dda2c7f-1562b8d8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37c0ee5c-29b6b95a-98598f65-2f0c9f9e-87532289", "study_id": 54295613, "subject_id": 11551927, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. No\n acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11551927/s54295613/37c0ee5c-29b6b95a-98598f65-2f0c9f9e-87532289.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30c79ad5-2b80fd66-5a3d15f1-9e72b2c1-6160c8c3", "study_id": 53573734, "subject_id": 14886080, "report": "impression: Slight improvement in right upper lobe infiltrate Findings: There has been some minimal improved aeration in the right upper lobe\n infiltrate which is still present particularly laterally. The right-sided\n pigtail catheter small left effusion, feeding tube, and left-sided PICC line\n are unchanged", "image_path": [ "p14/p14886080/s53573734/30c79ad5-2b80fd66-5a3d15f1-9e72b2c1-6160c8c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3d1db86-a725d5fa-a230e18a-a27b2134-25a61ccb", "study_id": 54250542, "subject_id": 13824820, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures are remarkable only for\n mild-to-moderate degenerative osteophyte formation along the anterior margin\n of the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13824820/s54250542/e3d1db86-a725d5fa-a230e18a-a27b2134-25a61ccb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "acbb30b9-04bb96bb-485664fc-b00df832-f22c8eb9", "study_id": 51449231, "subject_id": 15330181, "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral small pleural effusions, right greater than left, and mild\n retrocardiac atelectasis are new since ___. Findings: Bilateral small pleural effusions, right greater than left, and mild\n retrocardiac atelectasis are new since ___. Lung volumes are low. \n Borderline cardiomegaly is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are intact and\n well aligned. No pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or focal consolidations.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15330181/s51449231/acbb30b9-04bb96bb-485664fc-b00df832-f22c8eb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8c4e913-1597b165-c6bb236b-5d08ec88-309edffc", "study_id": 52221822, "subject_id": 12438077, "report": "impression: Questionable retrocardiac opacity seen in the lateral view, not\n substantiated on the frontal view, could be due to overlapping structures,\n atelectasis; however, consolidation from infection or aspiration not excluded. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Patchy\n retrocardiac opacity seen on the lateral view, not seen on the frontal view,\n could be due to underlying infection, atelectasis, or aspiration. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12438077/s52221822/b8c4e913-1597b165-c6bb236b-5d08ec88-309edffc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae079a0a-9608d06b-ad22240e-d7a023fb-67aded4e", "study_id": 52998310, "subject_id": 15874429, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute pneumonia. Findings: No previous images. The heart is normal in size, and the lungs are\n clear without vascular congestion or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15874429/s52998310/ae079a0a-9608d06b-ad22240e-d7a023fb-67aded4e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f168f4e-a4d541e8-dc6b0afc-57d24a33-9038527e", "study_id": 54867431, "subject_id": 11833476, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax seen, left apical pleural fluid.\n \n Unchanged diffuse pulmonary edema. Findings: There has been interval removal of the left-sided chest tube. Support lines\n and tubes are otherwise unchanged in position when compared to the prior\n study. No pneumothorax seen. There is pleural fluid seen tracking along the\n upper chest, multiple overlying rib fractures are seen. There are persistent\n bilateral diffuse airspace opacities consistent with pulmonary edema. \n Overall, appearances are grossly unchanged compared to the prior study.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11833476/s54867431/8f168f4e-a4d541e8-dc6b0afc-57d24a33-9038527e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f568c589-408d47cf-7923f25e-6b3bdc6e-9c26906e", "study_id": 53903536, "subject_id": 19731371, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of pneumonia or overt edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Right hemidiaphragm is\n mildly elevated. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No effusion\n or pneumothorax. The heart is mildly enlarged. The aorta appears unfolded. No\n convincing evidence for edema. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm. Bony\n structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19731371/s53903536/f568c589-408d47cf-7923f25e-6b3bdc6e-9c26906e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "907a7759-52520024-5ea2e64e-0ff9e799-5d27c889", "study_id": 59182066, "subject_id": 13281196, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13281196/s59182066/907a7759-52520024-5ea2e64e-0ff9e799-5d27c889.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a0da6f7-225bc88b-81dca8ce-964168c3-0b1ee0d3", "study_id": 56127936, "subject_id": 12999215, "report": "impression: No evidence of active or latent tuberculosis. Findings: Both lungs are well expanded. Two small opacities superimposed on anterior end\n of right second rib are most likely sclerotic foci in rib, probably bone\n island. No opacities concerning for latent or active tuberculosis. Heart\n size, mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural\n abnormality. Aorta is tortuous in its course but no evidence of aneurysmal\n dilatation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12999215/s56127936/9a0da6f7-225bc88b-81dca8ce-964168c3-0b1ee0d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97c60275-9cbd2594-7d74b29f-827f07cc-0b37e709", "study_id": 59031707, "subject_id": 13324344, "report": "impression: Distal Dobbhoff tip positioned within the gastroesophageal\n junction. Recommend advancing several centimeters. Stable pulmonary edema. Findings: Interval removal of enteric catheter and replacement with a\n Dobbhoff catheter whose tip is likely in the fundus of the stomach; however,\n the radiopaque portion is within the gastroesophageal junction and recommend\n advancing several centimeters.\n \n Endotracheal tube terminates 3 cm above the carina. Right-sided central\n venous catheter terminates in the right upper atrium. There is stable\n extensive perihilar opacification, consistent with pulmonary edema. Bibasilar\n opacifications are likely a combination of atelectasis and bilateral pleural\n effusions, not significantly changed from prior. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13324344/s59031707/97c60275-9cbd2594-7d74b29f-827f07cc-0b37e709.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "568cbd63-76d25a3c-33e77754-66307a6e-51c9c648", "study_id": 59144907, "subject_id": 16544143, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is moderate unfolding of the\n thoracic aorta. Otherwise, the mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16544143/s59144907/568cbd63-76d25a3c-33e77754-66307a6e-51c9c648.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d48f39bb-66fce6c0-add8ca8e-01694112-cc71b76c", "study_id": 55728040, "subject_id": 10814905, "report": "impression: New moderate left pleural effusion Findings: There is a moderate left pleural effusion that has dramatically increased in\n size compared to the prior. There is associated volume loss in the left lower\n lobe There has been interval removal of the left central line there is no\n focal infiltrate on the right. A retrocardiac infiltrate can't be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10814905/s55728040/d48f39bb-66fce6c0-add8ca8e-01694112-cc71b76c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73f65961-786cb9fb-9781fab6-4efff47f-3a99faba", "study_id": 55322292, "subject_id": 10566464, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10566464/s55322292/73f65961-786cb9fb-9781fab6-4efff47f-3a99faba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "21c3ace1-ee7ecc9f-8b446dd5-98897261-8754e160", "study_id": 57790078, "subject_id": 11597474, "report": "impression: Right perihilar opacity consistent with radiation changes. Findings: A large right perihilar opacity is new since the PET CT on ___. Additional inferhilar opacities and fidicual seed appear stable,\n taking into account the different study modalities. No opacities concerning\n for an infectious process are seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n identified. Mediastinal clips at the patient's prior sites of surgeries are\n again present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11597474/s57790078/21c3ace1-ee7ecc9f-8b446dd5-98897261-8754e160.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e6d4e44-10ecddd0-b9367f55-a5fae33e-05300a1e", "study_id": 50668760, "subject_id": 10901772, "report": "impression: Resolved pulmonary edema.\n Right basilar airspace opacity may be due to infection or aspiration.\n Small partially loculated right pleural effusion. Findings: A left pectoral AICD is in place. Sternotomy wires are intact and aligned. The\n patient has had previous valve replacement. Previous pulmonary edema has\n resolved. An airspace opacity at the right base obscuring the right heart\n border may be due to infection or aspiration. There is a persistent small\n partially loculated right pleural effusion. Tubular opacities projecting over\n the heart on the lateral film may be a coronary stents or calcifications.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10901772/s50668760/8e6d4e44-10ecddd0-b9367f55-a5fae33e-05300a1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b7e1c71-5907808a-aad590bd-23c96760-7e281525", "study_id": 50833166, "subject_id": 15147978, "report": "impression: 1. New bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, moderate in size.\n 2. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Compared to the prior radiographs, there are bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right. This obscures the left heart border. The aerated\n portions of the lungs fail to demonstrate consolidation. Mild interstitial\n edema is new. Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged.\n Discontinuity of the superior sternal wires unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15147978/s50833166/4b7e1c71-5907808a-aad590bd-23c96760-7e281525.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbe3e054-04456021-235587ad-f2512b4c-63e2669e", "study_id": 54759028, "subject_id": 14102384, "report": "impression: Slight improvement in widespread interstitial edema and localized right upper\n lobe opacity. Findings: As compared to chest radiograph from earlier the same day, mild improvement in\n the interstitial pulmonary edema and slight improvement right upper lobe\n airspace opacity. Small bilateral pleural effusions persist. Mild\n cardiomegaly has improved.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14102384/s54759028/fbe3e054-04456021-235587ad-f2512b4c-63e2669e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee8fff3d-6dd4eef6-cbd91080-f29dc2dc-b1c4cf0a", "study_id": 51588725, "subject_id": 18056245, "report": "impression: 1. Findings consistent with volume overload and/or heart failure.\n 2. Sequelae of chronic aspiration and/or concurrent infection is possible in\n the appropriate clinical situation. Findings: Bilateral, left worse than right lower lobe opacities with blurring of the\n diaphragm silhouettes could be a combination of edema and/or\n infection/aspiration. Prominence of the interstitium may correspond to a\n component of chronic interstitial changes noted on the prior head CT as well\n as edema and/or infection. The heart remains enlarged. The descending\n thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous. No evidence of a pneumothorax. The\n thoracic spine is severely curved to the right, likely reflecting a degree is\n scoliosis and positional changes. This results in slight distortion of the\n chest cage and altered appearance of the changes in the hemithorax. No large\n pleural effusion but there may be a small left pleural effusion. Degenerative\n changes in both glenohumeral joints as well as the left acromioclavicular\n joint are severe.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18056245/s51588725/ee8fff3d-6dd4eef6-cbd91080-f29dc2dc-b1c4cf0a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "848db14d-ebf361da-de423300-124bd56b-e526e636", "study_id": 55619249, "subject_id": 10599327, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar airspace opacities, likely reflecting\n atelectasis but infection or aspiration cannot be excluded. Findings: Tracheostomy tube is in unchanged position. There are low lung volumes. The\n heart size is mildly enlarged, but stable. The aorta remains diffusely\n tortuous. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but no overt\n pulmonary edema is present. Persistent bibasilar airspace opacities are again\n noted, likely reflective of atelectasis but infection cannot be is fully\n excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Left PICC tip\n terminates in the SVC.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10599327/s55619249/848db14d-ebf361da-de423300-124bd56b-e526e636.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b7a624d-41577bf5-bb047ab9-cd51f38f-9b15177b", "study_id": 59912116, "subject_id": 19647041, "report": "impression: Heart size cannot be assessed because of left-sided pleural\n densities obliterating the contours. Small amount of pleural effusion also\n seen on right side. Port-A-Cath system in place. No pneumothorax. Moderate\n gas distention of stomach. No evidence of acute pulmonary vascular congestion\n or infiltrates or masses. A page call was rendered on specific request for\n #___ at 5:20 p.m. Contact with the house officer was established and the\n findings reported. An estimate is that the left-sided pleural effusion may\n contain up to 500 mL. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is a sizeable left-sided pleural effusion that\n obliterates the diaphragmatic contour and the lateral portion of the heart\n shadow. Heart size cannot be accurately assessed, but is probably within\n normal limits as there is no evidence of pulmonary congestion. A right-sided\n Port-A-Cath system introduced via the right internal jugular vein approach is\n seen to terminate in the lower third of the SVC close to the expected entrance\n into the right atrium. No pneumothorax can be identified. There is evidence\n of bilateral pleural effusion, more so on the left than the right, where the\n effusion just blunts mildly the right lateral and right posterior pleural\n sinuses. On the left side, the pleural effusion reaches along the left\n lateral wall up to the hilar level. There is no pneumothorax on either side.\n \n Our records do not include a previous chest examination available for\n comparison.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19647041/s59912116/2b7a624d-41577bf5-bb047ab9-cd51f38f-9b15177b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d06b9cff-0c007b21-a0116095-9960eee0-79bf3acb", "study_id": 50671866, "subject_id": 15615945, "report": "impression: Continued evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is evidence of\n small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The lungs are better expanded than before. Interstitial markings remain\n prominent. There is also blunting of the costophrenic sulci consistent with\n small effusions. There is no focal consolidation. The heart appears large,\n but cardiac size may be exaggerated by AP technique. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. Mediastinal\n structures are stable the bony thorax is grossly intact. A double-lumen right\n internal jugular catheter is been inserted thickening, terminating at the\n level the cavoatrial junction. There are no concerning bone findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15615945/s50671866/d06b9cff-0c007b21-a0116095-9960eee0-79bf3acb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e22dd914-df00804c-c6c2c34d-2a9389af-8f694345", "study_id": 57093151, "subject_id": 15862403, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema has significantly worsened since previous exam. This\n was discussed with the medical team. Findings: Moderate pulmonary edema has increased since previous exam. Pleural effusions\n are small and unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac contour is mildly\n enlarged and stable. Prior sternotomy was done for AVR. ET tube and left\n jugular line are in adequate position. The distal end of NG tube is hard to\n assess. Right jugular line has been removed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15862403/s57093151/e22dd914-df00804c-c6c2c34d-2a9389af-8f694345.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd6e42fc-b2530e79-eb8d716c-2ef3f1ed-afc9b362", "study_id": 56984077, "subject_id": 19345192, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest compared with ___. No new area of\n consolidation identified. Cardiomegaly and atelectasis again noted. Findings: Rotated positioning.\n \n There is stable enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and right hilum. Linear\n opacity in the lingula likely reflects atelectasis. No gross pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Blunting of the posterior costophrenic angle on the left\n cannot be excluded, similar to prior. Bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy\n tubes are partially visualized.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19345192/s56984077/bd6e42fc-b2530e79-eb8d716c-2ef3f1ed-afc9b362.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0cf0111-2857eb73-45f26659-4b10abf5-29e6ec15", "study_id": 57102026, "subject_id": 14773164, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly, new since prior. Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Since prior there has been interval\n median sternotomy. The ___ and ___ sternotomy wires from the top are\n fractured. There has been interval cardiac enlargement. Dilation of the\n azygous vein and indistinct pulmonary vascular markings suggest vascular\n congestion. There is no large pleural effusion. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14773164/s57102026/e0cf0111-2857eb73-45f26659-4b10abf5-29e6ec15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "241efd15-4dedff7b-d45583b3-6bdcb9a8-2217c302", "study_id": 55312620, "subject_id": 17868309, "report": "impression: Subsegmental left basilar atelectasis. Otherwise no acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous but unchanged. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There are minimal linear opacities\n in the left lung base compatible with subsegmental atelectasis. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute\n osseous abnormalities are seen. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracic spine is\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17868309/s55312620/241efd15-4dedff7b-d45583b3-6bdcb9a8-2217c302.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1927d595-380dd411-81f30622-8e0114c4-e2faeebe", "study_id": 50590486, "subject_id": 15767435, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n intubated. The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 5.6 cm above the carina.\n Lung volumes are lower and mild cardiomegaly persists. Unchanged evidence of\n mild pulmonary edema and bilateral basal opacities, likely caused by\n atelectasis. No newly appeared lung parenchymal changes. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15767435/s50590486/1927d595-380dd411-81f30622-8e0114c4-e2faeebe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc214a8f-805e5ad4-f4d025d5-55de5f0b-f39a776a", "study_id": 57169555, "subject_id": 18779729, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable\n and stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18779729/s57169555/dc214a8f-805e5ad4-f4d025d5-55de5f0b-f39a776a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4531a401-95dc7dc1-cbd20ad4-7a1bd5ca-d5c2acf8", "study_id": 57119017, "subject_id": 11437634, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe opacity is concerning pneumonia or aspiration. Chronic severe\n pulmonary emphysema. Previously seen cavitary right apical lesion and\n superior segment left lower lobe nodular opacity have been more fully\n characterized on prior CTA. Findings: Right PICC terminates in mid SVC. Fiducial marker at the right upper lung is\n again noted adjacent to a cavitary right upper lobe lesion. Lungs are hyper\n inflated. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heterogeneous\n left retrocardiac opacification is new compared to ___. Nodular opacity in\n superior segment of left lower lobe has been more fully characterized on prior\n CTA chest from ___. Emphysema and scarring are again demonstrated\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size. Old healed fractures are noted\n in the left ribs.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11437634/s57119017/4531a401-95dc7dc1-cbd20ad4-7a1bd5ca-d5c2acf8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69df5244-7f298778-136779ef-31c651de-df6ff4da", "study_id": 54490778, "subject_id": 11183154, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. Note is made of an enlarged right thyroid goiter. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy and CABG as before. The aorta is mildly\n tortuous. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are identified. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11183154/s54490778/69df5244-7f298778-136779ef-31c651de-df6ff4da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e933439-18c11125-60150078-5e45dac4-2a7b7cb2", "study_id": 58718198, "subject_id": 13069271, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. No definite focal consolidation. Findings: There are low lung volumes and bibasilar atelectasis. No definite focal\n consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13069271/s58718198/5e933439-18c11125-60150078-5e45dac4-2a7b7cb2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78147da5-b26b887d-bd739b7d-5a55458b-7b71a728", "study_id": 59818022, "subject_id": 18519554, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are well-expanded and clear without focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Retrocardiac linear opacity is likely\n atelectasis. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. The upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18519554/s59818022/78147da5-b26b887d-bd739b7d-5a55458b-7b71a728.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "224f6906-9dc621bd-1653104c-4ff49b7b-eb5b1956", "study_id": 52099667, "subject_id": 18039147, "report": "impression: Trace right apical pneumothorax with small amount of subcutaneous\n gas in the right neck. Opacities in the right lung likely reflect\n post-surgical changes. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, trace\n right apical pneumothorax persists. Right-sided chest tube is in unchanged\n position with its tip projecting over the right lung apex. Lung volumes\n remain low exaggerating bronchovascular structures. Right lung base\n opacities are again identified and likely reflect post-surgical changes. The\n cardiac silhouette is normal. There still remains a small amount of\n subcutaneous gas along the right neck.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18039147/s52099667/224f6906-9dc621bd-1653104c-4ff49b7b-eb5b1956.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16684524-978e7f12-fe5b148d-38712e9b-a3d06739", "study_id": 54720919, "subject_id": 19371972, "report": "Tip of left PICC terminates in the mid superior vena cava. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. Multifocal areas of\n patchy and linear atelectasis are present, overall improved in the left lower\n lung and slightly worsened in the right lower lung.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19371972/s54720919/16684524-978e7f12-fe5b148d-38712e9b-a3d06739.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ed45906-0432ad13-47dc2c79-906f7521-bb170e72", "study_id": 59695264, "subject_id": 18991843, "report": "impression: Increase in size of large left pleural effusion and moderate right pleural\n effusion with associated volume loss. The left pleural effusion occupies\n approximately half of the left hemithorax. Findings: The large right pleural effusion occupying approximately half of the right\n hemithorax has increased with associated volume loss. A moderate left\n pleural effusion is also slightly increased with associated atelectasis. \n Moderate cardiomegaly persists with mild pulmonary vascular congestion. A left\n chest wall Port-A-Cath is in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18991843/s59695264/2ed45906-0432ad13-47dc2c79-906f7521-bb170e72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d440791-2f20bfba-f7c078bf-f1d459e8-01ed93d6", "study_id": 54418239, "subject_id": 13973768, "report": "impression: 1. Mild congestive heart failure.\n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Nodular pleural-based rounded opacity\n within the right lateral inferior hemithorax likely reflects fluid tracking\n within the major fissure. Followup radiographs after diuresis are\n recommended, and if this finding continues, then a CT of the chest is\n suggested for further evaluation. Findings: Heart is moderately enlarged and increased when compared to the\n prior exam. Aortic knob is calcified. There is mild pulmonary edema. Small\n bilateral pleural effusions are new compared to prior study. A pleural-based\n rounded opacity within the right lateral aspect of the inferior right\n hemithorax likely reflects a pseudotumor with fluid tracking within the major\n fissure. No pneumothorax is identified. There is diffuse vascular\n calcification of the thoracoabdominal aorta. No acute osseous abnormalities\n are seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13973768/s54418239/8d440791-2f20bfba-f7c078bf-f1d459e8-01ed93d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85388d56-e4013434-be44c0c3-bc3081ce-4e2e5c29", "study_id": 58548606, "subject_id": 16591395, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe persistent peribronchial opacification concerning for\n peristent infectious process. \n \n These findings were communicated to the ordering physician via ___\n clinical portal. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate hyperinflated lungs with\n flattening of bilateral diaphragms consistent with patient's known history of\n COPD. When compared to chest radiograph dated ___, there is\n redemonstration of left lower lobe scarring and atelectasis and persistent\n peribronchial increased density concerning for infectious process. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged with note made of of tortuous descending aorta.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16591395/s58548606/85388d56-e4013434-be44c0c3-bc3081ce-4e2e5c29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25522a19-15aa35ff-a08ef5d7-107dedde-a6eec3bb", "study_id": 51521502, "subject_id": 12793653, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No evidence of pneumothorax or hemothorax. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12793653/s51521502/25522a19-15aa35ff-a08ef5d7-107dedde-a6eec3bb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66d52b37-09f98a8c-80c1c8e4-2006e8d1-ffe9d9db", "study_id": 54379253, "subject_id": 16056234, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Unchanged pulmonary arterial\n hypertension. Findings: The heart size remains within normal limits. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged, with dilatation of the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries\n compatible with underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified. Scoliosis of the thoracic spine,\n convex to the right is noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16056234/s54379253/66d52b37-09f98a8c-80c1c8e4-2006e8d1-ffe9d9db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87becf54-d944df35-5f7570e1-5a0e76ec-506f4c0f", "study_id": 54268436, "subject_id": 16186110, "report": "impression: Emphysema with new subtle opacity in the posterior lung base could represent a\n very early pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. The lungs appear hyperinflated\n and hyperlucent compatible with underlying emphysema. There is subtle opacity\n in the posterior lung base on the lateral projection which could represent a\n very early pneumonia. No additional consolidation. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stable in within normal\n limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16186110/s54268436/87becf54-d944df35-5f7570e1-5a0e76ec-506f4c0f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d681d968-476db368-6b51379f-5541ced0-a151924f", "study_id": 50203073, "subject_id": 16700548, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. No confluent\n opacities identified. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax is evident. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16700548/s50203073/d681d968-476db368-6b51379f-5541ced0-a151924f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a15860b-470dcb69-7ce6bb37-0d9b40a7-4bd6991d", "study_id": 56881708, "subject_id": 17724257, "report": "impression: 1. Possible slight blunting of both costophrenic angles posteriorly, which\n could be new. Otherwise, I doubt significant interval change.\n 2. No displaced rib fracture detected. Please see comment above. Findings: Compared with ___, no definite change is detected. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unchanged. Sternotomy wires again\n noted. Platelike atelectasis at the left base with an elevated left\n hemidiaphragm is again noted, though with gas now seen beneath the left\n hemidiaphragm, with in the gastric fundus. No CHF or frank consolidation is\n identified. No gross effusion. Minimal blunting of both costophrenic angles\n posteriorly could be new.\n \n No displaced rib fractures are detected on these lung-technique films. \n Correlation with any specific site of symptoms and, if indicated, dedicated\n rib radiographs could help for further assessment. No pneumothorax is\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17724257/s56881708/7a15860b-470dcb69-7ce6bb37-0d9b40a7-4bd6991d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0eac0275-d27ea756-8d104f17-cdb3a45c-da771854", "study_id": 52739556, "subject_id": 12545775, "report": "impression: New left lower lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Recommend\n followup radiographs upon resolution of symptoms. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There is a new consolidation in\n the left lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12545775/s52739556/0eac0275-d27ea756-8d104f17-cdb3a45c-da771854.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb30278e-dd96fc79-3a407c70-a879da42-d3dcb56e", "study_id": 57102870, "subject_id": 17176669, "report": "No previous images. The heart is normal in size and there is no\n evidence of vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17176669/s57102870/bb30278e-dd96fc79-3a407c70-a879da42-d3dcb56e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5eb05c3-0d99262d-1ab019b6-3cfc8ab7-b5fb0b27", "study_id": 59604338, "subject_id": 19970078, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Pectus excavatum deformity distorts the cardiomediastinal silhouette, which is\n otherwise normal.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19970078/s59604338/d5eb05c3-0d99262d-1ab019b6-3cfc8ab7-b5fb0b27.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e907bd8-625d2884-a20c9979-c31bd8da-4417401b", "study_id": 50129240, "subject_id": 12064623, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. No superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Dual-lead chest wall pacer\n is seen with leads within the right atrium and right ventricular apex. Mitral\n valve replacement is again seen. Blunting of the left lateral costophrenic\n angles likely due to pericardial fat pad. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged\n but stable. Atherosclerotic calcifications again seen at the aortic arch. No\n acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12064623/s50129240/5e907bd8-625d2884-a20c9979-c31bd8da-4417401b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8719b3fe-9b36fb95-8d75989b-6d675c8e-55457e5f", "study_id": 52590943, "subject_id": 16181355, "report": "impression: No evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate clear lungs and\n normal hilar and cardiomediastinal contours. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. An implanted\n transvenous pacer/defibrillator is unchanged and longstanding breakage of the\n fourth sternal cerclage wire from the top is noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16181355/s52590943/8719b3fe-9b36fb95-8d75989b-6d675c8e-55457e5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7d6230a-4bf49d45-e82657d0-3d87e3b3-d0444143", "study_id": 56716780, "subject_id": 14711758, "report": "impression: Hyperexpanded clear lungs. No nodule seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate hyperinflated clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is\n no pneumothorax, consolidation, or opacity.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14711758/s56716780/c7d6230a-4bf49d45-e82657d0-3d87e3b3-d0444143.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2bfcdac-065ee0a5-46992ce4-0de1b2cf-7123a106", "study_id": 50201126, "subject_id": 19025847, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are symmetrically well expanded and well aerated without\n focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged, and there is no overt pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19025847/s50201126/a2bfcdac-065ee0a5-46992ce4-0de1b2cf-7123a106.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7ae0eaa-5c00bd4f-f9afff2c-a0f794ca-87041f09", "study_id": 50349054, "subject_id": 12387217, "report": "impression: No significant changes since the prior study ___ ___. Findings: Lungs are well expanded. Heart appears normal in size and\n configuration. Trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. Again an opacity is noted projecting over the anterior first\n rib on the right at the level of the sternal notch, which appears to be\n unchanged from the prior study. This likely represents changes associated\n with the empyema and the subsequent debridement. There is also minimal\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle possibly representing small effusion\n or atelectasis, which was also seen on the prior radiograph. No significant\n pleural effusions and no pneumothorax. Bony structures appear to be intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12387217/s50349054/d7ae0eaa-5c00bd4f-f9afff2c-a0f794ca-87041f09.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1f4f2a7-4a86c98b-a374e257-62eca25d-378dbc28", "study_id": 51076204, "subject_id": 15197756, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion and mild right basilar atelectasis\n which appear slightly improved as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Large-bore\n left-sided dialysis catheter is again seen, terminating in the right atrium. \n Right axillary and right upper arm stents are seen. There is a small right\n pleural effusion which appears to have decreased since the prior study. There\n is also overlying mild right basilar atelectasis. The left lung is clear. No\n pneumothorax is seen. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. The cardiac silhouette\n is top normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15197756/s51076204/f1f4f2a7-4a86c98b-a374e257-62eca25d-378dbc28.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f89d6511-7843f435-c6c5daba-f399a2d6-4cbd7070", "study_id": 51567659, "subject_id": 18700699, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Persistent elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is again moderate elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. \n Streaky opacities, greater along the right lung base than left, are most\n consistent with minor atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18700699/s51567659/f89d6511-7843f435-c6c5daba-f399a2d6-4cbd7070.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5097b20c-f62b4730-1c6698d1-f3b5d257-b474d283", "study_id": 51708873, "subject_id": 14835486, "report": "impression: Chronic scarring within the right lung base without acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is re- demonstrated. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged with unchanged rightward shift\n of mediastinal structures compatible with right-sided volume loss. Linear\n opacities within the right lung base with right costophrenic angle blunting\n likely reflect areas of scarring. No new focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No\n acute osseous abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14835486/s51708873/5097b20c-f62b4730-1c6698d1-f3b5d257-b474d283.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69480500-1ed2f6ac-d3f36dca-0f34900d-abc4def0", "study_id": 56303286, "subject_id": 12736236, "report": "impression: No significant change since prior, no definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Chronic changes are seen in the mid thoracic spine with associated\n dextroscoliosis and changes in the adjacent ribs. The right lung is clear. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Opacity in the retrocardiac\n region at the left lung base appears similar compared to multiple priors and\n is likely in part due to volume loss and elevation of the hemidiaphragm. The\n superior left lung is clear. Chronic changes are noted at the left shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12736236/s56303286/69480500-1ed2f6ac-d3f36dca-0f34900d-abc4def0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9047a7c7-c6d52772-b285f631-f7a1c406-4e65da22", "study_id": 57629787, "subject_id": 11894825, "report": "Comparison is made to prior radiographs dating back to ___.\n \n There is again seen elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and increased density\n projecting over the left retrocardiac area. There is mild pulmonary edema and\n there is persistent increased density at the right base suggestive of\n atelectasis versus infiltrate or aspiration. No pneumothoraces are seen. \n There has been no interval change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11894825/s57629787/9047a7c7-c6d52772-b285f631-f7a1c406-4e65da22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ba3b40e-ad65e2d0-5c5b140e-c41d8154-f85ead78", "study_id": 51732447, "subject_id": 11001054, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11001054/s51732447/1ba3b40e-ad65e2d0-5c5b140e-c41d8154-f85ead78.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c5f85c7-baf5a6de-087fc503-92df1eea-492e0196", "study_id": 52823010, "subject_id": 15623806, "report": "Tip of endotracheal tube terminates approximately 4.5 cm above the\n carina, and a nasogastric tube terminates below the diaphragm. Cardiac\n silhouette is mildly enlarged and accompanied by new pulmonary vascular\n congestion and bilateral perihilar haziness suggestive of edema. More\n confluent areas of opacity in the right upper and right lower lobes could\n potentially represent an evolving pneumonia, particularly given findings\n concerning for right upper lobe pneumonia on recent CT of one day earlier. \n Small pleural effusions are present, right greater than left.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15623806/s52823010/1c5f85c7-baf5a6de-087fc503-92df1eea-492e0196.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "926082fa-962d2327-67d667be-882dd5fd-bfcf2066", "study_id": 59379391, "subject_id": 17439447, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No interval change. Findings: Right-sided central line tip is unchanged and is in the right atrium. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear. \n There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17439447/s59379391/926082fa-962d2327-67d667be-882dd5fd-bfcf2066.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad75973b-7c69d74b-3076b4e5-8eaa17e0-55d3c918", "study_id": 51110242, "subject_id": 18085253, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: A Port-A-Cath terminates at the cavoatrial junction. A biliary\n catheter projects over the epigastrium. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18085253/s51110242/ad75973b-7c69d74b-3076b4e5-8eaa17e0-55d3c918.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "655e6621-f26bd07d-aba765b0-ecf0b47e-75e04c6d", "study_id": 58043057, "subject_id": 14844762, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14844762/s58043057/655e6621-f26bd07d-aba765b0-ecf0b47e-75e04c6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26a414f3-6a75e0c2-c1fa4abe-5c2013a3-fc22bf39", "study_id": 56172666, "subject_id": 13103745, "report": "impression: Increased partial collapse of right middle lobe and worsening\n atelectasis/collapse of the right lower lobe. \n Likely increased right pleural effusion; however, difficult to quantify due to\n the atelectasis. Findings: In comparison to the prior radiograph, there is now increased\n partial collapse of the right middle lobe and worsening atelectasis/collapse\n of the right lower lobe. Hazy opacity in the right middle lung zone and\n prominence of the fissures suggest increased pleural fluid; however, it is\n difficult to quantify due to the atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n difficult to evaluate also due to atelectasis. The left lung is clear. There\n is no pneumothorax or acute skeletal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13103745/s56172666/26a414f3-6a75e0c2-c1fa4abe-5c2013a3-fc22bf39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5cce8219-9714711b-1462e9e7-cfe40c4b-ceca88bd", "study_id": 55514072, "subject_id": 16345227, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable, aside from mild scoliosis.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16345227/s55514072/5cce8219-9714711b-1462e9e7-cfe40c4b-ceca88bd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc4a45f5-612dc960-01ce2bf9-92c8a64f-26edfda0", "study_id": 58040219, "subject_id": 16057607, "report": "impression: 1. Removal of left chest tube. No evidence of pneumothorax.\n 2. Left fourth-ninth rib fractures. Findings: The left chest tube has been removed. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.\n There is unchanged subcutaneous gas overlying the left hemithorax.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vasculature, and aorta are within\n normal limits. The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pleural effusion.\n \n Left posterior ___ rib fractures are again visualized.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16057607/s58040219/fc4a45f5-612dc960-01ce2bf9-92c8a64f-26edfda0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75666785-e4697d12-378b4862-bf92d045-40728906", "study_id": 58155840, "subject_id": 13692152, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No overt traumatic\n findings. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.\n The thoracic cage is grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13692152/s58155840/75666785-e4697d12-378b4862-bf92d045-40728906.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c3e85ff-9afa1a07-d9c566f4-faa60585-7d38dd07", "study_id": 55778539, "subject_id": 13094907, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax evident.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13094907/s55778539/9c3e85ff-9afa1a07-d9c566f4-faa60585-7d38dd07.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0256c7aa-89bd3ec6-ca8ec130-e1e38e1e-f5b3b332", "study_id": 50838312, "subject_id": 19650793, "report": "impression: Trace bilateral pleural effusions. No focal consolidation\n worrisome for pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is top normal. There is mild unfolding of the thoracic\n aorta. Hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear except for left base\n atelectasis. There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n pneumothorax. The osseous structures are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19650793/s50838312/0256c7aa-89bd3ec6-ca8ec130-e1e38e1e-f5b3b332.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f92f4257-88367e92-1779581a-4970ac48-8ef8b442", "study_id": 54783453, "subject_id": 19965484, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. There is minimal subsegmental atelectasis within the\n left mid lung field. Remainder of the lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is visualized. No displaced rib fractures or other acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19965484/s54783453/f92f4257-88367e92-1779581a-4970ac48-8ef8b442.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83424810-8794142f-4423b1ac-0a7c7a11-9d33ead0", "study_id": 57087628, "subject_id": 19034608, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19034608/s57087628/83424810-8794142f-4423b1ac-0a7c7a11-9d33ead0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "059b9391-801a5f89-a850ac2c-562d7a5d-76bebf35", "study_id": 57939077, "subject_id": 19659653, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged,\n with mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta again demonstrated. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality is seen. There are\n mild degenerative changes in thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19659653/s57939077/059b9391-801a5f89-a850ac2c-562d7a5d-76bebf35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9408fe9-280d0923-05893354-e1172660-c31b5bfe", "study_id": 59574538, "subject_id": 15973805, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No free intraperitoneal air. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no\n pneumomediastinum. Vascular stent projects over the upper mediastinum on the\n right. Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen. There is no free\n intraperitoneal air. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15973805/s59574538/e9408fe9-280d0923-05893354-e1172660-c31b5bfe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc6b6cc8-45e1a51a-3a6bcad3-b87b462a-32df3c1e", "study_id": 59532371, "subject_id": 19635895, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumonia.\n \n 2. Pneumatocele present at the left lung base. Recommend shallow oblique\n radiographs for additional evaluation. \n \n 3. This radiograph does not confirm nor exclude the presence of a pulmonary\n embolism, and CT of the chest would be appropriate if suspicion for pulmonary\n embolism is high. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well expanded and\n clear lungs. Incidental note is made of a pneumatocele at the left lung base.\n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. There is pes excavatum.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19635895/s59532371/dc6b6cc8-45e1a51a-3a6bcad3-b87b462a-32df3c1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16948ae4-b8be1fa1-6b1fa93f-30dcaa87-cb904cd1", "study_id": 57776726, "subject_id": 10457182, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size with normal cardiomediastinal\n contours.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10457182/s57776726/16948ae4-b8be1fa1-6b1fa93f-30dcaa87-cb904cd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "035311ba-4de1994e-d6c97a5d-ff9e8d6d-923b5be2", "study_id": 59633458, "subject_id": 11766333, "report": "impression: Mild bilateral pulmonary edema and small right pleural effusion consistent\n with cardiac decompensation. \n \n Findings are communicated with Dr. ___ by Dr.___ ___ telephone ___ min after\n observation at 15:51 on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. \n \n Both right and left lungs exhibit prominent interstitial markings consistent\n with pulmonary edema. A small right pleural effusion is present. The heart\n is mildly enlarged. There is no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. \n Mediastinal contours and pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11766333/s59633458/035311ba-4de1994e-d6c97a5d-ff9e8d6d-923b5be2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aab894ee-e815e7b1-b7e23a02-282fdf64-5f56e546", "study_id": 53023457, "subject_id": 17615451, "report": "impression: No significant change from yesterday. Findings: Right PICC line in unchanged position ending in the cavoatrial junction. No\n significant change from yesterday in heterogeneous right lung opacification,\n mild cardiomegaly and small right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17615451/s53023457/aab894ee-e815e7b1-b7e23a02-282fdf64-5f56e546.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a464cfcf-6042ad53-beed576d-bca68bca-d7a34c88", "study_id": 59954702, "subject_id": 19791131, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs Findings: The lungs are clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19791131/s59954702/a464cfcf-6042ad53-beed576d-bca68bca-d7a34c88.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cf73eb6-049495ea-f7c849bb-64053fbf-e7cc17e0", "study_id": 56672759, "subject_id": 18855412, "report": "AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Status post sternotomy and\n moderate cardiac enlargement as before. Again noted is a general widening and\n elongation of the thoracic aorta, but absence of any local contour\n abnormalities is absurd. Interstitial pulmonary abnormalities prominent in\n left upper lobe area and mid portion of right lung appear unchanged. No\n evidence of new acute pulmonary abnormalities is present and the lateral\n pleural sinuses remain free. A permanent pacer is now seen in left anterior\n axillary position being connected to one intracavitary electrode reaching the\n right atrial area and pointing with its tip towards the tricuspid area and\n probably entering the proximal portion of the lower right ventricle. The tip\n position is somewhat unusual as it does not reach far out in the apical area\n of the right ventricle. Appropriate contact with right ventricular myocardium\n must be assessed flioroscopically during the placement of electrode. \n Referring physician, ___, M.D. was paged at 3:30 p.m.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18855412/s56672759/0cf73eb6-049495ea-f7c849bb-64053fbf-e7cc17e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef6c96db-98e64b67-80520b16-078ca8cf-b676be72", "study_id": 50572348, "subject_id": 14691065, "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided pleural effusion with platelike atelectasis. Please\n note that superimposed infection cannot be entirely excluded however overall\n appearance is similar compared to priors. Findings: There is a persistent right-sided pleural effusion. Linear platelike\n atelectasis is identified at the right lung base and also at the left\n costophrenic angle. Superiorly, the lungs are clear. There is no edema or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14691065/s50572348/ef6c96db-98e64b67-80520b16-078ca8cf-b676be72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73ed7248-ab63d09f-fb185148-39b22712-b106f0ab", "study_id": 56496842, "subject_id": 14190188, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia in the right upper lobe. \n Followup to resolution advised. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is a subtle\n opacity in the right upper lobe projecting just above the minor fissure,\n compatible with pneumonia. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear. There is no\n frank pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. Cervical spinal hardware in the\n lower cervical spine is noted. Otherwise, the imaged osseous structures\n appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14190188/s56496842/73ed7248-ab63d09f-fb185148-39b22712-b106f0ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d21ea004-23097d15-5442c97a-7af1c20c-f8c88470", "study_id": 57280777, "subject_id": 16845756, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is deformity of the right the\n scapula, as mentioned before suggestive of fracture. There are mild\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p16/p16845756/s57280777/d21ea004-23097d15-5442c97a-7af1c20c-f8c88470.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daee624f-4eb37464-58d84dfe-0f187421-c6b263d0", "study_id": 56423388, "subject_id": 10967062, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Visualized lung fields are clear of any focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable. The visualized thoracolumbar spine demonstrates mild to\n moderate S-shaped curvature.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10967062/s56423388/daee624f-4eb37464-58d84dfe-0f187421-c6b263d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "108bca52-a4b59f19-698b9d13-fc84307e-11810a48", "study_id": 56535031, "subject_id": 11000416, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings. No lesion suspicious for pulmonary\n metastases in patient with newly diagnosed colon carcinoma. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. The heart size is normal. \n No configurational abnormality is present. Thoracic aorta and mediastinal\n structures are unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No\n signs of acute or chronic parenchymal infiltrates are present and the pleural\n sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Mild degree of\n anterior wedge deformity of the vertebral body in the mid thoracic spine\n appears unchanged. Thus, no evidence of new acute skeletal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11000416/s56535031/108bca52-a4b59f19-698b9d13-fc84307e-11810a48.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60517497-065eb442-bd2e0b5f-3ad5abca-7b639430", "study_id": 50345300, "subject_id": 15457916, "report": "Bilateral lung volumes are low. Lungs are now better aerated as\n compared to the prior radiograph from ___. Pulmonary edema has\n resolved. Bilateral increased lower lung opacities likely from lobar collapse\n and probable right middle lobe collapse is persisting. Associated bilateral\n mild-to-moderate pleural effusions are similar. Mild- to moderate-sized\n hiatal hernia is present. Aorta is remarkable for moderate atherosclerotic\n calcification and mild tortuosity. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15457916/s50345300/60517497-065eb442-bd2e0b5f-3ad5abca-7b639430.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5d8c59f-b5ac7a8d-9e2deb0e-cc123780-5f9096b6", "study_id": 50289353, "subject_id": 19590832, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and\n mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19590832/s50289353/d5d8c59f-b5ac7a8d-9e2deb0e-cc123780-5f9096b6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "828ec959-b94e2c32-de2620e3-6e10dd90-2821272a", "study_id": 59483170, "subject_id": 19114657, "report": "impression: No evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours.\n The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. No radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19114657/s59483170/828ec959-b94e2c32-de2620e3-6e10dd90-2821272a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97ebe115-673b8e8f-dcd4ebc7-d2cbc712-60fe29be", "study_id": 59501332, "subject_id": 15540774, "report": "impression: Fibrotic changes of both lung apices as well as the calcified\n nodules and lymph nodes likely indicate prior granulomatous infection,\n possibly tuberculosis. Correlate clinically with history. Findings: A calcified nodule is noted projecting adjacent to the right hilum.\n Dense calcified foci also project within the right hilar structures\n themselves. There are linear reticular lines radiating from both apical\n regions, more noticeable on the right with slight upward traction of bilateral\n hila. No consolidation or edema is evident. The mediastinum is otherwise\n unremarkable. The cardiac silhouette is top normal for size. No effusion or\n pneumothorax is noted. The osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15540774/s59501332/97ebe115-673b8e8f-dcd4ebc7-d2cbc712-60fe29be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "148f9aad-e942bf1e-137948b3-4855965b-fa059611", "study_id": 54799024, "subject_id": 10165672, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well-expanded clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is\n stable cardiomegaly. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or\n consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10165672/s54799024/148f9aad-e942bf1e-137948b3-4855965b-fa059611.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48424f76-3d527a89-26fd8ae0-3a79c47a-3f755730", "study_id": 52876646, "subject_id": 12093273, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. No evidence of recent or non-recent granulomatous disease. No\n pleural effusions. No hilar or mediastinal adenopathy.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12093273/s52876646/48424f76-3d527a89-26fd8ae0-3a79c47a-3f755730.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b76e3881-43c1f688-896e8a52-f23bf632-aea3742f", "study_id": 51408621, "subject_id": 18332191, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits and there is no vascular congestion or pleural effusion. \n No acute focal pneumonia.\n Small opacification in the left neck is consistent with calcification in the\n region of the carotid bifurcations.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18332191/s51408621/b76e3881-43c1f688-896e8a52-f23bf632-aea3742f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b1b107d-2c771788-6859fbd5-fdb43aed-cb292ec3", "study_id": 51939676, "subject_id": 12609755, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Large hiatal hernia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm noted. Retrocardiac density is consistent with known large\n hiatal hernia. No evidence of pneumonia or CHF. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears grossly within normal\n limits. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12609755/s51939676/8b1b107d-2c771788-6859fbd5-fdb43aed-cb292ec3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cff27758-a007640c-6bfa972a-4db7bdfc-0645cb1f", "study_id": 55479310, "subject_id": 15145407, "report": "impression: Emphysema. Cardiomegaly, stable. No evidence of edema or infection. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate moderately enlarged heart. There\n is no overt pulmonary edema. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattening of the\n diaphragms bilaterally, consistent with emphysema. No focal opacity\n convincing for pneumonia is identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Calcifications through the aortic arch are noted. Osseous structures\n demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15145407/s55479310/cff27758-a007640c-6bfa972a-4db7bdfc-0645cb1f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33b24dd4-9a13f113-fa7271df-0c23c4df-cf00e94c", "study_id": 55143449, "subject_id": 17083786, "report": "impression: Resolution of right mid lung opacity, which may have been due to\n a localized pneumonia. Findings: Previously described opacity in the right mid lung is no longer\n evident. A small dense nodular opacity at the right lung base is unchanged,\n probably a granuloma. Remainder of lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. No pleural effusion or acute skeletal\n findings.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17083786/s55143449/33b24dd4-9a13f113-fa7271df-0c23c4df-cf00e94c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "857a28bd-f6e28c01-7a66b943-b572b807-f8086af8", "study_id": 53927564, "subject_id": 17807670, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are\n clear. No effusion or pneumothorax is present. Heart and mediastinal\n contours are normal. No pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17807670/s53927564/857a28bd-f6e28c01-7a66b943-b572b807-f8086af8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a31a251-e6b33240-ec00ac6d-1a046b86-aa6c4d39", "study_id": 56878676, "subject_id": 17088480, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Aortic arch\n calcification is noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17088480/s56878676/8a31a251-e6b33240-ec00ac6d-1a046b86-aa6c4d39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8094d95d-e55bd557-ae82a492-5c2ebd84-88f5de6f", "study_id": 57799331, "subject_id": 10898945, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No focal consolidation is identified. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are stable. There is\n persistent asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Surgical clips project over the right upper\n quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10898945/s57799331/8094d95d-e55bd557-ae82a492-5c2ebd84-88f5de6f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b36cd476-0b1b07d1-7ac9fc13-bb8030a4-546d87da", "study_id": 58721227, "subject_id": 17759021, "report": "The left basal chest tube has been removed since the preceding\n radiograph. No pneumothorax is identified. Increased atelectasis in the left\n lower lobe and a small stable left pleural effusion are noted. The right lung\n is clear. A small amount of pneumomediastinum is expected postoperatively. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG with wires intact. The\n cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17759021/s58721227/b36cd476-0b1b07d1-7ac9fc13-bb8030a4-546d87da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2bc9b07d-e3d9ad09-2ac66ed8-14d69857-bd037c65", "study_id": 50083847, "subject_id": 11012243, "report": "impression: Worsening bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Worsening of bilateral pleural effusions, especially on the right, with\n bibasilar atelectasis. Mild vascular congestion unchanged. Enlarged cardiac\n silhouette, unchanged from previous. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11012243/s50083847/2bc9b07d-e3d9ad09-2ac66ed8-14d69857-bd037c65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b9373c9-bc16160b-5ba2cb3e-607c109d-9b465a68", "study_id": 52415227, "subject_id": 13789585, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13789585/s52415227/5b9373c9-bc16160b-5ba2cb3e-607c109d-9b465a68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bcfcb62-99395658-c58ae0f9-b8e66374-8cd1ed7b", "study_id": 56018081, "subject_id": 17024993, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17024993/s56018081/9bcfcb62-99395658-c58ae0f9-b8e66374-8cd1ed7b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d98d288a-fbd7b883-f5b4d9ee-300d9ce5-586d1361", "study_id": 54352074, "subject_id": 15589901, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process; specifically, no evidence of a pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No\n fracture is identified. Surgical clips are noted in the right axilla from a\n prior lymph node dissection. Surgical clips are also noted the right upper\n quadrant from a prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15589901/s54352074/d98d288a-fbd7b883-f5b4d9ee-300d9ce5-586d1361.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2afa7cb-0116c72d-4e0408e7-01410d7b-a779c865", "study_id": 58217888, "subject_id": 11443713, "report": "impression: Resolution of previously seen multifocal right pulmonary opacities with new\n right mid lung and left lower lobe opacities. Given the waxing and waning\n fleeting opacities, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia or Loffler syndrome are\n on the differential. Vasculitis is also possible; although, less likely given\n the time course. If clinically warranted correlation with tissue diagnosis\n could be considered. Findings: There is stable moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. A dual lead\n left chest wall pacer is in unchanged position with the leads in the expected\n location of the right atrium right ventricle. The previously seen multifocal\n opacities have largely resolved; however, there is a new focal opacity in the\n right middle lobe and possibly in the left lower lobe. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11443713/s58217888/b2afa7cb-0116c72d-4e0408e7-01410d7b-a779c865.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b51a07c5-c94f8ced-d2c203d1-e58b4bc9-50480482", "study_id": 50287281, "subject_id": 17475607, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.\n 2. Bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Mild emphysema involving the biapical lung is unchanged. Linear bibasilar\n atelectasis is present. The cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouette is normal.\n No evidence of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17475607/s50287281/b51a07c5-c94f8ced-d2c203d1-e58b4bc9-50480482.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b36f2b45-939a90d9-a1ea1035-403ef0af-ab8f7130", "study_id": 57726670, "subject_id": 19767548, "report": "impression: Minimal left basilar atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided central venous catheter tip terminates in the lower SVC. The\n heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There\n is no pulmonary vascular congestion. Streaky opacity within the left lung\n base likely reflects atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. \"Rugger ___\" spine is compatible with renal\n osteodystrophy.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19767548/s57726670/b36f2b45-939a90d9-a1ea1035-403ef0af-ab8f7130.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8837cbaf-957b6664-d3e9d64c-d6a96269-21489128", "study_id": 50360476, "subject_id": 18715578, "report": "impression: Subsegmental atelectasis/ scarring. No pleural effusion. Findings: Linear, streaky areas of opacity in the left mid to lower lung and possibly at\n the right lung base are most consistent with subsegmental atelectasis. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable and stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18715578/s50360476/8837cbaf-957b6664-d3e9d64c-d6a96269-21489128.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74992b2e-1765658a-cfd90d6f-e1e12ef1-9daca286", "study_id": 54992807, "subject_id": 15428406, "report": "impression: 1. Right PICC ending in the proximal right atrium should be retracted 2-3 cm\n to place in the low SVC.\n 2. Unchanged low lung volumes and mild bibasilar atelectasis.\n 3. Increased pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The endotracheal tube, enteric tube and right PICC line are\n unchanged in position. The right PICC still ends in the proximal right atrium\n and should be retracted approximately 3 cm to place in the low SVC. Vascular\n congestion is increased from the prior study without overt edema. The lung\n volumes are slightly decreased from ___. No significant pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. There is persistent plate-like atelectasis at the\n right lung base and mild left basilar atelectasis. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged but stable. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15428406/s54992807/74992b2e-1765658a-cfd90d6f-e1e12ef1-9daca286.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cd1e8b8-3928c898-0af77c49-8eea1d2d-84c9b8ec", "study_id": 59749484, "subject_id": 12324075, "report": "impression: 1. Large left-sided basilar pneumothorax with possible rightward shift of the\n mediastinum raising concern for tension pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Gaseous distension of the stomach; consider placement of a NG tube for\n decompression. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates oblique\n positioning of the patient. There is a large left-sided basal pneumothorax\n with associated rightward shift of the mediastinum, raising concern for\n tension pneumothorax. There may be a small right-sided pleural effusion with\n adjacent atelectasis. Assessment of endotracheal tube positioning is made\n difficult based on the patient's position; however, the endotracheal tube ends\n at the level of the clavicular heads. Note is made of gaseous distension of\n the stomach.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12324075/s59749484/2cd1e8b8-3928c898-0af77c49-8eea1d2d-84c9b8ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f235b39-b6dbd536-35df1a2c-c345662a-e273a0f2", "study_id": 51403117, "subject_id": 12500505, "report": "impression: Slight blunting of the posterior left costophrenic angle could be\n due to pleural thickening versus trace pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. As\n previously seen there is slight blunting of the posterior left costophrenic\n angle, could be due to pleural thickening versus trace pleural effusion. \n Otherwise, no large pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the aorta unfolded and the\n cardiac silhouette top normal to mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12500505/s51403117/1f235b39-b6dbd536-35df1a2c-c345662a-e273a0f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "955ae795-1141e774-6f5f2787-fb89a681-0f3d878e", "study_id": 55713623, "subject_id": 11892979, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the image is now performed\n in expiration. There is no substantial difference in appearance of the known\n pneumonia and empyema on the right. A plate-like atelectasis has newly\n occurred on the left. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No\n visualization of an apical right pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11892979/s55713623/955ae795-1141e774-6f5f2787-fb89a681-0f3d878e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ab70395-9e3c7855-54bc3dd2-be74c851-b61785e7", "study_id": 55215333, "subject_id": 17632590, "report": "impression: Possible early pneumonia in the superior segment of the left\n lower lobe Findings: There is increased opacity projecting\n over the left hilum and over the mid thoracic spine on the lateral view, which\n may reflect early developing consolidation in the appropriate clinical\n setting. No pleural effusion is identified. Cardiac contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17632590/s55215333/3ab70395-9e3c7855-54bc3dd2-be74c851-b61785e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "237f17c1-7fbcfddd-7398861e-89ca4775-4794a70d", "study_id": 56432112, "subject_id": 17225083, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n chronic pulmonary disease in a patient with dual-channel pacemaker in place. \n Areas of reticular change at the right base suggests chronic post-surgical\n changes. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17225083/s56432112/237f17c1-7fbcfddd-7398861e-89ca4775-4794a70d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68a72c5e-936c987c-7e7f0890-a36a8427-f5a42238", "study_id": 54051271, "subject_id": 16573000, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly, but no acute cardiopulmonary process. No change\n from prior. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___.\n \n Given differences in positioning and technique, there has been no significant\n interval change. There is no confluent consolidation or large effusion. \n Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable compared to prior. Single-lead\n pacing device is seen with single lead tips projecting over the right\n ventricle. Hypertrophic changes are seen in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16573000/s54051271/68a72c5e-936c987c-7e7f0890-a36a8427-f5a42238.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c055021-6eda8d61-e4b4e7e0-ae42578f-0d1881f7", "study_id": 51758060, "subject_id": 17080143, "report": "In comparison with the prior study, there may be a mild worsening\n in the substantial left pleural effusion. There is an area of opacification\n at the right base which, in the appropriate clinical setting, could be\n consistent with a developing consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17080143/s51758060/4c055021-6eda8d61-e4b4e7e0-ae42578f-0d1881f7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c924f578-30ba9356-8044842a-dd8fba10-72d5c910", "study_id": 50411581, "subject_id": 12806204, "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral pleural effusions, moderate on the left and trace on the right\n with likely a loculated component on the lateral right pleural surface. \n \n 2. Pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right.\n \n 3. Left basilar atelectasis. Underlying infectious component cannot be\n completely excluded. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest demonstrate dual lead left-sided\n pacemaker in unchanged position with leads in the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Since the prior study, there has been interval development of a\n moderate left pleural effusion, as well as blunting of the right costophrenic\n angle representing a small pleural effusion, perhaps slightly increased since\n the prior. Additionally, there is persistence of curved opacity along the\n lateral right pleural surface which is unchanged since the prior study and\n could be due to a loculated pleural effusion or pleural thickening. There is\n also evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion and fluid overload with\n pulmonary edema, more prominent on the right. There is no pneumothorax. \n There is atelectasis at the left lung base, however an infectious component\n cannot be completely excluded.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12806204/s50411581/c924f578-30ba9356-8044842a-dd8fba10-72d5c910.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8fcdad2-ad9e5f9e-9b3e0a0d-ac9c4e2b-63e74390", "study_id": 58715558, "subject_id": 13878740, "report": "impression: New focal opacity projecting over the left mid lung field, which could reflect\n an area of infection. Findings: Heart size is borderline enlarged, but normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n are similar with widening of the inferior mediastinal contour compatible with\n known esophageal varices. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. New focal opacity\n is seen projecting over the left mid lung field, which could reflect an area\n of infection. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n identified. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13878740/s58715558/f8fcdad2-ad9e5f9e-9b3e0a0d-ac9c4e2b-63e74390.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de8d3258-3ca52902-04c83219-a3ed8763-f5ce26fc", "study_id": 51430341, "subject_id": 19856485, "report": "impression: Osseous metastatic disease. No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath resides over the\n left chest wall with catheter tip in the region of the mid to low SVC.\n Surgical clips project over the right chest wall. The lungs appear clear\n without focal consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. Diffuse sclerotic\n appearance of the bony structures is consistent with metastatic disease as\n seen on prior CT. No definite sign of pathological fracture.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19856485/s51430341/de8d3258-3ca52902-04c83219-a3ed8763-f5ce26fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84a927d5-99257194-d65b6551-a29e827e-118e4874", "study_id": 59878758, "subject_id": 17775867, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and cardiomegaly. Small left pleural\n effusion Findings: There is pulmonary vascular congestion without frank edema. No focal\n consolidation is identified. There is a small left pleural effusion. The\n cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. No pneumothorax is identified. There\n is unchanged asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Chronic\n deformity of the right shoulder is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17775867/s59878758/84a927d5-99257194-d65b6551-a29e827e-118e4874.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c37ec5f8-3aa4c505-36e0d679-6fecbf60-01eae6a7", "study_id": 59344045, "subject_id": 19684880, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19684880/s59344045/c37ec5f8-3aa4c505-36e0d679-6fecbf60-01eae6a7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83b428a8-e4e6bae8-89f51ba6-44e7469d-5e8df264", "study_id": 56231924, "subject_id": 10793998, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10793998/s56231924/83b428a8-e4e6bae8-89f51ba6-44e7469d-5e8df264.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "320f9f9d-f6e61f42-1ba75507-dc3310f5-f6067846", "study_id": 55267093, "subject_id": 10899790, "report": "impression: 1. Right lower lobe opacity, likely a combination of airspace disease\n (atelectasis or pneumonia) and effusion.\n 2. Retrocardiac opacities may reflect areas of subsegmental atelectasis.\n 3. Increased pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema.\n 4. Stable moderate cardiomegaly Findings: The examination is limited\n secondary to patient's inability to cooperate. The left costophrenic angle is\n excluded from the film. There is near-complete opacification of the right\n lung base, likely a combination of new pleural effusion and consolidation. \n Density in the retrocardiac region is less severe than the right. There is\n increased central pulmonary vascular congestion as compared to prior. The\n thoracic aorta appears tortuous. Cardiac contours remain enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10899790/s55267093/320f9f9d-f6e61f42-1ba75507-dc3310f5-f6067846.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9133a19-71cb0a35-d2334e39-37d30ed0-397ed4b6", "study_id": 58702683, "subject_id": 10766043, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Hypertrophic changes are seen in the spine. No acute\n osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10766043/s58702683/d9133a19-71cb0a35-d2334e39-37d30ed0-397ed4b6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0118e62c-6302ba87-08abd0d6-67144191-87813b1f", "study_id": 52789592, "subject_id": 12668116, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged moderate sized right pleural effusion. Nodular pleural thickening\n in the right hemithorax appears progressed in the interval and likely reflects\n worsening pleural metastases.\n \n 2. Right basilar opacification likely reflects atelectasis though infection\n is difficult to exclude, and appears minimally worse when compared to the\n prior exam. \n \n 3. Relatively unchanged left lung pulmonary nodules, compatible with\n metastases. Findings: Moderate sized right pleural effusion is relatively unchanged in size compared\n to the prior exam. Adjacent opacification within the right lung base likely\n reflects atelectasis though infection cannot be completely excluded, and the\n degree of opacification has slightly worsened compared to the prior exam.\n Irregular nodular pleural thickening on the right extends to the lung apex and\n appears progressed in the interval. Multiple left lung nodules are again\n demonstrated, better seen on the prior CT, compatible with metastases. There\n is no left-sided pleural effusion, new focal consolidation, or pneumothorax\n identified. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged\n although the cardiac silhouette size is difficult to assess given the presence\n of the right-sided pleural effusion. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12668116/s52789592/0118e62c-6302ba87-08abd0d6-67144191-87813b1f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7d40e17-af1d0da2-25b67039-d0523ba2-df4f74f3", "study_id": 54915184, "subject_id": 16450946, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Upper lobe lucency\n and splaying of bronchovasculature is concerning for underlying emphysema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16450946/s54915184/f7d40e17-af1d0da2-25b67039-d0523ba2-df4f74f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc744aa1-e56e6021-e0a1fe1d-39aff52a-c69da6c9", "study_id": 58770592, "subject_id": 19166250, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Mild cardiomegaly. Tortuous\n aorta. No pulmonary edema. Findings: Mild left basilar atelectasis is seen without definite focal consolidation. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The aorta is unfolded and\n tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. No pulmonary edema is\n seen. Prominent main pulmonary artery was better assessed on prior CT from ___.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19166250/s58770592/cc744aa1-e56e6021-e0a1fe1d-39aff52a-c69da6c9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7af64574-d4f86644-3b93e5ec-082f00ea-a15b81db", "study_id": 57173043, "subject_id": 18852216, "report": "As the lung volumes are low. Borderline size of the cardiac\n silhouette with moderate tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Moderate increase\n in diameter of the pulmonary vasculature, notably in the perihilar areas,\n which suggestive of mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema, notably as combines to\n slightly enlarged azygos vein. No other lung parenchymal changes, in\n particular no evidence of pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18852216/s57173043/7af64574-d4f86644-3b93e5ec-082f00ea-a15b81db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c039f36d-962c1137-e7e3095c-d74e0a66-1d28833a", "study_id": 52320556, "subject_id": 12902491, "report": "impression: Persistent right basal consolidation and small to moderate\n bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there is\n persistent basal consolidation on the right and small to moderate bilateral\n pleural effusions. There is some vascular congestion. The azygos vein is\n slightly distended. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is stable. A\n tracheostomy tube is slightly tilted, likely positional. A left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged with a single lead terminating in the right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12902491/s52320556/c039f36d-962c1137-e7e3095c-d74e0a66-1d28833a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "996b49b3-7c9c8a44-856abc6c-b21107cd-56d2e753", "study_id": 58936106, "subject_id": 19981210, "report": "impression: Minimal atelectasis in the lung bases, lungs are otherwise clear. Findings: Mild linear opacities in the lung bases have slightly increased can be\n increasing atelectasis. No pulmonary edema. Mild cardiac enlargement. Pacer\n wires in the right atrium and right ventricle. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19981210/s58936106/996b49b3-7c9c8a44-856abc6c-b21107cd-56d2e753.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2599b720-e0a5ba5a-b380ca58-020cbda6-e8ada63c", "study_id": 51492187, "subject_id": 12719221, "report": "impression: No radiographic explanation for chest pain. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12719221/s51492187/2599b720-e0a5ba5a-b380ca58-020cbda6-e8ada63c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a850f06e-5495d2af-b7692c4f-86d8b6a9-99a83329", "study_id": 57761414, "subject_id": 16353532, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right-sided internal jugular vein catheter. The tip of the catheter projects\n over the mid SVC. The appearance of the left pectoral pacemaker, the\n post-surgical clips, the sternal wires and vertebral fixation devices are\n unchanged. Unchanged appearance of the lung parenchyma, unchanged size and\n appearance of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16353532/s57761414/a850f06e-5495d2af-b7692c4f-86d8b6a9-99a83329.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03ef30c4-d355366d-96a4cd08-24a52a5e-a4352571", "study_id": 51723768, "subject_id": 16170478, "report": "impression: Opacity at the left base worrisome for pneumonia. Followup radiographs in 6\n weeks after treatment are recommended to confirm resolution. Findings: Opacity at the left base is worrisome for pneumonia. There are calcified\n granulomas projecting over the right upper lung. The heart is not enlarged. \n There are calcified right hilar lymph nodes. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16170478/s51723768/03ef30c4-d355366d-96a4cd08-24a52a5e-a4352571.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7277770b-c660c009-94b476f9-6c332897-a51e7606", "study_id": 51651700, "subject_id": 17610678, "report": "impression: 1. Right base opacity raises concern for consolidation, possibly due to\n infection or aspiration.\n 2. Chronic changes of COPD/pulmonary emphysema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms and areas of left base\n scarring suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. The\n patient is rotated to the right. New since the prior study, there is right\n basilar opacity, raising concern for infection or aspiration. The cardiac\n silhouette remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is slight\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which may relate to the hyperinflated\n lungs and basilar scarring without definite pleural effusion seen. There is\n no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17610678/s51651700/7277770b-c660c009-94b476f9-6c332897-a51e7606.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "293820ba-da0983c5-a01a523c-5883ec6b-cc75103e", "study_id": 55461002, "subject_id": 15801929, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Patchy bibasilar opacities\n concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Findings: There is increased perihilar haziness compared to the most recent\n prior study of ___, with vascular prominence suggesting mild\n interstitial pulmonary edema. Prominence at the right hilum is unchanged from\n multiple prior studies. No significant pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Patchy opacities in the bilateral lung bases on the left greater\n than the right are concerning for multifocal pneumonia. The cardiac\n silhouette is top normal in size, but stable. The mediastinal contours are\n within normal limits with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, as before. \n Multilevel mild degenerative changes are noted throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15801929/s55461002/293820ba-da0983c5-a01a523c-5883ec6b-cc75103e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b950563-6eba83f4-e8e79c92-b6d8f759-d19cf2b3", "study_id": 51425411, "subject_id": 16517237, "report": "Tip of endotracheal tube terminates approximately 8 cm above the\n carina and could be advanced a few centimeters for standard positioning. \n Stable cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and small\n pleural effusions. Bibasilar retrocardiac atelectasis is present, with\n interval worsening on the left.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16517237/s51425411/8b950563-6eba83f4-e8e79c92-b6d8f759-d19cf2b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ba87e9a-4f1f6c5d-1e93b330-bda5dbb1-8366dc3b", "study_id": 56670887, "subject_id": 19819996, "report": "impression: ET tube terminating 4.2 cm above the carina. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 4.2 cm above the\n carina. Again seen are widespread reticular parenchymal opacities, minimally\n changed over multiple prior radiographs, corresponding to a mixture of\n emphysema and minimal subpleural fibrotic changes better seen on prior CT\n examinations. There is no pneumothorax or large effusion. The left\n costophrenic angle is difficult to assess due to patient rotation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19819996/s56670887/3ba87e9a-4f1f6c5d-1e93b330-bda5dbb1-8366dc3b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6efba042-120f6000-880baccb-99a41aab-badca36e", "study_id": 52698522, "subject_id": 19865976, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Otherwise no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval removal of right IJ central venous catheter. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. The hila and pulmonary vasculature are normal. Left\n pleural effusion is mild. No right-sided pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19865976/s52698522/6efba042-120f6000-880baccb-99a41aab-badca36e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b19b614-c01aa87e-c30fd890-4d7a6494-f5797f48", "study_id": 55526795, "subject_id": 19489758, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. The mediastinum is not widened. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. There is\n no widening of the mediastinum. No pulmonary edema is seen. No displaced\n fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19489758/s55526795/4b19b614-c01aa87e-c30fd890-4d7a6494-f5797f48.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "367fa9fe-8f3600d2-d12f420f-6645d477-942c36f9", "study_id": 59479813, "subject_id": 15810543, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. No prior. Low lung\n volumes are noted. Lungs are clear without consolidation or effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15810543/s59479813/367fa9fe-8f3600d2-d12f420f-6645d477-942c36f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d2f5ab2-5b01bd94-06a1dadb-6b65cda6-6b6a6c37", "study_id": 56218765, "subject_id": 19188104, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax or other acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Unchanged widening\n of the left mediastinum corresponds to a known descending thoracic aortic\n aneurysm. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n Heart size is normal. Marked widening of the left mediastinum is unchanged\n and corresponds to a known descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. \n Cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes are otherwise unchanged and unremarkable. \n Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19188104/s56218765/9d2f5ab2-5b01bd94-06a1dadb-6b65cda6-6b6a6c37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "583fa97a-464f9ed5-2afbf4dc-c0c00f54-25445b7d", "study_id": 58132828, "subject_id": 10319651, "report": "impression: New bibasilar opacities, worse on the left. Pulmonary vascular\n congestion and probable bilateral pleural effusions. These findings are\n concerning for pneumonia in the proper clinical setting. Recommend short\n interval followup after treatment to document resolution. If symptoms are not\n compatible with pneumonia, recommend chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: A left-sided pacemaker is again seen with leads terminating in the right\n atrium and right ventricle, expected location. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. There are new increased retrocardiac and right lung base\n opacities, worse on the left. There is pulmonary vascular congestion. There\n are stable left costophrenic sulcus changes likely due to scarring and pleural\n thickening. There are however, probable new bilateral pleural effusions. \n There is no pneumothorax. Surgical clips are seen in the right upper\n quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10319651/s58132828/583fa97a-464f9ed5-2afbf4dc-c0c00f54-25445b7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "379fd174-811482dc-beeba7ba-4fec757d-69adc577", "study_id": 51674623, "subject_id": 17134675, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the\n malpositioned PICC line has been shifted so that the tip is in good position\n in the mid portion of the SVC. Otherwise, little change.\n \n This information has been telephoned to ___, venous access nurse.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17134675/s51674623/379fd174-811482dc-beeba7ba-4fec757d-69adc577.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8506ff0f-187f725b-c630ab79-d7e1cb43-fac47b60", "study_id": 51759567, "subject_id": 16421543, "report": "impression: Findings as stated above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Multiple known lung nodules are\n better visualized on prior CT chest. There is no convincing evidence of\n pneumonia or edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears similar with\n mediastinal prominence reflecting known right hilar and suprahilar mass. \n Aortic calcifications again noted. Bony structures appear grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16421543/s51759567/8506ff0f-187f725b-c630ab79-d7e1cb43-fac47b60.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "867de850-704e53d2-bfa9895c-f40d5843-1a1f3f64", "study_id": 56128279, "subject_id": 12135022, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with increased basilar atelectasis and bilateral moderate\n pleural effusions.\n Acute left rib fractures with adjacent hematoma. Findings: The endotracheal tube tip projects approximately 3.5 cm above the carina. An\n esophageal catheter courses below the diaphragm with tip out of view. Lung\n volumes are low with moderate bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax is detected on these views. Acute left-sided\n rib fractures with large adjacent hematoma are better seen on prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12135022/s56128279/867de850-704e53d2-bfa9895c-f40d5843-1a1f3f64.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce176879-af91d3ca-1a83a29d-90e9c6a0-8dd4c9e7", "study_id": 59436549, "subject_id": 18055482, "report": "There is a large amount of free air underneath each hemidiaphragm. By history,\n the patient recently had G-tube placement. \n \n There is volume loss at both bases with more focal opacity in the left lower\n lobe. there is likely an infiltrate and effusion in this region. There is\n minimal pulmonary vascular redistribution. \n \n Findings discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ by Dr. ___ at the time of\n interpretation of the film.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18055482/s59436549/ce176879-af91d3ca-1a83a29d-90e9c6a0-8dd4c9e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "074e3e26-45590990-2cd10c4f-4cd1733b-b9096742", "study_id": 50372596, "subject_id": 15958901, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographic examination. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15958901/s50372596/074e3e26-45590990-2cd10c4f-4cd1733b-b9096742.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95c653ca-e3bca78f-ac32ad0b-5fbfaf9b-6e58ac9c", "study_id": 55286743, "subject_id": 10530565, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10530565/s55286743/95c653ca-e3bca78f-ac32ad0b-5fbfaf9b-6e58ac9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ddcad44b-ffbc3938-fc20e06b-3303ca6c-572e5e77", "study_id": 58391572, "subject_id": 19180828, "report": "impression: No opacity concerning for pneumonia. Findings: Evaluation of the lateral views is limited due to patient's arm positioning. \n The lung volumes are low which causes apparent enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette. The aorta is slightly unfolded. The lungs are clear without\n focal opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are degenerative\n changes in the right acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular joints.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19180828/s58391572/ddcad44b-ffbc3938-fc20e06b-3303ca6c-572e5e77.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d9af315-fe61d1f2-521ac2c0-f73b492b-8a813fb4", "study_id": 50730601, "subject_id": 15160486, "report": "impression: Findings suggestive of a large recurrent partly loculated\n effusion in the right lower hemithorax. Suspicious nodule in the right upper\n lobe, potentially increased somewhat. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is a large bulging opacity in the posterior lower right hemithorax which\n suggests a large loculated pleural effusion. A more free flowing portion of\n the effusion has also increased more anteriorly with possible patchy\n coinciding atelectasis. A suspicious nodule persists in the right upper lung.\n Possibly a right upper lung nodule has increased, but change could be better\n appreciated by comparing with CT if needed. The left lung remains clear with\n no effusion. The bones are probably demineralized to some extent.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15160486/s50730601/8d9af315-fe61d1f2-521ac2c0-f73b492b-8a813fb4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba572419-84bf7a17-5e5b0f54-5d1a6d67-968d4009", "study_id": 59040316, "subject_id": 14440957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are\n well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14440957/s59040316/ba572419-84bf7a17-5e5b0f54-5d1a6d67-968d4009.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a94ad1a2-02082d52-dcbb8cf5-afe44fc9-95748690", "study_id": 58875372, "subject_id": 11015309, "report": "impression: Mild small airways disease.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by telephone at 9:51\n a.m. on ___ at the time of discovery of these findings. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Mild peribronchial cuffing and interstitial prominence suggests small airways\n disease. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11015309/s58875372/a94ad1a2-02082d52-dcbb8cf5-afe44fc9-95748690.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "460860d8-e960f32f-d317bfaf-19750df3-f85e0047", "study_id": 52162484, "subject_id": 19294857, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged.\n Triple lead left-sided pacer device is seen with the proximal aspect of 1 lead\n appearing abandoned.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19294857/s52162484/460860d8-e960f32f-d317bfaf-19750df3-f85e0047.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76dc1edf-4e27cad5-7a75fe43-bdfbf6e8-f3f93ff6", "study_id": 57806288, "subject_id": 13312240, "report": "impression: No fracture identified. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change. There is\n no mediastinal widening, pneumothorax, fracture or new infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13312240/s57806288/76dc1edf-4e27cad5-7a75fe43-bdfbf6e8-f3f93ff6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de89d6cc-774c5ffa-9e9b8e9f-fabc6f1e-9c5a63e2", "study_id": 57748144, "subject_id": 17360908, "report": "impression: Moderate left-sided pleural effusion. No evidence of free\n intraperitoneal air below the diaphragm. Findings: Single portable view of the chest was compared to previous exam\n from ___. Right IJ and central line and NG tube are no longer\n seen. There is a left-sided pleural effusion. The lungs elsewhere are clear.\n Peripherally calcified rounded densities seen in the left upper quadrant. \n There is, however, no evidence of free intraperitoneal air. Osseous and soft\n tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17360908/s57748144/de89d6cc-774c5ffa-9e9b8e9f-fabc6f1e-9c5a63e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac67bdf5-01e1a555-6011d1a0-11f2bd1e-47423d70", "study_id": 56160411, "subject_id": 12878999, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12878999/s56160411/ac67bdf5-01e1a555-6011d1a0-11f2bd1e-47423d70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbda66eb-e967a3e7-0c21088e-963c4e22-9405f280", "study_id": 58181150, "subject_id": 14718684, "report": "impression: Lower lung atelectasis. Limited exam. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. The patient's\n kyphotic positioning limits the evaluation with patient's chin obscuring the\n superior mediastinum. There are bilateral linear opacities in the lower\n lungs, most compatible with atelectasis. No convincing signs of pneumonia,\n CHF, or pleural effusion. The heart size cannot be assessed. Mediastinal\n contours cannot be assessed. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14718684/s58181150/dbda66eb-e967a3e7-0c21088e-963c4e22-9405f280.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98388f96-b6043c01-f501e63d-a2966b8f-2479710a", "study_id": 53054919, "subject_id": 10624517, "report": "impression: Stable moderate-sized left, and increasing small-to-moderate\n right pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Infection at the lung\n bases is not excluded. Findings: Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker leads\n terminate in the right atrium and right ventricle and are in unchanged\n positions. Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette size is stable. \n There are bilateral pleural effusions, moderate on the left, which is\n relatively unchanged, and small-to-moderate on the right, which appears\n increased when compared to the prior exam. Bibasilar airspace opacities may\n reflect atelectasis, but infection in these regions cannot be excluded. There\n is no pulmonary vascular engorgement. No pneumothorax is present. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10624517/s53054919/98388f96-b6043c01-f501e63d-a2966b8f-2479710a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84995503-ec7bbf66-05e9bd86-77f0384c-c52b5e7c", "study_id": 54066929, "subject_id": 12138569, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. New bibasilar atelectasis, infection or aspiration. . \n Possible tiny right effusion. Mild pulmonary edema is difficult to exclude\n given very low lung volumes. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Lung volumes are low\n which accentuates bronchovascular markings. Given that there are prominent\n interstitial markings bilaterally as well as bibasilar opacities, right\n greater than left which could represent atelectasis or infection in the\n appropriate clinical setting. There may be a small right pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12138569/s54066929/84995503-ec7bbf66-05e9bd86-77f0384c-c52b5e7c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a37f2c06-9e3bb04c-58ebc26a-aff49554-16ab7964", "study_id": 51327906, "subject_id": 13712785, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are essentially unchanged. Bilateral pulmonary opacifications\n persist. However, the pneumothorax on the right has essentially cleared.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13712785/s51327906/a37f2c06-9e3bb04c-58ebc26a-aff49554-16ab7964.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3753fa8d-30469a02-355f5443-9d63ef6f-5336f2da", "study_id": 59004865, "subject_id": 10367718, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. A\n coronary stent projects over the heart. Imaged osseous structures are intact.\n Mild elevation the right hemidiaphragm noted. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10367718/s59004865/3753fa8d-30469a02-355f5443-9d63ef6f-5336f2da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5312a94-297bb17c-28e44c8a-4d1f7b5e-e5c81e29", "study_id": 54943606, "subject_id": 18547656, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Stable areas of scarring in the\n right lung. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is a stable\n appearance of the chest with no focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n Subtle reticular opacity in the periphery of the right ling is is stable and\n likely correspond with subpleural scarring seen on the prior CT.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Old right rib cage deformity is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18547656/s54943606/b5312a94-297bb17c-28e44c8a-4d1f7b5e-e5c81e29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1ee14db-19e490a3-ba130ad0-2af764b7-74e57e50", "study_id": 59367105, "subject_id": 16076716, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs with no remaining evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest demonstrate well expanded lungs\n which are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures\n are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16076716/s59367105/a1ee14db-19e490a3-ba130ad0-2af764b7-74e57e50.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fffb8ea-64bd0988-e082992c-73e520b9-d03da6fa", "study_id": 51440929, "subject_id": 18096024, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes. Moderate cardiomegaly, minimal pleural effusions\n and minimal fluid overload. Unchanged monitoring and support devices, no\n interval appearance of new parenchymal changes.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18096024/s51440929/0fffb8ea-64bd0988-e082992c-73e520b9-d03da6fa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9965997-c3bd785b-fe346c90-239bde00-f7d09442", "study_id": 57924354, "subject_id": 12946414, "report": "impression: Mild hilar congestion with small right pleural effusion, stable mild cardiac\n enlargement. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. The heart remains mildly\n prominent. There is mild hilar congestion without frank pulmonary edema. \n There is a small right pleural effusion which is unchanged. No convincing\n evidence for pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal contour is normal. \n Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12946414/s57924354/b9965997-c3bd785b-fe346c90-239bde00-f7d09442.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61436ee1-b51e7f41-75a3a5ce-f1a07c2e-f97e5546", "study_id": 57552847, "subject_id": 17998007, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17998007/s57552847/61436ee1-b51e7f41-75a3a5ce-f1a07c2e-f97e5546.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "968dd604-6aee40c2-31c9ac26-75ad5824-0b05fbe9", "study_id": 56195981, "subject_id": 13972277, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and mild vascular congestion. Findings: A ventriculoperitoneal shunt courses\n through the soft tissues and into the abdomen. The lung volumes are low which\n causes crowding of the bronchovascular structures. There is mild vascular\n congestion and moderate cardiomegaly. There is no pulmonary edema, effusion\n or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13972277/s56195981/968dd604-6aee40c2-31c9ac26-75ad5824-0b05fbe9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08ddc4d6-7828b919-c59b957f-084560bb-320b3072", "study_id": 59648343, "subject_id": 17957994, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Projecting over the\n left lower hemithorax, there is a rounded 3.5 cm structure which on the\n lateral view appears to project over the skin of the left breast. Correlate\n for external artifact at this location.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17957994/s59648343/08ddc4d6-7828b919-c59b957f-084560bb-320b3072.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "beb1f482-947ff677-9a30aa5e-e7737117-1ea6ef7a", "study_id": 51118389, "subject_id": 19718601, "report": "impression: Very low lung volumes resulting in the bibasilar linear opacities,\n likely atelectasis. A repeat chest radiograph with greater inspiratory effort\n could be obtained if there remains high clinical concern for basilar\n consolidation. Findings: The lung volumes are very low in\n comparison to the ___ examination, resulting in bronchovascular\n crowding. Bibasilar linear opacities are most compatible with atelectasis. A\n right-sided Port-A-Cath remains unchanged in position, terminating at the\n upper right atrium. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart\n size is top normal, and the hilar and mediastinal contours remain within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19718601/s51118389/beb1f482-947ff677-9a30aa5e-e7737117-1ea6ef7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8fc640fd-f8889cae-dea14331-940d4360-1ce8a604", "study_id": 54030986, "subject_id": 19131119, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There has\n been no significant interval change. No definite focal consolidation is seen.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable. Mild degenerative changes are seen along the spine. \n Surgical clips are seen in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19131119/s54030986/8fc640fd-f8889cae-dea14331-940d4360-1ce8a604.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e8177e4-d7f8c3dd-dcba41b5-fb48752c-c5654a31", "study_id": 50306949, "subject_id": 11229078, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within\n normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11229078/s50306949/2e8177e4-d7f8c3dd-dcba41b5-fb48752c-c5654a31.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "133ee613-e92dd8a1-e4e29b56-8b17d806-f8af14b5", "study_id": 50093061, "subject_id": 12685951, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Clear lungs bilaterally without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour and hila are normal. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12685951/s50093061/133ee613-e92dd8a1-e4e29b56-8b17d806-f8af14b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78a75467-73b8d191-f2870518-e29dbad9-0a076f85", "study_id": 51799458, "subject_id": 14030959, "report": "impression: Diffuse, bilateral airspace disease highly suggestive of\n pneumonia. In the setting of immunocompromise, PCP pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. Findings: There are diffuse, bilateral airspace opacities, more severe on the\n left than the right. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n identified. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14030959/s51799458/78a75467-73b8d191-f2870518-e29dbad9-0a076f85.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b91f099-19302ec7-d59aff58-ebd73d3b-a0dfbcc6", "study_id": 51698799, "subject_id": 16296993, "report": "impression: Acute decompensation of chronically enlarged heart. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lung volumes are low. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is chronic, but worsened engorgement and cephalization\n of lung vessels is consistent with acute cardiac decompsation. Lungs are\n clear . The aortic knob is calcified. No substantial pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16296993/s51698799/9b91f099-19302ec7-d59aff58-ebd73d3b-a0dfbcc6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2bcd5108-6476b99d-3408738f-f5cfd958-6abb52dd", "study_id": 55038309, "subject_id": 19254962, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are constant. The area of\n atelectasis at the bases of the right upper lobe is more circumscribed than\n before. Mild fluid overload. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19254962/s55038309/2bcd5108-6476b99d-3408738f-f5cfd958-6abb52dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e1320382-579bc8e9-d51d2fd3-b66d3087-0c27fcd4", "study_id": 54019675, "subject_id": 17290566, "report": "There has been interval removal of the left-sided PICC. The\n patient is status post median sternotomy. There are low lung volumes, which\n accentuate the bronchovascular markings. There is posterior eventration of\n the left hemidiaphragm. No definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17290566/s54019675/e1320382-579bc8e9-d51d2fd3-b66d3087-0c27fcd4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdf4f24b-1710f453-57c00ba5-021cde0e-618578b9", "study_id": 54787777, "subject_id": 16077947, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or vascular\n congestion. There is moderate cardiomegaly. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16077947/s54787777/fdf4f24b-1710f453-57c00ba5-021cde0e-618578b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c514dbcb-30b2adb8-2e608bfb-f8140fbb-f6c9dcd1", "study_id": 52977640, "subject_id": 13365054, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Multiple wedging deformities of the midthoracic vertebra with greater than\n ___% vertebral body height loss of unknown chronicity. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. There are multiple wedging deformities of the midthoracic\n vertebral bodies with greater than ___% loss of vertebral body height at\n multiple levels.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13365054/s52977640/c514dbcb-30b2adb8-2e608bfb-f8140fbb-f6c9dcd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9f4c3ca-a6ceec3b-d867ca02-59b1eab8-00e35678", "study_id": 58879077, "subject_id": 18897036, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours\n are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18897036/s58879077/c9f4c3ca-a6ceec3b-d867ca02-59b1eab8-00e35678.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44d576e1-0e5258e0-8c412f33-0ad5580d-ac71af09", "study_id": 54482382, "subject_id": 16635191, "report": "impression: Mild-to-moderate central pulmonary vascular congestion and\n cardiomegaly. Prominence of the azygos vein suggests right heart failure.\n \n Findings were discussed via telephone with ___ at approximately 4\n p.m. on ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. The bilateral hila are enlarged and\n indistinct. The cardiac silhouette has enlarged. There is a prominent\n opacity in the azygos contour. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16635191/s54482382/44d576e1-0e5258e0-8c412f33-0ad5580d-ac71af09.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c550c4ce-f6637a97-27b7cd82-52347f6f-9aac36d3", "study_id": 56406992, "subject_id": 16875895, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar and cardiac contour. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16875895/s56406992/c550c4ce-f6637a97-27b7cd82-52347f6f-9aac36d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7637b424-ccfba2b3-bae6aa33-c44c87b8-7f354650", "study_id": 53028214, "subject_id": 15143229, "report": "impression: No changes since prior CXR. Findings: AP single view of the chest shows moderate lung volume with stable\n opacification of the right upper lobe for known radiation fibrosis and right\n lower lobe consolidation, around the fiducial marker for CyberKnife treatment.\n Left lung is clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15143229/s53028214/7637b424-ccfba2b3-bae6aa33-c44c87b8-7f354650.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b14f7074-c94d059e-c3b02717-4bd10815-192c2b03", "study_id": 51709733, "subject_id": 19371566, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show a new right lower lobe opacity. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19371566/s51709733/b14f7074-c94d059e-c3b02717-4bd10815-192c2b03.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46628a04-1bc6719e-2b8dd5cd-751b2562-fd88d0cd", "study_id": 56330067, "subject_id": 13735420, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable with the heart\n size top-normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild degenerative\n changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13735420/s56330067/46628a04-1bc6719e-2b8dd5cd-751b2562-fd88d0cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c2b504b-a06da797-d40501bb-b7f1d739-626a5392", "study_id": 57546172, "subject_id": 14804683, "report": "impression: Normal radiograph of the chest without evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14804683/s57546172/6c2b504b-a06da797-d40501bb-b7f1d739-626a5392.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1154c5d7-313d9b5c-913f706b-e051a8b3-74d03f80", "study_id": 57488903, "subject_id": 15416872, "report": "Portable supine frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates in the ETT ending\n just below the level of the carina pointing into the right mainstem bronchus.\n A subclavian catheter crosses the midline into the opposite subclavian vein. A\n ___ catheter seen within the stomach. Bilateral chest tubes are in\n place.\n \n There are bilateral lower lung opacities likely reflecting aspiration given\n the clinical setting; although, infection or contusion or possible. Very low\n lung volumes with apparent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette which is\n likely due to technique. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15416872/s57488903/1154c5d7-313d9b5c-913f706b-e051a8b3-74d03f80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2778f5c0-5c291ba7-66d6384d-01e6d3d6-40d41f0d", "study_id": 59250903, "subject_id": 15789220, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Minor basilar atelectasis is seen without definite focal consolidation. \n Nipple shadows are subtly seen projecting over the lower chest bilaterally. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15789220/s59250903/2778f5c0-5c291ba7-66d6384d-01e6d3d6-40d41f0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bada7d23-d36cfe5c-b251588f-094435b6-f2c75f4b", "study_id": 56349192, "subject_id": 14376753, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is evident. No displaced rib fractures are\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14376753/s56349192/bada7d23-d36cfe5c-b251588f-094435b6-f2c75f4b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "988b420c-539d5104-a08a765e-7c638240-ec5342ca", "study_id": 58544561, "subject_id": 15770196, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the tip of the right IJ\n catheter is more sharply seen and appears to be in the region of the\n cavoatrial junction. There is poor definition of the left hemidiaphragm with\n haziness at the left base. This suggests some volume loss in the lower lobe\n and small layering effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15770196/s58544561/988b420c-539d5104-a08a765e-7c638240-ec5342ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1beac9fc-a87a6443-a0514941-2e6988e8-f4dc7ffe", "study_id": 53705220, "subject_id": 15601838, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes with obscuration of the bilateral hemidiaphragms likely\n due to a combination of pleural effusions and atelectasis, however developing\n consolidation at the lung bases cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical\n setting.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly. Moderate pulmonary vascular congestion and mild\n interstitial edema. Findings: Lung volumes are low. There is obscuration of the bilateral hemidiaphragm\n which likely due to a combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis. There\n is moderate pulmonary vascular congestion and mild interstitial edema. The\n heart size is top-normal. No pneumothorax is identified. The right chest\n Port-A-Cath terminates in the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15601838/s53705220/1beac9fc-a87a6443-a0514941-2e6988e8-f4dc7ffe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f547af2-0b48c5f2-fe72665e-c81fe3b0-30d84ff2", "study_id": 54653349, "subject_id": 14029588, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, edema, or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinum is not widened. Hila are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14029588/s54653349/8f547af2-0b48c5f2-fe72665e-c81fe3b0-30d84ff2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ebbd472-3ada44fa-7d59c05a-b4b89153-912081e1", "study_id": 58545212, "subject_id": 19470900, "report": "impression: 1. Tubes and lines are in adequate position.\n 2. Moderate pulmonary edema has slightly improved.\n 3. Unchanged moderate pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: ET tube ends 4.2 cm above the carina. Dobbhoff tube is in the stomach and\n right subclavian line is in adequate position in the lower SVC. Moderate\n pulmonary edema has slightly improved, but moderate bilateral pleural effusion\n with bibasilar atelectasis is unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. Mild\n cardiomegaly is stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19470900/s58545212/4ebbd472-3ada44fa-7d59c05a-b4b89153-912081e1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "536b6734-1760ace7-7c7e3423-d8caee52-00b68deb", "study_id": 50305738, "subject_id": 16133933, "report": "Two metallic pain devices are projecting over the spinal canal. In addition,\n the tip of inferior vena cava filter is seen.\n \n The lung volumes are normal. Normal hilar and mediastinal contours. Normal\n size of the cardiac silhouette. The transparency and structure of the lung\n parenchyma is unremarkable. No evidence of pneumonia, pulmonary edema or\n other acute lung parenchymal change.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16133933/s50305738/536b6734-1760ace7-7c7e3423-d8caee52-00b68deb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "caa46e19-1292034e-4a2a4106-e2d35cca-651054d5", "study_id": 54203876, "subject_id": 19280016, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild\n cardiomegaly and a large hiatal hernia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Slight blunting at the right costophrenic sulcus is probably due\n to minor scarring. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19280016/s54203876/caa46e19-1292034e-4a2a4106-e2d35cca-651054d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07e9c4fd-2589d21f-bad6b96f-0916a413-ee1571a6", "study_id": 50202942, "subject_id": 16765741, "report": "The previously questioned retrosternal opacity on the ___\n radiograph has resolved completely and was likely due to superimposition of\n normal structures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16765741/s50202942/07e9c4fd-2589d21f-bad6b96f-0916a413-ee1571a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d196278-521b91ad-1d0d026f-3ab093f7-303f7dc5", "study_id": 54219393, "subject_id": 15310905, "report": "Right Pleurx catheter remains in place. Interval increase in size\n of right pleural effusion, now moderate in size. Small right apical\n pneumothorax is also demonstrated. Stable cardiomegaly and persistent left\n lower lobe atelectasis and adjacent pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15310905/s54219393/9d196278-521b91ad-1d0d026f-3ab093f7-303f7dc5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cfb2c10-fe2f450d-b45c1192-57cd6ff6-73574246", "study_id": 57343077, "subject_id": 15575996, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. No definite\n consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes, which\n accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Mild cardiomegaly is present. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are otherwise unremarkable. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No focal consolidation is present. Cervical\n fixation hardware is noted. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15575996/s57343077/8cfb2c10-fe2f450d-b45c1192-57cd6ff6-73574246.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85c49a21-89c001d1-2dfe6f9b-dbf169c2-6f0ae89a", "study_id": 58095079, "subject_id": 12376215, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or\n effusion. Cardiac silhouette again is top normal in size and the aorta is\n slightly tortuous. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12376215/s58095079/85c49a21-89c001d1-2dfe6f9b-dbf169c2-6f0ae89a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c80484f0-7ffc8c79-5a8e0cba-8a97e965-a12d44c8", "study_id": 50493629, "subject_id": 17350587, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with retrocardiac streaky opacity possibly reflecting\n atelectasis. Infection is not excluded. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Heart size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded,\n and the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. The pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. Streaky retrocardiac opacity could reflect\n atelectasis but infection is not excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine with osteophytic spurring.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17350587/s50493629/c80484f0-7ffc8c79-5a8e0cba-8a97e965-a12d44c8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94cfc43c-b6beb311-27b75904-dd3845f0-58ac9ddb", "study_id": 55790625, "subject_id": 17641105, "report": "impression: 1. Nondisplaced left seventh rib fracture.\n 2. Vague opacity in the left mid lung may reflect contusion or aspiration.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 11 p.m. on\n ___ by telephone. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is a vague opacity\n seen over the left mid lung, best appreciated on the frontal view. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is mildly enlarged and unchanged. The\n mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable. An acute-appearing\n nondisplaced rib fracture is seen in the posterior left seventh rib.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17641105/s55790625/94cfc43c-b6beb311-27b75904-dd3845f0-58ac9ddb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49f94f57-3ce169b5-a4dea698-f519f973-0602d4ef", "study_id": 50290048, "subject_id": 16692090, "report": "impression: No acute cardipulmonary findings or right rib fracture detected. Findings: Chest: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. \n \n Right ribs: The level of patient's pain is not denoted on these films. \n Within this limitation, no acute rib fracture is detected on the right. Clips\n in the right upper quadrant likely reflect prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16692090/s50290048/49f94f57-3ce169b5-a4dea698-f519f973-0602d4ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6dc1e10c-2363b52d-4065252c-628bc7bb-4844dbd4", "study_id": 55630401, "subject_id": 12850197, "report": "impression: Large left pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis. Findings: Heart size cannot be assessed due to adjacent pleural effusion. Large left\n pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The aorta is calcified, indicating atherosclerosis. No\n pneumothorax is seen. Known rib fractures and left humeral head fracture are\n poorly visualized on this single portable AP chest radiograph. The patient is\n status post right shoulder surgery.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12850197/s55630401/6dc1e10c-2363b52d-4065252c-628bc7bb-4844dbd4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ede5cfa-cf4d1d87-195c5bb9-510a5869-e19e0245", "study_id": 50687008, "subject_id": 15629227, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, new.\n Moderately sized bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Findings: Frontal chest radiographs demonstrate a a left chest wall pacer device with\n the leads overlying the bilateral ventricles and right atrium. The heart is\n likely top-normal in size, with the cardiac silhouette exaggerated by low lung\n volumes. Diffuse opacity bilaterally is consistent with mild to moderate\n pulmonary edema. There are moderate pleural effusions bilaterally, right\n greater than left. No pneumothorax is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15629227/s50687008/4ede5cfa-cf4d1d87-195c5bb9-510a5869-e19e0245.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6800ca0b-bfff6cc2-a9b672ce-7a95f1b0-6cebb8d6", "study_id": 53693883, "subject_id": 10834276, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.\n \n No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10834276/s53693883/6800ca0b-bfff6cc2-a9b672ce-7a95f1b0-6cebb8d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81f28e42-643edef7-fb428bb6-16d91452-43c2acc7", "study_id": 56007154, "subject_id": 11554587, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. No evidence of active or nonactive\n TB. No other lung parenchymal changes. No pleural effusions. Normal size of\n the cardiac silhouette, normal hilar and mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11554587/s56007154/81f28e42-643edef7-fb428bb6-16d91452-43c2acc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad39b1f6-e1dc75f7-bfca375b-d455afcb-37682dd1", "study_id": 58736214, "subject_id": 16719619, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16719619/s58736214/ad39b1f6-e1dc75f7-bfca375b-d455afcb-37682dd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3272141-53e19b86-8d551caa-255e3c27-0c6a43bd", "study_id": 50296960, "subject_id": 18566706, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Slightly lower lung volumes are seen on the current exam. The lungs remain\n clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18566706/s50296960/f3272141-53e19b86-8d551caa-255e3c27-0c6a43bd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9a61ccd-5f7695ed-779c6300-5501e2b5-ab0c1207", "study_id": 53804990, "subject_id": 14995869, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change.\n There is some increased opacification at the left base, though this is not\n definitely confirmed on the lateral projection and has an appearance\n suggestive of some mild atelectatic streaks in addition to normal pulmonary\n vessels. No discrete pneumonia is appreciated.\n \n Port-A-Cath tip extends to the mid to lower portion of the SVC. No vascular\n congestion or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14995869/s53804990/f9a61ccd-5f7695ed-779c6300-5501e2b5-ab0c1207.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99c6d5b1-73b443bb-d1812288-4ef8c896-c568605c", "study_id": 51390565, "subject_id": 19271147, "report": "impression: 1. On the second film, the radiopaque Dobhoff tip tube extends beyond the GE\n junction, into the abdomen, but is not included on the film.\n 2. Compared with the prior film, there is now evidence of CHF, with vascular\n engorgement and probable interstitial edema at the bases. Possible small\n bilateral effusions. Findings: A Dobhoff tube is present. On view 1., the tip overlies the distal\n mediastinum, possibly reaching the GE junction. On view 2., the tip is not\n visualized and presumably extends beneath the GE junction. Based on this\n common additional view to include the abdomen would be required to see the\n radiopaque tip.\n \n Compared with the prior film, cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly\n unchanged. However, there is increased vascular engorgement and mild vascular\n blurring at the bases, consistent with CHF. The possibility of small\n effusions cannot be excluded. PICC line again noted in the mid to distal SVC.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19271147/s51390565/99c6d5b1-73b443bb-d1812288-4ef8c896-c568605c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8957458-306e03be-56b2863c-b40696ad-c89b60a6", "study_id": 57017623, "subject_id": 14169246, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Persistent elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with overlying left\n basilar/lingular atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n persistent elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Overlying left\n basilar/lingular atelectasis is seen. Right-sided Port-A-Cath is again seen,\n terminating at the cavoatrial junction/right atrium. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Evidence of DISH is again seen along the\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14169246/s57017623/d8957458-306e03be-56b2863c-b40696ad-c89b60a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e607f8f2-ccc1da54-4a6f912c-1c6d18a3-4210bd1c", "study_id": 58668761, "subject_id": 13941091, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly given AP technique. Subtle patient is over the right lung\n base most likely due to atelectasis. Slight blunting of the costophrenic\n angles can be seen with trace pleural effusions. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. Subtle opacity projecting over the\n right lower lung may be due to atelectasis but early consolidation is not\n excluded. There is slight blunting of the costophrenic angles which can be\n seen with trace pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13941091/s58668761/e607f8f2-ccc1da54-4a6f912c-1c6d18a3-4210bd1c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52e68e87-ad39af03-391d77eb-4f0ff36a-ecd369f5", "study_id": 52148129, "subject_id": 15265089, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality is identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15265089/s52148129/52e68e87-ad39af03-391d77eb-4f0ff36a-ecd369f5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80ac6b1e-4fc58b1a-6eec91e2-6203ed95-f5ea4f77", "study_id": 56689867, "subject_id": 15275976, "report": "impression: 1. At least four contiguous displaced right-sided rib fractures.\n 2. Consolidation vs hemopthorax causing opacity at the right lower lung.\n CT is recommended for further evaluation.\n \n Findings were discussed with the ___ triage nurse by phone at 3:30 p.m. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs obtained demonstrate multiple\n displaced right-sided rib fractures spanning the right sixth through tenth.\n There is no definite pneumothorax. There is opacity in the right mid-lower\n lung which could represent hemothorax and/or consolidation. The heart size\n remains enlarged, though the pulmonary vasculature appears normal. The aortic\n arch is mildly tortuous and heavily calcified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15275976/s56689867/80ac6b1e-4fc58b1a-6eec91e2-6203ed95-f5ea4f77.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69065e56-c0b9ec4b-89340f79-9b24a4c7-fb81ea20", "study_id": 57829855, "subject_id": 12671540, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged complete\n opacification of the left hemithorax. The right lung, at lower inspiratory\n levels, is not substantially changed. No right pleural effusions. Unchanged\n right aspect of the heart border.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12671540/s57829855/69065e56-c0b9ec4b-89340f79-9b24a4c7-fb81ea20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28aa9725-7a3a6742-45d8cd54-861eaf97-b5a4fe7a", "study_id": 55944292, "subject_id": 12125665, "report": "impression: Stable chest radiograph without evidence for pneumonia. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are stable. \n Vascular calcifications are again noted. Sternal wires are in similar\n positions. Radiopaque gallstones project over the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12125665/s55944292/28aa9725-7a3a6742-45d8cd54-861eaf97-b5a4fe7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f37a7d28-51765014-17ce34ab-102092fa-7c43a14e", "study_id": 58118927, "subject_id": 14667673, "report": "impression: New focal opacity in left lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The lung volumes are decreased and there is bibasilar atelectasis\n as well as new increased opacity in the left lower lobe. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \n Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14667673/s58118927/f37a7d28-51765014-17ce34ab-102092fa-7c43a14e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f126b73-0f7f7778-8f97859b-460b3d11-7058abc6", "study_id": 51680624, "subject_id": 14725482, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear, without focal\n consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. There are mild degenerative changes of the lower lumbar spine marked\n by anterior osteophytosis and endplate sclerosis.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14725482/s51680624/8f126b73-0f7f7778-8f97859b-460b3d11-7058abc6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "edf57a7c-dcc61d9c-8bfd4b97-04956616-d91575f9", "study_id": 53081119, "subject_id": 11003927, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11003927/s53081119/edf57a7c-dcc61d9c-8bfd4b97-04956616-d91575f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "132b603d-968aabaf-204d7cab-76a263b4-5f162007", "study_id": 54427318, "subject_id": 14395567, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of\n focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14395567/s54427318/132b603d-968aabaf-204d7cab-76a263b4-5f162007.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8dfe8355-ac816544-552afa84-eea845eb-8bae38cd", "study_id": 59397826, "subject_id": 14535212, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14535212/s59397826/8dfe8355-ac816544-552afa84-eea845eb-8bae38cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e79ff6a5-f46c7215-e535038a-82fa1cee-8815e08a", "study_id": 57068476, "subject_id": 11034713, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11034713/s57068476/e79ff6a5-f46c7215-e535038a-82fa1cee-8815e08a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9323257a-6fbbdc19-a91ca89c-2dcf5e74-da5d74fd", "study_id": 57093021, "subject_id": 11955051, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11955051/s57093021/9323257a-6fbbdc19-a91ca89c-2dcf5e74-da5d74fd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "679d07d1-756d2ddb-199cd998-4b643cfe-9f2fd49f", "study_id": 50743550, "subject_id": 18001923, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings.\n \n 2. Mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy seen on subsequent CT from\n ___ is not well appreciated by conventional radiography. Please\n see the accompanying CT report for details. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart size is top normal. Mediastinal\n and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy seen on subsequent CT from ___\n is not well appreciated by conventional radiography. There are no pleural\n effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18001923/s50743550/679d07d1-756d2ddb-199cd998-4b643cfe-9f2fd49f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e304ab7c-4f335d01-4ca1da31-7c43ab82-0e59a37c", "study_id": 52913025, "subject_id": 16399025, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. Findings: No definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Old left-sided\n rib fractures are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16399025/s52913025/e304ab7c-4f335d01-4ca1da31-7c43ab82-0e59a37c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f941f9fe-4b38ae58-75a0c7b8-5f265c2b-b177a54a", "study_id": 57927180, "subject_id": 19140989, "report": "impression: Patchy left base opacity is seen, more conspicuous on 1 of the frontal views\n than the other, underlying infection or aspiration not excluded although\n findings may relate to atelectasis Findings: Patchy left base opacity is seen, more conspicuous on 1 of the frontal views\n than the other, underlying infection or aspiration not excluded although\n findings may relate to atelectasis. The right lung is clear. Overall, the\n lungs are hyperinflated. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19140989/s57927180/f941f9fe-4b38ae58-75a0c7b8-5f265c2b-b177a54a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c772a537-6dfa4ebb-ee9ca8ca-c725b50b-7f6ba556", "study_id": 52817527, "subject_id": 11959580, "report": "impression: Radiopaque marker of the IABP overlies the inferior aspect of\n left main bronchus.\n \n Findings were communicated via phone call by ___ to Dr. ___ on\n ___ at ___. Findings: Frontal supine view of the chest was obtained. Radiopaque marker\n of the IABP overlies the inferior aspect of left main bronchus. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. Lungs are clear\n without focal or diffuse abnormality. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11959580/s52817527/c772a537-6dfa4ebb-ee9ca8ca-c725b50b-7f6ba556.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54b7a630-423af035-6e858fbe-9820bd1a-134b55ce", "study_id": 54285183, "subject_id": 12673755, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is re- demonstrated. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged. No pulmonary edema is present. There are small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Patchy opacities in the lung bases likely reflect\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax is detected. No acute osseous abnormality is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12673755/s54285183/54b7a630-423af035-6e858fbe-9820bd1a-134b55ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4c58fa2-c03415cf-f54009f0-0eb50d60-8be7ff9e", "study_id": 56736121, "subject_id": 10107208, "report": "AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The lungs are\n clear and well expanded. No effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. No definite bony injury.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10107208/s56736121/d4c58fa2-c03415cf-f54009f0-0eb50d60-8be7ff9e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28b6b6cf-e42d9f54-e7c98557-6a2ff715-bfbdeb81", "study_id": 57417826, "subject_id": 13066682, "report": "impression: Pneumonic infiltrate in right lower lobe posterior segment. \n Moderate cardiac enlargement but no evidence of CHF. Followup chest\n examination after treatment is recommended in approximately two weeks. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Available for comparison is a preceding chest examination dated\n ___. \n \n As before, there is moderate cardiomegaly with a configuration indicative of\n left ventricular enlargement. Thoracic aorta is mildly widened and elongated\n and shows calcium deposits in the wall, mostly at the level of the arch. \n There is, however, no evidence of local aortic contour abnormalities. The\n pulmonary vasculature is not congested. There is now a parenchymal infiltrate\n on the right lung base and the lateral view confirms this finding in the form\n of some hazy parenchymal densities and a peripheral plate atelectasis in the\n right lower lobe posterior segment. No other acute abnormalities are seen;\n however, the lung bases have a generally hyperinflated appearance suggestive\n of COPD.\n \n When comparison is made with the preceding chest examination obtained ___\n years ago, the moderate cardiac enlargement existed already at that time. \n There existed also a few for pneumonia suspicious infiltrates on the right\n base, but they have changed their appearance to some degree.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13066682/s57417826/28b6b6cf-e42d9f54-e7c98557-6a2ff715-bfbdeb81.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "398dc112-2189b231-7aec2573-c008197c-939b4cf4", "study_id": 58563870, "subject_id": 17887429, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, the nasogastric tube coils within\n the fundus of the stomach with the tip approaching the midline. The right\n PICC line has been removed. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17887429/s58563870/398dc112-2189b231-7aec2573-c008197c-939b4cf4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a391912d-0309ed8a-e2387179-eb16ccf3-ca038039", "study_id": 55216266, "subject_id": 19206779, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. No\n pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19206779/s55216266/a391912d-0309ed8a-e2387179-eb16ccf3-ca038039.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "041c96d6-06f09f1c-c8ac3f3b-081a09b0-d39be620", "study_id": 53902771, "subject_id": 19240505, "report": "Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, lower lung volumes and\n radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. \n \n The image shows no evidence of pleural effusions. At the time of dictation,\n 8:21 a.m., the referring physician ___. ___ was paged for notification,\n ___.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19240505/s53902771/041c96d6-06f09f1c-c8ac3f3b-081a09b0-d39be620.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c37d3194-b5e622c4-194ecfd8-5e77431a-a63c7470", "study_id": 55092837, "subject_id": 13887214, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been placement of a\n left subclavian ICD, with the tip in the region of the apex of the right\n ventricle. There no longer is any pleural effusion or pulmonary vascular\n congestion. No acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13887214/s55092837/c37d3194-b5e622c4-194ecfd8-5e77431a-a63c7470.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6047205-321472c3-f31ac300-e527930c-9b882ce6", "study_id": 59796362, "subject_id": 15567127, "report": "impression: Bibasilar areas of linear atelectasis/scarring are again noted. \n However, opacity overlying the right lower lung appears slightly increased in\n comparison to prior study and a developing pneumonia must be excluded in the\n proper clinical setting. Findings: Small areas of scarring or linear atelectasis persist in the lower\n lungs. However, the density overlying the right lower lung appears slightly\n increased in comparison to the prior studies and may be representative of a\n developing pneumonia in a proper clinical setting. Otherwise, the cardiac\n silhouette appears unchanged and within normal limits. Osseous structures are\n grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15567127/s59796362/f6047205-321472c3-f31ac300-e527930c-9b882ce6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3494cdb8-98f1be4c-509cb8e3-c0480a31-1663182b", "study_id": 59003784, "subject_id": 16225551, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, all monitoring and support\n devices have been removed. There is a known large left hiatal hernia that\n causes massive elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and moderate atelectasis at\n the left lung bases. No other parenchymal abnormalities, notably no pneumonia\n is seen on the current image. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette\n without pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax. No larger pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16225551/s59003784/3494cdb8-98f1be4c-509cb8e3-c0480a31-1663182b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f31ab55-031bd06f-b93c5c03-e44eadb0-e6e6d58c", "study_id": 58687564, "subject_id": 15531735, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes remain decreased, accentuating the bronchovascular structures.\n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15531735/s58687564/6f31ab55-031bd06f-b93c5c03-e44eadb0-e6e6d58c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09ff8328-97c1e3d1-21a1d8b3-0cefdb4a-c3dceb3d", "study_id": 55432723, "subject_id": 11168885, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11168885/s55432723/09ff8328-97c1e3d1-21a1d8b3-0cefdb4a-c3dceb3d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff891a07-9e7f6cde-7faf0f0b-7a930a16-759698b9", "study_id": 58081889, "subject_id": 11756467, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits aside from mild unfolding along the descending\n thoracic aorta and patchy calcification along the arch. The lungs appear\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Small-to-moderate\n osteophytes are noted along the mid-to-lower thoracic spine. There has been\n no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11756467/s58081889/ff891a07-9e7f6cde-7faf0f0b-7a930a16-759698b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be31170d-7a470276-f32d5369-c70fe6ca-f62e2708", "study_id": 58258218, "subject_id": 14522824, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The heart is mildly\n enlarged. There is mild bibasilar atelectasis. No focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing\n signs of edema. Mediastinal contour is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14522824/s58258218/be31170d-7a470276-f32d5369-c70fe6ca-f62e2708.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f65f95dd-b661fe6c-349b2b41-94a137eb-4ef065e9", "study_id": 56224983, "subject_id": 10737274, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild edema. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Surgical clips are noted in the\n left neck base. Cardiomegaly is again noted with a left ventricular\n configuration. Mild hilar congestion is noted without overt pulmonary edema.\n No large effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. No\n pneumothorax or effusion. Severe degenerative disease of the right shoulder\n appears unchanged. Chronic right rib cage deformity is re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10737274/s56224983/f65f95dd-b661fe6c-349b2b41-94a137eb-4ef065e9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c203cedd-4bfd13ac-812af8fb-7e6c3f88-c6bc8d37", "study_id": 53010046, "subject_id": 13403622, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, no relevant change is seen.\n The large and pre-described known thoracic aortic aneurysm, that causes a\n large masslike appearance at the level of the aortopulmonary window, is\n unchanged. Moderate cardiomegaly. No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia, no\n larger pleural effusions. Known defect of the right humerus.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13403622/s53010046/c203cedd-4bfd13ac-812af8fb-7e6c3f88-c6bc8d37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b0eaf39-07efdda7-d0aca275-63b07d72-357af3db", "study_id": 52384361, "subject_id": 18080005, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure with mild pulmonary edema and small bilateral\n pleural effusions. More focal right basilar opacity could reflect atelectasis\n but infection or aspiration is not excluded in the correct clinical setting. Findings: Heart size appears moderately enlarged, similar to the prior study. The aorta\n and demonstrates atherosclerotic calcifications diffusely. There is mild\n pulmonary edema, worse in the interval with small bilateral pleural effusions,\n slightly increased on the right. Patchy opacities in the lung bases, more so\n on the right may reflect areas of atelectasis but infection is not excluded. \n There is no pneumothorax. Mild to moderate degenerative changes are noted in\n the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18080005/s52384361/7b0eaf39-07efdda7-d0aca275-63b07d72-357af3db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46a1958d-856134f2-7ca30b15-a28c8cfa-81b87a82", "study_id": 56134442, "subject_id": 13415043, "report": "impression: Atelectasis with no focal consolidation convincing for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate streaky opacity at the left lung\n base likely secondary to atelectasis. No consolidation convincing for\n pneumonia is identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures demonstrates no acute\n abnormality. No air under the right hemidiaphragm is identified. A left chest\n pacer defibrillator device is identified, its leads which appear intact and in\n appropriate position within the right atrium and ventricle. Two biliary\n stents are noted projecting over the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13415043/s56134442/46a1958d-856134f2-7ca30b15-a28c8cfa-81b87a82.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba3cb0e1-92b05322-27b82d1a-fe627ab0-3783021c", "study_id": 50775315, "subject_id": 10713800, "report": "New right internal jugular vascular catheter terminates in the mid\n superior vena cava, with no visible pneumothorax. Heart size is slightly\n increased and is accompanied by new distention of the azygos vein. New\n bibasilar opacities are present, more confluent on the right than the left,\n and note is also made of a few basilar septal lines. There is also an\n apparent new small right pleural effusion extending into the minor fissure. \n These findings could be due to fluid overload or transfusion related acute\n lung injury.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10713800/s50775315/ba3cb0e1-92b05322-27b82d1a-fe627ab0-3783021c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07ce284a-6fcbf50a-c0ee799b-c5f53a1c-31093fbf", "study_id": 58088228, "subject_id": 17690123, "report": "impression: Subtle opacity at the right lung base could represent pneumonia\n in the correct clinical setting. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is subtle\n opacity at the right lung base, seen best on the frontal projection, which\n could represent a very early pneumonia. This finding appears new from the\n prior exam. Elsewhere, lungs appear clear. No effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17690123/s58088228/07ce284a-6fcbf50a-c0ee799b-c5f53a1c-31093fbf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ef5e3a2-411ab215-25bd6a02-dca1286b-9fac362c", "study_id": 59893861, "subject_id": 19600190, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size, hyperinflated lungs likely reflect COPD, left mid lung\n linear density likely scarring or atelectasis. If symptoms persist, a\n nonemergent chest CT may be performed to further assess. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated and\n clear aside from a linear density in the left mid lung which could represent a\n focus of scarring or atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large effusion or\n pneumothorax. The heart size is top-normal. No signs of congestion or edema.\n Imaged bony structures are intact. Mediastinal contour is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19600190/s59893861/2ef5e3a2-411ab215-25bd6a02-dca1286b-9fac362c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aeb28fa9-62728beb-00f7647f-bc602a2c-03a710ff", "study_id": 58042734, "subject_id": 13620446, "report": "impression: Minimal atelectasis in the lung bases without focal consolidation. Findings: Left-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates within the upper SVC. Lung volumes are\n low. Mild enlargement of cardiac silhouette is unchanged. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are similar. No pulmonary edema is present. Minimal atelectasis\n is noted in the lung bases without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are seen in\n the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13620446/s58042734/aeb28fa9-62728beb-00f7647f-bc602a2c-03a710ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa5eb71b-fe4f02e6-76a93a46-ce75071b-3c166818", "study_id": 55115164, "subject_id": 15613783, "report": "Small right apical lateral pneumothorax has slightly decreased in\n size. Moderate-to-large right pleural effusion is similar to the prior study,\n with persistent adjacent atelectasis and/or consolidation in the right middle\n and right lower lobes. Small left pleural effusion is unchanged, but\n nonspecific left retrocardiac opacity has slightly worsened.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15613783/s55115164/fa5eb71b-fe4f02e6-76a93a46-ce75071b-3c166818.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59d73e11-49bf4258-405191c4-5e106467-6822a19b", "study_id": 53258816, "subject_id": 10743215, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. A repeat chest x-ray in 6 weeks is recommended\n even if the patient is asymptomatic to ensure full resolution. Findings: There is a right lower lobe consolidation consistent with pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette, hila contours, and pleural surfaces are normal.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized upper abdomen is\n unremarkable. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10743215/s53258816/59d73e11-49bf4258-405191c4-5e106467-6822a19b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b19eb0c-e71e4c0c-4461e633-edccc173-f05900d4", "study_id": 55203668, "subject_id": 10189939, "report": "impression: Patchy opacity in the right lower lobe, likely atelectasis. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the low SVC. Heart size is normal with a left\n ventricular predominance. The aorta is unfolded. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Hilar contours are unremarkable. Patchy opacity within the right\n lower lobe likely reflects atelectasis. Left lung is clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10189939/s55203668/8b19eb0c-e71e4c0c-4461e633-edccc173-f05900d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f532583-3634bd59-63342e27-2dbcb076-d691b9bc", "study_id": 58192165, "subject_id": 15786017, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n Degenerative spurring is noted in the T-spine. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15786017/s58192165/6f532583-3634bd59-63342e27-2dbcb076-d691b9bc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74374c1f-56cd63a7-521f643c-82265aeb-0dffbcbb", "study_id": 57832497, "subject_id": 12089095, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12089095/s57832497/74374c1f-56cd63a7-521f643c-82265aeb-0dffbcbb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b54ea56-505ac9fb-7095b7be-fe04401a-294f6817", "study_id": 55625253, "subject_id": 16490777, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16490777/s55625253/1b54ea56-505ac9fb-7095b7be-fe04401a-294f6817.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7d8372dc-6ab43f9a-1fb5a241-04604d1f-e295804a", "study_id": 56360834, "subject_id": 15513591, "report": "impression: Interval improvement, with interval decrease of the left basal atelectasis. Findings: The nasogastric tube has been removed.\n \n The left retrocardiac and basilar opacity with associated volume loss has\n improved e when compared to the prior. There is blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle representing a small effusion. The right lung is clear. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette as compared well. No pneumothorax. \n Partially visualized lumbar thoracic spinal stenosis posterior surgical\n hardware is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15513591/s56360834/7d8372dc-6ab43f9a-1fb5a241-04604d1f-e295804a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "997b7f50-8f3e1721-afb050fb-483a493e-45fbd317", "study_id": 55964212, "subject_id": 18796073, "report": "As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, lung volumes are\n decreased accentuating the cardiac silhouette and bronchovascular structures. \n There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18796073/s55964212/997b7f50-8f3e1721-afb050fb-483a493e-45fbd317.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b24e912b-f49486ff-9491099a-38e66adc-c52f9a76", "study_id": 51049587, "subject_id": 19564280, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no change or evidence of\n acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19564280/s51049587/b24e912b-f49486ff-9491099a-38e66adc-c52f9a76.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a25a0ab-7527140b-5be58cb6-e6149099-dd770f98", "study_id": 50838519, "subject_id": 12613285, "report": "impression: Mild increased in interstitial lung markings of unknown origin. It could\n possibly be due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Findings: There is mild diffuse increased interstitial lung markings of unknown\n etiology. This could be related to pulmonary edema with small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Because the heart contour and azygous vein are not dilated,\n it would be a non cardiogenic edema. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12613285/s50838519/3a25a0ab-7527140b-5be58cb6-e6149099-dd770f98.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61e57dfc-24ce0797-9285955f-02e8ffe7-4df005c6", "study_id": 55109469, "subject_id": 19767133, "report": "impression: Trace bilateral pleural effusions. Grossly stable enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette given differences in inspiration. No overt pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is slight blunting of\n the bilateral posterior costophrenic angle suggesting trace pleural effusions.\n No pneumothorax is seen peer The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19767133/s55109469/61e57dfc-24ce0797-9285955f-02e8ffe7-4df005c6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "781ad6f6-3ccd778d-80ff761a-87820752-743a9daa", "study_id": 59563255, "subject_id": 19056963, "report": "impression: 1. Right apical nodular opacity which may be related to a rib or lung\n abnormality. Further evaluation could be performed either with an apical\n lordotic chest radiograph or CT scan, as communicated to Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 8:05 a.m. on ___ at the time of discovery.\n 2. Cardiomegaly and mild interstitial edema.\n 3. No evidence of ingested foreign body in the thoracic esophagus or stomach.\n Please see comments above regarding the upper cervical region. Findings: No radiopaque foreign body is identified in the imaged portion of\n the chest or upper abdomen to suggest an ingestion of swallowed dentures. \n However, only the uppermost portion of the abdomen was included on the study,\n and dedicated abdominal radiograph may be helpful if there is concern for\n foreign body in the large or small bowel. In the imaged portion of the neck,\n two partially imaged cylindrical radiodense foreign bodies are evident,\n overlying the inferior aspect of the mandible, and may potentially be related\n to dental hardware, cervical spine hardware, or a structure external to the\n patient. Dedicated neck imaging could clarify the location if it remains\n unknown clinically.\n \n Within the imaged portion of the chest, an asymmetrical 1.6 cm diameter\n opacity is seen at the right apex above the level of the right clavicle\n overlying the fourth posterior rib level. On the single view, it is uncertain\n whether this is a lung nodule or an abnormality of the rib. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is accompanied by mild pulmonary vascular congestion and minimal\n interstitial edema.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19056963/s59563255/781ad6f6-3ccd778d-80ff761a-87820752-743a9daa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53f38269-d00229ea-55a7f9bc-0f48f7ff-d9f99cbf", "study_id": 55968238, "subject_id": 15296384, "report": "impression: Infrahilar opacities unchanged since ___ radiograph.\n Differential includes atelectasis versus pneumonia. Findings: Portable frontal chest radiograph demonstrates largely unchanged bilateral\n infrahilar opacicities, likely atelectasis but cannot exclude pneumonia. \n Endotracheal tube is seen terminating 5 cm above the level of the carina. An\n enteric tube descends in an uncomplicated course, its end end out of view. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15296384/s55968238/53f38269-d00229ea-55a7f9bc-0f48f7ff-d9f99cbf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b7af327-70997631-39cf49f0-84b3ee0f-23fd8f9f", "study_id": 51032594, "subject_id": 13747362, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the endotracheal tube has\n been advanced. The tip of the tube now projects 5 cm above the carina. The\n extent of the bilateral pectoral gas inclusions is unchanged. Minimally\n increasing bilateral pleural effusions with subsequent areas of atelectasis at\n the lung bases.\n \n Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette, minimal fluid overload. No newly\n appeared pneumonia.\n \n The other monitoring and support devices are in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13747362/s51032594/5b7af327-70997631-39cf49f0-84b3ee0f-23fd8f9f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e17f8f81-75854b4c-95b2225f-ff87c040-81b296bb", "study_id": 59672164, "subject_id": 12203473, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, no significant interval change since prior. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is no new confluent\n consolidation. Again seen are calcified mediastinal nodes and diffuse\n increased interstitial markings in lungs with biapical scarring. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormality\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12203473/s59672164/e17f8f81-75854b4c-95b2225f-ff87c040-81b296bb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3255829-6a12605e-85775e7c-822629b5-dd3131b7", "study_id": 56594164, "subject_id": 16407286, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged Port-A-Cath tip, terminating in the low SVC.\n 2. Incompletely characterized right proximal humerus lesion, corresponding to\n known Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Findings: Tip of the right Port-A-Cath has not significantly changed in position, and\n terminates in the low SVC.\n \n Lung volumes are normal. There is no consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is an ill-defined sclerotic focus in the proximal right\n humerus, which corresponds to the previously biopsy-proven Langerhans cell\n histiocytosis lesion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16407286/s56594164/d3255829-6a12605e-85775e7c-822629b5-dd3131b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6919ed2a-24bd9033-24bd3dec-3ba31109-37b0eda7", "study_id": 57449276, "subject_id": 13162132, "report": "impression: The feeding tube tip is in the distal stomach. Findings: The feeding tube tip has been advanced into the distal portion of the stomach.\n Prominence of the visualized bowel loops is unchanged. Low lung volume\n persist. The lungs are otherwise clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13162132/s57449276/6919ed2a-24bd9033-24bd3dec-3ba31109-37b0eda7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e400d4ea-fde9086b-ee3ecae1-b88a7543-972d164d", "study_id": 57505468, "subject_id": 18880198, "report": "impression: Large left pneumothorax with minimal rightward shift of the mediastinum. Findings: There is a large left sided pneumothorax. Subtle mediastinal shift to the\n right is noted. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise normal. Right\n lung is clear. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18880198/s57505468/e400d4ea-fde9086b-ee3ecae1-b88a7543-972d164d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96c607d6-d136eb18-5e9ae4fc-22033dce-2b7a8f0d", "study_id": 53887580, "subject_id": 15005501, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.\n Right PICC terminates at the cavoatrial junction. Findings: The right PICC line tip projects in the region of the cavoatrial junction. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15005501/s53887580/96c607d6-d136eb18-5e9ae4fc-22033dce-2b7a8f0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c681040-d5daa8fa-3ad3b4bd-a7173d20-d00a1788", "study_id": 51771969, "subject_id": 13617555, "report": "impression: Opacity suggesting pneumonia in the lingula. Follow-up\n radiographs are recommended within eight weeks in order to ensure resolution. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is a focal consolidation projecting over\n the left lung within the lingula. Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear. There\n is a suspected trace pleural effusion on the left only. There is no\n pneumothorax. The osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13617555/s51771969/0c681040-d5daa8fa-3ad3b4bd-a7173d20-d00a1788.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e521f4f-eb9c3d02-590cda7c-7a8a0d0d-641684e2", "study_id": 56038870, "subject_id": 10277119, "report": "impression: Tiny bilateral pleural effusions with trace interstitial edema. Findings: Tiny bilateral pleural effusions are seen. The heart is within normal limits\n of size. There may be trace interstitial edema. No signs of pneumonia. \n Mediastinal contour appears normal. No pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10277119/s56038870/2e521f4f-eb9c3d02-590cda7c-7a8a0d0d-641684e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf9accf1-8d420f11-b59e46c0-cc6d1628-9f7b348d", "study_id": 57378165, "subject_id": 16531317, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Relatively low inspiratory effort is seen\n which results in accentuation of the cardiomediastinal silhouette which is\n likely within normal limits. The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion,\n or pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No acute osseous\n abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16531317/s57378165/bf9accf1-8d420f11-b59e46c0-cc6d1628-9f7b348d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7f7f052-47ff2f3e-742b7685-f989bbc8-15c6de30", "study_id": 53917648, "subject_id": 15711610, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly. Conspicuity of interstitial markings and probable mild\n bronchial cuffing may represent incipient interstitial edema. Findings: A stable opacity in the right upper lung medially is likely a combination of\n calcification in the cartilage of the first ribs and vascular prominence.\n Otherwise, there is again enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with a pacer\n device in place. Conspicuity of the interstitial markings and probable mild\n bronchial cuffing may represent incipient interstitial edema. There is no\n pleural effusion pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p15/p15711610/s53917648/f7f7f052-47ff2f3e-742b7685-f989bbc8-15c6de30.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13e97cb7-d508821d-c1dc3457-961de3d7-ff8065a0", "study_id": 58913548, "subject_id": 13754833, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of consolidations concerning for pneumonia. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous\n structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13754833/s58913548/13e97cb7-d508821d-c1dc3457-961de3d7-ff8065a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a79dca38-997d7cc6-88625c6d-acd20453-1b62be34", "study_id": 56533098, "subject_id": 13410046, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath is seen, terminating in the distal SVC without\n evidence of pneumothorax. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13410046/s56533098/a79dca38-997d7cc6-88625c6d-acd20453-1b62be34.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "791911de-23719636-2a1825a4-0937eee7-0b368b65", "study_id": 51181578, "subject_id": 17856577, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n nasogastric tube. The tube has a normal course, the tip of the tube projects\n over the proximal parts of the stomach. To ensure correct position, the tube\n should be advanced by approximately 5 cm. No evidence of complications,\n notably no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17856577/s51181578/791911de-23719636-2a1825a4-0937eee7-0b368b65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "855f947b-a87d0fb6-d19a3238-edb42173-e15a711a", "study_id": 52230297, "subject_id": 18272626, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval change. Findings: The lungs are relatively hyperinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18272626/s52230297/855f947b-a87d0fb6-d19a3238-edb42173-e15a711a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "591a7380-fdf7037a-c54b9ab8-c7b8248d-e05c9ef4", "study_id": 51194957, "subject_id": 19976415, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. Mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19976415/s51194957/591a7380-fdf7037a-c54b9ab8-c7b8248d-e05c9ef4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a874c9b4-492c9aac-9d66dec6-4a82a7e9-4b6c55a5", "study_id": 56061275, "subject_id": 16352556, "report": "impression: Pericardial leads are present. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Findings: Pericardial leads are present terminating overlying the anterior right\n ventricle and a second more posteriorly. Lungs are well expanded and clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Small diameter sternotomy wires are\n consistent with history of congenital heart history, the most inferior of\n which is fractured. A lobulated contour of the right heart border and middle\n mediastinum is of unclear significance without priors for comparison, likely\n due to congenital history. The left hemidiaphragm is elevated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16352556/s56061275/a874c9b4-492c9aac-9d66dec6-4a82a7e9-4b6c55a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0153eec-9fb35f82-2c0aabb4-7c11a7d4-d35ee1a0", "study_id": 55061071, "subject_id": 11700520, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without focal consolidation. Findings: The lung volumes are low, which leads to bronchovascular crowding. No focal\n consolidation is identified. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours\n are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11700520/s55061071/b0153eec-9fb35f82-2c0aabb4-7c11a7d4-d35ee1a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a879c0d-0ffbfd91-4a212582-b1969f7e-0a7976d9", "study_id": 51573609, "subject_id": 17764327, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is moderately enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated but\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. Eventration of left hemidiaphragm is re- demonstrated. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17764327/s51573609/1a879c0d-0ffbfd91-4a212582-b1969f7e-0a7976d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e6753e8-3e56537b-2b7423ec-1778e4ab-71301f78", "study_id": 51437157, "subject_id": 11868338, "report": "impression: Surgical clips are noted in the right upper quadrant. No significant interval\n change. Findings: The patient is rotated somewhat to the right. Enlarged cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. \n \n The hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11868338/s51437157/1e6753e8-3e56537b-2b7423ec-1778e4ab-71301f78.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9cb2b445-d97c52a3-5d1bdc0c-740a14f0-9a2b7e0d", "study_id": 53974252, "subject_id": 13594867, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Emphysema. Findings: Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in\n the right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged. The heart size is normal. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Mild calcification of\n the aortic arch is again noted. The lungs are hyperinflated with attenuation\n of the pulmonary vascular markings towards the lung apices compatible with\n mild emphysema. Cluster of irregular small opacities in the right upper lung\n field are unchanged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. There\n are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13594867/s53974252/9cb2b445-d97c52a3-5d1bdc0c-740a14f0-9a2b7e0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8adc7713-1d4df9af-109f7ec2-f2f423d7-7bbd4ee8", "study_id": 59868760, "subject_id": 12731907, "report": "impression: Status post right-sided chest tube placement with marked decrease in\n pneumothorax. Findings: There is a new chest tube in place, terminating along the lateral right upper\n hemithorax. Coinciding with placement there has been marked decrease in a\n right-sided pneumothorax, which is now small. There may be trace fluid\n effacing the right costophrenic sulcus. The lungs appear clear. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12731907/s59868760/8adc7713-1d4df9af-109f7ec2-f2f423d7-7bbd4ee8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e067058f-2077d4c0-086dacf8-687fd9c7-4d63d665", "study_id": 59119282, "subject_id": 19240505, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes and bibasilar atelectasis.\n 2. No convincing evidence of pneumonia on this single projection.\n 3. Stable moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary artery dilation. Findings: Lung volumes are low with resultant vascular crowding limiting the evaluation.\n There is moderate bibasilar atelectasis. There is no definite focal airspace\n opacity on this single projection to suggest pneumonia. There is unchanged\n eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Dilation of the pulmonary artery is re- demonstrated. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19240505/s59119282/e067058f-2077d4c0-086dacf8-687fd9c7-4d63d665.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38ca5850-f06c77a1-64f57798-0a367e70-209c961f", "study_id": 54409057, "subject_id": 16276628, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Continued substantial enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with bilateral pleural effusions and compressive atelectasis. The\n degree of pulmonary vascular congestion appears to be more prominent than on\n the previous study.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16276628/s54409057/38ca5850-f06c77a1-64f57798-0a367e70-209c961f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cdc21337-db473736-f238d142-abef7659-7e616c27", "study_id": 58161862, "subject_id": 14837649, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is very minimal biapical scarring. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14837649/s58161862/cdc21337-db473736-f238d142-abef7659-7e616c27.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1d70311-959d1dd3-91e87865-79e67f0b-8ff9a298", "study_id": 52846456, "subject_id": 10142844, "report": "impression: Mild left basal atelectasis. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. There is\n mild atelectasis in the left lung base. No convincing signs of pneumonia,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10142844/s52846456/a1d70311-959d1dd3-91e87865-79e67f0b-8ff9a298.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4906595c-39b411f9-8e256b32-7bda4b1f-800cffcc", "study_id": 54855352, "subject_id": 15080504, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been substantial\n clearing of the consolidation in the right mid zone as well as at the right\n base. Most of the residual opacification probably represents fibrotic\n scarring in the patient with hyperexpansion of the lungs with flattening of\n the hemidiaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15080504/s54855352/4906595c-39b411f9-8e256b32-7bda4b1f-800cffcc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15e5984d-8401a1b4-af28e8a1-1c14ab86-398bd8ac", "study_id": 51704220, "subject_id": 17426206, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Pacemaker overlying the left chest with leads in the expected\n position of the right atrium and right ventricle, unchanged from prior exam. \n The lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged from prior exam. \n Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17426206/s51704220/15e5984d-8401a1b4-af28e8a1-1c14ab86-398bd8ac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1bae691-6cfa4899-55b1b79b-c6e3375b-49b49dd4", "study_id": 54680431, "subject_id": 14590334, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: The lungs are well inflated. The trachea is central. The cardiomediastinal\n contour is normal. The heart is not enlarged. No blunting of the\n costophrenic angles to suggest a pleural effusion. No areas concerning for\n consolidation seen. No destructive bony lesions seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14590334/s54680431/b1bae691-6cfa4899-55b1b79b-c6e3375b-49b49dd4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3498285-e9f1e47c-a4ea4ce9-a8362ad8-e3dbdf2e", "study_id": 58199643, "subject_id": 18647733, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Pacer leads in standard position Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Transvenous pacer leads are in standard\n position with tip in the right atrium and right ventricle. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bibasilar atelectasis are grossly unchanged.\n Sternal wires are aligned. Patient is status post CABG.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18647733/s58199643/a3498285-e9f1e47c-a4ea4ce9-a8362ad8-e3dbdf2e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "624038bd-a9dd8522-09003545-dc717f58-cae15c4d", "study_id": 59906439, "subject_id": 15189156, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions and persistent bibasilar atelectasis\n with stable round atelectasis on the left.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ via telephone\n on ___ at 11:40 a.m., at time of discovery. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal contours\n are normal. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There is persistent\n bibasilar atelectasis, a more rounded component on the left is consistent with\n known round atelectasis. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia is\n identified. Visualized osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15189156/s59906439/624038bd-a9dd8522-09003545-dc717f58-cae15c4d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9d742cb-db6ebe20-c1a6c57c-d2b83a6d-a9ab5aa6", "study_id": 52840624, "subject_id": 16390335, "report": "impression: No evidence of cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion or acute\n infiltrates in this patient with history of the thrombocytosis. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n portable chest examination of ___. The heart size remains within\n normal limits. No configurational abnormalities are identified. The entire\n thoracic aorta is generally widened and moderately elongated, but there is no\n evidence of local contour abnormalities. A few wall calcifications are seen\n at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No\n signs of acute or chronic pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present and\n the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in the\n apical area. Skeletal structures of the thorax grossly unremarkable. There\n exists, however, some metallic surgical hardware in the left humerus.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16390335/s52840624/f9d742cb-db6ebe20-c1a6c57c-d2b83a6d-a9ab5aa6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb8a71c7-15a181bf-24e1e6e8-6e7d8c08-972213e3", "study_id": 51713417, "subject_id": 15861013, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. There\n is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no\n pulmonary edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable. An old left\n anterolateral fracture without displacement is noted along the eighth rib.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15861013/s51713417/cb8a71c7-15a181bf-24e1e6e8-6e7d8c08-972213e3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad0a42fd-6abb1928-9b0ced5c-c061bae8-4e88e3d6", "study_id": 58727140, "subject_id": 10227968, "report": "impression: 1. Mild bibasilar atelectasis\n 2. Moderate cardiomegaly Findings: Lung volumes are low. Minimal\n linear opacities at the bases correspond with dependent atelectasis seen on\n concurrent chest CT. There is no pneumothorax, confluent consolidation or\n pleural effusion. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n The cardiac silhouette is moderately enlarged. A prosthetic aortic valve is\n noted. Median sternotomy wires appear grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10227968/s58727140/ad0a42fd-6abb1928-9b0ced5c-c061bae8-4e88e3d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "657d67e2-e3ff49be-8c62441c-304688a9-6785578e", "study_id": 50577384, "subject_id": 15095087, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15095087/s50577384/657d67e2-e3ff49be-8c62441c-304688a9-6785578e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b66b5839-6f488567-35496bbc-b81ce5dc-e94c223d", "study_id": 55029920, "subject_id": 16969063, "report": "impression: 1. Appropriately positioned endotracheal and nasogastric tubes.\n \n 2. Low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and bibasilar\n opacities, most likely atelectasis have been present for at least several\n months. Findings: Supine portable view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. Endotracheal tube terminates 4.3 cm\n above the carina. The nasogastric tube is positioned within the stomach. \n Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged. The heart\n size is top normal. Bibasilar opacities most likely represent atelectasis. \n No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16969063/s55029920/b66b5839-6f488567-35496bbc-b81ce5dc-e94c223d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbe41f08-ba74deff-aa822448-2faa266b-c09354e2", "study_id": 53630244, "subject_id": 14605239, "report": "impression: New left suprahilar mass worrisome for malignancy. Rounded\n lobular contour makes an infectious or inflammatory etiology less likely based\n on radiography. Evaluation with chest CT, preferably with intravenous\n contrast if possible, is suggested to assess further when clinically\n appropriate. Findings: There is a new large left suprahilar mass like density centered in\n the right upper lobe, measuring approximately 6 cm in extent. Its contours\n appear lobular. Elsewhere, the lungs remain clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14605239/s53630244/bbe41f08-ba74deff-aa822448-2faa266b-c09354e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b18988c9-580158e4-edd6a132-5ee445c0-f8dd2caa", "study_id": 53346280, "subject_id": 11226173, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of moderate pulmonary edema with a newly-appeared small left pleural effusion\n and left retrocardiac atelectasis. New plate-like atelectasis is also seen at\n the right lung base. In the interval, the patient has received a right\n hemodialysis catheter. The catheter is in correct position; there is no\n complication such as pneumothorax. The nasogastric tube and endotracheal tube\n are constant.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226173/s53346280/b18988c9-580158e4-edd6a132-5ee445c0-f8dd2caa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d6a7e91e-abf7e557-aeea8818-051d390d-8beda9ca", "study_id": 53951548, "subject_id": 12313457, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12313457/s53951548/d6a7e91e-abf7e557-aeea8818-051d390d-8beda9ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e5271be-c3c01932-b920a4e7-ad6908bb-56e03c44", "study_id": 53277340, "subject_id": 19010593, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: AP portable upright chest radiograph provided. Lung volumes are\n low, though allowing for this, there is no focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. Tiny clips project over the right upper quadrant. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette appears grossly unremarkable. The imaged osseous\n structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19010593/s53277340/2e5271be-c3c01932-b920a4e7-ad6908bb-56e03c44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4cd08b12-e5b24547-baf90ddc-7b37ccaf-4bb3ea4e", "study_id": 56734184, "subject_id": 15946234, "report": "impression: Increase in size of moderate left pleural effusion Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is a stable. Moderate left pleural effusion has\n increased. There is no pneumothorax. Surgical chain in the right lung is\n again noted. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine and left rib fractures\n are unchanged", "image_path": [ "p15/p15946234/s56734184/4cd08b12-e5b24547-baf90ddc-7b37ccaf-4bb3ea4e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20c93289-61cebe28-82847e9b-0aa94fe5-fd9f5813", "study_id": 59019152, "subject_id": 13103745, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone\n thoracocentesis. The extent of the pleural effusion on the right has\n substantially decreased. However, a relatively large basal amount of effusion\n is still visible. There is an opacity at the right lung base, reflecting\n atelectasis or re-expansion edema. No pneumothorax is visible. Unchanged\n normal appearance of the left lung. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13103745/s59019152/20c93289-61cebe28-82847e9b-0aa94fe5-fd9f5813.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "781a4e04-cc34a068-8cd74d16-52ae8b9e-2105fa44", "study_id": 51415044, "subject_id": 17854623, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. No signs of aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: Portable semi-upright chest radiograph was obtained. A dual-lead\n pacer is in unchanged position. The heart is moderately enlarged. Low lung\n volumes without definite signs of consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17854623/s51415044/781a4e04-cc34a068-8cd74d16-52ae8b9e-2105fa44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "394e6f51-2c916227-1efac6e2-209cfc51-1ef88e9d", "study_id": 54623601, "subject_id": 19730987, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19730987/s54623601/394e6f51-2c916227-1efac6e2-209cfc51-1ef88e9d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bea72e34-6b16474f-dc2224d0-d994107c-8c9228c3", "study_id": 59205338, "subject_id": 16023485, "report": "impression: 1. No left apical pneumothorax.\n 2. Left lower lobe opacity is unchanged from ___ and may\n represent postsurgical change, however underlying infection cannot be\n excluded. Findings: Low lung volumes. There is mild atelectasis at the lung bases. A\n consolidation. Projecting over the posterior lower lobes on the lateral view\n appears unchanged from multiple prior studies and may represent sequela of\n prior left lower lobe wedge resection. No left apical pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16023485/s59205338/bea72e34-6b16474f-dc2224d0-d994107c-8c9228c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3168ccf1-c0c82737-7513cec2-b713edca-fd58d324", "study_id": 51542604, "subject_id": 12298456, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Emphysema. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are hyperinflated\n with emphysematous changes again demonstrated. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized. There are mild\n degenerative changes noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12298456/s51542604/3168ccf1-c0c82737-7513cec2-b713edca-fd58d324.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf371f05-7e7519d6-cabc8d5c-d1a58cab-cb10246e", "study_id": 50325227, "subject_id": 15712308, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease or injury. Stable\n compression deformities. Bony demineralization. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. There is similar\n mild relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. A streaky opacity\n persists at the left lung base, but partly resolved. Otherwise, the lungs\n appear clear. There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Very\n small trace pleural effusions are difficult to completely exclude, however. \n Multifocal compression deformities of the thoracic spine are very similar to\n prior thoracic spine radiographs and are likely attributable to substantial\n bony demineralization.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15712308/s50325227/bf371f05-7e7519d6-cabc8d5c-d1a58cab-cb10246e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94e50a90-62c98e83-3d48ad3b-241a9ab9-241f0d10", "study_id": 54214431, "subject_id": 17121235, "report": "impression: No definite change in pneumothorax, although supine positioning limits\n assessment. Findings: Semi supine chest radiograph was obtained. Given supine technique assessment\n of pneumothorax is limited without evidence of large pneumothorax. Small\n apical pneumothorax is likely still present. Lungs are low in volume with\n resultant bronchovascular crowding and linear basilar atelectasis. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17121235/s54214431/94e50a90-62c98e83-3d48ad3b-241a9ab9-241f0d10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abd93f5c-c2454c1d-242f9b8c-38d41109-815531fe", "study_id": 52108729, "subject_id": 14303953, "report": "impression: Top-normal cardiac silhouette size. No focal consolidation or pulmonary\n edema. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14303953/s52108729/abd93f5c-c2454c1d-242f9b8c-38d41109-815531fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "734fd7a9-39935b7e-5a7a59c6-d5b3d4b9-ef80b192", "study_id": 59540858, "subject_id": 14271401, "report": "impression: 1. No definite focal consolidation.\n 2. Central pulmonary vascular congestion with mild edema.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A portable semi upright frontal chest radiograph again demonstrates low lung\n volumes and cardiomegaly with prominence of the superior left heart border,\n unchanged compared to the ___. There is central pulmonary vascular\n congestion with mild edema. No definite focal consolidation is identified. \n There are bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14271401/s59540858/734fd7a9-39935b7e-5a7a59c6-d5b3d4b9-ef80b192.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2317ce6d-98e8483e-288eb0c5-75915158-68d32b83", "study_id": 56223986, "subject_id": 12605265, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic interstitial lung disease is\n similar to before. Findings: Lungs are hyperexpanded. Increased interstitial opacities with bibasilar\n predominance is unchanged. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion is identified. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is borderline enlarged,\n similar to before.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12605265/s56223986/2317ce6d-98e8483e-288eb0c5-75915158-68d32b83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "759d2b4c-528858f2-a95afe6a-027ca152-60cef7e5", "study_id": 56347164, "subject_id": 19251329, "report": "impression: Persistent opacity in the right lung could represent pneumonia. Right hilar\n prominence in the setting of treated pneumonia is concerning for underlying\n malignancy and CT is advised. Findings were discussed with Dr. ___. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Airspace opacity within the\n right upper lobe and to a lesser extent right lower lobe remains concerning\n for pneumonia. Relative prominence of the right pulmonary hilum could reflect\n the presence of reactive lymph nodes, though underlying mass is difficult to\n exclude. The left lung is clear. Patient is known to have emphysema. The\n heart size is stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19251329/s56347164/759d2b4c-528858f2-a95afe6a-027ca152-60cef7e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a726263-5b00db46-db1a8e39-a55c8e42-d13bd64c", "study_id": 51208852, "subject_id": 12979215, "report": "impression: 1. Stable bilateral mild hilar lymphadenopathy which is compatible with the\n patient's history of sarcoidosis.\n 2. Stable appearance of an old right sixth rib fracture.\n 3. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is stable prominence of the bilateral hilar regions, more so\n on the left than the right, and consistent with the patient's known hilar\n lymphadenopathy. This is not significantly changed from the prior chest\n radiograph. There is no consolidation, edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. An irregularity of the right posterior sixth rib likely\n reflects a prior healed fracture. This is unchanged in appearance from the\n prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12979215/s51208852/3a726263-5b00db46-db1a8e39-a55c8e42-d13bd64c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fb8e86a-d5f3b200-03b51da4-8e69b938-26d7ff42", "study_id": 59595553, "subject_id": 18806889, "report": "In comparison with the study of earlier in this date, there is\n little overall change. Monitoring and support devices remain in place. The\n appearance of the heart and mediastinal contours is unchanged. No evidence of\n pneumothorax or appreciable pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18806889/s59595553/4fb8e86a-d5f3b200-03b51da4-8e69b938-26d7ff42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38c17661-3aa6e5a5-5ad21803-a11fa6f9-bf3330f8", "study_id": 55775018, "subject_id": 17234374, "report": "impression: 1. Equivocal left lower lobe opacity could reflect pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical setting.\n 2. Stable right suprahilar mass with right lung volume loss. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable. The hila are unremarkable,\n although the right hilum is suboptimally assessed. The right suprahilar mass\n is grossly stable in appearance. Right lung volume loss is unchanged. Left\n lower lung airspace opacity is only appreciated on frontal projection, and\n appears new since prior exams. No correlate is identified on lateral view. \n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17234374/s55775018/38c17661-3aa6e5a5-5ad21803-a11fa6f9-bf3330f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3803d55-26f28d54-1e954fdb-9a8e8e72-6f514e94", "study_id": 50840973, "subject_id": 18043576, "report": "impression: Increased moderate layering left pleural effusion. Developing infection at the\n left lung base with possible empyema should be considered.\n Stable small layering right pleural effusion. Findings: The patient has had prior median sternotomy. Sternotomy wires are intact and\n aligned. All support devices, including ET tube, feeding tube, and right IJ\n central line remain in satisfactory position. A moderate layering left\n pleural effusion has increased. A small layering right pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax. There is stable elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18043576/s50840973/f3803d55-26f28d54-1e954fdb-9a8e8e72-6f514e94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e34d6bdb-b9674d02-401bc9a2-53f72d1b-df9f1a41", "study_id": 58414998, "subject_id": 19119676, "report": "Portable upright chest radiograph was obtained. Left PICC and left\n apically directed chest tube are in unchanged position. Left pleural pigtail\n catheter is seen with kinks that are less severe than on the recent prior\n study suggesting it has been manipulated. Right lung is well aerated. Left\n lung demonstrates nearly resolved left dependent effusion, with unchanged\n moderate quantity of pleural fluid tracking along the mediastinum. Left basal\n atelectasis is decreased. Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at ___ on ___ by\n phone.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19119676/s58414998/e34d6bdb-b9674d02-401bc9a2-53f72d1b-df9f1a41.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3e3c6a0-bca1c849-715c0a77-8c83e1d7-4a37b02f", "study_id": 50173951, "subject_id": 14258949, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Lungs are hyperinflated. There is left lower lobe opacity, concerning for\n pneumonia. Heart size is normal. There are no pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14258949/s50173951/d3e3c6a0-bca1c849-715c0a77-8c83e1d7-4a37b02f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f589f42-e345e1f5-836fdd0c-d4b50f20-532fc03f", "study_id": 51876042, "subject_id": 14827673, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute\n osseous abnormalities, degenerative changes noted in the spine. No free\n intraperitoneal air.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14827673/s51876042/5f589f42-e345e1f5-836fdd0c-d4b50f20-532fc03f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f7f9f7f-619c9668-c721041a-e8c71ece-f9b33105", "study_id": 55984905, "subject_id": 11607177, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, effusion, or overt pulmonary\n edema. Cardiomegaly is again noted. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device\n with coronary artery and right ventricular leads are again noted. Prior\n Swan-Ganz via right IJ central venous line are no longer seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11607177/s55984905/8f7f9f7f-619c9668-c721041a-e8c71ece-f9b33105.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eeafb021-5e6f4f1e-b8eb41d6-128b494b-b4cda9be", "study_id": 57438262, "subject_id": 18648548, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No subdiaphragmatic free air. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are seen within the imaged thoracic spine. No\n subdiaphragmatic free air is present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18648548/s57438262/eeafb021-5e6f4f1e-b8eb41d6-128b494b-b4cda9be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f7f6e19-fc43ee7a-f0b5832b-0eccf4f4-d5c155b5", "study_id": 57099899, "subject_id": 17007441, "report": "impression: Mild worsening of coarse bibasilar opacities. Findings: A portable view of the chest demonstrates mild worsening of course bibasilar\n opacities, still better than on ___. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. There is no pneumothorax and small, if any pleural effusion. Left PICC\n and endotracheal tube are unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17007441/s57099899/5f7f6e19-fc43ee7a-f0b5832b-0eccf4f4-d5c155b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3d80855-648c90e8-3634983b-a26647bf-a1078854", "study_id": 59123366, "subject_id": 11539566, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. Bibasilar dependent atelectasis and low lung\n volumes. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes\n with bibasilar bronchovascular crowding. There is left greater than right\n basilar atelectasis, similar as before. Upper lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax, vascular congestion, or gross pleural effusion. Trace pleural\n fluid would be difficult to exclude. Mild multilevel thoracic spondylosis is\n present. The heart is not enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11539566/s59123366/c3d80855-648c90e8-3634983b-a26647bf-a1078854.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba873e79-52afc75c-52b04bdd-c378e014-1664b516", "study_id": 51105718, "subject_id": 12191261, "report": "impression: No acute cardiompulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. \n Retrocardiac opacity is seen only on lateral view, without frontal correlary. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12191261/s51105718/ba873e79-52afc75c-52b04bdd-c378e014-1664b516.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df835dbe-451d98ee-a3a101fb-081c0161-ededea73", "study_id": 59372025, "subject_id": 11219086, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No\n pulmonary edema. Heart size is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified. No subdiaphragmatic free air. Cholecystectomy clips are noted in\n the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11219086/s59372025/df835dbe-451d98ee-a3a101fb-081c0161-ededea73.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e20766c-450f50d2-3dbe5220-a2914f79-ce2bfb9b", "study_id": 53943228, "subject_id": 19792012, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumonia.\n 2. Tortuous and/or ectatic thoracic aorta. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion,\n edema, or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal. The ascending and\n descending thoracic aorta are tortuous and/or ectatic. No acute osseous\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19792012/s53943228/2e20766c-450f50d2-3dbe5220-a2914f79-ce2bfb9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf00a8c9-0fcf35eb-41400e34-0c07e127-f0e4eecb", "study_id": 58291153, "subject_id": 13943354, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph; specifically, no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13943354/s58291153/cf00a8c9-0fcf35eb-41400e34-0c07e127-f0e4eecb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "736567d0-cb86d4a2-cfa48f20-da440415-347a307e", "study_id": 57871916, "subject_id": 12921057, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural effusions and\n bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the heart is re- demonstrated. Extensive coronary\n artery calcifications are present. Aortic knob demonstrates dense\n calcifications. The mediastinal and hilar contours otherwise are unchanged. \n There is mild to moderate pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural\n effusions. Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect compressive\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax is identified. Multilevel degenerative changes\n of the thoracic spine are present. Known sclerotic metastatic lesions within\n the axial skeleton are better assessed on the prior CT. Degenerative changes\n of the right glenohumeral joint are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12921057/s57871916/736567d0-cb86d4a2-cfa48f20-da440415-347a307e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d2019a4-307f1fb7-8bf262e6-117f8bc4-28d86c89", "study_id": 51098401, "subject_id": 13198081, "report": "impression: 1. Stable tiny left apical pneumothorax.\n 2. Persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion.\n 3. Focal left lower lobe atelectasis. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is improved from ___ study. Pulmonary vascular\n congestion is stable without pulmonary edema. New mild left lower lobe\n atelectasis is seen. Biapical scarring is seen and unchanged. A tiny left\n pneumothorax is seen and in retrospect is unchanged in size when compared\n ___ study. Left rib fractures are again seen and better evaluated on\n CT chest/abd/pelv of ___.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13198081/s51098401/0d2019a4-307f1fb7-8bf262e6-117f8bc4-28d86c89.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca5c4ef8-d5b739f0-7c4f3085-7868549b-7c8ffab0", "study_id": 55189230, "subject_id": 16357386, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \n No acute displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16357386/s55189230/ca5c4ef8-d5b739f0-7c4f3085-7868549b-7c8ffab0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50133f09-e165f00c-7361bf6f-6a08dee8-7eea7014", "study_id": 51896042, "subject_id": 18556017, "report": "impression: Radiation fibrosis within the left upper lobe and lingula. No new focal\n consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours remain within normal limits, and the\n heart size is normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Patchy opacities within\n the left upper lobe and lingula likely reflect radiation changes as seen on\n the previous CT. No new focal consolidation is demonstrated. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormality is visualized.\n Irregularity of the left third and fifth ribs is re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18556017/s51896042/50133f09-e165f00c-7361bf6f-6a08dee8-7eea7014.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9d1cd7d-182e5906-b13eeaf4-a99cdfb5-addeeaad", "study_id": 50667086, "subject_id": 12275760, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12275760/s50667086/a9d1cd7d-182e5906-b13eeaf4-a99cdfb5-addeeaad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abc19cae-595c9aae-af562dbd-d05d015f-31f8eb3f", "study_id": 56126288, "subject_id": 13999829, "report": "impression: Worsening large left base consolidation and nodular right lung\n base mass which are better assessed on same day chest CTA exam. Findings: Heart size is normal. There is prominence of the right hilar\n contour, likely representing lymphadenopathy. A left base consolidation as\n well as a nodular mass in the right lower lobe correspond to CT findings from\n ___. The left lower lobe findings corresponding to probable necrosis\n which is worse compared to prior study and right lung base nodular opacity\n corresponding to adenocarcinoma. The upper lung fields are clear. There is\n no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13999829/s56126288/abc19cae-595c9aae-af562dbd-d05d015f-31f8eb3f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d010169-9c77e8a3-4c83daa6-5d9fd19c-ddb507a1", "study_id": 58791192, "subject_id": 19466866, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Known subcentimeter pulmonary nodules\n not well visualized.\n 2. Triangular opacity in peripheral left midlung likely artifact. Consider\n repeat CXR to confirm. \n 3. Stable pectus excavatum deformity. Findings: The lungs are clear. A small triangular\n opacity along the peripheral left midlung is likely an artifact. There is no\n pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is evident. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Air-filled\n colon is visualized below the left hemidiaphragm. Probable cervical spinal\n fusion hardware is incompletely imaged in the region of the right neck. Known\n subcentimeter pulmonary nodules are better characterized on prior CT\n examination. There is a mild pectus excavatum deformity.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19466866/s58791192/1d010169-9c77e8a3-4c83daa6-5d9fd19c-ddb507a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8cf8e9e-b8f2bc55-09b0e9d1-ccdd1659-bc42bf45", "study_id": 52474642, "subject_id": 11786150, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There relatively low lung volumes. Bibasilar atelectasis is mild. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.\n 2 lead left-sided pacemaker is seen with leads extending the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The cardiac silhouette is\n top-normal. The aorta may be tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11786150/s52474642/c8cf8e9e-b8f2bc55-09b0e9d1-ccdd1659-bc42bf45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c9502cc-3ca64edc-2bf352ef-dd97ae36-23502ca9", "study_id": 50939486, "subject_id": 19881666, "report": "impression: Heart size is normal. Mediastinum is normal. Minimal bibasal linear\n opacities are present potentially representing areas of atelectasis but\n infectious process in particular viral or a typical mycoplasma pneumonia\n cannot be excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Followup\n of the patient 4 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy is recommended Findings: .", "image_path": [ "p19/p19881666/s50939486/7c9502cc-3ca64edc-2bf352ef-dd97ae36-23502ca9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08049bdf-1e627998-65839d02-3838d4e0-18ce0dce", "study_id": 51095951, "subject_id": 18624255, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, right worse than left, slightly worsened since prior\n examination, likely a combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis. However\n an overlying infectious process cannot be entirely excluded. Findings: Bibasilar opacities have increased since prior examination, right worse than\n left, likely a component of atelectasis and pleural effusion. There is also\n persistent retrocardiac opacity. An overlying infectious process cannot be\n entirely exclude. The heart is enlarged, stable. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes\n of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18624255/s51095951/08049bdf-1e627998-65839d02-3838d4e0-18ce0dce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e30b40c2-e85ad8c8-b1674592-df1454b0-b38c49a1", "study_id": 57541675, "subject_id": 11102931, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is top normal in size. The hilar and mediastinal\n contours are within normal limits. There is tortuosity of the aorta. Lungs\n are clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11102931/s57541675/e30b40c2-e85ad8c8-b1674592-df1454b0-b38c49a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af7c6a26-ecd78c68-5ad83909-303307b2-d83c9880", "study_id": 55266704, "subject_id": 18777781, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs remain clear without consolidation,\n effusion, or vascular congestion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18777781/s55266704/af7c6a26-ecd78c68-5ad83909-303307b2-d83c9880.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3dfcae5-0e1e3b0b-e8c2f6e4-f0931c2d-64bf5d7a", "study_id": 57836343, "subject_id": 12574098, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12574098/s57836343/f3dfcae5-0e1e3b0b-e8c2f6e4-f0931c2d-64bf5d7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6cfa0771-c2214afb-b1ee7a7e-e5259cfd-4f6c77db", "study_id": 58663275, "subject_id": 19935359, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or acutely displaced rib fractures.\n Subacute left lower rib fractures. No pneumothorax.\n \n These findings were relayed to Dr. ___ as requested. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate clear\n lungs with no evidence of pneumonia. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. A right chest wall port with the catheter terminating in the\n mid-to-low SVC is unchanged. Subacute left lower rib fractures are seen,\n which appear partially healed. No acutely displaced rib fractures are\n identified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19935359/s58663275/6cfa0771-c2214afb-b1ee7a7e-e5259cfd-4f6c77db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73d73935-25919ab9-247d36f6-544391f2-66ffdc70", "study_id": 58126364, "subject_id": 18036188, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the monitoring\n and support devices are essentially unchanged. Continued enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with bilateral pleural effusions and compressive\n atelectasis at the bases. Substantial volume loss in the left lower lobe.\n \n There has been the sudden development of increased opacification in the left\n upper zone. The configuration suggests that this represents something\n external to the patient. A repeat study would be recommended.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18036188/s58126364/73d73935-25919ab9-247d36f6-544391f2-66ffdc70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6b08a880-743f640f-20e99d2a-ccd7b515-bee5104d", "study_id": 58463468, "subject_id": 18847956, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. Scarring within the lung apices is unchanged. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No acute osseous abnormalities seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18847956/s58463468/6b08a880-743f640f-20e99d2a-ccd7b515-bee5104d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e2dc073-5c90f244-564db8d5-a84f5f39-c8842c3e", "study_id": 53608369, "subject_id": 11143932, "report": "impression: Expected position of dual-chamber pacing leads. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Pacing leads from\n a left chest generator project over the expected positions in the right atrium\n and right ventricle. Mild cardiomegaly is similar. No pneumothorax, pleural\n effusion, or consolidation is present. Median sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are in the expected positions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11143932/s53608369/6e2dc073-5c90f244-564db8d5-a84f5f39-c8842c3e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8854db62-d174f1fc-91955f2d-30b103c1-03af9557", "study_id": 53902591, "subject_id": 18948818, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Mild thoracic compression\n deformity. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal range. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. There is a mild superior endplate compression\n deformity along a mid thoracic vertebral body, probably T8.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18948818/s53902591/8854db62-d174f1fc-91955f2d-30b103c1-03af9557.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "febe8505-62f3035d-a2b2c724-d12a92e4-9b7cf225", "study_id": 58786028, "subject_id": 15969346, "report": "impression: Limited, negative. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low\n limiting assessment. In the setting of low lung volumes, there is no overt\n evidence for pneumonia edema, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears prominent though this is likely due to technique. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15969346/s58786028/febe8505-62f3035d-a2b2c724-d12a92e4-9b7cf225.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60344577-60da26e5-272e5669-149c047b-67f8e0b2", "study_id": 55193479, "subject_id": 10430258, "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of ___. The heart size remains within normal limits. No configurational\n abnormality is seen. Unremarkable presentation of thoracic aorta. The\n pulmonary vasculature is not congested. There is evidence of multiple\n surgical biopsy interventions performed in this patient with a metastatic\n testicular teratoma. One can identify multiple local pleural densities in the\n right hemithorax and evidence of surgical clips in the right mid portion and\n lower area consistent with previous wedge biopsies and removal of metastases. \n Similar changes exist also on the left side with local pleural thickenings and\n evidence of surgical clips in the left upper lobe area with linear pulmonary\n scar formations and local thickening in the apical area. There is no evidence\n of pulmonary congestion, local pneumothorax or massive pleural effusions in\n this patient with now acute left-sided shoulder pain. Our records include\n multiple chest examinations dating from ___. The next preceding\n available chest examination is dated ___. This finding of\n postoperative scar formations have actually regressed and on the present\n examination no acute findings are imminent. A further evaluation with chest\n CT is recommended after discussion with referring physician, ___. ___.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10430258/s55193479/60344577-60da26e5-272e5669-149c047b-67f8e0b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17c7816c-1d1b9887-05253f03-0bac1511-e70d057e", "study_id": 53377417, "subject_id": 17672254, "report": "impression: Persistent left lower lobe collapse, superimposed infection not excluded. \n Increased right basilar atelectasis. Findings: There is persistent left lower lobe collapse with resultant shift of the\n cardiomediastinal contours to the left. Superimposed infection of the left\n lower lobe is not excluded. Atelectasis at the right lung base is increased\n compared to the most recent prior study. The left internal jugular catheter\n terminates at the brachiocephalic, SVC junction. ETT is in standard position.\n Enteric tube courses towards the stomach with distal tip not captured on the\n current study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17672254/s53377417/17c7816c-1d1b9887-05253f03-0bac1511-e70d057e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3fd3864-97f436e9-a3df7a21-af2ed95c-69746dcc", "study_id": 51498727, "subject_id": 14955324, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: Lung volumes are low with bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar\n atelectasis. No focal opacification concerning for pneumonia identified. \n Stable cardiomegaly. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Anterior\n osteophyte formation present along thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14955324/s51498727/d3fd3864-97f436e9-a3df7a21-af2ed95c-69746dcc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "409c5633-04450733-1880dfab-bee5b645-cc707803", "study_id": 50581723, "subject_id": 10056223, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes which may account for some of the prominence of the transverse\n diameter of the heart. No evidence of vascular congestion or pleural\n effusion. Specifically, no acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10056223/s50581723/409c5633-04450733-1880dfab-bee5b645-cc707803.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a634577-aaee5b59-578bc58e-3bfce666-693dc6c1", "study_id": 58981024, "subject_id": 14249822, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen at the aortic\n knob. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear and the\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14249822/s58981024/7a634577-aaee5b59-578bc58e-3bfce666-693dc6c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdb488c2-a0062082-7feac645-47ad6c56-c8a8065a", "study_id": 53673602, "subject_id": 11438336, "report": "Again seen is moderately enlarged heart, pulmonary vascular\n re-distribution and small bilateral effusions compatible with fluid overload. \n In addition there is a new right lower lobe infiltrate which could be\n infectious in etiology.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11438336/s53673602/bdb488c2-a0062082-7feac645-47ad6c56-c8a8065a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "967fae1b-f6c9cb13-3a8b3fda-ce21271b-de85c91c", "study_id": 56700179, "subject_id": 10899590, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs remain clear of consolidation, noting slightly\n lower lung volumes on the current exam. Similar nodular opacity is seen in\n the right mid lung laterally appears more dense, potentially calcified on the\n current exam. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous\n and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10899590/s56700179/967fae1b-f6c9cb13-3a8b3fda-ce21271b-de85c91c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a504d093-584d96f4-eae0c2ec-b6f2a905-16219e37", "study_id": 56625109, "subject_id": 18197523, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities are suspicious for aspiration or pneumonia, potentially\n with superimposed atelectasis at the left lung base. Trace left pleural\n effusion. Findings: There are faint opacities in both lower lobes, suspicious for aspiration or\n pneumonia. It is also possible that the left basilar opacity may reflect\n atelectasis in the setting of persistent left hemidiaphragm elevation. Upper\n lungs are clear. Minimal blunting of the left costophrenic angle suggests\n trace pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18197523/s56625109/a504d093-584d96f4-eae0c2ec-b6f2a905-16219e37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "066fb40b-b40dec3e-1f66629a-e26f6044-88c35e41", "study_id": 52127498, "subject_id": 16679893, "report": "impression: Normal size heart size favors noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, which has\n improved.\n Stable right lower lobe collapse.\n Stable layering pleural effusions. Findings: The endotracheal tube terminates at the level of the clavicles. A nasogastric\n tube extends into the stomach, tip not visualized. Right-sided volume loss,\n presumably due to right lower lobe collapse is unchanged. Bilateral layering\n pleural effusions are also unchanged. Extensive bilateral airspace opacities\n have improved. The patient has had previous axillary lymph node dissection. \n There is no pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits\n despite the projection.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16679893/s52127498/066fb40b-b40dec3e-1f66629a-e26f6044-88c35e41.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73ba1a5e-be6c11a4-cacce71d-5f6e4a57-9ef76b9c", "study_id": 51553765, "subject_id": 11255988, "report": "impression: Stable multifocal consolidations Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable. Multifocal peribronchial\n consolidations and nodules in the right upper lobe and lower lobes bilaterally\n larger on the right are grossly unchanged, better evaluated in prior CT. .\n There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are\n unremarkable. Right port a cath tip is in the cavoatrial junction", "image_path": [ "p11/p11255988/s51553765/73ba1a5e-be6c11a4-cacce71d-5f6e4a57-9ef76b9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c0c62552-ba932ce9-978a2121-d3d1a737-54da5c3a", "study_id": 51021902, "subject_id": 11189676, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac silhouette is stable and top-normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous. There is no overt pulmonary edema. No displaced\n fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11189676/s51021902/c0c62552-ba932ce9-978a2121-d3d1a737-54da5c3a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e655305-f6a76817-eef3d88e-d88a2e3f-cf3cbb9b", "study_id": 56016228, "subject_id": 11357292, "report": "impression: Trace pneumothorax status post hiatal hernia repair. Enteric\n catheter tip terminates at the diaphragmatic hiatus. Findings: A single portable AP chest radiograph was obtained. The enteric\n catheter follows the right lateral course through the gastric neo-esophagus. \n The tip of the enteric catheter terminates at the level of the diaphragmatic\n hiatus. Esophagectomy staple line is unchanged. Right lower lobe scarring\n and right basilar atelectasis have slightly increased. A minimal right apical\n pneumothorax is present. The left lung is clear. No effusion is present. \n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11357292/s56016228/5e655305-f6a76817-eef3d88e-d88a2e3f-cf3cbb9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74f87779-645e29ae-d527908d-28b0798e-0128bfa4", "study_id": 55183947, "subject_id": 19135566, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Normal lung volumes. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette with\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. \n No pleural effusions. Slight deviation of the trachea to the left and\n increased upper mediastinal density to the right may suggest the presence of a\n thyroid nodule with extensive effect. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19135566/s55183947/74f87779-645e29ae-d527908d-28b0798e-0128bfa4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e525d39c-6332002a-9c9675e3-a6daee3d-7aa2ceae", "study_id": 51130693, "subject_id": 10626795, "report": "impression: 1. Small left perihilar density is present and most likely represents a\n vessel, although a small pulmonary nodule cannot be excluded. Finding will be\n further evaluated on pending chest CTA.\n 2. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: An 8 mm round density is present in the left perihilar region, most\n likely a vessel, but a small pulmonary nodule cannot be excluded. The lungs\n are otherwise clear without consolidations or edema. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10626795/s51130693/e525d39c-6332002a-9c9675e3-a6daee3d-7aa2ceae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c34f212-83172cf7-a973fc34-70b04ef7-4a8b8a7d", "study_id": 57443482, "subject_id": 15566321, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with pulmonary vascular congestion. Stable\n mediastinal silhouette. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. There is mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. The mediastinal silhouette appears unchanged compared to\n prior study from ___. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15566321/s57443482/7c34f212-83172cf7-a973fc34-70b04ef7-4a8b8a7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d612723-a5252ed2-f85ec762-0c4753e0-ad38fc01", "study_id": 55041172, "subject_id": 17925184, "report": "impression: Increased bibasilar opacity, especially on the right lung base\n for suspicious RLL pneumonia. Findings were discussed by Dr ___ with Dr.\n ___ at 5.___ pm Findings: Left jugular PICC line is unchanged and in standard position with\n tip ending at the mid SVC. The opacification of the lung bases is increased,\n especially at the right base, but without loss of volume. This is consistent\n with right lower lobe pneumonia. There is also an increased vascular\n congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17925184/s55041172/6d612723-a5252ed2-f85ec762-0c4753e0-ad38fc01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d726902-288b855d-629d035d-15cae34f-e7620edb", "study_id": 57040726, "subject_id": 13503272, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: A ventriculoperitoneal shunt courses across the right side of the\n chest, as before. A left upper quadrant fragment is unchanged. The heart is\n normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within normal\n limits. The lungs appear clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13503272/s57040726/8d726902-288b855d-629d035d-15cae34f-e7620edb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0562a18-6650fe4e-c1f592a7-e242798e-5f8c3fdf", "study_id": 52957703, "subject_id": 12633892, "report": "The tip of the endotracheal tube lies approximately 4 cm above the\n carina. Nasogastric tube extends into the distal stomach. Low lung volumes\n without evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12633892/s52957703/a0562a18-6650fe4e-c1f592a7-e242798e-5f8c3fdf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df61eafd-7e598f57-3e7e7632-2793ba5e-8436bea0", "study_id": 53409957, "subject_id": 18124673, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is no\n definite consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Subtle hazy opacity over\n the lower lungs likely reflects superimposed breast tissue. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18124673/s53409957/df61eafd-7e598f57-3e7e7632-2793ba5e-8436bea0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d912d1da-b1a5a440-34b8499c-7a0022dc-93160384", "study_id": 54129063, "subject_id": 17250375, "report": "impression: Interval worsening. Findings: Stable retrocardiac consolidation likely atelectasis, since prior. Worsened\n right basilar, lingular opacities, may represent atelectasis, consider\n pneumonitis, aspiration in the appropriate clinical setting. Stable heart\n size. Mild interstitial prominence in the lower lungs, more prominent, may\n represent edema. Small pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17250375/s54129063/d912d1da-b1a5a440-34b8499c-7a0022dc-93160384.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a1ca8c3-c24f4cfe-9e2800dd-de591efb-c4675546", "study_id": 59561563, "subject_id": 17405903, "report": "impression: Bibasilar interstitial opacities, worse on the right. The focal\n opacity at the right lung base is particulary concerning and may represent\n infection, aspiration, or asymmetric edema. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph. Median sternotomy wires are intact\n and mediastinal clips are again noted. There is are bibasilar interstitial\n opacities, moreso on the right. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17405903/s59561563/8a1ca8c3-c24f4cfe-9e2800dd-de591efb-c4675546.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53275393-dea5f22c-25b6e3c0-03d5a4d2-5c1dcd11", "study_id": 55941494, "subject_id": 18680875, "report": "impression: Mild right base atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is mild right base\n atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. No large pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. Gastrostomy tube is noted overlying the left\n abdomen. Surgical clips are again seen overlying the left lung apex.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18680875/s55941494/53275393-dea5f22c-25b6e3c0-03d5a4d2-5c1dcd11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3222ed6-359f37e9-bc5a4607-3a482bfc-505a8e99", "study_id": 51684698, "subject_id": 17304513, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Two views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes with resultant\n bronchovascular crowding and prominence of the cardiomediastinal silhouette.\n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged in is accompanied by pulmonary vascular\n redistribution. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is\n identified. There may be mild vascular congestion. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17304513/s51684698/d3222ed6-359f37e9-bc5a4607-3a482bfc-505a8e99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce5b287d-7d3b3ba8-6679d8bb-3943729a-b82a1404", "study_id": 59432555, "subject_id": 17276165, "report": "impression: 1. No suspicious lung lesion.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly. Dilated bilateral pulmonary arteries, likely\n reflective of underlying pulmonary hypertension. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.\n \n The lungs are fully expanded and clear. The heart is mildly enlarged. There\n is enlargement of the bilateral hila secdonary to dilated pulmonary arteries. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17276165/s59432555/ce5b287d-7d3b3ba8-6679d8bb-3943729a-b82a1404.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad1dbe13-6454c5fd-d3029070-e66ccacf-97c94223", "study_id": 55753134, "subject_id": 11579913, "report": "impression: 1. No pulmonary edema.\n 2. 2.6 x 2.3 cm rounded nodular opacity projecting over the left lung base,\n which may represent a nipple shadow or skin lesion. Recommend repeating the\n chest radiograph with nipple markers, and images should be reviewed by a\n radiologist before the patient leaves the department. Findings: Lung volumes are normal. There is no consolidation. A nodular opacity\n projects over the left lung there is some entering 2.6 x 2.3 cm, which is new\n from ___. No correlate on the lateral view is identified, and this\n may represent a nipple shadow or something projecting over the skin. No\n evidence of pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Surgical\n clips are noted along the right apex.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11579913/s55753134/ad1dbe13-6454c5fd-d3029070-e66ccacf-97c94223.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aee0fb29-758c7eb0-b7b2d062-c2bbd010-647e41ad", "study_id": 50182181, "subject_id": 12596080, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12596080/s50182181/aee0fb29-758c7eb0-b7b2d062-c2bbd010-647e41ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7a9be7b-53550036-188b347e-2ef3a9bd-93bdb9a9", "study_id": 54924664, "subject_id": 16746677, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and\n mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No fractures are detected, although\n this technique is limited for evaluation of osseous trauma.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16746677/s54924664/a7a9be7b-53550036-188b347e-2ef3a9bd-93bdb9a9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3935bcd8-e12a541f-85b4c622-c10ff22c-7f05b34e", "study_id": 59207922, "subject_id": 12321369, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes\n which results in bronchovascular crowding. Bibasilar atelectasis is present.\n The hila are somewhat indistinct bilaterally, consistent with mild pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12321369/s59207922/3935bcd8-e12a541f-85b4c622-c10ff22c-7f05b34e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df8027e5-68c276c5-28bc4a0c-88193c12-0fcedabf", "study_id": 50027614, "subject_id": 13473069, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well expanded\n and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13473069/s50027614/df8027e5-68c276c5-28bc4a0c-88193c12-0fcedabf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2935a42e-b192de5b-e10e492c-20cb50a9-8cca5612", "study_id": 53135659, "subject_id": 17611334, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. There are relatively low lung volumes. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged.\n No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17611334/s53135659/2935a42e-b192de5b-e10e492c-20cb50a9-8cca5612.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ec9adce-9ef56aef-86495d5e-28280e42-b835188a", "study_id": 59161445, "subject_id": 12476440, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The rings are clear. The cardiomediastinal contours are unremarkable. Mild\n patient rotation. No pleural effusions. No interstitial pulmonary edema. \n The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. Multilevel degenerative changes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12476440/s59161445/4ec9adce-9ef56aef-86495d5e-28280e42-b835188a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1396f4c9-d5a1ac9a-e2c26a38-f1a32b6d-49247e08", "study_id": 59008720, "subject_id": 14340944, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again substantial left\n pneumothorax following left upper lobe resection. Chest tube remains in place\n with the tip projected medially at the level of the apex. Bilateral\n atelectatic changes are again seen with post-operative changes in the left\n hemithorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14340944/s59008720/1396f4c9-d5a1ac9a-e2c26a38-f1a32b6d-49247e08.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "164d2b09-bbfb39c8-8a39a410-3369f212-ab05bfa9", "study_id": 50352457, "subject_id": 10065997, "report": "impression: Faint increased opacification of right mid and lower lungs may be\n artifactual though cannot exclude early infectious process in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal, hilar, and cardiac contours. Faint asymmetric increased\n opacification of the right lower and mid lobes compared to the left may be\n positional, though early infectious process cannot be excluded. No\n pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10065997/s50352457/164d2b09-bbfb39c8-8a39a410-3369f212-ab05bfa9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d71d108a-b8094761-20ce0dea-4e86834f-cd69c8c2", "study_id": 59133824, "subject_id": 10449408, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube and\n nasogastric tubes have been removed. Right IJ catheter again extends to the\n region of the cavoatrial junction. There is again enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with moderate pulmonary vascular congestion. Retrocardiac\n opacification is consistent with volume loss in the left lower lobe.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10449408/s59133824/d71d108a-b8094761-20ce0dea-4e86834f-cd69c8c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8db72a5d-cabaf04d-7d8e5f2a-fff9cace-f3c0baed", "study_id": 53777997, "subject_id": 15785721, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are similar in appearance compared to ___. There may be minimal prominence of the main pulmonary artery. Surgical\n clips are noted in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15785721/s53777997/8db72a5d-cabaf04d-7d8e5f2a-fff9cace-f3c0baed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e34f765-6f14c90c-5141e9e9-71108e3b-295c172a", "study_id": 57931411, "subject_id": 18962190, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly, pectus deformity, and left pacemaker lead\n placement. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly exaggerated by pectus deformity is unchanged. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. The left pacemaker, right atrial and right\n ventricular leads are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18962190/s57931411/5e34f765-6f14c90c-5141e9e9-71108e3b-295c172a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7243ab46-5b1eb15d-d66d2353-0e0583ec-f0aa8764", "study_id": 55730087, "subject_id": 18205389, "report": "impression: Left PICC ends in the mid SVC. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. A left PICC\n ends in the mid SVC. The lungs are well expanded and clear without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. No osseous abnormality\n is identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18205389/s55730087/7243ab46-5b1eb15d-d66d2353-0e0583ec-f0aa8764.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdbd5278-2a5151aa-ceec1c8d-da996b20-50351769", "study_id": 59868688, "subject_id": 17341633, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Some degenerative changes are seen along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17341633/s59868688/fdbd5278-2a5151aa-ceec1c8d-da996b20-50351769.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "677e6de5-ed451a59-56265d31-aabe27e9-06187adb", "study_id": 57478690, "subject_id": 14483101, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of focal\n infiltrate. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs remain clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14483101/s57478690/677e6de5-ed451a59-56265d31-aabe27e9-06187adb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a17c66b-5680ccfe-fd51afd7-b76a0b12-1194b0ff", "study_id": 50809428, "subject_id": 14828203, "report": "impression: Bilateral airspace opacities concerning for multifocal pneumonia.\n Posttreatment radiographs to complete resolution is recommended. Findings: Support Devices: None.\n \n There are multifocal bilateral airspace opacities. There is no pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. There has been minimal interval progression\n of an upper thoracic vertebra compression fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14828203/s50809428/5a17c66b-5680ccfe-fd51afd7-b76a0b12-1194b0ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceda5e53-61acda28-ee98df1b-53912d9c-b2c2fd55", "study_id": 56110698, "subject_id": 18912284, "report": "impression: Findings consistent with pneumonia. Findings: A new opacity in the superior segment of the right lower lobe is most\n consistent with pneumonia. Elsewhere, the lungs remain clear. There no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18912284/s56110698/ceda5e53-61acda28-ee98df1b-53912d9c-b2c2fd55.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba3fe942-58ac81df-28569338-21c12274-40c09dea", "study_id": 53545278, "subject_id": 16715089, "report": "impression: Slight increase in bilateral interstitial opacities consistent\n with pulmonary edema. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Compared to prior study,\n there is increase in interstitial opacities throughout both lungs, which is\n more symmetric today. This most likely represents pulmonary edema. Mild\n cardiomegaly is stable. Aortic knob calcifications are stable. No large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16715089/s53545278/ba3fe942-58ac81df-28569338-21c12274-40c09dea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ac2429d-b1bdd2b4-d76ce168-254b325e-dc036a2c", "study_id": 57638041, "subject_id": 13018544, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n is top-normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13018544/s57638041/0ac2429d-b1bdd2b4-d76ce168-254b325e-dc036a2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "844dc8e7-46386bf4-1e8fc7d2-29e411eb-79410104", "study_id": 57803724, "subject_id": 15353817, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube, feeding tube, nasogastric tube and right internal jugular\n central line are unchanged in position. A catheter is also seen overlying the\n right upper quadrant. There is residual mild perihilar edema with a layering\n right effusion. No pneumothorax is appreciated. Overall cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are stably enlarged. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest film ___ 05:07 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15353817/s57803724/844dc8e7-46386bf4-1e8fc7d2-29e411eb-79410104.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04304806-9af1b4f9-e6165a90-3e7957ab-8a557d7d", "study_id": 55663759, "subject_id": 13661098, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph, the lung volumes are somewhat\n decreased. There is however no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is\n no free air.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13661098/s55663759/04304806-9af1b4f9-e6165a90-3e7957ab-8a557d7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "19d557af-69567ca1-2fa95b12-11761625-7935c763", "study_id": 56823940, "subject_id": 12206978, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12206978/s56823940/19d557af-69567ca1-2fa95b12-11761625-7935c763.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1dde10d0-796a77b6-4ad0f4d9-78077d78-538d39dd", "study_id": 52375367, "subject_id": 10637168, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices are unchanged. On the right, no pleural effusion is detected. On the\n left, there is a small pleural effusion limited to the costophrenic sinus,\n decreasing in extent as compared to the previous examination. However, areas\n of basal atelectasis are still seen in the retrocardiac lung regions and at\n the left lung base. Minimal atelectasis at the right lung base. Mild fluid\n overload but no overt pulmonary edema. No evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10637168/s52375367/1dde10d0-796a77b6-4ad0f4d9-78077d78-538d39dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d59a7193-5b8aaf2c-5eb7ce93-bc0c23b6-000e881e", "study_id": 54239275, "subject_id": 18103619, "report": "impression: ET tube situated at the thoracic inlet 4.7 cm above the carina. Clear lungs. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube is at the thoracic inlet 4.7 cm above the\n carina. Lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. An enteric tube terminates within the gastric fundus.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18103619/s54239275/d59a7193-5b8aaf2c-5eb7ce93-bc0c23b6-000e881e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe8b9abb-a723ff07-1df4d034-f7e28747-256dee04", "study_id": 54698824, "subject_id": 10302356, "report": "impression: Evidence of a large diaphragmatic, hiatal hernia is again seen with\n intrathoracic stomach and loops of bowel. There is slight blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle and there may be trace pleural effusion. Retrocardiac\n opacity likely relates to large hiatal hernia with associated atelectasis.\n Underlying consolidation is not excluded although felt less likely. Findings: Evidence of a large diaphragmatic, hiatal hernia is again seen with\n intrathoracic stomach and loops of bowel. There is slight blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle and there may be trace pleural effusion. Retrocardiac\n opacity likely relates to large hiatal hernia with associated atelectasis.\n Underlying consolidation is not excluded although felt less likely. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Diffuse osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10302356/s54698824/fe8b9abb-a723ff07-1df4d034-f7e28747-256dee04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6c4bf2b-49f2c554-6a6d1206-e99b5e4e-2774d225", "study_id": 52071039, "subject_id": 14690648, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart appears moderately enlarged. There is mild unfolding and\n calcification along the aorta. Mild relative elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm compared to the right is noted. There are also several small\n calcified nodules projecting over the left mid lung suggesting granulomas. \n The lungs appear otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Bony structures are difficult to assess, but there is\n apparently a moderate wedge compression deformity along the lower thoracic\n spine, as well as moderate degenerative changes throughout the visualized\n thoracic spine with narrowed interspaces.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14690648/s52071039/a6c4bf2b-49f2c554-6a6d1206-e99b5e4e-2774d225.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e89702e-d60b99d2-fa39a6f2-8a7ec3e8-dca79e1e", "study_id": 57688492, "subject_id": 14009508, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14009508/s57688492/9e89702e-d60b99d2-fa39a6f2-8a7ec3e8-dca79e1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cae1e193-95816bb3-6f589b21-6fa3d042-a1312ede", "study_id": 55657511, "subject_id": 11321058, "report": "impression: Retrocardiac streaky opacity, likely atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Retrocardiac streaky\n opacity likely reflects atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11321058/s55657511/cae1e193-95816bb3-6f589b21-6fa3d042-a1312ede.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "755d9190-6d6b4887-d1262efa-8344b947-4ed4c7c5", "study_id": 54030448, "subject_id": 11966112, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n of normal size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. Lungs are clear\n without focal or diffuse abnormality. The pulmonary vasculature is\n unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign bodies.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11966112/s54030448/755d9190-6d6b4887-d1262efa-8344b947-4ed4c7c5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdf00488-64c56d66-eb376a21-f642a209-4a1d6c94", "study_id": 56895175, "subject_id": 10667727, "report": "impression: The right pleural effusion is persistent and unchanged, despite the right\n pleural drain. Findings: The NG tube, right PICC line in the upper SVC, and right pleural drain are\n unchanged in position. Constant right pleural effusion, despite the right\n pleural drain. Enlarged cardiac silhouette is stable. No new focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10667727/s56895175/fdf00488-64c56d66-eb376a21-f642a209-4a1d6c94.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7f20df3-d3f8de7f-18fdd264-3c0e99c9-323e34df", "study_id": 58067038, "subject_id": 18640905, "report": "impression: No significant change in appearance of the chest since the prior study. Findings: The lung volumes are slightly lower compared to the prior study, with\n persistent mild bibasilar opacities, possibly atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. There is no pneumothorax or overt\n pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18640905/s58067038/c7f20df3-d3f8de7f-18fdd264-3c0e99c9-323e34df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2fc5722-e060d603-14475ce6-2b1fa724-cf7ca2d8", "study_id": 56268259, "subject_id": 10967333, "report": "impression: As above peer Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Blunting of the right CP angles\n unchanged and may reflect chronic pleural thickening given unchanged\n appearance compared with ___. No signs of pneumonia or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10967333/s56268259/f2fc5722-e060d603-14475ce6-2b1fa724-cf7ca2d8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "affe7c78-168d4964-090595c2-2a4476f9-f47a3450", "study_id": 58728559, "subject_id": 14770419, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14770419/s58728559/affe7c78-168d4964-090595c2-2a4476f9-f47a3450.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b1db932-5cbfbfa4-343d17f3-3f652973-9704e2b2", "study_id": 58949603, "subject_id": 10877812, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. The mediastinum is unremarkable, confirmed by a\n subsequent CTA chest examination. The heart size is top-normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10877812/s58949603/0b1db932-5cbfbfa4-343d17f3-3f652973-9704e2b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fc77b20-693247f0-00544cd5-00e94a00-61414103", "study_id": 57722303, "subject_id": 17795062, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, inspiratory effort is improved. The lungs are clear\n without consolidation or frank pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable noting moderate cardiomegaly. Median sternotomy wires\n are intact. Pleural-based density at the right lung base may be due to\n prominent pleural fat.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17795062/s57722303/1fc77b20-693247f0-00544cd5-00e94a00-61414103.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1c18204-c78b0739-61685049-af3bf042-2e75c33c", "study_id": 54928705, "subject_id": 18505588, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated, but clear. There is prominent of the hilar\n vasculature. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is top\n normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18505588/s54928705/d1c18204-c78b0739-61685049-af3bf042-2e75c33c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26027d74-04e7658e-13bc2397-411b185b-2ed00d6a", "study_id": 53184229, "subject_id": 14566443, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is cardiomegaly which is unchanged. Median sternotomy wires are\n present. There has been improvement of the bilateral pleural effusions since\n the previous study. They remain small in size. There are no signs for overt\n pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces. There is an unchanged left retrocardiac\n opacity.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14566443/s53184229/26027d74-04e7658e-13bc2397-411b185b-2ed00d6a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "096a4a1d-50c03747-88bb1e79-c919a699-07a415d6", "study_id": 50173051, "subject_id": 11120087, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia identified. \n \n 2. Calcified nodule overlying the mid right lung likely a granuloma. \n Additional left apical nodular opacity, potentially a bone island but apical\n lordodic images suggested to confirm.\n \n Updated recommendations were submitted to the ___ nurse by Dr. ___ at\n 4:___p on the day of the exam. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs demonstrate no focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Note is made of a well-circumscribed\n calcified nodule overlying the mid right lung measuring 0.9 cm. Additional\n nodule overlying the left anterior 2nd rib. Note is also made of a nodular\n opacity anterior to the lower thoracic spine, though to osteophyte.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11120087/s50173051/096a4a1d-50c03747-88bb1e79-c919a699-07a415d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef37629a-4c542649-a9f71a76-037e2724-b576192d", "study_id": 57025667, "subject_id": 12724735, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. Mild cardiomegaly and perihilar vascular congestion,\n slightly progressed since ___ exam. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes. Heart is\n mildly enlarged. There is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Perihilar\n vascular congestion is noted. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12724735/s57025667/ef37629a-4c542649-a9f71a76-037e2724-b576192d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "092d6f3d-a9253855-4b829fa4-07f8957a-5074be1c", "study_id": 50668149, "subject_id": 19759787, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted at the aortic arch. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19759787/s50668149/092d6f3d-a9253855-4b829fa4-07f8957a-5074be1c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18d930f7-a2b13eee-58de7bcf-381345a6-3786b7f6", "study_id": 50435462, "subject_id": 15608765, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15608765/s50435462/18d930f7-a2b13eee-58de7bcf-381345a6-3786b7f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24b5b968-e5a85ac7-be44cd17-20026563-2f602ef2", "study_id": 56015956, "subject_id": 14560728, "report": "In comparison with study of earlier in this date, there is poor\n definition of the left hemidiaphragm raising the possibility of worsening\n volume loss in the left lower lobe and increasing effusion. Some of this may\n reflect the lower lung volumes. There is also increasing fullness of\n pulmonary vessels, raising the possibility of worsening congestion.\n \n The central catheter again extends to left brachiocephalic vein. The tip of\n the Dobbhoff tube is not definitely seen on the current study.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14560728/s56015956/24b5b968-e5a85ac7-be44cd17-20026563-2f602ef2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89466985-fa12c5d6-b37023d6-4213eb81-e34a8698", "study_id": 57585696, "subject_id": 16177747, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs remain clear. Degree of cardiomegaly is unchanged. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16177747/s57585696/89466985-fa12c5d6-b37023d6-4213eb81-e34a8698.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3ed2072-9114af74-dbee483a-f0e32a04-45491cfd", "study_id": 52242581, "subject_id": 16216201, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable supine view of the chest. Left chest wall AICD is noted with\n leads extending to the region the right atrium and right ventricle. There is\n no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16216201/s52242581/b3ed2072-9114af74-dbee483a-f0e32a04-45491cfd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03a66296-71ea7c05-892a98e0-83c1d28f-2766cb4b", "study_id": 50065751, "subject_id": 14618856, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette stable since at\n least ___ ; patient has known fusiform descending thoracic aortic\n aneurysm, better assessed on CT.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Findings: Enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly stable since at\n least ___, given differences in patient inspiration and\n position/technique. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14618856/s50065751/03a66296-71ea7c05-892a98e0-83c1d28f-2766cb4b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "635e2b74-24c540a9-dfe5c186-f2916043-881e407a", "study_id": 50606479, "subject_id": 15857877, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is mild to moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated\n but clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n detected. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15857877/s50606479/635e2b74-24c540a9-dfe5c186-f2916043-881e407a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86069570-5e4ac364-33324d58-80f602c8-fcfd629e", "study_id": 59596185, "subject_id": 12783356, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified. Right cervical rib is incidentally noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12783356/s59596185/86069570-5e4ac364-33324d58-80f602c8-fcfd629e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a287069f-37cde215-070dc552-5f45ffcd-98736b8a", "study_id": 53422918, "subject_id": 14306557, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Known post-surgical findings at the right lung base. The patient has\n additionally received a right internal jugular vein catheter. The left\n subclavian catheter is constant. Normal appearance of the lung parenchyma. \n No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. Normal\n hilar and mediastinal structures.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14306557/s53422918/a287069f-37cde215-070dc552-5f45ffcd-98736b8a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b35f9597-65450cba-69c9ec99-46c1b0e5-f617bec4", "study_id": 54016486, "subject_id": 18003191, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation. Slightly prominent aortic knob may be due to tortuous\n aorta, however, chest CT would further assess for aortic dilatation. Findings: No definite focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. The aortic knob is\n slightly prominent.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18003191/s54016486/b35f9597-65450cba-69c9ec99-46c1b0e5-f617bec4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f49cd41f-7ba57a39-d3d20b14-85c4dbcd-a50c9c2f", "study_id": 53355377, "subject_id": 15826422, "report": "impression: NG tube in the stomach. Findings: A single frontal chest radiograph was obtained. Lungs are clear. \n No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax is present. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. The lung apices are excluded from the field\n of view. A nasogastric tube projects over the stomach. A left-sided\n nephroureteral stent is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15826422/s53355377/f49cd41f-7ba57a39-d3d20b14-85c4dbcd-a50c9c2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f1591cd-b2f5319f-8fa5925b-70dc359e-9a92ce28", "study_id": 58799612, "subject_id": 15345931, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Minor mid to lower lung atelectasis is seen. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattening\n of the diaphragms. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. \n No evidence of free air is seen beneath the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15345931/s58799612/6f1591cd-b2f5319f-8fa5925b-70dc359e-9a92ce28.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a8979c4-584234b2-e93475e3-b93c960f-a61c6e46", "study_id": 59235223, "subject_id": 13404233, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall\n change. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but there is no evidence of\n vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13404233/s59235223/6a8979c4-584234b2-e93475e3-b93c960f-a61c6e46.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81ebb1b5-b8b4513c-7592cb31-7fd888bf-9551ea00", "study_id": 56333255, "subject_id": 18265366, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. The lungs are clear\n without pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. The pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18265366/s56333255/81ebb1b5-b8b4513c-7592cb31-7fd888bf-9551ea00.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "509551ff-deec80a5-16615edb-f72cc60b-ec2965dc", "study_id": 50321214, "subject_id": 19606590, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are hyperinflated and\n appear clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n Partially visualized are degenerative changes at the right glenohumeral joint.\n Thoracic spine aligns normally with mild degenerative spurring. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19606590/s50321214/509551ff-deec80a5-16615edb-f72cc60b-ec2965dc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fda5fe3c-29fef7dd-ccfee303-8baa3e1e-62b4a694", "study_id": 59742227, "subject_id": 10925957, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence for pneumothorax.\n 2. Large, anterior, diaphragmatic hernia and remote (not acute), partial\n tear, right hemidiaphragm, as seen on outside hospital chest CT. Findings: Opacification of the right lower hemithorax is secondary to\n diaphragmatic hernia and remote (non-acute) diaphragmatic laceration\n transmitting the dome of the liver, as seen on concurrent CT, performed\n elsewhere. The aerated portions of lung demonstrate no focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. No pleural effusion is detected. Calcified tortuous aorta is\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10925957/s59742227/fda5fe3c-29fef7dd-ccfee303-8baa3e1e-62b4a694.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92bdd7eb-3bf0bc6d-c9bb909c-ec0e019c-40365b29", "study_id": 51657808, "subject_id": 16676544, "report": "impression: Interval removal of PICC line. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute\n findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Previously noted PICC line has\n been removed. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Lungs are clear. No\n effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16676544/s51657808/92bdd7eb-3bf0bc6d-c9bb909c-ec0e019c-40365b29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b1c7624-9824213b-009c4afc-af3eebf5-87c45147", "study_id": 53922295, "subject_id": 17379189, "report": "The nasogastric tube extends to the lower body of the stomach,\n though it may be slightly coil upon itself distally. There is continued\n diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications that may have worsened since the\n earlier study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17379189/s53922295/3b1c7624-9824213b-009c4afc-af3eebf5-87c45147.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5236932e-ff152a93-957004a6-8f4bbd42-6d0512b1", "study_id": 51413926, "subject_id": 16174661, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are clear.\n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n within normal limits. Mediastinal contour is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16174661/s51413926/5236932e-ff152a93-957004a6-8f4bbd42-6d0512b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06029af0-b5a33cfe-caea662b-0ce985cf-c0482844", "study_id": 50459815, "subject_id": 18052788, "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity, potentially atelectasis though infection is not\n excluded. Trace left pleural effusion. Unchanged elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm and large hiatal hernia. Findings: There is continued elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with associated left\n basilar opacity, potentially atelectasis though infection is not excluded. A\n trace left pleural effusion may be present. Heart size is difficult to assess\n given the left heart border is obscured, but likely is mildly enlarged. A\n large hiatal hernia is noted, not changed. Right lung is clear. There is no\n pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax or right-sided pleural effusion is\n demonstrated. Diffuse demineralization of the osseous structures is noted with\n marked degenerative changes in the thoracic spine as well as compression\n deformities of several thoracic vertebral bodies.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18052788/s50459815/06029af0-b5a33cfe-caea662b-0ce985cf-c0482844.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c398bfe2-0e88716c-80eb38d2-f2d7d16a-b16a3303", "study_id": 56182838, "subject_id": 17913240, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged small to moderate left pleural effusion.\n 2. Left retrocardiac opacification, most likely atelectasis. Findings: There is a small to moderate left pleural effusion, unchanged. Left\n retrocardiac opacification is likely due to atelectasis given the findings on\n the recent CT from ___. There is mild bandlike right lower lung\n atelectasis, new compared to the prior study. The heart size is normal. There\n is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17913240/s56182838/c398bfe2-0e88716c-80eb38d2-f2d7d16a-b16a3303.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9dbcfa4a-8440ccf6-6d698713-0336c668-c6ebfd81", "study_id": 51478334, "subject_id": 12907189, "report": "impression: Subtle increase in opacification over the lateral left lung base, likely\n secondary to overlapping structures, however mild consolidation secondary to\n effusion or aspiration/infection is not excluded. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. There is a tracheostomy tube in place approximately 4.5 cm from the\n carina. A VP shunt catheter is seen overlying the left chest, overall\n unchanged compared to the prior exam from ___. The lung volumes\n are low; however, there appears to be a subtle increase in opacification at\n the lateral left lung base. Note is made of streaky band-like atelectasis in\n the lower right lung. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12907189/s51478334/9dbcfa4a-8440ccf6-6d698713-0336c668-c6ebfd81.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a981bb6-318169c2-e600f98c-7e66b43d-4e00d7a2", "study_id": 59760062, "subject_id": 15811768, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or\n pleural effusion. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15811768/s59760062/7a981bb6-318169c2-e600f98c-7e66b43d-4e00d7a2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0dfb3e53-33badcb8-2820bf56-e757187e-dd4ba960", "study_id": 55278519, "subject_id": 17287323, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. COPD. Findings: Lungs are mildly hyperinflated. There is no focal consolidation concerning\n for pneumonia. Heart size is normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.Again noted is significant levoconvex scoliosis of the lower\n thoracic/ upper lumbar spine. Sternal wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17287323/s55278519/0dfb3e53-33badcb8-2820bf56-e757187e-dd4ba960.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15e6b10b-27507552-3227ec5f-09282b5e-04ed9fd3", "study_id": 51251011, "subject_id": 13579843, "report": "impression: Bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Linear opacities in the lung bases, more pronounced on the left,\n likely reflect areas of subsegmental atelectasis. No definite large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13579843/s51251011/15e6b10b-27507552-3227ec5f-09282b5e-04ed9fd3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "267473d9-847ea905-3d5db4a6-f4ad2d1f-f8a2485e", "study_id": 52911575, "subject_id": 19163027, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been removal of\n substantial fluid from the left pleural space and no evidence of pneumothorax.\n Low lung volumes are seen. Blunting of the costophrenic angles persists and\n there are mild atelectatic changes at the bases. The right subclavian\n catheter tip appears to extend to just above the level of the cavoatrial\n junction.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19163027/s52911575/267473d9-847ea905-3d5db4a6-f4ad2d1f-f8a2485e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62ee11ce-304fe2ad-ea3ad1d1-42d5805e-cb4ccf85", "study_id": 50551598, "subject_id": 14694039, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. No confluent\n opacity is identified. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14694039/s50551598/62ee11ce-304fe2ad-ea3ad1d1-42d5805e-cb4ccf85.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba8da3e9-25b20902-825ad95e-296d6050-2ec7c281", "study_id": 58119184, "subject_id": 14390259, "report": "impression: Right lower lung consolidation further resolved and mild\n asymmetric pulmonary edema has significantly improved over last 24 hours. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip is 7 cm above the carina and an orogastric tube ends\n into the stomach while tip of right internal jugular line is at mid SVC. \n Right lower lung consolidation concerning for hemorrhage and/or pneumonia has\n further resolved. Very mild and asymmetric pulmonary edema has significantly\n improved since yesterday. Heart size is normal, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Pleural effusion if any is small on the right side\n and stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14390259/s58119184/ba8da3e9-25b20902-825ad95e-296d6050-2ec7c281.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7597c267-dc1f0ec1-4fd0d887-ce88254d-a6a8b079", "study_id": 58405419, "subject_id": 15833413, "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe and\n lingula, as well as potentially more diffuse reticular opacities, concerning\n for infection. Followup chest radiograph 4 weeks after treatment, and if\n there is no resolution of these opacities then CT chest, is recommended. \n \n The findings were entered into the critical communication dashboard by Dr.\n ___ at 16:56 on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Just superior to the right minor fissure is a focal opacity,\n likely within the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. There is also a\n focal opacity overlying the left heart border, likely within the lingula. \n There may also be more diffuse reticular opacities throughout the lungs. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. A wedge compression deformity\n of the L1 vertebral body is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15833413/s58405419/7597c267-dc1f0ec1-4fd0d887-ce88254d-a6a8b079.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "432069bc-52805cd5-4dddff46-a88536eb-ccb7d88a", "study_id": 54402436, "subject_id": 12807272, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further decrease\n of the pre-existing opacity. Currently, neither on the frontal nor the\n lateral radiograph, is there any concern for an active inflammatory change. \n Known scarring after breast surgery. No pleural effusions. Mild\n cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12807272/s54402436/432069bc-52805cd5-4dddff46-a88536eb-ccb7d88a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcff90f9-01980003-99cc7b8f-953e1fb5-c38a9cf7", "study_id": 58940453, "subject_id": 18962557, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or heart failure. Findings: Post-sternotomy and valve replacement changes are present. The\n heart size is at the upper limits of normal limits similar to prior exam. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear\n of consolidation or pulmonary edema. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are present throughout the thoracic spine,\n primarily in the form of anterior osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18962557/s58940453/fcff90f9-01980003-99cc7b8f-953e1fb5-c38a9cf7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3805bbf-76dd03a7-ead0e8e6-00b25e94-073a9e4a", "study_id": 54355934, "subject_id": 11140716, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema, worse in the interval. Persistent small bilateral\n pleural effusions with right basilar pigtail catheter in unchanged position. \n Persistent bilateral airspace opacities are similar. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The heart size remains\n mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is\n mild pulmonary edema, slightly worse in the interval, though the lung volumes\n are lower compared to the previous exam. Persistent triangular area of\n opacification within the lateral aspect of the right mid lung field as well as\n bibasilar airspace opacities are demonstrated. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions are present, not changed from the previous exam. No pneumothorax is\n identified although assessment of the lung apices is obscured by the patient's\n chin and soft tissues of the neck projecting over this region. A pigtail\n catheter is demonstrated which terminates in the region of the right lung\n base, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11140716/s54355934/d3805bbf-76dd03a7-ead0e8e6-00b25e94-073a9e4a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c552596-5bbae620-6720a39c-2e02d959-4b5cc9e3", "study_id": 55395108, "subject_id": 17990811, "report": "impression: Large left pleural effusion, small right pleural effusion diffuse nodular\n opacities consistent with metastasis, with possible mild edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is a large left\n pleural effusion, increased in the interval. There is a small right pleural\n effusion as well. Diffuse micronodular opacities consistent with known\n metastatic disease. Difficult to exclude mild edema. No pneumothorax. Bony\n structures appear grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17990811/s55395108/9c552596-5bbae620-6720a39c-2e02d959-4b5cc9e3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b787fb0c-de432891-b5df84aa-b5275eb8-ef14662d", "study_id": 55486286, "subject_id": 18055066, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. If concern for rib fracture, consider\n dedicated rib series. Findings: Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam. The lungs however remain clear.\n There is no pneumothorax or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18055066/s55486286/b787fb0c-de432891-b5df84aa-b5275eb8-ef14662d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "961acc11-59126bcf-f0437301-a0505290-ac78bb83", "study_id": 51917341, "subject_id": 12612379, "report": "impression: Small-to-moderate right pleural effusion, increased since\n ___; otherwise, no significant change. Findings: There is a new small-to-moderate right pleural effusion. There is\n no focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis and scarring in\n the right middle lobe from prior RFA are unchanged. Coarse right breast\n calcifications are unchanged. Lungs remain hyperinflated. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. Osseous structures are unremarkable except for\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12612379/s51917341/961acc11-59126bcf-f0437301-a0505290-ac78bb83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f58768ea-a8382c73-77a4e0ec-6dba34c7-4fc4c515", "study_id": 55064715, "subject_id": 17519359, "report": "impression: Bilateral apical consolidations are not appreciably changed and\n there is no pneumothorax. Findings: Apical consolidations are re- demonstrated without appreciable\n change. Allowing for portable technique the cardiomediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17519359/s55064715/f58768ea-a8382c73-77a4e0ec-6dba34c7-4fc4c515.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d91c486-9521e772-5ea902b9-fcadadba-276bbfda", "study_id": 51933087, "subject_id": 14732063, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Prosthetic aortic valve\n is noted. Median sternotomy wires are seen with interval fracture of the\n superior most wire since ___. No acute osseous abnormalities. \n Partially visualized vascular stent projects over the neck on the right. \n Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant suggest prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14732063/s51933087/6d91c486-9521e772-5ea902b9-fcadadba-276bbfda.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb872017-b9d0ca4c-6968c5f1-ec02acc0-2ef05356", "study_id": 50380821, "subject_id": 14971343, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no evidence of pleural effusion, pulmonary\n edema, pneumothorax or focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable with a tortuous aorta that is unchanged\n in appearance since ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14971343/s50380821/eb872017-b9d0ca4c-6968c5f1-ec02acc0-2ef05356.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5718e32f-50e598c4-413a7e46-306f3aa2-addd4dd5", "study_id": 57826512, "subject_id": 13960137, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Heart size is top normal, stable. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13960137/s57826512/5718e32f-50e598c4-413a7e46-306f3aa2-addd4dd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5243136a-91843fb5-08028381-bf89ad9b-02a41aec", "study_id": 56290223, "subject_id": 16398746, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, pre-existing parenchymal\n opacities are slightly more extensive than on yesterday's image. No opacities\n have newly appeared. Moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload. \n Sternal wires in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16398746/s56290223/5243136a-91843fb5-08028381-bf89ad9b-02a41aec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3462d66-44edfe8d-878046e0-3a7bff57-a01edbdb", "study_id": 54340386, "subject_id": 11554923, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11554923/s54340386/a3462d66-44edfe8d-878046e0-3a7bff57-a01edbdb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "656c53c1-a3abc58c-c19992ee-0677d16a-4bb3f140", "study_id": 56145367, "subject_id": 18704939, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are clear. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No pneumomediastinum is\n identified. There are no displaced rib fractures is detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18704939/s56145367/656c53c1-a3abc58c-c19992ee-0677d16a-4bb3f140.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45a25d05-0b74a84c-adc5cd43-71388a97-4264771a", "study_id": 58675229, "subject_id": 17186187, "report": "Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Focal\n atelectasis is present in the right lower lobe with associated displacement of\n the major fissure, slightly improved since the prior chest radiograph. Left\n lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17186187/s58675229/45a25d05-0b74a84c-adc5cd43-71388a97-4264771a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98524e36-dcee9c11-ad52e71b-9bd1a01f-7459ba0d", "study_id": 56494073, "subject_id": 11816365, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with minimal left lower lobe atelectasis. No displaced\n fracture is visualized. Please note that if there is continued concern for a\n rib fracture, consider a dedicated rib series. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Minimal\n atelectasis is seen in the left lower lobe. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No displaced fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11816365/s56494073/98524e36-dcee9c11-ad52e71b-9bd1a01f-7459ba0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce47a002-8d68d230-22736891-813cf897-3d4c7d39", "study_id": 58461225, "subject_id": 13704650, "report": "impression: The left lower lobe pneumonia has resolved, and no acute cardiopulmonary\n process is identified radiographically. Findings: The left lower pneumonia has resolved, and now there is no focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema noted. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits, and there are no bony\n abnormalities noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13704650/s58461225/ce47a002-8d68d230-22736891-813cf897-3d4c7d39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2593465e-66525cf8-bc19232b-704d0d2c-ad25ca3c", "study_id": 57695142, "subject_id": 11018735, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube and\n nasogastric tubes have been removed. Again there is enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette with dilatation and possible aneurysmal appearance of the\n descending thoracic aorta. Bibasilar small effusions with compressive\n atelectasis. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11018735/s57695142/2593465e-66525cf8-bc19232b-704d0d2c-ad25ca3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa82c121-1a00cba3-72ac2a1a-dcbad488-7eb0915b", "study_id": 57809467, "subject_id": 15215669, "report": "impression: 1. Right internal jugular pacer projects over the right ventricle.\n \n 2. Small right pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: AP portable view of the chest. Right internal jugular pacer is\n placed ending projecting over the right ventricle. There is mild\n cardiomegaly. There is a small right pleural effusion layering posteriorly. \n There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15215669/s57809467/aa82c121-1a00cba3-72ac2a1a-dcbad488-7eb0915b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05c889c0-83e672d9-f0711c3e-e5d9b13d-cf82e523", "study_id": 54784910, "subject_id": 17296727, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear and there is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is no evidence of free air beneath the\n diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17296727/s54784910/05c889c0-83e672d9-f0711c3e-e5d9b13d-cf82e523.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c020e3ae-d992c314-519ea49e-fc9d4e7d-6e7e6d3c", "study_id": 53470694, "subject_id": 10781468, "report": "impression: 1. Findings concerning for mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 2. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: AP view is lordotic angulated. Lungs are clear. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild interstitial edema is suspected with minimal hilar\n engorgement. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. No convincing\n evidence for pneumonia. The heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour is\n normal. Aortic atherosclerosis noted. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10781468/s53470694/c020e3ae-d992c314-519ea49e-fc9d4e7d-6e7e6d3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24e9c365-8588e745-7895ec7b-e2936fa6-d349d2e5", "study_id": 58308112, "subject_id": 11434374, "report": "impression: 1. Large right basal pneumothorax.\n 2. Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: There is a new right basal large pneumothorax. Relaxation atelectasis of the\n right base is seen. There is no significant mediastinal shift. The lungs are\n hyperexpanded. Left lower lobe reticular opacities are concerning for\n pneumonia. The upper lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly normal. No pleural effusion is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11434374/s58308112/24e9c365-8588e745-7895ec7b-e2936fa6-d349d2e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d8a2c29-a3a91528-fb1a6b27-b5714834-75d0f31a", "study_id": 53644116, "subject_id": 13658097, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for technique. Osseous\n and soft tissue structures are unremarkable. Multiple stents identified in\n the upper abdomen in the midline.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13658097/s53644116/4d8a2c29-a3a91528-fb1a6b27-b5714834-75d0f31a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "579e34d5-fb8210e7-eeeeaa16-545c746d-5b8a0045", "study_id": 57612710, "subject_id": 14230035, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Neoplastic reduction in volume of the left hemithorax, with\n enlargement of the left hilus and left apical thickening as well as deviation\n of the esophagus to the left. The presence of a small pleural effusion cannot\n be excluded.\n \n On the right, there is unchanged evidence of increased interstitial markings\n that might represent chronic bronchitis or lymphangitic spread. The severity\n of the changes, however, is constant as compared to the previous examination.\n \n There are no newly appeared parenchymal opacities. The overall size of the\n cardiac silhouette is constant.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14230035/s57612710/579e34d5-fb8210e7-eeeeaa16-545c746d-5b8a0045.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11bd2b28-d999d908-5d8d035c-ec2c4c94-aea17d42", "study_id": 57666072, "subject_id": 19275331, "report": "impression: No definite acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. \n The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19275331/s57666072/11bd2b28-d999d908-5d8d035c-ec2c4c94-aea17d42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa1ae1ff-7ec9fffd-c6475284-8472ea38-b6bc539e", "study_id": 59902164, "subject_id": 14064974, "report": "impression: Left upper lung mass again noted.\n \n Residual vascular plethora, consistent with mild residual CHF. However, the\n appearance is improved compared with ___. Findings: Again seen is cardiomegaly, a large rounded opacity in the suprahilar portion\n of left lung and some patchy opacity in the right cardiophrenic region. \n Minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle is similar to prior. Some of\n the patchy opacity at the left base and left costophrenic region has improved.\n Vascular plethora and an increased interstitial markings are seen, consistent\n with CHF, but the CHF demonstrates interval improvement. Suspect background\n hyperinflation of the lungs, consistent with COPD.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14064974/s59902164/fa1ae1ff-7ec9fffd-c6475284-8472ea38-b6bc539e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c978085-65fbe98a-191a5895-63437a62-4a9fdd39", "study_id": 59232446, "subject_id": 16449411, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No acute fracture visualized. If concern\n for rib fracture persists, dedicated rib radiographs can be obtained. Findings: Lungs are well expanded clear. The previously seen multiple small pulmonary\n nodules are better visualized on recent chest CT. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. No acute fracture visualized.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16449411/s59232446/3c978085-65fbe98a-191a5895-63437a62-4a9fdd39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88724567-35c87f31-150aec0b-fb5b1d51-648ed935", "study_id": 59205983, "subject_id": 15878882, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Lateral view is limited secondary to\n patient's arms being down by her side. The lungs appear clear of\n consolidation, large effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. The aorta however is tortuous with dense\n atherosclerotic calcifications noted particularly at the arch. Surgical clips\n project over the right axilla and right upper quadrant. No displaced fracture\n is identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15878882/s59205983/88724567-35c87f31-150aec0b-fb5b1d51-648ed935.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f90d0eab-9ad4f3c1-8eb46eda-5bcd5562-7c49ad15", "study_id": 53942022, "subject_id": 10296357, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Findings: The heart size is top normal with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta exaggerated\n by stable S-shaped scoliosis of the thoracic spine. Mediastinal silhouette\n and hilar contours are unremarkable and unchanged. Lungs are clear. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no evidence of\n pneumoperitoneum. The osseous structures are globally demineralized with\n moderate S-shaped scoliosis of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10296357/s53942022/f90d0eab-9ad4f3c1-8eb46eda-5bcd5562-7c49ad15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1029f74-7e55aaf3-d9d5e0d6-ed1f3d12-efcd4535", "study_id": 56369854, "subject_id": 14123600, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14123600/s56369854/d1029f74-7e55aaf3-d9d5e0d6-ed1f3d12-efcd4535.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68fea0d7-cc8502ef-90c65367-ee871211-f5ec499f", "study_id": 56409017, "subject_id": 13695615, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly status post CABG, without acute chest\n abnormality. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear,\n well-expanded lungs without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are\n surgical changes of median sternotomy and CABG. The cardiac silhouette is top\n normal in size, the mediastinal contours are normal. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13695615/s56409017/68fea0d7-cc8502ef-90c65367-ee871211-f5ec499f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "980b5723-d5f3183f-75ae2fa0-07b51307-2b189880", "study_id": 55191302, "subject_id": 12295319, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No free intraperitoneal air. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There is no evidence of free intraperitoneal air.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12295319/s55191302/980b5723-d5f3183f-75ae2fa0-07b51307-2b189880.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1858d0cd-241e8586-a7c9900b-35cad736-6a66bde9", "study_id": 58024538, "subject_id": 19267706, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is detected. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19267706/s58024538/1858d0cd-241e8586-a7c9900b-35cad736-6a66bde9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7131e2c4-e665f21f-49352bc2-2f572145-b7a56ac9", "study_id": 54138776, "subject_id": 14728956, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14728956/s54138776/7131e2c4-e665f21f-49352bc2-2f572145-b7a56ac9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2d19f42-ea4a3b42-fe92227f-89f50d5b-a8a624f8", "study_id": 53505948, "subject_id": 13984339, "report": "impression: Near-complete resolution of previously seen effusions without\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. \n Previously seen effusions have essentially resolved with perhaps minimal\n residual effusion on the left. Streaky retrocardiac opacity most suggestive\n of atelectasis. The lungs are clear of consolidation. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified. Coronary artery stents are identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13984339/s53505948/a2d19f42-ea4a3b42-fe92227f-89f50d5b-a8a624f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cdfba5de-d3e88dbf-1c3b14ce-e11b3626-015e8a16", "study_id": 53355876, "subject_id": 17682853, "report": "impression: Improvement in opacities in the right middle lobe and lingula,\n corresponding to known areas of bronchiectasis. Complete resolution of right\n upper lobe opacity. Findings: Opacities in the right middle lobe and lingula, corresponding with\n areas of known bronchiectasis have improved. Additionally, the opacity in the\n right upper lobe has resolved. The heart is top normal. The mediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17682853/s53355876/cdfba5de-d3e88dbf-1c3b14ce-e11b3626-015e8a16.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9cfcff2-1065186f-604fce6c-fa54b6e3-fc1e28ba", "study_id": 56941686, "subject_id": 14670076, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the pacer leads. The ventricular pacer has a somewhat more\n elevated position than frequently seen. A lateral view would be most helpful\n to determine whether it definitely is within the right ventricle.\n \n No evidence of acute pneumonia. Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette\n persists.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14670076/s56941686/f9cfcff2-1065186f-604fce6c-fa54b6e3-fc1e28ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed72025e-af03cca3-47f5fd1d-6fab3730-357b260c", "study_id": 56236063, "subject_id": 16234474, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube terminates 2.5 cm above the level of the carina.\n \n Enteric tube courses below the diaphragm, out of the field of view.\n \n Low lung volumes. Bilateral perihilar opacities suggest mild pulmonary edema.\n Left base opacity may be due to combination of pleural effusion and\n atelectasis, underlying aspiration not excluded. Findings: Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 2.5 cm above the level of the\n carina. Enteric tube courses below the diaphragm, out of the field of view. \n There are low lung volumes. Bilateral perihilar opacities suggest mild\n pulmonary edema. Left base opacity may be due to pleural effusion and\n atelectasis, underlying aspiration not excluded. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16234474/s56236063/ed72025e-af03cca3-47f5fd1d-6fab3730-357b260c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbc77ac7-91ff76c9-7a67a3e7-15de16fe-54d48dbb", "study_id": 56740609, "subject_id": 15488435, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate right and small left pleural effusions, both increased in size\n from ___.\n 2. Right lower lobe opacity may be compressive atelectasis from the adjacent\n effusion, though pneumonia is difficult to exclude.\n 3. Vascular congestion, without frank pulmonary edema.\n 4. Unchanged right upper lobe pulmonary nodule, better characterized on the\n prior CT. Findings: The lung volumes are low. A focal opacity in the right lower lung\n zone may represent atelectasis, though pneumonia cannot be excluded. There is\n mild vascular congestion, though no frank pulmonary edema. A nodule in the\n right upper lung zone appears grossly similar to the prior radiograph, and is\n better characterized on the CT. There is a moderate-sized right pleural\n effusion and a small left pleural effusion. Both have increased from the\n prior exam. There is no pneumothorax. The aorta is tortuous. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise normal. Degenerative changes are\n noted in the spine with mild loss of height in multiple vertebral bodies,\n similar to the prior exams. The known severe compression fracture in L1 is\n not well visualized due to the overlying soft tissues.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15488435/s56740609/fbc77ac7-91ff76c9-7a67a3e7-15de16fe-54d48dbb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a26b3b3-cb807f04-d5873fe9-223ce7a9-67690f9c", "study_id": 50785393, "subject_id": 17370015, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is minimal left mid lung\n platelike atelectasis. Otherwise the lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of edema or pneumonia.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17370015/s50785393/6a26b3b3-cb807f04-d5873fe9-223ce7a9-67690f9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9b11ad9-1dcb6e10-4d2d7b8d-28a930f1-10f1b674", "study_id": 52599043, "subject_id": 19023092, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Fracture of the ___\n most superior mediastinal wire is re- demonstrated. The heart size is mildly\n enlarged but unchanged. The aorta remains mildly tortuous and diffusely\n calcified. The pulmonary vascularity is mildly prominent but no overt\n pulmonary edema is noted. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted, with\n adjacent bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumothorax is seen. Diffuse\n demineralization of the osseous structures is noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19023092/s52599043/a9b11ad9-1dcb6e10-4d2d7b8d-28a930f1-10f1b674.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "610e0bf5-959b1e8d-0fd56669-9eed7191-d4e4ece3", "study_id": 50443169, "subject_id": 16962956, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. There are mild degenerative changes\n noted in the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16962956/s50443169/610e0bf5-959b1e8d-0fd56669-9eed7191-d4e4ece3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "973b9a4b-42da407d-0cab2cb0-17aa0fbb-51751616", "study_id": 55058691, "subject_id": 15973347, "report": "impression: Streaky left base opacity could be due to atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: Azygos lobe is incidentally noted. Subtle left lower lobe opacity seen on the\n frontal view, not well seen on the lateral view, could be due to atelectasis\n or pneumonia. No focal consolidation is seen on the right. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen. Cervical surgical hardware is\n incidentally noted but not well assessed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15973347/s55058691/973b9a4b-42da407d-0cab2cb0-17aa0fbb-51751616.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e22d3265-f30fc5a6-44855cb1-29d161f3-40773c1e", "study_id": 57048780, "subject_id": 15095131, "report": "impression: Small likelihood of early pneumonia left midlung and possible right lung\n nodule should be evaluated with shallow oblique views implying nipple markers. Findings: An irregularly shaped ___ mm wide opacity projecting over the intersection of\n the anterior right sixth and posterior ninth ribs is presumably the right\n nipple or real a, but should be confirmed by shallow oblique views with nipple\n markers.\n \n A vague region of new opacification in the left midlung the medial to the\n anterior end of the fifth rib could be due to a superimposition of structures,\n specifically soft tissue in the chest wall, but might instead be an early\n pneumonia. The oblique views would re-examined this finding as well.\n \n Lungs are otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are smooth. Heart size is normal.\n Fullness in the right paratracheal region of the mediastinum has been a\n chronic feature since at least ___, therefore not clinically significant\n adenopathy.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15095131/s57048780/e22d3265-f30fc5a6-44855cb1-29d161f3-40773c1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26161469-4467c499-03b3fe99-e22cb690-94af049d", "study_id": 51668048, "subject_id": 16971742, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16971742/s51668048/26161469-4467c499-03b3fe99-e22cb690-94af049d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bfb4126c-462b3ae2-ce52ca23-7030b316-bf51aab7", "study_id": 56967399, "subject_id": 19929117, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. No acute displaced rib fractures. If there is ongoing concern for rib\n fracture, recommend dedicated rib series radiographs with a marker placed over\n the region of pain. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. \n No acute displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19929117/s56967399/bfb4126c-462b3ae2-ce52ca23-7030b316-bf51aab7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b4c7ea7-5ae477c7-5282cc0e-eb47df05-45a16bd1", "study_id": 52991188, "subject_id": 19634294, "report": "impression: Diffuse interstitial prominence which may reflect mild\n interstitial pulmonary edema or atypical pneumonia.\n \n Hilar enlargement though relatively stable Findings: There is diffuse increased interstitial\n markings compared to multiple prior examinations. No pleural effusions are\n evident. This could reflect developing new mild interstitial edema or\n atypical pneumonia. Calcification and tortuosity of the descending thoracic\n aorta appear unchanged. Confluent consolidation is evident. There are no\n pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable noting\n enlarged hila.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19634294/s52991188/1b4c7ea7-5ae477c7-5282cc0e-eb47df05-45a16bd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "300f48ed-39e1bc90-ee2ec48d-800559b6-8df0406e", "study_id": 51727163, "subject_id": 19019488, "report": "impression: 1. Fluid level in the dilated esophagus, concerning for distal stricture or\n dysmotility. Consider esophagram or chest CT to further assess. \n 2. Bibasilar pulmonary opacities concerning for aspiration. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart is\n mildly enlarged, exaggerated by low lung volumes. A fluid level is seen\n within the dilated appearing distal esophagus, which may be due to distal\n stricture or dysmotility. There is increased opacity at the bilateral lung\n bases. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. There is a compression\n deformity of mid thoracic vertebral body, of unknown chronicity. No\n radiopaque foreign bodies are seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19019488/s51727163/300f48ed-39e1bc90-ee2ec48d-800559b6-8df0406e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39b2666a-81efcc9a-1711c937-b57a817c-f9b4f1f9", "study_id": 52327272, "subject_id": 11929103, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n Right PICC tip projecting over the upper SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip projects over the upper SVC. Nodular opacity projecting over\n the left lung base is felt to represent nipple shadow. Vague opacity\n projecting in the left mid lung overlying the anterior left fourth rib\n corresponds to subpleural radiation changes on prior CT. The lungs are\n otherwise clear without consolidation, effusion, or edema. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Surgical clips project over the left\n breast. Oblong calcific densities are also seen in that region, unchanged and\n are within the breast tissues on prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11929103/s52327272/39b2666a-81efcc9a-1711c937-b57a817c-f9b4f1f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46e5f6b5-50feb3cf-0346bd5d-1e539bbc-71db3bf7", "study_id": 50761705, "subject_id": 16204401, "report": "impression: Left basilar airspace disease may be due to pneumonia, but malignancy is\n difficult to exclude. PA and lateral radiograph may be obtained to assess how\n much of the left basilar abnormality is due to increasing pleural fluid vs\n parenchymal disease. Findings: The post pneumonectomy appearance of the right hemithorax is unchanged.\n Airspace opacities at the left base may be due to infection, but it is\n difficult to discern how much of the left basilar opacification is actually\n due to layering pleural effusion. There is no left pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette cannot be accurately assessed.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16204401/s50761705/46e5f6b5-50feb3cf-0346bd5d-1e539bbc-71db3bf7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28bab4ca-63785b5c-2baccc1c-9c4fdb03-3e2223d4", "study_id": 52084109, "subject_id": 13956943, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Right chest wall dual lead pacing device is again noted with tips in\n the right atrium and right ventricular apex. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13956943/s52084109/28bab4ca-63785b5c-2baccc1c-9c4fdb03-3e2223d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8ad87c6-514d265e-e1cdda33-9d425226-baf6d31a", "study_id": 52383429, "subject_id": 17180283, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear with normal lung volumes. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. No pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17180283/s52383429/d8ad87c6-514d265e-e1cdda33-9d425226-baf6d31a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6981118-d5c3397e-48e505b3-6c04dd52-440e067c", "study_id": 59737255, "subject_id": 16060683, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the bilateral pulmonary\n opacifications have substantially cleared with some residual atelectatic\n changes, especially at the left base. Hyperexpansion of the lungs is\n consistent with chronic pulmonary disease. No definite acute focal pneumonia\n or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16060683/s59737255/a6981118-d5c3397e-48e505b3-6c04dd52-440e067c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88dc4650-346cb225-c2f4dbc1-cae8509d-4a4e38ab", "study_id": 53957050, "subject_id": 18010079, "report": "The patient was examined in sitting upright position. Analysis is\n performed in direct comparison with the next preceding similar chest\n examination of ___. Previously suspected tiny residual of\n pneumothorax in the left apical area cannot be identified anymore. Also, the\n at that time existing pleural thickenings occurred in conjunction with the\n multiple rib injury has regressed. Left lung is now well aerated and no\n evidence of remaining pulmonary atelectasis. Heart size is unchanged and\n within normal limits. No new pulmonary abnormalities identified. No gross\n malalignment of the lateral structures in the thorax. Observed that the\n patient is still unable to elevate his left arm for the lateral view. With\n regard to the question concerning rib fractures, the previous torso CT\n examination of ___ is reviewed. Rib injuries consisted of\n minimally displaced right transverse process fractures involving L2 through\n L4. In addition to bilateral first rib fractures, there were injuries in the\n medial posterior portions of the left second, third, and fourth rib. Mildly\n comminuted fractures existed also posteriorly in the eighth and ninth rib,\n with slight displacement. There was also a fracture of the scapula. All\n these injuries are impossible to identify in detail on the routine PA and\n lateral chest examination. Assessment for possible changes of these injuries\n would require performance of a followup CT examination. Gross changes in\n position cannot be identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18010079/s53957050/88dc4650-346cb225-c2f4dbc1-cae8509d-4a4e38ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bde6cd23-e25a9bc3-cb36e48c-264dd979-4e3d7740", "study_id": 52047005, "subject_id": 10906758, "report": "impression: New left lower lobe collapse.\n \n Results were conveyed via telephone to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___\n on ___ at 2:10 p.m. within 10 minutes of observation of\n findings. Findings: New homogeneous triangular retrocardiac opacity without air\n bronchograms. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. Heart\n size is mildly enlarged with normal mediastinal contour and hila. No bony\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10906758/s52047005/bde6cd23-e25a9bc3-cb36e48c-264dd979-4e3d7740.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93ef0440-25c42eac-a175c585-0fdddf10-2628895a", "study_id": 54712523, "subject_id": 14309697, "report": "impression: Suboptimal lateral view due the patient's overlying arm. Subtle patchy left\n base opacity could be due to atelectasis and possible small pleural effusion\n although underlying consolidation is not excluded. Findings: Suboptimal lateral view due to the patient's overlying arm.Skin folds overlie\n the chest bilaterally without definite pneumothorax. Patchy left base opacity\n is seen which could be due to atelectasis and small pleural effusion although\n an underlying consolidation is not excluded. The right lung is grossly clear.\n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No overt pulmonary edema is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14309697/s54712523/93ef0440-25c42eac-a175c585-0fdddf10-2628895a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "336705eb-3eabae3e-0076dc63-6f11d560-a7b57818", "study_id": 58392049, "subject_id": 12838481, "report": "impression: No evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. No radiopaque foreign body. Findings: The heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No\n radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12838481/s58392049/336705eb-3eabae3e-0076dc63-6f11d560-a7b57818.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7848628f-00472f95-77926274-ac4d5755-cf6ded2a", "study_id": 51037789, "subject_id": 10312715, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lungs are clear. No\n focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10312715/s51037789/7848628f-00472f95-77926274-ac4d5755-cf6ded2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c46c0e5-04badced-2013877c-40adde57-e770b686", "study_id": 52748089, "subject_id": 15080263, "report": "impression: Stable normal chest findings. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of ___. The heart size is normal. No configurational abnormality is\n present. Thoracic aorta and mediastinal structures are unremarkable. The\n pulmonary vasculature is not congested. No signs of acute or chronic\n parenchymal infiltrates are present and the lateral and posterior pleural\n sinuses are free. No pneumothorax in apical area. Skeletal structures of the\n thorax grossly within normal limits. As shown on previous examination\n surgical clips are seen in the right upper abdominal quadrant consistent with\n previous cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15080263/s52748089/4c46c0e5-04badced-2013877c-40adde57-e770b686.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dffb9f30-35892b3c-c49ad7ce-3a5c2c1c-1a2eb855", "study_id": 54420064, "subject_id": 18076600, "report": "impression: No definite focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Please note that CT is\n more sensitive in detecting small pulmonary lesions. Findings: No new focal consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18076600/s54420064/dffb9f30-35892b3c-c49ad7ce-3a5c2c1c-1a2eb855.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0ad933b-0ff0fa4f-bd6b669d-a0931003-7ea00aab", "study_id": 53253561, "subject_id": 15713148, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lung volumes\n are low, exaggerating heart size and bronchovascular markings. Cardiomegaly\n is moderate and the left atrium is enlarged, similar to prior. Increased\n interstitial markings are compatible with mild pulmonary edema. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is slight leftward deviation of the trachea,\n compatible with thyroid gland enlargement. The osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15713148/s53253561/d0ad933b-0ff0fa4f-bd6b669d-a0931003-7ea00aab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86f4f2ae-5f0bd45d-48a3affe-a3e4ce16-753fa3ac", "study_id": 57635691, "subject_id": 12961917, "report": "impression: Stable large right subpulmonic effusion with possible elevated\n right hemidiaphragm.\n \n Results were conveyed via telephone on ___ by Dr. ___\n to Dr. ___ at 9:40 a.m. within 15 minutes of results. Findings: Stable large right subpulmonic effusion with possible elevated\n hemidiaphragm. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. No\n left pleural effusion. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are normal. \n No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12961917/s57635691/86f4f2ae-5f0bd45d-48a3affe-a3e4ce16-753fa3ac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e6d7f7b-a6bebbaa-e8a816d1-b0f4a533-449107e8", "study_id": 54589046, "subject_id": 13822447, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Hilar congestion and mild\n pulmonary edema is noted. No large effusion is seen. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears unchanged. No pneumothorax. Bony structures intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13822447/s54589046/1e6d7f7b-a6bebbaa-e8a816d1-b0f4a533-449107e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9ad35f5-2ebe076f-351fe133-18dcf8da-42d392e5", "study_id": 50338527, "subject_id": 16392389, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural effusions. More focal\n opacities in the right upper and lower lung fields raise concern for\n superimposed infection. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged. The aorta is diffusely\n calcified with unchanged tortuosity. Mediastinal contours appear similar. \n Perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness is compatible with mild\n pulmonary edema. More focal opacities within the right upper and lower lung\n fields raise concern for superimposed infection. Trace bilateral pleural\n effusions are noted. No pneumothorax is identified. Posterior fusion\n hardware within the thoracolumbar spine is incompletely imaged. Compression\n deformity of the thoracic vertebral body superior to the fusion hardware\n appears chronic.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16392389/s50338527/c9ad35f5-2ebe076f-351fe133-18dcf8da-42d392e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c7f9fcd-94b83874-0c9514d7-447a9f71-06fdbbd7", "study_id": 59656277, "subject_id": 14489052, "report": "In comparison with study of earlier in this date, there has been\n increased collapse with probable increased effusion and recurrent pneumothorax\n in the right apex. Left lung remains clear.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14489052/s59656277/3c7f9fcd-94b83874-0c9514d7-447a9f71-06fdbbd7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14a69c67-fd716bd6-c911f609-a28d7ec0-ecc9bf39", "study_id": 54506720, "subject_id": 17353548, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17353548/s54506720/14a69c67-fd716bd6-c911f609-a28d7ec0-ecc9bf39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c407befa-7d42e347-4fe05773-1b5aac49-4e59f7ce", "study_id": 54142939, "subject_id": 14789229, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. There\n is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14789229/s54142939/c407befa-7d42e347-4fe05773-1b5aac49-4e59f7ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3552c2d-c9c0148f-3ce6e5a0-04daff06-54442d86", "study_id": 51923280, "subject_id": 19670384, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal and normal. The lungs are fully\n expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No large\n intraperitoneal free air is seen. Partially imaged bilateral shoulder\n prostheses are noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19670384/s51923280/e3552c2d-c9c0148f-3ce6e5a0-04daff06-54442d86.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dab887d0-60992750-23c79cc2-737c5f32-28afd7fc", "study_id": 50736031, "subject_id": 16542986, "report": "impression: Stable moderate to severe cardiomegaly. Findings: Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable. Mediastinal or hilar contours are\n normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No evidence\n of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16542986/s50736031/dab887d0-60992750-23c79cc2-737c5f32-28afd7fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "86798ff0-42da01b9-e70afcb4-c9391486-665a5025", "study_id": 59909601, "subject_id": 15006091, "report": "impression: Subtle left upper lobe opacity of uncertain significance. This could\n represent a small focus of sub-segmental bronchiectasis. If symptoms persist,\n repeat chest radiographs may be performed with PA, lateral, and bilateral\n shallow oblique projections.\n \n Findings were sent to the ED QA nurses via email at ___ ___ after\n discovery at ___ Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well expanded. \n There are subtle opacities in the left upper lobe, projecting over the\n anterior 3rd rib on the PA view, that radiate out from the left hilus. There\n is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15006091/s59909601/86798ff0-42da01b9-e70afcb4-c9391486-665a5025.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2076cb2e-89303b84-0ef04ebd-ef6343d6-fdf18e29", "study_id": 52880060, "subject_id": 19462440, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: As compared to the prior study dated ___, there has been minimal\n interval change. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax, or frank pulmonary edema. Minimal retrocardiac\n atelectasis is noted. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Calcifications are seen at the aortic arch. Dextroscoliosis is noted,\n centered at the mid thoracic spine. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19462440/s52880060/2076cb2e-89303b84-0ef04ebd-ef6343d6-fdf18e29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "51f96f2a-40a35f1e-83547b4a-736a7006-d4da1b6b", "study_id": 52071467, "subject_id": 19506293, "report": "impression: Interval removal of chest tubes. No pneumothorax detected. Equivocal focal\n small focus of subcutaneous emphysema in the left supraclavicular region.\n \n Bibasilar atelectasis and minimal blunting of left costophrenic angle, similar\n to prior. Findings: Compared with ___, the chest tubes have been removed. No\n pneumothorax is detected. Possible small focus of subcutaneous emphysema \n adjacent to the left mid clavicle -- has there been recent intervention in\n this location.\n \n Again seen is a right IJ central line, tip overlying the mid/distal SVC.\n \n Also again seen is cardiomegaly with sternotomy wires, similar to prior. No\n overt CHF.\n \n Bibasilar atelectasis again noted. Degree of retrocardiac opacity could be\n very slightly increased. Minimal blunting of left costophrenic angle is again\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19506293/s52071467/51f96f2a-40a35f1e-83547b4a-736a7006-d4da1b6b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8fe98954-c26f6ebe-c286bbf9-ced75edc-c8b250d3", "study_id": 50972338, "subject_id": 18916987, "report": "impression: Increasing opacities in the right perihilar and basilar lung concerning for\n pneumonia. Findings: Compared to the prior study from ___, there is new platelike atelectasis\n in the right mid lung field as well as new right perihilar and basilar\n opacities which are asymmetric and\n \n increased. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and the heart size\n is stable. Increased caliber of pulmonary arteries implies volume overload.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18916987/s50972338/8fe98954-c26f6ebe-c286bbf9-ced75edc-c8b250d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37e76c5d-fdbe56f5-d8a0018b-ff2b5574-7e5776fe", "study_id": 52116507, "subject_id": 13274781, "report": "impression: 1. Heart size at upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged.\n 2. Minimal basilar atelectasis.\n 3. Possible minimal upper zone redistribution, but no overt CHF, frank\n consolidation, or effusion detected.\n 4. If clinically indicated, PA and lateral radiographs could help to further\n assess the left base atelectasis and mediastinal contours. Findings: Lordotic positioning.\n \n Heart size is at the upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged. \n Nonvisualization of the cardiac apex most likely reflects the presence of a\n cardiac fat pad. Aorta is minimally unfolded. Right paratracheal soft tissue\n density is noted, but likely reflects vascular structures. There is equivocal\n minimal upper zone redistribution, without other evidence of CHF. There mild\n retrocardiac atelectasis. No focal consolidation or effusion is identified. \n No pneumothorax detected.\n \n Small focus of hydroxyapatite it is seen adjacent to the left shoulder,\n consistent with calcific tendinitis, of indeterminate acuity.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13274781/s52116507/37e76c5d-fdbe56f5-d8a0018b-ff2b5574-7e5776fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd91c9cc-f9a86740-f05869d8-58cf7e8f-1cf9602b", "study_id": 59426683, "subject_id": 16831009, "report": "Interval placement of endotracheal tube, with tip terminating about\n 7 cm above the carina. This could be advanced a few centimeters for standard\n positioning. Widespread bilateral airspace opacities have progressed and are\n most confluent in the perihilar regions. The rapid progression and\n distribution favor pulmonary edema, especially in a patient with renal\n failure. Differential diagnosis includes pulmonary hemorrhage, severe\n infection and ARDS. Cardiac silhouette is partially obscured by the alveolar\n opacities but is not appreciably changed allowing for this factor. \n Small-to-moderate pleural effusions have increased.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16831009/s59426683/cd91c9cc-f9a86740-f05869d8-58cf7e8f-1cf9602b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad3285ae-210e966a-312899de-fa115e0d-bcd60c25", "study_id": 59794501, "subject_id": 13293922, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is detected on these views. Heart size is\n normal. The aorta is tortuous. Enlargement of the right lobe of the thyroid\n is likely present, better seen on concomitant CT.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13293922/s59794501/ad3285ae-210e966a-312899de-fa115e0d-bcd60c25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15117b68-b37d208a-c0f988a8-8e3fb5eb-ec749c1a", "study_id": 54231766, "subject_id": 12721645, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is\n unremarkable. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12721645/s54231766/15117b68-b37d208a-c0f988a8-8e3fb5eb-ec749c1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fff1796e-a0026f0b-0aed51ba-3f623f18-cb7c9654", "study_id": 56491687, "subject_id": 19457227, "report": "impression: Unchanged to slight interval decrease in now air-fluid collection\n in the medial right pleural space and decrease of right basal parenchymal\n opacities with trace left pleural effusion. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. Right basilar pleural pigtail\n catheter has been removed. A meniscus/air fluid level at the right lower lung\n identifies an air-fluid collection in the medial right pleural space which is\n likely smaller than on the previous examination given improved visualization\n of the right heart border, though this may also be due to air within the\n collection. Right lung parenchymal opacities are similarly slightly improved.\n Trace pleural effusion is present on the left. The heart and mediastinal\n contours are left PICC an esophageal stent are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19457227/s56491687/fff1796e-a0026f0b-0aed51ba-3f623f18-cb7c9654.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10705dbe-d8c5f700-bea8286e-8138f383-c28a2096", "study_id": 51945858, "subject_id": 13582101, "report": "impression: Lingular pneumonia. Recommend followup to resolution.\n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 4:30 p.m. via telephone by\n Dr. ___ on ___. Findings: There is new lingular consolidation compatible with pneumonia. There are no\n pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13582101/s51945858/10705dbe-d8c5f700-bea8286e-8138f383-c28a2096.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82d15787-5f9de4bf-bbfacd30-349c3c37-8a3dc0ac", "study_id": 58286052, "subject_id": 11158097, "report": "impression: On image 1 series 6, the newly inserted top of catheter is visualized in the\n middle parts of the stomach, approximately at the level of the ___ ___\n inserted feeding tube. No complications. Findings: On image 1 series 6, the newly inserted top of catheter is visualized in the\n middle parts of the stomach, approximately at the level of the ___ ___\n inserted feeding tube. No complications.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11158097/s58286052/82d15787-5f9de4bf-bbfacd30-349c3c37-8a3dc0ac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "284f2460-4cb05cf8-182f28f5-7596f520-23df30ce", "study_id": 53626940, "subject_id": 10670085, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Probable small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Sternal brackets and fusion devices are again re- demonstrated, in unchanged\n position. Low lung volumes are present. This accentuates the size of the\n cardiac silhouette which is moderately enlarged. The patient is status post\n aortic valve replacement. The aorta remains tortuous. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary edema. Minimal\n patchy bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis. Blunting of\n the right costophrenic angle appears chronic, and may be due to a small right\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is present. Remote right-sided rib\n fracture is present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10670085/s53626940/284f2460-4cb05cf8-182f28f5-7596f520-23df30ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14f01a0a-9ceef95b-dd2a9a0b-e0c541e7-c884fd25", "study_id": 51836282, "subject_id": 11459825, "report": "impression: 1. No acute chest abnormality.\n 2. The right paratracheal stripe is ill-defined, especially distally. If there\n is concern for lymphadenopathy, this could be further evaluated with CT. Findings: The lungs are clear, without effusion or pneumothorax. The heart\n size is normal. The right paratracheal stripe is ill-defined, especially\n distally. There is evidence of prior left mastectomy, with axillary lymph\n node dissection.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11459825/s51836282/14f01a0a-9ceef95b-dd2a9a0b-e0c541e7-c884fd25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f585a4f5-9c46491c-dda85024-f14044bc-752c9dae", "study_id": 53123639, "subject_id": 10965345, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size remains mildly enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10965345/s53123639/f585a4f5-9c46491c-dda85024-f14044bc-752c9dae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "234dfb5b-6a33492e-785dac01-640c36cb-bcc64333", "study_id": 53525173, "subject_id": 10131542, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10131542/s53525173/234dfb5b-6a33492e-785dac01-640c36cb-bcc64333.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b87cffe-8b19e93a-2c893351-ecf9f987-8a103724", "study_id": 59975712, "subject_id": 17986383, "report": "impression: 1. No significant change compared to 40 minutes prior.\n \n 2. Left basilar opacity, likely represents a combination of moderate sized\n left pleural effusion, atelectasis and possible underlying infection. \n Clinical correlation is recommended. \n \n 3. No change in severely dilated pulmonary arteries. Findings: Compared to radiograph 40 minutes prior, no significant interval\n change seen. Again seen is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with\n associated left basilar opacity which is a combination of moderate sized left\n pleural effusion, basilar atelectasis, and possible underlying infection. The\n right lung is clear. No change in severely dilated pulmonary arteries or\n enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax. Vertical rod with\n screws in the right humerus again seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17986383/s59975712/3b87cffe-8b19e93a-2c893351-ecf9f987-8a103724.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c01668d-a113e91f-8d327693-39504d37-12e8d889", "study_id": 57813216, "subject_id": 12673986, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Endotracheal tube in appropriate position.\n Reticular opacities at the lung bases and right apex may reflect scarring. Findings: Single portable AP chest radiograph demonstrates an endotracheal tube which\n appears to terminate 3.8 cm above the level of the carina in appropriate\n position. Heart size is within normal limits. Hilar contours are unremarkable.\n No evidence of pulmonary edema. Reticular opacities are noted at bilateral\n lung bases and right apex. This may reflect an interstitial process. No large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Visualized osseous structures\n demonstrates no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12673986/s57813216/8c01668d-a113e91f-8d327693-39504d37-12e8d889.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb7a6cc3-ff802822-48e71b82-f9c243c4-54667fed", "study_id": 56442459, "subject_id": 14510246, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. No significant change since prior study. \n However, left mediastinal fullness and relative obliteration of the contour of\n the aorta at the level of the left hilus warrants followup CT scan to\n establish baseline evaluation of the mediastinum.\n \n The above findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ telephone\n at 3:20 p.m., within five minutes of discovery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate unchanged left\n basilar opacity, likely atelectasis, with left pleural effusion and stable\n cardiac size. The mediastinum again appears wide, as before, and the left\n mediastinal fullness may indicate fluid accumulation. No new focal opacities\n identified. There is no pneumothorax. At the level of the left hilus, the\n contour of the descending aorta is not well seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14510246/s56442459/bb7a6cc3-ff802822-48e71b82-f9c243c4-54667fed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0013ea88-79a25fd6-fb56b969-9a224975-85d836d2", "study_id": 53277514, "subject_id": 11337457, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate intact median\n sternotomy wires and left-sided clips. The lungs are clear, and the cardiac\n and mediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11337457/s53277514/0013ea88-79a25fd6-fb56b969-9a224975-85d836d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cc1bcd7-ec068862-22c89ab3-7ffdecd4-4e335d90", "study_id": 55707639, "subject_id": 12938515, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema without relevant change. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resulting bronchovascular crowding. There is persistent bilateral\n diffuse interstitial abnormality, which is not significantly changed from the\n prior study, and likely represents moderate pulmonary edema. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. A nasogastric tube\n courses into the stomach and out of the field of view. A right-sided internal\n jugular central venous line ends in the mid SVC. Left-sided wide bore central\n venous line ends at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12938515/s55707639/8cc1bcd7-ec068862-22c89ab3-7ffdecd4-4e335d90.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10ae218c-cc3f8883-fabc5ac3-6252e96f-41c032b9", "study_id": 52911598, "subject_id": 10188275, "report": "impression: Increase in amount of subcutaneous gas in the right hemithorax as well as the\n lucency along the right heart border suggesting a medial component of\n pneumothorax. These findings are suggestive of a suboptimally functioning\n chest tube.\n \n Results were discussed over the telephone with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at\n 11:56 on ___ at time of initial review. Findings: Compared to prior examination, there has been increase in subcutaneous gas\n tracking along the right hemithorax and now extending to the neck. There is\n also unusually sharp demarcation of the right heart border with a thin rim of\n lucency near the cardiophrenic angle which may suggest a medial component of\n pneumothorax. These findings in conjunction are worrisome for a left chest\n tube. There is otherwise no change with persistent low lung volumes with\n associated atelectasis and mild vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10188275/s52911598/10ae218c-cc3f8883-fabc5ac3-6252e96f-41c032b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c96a0997-a5fee692-e352d1bf-3617002c-3a957516", "study_id": 52340150, "subject_id": 14264182, "report": "impression: Relatively stable moderate right and small left pleural effusions. No acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes remain low resulting in crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. Small left and moderate right pleural effusions with adjacent\n atelectasis are again noted, minimally changed from the prior examination. The\n heart is normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is mildly ectatic.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14264182/s52340150/c96a0997-a5fee692-e352d1bf-3617002c-3a957516.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed8be396-aa2e2a5d-f5ab02fc-2f9b5546-302a5fc7", "study_id": 53115392, "subject_id": 19795174, "report": "impression: Trace right pleural effusion. Subtle opacity at the left lower lung may\n represent overlap of structures or focal pneumonia. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. There is\n slight blunting of the posterior right costophrenic angle which may be due to\n a trace pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is seen. No focal consolidation is\n seen in the right lung. Subtle opacity at the left lung base may relate to\n overlap of vascular structures versus early/focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19795174/s53115392/ed8be396-aa2e2a5d-f5ab02fc-2f9b5546-302a5fc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a780231-c6000321-6269667c-4a2c4562-c71dd27c", "study_id": 56477804, "subject_id": 18829312, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are clear, without consolidation, pulmonary edema,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild compression of at least two mid\n thoracic vertebral bodies is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18829312/s56477804/4a780231-c6000321-6269667c-4a2c4562-c71dd27c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "257c835f-fff9a874-eaaa4b47-c2e36029-38b7d6a7", "study_id": 56432112, "subject_id": 17225083, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is again evidence of\n chronic pulmonary disease in a patient with dual-channel pacemaker in place. \n Areas of reticular change at the right base suggests chronic post-surgical\n changes. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17225083/s56432112/257c835f-fff9a874-eaaa4b47-c2e36029-38b7d6a7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9855ca36-94da1881-cceecd4b-247e8c90-97aaf35e", "study_id": 55776450, "subject_id": 11192888, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax.\n 2. Increased areas of platelike atelectasis bilateral lower lung zones. \n Otherwise stable chest x-ray. Findings: There is again seen in stable position left upper chest device with associated\n dual leads in unchanged position.\n \n At the superior aspect of film, there is evidence of prior known left-sided\n subcutaneous air in the soft tissues of the neck. There is no evidence of\n pneumomediastinum. There is no pneumothorax seen.\n \n There is again seen evidence of left-sided pleural plaque, unchanged in\n appearance. There are multiple areas of platelike atelectasis in the right\n lower and left lower lung, increased in comparison to prior study. Otherwise,\n there are no new focal lung consolidations.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11192888/s55776450/9855ca36-94da1881-cceecd4b-247e8c90-97aaf35e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b3797d0-d2764cdd-e34d9d7a-cf4d17fe-49829255", "study_id": 50434019, "subject_id": 19348830, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged with atherosclerotic calcifications again seen throughout the aorta.\n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is demonstrated. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19348830/s50434019/3b3797d0-d2764cdd-e34d9d7a-cf4d17fe-49829255.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4bb2c5a7-cf9b859a-d86efecd-fe0d7b67-c11f7a20", "study_id": 55763212, "subject_id": 19450541, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: AP portable supine view of the chest.\n \n Lungs appear clear. No supine evidence for effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. No acute osseous abnormality\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19450541/s55763212/4bb2c5a7-cf9b859a-d86efecd-fe0d7b67-c11f7a20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3997f142-cb3fcf3d-2ed96c2c-90c5a205-b7c13bf6", "study_id": 58014769, "subject_id": 10303503, "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Right IJ central\n venous catheter is in unchanged position with its tip located at the level of\n the low SVC. The lungs remain clear. No effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10303503/s58014769/3997f142-cb3fcf3d-2ed96c2c-90c5a205-b7c13bf6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4aaae92d-2e009043-90b6b939-61fdf867-859c8a16", "study_id": 55162560, "subject_id": 10138440, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Right PICC tip projects over the mid SVC. Low lung volumes are noted. The\n lungs are clear without focal consolidation or large effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged, stable. Degenerative changes are\n seen at the shoulders. Surgical clips are in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10138440/s55162560/4aaae92d-2e009043-90b6b939-61fdf867-859c8a16.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e63e6599-2cb6bf5d-d2873b36-ae3120db-8cb5f5ef", "study_id": 56568320, "subject_id": 17972281, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Lungs are hyperinflated compatible with COPD. There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17972281/s56568320/e63e6599-2cb6bf5d-d2873b36-ae3120db-8cb5f5ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20ddb9e3-8b3298ae-a181a9de-0a85d4d9-d6fb4741", "study_id": 59123280, "subject_id": 10238115, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10238115/s59123280/20ddb9e3-8b3298ae-a181a9de-0a85d4d9-d6fb4741.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef9b91a1-ddbe2c79-b7b97180-86d36f7b-43d1fb02", "study_id": 52866730, "subject_id": 10320861, "report": "impression: Left-sided pleural effusion, partially loculated. Cardiomegaly new since\n ___, potentially due to cardiac enlargement although pericardial effusion\n would be possible. Findings: Right-sided central venous catheter is noted with tip over the lower SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is a moderate left-sided pleural effusion\n with some fluid tracking posteriorly and likely anteriorly. There is\n associated atelectasis. Elsewhere, lungs are clear. Mild cardiac enlargement\n is noted, new since ___. Surgical clips project over the posterior\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10320861/s52866730/ef9b91a1-ddbe2c79-b7b97180-86d36f7b-43d1fb02.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78a999a2-72f70345-864f1c29-7e092f66-f9c2b6b3", "study_id": 57343121, "subject_id": 15335912, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe patchy opacity may reflect atelectasis, but\n pneumonia is not excluded in the correct clinical setting. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. Compared to the most recent exam, there\n is increased patchy opacity in the right lower lobe, best seen on the frontal\n views. Left basilar atelectasis is also noted. Due to the patient's kyphosis\n and scoliosis, the lateral views are very limited. Heart size is mildly\n enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no edema,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15335912/s57343121/78a999a2-72f70345-864f1c29-7e092f66-f9c2b6b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "001bd062-f5db10e9-26f31f85-bd640f2f-35a334c3", "study_id": 56233634, "subject_id": 15559090, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of consolidation. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Hypertrophic changes\n seen in the spine. Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15559090/s56233634/001bd062-f5db10e9-26f31f85-bd640f2f-35a334c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "016a42a7-f9e0ae12-c0490972-a586e4b3-4a0a9925", "study_id": 54486375, "subject_id": 10330091, "report": "impression: No acute findings Findings: Right-sided PICC line and a NG tube is appearing good position. Poor\n inspiratory effort. Allowing for this, the lungs are grossly clear. No\n significant interval change from prior study", "image_path": [ "p10/p10330091/s54486375/016a42a7-f9e0ae12-c0490972-a586e4b3-4a0a9925.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e01348d-d381aee5-fd47e28e-1d2201bf-b2ce3dd6", "study_id": 53249318, "subject_id": 19723798, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Little change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette\n with progressive improvement in pulmonary vascular status. No evidence of\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19723798/s53249318/7e01348d-d381aee5-fd47e28e-1d2201bf-b2ce3dd6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1afd54f3-c0ff40a3-7e433f94-38010b07-179ba37c", "study_id": 55706829, "subject_id": 18321569, "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: There is no consolidation or pneumothorax. There are persistent trace\n bilateral pleural effusions posteriorly. Cardiac silhouette is top normal. \n There is no pulmonary vessel congestion or pulmonary edema. Plate-like opacity\n at the left lung base is likely mild atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18321569/s55706829/1afd54f3-c0ff40a3-7e433f94-38010b07-179ba37c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1bd946e5-d7423853-271142f1-31fef004-90199d81", "study_id": 56350597, "subject_id": 13487512, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13487512/s56350597/1bd946e5-d7423853-271142f1-31fef004-90199d81.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22954ae7-ac939615-cd3a7bea-337f0c00-496f195b", "study_id": 53069443, "subject_id": 12080376, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Surgical\n clips overlie the anterior mediastinum, to the right of midline. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. No\n overt pulmonary edema is seen. Degenerative change is seen at the right\n acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12080376/s53069443/22954ae7-ac939615-cd3a7bea-337f0c00-496f195b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "697c7578-1e0dc476-0c7f866c-c10ecbb7-71decf42", "study_id": 53864199, "subject_id": 11885685, "report": "impression: Resolved left lower lobe pneumonia Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable with mild cardiomegaly. The lungs are\n mildly hyperinflated. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine", "image_path": [ "p11/p11885685/s53864199/697c7578-1e0dc476-0c7f866c-c10ecbb7-71decf42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e99b503-336b10a3-c9f6414a-37241361-797f9f0a", "study_id": 57574787, "subject_id": 12901293, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. No pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Mild widening of the mediastinum, with associated convexity of the\n aortopulmonary window, atypical in a patient of this age. Alhtough possibly\n due to prominent mediastinal fat (lipomatosis), a nonurgent chest CT is\n recommended for further evaluation, to exclude malignancy such as lymphoma. Findings: The heart size is top normal. There is mild widening of the mediastinum, as\n well as fullness of the aortopulmonary window. The retrosternal clear space\n appears less lucent than expected raising the possibility of been a anterior\n mediastinal abnormality. No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia are\n identified. There is no pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12901293/s57574787/1e99b503-336b10a3-c9f6414a-37241361-797f9f0a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6319aa28-ed784144-cc627a4d-443ab122-748e4c45", "study_id": 50551598, "subject_id": 14694039, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. No confluent\n opacity is identified. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14694039/s50551598/6319aa28-ed784144-cc627a4d-443ab122-748e4c45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80bec5d4-030031f6-1a0deab6-615a1017-5fed5cb8", "study_id": 51274738, "subject_id": 13728317, "report": "impression: Known multiple pulmonary nodule/opacities better assessed on prior CT. No\n definite new focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: Known pulmonary nodules/ lesions are better assessed on CT. No definite new\n focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13728317/s51274738/80bec5d4-030031f6-1a0deab6-615a1017-5fed5cb8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "725ed94f-16978109-455e1806-7ee8810f-4adec38e", "study_id": 57680980, "subject_id": 14919634, "report": "impression: Interval improvement in the right upper lobe consolidation. Findings: There is continued improved aeration of the right upper lobe with decreased\n density of the right upper lobe consolidation and improvement in the left\n lower lung consolidation. The ETT, right PICC line, bilateral chest tubes and\n bilateral bronchial stents are in unchanged satisfactory position. The NG\n tube terminates at the GE junction with the side hole in the mid esophagus.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14919634/s57680980/725ed94f-16978109-455e1806-7ee8810f-4adec38e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db47c1ef-f94a92a9-0ca1eea2-e7753be2-f9ae6072", "study_id": 53756642, "subject_id": 16877684, "report": "The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Subtle increased density in the left base on AP view, in the\n appropriate clinical setting, may represent early pneumonia. No pulmonary\n edema, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16877684/s53756642/db47c1ef-f94a92a9-0ca1eea2-e7753be2-f9ae6072.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efcb1d63-de5fdb64-78c303f4-3a25c0e0-58488d6e", "study_id": 56604733, "subject_id": 15195181, "report": "Supine portable AP view of the chest was provided. Underlying\n trauma board is in place. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears normal. No bony abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195181/s56604733/efcb1d63-de5fdb64-78c303f4-3a25c0e0-58488d6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f12d53c-4abf80e3-3990f547-cd78271d-5240ce5a", "study_id": 53630066, "subject_id": 17687050, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities, mid thoracic dextroscoliosis is noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17687050/s53630066/5f12d53c-4abf80e3-3990f547-cd78271d-5240ce5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e420d977-148b7106-503df017-a3668d93-02f103e0", "study_id": 51237157, "subject_id": 11554445, "report": "impression: Tiny pleural effusions, minimal basilar atelectasis.\n Right PICC line tip terminates over left clavicular head, should be\n repositioned. Findings: Right PICC line terminates over medial left clavicle head. Sternotomy with\n AVR. Right IJ central line tip in the low SVC. Shallow inspiration. There\n are tiny bilateral pleural effusions, similar. Minimal bibasilar atelectasis.\n No pneumothorax. Normal heart size, pulmonary vascularity. Minimal\n retrosternal air, consistent with recent surgery.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11554445/s51237157/e420d977-148b7106-503df017-a3668d93-02f103e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f9e950a-dfeff77d-9cd7a9d4-46c53ae1-75854f91", "study_id": 58480415, "subject_id": 17222468, "report": "impression: Streaky new posterior right lower lobe opacities. Although an\n infectious process is difficult to completely exclude, the appearance would be\n compatible with atelectasis. Correlation with clinical findings is suggested.\n If symptoms were to persist, then follow-up radiographs might be appropriate. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear unchanged. \n There are streaky new posterior basilar opacities, probably in the right lower\n lobe and suggestive of minor atelectasis, but otherwise the lungs appear clear\n aside from scattered unchanged small calcified granulomas. The bony\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17222468/s58480415/3f9e950a-dfeff77d-9cd7a9d4-46c53ae1-75854f91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "90159599-3be2e89c-1c58a695-50e6b68b-54374cb6", "study_id": 54661496, "subject_id": 17866534, "report": "impression: There is no new consolidation. Findings: There is no new consolidation. Bibasilar atelectasis more prominent on the\n left side is unchanged. Small pleural effusion is also stable. Mediastinal\n and cardiac mild enlargement is stable. Left subclavian line ends at the\n junction of the brachiocephalic vein and SVC.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17866534/s54661496/90159599-3be2e89c-1c58a695-50e6b68b-54374cb6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41f882ed-a5ab608f-a9073a1f-7a540ac7-8f84e4db", "study_id": 57760907, "subject_id": 18882254, "report": "impression: 16 mm left apical pneumothorax. Findings: A left-sided chest tube is visualized. There is a 16 mm left apical\n pneumothorax. There is bibasilar atelectasis. No evidence of a pulmonary\n nodule on the current study. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18882254/s57760907/41f882ed-a5ab608f-a9073a1f-7a540ac7-8f84e4db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2167574a-cce35d1c-0047fb52-4a5bc38d-5e221be5", "study_id": 53656336, "subject_id": 14739680, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest. Findings: Left chest tube in place. No interval change in the appearance of the chest\n since the previous study.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14739680/s53656336/2167574a-cce35d1c-0047fb52-4a5bc38d-5e221be5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad4812cd-8fad26ae-0433b948-a17f5093-69730efd", "study_id": 57308069, "subject_id": 14400066, "report": "impression: Patchy opacity in the right middle lobe concerning for pneumonia.\n \n RECOMMENDATION(S) Followup radiographs after treatment are recommended to\n ensure resolution this finding Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature\n is normal. Patchy opacity in the right middle lobe is concerning for\n pneumonia. Left lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n visualized. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14400066/s57308069/ad4812cd-8fad26ae-0433b948-a17f5093-69730efd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f95f2ac-690f74ea-dba737ce-7e065da2-e7ed8e54", "study_id": 58873265, "subject_id": 15813164, "report": "impression: Status post aortic valve and bypass surgery without evidence of\n detectable aortic valve prosthesis components within the heart shadow. Heart\n size is now normalized, no pulmonary congestion or acute infiltrates are\n present, stable left-sided basal calcified granuloma. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding chest examination of\n ___. Status post sternotomy. Previous chest examination\n identifies it as status post aortic valve replacement. Heart size is now\n within normal limits. The thoracic aorta is moderately widened and elongated\n but no local contour abnormalities are identified. Pulmonary vasculature is\n not congested. No evidence of acute parenchymal infiltrates are present and\n the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free. A well-demarcated round\n less than ___-mm calcification is seen on the left lung base laterally. A\n granuloma which was already identified on preoperative chest examination of\n ___.\n \n Comparison with the next preceding PA and lateral chest examination of ___ at that time existing and remaining moderate cardiac enlargement\n has now normalized. Thus, postoperative cardiac enlargement has regressed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15813164/s58873265/9f95f2ac-690f74ea-dba737ce-7e065da2-e7ed8e54.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eeb500cf-654a39eb-af31c543-e4382e20-a5499d70", "study_id": 54561046, "subject_id": 11585755, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The lungs are clear. There are new small bilateral pleural\n effusions. There is no pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size, with a an\n enlarged and tortuous aorta, particularly notable on the lateral likely\n related to history of ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11585755/s54561046/eeb500cf-654a39eb-af31c543-e4382e20-a5499d70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "504f4415-fa07dd6b-c8f59481-8ea5789f-3f767397", "study_id": 53172303, "subject_id": 10625523, "report": "impression: Mild edema. Lower lung opacities likely atelectasis and or pneumonia. PICC\n line terminates in the right atrium. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. A right upper extremity PICC line\n is again seen with its tip terminating in the region of the right atrium. Mild\n pulmonary edema is noted. Lower lung opacities likely represent atelectasis\n though cannot exclude pneumonia. No large effusion or pneumothorax.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10625523/s53172303/504f4415-fa07dd6b-c8f59481-8ea5789f-3f767397.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "955211b8-735186c6-69e732c9-36206c53-a584f3eb", "study_id": 59747411, "subject_id": 11833969, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No definite pneumonia or edema. Findings: New linear opacities are identified at\n the lung bases which may reflect subsegmental atelectasis. The remainder of\n the lungs appear clear. No definite large effusion is identified. There is\n no overt pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11833969/s59747411/955211b8-735186c6-69e732c9-36206c53-a584f3eb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4673bf0c-0fdc31e3-24ecbfd8-cff6289f-75a09181", "study_id": 55402322, "subject_id": 17849851, "report": "impression: Mild lingular atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n mild lingular atelectasis/scarring. No focal consolidation, large pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top\n normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17849851/s55402322/4673bf0c-0fdc31e3-24ecbfd8-cff6289f-75a09181.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8266c8b-ee92c53f-38731c98-1e36c06a-ee009e6d", "study_id": 53627430, "subject_id": 17341475, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Old left lateral ninth rib fracture. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Median sternotomy wires and surgical clips are noted. Fracture of the left\n lateral ninth rib is again noted without significant interval healing though\n not fully evaluated. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17341475/s53627430/b8266c8b-ee92c53f-38731c98-1e36c06a-ee009e6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dedade7-e8d45e7b-db884ad2-f019b68d-1fe07434", "study_id": 54784910, "subject_id": 17296727, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear and there is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is no evidence of free air beneath the\n diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17296727/s54784910/4dedade7-e8d45e7b-db884ad2-f019b68d-1fe07434.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c6c1bbd-59d9cd3e-38b23c90-903be8cb-9d6662ed", "study_id": 55499675, "subject_id": 19212039, "report": "impression: 1. Minimally improved central vascular congestion without overt pulmonary\n edema. Stable moderate cardiomegaly.\n 2. Improved small left pleural effusion. Persistent tiny right effusion.\n 3. Unchanged mild bibasilar opacities, suggestive of atelectasis. Findings: Compared to chest radiographs from ___, moderate central vascular\n congestion has minimally improved. Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. Lung\n volumes remain low. Small left pleural effusion has improved. Tiny right\n pleural effusion persists. Persistent mild bibasilar opacities likely reflect\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19212039/s55499675/5c6c1bbd-59d9cd3e-38b23c90-903be8cb-9d6662ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e3c4725-a8b95732-086d78a3-a4caf315-90900be6", "study_id": 54167385, "subject_id": 11113612, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: There has been interval removal of a PICC. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is detected. Lung volumes are low, exaggerating\n cardiomediastinal contours and pulmonary vascularity. The aorta is tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11113612/s54167385/0e3c4725-a8b95732-086d78a3-a4caf315-90900be6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fb54ad4-2c3e6e42-e170e0a4-0646335d-d5e158c4", "study_id": 56372750, "subject_id": 10192747, "report": "impression: Small right apical pneumothorax. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion. Again seen is an acute right clavicular fracture with\n multiple right displaced rib fractures. Increased lucency of the right apex\n compared to the left is indicative of a small right apical pneumothorax. The\n lungs are well expanded and clear.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10192747/s56372750/1fb54ad4-2c3e6e42-e170e0a4-0646335d-d5e158c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f38f857-31328062-5224e5df-517e2545-6e3d4ebd", "study_id": 54544807, "subject_id": 13326903, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The heart size is normal. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Previously seen streaky focal lucency in the right\n lower lobe is not seen on the current study. There is no consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13326903/s54544807/4f38f857-31328062-5224e5df-517e2545-6e3d4ebd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cbedfe05-d2c69bc2-e4c7686a-d569c644-d3c7ff7a", "study_id": 57620761, "subject_id": 11620485, "report": "No previous images. Cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of\n normal in size or mildly enlarged. There is tortuosity of the aorta. \n Dual-channel pacemaker device is in place with leads extending to the left\n atrium in the region of the apex of the right ventricle.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural\n effusion.\n \n Of incidental note is apparent calcification in the right upper quadrant\n consistent with gallstones.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11620485/s57620761/cbedfe05-d2c69bc2-e4c7686a-d569c644-d3c7ff7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b05d1cba-e780fcb0-ca0b9206-138ebd83-7532b8ce", "study_id": 57238949, "subject_id": 19681724, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19681724/s57238949/b05d1cba-e780fcb0-ca0b9206-138ebd83-7532b8ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "931c0c1a-a8c663ee-75fb28b5-82e59671-aa0ebbff", "study_id": 58868084, "subject_id": 18389073, "report": "impression: Widespread opacity suggesting pulmonary edema. Right infrahilar\n opacity, probably unchanged and accordingly likely due to atelectasis. \n Short-term follow-up radiographs are suggested to reassess, however. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Although asymmetric,\n widespread bilateral opacification includes interstitial and hazy opacities\n suggestive of pulmonary edema. Opacity at the medial right lung base\n obscuring the right diaphragm is not completely specific but suggests\n atelectasis and was to some extent present before. The bones appear\n demineralized. A moderate lower thoracic compression fracture is probably\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18389073/s58868084/931c0c1a-a8c663ee-75fb28b5-82e59671-aa0ebbff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3d9e036-520c5fbe-dcaaae15-68bfb814-cc24069e", "study_id": 50688045, "subject_id": 16421923, "report": "impression: The small pneumothorax on the chest CT of ___ is not appreciated\n on the plain radiograph. Lung volumes are slightly lower than in ___ likely\n related to differences in inspiratory effort. Patchy opacity at the right\n base likely reflects a combination of atelectasis and/or scarring. Stable\n right lower lobe granuloma. Blunting of right costophrenic angle correlates\n with pleural thickening on the recent chest CT. No pulmonary edema. Overall\n cardiac and mediastinal contours are stable. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 11:50 are submitted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16421923/s50688045/f3d9e036-520c5fbe-dcaaae15-68bfb814-cc24069e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7117150f-937a16c1-a08cc2d8-18d54d81-daf39e17", "study_id": 51150406, "subject_id": 11867957, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little improvement\n radiographically with diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications consistent\n with bilateral pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis and some element\n of elevated pulmonary venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11867957/s51150406/7117150f-937a16c1-a08cc2d8-18d54d81-daf39e17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d15a9d4-b76f2e95-857c2a96-89b7ebc1-3b6c89b7", "study_id": 57415111, "subject_id": 10845788, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: Normal heart, lungs, pleura and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10845788/s57415111/0d15a9d4-b76f2e95-857c2a96-89b7ebc1-3b6c89b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24279262-f1c5aa8b-e6d4a7b2-a37fcfd5-96b4476b", "study_id": 51334383, "subject_id": 14485204, "report": "impression: Interstitial edema and small bilateral effusions. Left basilar opacity\n potentially atelectasis noting that infection is not excluded. Findings: Left chest wall diluted dual lead pacing device seen with right ventricular\n and right atrial leads. Increased interstitial markings are seen throughout\n the lungs. There are small bilateral pleural effusions, larger on the left.\n Retrocardiac opacity is noted medially. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged.\n Mediastinal wires are noted and densities in the region of the mitral valve\n suggesting prior repair. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14485204/s51334383/24279262-f1c5aa8b-e6d4a7b2-a37fcfd5-96b4476b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "388b8454-fc5b8067-e6f135c7-a48586c3-4af300df", "study_id": 52234010, "subject_id": 14115800, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. No pneumonia. Findings: Clear lungs bilaterally without pleural effusion, pneumothorax. \n The heart size, mediastinal contour and hila are normal. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14115800/s52234010/388b8454-fc5b8067-e6f135c7-a48586c3-4af300df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "947c44f9-bb0a0b63-01297e22-9303ca0e-4c4a2d0f", "study_id": 56147925, "subject_id": 19202617, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19202617/s56147925/947c44f9-bb0a0b63-01297e22-9303ca0e-4c4a2d0f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc585610-7df93093-8c467beb-a1e94f63-82bc469c", "study_id": 57795775, "subject_id": 15263884, "report": "impression: 1. Minimal bibasilar atelectasis.\n 2. Right chest tube unchanged with no evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: A right-sided chest tube is unchanged in position. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unchanged. There is mild tortuosity of the aorta which is\n unchanged. Again, there is minimal bibasilar atelectasis. There is no\n appreciable pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15263884/s57795775/bc585610-7df93093-8c467beb-a1e94f63-82bc469c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d2f3b704-6371ae6b-67c20c34-d1fff991-5c800053", "study_id": 53822561, "subject_id": 10920214, "report": "impression: Stable small right apical pneumothorax. Findings: No significant change compared to the prior exam. Stable appearance of the\n known right small (1 cm) apical pneumothorax. Stable mild basilar atelectasis.\n No focal consolidation, pulmonary edema, or pleural effusion. Stable\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. Unchanged position of the right IJ. Sternotomy\n wires and surgical clips appear intact and unchanged in position. Right distal\n clavicle fixation hardware appears intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10920214/s53822561/d2f3b704-6371ae6b-67c20c34-d1fff991-5c800053.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17383430-83cc382b-4fee06ac-2ccd1cb2-a43cc21f", "study_id": 59547425, "subject_id": 11459825, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with hilar congestion and moderate interstitial pulmonary\n edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Clips are noted in the left\n axilla. The heart is stable 8 mildly enlarged. The hila appear congested as\n on prior with mild to moderate interstitial pulmonary edema. No large\n effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. No a definite signs of pneumonia. \n Mediastinal contour is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm. Aortic vascular calcification is noted in the upper\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11459825/s59547425/17383430-83cc382b-4fee06ac-2ccd1cb2-a43cc21f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3d4a2f0a-d0e343b7-69acaeb3-3908ff4f-c21350cd", "study_id": 53196744, "subject_id": 15442180, "report": "impression: Interval worsening of bilateral parenchymal opacities concerning for worsening\n edema, though superimposed infection is not excluded. Findings: There has been interval worsening of bilateral parenchymal opacities, right\n greater the left, concerning for worsening edema, though superimposed\n infection is not excluded. The cardiac silhouette is obscured. A left\n internal jugular central venous line terminates at the cavoatrial junction,\n and there has been interval removal of an enteric tube and endotracheal tube.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15442180/s53196744/3d4a2f0a-d0e343b7-69acaeb3-3908ff4f-c21350cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91cd6db9-727c94d5-69ea309f-87bd4c66-f3be90cf", "study_id": 52141796, "subject_id": 10652693, "report": "impression: Minimal pulmonary vascular congestion without overt pulmonary\n edema. No focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. There\n is minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10652693/s52141796/91cd6db9-727c94d5-69ea309f-87bd4c66-f3be90cf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4d66313-45620d9a-aac13ca9-b001ad4c-273f3b20", "study_id": 51437981, "subject_id": 13489125, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, improved compared to chest radiograph from 12 hours\n prior. Unchanged severe cardiomegaly. Findings: A portable semi upright frontal chest radiograph demonstrates unchanged severe\n cardiomegaly and bilateral diffuse opacities compatible with moderate\n pulmonary edema. This is improved compared to chest radiograph from\n approximately 12 hours prior. Pleural effusions are minimal, if any. There\n is no pneumothorax. No definite focal consolidation identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13489125/s51437981/f4d66313-45620d9a-aac13ca9-b001ad4c-273f3b20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "405356d3-1353704f-5ea41b70-c8fcdf54-f1539d5b", "study_id": 51306170, "subject_id": 16089740, "report": "impression: Tip of the left PICC line is positioned approximately at the\n level of lower SVC. No pneumothorax or effusion. Findings: Tip of a left-sided PICC line ends at lower SVC. Both lungs are well expanded\n and there are no opacities concerning for pneumonia or aspiration or pulmonary\n edema. Both pleural spaces are normal. Heart size is normal, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16089740/s51306170/405356d3-1353704f-5ea41b70-c8fcdf54-f1539d5b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4cf64d6d-06f292b5-08f9de0e-505f5e91-31d5d465", "study_id": 53859760, "subject_id": 10302979, "report": "impression: 1. Mild congestive heart failure.\n 2. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded without focal consolidation. Moderate\n cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion are slightly increased from\n ___. No pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Unchanged right chest\n dual lumen pacemaker.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10302979/s53859760/4cf64d6d-06f292b5-08f9de0e-505f5e91-31d5d465.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "717af4ce-e2a3748a-6fb326e0-92d4c3b2-c1c5b34b", "study_id": 56943774, "subject_id": 12805198, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing bilateral\n pleural effusions have increased. Also increased are the signs suggestive of\n moderate pulmonary edema. Increase in extent of the pre-existing retrocardiac\n atelectasis. Unchanged mild cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12805198/s56943774/717af4ce-e2a3748a-6fb326e0-92d4c3b2-c1c5b34b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c82ab94b-0a072334-1782ecbd-85a41cff-807c163f", "study_id": 50732080, "subject_id": 17716210, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Percutaneous\n gastrostomy catheter is noted with tip terminating in the region of the distal\n stomach/proximal duodenum. Gaseous distention of bowel loops within the upper\n abdomen is noted. Spinal catheters are re- demonstrated. There is no acute\n osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17716210/s50732080/c82ab94b-0a072334-1782ecbd-85a41cff-807c163f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7dfb683e-e87eb713-2b85404c-ca889c6f-802b0ee2", "study_id": 55470266, "subject_id": 11522912, "report": "impression: Lines and tubes in appropriate position. Right lower lobe\n atelectasis. Retrocardiac opacity could represent pneumonia, aspiration or\n atelectasis. Findings: Portable semi-supine frontal view of the chest. A right internal\n jugular line ends in the mid SVC. The endotracheal tube terminates 3.5 cm\n above the carina. A transesophageal tube terminates in the stomach. There is\n right lower lobe atelectasis and a left retrocardiac opacity that appears\n unchanged since ___. No large pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Mild\n cardiomegaly is uncahnged since ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11522912/s55470266/7dfb683e-e87eb713-2b85404c-ca889c6f-802b0ee2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae8c5b54-80679d1f-eaa38f6f-cf516fc0-125205ec", "study_id": 51860826, "subject_id": 15803381, "report": "Interval placement of endotracheal tube, with tip terminating about\n 6 cm above the carina. Otherwise, no relevant short interval changes since\n the recent radiograph performed a few hours earlier.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15803381/s51860826/ae8c5b54-80679d1f-eaa38f6f-cf516fc0-125205ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfa92b24-846ad23a-6772e182-6a0b903a-beb6d97c", "study_id": 52891682, "subject_id": 13160018, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13160018/s52891682/cfa92b24-846ad23a-6772e182-6a0b903a-beb6d97c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab6e6869-2ba1b82b-78a81dbf-762577af-e5582ef5", "study_id": 57352894, "subject_id": 14689951, "report": "impression: Persistent small the moderate left pleural effusion since ___. No\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is a persistent left small to moderate pleural effusion. Elsewhere, the\n lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14689951/s57352894/ab6e6869-2ba1b82b-78a81dbf-762577af-e5582ef5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eaefd8ea-ec020834-b86008c2-dc76170a-0f0bbcc7", "study_id": 58649539, "subject_id": 17533591, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Normal heart, lungs, pleura and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17533591/s58649539/eaefd8ea-ec020834-b86008c2-dc76170a-0f0bbcc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89e11bee-eac4b29e-de69dd80-842e6764-3626494e", "study_id": 57250714, "subject_id": 16428261, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiac silhouette is top normal. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16428261/s57250714/89e11bee-eac4b29e-de69dd80-842e6764-3626494e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b04ad87e-3e88ae6b-2a740a45-61fbbcb4-15cf4591", "study_id": 58532325, "subject_id": 17431704, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs\n are low in volume but appear clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size with tortuous aortic contour. Left\n humeral head prosthesis is incompletely assessed.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17431704/s58532325/b04ad87e-3e88ae6b-2a740a45-61fbbcb4-15cf4591.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8dae3478-cfb27595-eee60caa-971b1a30-4c8a60dd", "study_id": 55994122, "subject_id": 12721583, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n focal airspace consolidation. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. \n Cholecystectomy clips are noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12721583/s55994122/8dae3478-cfb27595-eee60caa-971b1a30-4c8a60dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2ff3192-09cba98a-37d1d31b-f1daaf2c-39244af6", "study_id": 52566029, "subject_id": 11546285, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumothorax.\n Small hiatal hernia. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal. \n Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. Extensively tortuous ectatic thoracic\n aorta is unchanged from CT torso of ___. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Mild scarring atelectasis is noted\n at the left lung base. There is a small hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11546285/s52566029/e2ff3192-09cba98a-37d1d31b-f1daaf2c-39244af6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8340a50-96a3b807-64be192a-122e1ad7-d583d138", "study_id": 53829136, "subject_id": 19696838, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19696838/s53829136/b8340a50-96a3b807-64be192a-122e1ad7-d583d138.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76e25d85-c36697e7-6d7572c4-c26fde0c-920ed805", "study_id": 55051433, "subject_id": 16709749, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16709749/s55051433/76e25d85-c36697e7-6d7572c4-c26fde0c-920ed805.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb578d6f-70e12b88-ff0ead0a-0e5aeac1-e4a86b76", "study_id": 52788918, "subject_id": 11057357, "report": "impression: Improved bilateral upper zone opacities. No superimposed edema. Findings: The heart is enlarged. A left-sided cardiac\n generator pack projects leads into the right atrium and ventricle. Since\n ___, the patient has been extubated and an orogastric tube\n removed. Bilateral upper zone opacities are improved. \n The hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no effusion, edema, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11057357/s52788918/cb578d6f-70e12b88-ff0ead0a-0e5aeac1-e4a86b76.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cf2cc31-4d7444f0-ab490111-7d7b9ec6-d389f3f1", "study_id": 56724464, "subject_id": 11912361, "report": "impression: Subtle hazy opacity left lung base may represent developing early infiltrate\n in the appropriate clinical setting. If clinical symptoms persist, follow-up\n radiograph in 48 hr recommended. Findings: Subtle hazy opacities left lung base may represent early developing infiltrate\n in the appropriate clinical setting, not definitely identified on prior\n radiograph ___ and CT ___ of the very low lung bases right\n lung clear. Small esophageal hiatal hernia, more apparent. Normal heart\n size, pulmonary vascularity. No effusion. Surgical clips left breast.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11912361/s56724464/0cf2cc31-4d7444f0-ab490111-7d7b9ec6-d389f3f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff037f97-a019011d-93eb5703-fd7626d0-6babd688", "study_id": 55548365, "subject_id": 18459379, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation of the lungs. Mild increased bilateral coarse markings\n are seen : it could sometimes be related to a smoking history. Findings: There is no focal area of consolidation; however, there are mild increased\n coarse lung markings bilaterally. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18459379/s55548365/ff037f97-a019011d-93eb5703-fd7626d0-6babd688.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "932a2a2b-c4462fb4-449b16d1-b06ce1ed-a87caca0", "study_id": 52075281, "subject_id": 14522247, "report": "impression: 1. Heart size at the upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged.\n 2. No acute pulmonary process detected.\n 3. Assessment of the left shoulder is limited on this exam. Findings: Heart size is at the upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged. The aorta is\n minimally unfolded. Hilar an mediastinal contours are otherwise within normal\n limits.\n \n No CHF, focal infiltrate or effusion is identified. Minimal atelectasis in the\n right cardiophrenic region, left lung base, and minimal scarring at the left\n lung apex noted.\n \n There are mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14522247/s52075281/932a2a2b-c4462fb4-449b16d1-b06ce1ed-a87caca0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7b6cace-6651bfcd-7b75cdc4-97723d58-4cae08f8", "study_id": 51293937, "subject_id": 11498247, "report": "impression: 1. No interstitial changes that might reflect amiodarone toxicity. However, if\n clinical concern, CT is recommended for further evaluation.\n \n 2. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle, which could be caused by a small\n pleural effusion. Findings: There is blunting of the right costophrenic angle, which could be\n caused by a small right-sided pleural effusion. There is left base\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. No interstitial\n changes that might reflect amiodarone toxicity are noted. There is left\n ventricular enlargement and a large left pulmonary artery is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11498247/s51293937/a7b6cace-6651bfcd-7b75cdc4-97723d58-4cae08f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "612f9a18-7a3f12ec-eb326247-68ca31cb-94122f42", "study_id": 54219751, "subject_id": 16599536, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced compared to the previous exam. Heart size appears\n mildly enlarged, increased compared to the previous exam, but this is likely\n accentuated due to the lower lung volumes. Mediastinal contours are\n unchanged. Calcified right mediastinal node is compatible with prior\n granulomatous disease. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures,\n with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion but no overt pulmonary edema\n is demonstrated. Bibasilar opacities are seen in the lung bases, most\n compatible with atelectasis, without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is visualized. Right-sided indentation upon the trachea at\n the thoracic inlet may reflect an underlying thyroid goiter, and is unchanged.\n There are multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. \n Cholecystectomy clips are re- demonstrated in the right upper quadrant of the\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16599536/s54219751/612f9a18-7a3f12ec-eb326247-68ca31cb-94122f42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5cb274e9-c3ee0ec3-9a55ab8c-ebbefc3a-96bdc0cd", "study_id": 55375029, "subject_id": 17684445, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. Mild prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature with no overt pulmonary edema. Findings: There is redemonstration of low lung volumes which accentuate the\n bronchovascular structures. Increased opacities at the lung bases bilaterally\n are likely secondary to atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild prominence of the pulmonary\n vasculature with no overt pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17684445/s55375029/5cb274e9-c3ee0ec3-9a55ab8c-ebbefc3a-96bdc0cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78d65c9e-0d2dc76a-5e79c8be-6f1c96c3-9210ffea", "study_id": 57059700, "subject_id": 16323788, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. A skin fold projects over the base of the left lung.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16323788/s57059700/78d65c9e-0d2dc76a-5e79c8be-6f1c96c3-9210ffea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4759586f-61345df2-4a11b5ad-632b1a1b-82924f14", "study_id": 56465554, "subject_id": 10590326, "report": "impression: Small effusions, pleural and pericardial. No pneumonia or edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no\n focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n larger than right, are seen. The moderate pericardial effusion is better seen\n on the lateral view. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10590326/s56465554/4759586f-61345df2-4a11b5ad-632b1a1b-82924f14.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca0495c3-2d024ac3-59309c99-2efe5806-0e9683ee", "study_id": 58581216, "subject_id": 15308477, "report": "There is no evidence of left pneumothorax following a bronchoscopic\n biopsy of a left lower lobe mass. New left lower lobe consolidation is\n present, and could reflect post-procedural hemorrhage, aspiration and/or\n lavage fluid. Focal opacity at right lung base is also noted and is likely\n due to atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15308477/s58581216/ca0495c3-2d024ac3-59309c99-2efe5806-0e9683ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d1be0e0-f5bb49be-a11fef79-97b98c05-b3089091", "study_id": 54683735, "subject_id": 18716770, "report": "impression: New right lower lobe consolidation, compatible with pneumonia in appropriate\n clinical setting. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly and a calcified aorta are again seen. Hilar contours are\n grossly stable. The lungs remain hyperinflated. There is a new consolidation\n in the right lower lobe. No pulmonary edema are or pleural effusion is seen. \n Bilateral diaphragmatic eventration is again noted. Dextroconvex thoracic\n scoliosis is again seen. The bones overall demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18716770/s54683735/6d1be0e0-f5bb49be-a11fef79-97b98c05-b3089091.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "945d8fa6-c604e09f-3d3ca31a-c9e00b33-ad9e1237", "study_id": 53992555, "subject_id": 19506655, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19506655/s53992555/945d8fa6-c604e09f-3d3ca31a-c9e00b33-ad9e1237.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d15bddbb-85021128-813ed8e2-bb5eeb75-66bd9d44", "study_id": 53851274, "subject_id": 14453634, "report": "impression: Adequate positioning of NG tube. Bibasilar atelectasis and effusions. Findings: There has been placement of an NG tube with the tip terminating\n well into the distal stomach. There is poor inspiratory effort, which\n accentuates prominence of the heart and vascular structures. There is\n bibasilar atelectasis and small effusions. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14453634/s53851274/d15bddbb-85021128-813ed8e2-bb5eeb75-66bd9d44.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79f9bd80-57e5ce60-fd29c1ca-ccf07314-d752cc95", "study_id": 50082503, "subject_id": 16901713, "report": "impression: Findings compatible with mild pulmonary edema. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours normal. There is increased\n opacification of the lower lungs bilaterally with pulmonary vascular\n engorgement. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16901713/s50082503/79f9bd80-57e5ce60-fd29c1ca-ccf07314-d752cc95.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "925e7f18-fd79a154-88bde94c-980b5190-af60f67c", "study_id": 55059009, "subject_id": 17270016, "report": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. There\n is no pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no\n pulmonary edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17270016/s55059009/925e7f18-fd79a154-88bde94c-980b5190-af60f67c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9cc0bb7a-59aa08c2-45489992-66d60c66-8e6ffa91", "study_id": 57701924, "subject_id": 18347925, "report": "The Dobbhoff tube terminates in the fourth position of the\n duodenum. Non-obstructive bowel gas pattern. ETT tube terminates 3 cm above\n carina. Stable positioning of other tubes. Persistent left basilar\n atelectasis, right hemithorax is not included on the images.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18347925/s57701924/9cc0bb7a-59aa08c2-45489992-66d60c66-8e6ffa91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0efb290-0927a574-d0fcc7dd-b0f65f52-ef3e1217", "study_id": 51023140, "subject_id": 13609253, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of active or latent pulmonary\n tuberculosis infection. Findings: Left PICC has been repositioned, now terminating in the proximal\n superior vena cava. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal,\n and lungs and pleural surfaces are clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13609253/s51023140/e0efb290-0927a574-d0fcc7dd-b0f65f52-ef3e1217.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b42febb6-9cf550af-a4350ff2-01f59cab-6617c21d", "study_id": 51685055, "subject_id": 17357689, "report": "impression: Interval increase of large left pleural effusion. Findings: In comparison to ___ study the large left pleural effusion has\n increased in size. No focal consolidations, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax\n are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17357689/s51685055/b42febb6-9cf550af-a4350ff2-01f59cab-6617c21d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84425a77-edddbe5b-86c3668c-1c63032a-b3bd60cc", "study_id": 59112037, "subject_id": 11676649, "report": "impression: Stable mild pulmonary edema with stable small bilateral pleural effusions.\n Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy with aortic valve replacement.\n Lungs lungs are low. Small bilateral layering pleural effusions are unchanged\n with new presence of fluid layering within the minor fissure. The upper lung\n fields demonstrate persistent mild pulmonary edema. Left midlung linear\n atelectasis has resolved. There is no pneumothorax. The heart appears\n enlarged despite the projection. Chronic compression deformities of two lower\n thoracic vertebral bodies are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11676649/s59112037/84425a77-edddbe5b-86c3668c-1c63032a-b3bd60cc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cb5397d-e7fc8028-0d740af9-e5834663-f5b88d30", "study_id": 50408015, "subject_id": 15717895, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: There are low lung volumes and bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No definite focal consolidation is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Chronic appearing rib deformities are\n noted on the left.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15717895/s50408015/0cb5397d-e7fc8028-0d740af9-e5834663-f5b88d30.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "724b8e95-712bca40-2bf48f4f-09127b7b-93b4a218", "study_id": 54249844, "subject_id": 14801770, "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities in the juxta hilar regions, probably a combination of\n atelectasis and infectious consolidation in this patient with history of fever\n and cough. Short-term followup radiographs are recommended in 4 weeks after\n completion of antibiotic therapy to document resolution and to exclude\n obstructing lesions or a non infectious process such as AB with PA. Findings: Linear and a wedge-shaped opacities are present in both juxta hilar regions,\n and appear to correspond to the anterior segment of the right upper lobe and\n superior segments of the lower lobes. Subtle reticulonodular opacities are\n also present in the left perihilar region. Heart size is normal, and there is\n no definite mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. There is no pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14801770/s54249844/724b8e95-712bca40-2bf48f4f-09127b7b-93b4a218.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7d2cf7c-7bf4685b-51cf8ad1-f82796a8-8bac712d", "study_id": 51732786, "subject_id": 11443713, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation.\n \n 2. Small left and possible trace right pleural effusion. Findings: Again seen is a left chest dual lead pacemaker which appears unchanged. No\n focal consolidation is identified. There is stable moderate cardiomegaly.\n There is a small left and possible trace right pleural effusion. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11443713/s51732786/b7d2cf7c-7bf4685b-51cf8ad1-f82796a8-8bac712d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef3e14be-edd52998-b1d6c36a-5cff865d-d2a2fbd5", "study_id": 59214496, "subject_id": 11610027, "report": "impression: Right PICC with the tip at the cavoatrial junction. Findings: Since the prior exam, the right PICC has been pulled back. The tip is now at\n the cavoatrial junction. The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11610027/s59214496/ef3e14be-edd52998-b1d6c36a-5cff865d-d2a2fbd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f737e27-bb78681a-f6c2c6ff-77409694-4181a32f", "study_id": 56599227, "subject_id": 15206209, "report": "impression: Right-sided subclavian line has been pulled back with the tip in the low SVC. Findings: Right-sided subclavian line has been pulled back with the tip in the low SVC.\n In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there is little overall\n change. Again there is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette in a patient\n with a dual-channel pacer with leads extending to the right atrium and apex of\n the right ventricle. No change in the degree of pulmonary edema and the\n bilateral layering pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis at the\n bases, worse on the right. The right rib fractures are difficult to see on\n this study, but there is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15206209/s56599227/3f737e27-bb78681a-f6c2c6ff-77409694-4181a32f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "001ee6ca-9e58ced8-9a7d00f9-a95ebc7c-281e3fb3", "study_id": 54877294, "subject_id": 12999691, "report": "impression: Decreasing but persisting pulmonary edema. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. A\n gastric tube extends to the body of the stomach. Pacing leads are again noted\n overlying the right atrium and right ventricular apex with the battery pack\n projecting over the left hemi abdomen. Unchanged pacer leads along the left\n lateral chest.\n \n Slight interval decrease in the extent of the perihilar opacities. A\n persisting retrocardiac opacity is present, likely reflecting atelectasis and\n a pleural effusion. No pneumothorax identified.\n \n Surgical clips project over the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12999691/s54877294/001ee6ca-9e58ced8-9a7d00f9-a95ebc7c-281e3fb3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96f0d83c-8dc1614c-b17a9d96-340db7ec-76f101e8", "study_id": 52339381, "subject_id": 17355488, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17355488/s52339381/96f0d83c-8dc1614c-b17a9d96-340db7ec-76f101e8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b21efe93-1e72df86-c80c1415-cb514d34-08667e9d", "study_id": 52816882, "subject_id": 13002063, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13002063/s52816882/b21efe93-1e72df86-c80c1415-cb514d34-08667e9d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6f28939-2f4f851f-61581b59-6bd4d847-c04110ec", "study_id": 52881848, "subject_id": 17542726, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, more so on the left, could relate to\n atelectasis or/and aspiration, although underlying pneumonia is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Left greater\n than right bibasilar opacities are seen, which could relate to atelectasis or\n aspiration, although underlying pneumonia is not excluded in the appropriate\n clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17542726/s52881848/f6f28939-2f4f851f-61581b59-6bd4d847-c04110ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9332363-bff05d44-b28f68a3-6fd9c434-5740bfbe", "study_id": 54641757, "subject_id": 16129942, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right with\n bibasilar atelectasis. Please note pneumonia is impossible to exclude at the\n left lung base. Recommend followup to resolution. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is a large\n left pleural effusion with associated consolidation in the left lower lung. \n There is exclusion of the lateral right CP angle, though findings on lateral\n view suggests a small right pleural effusion and basilar atelectasis. The\n lungs are well aerated. Heart size is difficult to assess. Mediastinal\n contour are normal. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16129942/s54641757/f9332363-bff05d44-b28f68a3-6fd9c434-5740bfbe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6266e2c3-8bf1b77b-26eb2bcf-8148f45c-79e5d5d0", "study_id": 51897014, "subject_id": 16990734, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly accompanied by interstitial edema. More confluent basilar\n opacities may reflect dependent edema, but aspiration and infectious pneumonia\n should also be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Prominence of the pulmonary vasculature and increased interstitial markings\n likely represent mild to moderate pulmonary edema. There are likely small\n bilateral pleural effusions. Bibasilar opacities likely reflect dependent\n pulmonary edema. The heart remains enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16990734/s51897014/6266e2c3-8bf1b77b-26eb2bcf-8148f45c-79e5d5d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "739d1b7b-9c5282c5-0fc50435-51225722-0555d56f", "study_id": 56801939, "subject_id": 12070454, "report": "impression: Bilateral perihilar opacities could relate to pulmonary edema although\n multifocal infection is not excluded given clinical history provided. Moderate\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Perihilar opacities are seen which could be due to multifocal pneumonia given\n patient's history, underlying it edema not entirely excluded. Areas of linear\n opacity in the left mid lung and right lung base may be due to atelectasis. \n No large pleural effusion is seen. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n is chronic There is no pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is moderately\n enlarged. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12070454/s56801939/739d1b7b-9c5282c5-0fc50435-51225722-0555d56f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c27d0e8a-fa7965b8-8f8bb0e5-3f795d00-c8bc0d01", "study_id": 58449524, "subject_id": 11798066, "report": "impression: The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated. The patient is status post left\n upper lung surgery with stable postsurgical changes in the left hemithorax.\n Patchy opacities seen at the medial right lung base which may reflect an area\n of atelectasis, although pneumonia should also be considered. Clinical\n correlation is advised. No pneumothorax. No pulmonary edema. Relatively low\n lung volumes. No large effusions. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at 15 22 were submitted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11798066/s58449524/c27d0e8a-fa7965b8-8f8bb0e5-3f795d00-c8bc0d01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a683d68f-7de96a60-b78b62a9-a7bb90a7-0436e161", "study_id": 54701415, "subject_id": 10108015, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process or evidence of traumatic injury. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is no\n displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10108015/s54701415/a683d68f-7de96a60-b78b62a9-a7bb90a7-0436e161.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "507c3f3e-0260009d-a3703dc6-9b15c0ed-ee448f8d", "study_id": 55010727, "subject_id": 15970954, "report": "impression: Apparent interval increase in the right-sided apical pneumothorax and\n displacement of the posterior right fifth rib fracture compared to the prior\n exam, could be accounted for by differences in technique.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ by\n telephone at 10:20 a.m. on the day of the exam. Findings: There appears to be a slight interval increase in displacement of\n the posterior right fifth rib fracture compared to the prior exam. Again seen\n are multiple right-sided rib fractures. There appears to be slight interval\n worsening of the right apical pneumothorax compared to prior exam. There is\n stable extensive subcutaneous gas along the right side from the mid abdomen to\n the mid neck, overall unchanged compared to prior exam. There is stable mild\n cardiomegaly. Note is made of stable bibasilar atelectasis. Small left\n pleural effusion is stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15970954/s55010727/507c3f3e-0260009d-a3703dc6-9b15c0ed-ee448f8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a8169c5-b987ce18-4b05f847-dff9eecb-a8a34c64", "study_id": 56892952, "subject_id": 18615258, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. There is no pulmonary edema. Mild degenerative change is seen at the\n right acromioclavicular joint.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18615258/s56892952/8a8169c5-b987ce18-4b05f847-dff9eecb-a8a34c64.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5bc46a3-9feb5dca-a3d4c7bc-c72f854e-1a9f8c7c", "study_id": 58858590, "subject_id": 16974624, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There are bilateral chest tubes. There is an endotracheal tube, there is a\n feeding tube and there are retained pacemaker wires on the right side. These\n are all stable. A left subclavian central line is also unchanged in position.\n Small right-sided pneumothorax seen previously is no longer seen. A left\n basilar chest tube is also seen. There is persistent cardiomegaly, left\n retrocardiac opacity and mild pulmonary interstitial edema. There has been\n improved aeration of the right mid-to-lower lung field. Small bilateral\n pleural effusions are also present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16974624/s58858590/b5bc46a3-9feb5dca-a3d4c7bc-c72f854e-1a9f8c7c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbbcbba7-8cf7bca9-ecb21bf4-22b66bc8-78446252", "study_id": 53208975, "subject_id": 15235731, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of consolidation,\n effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15235731/s53208975/dbbcbba7-8cf7bca9-ecb21bf4-22b66bc8-78446252.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e5bae88-5405395d-72d58116-954fb095-633e2087", "study_id": 55201868, "subject_id": 11988172, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Possible 1.4cm retrocardiac lung nodule just anterior to the lower\n thoracic spine. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. There may be a 1.4cm retrocardiac\n nodule just anterior to the lower thoracic spine. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Calcifications of the aortic arch is again\n noted. Visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. Osseous structures are\n grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11988172/s55201868/4e5bae88-5405395d-72d58116-954fb095-633e2087.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b7e3040-7f77d39f-2798cb95-6fa6b9be-599bb13e", "study_id": 59289283, "subject_id": 12582857, "report": "impression: Mild interval improvement of left basilar atelectasis. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest demonstrates an ET tube with tip\n extending to 6 cm above the carina. Prominent cardiac silhouette is likely\n accentuated by AP technique. Dense retrocardiac opacity is redemonstrated,\n but somewhat less pronounced as compared to one day prior, which may reflect\n slight improvement in dependent atelectasis. The upper lungs remain lucent,\n consistent with moderate-to-severe emphysema correlated with prior CT. There\n is no pneumothorax. There is no right pleural effusion. A small left pleural\n effusion is present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12582857/s59289283/1b7e3040-7f77d39f-2798cb95-6fa6b9be-599bb13e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5639b8c-c7d7d714-fc1b11cd-71ef7bda-3f9af3ab", "study_id": 56134271, "subject_id": 11714071, "report": "impression: Small left base opacity is most likely atelectasis, though infection cannot be\n excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Heart size is top normal and\n mediastinal contours are stable. Small left lung base opacity is most likely\n atelectasis, though infection is not entirely excluded. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11714071/s56134271/a5639b8c-c7d7d714-fc1b11cd-71ef7bda-3f9af3ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98c98de6-28da143d-7a7069c6-30a62547-eaff7be4", "study_id": 53180463, "subject_id": 13645744, "report": "impression: No large pleural effusion. Mild cardiomegaly with mild central pulmonary\n vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Lungs are remain somewhat hyperinflated. No focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is\n mildly enlarged. Mitral annulus calcification is again seen. The aorta is\n calcified and tortuous. While there may be mild central pulmonary vascular\n engorgement, there is no overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13645744/s53180463/98c98de6-28da143d-7a7069c6-30a62547-eaff7be4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a445e7f7-4de2b178-746ed2b2-8015e781-e9b5a123", "study_id": 58570171, "subject_id": 18333592, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest were acquired. The\n lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contours are\n normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18333592/s58570171/a445e7f7-4de2b178-746ed2b2-8015e781-e9b5a123.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "884a795c-ef10d314-155ec277-10a619c7-4d8f80f2", "study_id": 56621869, "subject_id": 18688402, "report": "impression: All the monitoring and support device are unchanged in standard\n position. Stable bibasilar pleural effusion, larger to the left with LLL\n atelectasis and severe cardiomegaly. Findings: Dobbhoff tube is unchanged with tip ending in proximal gastric\n cavity. Left subclavian PICC has tip ending in upper SVC also unchanged since\n ___. Bilateral pleural effusion, larger to the left than the\n right is unchanged with associated left lower lobe atelectasis. Severe\n cardiomegaly, partially due to pericardial effusion as described in CT of\n Jannuary ___, is stable. There is no sign of vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18688402/s56621869/884a795c-ef10d314-155ec277-10a619c7-4d8f80f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6bb348e-36c83faa-370cd8bd-1356a7bf-70dfe850", "study_id": 54849566, "subject_id": 19921217, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: A PICC line has been removed. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable. There has been no definite\n change.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19921217/s54849566/f6bb348e-36c83faa-370cd8bd-1356a7bf-70dfe850.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce166e4c-b8e98867-505c867e-86d3f486-857023f9", "study_id": 51285725, "subject_id": 17909651, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. Mild streaky left lower lobe opacities likely reflect\n atelectasis but short-term followup radiographs may be helpful to exclude an\n early focus of pneumonia. If clinical suspicion for infection persists. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged, slightly decreased in size compared to the prior\n chest radiograph, allowing for differences in technique. The lungs are\n well-expanded. Mild streaky opacities in the left lower lobe likely reflect\n atelectasis. The right lung is clear. A dual lumen, accessed right chest wall\n Port-A-Cath is in place, terminating at the cavoatrial junction. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17909651/s51285725/ce166e4c-b8e98867-505c867e-86d3f486-857023f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aeaa2b8c-a6381d72-611b0175-16ad3e3b-f62ac759", "study_id": 58812800, "subject_id": 12010560, "report": "impression: Unremarkable portable chest x-ray. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear\n of consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for technique. Osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12010560/s58812800/aeaa2b8c-a6381d72-611b0175-16ad3e3b-f62ac759.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d300cfd-da3866cf-78ce67bf-0e933f77-95b5c3b7", "study_id": 52530378, "subject_id": 10521546, "report": "impression: No convincing evidence for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Left chest wall Port-A-Cath is\n seen with catheter tip extending to the mid SVC. A metallic CBD stent\n projects over the upper abdomen. Lungs appear relatively clear. No large\n effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10521546/s52530378/9d300cfd-da3866cf-78ce67bf-0e933f77-95b5c3b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7bd1cf86-c50c8699-05b0ee7f-ccdc583b-5d83850a", "study_id": 56518496, "subject_id": 11760589, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. An aortic valve replacement is\n visualized partcularly on the lateral view. The mediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is noted. The\n lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11760589/s56518496/7bd1cf86-c50c8699-05b0ee7f-ccdc583b-5d83850a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81adc15c-7f724f05-5d313899-63f298b1-8bc49508", "study_id": 50211853, "subject_id": 16867320, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Subtle left\n base opacity could be due to atelectasis although underlying pneumonia is not\n excluded the appropriate clinical setting. Left perihilar bronchial wall\n thickening. Findings: There are low lung volumes which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. \n Given this, there may be subtle left base opacity which could be due to\n atelectasis, aspiration, or early pneumonia. Left perihilar bronchial wall\n thickening is noted. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There is no pulmonary edema. \n Radiopaque feet is noted overlying the right lung base.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16867320/s50211853/81adc15c-7f724f05-5d313899-63f298b1-8bc49508.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e83f38f1-ee8692a8-ff24e5d0-4ec7d652-8ba8b14c", "study_id": 53023546, "subject_id": 11826223, "report": "impression: Small bilateral effusions with basilar opacities, likely\n atelectasis. Possible mild pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Since the prior\n exam, there are small bilateral pleural effusions with basilar opacities\n likely representing dependent atelectasis. While there is no overt edema, the\n possibility of mild interstitial edema is not excluded. There is no\n pneumothorax. Heart size cannot be assessed. The mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11826223/s53023546/e83f38f1-ee8692a8-ff24e5d0-4ec7d652-8ba8b14c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "102881ee-3532b771-b7a284f5-d9bbfd64-88cabeac", "study_id": 56702857, "subject_id": 16289064, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Dual lumen central venous catheter terminates within the proximal right\n atrium, unchanged. Heart size is normal. The aorta remains tortuous.\n Mediastinal and hilar contours are similar. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16289064/s56702857/102881ee-3532b771-b7a284f5-d9bbfd64-88cabeac.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0f580c1-37e490ca-4553ea37-1b987e6a-91b3bf89", "study_id": 51054835, "subject_id": 17454111, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged, unchanged. The aortic\n knob is calcified. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is detected. Minimal peripheral linear opacity\n within the left mid lung field may reflect an area of subsegmental\n atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen. Old right ___\n posterior rib fracture is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17454111/s51054835/f0f580c1-37e490ca-4553ea37-1b987e6a-91b3bf89.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e33b270-d67fbd1d-193ef19b-63977e9e-23dbd48f", "study_id": 58955257, "subject_id": 10247690, "report": "impression: Grossly stable large left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis. Trace\n right pleural effusion appears improved. Findings: Comparison with chest radiograph from ___, a small right effusion has\n improved. Left pleural effusion with left retrocardiac atelectasis is grossly\n unchanged. There is persistent moderate central vascular congestion. \n Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. Patient is status post median sternotomy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10247690/s58955257/8e33b270-d67fbd1d-193ef19b-63977e9e-23dbd48f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23e284e0-eacc106d-4712830d-93dee4d6-a3edca88", "study_id": 59238409, "subject_id": 15650925, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Single lead left-sided AICD is stable in position.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15650925/s59238409/23e284e0-eacc106d-4712830d-93dee4d6-a3edca88.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07890cc6-eab6d9c3-9faf00bc-09529fca-30ccbf64", "study_id": 50054358, "subject_id": 18007190, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18007190/s50054358/07890cc6-eab6d9c3-9faf00bc-09529fca-30ccbf64.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c9156d2-d4edbffb-49c731f1-b7a7cd99-a7f87d37", "study_id": 57797409, "subject_id": 17509177, "report": "impression: Left basilar opacity, likely atelectasis, mildly worsened. Suggestion of\n small left pleural effusion, similar. Findings: Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size, pulmonary vascularity. Suggestion\n of small left pleural effusion, similar. Left chest tube. Left basilar\n opacity, mildly worsened come likely atelectasis. No pneumothorax. \n Additional tubing projected over left upper quadrant. Right lung clear.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17509177/s57797409/4c9156d2-d4edbffb-49c731f1-b7a7cd99-a7f87d37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bafeb4a-d5a4d10e-9672cfc9-772bcede-22b584d9", "study_id": 51736943, "subject_id": 11658675, "report": "Portions of the left hemithorax are\n excluded from the field of view. Low lung volumes are noted with crowding of\n bronchovascular markings. The cardiac silhouette appears unchanged from ___. Bibasilar opacities are again noted which may represent atelectasis\n and scarring given patient's history of chronic aspiration; however, acute\n infectious process such as pneumonia cannot be completely excluded in the\n correct clinical setting. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11658675/s51736943/8bafeb4a-d5a4d10e-9672cfc9-772bcede-22b584d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "497705f9-354b4795-e999522e-63524f53-d063a2aa", "study_id": 52509138, "subject_id": 14730202, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Heart size is\n normal. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14730202/s52509138/497705f9-354b4795-e999522e-63524f53-d063a2aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b56b1a0f-56d48ba0-d65ab6c2-1a31c9f1-c501ddfa", "study_id": 58832682, "subject_id": 13297424, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13297424/s58832682/b56b1a0f-56d48ba0-d65ab6c2-1a31c9f1-c501ddfa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8baef570-7a368ba9-c9c7f127-60b46783-4cdc8803", "study_id": 58250233, "subject_id": 17370807, "report": "impression: Continued patchy left basilar opacity may reflect atelectasis though infection\n is not completely excluded. Status post right pneumonectomy with unchanged\n postoperative appearance of the right hemi thorax. Right PICC appears\n withdrawn now terminating in the region of the right axilla. Findings: Patient is status post right pneumonectomy with air and fluid noted in the\n right hemi thorax, similar to that seen on the prior examination. Heart size\n is difficult to assess given the postsurgical changes in the right hemi\n thorax. Mediastinal contour is similar. Streaky opacity in the left lung\n base may reflect atelectasis, though infection is not completely excluded and\n appears similar compared to the previous chest radiograph. No left lung\n consolidation is seen. There is no left-sided pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. A clip is seen within the right lateral chest wall along with\n adjacent subcutaneous emphysema. The right PICC appears to been withdrawn,\n now terminating in the region the right axilla.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17370807/s58250233/8baef570-7a368ba9-c9c7f127-60b46783-4cdc8803.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "001ee77d-1c3bd499-64e9b5dc-67634d02-c45ccec6", "study_id": 54113721, "subject_id": 13297093, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is mild left basilar atelectasis/scarring. No focal consolidation is\n seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. No overt pulmonary edema\n is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13297093/s54113721/001ee77d-1c3bd499-64e9b5dc-67634d02-c45ccec6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b4c0a26-b8d515ab-66612388-420f1b3c-8806367d", "study_id": 53490317, "subject_id": 12702912, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are well expanded and\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12702912/s53490317/9b4c0a26-b8d515ab-66612388-420f1b3c-8806367d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89e825b8-c3e78865-c18fe892-48b73dcc-d0f4727a", "study_id": 59345775, "subject_id": 15225205, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease.\n \n 2. Nodular focus at the base of the left chest, which is probably due to a\n nipple shadow. However, repeat PA view without on with nipple markers is\n suggested in order to confirm.\n \n An email regarding the follow-up recommendation was sent to the ED QA nursing\n group. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a\n nodular focus projecting over the left lower lung suggesting a nipple shadow.\n Otherwise, the lung fields appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15225205/s59345775/89e825b8-c3e78865-c18fe892-48b73dcc-d0f4727a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f0c10ef-2925fee3-de852479-ee7f6ef9-05a218e1", "study_id": 59528234, "subject_id": 15842486, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia . Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs dated ___. Since chest radiographs\n dated ___, there has been interval resolution of the right basilar\n and infrahilar opacities. Lungs are fully expanded and clear.\n Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes and pleural surfaces are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15842486/s59528234/4f0c10ef-2925fee3-de852479-ee7f6ef9-05a218e1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "723c06c5-b3907e55-44b05e2c-1d6fa23b-781d42db", "study_id": 54633074, "subject_id": 15214780, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15214780/s54633074/723c06c5-b3907e55-44b05e2c-1d6fa23b-781d42db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1446a91b-1ca0c16c-2f38159b-2f9bccb5-d1c9ed5d", "study_id": 52772458, "subject_id": 19548130, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with multifocal opacities. More severe on the\n right. Findings: Persistent diffuse right lung opacities again seen and left lower lobe\n opacities. The heart remains enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. Central line\n in SVC. .", "image_path": [ "p19/p19548130/s52772458/1446a91b-1ca0c16c-2f38159b-2f9bccb5-d1c9ed5d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "19bd2fea-91e85207-e407fe0e-1fc6ecf4-5288515e", "study_id": 53888065, "subject_id": 12839116, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: The heart size appears mildly enlarged. Opacity within the right\n cardiomediastinal contour likely reflects prominent epicardial fat and is\n unchanged from the prior radiograph from ___. Aortic knob\n calcifications are noted. The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise\n unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities. Partially imaged are clips within the right neck.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12839116/s53888065/19bd2fea-91e85207-e407fe0e-1fc6ecf4-5288515e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ffeb7879-1f2b0a20-ec6c8c49-83dc53bd-5b32f15f", "study_id": 55419486, "subject_id": 11247917, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the Port-A-Cath is in\n unchanged position on both the frontal and the lateral radiographs. No\n evidence of pneumothorax or other complications. Status post vertebroplasty. \n No pleural effusions. No pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. Normal size of the\n cardiac silhouette with tortuosity of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11247917/s55419486/ffeb7879-1f2b0a20-ec6c8c49-83dc53bd-5b32f15f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5672a8f6-9ab07a14-cb1fa659-bb5862ef-8a365fd2", "study_id": 55234911, "subject_id": 13253051, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13253051/s55234911/5672a8f6-9ab07a14-cb1fa659-bb5862ef-8a365fd2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bfd4fbe-49c18dbe-85b9b787-b1b7e0aa-b55610c9", "study_id": 56801729, "subject_id": 18408728, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well- expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. Bony structures\n are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18408728/s56801729/8bfd4fbe-49c18dbe-85b9b787-b1b7e0aa-b55610c9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b71b4a32-3297a222-a78b18e3-465d7f60-a502754a", "study_id": 51532459, "subject_id": 15357498, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe consolidation concerning for pneumonia with\n associated pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate left lower\n lobe consolidation and effusion concerning for pneumonia. There is a\n relatively clear appearance of the right lung. The heart is top-normal in\n size. The mediastinal contour is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15357498/s51532459/b71b4a32-3297a222-a78b18e3-465d7f60-a502754a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb15f464-03bf4781-3c2a7358-b4459c44-f17df772", "study_id": 51177175, "subject_id": 18139479, "report": "impression: Coarse linear opacity in the left lower lung which may represent\n early pneumonia, recent aspiration or bronchitis. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 5 cm above the carina. There is a\n coarse linear opacity in the left lower lung. The right lung is clear. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18139479/s51177175/bb15f464-03bf4781-3c2a7358-b4459c44-f17df772.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79fbeb63-d49fa5ea-39c4610b-c40010ef-ec4ab0db", "study_id": 52076184, "subject_id": 15809809, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. An eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. The heart and mediastinal contours are stable and\n normal. The imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15809809/s52076184/79fbeb63-d49fa5ea-39c4610b-c40010ef-ec4ab0db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62cf9188-ea79e0aa-9236504c-c4206bd7-04bd309e", "study_id": 50110462, "subject_id": 19371972, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.\n \n Unchanged chronic appearing left rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19371972/s50110462/62cf9188-ea79e0aa-9236504c-c4206bd7-04bd309e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2c892ac-f7e943db-b1bf535c-f6b7bb73-88348d5d", "study_id": 53969880, "subject_id": 11522912, "report": "impression: 1. Partial left lung opacification, concerning for subtotal left lung collapse\n that is most likely due to mucus plugging.\n 2. Worsen right juxta-hilar opacity, likely atelectasis however aspiration\n pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n 3. Bilateral pleural effusions, left worse than right. Findings: AP view of the chest provided.\n \n There is near total opacification of the left lung, with residual right upper\n lobe aeration. There is no contralateral shift of mediastinal structures.\n Altogether, these findings are concerning for partially collapsed left lung\n that is most likely due to mucus plugging. There is additional moderate amount\n of layering pleural effusion on the left.\n \n Compared to prior study, the right juxta-hilar region opacity appears much\n worse, likely reflective of atelectasis however aspiration pneumonia is also\n certainly a possibility. There is a small to moderate amount of pleural\n effusion on the right.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11522912/s53969880/a2c892ac-f7e943db-b1bf535c-f6b7bb73-88348d5d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "666be471-1e14d003-62bfa1bd-7f6fb152-981ad464", "study_id": 59786092, "subject_id": 16995689, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung\n volumes without pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar\n and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is\n no pulmonary edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16995689/s59786092/666be471-1e14d003-62bfa1bd-7f6fb152-981ad464.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29786132-5fe68707-15f0f598-b2a2fa1d-7ad3cbaf", "study_id": 53290817, "subject_id": 14909542, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. Tiny osteophytes are noted along the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14909542/s53290817/29786132-5fe68707-15f0f598-b2a2fa1d-7ad3cbaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38fa88b3-b1a11728-9e5b7310-15623ec8-a27afda6", "study_id": 59812684, "subject_id": 14806642, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14806642/s59812684/38fa88b3-b1a11728-9e5b7310-15623ec8-a27afda6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b9ef7e8-02bb8865-20a82b20-1d4cb6dd-e073da32", "study_id": 50649762, "subject_id": 19607985, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube, nasogastric tube, and left subclavian central line are\n unchanged in position. Incidental note is made of an azygos lobe. There are\n small layering effusions with patchy opacity at the right base suggestive of\n atelectasis. There is improved aeration at the left base. A minimally\n displaced fracture of the right posterior third rib is again seen. Overall\n cardiac and mediastinal contours are unchanged. No pneumothorax. Findings: Portable erect chest film ___ at 428 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19607985/s50649762/8b9ef7e8-02bb8865-20a82b20-1d4cb6dd-e073da32.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de0ad7ce-a06f5339-89c34a7f-a1c9c85b-74a29a26", "study_id": 55907821, "subject_id": 13809932, "report": "impression: No PICC visualized. Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or new thorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable. No\n PICC is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13809932/s55907821/de0ad7ce-a06f5339-89c34a7f-a1c9c85b-74a29a26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b778ac7e-fc495227-d53582aa-29abf34d-a63feab0", "study_id": 58985733, "subject_id": 18865972, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube, 2.2 cm above the carina, should not be advanced\n further. Basal atelectasis. Findings: Portable supine chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are low\n in volume giving the appearance of bronchovascular crowding, and there is\n relatively mild basal atelectasis. Endotracheal tube is 2.2 cm above the\n carina and should not be advanced further. Nasogastric tube courses into the\n stomach. The heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar\n contours.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18865972/s58985733/b778ac7e-fc495227-d53582aa-29abf34d-a63feab0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f72b5b41-e26cdc9e-9dfd600c-0c80d523-29788853", "study_id": 52034981, "subject_id": 12080183, "report": "impression: Limited study due to low lung volumes. Cardiomegaly without\n evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable in size. Pulmonary\n vascularity is within normal limits allowing for accentuation by low lung\n volumes. No focal areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and\n there are no definite pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12080183/s52034981/f72b5b41-e26cdc9e-9dfd600c-0c80d523-29788853.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "455c5f23-03c67377-47aabbb9-5e35dc8e-f396a4d4", "study_id": 51070791, "subject_id": 12636897, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified. Radiopaque linear density projects over the upper\n abdomen on the lateral view, uncertain whether is internal or external and\n clinical correlation suggested.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12636897/s51070791/455c5f23-03c67377-47aabbb9-5e35dc8e-f396a4d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f4840ef-adebf8f6-6f4fdf2c-778b8a37-0b652cae", "study_id": 54352351, "subject_id": 15909860, "report": "impression: Minor basilar atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n minor bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top normal with\n left ventricular configuration. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15909860/s54352351/0f4840ef-adebf8f6-6f4fdf2c-778b8a37-0b652cae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f096496-11776dbf-d93ed00e-45b0ad55-2ef4c659", "study_id": 55304154, "subject_id": 10141559, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Electronic device appears\n implanted in the chest wall projecting over the left heart border. Lungs are\n clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is Stable. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10141559/s55304154/8f096496-11776dbf-d93ed00e-45b0ad55-2ef4c659.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdc06adc-249e2f4e-5dba484a-e7bcd74c-fd431b5f", "study_id": 51029541, "subject_id": 17662996, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, left greater than right, are minimally improved from the\n prior study. Recommend followup chest radiograph in 4 weeks and if not fully\n resolved at that time, consider CT evaluation of the chest. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Subtle bibasilar opacities are again seen\n and are minimally improved from the prior study. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17662996/s51029541/bdc06adc-249e2f4e-5dba484a-e7bcd74c-fd431b5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cc1905f-5fd8ce33-4d46dccb-38ae5e0e-7ecc8688", "study_id": 50495534, "subject_id": 16437473, "report": "impression: Streaky bibasilar opacities, slightly progressed on the left. Findings may\n reflect left lower lobe atelectasis or infection superimposed upon chronic\n bibasilar scarring. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal. Streaky opacities are demonstrated within both lower lobes, more\n so on the left. While prior exams did demonstrate bibasilar opacities, the\n opacity within the left lung base appears to have progressed. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16437473/s50495534/0cc1905f-5fd8ce33-4d46dccb-38ae5e0e-7ecc8688.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5400239-ba4bcbb8-33b45fcf-79f0996f-e61c0083", "study_id": 56387131, "subject_id": 17354170, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Lungs appear clear. Slight degenerative changes are noted\n along the mid thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17354170/s56387131/d5400239-ba4bcbb8-33b45fcf-79f0996f-e61c0083.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aef794cc-2bd3032d-3749bb00-1ae05887-1c090a6d", "study_id": 53288044, "subject_id": 16388704, "report": "impression: Following repositioning, the right PICC line tip now ends\n approximately 3.2 cm below the carina, which is in the lower SVC/cavoatrial\n junction. Findings: Since prior radiograph, the right PICC line has been repositioned and now the\n tip ends approximately 3-3.2 cm below the carina in the lower SVC/cavoatrial\n junction. Tiny left pleural effusion is unchanged. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. No pleural abnormality on the\n right side. There are no other interval changes in the lung.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16388704/s53288044/aef794cc-2bd3032d-3749bb00-1ae05887-1c090a6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14da7eeb-b074b3da-d42c9fcb-311c72a1-f5570d31", "study_id": 56592962, "subject_id": 18529984, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Again seen is elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Again seen is elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm. No acute osseous abnormality detected. Surgical clips seen in\n the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18529984/s56592962/14da7eeb-b074b3da-d42c9fcb-311c72a1-f5570d31.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "264f1169-c896b77a-8cfd4a44-b342953d-d232cbc8", "study_id": 57772078, "subject_id": 16482395, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe and lingular consolidations concerning for multifocal\n pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. There is increased opacity in the right lower lung, likely the\n right middle lobe as well as in left lower lung concerning for lingular\n process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16482395/s57772078/264f1169-c896b77a-8cfd4a44-b342953d-d232cbc8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8222faef-a8d9460d-0862c2b2-1fdb8b1a-93f73d21", "study_id": 51578095, "subject_id": 18322831, "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lower lung likely reflects a combination of\n layering pleural fluid and atelectasis, infection cannot be excluded.\n \n The heart is not enlarged. Findings: In comparison to chest radiograph from ___, there has been interval\n removal right-sided PICC line. More conspicuous in comparison to prior\n radiograph is hazy airspace opacity occupying much of the lower right lobe. \n This likely reflect a combination of layering pleural fluid, atelectasis but\n infection cannot be excluded. Left lower lung subtle airspace opacification\n may represent crowding of bronchovascular structures and basilar atelectasis\n in the setting of low lung volumes. The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. The bilateral hila are unremarkable. There is no evidence of\n pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no\n evidence of left pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18322831/s51578095/8222faef-a8d9460d-0862c2b2-1fdb8b1a-93f73d21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06d7a45a-5a8f319d-52a7bdf8-e485ba93-07a14192", "study_id": 53886721, "subject_id": 12648465, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Patchy opacities are noted in the lung\n bases without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n identified. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Surgical clips are\n seen at the gastroesophageal junction. No subdiaphragmatic free air is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12648465/s53886721/06d7a45a-5a8f319d-52a7bdf8-e485ba93-07a14192.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2defa44a-9e9034af-f4e9c350-a241ebda-dd47b423", "study_id": 54839579, "subject_id": 15825991, "report": "impression: Patchy opacity in the right lower lobe could represent\n atelectasis, though infection is not excluded. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. A pectus deformity is present. Patchy opacity in\n the right lower lobe could represent atelectasis though infection is not\n excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is definitively noted. \n Vascularity is not engorged. Old left-sided fourth rib fracture is present. \n The patient is status post bilateral mastectomies with bilateral drains noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15825991/s54839579/2defa44a-9e9034af-f4e9c350-a241ebda-dd47b423.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "518159fb-67840d75-c9d3150c-1972106c-3e03d017", "study_id": 56660716, "subject_id": 13916391, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are well expanded\n and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal\n in size.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13916391/s56660716/518159fb-67840d75-c9d3150c-1972106c-3e03d017.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24707c47-4ed9e92d-bf4d23f7-32f9a046-ab4c7a0b", "study_id": 55948852, "subject_id": 19270107, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable with the cardiac\n silhouette top normal. Hilar contours are also stable and unremarkable. No\n displaced fracture is seen. Minimal degenerative changes are noted along the\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19270107/s55948852/24707c47-4ed9e92d-bf4d23f7-32f9a046-ab4c7a0b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f41d17f1-5238e9bb-61936b55-ead377fa-3642d71c", "study_id": 59505844, "subject_id": 13453792, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. No lung parenchymal abnormalities. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette. Normal appearance of the hilar and mediastinal structures. No\n pleural effusions.\n \n Suspicion of aortic dissection is best confirmed or ruled out with CT\n angiography.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453792/s59505844/f41d17f1-5238e9bb-61936b55-ead377fa-3642d71c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac8b3f3e-21ac4180-f56451bf-ae6e1598-c4204487", "study_id": 54285141, "subject_id": 17715144, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart size is normal. The hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17715144/s54285141/ac8b3f3e-21ac4180-f56451bf-ae6e1598-c4204487.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc488c63-f7ba7c32-cafc8f1f-e18b3704-7ce9c154", "study_id": 59681718, "subject_id": 16182020, "report": "impression: Severe hyperexpansion may reflect small airways obstruction or emphysema. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the hemidiaphragms and increase\n in the retrosternal space. The heart is not enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is no airspace opacity to suggest pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16182020/s59681718/cc488c63-f7ba7c32-cafc8f1f-e18b3704-7ce9c154.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5abc87f3-233adc3e-8632c4bf-1448434e-af10b5f9", "study_id": 53797046, "subject_id": 15647485, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are hyper-expanded and clear aside from a small, stable region of\n lingular atelectasis adjoining the left heart border. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette, hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are otherwise normal. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There is mild bilateral\n acromioclavicular osteoarthritis.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15647485/s53797046/5abc87f3-233adc3e-8632c4bf-1448434e-af10b5f9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "190f8b37-b01f3c2b-2ad2c97d-83efb4ea-1c79946b", "study_id": 59113694, "subject_id": 19509694, "report": "impression: Chronic parenchymal changes which have persisted and have not\n significantly changed since ___ and are likely chronic. No definite\n superimposed process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. When compared to multiple\n prior exams, there has been no significant interval change and interstitial\n opacities most notably at the lung bases. More spiculated opacity in the\n right upper lung is also seen. When compared to remote priors this has not\n significantly changed and is most suggestive of a chronic process. There is\n no definite superimposed consolidation. There is no effusion. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is again seen and unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19509694/s59113694/190f8b37-b01f3c2b-2ad2c97d-83efb4ea-1c79946b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "56f165a7-67c44fc4-2fa36859-81cbb819-09383876", "study_id": 50637657, "subject_id": 14724886, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Median sternotomy wires are intact. Healed right-sided rib fractures are\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14724886/s50637657/56f165a7-67c44fc4-2fa36859-81cbb819-09383876.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "210f2b5d-920a0c42-23a32108-de1e96d8-efa45b65", "study_id": 56856967, "subject_id": 16312465, "report": "impression: COPD and mild cardiomegaly. No CHF, focal infiltrate or acute\n pulmonary process identified. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and the diaphragms are flattened, consistent with\n COPD. There is mild cardiomegaly. There is possible minimal upper zone\n redistribution, without other evidence of CHF. No gross effusion is detected.\n Minimal linear atelectasis or scarring is noted in one of the lower zones,\n question on the right. \n \n A right-sided indwelling Port-A-Cath type catheter is present, with tip over\n the right atrium in the region of the SVC/RA junction. Incidental note is\n made of an intramedullary rod transfixing an un-united transverse fracture of\n the left mid humerus.\n \n Multilevel degenerative changes noted in the visualized portion of the spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16312465/s56856967/210f2b5d-920a0c42-23a32108-de1e96d8-efa45b65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f55a4249-51d00737-191512fc-0c27f5f6-252f4b1a", "study_id": 59573673, "subject_id": 17281190, "report": "impression: 1. Marked cardiomegaly is similar to the prior film, allowing for differences\n in positioning.\n 2. Multifocal opacities most pronounced in the right upper and left lower\n zones again noted, non-specific, but compatible with pneumonic infiltrates. \n Equivocal new area of patchy opacity at the left upper zone.\n 3. Although there may be small bilateral effusions, the difference, if any, is\n minimal.\n 4. No definite superimposed CHF. Findings: Lordotic positioning. Again seen is marked cardiomegaly. Allowing for\n technical differences, this is probably similar to the prior study. \n Crescentic opacity adjacent to the right heart border may correspond to the\n thickened inferior portion of the right hilum seen on the prior study. \n Allowing for technical differences between the 2 films, again seen is some\n patchy opacity in the right upper zone and possibly some increased\n retrocardiac opacity. No definite interval change is seen in these areas. \n Equivocal new focal opacity in the left upper zone. No overt consolidation is\n identified.\n \n A small left effusion is present is likely present. Possible minimal blunting\n of the right costophrenic angle, but no gross right effusion is seen.\n \n Again seen is an enteric tube extending beneath the diaphragm off the film and\n a right subclavian PICC line tip near cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17281190/s59573673/f55a4249-51d00737-191512fc-0c27f5f6-252f4b1a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ea1ead7-5a749d1e-85831b99-e40acc0e-17b448f1", "study_id": 58924128, "subject_id": 15439881, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease or free air. Findings: The heart is borderline in size. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No free air is identified. A Port-A-Cath terminates in the\n upper superior vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15439881/s58924128/3ea1ead7-5a749d1e-85831b99-e40acc0e-17b448f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d2aeab13-2c2d3b50-ecb2e789-29ea0fba-d5d1730a", "study_id": 50989552, "subject_id": 17610521, "report": "impression: Left PICC terminating at the lower SVC. Findings: A left PICC terminates at the lower SVC. The heart size is enlarged. There\n is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation. Moderate\n degenerate changes are again demonstrated throughout the thoracic spine,\n including multilevel bridging osteophytes. Extensive coronary vascular\n calcifications are incidentally noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17610521/s50989552/d2aeab13-2c2d3b50-ecb2e789-29ea0fba-d5d1730a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "90d8d3ba-0d1a8004-38460296-125d18e0-f0bd969a", "study_id": 53759022, "subject_id": 17071231, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or edema. There is a\n suspected hiatal hernia. Calcific nodule projects over the right scapula,\n between the posterior right sixth and seventh ribs, of doubtful clinical\n significance. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17071231/s53759022/90d8d3ba-0d1a8004-38460296-125d18e0-f0bd969a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c9c88c0-10c41b09-14d331de-3b625a3b-879fe203", "study_id": 53002797, "subject_id": 12232105, "report": "impression: 1. Interval extubation. Bibasilar consolidation and pleural effusions are\n unchanged.\n \n 2. Right superior mediastinal mass is likely a retrosternal goiter as seen\n on prior CT chest from ___. Findings: ET tube has been removed. Right PICC terminates in mid SVC. Bilateral pleural\n effusion is small and unchanged. Bibasilar consolidation is greater on the\n left, also unchanged. Right superior mediastinal mass is likely a\n retrosternal goiter as seen on prior CT chest from ___.\n Left shoulder prosthesis is noted. Severe degenerative changes of the right\n glenohumeral joint is noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12232105/s53002797/7c9c88c0-10c41b09-14d331de-3b625a3b-879fe203.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2f87b1a-8e6f16b4-08f9711c-8f841ccd-4d2381b8", "study_id": 50703031, "subject_id": 13894174, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Increased\n opacity in the right middle lobe is a pneumonia. The remainder of the lungs\n are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894174/s50703031/a2f87b1a-8e6f16b4-08f9711c-8f841ccd-4d2381b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2eaf349a-7534190d-ced3536d-d311fee4-8e73688a", "study_id": 58395835, "subject_id": 13502274, "report": "impression: Crescentic opacity in the left mid lung is likely atalectasis but\n should be followed up with chest radiograph. \n \n Updated results were telephoned by ___ to ___ at 9:15 am,\n ___, 45 minutes after discovery. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. An opacity in the left mid lung is\n crescentic in shape. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. There is a healed right rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13502274/s58395835/2eaf349a-7534190d-ced3536d-d311fee4-8e73688a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4373457c-8d816598-45d9f111-b203301b-d47e79d1", "study_id": 59613716, "subject_id": 10533554, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n right pleural catheter. There is substantial decrease in extent of the\n pre-existing pleural fluid collection. Small collection persists at the bases\n of the right hemithorax. Associated atelectasis is also seen. Minimal left\n pleural effusion is unchanged. Unchanged appearance of the cardiac\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10533554/s59613716/4373457c-8d816598-45d9f111-b203301b-d47e79d1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62b77a29-c4f501af-02ba1b56-05c2df0b-2a9df2bd", "study_id": 50463286, "subject_id": 18934238, "report": "impression: Interval advancement of the NG tube and apparent removal of the ET tube. Findings: The NG tube appears to have been advanced slightly compared with the prior\n film and is now curled in the fundus. The NG tube and sideport as overlie the\n gastric fundus. Because the distal portion of the tube is curved, the tip\n points toward the region of the GE junction,\n \n The lung apices are excluded from the film, which he is centered at the\n diaphragms to better depict the NG tube.\n \n Allowing for this, the ET tube has been removed. Otherwise, I doubt\n significant change. Again seen is a left-sided central line with tip over\n distal SVC; prominent platelike atelectasis at the right lung base with? trace\n right effusion; can a small left effusion, with left lower lobe collapse\n and/or consolidation. Skin ___ over the upper abdomen near the midline can\n residual oral contrast in the left splenic flexure are also again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18934238/s50463286/62b77a29-c4f501af-02ba1b56-05c2df0b-2a9df2bd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "859c606c-40042d0a-f8e05808-bfab48da-7e76dbe0", "study_id": 50167084, "subject_id": 14078931, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiac silhouette\n and hyperinflated lungs with elevation of the hila. There appears to be\n biapical scarring, but no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14078931/s50167084/859c606c-40042d0a-f8e05808-bfab48da-7e76dbe0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d72a6c5-94e9aec4-ccf95b15-c3f4c53e-a157bd89", "study_id": 54127022, "subject_id": 18491560, "report": "impression: Apparent mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette in comparison to the prior\n examination, which does not correlate with CT from same date. Otherwise no\n acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged, which does not correlate with CT\n from same date. No definite focal consolidation or large pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18491560/s54127022/0d72a6c5-94e9aec4-ccf95b15-c3f4c53e-a157bd89.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbdfddcc-3ef9103b-5a2065e9-95a46da0-7c6e01ee", "study_id": 53053849, "subject_id": 15643451, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Tortuosity of the descending thoracic\n aorta is noted. Bilateral shoulder arthroplasties is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15643451/s53053849/fbdfddcc-3ef9103b-5a2065e9-95a46da0-7c6e01ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab4f8250-8d5164b6-e7c18656-58dc1255-ac057188", "study_id": 53806649, "subject_id": 11362126, "report": "impression: Significant improvement of left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: There has been a significant improvement of left lower lobe pneumonia. There\n are only some residual opacities at costodiaphragmatic sulcus. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. NG tube is in adequate position. Right\n jugular line has been removed.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11362126/s53806649/ab4f8250-8d5164b6-e7c18656-58dc1255-ac057188.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c36309e4-d876a180-e6605b99-19dba66b-a994361b", "study_id": 55932761, "subject_id": 17932276, "report": "impression: Low bilateral lung volumes with mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Low bilateral lung volumes with pulmonary vascular congestion. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax identified. The size of the cardiac silhouette is\n within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17932276/s55932761/c36309e4-d876a180-e6605b99-19dba66b-a994361b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20c86d82-36f6a6b4-949d72e2-d8e1150c-a088a0a4", "study_id": 51945842, "subject_id": 19670384, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart is top-normal in size. There is no focal consolidation. There is\n no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Bilateral shoulder prostheses are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19670384/s51945842/20c86d82-36f6a6b4-949d72e2-d8e1150c-a088a0a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46d893a7-2fdc839d-a7d9cb7f-909d336e-6ab5430c", "study_id": 59547360, "subject_id": 12707202, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal and the lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. There are mild degenerative changes\n noted within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12707202/s59547360/46d893a7-2fdc839d-a7d9cb7f-909d336e-6ab5430c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9693f23a-17a8a1ab-e897731c-c1ea607f-de84ba79", "study_id": 56024178, "subject_id": 15874847, "report": "Cardiac size stable. There is again seen extensive pleural disease\n with fibrosis and thickening at bilateral apices. There is volume loss on the\n left, unchanged. There is no new pulmonary mass or nodule. There is stable\n blunting of the costophrenic angles which may be on the basis of pleural\n thickening. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the visualized bony\n thorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15874847/s56024178/9693f23a-17a8a1ab-e897731c-c1ea607f-de84ba79.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b72ed0ee-1229f7b1-19fe2032-9b0d5398-fcf702c1", "study_id": 51419663, "subject_id": 14717248, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs, heart, mediastinal,\n hilar, and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n No evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14717248/s51419663/b72ed0ee-1229f7b1-19fe2032-9b0d5398-fcf702c1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae86a01c-ff91ae9e-f9ff01d9-67c553c3-67e028ae", "study_id": 52372387, "subject_id": 14925000, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bibasilar atelectasis and small effusions, unchanged.\n 2. No pneumothorax appreciated. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis and small bilateral pleural effusions persist. No\n definite pneumothorax is appreciated. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.\n Multiple rib fractures and lower thoracic spine compression deformities are\n better evaluated on the recent CT scan.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14925000/s52372387/ae86a01c-ff91ae9e-f9ff01d9-67c553c3-67e028ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "117d5cb5-2a2862fc-57d11ce9-7e8061b7-0c972080", "study_id": 56076335, "subject_id": 12997545, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: In comparison to the prior study of ___, there is no substantial\n change. Severe thoracic scoliosis is again noted and cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. A 7 mm calcified nodule projecting over the right lower\n lung is stable dating back to ___, likely a granuloma. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Age indeterminate\n compression deformities in the lower thoracic spine have progressed since\n ___.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12997545/s56076335/117d5cb5-2a2862fc-57d11ce9-7e8061b7-0c972080.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "188a9a85-9612e5c5-d2689d20-c9113767-135a673b", "study_id": 51512266, "subject_id": 18185020, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lung volumes are low. The\n cardiac silhouette size appears mildly enlarged but stable. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unchanged. There is crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures, but no overt pulmonary edema is present. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. There are multilevel\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine with anterior osteophyte formation.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18185020/s51512266/188a9a85-9612e5c5-d2689d20-c9113767-135a673b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdd20b2c-af8a4c4c-d40328ff-1460968f-56898e9c", "study_id": 54827256, "subject_id": 17293450, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube terminates 5.3 cm above the level the carina. Enteric tube\n courses below the diaphragm, out of the field view.\n \n Low lung volumes accentuates the vascular markings, however, bilateral\n perihilar alveolar opacities raise concern for developing pulmonary edema,\n underlying aspiration not excluded. Findings: Interval placement of an endotracheal tube terminates approximately 5.3 cm\n above the level of the carina. Enteric tube courses below the diaphragm, out\n of the field of view. There are low lung volumes, which accentuate the\n bronchovascular markings, however, bilateral perihilar highly areolar\n opacities raise concern for developing pulmonary edema. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n grossly stable given differences in patient position and inspiration.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17293450/s54827256/bdd20b2c-af8a4c4c-d40328ff-1460968f-56898e9c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d3c28dd-baf5ca82-18b91b84-96a92eab-b6020da5", "study_id": 50263975, "subject_id": 11455001, "report": "impression: New left lower lobe consolidation. Pneumonia or aspiration has to be\n considered as shown in CT scan. Findings: As shown in the CT scan, there are new left lower lobe consolidation. There\n is also bibasilar atelectasis and mild bilateral pleural effusion. \n Endotracheal tube ends 2.9 cm above carina. Right subclavian line is in lower\n SVC. There is no pneumothorax. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11455001/s50263975/9d3c28dd-baf5ca82-18b91b84-96a92eab-b6020da5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92a89674-6d801d0f-3810cd5f-4008be73-855a887f", "study_id": 58813510, "subject_id": 18692441, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Calcified pleural plaques. Findings: Lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is notable for a\n tortuous aorta unchanged from the previous exam. Eventration of the left\n hemidiaphraph is noted. Calcified pleural plaques are present. Mild\n degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18692441/s58813510/92a89674-6d801d0f-3810cd5f-4008be73-855a887f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8877e44d-e65d3735-d23daaf8-62a4d4eb-1c3d2587", "study_id": 50256520, "subject_id": 19272196, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are low lung\n volumes which accentuate the transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette in\n this patient with intact midline sternal wires from previous CABG procedure. \n Single-lead pacer extends to the region of the apex of the right ventricle. \n Mild retrocardiac atelectatic changes.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19272196/s50256520/8877e44d-e65d3735-d23daaf8-62a4d4eb-1c3d2587.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "053e397c-86cfce0c-b2b03d35-3e7c6d84-2a16f90b", "study_id": 58252251, "subject_id": 17763725, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. The\n lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17763725/s58252251/053e397c-86cfce0c-b2b03d35-3e7c6d84-2a16f90b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "495daa43-66652cc3-ae93a237-96c8a78e-a26ea0b4", "study_id": 55316875, "subject_id": 19809456, "report": "There is a markedly tortuous thoracic\n aorta with a metallic stent graft in situ. There is no evidence for stent\n migration or fracture. Aortic silhouette is no larger. The heart is\n moderately enlarged but unchanged. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19809456/s55316875/495daa43-66652cc3-ae93a237-96c8a78e-a26ea0b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49601412-05e22e01-735b60fc-e72d0cd1-31aeace6", "study_id": 57356842, "subject_id": 18088228, "report": "impression: Subtle opacities in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe may reflect\n infectious process, in the correct clinical setting. Recommend correlation\n for fever and leukocytosis. Findings: There are subtle opacities in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe, which\n may reflect infection in the correct clinical setting. No pleural effusions\n or pneumothorax. No pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes\n are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088228/s57356842/49601412-05e22e01-735b60fc-e72d0cd1-31aeace6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2df2d8cf-b6e56335-04f54c2b-0b9ebab2-0387bdfd", "study_id": 53301581, "subject_id": 10723086, "report": "There is severe chronic cardiomegaly. Opacity at the right lung base is\n unchanged. The left lung base is clear. Given extraordinarily limited\n evaluation, dictated by patient size, chest CT could be considered if\n technically feasible.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10723086/s53301581/2df2d8cf-b6e56335-04f54c2b-0b9ebab2-0387bdfd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a21300d-17a784ff-9aa84088-9f237197-af75c841", "study_id": 51179511, "subject_id": 16969063, "report": "New right internal jugular vascular catheter terminates in the\n proximal superior vena cava, with no visible pneumothorax. Tip of\n endotracheal tube terminates about 5.4 cm above the carina, and appears to\n abut the lateral wall of the trachea, but patient's rotation may contribute to\n this apparent finding. Tip of nasogastric tube terminates within the stomach.\n Worsening atelectasis is present involving the right lower lobe and part of\n the right middle lobe, concerning for mucus plugging involving the bronchus\n intermedius. Left lung is clear except for minimal linear atelectasis at the\n left base.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16969063/s51179511/0a21300d-17a784ff-9aa84088-9f237197-af75c841.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a68924c8-d8efa698-26c8dcc1-a21ed6c2-c4401330", "study_id": 51048001, "subject_id": 11662302, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11662302/s51048001/a68924c8-d8efa698-26c8dcc1-a21ed6c2-c4401330.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d848ceda-2821fe30-8c50c889-bdbc998a-c6dc321b", "study_id": 53923692, "subject_id": 12128863, "report": "impression: Tip of intra-aortic balloon pump position slightly higher than\n study from 1.5 hours earlier, now approximately 4.5 cm below the aortic arch. Findings: A portable semi-upright AP chest radiograph excludes the lung\n apices. All lobes remain aerated, with some left retrocardiac consolidation\n persisting. The tip of the intra-aortic balloon pump projects slightly higher\n than seen on the study from an hour and a half earlier, now approximately 4.5\n cm below the aortic arch. Swan-Ganz catheter tip extending from right\n internal jugular vein is directed towards the right main pulmonary outflow\n tract. The tip of the nasogastric tube is only just below the\n gastroesophageal junction and could be advanced. Chest tubes appear in\n unchanged position. The tip of what appears to be an endotracheal tube is\n just included in the view of the film and also appears unchanged compared to\n the earlier study.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12128863/s53923692/d848ceda-2821fe30-8c50c889-bdbc998a-c6dc321b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb463bda-20ce7136-1922e14a-a0cfb552-9ab68b22", "study_id": 51065259, "subject_id": 14842402, "report": "impression: 1. Satisfactory positioning of the endotracheal tube.\n \n 2. Nasogastric tube tip ends in the stomach, with the last side port above\n the GE junction. This should be advanced prior to use.\n \n 3. Opacity in the left base likely represents aspiration. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates well expanded\n lungs. An area of opacity of left base likely represents aspiration.\n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pneumothorax,\n pleural effusion, or consolidation.\n \n Right-sided internal jugular central venous line ends in the upper SVC.\n Endotracheal tube ends 4 cm from the carina. Nasogastric tube tip ends in the\n stomach, with the last side port above the GE junction.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14842402/s51065259/cb463bda-20ce7136-1922e14a-a0cfb552-9ab68b22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "392fb2db-8b438053-7678c5ce-b04dbfbe-2826f1ad", "study_id": 59284540, "subject_id": 16889934, "report": "impression: Interval progression in pulmonary opacity concerning for\n progression of pneumonia with possible superimposed edema. Bilateral\n pulmonary nodules, better assessed on prior exam. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. There has\n been interval worsening in diffuse airspace opacity as compared with the prior\n radiograph from ___, which is compatible with interval progression of\n pneumonia, possibly with superimposed edema. Several nodules, better assessed\n on prior CT are once again seen. No large effusion or pneumothorax. Heart\n size cannot be assessed. Mediastinal contour appears grossly stable. Bony\n structures appear unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16889934/s59284540/392fb2db-8b438053-7678c5ce-b04dbfbe-2826f1ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7d92dd4-53fa2a6d-e1d75a20-45d793d1-9bc2f4a1", "study_id": 53849698, "subject_id": 13234429, "report": "impression: Marked improvement of vascular congestion Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are stable with widening of the mediastinum and\n moderate to severe cardiomegaly. Pulmonary edema has markedly improved. There\n is no pneumothorax. Bilateral effusions have decreased now very small. \n Sternal wires are aligned", "image_path": [ "p13/p13234429/s53849698/c7d92dd4-53fa2a6d-e1d75a20-45d793d1-9bc2f4a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e103cd7-58602bb4-b0a50d86-22457f4e-1a434fe0", "study_id": 52587509, "subject_id": 10878658, "report": "impression: Central pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema.\n \n Mildly prominent superior mediastinum may relate AP technique and low lung\n volumes. If clinical concern for acute mediastinal process, consider CT. Findings: There relatively low lung volumes. No definite focal consolidation is seen. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is\n top-normal to mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are slightly prominent\n which may relate to AP technique with low lung volumes. There is central\n pulmonary vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10878658/s52587509/2e103cd7-58602bb4-b0a50d86-22457f4e-1a434fe0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8db69f3b-3828fcc6-2fd9ea56-9daaadb8-6c57bf18", "study_id": 59740270, "subject_id": 17739871, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Old bilateral rib fractures\n seen. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are relatively hyperinflated. There are chronic-appearing deformities along\n the right chest wall including multiple old right posterior rib fractures. \n Evidence of old left-sided rib fractures is also seen. There is minimal left\n base atelectasis. No focal consolidation or pleural effusion is seen. There\n is no evidence of pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Some degenerative changes are seen along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17739871/s59740270/8db69f3b-3828fcc6-2fd9ea56-9daaadb8-6c57bf18.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35abebb5-91f650a5-cb798d9d-cd92e8de-322ff806", "study_id": 58949742, "subject_id": 16427239, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is slightly enlarged with\n left ventricular enlargement. Hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is no convincing evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16427239/s58949742/35abebb5-91f650a5-cb798d9d-cd92e8de-322ff806.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "714046cc-da0c0256-ec82731b-8bfbd9e9-6eb03813", "study_id": 57293808, "subject_id": 18319984, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Mediastinal\n clips and median sternotomy wires are noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18319984/s57293808/714046cc-da0c0256-ec82731b-8bfbd9e9-6eb03813.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b78f2d56-111eac45-206c2632-d7e0fd7f-005564a8", "study_id": 58325337, "subject_id": 12060193, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12060193/s58325337/b78f2d56-111eac45-206c2632-d7e0fd7f-005564a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a89ad02-a39a6d1e-1abae2ac-78a3483c-2b23c633", "study_id": 54508711, "subject_id": 10213803, "report": "impression: No pneumonia, edema, or effusion.\n \n Findings were paged to ___ at 12 p.m. on ___. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10213803/s54508711/4a89ad02-a39a6d1e-1abae2ac-78a3483c-2b23c633.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35fea1db-371d90fc-1c8a614a-3c105bf3-07ccef43", "study_id": 50078800, "subject_id": 11929103, "report": "impression: Enteric tube tip at gastroesophageal junction, should be advanced. Small\n right pleural effusion, mild right basilar opacity, likely atelectasis. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip in stable position. Enteric tube tip at\n gastroesophageal junction, should be advanced. Small right pleural effusion. \n Mild right basilar opacity, likely atelectasis. Postoperative change left\n breast. Normal heart size, pulmonary vascularity. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11929103/s50078800/35fea1db-371d90fc-1c8a614a-3c105bf3-07ccef43.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84a8679b-fdff2882-2a05c5b4-e00617c7-dbfbbe4d", "study_id": 52442939, "subject_id": 15033599, "report": "There is a large right and moderate left pleural effusion, increased since\n ___. Superimposed PNA cannot be excluded, but seems unlikely\n given lateral radiograph demonstrates no definite opacity. The\n cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15033599/s52442939/84a8679b-fdff2882-2a05c5b4-e00617c7-dbfbbe4d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d79c7b49-fef49a59-7fabe5d3-3b09c1a0-c5c00d7a", "study_id": 59926043, "subject_id": 14325424, "report": "Left pigtail pleural catheter remains in place, and a\n moderate-sized left pneumothorax with apical, lateral and basilar components\n has increased in size. Heterogeneous opacities in the right lung have\n slightly improved.\n \n Dr. ___ was successfully paged to communicate the pneumothorax finding on\n ___ at 12:30 p.m. at time of discovery.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14325424/s59926043/d79c7b49-fef49a59-7fabe5d3-3b09c1a0-c5c00d7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5cee530-e4446a5d-a61bd983-64477aee-7ab4387a", "study_id": 53642589, "subject_id": 19889247, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. \n 2. COPD. Findings: The lungs are noted to be hyperinflated, compatible with the\n patient's known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no evidence\n of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. \n The previously described multiple sub-4 mm right upper lobe pulmonary nodules\n are not well visualized on this examination. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is stable. No acute bony abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19889247/s53642589/a5cee530-e4446a5d-a61bd983-64477aee-7ab4387a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "55390295-499b4c5d-18586154-00958dda-73422d3b", "study_id": 52992416, "subject_id": 14306557, "report": "Indwelling lines are unchanged in position, and cardiomediastinal\n contours are stable in appearance. Patchy and linear bibasilar opacities have\n slightly worsened, and favor atelectasis, but co-existing infectious pneumonia\n is possible in the setting of a neutropenic fever. Remainder of lungs are\n clear with no new areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14306557/s52992416/55390295-499b4c5d-18586154-00958dda-73422d3b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0f1ae7a-0d058408-6e862609-7ca57b70-fbdfde78", "study_id": 57637231, "subject_id": 18629022, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No distracted rib fracture. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion pneumothorax. \n There is no distracted rib fracture. Extensive thoracic spine fixation\n hardware is noted without evidence of hardware fracture.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18629022/s57637231/e0f1ae7a-0d058408-6e862609-7ca57b70-fbdfde78.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fdff739-50e818e2-7efe0627-f2f2a326-251812fe", "study_id": 59428821, "subject_id": 17243592, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Left pectoral pacemaker has its leads terminating in right atrium and both\n ventricles. Moderate cardiomegaly is similar to prior. Mild pulmonary edema\n is similar to prior. There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17243592/s59428821/5fdff739-50e818e2-7efe0627-f2f2a326-251812fe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e6632b3-b2b20106-b911a1a2-e19c6ded-818bace8", "study_id": 53775651, "subject_id": 17575258, "report": "there is a new 2 lead pacemaker with leads projecting over the expected\n location. There continues to be mild cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary vascular\n redistribution. There increased interstitial markings in the left upper lung\n as well as volume loss in the lower lungs right greater than left, without a\n definite infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p17/p17575258/s53775651/8e6632b3-b2b20106-b911a1a2-e19c6ded-818bace8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3987923e-8a18501a-2cbb0e32-e144e2b3-ff3a4046", "study_id": 55365224, "subject_id": 18963024, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Supine AP view of the chest was provided. The lungs are clear and\n well inflated. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. No definite bony injury is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18963024/s55365224/3987923e-8a18501a-2cbb0e32-e144e2b3-ff3a4046.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dd3b262-e4b9b88d-8d40223a-a6520a29-a515d206", "study_id": 54922365, "subject_id": 19692222, "report": "Tracheostomy tube and left subclavian catheter are unchanged in\n position. Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable in size. \n Pulmonary vascular congestion with associated peribronchial cuffing appears\n unchanged. When compared to a similarly positioned radiograph of ___ at 4:50 a.m., there has been apparent increase in confluent opacity\n in the right infrahilar region. This area is difficult to compare to the more\n recent radiograph of 12:50 p.m. on the same date, but may be improved since\n that time. Differential diagnosis includes asymmetrical pulmonary edema,\n aspiration, and less likely a focal infection. Followup radiographs may be\n helpful in this regard.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19692222/s54922365/4dd3b262-e4b9b88d-8d40223a-a6520a29-a515d206.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "626db9c3-d5720f8b-106dfc87-58a6a850-3929b72e", "study_id": 56018571, "subject_id": 12934243, "report": "impression: No change in right mid and lower lung consolidations consistent\n with aspiration pneumonia. Increasing left lung opacities may represent new\n developing areas of pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Enteric\n tube ends in the stomach. Right PICC ends in the mid SVC. Right mid and\n lower lung consolidations are unchanged. Increasing left lung opacities may\n represent new developing areas of pneumonia. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12934243/s56018571/626db9c3-d5720f8b-106dfc87-58a6a850-3929b72e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba8235dc-ea50767b-dc50f965-f448179f-e9035ed5", "study_id": 59142877, "subject_id": 16687783, "report": "Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. The patient is\n status post median sternotomy with multiple closure devices seen. There is\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying atelectasis. Mild left\n basilar atelectasis is also seen. Streaky, linear medial right basilar\n opacity may relate to atelectasis or vascular structures overlying the\n elevated right hemidiaphragm, consolidation is not excluded in the appropriate\n clinical setting, although is felt less likely. If patient able, this could\n be further evaluated on dedicated PA and lateral views of the chest. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. No\n large pleural effusion is seen, although trace pleural effusion on the left\n will be difficult to exclude. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16687783/s59142877/ba8235dc-ea50767b-dc50f965-f448179f-e9035ed5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12820033-f9a9ba25-4a727bb0-7df13f37-d51b6595", "study_id": 52878062, "subject_id": 10488677, "report": "impression: Little interval change from prior with continued moderate cardiomegaly, small\n bilateral pleural effusions and mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Assessment is limited by body habitus. Persistent moderate cardiomegaly is\n re- demonstrated. The mediastinal contour is unchanged. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is similar to the previous study. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions are likely present and unchanged from prior. No focal consolidation\n or pneumothorax is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10488677/s52878062/12820033-f9a9ba25-4a727bb0-7df13f37-d51b6595.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "327cb451-a0309bb6-3eb8419a-a6f8a54c-b6f08409", "study_id": 53396660, "subject_id": 19343822, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19343822/s53396660/327cb451-a0309bb6-3eb8419a-a6f8a54c-b6f08409.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "531e00fe-2f6688e1-ac321274-cece1335-5e903082", "study_id": 54063398, "subject_id": 12033766, "report": "impression: 1. Aortic valve replacement. Findings: Changes of median sternotomy and aortic valve\n replacement are seen. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. There\n is no focal consolidation. Heart size is top normal. Aorta is tortuous and\n calcified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12033766/s54063398/531e00fe-2f6688e1-ac321274-cece1335-5e903082.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e32d82d1-fb6110e8-7d14718a-c0398a39-bac8c096", "study_id": 52915638, "subject_id": 15719632, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15719632/s52915638/e32d82d1-fb6110e8-7d14718a-c0398a39-bac8c096.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eeb34a0a-38e7f3c2-7a403f94-0950f652-5870f730", "study_id": 54255628, "subject_id": 18045395, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18045395/s54255628/eeb34a0a-38e7f3c2-7a403f94-0950f652-5870f730.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d47c5717-9fd87024-08c514ae-70e2570a-14b52a2b", "study_id": 59505024, "subject_id": 11681682, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The examination is limited by\n poor penetration likely secondary to the patient's body habitus. Within this\n limitation, the lungs appear well expanded without focal consolidation to\n suggest infectious process. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11681682/s59505024/d47c5717-9fd87024-08c514ae-70e2570a-14b52a2b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a29ba28d-7e3291c1-e21c037f-c8416509-74fd2c59", "study_id": 58014281, "subject_id": 12273114, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process, normal heart size. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contour is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12273114/s58014281/a29ba28d-7e3291c1-e21c037f-c8416509-74fd2c59.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "311652ee-52b2b92f-24a64432-59e50b55-06f623c7", "study_id": 53077563, "subject_id": 12754668, "report": "impression: No definite pneumonia, however the lungs are not completely clear, possibly\n due to low volume inspiration. If patient's symptoms persist, recommend CT to\n evaluate for underlying lung abnormality.\n \n Recurrent and/or chronic pulmonary embolism as a cause of patient's symptoms,\n all the a is neither suggested or excluded by a. Findings: The lungs are not completely clear, however may be secondary to poor\n inspiratory effort. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no gross\n perihilar abnormality, however evaluation is limited due to poor inspiratory\n effort. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12754668/s53077563/311652ee-52b2b92f-24a64432-59e50b55-06f623c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca8fbb40-c1487fb8-476cc752-fe043705-f74cfe72", "study_id": 52447239, "subject_id": 16754117, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are well-expanded and clear.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16754117/s52447239/ca8fbb40-c1487fb8-476cc752-fe043705-f74cfe72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16b64fbf-28851a03-d310ba5a-7b8dadbf-6d420bd2", "study_id": 50017036, "subject_id": 16043614, "report": "Lung volumes continue to be low but are slightly improved compared\n to the study from two days prior. There is improved aeration at the bases and\n decreased vascular plethora, however, there is still an element of pulmonary\n vascular redistribution and mild cardiomegaly. Thus, mild fluid overload is\n likely.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16043614/s50017036/16b64fbf-28851a03-d310ba5a-7b8dadbf-6d420bd2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ae88327-e96ad499-a9d6f726-316d8a88-0cf67b72", "study_id": 53948554, "subject_id": 16652205, "report": "Tracheostomy tube is in standard position. Bilateral lung volumes\n are low. Bibasal atelectasis is minimal and unchanged since ___. Small pleural effusion is stable. The mediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged. Left subclavian line ends at mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16652205/s53948554/0ae88327-e96ad499-a9d6f726-316d8a88-0cf67b72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9df25c35-2f1f614d-a4dd2a62-d78722fb-f75cf084", "study_id": 54480137, "subject_id": 18815860, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18815860/s54480137/9df25c35-2f1f614d-a4dd2a62-d78722fb-f75cf084.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0253e1b5-bf54a056-a8b03c56-070cbee8-98462127", "study_id": 56931635, "subject_id": 14021642, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is\n no evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14021642/s56931635/0253e1b5-bf54a056-a8b03c56-070cbee8-98462127.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dec762b-61bfbf79-f92e5f31-277187ef-2f9aaa5f", "study_id": 50693138, "subject_id": 19345192, "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacity which could represent left lower lobe pneumonia. Likely\n bilateral trace pleural effusions. Mild pulmonary edema, increased compared\n to ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate an unchanged mildly enlarged\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. Again seen are ill-defined reticular\n interstitial markings, compatible with mild pulmonary edema. Opacity\n projecting over the lower thoracic spine on lateral view could represent a\n left lower lobe pneumonia. There are likely bilateral trace pleural\n effusions. No pneumothorax is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19345192/s50693138/4dec762b-61bfbf79-f92e5f31-277187ef-2f9aaa5f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dabf63ed-61b6e0a8-4f2b604f-707b885b-b1b36399", "study_id": 59396950, "subject_id": 16753209, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural effusions and\n bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker device is noted with leads terminating in\n the right atrium and right ventricle. Mild to moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette is re- demonstrated. Mediastinal contours are unchanged. \n Mild interstitial pulmonary edema is new in the interval with small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Bibasilar patchy opacities likely reflect areas of\n atelectasis. No pneumothorax is present. There are moderate multilevel\n degenerative changes seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16753209/s59396950/dabf63ed-61b6e0a8-4f2b604f-707b885b-b1b36399.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a312d56b-043a92b0-3bbcbc8c-e5989c7c-0a8ac862", "study_id": 51822041, "subject_id": 19214263, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19214263/s51822041/a312d56b-043a92b0-3bbcbc8c-e5989c7c-0a8ac862.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88158bcd-672405c5-b7f89d87-2f3ec56e-1debeb89", "study_id": 53039593, "subject_id": 11911069, "report": "impression: New slight increase in opacification in the right lower lobe may be secondary\n to pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: The lung volumes are low. There has been an interval slight increase\n in opacification in the right lower lobe compared to the prior study. No\n other new focal consolidations are seen. There is evidence of slight\n bilateral vascular engorgement, without evidence of frank interstitial edema.\n Areas of atelectasis in the retrocardiac lung regions as well as minimal\n blunting of the left constphrenic sinus persist in an unchanged manner. There\n is stable moderate cardiomegaly. There is a right-sided Port-A-Cath and a\n right-sided PICC line which terminates in the superior SVC. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11911069/s53039593/88158bcd-672405c5-b7f89d87-2f3ec56e-1debeb89.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8108ecd8-aeb0ef08-e7b518c2-4deffb16-bccf94dd", "study_id": 57981281, "subject_id": 18485280, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy with wires intact. The aorta is\n tortuous, unchanged from multiple priors. Multiple mediastinal clips from\n prior CABG are unchanged. There is likely mild volume loss of the medial in\n the left lower lobe, unchanged from prior. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18485280/s57981281/8108ecd8-aeb0ef08-e7b518c2-4deffb16-bccf94dd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3ae610a-c8a82825-cc449600-fdc91e82-be588c8c", "study_id": 58068737, "subject_id": 18754895, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Minimal elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. No pneumonia, no\n pleural effusion, no pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18754895/s58068737/b3ae610a-c8a82825-cc449600-fdc91e82-be588c8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc341a95-27ab0241-0e8d2148-e762be61-948b6d29", "study_id": 57900553, "subject_id": 16177747, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is slightly enlarged, stable from the prior\n examination, and likely related to sickle cell related anemia. No focal\n consolidation or pleural effusion is identified. No definite bony\n abnormalities are noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16177747/s57900553/cc341a95-27ab0241-0e8d2148-e762be61-948b6d29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e30b8bb-1f7c1420-2a220a6d-366d37b8-08c4b0b9", "study_id": 54421793, "subject_id": 11317871, "report": "impression: Persistent opacities in the right and left lower lungs concerning\n for pneumonia. Probable associated small right pleural effusion. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again noted as well as mediastinal clips. There is\n opacity at the right lung base likely residing in the right middle and lower\n lobes as seen previously concerning for pneumonia. There is also retrocardiac\n opacity, which is slightly diminished from prior exam, which may also\n represent another site of pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11317871/s54421793/6e30b8bb-1f7c1420-2a220a6d-366d37b8-08c4b0b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "27bcb12d-bce362cb-e3f8b2b7-5068cd58-3f0a203d", "study_id": 53675135, "subject_id": 15818607, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No radiographic evidence of dissection. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aortic\n knob is visualized. No upper mediastinal widening. No pulmonary edema are\n pneumonia. Prior median sternotomy with intact sternal wires and dual lead\n defibrillator with the tips in the right atrium and right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15818607/s53675135/27bcb12d-bce362cb-e3f8b2b7-5068cd58-3f0a203d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b0eb072-ca28708c-44c790be-aec0a1c8-79aaa4c7", "study_id": 56484369, "subject_id": 10885127, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. The heart is\n normal size. The hilar and mediastinal structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10885127/s56484369/1b0eb072-ca28708c-44c790be-aec0a1c8-79aaa4c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ef5219b-0d36461f-cc938efe-a6123ac5-2ce88035", "study_id": 50444424, "subject_id": 12252054, "report": "impression: Normal study. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrates the lungs are well-expanded and\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. There is no pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema or focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12252054/s50444424/2ef5219b-0d36461f-cc938efe-a6123ac5-2ce88035.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd239661-5e304e9d-d3eb62f0-0232ae9f-b1640a8d", "study_id": 52858561, "subject_id": 10447634, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged. Pleural thickening at the apex of the\n left hemithorax appears similar. A posterior basilar opacity has resolved. \n There is no definite pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10447634/s52858561/cd239661-5e304e9d-d3eb62f0-0232ae9f-b1640a8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c938478-25351580-95bdfe14-f5305b19-62a54423", "study_id": 59055596, "subject_id": 16652205, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. There is continued enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with left ventricular configuration along with tortuosity of the\n aorta. Opacification at the right base most likely represents layering\n effusion and compressive atelectasis. The left costophrenic angle is sharp\n and no definite basilar atelectasis is appreciated on this side.\n \n Prominence of the superior mediastinum to the right again most likely\n represents tortuous brachiocephalic vessels.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16652205/s59055596/0c938478-25351580-95bdfe14-f5305b19-62a54423.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e1076f2-20e52eec-b82897f8-b8bcf48a-b7d382d3", "study_id": 58565075, "subject_id": 12128727, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal. The right PICC has\n been removed.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12128727/s58565075/6e1076f2-20e52eec-b82897f8-b8bcf48a-b7d382d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "367be6c3-8d50ffdc-d70bc173-6afe8ea0-b6f44677", "study_id": 54601735, "subject_id": 13194187, "report": "impression: Improving patchy retrocardiac opacity and pleural effusions. \n Marked decrease in pulmonary vascular congestion with findings suggesting only\n pulmonary venous hypertension. Findings: The heart is moderately enlarged. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n There is persistent posterior density in the left lower lobe, although\n decreased, suggesting improvement in atelectasis and pleural effusions\n although very small pleural effusions may persist. Upper zone redistribution\n of pulmonary vascularity suggests pulmonary venous hypertension, but without\n frank congestive heart failure on this study, which has improved.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13194187/s54601735/367be6c3-8d50ffdc-d70bc173-6afe8ea0-b6f44677.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b030065b-6ede55d4-1514d92f-e4661e14-df63dcda", "study_id": 50357307, "subject_id": 14755254, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size without acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. A left chest wall\n AICD pack is seen with dual leads extending to the region of the right atrium\n and right ventricle, unchanged in position. The heart is top normal in size. \n The mediastinal contour is unremarkable. The lungs appear clear without overt\n pulmonary edema or evidence of pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The imaged bony structures appear intact. There is no free air below\n the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14755254/s50357307/b030065b-6ede55d4-1514d92f-e4661e14-df63dcda.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1ed27a3-2b5f2acc-c2c02f5b-462ebb9c-cb8a6983", "study_id": 57912514, "subject_id": 19993776, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest provided. Dual lead pacemaker is unchanged\n in position with leads extending to the region the right atrium and right\n ventricle. Midline sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are again noted.\n There is mild pulmonary edema with small bilateral pleural effusions. Heart\n size is top-normal contours unremarkable. No pneumothorax. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19993776/s57912514/b1ed27a3-2b5f2acc-c2c02f5b-462ebb9c-cb8a6983.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9861697-de042def-07eeafdf-8298f092-ff050aca", "study_id": 54784659, "subject_id": 13390009, "report": "impression: Left basilar atelectasis. No other acute cardiopulmonary\n pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are stable. The lung volumes are low, with streaky opacities in left lung\n base, which likely represent atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13390009/s54784659/b9861697-de042def-07eeafdf-8298f092-ff050aca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdcec610-f0db3bc7-197afb98-d70f2afb-4aaf707c", "study_id": 53656732, "subject_id": 13110830, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13110830/s53656732/fdcec610-f0db3bc7-197afb98-d70f2afb-4aaf707c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dcf90759-28dd6207-715d6e15-e293d92c-230f1ae3", "study_id": 56875807, "subject_id": 16415605, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the endotracheal tube has\n been removed. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with pulmonary\n vascular congestion. The degree of opacification at the bases is less\n prominent, though this may merely reflect change in position rather than any\n improvement in the bilateral effusions and compressive atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16415605/s56875807/dcf90759-28dd6207-715d6e15-e293d92c-230f1ae3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04760d46-537b576f-81243b31-9c816023-6bafeb3c", "study_id": 52201803, "subject_id": 18250248, "report": "impression: Pacer in appropriate position. Otherwise, unremarkable chest\n radiographs. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest demonstrate a pacer in position\n in the left anterior axillary position with intact leads along the expected\n course to the right atrium and right ventricle. There is no pneumothorax or\n other complication seen. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no\n pleural effusion. Mild cardiomegaly is again seen. A thin paratracheal\n stripe is visualized. The opacity to the right of the trachea is consistent\n in appearance with vascular structures in this region and is not of concern. \n Thoracic scoliosis is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18250248/s52201803/04760d46-537b576f-81243b31-9c816023-6bafeb3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a3b2694-5fe63655-e4da32c1-df3ab02c-e688af35", "study_id": 53378568, "subject_id": 18940953, "report": "impression: Findings most consistent with congestive heart failure and a right pleural\n effusion. Findings: Patient slightly rotated. Lung volumes are low. Bilateral increased\n pulmonary congestion with moderate edema is demonstrated. Opacity in the\n right lower lobe with silhouetting of the right hemidiaphragm likely reflects\n a combination of a small right pleural effusion, atelectasis, and edema. No\n pneumothorax. No appreciable left pleural effusion. No acute osseous\n abnormality. The heart is moderately enlarged, similar to the prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18940953/s53378568/2a3b2694-5fe63655-e4da32c1-df3ab02c-e688af35.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d1a2f1c-310eedd3-741d81e0-7b61da70-47892f3c", "study_id": 51854760, "subject_id": 14516688, "report": "impression: 1. Right-sided effusion is resolved.\n 2. Left effusion is improved. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Right-sided effusion is resolved. Left\n effusion is improved. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Sternotomy\n wires, prosthetic mitral valve, and central venous catheter tips appear stable\n from ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14516688/s51854760/6d1a2f1c-310eedd3-741d81e0-7b61da70-47892f3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1d1b22a-c42fbb14-c900ed53-7dcb5d98-eab2fe83", "study_id": 51913245, "subject_id": 17846223, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17846223/s51913245/d1d1b22a-c42fbb14-c900ed53-7dcb5d98-eab2fe83.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "72047ade-af4403cb-12a11ca0-bdf77cc2-85ed5c17", "study_id": 54026718, "subject_id": 13590729, "report": "This study still shows a pigtail catheter a small pneumothorax seen\n superolaterally. There is a left pleural effusion. There is a small right\n effusion. There is volume loss at the left base. Multiple displaced rib\n fractures are again seen on the left.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13590729/s54026718/72047ade-af4403cb-12a11ca0-bdf77cc2-85ed5c17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdfc9aa3-ccd6d977-b5140f3d-5cb7daa4-fff60818", "study_id": 57340206, "subject_id": 13620891, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild congestive heart failure. Findings: The heart appears mildly enlarged. The aorta is slightly tortuous.\n Otherwise, the mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is a mild interstitial abnormality\n and fissural thickening, suggesting mild pulmonary edema. Kerley B lines are\n noted along lateral costophrenic angles. No focal opacities are visualized,\n however. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13620891/s57340206/bdfc9aa3-ccd6d977-b5140f3d-5cb7daa4-fff60818.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "586c5bb6-0227b9f7-2583a803-9d70138d-02814b15", "study_id": 52171257, "subject_id": 18356168, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Please see report of concurrent dedicated right humerus radiographs for\n evaluation of the right shoulder and humerus. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Atelectasis or\n scarring in the right mid lung is similar to prior. Cardiomegaly is mild. \n Right shoulder hardware appears similar to prior. Compression fracture and\n vertebroplasty at T8 are similar to prior. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18356168/s52171257/586c5bb6-0227b9f7-2583a803-9d70138d-02814b15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f768776e-80d12a73-32fed3b6-fc50a665-90ed2056", "study_id": 52162477, "subject_id": 17660805, "report": "Worsening consolidative opacity in the right infrahilar region may\n potentially represent an evolving aspiration pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Slight improvement in patchy and linear opacity at the left\n lung base. Small pleural effusions are unchanged. Left clavicular and left\n rib fractures are again demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660805/s52162477/f768776e-80d12a73-32fed3b6-fc50a665-90ed2056.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4715cf0d-f6545ad4-04afa021-2ffe6bb5-3b4247c2", "study_id": 54388275, "subject_id": 10580201, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: A ventriculoperitoneal shunt courses across the right side of the\n thorax. Its distal course is very difficult to delineate because of\n underpenetration. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged. There\n is similar mild cardiomegaly. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10580201/s54388275/4715cf0d-f6545ad4-04afa021-2ffe6bb5-3b4247c2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee8e3f81-489e9ff9-c21e01b0-1bc77c60-6a8b9274", "study_id": 58160719, "subject_id": 13851193, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. There is elevation\n of the left hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Osseous\n structures are unremarkable. Multiple surgical clips project over the region\n of the left axilla. Soft tissues are otherwise notable for calcifications in\n the neck, potentially due to atherosclerosis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13851193/s58160719/ee8e3f81-489e9ff9-c21e01b0-1bc77c60-6a8b9274.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0aa975f0-a1609d58-b1d5accf-c0a3a8d4-56edbb3a", "study_id": 50484690, "subject_id": 18700598, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18700598/s50484690/0aa975f0-a1609d58-b1d5accf-c0a3a8d4-56edbb3a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66049acc-ee1e6b29-1298f53b-32d453b3-41377f10", "study_id": 53822967, "subject_id": 18304185, "report": "impression: Tiny left apical pneumothorax with a left pleural pigtail catheter in place. Findings: A left pigtail catheter is present, located along the left lateral chest wall\n around the midaxillary line. A tiny left apical pneumothorax persists. No\n focal consolidation or pleural effusion. The size of the cardiac silhouette\n is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18304185/s53822967/66049acc-ee1e6b29-1298f53b-32d453b3-41377f10.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "477544c7-79e6cf98-f7a3d13e-aafc374c-80a9fbff", "study_id": 55862886, "subject_id": 17527814, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiac or pulmonary findings.\n \n 2. Left hemidiaphragmatic eventration versus a contained chronic tear. Findings: The lungs are clear. The heart is normal in size. There is either\n eventration of the medial left hemidiaphragm or an old contained diaphragmatic\n rupture. The mediastinal contours are otherwise normal. There are no\n definite pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Healed left-sided rib\n fractures are noted. Multilevel degenerative changes of the thoracic spine\n are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17527814/s55862886/477544c7-79e6cf98-f7a3d13e-aafc374c-80a9fbff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8a01c0c-9c9a6cbc-baecc35e-da96fc52-7e8fb9c9", "study_id": 58850651, "subject_id": 10089085, "report": "Endotracheal tube and orogastric tube are in correct position. The\n left internal jugular vein terminates in the left brachiocephalic vein. Right\n main stem bronchus stent is in unchanged position. The known right upper lobe\n atelectasis is constant.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10089085/s58850651/a8a01c0c-9c9a6cbc-baecc35e-da96fc52-7e8fb9c9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efadfffb-390eeca5-67bc68bf-7b9d012d-80ea3d07", "study_id": 55785168, "subject_id": 14186178, "report": "impression: Right IJ tip is difficult to visualize on this exam. An exam with\n better inspiration is recommended. Findings: This is a very limited exam due to low lung volumes and obscuration\n of the apices by the patient's chin. There is a right-sided IJ whose tip is\n difficult to definitively visualize. Aside from bilateral atelectasis, the\n small visualized portion of the upper-to-mid lungs is unremarkable. No\n definite pneumothorax is identified. The visualized osseous structures are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14186178/s55785168/efadfffb-390eeca5-67bc68bf-7b9d012d-80ea3d07.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7e621b3-124274dd-9a7cefc0-15328e13-c128f7ee", "study_id": 54900535, "subject_id": 14004436, "report": "impression: Unremarkable chest radiographic examination. Findings: Lung volumes are low. No focal opacities are identified. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumonia. There is no evidence of subdiaphragmatic air.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14004436/s54900535/c7e621b3-124274dd-9a7cefc0-15328e13-c128f7ee.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8976b3b-70f57458-d86cef26-5b9bc06d-3c933aeb", "study_id": 51605511, "subject_id": 15402975, "report": "impression: No pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Low lung\n volumes result in bronchovascular crowding. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no free air under the\n diaphragm. No acute osseous abnormality. Oral contrast is seen within the\n large bowel, presumably from a study performed at another institution.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15402975/s51605511/f8976b3b-70f57458-d86cef26-5b9bc06d-3c933aeb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75e42d8c-753496af-29347802-4d2a476a-99d7e406", "study_id": 53086094, "subject_id": 11235666, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Mild hyperinflation. There is\n no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left-sided\n pacemaker with leads in the right atrium and right ventricle are unchanged. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Sternotomy wires are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11235666/s53086094/75e42d8c-753496af-29347802-4d2a476a-99d7e406.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3addffe-c9115380-81fe81ec-0c31d44c-4a20d31b", "study_id": 59149901, "subject_id": 11977522, "report": "impression: 1. Interval improvement of bilateral interstitial opacities.\n 2. Emphysema. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the hemidiaphragms compatible\n with known emphysema. Bilateral interstitial opacities have improved since\n ___. Heart size is normal. There is dilation and tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta with a known saccular aneurysm of the arch. There is no large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. An abdominal aortic stent is partially visualized\n in the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11977522/s59149901/b3addffe-c9115380-81fe81ec-0c31d44c-4a20d31b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9362ce9b-70d619bc-17299840-a0107be1-a68162f1", "study_id": 59315856, "subject_id": 13633818, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: There is no definite area of consolidation suspicious for pneumonia. Prior\n imaging of pneumonia would be helpful for comparison. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal\n size. Right pectoral infusion port terminates at mid SVC.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13633818/s59315856/9362ce9b-70d619bc-17299840-a0107be1-a68162f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c756ac3-eb2f5a33-c17358dd-8c68acd6-5db3b665", "study_id": 57859434, "subject_id": 17084815, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is partially imaged extending along the right\n paramediastinal region, appearing intact. Lungs are clear. Heart size and\n mediastinal contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17084815/s57859434/3c756ac3-eb2f5a33-c17358dd-8c68acd6-5db3b665.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "36e406f4-37f34454-7c626633-77c651e3-2e2225c0", "study_id": 54395658, "subject_id": 16315929, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural\n effusion. Clips are noted projecting over the left axilla.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16315929/s54395658/36e406f4-37f34454-7c626633-77c651e3-2e2225c0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9251f99-066890fb-1f9e23dc-ea885d09-39f44531", "study_id": 55072890, "subject_id": 13844619, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13844619/s55072890/d9251f99-066890fb-1f9e23dc-ea885d09-39f44531.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f89dbbff-5034cc52-a305f2a0-4821fd1c-e0713138", "study_id": 59272380, "subject_id": 18861496, "report": "Interval placement of right internal jugular catheter with tip\n terminating in the proximal superior vena cava and no visible pneumothorax. \n Other indwelling devices are in standard position. Heart is upper limits of\n normal in size, and is accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and\n improving pulmonary edema pattern. A more confluent area of airspace\n consolidation persists in the left upper lobe, and is concerning for\n infectious pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Followup\n radiographs after appropriate therapy are suggested to ensure resolution and\n to exclude a neoplasm in this region.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18861496/s59272380/f89dbbff-5034cc52-a305f2a0-4821fd1c-e0713138.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "64ff3f61-95fa9a3b-e554bf9b-6d6b11f7-a67dded1", "study_id": 55834884, "subject_id": 12232510, "report": "In comparison with the last study on ___, there is little change in\n the diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications. Monitoring and support\n devices remain in place.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12232510/s55834884/64ff3f61-95fa9a3b-e554bf9b-6d6b11f7-a67dded1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80e990f0-cbb32420-f0ff89a1-01141fac-317b4e0b", "study_id": 53833501, "subject_id": 15108073, "report": "ET tube is seen with tip approximately 3 cm from the carina. Enteric tube\n passes below the inferior field of view.\n \n Low lung volumes are noted. Parenchymal opacities are seen bilaterally, right\n greater than left likely due to edema, infection or aspiration not excluded. \n Layering effusion would be difficult to exclude. Left lateral rib fractures\n are suspected. No obvious pneumothorax on this portable film. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15108073/s53833501/80e990f0-cbb32420-f0ff89a1-01141fac-317b4e0b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3be9c1ae-23b60907-76a71f3e-777e77f9-d1f19f2a", "study_id": 50875903, "subject_id": 19481121, "report": "impression: 1. Interval improvement in right upper and mid lung zone opacities, with a\n small area of opacification remaining.\n \n 2. Hyperlucent zone at right lung base but no pneumothorax.\n \n 3. New small right pleural effusion with basilar atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.\n \n There is interval improvement in the previous opacities in the right upper and\n mid lung zones. A small area of opacification remains in the right upper\n lobe. There is now a hyperlucent zone at the right lung base, but no evidence\n of pneumothorax. A small right pleural effusion has developed with associated\n compressive basilar atelectasis. The left lung is fully expanded and clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are stable. A Dobbhoff tube\n terminates in the first part of the duodenum. It is looped twice in the\n fundus of the stomach.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19481121/s50875903/3be9c1ae-23b60907-76a71f3e-777e77f9-d1f19f2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbcc3506-ffeb0669-65b2b5d3-4cb3591f-60a328ea", "study_id": 56577390, "subject_id": 16073325, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with peripheral interstitial\n changes which may reflect persistent pulmonary congestion, although\n potentially a more chronic abnormality that has arisen since ___. Findings: A central venous catheter terminates in the right atrium. The\n patient is status post sternotomy and probably coronary bypass surgery. \n Surgical clips also project over the epigastric region. \n The heart is enlarged. The aorta is calcified. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear unchanged. A mild interstitial abnormality appears unchanged\n with areas of suspected subpleural scarring along the right lower hemithorax. \n There is no pneumothorax. Trace pleural effusions are suspected.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16073325/s56577390/bbcc3506-ffeb0669-65b2b5d3-4cb3591f-60a328ea.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c103c2a-e27e8a8c-82d7e721-fffc8b3c-1ebe2b9a", "study_id": 51709608, "subject_id": 17523513, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable, the aorta remains calcified and\n tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17523513/s51709608/2c103c2a-e27e8a8c-82d7e721-fffc8b3c-1ebe2b9a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1789c506-a379382e-4f8cebab-b2347289-806bafe7", "study_id": 53482578, "subject_id": 17600927, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is top normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17600927/s53482578/1789c506-a379382e-4f8cebab-b2347289-806bafe7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "411a70f5-cac14485-cf0baa53-7c7e5e71-cb0edebf", "study_id": 53130259, "subject_id": 12238407, "report": "impression: A NG tube in stomach. Opacity right lower lobe and retrocardiac opacity\n concerning for multifocal pneumonia. Findings: 2 supine views of the chest demonstrate progressive advancement of an NG tube\n into the stomach. An ET tube has been placed in the interim which resides cm\n in the carinal. Better evident than on the prior study is a opacity in the\n right lower lobe concerning for pneumonia. Additional retrocardiac opacities\n are also noted. Cardiac size remains stable. The remainder the exam is\n unchanged with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12238407/s53130259/411a70f5-cac14485-cf0baa53-7c7e5e71-cb0edebf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ff65d4d-0bda43d8-706768ee-9eabe372-744321cf", "study_id": 56747118, "subject_id": 16749557, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube in standard position.\n \n 2. Enteric tube side port is within the distal esophagus and should be\n advanced at least 10 cm for appropriate positioning within the stomach.\n \n 3. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 6 cm from the carina. An\n enteric tube is noted with tip in the stomach, but the side port is above the\n gastroesophageal junction and should be advanced. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is\n normal and the lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16749557/s56747118/2ff65d4d-0bda43d8-706768ee-9eabe372-744321cf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cd79758-0809c0df-6c30d17a-66eddaa3-59b00e49", "study_id": 55874621, "subject_id": 16826384, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16826384/s55874621/2cd79758-0809c0df-6c30d17a-66eddaa3-59b00e49.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8027dd66-9bab6937-c975b9a5-fa7b21ac-b018312e", "study_id": 58985733, "subject_id": 18865972, "report": "impression: Endotracheal tube, 2.2 cm above the carina, should not be advanced\n further. Basal atelectasis. Findings: Portable supine chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are low\n in volume giving the appearance of bronchovascular crowding, and there is\n relatively mild basal atelectasis. Endotracheal tube is 2.2 cm above the\n carina and should not be advanced further. Nasogastric tube courses into the\n stomach. The heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar\n contours.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18865972/s58985733/8027dd66-9bab6937-c975b9a5-fa7b21ac-b018312e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a816094-d113aee7-12011422-39fe6210-18c0b3a0", "study_id": 53601176, "subject_id": 13351112, "report": "impression: Bilateral lower lobe atelectasis is minimally improved since ___. Findings: Compared to the prior study, the lung expansion has slightly increased.\n Bilateral lower lobe atelectasis and elevation of the left hemidiaphragm\n persists. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are stable. Two compression\n fractures in the lower thoracic spine are unchanged since ___ and may\n be related to the patient's history of renal cell carcinoma.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13351112/s53601176/9a816094-d113aee7-12011422-39fe6210-18c0b3a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cff700ed-435bf6a3-92dfdd89-0ee31933-7bfc40b7", "study_id": 52706925, "subject_id": 15767435, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes remain\n low. The pre-existing right small pleural effusion has decreased in extent. \n Also decreased are the signs indicative of pulmonary edema. Bilateral areas\n of basal atelectasis persist and the cardiac silhouette continues to be\n enlarged. The possibility of pericardial effusion could be considered.\n \n Unchanged course and position of the left PICC line. Unchanged alignment of\n the sternal wires.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15767435/s52706925/cff700ed-435bf6a3-92dfdd89-0ee31933-7bfc40b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2c59f27-2ab5f98d-694fb9c6-3a82800e-608e3c34", "study_id": 54663553, "subject_id": 11658675, "report": "impression: Possible mild interstitial pulmonary edema with basilar\n atelectasis. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest are provided. No free\n air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm. There is basilar atelectasis. Mild\n interstitial edema is difficult to exclude. No large pleural effusions are\n seen. Vertebroplasty changes in the mid and low T-spine noted. The heart\n appears stable in size.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11658675/s54663553/a2c59f27-2ab5f98d-694fb9c6-3a82800e-608e3c34.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5ff034d-a958630a-33f3ceeb-a4d37849-c282abf7", "study_id": 59686317, "subject_id": 12609983, "report": "impression: Limited exam without definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Exam is limited secondary to portable technique and patient body habitus.\n Rretrocardiac opacity is likely at least in part technical due to poor\n penetration and is not well assessed. Elsewhere the lungs are clear.\n Cardiomegaly is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12609983/s59686317/d5ff034d-a958630a-33f3ceeb-a4d37849-c282abf7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e47ad55-708a47a2-f1549221-9565aaaf-d9688411", "study_id": 58424443, "subject_id": 16068848, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Prior median sternotomy and AVR. No acute consolidation or interstitial\n edema. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16068848/s58424443/6e47ad55-708a47a2-f1549221-9565aaaf-d9688411.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57f35ce1-9c2ad947-38dd05f6-c62f92df-918f88ba", "study_id": 56545817, "subject_id": 12303587, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Interval enlargement and of the density at\n the posterior aspect of the mediastinum on the right. This is not\n definitively a hiatal hernia. It demonstrates intervcal enlargement since\n ___. Consider nonurgent chest CT in to further characterize. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of confluent\n consolidation or effusion. There is a well defined density in the at the\n posterior aspect of the mediastinum on the right. This was present on prior\n however appears slightly larger on the current exam. This is not clearly\n identified on the lateral and there is no visualized air-fluid level to\n confirm hiatal hernia. No acute osseous abnormalities detected. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12303587/s56545817/57f35ce1-9c2ad947-38dd05f6-c62f92df-918f88ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a45fff1c-d24076b5-23e0de74-6984664d-8395c240", "study_id": 54840221, "subject_id": 14655104, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is cardiomegaly. There is a left-sided AICD which is stable. There is\n again seen pulmonary edema which has improved since the prior study. There\n are areas of more focal consolidation within the right perihilar region and\n left base. There are bilateral pleural effusions and a left retrocardiac\n opacity which are relatively stable. No pneumothoraces are identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14655104/s54840221/a45fff1c-d24076b5-23e0de74-6984664d-8395c240.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcc824c7-2bdd766c-cf08f611-4d01ca7f-b8c18111", "study_id": 55904844, "subject_id": 12288867, "report": "impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions consistent with history of\n recent pericarditis. Follow-up radiographs are recommended in 2 weeks to\n document resolution. \n \n Dr. ___ communicated the above results to Dr. ___ at 2:53 p.m.\n on ___ by telephone. Findings: There are bilateral pleural effusions\n which are moderate in severity, slightly greater on the left as compared to\n the right; findings are consistent with recent pericarditis. There is no\n pulmonary vascular congestion or interstitial edema. There is slightly\n increased prominence of the ascending aortic contour, though the remainder of\n the mediastinal structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12288867/s55904844/fcc824c7-2bdd766c-cf08f611-4d01ca7f-b8c18111.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31be8f32-08b77a6b-54170c39-6e3d3786-7dc6de23", "study_id": 51192003, "subject_id": 13563423, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema. CHRONIC SEVERE\n CARDIOMEGALY Findings: 2.5 CM RETROCARDIAC OPACITY SEEN ON THE LATERAL VIEW INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE\n POSTERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND THE SPINE WAS ALSO PRESENT ON CHEST\n RADIOGRAPH PERFORMED ___, BUT A SUBSEQUENT CHEST CT SCAN ON ___\n ___ SHOWS THAT THERE IS NO LUNG NODULE OR SIGNIFICANT ABNORMALITY. THIS IS\n PRESUMABLY A PULMONARY VEIN SEEN IN PARTIAL CROSS SECTION. LUNGS ARE CLEAR.\n \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Severe cardiomegaly is unchanged. There\n is mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. MEDIASTINAL AND hilar silhouettes are\n WISE unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13563423/s51192003/31be8f32-08b77a6b-54170c39-6e3d3786-7dc6de23.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c1db1ed3-0ac2c279-ef251ca1-3ebec514-a0e775ef", "study_id": 57567604, "subject_id": 17226466, "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence of injury.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged with left ventricular configuration. \n Minimal pleural thickening is consistent with minor scarring at each lung\n apex. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Surgical clips project along the right upper quadrant. Bony\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17226466/s57567604/c1db1ed3-0ac2c279-ef251ca1-3ebec514-a0e775ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb26265c-93216a5e-2783e1f5-8ac9d262-fdcf43cd", "study_id": 59068897, "subject_id": 12745539, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n Updated 'wetread' results discussed with ___ team by ___ via\n telephone on ___ at 4:55 PM. Findings: There are low lung volumes. The cardiac silhouette is normal. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12745539/s59068897/eb26265c-93216a5e-2783e1f5-8ac9d262-fdcf43cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bacc52c-e5130c1f-adaf1d8b-bbe97923-96d08ab9", "study_id": 51363463, "subject_id": 19892763, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Moderate\n degenerative changes are seen within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19892763/s51363463/8bacc52c-e5130c1f-adaf1d8b-bbe97923-96d08ab9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e3dedb0-04a2fc6d-3e1bf544-23f6342b-63b0d570", "study_id": 50271016, "subject_id": 17520239, "report": "impression: Findings consistent with malignancy including suspicious right upper lobe\n nodule and marked right-sided perihilar lymphadenopathy. Chest CT is\n recommended to evaluate further when clinically appropriate. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is a large right hilar mass since the\n prior study as well as a new nodule in the right lung worrisome for perhaps a\n primary or metastatic focus of malignancy. Elsewhere, the lungs appear clear.\n There no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17520239/s50271016/9e3dedb0-04a2fc6d-3e1bf544-23f6342b-63b0d570.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b4a7873-c0f47a77-3c1f71ca-c10b5da1-9b166fe3", "study_id": 59788485, "subject_id": 18086903, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation. Increased opacity in\n the right hilar region is likely due to projection and in part due to\n patient's spine projecting in this region from mid thoracic mild\n dextroscoliosis. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. Known pulmonary\n nodules are not clearly identified on this x-ray. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits, noting a tortuous thoracic aorta. \n Surgical clips identified in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18086903/s59788485/4b4a7873-c0f47a77-3c1f71ca-c10b5da1-9b166fe3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e958223-907a44d0-7f35e938-0d282d04-696e2875", "study_id": 54441198, "subject_id": 12683111, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a\n somewhat better inspiration. There is still opacification in the retrocardiac\n region. Although most likely due to volume loss in the left lower lobe, in\n the appropriate clinical setting, supervening pneumonia would have to be\n considered.\n \n Mild right basilar atelectatic change. No evidence of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12683111/s54441198/9e958223-907a44d0-7f35e938-0d282d04-696e2875.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f2cee2a-e25ee247-252eb7d3-861f4d1e-35e38073", "study_id": 50288817, "subject_id": 17429337, "report": "impression: Subcarinal and left hilar opacities are concerning for mediastinal/hilar\n lymphadenopathy. Recommend CT chest for further evaluation. Findings: There is a large, rounded, sub- carinal opacity and an additional rounded\n opacity adjacent the left hilum. Lung volumes are low with crowding of the\n pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are otherwise clear without focal\n consolidation. Heart size is normal without pulmonary vascular congestion or\n pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n hilar silhouettes are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17429337/s50288817/2f2cee2a-e25ee247-252eb7d3-861f4d1e-35e38073.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d676dc30-22a1ec6e-184f5d08-23ca2f4b-9ab832fa", "study_id": 52579511, "subject_id": 18183841, "report": "impression: Persistent small right pneumothorax. Improving bibasilar\n atelectasis. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is unchanged small right\n pneumothorax. Bilateral chest tubes are in place. Bibasilar atelectasis has\n improved from prior exam. ET tube and right PICC line appear to be in\n unchanged locationz, though the PICC line is partly obscured by overlying\n mediastinal interfaces. There are no pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18183841/s52579511/d676dc30-22a1ec6e-184f5d08-23ca2f4b-9ab832fa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf80198f-40acc981-0d30279a-c59d3e92-0a0bc626", "study_id": 52701134, "subject_id": 13609618, "report": "impression: New opacities projecting over the lateral lower left lung may reflect a\n tracking pleural effusion, consolidation, or, given the peripheral location,\n pulmonary infarction from pulmonary embolus. To evaluate for effusion,\n lateral radiograph would be helpful. To evaluate for pulmonary embolus, chest\n CTA would be recommended. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Again noted are diffuse, bilateral, coarse,\n interstitial opacities overall not significantly changed compared to the prior\n examination. However, there is increased opacification over lateral left\n lower lung, possibly parenchymal or related to tracking pleural effusion. \n Possible trace right pleural effusion. The heart is not well evaluated given\n the overall parenchymal opacification. Cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes\n are grossly unchanged. Multiple bilateral rib deformities are not essentially\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13609618/s52701134/bf80198f-40acc981-0d30279a-c59d3e92-0a0bc626.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e74e88c-0bad1f2b-e845ec38-e57abc26-1585efad", "study_id": 58404151, "subject_id": 13366246, "report": "impression: Hazy in bilateral parenchymal opacities, left greater than right which could\n represent atelectasis versus aspiration in the setting of overdose. Findings: There are hazy bilateral upper lobe predominant opacities, left greater than\n right. Based on a supine film there is no definite effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13366246/s58404151/4e74e88c-0bad1f2b-e845ec38-e57abc26-1585efad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "63dd2e5d-cc784487-c20b1d1f-241903d5-24dc2899", "study_id": 53867980, "subject_id": 13245622, "report": "impression: Unchanged moderate left pleural effusion with probable associated\n atelectasis. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. A chronic moderate left pleural effusion appears similar in\n size compared to recent prior examination. Associated left lower lobe\n atelectasis is likely. There is no overt interstitial pulmonary edema. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13245622/s53867980/63dd2e5d-cc784487-c20b1d1f-241903d5-24dc2899.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1da7ff0-d2bb5c56-eef5385c-a1a0c1bd-ae204ca7", "study_id": 50384882, "subject_id": 19484821, "report": "impression: Bibasilar patchy opacities could reflect aspiration, atelectasis or infection.\n Severe emphysema. Known esophageal malignancy better assessed on prior CT. Findings: Lungs are hyperinflated with emphysematous changes again noted, most\n pronounced in the lung apices. Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged without evidence for pulmonary edema. Known esophageal malignancy\n is better assessed on the prior CT. Streaky opacities in the lung bases may\n reflect aspiration, atelectasis or infection. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19484821/s50384882/f1da7ff0-d2bb5c56-eef5385c-a1a0c1bd-ae204ca7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "811bc957-2206fa85-96105ba4-e32220b8-872838cd", "study_id": 53435029, "subject_id": 15596774, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax,\n vascular congestion, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15596774/s53435029/811bc957-2206fa85-96105ba4-e32220b8-872838cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b342aa32-94d3a543-f850fcdf-492c9af5-ea193f2e", "study_id": 51881513, "subject_id": 12726753, "report": "impression: Increase in opacity in the retrocardiac region, not seen on the prior lateral\n radiograph from ___, could represent developing infection. Findings: There is stable cardiomegaly. Prominence of the hilar structures is also\n unchanged, possibly lymphadenopathy given the patient's cirrhosis and HIV,\n conditions which predispose to lymphadenopathy.There is a new increase in\n opacity in the retrocardiac region, seen better on the lateral view, which\n could represent developing infection. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12726753/s51881513/b342aa32-94d3a543-f850fcdf-492c9af5-ea193f2e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff64a12a-c875c539-0050d8ee-678a942b-b0b153f1", "study_id": 51884070, "subject_id": 13637689, "report": "The lungs are mildly hyperinflated. \n There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. \n The cardiac contours are unremarkable. The right pulmonary artery is slightly\n more prominent than prior.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13637689/s51884070/ff64a12a-c875c539-0050d8ee-678a942b-b0b153f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ac70a17-0e5d941f-596c8075-5fb30992-56343394", "study_id": 55856729, "subject_id": 16090837, "report": "impression: Heterogenous opacity at the lower lung base which could reflect aspiration or\n pneumonia, routine oblique views of the chest are recommended to further\n characterize this abnormality. Findings: On the aforementioned comparison, the patient was noted to have an opacity at\n the left lung base for which dedicated chest x-ray was recommend. Again seen\n on lateral, is a heterogenous opacity overlying anterior lower thoracic spine.\n There was a left mild pleural effusion seen on ___ radiograph but\n has since resolved. The descending aorta is ectatic. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16090837/s55856729/3ac70a17-0e5d941f-596c8075-5fb30992-56343394.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "40949e74-f0b45e36-7053337b-0588a23d-3baa171e", "study_id": 55483844, "subject_id": 18727261, "report": "Increased opacities at the right lung base, moderate retrocardiac\n atelectasis. No evidence of pneumothorax. Borderline size of the cardiac\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18727261/s55483844/40949e74-f0b45e36-7053337b-0588a23d-3baa171e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fd4603d-2331156f-1b8ed192-be34cb6a-111c798e", "study_id": 57757589, "subject_id": 11055512, "report": "impression: Slight decrease in size of right apical pneumothorax Findings: Since prior, there has been a slight decrease in the size of a right apical\n pneumothorax, which now measures 1.9 cm. There is no evidence of tension. The\n lungs, heart, and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11055512/s57757589/4fd4603d-2331156f-1b8ed192-be34cb6a-111c798e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "020c72f5-580ce58a-6bd7b784-60db310c-a92d364f", "study_id": 51833841, "subject_id": 16956482, "report": "impression: Hazy right perihilar opacity may represent right upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Low lung volumes causes bronchovascular crowding. There is no effusion or\n pneumothorax. Hazy right perihilar opacity may represent pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Healing distal right clavicle\n fracture is again seen. Imaged osseous structures are otherwise intact. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. Metallic density at the right\n anterior chest may be exterior to the patient.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16956482/s51833841/020c72f5-580ce58a-6bd7b784-60db310c-a92d364f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df9100a4-a9657949-e8346798-17bd50eb-95ebdbe4", "study_id": 56497828, "subject_id": 10193023, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Opacity projecting over the right mid lung field corresponds to congenital\n fusion of the right-sided ribs, unchanged. Lung volumes are low which\n accentuate the size of the cardiac silhouette which appears mildly enlarged.\n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. Crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures is noted without pulmonary edema. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Remote left-sided\n rib fractures are re- demonstrated. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis\n is again seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10193023/s56497828/df9100a4-a9657949-e8346798-17bd50eb-95ebdbe4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cae376c-1ad16e3f-b8172c9a-b600f91f-f95a77d8", "study_id": 58822410, "subject_id": 19376456, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes but no acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Lung volumes are low, but there is no focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19376456/s58822410/2cae376c-1ad16e3f-b8172c9a-b600f91f-f95a77d8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b028442f-4289ad2e-d08f9572-1edaf42e-9bbe36ef", "study_id": 57938497, "subject_id": 12655910, "report": "impression: No substantial change compared to prior examination. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. A small left pleural effusion and\n adjacent atelectasis is present previously. A linear opacity in the right mid\n lung likely represent scarring, unchanged. Lungs are clear. Previously noted\n basilar opacities are less conspicuous on the current exam. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12655910/s57938497/b028442f-4289ad2e-d08f9572-1edaf42e-9bbe36ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f9cc8d6-313d4d7c-51853462-8b5191a7-a3a06664", "study_id": 50033798, "subject_id": 13800231, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are well-expanded\n and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13800231/s50033798/4f9cc8d6-313d4d7c-51853462-8b5191a7-a3a06664.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f381a949-184b0466-00f816a9-1791bbb1-48b9ce5d", "study_id": 53331453, "subject_id": 17436136, "report": "impression: There is no significant change since prior exam.\n \n 1. Pulmonary edema is mild.\n \n 2. Residual left pleural effusion is small to moderate. Findings: Left lower lung opacity is partly explained by mild chronically elevated\n hemidiaphragm as shown on the preop x-ray of ___. This is\n accompanied by basal atelectasis and small-to-moderate pleural effusion and is\n unchanged since ___, but improved since ___. \n Pulmonary edema is small in this patient with prior sternotomy and moderate\n cardiac enlargement. Right-sided PICC line ends in lower SVC. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17436136/s53331453/f381a949-184b0466-00f816a9-1791bbb1-48b9ce5d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab52499f-0d18f82e-7026926b-447fc4cb-1034b4be", "study_id": 51398286, "subject_id": 19791060, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. There is\n no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no\n pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19791060/s51398286/ab52499f-0d18f82e-7026926b-447fc4cb-1034b4be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0e0ab5b-4e0b7157-f146f239-52b06326-1140555f", "study_id": 53056843, "subject_id": 19593690, "report": "impression: Streaky bibasilar atelectasis without focal consolidation. Emphysema and\n probable moderate size hiatal hernia. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is present. The aorta is\n tortuous with atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the knob. There is\n likely a moderate-sized hiatal hernia. Hilar contours are normal. No\n pulmonary edema seen. Linear and streaky opacities in the lung bases likely\n reflect areas of atelectasis. Lungs are hyperinflated with relative\n attenuation of pulmonary vascular markings towards the apices suggestive of\n emphysema. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is duct identified. \n Moderate degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19593690/s53056843/f0e0ab5b-4e0b7157-f146f239-52b06326-1140555f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4da1581d-d5f8e3c4-6b28d8d0-e3a02a10-17663d24", "study_id": 53312720, "subject_id": 17932137, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. No\n pleural effusions. Normal appearance of the lung parenchyma. No acute or\n chronic lung disease.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17932137/s53312720/4da1581d-d5f8e3c4-6b28d8d0-e3a02a10-17663d24.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4816b90-a2bd871b-af655b68-d11396ce-8e9c5363", "study_id": 58437063, "subject_id": 18039147, "report": "impression: Both postsurgical changes and decrease in right pleural effusion. Findings: Improved aeration and decreased pleural densities on the right are seen\n compared to previous radiograph. Post surgical changes are noted in the right\n hemithorax. No focal consolidation or pulmonary edema is seen. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18039147/s58437063/a4816b90-a2bd871b-af655b68-d11396ce-8e9c5363.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3b87012-ef38e1cf-31ffb9f8-5d3f060b-2ec28325", "study_id": 55446608, "subject_id": 18596679, "report": "The lung volumes are low. There is an increasing pleural effusion\n on the left, although difficult to quantify, with patchy associated opacity,\n likely compatible with atelectasis. There is a newly apparent small pleural\n effusion on the right, again with patchy opacity probably due to atelectasis. \n A vague new left perihilar opacity may be due to a symmetric form of vascular\n edema, but other causes such as an infection are differential considerations\n based on the imaging. The bones are probably demineralized.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18596679/s55446608/e3b87012-ef38e1cf-31ffb9f8-5d3f060b-2ec28325.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "773ece84-a372a757-828c7719-283c8f48-afe2ff1e", "study_id": 59621242, "subject_id": 19464772, "report": "Frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrate an NG tube with the tip and side\n hole below the diaphragm. Dilated loops of small bowel are again appreciated\n predominantly in the left upper quadrant. There is pneumobilia. Compared to\n the earlier chest radiographs, lung volumes are lower and there appears to be\n new mild pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19464772/s59621242/773ece84-a372a757-828c7719-283c8f48-afe2ff1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bec9d226-1b7ce207-78a75db7-529ef26d-ae7af890", "study_id": 54741831, "subject_id": 13254017, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. This was discussed with Dr.\n ___ by phone by Dr. ___ at 16:45 on ___. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n The heart is normal in size with normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13254017/s54741831/bec9d226-1b7ce207-78a75db7-529ef26d-ae7af890.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3d658bce-dfbe743c-fd954590-a72523db-0368821a", "study_id": 56612414, "subject_id": 11620358, "report": "impression: Subtle left base opacity may be due to combination of atelectasis and\n epicardial fat, however, subtle consolidation is not excluded in the\n appropriate clinical setting. No displaced fracture seen. Findings: Subtle opacity at the left lung may be due to atelectasis although subtle\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. There is\n persistent apparent blunting of the right costophrenic angle on the frontal\n view, chronic. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary\n edema is seen. Vertebral body heights are grossly stable in appearance. No\n displaced fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11620358/s56612414/3d658bce-dfbe743c-fd954590-a72523db-0368821a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e332302-2fec0cd1-642c32f9-3f73a391-24e61c40", "study_id": 54500717, "subject_id": 10611071, "report": "impression: No new opacities concerning for pneumonia Findings: Both lungs are well expanded and clear. No opacities concerning for pneumonia\n or atelectasis or pulmonary edema. Mild right middle lobe bronchiectasis\n demonstrated on prior chest CTs is not well appreciated on chest radiograph.\n There is no pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10611071/s54500717/3e332302-2fec0cd1-642c32f9-3f73a391-24e61c40.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "12a469bb-284d2296-57e5069f-fbde0089-e87e90a6", "study_id": 55056697, "subject_id": 14296329, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged and within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14296329/s55056697/12a469bb-284d2296-57e5069f-fbde0089-e87e90a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29839207-ad8b16d0-78e8e795-42ea8b8a-eb4f46c4", "study_id": 51983062, "subject_id": 15656571, "report": "Bilateral low lung volumes are noted with\n crowding of bronchovascular markings. The cardiac silhouette is accentuated\n by low lung volumes. Bibasilar opacification appears slightly more prominent\n on today's study and may represent worsening atelectasis. Mild vascular\n congestion is noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15656571/s51983062/29839207-ad8b16d0-78e8e795-42ea8b8a-eb4f46c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b143f51e-9d46675b-64a189be-58b49d78-87c73891", "study_id": 52065791, "subject_id": 10646009, "report": "impression: No evidence of focal pneumonia. Findings: Tip of the right Port-A-Cath terminates in the upper SVC.\n \n Left lung volume is slightly lower than the right. No focal consolidation to\n suggest lobar pneumonia. Streaky right lung base opacity likely represents\n atelectasis. Note is made of a lobulated hyperdense structure projecting over\n the lower thoracic spine on the lateral view, and over the left heart border\n on the frontal view, which corresponds to a calcified pleural plaque. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. No subdiaphragmatic free air. No\n acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10646009/s52065791/b143f51e-9d46675b-64a189be-58b49d78-87c73891.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e6c082e-71a2e0f4-96e1b4f1-725ca999-233855df", "study_id": 56496848, "subject_id": 15339388, "report": "impression: Limited due to patient rotation. Subtle opacity in the right lower lung is\n potentially concerning for pneumonia. Dedicated PA and lateral views would be\n helpful to confirm. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Patient persistently rotated to\n the right. Subtle opacity at the right lung base is concerning for pneumonia.\n Left lung appears largely clear. No large effusion. No pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15339388/s56496848/3e6c082e-71a2e0f4-96e1b4f1-725ca999-233855df.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b095734c-4e82ddf4-4246cf89-499ffa64-73516ffb", "study_id": 57522801, "subject_id": 14376085, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the pulmonary vessels are\n less engorged and indistinct, consistent with some improvement in pulmonary\n vascular status. Hemodialysis catheter has been placed with its tip in the\n right atrium. Continued prominence of the cardiac silhouette without definite\n acute consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14376085/s57522801/b095734c-4e82ddf4-4246cf89-499ffa64-73516ffb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a966d088-077bd0d4-9b646913-84fb30b8-013181e4", "study_id": 57898581, "subject_id": 15592548, "report": "impression: No consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Mild cardiac enlargement\n with small right pleural effusion and vascular congestion. Findings: No consolidation, pulmonary edema or pneumothorax is seen. Small\n right pleural effusion is seen on the frontal and lateral chest radiographs. \n Mild cardiomegaly is seen with mild vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15592548/s57898581/a966d088-077bd0d4-9b646913-84fb30b8-013181e4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60cec1d8-c784d2a6-d621b706-3f19ca9b-e36423a9", "study_id": 52042197, "subject_id": 13274578, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is chronic. \n Severe rotary kyphoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine, convex to the left,\n is again demonstrated. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged, with the heart size within normal limits. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13274578/s52042197/60cec1d8-c784d2a6-d621b706-3f19ca9b-e36423a9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "594308fa-37e61bbb-92cd0a31-86939fde-46692e36", "study_id": 55005734, "subject_id": 18856970, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18856970/s55005734/594308fa-37e61bbb-92cd0a31-86939fde-46692e36.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b92fa3b3-018a897a-1fb9b815-2e9734bc-e88ccbc4", "study_id": 50430800, "subject_id": 19599769, "report": "impression: No definite evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process such as\n pneumonia. Mild left costophrenic blunting likely due to pericardial fat pad. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate stable mildly\n prominent cardiac silhouette, accentuated by low lung volumes. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. The lungs are\n clear with the exception of trace if any bibasilar atelectasis. Mild blunting\n of the left costophrenic angle may be related to presence of a pericardial fat\n pad. There is no pneumothorax or vascular congestion. Minimal multilevel\n lower thoracic spondylosis is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19599769/s50430800/b92fa3b3-018a897a-1fb9b815-2e9734bc-e88ccbc4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b55faad8-b6b80ec3-cd9d5254-2266c763-7d9981c7", "study_id": 58475634, "subject_id": 19891680, "report": "impression: 1. A disconnected left vagus nerve stimulator lead is in place.\n 2. Degenerative changes in the cervical and thoracic spine. Findings: A disconnected left vagus nerve stimulator lead is in place.\n \n Chest: Cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n There is no evidence for pulmonary consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. There are endplate degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine and a mild dextroconvex curvature in the upper thoracic spine.\n \n Neck: The contours of the aerodigestive tract are unremarkable. There are\n multilevel degenerative changes in the cervical spine, including minimal\n retrolisthesis at C3-C4 and C4-C5, and bilateral uncovertebral spurring from\n C4-C5 through C6-C7.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19891680/s58475634/b55faad8-b6b80ec3-cd9d5254-2266c763-7d9981c7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aeb0585a-a1ae5290-fcc28b58-4374f63e-e7a5d1f0", "study_id": 59972997, "subject_id": 12214714, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12214714/s59972997/aeb0585a-a1ae5290-fcc28b58-4374f63e-e7a5d1f0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b6c2cdc8-76c4616a-fb0ee6a1-bc0d9eaf-f0473723", "study_id": 52069275, "subject_id": 12237851, "report": "impression: 1.6 cm rounded opacity projecting over the lateral left lung base may\n represent nipple shadow. Recommend repeat chest radiograph with nipple\n markers for confirmation. Findings: 1.6 cm rounded opacity projecting over the lateral left lung base may\n represent nipple shadow. Recommend repeat with nipple markers for\n confirmation. The remainder of the lung fields are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable. A left-sided PICC terminates in the mid to low SVC.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12237851/s52069275/b6c2cdc8-76c4616a-fb0ee6a1-bc0d9eaf-f0473723.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9fa6faf-ae1ddc69-0a181f06-e41e334b-49df1016", "study_id": 52485182, "subject_id": 15203753, "report": "impression: Streaky retrocardiac opacity, probably attributable to\n atelectasis, but if pulmonary symptoms are present, short-term follow-up\n radiographs may be helpful if needed. Findings: The heart is normal in size. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is a streaky retrocardiac opacity, which is is likely\n explained by minor atelectasis. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15203753/s52485182/b9fa6faf-ae1ddc69-0a181f06-e41e334b-49df1016.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0738bfce-e4a0695e-2209ad50-6bd05ec9-feb15de2", "study_id": 55296993, "subject_id": 17107885, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No overt traumatic\n findings. Dedicated rib series may be helpful if there is focality on\n physical exam. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Slight increased attenuation projecting over bilateral lung\n bases is similar to prior examination and corresponds to soft tissue folds on\n the lateral view. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt traumatic abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17107885/s55296993/0738bfce-e4a0695e-2209ad50-6bd05ec9-feb15de2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "75d0f93c-ad44f5f9-058a5dd5-714895f5-3f96be17", "study_id": 57929078, "subject_id": 10824694, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs with no acute cardiopulmonary disease. \n Right subclavian PICC line extends to the mid to lower portion of the SVC.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10824694/s57929078/75d0f93c-ad44f5f9-058a5dd5-714895f5-3f96be17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0767d83-550fb444-c7e194e2-03a51913-3331e467", "study_id": 53194065, "subject_id": 18551091, "report": "Lung volumes are low with mild widening of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. \n There are minor bibasilar opacities, likely representing atelectatic changes. \n There is no definite evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18551091/s53194065/e0767d83-550fb444-c7e194e2-03a51913-3331e467.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5ac2b20-2b398e60-b12b8f56-f7e58422-b0343e2b", "study_id": 58011209, "subject_id": 14260816, "report": "impression: Slight improvement of left lingular opacity with new opacities in the right\n and left upper lobe, suggestive of worsening bronchopneumonia. Findings: New nodular opacities in the right upper and left upper lobes when compared to\n the prior. The lingular opacity is slightly less conspicuous. The heart is\n not enlarged. No adenopathy. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14260816/s58011209/a5ac2b20-2b398e60-b12b8f56-f7e58422-b0343e2b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cab92a76-75a83716-224be8f9-db12f3e7-9ee49a57", "study_id": 52436495, "subject_id": 18226605, "report": "impression: Right internal jugular central venous line tip terminates in the lower SVC. \n No pneumothorax.\n \n Endotracheal tube is too high and should be advanced slightly for more\n appropriate positioning. Findings: The newly placed right internal jugular central venous line tip terminates in\n the lower SVC. The right pleural effusion is now layering and volume loss of\n the right lower lobe is unchanged. There is development of new atelectasis in\n the left lower lobe, which is otherwise clear. The newly placed endotracheal\n tube projects 3.5 cm from the carina, but due to the kyphotic angulation for\n this radiograph, this appears falsely low, and in fact is likely too high. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18226605/s52436495/cab92a76-75a83716-224be8f9-db12f3e7-9ee49a57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec452a90-6fc81bd0-c69a4448-c92c5f4d-9681168e", "study_id": 50255373, "subject_id": 11993325, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Chronic fibrotic and\n emphysematous changes again noted. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The left\n costophrenic angle is not captured on this study, however, there does not\n appear to be a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Diffuse\n increased interstitial markings with paucity of vessels in some areas is\n consistent with interstitial and emphysematous disease. There is no focal\n consolidation concerning for pneumonia. Surgical clips in the right axilla\n are indicative of prior axillary lymph node dissection. Degenerative changes\n of the right glenohumeral joint are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11993325/s50255373/ec452a90-6fc81bd0-c69a4448-c92c5f4d-9681168e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0996da71-9cf42fb7-165d88e5-608a15b5-0728a03d", "study_id": 57915624, "subject_id": 14828338, "report": "impression: 1. PICC ends in the mid SVC.\n 2. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A right PICC ends in the mid SVC. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation or edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14828338/s57915624/0996da71-9cf42fb7-165d88e5-608a15b5-0728a03d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5fe3c7f-5a0e86cc-f31cdad8-3c4bd753-d9198a9b", "study_id": 59464944, "subject_id": 15772294, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion with mild perihilar haziness, new from the prior\n exam. Streaky opacities in the lung bases likely reflect areas of atelectasis.\n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. Mild\n degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15772294/s59464944/f5fe3c7f-5a0e86cc-f31cdad8-3c4bd753-d9198a9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "19948b28-411de63e-0fcb2bd9-09d5fba0-26f2969b", "study_id": 59697780, "subject_id": 10637168, "report": "Tracheostomy tube and feeding tube remain in place. Stable\n cardiomegaly accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial\n edema. Lung volumes are slightly increased compared to the prior study with\n associated improved aeration at both lung bases. Left hemidiaphragm is\n slightly elevated, and note is made of persistent small right and slightly\n improved small left pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10637168/s59697780/19948b28-411de63e-0fcb2bd9-09d5fba0-26f2969b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8fd2d91-daf9b6b8-8100722e-dc48e1b3-7271e31b", "study_id": 50864609, "subject_id": 15116019, "report": "impression: Moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema and severe cardiomegaly. No\n sign of pneumothorax after right pleural drain removal. Findings: Right IJ catheter is unchanged with tip ending in right atrium. \n Right pleural drain has been removed. There are no signs of pneumothorax. \n The lung volumes are still low with bilateral opacification due to moderate\n pulmonary edema. There is no pleural effusion. Heart size is still severely\n enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15116019/s50864609/f8fd2d91-daf9b6b8-8100722e-dc48e1b3-7271e31b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6570e063-eca8094a-daba0b19-56eb6fc0-3e674546", "study_id": 54418061, "subject_id": 16760715, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16760715/s54418061/6570e063-eca8094a-daba0b19-56eb6fc0-3e674546.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9c43567-3f46d358-77d958bd-6db704fa-7ab912ed", "study_id": 55021448, "subject_id": 11707554, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. Low lung volumes again seen on the current exam\n with discoid atelectasis at the left lung base. Lungs are clear of large\n confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11707554/s55021448/e9c43567-3f46d358-77d958bd-6db704fa-7ab912ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efaa280d-ca2b7a8b-f8668adf-a493e35a-86fc9c46", "study_id": 52387305, "subject_id": 18507376, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with central pulmonary vascular congestion and\n moderate interstitial pulmonary edema. The degree of edema appears worse than\n on subsequent CT evaluation suggestive some degree of improvement between the\n two exams. Findings: Lung volumes are low, exaggerating cardiac silhouette and causing\n crowding of the bronchopulmonary vasculature. Heart size is normal with mild\n tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is engorgement of the central\n pulmonary vasculature with increased interstitial lung markings compatible\n with moderate pulmonary edema. There is no clear focal consolidation\n suggestive of pneumonia. Pleural surfaces are clear without large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18507376/s52387305/efaa280d-ca2b7a8b-f8668adf-a493e35a-86fc9c46.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b20fdb9-fe08457d-85da8d17-834a65c5-ee83fed3", "study_id": 50175853, "subject_id": 12298456, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Compared with the prior radiograph, no significant change. Likely mild\n emphysema. The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are stable and\n within normal limits. Lungs are clear without pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12298456/s50175853/4b20fdb9-fe08457d-85da8d17-834a65c5-ee83fed3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e14fe951-db5a4d67-be0db0bd-c4ef83d4-8dccaa0d", "study_id": 58077322, "subject_id": 14618867, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is evident. No displaced rib fractures identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14618867/s58077322/e14fe951-db5a4d67-be0db0bd-c4ef83d4-8dccaa0d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "884a5533-89159dac-e3c94b75-6f1f4aa0-e9d003aa", "study_id": 56839141, "subject_id": 14082222, "report": "impression: The heart remains markedly enlarged and prominent bilateral pulmonary arteries\n are again seen suggesting underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. \n Overall, the pulmonary edema has somewhat improved although there are residual\n patchy opacities at both bases which may reflect residual edema or raise\n concern for superimposed pneumonia or aspiration. Clinical correlation is\n recommended. A rounded lucency in the right upper lung periphery likely\n corresponds to able when correlated with a chest CT from ___. There are\n small layering effusions. No pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral chest ___ at 11:50 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14082222/s56839141/884a5533-89159dac-e3c94b75-6f1f4aa0-e9d003aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce438263-03a47a96-82c686db-7689eca2-aee304fc", "study_id": 58020847, "subject_id": 16802373, "report": "impression: Resolution of prior seen opacity. No new focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates well expanded and clear\n lungs bilaterally. Prior seen opacity appreciated on lateral view posterior\n and inferior to hilar structures appears to be resolved. No new focal\n consolidation. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bilateral cervical ribs once\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16802373/s58020847/ce438263-03a47a96-82c686db-7689eca2-aee304fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5a96a40-da2b6e7d-7771f6af-609d682b-ca738585", "study_id": 59124773, "subject_id": 18279807, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear normal. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18279807/s59124773/b5a96a40-da2b6e7d-7771f6af-609d682b-ca738585.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e95db55-ec7bbe22-d89706b1-2a880eeb-23ca80a9", "study_id": 52446929, "subject_id": 13225373, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Air-filled loops of bowel appear unchanged from prior. Again, this may\n represent an ileus, although, a partial obstruction is not excluded. Findings: The lung volumes are low. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal air space consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Heart size is top normal. The mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. A gastric band is noted. Again seen are distended air-filled\n loops of bowel.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13225373/s52446929/8e95db55-ec7bbe22-d89706b1-2a880eeb-23ca80a9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92d18a02-02e937ff-9008bda9-eb60c098-b23659de", "study_id": 55313984, "subject_id": 12709147, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Frontal portable supine radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart\n size, mediastinal and hilar contours. Bibasilar atelectasis. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No free intraperitoneal air.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12709147/s55313984/92d18a02-02e937ff-9008bda9-eb60c098-b23659de.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1c2bc0f-370edbce-7dbe4995-cb1dc0f1-e77d0503", "study_id": 57362399, "subject_id": 14018231, "report": "impression: 1. Interval resolution of right pleural effusion and adjacent opacities.\n 2. Borderline enlarged heart size. Findings: The right pleural effusion and atelectasis noted on the prior study\n are much improved on today's study. The heart size is borderline enlarged. \n The mediastinal and hilar silhouettes appear normal. There is no pleural\n effusion on the left. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14018231/s57362399/f1c2bc0f-370edbce-7dbe4995-cb1dc0f1-e77d0503.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbbac536-0939ba19-a3579651-8264df59-0d117283", "study_id": 52405046, "subject_id": 14023270, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with mild pulmonary edema and probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart size is mildly enlarged. The mediastinal\n contour is unremarkable. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures\n with mild pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n Retrocardiac and right basilar patchy opacities likely reflect atelectasis. \n There are no acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14023270/s52405046/fbbac536-0939ba19-a3579651-8264df59-0d117283.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2572ade-11751593-4921ca75-fd277338-22d05a47", "study_id": 51187771, "subject_id": 11172557, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11172557/s51187771/a2572ade-11751593-4921ca75-fd277338-22d05a47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e2a6579-720c8687-a34d2007-528a9f65-c12e713f", "study_id": 51846543, "subject_id": 16805727, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Single-channel pacemaker lead\n extends to the region of the apex of the right ventricle. Cardiac silhouette\n is at the upper limits of normal in size. No vascular congestion, pleural\n effusion, or acute pneumonia.\n \n Specifically, no evidence of interstitial changes suggestive of amiodarone\n toxicity.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16805727/s51846543/1e2a6579-720c8687-a34d2007-528a9f65-c12e713f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3912dd3-54e55381-e58a2824-d3bea4da-4243e53f", "study_id": 52884562, "subject_id": 15455517, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. The patient has taken a better inspiration. There\n is continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with no evidence of\n vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia. Mild retrocardiac atelectatic\n changes are seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15455517/s52884562/e3912dd3-54e55381-e58a2824-d3bea4da-4243e53f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9c702a4-787e58f0-aa417c8e-1cd80adf-3dc47136", "study_id": 50565636, "subject_id": 13277883, "report": "impression: Status post median sternotomy with stable cardiac and mediastinal contours.\n Interval removal of the right internal jugular introducing catheter. There are\n small layering bilateral effusions with patchy bibasilar opacities likely\n reflecting atelectasis. No evidence of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.\n Surgical clips overlying the right lateral upper chest consistent with prior\n surgery. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest ___ at ___ are submitted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13277883/s50565636/d9c702a4-787e58f0-aa417c8e-1cd80adf-3dc47136.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "64e80410-12bb36ad-28b445b4-0280e296-f907953a", "study_id": 55970229, "subject_id": 16277550, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace\n consolidation. Heart is mildly enlarged but unchanged from at least ___. No\n pulmonary edema. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. A severe\n compression deformity of the lower thoracic spine is unchanged from ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16277550/s55970229/64e80410-12bb36ad-28b445b4-0280e296-f907953a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ffebc29-ad635d9d-e33b5f02-d77bc632-001b5997", "study_id": 54297119, "subject_id": 15666867, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15666867/s54297119/6ffebc29-ad635d9d-e33b5f02-d77bc632-001b5997.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc8c40bf-3ad89668-64043e53-382c3e8a-a8c2fef1", "study_id": 58659531, "subject_id": 15610631, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions, greater on the left than right, with\n increased left basilar opacity, not specific, although most frequently\n attributable to atelectasis. No evidence for parenchymal edema. Findings: The patient is status post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. \n There is a left internal jugular venous catheter terminating in the superior\n vena cava, unchanged. The heart is again mild to moderately enlarged. There\n is a very small pleural effusion on the right. Opacification of the lower\n left hemithorax has increased substantially and includes a retrocardiac\n opacity with air bronchograms that is likely compatible with atelectasis; a\n small to moderate pleural effusion probably coincides. There is also a small\n pleural effusion on the right. Fissures appear mildly thickened. There is no\n evidence for parenchymal edema. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15610631/s58659531/bc8c40bf-3ad89668-64043e53-382c3e8a-a8c2fef1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5704bb68-7d54bf67-c07706d7-e786a0e0-99de2855", "study_id": 50658726, "subject_id": 15195362, "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates about 2.7 cm above the carina. \n Trachea is markedly shifted through the left due to a large right superior\n mediastinal mass which arises from the thyroid gland as demonstrated on neck\n CT of ___. Heart is enlarged and accompanied by mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. A new area of airspace opacity has developed in the\n right infrahilar region, and could reflect asymmetrical edema. Differential\n diagnosis includes an acute aspiration event. Bilateral small pleural\n effusions are also demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195362/s50658726/5704bb68-7d54bf67-c07706d7-e786a0e0-99de2855.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a7086abe-ec7d3633-cc301a3d-06d2d00f-850c35b3", "study_id": 58876714, "subject_id": 19959499, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post median sternotomy. There is a single-lead left-sided AICD with\n lead extending to the expected position of the right ventricle. The cardiac\n silhouette remains enlarged. Mediastinal contours are grossly stable. There\n is subtle increase in opacity projecting over the right lung base which may\n have been present on the prior study although is not well evaluated. Findings\n may be due to underlying infection or aspiration versus prominence of the\n pulmonary vasculature. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is\n prominence of the central pulmonary vasculature.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19959499/s58876714/a7086abe-ec7d3633-cc301a3d-06d2d00f-850c35b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f99bf69-bd94593c-3b270206-6f2f4c66-3c8c40a8", "study_id": 58591860, "subject_id": 11865423, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear of focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart is top normal in size, and the mediastinal silhouette is normal.\n There is no intraperitoneal free air noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11865423/s58591860/6f99bf69-bd94593c-3b270206-6f2f4c66-3c8c40a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "629246a4-c156ba96-18b5b9d6-38fb30be-c725b18d", "study_id": 53483470, "subject_id": 12637864, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increased\n opacification at both bases with poor definition of the hemidiaphragms,\n consistent with bilateral pleural effusions and compressive basilar\n atelectasis. There may be minimal elevation of pulmonary venous pressure.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12637864/s53483470/629246a4-c156ba96-18b5b9d6-38fb30be-c725b18d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5114e948-f4182f7c-7c7a0d47-ca56c333-491bca6d", "study_id": 57729830, "subject_id": 17976305, "report": "impression: Peribronchial opacities, likely in the left lower lobe are concerning for\n infection. Findings: Peribronchial opacities, best appreciated on the lateral view, are likely in\n the left lower lobe. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart is normal\n size. There is no pulmonary edema. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Sternotomy wires and clips are constant.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17976305/s57729830/5114e948-f4182f7c-7c7a0d47-ca56c333-491bca6d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd6ea311-57726580-358ca128-b67fb04e-7b9733e6", "study_id": 51618496, "subject_id": 11172056, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema, resulting from decompensated congestive\n heart failure. In the right clinical setting, the more focal opacity in the\n right lower lung could represent infectious consolidation. Repeat imaging may\n be obtained after diuresis to better assess this region. Findings: There is mild pulmonary edema, with\n a new more focal area of consolidation in the right lower lung field. There\n is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heart size is unchanged. There\n are incompletely imaged cervical spinal hardware.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11172056/s51618496/dd6ea311-57726580-358ca128-b67fb04e-7b9733e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d19ae437-4ccc7415-2b49ec2c-01fc8286-48bedd3f", "study_id": 51354777, "subject_id": 15385040, "report": "impression: Persistent extensive opacification of the left mid to lower lung. New right\n mid lung opacification suggesting a new area of pneumonia. Findings: Lung volumes have decreased but allowing for that, there has not necessarily\n been any real change in persistent opacification of the left mid to lower lung\n suggesting pneumonia. A coinciding pleural effusion is possible but not well\n demonstrated. There is vague but focal new right mid lung opacification. There\n is no pleural effusion on the right. Background bullous changes are suggested\n at the lung apices.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15385040/s51354777/d19ae437-4ccc7415-2b49ec2c-01fc8286-48bedd3f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb42e7df-619fce41-831e44a2-9b30c3e3-1af073f8", "study_id": 53346123, "subject_id": 12468016, "report": "impression: Limited radiograph secondary to patient positioning, with low lung volumes and\n bibasilar opacities likely representing atelectasis. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with accentuation of the pulmonary vasculature.\n Heterogeneous bibasilar opacities likely represent atelectasis. No evidence of\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12468016/s53346123/fb42e7df-619fce41-831e44a2-9b30c3e3-1af073f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a88200d1-f4cfc5c0-6c19410d-688761ee-20130eba", "study_id": 50637811, "subject_id": 12586818, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe pneumonia. Recommend follow-up radiograph in ___ weeks after\n treatment to ensure resolution. Findings: New asymmetric increased opacity in the region of the right middle lobe, with\n more prominent appearance of the minor fissure, most consistent with\n pneumonia. No pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Stable\n appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila since ___.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12586818/s50637811/a88200d1-f4cfc5c0-6c19410d-688761ee-20130eba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee1f5836-bff8510a-d0c32312-aa4e26f3-50998c23", "study_id": 59572899, "subject_id": 14871665, "report": "impression: Likely left basilar opacity seen on lateral view suspicious for left lower\n lobe aspiration or infection. Findings: Lung volumes are low. On lateral view, there is opacity projecting over the\n spine, likely corresponding to a left basilar opacity. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n no overt pulmonary edema. A single air-filled distended loop of likely large\n bowel is seen in the left upper quadrant. There is no acute osseous\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14871665/s59572899/ee1f5836-bff8510a-d0c32312-aa4e26f3-50998c23.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a84ab0e-a69de3e3-8f301d25-f773d5d3-3c0c180b", "study_id": 54448491, "subject_id": 12844705, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities\n Previously described lung nodules on CT should be re-evaluated with CT, in\n that study, nodular opacity in the left apex can also be evaluated Findings: There is mild cardiomegaly. The aorta is tortuous. The lungs are grossly clear\n and hyper inflated. Small nodules described in prior CT are below the\n resolution of these radiograph, followup with CT is recommended. In the left\n upper hemi thorax projecting over the anterior first rib, un increased density\n is likely the costochondral junction but could be a lung nodule. There is\n S-shaped scoliosis", "image_path": [ "p12/p12844705/s54448491/7a84ab0e-a69de3e3-8f301d25-f773d5d3-3c0c180b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5a72ccf-a40675d6-049ee791-6d720cde-4aad5ae5", "study_id": 53142251, "subject_id": 16246127, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis. Probable pericardial\n calcifications. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. \n Left-sided pacemaker device with leads terminating in right atrium and right\n ventricle is present. Curvilinear calcification on the lateral view along the\n left atrial and left ventricular contours is likely pericardial in etiology. \n Heart size is mildly enlarged but likely accentuated due to the low lung\n volumes. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. Patchy and linear opacities within the lung bases are\n likely reflective of atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mild loss of height of a mid/low thoracic vertebral body is noted. \n There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16246127/s53142251/c5a72ccf-a40675d6-049ee791-6d720cde-4aad5ae5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2680e80-db775767-0da753e4-266f301b-2b5ff45e", "study_id": 53701276, "subject_id": 14828993, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14828993/s53701276/a2680e80-db775767-0da753e4-266f301b-2b5ff45e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9aac1b3-ed83b4ee-2b510a40-b1f18c16-3c152997", "study_id": 57776509, "subject_id": 17604134, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen. Left humeral head prosthesis is partially\n imaged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17604134/s57776509/a9aac1b3-ed83b4ee-2b510a40-b1f18c16-3c152997.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "249ce392-8cbc2b68-9cb77b30-cbd06ea6-6ce16267", "study_id": 53494572, "subject_id": 19479764, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19479764/s53494572/249ce392-8cbc2b68-9cb77b30-cbd06ea6-6ce16267.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25330182-bb9b9df5-6a9d0237-1d9a4f6d-c1d95e5c", "study_id": 58528840, "subject_id": 12763897, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: There is an orogastric tube seen with its tip at least in the distal stomach.\n There is some atelectasis of the left lower lung. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are within normal limits. The pleural surfaces\n are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12763897/s58528840/25330182-bb9b9df5-6a9d0237-1d9a4f6d-c1d95e5c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b156b3b-e5f84640-86809c66-c413c396-4b958021", "study_id": 51013257, "subject_id": 15221482, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are unremarkable. There is\n no free air under the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15221482/s51013257/8b156b3b-e5f84640-86809c66-c413c396-4b958021.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf4bd298-859807bd-8f678081-65f39ff7-606fc526", "study_id": 52770860, "subject_id": 18017378, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No hiatal hernia visualized. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is mild calcification of the aortic arch. The lungs are\n clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. There is minimal scarring\n within the lung apices. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n Clips are seen in the upper abdomen. No acute osseous abnormalities seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18017378/s52770860/cf4bd298-859807bd-8f678081-65f39ff7-606fc526.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0886c794-a981dcdc-ccdc8d6d-ef5fd614-9a195b73", "study_id": 57137782, "subject_id": 17265012, "report": "impression: Apparent mediastinal widening corresponds to mediastinal lipomatosis on chest\n CT. Multiple healed rib fracture. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged. There is no pleural effusion. \n Multiple healed rib fractures are present. Pacer leads seen in the right\n atrium and right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17265012/s57137782/0886c794-a981dcdc-ccdc8d6d-ef5fd614-9a195b73.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f070c2ab-602c45cb-181b8f76-93ce0457-57bf5d22", "study_id": 55589462, "subject_id": 18748813, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no evidence of pulmonary\n edema or frank pneumonitis. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18748813/s55589462/f070c2ab-602c45cb-181b8f76-93ce0457-57bf5d22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1e5e221-d8b2884f-2e14ea3f-5c053d27-207627f3", "study_id": 53652547, "subject_id": 11486239, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the right chest\n tube has been removed and there is no evidence of pneumothorax. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11486239/s53652547/d1e5e221-d8b2884f-2e14ea3f-5c053d27-207627f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "450ecc30-56a1a618-b1f616f3-e7f3bc16-8cd07662", "study_id": 51449025, "subject_id": 11826927, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Dual lumen central venous catheter tip from an inferior approach terminates\n within the SVC/right atrial junction. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear. \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. \n Vascular clips are seen within the right axilla with dense vascular\n calcifications. Additionally a vascular stent is seen within the left axilla.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11826927/s51449025/450ecc30-56a1a618-b1f616f3-e7f3bc16-8cd07662.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b979ea2a-6e975ccc-8f3a4e7e-f53a1b92-685e6537", "study_id": 55335282, "subject_id": 17800984, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and\n hilar contours are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. \n There is moderate-to-severe dextroscoliosis of the mid thoracic spine. A\n moderate-sized hiatal hernia is noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17800984/s55335282/b979ea2a-6e975ccc-8f3a4e7e-f53a1b92-685e6537.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f7313b5c-a517500b-c8cc7682-5f12d41a-672ff5a0", "study_id": 54059862, "subject_id": 19985545, "report": "impression: No acute process Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old healed rib fractures are noted on the\n right fifth and sixth anterior ribs.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19985545/s54059862/f7313b5c-a517500b-c8cc7682-5f12d41a-672ff5a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4a67e69-26c5da82-52643072-36b388d8-4063d1c4", "study_id": 59403951, "subject_id": 15399372, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Wedge deformity of a\n lower thoracic/upper lumbar vertebral body could be old; however, clinical\n correlation is suggested. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from earlier the same day at ___. The lungs remain clear. There is no\n effusion, pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is slightly enlarged. Severe\n degenerative changes noted at the glenohumeral joints bilaterally. Anterior\n wedging of the lower thoracic vertebral body versus upper lumbar vertebral\n body is age indeterminate and clinical correlation is recommended. Surgical\n clips project over the right axilla.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15399372/s59403951/d4a67e69-26c5da82-52643072-36b388d8-4063d1c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "794abd95-176e9a32-9f89efe9-bcf9d1ea-83de8987", "study_id": 56469031, "subject_id": 17153292, "report": "impression: No radiographic findings to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There are no focal consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax on\n today's CXR. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17153292/s56469031/794abd95-176e9a32-9f89efe9-bcf9d1ea-83de8987.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cadc185f-c53c86e9-e63fa68e-25cef0ec-b6e05bd5", "study_id": 56823324, "subject_id": 18799107, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Mild to\n moderate degenerative changes are noted in the imaged thoracolumbar spine. \n Mild deformity of the right lateral tenth rib suggests a remote fracture.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18799107/s56823324/cadc185f-c53c86e9-e63fa68e-25cef0ec-b6e05bd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08c811ec-4b239607-2064e953-3b39a23a-42775919", "study_id": 54537820, "subject_id": 19453522, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19453522/s54537820/08c811ec-4b239607-2064e953-3b39a23a-42775919.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28b885d1-6301b819-b11e1311-ff87b3eb-551d0c26", "study_id": 58642612, "subject_id": 16342008, "report": "impression: No hilar lymphadenopathy concerning for sarcoidosis. No acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16342008/s58642612/28b885d1-6301b819-b11e1311-ff87b3eb-551d0c26.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16b64611-fcd08b21-b6183620-1cad5e2b-4b8bcdd7", "study_id": 53945669, "subject_id": 10044189, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Upright AP and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the lungs are\n well expanded, with no evidence of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal\n airspace opacification. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, and the\n cardiac size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. There is no subdiaphragmatic\n free air.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10044189/s53945669/16b64611-fcd08b21-b6183620-1cad5e2b-4b8bcdd7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1eb41522-1104070e-d0dd604c-258252e2-f05f7b47", "study_id": 59257109, "subject_id": 11826927, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no interval change\n or evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion. \n \n Dialysis catheter from an inferior approach again extends to the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11826927/s59257109/1eb41522-1104070e-d0dd604c-258252e2-f05f7b47.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "176a255d-553ec718-4c2cacce-6feeb586-3523df25", "study_id": 52995074, "subject_id": 18874543, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the guidewire has been\n withdrawn and, as a consequence, line is more difficult to visualize. \n However, the tip of the line projects over the lower SVC, it appears as if the\n catheter would have been pulled back by approximately 1 to 2 cm in the\n interval. There is no evidence of kinking of the catheter. Normal catheter\n course. No major changes in the appearance of the lung parenchyma, in\n particular of the known mild retrocardiac and left perihilar parenchymal\n opacities. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18874543/s52995074/176a255d-553ec718-4c2cacce-6feeb586-3523df25.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d5d158e2-fbe4ae8c-e14b2ec5-615338a4-746533aa", "study_id": 54306513, "subject_id": 16940596, "report": "impression: There is very mild new left lower lobe atelectasis. Findings: There are new mild left lower lobe opacities compatible with atelectasis. \n There is no pneumothorax. Very mild left pleural effusion. The lines and\n tubes are in unchanged position. The mediastinal and cardiac contour are\n within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16940596/s54306513/d5d158e2-fbe4ae8c-e14b2ec5-615338a4-746533aa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3006922-b18a345e-f4d8eee1-9855f8fa-79bbde0a", "study_id": 54739564, "subject_id": 11248852, "report": "impression: No evidence of pulmonary edema. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The heart is top-normal in size. The\n mediastinal contour, hila, and cardiac borders normal. No pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11248852/s54739564/c3006922-b18a345e-f4d8eee1-9855f8fa-79bbde0a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5070f688-363595b7-25be12ba-c8de1df9-a2007834", "study_id": 52737862, "subject_id": 17705518, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate clear lungs bilaterally. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No air under the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen. Osseous structures are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17705518/s52737862/5070f688-363595b7-25be12ba-c8de1df9-a2007834.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78a43a21-8a9429e7-4426c556-c4ed9312-02ba45ca", "study_id": 52759589, "subject_id": 14247952, "report": "impression: Limited exam.\n \n 1. Small right pleural effusion.\n 2. Probable hiatal hernia.\n 3. No overt evidence of pneumonia. Findings: AP portable supine view of the chest. Leftward rotation limits assessment. \n Lung volumes are markedly low. Kyphotic angulation of the chest with\n scoliotic deformity also somewhat limits evaluation.\n \n Allowing for limitations, the left lung appears clear. There is likely a\n retrocardiac gas containing structure suggesting hiatal hernia. Right basal\n opacity may represent a small pleural effusion. No supine evidence for\n pneumothorax. No definite fracture. Heart size difficult to assess. \n Mediastinal contour grossly unremarkable though not fully characterized. A\n compression deformity is noted in the lower thoracic spine, most likely\n chronic.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14247952/s52759589/78a43a21-8a9429e7-4426c556-c4ed9312-02ba45ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e62be821-a574d8f9-49ac681e-9f790c21-5658dfa0", "study_id": 50635841, "subject_id": 18305480, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in\n the appearance of the heart and lungs. Cardiac silhouette is at the upper\n limits of normal in size and there is no evidence of vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia. Blunting of the left costophrenic\n angle is again seen and there is atelectatic change at the base.\n \n There is an air-fluid level projected over the mediastinum consistent with the\n recent surgery. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18305480/s50635841/e62be821-a574d8f9-49ac681e-9f790c21-5658dfa0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bbc0e34-a218ed90-87e75915-686fabc3-8544e8ef", "study_id": 54382134, "subject_id": 14124344, "report": "impression: Increased pleural-based density at the right base. This may represent a\n partially loculated hemothorax in the setting of recent trauma. Recommend CT\n of the chest for additional evaluation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrated hyperexpanded lungs.\n Increased pleural-based density at the right base posteriorly may represent a\n partially loculated hemorrhagic right-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pneumothorax. \n Increased soft tissue density seen in the posterior soft tissues adjacent to\n the pleural based abnormality on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14124344/s54382134/8bbc0e34-a218ed90-87e75915-686fabc3-8544e8ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c708f03-b6e426a9-754dcd6d-c4363523-2d32c326", "study_id": 52126736, "subject_id": 19584791, "report": "impression: 1. Right lower lobe pneumonia.\n \n 2. A rounded density projecting over the anterior right second rib was not\n seen on ___. Attention on follow-up and correlation with clinical\n examination is recommended as this may lie outside the patient. Findings: A right lower lobe opacity is concerning for pneumonia. A rounded density\n projecting over the anterior right second rib was not seen on ___. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19584791/s52126736/7c708f03-b6e426a9-754dcd6d-c4363523-2d32c326.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad12bde0-7c70509c-22ff0d02-5b39f478-79a16f14", "study_id": 55871248, "subject_id": 15216748, "report": "impression: Overall interval improvement of the mild small bilateral pleural effusions and\n mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The right-sided IJ terminates in the mid SVC. There has been\n interval improvement of the mild bibasilar atelectasis as well as small\n bilateral pleural effusions compared to the prior exam. Streak opacity\n overlying the mid left lung likely secondary to atelectasis. There is stable\n mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly with evidence of mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion; however, there is no evidence of pulmonary edema. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15216748/s55871248/ad12bde0-7c70509c-22ff0d02-5b39f478-79a16f14.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24dba0ee-356a3f1f-2cc463c2-633f48fe-9b076248", "study_id": 54505806, "subject_id": 16259178, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contours is unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16259178/s54505806/24dba0ee-356a3f1f-2cc463c2-633f48fe-9b076248.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ca764dc-25d522c0-8bfd727a-cc321b31-24b20f86", "study_id": 53234854, "subject_id": 15497121, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15497121/s53234854/0ca764dc-25d522c0-8bfd727a-cc321b31-24b20f86.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb02f918-caf7c71e-1e1fee65-12df5a87-738972d0", "study_id": 57667093, "subject_id": 16546003, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16546003/s57667093/cb02f918-caf7c71e-1e1fee65-12df5a87-738972d0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be4e3efa-36b2e563-0b98fc87-e5e7988e-7efbe2fc", "study_id": 55409636, "subject_id": 12542274, "report": "impression: Severe emphysema. No other acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Increased lucency in both upper lobes suggest emphysema. No\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12542274/s55409636/be4e3efa-36b2e563-0b98fc87-e5e7988e-7efbe2fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96f9237e-9340c1eb-0ca6d84d-672f9dbc-743119d9", "study_id": 55058217, "subject_id": 19394562, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19394562/s55058217/96f9237e-9340c1eb-0ca6d84d-672f9dbc-743119d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03bf2c31-77f9ee11-2a243db8-e2977685-25ca655d", "study_id": 58333691, "subject_id": 16662316, "report": "impression: Hyperinflation without superimposed consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are\n hyperinflated but remain clear focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Old right posterolateral rib fracture is\n again seen. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662316/s58333691/03bf2c31-77f9ee11-2a243db8-e2977685-25ca655d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5316d78-fda42143-4755b12d-992c0387-c0051bb0", "study_id": 50798875, "subject_id": 10962781, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a heart which is top-normal\n in size and fairly well-aerated lungs without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10962781/s50798875/e5316d78-fda42143-4755b12d-992c0387-c0051bb0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "65b2bdf2-94c1cd8c-2d92c3e8-7cba5ab9-fcf2a486", "study_id": 56007934, "subject_id": 10909579, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is mildly enlarged but unchanged. The aorta is\n unfolded. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Minimal linear opacity in the right lung base may\n reflect an area of scarring. Several clips are re- demonstrated in the right\n upper quadrant of the abdomen. A bullet fragment projects over the midline\n upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10909579/s56007934/65b2bdf2-94c1cd8c-2d92c3e8-7cba5ab9-fcf2a486.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ac035f8-d9b50b3e-3c7fc5a3-6fdd9919-0c4e5e61", "study_id": 51493638, "subject_id": 11945171, "report": "impression: Markedly low lung volumes and bibasilar opacities suggest atelectasis however\n infection should be considered in the appropriate setting. Markedly widened\n mediastinum is related to a large known aortic dissection. Findings: Lung volumes are markedly low, which accentuates bronchovascular markings and\n enlarges the cardiac silhouette. Given that, the heart is enlarged. The\n course of the aorta is irregular consistent with a known large thoracic aortic\n dissection. Calcification along the thoracic aorta is demonstrated. Subtle\n basal opacities likely represent atelectasis. No overt pulmonary edema. Of\n note, soft tissue density overlying the left apex is most likely related to\n overlying soft tissue.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11945171/s51493638/4ac035f8-d9b50b3e-3c7fc5a3-6fdd9919-0c4e5e61.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8f7bb26-dd90ee45-ae1bd4a2-13c4a83e-f19ca1f3", "study_id": 53505745, "subject_id": 18895408, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities are identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18895408/s53505745/e8f7bb26-dd90ee45-ae1bd4a2-13c4a83e-f19ca1f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de1c66f6-c38e12c0-2b234966-74bbf122-851b63ad", "study_id": 57646021, "subject_id": 10313534, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device with leads terminating in the right atrium and\n right ventricle is unchanged. The heart size remains normal. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are stable, with atherosclerotic calcifications again noted\n at the aortic knob. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The lungs\n remain hyperinflated with unchanged blunting of the left costophrenic angle on\n the lateral view, which may be due to chronic pleural thickening. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral breast\n implants are noted. There are multilevel mild degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine. Remote fracture of the left 6th rib posteriorly is re-\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10313534/s57646021/de1c66f6-c38e12c0-2b234966-74bbf122-851b63ad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ace7065-25b97726-6e0bb478-4ba553c5-071197a1", "study_id": 54678640, "subject_id": 12418065, "report": "impression: No radiopaque foreign body detected. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified. No evidence of a radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12418065/s54678640/5ace7065-25b97726-6e0bb478-4ba553c5-071197a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "367d0a86-d0cf7558-7569e8f2-7ad5f0e6-6f6a6c4c", "study_id": 55628753, "subject_id": 13067408, "report": "impression: Satisfactory position of right IJ catheter without evidence of line related\n complications including pneumothorax. Findings: A right internal jugular catheter terminates in the distal SVC. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lung volumes are low but the lungs are\n clear. Trace pleural effusions are difficult to exclude. Heart is normal in\n size normal cardiomediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13067408/s55628753/367d0a86-d0cf7558-7569e8f2-7ad5f0e6-6f6a6c4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1cc5a9cd-68f10479-e5c65efc-95fbac89-20eccd73", "study_id": 54486178, "subject_id": 18550222, "report": "impression: 1. No overt evidence for cardiac failure although slight upper zone\n redistribution suggesting venous hypertension. \n \n 2. Very small suspected right-sided pleural effusion with associated opacity,\n likely minor atelectasis. Findings: A dual lead pacemaker/ICD device with leads terminating in the\n right atrium and ventricle, apparently via an anomalous left-sided superior\n vena cava, appears unchanged. The heart is again moderately enlarged. Patchy\n opacities about the heart suggest unchanged atelectasis or scarring in the\n adjacent lung parenchyma associated with cardiomegaly. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours appear similar. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There is\n a slight upper zone redistribution of the pulmonary vascularity, but no overt\n congestive heart failure. There is patchy posterior basilar opacity,\n silhouetting the right hemidiaphragm suggesting a trace right-sided pleural\n effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18550222/s54486178/1cc5a9cd-68f10479-e5c65efc-95fbac89-20eccd73.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec39797e-13c50242-fd38e53e-a8d4fc2a-75147679", "study_id": 50566748, "subject_id": 18840259, "report": "impression: Mild prominence of the hila which may be due to central pulmonary vascular\n engorgement, underlying lymphadenopathy not entirely excluded. No focal\n consolidation. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.\n There is mild prominence of the hila which may be due to central pulmonary\n vascular engorgement, underlying lymphadenopathy not entirely excluded.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18840259/s50566748/ec39797e-13c50242-fd38e53e-a8d4fc2a-75147679.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a77f902-cae3c24f-2bc28c24-4ddc5427-5d30dbfd", "study_id": 58253009, "subject_id": 10011607, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. Costophrenic angles are sharp. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable, noting mildly tortuous aorta. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unchanged, noting surgical clips within\n the neck on the left.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10011607/s58253009/9a77f902-cae3c24f-2bc28c24-4ddc5427-5d30dbfd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c883735d-dfec34ce-0319e12d-06bbffb3-654accd8", "study_id": 56043544, "subject_id": 18273833, "report": "impression: Extremely low lung volumes. Increased interstitial markings in lungs\n bilaterally right greater than left when compared to prior suggestive of\n edema. More confluent opacity of the right lung base raising possibility of\n superimposed infection. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Exam is extremely limited secondary to\n extremely low lung volumes. That said, there has been significant interval\n change since prior with indistinct pulmonary vascular markings and possible\n more confluent consolidation at the right lung base. Osseous structures are\n unremarkable. Rounded calcific density in the right upper quadrant compatible\n with calcified gallstones.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18273833/s56043544/c883735d-dfec34ce-0319e12d-06bbffb3-654accd8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3edb56d7-f6a8fff6-1c458838-59493db1-ae2a8dd4", "study_id": 51886418, "subject_id": 13946351, "report": "impression: Lungs are now clear. Findings: On the current exam, the lungs are clear. Opacity projecting over lung bases\n on lateral view was not clearly delineated on today's exam. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13946351/s51886418/3edb56d7-f6a8fff6-1c458838-59493db1-ae2a8dd4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d0c543a-91ef257e-62e1db29-dda97097-7c402a9f", "study_id": 52207983, "subject_id": 12574098, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12574098/s52207983/6d0c543a-91ef257e-62e1db29-dda97097-7c402a9f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e412386-08b25501-903f012a-655cea64-5e012fce", "study_id": 53060738, "subject_id": 15859905, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15859905/s53060738/0e412386-08b25501-903f012a-655cea64-5e012fce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfa58a33-2073cafa-7d4878d0-a6545c34-131ab6d6", "study_id": 50973118, "subject_id": 13087951, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema and bibasilar atelectasis. Right internal\n jugular central venous catheter tip in the low SVC without pneumothorax. Findings: Right internal jugular central venous catheter tip terminates in the low SVC. \n Heart size is moderately enlarged. The aorta is diffusely calcified and\n tortuous. Mild to moderate pulmonary edema is present. No large pleural\n effusion is present. There is minimal atelectasis in the lung bases. No\n pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13087951/s50973118/cfa58a33-2073cafa-7d4878d0-a6545c34-131ab6d6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daf633ef-203693c7-d649b467-156b71d9-06143368", "study_id": 56268474, "subject_id": 15319814, "report": "There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There continues to be\n volume loss/infiltrate in the right lower lobe, although there has been some\n interval partial clearing. Upper lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15319814/s56268474/daf633ef-203693c7-d649b467-156b71d9-06143368.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "694da162-526e45f5-4b56613e-b3133d53-387ad70f", "study_id": 56395456, "subject_id": 11831106, "report": "impression: Bilateral lower lobe volume loss more extensive on the right than on the left.\n Is unclear if this is all volume loss or if an underlying infiltrate is also\n present Findings: As seen on the thoracic spine films from earlier the same day there is severe\n volume loss in both lower lungs as seen by retrocardiac opacities. The right\n mainstem bronchus in particular is deviated downward secondary to this volume\n loss however. There has been some slight improved aeration in the right mid\n lung", "image_path": [ "p11/p11831106/s56395456/694da162-526e45f5-4b56613e-b3133d53-387ad70f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "704dbdeb-1d83c717-84352f14-577bb0f5-a59906e2", "study_id": 50912569, "subject_id": 16987608, "report": "impression: 1) Emphysematous changes with minimal bronchiectasis seen in the lung bases. \n Flattening of hemidiaphragms. \n 2) Large hiatal hernia. \n 3) No evidence of infection or malignancy. Findings: The lungs are well expanded with emphysematous changes seen largely\n in the lower lobes with ring shadows suggestive of minimal bronchiectasis. \n There is bilateral flattening of the hemidiaphragms. No areas of focal\n consolidation, masses or lesions are seen. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is a large hiatal hernia; otherwise, the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is moderate\n kyphosis of the mid thoracic spine in which compression fractures of two of\n the mid thoracic vertebra is seen; chronicity of the fractures is\n indeterminate. Old left lateral rib fractures are seen. The pleural surfaces\n are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16987608/s50912569/704dbdeb-1d83c717-84352f14-577bb0f5-a59906e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71ab4013-8e7066f3-939b1213-dac29761-f0e44678", "study_id": 58593888, "subject_id": 14880685, "report": "impression: No interval change except removal of right chest tube. No\n pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed. Compared to the\n prior study, the right-sided chest tube has been removed. Expected\n esophagectomy changes including air-fluid level in the right hemithorax are\n unchanged. The left subclavian Port-A-Cath is unchanged in position. The\n lungs are clear and there is no evidence of vascular congestion, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14880685/s58593888/71ab4013-8e7066f3-939b1213-dac29761-f0e44678.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf1e8f19-591a2d1d-befaf2a4-9fb43400-5fefd709", "study_id": 50609384, "subject_id": 11617629, "report": "impression: Satisfactory position of Swan-Ganz catheter and Impella device. Mild\n interstitial edema improved since prior. Findings: There has been placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter and Impella device. Both are\n in satisfactory position. Heart size is enlarged as before. Mild interstitial\n edema has improved. No large pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11617629/s50609384/cf1e8f19-591a2d1d-befaf2a4-9fb43400-5fefd709.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47d777c0-7f047c05-8648800c-9b13359e-e2101885", "study_id": 51287495, "subject_id": 17200404, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n otherwise unremarkable. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Hypertrophic\n changes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17200404/s51287495/47d777c0-7f047c05-8648800c-9b13359e-e2101885.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a9120cd-d6c50afa-7a2a08f0-e1d748cf-65a2e14f", "study_id": 52504006, "subject_id": 13215255, "report": "impression: Frank pulmonary edema, moderate to severe. Small right-sided\n pleural effusion. Findings: An NG tube terminates in appropriate position. An ET tube\n terminates 5 cm above the carina. Cardiac size is normal. There is frank\n pulmonary edema bilaterally. There is also a right-sided pleural effusion. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13215255/s52504006/6a9120cd-d6c50afa-7a2a08f0-e1d748cf-65a2e14f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0e819ea-c0006bf6-25a7ca7a-c8d48d8b-1c05a724", "study_id": 55959301, "subject_id": 11021643, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy wires again\n noted. There is mild interstitial pulmonary edema. The heart remains\n top-normal in size. No large effusion, pneumothorax or signs of pneumonia.\n Mild degenerative spurring is seen in the thoracic spine anteriorly.\n Degenerative changes also partially imaged at the left shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11021643/s55959301/b0e819ea-c0006bf6-25a7ca7a-c8d48d8b-1c05a724.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06570882-73f18659-d240adab-9f31e835-79f52ec1", "study_id": 57027011, "subject_id": 17676295, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17676295/s57027011/06570882-73f18659-d240adab-9f31e835-79f52ec1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "341d677c-459e37f8-bb4910c6-57c0c0c5-77a32e56", "study_id": 52848011, "subject_id": 15928453, "report": "impression: 1. Left subclavian central venous catheter coils in the azygos vein. \n Repositioning is recommended.\n \n 2. New linear oriented opacity in the right lung, potential pneumothorax\n versus skinfold. Additional evaluation is recommended with followup chest\n radiograph.\n \n 3. Ill defined increased opacity in the left mid lung, concerning for\n malignancy. \n \n These findings were discussed with ___ by ___ via\n telephone on ___ at 12 p.m., at time of discovery. Findings: A left subclavian central venous catheter coils within the azygos\n vein. There is no definite pneumothorax on the left. There is a new linear\n oriented opacity in the lateral aspect of the right lung which is concerning\n for a pneumothorax. Given its linear appearance however, it may also represent\n a skinfold, additional evaluation is recommended with followup chest\n radiograph. Remaining monitoring and support devices are in unchanged\n position. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n Again seen is an ill-defined area of increased opacity in the left mid zone,\n concerning for malignancy.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15928453/s52848011/341d677c-459e37f8-bb4910c6-57c0c0c5-77a32e56.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99b954b0-d19e8316-c148155f-fbd5201d-d050c188", "study_id": 57392281, "subject_id": 14560708, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Mild left lower lobe atelectasis. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. The lungs are well expanded. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Minimal\n linear opacities at the left lung base are likely atelectasis. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aortic arch is\n calcified. The bones are demineralized. There is no definite fracture. The\n imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14560708/s57392281/99b954b0-d19e8316-c148155f-fbd5201d-d050c188.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9066c347-608e22c9-2c494b51-ffe1f00e-b3924414", "study_id": 56056525, "subject_id": 18298823, "report": "impression: Small moderate right pleural effusion appears decreased compared to the prior\n study ; underlying right base consolidation/pneumonia is difficult to exclude.\n Some continued volume loss of the right lung, but with significantly improved\n aeration as compared to the prior study. Findings: Small to moderate right pleural effusion appears decreased as compared to the\n prior study. There appears to be some volume loss of the right lung although\n there is improved aeration as compared to the prior study. The left lung is\n clear. No left pleural effusion is seen. No definite focal consolidation. \n The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18298823/s56056525/9066c347-608e22c9-2c494b51-ffe1f00e-b3924414.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c6860e98-c10bdba1-d8b5b869-aeff45f8-aa6552da", "study_id": 55965174, "subject_id": 11790669, "report": "The patient is after left lower lobe wedge resection. There is a\n millimetric apical postoperative pneumothorax. No evidence of tension. The\n left chest tube is in situ. A small amount of pleural air could also be\n present at the site of chest tube insertion. No parenchymal abnormalities. \n Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Calcified granuloma at the bases of\n the right lung.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11790669/s55965174/c6860e98-c10bdba1-d8b5b869-aeff45f8-aa6552da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3eca568-175fa3e9-cf119486-517ec3f5-149a4d95", "study_id": 51180606, "subject_id": 11865423, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate cardiomegaly and mild UZRD, unchanged compared\n with ___. No acute pumonry process identified. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest \n \n There is mild to moderate cardiomegaly, unchanged. There is no pleural\n effusion. There is no consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. Mild upper\n zone vascular redistribution is largely stable, without other evidence of CHF.\n In the lateral view, a long straight density is presumed to be external to the\n patient.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11865423/s51180606/a3eca568-175fa3e9-cf119486-517ec3f5-149a4d95.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e3851a89-1799d9d7-47fbed9c-aba7a3bb-fbf6c4b0", "study_id": 52355329, "subject_id": 10018081, "report": "impression: 1. Left-sided PICC line terminates in the mid SVC.\n \n 2. Stable chest radiograph, bibasilar consolidations likely reflect pleural\n effusion and atelectasis.\n In the correct clinical setting however, superimposed pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. Findings: A left-sided PICC line terminates at the mid SVC. An orogastric tube courses\n below the diaphragm, the tip projects over the gastric fundus. The heart is\n enlarged and stable. Again seen is elevated pulmonary venous pressure.\n Bibasilar consolidations are again seen, likely reflective of pleural effusion\n and atelectasis. In the appropriate clinical setting however superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10018081/s52355329/e3851a89-1799d9d7-47fbed9c-aba7a3bb-fbf6c4b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9f582bb-0ecaf6d2-48b656cc-1a7989fb-499b3411", "study_id": 50248992, "subject_id": 14155163, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous\n exam from ___. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, similar to prior. \n Mid thoracic dextroscoliosis is again noted. Superior and inferior endplate\n deformities are again noted, likely sequelae from patient's known sickle cell\n disease.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14155163/s50248992/e9f582bb-0ecaf6d2-48b656cc-1a7989fb-499b3411.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "768b34be-8b3e9854-897fb902-e231ea47-395cdf2c", "study_id": 57736715, "subject_id": 19227280, "report": "impression: Minimal right basilar atelectasis Findings: Suggestion of esophageal hiatal hernia. Lungs clear. Shallow inspiration. \n Minimal right basilar atelectasis Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19227280/s57736715/768b34be-8b3e9854-897fb902-e231ea47-395cdf2c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7fbb9b9-3b61e4c8-8f624eb3-bfb74454-0b8a5374", "study_id": 57145491, "subject_id": 11538083, "report": "impression: Clear lungs.\n Stable moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: The lungs are clear. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. There is no\n pneumothorax. Regional bones and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11538083/s57145491/b7fbb9b9-3b61e4c8-8f624eb3-bfb74454-0b8a5374.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48f6a63d-cf22797a-37fe3fbe-4d665c0d-62303f11", "study_id": 53684245, "subject_id": 12586916, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12586916/s53684245/48f6a63d-cf22797a-37fe3fbe-4d665c0d-62303f11.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d36fc221-4bde116f-7f1552cf-9a9ab15d-9b521bd5", "study_id": 51424580, "subject_id": 14411399, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, a pre-existing opacity at\n the right lung base has completely cleared. However, the signs indicative of\n extensive bronchiectasis are seen in unchanged manner. No new parenchymal\n opacities. No larger pleural effusions. Unchanged normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14411399/s51424580/d36fc221-4bde116f-7f1552cf-9a9ab15d-9b521bd5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9ec0cab-72ff652f-8d0a8439-86559176-b64347af", "study_id": 55991623, "subject_id": 18618203, "report": "impression: Almost complete resolution of right pneumonia, with small residual\n opacity in the right upper lobe Findings: PA and lateral radiograph shows improvement and almost complete\n resolution of right lung opacity. Small residual persists only in the right\n upper lobe. Left lung is completely clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Median sternotomy and metal\n wires are intact in patient with history of cardiac surgery. Mild osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18618203/s55991623/b9ec0cab-72ff652f-8d0a8439-86559176-b64347af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de99cde0-1677f5d0-bb7452c0-0d1cae23-3f0d2c01", "study_id": 54481620, "subject_id": 10190130, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___ and repeat images since ___,\n there is again opacification along the right lateral chest wall consistent\n with sequela of multiple rib fractures. The opacification pattern on the left\n again is suggestive of a left upper lobe collapse. A lateral view would be\n helpful if the patient could assume that position.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10190130/s54481620/de99cde0-1677f5d0-bb7452c0-0d1cae23-3f0d2c01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bb38faf-7e041b1b-68462562-79608bf9-c1da2864", "study_id": 56287486, "subject_id": 10164613, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. New small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly has been stable compared to prior exams dated back to at\n least ___. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion as well as\n mild pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are new. There is no\n pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10164613/s56287486/9bb38faf-7e041b1b-68462562-79608bf9-c1da2864.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa318410-04c16490-b37f95b7-517f97e2-703739a9", "study_id": 52714244, "subject_id": 16662316, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Minimal improvement of the known right basal atelectasis. Unchanged\n size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged minimal retrocardiac atelectasis. \n No overt pulmonary edema. Unchanged minimal flattening of the left\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16662316/s52714244/fa318410-04c16490-b37f95b7-517f97e2-703739a9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "880fb04d-87f3bb79-9f5b8384-2939f517-f13a65e5", "study_id": 58471903, "subject_id": 12351481, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right, with underlying severe\n emphysema and mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Similar appearance of\n bilateral opacities likely reflect chronic aspiration versus pneumonia. Findings: Overall, there is a similar appearance of the chest compared to the prior\n study. Large left pleural effusion, with overlying atelectasis and findings\n compatible with known chronic aspiration are again seen. Smaller right pleural\n effusion and basilar consolidation are similar. Superimposed mild vascular\n congestion is also noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12351481/s58471903/880fb04d-87f3bb79-9f5b8384-2939f517-f13a65e5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09e93455-163714bf-9e2f7dea-c943737a-025d1755", "study_id": 53161731, "subject_id": 18168116, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18168116/s53161731/09e93455-163714bf-9e2f7dea-c943737a-025d1755.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b78af537-a655555d-f07d37b5-339612a6-0ea07484", "study_id": 59420146, "subject_id": 12578697, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions and elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: FRONTAL and LATERAL VIEWS OF THE CHEST: There are small bilateral pleural\n effusions. There is no pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. There\n is elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. The heart size is normal. The\n mediastinum and hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12578697/s59420146/b78af537-a655555d-f07d37b5-339612a6-0ea07484.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8735d7c-69ca6e57-1c2a251a-95c66a72-f57c7ed0", "study_id": 53378337, "subject_id": 19244673, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Compared with most recent prior radiograph, bibasilar atelectasis has\n improved. The prior possible effusion has resolved. There is stable\n appearance of tortuous aorta and normal heart size. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19244673/s53378337/f8735d7c-69ca6e57-1c2a251a-95c66a72-f57c7ed0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc45b055-ebb6ee28-9e2c324b-178a70f4-89f42330", "study_id": 59758437, "subject_id": 11392794, "report": "impression: Subtle increased density in the right upper and lower lobes, slightly worse\n than on ___, in regions of ground-glass opacification on chest CT from\n ___, a repeat chest CT can be obtained for further evaluation. No\n definitive evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate subtle increase in\n radiodensity in the right upper and lower lobes, since ___, in regions\n of ground-glass opacity on chest CT from ___. There is no focal\n consolidation to suggest pneumonia. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema.\n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11392794/s59758437/cc45b055-ebb6ee28-9e2c324b-178a70f4-89f42330.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a70d6b96-e6e5a203-1bc6b573-4612dbbe-fa85ad80", "study_id": 50292750, "subject_id": 14470268, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe opacity concerning for aspiration or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are somewhat low in volume. Retrocardiac opacity is not\n well located on the lateral view but is concerning for left lower lobe\n pneumonia or aspiration. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n heart is normal in size with normal mediastinal and hilar contours.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14470268/s50292750/a70d6b96-e6e5a203-1bc6b573-4612dbbe-fa85ad80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f04335b6-51ac8001-8a93a39e-16eb983f-66042b3c", "study_id": 52952832, "subject_id": 17419532, "report": "impression: No acute abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pleural thickening and subpleural\n atelectasis is again seen, stable compared to the prior study. There is no\n focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17419532/s52952832/f04335b6-51ac8001-8a93a39e-16eb983f-66042b3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "def080a3-38cacf36-22ad06fd-fae7d424-f923a011", "study_id": 51388526, "subject_id": 11752971, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11752971/s51388526/def080a3-38cacf36-22ad06fd-fae7d424-f923a011.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a2f3dbd-3b7769a8-99ea8b39-3dd7e255-eef29513", "study_id": 54495269, "subject_id": 11993984, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Nerve stimulator generator pack\n projects over the left chest wall with lead coursing cephalad into the left\n aspect of the neck. There are low lung volumes. The heart size is normal,\n the mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is mild crowding\n of the bronchovascular structures. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11993984/s54495269/9a2f3dbd-3b7769a8-99ea8b39-3dd7e255-eef29513.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1daa7b35-e454e00f-fc192c2a-a763c5b2-5d288110", "study_id": 58459005, "subject_id": 12009312, "report": "impression: Resolution of pulmonary edema. Bibasilar atelectasis and small\n pleural effusions. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and coronary artery\n bypass surgery. Cardiac silhouette has slightly decreased in size since the\n previous study, pulmonary edema has resolved. Improving aeration at both lung\n bases. Residual patchy retrocardiac atelectasis and bibasilar linear\n atelectasis remaining. Small pleural effusions are also noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12009312/s58459005/1daa7b35-e454e00f-fc192c2a-a763c5b2-5d288110.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a937590-23a0c335-ca5e11ef-722d2a46-5e186993", "study_id": 52544484, "subject_id": 16072879, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. There are low lung volumes. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16072879/s52544484/1a937590-23a0c335-ca5e11ef-722d2a46-5e186993.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f72b5f78-157fccca-20719f90-e5c8b731-57432c13", "study_id": 52686911, "subject_id": 17121520, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are lower lung volumes.\n The interstitial edema is essentially unchanged. Atelectatic changes at the\n bases have improved. Central catheter remains in place.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17121520/s52686911/f72b5f78-157fccca-20719f90-e5c8b731-57432c13.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7f67b79e-184a48a8-61af928c-189a10a1-b9a917ca", "study_id": 59728241, "subject_id": 15802272, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15802272/s59728241/7f67b79e-184a48a8-61af928c-189a10a1-b9a917ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d2d3d081-ac72c271-379c9cef-9bf760a3-79962839", "study_id": 50109886, "subject_id": 12668338, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged presence\n of a right PICC line. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged, but minimal pleural\n effusions might have occurred in the interval. There are ongoing signs of\n mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema and atelectasis at both lung bases. No new\n parenchymal opacity. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12668338/s50109886/d2d3d081-ac72c271-379c9cef-9bf760a3-79962839.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3ccd392-f72ad233-a9b3d7a5-e6c3ab3e-527681d2", "study_id": 56657549, "subject_id": 17413636, "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the right lung base could be due to\n atelectasis, although underlying consolidation due to infection not excluded. \n If patient able, repeat dedicated PA and lateral views would be helpful for\n further evaluation. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest was obtained. Relative increased\n opacity at the right lung base could be due to underlying infection or\n aspiration. If the patient is able, PA and lateral views would be helpful for\n further evaluation. Left lung clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17413636/s56657549/c3ccd392-f72ad233-a9b3d7a5-e6c3ab3e-527681d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb3a16f3-1a7a3528-0ac7c7c0-45975af0-197e2fef", "study_id": 56404790, "subject_id": 12599846, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12599846/s56404790/cb3a16f3-1a7a3528-0ac7c7c0-45975af0-197e2fef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37ef69df-7d851202-9cce3971-9601dcf4-b5ff14a5", "study_id": 58209224, "subject_id": 12773850, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing PICC line\n has been removed. Otherwise, the radiograph is unchanged. There is no\n evidence of pneumonia or other lung parenchymal abnormalities. Normal size of\n the cardiac silhouette. Normal appearance of the mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12773850/s58209224/37ef69df-7d851202-9cce3971-9601dcf4-b5ff14a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0027bdc-5ab4a404-297b3991-9796fa63-b2f1a195", "study_id": 54208392, "subject_id": 11345788, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Stable compared to ___. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Again seen is widening of the AP diameter\n suggesting chronic obstructive lung disease. There is no evidence of focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm is stable. The aorta is tortuous but stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11345788/s54208392/a0027bdc-5ab4a404-297b3991-9796fa63-b2f1a195.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8931b5ae-19d9ae56-312db3f2-2e9c4074-795cd3f8", "study_id": 56305932, "subject_id": 10172368, "report": "impression: Findings suggesting mild interstitial abnormality for which\n differential considerations include an inflammatory process of airways,\n perhaps atypical infection, or very mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The heart is at the upper limits of normal size. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear within normal limits. There is no definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is a widespread but mild interstitial\n prominence, including cuffed airways bilaterally. No focal consolidation. \n Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10172368/s56305932/8931b5ae-19d9ae56-312db3f2-2e9c4074-795cd3f8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a4daba8-e42768e7-b3a5fdc1-1ac0043a-49d2e1b5", "study_id": 54379817, "subject_id": 13191942, "report": "impression: Pneumoperitoneum, not significantly changed from the previous exam. No acute\n cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Pneumoperitoneum is relatively unchanged compared to the previous exam. The\n cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. Laparoscopic gastric band is seen in unchanged position. No\n acute osseous abnormalities are seen present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13191942/s54379817/1a4daba8-e42768e7-b3a5fdc1-1ac0043a-49d2e1b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "baf5771d-bab9d91d-11264f6b-95c061ee-11b5c181", "study_id": 59770923, "subject_id": 18527701, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18527701/s59770923/baf5771d-bab9d91d-11264f6b-95c061ee-11b5c181.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57b1dd9d-46d52a73-be142b24-b9cbe0f0-cb68b101", "study_id": 52639211, "subject_id": 16811873, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n Results were discussed with Dr. ___ at 12:05 p.m. on ___ via telephone\n by Dr. ___ at the time the findings were discovered. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n Surgical changes are noted in the thyroid gland and right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16811873/s52639211/57b1dd9d-46d52a73-be142b24-b9cbe0f0-cb68b101.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5254ffa-2e340da4-7efc34d9-ca8859a1-f2fc9d87", "study_id": 58949379, "subject_id": 14149257, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___ and from the\n CT scan from ___.\n \n There is a right-sided Port-A-Cath with the distal tip in the distal SVC. The\n endotracheal tube and the feeding tube are appropriately sited. Heart size is\n within normal limits. There are patchy opacities within the lung bases. This\n may be due to atelectasis or developing infiltrate. A left-sided pleural\n effusion is seen. There are no pneumothoraces. There is some prominence of\n the pulmonary interstitial markings without overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14149257/s58949379/c5254ffa-2e340da4-7efc34d9-ca8859a1-f2fc9d87.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ef6c41d-ec374b7b-55c4d170-b7341e1b-67f1262a", "study_id": 53771551, "subject_id": 12945162, "report": "impression: No radiographic explanation for chest pain. Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar silhouettes are normal size.\n Right infusion port terminates in the upper SVC. Left carotid artery stent and\n coronary artery stents are noted. There are old healed fractures of posterior\n left 7, 8, and 9 ribs.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12945162/s53771551/6ef6c41d-ec374b7b-55c4d170-b7341e1b-67f1262a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f666eb3b-1b777e02-ab913707-ef6f009b-30f4825a", "study_id": 53405492, "subject_id": 17978559, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. There is no evidence of pneumonia. \n No pleural effusions. No focal parenchymal opacities. No pulmonary edema. \n Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal hilar and mediastinal\n structures. The patient has an azygous lobe as a normal anatomical variant.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17978559/s53405492/f666eb3b-1b777e02-ab913707-ef6f009b-30f4825a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84b3182a-08ed792c-10a74d03-3b9e289d-8d14e0c8", "study_id": 50665260, "subject_id": 18566706, "report": "impression: Somewhat abnormal lung texture, specifically in the peripheral left lung. If\n symptoms persists, consider chest CT for further evaluation. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Lung texture,\n specifically in the periphery of the left lung, is somewhat abnormal. Heart\n size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18566706/s50665260/84b3182a-08ed792c-10a74d03-3b9e289d-8d14e0c8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "851d0e41-17e1bba4-4ac74581-4bac5355-645dbc7c", "study_id": 53267050, "subject_id": 14237047, "report": "impression: Interval resolution in previously seen right pleural effusion. Mild elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying mild right base atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. Findings: There has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC.There has been interval\n resolution of previously seen right pleural effusion. There is mild elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying mild atelectasis. No focal\n consolidation is seen. Re- demonstrated are small calcified nodular opacities\n at the lateral left upper lobe which most likely represent calcified\n granulomas. No pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14237047/s53267050/851d0e41-17e1bba4-4ac74581-4bac5355-645dbc7c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b3b3c76-d6e98b20-a30531cb-615eada5-8b949c29", "study_id": 54045528, "subject_id": 11699665, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Clips in the right axilla again\n noted. Overlying EKG leads are present. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11699665/s54045528/4b3b3c76-d6e98b20-a30531cb-615eada5-8b949c29.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35a3c902-843d86e5-74f51a07-15126ff3-3fcea5da", "study_id": 51000848, "subject_id": 11958913, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Tortuous aorta. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Tortuous aorta.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11958913/s51000848/35a3c902-843d86e5-74f51a07-15126ff3-3fcea5da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20b6ed35-d344a2a2-2c26d1ba-615d5c35-4ec1d5c4", "study_id": 59900990, "subject_id": 12722192, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Unchanged expansile lesions of the right clavicular head and left eighth\n rib, but no fractures.\n 3. Stable lower thoracic vertebral body compression fracture. Findings: Left basilar atelectasis is redemonstrated. The lungs are otherwise clear. \n The pulmonary vasculature is normal. The cardio mediastinal silhouette is\n stable. There is no pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Expansile\n lesion of the right clavicular head and left eighth posterior rib are re-\n demonstrated. The compression fracture of the lower thoracic vertebral body\n is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12722192/s59900990/20b6ed35-d344a2a2-2c26d1ba-615d5c35-4ec1d5c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23276d3c-386a6777-75943b4c-27ea5c77-abed2896", "study_id": 52715537, "subject_id": 12399723, "report": "impression: 1. There is no evidence of lymphadenopathy.\n 2. Signs of previous granulomatous infection. Findings: Except for tiny calcified granulomas at both apices, the remainder of the\n lungs are unremarkable. Mediastinal and cardiac contours are normal. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12399723/s52715537/23276d3c-386a6777-75943b4c-27ea5c77-abed2896.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c2a44637-4fd553f0-468703ff-a0fa8d85-7bd8f530", "study_id": 53620879, "subject_id": 17437625, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17437625/s53620879/c2a44637-4fd553f0-468703ff-a0fa8d85-7bd8f530.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91f9cf76-0674e0a4-f60bcaa1-6c3c6653-56b61924", "study_id": 55972263, "subject_id": 16817914, "report": "Right-sided PIC line tip is at mid SVC. Bilateral, diffuse, airspace and\n nodular opacities have improved since ___. Persisting opacities\n reflect residual edema, however, concurrent infection cannot be ruled out. No\n new discrete opacity. Bilateral pleural effusions, if any, are small. Top\n normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16817914/s55972263/91f9cf76-0674e0a4-f60bcaa1-6c3c6653-56b61924.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1eef9d64-02407e5f-2ea18b1b-2006d80c-30d025f2", "study_id": 52695065, "subject_id": 18301060, "report": "impression: 1. Low lung volumes.\n 2. No other acute cardiopulmonary process and no pneumothorax. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs demonstrate markedly low lung volumes. \n There is minimal bilateral lower lobe atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise\n clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18301060/s52695065/1eef9d64-02407e5f-2ea18b1b-2006d80c-30d025f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "031cfc0e-7a0b51c6-b3c7b27b-ecc94857-e130227b", "study_id": 55918878, "subject_id": 16089800, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations\n concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16089800/s55918878/031cfc0e-7a0b51c6-b3c7b27b-ecc94857-e130227b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7efb76e9-fd8a4d85-9b9266b0-c71bc0c0-4d998dbd", "study_id": 51404278, "subject_id": 12721056, "report": "impression: Worsening fluid overload with new pulmonary edema and worsening large left\n pleural effusion Findings: The patient has been extubated and the right internal jugular catheter is been\n removed. A vascular stent in the descending thoracic aorta is in unchanged\n position. There is increase in size in a left pleural effusion with\n associated atelectasis and new mild pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax", "image_path": [ "p12/p12721056/s51404278/7efb76e9-fd8a4d85-9b9266b0-c71bc0c0-4d998dbd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9cc212f-48a78cf1-7a17cddd-d6c11474-5c968f21", "study_id": 50680513, "subject_id": 14832642, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe and possible left lower lobe pneumonia. Recommend repeat\n after treatment to document resolution. Findings: There is a new region of consolidation in the right mid lung likely within the\n superior segment of the right lower lobe based on the lateral view. There is\n also increased hazy opacity at the left lung base potentially additional\n region of consolidation. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14832642/s50680513/d9cc212f-48a78cf1-7a17cddd-d6c11474-5c968f21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "961b526b-1609f1f5-534cc1ca-5e788f6c-6e4a35d9", "study_id": 57174119, "subject_id": 15379073, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change in the bilateral areas of opacification with continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette. The appearance most likely is consistent with a\n combination of multifocal pneumonia and pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15379073/s57174119/961b526b-1609f1f5-534cc1ca-5e788f6c-6e4a35d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fecc020-9e5d7e12-8b007575-fb1474c1-89717b14", "study_id": 54226367, "subject_id": 11651985, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11651985/s54226367/5fecc020-9e5d7e12-8b007575-fb1474c1-89717b14.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1606eabc-9682bc1f-cb786bc3-f82f372e-6edc97af", "study_id": 54378280, "subject_id": 14841017, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Patient is status post CABG with intact median sternotomy wires. Coronary\n stents and prosthetic aortic valve are present.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14841017/s54378280/1606eabc-9682bc1f-cb786bc3-f82f372e-6edc97af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83bcabca-2d9c61fd-7a1fa984-c3f2b2b3-01bea60f", "study_id": 57603097, "subject_id": 15522949, "report": "impression: Faint opacity overlying the left lower lobe may be representative\n of an early developing pneumonia. Findings: There is a faint opacity overlying the left lower lobe. Otherwise,\n the remainder of the lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n Osseous structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15522949/s57603097/83bcabca-2d9c61fd-7a1fa984-c3f2b2b3-01bea60f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b5c9ea0-ed2fdc45-d5828c11-3ee8b466-671bd4fa", "study_id": 52054708, "subject_id": 10533554, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema possibly with superimposed pneumonia. Small pleural effusion\n on the right, appears mildly increased. Followup to resolution. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Left subclavian central\n venous catheter is again seen with its tip located in the mid SVC region. The\n lung volumes are low with reticulonodular opacities noted diffusely within\n both lungs which could represent worsening edema versus a superimposed\n pneumonia. Small right pleural effusion persists with loculated fluid along\n the right major fissure, appearing minimally increased. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette appears stable. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10533554/s52054708/8b5c9ea0-ed2fdc45-d5828c11-3ee8b466-671bd4fa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b8b7006-e2af2bb1-0d7595d9-d30b29ee-ec6f0c4c", "study_id": 52406904, "subject_id": 15854157, "report": "The Dobbhoff tube has been pulled back and now lies in the mid-to-lower\n esophagus. The right IJ line has been removed. The tip of the PICC line is\n unchanged.\n \n The heart remains enlarged. The effusions are somewhat improved since the\n prior chest x-ray. Team informed.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15854157/s52406904/4b8b7006-e2af2bb1-0d7595d9-d30b29ee-ec6f0c4c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3d592ff-36ace805-ac67d1eb-c2ce4ca9-800443d2", "study_id": 51800155, "subject_id": 14000340, "report": "Single supine AP portable view of the chest was obtained. Again,\n leftward shift of the mediastinum and volume loss is noted within the left\n hemithorax. Findings are grossly similar to chest CT scout image from\n ___. There is slight blunting of the left costophrenic angle which may\n be due to pleural thickening and scarring, although a trace pleural effusion\n is difficult to exclude. While a relative opacity projecting over the left\n mid-to-lower lung may relate to low lung volumes, scarring and\n post-pleurodesis changes, underlying layering pleural effusion or pulmonary\n contusion are difficult to exclude. The right lung is clear. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14000340/s51800155/d3d592ff-36ace805-ac67d1eb-c2ce4ca9-800443d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a3e62fb-df361e30-73af12eb-f4ae953d-e71690ed", "study_id": 50695400, "subject_id": 19864113, "report": "impression: 1. ET tube continues to be high. PICC line and ECMO cannula in appropriate\n positioning.\n 2. Improving bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The ETT appears to be high terminating 8 cm above the carina, which is\n unchanged in comparison to the prior radiograph. There is a left PICC line\n with the tip terminating in the low SVC. There is a right IJ ECMO cannula,\n which appears unchanged in comparison to the prior radiograph.\n \n There is improved aeration of the lower lobes bilaterally, although there is a\n persistent combination of bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar\n atelectasis. The upper lungs appear clear bilaterally. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19864113/s50695400/7a3e62fb-df361e30-73af12eb-f4ae953d-e71690ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6be9d5c8-eacfcb08-ec494592-61ab2e76-77293bf5", "study_id": 58724088, "subject_id": 13665285, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent cardiomegaly and hiatal hernia. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n Evidence of a hiatal hernia is again seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13665285/s58724088/6be9d5c8-eacfcb08-ec494592-61ab2e76-77293bf5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "027b9f51-dfe5c1f6-32f34473-eb319a5f-deb83339", "study_id": 54113978, "subject_id": 17588592, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change in the\n appearance of the biventricular and right atrial leads in this patient with\n substantial enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and normal pulmonary\n vessels, an appearance consistent with the clinical diagnosis of\n cardiomyopathy.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17588592/s54113978/027b9f51-dfe5c1f6-32f34473-eb319a5f-deb83339.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f042e553-c948f0f2-0496d1df-85c60a28-5a77965d", "study_id": 51198030, "subject_id": 15723212, "report": "impression: 1. ICD lead ends in the right ventricle. No pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Possible small hiatal hernia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The patient is post-CABG with\n surgical clips in the mediastinum and sternotomy wires in appropriate\n position. ICD lead is seen ending in the right ventricle. There is mild\n cardiomegaly. Minimal left basilar atelectasis. Possible small hiatal\n hernia. The right lung is clear. There is no consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15723212/s51198030/f042e553-c948f0f2-0496d1df-85c60a28-5a77965d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66771964-ada206a9-182800e0-52fa386d-6739f804", "study_id": 52566324, "subject_id": 11079785, "report": "impression: Interstitial lung disease without definite new focal\n consolidation. Persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Reticular\n opacity at the lung bases are again seen, in keeping with the patient's known\n interstitial lung disease. No definite new focal consolidation is seen. \n There is persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle. Left hilar\n opacity appears slightly decreased as compared to the prior study. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11079785/s52566324/66771964-ada206a9-182800e0-52fa386d-6739f804.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "107f84f9-619401ea-c0fc2239-e404ed00-54444dd1", "study_id": 51849894, "subject_id": 14670441, "report": "impression: Left basilar opacification may reflect a combination of\n atelectasis with small left pleural effusion, though infection or aspiration\n is not excluded. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Lung volumes remain low. Heart\n size is within normal limits. Mediastinal contours are unchanged compatible\n with prior gastric pull-through and esophagectomy. The aorta is diffusely\n calcified. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Opacification in the\n left lung base is noted with small left pleural effusion. Minimal patchy\n opacity in the right lung base may reflect atelectasis. No pneumothorax is\n demonstrated. Cholecystectomy clips are present in the right upper quadrant\n of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14670441/s51849894/107f84f9-619401ea-c0fc2239-e404ed00-54444dd1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e1e3024-0d4cff81-1ad651b8-f76e8cf3-6c428f99", "study_id": 57788167, "subject_id": 19590201, "report": "impression: Blunting of the left costophrenic recess in the lateral view\n without a clear fluid meniscus is concerning for parenchymal opacity of the\n left lower lobe. This may represent inflammation/infection versus lung\n contusion. Clinical correlation is advised. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is blunting of the left\n costophrenic recess in the lateral view without clear fluid meniscus\n suggesting pleural effusion. Otherwise, the rest of the lung fields are\n clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no\n pneumothorax or rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19590201/s57788167/3e1e3024-0d4cff81-1ad651b8-f76e8cf3-6c428f99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d4d7a4a-5057c8f9-ab58f9f0-9568710e-19f41425", "study_id": 56047531, "subject_id": 17466752, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no interval\n change. No pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17466752/s56047531/8d4d7a4a-5057c8f9-ab58f9f0-9568710e-19f41425.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb81e71b-6bc25e29-730944d3-0bc1fa13-3bbd0d68", "study_id": 55827182, "subject_id": 12204700, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Old left seventh and eighth rib\n fractures are noted. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12204700/s55827182/fb81e71b-6bc25e29-730944d3-0bc1fa13-3bbd0d68.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a2117f99-c6e82f0c-36f48b41-03d41da8-88fede65", "study_id": 51392505, "subject_id": 14697497, "report": "impression: Large loculated right pleural effusion with residual aeration of\n right upper lobe, with a pleural drain in place. No priors are available at\n this institution, though comparison with priors would be helpful to assess for\n interval change. Findings: There is a large right pleural effusion which appears to be\n partially loculated, with residual aeration of right upper lobe. There is a\n drain in place in the right lung base. The left lung is clear aside from mild\n atelectasis at the lung base. There is no pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is partially obscured by the right pleural effusion, but is\n unremarkable. Orthopedic fixation hardware seen in the right humeral head.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14697497/s51392505/a2117f99-c6e82f0c-36f48b41-03d41da8-88fede65.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e2fe790-2712c5ba-2972833a-7612b37c-8fb87c9a", "study_id": 57791059, "subject_id": 19674244, "report": "impression: No apical pneumothorax is seen on today's exam. Worsening right pleural\n effusion and right basilar atelectasis. Worsening left retrocardiac basilar\n opacity. Findings: The previously described right apical pneumothorax is not seen on today's\n exam. Compared to ___, the right pleural effusion and right basilar\n atelectasis is worse. Left basilar opacity is more pronounced. Unchanged\n moderate cardiomegaly. Support devices are unchanged in position. \n Mediastinal borders and hilar structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19674244/s57791059/0e2fe790-2712c5ba-2972833a-7612b37c-8fb87c9a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78e8be5e-c187ee08-57f80f17-28ef63cc-3097f759", "study_id": 52953987, "subject_id": 11398371, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with interstitial opacities reflecting known\n interstitial lung disease. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. In this patient with known history of\n pulmonary fibrosis, there is a similar appearance of the lower lung\n interstitial opacities as well as left mid to upper lung reticular opacities.\n There is no convincing sign of a superimposed pneumonia or CHF. Overall, the\n cardio mediastinal silhouette is stable. Right shoulder replacement noted. No\n acute bony injury.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11398371/s52953987/78e8be5e-c187ee08-57f80f17-28ef63cc-3097f759.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a18b907e-5919a997-7b4dd83c-45c640a0-9139f556", "study_id": 52423401, "subject_id": 10245082, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is again seen an air-fluid level within the right hilum which is stable\n since the previous study. There is a moderate right-sided pleural effusion\n which is stable. There are areas of consolidation within both lung fields,\n right side worse than left. No pneumothoraces are identified. Overall, these\n findings are stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10245082/s52423401/a18b907e-5919a997-7b4dd83c-45c640a0-9139f556.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9fd0c80-51aa841e-65285617-5998fec8-155de92b", "study_id": 56100119, "subject_id": 16995509, "report": "impression: Increased opacity at the medial right base which could be due to atelectasis\n given centrally obstructing lesion. Superimposed infection is difficult to\n exclude. Findings: Left-sided Port-A-Cath is in unchanged and appropriate position.\n \n The heart is normal in size. Enlargement of the right hilum is re-\n demonstrated consistent with the patient's known hilar mass. Linear opacity\n extending from the hilum into the right middle lobe with unchanged. Elevation\n of the right hemidiaphragm is noted and increased from the prior examination. \n New from the prior examination is increased opacity along the medial base of\n the right lung. No pneumothorax. Biapical scarring is stable. Pulmonary\n nodules are better appreciated on prior chest CT.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16995509/s56100119/c9fd0c80-51aa841e-65285617-5998fec8-155de92b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c118c26-591504c9-6beaf294-76ae2365-3286ccfe", "study_id": 54548735, "subject_id": 16124481, "report": "impression: Limited portable chest x-ray with low lung volumes without\n definite consolidation. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Extremely low lung volumes are\n seen with secondary crowding of the bronchovascular markings. Blunting of the\n costophrenic angles is likely due to overlying soft tissues and atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16124481/s54548735/4c118c26-591504c9-6beaf294-76ae2365-3286ccfe.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a4aee82-7eb8711b-a5df91e7-bdd13848-53b8dedc", "study_id": 52398358, "subject_id": 12575175, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis without acute process. Findings: Right PICC terminates in the distal SVC. The lungs\n are hyperexpanded suggesting COPD with bibasilar atelectasis. The heart is\n normal in size, normal cardiomediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12575175/s52398358/1a4aee82-7eb8711b-a5df91e7-bdd13848-53b8dedc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5fd48aa0-738f6183-273e3f98-f2377459-34868d2f", "study_id": 58305499, "subject_id": 17482633, "report": "impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, and cardiomegaly\n suggest CHF. Findings: There are moderate bilateral pleural effusions with overlying atelectasis. \n Moderate to severe pulmonary edema is seen. A right-sided PICC terminates in\n the low SVC. No pneumothorax is seen. Patient is status post median\n sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. The cardiac silhouette is moderate\n to severely enlarged. Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17482633/s58305499/5fd48aa0-738f6183-273e3f98-f2377459-34868d2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dcb58e0f-bf88ba26-41208bc9-0472950e-544e1eef", "study_id": 55638919, "subject_id": 18133509, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Tracheostomy in place. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is a tracheostomy tube\n projecting over the superior mediastinum. The lungs appear clear.\n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18133509/s55638919/dcb58e0f-bf88ba26-41208bc9-0472950e-544e1eef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdafd7f5-553678a2-85af3fba-621f21bb-ca5d8505", "study_id": 50504889, "subject_id": 17078350, "report": "impression: Stable moderate right pleural effusion. Airspace disease at the right lung\n base cannot be excluded. Findings: There is a stable moderate right pleural effusion, which limits evaluation of\n the right lung base. The left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax. The\n heart and mediastinum are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17078350/s50504889/fdafd7f5-553678a2-85af3fba-621f21bb-ca5d8505.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05e360e2-8ff0d89d-0e1b0017-3f7c2847-ce26e8d5", "study_id": 56860376, "subject_id": 13356530, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13356530/s56860376/05e360e2-8ff0d89d-0e1b0017-3f7c2847-ce26e8d5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fcd1ab31-7334abc9-b7ee4d3a-85470f17-9f2c3506", "study_id": 58924427, "subject_id": 19123001, "report": "impression: Appropriate position of ET tube and nasogastric tube. No\n significant change in pulmonary opacities. Findings: There has been interval placement of an endotracheal tube and\n nasogastric tube. The endotracheal tube appears to be in appropriate position\n terminating 4.5 cm above the carina. The nasogastric tube is seen passing\n below the diaphragm. There continues to be a right upper and lower lobe\n opacification and a possible retrocardiac opacity.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19123001/s58924427/fcd1ab31-7334abc9-b7ee4d3a-85470f17-9f2c3506.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d35d0d01-3523c51e-05d60b0b-54b83cb0-8cf0a8ca", "study_id": 50782604, "subject_id": 11438116, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe consolidation suspicious for pneumonia. Findings: Comparison is made to the torso CT scan from ___.\n \n The heart size is within normal limits. There is an area of consolidation at\n the right base. On the prior CT scan, there are areas of parenchymal\n consolidation within the right upper lobe. However, no definite density is\n seen on this study. The left lung appears relatively clear. There are no\n pneumothoraces. There are no signs for overt pulmonary edema or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11438116/s50782604/d35d0d01-3523c51e-05d60b0b-54b83cb0-8cf0a8ca.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23277273-1562753f-9e0ef2da-477b3c6c-f8e921dc", "study_id": 52962720, "subject_id": 10320599, "report": "impression: Improved right midline opacities and right pleural effusion. Resolution right\n apical pneumothorax. Otherwise stable. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The hila are normal. The right\n mid lung ill-defined hazy opacities have improved compared to prior. Small\n right pleural effusion has improved. Small right apical pneumothorax has\n resolved. No fractures. The sternotomy wires are unchanged. No fractures.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10320599/s52962720/23277273-1562753f-9e0ef2da-477b3c6c-f8e921dc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8e6a2aa-01adff63-b300dfb9-8594e8a1-6327689b", "study_id": 57482739, "subject_id": 11326098, "report": "impression: Moderate right pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis,\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Findings: There is a moderate right pleural effusion with overlying\n atelectasis. The left lung is clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The hilar structures are unremarkable. Degenerative changes of the\n cervical spine are better evaluated on the prior MRI.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11326098/s57482739/d8e6a2aa-01adff63-b300dfb9-8594e8a1-6327689b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47117427-c114f8b2-16fbe49a-5f2a5cef-6c448297", "study_id": 59722607, "subject_id": 10270108, "report": "impression: ET tube 4.5 cm above the carina. Multifocal pneumonia, stable to\n slightly improved. Findings: ET tube is approximately 4.5 cm above the\n carina. NGT passes below the diaphragm with tip in stomach. There are\n bilateral diffuse opacities involving both lungs which are similar to slightly\n improved compared to ___ at 8:13 a.m consistent with multifocal\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10270108/s59722607/47117427-c114f8b2-16fbe49a-5f2a5cef-6c448297.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1aec40c9-4ce5a6cf-202382f8-1739d276-82a00d75", "study_id": 51584287, "subject_id": 15106330, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed and compared to the\n prior studies. Linear opacities in the left lower lung represent scarring or\n focal atelectasis. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of\n pneumonia. Normal heart, mediastinal and pleural surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15106330/s51584287/1aec40c9-4ce5a6cf-202382f8-1739d276-82a00d75.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0861eb49-3e51b13f-74f50b11-b328dd60-870285cf", "study_id": 52980564, "subject_id": 14202902, "report": "impression: Mild edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right chest wall Port-A-Cath\n again seen with catheter tip in the region of the cavoatrial junction. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains stably prominent. Hilar congestion and\n mild pulmonary interstitial edema is noted though slight asymmetry is noted,\n right greater than left. Trace pleural fluid is present. No convincing signs\n of pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Bony structures are intact. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14202902/s52980564/0861eb49-3e51b13f-74f50b11-b328dd60-870285cf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b4686d9-bee74bdc-7d6ac62f-807b3353-bccd12e1", "study_id": 52056897, "subject_id": 10787105, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Lungs are well-expanded without focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. Known bibasilar atelectasis is better seen on CT. \n ETT and NG tube are in appropriate positions.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10787105/s52056897/5b4686d9-bee74bdc-7d6ac62f-807b3353-bccd12e1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0315732-ae524397-8518f09b-8a2fe1ce-fbf4412f", "study_id": 51633495, "subject_id": 11193011, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. No acute process. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No focal\n parenchymal opacities suggesting infection. Normal size of the cardiac\n silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11193011/s51633495/a0315732-ae524397-8518f09b-8a2fe1ce-fbf4412f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59a53930-f7fea97c-1c354c57-aaa8c13a-e1bbabe5", "study_id": 53242472, "subject_id": 17710401, "report": "impression: Subtle opacity projecting over the right upper lung which may represent\n prominent costochondral calcification though nodule difficult to exclude.\n Nonemergent CT chest may be obtained to further assess. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. A subtle opacity\n projecting over the right upper lung appears increased in overall conspicuity\n compared with the prior exam. This finding could represent prominent\n costochondral calcification, however a true pulmonary nodules impossible to\n exclude. A nonemergent CT chest may be performed to further assess. Otherwise,\n there is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17710401/s53242472/59a53930-f7fea97c-1c354c57-aaa8c13a-e1bbabe5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2f060c1-f8290b86-33ed1c7e-c57c2816-b3baaf85", "study_id": 54720483, "subject_id": 19809456, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, there has been no significant interval change. The\n lungs are clear of consolidation, effusion, or edema. Thoracic aortic stent\n graft is again seen. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19809456/s54720483/b2f060c1-f8290b86-33ed1c7e-c57c2816-b3baaf85.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20ea46ca-184a0e6a-cbb6c94c-6b018b02-875543cd", "study_id": 51921058, "subject_id": 15556497, "report": "impression: Interval placement of a left apical chest tube. No pneumothorax seen. Other\n findings, as above. Findings: Inspiratory volumes are quite low and there is considerable lordotic\n positioning.\n \n A left apical chest tube has been placed. Mediastinal contour is unchanged. \n Endotracheal tube ends 2.0 cm above the carina. Partially image nasoenteric\n tube. Cardiomediastinal silhouette remains prominent. Possible slight\n left-sided pleural thickening, particularly in the upper chest. There is\n prominence of the pulmonary vessels and increased retrocardiac density, though\n the significance of these findings, given the degree of low inspiratory\n volumes, is uncertain.\n \n Multiple displaced left rib fractures again seen associated with subcutaneous\n gas. Known right-sided rib fractures not well seen on the current\n radiographs. A displaced left humeral neck fracture and left scapular\n fracture re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15556497/s51921058/20ea46ca-184a0e6a-cbb6c94c-6b018b02-875543cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd6d06eb-47c466b7-aada85ef-9e16a81b-3ea9f6b5", "study_id": 59089119, "subject_id": 19700882, "report": "impression: Persistent right-sided pleural effusion without superimposed acute\n cardiopulmonary process. Right apical opacity better characterized by prior\n PET-CT Findings: There is persistent small right-sided pleural effusion. Asymmetric right\n apical opacity is again seen. The lungs are otherwise clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Hypertrophic changes are\n noted in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19700882/s59089119/cd6d06eb-47c466b7-aada85ef-9e16a81b-3ea9f6b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fab859ca-8b883da9-40f69bf2-bd498cfb-4f7e218f", "study_id": 59396276, "subject_id": 18036188, "report": "The ET tube has been removed. The remainder of the tubes and lines are\n unchanged. No pneumothorax is identified. The appearance of the lungs is\n similar compared to the prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18036188/s59396276/fab859ca-8b883da9-40f69bf2-bd498cfb-4f7e218f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08b6d0eb-5cd87f10-0aabea64-fca6df72-b22f4fdf", "study_id": 55392456, "subject_id": 17795346, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is unchanged cardiomegaly. There is persistent atelectasis versus\n developing infiltrate at the left lung base. This is stable. There are no\n signs for overt pulmonary edema or pneumothoraces. Overall, there has been no\n interval change.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17795346/s55392456/08b6d0eb-5cd87f10-0aabea64-fca6df72-b22f4fdf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff534c6f-3b52dee9-398beed7-4d69aa19-e87f06ef", "study_id": 52473624, "subject_id": 11617629, "report": "impression: No significant interval change when compared to the prior study. Findings: The patient has a known LVAD, unchanged in position compared to the prior\n study. A single lead pacemaker is also unchanged. A Swan-Ganz catheter is\n in-situ, the tip appears to be in the right main pulmonary artery. Even\n allowing for the projection, the heart is mildly enlarged. No definite\n pleural effusion seen. No pneumothorax seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11617629/s52473624/ff534c6f-3b52dee9-398beed7-4d69aa19-e87f06ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc9f6375-ae5157ba-78327be6-b5656ec1-a9b99171", "study_id": 53741039, "subject_id": 12966343, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Two views were obtained of the chest. The lungs are well expanded\n and clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal\n in size with normal cardiomediastinal contours. No displaced rib fractures\n are identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12966343/s53741039/cc9f6375-ae5157ba-78327be6-b5656ec1-a9b99171.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8cd8658e-3b9721c9-2835703f-c70b5608-d3e231dc", "study_id": 55179298, "subject_id": 15386471, "report": "impression: Tracheostomy tube again noted, as described.\n \n Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a\n small left effusion.\n \n New opacity in the right upper zone medially extending to the right hilum. \n The appearance is suggestive of a new area of focal consolidation. If\n clinically feasible, the differential diagnosis could include an area of\n aspiration. Atelectasis can occur in this location, but is considered less\n likely given the presence of air bronchograms.\n \n Interval improvement of aeration at the right lung base, with some persistent\n patchy opacity at the right lung base and a small right pleural fusion. Findings: Slightly rotated positioning.\n \n The tip of the tracheostomy tube lies approximately 2.8 cm above the carina.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is probably unchanged.\n \n Again seen is left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation, possibly with a\n small left effusion.\n \n Opacity in the right upper zone medially is more pronounced on the current\n examination. There due to appear to be associated air bronchograms. Opacity\n at the right base appears improved, with improved visualization of the right\n hemidiaphragm. A small right effusion remains present.\n \n Again seen is the right sided Port-A-Cath, with tip in the region of the\n cavoatrial junction. The left IJ central line is again seen, with tip over\n mid/distal SVC.\n \n Although it is difficult to confirm the patient's position, there is\n suggestion of left convex rotary scoliosis of the lumbar spine. It remains\n possible, albeit less likely, that this is an artifact due to positioning.\n \n Rounded iatrogenic structure over the left lower abdomen is compatible with a\n gastrostomy tube.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15386471/s55179298/8cd8658e-3b9721c9-2835703f-c70b5608-d3e231dc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4caa3a34-22b0122b-b966e78c-a660242b-d41eb85a", "study_id": 59129961, "subject_id": 11642164, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11642164/s59129961/4caa3a34-22b0122b-b966e78c-a660242b-d41eb85a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "27f57c5b-fa955243-17bbeb5e-a4da4468-ea230ab2", "study_id": 57667768, "subject_id": 16004600, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there may be minimal\n atelectatic changes at the bases. Cardiac silhouette is within upper limits\n of normal in size. No evidence of vascular congestion.\n \n Dobbhoff tube again coils within the upper stomach.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16004600/s57667768/27f57c5b-fa955243-17bbeb5e-a4da4468-ea230ab2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30afedbd-2604a603-5f44461a-e60aecd5-3ee25895", "study_id": 56509929, "subject_id": 11554445, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11554445/s56509929/30afedbd-2604a603-5f44461a-e60aecd5-3ee25895.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60198cf4-cc911081-b7fde667-de9e98cb-e526a5ef", "study_id": 57966755, "subject_id": 19900961, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Lungs are\n well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19900961/s57966755/60198cf4-cc911081-b7fde667-de9e98cb-e526a5ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91d4c940-4da2b1ee-fad77803-32b4a57b-1cc67996", "study_id": 52582639, "subject_id": 13957331, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes, which\n accentuate bronchovascular markings. No pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation, or pneumothorax is seen. No definite pulmonary edema is noted.\n Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged. Aortic arch calcifications\n are again noted. Heart size is top normal. Degenerative joint changes of the\n thoracic spine are longstanding.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13957331/s52582639/91d4c940-4da2b1ee-fad77803-32b4a57b-1cc67996.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81d42b14-dd05bc8c-0c62130a-a44dd785-c53c0bbc", "study_id": 57853196, "subject_id": 13024904, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n The left-sided central line, feeding tube, and endotracheal tube are unchanged\n in position. There are diffuse airspace opacities bilaterally which likely\n represent a combination of severe pulmonary edema and possibly pneumonia. Low\n lung volumes are present. There are bilateral pleural effusions, left side\n worse than right.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13024904/s57853196/81d42b14-dd05bc8c-0c62130a-a44dd785-c53c0bbc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3c155f7-48b47912-cb002ec0-49e3ff70-4043e8b2", "study_id": 50593012, "subject_id": 16335352, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes continue to be low with elevation of the right hemidiaphragm\n causing accentuation of the cardiac silhouette. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema.\n A TIPS stent is noted, and multiple vascular coils project over the midline\n upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16335352/s50593012/f3c155f7-48b47912-cb002ec0-49e3ff70-4043e8b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a1f0c036-2a3ecbaf-f6433c01-e2981c1e-a84a0d0a", "study_id": 56135075, "subject_id": 17566053, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute process. Findings: Lung volumes are slightly low. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. The heart size is top normal, although may\n be exaggerated by low lung volumes. Aortic tortuosity is seen. The\n mediastinal contours are otherwise unremarkable. Apical pleural scarring is\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17566053/s56135075/a1f0c036-2a3ecbaf-f6433c01-e2981c1e-a84a0d0a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0458d966-d69a13f6-03138749-e736a9a9-7e8149b8", "study_id": 56264173, "subject_id": 11297219, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion with increased bibasilar opacities, either\n atelectasis or infection. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Right ventricular lead\n of a left chest wall pacer terminates in \n stable position. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged and mediastinal contours\n are stable. Pulmonary vascular markings are increased, suggesting mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Right base and retrocardiac opacities are\n increased and could represent atelectasis or infection. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11297219/s56264173/0458d966-d69a13f6-03138749-e736a9a9-7e8149b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5f22433-6e7dd30e-1e710d9e-1118f758-b50ad5a5", "study_id": 54896919, "subject_id": 16007214, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Relatively low lung volumes are again noted with crowding of the\n bronchovascular markings an bibasilar atelectasis. There is no confluent\n consolidation, effusion or edema. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device is\n again seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Median sternotomy\n wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16007214/s54896919/b5f22433-6e7dd30e-1e710d9e-1118f758-b50ad5a5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18b4a329-6b9936a2-60d0382c-d60b29b0-41add7c3", "study_id": 59387604, "subject_id": 18470053, "report": "impression: 1. Appropriate position of ET tube with tip terminating at the level of the\n clavicles.\n 2. Improved bilateral atelectasis and pleural effusions. Findings: The ET tube is in more appropriate position at the level of the\n clavicles. The left PICC line is visualized with tip terminating in the upper\n SVC. The bilateral basilar atelectasis and pleural effusions are improved. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18470053/s59387604/18b4a329-6b9936a2-60d0382c-d60b29b0-41add7c3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79b1e5f9-cd955177-c5c2456a-ee5d8478-d68aad57", "study_id": 52974518, "subject_id": 14656387, "report": "impression: No acute pneumonia.\n \n Nodular opacity on the right at the level of the carina may reflect azygos\n vein although more prominent than expected. Findings: Lungs are clear. Asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is stable. \n Incidental note of azygos fissure. Heart size is top-normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Nodular opacity on the right at the level of the\n carina may reflect azygos vein although more prominent than expected. Suggest\n shallow oblique chest radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14656387/s52974518/79b1e5f9-cd955177-c5c2456a-ee5d8478-d68aad57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c71b2f69-fc7a9232-0b14c74f-d9e035d5-078807ec", "study_id": 54670297, "subject_id": 11146013, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views the chest provided. Overlying EKG lead somewhat limits\n assessment. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No signs of pneumonia or edema.\n No large effusion or pneumothorax. Mild elevation the right hemidiaphragm is\n again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11146013/s54670297/c71b2f69-fc7a9232-0b14c74f-d9e035d5-078807ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d8e201b-6b74fd57-6c203c19-c998426f-2a7243af", "study_id": 54919097, "subject_id": 14766138, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little overall\n change. The pulmonary vasculature is essentially within normal limits and\n there is little change in the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Hemodialysis\n catheter again extends to the right atrium. No acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14766138/s54919097/1d8e201b-6b74fd57-6c203c19-c998426f-2a7243af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c46e3b1d-b519a580-b3cc50dc-a10ccc09-16f307bf", "study_id": 59209134, "subject_id": 11688781, "report": "impression: Unchanged position of right Port-A-Cath with tip terminating in\n mid SVC. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, right\n Port-A-Cath tip remains in unchanged position at mid SVC. The heart is top\n normal in size. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. \n Lungs are clear with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n Surgical clips are noted over the right breast.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11688781/s59209134/c46e3b1d-b519a580-b3cc50dc-a10ccc09-16f307bf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6017a57-ac3a7b3f-3cc127e5-7c84d907-f5e8ef33", "study_id": 50485776, "subject_id": 18403013, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18403013/s50485776/a6017a57-ac3a7b3f-3cc127e5-7c84d907-f5e8ef33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "474fdf71-0d8e8dc4-e1f08b65-7d88752b-796fcde9", "study_id": 53102613, "subject_id": 12271336, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: PA and lateral view of the chest were provided. The heart size is normal. \n The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12271336/s53102613/474fdf71-0d8e8dc4-e1f08b65-7d88752b-796fcde9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f0f271f-084a23ab-617a8df1-e21e869d-35b0b960", "study_id": 59701165, "subject_id": 18775105, "report": "impression: Mild fluid overload. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Dialysis catheter again seen in\n unchanged position with its tip in the low SVC. A vascular stent is seen in\n the right brachiocephalic vein. There is again noted to be mild fluid\n overload with interstitial pulmonary edema noted. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18775105/s59701165/9f0f271f-084a23ab-617a8df1-e21e869d-35b0b960.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f54296ba-2440478e-27476294-f12033cf-ae6580b1", "study_id": 56358400, "subject_id": 11086980, "report": "impression: Blunting of the costophrenic angle posteriorly on the left suggesting a trace\n pleural effusion. No pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable and\n unchanged. Lungs are clear and mildly hyperinflated. No focal consolidation\n is identified. Minimal blunting of the left costophrenic angle on the\n posterior view may suggest a trace left pleural effusion. No right-sided\n pleural effusion is demonstrated, and there is no pneumothorax. No acute\n osseous abnormalities are present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11086980/s56358400/f54296ba-2440478e-27476294-f12033cf-ae6580b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "babc4a57-f0388f3e-a3428ff8-438e2f18-52f0747d", "study_id": 56584202, "subject_id": 13412043, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural abnormality. The\n heart size is top normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Mild degenerative changes of the spine and pectus excavatum deformity are\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13412043/s56584202/babc4a57-f0388f3e-a3428ff8-438e2f18-52f0747d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b85feee-95b39d2c-d4a631cb-44e341f2-7c4597b4", "study_id": 57627593, "subject_id": 12333387, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12333387/s57627593/5b85feee-95b39d2c-d4a631cb-44e341f2-7c4597b4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ed8a956-6af4322b-0a653f9a-c2437f05-db35eeb9", "study_id": 55217477, "subject_id": 10251475, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is\n normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10251475/s55217477/2ed8a956-6af4322b-0a653f9a-c2437f05-db35eeb9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "563723f6-f67ce4eb-41f40285-0eaa1772-f769c8ce", "study_id": 56963942, "subject_id": 12670178, "report": "impression: Well-positioned nasogastric tube. Findings: Interval placement of NG tube with tip terminating in mid portion\n of stomach. Otherwise, unchanged exam.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12670178/s56963942/563723f6-f67ce4eb-41f40285-0eaa1772-f769c8ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bd1ec2c-a66d2097-68b61a7c-4d5c9bc9-7f000bdf", "study_id": 59823136, "subject_id": 10225882, "report": "impression: 1. Interval slight decrease in left pleural effusion.\n \n 2. For more specific evaluation of the Pleurx catheter location or changes in\n the pleural effusion CT scan is recommended. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed. Compared to the most recent\n prior, there has been a slight interval decrease in the left pleural effusion.\n Lung volumes are low and there is bibasilar atelectasis. The left Pleurx\n catheter enters the left lower chest but cannot be traced to the tip. Normal\n heart and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10225882/s59823136/0bd1ec2c-a66d2097-68b61a7c-4d5c9bc9-7f000bdf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb7d4df2-b46310d8-277f3faa-5d955a94-76b189cd", "study_id": 52107665, "subject_id": 13187885, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac size is top normal. Hilar contours\n are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13187885/s52107665/eb7d4df2-b46310d8-277f3faa-5d955a94-76b189cd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17f14371-50778f3e-7ea1d567-b1c49658-c159f600", "study_id": 51032487, "subject_id": 19618591, "report": "impression: Limited exam with low lung volumes. No acute cardiopulmonary process\n otherwise identified. Findings: The study is somewhat limited due to low lung volumes and lordotic\n positioning. Heart size appears mildly enlarged but this is likely\n accentuated due to low lung volumes. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures but no\n pulmonary edema is demonstrated. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19618591/s51032487/17f14371-50778f3e-7ea1d567-b1c49658-c159f600.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f37d6400-cceb69aa-d2fbc336-8d69ebaf-4d1d64fa", "study_id": 57444604, "subject_id": 16726288, "report": "impression: No appreciable pneumothorax following left chest tube removal. Findings: The postoperative appearance of the lung following left lower lobectomy is\n stable. The left-sided chest tube has been removed. Elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm with associated left basilar subsegmental atelectasis is\n unchanged. Left chest wall subcutaneous emphysema has slightly improved. \n Heart size is normal. There is no appreciable pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16726288/s57444604/f37d6400-cceb69aa-d2fbc336-8d69ebaf-4d1d64fa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69e42c99-dd3b55e7-5211f124-a3df70a1-ecf428f6", "study_id": 59517881, "subject_id": 15041543, "report": "The previous nasogastric tube has been replaced by a new Dobbhoff\n catheter. The course of the catheter is unremarkable, the tip of the catheter\n projects over the gastroesophageal junction, the catheter should be advanced\n by approximately 5 cm.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.\n \n Unchanged appearance of the lungs and the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged\n position of the previously placed left subclavian vein catheter.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15041543/s59517881/69e42c99-dd3b55e7-5211f124-a3df70a1-ecf428f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "083a401d-0ee15b4b-bdab0017-a1b65829-74504ede", "study_id": 55003756, "subject_id": 13247581, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis with subtle lateral right middle lobe\n opacity. In the appropriate clinical setting, pneumonia should be considered. Findings: Again seen is bilateral lower lobe atelectasis and a tiny right\n pleural effusion. Lateral right middle lobe opacity is again seen. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Right IJ catheter is in unchanged\n position terminating in the mid SVC. Pleural surfaces are unremarkable. The\n patient is status post median sternotomy with wires seen midline.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13247581/s55003756/083a401d-0ee15b4b-bdab0017-a1b65829-74504ede.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e86cda5-9790b5f4-5fac318b-4bafcd9b-0c5d042b", "study_id": 50349543, "subject_id": 17201426, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Poor inspiratory effort cause crowding of the bronchovascular markings. No\n lobar consolidation, pulmonary edema, effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17201426/s50349543/7e86cda5-9790b5f4-5fac318b-4bafcd9b-0c5d042b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29c32410-df11d9bc-13b7786c-cc69afb9-fe6ad1e4", "study_id": 57550787, "subject_id": 12468016, "report": "impression: Persistent bibasilar opacities, somewhat improved on the right, potentially\n due to atelectasis. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities. Given difference in technique these\n may be slightly improved on the right and unchanged on the left. Superiorly,\n the lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits\n given rotation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12468016/s57550787/29c32410-df11d9bc-13b7786c-cc69afb9-fe6ad1e4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "868be8e9-df13c6c6-737def2a-b7d1fee5-24b7f672", "study_id": 50172412, "subject_id": 15222506, "report": "impression: 1. Other than chronic mild bibasilar atelectasis, the lungs are clear without\n evidence of pneumonia. \n \n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions are either chronic or recurrent. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate severe emphysema with\n distortion of pulmonary architecture. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n unchanged, demonstrating a calcified and tortuous aorta, with a heart which is\n normal in size. Oher than chronic mild bibasilar atelectasis, lungs are\n clear. Again seen are old right lateral rib fractures with associated\n traumatic pleural thickening. Small bilateral pleural effusions are either\n chronic or recurrent. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15222506/s50172412/868be8e9-df13c6c6-737def2a-b7d1fee5-24b7f672.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81bcef64-f99ea1c6-d1632951-d4dfb5ef-2716d294", "study_id": 52881927, "subject_id": 12309136, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is status post CABG, with intact median sternotomy wires.The lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Heart size is top-normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12309136/s52881927/81bcef64-f99ea1c6-d1632951-d4dfb5ef-2716d294.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "310326e2-c45395a9-64c34a8e-84a79ea0-fa412c41", "study_id": 56449340, "subject_id": 10583349, "report": "impression: Stable postoperative findings, no evidence of new acute CHF or\n new infiltrates. No pneumothorax. Findings: Patient's condition required examination in sitting upright\n position using AP frontal and left lateral views. Comparison is made with the\n next preceding postoperative supine chest examination of ___. \n Heart size suggests mild enlargement but not significantly different from what\n has been identified on the preoperative chest examination of ___.\n Thoracic aorta unchanged. The pulmonary vasculature is not congested, and the\n lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free from any major fluid\n accumulations. No pneumothorax is identified in the apical area on the\n frontal view. A right-sided internal jugular approach central venous line is\n present and seen to terminate overlying the right-sided mediastinal structures\n at the level 2 cm below the carina. This is compatible with the mid portion\n of the SVC. No pneumothorax has developed. No new parenchymal infiltrates\n are present. A local thickening of the minor fissure is noted, but such\n finding existed already on the next preceding postoperative supine\n examination.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10583349/s56449340/310326e2-c45395a9-64c34a8e-84a79ea0-fa412c41.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e21c933-2c96f831-6a500f43-1e2c7a45-54d3d8a8", "study_id": 53917099, "subject_id": 16490533, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is mildly enlarged with mild tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta. Hilar contours are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces\n are clear without effusion or pneumothorax. A right internal jugular approach\n Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the high right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16490533/s53917099/0e21c933-2c96f831-6a500f43-1e2c7a45-54d3d8a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b6725d41-63d9e489-08d6b4d2-1b3dfc22-91b9f9ae", "study_id": 56372126, "subject_id": 18299915, "report": "impression: No acute process. Assymetric right apical thickening. If patient\n has symptoms to lesion within this region (ie. arm pain), recommend further\n evaluation with CT. In abscence of symptoms, could be further evaluated with\n conventional radiographs and/or comparison with prior studies. Findings: Single frontal chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours. Assymetric right apical thickening\n present. Otherwise, lungs are clear, though there is a relative hyperlucency\n of the bilateral upper lungs suggesting emphysema. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax evident.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18299915/s56372126/b6725d41-63d9e489-08d6b4d2-1b3dfc22-91b9f9ae.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e41ffb2e-b990fd6f-aea68419-784a31bb-a54b52da", "study_id": 57511757, "subject_id": 15282940, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity. There is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. No\n vascular congestion, edema, or pleural effusions are identified. \n Cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no\n subdiaphragmatic free air.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15282940/s57511757/e41ffb2e-b990fd6f-aea68419-784a31bb-a54b52da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "161ff170-f9250dc1-f1b343f7-8d72041d-623badf2", "study_id": 56940782, "subject_id": 11258100, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11258100/s56940782/161ff170-f9250dc1-f1b343f7-8d72041d-623badf2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "646b9f53-24dd88fc-ae734305-494b42d1-76cd4173", "study_id": 59184749, "subject_id": 15117030, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.\n The hilar and pleural surfaces are unremarkable. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Anterior flowing osteophytosis of the mid thoracic spine\n is again noted on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15117030/s59184749/646b9f53-24dd88fc-ae734305-494b42d1-76cd4173.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "485a1705-a094bef4-052d59a9-c8f9dc22-acc06b6f", "study_id": 57876701, "subject_id": 11523942, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no change or evidence\n of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11523942/s57876701/485a1705-a094bef4-052d59a9-c8f9dc22-acc06b6f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6ec0de8-139ad79f-55829b4d-dbbec074-de004237", "study_id": 54396752, "subject_id": 19614400, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of old granulomatous disease. Relatively lower lung volumes, but\n no acute pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19614400/s54396752/f6ec0de8-139ad79f-55829b4d-dbbec074-de004237.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "55815c5b-70c34f6e-54ee80cf-1ea123fc-5f73dc5e", "study_id": 53174590, "subject_id": 18811957, "report": "impression: Mild asymmetric pulmonary edema on the left has developed in the interval with\n increased size of small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Moderate cardiomegaly\n appears similar compared to the previous exam. The aorta remains tortuous,\n and mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Known mediastinal\n lymphadenopathy is better assessed on the previous CT. Mild asymmetric\n pulmonary edema on the left has developed in the interval with increased size\n of small bilateral pleural effusions. Patchy opacities in the lung bases\n likely reflect areas of atelectasis. No pneumothorax is present. Moderate\n multilevel degenerative changes are demonstrated in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18811957/s53174590/55815c5b-70c34f6e-54ee80cf-1ea123fc-5f73dc5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a1a3ff4-f8bccbba-60d883f9-0707306a-0ccf922a", "study_id": 51282577, "subject_id": 19891610, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is thoracic scoliosis. The left hilar/mediastinal calcified nodes\n likely relate to prior granulomatous disease. The cardiac silhouette is\n top-normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. No focal consolidation\n is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19891610/s51282577/6a1a3ff4-f8bccbba-60d883f9-0707306a-0ccf922a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2ac910c-721cce36-dcef0fe8-0df17fbc-c1ea4b57", "study_id": 51351289, "subject_id": 16978607, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16978607/s51351289/b2ac910c-721cce36-dcef0fe8-0df17fbc-c1ea4b57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "882f5699-2d1af020-3da97a82-4a7fdc8c-bf65b125", "study_id": 53551215, "subject_id": 11098660, "report": "impression: Mild vascular congestion without overt pulmonary edema. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. The lungs are well expanded and clear\n with mild vascular congestion without overt pulmonary edema. The heart\n remains moderately enlarged with sternotomy wires and aortic valvular\n prosthesis is noted. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11098660/s53551215/882f5699-2d1af020-3da97a82-4a7fdc8c-bf65b125.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2fe0797a-c50851d8-b39a398d-f0004074-278732fc", "study_id": 55927608, "subject_id": 19674514, "report": "impression: Small to moderate left-sided pleural effusion. Findings: There is a small to moderate left-sided pleural effusion. Cardiac\n size remains stable. NG tube courses into the stomach and off the film. \n Right-sided PICC line terminates in the high SVC. There is no evidence of\n infection. Bibasal atelectasis is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19674514/s55927608/2fe0797a-c50851d8-b39a398d-f0004074-278732fc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ce813c2-79de1a03-6b1af933-3393d6d3-ec4dc6b1", "study_id": 58394928, "subject_id": 13246082, "report": "impression: Normal chest x-ray. No evidence of infection.\n \n These findings were reported to Dr. ___ via phone at 4:55 p.m. by\n ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear bilaterally with no focal\n consolidation, masses, lesions, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Pleural surfaces are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13246082/s58394928/2ce813c2-79de1a03-6b1af933-3393d6d3-ec4dc6b1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "646c485a-66c9b4bf-812a3226-d851c7e9-4f7727fa", "study_id": 51207371, "subject_id": 17122884, "report": "impression: Findings worrisome for right basilar pneumonia. Interval improvement in left\n base pneumonia. Findings: Previously seen left lower lobe pneumonia has appeared to decrease in the\n interval however there is right base opacity worrisome for right base\n pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette\n is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17122884/s51207371/646c485a-66c9b4bf-812a3226-d851c7e9-4f7727fa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "534e43f4-c293fe77-8b3c7d3b-cbef6c39-b1fc908a", "study_id": 52669146, "subject_id": 13053720, "report": "impression: Radiodensities projecting over the right lung base appear to be\n extrapulmonary. Clinical correlation is recommended. No focal consolidation\n is seen. Findings: Opacities projecting over the right lower lobe appear lie outside of the lung\n fields. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal\n consolidation is seen. Probable small right pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax. Unchanged moderate compression fracture of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body. Moderate degenerative change at the left glenohumeral joint.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13053720/s52669146/534e43f4-c293fe77-8b3c7d3b-cbef6c39-b1fc908a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d81eebf7-22a02782-d597e8dd-21f4a21f-aa21faf2", "study_id": 55215292, "subject_id": 14973298, "report": "impression: Indistinct pulmonary vascular markings seen bilaterally\n potentially due to pulmonary vascular congestion versus chronic lung disease. \n Probable right basilar atelectasis, when amenable 2 view with better\n inspiratory effort can be performed. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. No prior. Increased\n interstitial markings are seen in the lungs bilaterally. More focal\n opacities seen at the right lung base. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged. \n Degenerative, potentially post-traumatic changes seen at the proximal right\n humerus which are incompletely visualized.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14973298/s55215292/d81eebf7-22a02782-d597e8dd-21f4a21f-aa21faf2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4109d846-4cfdf466-45420fe3-76da4993-6f9bc062", "study_id": 53290737, "subject_id": 12006065, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are relatively low with secondary bibasilar atelectasis. \n Superiorly, lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No\n acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12006065/s53290737/4109d846-4cfdf466-45420fe3-76da4993-6f9bc062.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24de67ef-b1756eec-4fd8917b-67946e22-fc977580", "study_id": 50813936, "subject_id": 12258317, "report": "impression: No acute chest pathology. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs\n without effusion or pneumothorax. The heart size is normal, the mediastinal\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12258317/s50813936/24de67ef-b1756eec-4fd8917b-67946e22-fc977580.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d861d364-53a17022-065ec1fb-e294196c-45229bdb", "study_id": 59428438, "subject_id": 14458546, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Unchanged, enlarged right\n hilum consistent with lymphadenopathy better seen on prior studies. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.\n The heart size is normal. There is again seen abnormally enlarged contour of\n the right hilum consistent with lymphadenopathy on prior studies, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14458546/s59428438/d861d364-53a17022-065ec1fb-e294196c-45229bdb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da2aad33-6eb529c7-6269ee5b-2384fab4-71d3e6f6", "study_id": 52416928, "subject_id": 19852420, "report": "impression: Possible developing opacity in the right midlung zone. This may represents a\n pneumonia. Recommend short interval followup with a repeat chest radiograph in\n 12 hours. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There is a possible developing opacity in the\n right mid lung zone. There is no pulmonary edema. Blunting of the right\n costophrenic angle is likely due to the small pleural effusion, which was\n better assessed on the lateral chest radiograph from one day earlier. There is\n no definite left pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The slight apparent enlargement of the\n heart is likely due to the AP technique.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19852420/s52416928/da2aad33-6eb529c7-6269ee5b-2384fab4-71d3e6f6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7d1c5dbf-938f838c-49f57f7a-79870961-4a4685f3", "study_id": 58689398, "subject_id": 10046679, "report": "impression: 1. Focal opacity in the right lower lobe is new from ___ and concerning\n for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Bilateral, small pleural effusions are new. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Focal opacity in the right lower lobe is new.\n \n No pneumothorax. Bilateral small pleural effusions are new.\n \n Hilar contours are normal. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10046679/s58689398/7d1c5dbf-938f838c-49f57f7a-79870961-4a4685f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "37531e39-88583473-9539668c-8d26f8cc-d7b683db", "study_id": 52035069, "subject_id": 10875129, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.\n There is persistent loss of vertebral body height in T11, unchanged from\n priors.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10875129/s52035069/37531e39-88583473-9539668c-8d26f8cc-d7b683db.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f310ed49-8122e72d-c1c0a907-61222735-c82f3b7d", "study_id": 50285178, "subject_id": 10246786, "report": "impression: Interval development of moderate right-sided pleural effusion\n since prior. Focal opacity projecting over the spine on the lateral view\n should be followed on subsequent exams. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval development of a\n moderate-sized right-sided pleural effusion. More focal opacity seen on the\n lateral view projecting over the spine is of uncertain etiology, potentially\n superimposed parenchymal consolidation or lesion. The left lung is clear\n without effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to assess given\n silhouetting on the right. Atherosclerotic calcifications seen at the aortic\n arch. No acute osseous abnormalities. Flowing anterior osteophytes seen in\n the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10246786/s50285178/f310ed49-8122e72d-c1c0a907-61222735-c82f3b7d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0eeb7272-a195f4f7-7860e080-6ef10696-5b06b709", "study_id": 58137153, "subject_id": 14766235, "report": "impression: No significant interval change of bilateral upper lobe opacities concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: When compared to recent exams, there has been no significant interval change. \n The ground-glass opacities in the upper lobes bilaterally seen on prior chest\n CT are seen as vague upper lobe parenchymal opacities. Compared to prior\n chest x-ray they have not significantly changed. Possible trace bilateral\n pleural effusions persist. There is a moderate hiatal hernia.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Median sternotomy wires again noted. \n Thoracic compression deformities are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14766235/s58137153/0eeb7272-a195f4f7-7860e080-6ef10696-5b06b709.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea9d311d-d3e70ab2-7c85d467-604ab10e-6011abaf", "study_id": 50375501, "subject_id": 10910797, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are continued low lung\n volumes. No evidence of acute pneumonia, vascular congestion, or pleural\n effusions", "image_path": [ "p10/p10910797/s50375501/ea9d311d-d3e70ab2-7c85d467-604ab10e-6011abaf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3730c218-67030498-da6c565b-554c2e88-e94ed656", "study_id": 50621052, "subject_id": 19133405, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and\n pleural surfaces are unremarkable. A tracheostomy is appropriately placed. A\n left Port-A-Cath is seen with the tip at the cavoatrial junction. Air\n distended colonic loops are noted in the left upper abdomen, similar to prior\n exam from ___.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19133405/s50621052/3730c218-67030498-da6c565b-554c2e88-e94ed656.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "310ed1a6-ee306bc9-07d8d696-d5e3caa3-37749a62", "study_id": 58376214, "subject_id": 17051517, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema. Findings: There is a moderate cardiomegaly and moderate pulmonary edema. Mild blunting\n of the right cardiophrenic angle, likely due to overlying soft tissue. There\n is no pneumothorax.\n The mediastinum and hila are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17051517/s58376214/310ed1a6-ee306bc9-07d8d696-d5e3caa3-37749a62.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0ccb3d8-45bfe616-17b93e61-b18995f3-9fc5a09e", "study_id": 58406499, "subject_id": 17418265, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \n Aorta is mildly tortuous. No pleural effusion, consolidation, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17418265/s58406499/f0ccb3d8-45bfe616-17b93e61-b18995f3-9fc5a09e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8412313-bc7ef71c-4b1d0198-4e60ea3a-615ebcb2", "study_id": 53471904, "subject_id": 12924843, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size. No convincing signs of pneumonia or edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Mild elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm is noted. Lungs appear relatively clear. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart is mildly prominent. Mediastinal contour is\n unremarkable. Bony structures appear grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12924843/s53471904/c8412313-bc7ef71c-4b1d0198-4e60ea3a-615ebcb2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "659d0ec0-aa4d98ae-506610b6-91186ac2-53800191", "study_id": 50283373, "subject_id": 13481293, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Calcified granuloma projects\n over the left mid lung. No focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13481293/s50283373/659d0ec0-aa4d98ae-506610b6-91186ac2-53800191.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d09d3333-36d690a8-08567806-0be8d6f9-dcb59be3", "study_id": 57102186, "subject_id": 10694040, "report": "impression: Mildly increased interstitial markings at the lung bases may be due to\n atelectasis. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is re- demonstrated with lead terminating in right\n ventricle. Heart size remains moderately enlarged. The aorta is unfolded and\n diffusely calcified, similar compared to the prior exam. No overt pulmonary\n edema is present. Increased interstitial markings within the lung bases may\n reflect atelectasis. No focal consolidation is noted. No definite pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10694040/s57102186/d09d3333-36d690a8-08567806-0be8d6f9-dcb59be3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2117238d-a96c2133-2710d377-e1371e4f-6c58e1b2", "study_id": 57706396, "subject_id": 18107378, "report": "impression: 1. Findings suggestive of metastatic disease including numerous bilateral\n nodular opacities throughout the lungs and focal regions of osteolysis. \n \n 2. Left basilar opacity at least in part due to an effusion and likely\n underlying atelectasis noting that infection could not be excluded. CT chest\n may help further evaluate. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Right chest wall dual lead lumen\n catheter seen with tip in the mid to lower SVC. There multifocal nodular\n opacities in the lungs bilaterally most concerning for metastatic disease. \n There is a small to moderate left pleural effusion. Underlying atelectasis\n suspected, possible infection cannot be excluded. The cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the arch. Surgical clips\n project over the lower neck. There are focal areas of osteolysis best noted\n at the lateral aspect of the right 4th rib.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18107378/s57706396/2117238d-a96c2133-2710d377-e1371e4f-6c58e1b2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13eda775-bdb76fca-4fa25101-8129bef7-428dd522", "study_id": 57139168, "subject_id": 14369332, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Right-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates at the junction of the SVC and right\n atrium. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is visualized. There are no acute osseous abnormality\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14369332/s57139168/13eda775-bdb76fca-4fa25101-8129bef7-428dd522.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b39ce982-cf3dbe1d-9ff98a29-99124fbf-89a7fbab", "study_id": 59148692, "subject_id": 16238625, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly.\n Mild vascular congestion. Findings: The heart is stably enlarged. There is mild central vascular congestion. \n Lungs are hyperinflated. No large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. \n Osseous structures are demineralized and the wedge compression fracture in the\n lower thoracic/upper lumbar spine is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16238625/s59148692/b39ce982-cf3dbe1d-9ff98a29-99124fbf-89a7fbab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1bf61b81-573042eb-cc1c4ead-8d274c9a-67f3d3d9", "study_id": 55034752, "subject_id": 14844285, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable superimposed vascular congestion. Findings: Low lung volumes are noted on the frontal view with secondary crowding of the\n bronchovascular markings. There may be superimposed component of vascular\n congestion. There is no large confluent consolidation or effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but stable given differences in different in technique.\n Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. Compression deformity\n of a lower thoracic vertebral body is similar compared to prior.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14844285/s55034752/1bf61b81-573042eb-cc1c4ead-8d274c9a-67f3d3d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3828836-39a6f688-b5193302-382989b7-2e8b8f33", "study_id": 56678819, "subject_id": 18050451, "report": "impression: Right IJ in adequate position in the SVC, provided there is\n adequate draw back clinically.\n \n These findings were communicated to the patient's clinical team by phone at\n 3:50 p.m. Findings: Two frontal images of the chest demonstrate a right-sided IJ\n central catheter in place with the tip apparently in adequate position in the\n SVC, provided there is adequate draw back clinically. There is no\n pneumothorax or other complication seen. Atelectasis is seen at the left lung\n base. There is no pleural effusion. There is substantial right perihilar\n post-surgical changes which makes differentiating mediastinal tissues\n difficult. The heart appears to be of normal size. Subcutaneous gas is\n visualized along the right side of the body up to the neck.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18050451/s56678819/f3828836-39a6f688-b5193302-382989b7-2e8b8f33.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec4eb06e-162e53d8-49272a00-6e8a8ff4-ae9b481d", "study_id": 56843861, "subject_id": 16198568, "report": "impression: While there may be minimal vascular congestion, no overt pulmonary edema is\n seen. No focal consolidation. Findings: No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. Mediastinal hilar contours are\n unremarkable. While there may be minimal vascular congestion, no overt\n pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16198568/s56843861/ec4eb06e-162e53d8-49272a00-6e8a8ff4-ae9b481d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0c726a2-7f3e285f-3919b9f8-1d1080a1-4ed219af", "study_id": 51343251, "subject_id": 15268535, "report": "impression: Mild edema without definite new focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Increased interstitial\n markings are seen throughout the lungs, which may represent interstitial\n edema. There is no large effusion. Retrocardiac opacity is compatible with\n previoulsy seen hiatal hernia. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips\n are again noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15268535/s51343251/e0c726a2-7f3e285f-3919b9f8-1d1080a1-4ed219af.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "63b98436-67fb13ae-cc0e30a9-75bd0cbf-edf770ec", "study_id": 50038830, "subject_id": 11537949, "report": "Support and monitoring devices are in standard position. \n Widespread subcutaneous emphysema is again demonstrated, as well as\n pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and a small right apicolateral\n pneumothorax. These findings are similar to the prior radiograph, with no\n acute short interval changes since the recent study.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11537949/s50038830/63b98436-67fb13ae-cc0e30a9-75bd0cbf-edf770ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b43797f0-56dfc046-fe6d91f4-7afd26b4-37169b7a", "study_id": 58865361, "subject_id": 17218741, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease.\n \n Findings consistent with known pulmonary fibrosis. Findings: The tip of the left PICC line projects over the superior cavoatrial junction.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n Unchanged bilateral pulmonary reticular markings, consistent with the\n patient's provided clinical history of pulmonary fibrosis.\n \n The size the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17218741/s58865361/b43797f0-56dfc046-fe6d91f4-7afd26b4-37169b7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fee260dd-9e8e673f-8c5df2af-11292b88-d41614ab", "study_id": 54204588, "subject_id": 12332385, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The heart is normal in size with normal cardiomediastinal\n contours.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12332385/s54204588/fee260dd-9e8e673f-8c5df2af-11292b88-d41614ab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0f6b3bf-15ce0a4e-7a685d69-ad08c679-9ffff31b", "study_id": 57597510, "subject_id": 19722097, "report": "impression: Emphysema. No acute pneumonia.\n \n Results were communicated with Dr. ___ at 3:20 p.m. on ___ via\n telephone by Dr. ___. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear\n without consolidation or pleural effusions. There is stable hyperinflation\n and subtle lucency of the upper lobes consistent with underlying emphysema. \n There is a stable benign-appearing osseous lesion within the left humerus,\n likely an enchondroma.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19722097/s57597510/b0f6b3bf-15ce0a4e-7a685d69-ad08c679-9ffff31b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "38330170-6ebf37ac-7b270a1b-df49eae1-6a873fda", "study_id": 52963569, "subject_id": 11038022, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. There are no pleural abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11038022/s52963569/38330170-6ebf37ac-7b270a1b-df49eae1-6a873fda.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ba4e07d-51ced1a4-114b4d98-8e0fe08d-c6b6f643", "study_id": 58703673, "subject_id": 13488637, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: As compared to the prior exam dated ___, there has been no significant\n interval change. There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax, or frank pulmonary edema. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted at the aortic arch. Mild mild-moderate cardiomegaly\n is noted. A small hiatal hernia is present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13488637/s58703673/5ba4e07d-51ced1a4-114b4d98-8e0fe08d-c6b6f643.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "34be7acd-43f29383-89a8f0c3-60bb1b44-77312217", "study_id": 51015898, "subject_id": 14349210, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n \n A preliminary read was provided, upon request, via telephone by ___\n ___, MD, to ___, NP, at ___ on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate mildly enlarged hila,\n unchanged since ___. The heart, mediastinum, lungs, and pleural surfaces are\n normal, without evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14349210/s51015898/34be7acd-43f29383-89a8f0c3-60bb1b44-77312217.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e917836-0c12b991-05f4760c-0b1ef9c0-10556814", "study_id": 57660366, "subject_id": 19988669, "report": "impression: Stable small right pneumothorax\n Increased bibasilar opacities could be due to atelectasis and or aspiration Findings: Small right apical pneumothorax is unchanged. Right chest tube is in unchanged\n position. Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Bibasilar opacities have\n increased consistent with worsening atelectasis or aspiration there is no\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19988669/s57660366/8e917836-0c12b991-05f4760c-0b1ef9c0-10556814.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "149df6b4-2c11e85d-3f7cedee-b71b5e77-2aa8cc6e", "study_id": 52312526, "subject_id": 10909579, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. No acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. Minimal left base atelectasis is seen. There is\n also linear opacity at the lateral right lung base also likely relating to\n atelectasis/scarring. No new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable and unremarkable. Multiple surgical clips are seen in the pelvis. An\n additional ovoid radiopaque object again projects over the thoracolumbar\n junction.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10909579/s52312526/149df6b4-2c11e85d-3f7cedee-b71b5e77-2aa8cc6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac094616-aaac14c2-90f2683f-a9ccd4af-c7768dc8", "study_id": 53808536, "subject_id": 17767787, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial pulmonary edema, small bilateral effusions. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Mild interstitial edema is noted\n with small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is normal in size. The hila\n appear minimally in cord shin. No pneumothorax. Bony structures intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17767787/s53808536/ac094616-aaac14c2-90f2683f-a9ccd4af-c7768dc8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32bbe3c8-697b2936-f57abd43-7c5c95e2-2245d4cf", "study_id": 50823820, "subject_id": 11356217, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Multiple monitoring and support devices, status post aortic valve\n replacement. Unchanged moderate pulmonary edema, moderate cardiomegaly,\n bilateral pleural effusions with areas of atelectasis and absence of\n pneumothorax. No new parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11356217/s50823820/32bbe3c8-697b2936-f57abd43-7c5c95e2-2245d4cf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aca874b3-8d215a99-eb6a8a8f-906369ad-1bf43afb", "study_id": 57930329, "subject_id": 19002762, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n \n 2. Nodule in the right upper lobe is superimposed over the right posterior\n rib, new from ___. Shallow obliques off the frontal view could be performed\n for further evaluation.\n \n Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ by phone at\n 3:41pm ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Low lung\n volumes result in bronchovascular crowding. There is bibasilar atelectasis\n without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. A nodular\n opacity in the right upper lobe is superimposed over the right sixth posterior\n rib. The heart cannot be well evaluated due to lung volumes. The aorta is\n tortuous. Hilar contours are normal. Degenerative change is seen in the\n shoulder girdles bilaterally. There is no free air under the diaphragm.\n Compression deformities in the thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19002762/s57930329/aca874b3-8d215a99-eb6a8a8f-906369ad-1bf43afb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a402a357-72dd972e-5cf4fb70-baed8a57-0ca26476", "study_id": 57098714, "subject_id": 15477562, "report": "impression: 1. Stable mild pulmonary edema.\n 2. Stable severe cardiomegaly.\n 3. Unchanged small retrocardiac opacity is most likely atelectasis. Findings: Old right pacemaker leads and a left pectoral generator are\n unchanged in appearance. Severe cardiomegaly is stable. Mild edema persists\n without evidence of pleural effusions. A small retrocardiac opacity is\n unchanged and has the appearance of atelectasis. There is no new\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax. Sternal wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15477562/s57098714/a402a357-72dd972e-5cf4fb70-baed8a57-0ca26476.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb8b3053-ceb4e106-db03cf8a-5e01b101-333a0762", "study_id": 55029945, "subject_id": 16017500, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16017500/s55029945/fb8b3053-ceb4e106-db03cf8a-5e01b101-333a0762.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b08dee3d-64123370-78aeb9f3-dafdfc3d-4fe077be", "study_id": 53223503, "subject_id": 16342554, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormality is identified. There is a chronic mild\n compression deformity of the lower thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16342554/s53223503/b08dee3d-64123370-78aeb9f3-dafdfc3d-4fe077be.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2fab88c3-0e64e9ba-32a5af9f-656db7c7-af8656f1", "study_id": 50303094, "subject_id": 11693022, "report": "impression: Markedly improved left hilar mass, but increased left basilar opacification\n with pleural effusion suggesting atelectasis or pneumonia. Findings: There has been marked decrease in a left hilar mass. The right lung remains\n clear without pleural effusion. On the left, there is an increased volume loss\n at the left lung base with a pleural effusion and posterior opacity which may\n represent atelectasis or pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11693022/s50303094/2fab88c3-0e64e9ba-32a5af9f-656db7c7-af8656f1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca643635-cce3309f-3d70597f-ddaf2e6e-27c014a8", "study_id": 50871253, "subject_id": 18847661, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The heart is normal in size with normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18847661/s50871253/ca643635-cce3309f-3d70597f-ddaf2e6e-27c014a8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6941cfe3-b31106cd-b5a9f1af-7871ab45-41254812", "study_id": 57893492, "subject_id": 10161682, "report": "impression: 1. Multifocal pneumonia in the right lung. Followup radiographs are\n recommended following treatment to ensure complete resolution.\n 2. Underlying mild pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema. Findings: Focal consolidations are seen in the right lower lobe and the right upper\n lobe, with a small associated right pleural effusion. Underlying pulmonary\n vascular congestion and pulmonary edema is mild. There is no pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10161682/s57893492/6941cfe3-b31106cd-b5a9f1af-7871ab45-41254812.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad78f638-6e988499-40d02052-be0830fd-c2e76b39", "study_id": 51090581, "subject_id": 17148127, "report": "impression: A subtle opacity at the right lung base in the appropriate clinical setting\n could represent pneumonia. Findings: A subtle opacity at the right lung base is concerning for pneumonia. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax, fracture or dislocation. Limited assessment of the abdomen is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17148127/s51090581/ad78f638-6e988499-40d02052-be0830fd-c2e76b39.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "68737c6b-93e7cece-7317a8d3-e7aa0598-da5b01a0", "study_id": 55365409, "subject_id": 13912733, "report": "impression: Interval placement of a new Dobbhoff feeding tube which has its tip in the\n distal esophagus at the level of the GE junction. Advancement is recommended\n and was conveyed by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ on ___ at 21:45. Diffuse interstitial and airspace process throughout the right\n lung and involving the left mid and lower lung does not appear to be\n significantly changed. Overall cardiac and mediastinal contours are stable. No\n pneumothorax. No large effusions. Right internal jugular central line\n unchanged in position. Findings: Portable AP erect chest film ___ at 18 15 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13912733/s55365409/68737c6b-93e7cece-7317a8d3-e7aa0598-da5b01a0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c7177f4-53acf297-3317a27c-52c26904-c55a0e3a", "study_id": 50584734, "subject_id": 15649581, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate well expanded, clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no\n pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15649581/s50584734/2c7177f4-53acf297-3317a27c-52c26904-c55a0e3a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02acb4bd-acf83d05-26ed3232-317251a4-aecd0820", "study_id": 58584983, "subject_id": 15896509, "report": "impression: 1.3-cm ovoid nodular opacity right lung base which further\n evaluation with chest CT is advised.\n \n Findings were posted to the ED dashboard as well as discussed with Dr. ___\n on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Projecting\n over the right lung base, there is a 1.3-cm nodular opacity for which further\n evaluation on chest CT is recommended. The remainder of the lung fields is\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. The\n mediastinum and hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15896509/s58584983/02acb4bd-acf83d05-26ed3232-317251a4-aecd0820.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5442bacf-31685cf1-ae51bb84-aec2bc74-bff44325", "study_id": 52473911, "subject_id": 14728956, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there are newly appeared\n bilateral pleural effusions with subsequent areas of atelectasis. The extent\n of the effusions is moderate. The atelectasis are better seen on the lateral\n than on the frontal radiograph. In addition, there is a non-gravity dependent\n opacity at the posterior aspects of the right lower lobe that might represent\n pneumonia. The size of the cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged in unchanged\n manner. There is no pneumothorax. The patient carries a double-lumen\n dialysis catheter on the right.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14728956/s52473911/5442bacf-31685cf1-ae51bb84-aec2bc74-bff44325.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2117651-ca69d83a-7f111551-bf3576d1-34b221b5", "study_id": 55198559, "subject_id": 18981638, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18981638/s55198559/f2117651-ca69d83a-7f111551-bf3576d1-34b221b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d73b76bf-a96c1eeb-e012d361-7b232787-7bb03f70", "study_id": 51621466, "subject_id": 17132849, "report": "impression: No pneumonia or edema. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. A small left pleural effusion is\n likely present. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. Mediastinal silhouette\n with aortic tortuosity is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17132849/s51621466/d73b76bf-a96c1eeb-e012d361-7b232787-7bb03f70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c9353b8-81e6cfa0-c58190e4-999c6b86-2f8457ba", "study_id": 57200232, "subject_id": 19553823, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs hyperinflated but clear without focal opacity, pulmonary edema or\n pneumothorax. Minimal left pleural thickening is unchanged since ___. The\n cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There is no free air beneath the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19553823/s57200232/9c9353b8-81e6cfa0-c58190e4-999c6b86-2f8457ba.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b16ce58f-13df82d3-dcc37b10-6fd0b1eb-c3b79f45", "study_id": 58614792, "subject_id": 13806607, "report": "impression: Findings suggest pneumonia in the right middle lobe. If impression of\n pneumonia is discordant with clinical presentation, then correlation with\n whether there may have been any recent pulmonary infection is recommended; the\n area of opacification is not typical of atelectasis or mass lesion. \n Correlation with any prior outside radiographs may also be helpful. Follow-up\n radiographs are recommended to show resolution in ___ weeks. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Patchy opacity\n affects the medial anterior right middle lobe. Otherwise, the lungs appear\n clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13806607/s58614792/b16ce58f-13df82d3-dcc37b10-6fd0b1eb-c3b79f45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5d8693c-83423522-38de0edf-f8cdce3f-8372c199", "study_id": 54208485, "subject_id": 14779022, "report": "impression: Marked improvement of diffuse sarcoid changes seen on PA and\n lateral chest examination during the latest six-month examination interval. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n chest examinations of ___ and ___. The heart size is within\n normal limits. No typical configurational abnormality is seen. Thoracic\n aorta stable. No new contour abnormalities identified. Mediastinal\n structures unremarkable. The previously identified bilateral fullness of the\n hilar regions as well as the markedly increased interstitial structures in\n both lungs has now undergone marked improvement. Whereas comparison between\n the previous examinations of ___ and ___ could not demonstrate a\n conclusive improvement, the present examination shows almost complete\n normalization of the previously increased interstitial markings. Also\n fullness of the hilar regions observed and commented upon previously has\n clearly regressed. No evidence of new abnormalities. No signs of pleural\n effusion and no pneumothorax in the apical area. Review of chest CT of\n ___ illustrated well, the at that time rather advanced\n interstitial and peripheral parenchymally seen nodular densities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14779022/s54208485/a5d8693c-83423522-38de0edf-f8cdce3f-8372c199.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e21751ea-f5eace88-22977857-fc362265-a32efcd7", "study_id": 57193842, "subject_id": 12932566, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothoraces. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12932566/s57193842/e21751ea-f5eace88-22977857-fc362265-a32efcd7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "394eeb6d-a6546d00-7ea0291c-5ce5b258-0e3615e6", "study_id": 58952759, "subject_id": 10131482, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial abnormality, probably not related to the\n patient's acute chest pain. Findings: The left costophrenic angle is incompletely imaged on frontal view.\n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. Mild\n interstitial prominence is likely chronic, most commonly due to smoking or\n other respiratory irritant. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10131482/s58952759/394eeb6d-a6546d00-7ea0291c-5ce5b258-0e3615e6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39422d96-3f5c1920-93e7e065-59a4bb03-1f828b37", "study_id": 54084945, "subject_id": 17948846, "report": "impression: 1. Hypoinflated lungs with right lower lobe atelectasis.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with right lower lobe atelectasis. Small left\n pleural effusion noted. No pneumothorax. Heart is top-normal in size which\n is likely accentuated due to patient positioning and low lung volumes. \n Atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic arch is again noted. Mediastinal\n contour and hila are unremarkable. Left chest wall pacer device lead tips are\n in the right atrium and right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17948846/s54084945/39422d96-3f5c1920-93e7e065-59a4bb03-1f828b37.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "777f0cdc-cad67d44-7d6e3bb6-d2c932b2-8f3b61f2", "study_id": 52176081, "subject_id": 10471505, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours\n are unchanged. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10471505/s52176081/777f0cdc-cad67d44-7d6e3bb6-d2c932b2-8f3b61f2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "743fe568-e7f10519-4dde2881-cb8a22db-a28706d7", "study_id": 55131021, "subject_id": 14538502, "report": "impression: Clear lungs. Findings: Normal, heart, lungs, pleura and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14538502/s55131021/743fe568-e7f10519-4dde2881-cb8a22db-a28706d7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a66154be-e4d60042-ffbfcc31-b097f1dd-300975e7", "study_id": 51665948, "subject_id": 16721041, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for right upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Subtle area\n of right upper lobe opacity is seen which is worrisome for pneumonia. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16721041/s51665948/a66154be-e4d60042-ffbfcc31-b097f1dd-300975e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "406ea27a-78b8b36d-023f550e-4b9d0b5f-827a17ed", "study_id": 54435203, "subject_id": 10193065, "report": "impression: 1. New pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema.\n 2. Previously noted nodular opacity projecting over left heart border is\n obscured on current exam. However, agree with the prior recommendation of ___ for nonemergent chest CT for further evaluation, once the acute\n symptoms resolve. Findings: Compared with the prior radiograph, mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. Unfolded\n aorta is unchanged. There is new pulmonary vascular congestion with mild\n pulmonary edema. The previously described nodular opacity projecting in the\n left mid to lower lung is obscured by the edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10193065/s54435203/406ea27a-78b8b36d-023f550e-4b9d0b5f-827a17ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b21af0db-b8224062-ee37be9e-eac8e398-d6ebace1", "study_id": 50279310, "subject_id": 16490541, "report": "impression: 1. Left pleural effusion and atelectasis are unchanged from ___ \n 2. Likely asymemtric edema, left more than right, but pneumonia in the left\n mid lung cannot be excluded given the slow clearance. Findings: A catheter projects over the lower left\n hemithorax, unchanged in position. Left pleural fluid and adjacent\n atelectasis are unchanged from ___. There is no pneumothorax.\n Persistent opacity in the left mid lung is likely asymmetric edema given the\n increased right basilar opacity with septal lines. Right upper lobe anterior\n segment opacity has further improved. No right pleural effusion. Cardiac\n silhouette is difficult to assess.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16490541/s50279310/b21af0db-b8224062-ee37be9e-eac8e398-d6ebace1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a32e7ab9-e55d9fcc-7ebf53ed-e6891d60-18d66aaa", "study_id": 51024811, "subject_id": 10023239, "report": "impression: Loss of the right heart border with subtle increased right lower\n lung opacity which could represent right middle lobe pneumonia. Findings: There is subtle right basilar opacity and lack of visualization of\n the right heart border. There is minimal increased density projecting over\n the cardiac sillouette on the lateral view. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10023239/s51024811/a32e7ab9-e55d9fcc-7ebf53ed-e6891d60-18d66aaa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c736b16a-f6dace06-85d94713-bc1a37a0-cbe1b99f", "study_id": 54537577, "subject_id": 17284025, "report": "impression: 1. Cardiomegaly.\n \n 2. Several mildly displaced right lower rib fractures.\n \n 3. Moderate pulmonary edema.\n \n 4. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: No previous studies available for direct comparison.\n \n The heart size is enlarged. There is prominence of the pulmonary interstitial\n markings suggestive of fluid overload. There are several mildly displaced rib\n fractures along the right lower chest. No pneumothoraces are identified. \n Small bilateral pleural effusions are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17284025/s54537577/c736b16a-f6dace06-85d94713-bc1a37a0-cbe1b99f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b64f59c7-3a26c9de-e9a807a9-57d2e630-bafddf6c", "study_id": 53689184, "subject_id": 15957987, "report": "As compared to the previous examination, the pleural effusion is\n unchanged in extent. However, the right lung has increased in volume and\n decreased in density, likely reflecting improved ventilation. The left lung\n is unchanged. Unchanged esophageal stent and pectoral Port-A-Cath. No newly\n occurred parenchymal opacities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15957987/s53689184/b64f59c7-3a26c9de-e9a807a9-57d2e630-bafddf6c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ffa91161-ea6dff61-dc2d58ea-9ea8534d-c48cb366", "study_id": 52148569, "subject_id": 12022745, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The lung volumes are low. The mediastinal, cardiac and hilar\n contours appear within normal limits. Streaky left basilar opacity suggests\n minor atelectasis associated with a mildly elevated left hemidiaphragm,\n although less striking than before. Otherwise, the lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12022745/s52148569/ffa91161-ea6dff61-dc2d58ea-9ea8534d-c48cb366.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f13a91b3-58601c24-aa6f23b5-58db1660-88ff761a", "study_id": 57614650, "subject_id": 13994738, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the pre-existing subtle\n opacity in the right lung has decreased in extent and severity, it is barely\n visible on today's image. Also resolved is a pre-existing plate-like\n atelectasis on the left. The lung parenchyma is otherwise normal. Normal\n appearance of the hilar structures. No evidence of sarcoid. Unchanged size\n of the heart. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13994738/s57614650/f13a91b3-58601c24-aa6f23b5-58db1660-88ff761a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "347bfff4-8388f8ac-281e44fc-85fea33b-122eac6c", "study_id": 57561291, "subject_id": 14645074, "report": "impression: 1. Dilatation of the aortic knob, more pronounced than on the prior CT. \n Chest CTA is recommended for further assessment given the history of chest\n pain.\n 2. No evidence for pneumonia. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The aortic knob appears dilated to 4.5 cm,\n more pronounced than that seen on the prior CT of the chest from ___. Hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are\n clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute osseous\n abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14645074/s57561291/347bfff4-8388f8ac-281e44fc-85fea33b-122eac6c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67d0ef54-d6ecc0eb-c7641bf6-6c5fbcbc-e9cdc384", "study_id": 57118244, "subject_id": 18113806, "report": "impression: 1. Small left pleural effusion and atelectasis. \n 2. Left apical opacity may represent combination of apical scarring and\n overlying structures, however, recommend AP lordotic view for further\n evaluation. Findings: 2 views were obtained of the chest. Small left pleural effusion is\n seen with accompanying left basilar atelectasis. There is no right pleural\n effusion or focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax with mild biapical\n pleural thickening. The heart is normal in size with normal cardiomediastinal\n contours with dual lead pacemaker noted in conventional position.\n \n Small left apical opacity projecting along the inferior border of the clavicle\n may represent combination of apical scarring and overlying structures,\n however, recommend AP lordotic view for further evaluation.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18113806/s57118244/67d0ef54-d6ecc0eb-c7641bf6-6c5fbcbc-e9cdc384.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8407c26-35a264b2-2bcc2dec-4a87dcf8-a75ad672", "study_id": 56001424, "subject_id": 19529121, "report": "impression: New moderate right-sided pleural effusion and small left pleural effusion. Findings: There is a new moderate right-sided pleural effusion, likely with superimposed\n comparison atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. There is no\n focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stably enlarged. Median sternotomy wires and a prosthetic aortic\n valve are noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19529121/s56001424/a8407c26-35a264b2-2bcc2dec-4a87dcf8-a75ad672.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea8ed100-33885dc0-1e945aeb-02f140bf-a4cdaf57", "study_id": 52520190, "subject_id": 11182667, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: When compared to prior, lower lung volumes are seen with secondary crowding of\n the bronchovascular markings. The lungs remain clear without consolidation,\n effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11182667/s52520190/ea8ed100-33885dc0-1e945aeb-02f140bf-a4cdaf57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2c8cfa2-b83d1d80-2987ed60-55e7cbcf-3aaf72e0", "study_id": 57078140, "subject_id": 12764579, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in constant position. \n Extensive parenchymal and pleural opacities on the right are also unchanged. \n Unchanged appearance of the left lung, with potentially minimal improvement in\n extent of ventilation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12764579/s57078140/e2c8cfa2-b83d1d80-2987ed60-55e7cbcf-3aaf72e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "40d5327c-1e64c1f6-8cb07ed4-79102b69-ba0f6e86", "study_id": 58589683, "subject_id": 15432760, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe opacities are likely atelectasis, differential diagnosis\n includes pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable. The aorta is tortuous. Opacities in the left\n lower lobe are likely atelectases less likely pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting. Scarring and tiny calcified nodules in the apices\n bilaterally right greater than left are unchanged. There is no pneumothorax\n or pleural effusion. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic\n spine", "image_path": [ "p15/p15432760/s58589683/40d5327c-1e64c1f6-8cb07ed4-79102b69-ba0f6e86.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03a153b1-fdb4dac5-efcbde61-414e936b-3e51ac8d", "study_id": 59749433, "subject_id": 11825167, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate fully expanded and clear\n lungs. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pleural surfaces are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11825167/s59749433/03a153b1-fdb4dac5-efcbde61-414e936b-3e51ac8d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06ad0c04-c24ef37f-f5bb693a-098c8964-5fd61220", "study_id": 51630412, "subject_id": 10872575, "report": "impression: Right lung opacification is due to loculated pleural effusion\n alongside right costovertebral place with bibasilar pleural effusion and\n atelectasis. Stable moderate cardiomegaly with interval increase of vascular\n congestion. Findings: AP portable single view chest x-ray in supine position shows stable\n diffuse opacification of the right lung due to recent pleurodesis with two\n right pleural drains ending in the upper third and at the right lung base,but\n without evidence of pneumothorax. Right paramediastinal opacity has been\n better characterized in chest CT of ___ at 11:44 p.m. as an area\n of loculated pleural effusion and pleural thickening. Small left lung base\n pleural effusion and atelectasis is stable. Heart size is moderately\n enlarged, with interval increase of vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10872575/s51630412/06ad0c04-c24ef37f-f5bb693a-098c8964-5fd61220.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6356e109-82b0445b-f3500a54-40d59f80-a7bb8691", "study_id": 53126324, "subject_id": 14511469, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Slightly more density in the\n anterior mediastinum, seen on lateral view. If there is further concern for\n mediastinal abnormality, oblique views can be done for further assessment. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Sternotomy wires are stable. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is\n slightly more density in the anterior mediastinum, seen on lateral view. \n Otherwise, the cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14511469/s53126324/6356e109-82b0445b-f3500a54-40d59f80-a7bb8691.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "feb95208-8148c253-dcec07d5-2dad5a20-6885c92c", "study_id": 54232187, "subject_id": 18001129, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. Again noted is a small calcified nodule projecting over the\n right mid lung consistent with a granuloma. Otherwise the lungs appear clear.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18001129/s54232187/feb95208-8148c253-dcec07d5-2dad5a20-6885c92c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3643da07-07b34230-6c15115a-a33d37f9-f34d6d72", "study_id": 56646502, "subject_id": 17212434, "report": "impression: Known right pulmonary and pleural based metastatic lesions are better depicted\n on the recent CT exam. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality otherwise\n identified. Unchanged osseous metastasis involving the right ___ lateral rib. Findings: The heart size is normal. The aorta remains tortuous with mild aortic knob\n calcifications demonstrated. Mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise\n unchanged. Left-sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the lower SVC, unchanged.\n The pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. Known scattered right lung nodules\n compatible with metastases are better seen on the prior chest CT, with the\n largest nodule noted laterally in the right lower lobe measuring 5 mm. Other\n pleural based metastatic lesions of the right hemithorax are better assessed\n on the recent CT. No focal consolidation, left-sided pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. Trace right pleural effusion appears to be\n present. Destruction of the right 7th rib laterally is re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17212434/s56646502/3643da07-07b34230-6c15115a-a33d37f9-f34d6d72.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a26696b-2c49c70a-dd27f066-6d706c8d-6a98fe04", "study_id": 53329751, "subject_id": 18874543, "report": "ET tube ends 5.4 cm above the carina. The left subclavian central\n catheter ends in the upper SVC. NG tube ends in the stomach. Otherwise, no\n significant change from prior radiograph with low lung volumes, accentuating\n heart size. Persistent left lower lobe consolidation and mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18874543/s53329751/6a26696b-2c49c70a-dd27f066-6d706c8d-6a98fe04.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6fa2a064-dc1af347-923bc184-3b0b0c2e-f9dfb7b5", "study_id": 59921216, "subject_id": 11659626, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is postradiation fibrosis seen at the\n right apex. There is a right breast prosthesis. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The patient is status post bilateral shoulder\n arthroplasty.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11659626/s59921216/6fa2a064-dc1af347-923bc184-3b0b0c2e-f9dfb7b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d985cfc-07a84fe8-7ef579e9-04a1b5b8-035ab856", "study_id": 52602808, "subject_id": 11872499, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly. Findings: The patient is rotated somewhat to the right. Minor left basilar atelectasis\n is seen. There is no focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is mild to moderately enlarged. \n The aorta is calcified and tortuous. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11872499/s52602808/0d985cfc-07a84fe8-7ef579e9-04a1b5b8-035ab856.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91730ce8-6b3e0fb0-38217e0f-dd753be6-1c278588", "study_id": 58742509, "subject_id": 19790357, "report": "impression: Chronic changes of the lungs including hyperinflation and biapical scarring. \n No superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Relative lucency projecting over the apices,\n right worse than left with adjacent fibrotic changes and scarring is unchanged\n from ___. There is no new consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Dense atherosclerotic calcifications noted in the\n thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19790357/s58742509/91730ce8-6b3e0fb0-38217e0f-dd753be6-1c278588.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d39e484-1878ca86-af3b98b3-370f6526-b8616317", "study_id": 59286604, "subject_id": 12604676, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal size.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12604676/s59286604/5d39e484-1878ca86-af3b98b3-370f6526-b8616317.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2289cbf4-583f5f10-32201dc8-5b9b520c-a795ba45", "study_id": 59087054, "subject_id": 17639084, "report": "impression: Central venous catheter terminating in the uppermost atrium. No evidence of\n pneumothorax or other acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A new right internal jugular central venous catheter terminates in the\n uppermost atrium. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear\n unchanged including a left ventricular configuration of the heart and\n calcification along the aortic arch. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. The patient is status post right total\n shoulder replacement surgery. There is incompletely characterized spinal\n curvature.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17639084/s59087054/2289cbf4-583f5f10-32201dc8-5b9b520c-a795ba45.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71d65335-dcee6ee6-e93df0c2-b58a6987-6ec4ebc4", "study_id": 55233089, "subject_id": 11471605, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary disease including pneumonia. Findings: No consolidation, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema is seen, and the cardiac\n and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11471605/s55233089/71d65335-dcee6ee6-e93df0c2-b58a6987-6ec4ebc4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76d8b770-fbaab0e5-f2e71e0f-ae23c0ab-89f03798", "study_id": 50306949, "subject_id": 11229078, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within\n normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11229078/s50306949/76d8b770-fbaab0e5-f2e71e0f-ae23c0ab-89f03798.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b49beb37-18d68897-8135bee5-e9025f4a-cb84d291", "study_id": 59984015, "subject_id": 18414625, "report": "impression: Satisfactory postoperative findings with mild volume loss of\n left-sided hemithorax and pleural basal scar formations but no evidence of\n remaining fluid. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar study of ___. There is status post left-sided upper lobectomy with commensurate\n mild degree of volume reduction of the left hemithorax. There remains some\n blunting of the left lateral pleural sinus, but there is no evidence of\n residual pleural effusion accumulating in the posterior sinus as identified on\n the lateral view. The on previous examination identified left-sided chest\n wall emphysema has disappeared completely. Right hemithorax remains\n unremarkable as before.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18414625/s59984015/b49beb37-18d68897-8135bee5-e9025f4a-cb84d291.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ad35566-af89d4e8-ca8817f2-d218c3a8-3069ad5a", "study_id": 58587177, "subject_id": 12544417, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac\n silhouette has further slightly increased. Bilateral pleural effusions of\n moderate extent are now better visible, notably given the availability of a\n lateral image. There are currently no signs suggestive of pulmonary edema,\n but the double contour at the level of the aortic arch persists in unchanged\n manner. No pneumonia, but atelectatic changes at both lung bases. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12544417/s58587177/6ad35566-af89d4e8-ca8817f2-d218c3a8-3069ad5a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5db81bd7-cf419f15-95aaa23d-13892849-e92e3f8c", "study_id": 50696218, "subject_id": 14614765, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14614765/s50696218/5db81bd7-cf419f15-95aaa23d-13892849-e92e3f8c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "815115c2-9b19b3ff-f8a4c219-822b4c13-23c47b84", "study_id": 58209313, "subject_id": 15649581, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormalities identified. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations concerning for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized\n osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15649581/s58209313/815115c2-9b19b3ff-f8a4c219-822b4c13-23c47b84.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "047c64d2-7f585a15-75b353d2-d4941755-465d6495", "study_id": 59717788, "subject_id": 15084126, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, or other acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is upper limit of normal, unchanged. The mediastinal\n contour is normal. The bilateral hila are normal.\n \n There are no focal lung consolidations. There is no evidence of pulmonary\n vascular congestion.\n \n There are no pneumothoraces or effusions.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15084126/s59717788/047c64d2-7f585a15-75b353d2-d4941755-465d6495.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0716e7b4-85178ee0-e1be4b07-84bc7cc0-7e2ca257", "study_id": 57435365, "subject_id": 16098894, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No focal\n areas of consolidation are present within the lungs, and there are no pleural\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16098894/s57435365/0716e7b4-85178ee0-e1be4b07-84bc7cc0-7e2ca257.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02a1aacf-926c1274-5ecd4eca-eb7cee71-546b203e", "study_id": 51569200, "subject_id": 17610678, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the monitoring and support\n devices, including the aortic balloon pump, are unchanged. The lungs continue\n to be overinflated but there is a minimal new left pleural effusion with\n subsequent atelectasis at the left lung bases. On the right, the costophrenic\n sinus is also blunted, which might be explained by a minimal right pleural\n effusion. Mild atelectasis at both lung bases. No overt pulmonary edema. No\n pneumothorax. Unchanged appearance of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17610678/s51569200/02a1aacf-926c1274-5ecd4eca-eb7cee71-546b203e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94194605-925c3c60-6896aace-ddcadec6-7ded9abb", "study_id": 56995783, "subject_id": 16320691, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Left PICC is no longer visualized. \n The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable as are the osseous structures.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16320691/s56995783/94194605-925c3c60-6896aace-ddcadec6-7ded9abb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f45afc5-e9903080-9f89a322-7ad442f0-2ca4b70f", "study_id": 58736460, "subject_id": 16159810, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart is enlarged but stable from the prior exam. The hilar contours are\n within normal limits. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There are hilar calcifications as before.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16159810/s58736460/1f45afc5-e9903080-9f89a322-7ad442f0-2ca4b70f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58c1cd16-d533bdc1-2f20aee6-75e807a8-ba5bc98d", "study_id": 58271379, "subject_id": 18761820, "report": "impression: Improved vascular congestion and bibasilar atelectasis Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta are unchanged. Dobhoff tip is in the\n stomach. Bibasilar atelectasis have improved on the left. Vascular\n congestion has improved. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusions", "image_path": [ "p18/p18761820/s58271379/58c1cd16-d533bdc1-2f20aee6-75e807a8-ba5bc98d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33647b28-cdea36cf-607f34bb-dd8f9f37-71ae72a9", "study_id": 56218296, "subject_id": 15282328, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear\n clear. There has been no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15282328/s56218296/33647b28-cdea36cf-607f34bb-dd8f9f37-71ae72a9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa24f398-3b7b788d-05ea2bf2-93a1d984-d02fae0f", "study_id": 59582162, "subject_id": 14550969, "report": "impression: Streaky opacity in the lingula concerning for pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The lungs appear\n hyperinflated with upper lobe lucency compatible with known emphysema. \n Streaky opacity in the region of the lingula could represent an early\n pneumonia. Otherwise the lungs are clear. No large effusion or pneumothorax.\n The heart size remains within normal limits. The mediastinal contour is\n normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14550969/s59582162/fa24f398-3b7b788d-05ea2bf2-93a1d984-d02fae0f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e1b1802-de8cc052-02251e7f-df26c9bb-3c427c42", "study_id": 57359637, "subject_id": 11467133, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11467133/s57359637/5e1b1802-de8cc052-02251e7f-df26c9bb-3c427c42.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4881158a-91b420aa-ec8cecc0-c65d7200-8241180e", "study_id": 58806456, "subject_id": 13951644, "report": "In comparison with the study of earlier in this date, the opaque\n portion of the Dobbhoff tube now straddles through level of the\n gastroesophageal junction. If possible, the tube should be pushed forward\n about 5 cm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13951644/s58806456/4881158a-91b420aa-ec8cecc0-c65d7200-8241180e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "34115b03-7c75172e-c1e96fa2-f0938ceb-d0617ca4", "study_id": 52631937, "subject_id": 12648256, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Please note that chest radiograph is not optimal for evaluation after\n chest trauma. However, no evidence of rib fractures. Dedicated rib views\n with a marker may be obtained, if there is a specific site of concern. Findings: The heart size, mediastinal, and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax.No\n evidence of rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12648256/s52631937/34115b03-7c75172e-c1e96fa2-f0938ceb-d0617ca4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b6da7bf5-4e6f3081-f46d1bba-96dc8741-e1ae52f3", "study_id": 51304056, "subject_id": 12119555, "report": "Right port extends to the mid-to-lower portion of the SVC. \n Post-surgical changes are again seen in the lower thoracic spine with fusion\n device and cage.\n \n No evidence of acute focal pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12119555/s51304056/b6da7bf5-4e6f3081-f46d1bba-96dc8741-e1ae52f3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f3a735e-6d30f708-cc4d0f57-fd00965c-ff1ebd54", "study_id": 51626942, "subject_id": 13026285, "report": "impression: Removal of bilateral chest tubes without pneumothorax or other acute\n complications.\n Unchanged, moderate pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, and bibasilar opacities. Findings: In comparison to the chest radiograph obtained approximately 7 hours prior,\n there has been interval removal of left and right-sided chest tubes. No\n pneumothorax. Moderate pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, and bibasilar opacities\n are essentially unchanged. Subcutaneous emphysema in the left chest wall is\n similar an appearance.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13026285/s51626942/9f3a735e-6d30f708-cc4d0f57-fd00965c-ff1ebd54.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "740d60a0-8b529389-e83dcb0a-a709c128-a70cd20f", "study_id": 50895614, "subject_id": 12053987, "report": "impression: The patient's known right-sided rib fractures are not apparent on\n these images. No associated pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate no evidence of focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. The hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary edema. There are\n no upper rib fractures. The patient's known right-sided rib fractures are not\n apparent on this study. No large pleural effusion is seen. Partially imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12053987/s50895614/740d60a0-8b529389-e83dcb0a-a709c128-a70cd20f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "107bb232-d88b03ef-d3d8c0f6-9b90950e-80960399", "study_id": 59385570, "subject_id": 13194187, "report": "The cardiac silhouette is moderately\n enlarged, particularly the left ventricle, unchanged. There is mild pulmonary\n venous congestion without overt pulmonary edema. Increased opacity at the\n lung bases may reflect pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. There\n is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13194187/s59385570/107bb232-d88b03ef-d3d8c0f6-9b90950e-80960399.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c437eee-0744a996-fe956a4d-7dd380bc-7b9af83b", "study_id": 58368201, "subject_id": 18700508, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Port-A-Cath resides over the\n right chest wall with catheter tip extending to the low SVC. Mild cardiomegaly\n is again noted with mild interstitial pulmonary edema. No effusions or\n pneumothorax. No convincing signs of pneumonia. The mediastinal contour is\n stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18700508/s58368201/9c437eee-0744a996-fe956a4d-7dd380bc-7b9af83b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ef6a0f1-f8fa9b41-b6acfcda-c32ba0f1-def35ded", "study_id": 56677719, "subject_id": 19020074, "report": "impression: Area of consolidation at the right lung base, raising concern for\n pneumonia Findings: PA and lateral chest were provided. There is an area of\n consolidation at the right lung base, raises concern for pneumonia. There is\n no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable\n from prior study with the heart size being top normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19020074/s56677719/4ef6a0f1-f8fa9b41-b6acfcda-c32ba0f1-def35ded.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97001751-1684172e-19c8a16f-1806d07f-c6c554d9", "study_id": 59746864, "subject_id": 16083444, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities are detected.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16083444/s59746864/97001751-1684172e-19c8a16f-1806d07f-c6c554d9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82606295-631ce9ea-5f5e11b9-6e57fbb9-a1d818b7", "study_id": 51453480, "subject_id": 17878731, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Right Port-A-Cath extends to at\n least the mid SVC.\n \n Lungs are grossly clear.\n \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.\n \n Hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17878731/s51453480/82606295-631ce9ea-5f5e11b9-6e57fbb9-a1d818b7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "261da89f-5dd5d6ca-64a17486-ea7143a4-02d5a30a", "study_id": 58383930, "subject_id": 12353267, "report": "impression: 1. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema with small\n bilateral pleural effusions, new from ___, is most compatible with\n an acute CHF exacerbation. \n \n 2. Bibasilar opacification most likely represents atelectasis in the setting\n of low lung volumes; superimposed infection at the left lung base is doubted,\n but hard to exclude. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy with intact appearing wires. \n Multiple mediastinal surgical clips are compatible with prior CABG surgery. \n The cardiac silhouette is enlarged but stable. The mediastinal contours are\n prominent related in part to unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Dense\n calcification of the aortic knob is re- demonstrated. The lung volumes are\n decreased from the most recent prior study. Small bilateral pleural effusions\n are present. Bibasilar opacification may represent atelectasis in the setting\n of low lung volumes but superimposed infection is not excluded in the\n appropriate clinical context. There is interval development of mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion and interstitial pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12353267/s58383930/261da89f-5dd5d6ca-64a17486-ea7143a4-02d5a30a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc976728-9c2e871b-8696e545-45ef1b3f-4a6ecb00", "study_id": 54946930, "subject_id": 16943261, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Left PICC and nasogastric tubes have been removed. \n Left lower lobe aeration has improved, with minimal residual atelectasis. \n Left nipple shadow incidentally noted. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. There is no free air under the diaphragm. Multilevel small anterior\n osteophytes are noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16943261/s54946930/fc976728-9c2e871b-8696e545-45ef1b3f-4a6ecb00.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2668619a-9908bb49-65ba6c9f-69bcd7e2-9635e7b0", "study_id": 53928153, "subject_id": 14036905, "report": "impression: No focal infiltrate Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p14/p14036905/s53928153/2668619a-9908bb49-65ba6c9f-69bcd7e2-9635e7b0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a90c1e54-0058bf40-749d365a-84ae919c-cbaad758", "study_id": 50171656, "subject_id": 18747069, "report": "impression: Opacity at base of the right lung likely related to pulmonary edema and\n plueral effusion however supervening pneumonia cannot be excluded. \n \n These findings were communicated to Dr. ___ by telephone at 17:01 on ___ by Dr. ___. Findings: A small left pleural effusion is seen, improved from prior study. There is an\n area of consolidation at the base of the right lung, worsened since the prior,\n which is likely related to pulmonary edema and effusion however supervening\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours grossly unchanged. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18747069/s50171656/a90c1e54-0058bf40-749d365a-84ae919c-cbaad758.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9ccc7bbf-56f6989b-f973ae77-46627ea6-c3d47bb1", "study_id": 58550889, "subject_id": 15971063, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the left chest\n tube has been removed. There is probably a tiny left apical pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, little overall change except for some decreased visualization of\n the medial portion of the left hemidiaphragm, raising the possibility of some\n increasing volume loss in the left lower lobe.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15971063/s58550889/9ccc7bbf-56f6989b-f973ae77-46627ea6-c3d47bb1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "644dc7ff-13160cf1-333c0673-e3ea8bad-5f3917c4", "study_id": 56101679, "subject_id": 18968637, "report": "impression: Ongoing improvement in postoperative appearance. Significant interval\n improvement in inspiratory volumes. Findings: Compared to the prior film, inspiratory volumes are considerably improved.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Right pleura effusion and\n right base opacities are improved, with minimal residual right base\n atelectasis and a small right effusion still present. Collapse and/or\n consolidation at the left base is also improved, though not completely\n resolved, with minimal residual blunting of left costophrenic angle.\n \n There is mild upper zone redistribution, but no evidence of CHF.\n \n Right IJ line again seen, unchanged in position. No pneumothorax detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18968637/s56101679/644dc7ff-13160cf1-333c0673-e3ea8bad-5f3917c4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "205882bb-048edcda-5f42c384-815d61df-c5dc633d", "study_id": 57849509, "subject_id": 15151778, "report": "impression: Linear density projecting over the right lower lobe is unchanged likely\n scarring or atelectasis. Please refer to subsequent CT chest for further\n details. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. A linear density in the right lower lobe is again seen, likely\n representing a focus of scarring or atelectasis. Severe compression deformity\n of the mid thoracic vertebral body is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15151778/s57849509/205882bb-048edcda-5f42c384-815d61df-c5dc633d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e1a9911-eb1aefd2-a2289618-6cc3aacd-ebb6bd4b", "study_id": 51911769, "subject_id": 12342431, "report": "impression: Normal radiograph of the chest. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate clear lungs and\n normal hilar and cardiomediastinal contours. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12342431/s51911769/8e1a9911-eb1aefd2-a2289618-6cc3aacd-ebb6bd4b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53f87dc7-ec24da5f-e9e6c59e-b92773de-3d08e629", "study_id": 59755283, "subject_id": 11775460, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no vascular congestion or pleural\n effusions. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11775460/s59755283/53f87dc7-ec24da5f-e9e6c59e-b92773de-3d08e629.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c676640-7860c9e3-96ee2f69-d3cddf1c-2482bded", "study_id": 50097457, "subject_id": 13060513, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Lungs are well expanded and clear. \n There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13060513/s50097457/8c676640-7860c9e3-96ee2f69-d3cddf1c-2482bded.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ccddf60b-4ee4eab2-84a4f1c9-a146c75b-65ad67b3", "study_id": 56427432, "subject_id": 15903977, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema. Possible small pleural effusions. Large\n hiatal hernia. Findings: Patient's chin obscures the lung apices. There is perihilar opacity with\n indistinct pulmonary vascular markings. Blunting of the costophrenic angles\n could represent small effusions. Lucency projecting over the cardiac\n silhouette is compatible with large hiatal hernia. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15903977/s56427432/ccddf60b-4ee4eab2-84a4f1c9-a146c75b-65ad67b3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "706940e0-f905d5c8-6c613948-d6cc694d-884ccdf6", "study_id": 54036463, "subject_id": 10795257, "report": "impression: No radiopaque foreign body. If concern for foreign body in upper esophagus,\n lateral neck radiographs should be obtained. If sensation persists can be\n further evaluated with a barium swallow study.\n \n Recommendations were emailed to the ED QA nurses as the patient had already\n been discharged. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. No radiopaque foreign body.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10795257/s54036463/706940e0-f905d5c8-6c613948-d6cc694d-884ccdf6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6140471-cb0e33b3-405353b4-0e222e8c-5a8c8b7a", "study_id": 54301415, "subject_id": 14189034, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes, but no definite focal consolidation. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14189034/s54301415/a6140471-cb0e33b3-405353b4-0e222e8c-5a8c8b7a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa952a82-65b007b9-87ad6497-9595a3fe-5e525b59", "study_id": 55877457, "subject_id": 16348303, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16348303/s55877457/fa952a82-65b007b9-87ad6497-9595a3fe-5e525b59.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e47dcec-c76eaa0f-77c95c62-f6cfd0a6-32845208", "study_id": 58034587, "subject_id": 12888412, "report": "Moderate-to-large left pleural effusion is slightly worse compared\n to the prior study and accompanied by adjacent atelectasis and/or\n consolidation in the left mid and lower lung regions. Persistent cardiomegaly\n accompanied by pulmonary vascular congestion. Improved pulmonary edema with\n only minimal residual edema remaining.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12888412/s58034587/5e47dcec-c76eaa0f-77c95c62-f6cfd0a6-32845208.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8577c67f-0fd66ccb-ce90fe7d-6517f9a1-6ded9f3c", "study_id": 56064549, "subject_id": 11790974, "report": "impression: 1. No appreciable pneumothorax or displaced rib fracture.\n 2. Pulmonary edema is similar to mildly increased. However superimposed\n infection cannot be entirely excluded. Findings: A portable frontal semi upright chest radiograph demonstrates an endotracheal\n tube terminating in the upper thoracic trachea, enteric tube extending below\n the left hemidiaphragm, and a left chest wall pacer device with the lead\n overlying the right ventricle. The heart remains enlarged. Bilateral\n pulmonary opacities are compatible with pulmonary edema, similar to mildly\n increased. However superimposed infection cannot be entirely excluded. There\n is no appreciable pneumothorax or displaced rib fracture. The visualized\n upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11790974/s56064549/8577c67f-0fd66ccb-ce90fe7d-6517f9a1-6ded9f3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "805f36fa-ad339dd2-8471543f-fdd08893-3989c9ed", "study_id": 58977092, "subject_id": 14842397, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a further dramatic\n increase in severity of the pulmonary edema. In addition, small left pleural\n effusion and areas of atelectatic changes at the right lung base have newly\n appeared. There is no evidence of pneumonia.\n \n The observations were made at 3:02 p.m., and the referring physician, ___.\n ___, was paged for notification at that time, on ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14842397/s58977092/805f36fa-ad339dd2-8471543f-fdd08893-3989c9ed.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9192692d-e8a33881-d043c9ff-ae05fb88-d14eac93", "study_id": 59668929, "subject_id": 16901210, "report": "impression: New moderate subpulmonic right pleural effusion with associated right basilar\n atelectasis. Findings: There is new elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with a moderate sub pulmonic\n pleural effusion demonstrated. Right basilar opacity likely reflects\n compressive atelectasis. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion, and the left lung is\n clear. No pneumothorax is present. There is no acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16901210/s59668929/9192692d-e8a33881-d043c9ff-ae05fb88-d14eac93.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c622265-78160275-f5c926c3-3b62d897-375f842b", "study_id": 56807281, "subject_id": 17675016, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate low lung volumes\n which enhance the transverse diameter of the heart. There has been interval\n decrease in the amount of right-sided pleural effusion, however a small\n right-sided pleural effusion remains. There is persistent fluid in the right\n major fissure. There is a probable small left-sided pleural effusion with\n some adjacent atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17675016/s56807281/4c622265-78160275-f5c926c3-3b62d897-375f842b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42b260ed-0df7371d-0a39a298-d0a4b46e-03bb7531", "study_id": 54736757, "subject_id": 19938499, "report": "Focal ground-glass opacities seen on the current CT are below the resolution\n of this radiograph and not demonstrated. The mediastinal silhouette and hila\n are normal. Mild cardiomegaly. There is no pleural effusion and no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19938499/s54736757/42b260ed-0df7371d-0a39a298-d0a4b46e-03bb7531.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4220cac8-009a0278-1023d1fe-627452c4-2ca9d2d3", "study_id": 53691151, "subject_id": 10972527, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Patchy opacities in the lung bases likely\n reflect areas of atelectasis, but aspiration or infection cannot be excluded\n in the correct clinical setting. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Heart size remains mildly enlarged. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.\n Small left pleural effusion is demonstrated along with patchy opacities the\n lung bases. No pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10972527/s53691151/4220cac8-009a0278-1023d1fe-627452c4-2ca9d2d3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb0da777-90b2fc16-94d2a2d6-cfef23b4-c24fcd1e", "study_id": 56315963, "subject_id": 15795899, "report": "impression: 1. Focal consolidation in the left lower lobe.\n \n 2. Stable wedge-shaped compression fracture in the mid T-spine, with\n associated diffuse osteopenia.\n \n Findings were conveyed by Dr. ___ to Dr. ___ ___ telephone at 2:56pm on\n ___, at the time of discovery. Findings: There is an ill-defined opacity visualized within the left lower lobe,\n concerning for consolidation in the setting of cough. No pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is seen. There is stable mild cardiomegaly. \n The mediastinal contours are normal. A stable wedge-shaped compression\n fracture is noted within the mid thoracic spine, along with associated diffuse\n osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15795899/s56315963/cb0da777-90b2fc16-94d2a2d6-cfef23b4-c24fcd1e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59854867-f4859867-d2cfe4ad-9b0e9d04-7b58dce3", "study_id": 53193681, "subject_id": 15064183, "report": "impression: No acute cardiothoracic process. Findings: The lungs are clear, the cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion and no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15064183/s53193681/59854867-f4859867-d2cfe4ad-9b0e9d04-7b58dce3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "765c9e0d-51850a4b-280252f7-02109d7c-f4f0c9d7", "study_id": 55236804, "subject_id": 13380715, "report": "impression: Vagal nerve stimulator implanted in the left anterior chest wall\n without breaks or disconnections of the leads. Findings: A vagal nerve stimulator is implanted in the left anterior chest\n wall with leads leading to the left thoracic inlet. There is no evidence of\n lead disconnection or breakage. Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The bony structures are grossly\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13380715/s55236804/765c9e0d-51850a4b-280252f7-02109d7c-f4f0c9d7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e1fe80f4-4ab47cdf-eb9ccd31-9625b811-c831242e", "study_id": 59137430, "subject_id": 10613328, "report": "impression: Significant clearing of recent severe lung abnormality of uncertain origin.\n Findings were relayed to Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ ___ review on ___ at 12:15 via telephone. Findings: Previous extensive airspace opacification has nearly resolved. The cardiac,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lung volumes continue to be low.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10613328/s59137430/e1fe80f4-4ab47cdf-eb9ccd31-9625b811-c831242e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "261badf9-07b96a98-9fd1970e-6a31d437-4c776fe9", "study_id": 50259229, "subject_id": 17831676, "report": "impression: Mild right base atelectasis. No pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is noted. \n The lungs are well expanded with mild atelectasis at the right base. There is\n no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17831676/s50259229/261badf9-07b96a98-9fd1970e-6a31d437-4c776fe9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a729bd5-1cfa8421-bd80363e-f54c8e6b-a630d959", "study_id": 58939071, "subject_id": 18751587, "report": "impression: Resolution of right pneumothorax. Minimal residual linear scar\n adjacent to the operative site. Findings: The patient is status post right upper lobe wedge resection. Right\n pneumothorax has resolved since the prior radiograph. There is mild expected\n postoperative volume loss present as well as minimal linear scar or\n atelectasis adjacent to the surgical chain sutures. The remainder of the\n lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits, and\n there is no evidence of pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18751587/s58939071/9a729bd5-1cfa8421-bd80363e-f54c8e6b-a630d959.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e09e5dc-550c1c75-8dca06ff-28c2b706-30b5ec5d", "study_id": 54718000, "subject_id": 14873669, "report": "There are no old films available for comparison. Lung volumes are\n low. The NG tube is coiled in the stomach and then extends downward. Stomach\n is likely very distended and oblong. Some residual radiopaque material is\n seen projecting over the gastric fundus. Lung volumes are low. There is a\n probable left-sided pleural effusion. There is some minimal pulmonary\n vascular redistribution. The heart is upper limits of normal in size. ET\n tube is 3.5 cm above the carina.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14873669/s54718000/0e09e5dc-550c1c75-8dca06ff-28c2b706-30b5ec5d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41b79acb-3d3c4c09-fd9c355e-8d6ae957-e1e85e9b", "study_id": 53898379, "subject_id": 11858629, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Mild rightward deviation of trachea can be seen with thyroid goiter. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n There is mild rightward deviation of the trachea which can be seen with\n thyroid goiter.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11858629/s53898379/41b79acb-3d3c4c09-fd9c355e-8d6ae957-e1e85e9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a471943a-c117e0c3-cb24ad6c-cbe58ea7-bc02bdf0", "study_id": 53372927, "subject_id": 18940596, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Patient is rotated to the left,\n somewhat limiting exam. Previously seen right PICC is no longer visualized. \n Blunting of the lateral costophrenic angles is noted which could be due to a\n fat pad on the left given rotation and atelectasis versus pleural thickening\n on the right. The known bibasilar pulmonary nodules are better assessed on\n prior CT scan. Superiorly, the lungs are grossly clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette has not definitely changed given differences in\n positioning. Posterior thoracic fixation hardware is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18940596/s53372927/a471943a-c117e0c3-cb24ad6c-cbe58ea7-bc02bdf0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1715968f-3efa7365-4ab0d2ac-ee70c9fa-ea5037a6", "study_id": 58538633, "subject_id": 11981753, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.\n There is no pulmonary edema. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11981753/s58538633/1715968f-3efa7365-4ab0d2ac-ee70c9fa-ea5037a6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b6bd38d-c79336b7-fd1b4e6e-ce3596fd-6df90cd9", "study_id": 55135567, "subject_id": 12719678, "report": "impression: 1. Satisfactory position of the new right internal jugular central venous\n catheter. No evidence of pneumothorax.\n 2. Unchanged position of the enteric tube with the tip in the distal\n esophagus.\n 3. Improving right basilar consolidation, which is likely atelectasis. Findings: The endotracheal tube is in satisfactory position, 4 cm from the\n carina. An enteric tube in unchanged position with the tip in the distal\n esophagus. A new right internal jugular central venous catheter is present\n with the tip in the mid SVC. \n \n The opacity in the right medial base is improved. There is no new opacity,\n pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12719678/s55135567/3b6bd38d-c79336b7-fd1b4e6e-ce3596fd-6df90cd9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2891204f-65f3eaf4-4e8f1589-aead216a-2e0c8ae7", "study_id": 53280392, "subject_id": 12365838, "report": "The lung volumes are normal. Bilateral pleural effusions are\n present, right more than left. The patient is slightly rotated to the right. \n However, the right lower lung shows an area of atelectasis. In addition, the\n vascular structures and paramediastinal lung parenchyma is denser than normal.\n The extent of the pleural effusions is likely constant as compared to a CT\n examination performed on ___.\n \n The opacities at the lung bases, however, could result from an infectious\n process. Short-term radiographic followup should be performed. The alignment\n of the sternal wires is constant. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. At\n the time of dictation and observation, 8:22 a.m., on ___, the\n referring physician ___. ___ was paged for notification.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12365838/s53280392/2891204f-65f3eaf4-4e8f1589-aead216a-2e0c8ae7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9cf67f45-e9e8270e-db8fb86d-4e4efb94-12c8e108", "study_id": 50436156, "subject_id": 10242290, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable, as are the hilar contours. \n Minimal left apical pleural thickening is stable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10242290/s50436156/9cf67f45-e9e8270e-db8fb86d-4e4efb94-12c8e108.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4edb9790-8e5b38b9-53e31995-3a1d4b34-0d4d8daa", "study_id": 57556300, "subject_id": 11217246, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11217246/s57556300/4edb9790-8e5b38b9-53e31995-3a1d4b34-0d4d8daa.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7d70fd62-9d46227a-b08b79ee-9efe39bc-c6fd1d2a", "study_id": 52321060, "subject_id": 14331959, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear of consolidation or effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is at upper limits of normal. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable without visualized displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14331959/s52321060/7d70fd62-9d46227a-b08b79ee-9efe39bc-c6fd1d2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d52b184-5904b64d-fa872487-57da7c52-4ded3e1d", "study_id": 53725174, "subject_id": 12544547, "report": "impression: Bilateral asymmetric pleural thickening with calcifications, suggestive of\n previous asbestos exposure. In this context, worsening basilar reticular\n opacities may reflect chronic interstitial lung disease with possible\n component of superimposed acute edema. Follow-up chest radiograph could be\n performed after diuresis to further clarify this issue. High-resolution CT\n would also be helpful on a nonemergent basis to better characterize the\n patient's lung findings. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. Bilateral asymmetric pleural thickening with\n calcifications is seen, suggestive of prior asbestosis exposure. Interval\n worsening of basilar predominant reticular opacities. No focal consolidation\n is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is moderately enlarged. Sternotomy wires are noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12544547/s53725174/0d52b184-5904b64d-fa872487-57da7c52-4ded3e1d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5eef28e-52fa3fbb-2e4141a6-544c284f-7594ae70", "study_id": 54701564, "subject_id": 13864291, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Streaky retrocardiac opacity is likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise\n clear. Azygos fissure is again noted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13864291/s54701564/f5eef28e-52fa3fbb-2e4141a6-544c284f-7594ae70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a6966bb-c9da552a-8ffda2e6-3672a49e-5e0fc095", "study_id": 51856622, "subject_id": 17207507, "report": "impression: 1. ETT, right IJ, and NG tube in appropriate positioning.\n 2. Worsening moderate-size left pleural effusion in comparison to prior chest\n radiograph.\n 3. Bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The ETT terminates 5 cm above the carina. There is a right IJ, which\n terminates in the mid SVC. The NG tube courses below the diaphragm and is\n seen curling in the left upper quadrant.\n \n There is a worsening moderate-sized left pleural effusion with bibasilar\n atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is stable. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. No pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17207507/s51856622/8a6966bb-c9da552a-8ffda2e6-3672a49e-5e0fc095.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89fd7005-d3eeac77-462df5fd-a9ec56ff-0aa83f17", "study_id": 57225591, "subject_id": 11648387, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Lungs are hyperinflated without focal consolidation. \n Bronchiectasis within the lung bases and previously seen scattered\n inflammatory pulmonary nodules are better appreciated on the prior CT. Patchy\n atelectasis or scarring is noted in both lung bases without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Mild\n degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11648387/s57225591/89fd7005-d3eeac77-462df5fd-a9ec56ff-0aa83f17.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c30a3244-92925454-3760076f-1ca35823-869171bc", "study_id": 57323163, "subject_id": 15034859, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Stable tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Normal heart size. Apparent right\n mediastinal widening is likely positional. Normal hilar contours. New, mild\n the elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15034859/s57323163/c30a3244-92925454-3760076f-1ca35823-869171bc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "657dc330-925cb4c1-8dda9bf0-3c339ef7-fbe9d71a", "study_id": 52351330, "subject_id": 11475050, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged. Heart size is top normal. Aortic arch\n calcifications are noted. Sternotomy wires are intact. Mitral annular\n calcifications are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11475050/s52351330/657dc330-925cb4c1-8dda9bf0-3c339ef7-fbe9d71a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9585e522-f7a3f8ef-54f6649d-195749bf-3841995c", "study_id": 59283838, "subject_id": 10430459, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is again seen a large density replacing much of the left lung field\n inferiorly. This is stable and consistent with known lung mass. The right\n lung is grossly clear. A small amount of aerated lung within the left upper\n lung field is clear. There are no pneumothoraces. Overall, there has been no\n interval change.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10430459/s59283838/9585e522-f7a3f8ef-54f6649d-195749bf-3841995c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d6d5f3f-b6d9434c-477d2eae-0b95e3a0-5f7ac8d2", "study_id": 59746525, "subject_id": 11269805, "report": "impression: Well-positioned right upper extremity PICC. Findings: A right upper extremity PICC courses in the low SVC, unchanged from ___.\n \n The lung volumes are normal and the lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidation. Heart is normal size.\n The mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11269805/s59746525/1d6d5f3f-b6d9434c-477d2eae-0b95e3a0-5f7ac8d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ccb1e3e6-1f9d4e1e-88f82f66-b69df8de-986b6144", "study_id": 51778875, "subject_id": 13858072, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Given this,\n left retrocardiac patchy opacity is seen which may be due to atelectasis,\n although underlying consolidation due to infection or aspiration is not\n excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. The cardiac silhouette is top\n normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is slightly tortuous. No overt\n pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13858072/s51778875/ccb1e3e6-1f9d4e1e-88f82f66-b69df8de-986b6144.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa6f4e1a-c0b3857c-cde49d6c-fa132913-fe418ff6", "study_id": 54920741, "subject_id": 18586276, "report": "impression: Minimal atelectasis in the lung bases without focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aortic knob is calcified. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. There is minimal\n atelectasis in the lower lobes. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Surgical anchor is seen projecting over the right\n humeral head. There are mild degenerative changes in the imaged thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18586276/s54920741/aa6f4e1a-c0b3857c-cde49d6c-fa132913-fe418ff6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5b7bdc1-228f78c4-ebedaf91-06bd1778-dd358d21", "study_id": 56991308, "subject_id": 12502298, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute disease. \n \n 2. Nodular focus projecting over the right lower lung, possibly a nipple\n shadow. However, when clinically appropriate, follow up repeat PA view with\n nipple markers is recommended for confirmation and further assessment. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. Patchy calcification is noted along the aortic\n arch. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Projecting over the\n right lower lung is a nodular density measuring about 8 mm in diameter\n superimposed on background bronchovascular structures, raising concern for a\n nodule, although a nipple shadow is suspected. Slight degenerative changes\n are noted along the lower thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12502298/s56991308/f5b7bdc1-228f78c4-ebedaf91-06bd1778-dd358d21.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33ba58c7-9214b84f-07354e3d-100669e0-7adae881", "study_id": 51683376, "subject_id": 11809167, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. Increased\n interstitial abnormality could be due to mild pulmonary edema, although low\n lung volumes complicate this assessment. Dual lumen central venous catheter\n terminates with its distal tip in the superior cavoatrial junction. No\n definite pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax with unchanged\n minimal left apical pleural thickening. The heart is top normal in size with\n tortuous aorta contour. Coarse calcifications in the left axilla could be a\n calcified lymph node or intra-articular body within the left glenohumeral\n joint are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11809167/s51683376/33ba58c7-9214b84f-07354e3d-100669e0-7adae881.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d68b1976-11ae6585-42363e89-67de1791-66c0f827", "study_id": 56479298, "subject_id": 16426056, "report": "The patient is intubated, the tip of the endotracheal tube projects\n 4.4 cm above the carina. There is minimal atelectasis at the left lung base,\n in the retrocardiac lung areas. Otherwise, the lung parenchyma is normal. \n The patient shows cortical irregularities of two ribs on the left, likely\n caused by old and healed rib fractures. Borderline size of the cardiac\n silhouette, no pulmonary edema. No pneumonia. No pneumothorax. No pleural\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16426056/s56479298/d68b1976-11ae6585-42363e89-67de1791-66c0f827.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20b28a88-8c6fe1ee-ab3b5a18-6f231def-93171699", "study_id": 51748292, "subject_id": 12387217, "report": "impression: Slight decrease in size of right pleural effusion. Findings: The previously seen right pleural effusion has slightly decreased\n in size from the prior exam. There has been resolution of the right\n atelectasis. There is no left pleural effusion. There are no consolidations. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12387217/s51748292/20b28a88-8c6fe1ee-ab3b5a18-6f231def-93171699.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9254dbe6-081c4312-016a424e-6a5d5945-cd091503", "study_id": 57010701, "subject_id": 10849280, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormality. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10849280/s57010701/9254dbe6-081c4312-016a424e-6a5d5945-cd091503.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b6c8555c-b8af47e7-79bd61c9-f7670c7d-f53b3f6e", "study_id": 57837637, "subject_id": 18919567, "report": "impression: No acute abnormalities are identified to explain patient's left\n anterior chest pain. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs are\n well-expanded and clear. There is chronic eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18919567/s57837637/b6c8555c-b8af47e7-79bd61c9-f7670c7d-f53b3f6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dec5fffc-a5065194-af8fcc22-c324c885-20983f57", "study_id": 50332817, "subject_id": 11002268, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Please refer to subsequent CTA\n chest for further details. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs are\n clear. No signs of pneumonia or CHF. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n appears normal. The imaged osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11002268/s50332817/dec5fffc-a5065194-af8fcc22-c324c885-20983f57.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7dbbc752-3c77ed75-746115f0-e074aad1-38b82f2b", "study_id": 57148606, "subject_id": 13272752, "report": "impression: Small left pneumothorax is stable. Previously seen small left pleural\n effusion is resolved. Findings: Left chest tube projects over the left lung base. Small left pneumothorax is\n stable. Previously seen Small left pleural effusion has resolved. Apical\n component of the pneumothorax is stable and the pleural space previously\n occupied by pleural effusion is now replaced with basilar pneumothorax. \n Bilateral lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size. \n Right coronary artery stent is in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13272752/s57148606/7dbbc752-3c77ed75-746115f0-e074aad1-38b82f2b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb08b4e1-0e1e19ab-23159c91-220cfbd3-74828727", "study_id": 50743237, "subject_id": 18375523, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion and ill-defined opacity in the right lower lung\n which either reflects atelectasis or early pneumonia should be monitored on\n the followup radiographs. Findings: Right pleural effusion is new. There is minimal opacity at right\n lung base with some volume loss and this reflects atelectasis or pneumonic\n consolidation is difficult to differentiate. Left lung and right upper lung\n are clear. There is evidence of prior median sternotomy and the sternal\n sutures are intact. Status post aortic valve replacement. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. No pleural abnormality\n on the left side.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18375523/s50743237/fb08b4e1-0e1e19ab-23159c91-220cfbd3-74828727.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6524362c-a65a2934-3d54e1d2-e063ec6c-4c67aa22", "study_id": 58707796, "subject_id": 17648869, "report": "impression: 1. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema. Right lung base\n opacity could reflect asymmetric edema or possible pneumonia.\n 2. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy, and multiple surgical clips\n likely reflect prior bypass surgery. There is mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion and interstitial edema, slightly improved from prior exam. The\n right lung base opacity is again noted which could reflect asymmetric edema or\n pneumonia. The heart is top-normal in size, and calcifications of the aortic\n arch are again seen. No pneumothorax is seen, and there are small bilateral\n pleural effusions, smaller since prior.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17648869/s58707796/6524362c-a65a2934-3d54e1d2-e063ec6c-4c67aa22.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a6d5f81-e28bf1af-f5132fdb-c64ca4a3-4f485ab9", "study_id": 51737974, "subject_id": 19613926, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and no\n evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion. No prominence of interstitial markings that would\n radiographically suggest methotrexate toxicity.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19613926/s51737974/7a6d5f81-e28bf1af-f5132fdb-c64ca4a3-4f485ab9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4012c4ed-77d89a34-53433c62-63c0086c-eff555da", "study_id": 53885541, "subject_id": 10585182, "report": "impression: Mild improvement of right upper lobe consolidation. No new consolidations are\n seen. Findings: Mild interval improvement of right upper lobe consolidation. The right lower\n lung opacifications are unchanged. Stable appearance of linear atelectasis or\n scarring in the left mid-lung zone. No new consolidations are identified. \n Normal appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No evidence of pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Port-A-Cath is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10585182/s53885541/4012c4ed-77d89a34-53433c62-63c0086c-eff555da.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8f6d8ea-1893e2b6-b3c7ef05-1040ed15-1c5f9887", "study_id": 57695500, "subject_id": 17413996, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17413996/s57695500/a8f6d8ea-1893e2b6-b3c7ef05-1040ed15-1c5f9887.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70603dd1-4eef0331-3755f3be-ef686dd1-df04af3c", "study_id": 58271408, "subject_id": 18255527, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18255527/s58271408/70603dd1-4eef0331-3755f3be-ef686dd1-df04af3c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f7fcce8-a8877e6f-3c169ed5-a3abac7f-09d88e9e", "study_id": 58139095, "subject_id": 13357451, "report": "impression: Increased right lower lobe atelectasis and patchy opacities, most\n compatible with evolving pulmonary infarcts. However, superimposed infection\n cannot be excluded. Findings: There is increased moderate elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm, with adjacent atelectasis. Increased patchy opacities in the\n right lower lobe. Left lung is well expanded and clear. Left chest wall port\n again terminates in the distal SVC. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13357451/s58139095/3f7fcce8-a8877e6f-3c169ed5-a3abac7f-09d88e9e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "244f6b37-44016152-b969feef-c83537b1-b20d2b6b", "study_id": 57716837, "subject_id": 16867899, "report": "impression: Right pleural-based abnormality of uncertain etiology.\n \n Ill-defined faint opacity in the right upper lung projecting over the anterior\n right third rib Findings: The lungs are well-expanded. There is an ill-defined faint opacity in the\n right upper lung projecting over the anterior third rib. No effusion, edema,\n or pneumothorax. The heart is top-normal in size. The mediastinum is not\n widened. There is a broad-based right pleural abnormality in the region of\n the right seventh posterior rib with slight asymmetric appearance of the chest\n wall soft tissue on the right compared to the left. No definite rib fractures\n are identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16867899/s57716837/244f6b37-44016152-b969feef-c83537b1-b20d2b6b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43893fc8-5a87c869-d7369dbf-c39ec2c5-c7aa3ca5", "study_id": 55713975, "subject_id": 14185111, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are again noted. Lung volumes\n are low accentuating the cardiac silhouette. Moderate cardiomegaly is likely\n unchanged. Hilar contours are unremarkable. There is mild retrocardiac\n atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without\n effusion or pneumothorax. Chronic deformity of the proximal left humerus is\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14185111/s55713975/43893fc8-5a87c869-d7369dbf-c39ec2c5-c7aa3ca5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0d7d323-d9be76a2-25199d03-b48f66fc-ae30cd9b", "study_id": 51071880, "subject_id": 13639056, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: A single portable supine chest radiograph was obtained. The lungs are well\n expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13639056/s51071880/e0d7d323-d9be76a2-25199d03-b48f66fc-ae30cd9b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f74ba0cf-011bcd3e-c0846449-e2d9e368-ab2250e7", "study_id": 57337253, "subject_id": 15341255, "report": "Portable frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates a right IJ central\n venous catheter and 2 left pleural catheters in unchanged position. The left\n apical pneumothorax is slightly increased compared to prior now measuring 21\n mm, previously 17 mm. Otherwise, there is stable appearance of the chest with\n unchanged enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural\n effusions with pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15341255/s57337253/f74ba0cf-011bcd3e-c0846449-e2d9e368-ab2250e7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b926a8b-542d7e0b-66ecc176-1280bb2a-c3f23e64", "study_id": 55383575, "subject_id": 15432819, "report": "impression: 1. No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia.\n \n 2. Stable severe cardiomegaly with aortic valve calcification, no pulmonary\n edema. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.\n \n No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema is\n seen. The heart is severely enlarged but stable. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable. Diffuse dense calcifications are again visualized in the\n aortic valve. Moderate-to-severe degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15432819/s55383575/4b926a8b-542d7e0b-66ecc176-1280bb2a-c3f23e64.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0830847d-73776850-12c8e636-f95588cf-e76ccd20", "study_id": 58269918, "subject_id": 18633532, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again no evidence of\n appreciable left pneumothorax following chest tube removal. On the right,\n there is evidence of a basilar pneumothorax with the chest tube in place.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18633532/s58269918/0830847d-73776850-12c8e636-f95588cf-e76ccd20.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e637d00d-10d4845c-849a412a-1d30eb42-dd3a76b8", "study_id": 50483639, "subject_id": 12896135, "report": "impression: Appropriate positioning of ET and NG tubes. Scattered\n subsegmental atelectasis and top normal heart size. Findings: Semi-upright portable AP chest radiograph was obtained. An NG tube\n is seen coiled in the left upper quadrant. The endotracheal tube tip is\n located 4.7 cm above the carina. Lung volumes are low with scattered\n subsegmental atelectasis in the left upper and lower lobes. No large effusion\n or pneumothorax. Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal contour appears\n somewhat prominent, likely technique related. Bony structures appear grossly\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12896135/s50483639/e637d00d-10d4845c-849a412a-1d30eb42-dd3a76b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b78e258e-f04bce97-b617a508-d14e679a-d8747cbf", "study_id": 53606324, "subject_id": 10681072, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process and no change from ___. Findings: The lungs are slightly under inflated, which accentuates\n bronchovascular markings. There is no focal consolidation concerning for\n pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is detected. The pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The trachea is\n midline. A left subclavian approach Port-A-Cath is unchanged in position with\n the tip terminating in the mid-to-distal SVC. Surgical clips projecting in\n the right upper quadrant of the abdomen are compatible with prior\n cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10681072/s53606324/b78e258e-f04bce97-b617a508-d14e679a-d8747cbf.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6dd130c4-86c013e0-eb42641f-48a73df6-0fd174d4", "study_id": 59666770, "subject_id": 14790013, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular\n congestion, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14790013/s59666770/6dd130c4-86c013e0-eb42641f-48a73df6-0fd174d4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "716aca46-42456a63-4e9cb645-cf802867-3ad377a4", "study_id": 55786355, "subject_id": 15712408, "report": "impression: In the appropriate clinical setting, the bilateral parenchymal\n opacities are likely to reflect pneumonia. At the time of observation and\n dictation, 2:23 p.m., the referring physician, ___. ___, was paged for\n notification, on ___, and the findings were subsequently\n discussed over the telephone. Findings: As compared to the previous examination, the lung volumes have\n decreased. At both lung bases, band-like consolidations are seen. Their\n extent is better visualized on the lateral than on the frontal radiograph,\n they predominate in the lower lobes. Overall, the size of the cardiac\n silhouette is within normal limits. The patient has no pleural effusions. \n The hilar and mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15712408/s55786355/716aca46-42456a63-4e9cb645-cf802867-3ad377a4.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f29081fc-1b1901bd-463df14c-40d1b874-1b2d2a60", "study_id": 52978847, "subject_id": 19662220, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Clips in the\n right upper quadrant of the abdomen indicate prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19662220/s52978847/f29081fc-1b1901bd-463df14c-40d1b874-1b2d2a60.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8caf3cd9-a768dbdd-b09d0b2c-09d72c26-356d36ef", "study_id": 54362740, "subject_id": 17980774, "report": "impression: Large, increased right-sided pleural effusion. Stable moderate to large\n left-sided pleural effusion. Findings: There is a large right-sided pleural effusion which is increased. A moderate\n to large left-sided pleural effusion is probably unchanged. Extensive\n atelectasis of each lung bases presumed to coincide. However, apical portions\n of each lung appear within normal limits without edema. Cardiac, mediastinal\n and hilar contours are obscured.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17980774/s54362740/8caf3cd9-a768dbdd-b09d0b2c-09d72c26-356d36ef.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a91b81ae-f6b3110d-e1bc0463-1594fb6c-aab83d36", "study_id": 51284142, "subject_id": 19270543, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Slightly enlarged heart size compared to the\n previous exam. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy. The heart size is mildly\n enlarged, increased in size compared to the previous study. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary edema. Minimal\n atelectasis is noted at the lung bases. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19270543/s51284142/a91b81ae-f6b3110d-e1bc0463-1594fb6c-aab83d36.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "534f57b3-57fce286-f760d7c9-15c98584-fc61d02f", "study_id": 54715677, "subject_id": 11202972, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Multiple surgical clips are\n noted in the right axilla. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. Pectus excavatum deformity of the sternum noted. No\n free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11202972/s54715677/534f57b3-57fce286-f760d7c9-15c98584-fc61d02f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0d0edc64-e1755bcb-5733a102-7bdafa4c-0dbef329", "study_id": 59620073, "subject_id": 11722906, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Low lung volumes limits\n assessment. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11722906/s59620073/0d0edc64-e1755bcb-5733a102-7bdafa4c-0dbef329.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7608f45c-1e46a32c-a0099cdc-b71b071b-ab8f31d8", "study_id": 57342146, "subject_id": 15429918, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear and\n the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15429918/s57342146/7608f45c-1e46a32c-a0099cdc-b71b071b-ab8f31d8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ba340e3-72a109f2-f7792afb-13a3da67-b00026cb", "study_id": 59036258, "subject_id": 17418579, "report": "impression: Unchanged appearance of a left apical pneumothorax despite chest tube\n placement. Consider placing the patient in the right lateral decubitus\n position to shift of the pleural air closer to the tube. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a pigtail catheter in the left\n chest. The pigtail is not fully deployed. A moderate left apical\n pneumothorax has not changed in size since the preceding study 2 hours ago. \n It still measures 2.5 cm in greatest width. There is no consolidation\n effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17418579/s59036258/4ba340e3-72a109f2-f7792afb-13a3da67-b00026cb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f61c1a5-ebfb2bf8-fca1b8a8-33061cb0-ea81ccfb", "study_id": 55846265, "subject_id": 12671092, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs are\n well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. A calcified granuloma in the right lower lung is seen. Heart\n size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal allowing\n for patient rotation. No acute osseous abnormality is identified. There is\n no free air under the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12671092/s55846265/1f61c1a5-ebfb2bf8-fca1b8a8-33061cb0-ea81ccfb.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1d3f70b-4f524e5e-1b8495b3-c8cbb24d-1844b399", "study_id": 55482277, "subject_id": 18103393, "report": "impression: No acute changes. Findings: Heart size is at the upper limits are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity. \n No pleural effusion. Thoracolumbar curve convex to the right. No\n pneumothorax. Mild pectus deformity.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18103393/s55482277/f1d3f70b-4f524e5e-1b8495b3-c8cbb24d-1844b399.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c1832c5-a225e89a-1d315923-9522d8e6-921e7d99", "study_id": 57575939, "subject_id": 13887386, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13887386/s57575939/2c1832c5-a225e89a-1d315923-9522d8e6-921e7d99.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f52c0c8d-8e34c284-0539d0d0-5acafff2-c1872cbc", "study_id": 55132088, "subject_id": 14861499, "report": "impression: Worsening right lung opacity may reflect progression of fibrosis though\n superimposed pneumonia or edema is not excluded. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Extensive fibrosis is again noted in the right lung,\n and there is interval increased opacification over the right middle and lower\n lobes, possibly reflective of worsening fibrosis though superimposed pneumonia\n or edema is not excluded. Fibrotic changes are also noted along the left lung\n base. There is a left cardiac device with its leads in stable position. The\n heart is top-normal in size.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14861499/s55132088/f52c0c8d-8e34c284-0539d0d0-5acafff2-c1872cbc.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c714587-f1917bec-744d9a5e-dd833f1f-7ff60f98", "study_id": 55708757, "subject_id": 10380616, "report": "impression: Small residual right pleural effusion with associated right basal atelectasis.\n No convincing signs of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Surgical clips are noted in the\n right upper quadrant. There is a tiny residual right pleural effusion with\n mild basilar atelectasis. No convincing evidence for pneumonia. The lungs are\n hyperinflated and lucent. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears stable. \n The imaged bony structures are intact. Chronic right rib deformities are\n again noted.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10380616/s55708757/1c714587-f1917bec-744d9a5e-dd833f1f-7ff60f98.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb768ab3-6696e550-545eea34-93d005ad-4c90bf3b", "study_id": 53338517, "subject_id": 17406428, "report": "impression: Successive images during placement of a Dobhoff tube. On view #3, the distal\n portion of the tube is curled and overlies the gastric fundus, with the\n radiopaque tip pointing toward the region of the GE junction. Findings: These images apparently represent 3 frontal views of the chest during\n placement of a Dobhoff type tube.\n \n On view #3, the distal portion of the tube is curled and overlies the gastric\n fundus, with the radiopaque tip pointing toward the region of the GE junction.\n \n An ET tube is present, tip approximately 2.4 cm above the carina. Right IJ\n central line tip lies near the SVC/RA junction. No pneumothorax is detected.\n \n The heart is not enlarged. There is bibasilar atelectasis. However, no overt\n CHF, frank consolidation or gross effusion is identified. Minimal blunting of\n the left costophrenic angle may be present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17406428/s53338517/fb768ab3-6696e550-545eea34-93d005ad-4c90bf3b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45b67a3e-ff7bc529-406a8250-e3a708cc-7804aafd", "study_id": 59426167, "subject_id": 16958176, "report": "impression: 1. No pneumonia.\n \n 2. Mild cardiomegaly, stable since at least ___. Findings: Slightly lower lung volumes, unchanged since at least ___. The lungs are\n otherwise clear, without focal consolidation or pulmonary edema. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Stable mediastinal\n contours and hila.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16958176/s59426167/45b67a3e-ff7bc529-406a8250-e3a708cc-7804aafd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d840d793-39ddf557-94dd8569-1f1e8aff-5ffe7804", "study_id": 56149958, "subject_id": 19278499, "report": "The NG tube is in the stomach. Tracheostomy tube is unchanged. \n There are some increased lung markings at the right base and an early\n infiltrate in this region cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19278499/s56149958/d840d793-39ddf557-94dd8569-1f1e8aff-5ffe7804.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "980ac6c7-02a2d429-2320c2e6-b978e127-d6a8dee6", "study_id": 50529953, "subject_id": 19379224, "report": "impression: Stable moderate cardiomegaly. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is stable compared to prior studies. The lungs are well\n inflated, and there is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or\n focal airspace consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19379224/s50529953/980ac6c7-02a2d429-2320c2e6-b978e127-d6a8dee6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "517d0d03-ed71aa47-07333d15-aced853c-d73e4685", "study_id": 51594710, "subject_id": 16668931, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16668931/s51594710/517d0d03-ed71aa47-07333d15-aced853c-d73e4685.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5cf2ea5a-3052f25a-4c8b22f7-64eda6ab-d6c1a0a1", "study_id": 50342037, "subject_id": 19729398, "report": "impression: Interval decrease since ___ in right-sided opacity with significant\n decrease in right pleural effusion, with small to moderate pleural effusion\n with overlying atelectasis residual right mid lung opacity. Streaky left base\n opacity significantly decreased from prior radiograph and demonstrates\n improved aeration. Findings: Since the prior chest radiograph, there has been interval significant decrease\n in right sided opacity with significant decrease in right pleural effusion\n with small to moderate pleural effusion overlying atelectasis remaining. There\n is some residual right mid lung opacity. There is also streaky left base\n opacity, with improved aeration from prior. There is persistent fibrotic\n change at the medial right upper lung. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal.\n Mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19729398/s50342037/5cf2ea5a-3052f25a-4c8b22f7-64eda6ab-d6c1a0a1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3211be06-3722a352-8ac82dcb-efbc8b80-3a348fc6", "study_id": 56014580, "subject_id": 16234464, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Gas distention of small bowel in\n the left upper quadrant for which dedicated abdominal radiograph may be\n obtained if there is associated abdominal pain. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm. A gas-filled somewhat distended loop of\n small bowel is seen below the left hemiabdomen. Please correlate, for\n abdominal pain.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16234464/s56014580/3211be06-3722a352-8ac82dcb-efbc8b80-3a348fc6.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f4246f0-5ecc2ce0-041c7082-339ed214-3e7e58a3", "study_id": 56758754, "subject_id": 17518119, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The lung volumes are low. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Aside from minimal posterior opacification suggesting minor\n atelectasis, the lungs appear clear. Mild degenerative changes are noted\n along the lower thoracic spine. Prominent facet hypertrophy is noted along\n the right side at the C4-C5 interspace of the cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17518119/s56758754/6f4246f0-5ecc2ce0-041c7082-339ed214-3e7e58a3.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9e6e12b-2f6ea367-d1ce5818-ca109e9f-fdebb42c", "study_id": 54679145, "subject_id": 15247745, "report": "impression: Increased opacities within the apices bilaterally likely technical. No acute\n intrathoracic abnormality identified. Findings: Single AP portable chest radiograph demonstrates increased opacification in\n the apices bilaterally. There is no pneumothorax. The left costophrenic\n angle is incompletely imaged. There is no large pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormality is seen. Imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15247745/s54679145/c9e6e12b-2f6ea367-d1ce5818-ca109e9f-fdebb42c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3d1134c-877b8967-63b42148-b8fe4fe5-fd41f48b", "study_id": 56652033, "subject_id": 13500179, "report": "impression: Left pectoral pacemaker with intact leads terminating in their expected\n positions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Findings: As compared to the prior examination, there has been no significant interval\n change. Redemonstrated is a left pectoral pacemaker with leads seen intact\n and terminating in their expected positions. The patient is also status post\n CABG with median sternotomy wires seen well aligned. There is no evidence of\n pneumothorax, focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. \n Stable, mild to moderate cardiomegaly is noted. Mediastinal contours are\n normal. No bony abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13500179/s56652033/b3d1134c-877b8967-63b42148-b8fe4fe5-fd41f48b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3f63724-9a4cf926-e87acf50-ffcd9df0-85a6d0ec", "study_id": 50650554, "subject_id": 10518021, "report": "impression: Ground-glass opacities in the mid to lower lungs bilaterally,\n most likely representing pneumonia. Findings: A right arm PICC is seen with the tip in the mid to upper SVC. \n There is no pneumothorax. There are ground-glass opacities in the mid to\n lower lungs bilaterally, most likely representing pneumonia. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10518021/s50650554/f3f63724-9a4cf926-e87acf50-ffcd9df0-85a6d0ec.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a56dfc5e-ea096823-8424aeb4-d7149697-5f252753", "study_id": 55793652, "subject_id": 16177747, "report": "impression: NEW RIGHT LOWER LOBE PNEUMONIA, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO EARLY CARDIAC DECOMPENSATION\n REFLECTED IN PROGRESSIVE MODERATE CARDIOMEGALY AND NEW SMALL RIGHT PLEURAL\n EFFUSION. Findings: MODERATE CARDIOMEGALY HAS INCREASED There is no PULMONARY EDEMA, BUT THE\n CHANGE IN CONFIGURATION OF THE RIGHT DIAPHRAGMATIC PLEURAL SURFACE SUGGESTS A\n NEW SMALL RIGHT PLEURAL EFFUSION. NEW CONSOLIDATION IN THE RIGHT LOWER LUNG\n DOES NOT OBSCURE THE HEART BORDER, AND IS PROBABLY PNEUMONIA IN THE LOWER\n LOBE.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16177747/s55793652/a56dfc5e-ea096823-8424aeb4-d7149697-5f252753.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de6fae80-60862ebc-f7c5794d-1d809060-5b00a813", "study_id": 56579057, "subject_id": 14269614, "report": "impression: No acute chest abnormality. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate overlying breast shadows. \n The lungs are clear without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14269614/s56579057/de6fae80-60862ebc-f7c5794d-1d809060-5b00a813.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc1a7556-6fecc428-cf800b06-f387c108-8b0cb97d", "study_id": 53384842, "subject_id": 10582192, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Evaluation slightly\n limited due to under penetrated technique. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. Cervical fusion hardware is partially imaged. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10582192/s53384842/bc1a7556-6fecc428-cf800b06-f387c108-8b0cb97d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "196e715b-24919b29-f85e31e4-2ef643ac-b35bef55", "study_id": 58245881, "subject_id": 15452566, "report": "AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs\n are clear. The heart is mildly enlarged, though stable. The mediastinal\n contour is unremarkable aside from a slightly unfolded thoracic aorta. There\n is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The imaged bony structures appear\n intact. There is mild degenerative disc disease in the mid thoracic spine. \n No definite compression fracture or rib fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15452566/s58245881/196e715b-24919b29-f85e31e4-2ef643ac-b35bef55.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4603958e-e091ba4f-dd42e8bd-9baaa0fd-11d27983", "study_id": 51931249, "subject_id": 11154374, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours\n are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No compression\n deformity of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11154374/s51931249/4603958e-e091ba4f-dd42e8bd-9baaa0fd-11d27983.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0235885f-eb3b672e-8ea485f8-c6446be4-d5f15c01", "study_id": 55843234, "subject_id": 19132043, "report": "impression: Interval development of pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable upright frontal view of the chest. The left internal\n jugular line has been removed. A right-sided Port-A-Cath is accessed and\n terminates in the low SVC. A double-lumen catheter ends in the mid right\n atrium. Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly that appears slightly worse since\n ___. Bilateral diffuse lower lobe predominant airspace opacities are\n new since ___. There are bilateral moderate-sized pleural effusions\n and bibasilar atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19132043/s55843234/0235885f-eb3b672e-8ea485f8-c6446be4-d5f15c01.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad332a1f-d42ced96-39091a38-f71f0b46-f31878ff", "study_id": 50087773, "subject_id": 16926448, "report": "impression: No significant change. Findings: Bronchovascular markings are prominent as before. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There is no pneumothorax. There is no focal consolidation. The heart\n is normal in size. The aorta is mildly tortuous. Mediastinal structures are\n stable. An ICD remains place. Posttraumatic deformity of the left seventh\n and eighth ribs, compression deformity of several thoracic vertebral bodies\n and a left shoulder prosthesis are again demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16926448/s50087773/ad332a1f-d42ced96-39091a38-f71f0b46-f31878ff.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fca221f-05ca842d-38db5db1-8366656b-31f180b9", "study_id": 59765999, "subject_id": 14535070, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were provided. The lungs are well\n expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged upper abdomen is\n unremarkable. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14535070/s59765999/4fca221f-05ca842d-38db5db1-8366656b-31f180b9.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96a2bde7-402f6b77-58437313-4362119b-e9176bb8", "study_id": 55553024, "subject_id": 13102520, "report": "impression: New moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly can be compatible with new\n pericardial effusion or cardiomyopathy. Mild vascular congestion. No sign of\n acute pulmonary process. Findings: Right jugular catheter has been removed. Lung volume is still low,\n but without evidence of consolidation or nodule. Heart size has enlarged\n since ___. This enlargment might be due to increase pericardial effusion\n or cardiomyopathy. New mild vascular congestion can be related to reduced\n cardiac function. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13102520/s55553024/96a2bde7-402f6b77-58437313-4362119b-e9176bb8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8b8a58c-47dd9900-09e64fef-b067575f-fb52bbf1", "study_id": 55319676, "subject_id": 11953959, "report": "impression: Marked improvement of right basal pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema of\n the right chest. Persistence of small right pneumothorax. Small right\n pleural effusion. Findings: Heart size and mediastinum are stable. Right pigtail catheter is in place. \n Interval decrease in right basal pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema of\n the right chest wall. However, persistence of small right pneumothorax. \n Right lower lobe atelectasis. Unchanged atelectasis of the left lung. Small\n right pleural effusion. Stable degenerative disc disease and cervical spinal\n fusion hardware.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11953959/s55319676/e8b8a58c-47dd9900-09e64fef-b067575f-fb52bbf1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e6a1d2d-6dfab1dc-e58c8770-6351aefa-bfd4994a", "study_id": 58814605, "subject_id": 14834029, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent marked elevation of\n the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is\n marked eventration of the right hemidiaphragm, minimally increased since the\n prior study of ___, although relatively similar to scout image from CT\n chest from ___. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence\n of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14834029/s58814605/5e6a1d2d-6dfab1dc-e58c8770-6351aefa-bfd4994a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bbb3c0b-71ae1cb9-613b0585-7397ba47-5a108dad", "study_id": 57575647, "subject_id": 14698979, "report": "impression: Linearly oriented right upper lobe opacity favors a focal area of\n scarring or atelectasis. Findings: Linearly oriented opacity within the right upper lobe is probably\n an area of localized scar or atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear\n except for pleural and parenchymal scarring in the periphery of the left apex.\n The cardiomediastinal contours are stable in appearance. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothoraces. A right internal jugular central venous catheter\n continues to terminate in the lower superior vena cava.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14698979/s57575647/8bbb3c0b-71ae1cb9-613b0585-7397ba47-5a108dad.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7abe2047-c1cf25d8-7bd1d1d7-5c1f07f5-ed4c0b2f", "study_id": 55128018, "subject_id": 15181000, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear\n of consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15181000/s55128018/7abe2047-c1cf25d8-7bd1d1d7-5c1f07f5-ed4c0b2f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47a31816-19c56687-4ff799e0-bd74fb57-3898faf2", "study_id": 50089094, "subject_id": 11108032, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity\n or pulmonary edema. Heart size is top normal. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. There is no large pleural effusion. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11108032/s50089094/47a31816-19c56687-4ff799e0-bd74fb57-3898faf2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6bda246b-05eec5bf-0c097e05-c057b108-2c72209e", "study_id": 57503410, "subject_id": 14279228, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute, displaced rib fracture. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Linear opacity at the right lung base likely represents\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation to suggest pneumonia. No displaced rib\n fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14279228/s57503410/6bda246b-05eec5bf-0c097e05-c057b108-2c72209e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cbede54b-b8ca585d-089c88df-b5c24888-89ac1a6e", "study_id": 56006763, "subject_id": 17519359, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Hyperinflation with severe emphysema.\n 3. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: Hyperinflation with severe upper lobe predominant emphysema. No focal\n consolidations. Mild interstitial pulmonary edema. Stable appearance of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17519359/s56006763/cbede54b-b8ca585d-089c88df-b5c24888-89ac1a6e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "517a35ac-f3e7fb37-389c1697-eddbe3dc-d4ae9935", "study_id": 59538223, "subject_id": 16882527, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. Allowing\n for this, the lungs are clear. No large effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable aside from an unfolded\n thoracic aorta. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16882527/s59538223/517a35ac-f3e7fb37-389c1697-eddbe3dc-d4ae9935.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85a1342b-6250526b-d0bd5d28-7f56a8fd-4fc6e3b8", "study_id": 53029458, "subject_id": 13376901, "report": "impression: 1. Lines and tubes as described above.\n 2. Interstitial pulmonary edema; small bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right.\n 3. Subtle consolidation in the right upper lobe, concerning for evolving\n pneumonia. Findings: The ET tube sits 3.5 cm above the carina. The endogastric tube\n side port is well below the GE junction. Left-sided central line tip sits at\n the lower SVC.\n \n The cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs demonstrate mild\n interstitial edema, similar to prior studies. Additionally, subtly increased\n opacity of the right upper lobe is present, and may represent a developing\n consolidative process such as pneumonia. Indistinctness of the left\n hemidiaphragmatic contour and blunting of the costophrenic sulci may indicate\n small bilateral pleural effusions, but more prominent on the left than the\n right as well as some associated atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13376901/s53029458/85a1342b-6250526b-d0bd5d28-7f56a8fd-4fc6e3b8.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62ab4200-46ddb11e-0a70f379-2a385c4b-ba514ffd", "study_id": 53616242, "subject_id": 13419061, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of a small basal right pneumothorax. The maximum of the small air collection\n is now located medially. There is blunting of the right costophrenic sinus,\n so that the presence of a minimal right pleural effusion cannot be excluded. \n The position of the endotracheal tube, the right chest tube and the\n nasogastric tube are unchanged. No evidence of tension.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13419061/s53616242/62ab4200-46ddb11e-0a70f379-2a385c4b-ba514ffd.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbbcf4ef-046b5048-03907250-9ea482a7-8a0384b5", "study_id": 57142064, "subject_id": 14610274, "report": "impression: There are no acute cardiopulmonary findings. Findings: The patient had recent redo of sternotomy for aortic valve repair.\n \n Right lower lung atelectasis has completely resolved. Left residual basal\n atelectatic bands are unchanged. There are no new lung consolidations. \n Moderate mediastinal and cardiac contours widening is unchanged. The sternal\n wires are also in the same position. Left elevation of hemidiaphragm is\n chronic and was already present prior to the redo. There is no pneumothorax\n and no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14610274/s57142064/dbbcf4ef-046b5048-03907250-9ea482a7-8a0384b5.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43548b65-0ba75e77-29a26239-23052edf-e2c9ba70", "study_id": 52216776, "subject_id": 16159717, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16159717/s52216776/43548b65-0ba75e77-29a26239-23052edf-e2c9ba70.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba4cd69a-7600cfad-ef061eae-7e827ccc-d2163545", "study_id": 51265529, "subject_id": 16950496, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16950496/s51265529/ba4cd69a-7600cfad-ef061eae-7e827ccc-d2163545.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f8742896-0ac2b3ce-064b069f-5ab28fb1-2452ed12", "study_id": 56955854, "subject_id": 10563101, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has been\n extubated. The pre-existing parenchymal opacities in the right upper lobe and\n at the right lung bases have slightly increased in density and severity. The\n lung volumes have slightly decreased. Moderate pulmonary edema and\n mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly is present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10563101/s56955854/f8742896-0ac2b3ce-064b069f-5ab28fb1-2452ed12.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "034cc650-8c44523a-2886a393-df62ef6c-2284f690", "study_id": 57276201, "subject_id": 16820602, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam\n from ___. The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is normal. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16820602/s57276201/034cc650-8c44523a-2886a393-df62ef6c-2284f690.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99d961d5-83928053-fc7564c2-89223bca-d2e07c15", "study_id": 54479539, "subject_id": 12763077, "report": "impression: Moderate thoracic scoliosis. No rib abnormality seen. Dedicated rib series\n could be obtained to further evaluate for subtle chest wall abnormalities in\n the area of focal clinical tenderness. Findings: Lung volumes low and the lungs are clear. Mediastinal contours and hila are\n normal. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. No pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion. Scoliosis of the thoracic spine is moderate. No other\n osseous abnormality is identified on this nondedicated study.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12763077/s54479539/99d961d5-83928053-fc7564c2-89223bca-d2e07c15.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16820c2b-95c41960-d6449a6c-e6ce3bd4-c01b2d51", "study_id": 53770271, "subject_id": 13658672, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the position of the\n nasogastric tube is slightly changed. The tip of the tube now projects over\n the region of the pylorus. The course of the tube is unremarkable. The\n patient continues to carry a left-sided PICC line. Atelectasis are seen at\n both lung bases, but no evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema is present. \n No larger pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13658672/s53770271/16820c2b-95c41960-d6449a6c-e6ce3bd4-c01b2d51.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1981ec54-c4dfaaf6-4017f72c-4b40c278-f03eb1d2", "study_id": 55199407, "subject_id": 19532128, "report": "impression: Feeding tube placement with the side port below the EG junction. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. Bibasilar atelectasis and small bilateral\n pleural effusions are stable as well as unchanged pulmonary vascular\n congestion. The ETT terminates in the midtrachea. There is interval\n placement of a feeding tube with a side-port that is below the EG junction and\n a tip that extends beyond the lower margin of the image.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19532128/s55199407/1981ec54-c4dfaaf6-4017f72c-4b40c278-f03eb1d2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84fec711-ebbcea05-d87dbc20-4815bf93-fc42f77f", "study_id": 56374211, "subject_id": 15986212, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality in this patient with low lung volumes Findings: PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates low lung volumes bilaterally. \n There is no large pleural effusion, consolidation, pneumothorax, or evidence\n of pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Upper abdomen is without an acute abnormality. Hardware is noted\n involving the proximal left humerus.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15986212/s56374211/84fec711-ebbcea05-d87dbc20-4815bf93-fc42f77f.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8b84735-2386cde2-1509520f-23fd8a50-28fd1698", "study_id": 56361394, "subject_id": 13410910, "report": "impression: 1. ET tube, NG tube, and intra-aortic balloon pump are in adequate position.\n 2. Right-sided Swan-Ganz could be pulled back 2-3 cm. Findings: ET tube ends 2.4 cm above the carina. Right-sided Swan-Ganz is in right\n interlobular artery and should not be advanced further. For safe positioning,\n it could be pulled back 2-3 cm. Intra-aortic balloon pump ends 3.4 cm below\n the aortic knob, which is adequate. Bibasilar consolidations, left more than\n right, is unchanged with probable small left pleural effusion. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13410910/s56361394/b8b84735-2386cde2-1509520f-23fd8a50-28fd1698.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81365c46-f8369ff8-c5b88156-48fd55e7-2e1edb5e", "study_id": 51453063, "subject_id": 19499942, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little overall change. \n Again there is a large hiatal hernia with mild atelectatic changes at the left\n base. No evidence of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19499942/s51453063/81365c46-f8369ff8-c5b88156-48fd55e7-2e1edb5e.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0ff0b97-8d2ecfbb-6dba1880-451a2c24-36e66f2a", "study_id": 59501399, "subject_id": 10750883, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient was extubated\n and the nasogastric tube was removed. Swan-Ganz catheter is in unchanged\n position, with the tip projecting over the inflow tract of the right atrium. \n No complications. Improved ventilation of both lungs. A small atelectasis in\n the mid left lung persists. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette, no\n overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750883/s59501399/b0ff0b97-8d2ecfbb-6dba1880-451a2c24-36e66f2a.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "658e534e-3268fc50-e35264be-e316f15b-39176550", "study_id": 57922470, "subject_id": 11770965, "report": "Compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has received a\n Dobhoff catheter. The catheter shows a normal course, but its coiled in the\n stomach with its tip pointing towards the fundus.\n \n There is no evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax. Left and\n right central venous lines are unchanged. The median clips after surgery are\n constant. The patient continues to show bilateral parenchymal opacities,\n consistent with moderate centralized pulmonary edema. No larger pleural\n effusions. Minimal blunting of the left costophrenic sinus.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11770965/s57922470/658e534e-3268fc50-e35264be-e316f15b-39176550.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cf6d09f5-1f2711b0-7f6fc8bc-aeedbf54-4ad3b1ce", "study_id": 55935845, "subject_id": 11114467, "report": "impression: Dobhoff tube is in left lower lobe. Dr. ___ has been verbally\n contacted for the results. Findings: Two views of the chest are available showing Dobhoff tube probably in left\n lower lung.\n \n ET tube is in adequate position. Atrioventricular pacemaker is in adequate\n position. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral mild-to-moderate pleural\n effusion with compressive atelectasis is unchanged. Mild cardiac enlargement\n is stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11114467/s55935845/cf6d09f5-1f2711b0-7f6fc8bc-aeedbf54-4ad3b1ce.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee96d9c2-9c6e2e0f-e80c1583-28134314-9267138c", "study_id": 55695728, "subject_id": 14531295, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Chronic reticulonodular\n interstitial opacities that may reflect sarcoidosis. Findings: The heart size is top normal. The\n hilar and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Diffuse reticular\n parenchymal opacities are again seen, demonstrating slightly increased\n nodularity since ___, which may represent sarcoidosis. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14531295/s55695728/ee96d9c2-9c6e2e0f-e80c1583-28134314-9267138c.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8adf4de-da9baae2-6a9dff63-a589b75c-c685c6e2", "study_id": 57591922, "subject_id": 14264541, "report": "impression: Interval improvement in right lower lobe atelectasis. No\n evidence of pneumonia. Chronic findings of COPD. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval\n improvement in the right lower lobe atelectasis seen on the prior study. The\n lungs are hyperinflated and there is increased anterior-posterior diameter of\n the chest, consistent with COPD. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. The lungs are clear. The hila and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14264541/s57591922/e8adf4de-da9baae2-6a9dff63-a589b75c-c685c6e2.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0ffbc60-76243974-5b913228-fbcee855-46a9c6e0", "study_id": 52731514, "subject_id": 10388429, "report": "Cardiac silhouette is enlarged, and accompanied by mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement, new perihilar haziness and more confluent opacities at\n the bases, accompanied by small effusions. Findings are likely due to\n perihilar and basilar edema, but superimposed process such as aspiration at\n the lung bases is also possible. Followup radiographs may be helpful.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10388429/s52731514/f0ffbc60-76243974-5b913228-fbcee855-46a9c6e0.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3245cfae-412e03fb-f1bbcd55-e1bde46a-77ee6fab", "study_id": 58078746, "subject_id": 19249052, "report": "impression: 1. No definitive pneumothorax. \n \n 2. Right PICC terminating at the level of the right axilla, as before. \n \n 3. Slightly increased moderate left pleural effusion and underlying\n atelectasis or consolidation. \n \n 4. Improved right basilar atelectasis. Findings: A tracheostomy tube is in place. The patient is status post median\n sternotomy. A right pleural pigtail catheter again projects over the right\n costophrenic angle. A left PICC is unchanged in position with the tip\n terminating in the upper to mid SVC. A right PICC is again noted with the tip\n terminating at the level of the right axilla. There is no definitive evidence\n of pneumothorax. There is slightly increased opacification of the left lung\n base likely reflecting a combination of moderate left pleural effusion and\n underlying atelectasis or consolidation. Right basilar atelectasis is\n slightly improved from the most recent prior study. Enlargement of the\n cardiac mediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Calcification of the aortic knob\n and descending thoracic aorta is re- demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19249052/s58078746/3245cfae-412e03fb-f1bbcd55-e1bde46a-77ee6fab.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "319b0e8d-a6ce8940-e4b9bbeb-38c53c0a-adc35647", "study_id": 50139454, "subject_id": 10011668, "report": "impression: Stable radiographic appearance of the chest, with no evidence of\n congestive heart failure. Findings: There has been previous median sternotomy, with unchanged\n appearance of a fracture of the lowest sternal wire. Heart size is normal. \n Lungs and pleural surfaces are clear. No acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10011668/s50139454/319b0e8d-a6ce8940-e4b9bbeb-38c53c0a-adc35647.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc48d60c-071bf526-8e0e6875-383fab4d-6b40706d", "study_id": 56589762, "subject_id": 16428545, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable semi upright frontal chest radiograph demonstrates moderately\n well expanded and clear lungs with bibasilar atelectasis. Right middle lobe\n opacity with preservation of the diaphragm and heart borders is most\n consistent with epicardial fat. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild\n cardiomegaly is likely accentuated due to patient positioning. Mediastinal\n contour and hila are otherwise unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16428545/s56589762/fc48d60c-071bf526-8e0e6875-383fab4d-6b40706d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6df94d9e-637079bb-60aa152b-2281280e-035b6e91", "study_id": 50756666, "subject_id": 13931230, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema and small left pleural effusion. Retrocardiac patchy\n opacity, likely atelectasis. Findings: Assessment is slightly limited by patient rotation and oblique positioning.\n Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is noted. Aorta is tortuous\n and demonstrates atherosclerotic calcifications. Mild interstitial pulmonary\n edema and small left pleural effusion are demonstrated. Retrocardiac patchy\n opacity is most likely atelectasis. No pneumothorax is present. Multilevel\n degenerative changes are seen within the thoracic spine which is diffusely\n demineralized with findings suggestive of a severe compression deformity\n within the upper/mid thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13931230/s50756666/6df94d9e-637079bb-60aa152b-2281280e-035b6e91.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79ad1771-afe10974-fabd66eb-2322fadd-8fdbd68d", "study_id": 52042788, "subject_id": 12539692, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible fracture of the left 6th rib. Recommend clinical correlation. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes are appropriate. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged and there is no overt\n pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Irregularity of the cortex in the left posterolateral 6th rib may\n represent fracture.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12539692/s52042788/79ad1771-afe10974-fabd66eb-2322fadd-8fdbd68d.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ca71653-e31b3bd4-d0172dcc-7fbb74a1-774d747b", "study_id": 57827231, "subject_id": 16602535, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary edema which has progressed since prior and\n new small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Blunting of the posterior costophrenic angles suggests small effusions, new\n since prior. Increased interstitial markings are noted on the current exam,\n progressed since prior suggesting interstitial edema. Punctate calcific\n densities over the right lung apex are likely calcified granulomas. Mild\n cardiac enlargement is again noted. Relative elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm is again seen. Severe compression deformity of likely T12 is\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16602535/s57827231/3ca71653-e31b3bd4-d0172dcc-7fbb74a1-774d747b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1dad670f-6f017bd1-29ed27eb-bf9d6f00-e951adc7", "study_id": 59578989, "subject_id": 13449480, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is a right IJ central line with distal lead tip at the proximal right\n atrium. The endotracheal tube tip is 4 cm above the carina, appropriately\n sited. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. There is again noted\n moderate pulmonary edema which is stable. There is a left retrocardiac\n opacity and likely small bilateral pleural effusions also unchanged. There\n are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13449480/s59578989/1dad670f-6f017bd1-29ed27eb-bf9d6f00-e951adc7.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e350331-a284f416-40e38dfd-a3e85a17-023afb80", "study_id": 58819365, "subject_id": 16276490, "report": "impression: Stable moderate pulmonary edema and bilateral moderate pleural effusions Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged with moderately cardiomegaly. \n Moderate pulmonary edema and bilateral moderate pleural effusions are\n unchanged. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16276490/s58819365/8e350331-a284f416-40e38dfd-a3e85a17-023afb80.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfe50213-06151bbe-06b77745-8ae83815-c1ed275b", "study_id": 52524731, "subject_id": 11176797, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained demonstrating clear\n well expanded lungs without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are intact. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11176797/s52524731/cfe50213-06151bbe-06b77745-8ae83815-c1ed275b.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f4d14636-6ce16c2e-126d80cf-2cf97764-43d000d1", "study_id": 55827326, "subject_id": 10432951, "report": "impression: 1. NG tube terminating within the stomach.\n 2. Unchanged small bilateral pleural effusions, bibasilar atelectasis, and\n superimposed edema. Findings: Since ___ the patient has been extubated. There is a new\n nasogastric tube terminating within the stomach. The heart is enlarged. \n Bilateral pleural effusions and superimposed mild pulmonary edema are stable. \n There is no pneumothorax. Bibasilar atelectasis is also present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10432951/s55827326/f4d14636-6ce16c2e-126d80cf-2cf97764-43d000d1.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3012d0fa-2a6450dd-d1beee0f-e8be9f08-7f1b1968", "study_id": 55597839, "subject_id": 12878292, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographdemonstrates well expanded and clear\n lungs.No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour,\n and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12878292/s55597839/3012d0fa-2a6450dd-d1beee0f-e8be9f08-7f1b1968.jpg" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" } ] ================================================ FILE: data/training/retriever/radiology/radiology_val.json ================================================ [ { "id": "CXR2079_IM-0711", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There are calcified granulomas at the right perihilar regions appear stable. There are significant degenerative osteophytes of the thoracic spine also appear stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2079_IM-0711/0.png", "CXR2079_IM-0711/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3969_IM-2030", "report": "The lungs hyperexpanded suggesting emphysema. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3969_IM-2030/0.png", "CXR3969_IM-2030/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR249_IM-1016", "report": "Lobulated right middle lobe mass measuring 4.5 x 6.8 cm, increased in size compared to prior study, most compatible with neoplasm. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR249_IM-1016/0.png", "CXR249_IM-1016/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1396_IM-0252", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1396_IM-0252/0.png", "CXR1396_IM-0252/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3866_IM-1959-0001", "report": "Patchy airspace disease is noted within the right middle lobe. Subtle opacities are present within the lingula as well. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3866_IM-1959-0001/0.png", "CXR3866_IM-1959-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3735_IM-1866", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Atherosclerotic aorta. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3735_IM-1866/0.png", "CXR3735_IM-1866/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2475_IM-1004", "report": "Heart size remains slightly large. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Aorta tortuous.", "image_path": [ "CXR2475_IM-1004/0.png", "CXR2475_IM-1004/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1679_IM-0448", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1679_IM-0448/0.png", "CXR1679_IM-0448/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1740_IM-0488", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is XXXX airspace opacity in the mid right lung radiating from the right hilum to the pleura and bordered inferiorly by the fissures. The XXXX fissure is convex upward. There is right base patchy airspace opacity. This appears chronic and may be due to scarring. There is no significant pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1740_IM-0488/0.png", "CXR1740_IM-0488/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2917_IM-1319", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. Bullae are present in the upper lobes. No focal infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2917_IM-1319/0.png", "CXR2917_IM-1319/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1794_IM-0515", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1794_IM-0515/0.png", "CXR1794_IM-0515/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR991_IM-2476", "report": "The heart size is upper limits of normal. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild streaky perihilar opacity without confluent airspace opacity to suggest a bacterial pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "CXR991_IM-2476/0.png", "CXR991_IM-2476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR979_IM-2466", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Right chest wall surgical clips, compatible with prior lumpectomy. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR979_IM-2466/0.png", "CXR979_IM-2466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3506_IM-1708", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3506_IM-1708/0.png", "CXR3506_IM-1708/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3925_IM-1999", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified right hilar and mediastinal lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3925_IM-1999/0.png", "CXR3925_IM-1999/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3301_IM-1579", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR3301_IM-1579/0.png", "CXR3301_IM-1579/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR112_IM-0080", "report": "Previous lower spine cervical fusion. Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR112_IM-0080/0.png", "CXR112_IM-0080/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2744_IM-1197", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2744_IM-1197/0.png", "CXR2744_IM-1197/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR113_IM-0086", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. There are two subcentimeter hyperdense nodular opacities are noted within the right lung. These may represent XXXX on end or alternatively, calcified granulomas. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR113_IM-0086/0.png", "CXR113_IM-0086/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2928_IM-1330", "report": "Mediastinum is stable. Retrocardiac lucency XXXX represents a large hiatal hernia, unchanged from prior. The lungs are clear, without focal infiltrate or pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Stable thoracic XXXX deformity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2928_IM-1330/0.png", "CXR2928_IM-1330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR266_IM-1141", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is mildly enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcifications are present in the aortic XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR266_IM-1141/0.png", "CXR266_IM-1141/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2278_IM-0864", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are again seen. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unchanged. Right lung calcified granulomata are again seen. There is no consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2278_IM-0864/0.png", "CXR2278_IM-0864/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR652_IM-2229", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacities.", "image_path": [ "CXR652_IM-2229/0.png", "CXR652_IM-2229/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1250_IM-0169", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Large bilateral hilar calcified lymph XXXX/granulomas. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1250_IM-0169/0.png", "CXR1250_IM-0169/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1707_IM-0466", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1707_IM-0466/0.png", "CXR1707_IM-0466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2425_IM-0967", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No infiltrates. Heart and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2425_IM-0967/0.png", "CXR2425_IM-0967/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2231_IM-0831", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures are unremarkable. Possible subtle increased opacity in right apex versus technique. Otherwise no significant interval change compared to prior study", "image_path": [ "CXR2231_IM-0831/0.png", "CXR2231_IM-0831/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1505_IM-0330", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. There is opacity at the base of the mediastinum which is XXXX a hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR1505_IM-0330/0.png", "CXR1505_IM-0330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR695_IM-2261", "report": "There is persistent mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. There is suggestion of subtle patchy opacities in lower lung XXXX bilaterally. This is XXXX to be similar to XXXX scan. The heart is normal. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. The skeletal structures show scoliosis and arthritic changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR695_IM-2261/0.png", "CXR695_IM-2261/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR694_IM-2260", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and pulmonary vascularity are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pleural effusion. Postoperative changes are noted in the mediastinum and lower cervical spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR694_IM-2260/0.png", "CXR694_IM-2260/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR499_IM-2116", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR499_IM-2116/0.png", "CXR499_IM-2116/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2283_IM-0870", "report": "The heart and mediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, large effusion, or pneumothorax. The XXXX are grossly intact. Interval removal of right PICC. Persistent elevation of the left hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2283_IM-0870/0.png", "CXR2283_IM-0870/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR393_IM-2002", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR393_IM-2002/0.png", "CXR393_IM-2002/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3879_IM-1968", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR3879_IM-1968/0.png", "CXR3879_IM-1968/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3483_IM-1692", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3483_IM-1692/0.png", "CXR3483_IM-1692/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2473_IM-1003", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2473_IM-1003/0.png", "CXR2473_IM-1003/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1888_IM-0576", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There are stable fractures of several XXXX XXXX. Lungs are hyperexpanded but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Degenerative changes are seen in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1888_IM-0576/0.png", "CXR1888_IM-0576/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2383_IM-0941", "report": "Stable cardiomegaly, XXXX at XXXX partially accentuated by low lung volumes. Stable XXXX sternotomy XXXX, several of which are interrupted, and mediastinal clips. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR2383_IM-0941/0.png", "CXR2383_IM-0941/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3876_IM-1967", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. There is stable mild XXXX deformity of the lower thoracic vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR3876_IM-1967/0.png", "CXR3876_IM-1967/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR575_IM-2173", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact. Stable calcified granuloma in the left lung.", "image_path": [ "CXR575_IM-2173/0.png", "CXR575_IM-2173/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR20_IM-0653", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There are no focal air space opacities. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There are mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR20_IM-0653/0.png", "CXR20_IM-0653/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2783_IM-1220", "report": "No interval change is found in the bony thorax. The heart size remains normal with an ectatic tortuous aorta. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are free of infiltrate and there is no pleural effusion. The fullness to the right hilum is again noted but this is unchanged suggesting no progression of the retrohilar nodule XXXX on the CT scan. No XXXX pulmonary nodule is found.", "image_path": [ "CXR2783_IM-1220/0.png", "CXR2783_IM-1220/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2483_IM-1012", "report": "There has been previous aortic valve replacement. Heart is towards upper limits normal for size and may be mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The skeletal structures are normal. The soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2483_IM-1012/0.png", "CXR2483_IM-1012/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1329_IM-0211", "report": "Two nodules are noted in the right XXXX XXXX measuring 13 mm and one measuring 16 mm in diameter. The smaller one appears to be within the right upper lobe and the large XXXX appears to be within the left lower lobe. No focal consolidation and no other pulmonary nodules are identified. However, if a full evaluation for lung nodules is desired consider XXXX for further evaluation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR1329_IM-0211/0.png", "CXR1329_IM-0211/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2486_IM-1014", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There are no focal infiltrates. There is prominent epipericardial fat. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Right 7th and 8th rib deformities are noted. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2486_IM-1014/0.png", "CXR2486_IM-1014/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2434_IM-0976", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is XXXX biapical scarring. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2434_IM-0976/0.png", "CXR2434_IM-0976/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3935_IM-2006", "report": "Left PICC line remains in XXXX. The tip projects over the upper SVC. It has moved outward since the previous study. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Previously present left base airspace disease has cleared. There is blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX which may represent small amount of pleural effusion or pleural reaction. Some scattered bandlike opacities are present which appear to represent scars. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "CXR3935_IM-2006/0.png", "CXR3935_IM-2006/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2997_IM-1381", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2997_IM-1381/0.png", "CXR2997_IM-1381/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR732_IM-2292-1001", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs. Mild degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR732_IM-2292-1001/0.png", "CXR732_IM-2292-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1233_IM-0157", "report": "Enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette. Low lung volumes. Relative elevation of right hemidiaphragm. XXXX left base density. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1233_IM-0157/0.png", "CXR1233_IM-0157/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR333_IM-1594", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR333_IM-1594/0.png", "CXR333_IM-1594/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2437_IM-0977", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. The pleural spaces are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2437_IM-0977/0.png", "CXR2437_IM-0977/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3011_IM-1390", "report": "Aortic atherosclerotic calcifications. Large hiatal hernia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No focal opacity. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in size and appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3011_IM-1390/0.png", "CXR3011_IM-1390/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR518_IM-2131", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour, unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX and interstitium. Lungs clear, no airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No active/acute cardiopulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR518_IM-2131/0.png", "CXR518_IM-2131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1122_IM-0080-1001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1122_IM-0080-1001/0.png", "CXR1122_IM-0080-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1384_IM-0246", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The Heart and mediastinum are normal size and shape. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1384_IM-0246/0.png", "CXR1384_IM-0246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3091_IM-1445", "report": "The heart size is mildly enlarged. The patient is post aortic valve replacement. The XXXX sternotomy XXXX are intact. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3091_IM-1445/0.png", "CXR3091_IM-1445/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1358_IM-0232", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are moderate degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. There are postsurgical clips in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR1358_IM-0232/0.png", "CXR1358_IM-0232/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR410_IM-2056", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is a mild levoscoliosis of the thoracic spine. There is mild widening of the right acromioclavicular joint which may be postsurgical or posttraumatic in XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR410_IM-2056/0.png", "CXR410_IM-2056/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR504_IM-2122", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable XXXX opacity in the left base, XXXX scarring or atelectasis. Rounded calcified density in the left lung base, XXXX calcified granuloma. No XXXX consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR504_IM-2122/0.png", "CXR504_IM-2122/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2370_IM-0931", "report": "In the interval, consolidation and atelectasis have developed in the right lower lobe. Costophrenic XXXX blunted on the right. Left lung clear. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2370_IM-0931/0.png", "CXR2370_IM-0931/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3608_IM-1781", "report": "Chest: The heart is enlarged. There may be a pericardial effusion. No definite pulmonary edema is seen. Lungs appear clear. There is no pleural effusion. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are unremarkable. KUB XXXX: XXXX single view of the abdomen was obtained. The bowel XXXX pattern is nonspecific. There is no evidence for obstruction or free intraperitoneal air. No large soft tissue masses or organomegaly are identified. The skeletal structures appear normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3608_IM-1781/0.png", "CXR3608_IM-1781/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2949_IM-1348", "report": "Scattered calcified pulmonary nodules, XXXX represents calcified granulomas. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Stable calcified hilar and mediastinal lymph XXXX, XXXX decreased in size from prior exam. Heart size is normal. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2949_IM-1348/0.png", "CXR2949_IM-1348/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1834_IM-0539", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1834_IM-0539/0.png", "CXR1834_IM-0539/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3881_IM-1969", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Right hemidiaphragm remains elevated. No pleural effusion is seen. No pneumothorax is identified. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted. Degenerative changes are present in the spine. Right XXXX-a-XXXX has been inserted since the previous study. The tip projects over the lower superior XXXX XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3881_IM-1969/0.png", "CXR3881_IM-1969/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1348_IM-0226-4004", "report": "The lungs are hypoinflated with mild basilar bronchovascular crowding/atelectasis. There is a fracture of the left anterior 7th rib and XXXX the left anterior 6th rib, of uncertain acuity. Correlate with XXXX tenderness. There is mild XXXX atelectasis in the left lung base. There is corticated deformity of the right anterior 7th rib, XXXX remote fracture. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1348_IM-0226-4004/0.png", "CXR1348_IM-0226-4004/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1596_IM-0387", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. Stable calcified granuloma left midlung. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Midline trachea.", "image_path": [ "CXR1596_IM-0387/0.png", "CXR1596_IM-0387/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2288_IM-0872", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No cavitary lesions. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2288_IM-0872/0.png", "CXR2288_IM-0872/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR925_IM-2425", "report": "Increased interstitial lung changes with superimposed pulmonary edema. Cardiomegaly. Negative for effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR925_IM-2425/0.png", "CXR925_IM-2425/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3241_IM-1534", "report": "The lungs focal airspace consolidation. There is atelectasis of the left lung base. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Cervical vertebral XXXX is partially visible at the top of the radiographs.", "image_path": [ "CXR3241_IM-1534/0.png", "CXR3241_IM-1534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3279_IM-1560", "report": "The heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3279_IM-1560/0.png", "CXR3279_IM-1560/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3678_IM-1831", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The costophrenic XXXX are blunted. The interstitial markings are slightly accentuated suggesting underlying chronic disease/emphysema. No focal consolidation is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3678_IM-1831/0.png", "CXR3678_IM-1831/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3904_IM-1983", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3904_IM-1983/0.png", "CXR3904_IM-1983/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1935_IM-0605-0001", "report": "The heart is borderline in size. The aorta is mildly tortuous. XXXX right IJ catheter is in XXXX with tip in proximal right atrium/cavoatrial junction. There is no pneumothorax. Lungs are grossly clear. There is no large effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1935_IM-0605-0001/0.png", "CXR1935_IM-0605-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3473_IM-1688", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3473_IM-1688/0.png", "CXR3473_IM-1688/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1569_IM-0372", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures show arthritic changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1569_IM-0372/0.png", "CXR1569_IM-0372/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3830_IM-1933", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3830_IM-1933/0.png", "CXR3830_IM-1933/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1366_IM-0237", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1366_IM-0237/0.png", "CXR1366_IM-0237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1217_IM-0145-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated with blunted costophrenic XXXX. No focal consolidation is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1217_IM-0145-0001/0.png", "CXR1217_IM-0145-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2006_IM-0656", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma in the right lung base. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. There are some chronic increased interstitial markings noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2006_IM-0656/0.png", "CXR2006_IM-0656/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3226_IM-1525", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3226_IM-1525/0.png", "CXR3226_IM-1525/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3347_IM-1605", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Lower lung volumes on the AP projection. Heart size is upper limits of normal, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Implantable cardiac XXXX are visualized on the lateral projection in the region of the expected location of the mitral valve XXXX. XXXX sternotomy XXXX noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3347_IM-1605/0.png", "CXR3347_IM-1605/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR18_IM-0520", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR18_IM-0520/0.png", "CXR18_IM-0520/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3544_IM-1736", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality. XXXX XXXX opacities XXXX reflecting atelectasis versus bronchovascular crowding.", "image_path": [ "CXR3544_IM-1736/0.png", "CXR3544_IM-1736/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR706_IM-2269", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size and aortic ectasia/tortuosity. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Mild bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema. Distal clavicle shortening also present on the previous exam, possibly posttraumatic or postsurgical.", "image_path": [ "CXR706_IM-2269/0.png", "CXR706_IM-2269/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1546_IM-0356", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1546_IM-0356/0.png", "CXR1546_IM-0356/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1243_IM-0165", "report": "Cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. There is left-sided XXXX central line with a XXXX lumen. Poly vasculature is within normal limits. Mediastinum is normal. Bibasilar opacity, left greater than right is appreciated. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1243_IM-0165/0.png", "CXR1243_IM-0165/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2410_IM-0956", "report": "The heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette has normal contour. The left hilar calcified lymph XXXX appear stable. There is persistence of a left lower lobe calcified nodule XXXX representing a granuloma. The lungs are hyperinflated but otherwise clear bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR2410_IM-0956/0.png", "CXR2410_IM-0956/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR407_IM-2054", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR407_IM-2054/0.png", "CXR407_IM-2054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1542_IM-0352", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The aorta is atherosclerotic. XXXX opacities are noted in the lung bases compatible with scarring or atelectasis. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1542_IM-0352/0.png", "CXR1542_IM-0352/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3401_IM-1645", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable. Stable bilateral calcified granulomas/lymph XXXX. A bullet is present in the posterior soft tissues of the left chest wall, stable compared to prior examination.", "image_path": [ "CXR3401_IM-1645/0.png", "CXR3401_IM-1645/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR890_IM-2403", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are otherwise clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR890_IM-2403/0.png", "CXR890_IM-2403/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR276_IM-1207", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR276_IM-1207/0.png", "CXR276_IM-1207/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR712_IM-2274-0001", "report": "The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. There is no focal airspace consolidation to suggest pneumonia. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR712_IM-2274-0001/0.png", "CXR712_IM-2274-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1161_IM-0107", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1161_IM-0107/0.png", "CXR1161_IM-0107/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1636_IM-0415", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR1636_IM-0415/0.png", "CXR1636_IM-0415/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3245_IM-1537", "report": "Moderate bilateral interstitial edema, with cardiomegaly and bilateral effusion consistent with moderate cardiac failure. A large calcified right mediastinal adenopathy, XXXX chronic fungal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3245_IM-1537/0.png", "CXR3245_IM-1537/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2845_IM-1254", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2845_IM-1254/0.png", "CXR2845_IM-1254/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2685_IM-1158", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear. There is mild eventration of right hemidiaphragm. No pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2685_IM-1158/0.png", "CXR2685_IM-1158/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR907_IM-2412", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There has been interval development of multiple healed left rib fractures. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR907_IM-2412/0.png", "CXR907_IM-2412/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2046_IM-0688", "report": "There is a minimally displaced fracture of the right lateral 7th rib. There is a small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis of the right lower lobe. There appears to be a healing fracture of the posterolateral right 8th rib. There is questionable cortical defect involving the sternum seen XXXX on lateral view. XXXX would be XXXX to evaluate this finding. As the small right-sided pleural effusion is visible on both PA and lateral views. There is a XXXX left-sided pleural effusion as well. The left lung appears grossly clear. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. There is a mild scoliosis involving the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2046_IM-0688/0.png", "CXR2046_IM-0688/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR459_IM-2090", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are well-inflated and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax or effusion. No acute bony abnormalities are seen. No radiopaque foreign bodies are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR459_IM-2090/0.png", "CXR459_IM-2090/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1476_IM-0308", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1476_IM-0308/0.png", "CXR1476_IM-0308/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3887_IM-1972", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal suggests possible right XXXX versus dextrocardia. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3887_IM-1972/0.png", "CXR3887_IM-1972/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1385_IM-0246", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Old healed left 5th and 6th rib fractures are seen laterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR1385_IM-0246/0.png", "CXR1385_IM-0246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1572_IM-0373", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There is redemonstration of a calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1572_IM-0373/0.png", "CXR1572_IM-0373/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3753_IM-1877", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, upper mediastinum and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no acute pulmonary consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. There is minimal left basilar atelectasis. There are small bilateral pulmonary nodules measure approximately 5 mm in size in the right midlung and left upper lung XXXX. These are not well appreciated on the lateral projection.", "image_path": [ "CXR3753_IM-1877/0.png", "CXR3753_IM-1877/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2726_IM-1186", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is within normal limits. The study is somewhat limited. No focal consolidation is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2726_IM-1186/0.png", "CXR2726_IM-1186/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3897_IM-1978", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3897_IM-1978/0.png", "CXR3897_IM-1978/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3806_IM-1916", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is grossly within normal limits. Moderate thoracolumbar scoliosis and patient rotation somewhat limits evaluation of the mediastinum. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3806_IM-1916/0.png", "CXR3806_IM-1916/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3827_IM-1932", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3827_IM-1932/0.png", "CXR3827_IM-1932/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2396_IM-0945", "report": "There are bilateral opacities most prominent in the lower lobes bilaterally. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable. There is an embolization XXXX overlying left upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR2396_IM-0945/0.png", "CXR2396_IM-0945/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1070_IM-0050", "report": "There is abnormal separation of the right XXXX XXXX. This is age-indeterminate. Corticated bony density over the lateral aspect of the clavicle may reflect sequela of old remote XXXX. The cardia mediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern are normal. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. No pulmonary edema . There is minimal endplate degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine. Partial obscuration retrosternal space due to overlying XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1070_IM-0050/0.png", "CXR1070_IM-0050/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR277_IM-1213", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Mild biapical scarring is identified. There is a nodular density in the right midlung which is stable from prior studies and noted to represent a granuloma on XXXX of XXXX. However, additional foci in the right upper lung are questioned. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR277_IM-1213/0.png", "CXR277_IM-1213/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR51_IM-2125", "report": "Heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are scattered calcified granulomas throughout both lung XXXX. Lungs are clear bilaterally otherwise. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR51_IM-2125/0.png", "CXR51_IM-2125/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2476_IM-1005", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2476_IM-1005/0.png", "CXR2476_IM-1005/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2066_IM-0701", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly. The aorta is tortuous. There is XXXX opacities noted in the right lower lobe, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. No displaced rib fractures. If there is high clinical concern, consider dedicated rib views for further evaluation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2066_IM-0701/0.png", "CXR2066_IM-0701/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR420_IM-2064", "report": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No bony abnormality. Vague density in right mid lung, XXXX related to scapular tip and superimposed ribs. Not visualized on lateral exam.", "image_path": [ "CXR420_IM-2064/0.png", "CXR420_IM-2064/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR662_IM-2238", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures and lung XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR662_IM-2238/0.png", "CXR662_IM-2238/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3469_IM-1685", "report": "Normal heart size and pulmonary vascularity. There are changes of chronic lung disease noticed by hyperinflated lungs and streaky opacities compatible with scar. Interval placement of the chest XXXX with the tip in the superior XXXX XXXX. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3469_IM-1685/0.png", "CXR3469_IM-1685/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1767_IM-0501-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Calcified right lower lobe granuloma. No focal airspace consolidation.. No visualized pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1767_IM-0501-0001/0.png", "CXR1767_IM-0501-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR227_IM-0859", "report": "Heart is enlarged. There is prominence of the central pulmonary vasculature. Mild diffuse interstitial opacities bilaterally, predominantly in the bases, with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR227_IM-0859/0.png", "CXR227_IM-0859/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2788_IM-1222", "report": "There is no focal consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiomediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. The heart size is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2788_IM-1222/0.png", "CXR2788_IM-1222/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2307_IM-0882", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hyperinflated with XXXX XXXX opacities compatible with pleural-parenchymal scarring. There is no acute infiltrate or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2307_IM-0882/0.png", "CXR2307_IM-0882/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR70_IM-2264", "report": "Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR70_IM-2264/0.png", "CXR70_IM-2264/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1638_IM-0417", "report": "Study is somewhat limited by body habitus. Cardiomegaly is noted, with central pulmonary vascular prominence and coarsened interstitial markings, suspicious for developing interstitial pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or definite effusion identified. No acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1638_IM-0417/0.png", "CXR1638_IM-0417/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1473_IM-0306", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1473_IM-0306/0.png", "CXR1473_IM-0306/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2059_IM-0696", "report": "Right lower lobe patchy opacities noted. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2059_IM-0696/0.png", "CXR2059_IM-0696/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1060_IM-0042", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Mild dextrocurvature the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1060_IM-0042/0.png", "CXR1060_IM-0042/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3465_IM-1683", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3465_IM-1683/0.png", "CXR3465_IM-1683/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1010_IM-0012", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1010_IM-0012/0.png", "CXR1010_IM-0012/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR492_IM-2112", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR492_IM-2112/0.png", "CXR492_IM-2112/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1979_IM-0637", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. There is no acute bony abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1979_IM-0637/0.png", "CXR1979_IM-0637/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR463_IM-2091", "report": "There is a approximately 4 cm opacity with one XXXX margin and the other ill-defined in the lateral lower left lung is seen on the PA view. This is not definitely seen on the lateral view. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. There are T-spine osteophytes. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are calcified hilar lymph XXXX there", "image_path": [ "CXR463_IM-2091/0.png", "CXR463_IM-2091/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR225_IM-0844", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR225_IM-0844/0.png", "CXR225_IM-0844/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2611_IM-1102", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette is grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2611_IM-1102/0.png", "CXR2611_IM-1102/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1320_IM-0207", "report": "Calcified granuloma is noted in the left upper lobe. There are low lung volumes, with bronchovascular crowding as a result. Heart size is within normal limits. Normal mediastinal contours. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace disease. No free subdiaphragmatic air. The osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1320_IM-0207/0.png", "CXR1320_IM-0207/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2328_IM-0898", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no XXXX focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Again noted is tortuosity and unfolding of the thoracic aorta. Aortic vascular calcifications. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Bone demineralization.", "image_path": [ "CXR2328_IM-0898/0.png", "CXR2328_IM-0898/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1441_IM-0285", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is within normal limits. There is retrocardiac density which XXXX corresponds to patient's known hiatal hernia. The lungs are hypoinflated. No focal consolidation is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1441_IM-0285/0.png", "CXR1441_IM-0285/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2033_IM-0678", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is near upper limits of normal in size. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. There is mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are mild degenerative endplate changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2033_IM-0678/0.png", "CXR2033_IM-0678/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1073_IM-0053", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded, with flattened diaphragms. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and stable from prior exam. There is mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1073_IM-0053/0.png", "CXR1073_IM-0053/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR817_IM-2348-0001", "report": "There are XXXX left upper lobe opacities. Lungs otherwise appear clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is as is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR817_IM-2348-0001/0.png", "CXR817_IM-2348-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR118_IM-0123", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is focal airspace disease in the right middle lobe. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR118_IM-0123/0.png", "CXR118_IM-0123/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3130_IM-1472", "report": "2 images. Heart size is enlarged, stable. Thoracic aortic atherosclerotic calcifications are present. There is XXXX dense consolidation within the retrocardiac left lower lobe. There is also patchy airspace opacity within the perihilar right lung. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3130_IM-1472/0.png", "CXR3130_IM-1472/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3374_IM-1624", "report": "Lungs are free of infiltrates. However, in the left lower lobe there is a 1 cm diameter nodule that is not calcified. The right lung is clear. The heart, XXXX, and mediastinum are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3374_IM-1624/0.png", "CXR3374_IM-1624/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2391_IM-0944", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal infiltrates. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart size. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Bony thorax intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2391_IM-0944/0.png", "CXR2391_IM-0944/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1704_IM-0464", "report": "There is blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX compatible with a moderate to large left pleural fluid collection. There are areas of airspace opacity within the left lung base which may represent atelectasis or infiltrate. Minimal bandlike atelectasis within the right lung base. Heart size is normal. Left-sided tunneled catheter terminates at the caval atrial junction. Right IJ venous catheter terminates at the proximal SVC.", "image_path": [ "CXR1704_IM-0464/0.png", "CXR1704_IM-0464/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1065_IM-0046", "report": "There has been interval CABG. Sternotomy and XXXX cerclage XXXX appear intact. No focal air space opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable, mild degenerative disc disease of the thoracic spine. Visualized bony structures are otherwise unremarkable in appearance. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR1065_IM-0046/0.png", "CXR1065_IM-0046/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR529_IM-2137", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Chronic appearing right mid clavicle injury. Visualized bony structures otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR529_IM-2137/0.png", "CXR529_IM-2137/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1267_IM-0179", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1267_IM-0179/0.png", "CXR1267_IM-0179/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2639_IM-1124", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is mild midthoracic dextroscoliosis, with the XXXX XXXX otherwise grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2639_IM-1124/0.png", "CXR2639_IM-1124/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2699_IM-1167", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. Multiple punctate round XXXX XXXX over the abdomen on the lateral view. These may reside within, or outside of the patient.", "image_path": [ "CXR2699_IM-1167/0.png", "CXR2699_IM-1167/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2407_IM-0954", "report": "Some hyperinflation appears to be present. There are small calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. The heart is normal. The mediastinum is normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2407_IM-0954/0.png", "CXR2407_IM-0954/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1381_IM-0245", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR1381_IM-0245/0.png", "CXR1381_IM-0245/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2985_IM-1373", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax demonstrate stable, mild multilevel thoracolumbar degenerative disc disease without acute abnormality. Upper abdominal midline surgical sutures are likewise stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2985_IM-1373/0.png", "CXR2985_IM-1373/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR167_IM-0441", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. An old calcified granuloma is present in the left upper lobe. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR167_IM-0441/0.png", "CXR167_IM-0441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1763_IM-0497", "report": "Heart XXXX, mediastinum, XXXX, bony structures are unremarkable. Stable increased lung volumes consistent with chronic lung disease. No XXXX infiltrates noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1763_IM-0497/0.png", "CXR1763_IM-0497/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR37_IM-1847-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacities in right mid lung. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR37_IM-1847-0001/0.png", "CXR37_IM-1847-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR254_IM-1051", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. Scattered thoracic spine spurring.", "image_path": [ "CXR254_IM-1051/0.png", "CXR254_IM-1051/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR55_IM-2154", "report": "Lung lines remain low. However, no focal infiltrates are identified. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR55_IM-2154/0.png", "CXR55_IM-2154/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1436_IM-0280", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are calcifications of the aortic XXXX. The lungs are hyperinflated with increased retrosternal airspace and flattening of hemidiaphragms. There is haziness in the right lung apex. There is a 1.7 cm nodular density in the medial right lung base seen on the frontal view, not identified on the lateral view. This may represent a vessel on end. There is no consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1436_IM-0280/0.png", "CXR1436_IM-0280/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1927_IM-0600", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are otherwise clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1927_IM-0600/0.png", "CXR1927_IM-0600/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1957_IM-0624", "report": "Bilateral pleural effusions, left small, right moderate in size, abnormal opacities in the adjacent lung bases. Limited assessment of heart size due to obscured margins, stable mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "CXR1957_IM-0624/0.png", "CXR1957_IM-0624/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2580_IM-1078", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Stable right upper lobe scarring with pleural thickening. No XXXX consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2580_IM-1078/0.png", "CXR2580_IM-1078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3637_IM-1804", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3637_IM-1804/0.png", "CXR3637_IM-1804/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1946_IM-0615", "report": "Portable frontal view of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads shows normal cardiomediastinal silhouette, central airways, pulmonary vasculature and lung volumes without focal air space consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1946_IM-0615/0.png", "CXR1946_IM-0615/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2255_IM-0847", "report": "The trachea is midline. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal and unchanged from prior examination. There are round calcific densities in the right lung consistent with prior granulomatous disease. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2255_IM-0847/0.png", "CXR2255_IM-0847/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR857_IM-2378", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR857_IM-2378/0.png", "CXR857_IM-2378/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3370_IM-1622", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3370_IM-1622/0.png", "CXR3370_IM-1622/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3703_IM-1850", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The posterior costophrenic XXXX are excluded on the lateral view. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3703_IM-1850/0.png", "CXR3703_IM-1850/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1792_IM-0515", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. There are streaky left basilar opacities and blunting of the left costophrenic sulcus XXXX secondary to a small effusion. No pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1792_IM-0515/0.png", "CXR1792_IM-0515/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2246_IM-0843", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right lung base airspace disease on frontal XXXX. XXXX opacities in the left lung base consistent with atelectasis. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild wedge XXXX deformity of T12.", "image_path": [ "CXR2246_IM-0843/0.png", "CXR2246_IM-0843/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1152_IM-0103", "report": "The heart is enlarged. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Atherosclerotic calcifications present within the thoracic aorta. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Chronic degenerative changes are noted within the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1152_IM-0103/0.png", "CXR1152_IM-0103/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2501_IM-1027", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. Lungs are hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with emphysematous change. No evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Multilevel degenerative changes of the spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2501_IM-1027/0.png", "CXR2501_IM-1027/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2012_IM-0662", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2012_IM-0662/0.png", "CXR2012_IM-0662/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR279_IM-1224-1001", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR279_IM-1224-1001/0.png", "CXR279_IM-1224-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1074_IM-0054", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Lung volumes remain low. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1074_IM-0054/0.png", "CXR1074_IM-0054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR960_IM-2451", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size within normal limits for technique, no mediastinal widening seen. No acute osseous injury XXXX demonstrated. Dextroscoliosis noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR960_IM-2451/0.png", "CXR960_IM-2451/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR819_IM-2349", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded area heart and mediastinum are normal. Incidental note XXXX of bilateral breast implants.", "image_path": [ "CXR819_IM-2349/0.png", "CXR819_IM-2349/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3410_IM-1648", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart size normal. No change calcified left hilar XXXX and left small granuloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR3410_IM-1648/0.png", "CXR3410_IM-1648/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1103_IM-0070", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is a stable calcified granuloma in the infrahilar right lung. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1103_IM-0070/0.png", "CXR1103_IM-0070/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR666_IM-2241", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. The aorta is atherosclerotic and ectatic. Chronic parenchymal changes are noted with mild scarring and/or subsegmental atelectasis in the right lung base. No focal consolidation or significant pleural effusion identified. Costophrenic XXXX are blunted.", "image_path": [ "CXR666_IM-2241/0.png", "CXR666_IM-2241/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR210_IM-0730", "report": "There are numerous surgical clips at the thoracic inlet. Small areas of XXXX scarring are seen in the left base. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR210_IM-0730/0.png", "CXR210_IM-0730/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2029_IM-0674", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2029_IM-0674/0.png", "CXR2029_IM-0674/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1000_IM-0003", "report": "There is XXXX increased opacity within the right upper lobe with possible mass and associated area of atelectasis or focal consolidation. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX opacity in the left midlung overlying the posterior left 5th rib may represent focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1000_IM-0003/0.png", "CXR1000_IM-0003/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1898_IM-0581", "report": "The aortic XXXX, cardiac apex, and stomach are left-sided. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is significantly enlarged. Pulmonary vascular markings centrally are within normal limits and symmetric. Increased interstitial markings bilaterally at the lung bases. This may be related to chronic interstitial changes or edema. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1898_IM-0581/0.png", "CXR1898_IM-0581/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2465_IM-0997", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged but stable.. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2465_IM-0997/0.png", "CXR2465_IM-0997/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1274_IM-0183", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1274_IM-0183/0.png", "CXR1274_IM-0183/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3115_IM-1463", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3115_IM-1463/0.png", "CXR3115_IM-1463/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2348_IM-0913", "report": "There is a moderate sized right pleural effusion. Severe slightly smaller than is compared to XXXX. There is a small left pleural effusion. This is unchanged as compared to the prior study. There is a right chest wall venous XXXX XXXX which appears accessed. No pneumothorax. Scaphoid abdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2348_IM-0913/0.png", "CXR2348_IM-0913/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2524_IM-1042", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2524_IM-1042/0.png", "CXR2524_IM-1042/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2282_IM-0869", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. Specifically, no evidence of rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR2282_IM-0869/0.png", "CXR2282_IM-0869/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2516_IM-1036", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. Stable mild hyperinflation, right apical pleural-parenchymal irregularities compatible with scarring. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2516_IM-1036/0.png", "CXR2516_IM-1036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3252_IM-1542", "report": "No evidence of airspace opacity. No effusion or noncalcified nodules. No evidence of pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR3252_IM-1542/0.png", "CXR3252_IM-1542/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1905_IM-0587", "report": "Enlarged cardiac contour, stable. Calcified vasculature. Sequelae of prior granulomatous disease. No confluent consolidation, pleural effusion, or overt pulmonary edema. Mild thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1905_IM-0587/0.png", "CXR1905_IM-0587/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3560_IM-1745", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3560_IM-1745/0.png", "CXR3560_IM-1745/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR688_IM-2256", "report": "KUB. Centered over the mid abdomen there are multiple air-filled dilated loops of small bowel measuring the XXXX of which measure up to about 3.7 cm in diameter. There is also an extremely dilated XXXX in the same region which measures 5.9 cm in diameter. There is extensive soft tissue pannus. Prior abdominal surgery. Chest. There is XXXX left basilar opacity. No visualized pneumothorax. The heart size is normal. There is mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. There are no large pleural effusions. There is thickening of the fissure.", "image_path": [ "CXR688_IM-2256/0.png", "CXR688_IM-2256/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2017_IM-0665", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2017_IM-0665/0.png", "CXR2017_IM-0665/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR110_IM-0067", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR110_IM-0067/0.png", "CXR110_IM-0067/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3448_IM-1671", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded. The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal airspace opacities, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. A calcific density in the left midlung zone XXXX represents old granulomatous disease. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3448_IM-1671/0.png", "CXR3448_IM-1671/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2160_IM-0778", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2160_IM-0778/0.png", "CXR2160_IM-0778/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR8_IM-2333", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is an interim XXXX cervical spinal fusion partly evaluated.", "image_path": [ "CXR8_IM-2333/0.png", "CXR8_IM-2333/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2304_IM-0882", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2304_IM-0882/0.png", "CXR2304_IM-0882/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3093_IM-1446", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. Bullae are present in the upper lobes. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3093_IM-1446/0.png", "CXR3093_IM-1446/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3644_IM-1807", "report": "Stable XXXX XXXX, including elongation of the left ventricle and tortuous thoracic aorta. Subcarinal calcified lymph XXXX. XXXX lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3644_IM-1807/0.png", "CXR3644_IM-1807/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3936_IM-2007", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3936_IM-2007/0.png", "CXR3936_IM-2007/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2218_IM-0823", "report": "The opacity at the left lung base appears stable from prior exam. There is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is stable. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but unchanged. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are again noted. There is a large amount of XXXX distending the stomach, which incidentally was also seen on prior exam of 3 years ago. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2218_IM-0823/0.png", "CXR2218_IM-0823/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3195_IM-1506-0001", "report": "There is a left base opacity. The right lung is grossly clear. Heart size is normal. Left venous catheter with tip in the right atrium. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3195_IM-1506-0001/0.png", "CXR3195_IM-1506-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1967_IM-0629", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. There has been interval development of some XXXX bandlike opacities in left base. These appear to be located in the lingula. The remainder of the lungs appear clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1967_IM-0629/0.png", "CXR1967_IM-0629/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3790_IM-1904-0001", "report": "Low lung volumes. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Patchy opacities right base again noted. Left lung clear. Heart size top normal. Aortic calcification. Granulomas. No evidence of pneumothorax. Blunting of the bilateral costophrenic XXXX. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3790_IM-1904-0001/0.png", "CXR3790_IM-1904-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2215_IM-0820", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2215_IM-0820/0.png", "CXR2215_IM-0820/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3486_IM-1695", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Mild chronic degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3486_IM-1695/0.png", "CXR3486_IM-1695/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2835_IM-1251", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2835_IM-1251/0.png", "CXR2835_IM-1251/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3970_IM-2031", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3970_IM-2031/0.png", "CXR3970_IM-2031/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2593_IM-1084", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. Stable superior mediastinal contour which is within normal limits. Bilateral interstitial prominence. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2593_IM-1084/0.png", "CXR2593_IM-1084/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR489_IM-2110", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is a within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Multiple granulomas. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR489_IM-2110/0.png", "CXR489_IM-2110/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR805_IM-2339", "report": "The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR805_IM-2339/0.png", "CXR805_IM-2339/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1195_IM-0131", "report": "Coronary artery stents visualized. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1195_IM-0131/0.png", "CXR1195_IM-0131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2195_IM-0805", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated, without evidence of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Incidental note is XXXX of an azygos fissure. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2195_IM-0805/0.png", "CXR2195_IM-0805/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2311_IM-0886", "report": "Normal cardiac size, mediastinum, and central pulmonary vasculature. Grossly clear lungs, without focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No evidence of displaced rib fractures. Normal thoracic vertebral body XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2311_IM-0886/0.png", "CXR2311_IM-0886/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR928_IM-2426", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR928_IM-2426/0.png", "CXR928_IM-2426/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR411_IM-2056", "report": "There is some minimal patchy opacity in left base which may represent atelectasis or scarring. The lungs are otherwise clear. The heart and mediastinum are normal for age. There is some arthritic changes of the skeletal structures and there has been previous rotator XXXX repair on the right.", "image_path": [ "CXR411_IM-2056/0.png", "CXR411_IM-2056/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2645_IM-1131", "report": "Surgical clips within the right upper quadrant. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2645_IM-1131/0.png", "CXR2645_IM-1131/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3478_IM-1690", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. scoliosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3478_IM-1690/0.png", "CXR3478_IM-1690/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1116_IM-0079", "report": "Cardiac size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized osseous structures appear intact. XXXX and curvilinear XXXX densities over the breast shadows compatible with piercings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1116_IM-0079/0.png", "CXR1116_IM-0079/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3044_IM-1418", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. External monitor leads XXXX the thorax. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3044_IM-1418/0.png", "CXR3044_IM-1418/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR926_IM-2425", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR926_IM-2425/0.png", "CXR926_IM-2425/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR810_IM-2343", "report": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Scattered calcified granuloma. Degenerative changes the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR810_IM-2343/0.png", "CXR810_IM-2343/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2206_IM-0815", "report": "Minimal right sided perihilar atelectasis. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2206_IM-0815/0.png", "CXR2206_IM-0815/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2643_IM-1129", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2643_IM-1129/0.png", "CXR2643_IM-1129/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2447_IM-0983", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. Calcified right hilar lymph XXXX are demonstrated. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild to moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2447_IM-0983/0.png", "CXR2447_IM-0983/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3794_IM-1908", "report": "Heart size, aortic and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. No visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. 6 mm nodular opacity overlies the left anterior 5th rib on the frontal view. No focal bony abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3794_IM-1908/0.png", "CXR3794_IM-1908/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR248_IM-1008", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact. There is a small calcified granuloma in the right midlung.", "image_path": [ "CXR248_IM-1008/0.png", "CXR248_IM-1008/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3638_IM-1804", "report": "Cardiomegaly. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Clear lung XXXX bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR3638_IM-1804/0.png", "CXR3638_IM-1804/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2844_IM-1254", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Left shoulder arthroplasty is noted. Old left rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR2844_IM-1254/0.png", "CXR2844_IM-1254/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR82_IM-2350", "report": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Left axillary surgical clips unchanged Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR82_IM-2350/0.png", "CXR82_IM-2350/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR464_IM-2092", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR464_IM-2092/0.png", "CXR464_IM-2092/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3808_IM-1918", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. Stable scattered calcified granulomas are noted. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3808_IM-1918/0.png", "CXR3808_IM-1918/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1885_IM-0574", "report": "Heart size is normal. Mediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1885_IM-0574/0.png", "CXR1885_IM-0574/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1203_IM-0137", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is XXXX patchy opacity in the left upper lobe. Possibility of tuberculosis should be excluded. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pneumothorax the lungs are hyperinflated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1203_IM-0137/0.png", "CXR1203_IM-0137/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2897_IM-1299", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2897_IM-1299/0.png", "CXR2897_IM-1299/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2795_IM-1227", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The there is a diffuse reticulonodular pattern the lungs bilaterally. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. Negative for pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR2795_IM-1227/0.png", "CXR2795_IM-1227/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3610_IM-1783", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3610_IM-1783/0.png", "CXR3610_IM-1783/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1696_IM-0457", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1696_IM-0457/0.png", "CXR1696_IM-0457/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1667_IM-0441", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. The lungs are well-expanded and clear. There is no focal airspace opacity. There is no pneumothorax or effusion. There is irregularity of the 7th posterior right rib with underlying pleural thickening.", "image_path": [ "CXR1667_IM-0441/0.png", "CXR1667_IM-0441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR590_IM-2185", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. There is right middle lobe airspace disease, may reflect atelectasis or pneumonia. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Elevated right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR590_IM-2185/0.png", "CXR590_IM-2185/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR600_IM-2192", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX/granulomas. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Old fracture, right mid clavicle.", "image_path": [ "CXR600_IM-2192/0.png", "CXR600_IM-2192/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3475_IM-1688", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3475_IM-1688/0.png", "CXR3475_IM-1688/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2112_IM-0742", "report": "There is 1.9 cm interruption of the tunneled left central venous catheter, at the level of the overlap of the clavicle and first rib. Catheter tip may be within the proximal SVC or azygos vein. Normal heart size. XXXX left perihilar and midlung densities. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2112_IM-0742/0.png", "CXR2112_IM-0742/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR784_IM-2325-1001", "report": "Normal heart size. Tortuous calcified aorta. Scattered granulomas. No lobar pneumonia. Probable XXXX post your recess effusions. Kyphotic degenerated osteopenic thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR784_IM-2325-1001/0.png", "CXR784_IM-2325-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1271_IM-0182", "report": "The heart is XXXX within normal limits in size given the low lung volumes an AP portable technique. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1271_IM-0182/0.png", "CXR1271_IM-0182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2980_IM-1370", "report": "Negative for cardiac enlargement. Negative for vascular congestion. Negative for focal confluent airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax. A few scattered calcified granulomas are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2980_IM-1370/0.png", "CXR2980_IM-1370/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2957_IM-1354", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vascularity is increased. There is again mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Air space disease and/or atelectasis is noted in right lung base. There is also XXXX streaky opacity in the left base. The costophrenic XXXX are blunted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2957_IM-1354/0.png", "CXR2957_IM-1354/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2880_IM-1284", "report": "Heart and mediastinal contour normal. Pulmonary vascularity normal. Lungs clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2880_IM-1284/0.png", "CXR2880_IM-1284/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1057_IM-0041", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No discrete nodules or adenopathy identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1057_IM-0041/0.png", "CXR1057_IM-0041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3983_IM-2039", "report": "There is a left basilar airspace opacity. Right basilar atelectasis. The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3983_IM-2039/0.png", "CXR3983_IM-2039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR297_IM-1361", "report": "Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits in size. The lungs are hypoinflated with mild bronchovascular crowding. There is mild, XXXX opacity projected over the left lung base. This is partly due to overlying soft tissues, however, there is partial obscuration of the lateral left hemidiaphragm. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative endplate changes throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR297_IM-1361/0.png", "CXR297_IM-1361/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3694_IM-1845", "report": "Interval removal of left-sided chest tube. Small residual left apical pneumothorax has increased slightly in size the prior exam, now measuring approximately 0.9 cm from the thoracic apex. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3694_IM-1845/0.png", "CXR3694_IM-1845/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR668_IM-2242", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR668_IM-2242/0.png", "CXR668_IM-2242/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3456_IM-1678", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Low lung volumes without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3456_IM-1678/0.png", "CXR3456_IM-1678/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1200_IM-0134", "report": "The heart is not enlarged. The central pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Small right juxtahilar opacity may represent infiltrate. Lungs are otherwise well aerated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1200_IM-0134/0.png", "CXR1200_IM-0134/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2708_IM-1174", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX, with a calcified right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. The lungs are well-inflated and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion. There are degenerative changes of the first costochondral joints bilaterally. No acute bony abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2708_IM-1174/0.png", "CXR2708_IM-1174/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2047_IM-0688", "report": "Large calcified granuloma in the right lower lobe is unchanged. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. No large pleural effusions. No focal airspace opacification.", "image_path": [ "CXR2047_IM-0688/0.png", "CXR2047_IM-0688/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3848_IM-1946-1001", "report": "The heart size is moderate to severely enlarged. There is prominence of the central pulmonary XXXX suggesting pulmonary artery hypertension. There has been removal of the right-sided PICC line. There is persistent left basilar airspace opacity with left costophrenic XXXX blunting which is not evident on the lateral exam. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3848_IM-1946-1001/0.png", "CXR3848_IM-1946-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3601_IM-1777", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Large hiatal hernia is present. Osteopenia and degenerative changes are present in the spine. Vascular calcification is noted. Degenerative changes are present in the right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "CXR3601_IM-1777/0.png", "CXR3601_IM-1777/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1508_IM-0330", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1508_IM-0330/0.png", "CXR1508_IM-0330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1597_IM-0388", "report": "Heart and mediastinum within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1597_IM-0388/0.png", "CXR1597_IM-0388/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1222_IM-0150", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1222_IM-0150/0.png", "CXR1222_IM-0150/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR865_IM-2385", "report": "Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. Normal mediastinal contour and pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are without focal airspace consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR865_IM-2385/0.png", "CXR865_IM-2385/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2324_IM-0895", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2324_IM-0895/0.png", "CXR2324_IM-0895/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2782_IM-1220", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2782_IM-1220/0.png", "CXR2782_IM-1220/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2252_IM-0844", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2252_IM-0844/0.png", "CXR2252_IM-0844/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1187_IM-0126", "report": "Minimally increased XXXX airspace opacities bilaterally, most prominent in the lung bases. Heart size is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1187_IM-0126/0.png", "CXR1187_IM-0126/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3089_IM-1444", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No abnormal airspace opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3089_IM-1444/0.png", "CXR3089_IM-1444/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3739_IM-1868", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. No focal airspace disease. Left upper lobe granuloma. No evidence of active tuberculosis. Stable chronic blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX. No pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3739_IM-1868/0.png", "CXR3739_IM-1868/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2925_IM-1327", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2925_IM-1327/0.png", "CXR2925_IM-1327/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR154_IM-0350", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR154_IM-0350/0.png", "CXR154_IM-0350/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1317_IM-0205", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is minimal atelectasis in the left base. No effusion or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. XXXX density foreign body present in the soft tissues overlying the left lateral chest wall. Visualized osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1317_IM-0205/0.png", "CXR1317_IM-0205/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2402_IM-0951", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. There are low lung volumes with left basilar subsegmental atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2402_IM-0951/0.png", "CXR2402_IM-0951/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR674_IM-2247", "report": "There are low lung volumes. There is bronchovascular crowding. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR674_IM-2247/0.png", "CXR674_IM-2247/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2162_IM-0779", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. The cardiac silhouette remains moderately enlarged, exaggerated by epicardial fat pads. Interstitium is XXXX prominent. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion. There is XXXX spine spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2162_IM-0779/0.png", "CXR2162_IM-0779/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR33_IM-1576", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Left axillary surgical clips. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR33_IM-1576/0.png", "CXR33_IM-1576/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1364_IM-0237", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1364_IM-0237/0.png", "CXR1364_IM-0237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3416_IM-1651-0001", "report": "Redemonstration of the left basilar patchy atelectasis, unchanged from last exam. Lungs are otherwise clear. No evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusions present. There is a focal calcified nodules in the left upper lung, stable in appearance from XXXX of XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. No suspicion bony destruction identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR3416_IM-1651-0001/0.png", "CXR3416_IM-1651-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR69_IM-2258", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR69_IM-2258/0.png", "CXR69_IM-2258/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2034_IM-0679", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. XXXX opacities in the right lower lung representing atelectasis versus scarring. Significantly decreased subcutaneous soft tissue since comparison radiograph. Probable pectus deformity. Negative for acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2034_IM-0679/0.png", "CXR2034_IM-0679/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2365_IM-0927", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2365_IM-0927/0.png", "CXR2365_IM-0927/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3013_IM-1391-0001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged and appears mildly increased in size from the XXXX study. There is normal caliber pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3013_IM-1391-0001/0.png", "CXR3013_IM-1391-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3038_IM-1411", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. There is a calcified granuloma within the left upper lobe. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There are acute mild anterior XXXX deformities identified at L1-L2. There is retropulsion of the posterior vertebral body of L1. A CT of the lumbar spine was already ordered at the time of this dictation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3038_IM-1411/0.png", "CXR3038_IM-1411/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3573_IM-1756", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mild levoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3573_IM-1756/0.png", "CXR3573_IM-1756/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR22_IM-0810", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal air space opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR22_IM-0810/0.png", "CXR22_IM-0810/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3110_IM-1460", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours are within normal limits. Normal pulmonary vasculature. The lungs are clear. No visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Elevated right hemidiaphragm. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3110_IM-1460/0.png", "CXR3110_IM-1460/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1777_IM-0509", "report": "The patient is rotated to left. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size. XXXX lucency along the left ventricular XXXX XXXX related to interface between the heart and aerated lung. Patchy right perihilar/upper lobe opacities, which abut the XXXX fissure on lateral projection. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis. No definite acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1777_IM-0509/0.png", "CXR1777_IM-0509/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR897_IM-2406", "report": "There are patchy alveolar and interstitial opacities within the lung bases bilaterally representing an infectious etiology versus chronic lung disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There are atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. There are degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR897_IM-2406/0.png", "CXR897_IM-2406/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2376_IM-0936", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours, lungs, pleura, osseous structures and visualized upper abdomen are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2376_IM-0936/0.png", "CXR2376_IM-0936/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1820_IM-0532", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1820_IM-0532/0.png", "CXR1820_IM-0532/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR804_IM-2338", "report": "Low lung volumes are noted. Allowing for technical factors the heart size is XXXX normal. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is increased bilateral predominantly perihilar interstitial opacity, XXXX consistent with pulmonary edema. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR804_IM-2338/0.png", "CXR804_IM-2338/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1315_IM-0204", "report": "Normal heart size. Normal mediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal air space opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1315_IM-0204/0.png", "CXR1315_IM-0204/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1669_IM-0441", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal air space opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There are calcifications in the aortic XXXX. There is a calcified granuloma at the left lower lung. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1669_IM-0441/0.png", "CXR1669_IM-0441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR746_IM-2300", "report": "There is stable XXXX scarring or atelectasis in the left midlung. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. The heart size is near the upper limits of normal. Mediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX T-spine osteophytes are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR746_IM-2300/0.png", "CXR746_IM-2300/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2551_IM-1058", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR2551_IM-1058/0.png", "CXR2551_IM-1058/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR548_IM-2152", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits in overall size and appearance. Central vascular markings are symmetric and within normal limits. The lungs are normally inflated with no focal airspace disease, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Stable scarring in the right lung apex.", "image_path": [ "CXR548_IM-2152/0.png", "CXR548_IM-2152/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3269_IM-1552", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3269_IM-1552/0.png", "CXR3269_IM-1552/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR946_IM-2441", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR946_IM-2441/0.png", "CXR946_IM-2441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR294_IM-1340", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are grossly clear. Underlying emphysematous changes are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR294_IM-1340/0.png", "CXR294_IM-1340/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR858_IM-2379", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. There is evidence of previous granulomatous disease. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR858_IM-2379/0.png", "CXR858_IM-2379/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2960_IM-1354", "report": "Normal cardiac contours. Clear lung XXXX bilaterally. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2960_IM-1354/0.png", "CXR2960_IM-1354/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3433_IM-1662", "report": "Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3433_IM-1662/0.png", "CXR3433_IM-1662/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2453_IM-0988", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2453_IM-0988/0.png", "CXR2453_IM-0988/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR287_IM-1276", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are stable. Normal pulmonary vascularity. No overt edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR287_IM-1276/0.png", "CXR287_IM-1276/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1402_IM-0257", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1402_IM-0257/0.png", "CXR1402_IM-0257/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3951_IM-2019", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Masslike opacification of right apex. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. XXXX are grossly normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3951_IM-2019/0.png", "CXR3951_IM-2019/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR639_IM-2218", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR639_IM-2218/0.png", "CXR639_IM-2218/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1456_IM-0294", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1456_IM-0294/0.png", "CXR1456_IM-0294/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR581_IM-2178", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR581_IM-2178/0.png", "CXR581_IM-2178/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1518_IM-0335", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities are identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1518_IM-0335/0.png", "CXR1518_IM-0335/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2591_IM-1083", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2591_IM-1083/0.png", "CXR2591_IM-1083/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR650_IM-2228", "report": "Rotated examination. Tortuous aorta. Moderate right-sided pleural effusion, small left sided. No pneumothorax. Mixed nodular interstitial opacities distributed through bilateral lungs, right greater than left. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is mildly enlarged. Obliquely oriented left humeral neck fracture, transverse, with 5 mm displacement of the distal fragment. Limited evaluation of the aorto iliac stent. No cavitary lesion to suggest. active tuberculosis. Large hiatal hernia.", "image_path": [ "CXR650_IM-2228/0.png", "CXR650_IM-2228/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1747_IM-0490", "report": "There is an ovoid opacity 3.5 cm in the retrocardiac area on AP view, not well-seen on the lateral view, a dedicated XXXX scan is recommended. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion present. The heart is normal in size. No hilar lymphadenopathy. No destructive bony lesions.", "image_path": [ "CXR1747_IM-0490/0.png", "CXR1747_IM-0490/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1795_IM-0516", "report": "There is moderate cardiomegaly. No interstitial edema or pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax. There is mild degenerative disc disease of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1795_IM-0516/0.png", "CXR1795_IM-0516/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3424_IM-1656", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. There are multiple calcified granulomas within the left lower lobe. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR3424_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3424_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1208_IM-0141", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal air space opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact with mild degenerative changes in thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1208_IM-0141/0.png", "CXR1208_IM-0141/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR582_IM-2179", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR582_IM-2179/0.png", "CXR582_IM-2179/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1893_IM-0580", "report": "Mildly low lung volumes. Lungs are clear without focal air space disease. Persistent mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1893_IM-0580/0.png", "CXR1893_IM-0580/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1826_IM-0535", "report": "The central airway is midline and is XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is no focal lung consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax seen. The osseous structures appear within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1826_IM-0535/0.png", "CXR1826_IM-0535/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1310_IM-0202", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1310_IM-0202/0.png", "CXR1310_IM-0202/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3701_IM-1848", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3701_IM-1848/0.png", "CXR3701_IM-1848/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3656_IM-1817", "report": "Heart size borderline enlarged. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. No focal airspace disease. Low lung volumes. Nodular densities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease. Bony structures appear intact. Mild degenerative disease of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3656_IM-1817/0.png", "CXR3656_IM-1817/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2813_IM-1239", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusion. Mild degenerative change in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2813_IM-1239/0.png", "CXR2813_IM-1239/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1677_IM-0446", "report": "The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no focal air space opacity, pneumothorax, or effusion. The bony structures of the thorax are intact with no evidence of acute abnormality. .", "image_path": [ "CXR1677_IM-0446/0.png", "CXR1677_IM-0446/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1244_IM-0166", "report": "Redemonstration of colonic interposition overlying the mediastinum. There are increased bibasilar airspace opacities, left greater than right. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1244_IM-0166/0.png", "CXR1244_IM-0166/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR90_IM-2407", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR90_IM-2407/0.png", "CXR90_IM-2407/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR462_IM-2090", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Mild unfolding of the thoracic aorta. No focal air space opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR462_IM-2090/0.png", "CXR462_IM-2090/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2725_IM-1186", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Emphysematous changes are present. The lungs are free of active disease. Deformed right ribs. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2725_IM-1186/0.png", "CXR2725_IM-1186/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3709_IM-1852", "report": "The mediastinal silhouette is widened with overlying sternotomy XXXX. The heart size is normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of effusion, infiltrate or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact with no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3709_IM-1852/0.png", "CXR3709_IM-1852/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR846_IM-2368-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appears normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Callus or granulomas identified. Left XXXX-A-XXXX remains in XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR846_IM-2368-0001/0.png", "CXR846_IM-2368-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1032_IM-0026-1001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are calcifications projecting of the left midlung, unchanged from prior, this is is XXXX sequela of prior granulomatous disease. There are small T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1032_IM-0026-1001/0.png", "CXR1032_IM-0026-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1022_IM-0017", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. No change in the small calcified right upper lobe nodule. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1022_IM-0017/0.png", "CXR1022_IM-0017/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1512_IM-0332", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. The mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1512_IM-0332/0.png", "CXR1512_IM-0332/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR409_IM-2055", "report": "Redemonstration of interstitial opacities, consistent with patient's history of pulmonary fibrosis. Unchanged calcified granulomas at the left greater than right hilum, and in the pretracheal region. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. Cardiomediastinal size is the upper limits of normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR409_IM-2055/0.png", "CXR409_IM-2055/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1079_IM-0056", "report": "There are low lung volumes. The heart size and upper mediastinum have a normal appearance. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is minimal right basilar atelectasis. There is no large effusion or pneumothorax. The osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1079_IM-0056/0.png", "CXR1079_IM-0056/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3216_IM-1520", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3216_IM-1520/0.png", "CXR3216_IM-1520/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2127_IM-0751", "report": "Changes post bilateral thoracotomy and XXXX sternotomy. Intact XXXX XXXX. Stable position of the epicardial XXXX XXXX. Mild cardiomegaly. The lungs are clear. Bilateral small pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2127_IM-0751/0.png", "CXR2127_IM-0751/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2132_IM-0755", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Stable granuloma in the left lower lung zone. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2132_IM-0755/0.png", "CXR2132_IM-0755/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3272_IM-1553", "report": "Lung volumes remain XXXX. XXXX opacities are present in both lower lobes. Old rib fractures and pleural thickening are present on the right. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3272_IM-1553/0.png", "CXR3272_IM-1553/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1867_IM-0560", "report": "Cardiomegaly and tortuous calcified thoracic aorta are unchanged. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Minimal streaky bibasilar opacities. Blunted left costophrenic XXXX. Bony demineralization. Degenerative changes of the spine. Verterbroplasty change near the thoracolumbar junction. Upper abdominal surgical changes. Chronic appearing deformity of the proximal right humerus. Old right rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR1867_IM-0560/0.png", "CXR1867_IM-0560/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR317_IM-1493", "report": "Normal heart size. Normal mediastinal silhouette. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No suspicious focal air space opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR317_IM-1493/0.png", "CXR317_IM-1493/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2299_IM-0878", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Peripheral right basilar calcified granuloma. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Apparent nodular opacity on lateral projection, immediately retrocardiac, is XXXX to represent confluence of overlapping silhouettes. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2299_IM-0878/0.png", "CXR2299_IM-0878/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1719_IM-0474", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. No focal consolidations, effusions, or pneumothoraces. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1719_IM-0474/0.png", "CXR1719_IM-0474/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR989_IM-2475", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Prior cholecystectomy", "image_path": [ "CXR989_IM-2475/0.png", "CXR989_IM-2475/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1868_IM-0561", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity normal. There is a small right pleural effusion. There is infrahilar interstitial prominence which may represent bronchovascular crowding lung. Small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1868_IM-0561/0.png", "CXR1868_IM-0561/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1417_IM-0266", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are increased lucencies in the bilateral apices along with horizontal oblique scarring in the left upper lobe. This could suggest emphysematous bullae. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1417_IM-0266/0.png", "CXR1417_IM-0266/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2553_IM-1059", "report": "There are several small calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2553_IM-1059/0.png", "CXR2553_IM-1059/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1019_IM-0015", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. There is blunting of the right lateral costophrenic sulcus which could be secondary to a small effusion versus scarring. No focal airspace consolidation or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1019_IM-0015/0.png", "CXR1019_IM-0015/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3597_IM-1775", "report": "Left XXXX XXXX noted with tip approximating the high SVC, stable. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal limits. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3597_IM-1775/0.png", "CXR3597_IM-1775/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3568_IM-1753", "report": "The heart size is normal with stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are stable calcified right peritracheal lymph XXXX. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3568_IM-1753/0.png", "CXR3568_IM-1753/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1355_IM-0230", "report": "Low lung volumes with streaky bibasilar opacities, right greater than left. Bronchovascular crowding, indistinct central vascular margination. No findings to suggest pleural effusion. Accounting for technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1355_IM-0230/0.png", "CXR1355_IM-0230/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR5_IM-2117", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Cholecystectomy clips are present. Small T-spine osteophytes. There is biapical pleural thickening, unchanged from prior. Mildly hyperexpanded lungs.", "image_path": [ "CXR5_IM-2117/0.png", "CXR5_IM-2117/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2647_IM-1132", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. XXXX foreign body in the posterior soft tissues appear stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2647_IM-1132/0.png", "CXR2647_IM-1132/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2245_IM-0842", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2245_IM-0842/0.png", "CXR2245_IM-0842/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1153_IM-0104", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1153_IM-0104/0.png", "CXR1153_IM-0104/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1660_IM-0436", "report": "There are low lung volumes. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1660_IM-0436/0.png", "CXR1660_IM-0436/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3504_IM-1707", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3504_IM-1707/0.png", "CXR3504_IM-1707/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3138_IM-1476", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no evidence of tuberculous disease. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3138_IM-1476/0.png", "CXR3138_IM-1476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR513_IM-2128", "report": "There is prominence of the right heart XXXX, consistent with right atrial enlargement. A XXXX density is demonstrated on the frontal view with exaggerated posterior projection of the cardiac silhouette, suggesting left atrial enlargement. The cardiac silhouette is overall enlarged. The mediastinal contours are otherwise within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild pulmonary hyperexpansion. Mild left apical pleural thickening. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. 19/33.", "image_path": [ "CXR513_IM-2128/0.png", "CXR513_IM-2128/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1852_IM-0554", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1852_IM-0554/0.png", "CXR1852_IM-0554/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR14_IM-0256", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. Mild hyperinflation appears similar to prior. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings, no typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR14_IM-0256/0.png", "CXR14_IM-0256/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1342_IM-0221", "report": "Mildly hyperinflated lungs with flattened posterior diaphragm. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Heart size within normal limits. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1342_IM-0221/0.png", "CXR1342_IM-0221/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1841_IM-0545", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1841_IM-0545/0.png", "CXR1841_IM-0545/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR906_IM-2411", "report": "Heart size mildly enlarged, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR906_IM-2411/0.png", "CXR906_IM-2411/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR685_IM-2254", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal and unchanged compared to prior examination. Tubular densities overlying the heart XXXX are XXXX coronary artery stents. There are small round calcific densities in the bilateral lobes which are unchanged from prior exam and XXXX represent sequelae from old granulomatous disease. Otherwise lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. Lateral view reveals mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR685_IM-2254/0.png", "CXR685_IM-2254/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR57_IM-2170-1001", "report": "The tracheostomy tube tip is 5 cm above the carina. There are prominent diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities, stable from prior radiographs. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR57_IM-2170-1001/0.png", "CXR57_IM-2170-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1345_IM-0223", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1345_IM-0223/0.png", "CXR1345_IM-0223/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3132_IM-1473", "report": "The XXXX and soft tissue appear normal. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are normal. The aortic XXXX is on the left. The trachea is well seen and appears normal. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3132_IM-1473/0.png", "CXR3132_IM-1473/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1521_IM-0337", "report": "Three images are available for review. The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1521_IM-0337/0.png", "CXR1521_IM-0337/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR999_IM-2480", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR999_IM-2480/0.png", "CXR999_IM-2480/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1567_IM-0370", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX XXXX opacity in left midlung. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1567_IM-0370/0.png", "CXR1567_IM-0370/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3131_IM-1473", "report": "No focal consolidation. No visualized pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3131_IM-1473/0.png", "CXR3131_IM-1473/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR976_IM-2464", "report": "Lung volumes are low. No infiltrates in the lungs. No pleural air collections. Sternotomy sutures and bypass graft markers are present. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR976_IM-2464/0.png", "CXR976_IM-2464/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR948_IM-2443", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR948_IM-2443/0.png", "CXR948_IM-2443/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2377_IM-0937", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2377_IM-0937/0.png", "CXR2377_IM-0937/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3291_IM-1572", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3291_IM-1572/0.png", "CXR3291_IM-1572/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1254_IM-0172", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1254_IM-0172/0.png", "CXR1254_IM-0172/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2360_IM-0925", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2360_IM-0925/0.png", "CXR2360_IM-0925/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR341_IM-1648", "report": "Two-view chest. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Right foot. Hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot XXXX are intact with no fractures or bone destruction.", "image_path": [ "CXR341_IM-1648/0.png", "CXR341_IM-1648/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3583_IM-1762", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3583_IM-1762/0.png", "CXR3583_IM-1762/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3158_IM-1487", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. The pulmonary vascularity appears within normal limits. Some scattered XXXX opacities are present whose appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis. No focal airspace disease is seen. No pleural effusion is noted. No pneumothorax is identified. The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. Scoliosis is present involving the lumbar spine. There has been previous surgical resection of the left 6th rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR3158_IM-1487/0.png", "CXR3158_IM-1487/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR9_IM-2407", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. There has been apparent interval increase in low density convexity at the left cardiophrenic XXXX. Calcified granuloma is again seen in the right upper lobe. There is no consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR9_IM-2407/0.png", "CXR9_IM-2407/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2857_IM-1264", "report": "There are XXXX sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal surgical clips XXXX secondary to a CABG procedure. Small T-spine osteophytes. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are cholecystectomy clips. There is eventration of right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2857_IM-1264/0.png", "CXR2857_IM-1264/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR347_IM-1686", "report": "Cardiac And Mediastinal Contours Are Unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable. There are some minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Evidence of chronic granulomatous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR347_IM-1686/0.png", "CXR347_IM-1686/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR233_IM-0899", "report": "Atrial septal occluder artifact. Rotated frontal position, overall heart size within normal limits, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. XXXX densities in the left base, small focal XXXX opacity in the right base with focal posterior right hemidiaphragm elevation and obscured right costophrenic XXXX. Biapical pleuroparenchymal irregularities most compatible with scarring, chronic appearing right 5th rib contour deformity. No pneumothorax seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR233_IM-0899/0.png", "CXR233_IM-0899/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR644_IM-2223", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR644_IM-2223/0.png", "CXR644_IM-2223/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR63_IM-2210-0001", "report": "Stable flattening of the posterior diaphragm and scattered chronic appearing irregular interstitial markings with no focal alveolar consolidation. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size and aortic ectasia/tortuosity, stable mediastinal contours. No definite pleural effusion seen, no typical findings of pulmonary edema. Following spine ossifications and marginal osteophytes again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR63_IM-2210-0001/0.png", "CXR63_IM-2210-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR271_IM-1176", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR271_IM-1176/0.png", "CXR271_IM-1176/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3697_IM-1846", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. There are extensive fibrotic changes in the right lung with rightward shift of the trachea, similar to the previous exam. The left lung is well-aerated without focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. There is left apical pleural-parenchymal scarring. No acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3697_IM-1846/0.png", "CXR3697_IM-1846/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR25_IM-1024", "report": "The heart is within normal limits in size. Surgical suture material projects over the right lung apex. The lungs are hyperlucent and hyperinflated compatible with emphysema. There is left lower lobe airspace disease identified. There is moderate left pleural effusion and small right pleural effusion. No visualized pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR25_IM-1024/0.png", "CXR25_IM-1024/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2356_IM-0920", "report": "Low lung volumes. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable", "image_path": [ "CXR2356_IM-0920/0.png", "CXR2356_IM-0920/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3877_IM-1967", "report": "Compared to prior chest radiograph from XXXX, there has been removal of right-sided tunneled dialysis catheter. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits for size and contour. Mildly increased atherosclerotic calcifications of the thoracic aorta. 1.0 cm nodular opacity in the left midlung is stable compared to prior examination from XXXX. No XXXX nodules, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax identified. There are XXXX bilateral pleural effusions posteriorly. There is mild central pulmonary vascular congestion without XXXX pulmonary edema. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3877_IM-1967/0.png", "CXR3877_IM-1967/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1620_IM-0402", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear without areas of focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX lucency under the right hemidiaphragm may represent a focus of free air.", "image_path": [ "CXR1620_IM-0402/0.png", "CXR1620_IM-0402/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1378_IM-0242", "report": "Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. The lungs are clear bilaterally without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1378_IM-0242/0.png", "CXR1378_IM-0242/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR465_IM-2093-0001", "report": "Normal cardiomediastinal contours. Right lower lung patchy opacities. Small right pneumothorax. Small right pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR465_IM-2093-0001/0.png", "CXR465_IM-2093-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1760_IM-0497", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Small area of platelike atelectasis in left mid lung. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Soft tissue and bony structures unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1760_IM-0497/0.png", "CXR1760_IM-0497/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2932_IM-1335", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour and unchanged in comparison to prior exams. The lungs are clear with no evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2932_IM-1335/0.png", "CXR2932_IM-1335/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2384_IM-0942", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. A large hiatal hernia is noted. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2384_IM-0942/0.png", "CXR2384_IM-0942/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR824_IM-2354", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. Calcified granulomas. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR824_IM-2354/0.png", "CXR824_IM-2354/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2091_IM-0722", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. XXXX XXXX of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2091_IM-0722/0.png", "CXR2091_IM-0722/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2315_IM-0889", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. There is calcified granuloma in the left lingula. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2315_IM-0889/0.png", "CXR2315_IM-0889/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR959_IM-2449", "report": "The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. There is minimal patchy right lower lobe airspace disease identified. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR959_IM-2449/0.png", "CXR959_IM-2449/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR921_IM-2423", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and aeration of the lungs. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR921_IM-2423/0.png", "CXR921_IM-2423/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR257_IM-1072", "report": "Midline sternotomy XXXX identified. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are grossly normal. Airspace opacity in posterior segment on the lateral view. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR257_IM-1072/0.png", "CXR257_IM-1072/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3539_IM-1731", "report": "Normal heart size. The lungs are clear without pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The trachea is midline and XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3539_IM-1731/0.png", "CXR3539_IM-1731/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR682_IM-2253", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Surgical clips and suture material are noted in the right hilar region suggesting prior lung surgery. The mediastinal contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR682_IM-2253/0.png", "CXR682_IM-2253/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR358_IM-1759", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limbus vertebra noted within the partial visualized lumbar vertebral body.", "image_path": [ "CXR358_IM-1759/0.png", "CXR358_IM-1759/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2962_IM-1355", "report": "Stable mild thoracic levoscoliosis. Stable cardiomegaly. Multiple scattered round calcific densities XXXX represent old granulomatous disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No focal consolidation. Moderate degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2962_IM-1355/0.png", "CXR2962_IM-1355/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3256_IM-1543", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly. Mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. There are small bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right with left basilar opacities. No pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3256_IM-1543/0.png", "CXR3256_IM-1543/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3528_IM-1725", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3528_IM-1725/0.png", "CXR3528_IM-1725/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR975_IM-2464", "report": "Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within this. There is no opacity. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Hyperlucent right apex with hyperinflation consistent with emphysematous changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR975_IM-2464/0.png", "CXR975_IM-2464/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2416_IM-0961", "report": "The outside x-XXXX is normal except for slight cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "CXR2416_IM-0961/0.png", "CXR2416_IM-0961/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3037_IM-1410", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3037_IM-1410/0.png", "CXR3037_IM-1410/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1295_IM-0194", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Mild degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1295_IM-0194/0.png", "CXR1295_IM-0194/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1758_IM-0495", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is mild prominence of the superior mediastinum which is somewhat lucent and XXXX reflects mediastinal and vascular structures. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1758_IM-0495/0.png", "CXR1758_IM-0495/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1272_IM-0183", "report": "There are scattered calcified granulomas. The lungs are otherwise clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour. Right humeral internal fixation XXXX is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1272_IM-0183/0.png", "CXR1272_IM-0183/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3606_IM-1781", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3606_IM-1781/0.png", "CXR3606_IM-1781/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR609_IM-2197", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX XXXX are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR609_IM-2197/0.png", "CXR609_IM-2197/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR258_IM-1078", "report": "Overall hyperexpanded lungs with flattening of the diaphragms consistent with obstructive lung disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR258_IM-1078/0.png", "CXR258_IM-1078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1556_IM-0363", "report": "Heart size appears upper limits of normal. Tortuous aorta. Otherwise normal mediastinum. Confluent and XXXX opacities seen within the left base. There are no visible nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR1556_IM-0363/0.png", "CXR1556_IM-0363/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1154_IM-0104", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. Degenerative this disease within the spine. Prosthetic right shoulder. Possible XXXX body in the axillary recess of the left shoulder. Degenerative left glenohumeral osteoarthritis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1154_IM-0104/0.png", "CXR1154_IM-0104/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR361_IM-1783", "report": "Lungs remain clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR361_IM-1783/0.png", "CXR361_IM-1783/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2807_IM-1237", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2807_IM-1237/0.png", "CXR2807_IM-1237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3211_IM-1517-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There appear to be small bilateral pleural effusions. The heart is not grossly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Increased kyphosis is seen in the may be a thoracic XXXX deformity that is not well-characterized. Arthritic changes are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR3211_IM-1517-1001/0.png", "CXR3211_IM-1517-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1744_IM-0489", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal silhouette are unremarkable. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. XXXX and soft tissue are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1744_IM-0489/0.png", "CXR1744_IM-0489/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3103_IM-1454", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable and unremarkable. Stable eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. There is redemonstration without significant interval change of mild subsegmental atelectasis of the left base. Pneumonia seen on CT examination dated XXXX, XXXX (not seen on prior chest x-XXXX) is not seen either on XXXX chest x-XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3103_IM-1454/0.png", "CXR3103_IM-1454/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2720_IM-1182", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2720_IM-1182/0.png", "CXR2720_IM-1182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR990_IM-2476", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR990_IM-2476/0.png", "CXR990_IM-2476/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2264_IM-0854", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Low lung volumes. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2264_IM-0854/0.png", "CXR2264_IM-0854/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1459_IM-0297", "report": "No stable cardiomegaly, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable right basilar calcified granuloma. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1459_IM-0297/0.png", "CXR1459_IM-0297/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3389_IM-1634", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3389_IM-1634/0.png", "CXR3389_IM-1634/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3946_IM-2015", "report": "There are no focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3946_IM-2015/0.png", "CXR3946_IM-2015/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2625_IM-1112-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vasculature are normal. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax large effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2625_IM-1112-0001/0.png", "CXR2625_IM-1112-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1970_IM-0632", "report": "Apparent cardiomegaly XXXX at XXXX partially accentuated by low lung volumes. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Right base calcified granuloma. Stable right infrahilar nodular density (lateral view). Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1970_IM-0632/0.png", "CXR1970_IM-0632/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2887_IM-1289", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. There are a few XXXX opacities in the lung bases bilaterally. No definitive pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Displaced fracture of the mid one-third of the right clavicle.", "image_path": [ "CXR2887_IM-1289/0.png", "CXR2887_IM-1289/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR965_IM-2455", "report": "The lungs appear clear. Heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. There appears to the contrast XXXX within small colonic diverticula in the splenic flexure region.", "image_path": [ "CXR965_IM-2455/0.png", "CXR965_IM-2455/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2341_IM-0907", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2341_IM-0907/0.png", "CXR2341_IM-0907/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR54_IM-2145", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Minimal right basilar subsegmental atelectasis noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Tortuosity of the thoracic aorta noted. Scattered calcified granulomas are seen without evidence of active granulomatous/tuberculous process. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR54_IM-2145/0.png", "CXR54_IM-2145/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2514_IM-1036", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. there are residuals of prior granulomatous infection. Lungs otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2514_IM-1036/0.png", "CXR2514_IM-1036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1099_IM-0067", "report": "There are changes of XXXX sternotomy and CABG. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1099_IM-0067/0.png", "CXR1099_IM-0067/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1864_IM-0558", "report": "Heart size borderline enlarged. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Dense nodule in the right lower lobe suggests a previous granulomatous process.", "image_path": [ "CXR1864_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR1864_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1213_IM-0144", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest with overlying external cardiac monitor leads show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1213_IM-0144/0.png", "CXR1213_IM-0144/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR974_IM-2463", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Mild congestion without edema. Lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Redemonstrated are endplate depressions of the vertebral bodies, compatible with XXXX cell changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR974_IM-2463/0.png", "CXR974_IM-2463/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3492_IM-1698", "report": "The lungs remain hyperexpanded. No masses or infiltrates in the lungs. No pleural or mediastinal air collections. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3492_IM-1698/0.png", "CXR3492_IM-1698/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR616_IM-2200", "report": "There are broken 1st and 3rd-5XXXX XXXX XXXX. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vasculatures are within normal limits. Left-sided aortic XXXX. Central airways are XXXX. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Left hemidiaphragm is mildly elevated. Interposition of the colon in the left upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR616_IM-2200/0.png", "CXR616_IM-2200/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3345_IM-1603", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3345_IM-1603/0.png", "CXR3345_IM-1603/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1545_IM-0355", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No pneumothorax. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1545_IM-0355/0.png", "CXR1545_IM-0355/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1121_IM-0080", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures show several old rib fractures unchanged in the prior study on the left.", "image_path": [ "CXR1121_IM-0080/0.png", "CXR1121_IM-0080/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR365_IM-1812", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR365_IM-1812/0.png", "CXR365_IM-1812/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2710_IM-1177", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2710_IM-1177/0.png", "CXR2710_IM-1177/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR80_IM-2333", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR80_IM-2333/0.png", "CXR80_IM-2333/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2950_IM-1348", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2950_IM-1348/0.png", "CXR2950_IM-1348/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2739_IM-1193", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2739_IM-1193/0.png", "CXR2739_IM-1193/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2065_IM-0701", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Changes of right mastectomy. Sequelae of prior granulomatous disease. Mild thoracic spine degenerative change", "image_path": [ "CXR2065_IM-0701/0.png", "CXR2065_IM-0701/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR72_IM-2280", "report": "Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Bony thorax and soft tissues grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR72_IM-2280/0.png", "CXR72_IM-2280/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2021_IM-0668", "report": "Stable borderline cardiomegaly, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2021_IM-0668/0.png", "CXR2021_IM-0668/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1985_IM-0642", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1985_IM-0642/0.png", "CXR1985_IM-0642/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2364_IM-0927", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is hyperexpansion of the lungs suggesting underlying emphysema. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2364_IM-0927/0.png", "CXR2364_IM-0927/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3236_IM-1533", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR3236_IM-1533/0.png", "CXR3236_IM-1533/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1214_IM-0144", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is a focal area of scarring or XXXX atelectasis identified in the lingula. The lungs are otherwise clear without focal infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1214_IM-0144/0.png", "CXR1214_IM-0144/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1383_IM-0245", "report": "There is significant interval decrease in right middle and right lower lobe opacification. Persistent small right pleural effusion and XXXX XXXX atelectasis. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1383_IM-0245/0.png", "CXR1383_IM-0245/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR160_IM-0390", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is patchy infiltrate within normal right lower lobe. Mild XXXX opacities in the retrocardiac region. No large effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR160_IM-0390/0.png", "CXR160_IM-0390/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR997_IM-2479", "report": "Calcified mediastinal XXXX. No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR997_IM-2479/0.png", "CXR997_IM-2479/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2093_IM-0723", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. A right-sided Mediport catheter is noted. No pleural effusion is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2093_IM-0723/0.png", "CXR2093_IM-0723/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3865_IM-1958", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are grossly clear. Bilateral rib deformities are noted, possibly old fractures. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3865_IM-1958/0.png", "CXR3865_IM-1958/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3547_IM-1739", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3547_IM-1739/0.png", "CXR3547_IM-1739/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR676_IM-2248", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR676_IM-2248/0.png", "CXR676_IM-2248/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3352_IM-1608", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR3352_IM-1608/0.png", "CXR3352_IM-1608/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2048_IM-0688", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Stable right lower lobe calcified granulomas. Thin XXXX lingular scar, unchanged. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Surgical clips are visualized in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR2048_IM-0688/0.png", "CXR2048_IM-0688/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2562_IM-1065", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes and bronchovascular crowding. Mild bibasilar opacities, XXXX atelectasis. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Stable degenerative change throughout the thoracic spine. Stable thoracolumbar retrolisthesis. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2562_IM-1065/0.png", "CXR2562_IM-1065/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1686_IM-0450", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. No change calcified aorticopulmonary XXXX node.", "image_path": [ "CXR1686_IM-0450/0.png", "CXR1686_IM-0450/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2568_IM-1070", "report": "XXXX XXXX sternotomy XXXX appear intact. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. There is no focal lung opacity. Clips overlie the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR2568_IM-1070/0.png", "CXR2568_IM-1070/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1151_IM-0102", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate the cardiomediastinal silhouette normal. There is normal distribution of the pulmonary vascularity. The lungs are clear. No effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1151_IM-0102/0.png", "CXR1151_IM-0102/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3835_IM-1938", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. There is widening adjacent to the right paratracheal stripe, most XXXX represents the SVC with rotated position. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3835_IM-1938/0.png", "CXR3835_IM-1938/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1889_IM-0577", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Elevated right hemidiaphragm. XXXX atelectasis in the right lung base. No focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1889_IM-0577/0.png", "CXR1889_IM-0577/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR207_IM-0703", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR207_IM-0703/0.png", "CXR207_IM-0703/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1902_IM-0586", "report": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax, pleural effusions or significant pulmonary edema. No focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1902_IM-0586/0.png", "CXR1902_IM-0586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1058_IM-0041", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Innumerable bilateral lung nodules are present. These are seen diffusely throughout both lungs. No superimposed focal airspace disease is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. Scoliosis is present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1058_IM-0041/0.png", "CXR1058_IM-0041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3932_IM-2004", "report": "The cardiac silhouette mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no definite focal infiltrate. There is no large pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3932_IM-2004/0.png", "CXR3932_IM-2004/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3693_IM-1844", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. The previously seen right upper lobe mass lesion is not seen in XXXX study. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3693_IM-1844/0.png", "CXR3693_IM-1844/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3275_IM-1556", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3275_IM-1556/0.png", "CXR3275_IM-1556/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR129_IM-0189", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR129_IM-0189/0.png", "CXR129_IM-0189/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2466_IM-0997", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2466_IM-0997/0.png", "CXR2466_IM-0997/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR161_IM-0394", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Scattered XXXX of left base atelectasis are noted. Left XXXX-a-XXXX is in XXXX with the tip projecting over the caval atrial junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR161_IM-0394/0.png", "CXR161_IM-0394/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3069_IM-1432", "report": "Right upper lobe airspace disease consistent with pneumonia given patient's history. The lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3069_IM-1432/0.png", "CXR3069_IM-1432/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1363_IM-0236-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Negative for effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace consolidation. The lungs are normally aerated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1363_IM-0236-0001/0.png", "CXR1363_IM-0236-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3989_IM-2042", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Right hemidiaphragm eventration noted. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3989_IM-2042/0.png", "CXR3989_IM-2042/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2058_IM-0696", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated but clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2058_IM-0696/0.png", "CXR2058_IM-0696/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2938_IM-1339", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2938_IM-1339/0.png", "CXR2938_IM-1339/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1506_IM-0330", "report": "There is interval placement of a XXXX on the left chest with the catheter tip in the cavoatrial junction. The heart size is within normal limits. Lung volumes within normal limits. Slightly prominent pulmonary vascularity noted. Increased peribronchial cuffing. No large consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is subpleural edema outlining the right XXXX fissure.", "image_path": [ "CXR1506_IM-0330/0.png", "CXR1506_IM-0330/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR440_IM-2078", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Emphysematous changes. Focal pleural thickening in the left apex is XXXX scarring. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aortic XXXX. There is no focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR440_IM-2078/0.png", "CXR440_IM-2078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1551_IM-0359", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR1551_IM-0359/0.png", "CXR1551_IM-0359/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR808_IM-2341", "report": "Overall low lung lines. There is scarring or subsegmental atelectasis at the right lung base. In the left lower lobe there is airspace disease consistent with pneumonia. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinum are stable given the lung volumes. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR808_IM-2341/0.png", "CXR808_IM-2341/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1212_IM-0143", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1212_IM-0143/0.png", "CXR1212_IM-0143/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3537_IM-1730", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3537_IM-1730/0.png", "CXR3537_IM-1730/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3262_IM-1548", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3262_IM-1548/0.png", "CXR3262_IM-1548/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1266_IM-0179", "report": "The lungs are clear. There are calcified granulomas. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1266_IM-0179/0.png", "CXR1266_IM-0179/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1999_IM-0651", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1999_IM-0651/0.png", "CXR1999_IM-0651/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR165_IM-0427", "report": "There is some minimal biapical scarring. A calcified granuloma is present in the right middle lobe. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR165_IM-0427/0.png", "CXR165_IM-0427/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1822_IM-0533", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. No focal air space disease. Prominent hilar XXXX. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1822_IM-0533/0.png", "CXR1822_IM-0533/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1656_IM-0431", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1656_IM-0431/0.png", "CXR1656_IM-0431/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2684_IM-1157", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. A calcified granuloma is identified in the peripheral aspect of the left lower lobe. Calcified lymph XXXX are identified in left hilar region. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative endplate changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2684_IM-1157/0.png", "CXR2684_IM-1157/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3761_IM-1883", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lungs are normally inflated and clear. Mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3761_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR3761_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3096_IM-1448", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Prominent right paratracheal soft tissue density. Rounded mass in the right middle lobe measures approximately 4.6 cm x 3.7 cm. There is mild surrounding airspace disease and/or atelectasis. No pleural effusions noted. The visualized bony thorax appears grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3096_IM-1448/0.png", "CXR3096_IM-1448/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3179_IM-1499", "report": "The cardiac silhouette measures near upper limits of normal in size. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. There is stable eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3179_IM-1499/0.png", "CXR3179_IM-1499/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3043_IM-1417", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are normal. The lungs are clear. There is mild blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX. There is no infiltrate, mass or pneumothorax. The right internal jugular catheter has been removed.", "image_path": [ "CXR3043_IM-1417/0.png", "CXR3043_IM-1417/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3342_IM-1603", "report": "The patchy right lower lobe and left lower lobe interstitial infiltrates are largely unchanged in the interval. No XXXX infiltrates. Heart size remains large. Tracheostomy tube remains in the trachea. A right central line has its tip at the superior XXXX XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3342_IM-1603/0.png", "CXR3342_IM-1603/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1599_IM-0389", "report": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Atherosclerotic calcifications identified within the aortic XXXX. The lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Flowing thoracic spine osteophytes noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1599_IM-0389/0.png", "CXR1599_IM-0389/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1706_IM-0466", "report": "Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are low lung volumes. There is no focal opacities. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1706_IM-0466/0.png", "CXR1706_IM-0466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR707_IM-2270", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR707_IM-2270/0.png", "CXR707_IM-2270/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR443_IM-2078", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. Degenerative changes of thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR443_IM-2078/0.png", "CXR443_IM-2078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1863_IM-0558", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. Tortuous aorta. Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1863_IM-0558/0.png", "CXR1863_IM-0558/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2632_IM-1119", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2632_IM-1119/0.png", "CXR2632_IM-1119/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2884_IM-1286", "report": "The postoperative cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable and upper limits of normal in size. There are XXXX sternotomy XXXX and surgical clips compatible with prior CABG. There is at XXXX one left-sided coronary artery stent. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2884_IM-1286/0.png", "CXR2884_IM-1286/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2565_IM-1068", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The aorta is tortuous. The lungs are hypoinflated. No focal consolidation or pleural effusion seen. Old right-sided rib fracture is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2565_IM-1068/0.png", "CXR2565_IM-1068/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR185_IM-0551", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated. Increased XXXX opacities on lateral projection XXXX reflect bronchovascular crowding. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR185_IM-0551/0.png", "CXR185_IM-0551/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3732_IM-1866", "report": "Calcified left hilar lymph node. Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3732_IM-1866/0.png", "CXR3732_IM-1866/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3590_IM-1769", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3590_IM-1769/0.png", "CXR3590_IM-1769/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3439_IM-1664", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3439_IM-1664/0.png", "CXR3439_IM-1664/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1461_IM-0299", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1461_IM-0299/0.png", "CXR1461_IM-0299/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2863_IM-1271", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2863_IM-1271/0.png", "CXR2863_IM-1271/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2358_IM-0922-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2358_IM-0922-0001/0.png", "CXR2358_IM-0922-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR525_IM-2136", "report": "No focal consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Exaggerated kyphosis with increased AP dimension of the thorax, curvilinear density projected over the right anterior 3rd and 4th ribs beyond which lung markings are seen XXXX skin fold artifact. Mild aortic ectasia/tortuosity, no typical mediastinal widening to suggest vascular injury. Contour irregularity of the lateral right 9th rib of indeterminate age.", "image_path": [ "CXR525_IM-2136/0.png", "CXR525_IM-2136/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3795_IM-1909", "report": "2 images. Moderate thoracic dextroscoliosis, similar to prior imaging. Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidation is seen within the lungs. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3795_IM-1909/0.png", "CXR3795_IM-1909/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR958_IM-2449", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR958_IM-2449/0.png", "CXR958_IM-2449/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3662_IM-1821", "report": "Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. Bilateral calcified hilar/perihilar lymph XXXX. Left lateral lung calcified granuloma. Lungs are grossly clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3662_IM-1821/0.png", "CXR3662_IM-1821/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1589_IM-0382", "report": "The lungs are hyperinflated with mildly coarsened interstitial markings consistent with chronic lung disease. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. The mediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits for size. There is redemonstration without significant change in right hilar calcified lymph XXXX. The bony structures of the thorax demonstrate degenerative changes of the right shoulder and a XXXX right humerus consistent with distal humeral amputation. No acute bony abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1589_IM-0382/0.png", "CXR1589_IM-0382/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3420_IM-1656", "report": "Clear lungs. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3420_IM-1656/0.png", "CXR3420_IM-1656/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1748_IM-0490", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1748_IM-0490/0.png", "CXR1748_IM-0490/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3259_IM-1545", "report": "There is a large calcified granuloma in the right apex. Mild patchy opacities are seen in the upper lung zones bilaterally similar to prior studies. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Scoliosis and arthritic changes of the spine are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR3259_IM-1545/0.png", "CXR3259_IM-1545/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR314_IM-1477", "report": "Low lung volumes. Normal heart size. The trachea is midline. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR314_IM-1477/0.png", "CXR314_IM-1477/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2981_IM-1371", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Mild dextro curvature of the lower thoracic spine, this may be positional. Visualized bony structures are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2981_IM-1371/0.png", "CXR2981_IM-1371/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1091_IM-0062", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1091_IM-0062/0.png", "CXR1091_IM-0062/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR479_IM-2102", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR479_IM-2102/0.png", "CXR479_IM-2102/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3954_IM-2021", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3954_IM-2021/0.png", "CXR3954_IM-2021/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1808_IM-0524", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinum size are within normal limits. There is no pulmonary edema. There is no focal consolidation. There are no XXXX of a pleural effusion. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Multilevel flowing anterior thoracic spine osteophytes, which could represent changes of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).", "image_path": [ "CXR1808_IM-0524/0.png", "CXR1808_IM-0524/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1306_IM-0200", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. There are diminished lung volumes. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. XXXX scoliosis is unchanged. Visualized upper abdomen is grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1306_IM-0200/0.png", "CXR1306_IM-0200/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR416_IM-2059", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR416_IM-2059/0.png", "CXR416_IM-2059/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR468_IM-2096", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. There is a XXXX 10 XXXX nodule in the right apex projecting between the third and fourth posterior ribs. Lungs are hyperexpanded. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Scattered XXXX densities throughout the chest from prior gunshot wound. Chronic blunting of the costophrenic XXXX. Healed right 10th and left 9th posterolateral rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR468_IM-2096/0.png", "CXR468_IM-2096/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3299_IM-1575", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. Otherwise the lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3299_IM-1575/0.png", "CXR3299_IM-1575/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2236_IM-0833", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, mediastinum, and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated.", "image_path": [ "CXR2236_IM-0833/0.png", "CXR2236_IM-0833/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR558_IM-2158-0001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are a few scattered calcified granulomas. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR558_IM-2158-0001/0.png", "CXR558_IM-2158-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2564_IM-1067", "report": "Normal cardiac size and contour unremarkable mediastinal silhouette. Lungs clear, no airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No active/acute cardiopulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR2564_IM-1067/0.png", "CXR2564_IM-1067/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2225_IM-0829", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR2225_IM-0829/0.png", "CXR2225_IM-0829/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR472_IM-2100", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable postoperative and degenerative changes of the XXXX. Stable degenerative disc disease of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR472_IM-2100/0.png", "CXR472_IM-2100/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3285_IM-1566", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3285_IM-1566/0.png", "CXR3285_IM-1566/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR861_IM-2382", "report": "Stable appearance of the right aortic XXXX. Normal heart size. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or suspicious focal airspace opacity.", "image_path": [ "CXR861_IM-2382/0.png", "CXR861_IM-2382/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2793_IM-1226", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Hyperexpanded lungs without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2793_IM-1226/0.png", "CXR2793_IM-1226/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3742_IM-1869", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3742_IM-1869/0.png", "CXR3742_IM-1869/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1411_IM-0261-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1411_IM-0261-0001/0.png", "CXR1411_IM-0261-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1978_IM-0636", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Cholecystectomy clips are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1978_IM-0636/0.png", "CXR1978_IM-0636/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1980_IM-0637", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1980_IM-0637/0.png", "CXR1980_IM-0637/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR246_IM-0992", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR246_IM-0992/0.png", "CXR246_IM-0992/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2644_IM-1130", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. Costophrenic XXXX are XXXX. There is increased kyphotic curvature of the thoracic spine. Within the heart XXXX, there is a small area of oval-shaped density measuring 2.2 x 1.6 cm without correction for magnification. There is a calcified lymph node in the right hilum. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2644_IM-1130/0.png", "CXR2644_IM-1130/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR750_IM-2304", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. Mild degenerative change is seen within the midthoracic spine. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR750_IM-2304/0.png", "CXR750_IM-2304/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3895_IM-1977", "report": "There are scattered XXXX opacities in the left lower lobe. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. There is prominence of the right and left hilum XXXX representing enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3895_IM-1977/0.png", "CXR3895_IM-1977/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR310_IM-1451-0001", "report": "Chest. The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable. Thoracic spine. The XXXX examination consists of frontal, lateral and swimmers lateral radiographs of the thoracic spine. There is no evidence of fracture or malalignment. The vertebral body XXXX and disc spaces are maintained. Sternum. The XXXX examination consists of 2 oblique and one lateral radiograph of the sternum. No displaced XXXX fracture demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR310_IM-1451-0001/0.png", "CXR310_IM-1451-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3239_IM-1534", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3239_IM-1534/0.png", "CXR3239_IM-1534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3128_IM-1471", "report": "Calcified left hilar lymph XXXX XXXX from prior granulomatous disease. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size. Pulmonary vasculature is within normal limits. No focal consolidations, effusions, or pneumothoraces. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3128_IM-1471/0.png", "CXR3128_IM-1471/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2149_IM-0768-0001", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Minimal osteophytes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures. A calcified granuloma is demonstrated in the left upper lobe.", "image_path": [ "CXR2149_IM-0768-0001/0.png", "CXR2149_IM-0768-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR259_IM-1083", "report": "The heart and cardiomediastinal silhouette or normal in size and contour. There is no focal air space opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR259_IM-1083/0.png", "CXR259_IM-1083/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2929_IM-1331", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but grossly clear. Significant degenerative changes of the XXXX are again noted bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR2929_IM-1331/0.png", "CXR2929_IM-1331/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR655_IM-2231", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR655_IM-2231/0.png", "CXR655_IM-2231/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2597_IM-1087", "report": "The mediastinal and hilar lymph XXXX are less prominent than previously. Heart size remains normal. Lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2597_IM-1087/0.png", "CXR2597_IM-1087/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2808_IM-1238", "report": "Sequelae of old granulomatous disease. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR2808_IM-1238/0.png", "CXR2808_IM-1238/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1951_IM-0619", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR1951_IM-0619/0.png", "CXR1951_IM-0619/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR849_IM-2371", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are free of any focal airspace disease. In the left lung base, there is a 9 mm nodule that not definitively calcified. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR849_IM-2371/0.png", "CXR849_IM-2371/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2677_IM-1151", "report": "Heart size normal. Mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. A bullet is noted in the soft tissues of the inferior right chest wall. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2677_IM-1151/0.png", "CXR2677_IM-1151/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3781_IM-1897", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality. A right humeral intramedullary XXXX is noted incidentally, without evidence of XXXX complicating features.", "image_path": [ "CXR3781_IM-1897/0.png", "CXR3781_IM-1897/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2968_IM-1360", "report": "Right paratracheal stripe is denser and XXXX than normal. The XXXX are normal. Heart size normal. Lungs clear and expanded with no infiltrates.", "image_path": [ "CXR2968_IM-1360/0.png", "CXR2968_IM-1360/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR125_IM-0169", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. XXXX sternotomy changes are again noted. The lungs are clear of focal infiltrates. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR125_IM-0169/0.png", "CXR125_IM-0169/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2704_IM-1171", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show an unchanged cardiomediastinal silhouette. The aorta is unfolded. There is left base streaky opacity due to XXXX scarring or discoid atelectasis. There is a midright lung small calcified granuloma. There are small nodular opacities projecting over the right base in the right costophrenic sulcus, posterior right 9th rib and the anterior T10 vertebral body. No XXXX focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2704_IM-1171/0.png", "CXR2704_IM-1171/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1370_IM-0239", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is mild haziness in the right lung and left base, which could represent infiltrate. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Stable XXXX deformity of a midthoracic vertebra.", "image_path": [ "CXR1370_IM-0239/0.png", "CXR1370_IM-0239/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR10_IM-0002", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Stable calcified granuloma within the right upper lung. No acute bone abnormality..", "image_path": [ "CXR10_IM-0002/0.png", "CXR10_IM-0002/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1797_IM-0517", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Small T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1797_IM-0517/0.png", "CXR1797_IM-0517/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3373_IM-1623", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3373_IM-1623/0.png", "CXR3373_IM-1623/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1184_IM-0124", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Low lung volumes on the AP view with bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1184_IM-0124/0.png", "CXR1184_IM-0124/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR552_IM-2155", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are T-spine osteophytes. XXXX calcified granuloma in the right apex.", "image_path": [ "CXR552_IM-2155/0.png", "CXR552_IM-2155/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3612_IM-1785", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Calcified right paratracheal lymph XXXX are seen. Aorta is atherosclerotic. The lungs are mildly hypoinflated without focal consolidation. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3612_IM-1785/0.png", "CXR3612_IM-1785/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1529_IM-0342-0001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is within normal limits. Right paratracheal density is stable from prior radiographs and may reflect tortuous vasculature. There is aortic atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. Surgical clips are noted in the region of the left breast. There is mild diaphragm eventration.", "image_path": [ "CXR1529_IM-0342-0001/0.png", "CXR1529_IM-0342-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2276_IM-0863-1001", "report": "This radiograph was XXXX available for my interpretation at XXXX hours XXXX/XXXX. There are low lung volumes with associated bronchovascular crowding and basilar subsegmental atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR2276_IM-0863-1001/0.png", "CXR2276_IM-0863-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2963_IM-1356", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2963_IM-1356/0.png", "CXR2963_IM-1356/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1051_IM-0039", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "CXR1051_IM-0039/0.png", "CXR1051_IM-0039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2334_IM-0902", "report": "No acute osseous abnormality. Scattered degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours. Scattered bilateral granulomas. Patchy left basal airspace opacity. Bilateral small effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2334_IM-0902/0.png", "CXR2334_IM-0902/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2036_IM-0680", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. Lung volumes are low with asymmetric elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. There is platelike atelectasis in the right midlung along with bibasilar airspace disease, either atelectasis or infiltrate. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2036_IM-0680/0.png", "CXR2036_IM-0680/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2615_IM-1106", "report": "Moderate cardiomegaly. Mild bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting and fissural thickening, interstitial opacities greatest in the central lungs and bases with indistinct vascular margination. Dense right lower lobe nodule and right hilar calcifications suggest a previous granulomatous process.", "image_path": [ "CXR2615_IM-1106/0.png", "CXR2615_IM-1106/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3677_IM-1830", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Aorta is tortuous. Remainder of the cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Lungs are clear bilaterally without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3677_IM-1830/0.png", "CXR3677_IM-1830/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3119_IM-1466", "report": "Heart size is normal. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3119_IM-1466/0.png", "CXR3119_IM-1466/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR728_IM-2287", "report": "In the interval, a 2 cm diameter nodule has developed in the posterior segment of the left lower lobe. It is not calcified. No other infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. XXXX are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR728_IM-2287/0.png", "CXR728_IM-2287/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR836_IM-2360", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal supine and lateral radiographs of the chest. Frontal view is lordotic in projection. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits for supine film. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. There is a calcified granuloma at the left lung base. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR836_IM-2360/0.png", "CXR836_IM-2360/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR228_IM-0866", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Visualized osseous structures appear intact. Surgical XXXX is noted in the right upper quadrant. Subcutaneous emphysema seen along the neck bilaterally, right lateral upper abdomen, and left chest.", "image_path": [ "CXR228_IM-0866/0.png", "CXR228_IM-0866/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR982_IM-2470", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are postoperative changes of cervical spine fusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR982_IM-2470/0.png", "CXR982_IM-2470/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR698_IM-2263", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR698_IM-2263/0.png", "CXR698_IM-2263/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1782_IM-0510", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Prior granulomatous disease. Elevated right diaphragm. The lungs are clear. XXXX degenerative spondylosis. There appears to be a mildly displaced fracture of the mid right clavicle.", "image_path": [ "CXR1782_IM-0510/0.png", "CXR1782_IM-0510/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1500_IM-0326", "report": "Normal heart size. Aortic calcification. Granulomatous nodule left midlung, stable. No acute pulmonary abnormalities. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1500_IM-0326/0.png", "CXR1500_IM-0326/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3102_IM-1454", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3102_IM-1454/0.png", "CXR3102_IM-1454/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2974_IM-1364", "report": "Postsurgical changes are noted in the mediastinum. There is tortuosity and/or ectasia of the thoracic and upper abdominal aorta. No consolidative airspace opacities. Blunting of the lateral and posterior left costophrenic sulcus may represent residual postsurgical effusion or pleural-parenchymal scarring. No demonstrable pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits. Multilevel anterior osteophytes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2974_IM-1364/0.png", "CXR2974_IM-1364/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3545_IM-1737", "report": "XXXX opacities in the lung bases are slightly worse XXXX compared to prior study. Lung volumes are low. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX are normal. There no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. The patient is status post XXXX sternotomy. There calcifications of the thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR3545_IM-1737/0.png", "CXR3545_IM-1737/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1112_IM-0078", "report": "There is widening of the mediastinum. There is moderate cardiomegaly identified. The central pulmonary XXXX appear enlarged. Correlate for pulmonary vascular congestion. No focal infiltrate. No large effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1112_IM-0078/0.png", "CXR1112_IM-0078/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR370_IM-1848", "report": "Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR370_IM-1848/0.png", "CXR370_IM-1848/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3632_IM-1799", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. XXXX opacities in the left lung base, XXXX atelectasis. The lateral view shows a XXXX left pleural effusion. No focal airspace consolidation. No pneumothorax. Stable bilateral apical pleural capping.", "image_path": [ "CXR3632_IM-1799/0.png", "CXR3632_IM-1799/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3787_IM-1900", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3787_IM-1900/0.png", "CXR3787_IM-1900/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1558_IM-0365", "report": "Low lung volumes. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. Lungs are clear airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. XXXX XXXX are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1558_IM-0365/0.png", "CXR1558_IM-0365/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2321_IM-0894", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2321_IM-0894/0.png", "CXR2321_IM-0894/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1042_IM-0034", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age.", "image_path": [ "CXR1042_IM-0034/0.png", "CXR1042_IM-0034/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3412_IM-1650-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pneumonia. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours appear normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule.", "image_path": [ "CXR3412_IM-1650-1001/0.png", "CXR3412_IM-1650-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR780_IM-2323", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal. Mediastinal contours and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There is no focal infiltrate or suspicious pulmonary opacity. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There is a lucency along the peripheral right lung base, XXXX secondary to a skin fold. No acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR780_IM-2323/0.png", "CXR780_IM-2323/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1354_IM-0230", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lung volumes are low with bronchovascular crowding. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1354_IM-0230/0.png", "CXR1354_IM-0230/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1648_IM-0425-0001", "report": "The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is identified. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1648_IM-0425-0001/0.png", "CXR1648_IM-0425-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2763_IM-1209", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is mild prominence of the interstitial markings which are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR2763_IM-1209/0.png", "CXR2763_IM-1209/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2144_IM-0765", "report": "Stable calcified hilar XXXX and granulomas. Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2144_IM-0765/0.png", "CXR2144_IM-0765/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1033_IM-0027", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Lung volumes are low with central bronchovascular crowding and patchy basilar atelectasis.. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1033_IM-0027/0.png", "CXR1033_IM-0027/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1525_IM-0340", "report": "4 images. There is a large hydropneumothorax within the left chest. There is essentially complete collapse of the left lung. Within the right lung, there are increased interstitial opacities within the medial right lung base and right upper lobe, with patchy airspace opacity within the right lung apex. At the right lung apex, there is a more focal ovoid lucency which measures approximately 1.3 cm. This could indicate cavitation. Left-sided cardiomediastinal contours are obscured by collapse of the left lung. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1525_IM-0340/0.png", "CXR1525_IM-0340/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR593_IM-2186", "report": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Extensive degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Mildly enlarged heart. Tortuous aorta. Aortic calcifications. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR593_IM-2186/0.png", "CXR593_IM-2186/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1626_IM-0407", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There are numerous bilateral pulmonary nodules of varying sizes. The largest is noted in the left lower lobe, posteriorly measuring approximately 7.0 cm. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are appreciated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1626_IM-0407/0.png", "CXR1626_IM-0407/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1775_IM-0508", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1775_IM-0508/0.png", "CXR1775_IM-0508/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR133_IM-0212", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR133_IM-0212/0.png", "CXR133_IM-0212/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3072_IM-1433", "report": "Left-sided medication injection XXXX has its tip projecting at the cavoatrial junction. The trachea is midline. Extensive bilateral bronchiectasis, cystic changes, and scarring represents sequela from the patient's cystic fibrosis. No evidence of focal pulmonary infiltrate or pleural effusion. No large pneumothorax has developed in the interim. The overlying bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3072_IM-1433/0.png", "CXR3072_IM-1433/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1352_IM-0229", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is stable XXXX scarring in the right upper lobe. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no XXXX focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1352_IM-0229/0.png", "CXR1352_IM-0229/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3075_IM-1436", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Lung volumes are low. There is no focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits. There is no free air under the diaphragm. There is a mild amount of XXXX seen in the transverse colon.", "image_path": [ "CXR3075_IM-1436/0.png", "CXR3075_IM-1436/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1994_IM-0651", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1994_IM-0651/0.png", "CXR1994_IM-0651/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1577_IM-0375", "report": "Heart size is normal. Low lung volumes. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1577_IM-0375/0.png", "CXR1577_IM-0375/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR820_IM-2351", "report": "There are T-spine osteophytes. Small nodule projecting near the left heart XXXX is unchanged from XXXX and appears calcified. This XXXX represents a calcified granuloma. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR820_IM-2351/0.png", "CXR820_IM-2351/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2216_IM-0821", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. No focal airspace consolidation. There is mild elevation right hemidiaphragm. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes along the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2216_IM-0821/0.png", "CXR2216_IM-0821/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3307_IM-1582", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and configuration. Pulmonary vasculature within normal limits. The lungs are well-aerated. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR3307_IM-1582/0.png", "CXR3307_IM-1582/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1483_IM-0313", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous.", "image_path": [ "CXR1483_IM-0313/0.png", "CXR1483_IM-0313/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2659_IM-1140", "report": "No focal lung consolidation. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. Osseous structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2659_IM-1140/0.png", "CXR2659_IM-1140/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1937_IM-0607", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1937_IM-0607/0.png", "CXR1937_IM-0607/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2629_IM-1116", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2629_IM-1116/0.png", "CXR2629_IM-1116/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1743_IM-0489", "report": "Considering differences in technical factors XXXX stable cardiomegaly and stable mediastinal contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1743_IM-0489/0.png", "CXR1743_IM-0489/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR834_IM-2359", "report": "The cardiac silhouette pulmonary vascularity are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes are present in the XXXX spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR834_IM-2359/0.png", "CXR834_IM-2359/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2295_IM-0876", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2295_IM-0876/0.png", "CXR2295_IM-0876/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3762_IM-1883", "report": "Heart size, mediastinal contour, and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is identified. Calcified left coronary arteries noted. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3762_IM-1883/0.png", "CXR3762_IM-1883/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR675_IM-2247", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Cardiac valve replacement. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR675_IM-2247/0.png", "CXR675_IM-2247/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3807_IM-1917", "report": "There are stable postoperative changes of left thoracotomy and left upper lobectomy. The lungs are clear. No focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Normal heart size and mediastinal contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3807_IM-1917/0.png", "CXR3807_IM-1917/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3327_IM-1593", "report": "There is enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. There is a focal opacity within the right upper lung. There is dense calcification of the thoracic aorta. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3327_IM-1593/0.png", "CXR3327_IM-1593/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR236_IM-0924", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR236_IM-0924/0.png", "CXR236_IM-0924/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR838_IM-2362", "report": "Stable prominence of the cardiac apex, XXXX from ventricular hypertrophy. Mid sternotomy XXXX again noted. No pneumothorax, significant pulmonary edema or large pleural effusions. No focal lung consolidation. Clips in the right upper quadrant consistent with cholecystectomy. Dextroscoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR838_IM-2362/0.png", "CXR838_IM-2362/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1087_IM-0060", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the left upper lobe. Lungs otherwise are believed to be clear. The heart is normal. There are calcified left hilar and mediastinal lymph XXXX. The skeletal structures show some senescent changes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1087_IM-0060/0.png", "CXR1087_IM-0060/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3833_IM-1936", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion identified. Stable blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX XXXX due to pleural thickening/sclerosis. Redemonstration and stable appearance of bilateral calcified granulomas/lymph XXXX. Changes in the lungs consistent with COPD/emphysema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette stable and unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Opacity in the left apex consistent with radiation change seen on prior CT.", "image_path": [ "CXR3833_IM-1936/0.png", "CXR3833_IM-1936/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2817_IM-1241", "report": "Evaluation is limited due to obscuration by the patient's arm on the lateral view. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. Pulmonary vascular is unremarkable. XXXX are chronic, coarse interstitial lung markings. Peripheral opacity along the right mid lung XXXX reflects scar or a small amount of loculated pleural fluid or thickening. Otherwise negative for focal airspace disease or consolidation. Hyperlucent lungs with apical XXXX. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX to be grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2817_IM-1241/0.png", "CXR2817_IM-1241/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR911_IM-2417", "report": "Heart size within normal limits and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear bilaterally. No focal consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR911_IM-2417/0.png", "CXR911_IM-2417/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR651_IM-2229", "report": "Heart size is XXXX within normal limits. There are surgical clips in the left mediastinum. There is no pneumothorax. There is a small left pleural effusion. Abnormal convexity within the mediastinum XXXX represents adenopathy which is better demonstrated on the prior XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR651_IM-2229/0.png", "CXR651_IM-2229/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1257_IM-0174", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Hypoinflation of the lungs. Right basilar XXXX opacity may represent atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Sclerosis of the humeral XXXX bilateral, XXXX from prior AVN. Sclerotic vertebral body endplates with central depression. Calcifications in the right hemiabdomen may represent calcified gallstones.", "image_path": [ "CXR1257_IM-0174/0.png", "CXR1257_IM-0174/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2368_IM-0928", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2368_IM-0928/0.png", "CXR2368_IM-0928/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3202_IM-1513", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multiple healed posterior left rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR3202_IM-1513/0.png", "CXR3202_IM-1513/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR142_IM-0267", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are stable and within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR142_IM-0267/0.png", "CXR142_IM-0267/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1511_IM-0331", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1511_IM-0331/0.png", "CXR1511_IM-0331/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1075_IM-0054", "report": "Lungs are hyperinflated with interstitial changes of severe emphysema. There is an ill-defined pleural parenchymal opacity in the left upper lobe. This may represent scarring but is incompletely evaluated on the outside study, without coronal and sagittal reformats. There is mild XXXX scarring and/or atelectasis in the lung bases. Lungs otherwise grossly clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. There are mild degenerative endplate changes in the thoracic spine. There is generalized osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "CXR1075_IM-0054/0.png", "CXR1075_IM-0054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR844_IM-2367", "report": "No pleural effusion no pneumothorax. Normal cardiac contour. No focal consolidation. Lungs clear bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "CXR844_IM-2367/0.png", "CXR844_IM-2367/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR116_IM-0107", "report": "Stable postsurgical changes. Heart XXXX, mediastinum and lung XXXX are unremarkable. Stable calcified small granuloma in left base.", "image_path": [ "CXR116_IM-0107/0.png", "CXR116_IM-0107/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3117_IM-1465", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs and costophrenic XXXX are clear. The bony thorax is grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3117_IM-1465/0.png", "CXR3117_IM-1465/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR801_IM-2335", "report": "Heart is normal in size. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute or destructive bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR801_IM-2335/0.png", "CXR801_IM-2335/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR964_IM-2454", "report": "In the interval, the heart size has become normal. Pulmonary XXXX are normal. Lungs are clear and expanded.", "image_path": [ "CXR964_IM-2454/0.png", "CXR964_IM-2454/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1992_IM-0649", "report": "Borderline heart size. The lungs are hyperexpanded and hyperlucent compatible with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There are no XXXX focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are unchanged. Aortic vascular calcifications. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Bone demineralization.", "image_path": [ "CXR1992_IM-0649/0.png", "CXR1992_IM-0649/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR42_IM-2063", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of focal infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR42_IM-2063/0.png", "CXR42_IM-2063/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3726_IM-1862", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3726_IM-1862/0.png", "CXR3726_IM-1862/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1416_IM-0265", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal for size. Stable, mild prominence of the bilateral hilar regions. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. Stable XXXX opacity in the left XXXX, XXXX representing a scar. No pleural effusion. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. No acute, displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR1416_IM-0265/0.png", "CXR1416_IM-0265/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3004_IM-1388", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. And scattered calcified granulomas. Left greater than right basilar opacity, probable atelectasis and/or scarring. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3004_IM-1388/0.png", "CXR3004_IM-1388/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1415_IM-0264", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1415_IM-0264/0.png", "CXR1415_IM-0264/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2908_IM-1312", "report": "Heart size is upper limits of normal but stable. Mediastinal contours are within normal limits.. Chronically increased interstitial markings without focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2908_IM-1312/0.png", "CXR2908_IM-1312/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3398_IM-1642", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Chronic appearing interstitial marking. Right upper lobe granuloma, stable The lungs are normally inflated and clear. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3398_IM-1642/0.png", "CXR3398_IM-1642/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1768_IM-0502", "report": "There is minimal scarring in the lung apices. The lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There is dextrocurvature within the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1768_IM-0502/0.png", "CXR1768_IM-0502/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2110_IM-0741", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2110_IM-0741/0.png", "CXR2110_IM-0741/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR7_IM-2263", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. XXXX basilar atelectasis. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Lower cervical XXXX arthritis.", "image_path": [ "CXR7_IM-2263/0.png", "CXR7_IM-2263/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR471_IM-2099", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Mild pectus excavatum deformity is noted. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR471_IM-2099/0.png", "CXR471_IM-2099/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3529_IM-1725", "report": "Status post midline sternotomy with intact XXXX XXXX. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Normal lung vascularity. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3529_IM-1725/0.png", "CXR3529_IM-1725/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3480_IM-1691", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Cholecystectomy clips are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR3480_IM-1691/0.png", "CXR3480_IM-1691/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1647_IM-0424", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1647_IM-0424/0.png", "CXR1647_IM-0424/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR41_IM-2055", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance. No interval change in the diffuse increased bilateral pulmonary interstitial markings, greatest in the peripheral aspect of the left lung and left lung base. These opacities appear slightly increased as compared to prior examination. Mild left-sided volume loss redemonstrated, unchanged. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR41_IM-2055/0.png", "CXR41_IM-2055/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1587_IM-0381", "report": "PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within limits. Postoperative changes from spinal rods are demonstrated. There is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Multiple colonic loops are demonstrated in the left upper quadrant. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Left humeral head is positioned anterior and inferior to the glenoid, concerning for anterior shoulder subluxation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1587_IM-0381/0.png", "CXR1587_IM-0381/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1813_IM-0526", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Lung volumes are low normal. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1813_IM-0526/0.png", "CXR1813_IM-0526/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2038_IM-0682", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2038_IM-0682/0.png", "CXR2038_IM-0682/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3479_IM-1690", "report": "Soft tissue neck. The airway is XXXX. No laryngeal edema. Laryngeal XXXX intact. Cervical spine intact. Chest. The heart is large. Diffuse parahilar and alveolar consolidations are present. Bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting is present.", "image_path": [ "CXR3479_IM-1690/0.png", "CXR3479_IM-1690/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2185_IM-0795", "report": "There are low lung volumes with bibasilar opacities XXXX representing subsegmental atelectasis. The cardio the cardiac silhouette is of the XXXX of normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2185_IM-0795/0.png", "CXR2185_IM-0795/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR585_IM-2181", "report": "There are prominent epicardial fat pads, unchanged from prior. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There is atherosclerosis of the aortic XXXX. Unchanged streaky opacities in the bilateral costophrenic sulci XXXX represent chronic scarring or atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR585_IM-2181/0.png", "CXR585_IM-2181/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2131_IM-0755", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear, without evidence of focal consolidations or pleural effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2131_IM-0755/0.png", "CXR2131_IM-0755/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2829_IM-1247", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2829_IM-1247/0.png", "CXR2829_IM-1247/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2627_IM-1114", "report": "Postsurgical changes of the right chest. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2627_IM-1114/0.png", "CXR2627_IM-1114/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3670_IM-1826", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is mild biapical pleural thickening which is smooth. There is evidence of previous anterior cervical spine fusion. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3670_IM-1826/0.png", "CXR3670_IM-1826/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR220_IM-0811", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Left-sided chest XXXX is again visualized with tip at cavoatrial junction. There is no pneumothorax. Numerous bilateral pulmonary nodules have increased in size and number XXXX compared to prior study. The dominant nodule/mass in the left midlung is also mildly increased. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR220_IM-0811/0.png", "CXR220_IM-0811/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3404_IM-1647", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. There are postsurgical changes of the left breast. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3404_IM-1647/0.png", "CXR3404_IM-1647/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR630_IM-2211", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal. Patient status post XXXX sternotomy and CABG.", "image_path": [ "CXR630_IM-2211/0.png", "CXR630_IM-2211/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2942_IM-1343", "report": "Postsurgical changes of XXXX sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior XXXX plates. Heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. No focal consolidation, suspicious bony opacity, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2942_IM-1343/0.png", "CXR2942_IM-1343/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR654_IM-2231", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart size normal. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR654_IM-2231/0.png", "CXR654_IM-2231/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2894_IM-1296-4001", "report": "The tracheostomy tube is in stable position. Right subclavian catheter tip is in the lower SVC. The left upper extremity PICC tip is in the mid SVC. Surgical XXXX overlie the soft tissues of the neck. The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2894_IM-1296-4001/0.png", "CXR2894_IM-1296-4001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR430_IM-2071", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours within normal limits. Visualized osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR430_IM-2071/0.png", "CXR430_IM-2071/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR886_IM-2400", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR886_IM-2400/0.png", "CXR886_IM-2400/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR191_IM-0591", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits in appearance. No focal air space opacities. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR191_IM-0591/0.png", "CXR191_IM-0591/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR777_IM-2320", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. The thoracic aorta is tortuous. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes and osteopenia of the thoracic spine. Overlying EKG leads.", "image_path": [ "CXR777_IM-2320/0.png", "CXR777_IM-2320/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR432_IM-2072", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Cholecystectomy clips overlie the right upper quadrant. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR432_IM-2072/0.png", "CXR432_IM-2072/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3908_IM-1985", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. Multilevel thoracic spondylosis is again demonstrated..", "image_path": [ "CXR3908_IM-1985/0.png", "CXR3908_IM-1985/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR577_IM-2175", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR577_IM-2175/0.png", "CXR577_IM-2175/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2062_IM-0699-0001", "report": "Right subclavian catheter, distal tip posterior to the head of the clavicle, the level of the subclavian vein. Low lung volumes. No pleural effusion. Left lower lobe airspace disease, XXXX atelectasis. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2062_IM-0699-0001/0.png", "CXR2062_IM-0699-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1879_IM-0569", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No cavitations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1879_IM-0569/0.png", "CXR1879_IM-0569/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3230_IM-1527", "report": "Low lung volumes and patient rotation. Given differences in technique, heart size XXXX within normal limits. Persistent right basilar opacity, XXXX atelectasis. No suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Mild degenerative change of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3230_IM-1527/0.png", "CXR3230_IM-1527/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3402_IM-1646", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Scattered calcified granulomas bilaterally. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3402_IM-1646/0.png", "CXR3402_IM-1646/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1555_IM-0362", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette and mediastinal contours are not enlarged. There is elevated right hemidiaphragm and evidence of right upper lobectomy. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1555_IM-0362/0.png", "CXR1555_IM-0362/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2397_IM-0946", "report": "Stable normal cardiac size and contour, normal mediastinal silhouette. Normal pulmonary XXXX. Lungs clear, no airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2397_IM-0946/0.png", "CXR2397_IM-0946/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2667_IM-1146", "report": "Heart size normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. No bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2667_IM-1146/0.png", "CXR2667_IM-1146/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1489_IM-0315", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1489_IM-0315/0.png", "CXR1489_IM-0315/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3336_IM-1598", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are several age-indeterminate left-sided rib fractures noted. There is a calcified right hilar lymph node. There basilar calcified granulomas. There minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3336_IM-1598/0.png", "CXR3336_IM-1598/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR139_IM-0248", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. A lobulated opacity is identified superior to the heart, in the anterior mediastinum on the lateral view, possibly consistent with a tortuous/ectatic thoracic aorta versus an anterior mediastinal mass. The thoracic aorta is tortuous and calcified. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. The lungs are hyperexpanded with flattening of the bilateral hemidiaphragms. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Severe degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR139_IM-0248/0.png", "CXR139_IM-0248/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR475_IM-2101", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal pulmonary vasculature and central airways. No focal airspace consolidation or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR475_IM-2101/0.png", "CXR475_IM-2101/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1288_IM-0189", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and configuration. Prominent bilateral pericardial fat pads. The lungs are well aerated. There is minimal patchy and XXXX air space opacity within the lingula favored as atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1288_IM-0189/0.png", "CXR1288_IM-0189/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2150_IM-0770", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Small nodule seen in the left upper lung, possibly granuloma. The lungs are otherwise clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2150_IM-0770/0.png", "CXR2150_IM-0770/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1995_IM-0651", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal air space opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour, and stable. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1995_IM-0651/0.png", "CXR1995_IM-0651/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1450_IM-0291", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1450_IM-0291/0.png", "CXR1450_IM-0291/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1327_IM-0211", "report": "The heart is normal size with normal appearance the cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal air space opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact with degenerative changes in thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1327_IM-0211/0.png", "CXR1327_IM-0211/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2103_IM-0734-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2103_IM-0734-0001/0.png", "CXR2103_IM-0734-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3635_IM-1802", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. There are stable degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3635_IM-1802/0.png", "CXR3635_IM-1802/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2837_IM-1252", "report": "Rounded 1.4 cm projecting retrosternally on lateral view only. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Normal heart size. Minimal degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Negative for pneumoperitoneum.", "image_path": [ "CXR2837_IM-1252/0.png", "CXR2837_IM-1252/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3233_IM-1530", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated with flattening of the hemidiaphragms. Coarsened interstitial testes appear chronic and compatible with emphysema. There is minimal XXXX scarring or atelectasis in the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise clear of focal infiltrate, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3233_IM-1530/0.png", "CXR3233_IM-1530/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3620_IM-1791-1001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is near upper limits of normal in size. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. There is minimal XXXX atelectasis or scar in the left lung base. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. There is a small calcified granuloma in the left upper lobe. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute, displaced rib fractures are demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "CXR3620_IM-1791-1001/0.png", "CXR3620_IM-1791-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2518_IM-1036", "report": "No The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR2518_IM-1036/0.png", "CXR2518_IM-1036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2805_IM-1235", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2805_IM-1235/0.png", "CXR2805_IM-1235/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR59_IM-2184", "report": "The cardiac silhouette, mediastinum, and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. There is stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Lungs are clear. No pleural fluid or pneumothorax is appreciated. Cholecystectomy clips are noted in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR59_IM-2184/0.png", "CXR59_IM-2184/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3077_IM-1438", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Low left paraspinal/retrocrural adenopathy is present. This appears unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR3077_IM-1438/0.png", "CXR3077_IM-1438/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR961_IM-2452", "report": "There is a XXXX opacity projecting over the left midlung, posterior on the lateral view. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size top normal. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR961_IM-2452/0.png", "CXR961_IM-2452/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3322_IM-1588", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. No change in a small calcified right apical granuloma. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3322_IM-1588/0.png", "CXR3322_IM-1588/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1802_IM-0521", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1802_IM-0521/0.png", "CXR1802_IM-0521/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1514_IM-0333", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits of size and appearance. The pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. There are XXXX opacities in the left XXXX, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis or scar. Otherwise, the lungs are expanded and clear of airspace disease. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited bone evaluation reveals no acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1514_IM-0333/0.png", "CXR1514_IM-0333/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2442_IM-0979", "report": "Given differences in patient rotation, heart size and mediastinal contours are grossly unchanged. Lungs appear clear without focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Stable degenerative changes of the thoracic spine with scattered XXXX deformities. Stable postsurgical changes of the left shoulder and marked degenerative changes of the right shoulder.", "image_path": [ "CXR2442_IM-0979/0.png", "CXR2442_IM-0979/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR208_IM-0711", "report": "The heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is within normal limits. The lungs are free of any focal infiltrates. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR208_IM-0711/0.png", "CXR208_IM-0711/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2350_IM-0916", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary opacities. Mild degenerative change thoracic spine. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Heart size normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2350_IM-0916/0.png", "CXR2350_IM-0916/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR321_IM-1516-0001", "report": "There are XXXX opacities in the left lung, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. XXXX opacities overlying the left lung base on the frontal XXXX XXXX reflect epicardial fat XXXX and overlying breast tissue. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is at the upper limits of normal. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR321_IM-1516-0001/0.png", "CXR321_IM-1516-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3191_IM-1505", "report": "Borderline cardiac enlargement. Enlarged calcified thoracic aorta. Emphysema. No acute pulmonary abnormality. Mild spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3191_IM-1505/0.png", "CXR3191_IM-1505/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2317_IM-0890", "report": "A calcified granuloma is present in the right costophrenic XXXX. Lungs are otherwise clear. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2317_IM-0890/0.png", "CXR2317_IM-0890/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2217_IM-0822-0001", "report": "Heart size borderline enlarged, mediastinal contours appear similar to the XXXX from XXXX, XXXX XXXX noted. Right hemidiaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2217_IM-0822-0001/0.png", "CXR2217_IM-0822-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3324_IM-1590", "report": "The heart is normal in size. Atherosclerotic calcifications of the aorta. The mediastinum is stable. There is again soft tissue density projected over the right mid chest, XXXX patient's known large breast mass. The appearance is grossly stable to decreased from prior study. The lateral projection is suboptimal as patient could not raise XXXX. There is no pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3324_IM-1590/0.png", "CXR3324_IM-1590/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR354_IM-1731", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR354_IM-1731/0.png", "CXR354_IM-1731/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR669_IM-2242", "report": "Cardiomegaly is present. The upper lobe pulmonary vascularity appears mildly prominent consistent with pulmonary venous hypertension. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Bony changes of renal osteodystrophy are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR669_IM-2242/0.png", "CXR669_IM-2242/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2789_IM-1223", "report": "Heart size near top normal limits, mild aortic ectasia size tortuosity. Mediastinal calcifications and dense nodule in the lingula suggest a previous granulomatous process. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2789_IM-1223/0.png", "CXR2789_IM-1223/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR108_IM-0056", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is Within normal limits the lungs are hypoinflated. There is mild increase in perihilar markings XXXX related to patient's history bronchitis. No acute infiltrate or pleural effusion are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR108_IM-0056/0.png", "CXR108_IM-0056/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1318_IM-0205", "report": "The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion is seen. The heart and mediastinum are normal. Arthritic changes of the spine are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR1318_IM-0205/0.png", "CXR1318_IM-0205/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3792_IM-1906", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3792_IM-1906/0.png", "CXR3792_IM-1906/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2464_IM-0997", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are no suspicious appearing pulmonary nodules or masses. There is no evidence of pneumonia. The heart pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2464_IM-0997/0.png", "CXR2464_IM-0997/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR806_IM-2340-0001", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is borderline enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature is normal in caliber. Nipple shadows and dense breast tissue overlie the lung bases. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR806_IM-2340-0001/0.png", "CXR806_IM-2340-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3429_IM-1657", "report": "Low lung volumes. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures appear intact. Left humeral head bone anchors.", "image_path": [ "CXR3429_IM-1657/0.png", "CXR3429_IM-1657/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3747_IM-1873", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3747_IM-1873/0.png", "CXR3747_IM-1873/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR871_IM-2391", "report": "Chest. Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. Pelvis. There are numerous clips overlying the pelvis and lower abdomen. Nonobstructive bowel XXXX pattern. No pathologic calcifications. Hip joint spaces are symmetric and normal. Sacroiliac joints are unremarkable. No fractures or dislocations.", "image_path": [ "CXR871_IM-2391/0.png", "CXR871_IM-2391/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1836_IM-0540", "report": "The heart is top normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Aorta is tortuous and atherosclerotic. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated. No acute infiltrate is seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR1836_IM-0540/0.png", "CXR1836_IM-0540/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1229_IM-0152", "report": "There is hyperinflation of the lungs appear to be clear. There is no pleural effusion or The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1229_IM-0152/0.png", "CXR1229_IM-0152/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2338_IM-0905", "report": "Compared to prior examination, there is significant improvement in aeration bilaterally, with improved bilateral airspace opacities. Currently, there are only minimal streaky opacities in the bilateral midlung, which may represent mild residual airspace disease, atelectasis, or underlying changes of chronic lung disease. No large focal consolidations, pneumothorax, or definite pleural effusions identified. The mediastinal silhouette is stable and within normal limits for size and contour. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2338_IM-0905/0.png", "CXR2338_IM-0905/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1028_IM-0022", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Acromioclavicular arthritis is present, XXXX severe.", "image_path": [ "CXR1028_IM-0022/0.png", "CXR1028_IM-0022/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2954_IM-1352", "report": "There is obscuration of the bilateral lung bases with lower lung volumes compared to prior examination. Stable atelectatic/fibrotic changes of the visualized lung, and stable left-sided calcified granuloma. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Cardiomediastinal silhouette unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2954_IM-1352/0.png", "CXR2954_IM-1352/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2109_IM-0739-0001", "report": "Low lung volumes are present. The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Surgical clips are present in the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2109_IM-0739-0001/0.png", "CXR2109_IM-0739-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1177_IM-0120", "report": "Normal heart. Clear lungs. Trachea midline. Scoliosis of lower thoracic spine. Degenerative changes of thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1177_IM-0120/0.png", "CXR1177_IM-0120/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR123_IM-0153", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Tortuous aorta. No focal infiltrate. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Soft tissue density identified in the medial right apex which is asymmetric compared to left.", "image_path": [ "CXR123_IM-0153/0.png", "CXR123_IM-0153/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3227_IM-1525", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute osseus abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3227_IM-1525/0.png", "CXR3227_IM-1525/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR229_IM-0873", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mediastinal calcification and dense right upper lung nodule suggest a previous granulomatous process.", "image_path": [ "CXR229_IM-0873/0.png", "CXR229_IM-0873/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2554_IM-1059", "report": "This is a stable normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. Some blunting of the left costophrenic XXXX XXXX represent scarring or atelectasis. No large pneumothorax or effusion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2554_IM-1059/0.png", "CXR2554_IM-1059/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1933_IM-0604", "report": "Aorta is ectatic. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Age-indeterminate anterior wedging deformity of lower thoracic vertebra.", "image_path": [ "CXR1933_IM-0604/0.png", "CXR1933_IM-0604/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2610_IM-1101", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Hyperexpanded lungs, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. XXXX right upper lobe scarring/atelectasis. Aortic calcifications.", "image_path": [ "CXR2610_IM-1101/0.png", "CXR2610_IM-1101/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3617_IM-1789", "report": "The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no focal opacity. There is no pneumothorax. There is no large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3617_IM-1789/0.png", "CXR3617_IM-1789/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1635_IM-0415", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified granuloma is present in the right lung base. Bibasilar bandlike opacities are present. The appearance XXXX scarring or atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1635_IM-0415/0.png", "CXR1635_IM-0415/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2438_IM-0978", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2438_IM-0978/0.png", "CXR2438_IM-0978/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1045_IM-0036", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Chronic appearing contour deformity of the right posterolateral 7th rib again noted suggestive of old injury.", "image_path": [ "CXR1045_IM-0036/0.png", "CXR1045_IM-0036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3541_IM-1733-0001", "report": "Lung volumes are mildly decreased. The cardiac silhouette and pulmonary vascularity are normal. There is bilateral lower lobe XXXX airspace opacities compatible with discoid atelectasis. There is no evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3541_IM-1733-0001/0.png", "CXR3541_IM-1733-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR267_IM-1147", "report": "Endotracheal tube and NG tube have been removed. Mild patchy bilateral airspace disease. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinum are stable with normal size heart. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR267_IM-1147/0.png", "CXR267_IM-1147/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3190_IM-1505", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. There is a vague right suprahilar density with elevation of the XXXX fissure most XXXX mild subsegmental atelectasis though superimposed infection cannot be entirely excluded. The remaining lungs are clear. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3190_IM-1505/0.png", "CXR3190_IM-1505/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2941_IM-1342", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal air space opacities, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX are grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2941_IM-1342/0.png", "CXR2941_IM-1342/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1780_IM-0509", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1780_IM-0509/0.png", "CXR1780_IM-0509/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1041_IM-0033", "report": "Lucency crosses the 10th left posterior rib. Visualized portions of the thoracic spine are unremarkable. Mediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1041_IM-0033/0.png", "CXR1041_IM-0033/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3916_IM-1991", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs XXXX clear. XXXX XXXX normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3916_IM-1991/0.png", "CXR3916_IM-1991/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3685_IM-1836", "report": "Calcified thoracic aorta. Mild rightward deviation of the trachea, unchanged from comparison XXXX, XXXX secondary to a goiter. Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. Advanced degenerative change of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3685_IM-1836/0.png", "CXR3685_IM-1836/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1449_IM-0290", "report": "The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with no comparison studies. Findings are XXXX accentuated by low lung volumes and eventration of the anterior right hemidiaphragm, however, cardiomegaly or less XXXX, pericardial effusion is suspected. The lungs are hypoinflated with central bronchovascular crowding but no evidence of overt pulmonary edema. The lungs are grossly clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings. There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Patient appears morbidly obese.", "image_path": [ "CXR1449_IM-0290/0.png", "CXR1449_IM-0290/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1725_IM-0478", "report": "There is right basilar opacity with associated blunting of the costophrenic XXXX seen on lateral view. In addition, there is a interface along the left hemidiaphragm. This may represent attenuation artifact however further evaluation with right lateral decubitus views would better evaluate. There is no pneumothorax. The XXXX lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1725_IM-0478/0.png", "CXR1725_IM-0478/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1123_IM-0080", "report": "XXXX opacities projecting over the right apex and mediastinum on PA view are artifactual. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Pulmonary vascularity is unremarkable. Stable chronic coarse interstitial markings, without focal airspace disease or consolidation. Negative for pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Limited evaluation reveals the XXXX XXXX are grossly intact. XXXX right cervical rib.", "image_path": [ "CXR1123_IM-0080/0.png", "CXR1123_IM-0080/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2096_IM-0726", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2096_IM-0726/0.png", "CXR2096_IM-0726/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR19_IM-0583", "report": "Heart size is normal. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, stable compared with prior. No focal airspace disease or effusion. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR19_IM-0583/0.png", "CXR19_IM-0583/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3625_IM-1794", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are no suspicious pulmonary nodules or masses. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Mediastinal contours appear normal. There's no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3625_IM-1794/0.png", "CXR3625_IM-1794/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1374_IM-0240", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Unremarkable XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1374_IM-0240/0.png", "CXR1374_IM-0240/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3945_IM-2014", "report": "There is increased size of left pneumothorax, with XXXX partial collapse of the left upper and lower lobes. This pneumothorax measures up to 3.5 cm in maximum width at the apex. There is no significant mediastinal shift. The right lung remains clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. There is a small left pleural effusion/hemothorax. No focal air space opacities. No free subdiaphragmatic air.", "image_path": [ "CXR3945_IM-2014/0.png", "CXR3945_IM-2014/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3163_IM-1488", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3163_IM-1488/0.png", "CXR3163_IM-1488/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3031_IM-1406", "report": "The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3031_IM-1406/0.png", "CXR3031_IM-1406/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1367_IM-0237", "report": "The heart size is normal. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural line to suggest pneumothorax or costophrenic XXXX blunting to suggest large pleural effusion. Bony structures are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1367_IM-0237/0.png", "CXR1367_IM-0237/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1443_IM-0286", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate increased interstitial markings probably COPD. There is calcified hilar lymph XXXX. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1443_IM-0286/0.png", "CXR1443_IM-0286/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR309_IM-1444", "report": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. No focal lung consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR309_IM-1444/0.png", "CXR309_IM-1444/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR87_IM-2390", "report": "No focal airspace disease, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free subdiaphragmatic air.", "image_path": [ "CXR87_IM-2390/0.png", "CXR87_IM-2390/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2519_IM-1037", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly, similar to prior exams. No focal consolidation. No visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2519_IM-1037/0.png", "CXR2519_IM-1037/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2892_IM-1295", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. The lungs are clear, without evidence of infiltrate. There are calcified granulomas within the left lower lobe. There is no pneumothorax or effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR2892_IM-1295/0.png", "CXR2892_IM-1295/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2504_IM-1029", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. No suspicious bony opacities. Heart size within normal limits. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2504_IM-1029/0.png", "CXR2504_IM-1029/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3357_IM-1610", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3357_IM-1610/0.png", "CXR3357_IM-1610/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2638_IM-1123", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR2638_IM-1123/0.png", "CXR2638_IM-1123/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2581_IM-1079", "report": "CHEST. The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine. There is flattening of the hemidiaphragms. ABDOMEN. There is a normal bowel XXXX pattern. There is an IVC XXXX identified. There are phleboliths in pelvis. There mild degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2581_IM-1079/0.png", "CXR2581_IM-1079/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2794_IM-1226", "report": "Lungs are hyperexpanded. No infiltrates or masses in the lungs. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2794_IM-1226/0.png", "CXR2794_IM-1226/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3070_IM-1432", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3070_IM-1432/0.png", "CXR3070_IM-1432/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2041_IM-0685", "report": "No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusions. Heart size is normal. No acute focal space opacities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2041_IM-0685/0.png", "CXR2041_IM-0685/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3113_IM-1462", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no evidence for mass lung apices. The heart is normal. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. The skeletal structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3113_IM-1462/0.png", "CXR3113_IM-1462/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3493_IM-1698", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. Trachea is midline. The lung volumes are slightly on the low side. Lungs are otherwise clear without pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No focal consolidations. No bony or soft tissue abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3493_IM-1698/0.png", "CXR3493_IM-1698/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR255_IM-1058", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR255_IM-1058/0.png", "CXR255_IM-1058/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2569_IM-1071", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Atherosclerotic calcifications present within the thoracic aorta. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Mild emphysematous changes are noted. Bilateral apical pleural scarring is present. Calcified granuloma is present within the right lower lobe. The XXXX are generally unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2569_IM-1071/0.png", "CXR2569_IM-1071/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2257_IM-0849", "report": "No focal areas of consolidation. Heart size normal limits. No pleural effusions. No evidence of pneumothorax. Degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2257_IM-0849/0.png", "CXR2257_IM-0849/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR494_IM-2114", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Mediastinal contours unremarkable. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Right lung is clear. XXXX opacities left lung base may represent atelectasis versus scarring. No focal consolidation. No pleural effusion, no pneumothorax. Bony structures unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR494_IM-2114/0.png", "CXR494_IM-2114/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1072_IM-0052-1001", "report": "The heart and mediastinal contours are stable. Aorta is calcified and tortuous, compatible with atherosclerotic disease. Since the prior study, there's been interval development of left lower lobe airspace disease. The right lung is clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1072_IM-0052-1001/0.png", "CXR1072_IM-0052-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3258_IM-1544", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3258_IM-1544/0.png", "CXR3258_IM-1544/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2688_IM-1159", "report": "There is mild cardiomegaly. Aorta is heavily calcified and tortuous, consistent with atherosclerotic disease. There are diffuse increased interstitial opacities identified. This may be secondary to edema, or alternatively atypical infection. No large effusion or visualized pneumothorax. Osteopenia of the spine is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2688_IM-1159/0.png", "CXR2688_IM-1159/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2761_IM-1208", "report": "Stable, normal cardiac size, mediastinum, and central pulmonary vasculature. Interval development of mild patchy airspace opacities within the posterior aspect of the right upper lobe, concerning for underlying pneumonia. Stable mild background chronic interstitial changes. No evidence of associated pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Multilevel midthoracic degenerative changes, with prominent anterolateral marginal osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR2761_IM-1208/0.png", "CXR2761_IM-1208/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2888_IM-1290-0001", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Degenerative changes are present in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2888_IM-1290-0001/0.png", "CXR2888_IM-1290-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR505_IM-2123", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits, visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR505_IM-2123/0.png", "CXR505_IM-2123/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR969_IM-2459", "report": "Heart size upper limits of normal but stable. Tortuous aorta. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Osseous structures are within normal limits for patient age..", "image_path": [ "CXR969_IM-2459/0.png", "CXR969_IM-2459/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1182_IM-0124", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No alveolar consolidation, no findings of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1182_IM-0124/0.png", "CXR1182_IM-0124/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR884_IM-2398", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Right basilar calcified granuloma noted. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR884_IM-2398/0.png", "CXR884_IM-2398/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1438_IM-0282", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1438_IM-0282/0.png", "CXR1438_IM-0282/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2898_IM-1300-0001", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR2898_IM-1300-0001/0.png", "CXR2898_IM-1300-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2189_IM-0798", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. Pulmonary vascularity is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, pneumothorax or definite pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2189_IM-0798/0.png", "CXR2189_IM-0798/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR992_IM-2477-0001", "report": "There are bilateral pulmonary nodules whose appearances suggest metastatic disease to lungs. In the right lung, there is a 1.9 x 2.1 cm nodule overlying the posterior right 6th rib. There is a 1.0 x 1.2 cm nodule XXXX above this in the interspace between the posterior 5th and 6th ribs on the right. There is a 1.0 x 1.1 cm nodule projecting through the left 9th and 10th interspaces on the PA view. If not already performed, contrast-enhanced XXXX would be XXXX suited to evaluate these findings. There are no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. To the stomach contours appear grossly clear. Heart size and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. There are left-sided axillary clips. There is a right internal jugular central catheter, the distal tip in right atrium.", "image_path": [ "CXR992_IM-2477-0001/0.png", "CXR992_IM-2477-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR880_IM-2395", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR880_IM-2395/0.png", "CXR880_IM-2395/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3982_IM-2039", "report": "Normal heart size. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. No focal bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3982_IM-2039/0.png", "CXR3982_IM-2039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR677_IM-2249", "report": "PICC line catheter tip XXXX in the right atrium. Heart is not enlarged. Trachea and XXXX bronchi appear normal. Lungs are mildly under expanded. No pneumothorax. There are small areas of patchy density in the left lower lung XXXX. There is a larger area of XXXX patchy density in the right mid and lower lungs with right-sided pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR677_IM-2249/0.png", "CXR677_IM-2249/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR355_IM-1739", "report": "Lung volumes are low. Prominent increased interstitial markings in both lungs are unchanged in the interval. Bullae are present both upper lobes, right worse than left. No pleural air collections. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR355_IM-1739/0.png", "CXR355_IM-1739/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2926_IM-1328", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2926_IM-1328/0.png", "CXR2926_IM-1328/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR342_IM-1655-0001", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Stable left upper lobe calcified granuloma. Heart size is mildly enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta.", "image_path": [ "CXR342_IM-1655-0001/0.png", "CXR342_IM-1655-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR901_IM-2409", "report": "Heart size is enlarged but stable. Stable sequela prior granulomatous disease. Stable XXXX sternotomy XXXX with fracture of the superior-most sternotomy XXXX.. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR901_IM-2409/0.png", "CXR901_IM-2409/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1871_IM-0564", "report": "The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is unremarkable. There is no focal airspace opacity. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. No acute bony abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR1871_IM-0564/0.png", "CXR1871_IM-0564/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3394_IM-1638", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. XXXX scarring left base. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3394_IM-1638/0.png", "CXR3394_IM-1638/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2594_IM-1085", "report": "The heart size is normal. Tortuous aorta. Otherwise the mediastinal contour is within normal limits. Low lung volumes. Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. There is streaky opacity within the right lower lobe. There are no nodules or masses. No visible pneumothorax. No visible pleural fluid. The XXXX are grossly normal. There is no visible free intraperitoneal air under the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "CXR2594_IM-1085/0.png", "CXR2594_IM-1085/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2771_IM-1213", "report": "Chest. Both lungs clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Ankle. Soft tissue XXXX is present around the malleoli. XXXX intact. Mortise radiographically stable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2771_IM-1213/0.png", "CXR2771_IM-1213/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1009_IM-0010", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1009_IM-0010/0.png", "CXR1009_IM-0010/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2292_IM-0874", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR2292_IM-0874/0.png", "CXR2292_IM-0874/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2628_IM-1115", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. Lungs are mildly hypoinflated with minimal streaky atelectasis or scar in the lung bases. Lungs are otherwise grossly clear of focal airspace disease. There is a stable calcified granuloma in the posterior left midlung. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2628_IM-1115/0.png", "CXR2628_IM-1115/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3543_IM-1735", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour within normal limits. Multiple calcified granulomas in the bilateral XXXX and lung parenchyma. No focal airspace consolidation, pneumothorax, or large pleural effusion. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3543_IM-1735/0.png", "CXR3543_IM-1735/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2989_IM-1376", "report": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cervical fusion XXXX. Degenerative changes of the spine and the acromioclavicular joints.", "image_path": [ "CXR2989_IM-1376/0.png", "CXR2989_IM-1376/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3375_IM-1624", "report": "Heart size is within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidations. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are degenerative changes of the midthoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3375_IM-1624/0.png", "CXR3375_IM-1624/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3218_IM-1520", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral chest examination was obtained. The heart silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic XXXX appear unremarkable. Lungs demonstrate no acute findings. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is degenerative changes of the skeletal structures", "image_path": [ "CXR3218_IM-1520/0.png", "CXR3218_IM-1520/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2555_IM-1060", "report": "Heart size is normal. Mild lung hyperexpansion. The lungs are clear. There are no focal air space consolidations. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. The hilar and mediastinal contours are normal. Normal pulmonary vascularity.", "image_path": [ "CXR2555_IM-1060/0.png", "CXR2555_IM-1060/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR115_IM-0102", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is hyperinflation of the lungs. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR115_IM-0102/0.png", "CXR115_IM-0102/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR896_IM-2406", "report": "Three images submitted. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR896_IM-2406/0.png", "CXR896_IM-2406/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR941_IM-2438", "report": "Surgical XXXX at the distal left clavicle. No acute osseous abnormality. Soft tissue structures are within normal limits. Stable normal cardio mediastinal silhouettes and hilar structures. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. .", "image_path": [ "CXR941_IM-2438/0.png", "CXR941_IM-2438/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2322_IM-0894", "report": "Lung volumes remain XXXX. XXXX opacity is present in the right middle lobe. No focal infiltrates. Heart size normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2322_IM-0894/0.png", "CXR2322_IM-0894/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR390_IM-1979", "report": "Heart size and vascularity are normal. Mild tortuosity of the aorta. No focal airspace disease or effusion. Degenerative change of the spine. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR390_IM-1979/0.png", "CXR390_IM-1979/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3757_IM-1881", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Mild tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta. XXXX sternotomy XXXX noted. Inferior sternotomy XXXX is disrupted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3757_IM-1881/0.png", "CXR3757_IM-1881/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2690_IM-1162", "report": "The heart, pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There is a calcified granuloma within the left midlung.", "image_path": [ "CXR2690_IM-1162/0.png", "CXR2690_IM-1162/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR224_IM-0837", "report": "Clear lungs. Normal heart. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Old right rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR224_IM-0837/0.png", "CXR224_IM-0837/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR280_IM-1232", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR280_IM-1232/0.png", "CXR280_IM-1232/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3779_IM-1894", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3779_IM-1894/0.png", "CXR3779_IM-1894/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR827_IM-2356", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. XXXX scarring and emphysematous changes noted. The lungs are grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR827_IM-2356/0.png", "CXR827_IM-2356/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3655_IM-1817", "report": "Well circumscribed 11 mm right upper lobe nodule, unchanged appearance from previous examination 7 years ago. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion. The heart size is normal. Redemonstrated syndesmophyte.", "image_path": [ "CXR3655_IM-1817/0.png", "CXR3655_IM-1817/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1568_IM-0371", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated but clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1568_IM-0371/0.png", "CXR1568_IM-0371/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR408_IM-2054", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are hypoinflated. Small bilateral pleural effusions are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR408_IM-2054/0.png", "CXR408_IM-2054/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR796_IM-2332", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR796_IM-2332/0.png", "CXR796_IM-2332/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR211_IM-0740", "report": "Normal heart size. Clear lungs. Trachea is midline. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR211_IM-0740/0.png", "CXR211_IM-0740/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1580_IM-0378", "report": "Lungs are mildly hyperexpanded. The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There are diffuse degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1580_IM-0378/0.png", "CXR1580_IM-0378/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3386_IM-1633", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. There are no acute infiltrates, effusions. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures are intact with no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3386_IM-1633/0.png", "CXR3386_IM-1633/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2979_IM-1368-1001", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is not significantly enlarged. There are calcified mediastinal lymph XXXX. There are atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Arthritic changes of the skeletal structures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2979_IM-1368-1001/0.png", "CXR2979_IM-1368-1001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1131_IM-0088-0001", "report": "2 images. Calcified granuloma, right lung base. Heart size and pulmonary vascular engorgement appear within limits of normal. Mediastinal contour is unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. No convincing acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1131_IM-0088-0001/0.png", "CXR1131_IM-0088-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1936_IM-0606", "report": "A right internal jugular XXXX this catheter has been exchanged for a large XXXX left internal jugular central venous catheter with the tip at the cavoatrial junction. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Stable thoracolumbar scoliosis. No acute bone findings. Stable cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "CXR1936_IM-0606/0.png", "CXR1936_IM-0606/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3168_IM-1492", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Chronic appearing left lateral rib deformities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3168_IM-1492/0.png", "CXR3168_IM-1492/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1006_IM-0007", "report": "The lungs appear clear. There are no focal airspace opacities to suggest pneumonia. The pleural spaces are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1006_IM-0007/0.png", "CXR1006_IM-0007/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3390_IM-1636", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "CXR3390_IM-1636/0.png", "CXR3390_IM-1636/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR331_IM-1584", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal silhouette are within normal limits for contour. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusions. The XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR331_IM-1584/0.png", "CXR331_IM-1584/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2002_IM-0654", "report": "Within the posterior lateral 8th rib there is a deformity along the cortex with associated oblique lucency. In addition within the posterior lateral 9th rib there appears to be a obliquely oriented lucency with cortical disruption. Findings are concerning for possible left rib fractures. Otherwise the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are clear bilaterally. Multiple small punctate radiopaque foreign bodies are seen within the subcutaneous tissues and are present on previous CT scan from XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2002_IM-0654/0.png", "CXR2002_IM-0654/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2451_IM-0987", "report": "Chest. Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions. Mild degenerative changes throughout the thoracic spine. Right knee. There has been prior ligamentous repair. There is tricompartmental joint space narrowing and marginal osteophyte formation which is severe in the medial compartment. No knee joint effusion. No fractures or dislocations.", "image_path": [ "CXR2451_IM-0987/0.png", "CXR2451_IM-0987/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3874_IM-1966", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. There is mild calcification of the aortic XXXX, consistent with atherosclerosis. The lung volumes are low, with bronchovascular crowding. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. Moderate degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3874_IM-1966/0.png", "CXR3874_IM-1966/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1573_IM-0374", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR1573_IM-0374/0.png", "CXR1573_IM-0374/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR567_IM-2167", "report": "Heart size upper normal but stable. Mediastinal contours within normal limits.. Minimal right middle lobe atelectasis. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR567_IM-2167/0.png", "CXR567_IM-2167/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR596_IM-2188", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The right chest XXXX tip is visualized in the mid SVC. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR596_IM-2188/0.png", "CXR596_IM-2188/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3263_IM-1549", "report": "Chest: The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact. Left knee: There is no fracture-dislocation. There are degenerative changes with medial compartment osteophytes. There is no suprapatellar effusion. There is a XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3263_IM-1549/0.png", "CXR3263_IM-1549/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3214_IM-1519", "report": "There is an marked interval increase in heart size. The heart also demonstrates the XXXX XXXX configuration, compatible with pericardial effusion. A small right pleural effusion the present. The lungs are otherwise clear without focal infiltrates. Normal pulmonary vascularity. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3214_IM-1519/0.png", "CXR3214_IM-1519/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1390_IM-0249", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. VP shunt tubing is identified. The bony structures, as visualized, appear unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1390_IM-0249/0.png", "CXR1390_IM-0249/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3971_IM-2031", "report": "The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The bony structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3971_IM-2031/0.png", "CXR3971_IM-2031/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1641_IM-0420", "report": "Two views of chest was obtained in AP projection. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is not enlarged. Lungs demonstrate segmental air space disease within the left lower lobe. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. There is evidence of CABG.", "image_path": [ "CXR1641_IM-0420/0.png", "CXR1641_IM-0420/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR335_IM-1606", "report": "A left-sided hemodialysis catheter is in XXXX with its distal tip at the right atrium. The cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no focal opacity. There is no pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR335_IM-1606/0.png", "CXR335_IM-1606/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR573_IM-2171", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. Sternotomy XXXX and surgical clips are again seen. The cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. There is a background of marked centrilobular emphysema. Streaky opacities in the lung bases may represent atelectasis or scarring. There is no consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR573_IM-2171/0.png", "CXR573_IM-2171/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1657_IM-0432", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1657_IM-0432/0.png", "CXR1657_IM-0432/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1670_IM-0441", "report": "Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. XXXX-A-XXXX XXXX has its tip at the caval atrial junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR1670_IM-0441/0.png", "CXR1670_IM-0441/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3948_IM-2017", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated without evidence of focal airspace disease, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR3948_IM-2017/0.png", "CXR3948_IM-2017/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2536_IM-1049", "report": "The lungs appear clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX are normal. Mediastinal contours are normal. Surgical clips are identified in the mediastinum. Pleural spaces are clear. Soft tissue XXXX previously noted along the right lateral chest wall has resolved.", "image_path": [ "CXR2536_IM-1049/0.png", "CXR2536_IM-1049/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR733_IM-2293-0001", "report": "There is a dual-lumen right internal jugular central venous catheter, the distal tip projects over the right atrium. There is no apparent pneumothorax. There is no focal lung opacity or pleural effusion. There is stable right upper lung lucency. The cardiopulmonary mediastinal silhouettes are stable. The visualized osseous structures appear within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR733_IM-2293-0001/0.png", "CXR733_IM-2293-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1412_IM-0262", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart and pulmonary XXXX appear normal. Pleural spaces are clear. The mediastinal contours are normal. Bony overlap in the lung apices could obscure a small pulmonary nodule.", "image_path": [ "CXR1412_IM-0262/0.png", "CXR1412_IM-0262/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2313_IM-0888", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There has been XXXX XXXX sternotomy. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR2313_IM-0888/0.png", "CXR2313_IM-0888/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR778_IM-2321", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Stable calcified granulomas. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR778_IM-2321/0.png", "CXR778_IM-2321/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2890_IM-1293", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. The lungs are normally inflated and clear. No definite pneumothorax. No displaced fracture. Small rounded radiopaque density within the posterior superficial subcutaneous fat XXXX represents projectile fragment..", "image_path": [ "CXR2890_IM-1293/0.png", "CXR2890_IM-1293/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3702_IM-1849", "report": "Lungs are overall hyperexpanded with flattening of the diaphragms. Lungs are clear without focal airspace disease. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. degenerative changes within the spine. There are expansile changes within the right clavicle which were seen on the previous XXXX/CT. Findings are consistent with changes of multiple myeloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR3702_IM-1849/0.png", "CXR3702_IM-1849/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3641_IM-1805", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal contours, mediastinal clips, left base pleural-parenchymal irregularity compatible with scarring. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Chronic appearing left rib contour irregularities may be posttraumatic or postsurgical.", "image_path": [ "CXR3641_IM-1805/0.png", "CXR3641_IM-1805/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1848_IM-0550", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are small round calcific density nodules consistent with prior granulomatous disease bilaterally. Otherwise, the lungs are clear without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There are no masses seen. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR1848_IM-0550/0.png", "CXR1848_IM-0550/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3084_IM-1443", "report": "Heart size is normal. No pleural effusions. No pneumothorax. No focal air space opacities. Mild degenerative osteophytes are noted in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3084_IM-1443/0.png", "CXR3084_IM-1443/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR223_IM-0831", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. Bronchovascular crowding without typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR223_IM-0831/0.png", "CXR223_IM-0831/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3046_IM-1418", "report": "Redemonstration of azygos lobe. Redemonstrated left perihilar nodular opacity, similar in size from previous examination. Dense appearing, may be granulomatous. The trachea is midline. Negative for pneumothorax, pleural effusion or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is normal. XXXX. Limited exam, for evaluation of fractures. However, no evidence for displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "CXR3046_IM-1418/0.png", "CXR3046_IM-1418/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2258_IM-0849", "report": "Mild hypoventilation with bronchovascular crowding and prominent central and basilar interstitial markings. No focal alveolar consolidation, no pleural effusion demonstrated. Considering technical factors heart size XXXX within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2258_IM-0849/0.png", "CXR2258_IM-0849/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR392_IM-1993", "report": "Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Interval resolution of left effusion. Central venous dialysis catheter unchanged in position. Heart and mediastinal contours are normal. Osseous structures intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR392_IM-1993/0.png", "CXR392_IM-1993/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3405_IM-1647", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Mild degenerative changes are present within the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3405_IM-1647/0.png", "CXR3405_IM-1647/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1916_IM-0595", "report": "There is stable left costophrenic XXXX blunting. The patient has undergone prior left lobectomy. There are chronic appearing right basilar interstitial markings. Heart size normal. No visualized pneumothorax. There is stable appearing left upper and right upper lobe bullous disease.", "image_path": [ "CXR1916_IM-0595/0.png", "CXR1916_IM-0595/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR611_IM-2198", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance. Pulmonary hypoinflation with bronchovascular crowding. No focal areas of pulmonary consolidation. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. The thoracic spine appears intact. No acute, displaced rib fractures.", "image_path": [ "CXR611_IM-2198/0.png", "CXR611_IM-2198/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2183_IM-0794", "report": "Moderate cardiomegaly. Bibasilar and perihilar interstitial opacities. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR2183_IM-0794/0.png", "CXR2183_IM-0794/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3605_IM-1781", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3605_IM-1781/0.png", "CXR3605_IM-1781/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1839_IM-0543", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. Granulomatous sequela are noted. The previously visualized nodular density in the right upper lobe is not well-seen on today's study. There is no acute infiltrate or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR1839_IM-0543/0.png", "CXR1839_IM-0543/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1455_IM-0293", "report": "The lungs are clear. A calcified granuloma is seen in the left midlung zone. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1455_IM-0293/0.png", "CXR1455_IM-0293/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3235_IM-1532", "report": "Heart size is normal. The lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3235_IM-1532/0.png", "CXR3235_IM-1532/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3481_IM-1692", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and vasculature are within normal limits for size and contour. Lungs are hyperexpanded without focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.. Degenerative endplate changes of the spine..", "image_path": [ "CXR3481_IM-1692/0.png", "CXR3481_IM-1692/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR762_IM-2310", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Calcified lymph XXXX are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR762_IM-2310/0.png", "CXR762_IM-2310/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3768_IM-1887", "report": "Mild cardiomegaly. Changes of chronic lung disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Accentuated thoracic kyphosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR3768_IM-1887/0.png", "CXR3768_IM-1887/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3856_IM-1951", "report": "PA and lateral views. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The lungs are clear. No effusions, consolidation or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3856_IM-1951/0.png", "CXR3856_IM-1951/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR742_IM-2298", "report": "XXXX focal opacity in the medial right lung base XXXX seen on the frontal view. No definite pleural effusion. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette with normal heart size, no typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR742_IM-2298/0.png", "CXR742_IM-2298/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1770_IM-0504", "report": "No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal cardiac contours. Clear lungs bilaterally. Redemonstration of transmetatarsal amputation. No evidence of acute fracture-dislocations. No evidence of any bony erosions or osseous infections.", "image_path": [ "CXR1770_IM-0504/0.png", "CXR1770_IM-0504/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1883_IM-0572", "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest show normal size and configuration of the cardiac silhouette. Normal mediastinal contour, pulmonary XXXX and vasculature, central airways and lung volumes. No pleural effusion. There are right upper quadrant surgical clips, perhaps from cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "CXR1883_IM-0572/0.png", "CXR1883_IM-0572/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1232_IM-0156", "report": "Stable left chest cardiac XXXX generator with 2 distal leads in right atrium and right ventricle. Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Emphysema. Stable calcified granulomas. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1232_IM-0156/0.png", "CXR1232_IM-0156/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR739_IM-2296", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral views of the chest were obtained XXXX/XXXX. The lung volumes are low normal. The lungs are clear and there are no pleural effusions. The mediastinum and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The bony elements are not remarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR739_IM-2296/0.png", "CXR739_IM-2296/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3242_IM-1534", "report": "The heart and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal in size and contour. There is no focal air space opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3242_IM-1534/0.png", "CXR3242_IM-1534/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3515_IM-1715", "report": "Lungs are clear. A calcified small granuloma is present in the left lower lobe. Heart size normal. Mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3515_IM-1715/0.png", "CXR3515_IM-1715/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3464_IM-1683", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3464_IM-1683/0.png", "CXR3464_IM-1683/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3051_IM-1420", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3051_IM-1420/0.png", "CXR3051_IM-1420/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR645_IM-2224", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours appear normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR645_IM-2224/0.png", "CXR645_IM-2224/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2505_IM-1029", "report": "Normal heart size and mediastinal contours. Calcified aortic XXXX. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR2505_IM-1029/0.png", "CXR2505_IM-1029/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3978_IM-2037-0001", "report": "The heart is normal in size and contour. There is no mediastinal widening. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3978_IM-2037-0001/0.png", "CXR3978_IM-2037-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2198_IM-0808", "report": "Cardiac silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern within normal limits. No focal infiltrate, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. No pleural effusion. Osseous structures within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2198_IM-0808/0.png", "CXR2198_IM-0808/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3312_IM-1586", "report": "A patchy infiltrate has developed in the right middle lobe. Left lung is clear. Heart size normal. Aorta tortuous.", "image_path": [ "CXR3312_IM-1586/0.png", "CXR3312_IM-1586/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1673_IM-0444", "report": "Heart size is normal in cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour. The lungs are clear bilaterally. No XXXX consolidations. No pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. XXXX and soft tissues are unremarkable. Lungs are hyperinflated.", "image_path": [ "CXR1673_IM-0444/0.png", "CXR1673_IM-0444/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2774_IM-1215", "report": "The lungs and pleural spaces show no acute abnormality. Heart size is mildly enlarged, pulmonary vascularity within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2774_IM-1215/0.png", "CXR2774_IM-1215/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1433_IM-0278", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. Mild atherosclerosis. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR1433_IM-0278/0.png", "CXR1433_IM-0278/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2523_IM-1041", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2523_IM-1041/0.png", "CXR2523_IM-1041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2719_IM-1182", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Prominent interstitial and nodular opacities are increased since comparison exam. There is a 1 cm nodular opacity in the right costophrenic XXXX, increased since comparison examination. A cystic lesion in the right upper lobe appears similar to prior examination. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2719_IM-1182/0.png", "CXR2719_IM-1182/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3165_IM-1490", "report": "Normal and stable cardiomediastinal contours. Interval removal of left-sided intravenous catheter. No pneumothorax. XXXX XXXX opacities obscuring the hemidiaphragms, slightly improved from prior exam.. Right-sided rib fractures again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3165_IM-1490/0.png", "CXR3165_IM-1490/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2689_IM-1160", "report": "Calcified granulomas are present. There is an area of focal density overlying the right first rib and medial clavicle. This is approximately 1.2 cm in diameter. It may be secondary to overlapping structures. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal. Calcifications of the aortic XXXX are seen. The skeletal structures are unremarkable. There has been a left mastectomy.", "image_path": [ "CXR2689_IM-1160/0.png", "CXR2689_IM-1160/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR131_IM-0202", "report": "There is a calcified granuloma in the right midlung zone. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal. Surgical clips are present in the right upper quadrant.", "image_path": [ "CXR131_IM-0202/0.png", "CXR131_IM-0202/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR343_IM-1658", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. is not diffuse interstitial prominence, which has chronic appearance. Cannot exclude early pulmonary edema. Two airspace consolidation or effusion. XXXX are osteopenic. No visible pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR343_IM-1658/0.png", "CXR343_IM-1658/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3599_IM-1775", "report": "There are intact midline sternotomy XXXX and postsurgical changes of prior CABG. The aorta is unfolded. The heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3599_IM-1775/0.png", "CXR3599_IM-1775/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1276_IM-0184", "report": "The heart is normal size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. Calcific granulomas are present in the right upper lobe. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1276_IM-0184/0.png", "CXR1276_IM-0184/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3144_IM-1478", "report": "XXXX XXXX and lateral views of the chest were obtained on XXXX. The lung volumes are normal. The lungs are clear and there are no pleural effusions. The mediastinum and pulmonary XXXX are normal. The bony elements are not remarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3144_IM-1478/0.png", "CXR3144_IM-1478/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1204_IM-0138", "report": "PA and lateral views the chest were obtained. Heart size is upper limits normal or mildly enlarged. The thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous. Pulmonary XXXX are within normal limits. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal air space consolidation.", "image_path": [ "CXR1204_IM-0138/0.png", "CXR1204_IM-0138/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR396_IM-2024", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There are minimal degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR396_IM-2024/0.png", "CXR396_IM-2024/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR275_IM-1200", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR275_IM-1200/0.png", "CXR275_IM-1200/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2297_IM-0877", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis. Mild XXXX XXXX curvature thoracolumbar junction.", "image_path": [ "CXR2297_IM-0877/0.png", "CXR2297_IM-0877/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1468_IM-0303", "report": "The lungs are clear without evidence of focal airspace disease. There is no evidence of pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1468_IM-0303/0.png", "CXR1468_IM-0303/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1264_IM-0179", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR1264_IM-0179/0.png", "CXR1264_IM-0179/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2075_IM-0708", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR2075_IM-0708/0.png", "CXR2075_IM-0708/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR660_IM-2237-0001", "report": "No focal consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity or definite pleural effusion. Heart size and pulmonary vascularity within normal limits. Stable mediastinal contour. Calcified hilar lymph XXXX. Visualized osseous structures unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR660_IM-2237-0001/0.png", "CXR660_IM-2237-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR570_IM-2170", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or effusions.", "image_path": [ "CXR570_IM-2170/0.png", "CXR570_IM-2170/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR748_IM-2302", "report": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR748_IM-2302/0.png", "CXR748_IM-2302/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2031_IM-0676", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. No pulmonary nodules identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2031_IM-0676/0.png", "CXR2031_IM-0676/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR291_IM-1313", "report": "The lungs are clear bilaterally. Specifically, no evidence of focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion.. Cardio mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable. Visualized osseous structures of the thorax are without acute abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR291_IM-1313/0.png", "CXR291_IM-1313/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2267_IM-0856", "report": "The lateral view is degraded by patient motion. Lungs are grossly clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour. Degenerative changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2267_IM-0856/0.png", "CXR2267_IM-0856/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3431_IM-1660", "report": "Heart size normal. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or focal airspace disease. Bony structures grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3431_IM-1660/0.png", "CXR3431_IM-1660/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3593_IM-1772", "report": "Heart size normal. Lungs are clear. XXXX are normal. No pneumonia, effusions, edema, pneumothorax, adenopathy, nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "CXR3593_IM-1772/0.png", "CXR3593_IM-1772/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1833_IM-0539", "report": "There is a small area of scarring or atelectasis in the left base. Calcified granulomas seen in the posterior right lower lobe. Lungs are otherwise clear. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures and soft tissues are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR1833_IM-0539/0.png", "CXR1833_IM-0539/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3972_IM-2032", "report": "Heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Bilateral hilar fullness is present consistent with adenopathy. The appearance is unchanged. There is prominence of the interstitial markings bilaterally. These are also unchanged. No focal superimposed airspace disease is seen. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3972_IM-2032/0.png", "CXR3972_IM-2032/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR40_IM-2050", "report": "Mild hyperexpansion of the lungs. Numerous bilateral rib deformities. No focal airspace disease. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax or effusion. Large, flowing anterior endplate osteophytes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR40_IM-2050/0.png", "CXR40_IM-2050/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2755_IM-1204", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged with mild cardiomegaly. There is relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm consistent with history of right lower lobectomy, without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or effusion identified. Irregularity of the right fifth and sixth ribs stable since at XXXX XXXX and XXXX postsurgical/post traumatic in XXXX. Left shoulder rotator XXXX bone anchor noted. No acute osseous abnormality identified.", "image_path": [ "CXR2755_IM-1204/0.png", "CXR2755_IM-1204/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3310_IM-1585", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Cardiomediastinal size is within normal limits. Pulmonary vasculature is normal . XXXX XXXX intact. Chondral cartilages causing XXXX over the anterior lungs on lateral view.", "image_path": [ "CXR3310_IM-1585/0.png", "CXR3310_IM-1585/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1231_IM-0155", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Left subclavian central catheter tip in distal SVC. No pneumothorax. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR1231_IM-0155/0.png", "CXR1231_IM-0155/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1583_IM-0378", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema. Mild spine curvature noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR1583_IM-0378/0.png", "CXR1583_IM-0378/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2673_IM-1149", "report": "The heart is large. In the interval, pulmonary venous engorgement has developed. Also, bibasilar interstitial infiltrates are present.", "image_path": [ "CXR2673_IM-1149/0.png", "CXR2673_IM-1149/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR6_IM-2192", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There is no focal airspace consolidation or suspicious pulmonary opacity. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative change of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR6_IM-2192/0.png", "CXR6_IM-2192/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1223_IM-0150", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. Lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. XXXX XXXX foreign body is noted in the soft tissues of the left chest wall.", "image_path": [ "CXR1223_IM-0150/0.png", "CXR1223_IM-0150/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2458_IM-0990", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Negative for focal pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2458_IM-0990/0.png", "CXR2458_IM-0990/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2003_IM-0654", "report": "Borderline enlarged heart. Pulmonary vasculature appears within normal limits. No focal pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormality. Possible right shoulder calcific tendinitis. Calcifications of the abdominal aorta are seen.", "image_path": [ "CXR2003_IM-0654/0.png", "CXR2003_IM-0654/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1711_IM-0469", "report": "Heart size within normal limits, stable mediastinal and hilar contours. Left hemidiaphragm eventration. No focal alveolar consolidation, no definite pleural effusion seen. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR1711_IM-0469/0.png", "CXR1711_IM-0469/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3979_IM-2038", "report": "Normal heart size. Mild unfolding and atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta. No focal air space consolidation. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized bony structures are unremarkable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "CXR3979_IM-2038/0.png", "CXR3979_IM-2038/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1785_IM-0512", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Granulomatous calcifications in the paratracheal region. Mild streaky scarring in the right upper lobe. No active pneumonia. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1785_IM-0512/0.png", "CXR1785_IM-0512/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3305_IM-1581", "report": "There is a right PICC with tip overlying the right brachiocephalic vein. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. No overt pulmonary edema. There are streaky bibasilar opacities. No large pleural effusion. The right hemidiaphragm is elevated. No pneumothorax is identified. There are degenerative changes of the spine. Bilateral surgical clips are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3305_IM-1581/0.png", "CXR3305_IM-1581/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3980_IM-2039", "report": "Heart size moderately enlarged. Mild left costophrenic XXXX blunting. Streaky and patchy bibasilar opacities, left greater than right. Right hemidiaphragm eventration noted. No typical findings of pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "CXR3980_IM-2039/0.png", "CXR3980_IM-2039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR769_IM-2314", "report": "Clear lungs. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusion. Normal heart. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine without acute bony abnormality. Prominent right epicardial fat XXXX", "image_path": [ "CXR769_IM-2314/0.png", "CXR769_IM-2314/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR446_IM-2080", "report": "The cardiac contours are normal. The lungs are clear. Thoracic spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR446_IM-2080/0.png", "CXR446_IM-2080/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3032_IM-1407", "report": "The heart and lungs have XXXX XXXX in the interval. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal. Sternotomy sutures and coronary bypass clips remain intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3032_IM-1407/0.png", "CXR3032_IM-1407/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2408_IM-0955", "report": "Cardiomediastinal contour stable and within normal limits. Changes of prior CABG again noted. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Streaky bibasilar opacities decreased from previous, possibly subsegmental atelectasis and/or scar. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion demonstrated. Redemonstrated severe L1 XXXX fracture. Slight interval increase in XXXX loss of T11 and there is XXXX mild to moderate anterior XXXX loss of T10. Degenerative changes of the spine. Abdominal aortic stent.", "image_path": [ "CXR2408_IM-0955/0.png", "CXR2408_IM-0955/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1218_IM-0146", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally with no focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute bony or soft tissue abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1218_IM-0146/0.png", "CXR1218_IM-0146/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2070_IM-0704", "report": "There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Questionable old left posterior third and fourth rib fractures. Visualized soft tissues are within normal limits. Normal heart size. Normal hilar vascular markings. Subtle prominence of interstitial markings in the bases, left worse than right. No focal area of consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2070_IM-0704/0.png", "CXR2070_IM-0704/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3292_IM-1572", "report": "Mediastinal contours are normal. Opacity within the right middle and lower lobes. No displacement of the XXXX or XXXX fissure. No pneumothorax..", "image_path": [ "CXR3292_IM-1572/0.png", "CXR3292_IM-1572/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3738_IM-1867", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3738_IM-1867/0.png", "CXR3738_IM-1867/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1119_IM-0080", "report": "Low lung volumes with bronchovascular crowding. Sequela of prior granulomatous disease. Otherwise lungs clear. Heart size normal. Stable severe L1 XXXX deformity.", "image_path": [ "CXR1119_IM-0080/0.png", "CXR1119_IM-0080/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2471_IM-1002", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal and unchanged compared to prior examination. Lungs are clear, without evidence of acute infiltrate or effusion. There is no pneumothorax. The visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR2471_IM-1002/0.png", "CXR2471_IM-1002/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2273_IM-0861", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pleural effusions or pneumothoraces. Heart and mediastinum of normal size and contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR2273_IM-0861/0.png", "CXR2273_IM-0861/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR945_IM-2440", "report": "In the interval, consolidation has developed in the left upper lobe. Also, anterior segment XXXX opacity is present. Right lung remains clear. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR945_IM-2440/0.png", "CXR945_IM-2440/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3186_IM-1503", "report": "The lungs are hypoventilated. There is no focal consolidation. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3186_IM-1503/0.png", "CXR3186_IM-1503/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1900_IM-0584", "report": "There are XXXX sternotomy XXXX identified. The heart is within normal limits in size. The aorta is calcified and tortuous. There are scattered calcified granulomas throughout both lungs. No focal infiltrate, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1900_IM-0584/0.png", "CXR1900_IM-0584/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3647_IM-1809", "report": "Lungs are clear. Heart is normal size. Trachea is midline. No pneumothorax. No large pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR3647_IM-1809/0.png", "CXR3647_IM-1809/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR653_IM-2230", "report": "Heart size and vascularity normal. Lungs clear. No effusions or pneumothorax. Limited degenerative change of the spine", "image_path": [ "CXR653_IM-2230/0.png", "CXR653_IM-2230/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2253_IM-0845", "report": "There is hyperinflation of the lungs but they are clear. The heart and mediastinum are normal. The skeletal structures are normal. There are bilateral breast prostheses.", "image_path": [ "CXR2253_IM-0845/0.png", "CXR2253_IM-0845/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3580_IM-1760", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR3580_IM-1760/0.png", "CXR3580_IM-1760/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR425_IM-2068", "report": "Lungs are clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR425_IM-2068/0.png", "CXR425_IM-2068/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3152_IM-1484", "report": "The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are stable scattered XXXX bilateral opacities, most notable in the left upper lobe, XXXX scarring. No focal airspace consolidation to suggest pneumonia. No large pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous and demonstrates atherosclerotic vascular calcification. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3152_IM-1484/0.png", "CXR3152_IM-1484/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1884_IM-0573", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. Degenerative changes are noted in the spine. The descending thoracic aorta is mildly tortuous. The mediastinum appears somewhat prominent.", "image_path": [ "CXR1884_IM-0573/0.png", "CXR1884_IM-0573/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3880_IM-1968", "report": "Unchanged cardiomegaly. Negative for pneumothorax or focal consolidation. No large effusion. Mildly prominent interstitial opacities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3880_IM-1968/0.png", "CXR3880_IM-1968/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3183_IM-1502", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR3183_IM-1502/0.png", "CXR3183_IM-1502/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR910_IM-2416", "report": "The heart size is moderately enlarged. There is evidence of previous aortic valve replacement. XXXX sternotomy XXXX are grossly intact. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There are chronically increased interstitial lung markings without superimposed focal airspace disease identified. There are degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR910_IM-2416/0.png", "CXR910_IM-2416/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1199_IM-0133", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The lungs are well expanded without consolidation or edema. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1199_IM-0133/0.png", "CXR1199_IM-0133/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3714_IM-1856", "report": "Cardio mediastinal silhouette, pulmonary vascular pattern are within normal limits. Mildly low lung volumes. No focal infiltrate, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3714_IM-1856/0.png", "CXR3714_IM-1856/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1097_IM-0067", "report": "Heart size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Diffuse bilateral calcified sequelae of prior granulomatous infection. No pulmonary vascular congestion. No XXXX edema. No focal consolidation. There is no visible pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild anterior wedging of a lower thoracic vertebral body, approximately T11 level.", "image_path": [ "CXR1097_IM-0067/0.png", "CXR1097_IM-0067/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3184_IM-1503", "report": "The aortic XXXX is mildly tortuous. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. There are T-spine osteophytes. Large body habitus.", "image_path": [ "CXR3184_IM-1503/0.png", "CXR3184_IM-1503/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2489_IM-1016", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. The lung volumes are low. There is a calcified granuloma in the right hilum. Minimal XXXX atelectasis or scarring in the left lower lobe. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2489_IM-1016/0.png", "CXR2489_IM-1016/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR957_IM-2449", "report": "The heart size is normal. The lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The osseous structures are intact. There are degenerative changes within the XXXX bilaterally and left acromioclavicular joint. XXXX XXXX in the soft tissues of the right upper extremity.", "image_path": [ "CXR957_IM-2449/0.png", "CXR957_IM-2449/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2748_IM-1198", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No suspicious pulmonary mass or nodule is identified. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR2748_IM-1198/0.png", "CXR2748_IM-1198/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2662_IM-1143", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. The lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "CXR2662_IM-1143/0.png", "CXR2662_IM-1143/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1548_IM-0357", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. There are no focal areas of consolidation. Small T-spine osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "CXR1548_IM-0357/0.png", "CXR1548_IM-0357/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1388_IM-0246", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal XXXX. XXXX cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "CXR1388_IM-0246/0.png", "CXR1388_IM-0246/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1581_IM-0378", "report": "Cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. There are 2 right upper lobe lung nodules, the largest measuring approximately 12 mm. Lungs are without focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Bony thorax is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR1581_IM-0378/0.png", "CXR1581_IM-0378/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR828_IM-2357", "report": "The trachea is midline. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There are low lung volumes, causing bibasilar atelectasis and bronchovascular crowding. There is a XXXX opacity in the left lingula. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Visualized bony structures reveal no acute abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR828_IM-2357/0.png", "CXR828_IM-2357/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3858_IM-1953", "report": "3 images. Heart size is normal. There is mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There are costochondral calcifications. The lungs are clear of focal infiltrate. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old left clavicle fracture noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3858_IM-1953/0.png", "CXR3858_IM-1953/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2147_IM-0767", "report": "Cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. The lungs are clear. Mild spondylosis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2147_IM-0767/0.png", "CXR2147_IM-0767/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2919_IM-1321", "report": "The heart is significantly enlarged. Prominent pulmonary vascularity. No focal airspace consolidation, suspicious pulmonary opacity, or definite pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Visualized osseous structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2919_IM-1321/0.png", "CXR2919_IM-1321/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2517_IM-1036", "report": "Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Normal heart and mediastinal contours. Normal pulmonary vasculature. Bony thorax intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2517_IM-1036/0.png", "CXR2517_IM-1036/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR633_IM-2213", "report": "The lungs are clear. There is no focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size and mediastinal contour are within normal limits. There are multilevel degenerative changes of the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR633_IM-2213/0.png", "CXR633_IM-2213/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2441_IM-0978", "report": "There is mild blunting of the right costophrenic XXXX which may represent a small right pleural effusion. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax identified. Cardiomediastinal silhouette demonstrates stable mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, and heart size within normal limits and stable. No acute osseous abnormality. There is redemonstration of mild multilevel degenerative disc disease of the thoracolumbar spine. Old, healed left rib fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR2441_IM-0978/0.png", "CXR2441_IM-0978/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3458_IM-1678", "report": "The lungs are clear. The heart pulmonary XXXX are normal. The pleural spaces are clear. Mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3458_IM-1678/0.png", "CXR3458_IM-1678/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1821_IM-0532", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are normal in size and contour. There is no focal airspace opacity, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR1821_IM-0532/0.png", "CXR1821_IM-0532/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3244_IM-1536", "report": "Heart size within normal limits. Right paratracheal prominence XXXX represents tortuous XXXX. XXXX lung volumes. Mild streaky bibasilar opacities. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR3244_IM-1536/0.png", "CXR3244_IM-1536/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2520_IM-1039", "report": "The heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits. The lungs are free of focal airspace disease. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. A few bandlike opacities are present which are XXXX to represent small areas of scarring or atelectasis. There is eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified granuloma is present in the left lung.", "image_path": [ "CXR2520_IM-1039/0.png", "CXR2520_IM-1039/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3300_IM-1578", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally.There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothoraces. Stable aortic tortuosity. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is otherwise unremarkable. Scoliosis and degenerative changes of the thoracic spine. Stent visualized in the right upper quadrant, XXXX biliary stent.", "image_path": [ "CXR3300_IM-1578/0.png", "CXR3300_IM-1578/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3988_IM-2041", "report": "No acute osseous abnormalities. Left midlung, and basilar streaky opacity. There is elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. No pneumothorax. Small calcified 8 cm granuloma adjacent to the right diaphragm within the right chest. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR3988_IM-2041/0.png", "CXR3988_IM-2041/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1559_IM-0365", "report": "Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette. Right hilar surgical clips. Stable right-sided volume loss. Increasing density in the superior segment of the left lower lobe, XXXX seen on lateral view. No pneumothorax. Severe degenerative disease of the XXXX.", "image_path": [ "CXR1559_IM-0365/0.png", "CXR1559_IM-0365/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1585_IM-0380", "report": "Sternotomy XXXX and mediastinal clips are unchanged. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature and XXXX are unchanged. No XXXX consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Osseous structures and soft tissues are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "CXR1585_IM-0380/0.png", "CXR1585_IM-0380/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2670_IM-1148", "report": "Hyperexpanded lungs with flattened hemidiaphragms, consistent with emphysema. There is streaky airspace opacities in the left suprahilar and lingular regions. No pneumothorax or effusions. Mild bilateral costophrenic XXXX blunting XXXX represents pleural thickening and scarring. Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2670_IM-1148/0.png", "CXR2670_IM-1148/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1881_IM-0570", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in size and contour. Aortic atherosclerosis. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Negative for acute bone abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR1881_IM-0570/0.png", "CXR1881_IM-0570/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3748_IM-1874", "report": "The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are within normal limits in size. There is minimal XXXX atelectasis or scar in the left lung base. The lungs are clear of focal airspace disease, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. There are no acute bony findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR3748_IM-1874/0.png", "CXR3748_IM-1874/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2184_IM-0795", "report": "The heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour and pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. There are streaky left basilar airspace opacities, compatible with atelectasis as seen on comparison abdomen and pelvis CT. There is a left upper lung granuloma. Otherwise, no focal consolidation, large pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. XXXX appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR2184_IM-0795/0.png", "CXR2184_IM-0795/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR181_IM-0524", "report": "Normal heart size mediastinal contours. Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal airspace consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR181_IM-0524/0.png", "CXR181_IM-0524/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR282_IM-1243", "report": "Mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Heart size is within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "CXR282_IM-1243/0.png", "CXR282_IM-1243/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3706_IM-1851", "report": "The lungs are clear, and without focal airspace opacity. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable from prior exam. There is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mediastinal surgical clips are again noted.", "image_path": [ "CXR3706_IM-1851/0.png", "CXR3706_IM-1851/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2494_IM-1020", "report": "Heart size is mildly enlarged. The pulmonary XXXX and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is no focal air space opacity to suggest a pneumonia. There are mild degenerative changes of the spine. There are extensive vascular calcifications. There is a left midlung calcified granuloma.", "image_path": [ "CXR2494_IM-1020/0.png", "CXR2494_IM-1020/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3905_IM-1984", "report": "The heart is enlarged, stable compared to the previous exam. The mediastinum is unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace disease. The XXXX are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3905_IM-1984/0.png", "CXR3905_IM-1984/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3182_IM-1501-0001", "report": "There is a moderate amount of retained contrast within the distal esophagus. There is no evidence of aspiration. A 3.0 cm nodule is present within the right hilum. No moderate to large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. The pulmonary vasculature is normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR3182_IM-1501-0001/0.png", "CXR3182_IM-1501-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3861_IM-1955", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion , or focal airspace disease. Heart size within normal limits. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is clear. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR3861_IM-1955/0.png", "CXR3861_IM-1955/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2716_IM-1181", "report": "Within the right lower lobes there are XXXX airspace opacities XXXX representing consolidation and atelectasis with blunting of the bilateral costophrenic XXXX. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis. No acute osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2716_IM-1181/0.png", "CXR2716_IM-1181/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3624_IM-1794", "report": "The heart size and mediastinal contours appear within normal limits. No focal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No acute bony abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "CXR3624_IM-1794/0.png", "CXR3624_IM-1794/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2119_IM-0746", "report": "There is a 1 cm nodule within one of the lung bases, seen only on the lateral view. There is a calcified right hilar lymph node and right granuloma. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR2119_IM-0746/0.png", "CXR2119_IM-0746/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1654_IM-0430", "report": "The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable. There is tortuosity of the aorta, compatible with atherosclerosis. Low lung volumes. Minimal XXXX opacities within the lung bases, XXXX subsegmental atelectasis. The lungs are clear without infiltrate. There is no effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "CXR1654_IM-0430/0.png", "CXR1654_IM-0430/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1962_IM-0628", "report": "No pneumothorax, pleural effusion or airspace consolidation. Stable right lower lung granuloma. Interval to right clavicle XXXX procedure. Heart size and pulmonary vasculature appear within normal limits. XXXX XXXX are intact.", "image_path": [ "CXR1962_IM-0628/0.png", "CXR1962_IM-0628/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR933_IM-2431", "report": "XXXX change. Both lungs are clear and expanded. Heart and mediastinum normal.", "image_path": [ "CXR933_IM-2431/0.png", "CXR933_IM-2431/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2729_IM-1187", "report": "Normal heart size, mediastinal and aortic contours. Normal pulmonary vascularity. Elevated left hemidiaphragm with scarring at the left costophrenic XXXX. There is a bullet fragment overlying the left T7 vertebra. Retained XXXX bullet fragments noted within the left upper and lower lobes. No focal consolidation, visible pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Mild degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR2729_IM-1187/0.png", "CXR2729_IM-1187/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3649_IM-1811", "report": "Clear lungs bilaterally. No pneumothorax or large pleural effusion. Normal cardiac contour.", "image_path": [ "CXR3649_IM-1811/0.png", "CXR3649_IM-1811/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR1221_IM-0149-0001", "report": "No airspace disease, effusion or noncalcified nodule. Normal heart size and mediastinum. Visualized XXXX of the chest XXXX are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "CXR1221_IM-0149-0001/0.png", "CXR1221_IM-0149-0001/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR841_IM-2365", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is unremarkable. Left upper extremity PIC catheter tip overlies the distal aspect of the left clavicle XXXX within the subclavian vein. There is no pneumothorax. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but clear. Deformity of the lateral left 6th rib, XXXX old injury.", "image_path": [ "CXR841_IM-2365/0.png", "CXR841_IM-2365/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2293_IM-0875", "report": "The heart is normal in size. The mediastinum is stable. The previously visualized bilateral pneumothoraces have resolved. Right chest wall surgical XXXX have been removed. There is improved aeration in the lung bases with mild residual XXXX opacities compatible with scarring or atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "CXR2293_IM-0875/0.png", "CXR2293_IM-0875/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3728_IM-1864", "report": "The XXXX examination consists of frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax identified. The visualized osseous structures and upper abdomen are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "CXR3728_IM-1864/0.png", "CXR3728_IM-1864/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2361_IM-0926", "report": "Stable mild rightward curvature of the thoracic spine. Heart size is normal. No focal airspace disease. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute osseous findings.", "image_path": [ "CXR2361_IM-0926/0.png", "CXR2361_IM-0926/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR2362_IM-0926", "report": "Lungs are clear bilaterally. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR2362_IM-0926/0.png", "CXR2362_IM-0926/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR3996_IM-2047", "report": "The lungs are clear. Heart size is normal. No pneumothorax. There are endplate changes in the spine.", "image_path": [ "CXR3996_IM-2047/0.png", "CXR3996_IM-2047/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "CXR729_IM-2288", "report": "No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion identified. However, there is a 1.7 cm nodular opacity within the right hilum, which may represent partially calcified granuloma or lymphadenopathy. Scattered calcified granulomas also seen. Heart size is upper limit normal. No acute bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "CXR729_IM-2288/0.png", "CXR729_IM-2288/1.png" ], "split": "train", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/iu_xray/images" }, { "id": "df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1", "study_id": 53379950, "subject_id": 12390084, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no focal\n lung consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12390084/s53379950/df851e66-1968ad73-dcc1849a-1cabdfab-cedd0bf1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cabb5fa9-d1acd957-85f5de3b-98fe2481-6ebf62bd", "study_id": 55352995, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "There has been interval improvement in aeration in the lower lobes. No focal\n infiltrate is identified. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s55352995/cabb5fa9-d1acd957-85f5de3b-98fe2481-6ebf62bd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "830c370a-a1f80137-f014ce2f-875aac45-4ead0285", "study_id": 51182510, "subject_id": 17052080, "report": "impression: 1. Patchy bibasilar opacities may represent atelectasis but cannot exclude\n infection. \n 2. New mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary edema and small bilateral\n pleural effusion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Mild\n cardiomegaly is new since ___. There is calcification of the aortic\n knob. Increased interstitial lung markings are compatible with mild pulmonary\n edema. Patchy opacities at the lung bases may represent atelectasis, but\n infection cannot be excluded. Minimal costophrenic blunting on lateral view\n suggests small bilateral pleural effusions. There is no pneumothorax. \n Osseous structures are unremarkable. No radiopaque foreign bodies are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17052080/s51182510/830c370a-a1f80137-f014ce2f-875aac45-4ead0285.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c13c94d-a6893cf5-5cd6d737-fe3cfe58-c9ba37c1", "study_id": 59409243, "subject_id": 11529986, "report": "impression: Grossly clear lungs.\n Large hiatal hernia.\n Bone metastases. Findings: Lung volumes are low, however the lungs are grossly clear. There is a large\n hiatal hernia. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is\n generalized osteopenia and multilevel spinal degenerative changes. Subtle\n sclerotic lesions in multiple thoracic vertebral bodies likely correspond to\n known sclerotic metastases. No radiographic evidence of obvious progression or\n complications. Thoracolumbar spine kyphosis is worsened since ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11529986/s59409243/2c13c94d-a6893cf5-5cd6d737-fe3cfe58-c9ba37c1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9ec31391-5cb6e49a-03c0288f-469b0fea-cff8d6c8", "study_id": 51468217, "subject_id": 17063660, "report": "impression: Rounded radiopaque structure with the appearance of a ring projects over the\n left upper quadrant on the frontal view, not seen/included on the lateral\n view. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. \n There is a rounded radiopaque structure with the appearance of the ring seen\n projecting over the left upper quadrant on the frontal view, not included on\n the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17063660/s51468217/9ec31391-5cb6e49a-03c0288f-469b0fea-cff8d6c8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e6df081-ae0880f5-c5c3aba7-77eaa2c1-d46f09a8", "study_id": 54614197, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the nasogastric tube has\n been removed. Internal jugular vein catheter remains in unchanged position. \n The pre-existing bilateral diffuse parenchymal alveolar opacities with air\n bronchograms show a further slight increase in severity. There is no evidence\n of interval pleural effusions. Minimal bilateral, left more than right areas\n of atelectasis. No pneumothorax, no pneumomediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s54614197/7e6df081-ae0880f5-c5c3aba7-77eaa2c1-d46f09a8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c74d21c-53fddedf-a2bb1745-bd2de6ee-d9f68f8a", "study_id": 54717070, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: 1. Worsening pulmonary vascular congestion and edema. Mild chronic\n cardiomegaly.\n 2. Chronic small pleural effusions, posterior pleural loculation.\n 3. Recommend baseline chest CT to further evaluate chronic pleural thickening\n and nodulation at the right base. Findings: Stable cardiomegaly. There is worsening pulmonary vascular congestion and mild\n pulmonary edema. Pleural effusions are stable. No pneumothorax is seen. \n Right hilar fullness is a manifestation of mild heart failure. Again seen is\n chronic posterior pleural thickening and nodulation at the right base.\n Again seen is thoracic fusion hardware, unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s54717070/6c74d21c-53fddedf-a2bb1745-bd2de6ee-d9f68f8a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e06c3657-c7a51377-0889b204-130dbf18-21af28ea", "study_id": 55648427, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Low lung volumes, moderate cardiomegaly with minimal fluid overload\n but without focal parenchymal opacities suggesting pneumonia. Minimal\n atelectasis at the lung bases. No larger pleural effusions. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s55648427/e06c3657-c7a51377-0889b204-130dbf18-21af28ea.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ddb6d871-83f1673f-96525527-40edfaa8-32689e38", "study_id": 53169528, "subject_id": 15793456, "report": "impression: Again seen is extensive emphysema with prominent bullous changes particularly\n at the bases. However, there is increased lucency at the left base with\n slight elevation of the left hemidiaphragm as well as increasing infrahilar\n opacity. Findings therefore raise the possibility of a loculated\n pneumothorax. Followup imaging is recommended.\n \n Endotracheal tube has its tip approximately 6 cm above the carina. A left\n subclavian PICC line has its tip in the distal SVC near the cavoatrial\n junction and a nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm with the\n tip not identified. No pulmonary edema. Findings: Portable semi supine chest radiograph ___ 04:13 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15793456/s53169528/ddb6d871-83f1673f-96525527-40edfaa8-32689e38.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84f30297-39be3e30-021f9ceb-c14a866a-ff7053d3", "study_id": 58175663, "subject_id": 16034181, "report": "impression: Increasing cardiomegaly and vascular congestion. Unchanged small bilateral\n pleural effusions. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly has increased in size compared to ___ with increased\n pulmonary vascular engorgement. Small bilateral pleural effusions are\n unchanged, and the lungs are clear of focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16034181/s58175663/84f30297-39be3e30-021f9ceb-c14a866a-ff7053d3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bab86a42-05db59f4-454c02e1-0bbe3f31-9cdc1707", "study_id": 57098023, "subject_id": 12184969, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12184969/s57098023/bab86a42-05db59f4-454c02e1-0bbe3f31-9cdc1707.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82ed5499-22d93514-a1cced80-066ab639-2066625f", "study_id": 54097156, "subject_id": 12955039, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No focal consolidation, effusion,\n edema, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Hila are\n unremarkable. No acute osseous abnormality. Upper abdomen bowel gas pattern\n is nonspecific.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12955039/s54097156/82ed5499-22d93514-a1cced80-066ab639-2066625f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0e6ae67-f29f6b22-401dbf2c-393e1029-2691d372", "study_id": 51908330, "subject_id": 18162895, "report": "impression: Known pneumomediastinum identified on chest CT from one day prior\n is not clearly identified by this plain film. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Calcified\n granuloma again seen at the right lung base. There is no pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Pneumomediastinum\n identified on prior chest CT is not definitively identified by this chest\n x-ray. There is no subcutaneous gas identified in the neck. There is no free\n intraperitoneal air. Osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18162895/s51908330/f0e6ae67-f29f6b22-401dbf2c-393e1029-2691d372.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a0fbb50-16fcbb3c-b43ab7db-64bdd2fa-0d3ba8ae", "study_id": 53320690, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia. Findings: The multifocal bilateral opacities have essentially completely resolved since\n ___. Left pleural effusion has also completely resolved. Residual\n background emphysematous changes most prominent in the right upper lung with\n scarring and pleural thickening as well as background post-left upper\n lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm are unchanged\n compared to ___. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle reflects\n thickening/scarring. A calcified perihilar node is unchanged. The heart is\n normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous,\n unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of thoracic spine is overall similar with\n similar distortion of thoracic cage. Prominent degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine are also overall unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s53320690/5a0fbb50-16fcbb3c-b43ab7db-64bdd2fa-0d3ba8ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "36b80f83-181f47f3-7f54839c-4f80a1f3-60de306a", "study_id": 52447787, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of intrathoracic malignancy by radiography. \n 2. Stable right lower lung granuloma. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest show a left pectoral\n pacemaker with a single lead unchanged in position within the right ventricle.\n Bilateral apical pleural thickening is unchanged. A right lower lung\n granuloma is stable from the preceding radiograph. The lungs are otherwise\n clear without pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. No new\n pulmonary nodule is detected by radiography. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The cardiac silhouette is top normal in size but stable. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits and unchanged from\n ___.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s52447787/36b80f83-181f47f3-7f54839c-4f80a1f3-60de306a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b29bb966-45c209b8-1dee89af-5f791df9-481fe9f4", "study_id": 54249174, "subject_id": 13312840, "report": "impression: The NG tube is in the midesophagus. The subsequent film dictated prior to\n this study shows the NG tube was advanced to the appropriate position. Findings: The lungs are only partially visualized on this study. Lower lungs appear\n unchanged without wall focal consolidations or pleural effusions. The\n partially visualized cardiomediastinal contours appear stable. The NG tube is\n visualized in the thorax likely coiled in the mid esophagus.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13312840/s54249174/b29bb966-45c209b8-1dee89af-5f791df9-481fe9f4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "894066e5-5d358d23-4a0565ac-ebb2bd92-c882bc27", "study_id": 51878253, "subject_id": 16768418, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged\n position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16768418/s51878253/894066e5-5d358d23-4a0565ac-ebb2bd92-c882bc27.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d307bd6f-24992159-2810d7aa-2a48cfc0-7696aa07", "study_id": 57718488, "subject_id": 14028959, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n \n 2. No displaced rib fractures seen; if continued concern for rib fracture,\n consider a dedicated rib series. Findings: The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. A focal calcification appears to\n be within the right breast, unchanged. Surgical clips are noted projecting\n over the right upper quadrant. No displaced rib fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14028959/s57718488/d307bd6f-24992159-2810d7aa-2a48cfc0-7696aa07.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca27223c-046c7c71-84a448f9-cd2bfe19-fecb7623", "study_id": 50050632, "subject_id": 13313381, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. \n No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13313381/s50050632/ca27223c-046c7c71-84a448f9-cd2bfe19-fecb7623.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2dca8086-7691c675-6078acc9-e190d786-24ed5466", "study_id": 51511763, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is normal in size, and there is no overt\n edema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s51511763/2dca8086-7691c675-6078acc9-e190d786-24ed5466.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd7f98a8-f0bd8f93-d89e5076-48b04556-0792d3c6", "study_id": 58289892, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "impression: Mild bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The endotracheal tube tip is between the clavicular heads. The\n endogastric tube courses inferiorly through the expected region of the\n stomach. The heart size is likely within normal limits, exaggerated by the\n patient's leftward rotation. The mediastinal and hilar contours are also\n within normal limits. Again prominent soft tissue density in the right\n superior mediastinal space displaces the normal midline structures towards the\n left; this mass likely represents a goiter. The lungs demonstrate mild\n bibasilar atelectasis. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s58289892/dd7f98a8-f0bd8f93-d89e5076-48b04556-0792d3c6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2da4bc59-601fa386-1d07436a-cbde67df-54495e0d", "study_id": 53862674, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: 1. Hyper-expanded lungs, consistent with emphysema.\n \n 2. No definite rib fracture on chest radiograph.\n \n 3. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Stable small calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are\n hyper-expanded with associated flattening of the diaphragms. No focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Stable\n normal-appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila. Calcified pleural\n plaques are unchanged from the prior exam. No acute rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53862674/2da4bc59-601fa386-1d07436a-cbde67df-54495e0d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57eb3bc1-e545c54d-119c0054-14d0f8cd-7d46d994", "study_id": 53880874, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable and within normal limits. The\n hila are within normal limits. There is volume loss of the left upper lung. \n The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Deformity\n of the left posterior sixth rib is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s53880874/57eb3bc1-e545c54d-119c0054-14d0f8cd-7d46d994.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3a30ee6-a23b54c0-6b4d9444-3703233d-1f7a5a46", "study_id": 54656635, "subject_id": 13318908, "report": "impression: The tip of the right internal jugular central venous catheter projects over\n the right atrium.\n \n Low bilateral lung volumes. Retrocardiac opacity likely reflects postop\n atelectasis. Findings: The tip of the right internal jugular central venous catheter projects over\n the right atrium.\n \n Low bilateral lung volumes and. There is a new retrocardiac opacity likely\n reflective of atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. \n The size the cardiac silhouette is enlarged, likely exaggerated by the low\n lung volumes and AP technique.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13318908/s54656635/c3a30ee6-a23b54c0-6b4d9444-3703233d-1f7a5a46.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31d9847f-987fcf63-704f7496-d2b21eb8-63cd973e", "study_id": 57641661, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "impression: Persistent small bilateral effusions, larger on the left which have decreased\n in size. Decreased pulmonary vascular congestion. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Size of the bilateral effusions, left\n greater than right has slightly decreased in size since prior exam. There is\n less pulmonary vascular congestion on the current exam as well. Cardiac\n silhouette which appears enlarged, is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s57641661/31d9847f-987fcf63-704f7496-d2b21eb8-63cd973e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2ba8a7e1-5344e916-23345925-d9ce9860-ac1dee84", "study_id": 59664377, "subject_id": 17465363, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for TB . Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal size. There is a\n well-circumscribed ovoid density in the posterior right eighth rib, consistent\n with a bone island seen on prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17465363/s59664377/2ba8a7e1-5344e916-23345925-d9ce9860-ac1dee84.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28bcbc77-70736463-dc95285f-40b115a7-5d7b7f15", "study_id": 55148571, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Again seen in the\n right upper lobe is a calcified granuloma. The previously described multiple\n lung nodules are not as conspicuous on this study and are better characterized\n on the previous chest CT. An old right seventh rib fracture is present. A\n wedge compression fracture of the mid thoracic spine is unchanged. The heart\n size is normal. Aortic calcifications are seen in an otherwise normal\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s55148571/28bcbc77-70736463-dc95285f-40b115a7-5d7b7f15.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42fa5a10-17856f17-da125a25-87062ee3-f9e4c296", "study_id": 51080370, "subject_id": 13376876, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph without evidence of all-trans retinoic\n acid syndrome. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are reviewed and compared to the\n prior study. Normal heart, lungs, pleural and mediastinal surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13376876/s51080370/42fa5a10-17856f17-da125a25-87062ee3-f9e4c296.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c7700b8-19401338-187bcaf9-bf35ab7d-5ffed660", "study_id": 53913303, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: New left large pleural effusions with pulmonary nodules bilaterally. Question\n enlarged heart with pleural effusion. No evidence to suggest tamponade. \n \n These findings were communicated to the ordering physician ___. ___ by Dr.\n ___ at 15:20 on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate new large left pleural\n effusion with diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules better seen on CT dated ___. There is additional shift of the mediastinum to the right\n with an enlarged heart. Question pleural effusion. No evidence of tamponade.\n There is collapse of the left lower lobe. There is no pleural effusion on the\n right. There is no pneumothorax. A single chamber pacemaker is identified\n with its tip terminating in the right ventricle in standard position.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s53913303/0c7700b8-19401338-187bcaf9-bf35ab7d-5ffed660.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6eb47aae-b9418849-f08de5c5-25a7216a-1f11ca7e", "study_id": 55979282, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are relatively hyperinflated with the cardiac silhouette appearing\n slightly smaller as compared the prior study. Mediastinal contours\n unremarkable. No overt pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation, large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Subtle streaky left base retrocardiac\n opacity is likely atelectasis and overlap of vascular structures. Right-sided\n central venous catheter terminates in the low SVC. Tracheostomy tube is re-\n demonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s55979282/6eb47aae-b9418849-f08de5c5-25a7216a-1f11ca7e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0e2802e-7ba958f6-7db1cbc3-31f2a1d0-0ac20695", "study_id": 50536002, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion seen on ___ exam has resolved. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. No\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n pneumomediastinum. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart\n size is normal. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is seen on ___ exam\n has resolved. Insterstiail markings appear prominent which may reflect\n underlying small airways disease or interstitial disease. Clinical\n correlation is advised. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s50536002/d0e2802e-7ba958f6-7db1cbc3-31f2a1d0-0ac20695.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee219be2-16844050-a207fdc4-7f70a5dc-3ef6179a", "study_id": 55981228, "subject_id": 19486351, "report": "impression: Tiny left pleural effusion with expected post-surgical appearance\n to the left lung. Findings: The right lung is clear. Post-surgical changes are noted in the\n left lung with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and rightward deviation of\n normally midline structures as expected after completion left upper lobectomy.\n Tiny left pleural effusion may be present. Cardiac silhouette is\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19486351/s55981228/ee219be2-16844050-a207fdc4-7f70a5dc-3ef6179a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "064e926b-28021384-d5cb542c-d54a9c5e-691c53eb", "study_id": 51553781, "subject_id": 12388581, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without definite superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is rotated to the left. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is likely at least mild\n cardiomegaly although evaluation is limited due to patient positioning. There\n is no visualized pneumomediastinum. Right humeral head orthopedic hardware is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12388581/s51553781/064e926b-28021384-d5cb542c-d54a9c5e-691c53eb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad7d1cde-f67b3e6f-3420f812-641b1b2f-b2441e48", "study_id": 52663873, "subject_id": 16197098, "report": "impression: Widened mediastinum which could be secondary to many factors including low\n lung volumes however acute aortic pathology cannot be ruled out on the basis\n of this radiograph.\n \n On attending readout comment is also noted that the tissue posterior to the\n sternum was thickened. All these findings are probably due to low lung volumes\n and a repeat PA and lateral radiograph with full inspiration would be able to\n better assess the situation.\n \n Updated findings after attending readout discussed with ___ at\n 8:36 AM via telephone. Initial findings discussed with ___ at 5:20 AM\n via telephone. Findings: The mediastinum appears widened especially comparatively to the most recent\n prior chest x-ray however some of this may be due to low lung volumes. The\n lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16197098/s52663873/ad7d1cde-f67b3e6f-3420f812-641b1b2f-b2441e48.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09df9e78-971e1a02-c9968fef-e789e1ff-6ca76ab2", "study_id": 56461985, "subject_id": 11619788, "report": "impression: Minimal bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The cardiac silhouette size is mildly enlarged. The aorta is unfolded and\n calcified but unchanged. The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise\n unremarkable. Minimal linear opacities in the lung bases are compatible with\n subsegmental atelectasis. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11619788/s56461985/09df9e78-971e1a02-c9968fef-e789e1ff-6ca76ab2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab2aaf36-39384bfa-427a821e-2f840195-c542824b", "study_id": 52896510, "subject_id": 14392929, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: AP and lateral images of the chest. \n \n The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14392929/s52896510/ab2aaf36-39384bfa-427a821e-2f840195-c542824b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30c6c3cb-096d81f9-8a699d90-4b7b7ce4-843992b1", "study_id": 51699028, "subject_id": 16596972, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.\n 2. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Eventration the right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. The left hemidiaphragm\n remains shallow since ___ suggesting pleural scarring. A small left\n pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Right hilar, subcarinal\n mediastinal and possible left hilar lymphadenopathy is unchanged since ___. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumonia\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16596972/s51699028/30c6c3cb-096d81f9-8a699d90-4b7b7ce4-843992b1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25142c57-f3723dbf-b7bd3225-66ec6472-ddc1c56c", "study_id": 56607012, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient has undergone\n thoracocentesis on the left. The pleural effusion has slightly decreased in\n extent but still occupies approximately two-thirds of the left hemithorax. \n There is no evidence of pneumothorax. Unchanged appearance of the known\n bilateral extensive pulmonary nodules.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s56607012/25142c57-f3723dbf-b7bd3225-66ec6472-ddc1c56c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdd0f372-e708b3b0-e9328838-c9a7f29f-f68971d0", "study_id": 54072113, "subject_id": 13196707, "report": "impression: No convincing signs of pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted. The heart appears\n top-normal in size. There is a SVC stent in place. Known right suprahilar\n mass is better assessed on recent prior CT exam. Multiple pulmonary nodules\n are also better assessed on prior CT. There is no new consolidation, large\n effusion or pneumothorax seen. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13196707/s54072113/bdd0f372-e708b3b0-e9328838-c9a7f29f-f68971d0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "072f7231-5cf47203-6fd7994e-ed9b5111-008da8c6", "study_id": 56279353, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s56279353/072f7231-5cf47203-6fd7994e-ed9b5111-008da8c6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "192b6e3d-ec405303-9b315b5d-1dd90a9c-e6310078", "study_id": 55608147, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are no focal opacities. The patient has prominent epicardial\n fat pads with blunting of the left pleural sulcus and the right cardiophrenic\n angle, but this is unchanged compared with ___. Mild-to-moderate\n cardiomegaly is present, but the cardiomediastinal contour is unremarkable\n otherwise. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s55608147/192b6e3d-ec405303-9b315b5d-1dd90a9c-e6310078.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ec4a1322-8a9bf09f-33fbd390-0a0943c8-11b3c889", "study_id": 59225584, "subject_id": 18482407, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The heart size is normal. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unchanged with minimal tortuosity of the thoracic\n aorta. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. A calcified granuloma in the right\n upper lung field measuring 4 mm is unchanged. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. There is no free air under the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18482407/s59225584/ec4a1322-8a9bf09f-33fbd390-0a0943c8-11b3c889.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "846d111d-b06db236-e8ad3b94-2d90a99b-82cea8a1", "study_id": 53799929, "subject_id": 10269181, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without consolidation or edema. The\n mediastinum is unremarkable. The cardiac silhouette is within normal limits\n for size. No effusion or pneumothorax is noted. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10269181/s53799929/846d111d-b06db236-e8ad3b94-2d90a99b-82cea8a1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e05ca1d-9916266c-c58cb1a6-0acf8d1c-bf213534", "study_id": 50137061, "subject_id": 15072866, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15072866/s50137061/1e05ca1d-9916266c-c58cb1a6-0acf8d1c-bf213534.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb3f07a8-beb19591-79af0942-6ba135e7-d3e24bb7", "study_id": 55960864, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: COPD with left upper lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Please note,\n follow-up to resolution is strongly recommended to exclude underlying\n malignant process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n There is left lung volume loss with increased left upper lung opacity\n concerning for pneumonia. Scarring in the right apex is noted. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal\n contour is within normal limits. Aortic calcification is present. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s55960864/bb3f07a8-beb19591-79af0942-6ba135e7-d3e24bb7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "451a20c9-4cebf6f8-2b833fda-30b69220-dca29a9d", "study_id": 57096268, "subject_id": 14720011, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14720011/s57096268/451a20c9-4cebf6f8-2b833fda-30b69220-dca29a9d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "925adb8d-69aca63a-440c3d56-6b7842af-89d5994b", "study_id": 53036025, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: 1. Slowly growing peripheral right upper lobe lung nodule is concerning for\n primary lung adenocarcinoma. Dedicated chest CT may be considered for more\n accurate assessment as well as to evaluate for possible right hilar lymph node\n enlargement warranted clinically.\n 2. Low lung volumes limit assessment of the lung bases for pneumonia. Given\n clinical suspicion for this entity, this could be further evaluated with\n repeat chest radiograph with improved inspiratory level. Dr. ___ was paged\n with these results at 8:15 a.m. on ___, at the time of discovery. Findings: Peripheral right upper lobe lung nodule has grown compared to the\n prior CT chest of ___ and chest radiograph of ___. On\n the prior chest radiograph, it measured 1.6 cm in diameter and now measures\n 1.9 cm. As AP technique may magnify the nodule, dedicated chest CT may be\n considered for more accurate assessment of interval growth as well as possible\n development of lymphadenopathy in the right hilum. Heart remains enlarged. \n Low lung volumes accentuate the pulmonary vascular structures. Minor\n bibasilar atelectasis is present. No definite pleural effusion. Single-lead\n pacer remains in place, with lead terminating in right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s53036025/925adb8d-69aca63a-440c3d56-6b7842af-89d5994b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b75e4086-9352431d-f07e12b0-a8669ac7-28a1f693", "study_id": 54056728, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "impression: 1. Left PICC line ends at mid SVC. No pneumothorax.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion is new since ___. Findings: Left PICC line ends approximately at mid SVC. Small left pleural\n effusion is new since ___. There is no pleural abnormality on\n the right side. Lungs are well expanded and without any opacities concerning\n for pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s54056728/b75e4086-9352431d-f07e12b0-a8669ac7-28a1f693.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c6b9c0b-a92050fa-fcb78bd5-95f371a4-255b176c", "study_id": 57819424, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low, but there is no focal\n consolidation. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum. No radiographically\n apparent esophageal abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s57819424/2c6b9c0b-a92050fa-fcb78bd5-95f371a4-255b176c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0747fa57-65ee11cc-ed504521-5cfed40f-2a61d9b7", "study_id": 52480192, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. Mild reticular denisities are again\n seen throughout both lungs, less prominent, suggestive of improved chronic\n interstitial disease. No bony abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s52480192/0747fa57-65ee11cc-ed504521-5cfed40f-2a61d9b7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb2fabb7-4bbc8aab-d7371282-08e5bcb5-de2e430a", "study_id": 53282957, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema with moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions\n and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Heart size is difficult to assess given the presence of moderate to large\n bilateral pleural effusions, but appears at least moderately enlarged. The\n mediastinal contours are grossly unremarkable. Perihilar haziness with\n vascular indistinctness and diffuse alveolar opacities are compatible with\n moderate pulmonary edema. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis is demonstrated. \n No pneumothorax is seen. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes are noted\n in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s53282957/eb2fabb7-4bbc8aab-d7371282-08e5bcb5-de2e430a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f52765f8-018073b3-3ce025f3-c3820e4f-a3c35f56", "study_id": 56811276, "subject_id": 11082901, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11082901/s56811276/f52765f8-018073b3-3ce025f3-c3820e4f-a3c35f56.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b6ea4f6-89ae50df-87c1a2b5-dfcfcf4e-43d511e1", "study_id": 58095545, "subject_id": 17257394, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable. No\n overt pulmonary edema is seen. No displaced fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257394/s58095545/8b6ea4f6-89ae50df-87c1a2b5-dfcfcf4e-43d511e1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74148346-3344cf5f-1ce06a31-e433d994-9e1fabd5", "study_id": 57478248, "subject_id": 18166102, "report": "impression: Retrocardiac opacification concerning for pneumonia. Repeat radiograph 6\n weeks after completion of treatment is recommended to ensure resolution. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded with increased opacification of the right upper\n and middle lobes with silhouetting of the right cardiac border and\n retrocardiac opacification on lateral view suggests pneumonia. The\n mediastinal silhouette and bilateral hemidiaphragms stable. The left lung is\n clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is present.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18166102/s57478248/74148346-3344cf5f-1ce06a31-e433d994-9e1fabd5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35b9c6fa-00c88823-d2b016e7-860235a2-35e10b1b", "study_id": 54832536, "subject_id": 17945610, "report": "impression: As above.. Findings: Compared with ___ at 16:27, the ET tube, NG tube and left IJ central\n line have been removed. The right pigtail has also been removed. Minimal\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle is very slightly greater. No\n pneumothorax or other evidence of right-sided effusion is identified. \n Allowing for technical differences, there is otherwise minimal interval\n change.\n \n Again seen is focal sclerosis in the right proximal humerus. Is there history\n of old healed fracture. No lucent fracture line is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17945610/s54832536/35b9c6fa-00c88823-d2b016e7-860235a2-35e10b1b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01913fe9-f0448eac-8f439832-dc05486f-95545a64", "study_id": 59848394, "subject_id": 13171410, "report": "Right chest tube remains in place with a persistent small right\n apicolateral pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal contours are stable in the\n postoperative period. Bibasilar atelectasis persists and is slightly worsened\n in the left lower lobe. Moderate partially loculated left pleural effusion\n has slightly decreased in size, and a small right pleural effusion is\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13171410/s59848394/01913fe9-f0448eac-8f439832-dc05486f-95545a64.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11f8196c-fabce921-4f144f23-5ae15c0c-791e7464", "study_id": 57861479, "subject_id": 17933711, "report": "impression: Borderline heart size but stable. Mild upper zone redistribution\n pattern suggestive of mild chronic pulmonary congestion. Findings are stable\n and not advanced. No evidence of acute infiltrates. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study ___ ___. Again, borderline heart size is noted without\n typical configurational abnormality. Unremarkable appearance of thoracic\n aorta. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates a mild upper zone\n redistribution pattern, but there is no evidence of interstitial or alveolar\n edema. No evidence of acute pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates is present, and\n the lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free from any fluid\n accumulation. No pneumothorax in the apical area. Skeletal structures of the\n thorax are unchanged and grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17933711/s57861479/11f8196c-fabce921-4f144f23-5ae15c0c-791e7464.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbdfd86e-301abe12-26cc5618-de3c4b67-18d1034a", "study_id": 59322832, "subject_id": 19423061, "report": "impression: 1. Port-A-Cath tip over distal SVC.\n 2. Bibasilar focal opacities, likely corresponding to opacity seen on an\n outside the ___ chest CT. Correlation with clinical history is\n requested for further assessment.\n 3. Small right effusion. Findings: A Port-A-Cath is in place, with tip over distal SVC.\n \n There is background hyperinflation, consistent with COPD. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is not enlarged. Mild aortic calcification noted.\n \n There is slight blunting of the right cardiophrenic angle, consistent with a\n small amount of pleural fluid or thickening. On the lateral view, there is\n suggestion of focal nodular density in the lower lobe posteriorly on 1 side.\n Additional patchy density projects over the cardiac silhouette. Indistinct\n opacities are seen laterally in both right and left lower zones. These small\n opacities likely correspond to opacities seen on the ___ chest CT.\n \n No CHF or large consolidation is identified. Oral contrast is noted within the\n bowel.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19423061/s59322832/dbdfd86e-301abe12-26cc5618-de3c4b67-18d1034a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dd797618-d289b1b9-76b0c234-cb3e2fca-197a188e", "study_id": 51511763, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is normal in size, and there is no overt\n edema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s51511763/dd797618-d289b1b9-76b0c234-cb3e2fca-197a188e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b15eb932-15df0889-519b3c56-5b813026-c65395a3", "study_id": 58239562, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been substantial\n removal of pleural fluid from the left hemithorax with a small remainder. No\n evidence of pneumothorax. Overall appearance of the heart and lungs is\n otherwise essentially unchanged. The tip of the left subclavian catheter\n extends to the mid-to-lower portion of the SVC.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s58239562/b15eb932-15df0889-519b3c56-5b813026-c65395a3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83cada44-22eeaa71-e5622be6-dd3eb0ad-9b1ccc68", "study_id": 55257270, "subject_id": 17079101, "report": "impression: Right PICC retracted with tip terminating in the upper-to-mid\n SVC.\n \n Findings were reported by Dr. ___ to IV nurse, ___, via\n telephone at 10:40 a.m. on ___. Findings: The right PICC has been retracted with the tip now terminating in\n the upper-to-mid SVC. The appearance of the chest is otherwise unchanged from\n chest radiograph performed earlier the same day with evidence of right-sided\n volume loss, mild pulmonary vascular congestion and mild bibasilar\n atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17079101/s55257270/83cada44-22eeaa71-e5622be6-dd3eb0ad-9b1ccc68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66423af7-ad57034e-b950291f-d84abf0a-902afb34", "study_id": 54806621, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: Left lower lung opacity could either be a focal area of atelectasis or even a\n lung nodule. It could not be seen before the chest x-ray of ___.\n If warranted, CT scan could be done to assess this abnormality. \n \n There is no significant change since ___ in chronic pulmonary\n vessel cephalization and loculated pleural effusion on the right. \n \n \n \n The results have been posted to Radiology dashboard for direct notification to\n referring physician. Findings: Pulmonary vascular cephalization is chronic. Moderate loculated right pleural\n effusion going into the fissure is stable. 22 mm opacity projects at the left\n lung base unchanged since ___, but could not be clearly seen before\n that. Mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. The patient is status post\n fusion with posterior screws at T6 through T9 levels.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s54806621/66423af7-ad57034e-b950291f-d84abf0a-902afb34.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5ccbb4c-fe240b55-19cfa1a7-48bc782d-22e7841a", "study_id": 55060173, "subject_id": 19112585, "report": "impression: Feeding tube courses below the diaphragm with tip not identified. Right\n internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter has its tip in the right pulmonary outflow\n tract. Status post median sternotomy with expected stable postoperative\n cardiac and mediastinal contours. Interval worsening of moderate pulmonary\n edema; an infectious process would be less likely. Probable layering\n effusions, left greater than right. No pneumothorax. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest film ___ at 05:49", "image_path": [ "p19/p19112585/s55060173/a5ccbb4c-fe240b55-19cfa1a7-48bc782d-22e7841a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a0f5a683-e287a03c-6fa57c7c-0e9ea9bb-a7ee872f", "study_id": 55003488, "subject_id": 14158492, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Relatively low lung volumes without evidence of pneumonia or\n pulmonary edema. Neither the frontal nor the lateral radiographs show\n evidence of pleural effusions. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No\n abnormal hilar or mediastinal contours. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14158492/s55003488/a0f5a683-e287a03c-6fa57c7c-0e9ea9bb-a7ee872f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11", "study_id": 51222490, "subject_id": 13055950, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again substantial\n elevation of the left hemidiaphragmatic contour with mild atelectatic changes\n at the left base. No evidence of acute pneumonia or vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13055950/s51222490/f2948447-484794a5-6fb5339c-38ea0630-f00b4d11.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20c64870-d997ca68-0c568c8b-eaa9f10c-809cbc76", "study_id": 59567651, "subject_id": 18573829, "report": "impression: Left-sided PICC line is confirmed to end at the level of the mid SVC in the\n lateral view. Otherwise unchanged appearance of the thorax compared with\n radiograph performed 3 hr earlier. Findings: The left-sided PICC line is confirmed to end at the level of the mid SVC in\n the lateral view. Otherwise there is no significant change compared with\n radiograph performed 3 hr earlier, with bilateral pleural effusions, right\n worse than left with probable associated atelectasis. No focal parenchymal\n opacities are seen in the aerated portions of the lungs. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n A left-sided IJ line ends in the upper atrium. Sternotomy wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18573829/s59567651/20c64870-d997ca68-0c568c8b-eaa9f10c-809cbc76.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4e05e8d-f1cc5629-84b87ad8-9f4c0402-17e6f75e", "study_id": 50995901, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there has been some decrease\n in the still substantial left pleural effusion. There is a small pleural\n effusion on the right extending into the minor fissure. The pulmonary\n vascular congestion has essentially cleared. Bibasilar atelectatic changes\n are present.\n \n Port-A-Cath again extends to the cavoatrial junction or right atrium.\n \n The possibility of supervening pneumonia would be difficult to exclude in the\n appropriate clinical setting.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s50995901/a4e05e8d-f1cc5629-84b87ad8-9f4c0402-17e6f75e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "632aa920-047fa58d-57bb9ec3-53497e57-ab6df53a", "study_id": 59472868, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "impression: 1. Interval intubation, endotracheal tube tip is at least 1.3 cm from the\n level of the carina.\n 2. Hyperexpansion, with no acute chest abnormality. Findings: In the interim, the patient has been intubated, the endotracheal\n tube tip lies no less than 1.3 cm from the level of the carina. The lungs\n remain hyperexpanded, with no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The cardiac\n silhouette remains normal in size, the mediastinal contours are notable for\n aortic ectasia. There is a healed fracture of the posterolateral right fifth\n rib. An NG tube remains in place with its tip and sidehole within the\n stomach. Note is made of mitral annular calcifications.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s59472868/632aa920-047fa58d-57bb9ec3-53497e57-ab6df53a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c38c379-9e5cc827-771ffeb4-b5d722d4-127b3224", "study_id": 53862674, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: 1. Hyper-expanded lungs, consistent with emphysema.\n \n 2. No definite rib fracture on chest radiograph.\n \n 3. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Stable small calcified granuloma in the right lower lung. The lungs are\n hyper-expanded with associated flattening of the diaphragms. No focal\n consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary edema. Stable\n normal-appearing cardiomediastinal silhouette and hila. Calcified pleural\n plaques are unchanged from the prior exam. No acute rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53862674/3c38c379-9e5cc827-771ffeb4-b5d722d4-127b3224.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f408f38-01bd3625-ba5e3d67-86aec5a5-4161a165", "study_id": 55380352, "subject_id": 10521109, "report": "impression: Clear lungs without focal consolidation. Probable right-sided\n aortic arch. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There appears to be a right-sided aortic arch. The cardiac silhouette\n is not enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10521109/s55380352/8f408f38-01bd3625-ba5e3d67-86aec5a5-4161a165.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6c52f01-34a7d3e3-2a99de86-82d9a4b5-e07086f7", "study_id": 55332727, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: Interval increase in size of large left-sided pleural effusion\n with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary nodules which are unchanged from ___. There has been\n interval increase in the size of the large left pleural effusion, now with\n some adjacent atelectasis in the left upper lung zone. There is no pleural\n effusion in the right lung. Again seen is a single-chamber pacemaker with tip\n terminating in the right ventricle, in the standard position. No\n pneumothorax. Right-ward shift of the mediastinum is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s55332727/a6c52f01-34a7d3e3-2a99de86-82d9a4b5-e07086f7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d7117501-555c94b2-e493d25e-ac1f3433-09e7204e", "study_id": 58838012, "subject_id": 14971109, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. An opacity inferior to the right mainstem\n bronchus could represent resolving changes secondary to superior segmental\n abnormality, however direct comparison with the chest CT from Atrius is\n recommended.\n \n These findings were communicated to ___ ___ MD via telephone at 11 am on\n ___. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and show an opacity inferior to the right main\n stem bronchus. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and pleural\n surfaces are normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. The\n previously reported right lower lobe abnormality is not visualized on the\n current examination and it was noted to have been resolved by report of a CT\n chest performed with contrast on ___ at ___.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14971109/s58838012/d7117501-555c94b2-e493d25e-ac1f3433-09e7204e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f877eb30-e2155ec8-a0bdcfb3-494d60b8-a0e7c7b7", "study_id": 50561566, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: No significant interval change in bilateral predominantly perihilar\n ill-defined airspace opacities which may reflect a multifocal infectious\n process, but is nonspecific. Findings: There has been little interval change from the prior exam. The heart size is\n normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n pulmonary vascularity is normal without evidence of pulmonary edema. Again\n noted are bilateral ill-defined hazy airspace opacities predominantly within a\n perihilar distribution, not significantly changed in extent compared to the\n recent chest radiograph and chest CT. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s50561566/f877eb30-e2155ec8-a0bdcfb3-494d60b8-a0e7c7b7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81e9d226-e7e5071f-d482f16e-fd218ac1-29df4021", "study_id": 54498314, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: 1. Minimal left apical pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Interval increase of moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n These findings were discussed with ___ ___ by Dr. ___ via\n telephone on ___ at 2:52 p.m., at time of discovery. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there has\n been interval increase of moderate left pleural effusion and increased\n atelectasis at the left lower lung. There is a small right pleural effusion.\n Minimal amount of apical left pneumothorax persists. A right Port-A-Cath\n catheter tip terminates at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s54498314/81e9d226-e7e5071f-d482f16e-fd218ac1-29df4021.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b54a128-2cfacc36-cc674a81-fd5c16c5-78bc9882", "study_id": 59889283, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: ICD leads over right atrium, right ventricle, and in region of coronary sinus.\n \n Probable atelectasis and small right pleural effusion new or more pronounced\n than on ___. Right lung base pneumothorax is considered much less\n likely. Attention to this area on followup films is requested. Findings: An ICD is in place. 1 lead overlies right atrium AND AN other overlies the\n right ventricle. The third lead courses posteriorly and lies in the expected\n location of the coronary sinus.\n \n There is a small effusion at the right costophrenic angle. There is probable\n atelectasis with a small curvilinear sliver of air in between. This is less\n likely to represent a RIGHT LUNG BASE pneumothorax, as there is no\n corresponding abnormality on the lateral view. Left costophrenic sulcus is\n clear.\n \n No overt CHF or focal infiltrate identified. No apical pneumothorax detected.\n \n Background hyperinflation likely present, similar to prior", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s59889283/0b54a128-2cfacc36-cc674a81-fd5c16c5-78bc9882.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8222390f-cdfd6433-74a649ee-a28aeae9-88fd56fe", "study_id": 53169484, "subject_id": 13260103, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural thickening with possible small pleural effusions. Bibasilar\n atelectasis and possible minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Blunting of the bilateral costophrenic angles may be due to small bilateral\n effusions and/or pleural thickening. Mild bibasilar atelectasis is also seen.\n There is no definite focal consolidation. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. \n The cardiac silhouette is top-normal. There may be very minimal pulmonary\n vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13260103/s53169484/8222390f-cdfd6433-74a649ee-a28aeae9-88fd56fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efb2c222-0fe78b2f-2bd67556-d10e01d8-72e87669", "study_id": 50637770, "subject_id": 19586697, "report": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: The heart and mediastinum are normal. The lung fields are clear. The\n costophrenic angles are sharp. No infiltrates are present. There is no\n evidence of a pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19586697/s50637770/efb2c222-0fe78b2f-2bd67556-d10e01d8-72e87669.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4213580d-ac255044-99dbadbe-876a28fe-69c13044", "study_id": 54582114, "subject_id": 12998617, "report": "impression: Left lower lung opacity may be due to pneumonia in the correct clinical\n setting. Findings: There is an asymmetric left lower lung opacity, which could be due to\n infection in the correct clinical setting. The right lung is clear. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No pneumothorax or large\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12998617/s54582114/4213580d-ac255044-99dbadbe-876a28fe-69c13044.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c81743fc-40348d42-c468e36f-0c9077e0-46d24e73", "study_id": 56418467, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been a\n thoracentesis on the left with removal of substantial fluid from the pleural\n space. Specifically, no evidence of appreciable pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s56418467/c81743fc-40348d42-c468e36f-0c9077e0-46d24e73.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1645a8b3-a40b82da-8ea72c55-64a8dfe5-ce6efba4", "study_id": 59535781, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The patient is status post previous median sternotomy\n and coronary bypass surgery. Right internal jugular catheter terminates in\n the lower superior vena cava, with no pneumothorax. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear\n except for linear scar in the lingula. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s59535781/1645a8b3-a40b82da-8ea72c55-64a8dfe5-ce6efba4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f90a985b-e0ebbe62-bfe40107-e99c6162-7df4b246", "study_id": 59369376, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Left-sided pacemaker wires are\n stable. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s59369376/f90a985b-e0ebbe62-bfe40107-e99c6162-7df4b246.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9e9f170-19e813d2-a7c0fbe9-2610a969-b3913c3c", "study_id": 54079675, "subject_id": 19175595, "report": "In comparison to earlier study of this date, there are lower lung\n volumes with little change in the degree of small-to-moderate left\n pneumothorax. Opacification in the retrocardiac region is consistent with\n atelectasis. Right lung is clear and there is no evidence of vascular\n congestion.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19175595/s54079675/f9e9f170-19e813d2-a7c0fbe9-2610a969-b3913c3c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "df51559d-507712fb-fa6e2962-7da4f76b-a209ffe9", "study_id": 52247104, "subject_id": 10738077, "report": "impression: Right PICC with tip terminating in right axilla. These findings were\n communicated to surgical house staff officer ___ by Dr. ___\n ___ telephone at 10:00 on ___. Findings: The AP portable chest radiograph demonstrates right PICC which terminates in\n the axilla. There is no focal consolidation. There is bibasilar atelectasis.\n Heart size is top-normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. There is no pneumothorax or appreciable pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10738077/s52247104/df51559d-507712fb-fa6e2962-7da4f76b-a209ffe9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "984ccf69-a2dacdd1-6ec13d35-3af17fd5-5c583dfa", "study_id": 55385188, "subject_id": 13863916, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13863916/s55385188/984ccf69-a2dacdd1-6ec13d35-3af17fd5-5c583dfa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f72a9857-c7f18038-73f34ab0-7f977374-d544ac69", "study_id": 57377879, "subject_id": 18969267, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart remains mildly enlarged but unchanged. The aorta is tortuous. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18969267/s57377879/f72a9857-c7f18038-73f34ab0-7f977374-d544ac69.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "964b2018-3d3a8dc6-c637225e-16e9a8f8-dabd5c4c", "study_id": 55123749, "subject_id": 16145265, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is upper limits of normal in size. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours as well as pulmonary vascularity are within normal limits. \n Lungs and pleural surfaces are clear. No acute skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16145265/s55123749/964b2018-3d3a8dc6-c637225e-16e9a8f8-dabd5c4c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8533919-65ca2062-6abef4f8-63fa076f-475432a3", "study_id": 54673619, "subject_id": 11686207, "report": "impression: Old stable, probably specific bilateral apical scar formations,\n moderate cardiac enlargement with mild degree of chronic CHF but no evidence\n of acute pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is moderate cardiac enlargement and the thoracic\n aorta is generally widened and elongated. Calcium deposits are seen in the\n wall, mostly at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates\n an upper zone redistribution pattern, but there is no sign of an advanced\n interstitial or alveolar edema. No evidence of acute infiltrates and the\n lateral pleural sinuses are free. In the apical area, thickened pleural\n structures are noted bilaterally and combined with old scar formations and\n irregular densities in the peripheral portions of the parenchyma in this\n territory. When comparison is made with the next previous examination of\n ___, these changes have not undergone any difference in\n appearance anf represent old inactive specific scars. Comparison\n demonstrates on the other hand that the cardiac size has increased mildly and\n so has the upper zone redistribution pattern. Acute infiltrates are not\n present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11686207/s54673619/a8533919-65ca2062-6abef4f8-63fa076f-475432a3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d275e1c7-ddf3bda8-85dc221d-4c9b4fc3-17f8a621", "study_id": 56587661, "subject_id": 15846912, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15846912/s56587661/d275e1c7-ddf3bda8-85dc221d-4c9b4fc3-17f8a621.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c1262ca-2e73d948-e988de44-6da23bff-79ef4e19", "study_id": 50216176, "subject_id": 18480741, "report": "No definite focal opacity to suggest pneumonia is seen. No pleural\n effusion, pulmonary edema or pneumothorax is present. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and pleural surface contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18480741/s50216176/9c1262ca-2e73d948-e988de44-6da23bff-79ef4e19.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9c5fa7a-09bd7ea7-3a8d70e1-294c2963-340a8244", "study_id": 50640883, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: Bilateral interstitial infiltrates most consistent with edema. Continued\n evidence of left lower lobe atelectasis or consolidation. Findings: There are persistent bilateral interstitial infiltrates likely representing\n edema. In addition, there is increased density in the retrocardiac area\n consistent with atelectasis and possibly consolidation. Streaky density\n consistent with subsegmental atelectasis in the middle lobe is no longer\n apparent. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and right internal jugular\n catheter remain in place. Mediastinal structures are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s50640883/b9c5fa7a-09bd7ea7-3a8d70e1-294c2963-340a8244.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d468d381-defa9a3f-980dcf37-2507e827-dde4f6c9", "study_id": 58277756, "subject_id": 11619788, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with bibasilar atelectasis Findings: Lung volumes are low resulting in\n bronchovascular crowding. Linear opacities in the lung bases likely reflect\n atelectasis. There is no overt pulmonary edema. No large pleural effusions\n are identified. There is no confluent consolidation or pneumothorax. \n Calcifications of the aortic knob are again noted. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11619788/s58277756/d468d381-defa9a3f-980dcf37-2507e827-dde4f6c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ad5dbcae-e391d578-f01e2f54-b2d7c96c-0c121ec6", "study_id": 59777295, "subject_id": 10575714, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. \n Allowing for this, the lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10575714/s59777295/ad5dbcae-e391d578-f01e2f54-b2d7c96c-0c121ec6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "120e5b75-c3500201-4fcbcd62-51265bb3-e3371c84", "study_id": 53762826, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. Otherwise unremarkable. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Tiny clips in the left\n axilla are again noted. The heart remains mildly enlarged. There is no focal\n consolidation, large effusion, or pneumothorax. A rounded density at the right\n pulmonary hilum likely represents a large vessel en face. No convincing signs\n of pneumonia or edema. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s53762826/120e5b75-c3500201-4fcbcd62-51265bb3-e3371c84.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a8d14bb-e7b82dd7-5dad553b-e6eb2c41-7a0e3118", "study_id": 55330429, "subject_id": 13171410, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is\n substantially improved. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Status post\n CABG with correct alignment of the sternal wires. Status post right shoulder\n surgery. There currently is no evidence of pneumonia or other acute lung\n disease. The frontal and the lateral radiographs show normal appearance of\n the lung parenchyma. No pulmonary edema. Normal postoperative appearance of\n the mediastinum and hilar structures.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13171410/s55330429/3a8d14bb-e7b82dd7-5dad553b-e6eb2c41-7a0e3118.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8e45d42-826148f0-ecddc635-78da1bb8-218f17be", "study_id": 55933985, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: Bilateral small pleural effusions and moderate congestive\n pulmonary vascular pattern. In comparison with the next previous examination\n 18 months ago, the patient's pulmonary congestion and pleural effusions were\n markedly more pronounced than they are now. Whether the present degree of\n chronic CHF is related to fluid overload must be judged on clinical grounds. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n PA and lateral chest examination of ___. Moderate cardiomegaly as\n before. Upper mediastinal structures are obscured by the presence of two\n ___ rods each with 4 penetrating fixation screws stabilizing the mid\n portion of the thoracic spine. Integrity of orthopedic devices appears\n preserved and is unchanged. Similar as on the previous examination, there is\n evidence of bilateral pleural effusion blunting the lateral pleural sinuses. \n The pleural effusion is moderately more marked on the right side than the\n left. Lateral view indicates extension of fluid into the posteriorly located\n dependent pleural sinuses. No evidence of new acute discrete pulmonary\n infiltrates indicating acute pneumonia. No pneumothorax seen in the apical\n area.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s55933985/c8e45d42-826148f0-ecddc635-78da1bb8-218f17be.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b4ae0cda-2cd5c157-6145e13b-4f90cb33-2a458516", "study_id": 57024988, "subject_id": 19890966, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890966/s57024988/b4ae0cda-2cd5c157-6145e13b-4f90cb33-2a458516.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16e5b1a2-792c2449-d0f46569-a6fc499f-62628542", "study_id": 57834148, "subject_id": 11724488, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air\n beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of\n free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen\n along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11724488/s57834148/16e5b1a2-792c2449-d0f46569-a6fc499f-62628542.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59132f9d-ca07da35-afdde408-a2d7986d-4948d0c3", "study_id": 50457804, "subject_id": 13671677, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Appropriate lead\n positioning. Findings: There is a left-sided dual-lead pacemaker with leads terminating in\n appropriate position in the right ventricle and atrium. The heart size is\n normal. The lungs are clear. Hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pulmonary edema. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous with no\n suggestion of aneurysm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13671677/s50457804/59132f9d-ca07da35-afdde408-a2d7986d-4948d0c3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e201cc97-09508e6a-86aabfaa-71bd9008-6859b9e4", "study_id": 54982764, "subject_id": 16615572, "report": "impression: Interval increased right reticular infiltrate could represent pneumonia or\n interstitial lung disease. Noncontrast chest CT is recommended for further\n characterization. Findings: Post left lobectomy with slight increased prominence of postsurgical scarring\n from previous examination. Interval increased reticular infiltrate and\n honeycomb appearance of the right lung base. Pectus excavatum deformity.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16615572/s54982764/e201cc97-09508e6a-86aabfaa-71bd9008-6859b9e4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b9a39ff-6c9adb54-fb4749e8-0b7c6b3a-efb44324", "study_id": 59968677, "subject_id": 15195289, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change\n and no evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Cardiac silhouette is at\n the upper limits of normal in size and there is no vascular congestion,\n pleural effusion, or acute focal pneumonia. Cervical fusion device is again\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195289/s59968677/2b9a39ff-6c9adb54-fb4749e8-0b7c6b3a-efb44324.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e234016e-d9aa0dc1-ae8d3f95-6ce73d86-05fe30fa", "study_id": 51129693, "subject_id": 16851119, "report": "impression: Dialysis catheter not visualized. Metallic fragmentation in the\n left lower lung. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Metallic\n fragments are seen projecting over the left lower lung, question retained\n foreign body. There is no central venous catheter identified. The lungs\n appear clear of consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures appear intact.\n \n On the lateral view, there is a metallic stent projecting over the region of\n the axilla, though it is unclear if this is in the left or right.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16851119/s51129693/e234016e-d9aa0dc1-ae8d3f95-6ce73d86-05fe30fa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52dba646-d5793a41-017a31e5-359f85e9-fdc22168", "study_id": 58318194, "subject_id": 18713335, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac\n silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more\n crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases,\n but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No\n lung nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18713335/s58318194/52dba646-d5793a41-017a31e5-359f85e9-fdc22168.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e9a15d6-c451210c-9add77c8-20371722-8023beef", "study_id": 53502057, "subject_id": 19950864, "report": "impression: Emphysema with mild congestion and edema. Bibasal atelectasis, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Parenchymal abnormality including emphysema with mild interstitial disease\n appears stable. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial\n edema. Scarring at the left lung base also unchanged. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is noted. The aortic knob is calcified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19950864/s53502057/4e9a15d6-c451210c-9add77c8-20371722-8023beef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "405c64d9-2764c738-5d6c101d-4670fc09-119dbe6e", "study_id": 51537676, "subject_id": 15154281, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette. Low lung volumes somewhat limit evaluation, resulting in\n bronchovascular crowding and bibasilar atelectasis without focal\n consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Marked\n degenerative changes of the thoracic spine are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15154281/s51537676/405c64d9-2764c738-5d6c101d-4670fc09-119dbe6e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "218d1c93-0e3c7a85-76dca3b3-1b9ebcc9-e2b4c42d", "study_id": 50120531, "subject_id": 12056668, "report": "impression: Left basilar thoracostomy tube, with interval decrease of a\n moderate left effusion. Worsening right basilar atelectasis and right\n effusion. Findings: The patient is rotated rightwards. There is a new left thoracostomy pigtail\n catheter terminating at the left base, with decrease in size of a\n moderate-sized left pleural effusion. Adjacent atelectasis is present. Right\n pleural effusion and atelectasis have worsened. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12056668/s50120531/218d1c93-0e3c7a85-76dca3b3-1b9ebcc9-e2b4c42d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c2fc9ae4-da3745b6-66a1c465-1739af85-f61fa22d", "study_id": 59945120, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are somewhat low but clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and\n contour are within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Old lateral left eighth rib fracture is again noted. There is\n atelectasis at the left lung base.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s59945120/c2fc9ae4-da3745b6-66a1c465-1739af85-f61fa22d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "174d1efe-f7714d0c-f1f99de2-c6e25477-48635320", "study_id": 52255420, "subject_id": 19837705, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax Findings: Severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard position in the\n right atrium, right ventricle and through the coronary sinus. There is no\n pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Patient is status post aortic\n valve and mitral valve repair", "image_path": [ "p19/p19837705/s52255420/174d1efe-f7714d0c-f1f99de2-c6e25477-48635320.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8a96dfd-924e5707-1009e1ac-9f767236-ff131cd4", "study_id": 59548661, "subject_id": 12548159, "report": "impression: Mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema, progressed since ___. Findings: There is moderate cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema as well as\n bilateral small pleural effusions. The mediastinum and hila are normal. No\n focal consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12548159/s59548661/b8a96dfd-924e5707-1009e1ac-9f767236-ff131cd4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f25fd3b1-93706233-89edc8d3-09483d65-361ed6aa", "study_id": 55960979, "subject_id": 11891514, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n 3. Prominent central pulmonary arteries, which may potentially reflect\n underlying pulmonary hypertension. Findings: Lung volumes are low-normal. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No central vascular congestion or overt pulmonary\n edema. Prominence of the bilateral pulmonary arteries may reflect pulmonary\n hypertension. Mild calcification at the aortic knob. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11891514/s55960979/f25fd3b1-93706233-89edc8d3-09483d65-361ed6aa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f6d1038-c6cffc09-b682f19e-854afec7-cef098a5", "study_id": 56811276, "subject_id": 11082901, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11082901/s56811276/1f6d1038-c6cffc09-b682f19e-854afec7-cef098a5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70e97a3f-29b2d597-f8635ca2-daabc3ae-fba20599", "study_id": 55488757, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No overt signs of edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Large body habitus and\n underpenetrated technique limits assessment. Allowing for technical\n limitations, the lungs are clear. Heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal\n contour is normal. No large effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s55488757/70e97a3f-29b2d597-f8635ca2-daabc3ae-fba20599.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b232609-e63c02a4-28b79e05-fb02ed28-1facf2f2", "study_id": 59315283, "subject_id": 13558665, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Portable supine view of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes, which\n accentuates bronchovascular markings. There is no pleural effusion, focal\n consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Heart size is top normal. Endotracheal tube terminates 4 cm\n above the carina. The patient's known sternal and rib fractures are better\n seen on the CT exam of same date.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13558665/s59315283/7b232609-e63c02a4-28b79e05-fb02ed28-1facf2f2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e754211-f7ae671d-f26bc9e0-5fabd237-73978d1c", "study_id": 59554791, "subject_id": 15568945, "report": "impression: There is discontinuation in the shunt at the cervical thoracic junction\n measuring approximately 8 mm. The shunt traverses along the right lateral\n aspect of the upper chest and is no longer visualized. Findings: There is discontinuation in the shunt at the cervicalthoracic junction\n measuring approximately 8 mm. The shunt traverses along the right lateral\n aspect of the upper chest and is no longer visualized.\n \n The lungs are unremarkable. The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal\n limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15568945/s59554791/5e754211-f7ae671d-f26bc9e0-5fabd237-73978d1c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c19b1845-8b30cfe3-2ddb71ae-c687d110-276dccce", "study_id": 59454021, "subject_id": 15187487, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes that accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart and tortuosity of\n the aorta. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187487/s59454021/c19b1845-8b30cfe3-2ddb71ae-c687d110-276dccce.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7aebfaa7-d5a1f4ed-24dfd06b-e5e86c5c-5850e00f", "study_id": 51958471, "subject_id": 17971994, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Faint nodules throughout the lungs are better\n seen on concurrent CTA chest. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. There is no pneumothorax. Bilateral effusions\n are small. Retrocardiac opacity correlates with postoperative changes seen on\n concurrent CTA chest. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17971994/s51958471/7aebfaa7-d5a1f4ed-24dfd06b-e5e86c5c-5850e00f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5596f59d-ff9d9ff9-99941d22-9322ec85-3ab29388", "study_id": 58798839, "subject_id": 14544801, "report": "impression: 1. The patient is known with right upper lobe lung cancer that has cavitated\n with bilateral basal opacities that could be compatible with aspiration or\n pneumonia.\n 2. Left fifth anterior rib fracture is new. Findings: Non-displaced anterior fifth left rib fracture is new.\n \n Necrotic cavitating right upper lobe mass with air-fluid level was better\n assessed in previous chest CT. Bibasilar opacities are mostly compatible with\n aspiration or pneumonia. Pleural effusion is small if any. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14544801/s58798839/5596f59d-ff9d9ff9-99941d22-9322ec85-3ab29388.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7252d03a-a20f7bb6-f72983bd-0b4f5591-98efee5e", "study_id": 50955531, "subject_id": 11619788, "report": "impression: Right PICC terminating in the upper SVC, unchanged from prior. \n No pneumothorax. Findings: A right approach PICC terminates in the\n upper SVC, unchanged from prior. There is no pneumothorax. Linear opacities\n within the left lung base are likely due to subsegmental atelectasis. No\n confluent consolidation is identified. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural\n effusions. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11619788/s50955531/7252d03a-a20f7bb6-f72983bd-0b4f5591-98efee5e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18378887-d7647b4e-a2987793-7ff5887a-51970d80", "study_id": 54794964, "subject_id": 10580208, "report": "impression: 1. Mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions, left\n greater than right. \n \n 2. Cardiomegaly. Findings: AP and lateral images of the chest. A pacer is seen overlying the\n left anterior chest in a different location than on prior exam, with intact\n leads in appropriate position. Increased interstitial markings are seen\n bilaterally, consistent with mild to moderate pulmonary edema. Bilateral\n pleural effusions are seen, left greater than right. No pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is incompletely assessed due to adjacent\n pulmonary effusion, but it appears to be enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10580208/s54794964/18378887-d7647b4e-a2987793-7ff5887a-51970d80.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2ed7529-568134f7-5327275f-c83b91bd-a411f137", "study_id": 57911302, "subject_id": 13335223, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13335223/s57911302/b2ed7529-568134f7-5327275f-c83b91bd-a411f137.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e174e22d-517ea52f-b085dd2a-be0e9ea0-7d59e8de", "study_id": 57980997, "subject_id": 19890030, "report": "impression: Interval worsening of pulmonary edema with stable small bilateral pleural\n effusions.\n Stable cardiomegaly. Findings: The right IJ central venous catheter has been removed. There is no\n pneumothorax. Mild to moderate pulmonary edema has increased since the prior\n exam. Small bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged. The patient is status\n post median sternotomy with stable cardiomegaly. There is generalized\n osteopenia.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890030/s57980997/e174e22d-517ea52f-b085dd2a-be0e9ea0-7d59e8de.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69b9e772-540d070d-5e5e948f-cf7cbf37-020b9a69", "study_id": 51619708, "subject_id": 13837849, "report": "impression: 1. New middle and lower lung consolidation on the left side is consistent\n with pneumonia.\n 2. Mild cardiac congestion. \n \n This was discussed verbally with Dr. ___. Findings: New left middle and lower lung opacities are concerning for pneumonia. There\n is also new mild cardiac congestion. Cardiac contour is mildly enlarged with\n tortuous aorta. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13837849/s51619708/69b9e772-540d070d-5e5e948f-cf7cbf37-020b9a69.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1552af1-5b159d3e-4058cc59-8af87caf-375f46e7", "study_id": 53623762, "subject_id": 10924949, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low and exaggerate pulmonary vascular markings. There are\n bibasilar atelectatic changes but the lungs are otherwise without a focal\n consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours appears stable. Left\n ventriculoperitoneal shunt is again visualized traversing through the chest\n into the upper abdomen. No acute fractures are identified. Severe\n degenerative changes are noted at the right glenohumeral joint with moderate\n degenerative changes throughout the thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10924949/s53623762/d1552af1-5b159d3e-4058cc59-8af87caf-375f46e7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d24b5355-c7b4a8cb-680e6185-0280353a-18bff492", "study_id": 59397743, "subject_id": 12521573, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with elevated left hemidiaphragm. \n No overt failure. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is\n stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, unchanged from ___. No focal\n consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is grossly\n stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. Degenerative changes in the mid thoracic spine are\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12521573/s59397743/d24b5355-c7b4a8cb-680e6185-0280353a-18bff492.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a200c4d9-39de37d9-f20906a3-87b342f8-59b476da", "study_id": 56451780, "subject_id": 17847770, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17847770/s56451780/a200c4d9-39de37d9-f20906a3-87b342f8-59b476da.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26ef2bde-ae5cf661-f6e14469-48db7dad-b0df367b", "study_id": 52663873, "subject_id": 16197098, "report": "impression: Widened mediastinum which could be secondary to many factors including low\n lung volumes however acute aortic pathology cannot be ruled out on the basis\n of this radiograph.\n \n On attending readout comment is also noted that the tissue posterior to the\n sternum was thickened. All these findings are probably due to low lung volumes\n and a repeat PA and lateral radiograph with full inspiration would be able to\n better assess the situation.\n \n Updated findings after attending readout discussed with ___ at\n 8:36 AM via telephone. Initial findings discussed with ___ at 5:20 AM\n via telephone. Findings: The mediastinum appears widened especially comparatively to the most recent\n prior chest x-ray however some of this may be due to low lung volumes. The\n lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia, pneumothorax, or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16197098/s52663873/26ef2bde-ae5cf661-f6e14469-48db7dad-b0df367b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0184704e-f5d6feff-cbe7f37e-d6c77a0f-db1e7472", "study_id": 59474704, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: No overall change in the size of the right pleural effusion after removal of\n the right pigtail catheter. No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval removal of the right pigtail catheter. Otherwise, no overall change\n since the previous exam. The loculated right pleural effusion, which\n demonstrates some tracking in the minor fissure is grossly stable. Mild right\n lateral pleural thickening. Small left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax or\n pulmonary edema. Stable cardiomegaly and cardiomediastinal contours. No\n changes in the position of the 3 lead cardiac device.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s59474704/0184704e-f5d6feff-cbe7f37e-d6c77a0f-db1e7472.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03d334ab-a0fdbf1a-a53d02d5-426a2ec2-80fa45d0", "study_id": 58410337, "subject_id": 15791567, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15791567/s58410337/03d334ab-a0fdbf1a-a53d02d5-426a2ec2-80fa45d0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abd48eb7-fe935d4c-897f0abd-f865a839-42bedbc3", "study_id": 58711037, "subject_id": 14437159, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. Lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14437159/s58711037/abd48eb7-fe935d4c-897f0abd-f865a839-42bedbc3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2", "study_id": 52278905, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: 1. Mild pulmonary edema with no strong evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The heart is enlarged and there is engorgement of the pulmonary vasculature as\n well as mild pulmonary edema. There is thickening of major fissure on the\n right, which may represent fissural fluid. Again seen are bilateral pleural\n effusions with atelectasis at the lung bases. There is no evidence of new\n focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is seen. Again seen is thoracic spinal\n fusion hardware, unchanged in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s52278905/e044c941-2f2d494f-0a794f54-a64e76fe-70da04b2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4eb4be03-2765d772-09f40d82-96431de2-b7ca17e9", "study_id": 51797846, "subject_id": 11091816, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is present. The aorta is tortuous.\n The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11091816/s51797846/4eb4be03-2765d772-09f40d82-96431de2-b7ca17e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa29a8f7-ec260779-8cb37967-7d5bb1e6-a623e93f", "study_id": 57023953, "subject_id": 10308375, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Ill-defined patchy opacities are seen in the right lung base with\n an associated small right pleural effusion, which is also confirmed in the\n lateral view. A dense left-sided retrocardiac opacity abutting the left\n hemidiaphragm is unchanged since at least ___ compatible with a\n Bochdalek hernia. A small left pleural effusion is also likely present. There\n is biapical pleuro-parenchymal scarring, more conspicuous in the left apex. \n No other focal opacities are identified. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10308375/s57023953/aa29a8f7-ec260779-8cb37967-7d5bb1e6-a623e93f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5529814-3b0dbe20-70f99d0c-f5ffb1a4-adfa0614", "study_id": 50160109, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema. Findings: PA and lateral views demonstrate dilation of the azygos, tiny\n pleural effursion, and faint interlobular septal thickening. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is\n normal. The cardiac, hilar, mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s50160109/e5529814-3b0dbe20-70f99d0c-f5ffb1a4-adfa0614.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efb1eddb-0ef61d1a-e71c7c6a-9885a19f-d756d9ca", "study_id": 52435223, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usual expected position. Stable\n cardiomegaly and improvement in pulmonary edema. Findings: Heart size is enlarged and stable. Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter\n is appropriately positioned. Pulmonary edema has improved. Small left pleural\n effusion is stable. Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is 1.2 cm from the apex of\n the aortic knob.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s52435223/efb1eddb-0ef61d1a-e71c7c6a-9885a19f-d756d9ca.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "377df2cf-286c0596-c5183178-7edd53f5-50475885", "study_id": 55725686, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the two left-sided chest\n tubes are in unchanged position. Unchanged appearance of the small left\n pleural effusion and the multiple bilateral metastatic lung nodules. \n Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. The right costophrenic sinus is\n also blunted by a small effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s55725686/377df2cf-286c0596-c5183178-7edd53f5-50475885.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2cd5b0dd-527a6616-cb6ad62f-c8ee94df-0b7ffd5b", "study_id": 52811570, "subject_id": 12503812, "report": "The patient appears to be kyphotic in position. There are low lung volumes. \n Prominence of the central pulmonary vasculature, pulmonary pulmonary arteries\n may be due to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Left base streaky opacity is\n more likely due to atelectasis rather than consolidation. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is not well assessed due\n to patient position, but appears mildly enlarged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12503812/s52811570/2cd5b0dd-527a6616-cb6ad62f-c8ee94df-0b7ffd5b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "635af03b-69756d41-3660ec05-e2c0ec37-d732f2cc", "study_id": 50702835, "subject_id": 10862054, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The heart is top-normal in size. There is mild\n unfolding of the thoracic aorta. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10862054/s50702835/635af03b-69756d41-3660ec05-e2c0ec37-d732f2cc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a973abe-4bfabaca-59bc4d9f-e8f497d9-a4a3c9a9", "study_id": 51293946, "subject_id": 14376938, "report": "impression: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation seen elsewhere Findings: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation is seen elsewhere. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14376938/s51293946/9a973abe-4bfabaca-59bc4d9f-e8f497d9-a4a3c9a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6d4bff1-d42c2ba8-4e17dc8b-1cd7a3a8-46d67185", "study_id": 54285117, "subject_id": 18014772, "report": "impression: 1. No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Possible right upper lobe nodules. Shallow oblique views are recommended\n for further evaluation. \n \n These findings and recommendations were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr.\n ___ by telephone at 10:50 a.m. on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. Two nodular\n opacities project over the right anterior second rib.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18014772/s54285117/a6d4bff1-d42c2ba8-4e17dc8b-1cd7a3a8-46d67185.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2f96a77-ffa800e0-fe3c692c-487ed51b-87b84b10", "study_id": 51860612, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: Focal opacity in the left lower lobe likely represents atelectasis or focal\n scarring. Findings: Focal opacity in the left lower lobe is not from nipple shadow and\n on retrospective review was imaged in the CT abdomen and pelvis on ___ and likely represents atelectasis or focal scarring. No new focal\n opacity, pneumothorax, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour and hila are normal. No bony abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s51860612/f2f96a77-ffa800e0-fe3c692c-487ed51b-87b84b10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8a8fe6e-ba33113b-b7244463-6d8269c8-401aab79", "study_id": 52178631, "subject_id": 12749849, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Dual-lead pacer\n is unchanged with proximal lead in the expected location of the right atrium\n and distal lead in the expected location of the right ventricle. No focal\n consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild vascular\n redistribution which is likely suggestive of mild pulmonary vascular\n congestion. No frank pulmonary edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable. Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12749849/s52178631/e8a8fe6e-ba33113b-b7244463-6d8269c8-401aab79.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5998dcca-a12ec446-fdfa60b9-3a06b23e-b2d12bf6", "study_id": 57650946, "subject_id": 17483408, "report": "impression: ET tube 6.8 cm from the carina and could be advanced 2 cm for optimal\n positioning. Enteric tube tip in the gastric body however side-port proximal\n to the GE junction and should be advanced. Findings: Endotracheal tube is seen with tip between the clavicular heads, 6.8 cm from\n the carina. Enteric tube seen with tip in the gastric body however the side\n port is likely proximal to the GE junction. Confluent bilateral parenchymal\n opacities are grossly unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17483408/s57650946/5998dcca-a12ec446-fdfa60b9-3a06b23e-b2d12bf6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9c4f1537-be70f317-6f6e0f3d-5a469592-c26e0b88", "study_id": 56299234, "subject_id": 13565877, "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral calcified pleural plaques compatible with prior asbestos\n exposure.\n 2. Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis and possible mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n suggests a trace pleural effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are lower compared to the prior study. This accentuates the size\n of the cardiac silhouette which is likely mildly enlarged. The aorta is\n slightly tortuous. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures, with\n mild possible mild pulmonary vascular engorgement likely present. Diffuse\n calcified pleural plaques limits assessment of the pulmonary parenchyma. There\n are likely patchy opacities in the lung bases reflective of atelectasis.\n Minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle appears new compared to the\n prior study and may be due to a small pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified. No acute osseous abnormalities seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13565877/s56299234/9c4f1537-be70f317-6f6e0f3d-5a469592-c26e0b88.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fc1d35be-cd0afaeb-a6f4acc1-7b0b0b12-82ac6317", "study_id": 59650920, "subject_id": 14319319, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14319319/s59650920/fc1d35be-cd0afaeb-a6f4acc1-7b0b0b12-82ac6317.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e200bbf-a4a3f4ef-5f5971f8-e0280c38-c5d317ef", "study_id": 53498120, "subject_id": 14544801, "report": "impression: Slight improvement in aeration of the right hemithorax, although\n diffuse opacification of the right hemithorax persists. Known cavitary lung\n abscess is not clearly visualized on this semi-upright radiograph. Findings: Frontal semi-erect view of the chest was obtained. Left internal\n jugular central catheter terminates in stable position, across the midline, in\n either the upper SVC or the left brachiocephalic vein. Known right upper lung\n abscess is not clearly visualized on this radiograph due to semi-erect\n position. Diffuse right hemithorax opacification remains, though aeration of\n the right lung appears slightly improved. The left costophrenic angle is\n excluded on this study.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14544801/s53498120/1e200bbf-a4a3f4ef-5f5971f8-e0280c38-c5d317ef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "832bc387-3c9cf25c-7fb73452-7a6ee080-80be4aa8", "study_id": 51037397, "subject_id": 18528269, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Hyperinflation consistent with asthma.\n 3. Slight height loss anteriorly (~___%) of a mid thoracic vertebral body of\n unknown chronicity. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated consistent with the given history of\n asthma. There is no evidence of focal consolidation worrisome for pneumonia. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac size is normal. The hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is slight loss of height anteriorly of a mid\n thoracic vertebral body seen on the lateral views.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18528269/s51037397/832bc387-3c9cf25c-7fb73452-7a6ee080-80be4aa8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25b7b359-8e6a6c36-b65ed616-8a74bb54-a2ff39b0", "study_id": 50957128, "subject_id": 16185004, "report": "impression: No signs of pneumonia or other acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Heart and mediastinal contours appear normal. The imaged osseous structures\n are intact. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16185004/s50957128/25b7b359-8e6a6c36-b65ed616-8a74bb54-a2ff39b0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac093f50-68e5995f-7d538f77-146f8bc4-7f6bd8a2", "study_id": 55750309, "subject_id": 11989878, "report": "impression: Mild basilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Findings: Mild bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation seen. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen", "image_path": [ "p11/p11989878/s55750309/ac093f50-68e5995f-7d538f77-146f8bc4-7f6bd8a2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ab98ebc-3e42c243-135283ca-41290b6b-639453bd", "study_id": 53261242, "subject_id": 11045233, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild\n multilevel degenerative changes of visualized thoracic spine are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11045233/s53261242/0ab98ebc-3e42c243-135283ca-41290b6b-639453bd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd694b87-8f969c41-a3b1bd9a-b27547e1-acefab41", "study_id": 59137251, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. There is moderate cardiac enlargement. The configuration suggests\n prominence of the left ventricular contour to the left and posteriorly as well\n as a moderate enlargement of the left atrium with some right-sided\n intracardiac double contour straightening of the left heart border. A\n permanent pacer is in left anterior axillary position, seen to be connected to\n a single intracavitary electrode terminating in a position compatible with the\n right ventricle. The pulmonary vasculature shows a mild upper zone\n redistribution pattern; however, no interstitial or alveolar edema is\n identified. On the other hand, the marked irregular distribution of the\n pulmonary vessels in the periphery, coinciding with local areas of increased\n translucency and low position, flattened diaphragms is suggestive of COPD. \n Acute parenchymal infiltrates, however, cannot be identified. There is no\n pneumothorax in the apical areas. In comparison with the next preceding chest\n examination of ___, the at that time postoperative existing\n left-sided chest wall emphysema has absorbed. Also, the left basal\n postoperative linear small atectatic densities have normalized.\n \n Also, noteworthy in comparison with the previous study is that the, at that\n time existing more marked cardiac enlargement and the bilateral small amount\n of pleural effusions have disappeared.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s59137251/bd694b87-8f969c41-a3b1bd9a-b27547e1-acefab41.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f56565b1-4dff7a18-f696ea91-96947d34-0faf11b6", "study_id": 58119115, "subject_id": 15175883, "report": "impression: Moderate cardiomegaly and bibasilar atelectasis are stable from ___. No evidence of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated with linear streaky opacities at the lung bases,\n likely representing atelectasis.Heart size is moderately enlarged but stable.\n Aortic and tricuspid valve prostheses are in unchanged location. Moderate\n calcification of the aortic knob is again noted. No focal consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No evidence of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Median sternal wires are intact.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15175883/s58119115/f56565b1-4dff7a18-f696ea91-96947d34-0faf11b6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "669d85b2-5453dc2b-a961b4a5-afa296a7-06a77cd8", "study_id": 51079737, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "impression: No significant change in bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are stable. Bilateral\n pleural effusions, right greater than left, are unchanged since ___.\n There is no pneumothorax. The mediastinum and heart are within normal limits. \n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s51079737/669d85b2-5453dc2b-a961b4a5-afa296a7-06a77cd8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7798f90f-d4185983-5f262189-fe7879ae-df20ce5d", "study_id": 59231099, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Right base atelectasis/ opacity and small right pleural effusion. Findings: Allowing for projection the heart is probably within normal limits in size. \n Left lung is clear. Increased small right effusion is seen. Increased\n opacity in the right base may indicate the underlying atelectasis. Infection\n cannot be excluded. Right IJ line in mid SVC", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s59231099/7798f90f-d4185983-5f262189-fe7879ae-df20ce5d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7b744edc-0340d515-d2f68a05-cfb53241-560899aa", "study_id": 50880023, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of infection or malignancy. Findings: Again, there is no evidence of primary or mediastinal abnormality. \n There is no radiographic evidence of adenopathy on this study; please refer to\n recent CT of the chest dated ___, which demonstrates left hilar\n findings. The lungs are well expanded bilaterally with no areas of focal\n consolidation, masses, lesions, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar silhouettes are within normal limits. \n The pleural surfaces are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s50880023/7b744edc-0340d515-d2f68a05-cfb53241-560899aa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d56ec13f-3fe3f117-6b11abb3-4cb39cf6-67273b67", "study_id": 57343186, "subject_id": 18408427, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute infiltrates or CHF. Stable chest findings\n since ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar chest examination ___ ___. Heart size remains within normal\n limits. No typical configurational abnormality is identified. Thoracic aorta\n is unchanged and unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is not congested and\n there is no evidence of pneumothorax on the frontal view in the apical area. \n The patient is rather heavyset and able to elevate the arms on the lateral\n view (allegedly related to shoulder discomfort). The pulmonary vasculature is\n not congested. The lateral and posterior pleural sinuses are free from any\n fluid accumulation. No acute pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates can be\n identified. Mild degree of degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic\n spine but appear unchanged in comparison with the previous study of ___.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18408427/s57343186/d56ec13f-3fe3f117-6b11abb3-4cb39cf6-67273b67.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60999807-e9c65537-0be33d31-e1f2eb09-329bb2a8", "study_id": 53672228, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "impression: Termination point of Dobbhoff line not identified on this film. Findings: AP single view of the chest has been obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study obtained four hours earlier during the same day. \n During the interval, the patient has been extubated. Previously described\n right-sided internal jugular approach central venous line remains. Again\n noted is a feeding tube traversing the entire esophagus terminating in the\n abdomen. The present image covers the line only about 5 inches below the\n hiatal area. The more distal portion of the line could be followed further on\n the previous chest examination, still the tip of the Dobbhoff line was never\n included in the image. Precise location of the line is essential for\n patient's management. It is recommended to perform the study under\n fluoroscopic control. Comparison of the chest examinations does not reveal\n any new acute infiltrate. However, the pulmonary vascular pattern appears to\n be crowded, probably related to the high positioned diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s53672228/60999807-e9c65537-0be33d31-e1f2eb09-329bb2a8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "acbef8a3-2a857ff6-2f6778b4-31ddaf28-debde67b", "study_id": 53474190, "subject_id": 13378971, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear\n of focal consolidation. Left apical calcified scarring is seen as well as a\n calcified AP window node suggestive of previous granulomatous disease. There\n is no effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13378971/s53474190/acbef8a3-2a857ff6-2f6778b4-31ddaf28-debde67b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5246aaeb-fd4fe4e3-3107d96d-28205321-1fcd4ed8", "study_id": 59535781, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The patient is status post previous median sternotomy\n and coronary bypass surgery. Right internal jugular catheter terminates in\n the lower superior vena cava, with no pneumothorax. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear\n except for linear scar in the lingula. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s59535781/5246aaeb-fd4fe4e3-3107d96d-28205321-1fcd4ed8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05a331ae-17b42621-787f72cc-ebadd560-6d2586c0", "study_id": 50207397, "subject_id": 13970691, "report": "Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n are low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Given\n this, there appears to be mild central vascular pulmonary engorgement. Soft\n tissue overlying the lung base likely causes underpenetration. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. No definite focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13970691/s50207397/05a331ae-17b42621-787f72cc-ebadd560-6d2586c0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a35725a6-cea21ad3-08b4e359-ffa6686f-8bb4f626", "study_id": 58473321, "subject_id": 10543994, "report": "impression: Subpleural reticular opacities better assessed on the recent CT of the chest\n likely representing early interstitial lung disease. Mild cardiomegaly Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There are subpleural reticular opacities as seen on prior CT compatible with\n early interstitial lung disease. The heart size appears mildly enlarged. The\n mediastinal contour is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10543994/s58473321/a35725a6-cea21ad3-08b4e359-ffa6686f-8bb4f626.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e26851f-86034c0c-3c1b4167-5d391b8b-e57ddc3c", "study_id": 50901945, "subject_id": 11952678, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs are clear. Small anterior osteophytes are similar along the mid\n thoracic spine. One finding that is different since ___ is a small\n ossification interposed between the coracoid process of the left scapula and\n the nearby clavicle, which may be post-traumatic, but does not appear to\n represent an acute finding.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11952678/s50901945/1e26851f-86034c0c-3c1b4167-5d391b8b-e57ddc3c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e3d5d17-01a98d21-6930c329-f9cada6a-03046aa1", "study_id": 55582331, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: CHF with interstitial and alveolar edema. This appears slightly worse\n compared with ___\n \n Opacity at both lung bases which likely represents combination of pleural\n effusions and underlying collapse and/or consolidation.\n \n NG tube not well visualized in lower esophagus and beyond due to\n underpenetration. Findings: The ET tube tip lies above the carina. The NG tube tip is poorly visualized\n lower mediastinum and beyond due to underpenetration. A right IJ central line\n tip overlies distal SVC. No pneumothorax is detected.\n \n There is cardiomegaly. There is CHF, with interstitial and alveolar edema. \n There is opacification of both lung bases, which could represent a combination\n of pleural fluid and underlying collapse and/or consolidation. Allowing for\n technical differences, the degree of CHF appears increased slightly compared\n with ___ at 02:48", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s55582331/6e3d5d17-01a98d21-6930c329-f9cada6a-03046aa1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a8e85f1-3465c903-60688e99-7f50f8b3-a8794171", "study_id": 52648594, "subject_id": 14319319, "report": "impression: Given low lung volumes, no acute cardiopulmonary process or\n evidence of free air. Findings: Single erect portable view of the chest demonstrates low lung\n volumes, which accentuate the vasculature. Given the low lung volumes, it's\n difficult to discern the heart size, but it is likely normal. No pleural\n effusion, edema, pneumothorax or evidence of pneumonia. There is no evidence\n of free air.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14319319/s52648594/5a8e85f1-3465c903-60688e99-7f50f8b3-a8794171.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf6eb378-707fd26c-5cd1b5e6-c5ded073-83c8bd46", "study_id": 50127791, "subject_id": 19175595, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is little change in the\n degree of left pneumothorax. Persistent atelectatic changes are seen at the\n left base. On the lateral view, there is an air-fluid level posteriorly,\n consistent with some degree of hydropneumothorax, possibly loculated.\n \n Dilatation of gas-filled loops of bowel is consistent with adynamic ileus.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19175595/s50127791/bf6eb378-707fd26c-5cd1b5e6-c5ded073-83c8bd46.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a958e3de-279030e2-7bc6d958-4c3d875a-60df89c4", "study_id": 56839405, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged multifocal pneumonia.\n 2. Improved background mild pulmonary edema.\n 3. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: An endotracheal tube terminates 5.8 cm above the carina. The heart size is\n normal. Multifocal consolidations persist since ___. Mild\n superimposed pulmonary edema has improved and a small left pleural effusion is\n unchanged. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56839405/a958e3de-279030e2-7bc6d958-4c3d875a-60df89c4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9415ba1-3d12f1ec-964b6738-a9e76fa5-30aca88b", "study_id": 51939978, "subject_id": 17945610, "report": "impression: 1. ET tube approximately 3.3 cm above the carina. Left IJ central line tip\n over mid SVC. No pneumothorax detected.\n 2. Extensive opacification of the right lung, with air bronchograms. The\n differential diagnosis includes pulmonary edema, as CHF is also seen the left\n lung, and infection or, in the appropriate clinical setting , ARDS.\n 3. Left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation.\n 4. Bilateral right-greater-than-left effusions. Findings: An ET tube is present, tip approximately 3.3 cm above the carina. Left IJ\n central line is present --___ tip partially obscured, but likely overlying the\n mid SVC. No pneumothorax is detected.\n \n There is extensive somewhat patchy opacification of the right lung, with air\n bronchograms. There is a vascular plethora in the left lung.There is\n increased retrocardiac density, consistent with left lower lobe collapse\n and/or consolidation. Probable small right-greater-than-left effusions. \n Biapical pleural scarring is present.\n \n A left-sided dual lead pacemaker is present, with lead tips over the right\n atrium and right ventricle. There is cardiomegaly. Aortic calcification is\n present.\n \n Osteopenia and scoliosis of the spine are noted, not fully evaluated.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17945610/s51939978/a9415ba1-3d12f1ec-964b6738-a9e76fa5-30aca88b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5b8a2f9-090381c7-4b218f8a-c0717744-0ce9f78a", "study_id": 58168751, "subject_id": 12056668, "report": "AP single view of the chest was obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar\n study of ___. In the interval, the right-sided pigtail end\n drainage catheter in the lower pleural space has been removed. Aeration of\n the lung is unchanged and no evidence of increasing pleural effusion is\n present. Again, however, a small up to 2 cm wide apical pneumothorax cavity\n persists. No other new abnormalities. Left-sided pleural effusion persists\n and is seen to extend in the posterior pleural space as well as identified on\n a lateral view in sitting position.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12056668/s58168751/c5b8a2f9-090381c7-4b218f8a-c0717744-0ce9f78a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ccbd2311-fc323e32-01acc861-6baf59d1-7fac2f5b", "study_id": 51937974, "subject_id": 15456033, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Scarring within the lung apices is\n unchanged. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Mild degenerative changes are again noted in the imaged thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15456033/s51937974/ccbd2311-fc323e32-01acc861-6baf59d1-7fac2f5b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb99dab1-a1f4878e-3675f453-2ede08f3-11caa34b", "study_id": 55426590, "subject_id": 19553042, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Stable prominence\n of the right hilum. Bibasilar opacities may be due to multifocal infection\n superimposed on mild interstitial edema depending on the clinical scenario. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Slight prominence of the right hilum\n is also stable. There are relatively low lung volumes. Given this, patchy\n bibasilar opacities are seen, which while could relate to underlying edema,\n raises a concern for multifocal infection. There is also mid lung\n atelectasis. There is prominence of interstitial markings bilaterally. This\n may be due to underlying edema. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19553042/s55426590/cb99dab1-a1f4878e-3675f453-2ede08f3-11caa34b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae000d03-91aa28dd-ccd3897d-ceb92206-fba185ff", "study_id": 57214129, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion slightly increased as compared to the prior\n study.\n \n Interval increase in right base opacity may represent combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, underlying consolidation is not excluded.\n \n Pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Moderate left pleural effusion has slightly increased in the interval with\n overlying atelectasis. New right base opacity is seen, may represent\n combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis with overlying consolidation. \n Fluid is seen tracking in the minor fissure on the lateral view. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiac silhouette difficult x-ray\n assessed due to the bibasilar opacities. The aorta is calcified. Right-sided\n Port-A-Cath is seen, with distal tip in the expected location of the right\n atrium.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s57214129/ae000d03-91aa28dd-ccd3897d-ceb92206-fba185ff.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb12f610-81c4f11d-89fa082e-653ba4ff-ae31e112", "study_id": 55434052, "subject_id": 17093296, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Interval removal of endotracheal tube and nasogastric tube as well chest\n tubes. Right IJ catheter persists at the cavoatrial junction. No visualized\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lungs are clear.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17093296/s55434052/fb12f610-81c4f11d-89fa082e-653ba4ff-ae31e112.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45e75d39-3c514e99-283fc07b-71b7d0a9-2cff6966", "study_id": 57239481, "subject_id": 16596972, "report": "impression: 1. Multifocal lymphadenopathy, most severe in the right hilum and subcarinal\n region. Further evaluation with CT contrast is recommended. Differential\n diagnosis includes small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, TB, and metastatic\n disease.\n 2. No pneumonia. Findings: Multifocal lymphadenopathy is present, most marked in the right hilar and\n subcarinal regions and likely also involving the mediastinum and left hilum to\n a lesser degree. The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded and are clear. The heart\n size is normal. Small left pleural effusion is likely.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16596972/s57239481/45e75d39-3c514e99-283fc07b-71b7d0a9-2cff6966.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3e3432f-8de35a57-84779127-6d36d4db-a8e9317f", "study_id": 50173042, "subject_id": 16306599, "report": "impression: Left costophrenic angle not fully included on the image. \n Otherwise, aside from top normal to mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette, no\n acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. The\n right costophrenic angle is not fully included on the image. Given this, no\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There is left base atelectasis. No\n large pleural effusion or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac\n silhouette is top normal to mildly enlarged. The aorta is somewhat tortuous. \n No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16306599/s50173042/b3e3432f-8de35a57-84779127-6d36d4db-a8e9317f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e795300e-988f4a20-2e6a36c2-86804f01-da329264", "study_id": 55682079, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema superimposed on a background of severe emphysema. No\n signs of pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Scarring of the lung parenchyma and a left chest wall deformity are stable.\n Hyperinflated lungs with lucency reflect known emphysema. The previously seen\n left retrocardiac opacity has cle resolved ared. No focal opacity. Prominent\n interstitial markings may indicate mild edema. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The heart size is top normal. The aortic knob is calcified in\n the aorta is ectatic. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s55682079/e795300e-988f4a20-2e6a36c2-86804f01-da329264.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a5f12a9-223bb9c6-bbd5b9fd-ca751b7a-ba6e910c", "study_id": 54173236, "subject_id": 10893902, "report": "The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal and unchanged from ___. Bilateral low lung volumes are\n again noted with crowding of bronchovascular markings. No focal consolidation\n or superimposed edema is noted. Calcification of the aortic arch is noted. \n No definite effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10893902/s54173236/8a5f12a9-223bb9c6-bbd5b9fd-ca751b7a-ba6e910c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04f641c1-61030285-70b766ad-7189c11b-64101452", "study_id": 51991869, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Moderate cardiomegaly. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Moderate cardiomegaly is unchanged. \n Calcification in the aortic knob is unchanged. Compared to study of ___, the pulmonary edema has resolved. There is no focal consolidation or\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is mild scarring at the apices.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s51991869/04f641c1-61030285-70b766ad-7189c11b-64101452.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f1e70f28-5a6e30a4-7f2d7942-6753668e-d6f2ba56", "study_id": 51469366, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are moderately well inflated. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size and mediastinal contour are unremarkable. Mild prominence of the\n right hila is unchanged since ___. Atherosclerotic calcifications\n of the aortic arch are noted.\n \n Limited assessment of the osseous structures are notable for multilevel\n degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s51469366/f1e70f28-5a6e30a4-7f2d7942-6753668e-d6f2ba56.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9993aa3-51eb4a8b-349f7984-ef76541a-4aab169c", "study_id": 55570682, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure, slightly worse in the interval. Findings: Right-sided central venous catheter tip\n terminates in the SVC. Patient is status post median sternotomy and mitral\n annular repair with several anterior mediastinal clips redemonstrated. \n Moderate cardiomegaly persists. There is continued mild congestive heart\n failure with perihilar haziness and vascular indistinctness, which appears\n slightly worse in the interval. No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n visualized. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. The aorta remains\n calcified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s55570682/e9993aa3-51eb4a8b-349f7984-ef76541a-4aab169c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a3de483f-15711cf1-0123d198-14a34d08-69b4eca8", "study_id": 58371143, "subject_id": 15154281, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Subtle opacities in the lower\n lungs likely atelectasis or bronchovascular crowding. If needed, a repeat\n study with more optimized inspiratory effort may be performed to confirm. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Low lung volumes\n somewhat limit evaluation. Likely mild atelectasis or bronchovascular\n crowding accounts for subtle opacities in the lower lungs. There is no\n definite sign of pneumonia, CHF, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. Bony structures are intact. \n There is no free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15154281/s58371143/a3de483f-15711cf1-0123d198-14a34d08-69b4eca8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b257a97-dad6f2e3-a20a3c51-1c6250d0-7024d6d4", "study_id": 53966206, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Chronic changes in the lungs without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Increased interstitial markings seen at the periphery of the lung, right\n greater than left compatible with previously noted subpleural fibrotic\n changes. There is no new focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s53966206/5b257a97-dad6f2e3-a20a3c51-1c6250d0-7024d6d4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d752539-c8aeb9f8-049a169c-1605c54e-90634c71", "study_id": 52385709, "subject_id": 19890966, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890966/s52385709/9d752539-c8aeb9f8-049a169c-1605c54e-90634c71.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4fb4d63-a48fc7f0-fce5fdee-044f6290-6963a261", "study_id": 55456794, "subject_id": 19580789, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. There is\n mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Lung volumes are slightly decreased\n when compared to prior examination. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580789/s55456794/a4fb4d63-a48fc7f0-fce5fdee-044f6290-6963a261.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58486732-601a466c-04f4fd39-26bf4291-8cf57364", "study_id": 57386788, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Limited exam, no acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views the chest. Subtle prominence of the right hilar\n bronchovascular markings may reflect AP technique. No definite consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. No overt edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. No acute bony injuries.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s57386788/58486732-601a466c-04f4fd39-26bf4291-8cf57364.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca6270f2-04c17d88-cd4d219a-ba2ce815-f95b4e51", "study_id": 58574233, "subject_id": 15195289, "report": "impression: Heart size at the upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged, unchanged\n compared with ___. Mild upper zone redistribution, also similar to\n prior, without overt CHF. Otherwise, no acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Heart size is at upper limits of normal or slightly enlarged, similar to ___. Aorta is minimally unfolded. Possible minimal upper zone\n redistribution, but no overt CHF. No focal infiltrate or effusion. No\n pneumothorax detected. Mild eventration of the right hemidiaphragm is\n unchanged. Borderline low inspiratory lung volumes. In the extreme upper\n aged these films, the lower portion of his cervical spine fixation hardware is\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195289/s58574233/ca6270f2-04c17d88-cd4d219a-ba2ce815-f95b4e51.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4b6639a-addc6e70-3931f176-25766a17-95a40103", "study_id": 52666674, "subject_id": 10625954, "report": "impression: No focal consolidations concerning for pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidations\n concerning for pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10625954/s52666674/e4b6639a-addc6e70-3931f176-25766a17-95a40103.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7de77f32-efc99908-c58357b5-f6898f6c-0cf286d1", "study_id": 58301819, "subject_id": 17971994, "report": "impression: Worsened appearance to the left lung. Findings: The left-sided chest tube is been removed. There is a small left pleural\n effusion and volume loss in the left lower lobe better new compared to prior. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is a small right effusion as well", "image_path": [ "p17/p17971994/s58301819/7de77f32-efc99908-c58357b5-f6898f6c-0cf286d1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eee409a3-a4d4b1f1-792bd53f-adbce257-55c2b13d", "study_id": 50285647, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are relatively\n low lung volumes. Areas of increased opacification is seen at the bases,\n suggestive of atelectatic change. There is evidence of a right pleural\n effusion. No definite acute focal pneumonia, though this could be well hidden\n on the radiographs are presented.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s50285647/eee409a3-a4d4b1f1-792bd53f-adbce257-55c2b13d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32495489-162fe31d-e0bdd6f7-adf001a8-203e9655", "study_id": 51450693, "subject_id": 17778323, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion, pneumothorax, or focal airspace consolidation. The heart size is\n normal. The mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17778323/s51450693/32495489-162fe31d-e0bdd6f7-adf001a8-203e9655.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2aea6da8-c43d911f-f1ffde22-323a0ea8-ae72787f", "study_id": 53482463, "subject_id": 14995285, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14995285/s53482463/2aea6da8-c43d911f-f1ffde22-323a0ea8-ae72787f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96efa075-88b5082c-8576962c-dd1e4238-b16bfefd", "study_id": 55960864, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: COPD with left upper lobe opacity concerning for pneumonia. Please note,\n follow-up to resolution is strongly recommended to exclude underlying\n malignant process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n There is left lung volume loss with increased left upper lung opacity\n concerning for pneumonia. Scarring in the right apex is noted. The heart is\n mildly enlarged. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal\n contour is within normal limits. Aortic calcification is present. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s55960864/96efa075-88b5082c-8576962c-dd1e4238-b16bfefd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a7db0e0-3c536032-768780b1-c802d8c1-5f8e51d0", "study_id": 53105805, "subject_id": 15153582, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15153582/s53105805/1a7db0e0-3c536032-768780b1-c802d8c1-5f8e51d0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfaacd99-7ac63214-6b328e63-b94c98af-9872e989", "study_id": 52571563, "subject_id": 16456728, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Suggestion of slight fullness at the right\n thoracic inlet may be due to a thyroid nodule or thyroiditis. Correlation with\n clinical exam is recommended. Findings: The lung volumes are somewhat low, accentuating retrocardiac vascular\n markings. No discrete consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is identified. The heart size is normal. Suggestion of a\n slight impression upon the right aspect of the trachea at the level of the\n thoracic inlet is noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16456728/s52571563/cfaacd99-7ac63214-6b328e63-b94c98af-9872e989.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d0125e1-1cc299af-9d2fccd0-d04efd8a-8f0d7220", "study_id": 51635143, "subject_id": 18088903, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The inspiratory lung volumes remain low in comparison to the prior\n study. There is no focal consolidation concerning for pneumonia. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are within normal limits. The osseous structures are grossly\n unremarkable, although evaluation is limited secondary to body habitus.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088903/s51635143/4d0125e1-1cc299af-9d2fccd0-d04efd8a-8f0d7220.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a", "study_id": 56495618, "subject_id": 18920143, "report": "impression: Findings suggest pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. There is retrocardiac opacity, probably referring to opacity\n in the left lower lobe, although best seen on the PA view, suggesting\n pneumonia. The lungs appear otherwise clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18920143/s56495618/fbe115e8-ec164702-1ef97452-fd82e502-5ea6806a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0bce12a8-a3f59f85-9b4b37d9-21ea3edf-a6a6ad98", "study_id": 58083696, "subject_id": 14385080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Possible nodule in the right\n lung apex, may be a pulmonary nodule or possibly bone island. Recommend\n non-urgent apical lordotic view for further assessment.\n \n These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 8:07am on\n ___ by phone. Findings: AP view of the chest. There is a small nodular opacity in the\n right lung apex. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is mild cardiomegaly. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. Left pacemaker leads are in appropriate position.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14385080/s58083696/0bce12a8-a3f59f85-9b4b37d9-21ea3edf-a6a6ad98.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cdbb816d-5149649c-ae5f5de6-9c97c843-aeb02508", "study_id": 52078228, "subject_id": 15585360, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia.\n \n Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior chest CT from ___ were\n better assessed on that more sensitive study and follow-up recommendation per\n that study remains. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior\n chest CT from ___ were better assessed on that more sensitive\n study and follow-up recommendation per that study remains. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15585360/s52078228/cdbb816d-5149649c-ae5f5de6-9c97c843-aeb02508.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6e77d86-03752397-ff4284ee-c2bc16dd-feff8cee", "study_id": 55748803, "subject_id": 18232123, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes within the\n shoulders, right greater than left. Note is made of inferior spurring of the\n glenohumeral joint on the right.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18232123/s55748803/a6e77d86-03752397-ff4284ee-c2bc16dd-feff8cee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f942e01-0ff2a009-37a3ba1a-9ac8cfa7-43910a68", "study_id": 52548540, "subject_id": 11890444, "report": "impression: New small bilateral pleural effusions. No radiographic evidence for\n pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous, as seen previously. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Lungs are clear. Small bilateral pleural effusions are new in the\n interval. No focal consolidation is present. There is no pneumothorax. No\n acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11890444/s52548540/6f942e01-0ff2a009-37a3ba1a-9ac8cfa7-43910a68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "361c4750-2c4908c8-6102209f-69a347d0-887ee04b", "study_id": 51748293, "subject_id": 14429763, "report": "impression: Limited study, however, no acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Upright frontal view of the chest is limited by patient rotation. \n Within this limitation, there is no acute intrathoracic process. The\n mediastinal, pleural and pulmonary structures are unremarkable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified. Calcifications are noted within\n the aortic arch. Degenerative changes of the cervical spine and clips\n overlying the left neck are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14429763/s51748293/361c4750-2c4908c8-6102209f-69a347d0-887ee04b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76c189dd-c9cae85a-af7009fe-25471b3e-172f291c", "study_id": 51982061, "subject_id": 12641488, "report": "impression: NG tube tip in the stomach Findings: The NG tube tip is in the stomach. The. Left tube is been removed. There is\n volume loss at both bases. There is no focal infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12641488/s51982061/76c189dd-c9cae85a-af7009fe-25471b3e-172f291c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4eb74b1-f44ac0fc-aaaa580a-ebd12892-d8aef5e2", "study_id": 56915281, "subject_id": 10803114, "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis\n and pleural chest catheter in place. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate similar\n configuration as a right basal approach pleural catheter in place. There is a\n persistent small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis and a\n small perifissural component. Previously seen pneumothorax component in the\n right basal hydropneumothorax is no longer visible. The right upper lung and\n left lung appear well aerated. There is no pulmonary edema or left pleural\n effusion. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Multilevel upper thoracic anterior spondylosis is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10803114/s56915281/d4eb74b1-f44ac0fc-aaaa580a-ebd12892-d8aef5e2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "579f0de5-36fac16d-378b2a77-284ac0ff-35abdc14", "study_id": 50756406, "subject_id": 13565877, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Unchanged bilateral calcified pleural plaques\n consistent with prior asbestos exposure. Findings: Multiple calcified pleural plaques are similar to prior studies suggesting\n prior asbestos exposure. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion,\n pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13565877/s50756406/579f0de5-36fac16d-378b2a77-284ac0ff-35abdc14.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b0258a9-d464c242-49cebbd6-2b55cfa3-be74740b", "study_id": 59211846, "subject_id": 19580789, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly, new since the prior study, and enlargement of the azygos\n compatible with volume overload without frank pulmonary edema. Findings: No focal opacities concerning for infection although enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette as well as the azygos vein is noted. No large effusions. \n Stable tortuous aorta. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580789/s59211846/3b0258a9-d464c242-49cebbd6-2b55cfa3-be74740b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e7159328-08569709-798aa964-ee7f2027-c51daa27", "study_id": 53912941, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear stable\n including enlargement of the heart and main pulmonary artery contour. The\n lung volumes are low. There are somewhat increased patchy densities at both\n lung bases which are not specific but which can probably be explained by\n atelectasis; particularly on the left, also perhaps coinciding small pleural\n effusion. There is similar mild interstitial abnormality, although\n vasculature appears more distinct, suggesting improvement.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s53912941/e7159328-08569709-798aa964-ee7f2027-c51daa27.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44528721-44ac9b26-b1b4a67d-d234b00e-7d72db37", "study_id": 57445969, "subject_id": 16768418, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The patient is suboptimally positioned. Lungs are clear. Heart size and\n mediastinal contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Osseous structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16768418/s57445969/44528721-44ac9b26-b1b4a67d-d234b00e-7d72db37.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f30d9e52-566bca1d-3ae8578d-0996d890-bc076486", "study_id": 58549367, "subject_id": 10401591, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are clear and the pulmonary vascularity is normal. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10401591/s58549367/f30d9e52-566bca1d-3ae8578d-0996d890-bc076486.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fbe8114-ff995f07-3913f67d-f95ff2a3-bee737dd", "study_id": 56024419, "subject_id": 14783430, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate right pleural effusion with possible underlying consolidation or\n atelectasis.\n \n 2. Consolidation within the left lung base concerning for pneumonia in the\n appropriate clinical circumstance. \n \n 3. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: There is a large opacity within the right lung base which is at least partly\n due to a moderate pleural effusion. There may be underlying consolidation or\n atelectasis. There is also an opacity within the left lung base with air\n bronchograms concerning for consolidation. Minimal septal thickening seen\n within the peripheral aspect of the left lung base suggests mild pulmonary\n vascular engorgement. Upper lungs are clear. Mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is difficult\n to assess given the presence of the right pleural effusion. Remote right sided\n rib fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14783430/s56024419/0fbe8114-ff995f07-3913f67d-f95ff2a3-bee737dd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd5d3380-81137eb8-0fe6ff8f-e542ac2b-fbe62701", "study_id": 54131635, "subject_id": 15535702, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were reviewed. Normal heart,\n lungs, mediastinum and pleural surfaces.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15535702/s54131635/fd5d3380-81137eb8-0fe6ff8f-e542ac2b-fbe62701.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc77150b-061bf4d5-09e23a26-52d9ada0-45856897", "study_id": 57045282, "subject_id": 18573829, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema. Findings: Left subclavian central venous catheter is stable. Lung volumes are reduced,\n and the cardiomediastinal contours are unchanged. Basilar lung haziness is\n likely fluid or atelectasis. No evidence of pneumonia or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18573829/s57045282/dc77150b-061bf4d5-09e23a26-52d9ada0-45856897.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "272ca8f3-c19b4186-d9b66363-3b20f14f-a6cec2b6", "study_id": 53267993, "subject_id": 14930750, "report": "impression: 1. New patchy opacity in the left upper lobe concerning for an area of\n pneumonia.\n 2. Severe emphysema with scarring within the lung apices.\n 3. Right infrahilar opacity is re- demonstrated, and previously characterized\n on chest CTA as an area concerning for possible malignancy. Again bronchoscopy\n of this area is recommended if not done in the interval. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with mild\n atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. Hilar contours are\n similar compared to the prior chest CT with an infrahilar opacity re-\n demonstrated. The lungs are hyperinflated with severe emphysematous changes\n again seen. While scarring within the lung apices is again noted, there is a\n new patchy opacity seen within the left upper lobe concerning for an area of\n infection. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous\n abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14930750/s53267993/272ca8f3-c19b4186-d9b66363-3b20f14f-a6cec2b6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc6cec9d-539f6cb9-0e023225-38e77aa8-0f61b4bb", "study_id": 53572658, "subject_id": 17614057, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17614057/s53572658/bc6cec9d-539f6cb9-0e023225-38e77aa8-0f61b4bb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a8a8e66-03b9b039-c4231b00-c940972e-629116b0", "study_id": 59322832, "subject_id": 19423061, "report": "impression: 1. Port-A-Cath tip over distal SVC.\n 2. Bibasilar focal opacities, likely corresponding to opacity seen on an\n outside the ___ chest CT. Correlation with clinical history is\n requested for further assessment.\n 3. Small right effusion. Findings: A Port-A-Cath is in place, with tip over distal SVC.\n \n There is background hyperinflation, consistent with COPD. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is not enlarged. Mild aortic calcification noted.\n \n There is slight blunting of the right cardiophrenic angle, consistent with a\n small amount of pleural fluid or thickening. On the lateral view, there is\n suggestion of focal nodular density in the lower lobe posteriorly on 1 side.\n Additional patchy density projects over the cardiac silhouette. Indistinct\n opacities are seen laterally in both right and left lower zones. These small\n opacities likely correspond to opacities seen on the ___ chest CT.\n \n No CHF or large consolidation is identified. Oral contrast is noted within the\n bowel.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19423061/s59322832/4a8a8e66-03b9b039-c4231b00-c940972e-629116b0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7c8ae529-1be1249d-ea74aa33-e2075e92-d36b66f3", "study_id": 59964362, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size remains moderately enlarged but unchanged. The aortic knob is\n diffusely calcified. Pulmonary vascularity is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are mild\n degenerative changes within the thoracic spine. Surgical clip is seen within\n the upper abdomen on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s59964362/7c8ae529-1be1249d-ea74aa33-e2075e92-d36b66f3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69a50a5b-ad0ca148-ae58ef27-a1d7b4be-cbde70fe", "study_id": 55296778, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is again mild-to-moderately enlarged. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged, again noting calcifications along the\n aortic arch. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild rightward convex curvature is centered along the mid\n thoracic spine with mild degenerative anterior osteophyte formation.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s55296778/69a50a5b-ad0ca148-ae58ef27-a1d7b4be-cbde70fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b2045ee-2505fd4b-e315a4e9-db4d3805-1b2ec185", "study_id": 58022905, "subject_id": 19580789, "report": "impression: Tiny left pleural effusion. Otherwise no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous. There are mild\n atherosclerotic calcifications along the aorta. The hilar contours are\n normal. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Minimal blunting of the left\n costophrenic angle suggests a trace pleural effusion. Lungs are otherwise\n clear. No focal consolidation or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute\n osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580789/s58022905/2b2045ee-2505fd4b-e315a4e9-db4d3805-1b2ec185.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1231dc8f-4cf6ae66-2754d2f7-db1abf04-fe0eb62b", "study_id": 59951875, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Mild\n left base and lingular linear atelectasis/scarring is seen. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s59951875/1231dc8f-4cf6ae66-2754d2f7-db1abf04-fe0eb62b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e1d14ba-fe736cda-ebd2ef10-3dbcdb89-da6f2980", "study_id": 51511763, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The heart is normal in size, and there is no overt\n edema. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s51511763/3e1d14ba-fe736cda-ebd2ef10-3dbcdb89-da6f2980.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9de35640-255ad38e-8307196e-74d8e70f-ad7df48a", "study_id": 51969834, "subject_id": 14136683, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14136683/s51969834/9de35640-255ad38e-8307196e-74d8e70f-ad7df48a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54df276e-3a7668b9-583c36a0-d858ee7e-e7d57d25", "study_id": 54173931, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: 1. The left lower lobe has improved aeration and there has been interval\n clearing of mild interstitial edema.\n 2. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Findings: Portable supine radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes with\n resultant bronchovascular crowding. The left lower lobe has improved aeration\n and there has been interval clearing of mild interstitial edema. Chest tubes\n project over the left hemithorax. Severe cardiomegaly is stable. No\n pneumothorax. The endotracheal tube ends 3.2 cm from the carina. The left\n ventricular assist device is in unchanged position. Swan-Ganz catheter tip\n ends in the right pulmonary artery.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s54173931/54df276e-3a7668b9-583c36a0-d858ee7e-e7d57d25.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "edd6b83c-688ee075-7706abe7-8585945e-88b5d0c7", "study_id": 50309094, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Right internal jugular catheter terminates in right atrium.\n Continued bilateral parenchymal disease much worse on the right than the left.\n \n Probable bilateral effusions Findings: Lungs: Continued parenchymal disease is seen in the right chest which has not\n altered significantly. There is also left basilar disease.\n \n Pleura: Likely there is a right pleural effusion is well as a small left\n pleural effusion.\n \n Mediastinum: Surgical clips noted in the mediastinum\n \n Heart: The heart is not enlarged.\n \n Osseous structures: The osseous structures are normal for age.\n \n Additional findings: Endotracheal tube is in the region of the thoracic inlet.\n Left-sided PICC line terminates in the satisfactory position. A new right\n internal jugular catheter terminates in the right atrium. Nasogastric tube\n some stomach. Monitor leads noted. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s50309094/edd6b83c-688ee075-7706abe7-8585945e-88b5d0c7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da356d52-522f4027-87bf71f9-a9ee4996-ea735f4e", "study_id": 51017937, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidations identified. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s51017937/da356d52-522f4027-87bf71f9-a9ee4996-ea735f4e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61ed2e08-84121124-35df49c3-878c724d-9e148da6", "study_id": 54353558, "subject_id": 19045192, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in\n crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of\n consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19045192/s54353558/61ed2e08-84121124-35df49c3-878c724d-9e148da6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1013c9a-72cbbabf-f3f57999-0e872542-c493daa7", "study_id": 51411261, "subject_id": 11778596, "report": "impression: No significant interval change. No acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and\n unremarkable. No evidence of pneumomediastinum is seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11778596/s51411261/b1013c9a-72cbbabf-f3f57999-0e872542-c493daa7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a19d711b-6c29af26-11883860-c9e6a00a-dd8b349c", "study_id": 56969632, "subject_id": 11287042, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is new retrocardiac opacity\n consistent with left lower lobe pneumonia.\n \n Mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted with stable blunting\n of the right CP angle suggesting small right pleural effusion versus pleural\n thickening. No pneumothorax. No edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.\n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11287042/s56969632/a19d711b-6c29af26-11883860-c9e6a00a-dd8b349c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3d6304a-bf9f636f-6eba19df-d0e27e8d-4d62934b", "study_id": 52330535, "subject_id": 10543994, "report": "impression: No significant change in the widespread parenchymal opacities and moderate\n cardiomegaly. No larger pleural effusions. Findings: Since the prior radiograph, no significant change in the widespread\n parenchymal opacities and moderate cardiomegaly. No change in the left the\n Port-A-Cath, which terminates at the cavoatrial junction, and right pacemaker\n lead in the right ventricle. No new focal consolidation or larger pleural\n effusions.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10543994/s52330535/b3d6304a-bf9f636f-6eba19df-d0e27e8d-4d62934b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4d8ed91-d54929b5-a7e9fd6e-063cc534-089ceaab", "study_id": 54045900, "subject_id": 13740705, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The heart size is borderline enlarged. The aorta is tortuous. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable and the pulmonary vasculature is\n normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. \n There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13740705/s54045900/d4d8ed91-d54929b5-a7e9fd6e-063cc534-089ceaab.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9cf7fd7-7209115e-f7497506-5548d12f-30259e65", "study_id": 56915281, "subject_id": 10803114, "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis\n and pleural chest catheter in place. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate similar\n configuration as a right basal approach pleural catheter in place. There is a\n persistent small right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis and a\n small perifissural component. Previously seen pneumothorax component in the\n right basal hydropneumothorax is no longer visible. The right upper lung and\n left lung appear well aerated. There is no pulmonary edema or left pleural\n effusion. The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n are within normal limits. Multilevel upper thoracic anterior spondylosis is\n present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10803114/s56915281/c9cf7fd7-7209115e-f7497506-5548d12f-30259e65.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f58f13fc-5e0dd5d2-eb74ea1e-e45cb8dd-be5cda6e", "study_id": 56181168, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Findings suggest mild vascular congestion. No definite rib fracture\n identified. Dedicated rib series would be more sensitive to detect rib\n fracture if needed clinically. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable including mild to\n moderate cardiac enlargement including a left ventricular configuration. The\n aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours appear stable. Streaky scarring in the lingula is unchanged. \n Fissures are slightly thickened, which is somewhat increased suggesting mild\n vascular congestion. There is a new trace pleural effusion on the left. \n Slight pleural thickening of the right is probably unchanged. Increased\n interstitial opacity in the right lower lung, although regional, may represent\n vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax. No definite fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s56181168/f58f13fc-5e0dd5d2-eb74ea1e-e45cb8dd-be5cda6e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0fd8eb66-17575650-50cd8c8c-11dcb1fe-a35ee055", "study_id": 50825078, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: The right lateral aspect of the chest is not included on this radiograph. The\n visualized thorax demonstrates no significant interval change since the prior\n study. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. The\n gastric tube courses below the level the diaphragms but beyond the field of\n view of this radiograph. The tube right internal jugular central venous lines\n are unchanged in position.\n \n Please note the right costophrenic angle and right lateral hemithorax are not\n included on this x-ray. There are persistent bilateral layering pleural\n effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumothorax identified. The size\n the cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged but unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s50825078/0fd8eb66-17575650-50cd8c8c-11dcb1fe-a35ee055.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a8db31e4-f0fa9118-7b9e02ea-16072096-503550a0", "study_id": 50986956, "subject_id": 19950864, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appears unchanged. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Parenchymal abnormalities appear unchanged\n and reflect emphysema with mild accompanying interstitial disease. Subpleural\n scarring and a small hyperdense nodules at the right lung apex appear\n unchanged. Scarring and bullous changes are also stable at the base of the\n left chest. The chest is hyperinflated. There has been no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19950864/s50986956/a8db31e4-f0fa9118-7b9e02ea-16072096-503550a0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f80a35d-198e9b95-a1b7c84d-d982ae5d-58d1e672", "study_id": 53304221, "subject_id": 17847770, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17847770/s53304221/5f80a35d-198e9b95-a1b7c84d-d982ae5d-58d1e672.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ccb976bd-fe7110eb-f5b9e68c-74886c88-c2d95f6c", "study_id": 55850018, "subject_id": 15936884, "report": "impression: 1. New small bilateral pleural effusions.\n 2. Unchanged moderate pulmonary edema.\n 3. No pneumothorax. Findings: The lung volumes are very low. A Swan-Ganz catheter appears slightly\n retracted, remaining within a right pulmonary artery. There has been interval\n extubation and removal of mediastinal drain and left thoracostomy tube.\n Multiple intact sternal wires and mediastinal clips are unchanged in\n orientation. Moderate central pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary\n edema are unchanged since ___. New small bilateral pleural\n effusions are present. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15936884/s55850018/ccb976bd-fe7110eb-f5b9e68c-74886c88-c2d95f6c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "77990ff0-f8347f9e-fa7dbb3d-d8c3086d-ef0f6f92", "study_id": 52884720, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "AP portable view of the chest was obtained. A right-sided\n Port-A-Cath is seen, distal aspect not well seen but likely terminates at the\n cavoatrial junction/right atrium. There is a large left pleural effusion with\n overlying atelectasis. Underlying consolidation is not excluded. There may\n be a trace right pleural effusion. The cardiac silhouette is not well\n assessed due to the dense left mid-to-lower hemithorax opacity. The aortic\n knob is calcified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s52884720/77990ff0-f8347f9e-fa7dbb3d-d8c3086d-ef0f6f92.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "62f76a9c-ad970999-824b1a18-304d5277-9d7467ca", "study_id": 54981405, "subject_id": 17934731, "report": "impression: No convincing opacity concerning for pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral upright chest radiograph demonstrates severe scoliosis of the\n thoracic spine, convex to the left. As demonstrated on CT obtained on the same\n day, there is a large hiatal hernia accounting for retrocardiac opacity. No\n focal opacities identified concerning for pneumonia. When compared to prior\n chest radiograph obtained on a ___, there is been little interval\n change with stable appearance of cardiomediastinal contour, allowing for\n differences in patient positioning.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17934731/s54981405/62f76a9c-ad970999-824b1a18-304d5277-9d7467ca.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6046f679-3f7b627a-75ed0041-e83000f4-d459e30b", "study_id": 55339794, "subject_id": 15787214, "report": "impression: Diffuse opacities in the right lung concerning for multifocal pneumonia. \n Recommend followup radiograph after treatment to ensure resolution. Probable\n small pleural effusions. Findings: Frontal portable radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is diffuse\n opacity in the right lung more prominently in the right lower and mid lung. \n Compared to the prior study, opacities in the right lower lung appear similar;\n however, there may be slight increased opacity in the right mid lung. There\n is mild left base atelectasis. There are probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. A left internal jugular approach central venous catheter ends in\n the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15787214/s55339794/6046f679-3f7b627a-75ed0041-e83000f4-d459e30b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5058ddc-12914e19-41492f3b-9016f745-4333ebfe", "study_id": 55349973, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "AP portable single view of the chest shows stable left lung base\n opacity due to moderate pleural effusion and left lower lobe atelectasis. \n Left pleural drain is unchanged. Right lung is clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. There is a small left apical pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s55349973/e5058ddc-12914e19-41492f3b-9016f745-4333ebfe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3a296121-9fc2bc73-d081dd75-b9ea5164-f49fc528", "study_id": 57172548, "subject_id": 12993646, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are unremarkable. \n The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12993646/s57172548/3a296121-9fc2bc73-d081dd75-b9ea5164-f49fc528.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05ff4e34-05d8cfb5-a89bc7fa-e2f28c07-5b9f190f", "study_id": 55703291, "subject_id": 18581076, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18581076/s55703291/05ff4e34-05d8cfb5-a89bc7fa-e2f28c07-5b9f190f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9bbce2c8-90534017-445931b8-8f207173-2068749c", "study_id": 53093135, "subject_id": 17002995, "report": "impression: 12 mm pulmonary nodule projecting over the left upper lobe. Further assessment\n with chest CT is recommended as this could reflect a malignancy. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. An ___ x 12 mm nodule is demonstrated\n projecting over the left upper lobe. Remainder of the lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are\n no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17002995/s53093135/9bbce2c8-90534017-445931b8-8f207173-2068749c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7deb3ae1-86efe564-c5517815-59b4395a-2cb08397", "study_id": 56692775, "subject_id": 18627107, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18627107/s56692775/7deb3ae1-86efe564-c5517815-59b4395a-2cb08397.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e974cb3-d8d829a1-1c0c5cce-714549df-c626020e", "study_id": 54535542, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Persistent cardiac silhouette\n enlargement. Central dialysis catheter terminates in the right atrium. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. A right-sided\n central venous dialysis catheter is again seen without significant change in\n position, terminating in the right atrium, without evidence of pneumothorax. \n The patient is status post median sternotomy and mitral valve repair. \n Curvilinear structure projecting over the left hilum has been present since at\n least ___, unchanged. No new focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. \n The aorta is calcified and tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s54535542/8e974cb3-d8d829a1-1c0c5cce-714549df-c626020e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c0ee6ab-a42d369e-38095ae8-53f0889e-f84941fb", "study_id": 59509278, "subject_id": 10767172, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural abnormality. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10767172/s59509278/6c0ee6ab-a42d369e-38095ae8-53f0889e-f84941fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74155497-e80ec02f-154721b7-bc76f816-069c92eb", "study_id": 53623762, "subject_id": 10924949, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lung volumes are low and exaggerate pulmonary vascular markings. There are\n bibasilar atelectatic changes but the lungs are otherwise without a focal\n consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours appears stable. Left\n ventriculoperitoneal shunt is again visualized traversing through the chest\n into the upper abdomen. No acute fractures are identified. Severe\n degenerative changes are noted at the right glenohumeral joint with moderate\n degenerative changes throughout the thoracolumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10924949/s53623762/74155497-e80ec02f-154721b7-bc76f816-069c92eb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d07f3fa4-182c4d9d-459fd2ed-24c6b8be-2802c598", "study_id": 51079737, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "impression: No significant change in bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Bibasilar atelectatic changes are stable. Bilateral\n pleural effusions, right greater than left, are unchanged since ___.\n There is no pneumothorax. The mediastinum and heart are within normal limits. \n No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s51079737/d07f3fa4-182c4d9d-459fd2ed-24c6b8be-2802c598.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cff48e01-d2db0222-9bbd6a26-6d30a9ba-b91e3ffa", "study_id": 52226505, "subject_id": 15295867, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15295867/s52226505/cff48e01-d2db0222-9bbd6a26-6d30a9ba-b91e3ffa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c59944b-dbd8302b-4562d004-5868ec7a-d84395ad", "study_id": 56299234, "subject_id": 13565877, "report": "impression: 1. Bilateral calcified pleural plaques compatible with prior asbestos\n exposure.\n 2. Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis and possible mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. Blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n suggests a trace pleural effusion. Findings: Lung volumes are lower compared to the prior study. This accentuates the size\n of the cardiac silhouette which is likely mildly enlarged. The aorta is\n slightly tortuous. There is crowding of the bronchovascular structures, with\n mild possible mild pulmonary vascular engorgement likely present. Diffuse\n calcified pleural plaques limits assessment of the pulmonary parenchyma. There\n are likely patchy opacities in the lung bases reflective of atelectasis.\n Minimal blunting of the right costophrenic angle appears new compared to the\n prior study and may be due to a small pleural effusion. No pneumothorax is\n identified. No acute osseous abnormalities seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13565877/s56299234/0c59944b-dbd8302b-4562d004-5868ec7a-d84395ad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39a771b2-b6891189-b68590ad-5d5cb5e6-7dc07990", "study_id": 52950410, "subject_id": 15195289, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of pneumonia or other significant cardiopulmonary\n abnormalities. Findings: In comparison to the chest radiographs obtained ___, no significant\n changes are appreciated. Lungs are fully expanded and clear without\n consolidations or suspicious pulmonary nodules. No pleural abnormalities.\n Heart size is top normal. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal. \n Cervical fusion hardware is incompletely evaluated on this study.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195289/s52950410/39a771b2-b6891189-b68590ad-5d5cb5e6-7dc07990.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46bbccc4-0de08ebc-a7cb330e-39811a4d-c74d733b", "study_id": 59273362, "subject_id": 13097080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Apparent linear lucency along the right\n heart border is felt to be artifactual. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Apparent linear lucency along the right heart border is felt to\n most likely be artifactual and is not substantiated on the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13097080/s59273362/46bbccc4-0de08ebc-a7cb330e-39811a4d-c74d733b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ada78bb-a6dcb49e-ac2a09e8-3671d4fe-e3b5aa68", "study_id": 56972774, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with improving bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Assessment of the apices is somewhat\n obscured by the patient's chin and soft tissues of the neck projecting over\n and obscuring this region. The heart size appears unchanged, which is within\n normal limits. There does appear to be a left ventricular predominance. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures as a result of low lung volumes. Streaky opacities\n in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis, and appear improved compared to\n the previous radiograph. No pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pneumothorax. Numerous clips are demonstrated in the left upper\n quadrant of the abdomen. Diffuse demineralization of the osseous structures\n is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s56972774/3ada78bb-a6dcb49e-ac2a09e8-3671d4fe-e3b5aa68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7abed310-5c7341f5-b74d2b26-7880d896-1cd5cff0", "study_id": 51337781, "subject_id": 12273883, "report": "impression: Subtle opacity projecting over the lateral right mid lung may be due to\n overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity or even rib fracture\n is not excluded. Findings could be further assessed with shallow oblique\n radiographs or chest CT.\n \n No displaced rib fracture definitively identified. However, if clinical\n concern persists, dedicated rib series or chest CT is more sensitive. Findings: Subtle opacity is seen projecting over the lateral right mid lung which may be\n due to overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity is not\n excluded. The lungs are relatively hyperinflated, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. Minimal left base atelectasis is seen. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. No displaced rib fracture is definitively\n identified. However, if clinical concern persists, dedicated rib series or\n chest CT is more sensitive.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12273883/s51337781/7abed310-5c7341f5-b74d2b26-7880d896-1cd5cff0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d00dd83-4db65b59-cb9eb0c2-5b70a148-82334ea6", "study_id": 57011081, "subject_id": 14962059, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with top-normal heart size again noted. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No definite acute osseous injury. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14962059/s57011081/4d00dd83-4db65b59-cb9eb0c2-5b70a148-82334ea6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25e1fea3-63c087dd-adb27176-a70687be-f0954a3b", "study_id": 57325562, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and well-aerated lungs which are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable, without evidence of intraperitoneal free air.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s57325562/25e1fea3-63c087dd-adb27176-a70687be-f0954a3b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "98460d00-834dcec0-77ec3b51-61149fa4-dfdbde10", "study_id": 51452692, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema.\n Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary\n artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac\n opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s51452692/98460d00-834dcec0-77ec3b51-61149fa4-dfdbde10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5d5a7606-5db82e01-30ed2d70-68cf2b3e-01014d34", "study_id": 51908330, "subject_id": 18162895, "report": "impression: Known pneumomediastinum identified on chest CT from one day prior\n is not clearly identified by this plain film. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Calcified\n granuloma again seen at the right lung base. There is no pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Pneumomediastinum\n identified on prior chest CT is not definitively identified by this chest\n x-ray. There is no subcutaneous gas identified in the neck. There is no free\n intraperitoneal air. Osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18162895/s51908330/5d5a7606-5db82e01-30ed2d70-68cf2b3e-01014d34.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13490b6f-3eb75751-a191991b-e8f33cad-e423992c", "study_id": 51351116, "subject_id": 10190940, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. Cardiomegaly is stable. There is\n bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n left-sided port terminates at the distal SVC.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10190940/s51351116/13490b6f-3eb75751-a191991b-e8f33cad-e423992c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9f2ec75-f28ac7f6-8e57221d-248fc115-82a9a1e0", "study_id": 54238531, "subject_id": 17528941, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographdemonstrates well expanded lungs. No CHF,\n focal infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax detected. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17528941/s54238531/f9f2ec75-f28ac7f6-8e57221d-248fc115-82a9a1e0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61057192-2a26a2e2-8145ae0c-1295cf36-5ac93c98", "study_id": 54056728, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "impression: 1. Left PICC line ends at mid SVC. No pneumothorax.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion is new since ___. Findings: Left PICC line ends approximately at mid SVC. Small left pleural\n effusion is new since ___. There is no pleural abnormality on\n the right side. Lungs are well expanded and without any opacities concerning\n for pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s54056728/61057192-2a26a2e2-8145ae0c-1295cf36-5ac93c98.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838", "study_id": 57882477, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: 1. New right chest wall pigtail catheter in appropriate position with moderate\n residual right pleural effusion PE\n 2. Interval improvement of pulmonary vascular congestion, now mild. Findings: The new right chest wall pigtail catheter is in appropriate position. There is\n no pneumothorax. The large right pleural effusion has decreased somewhat, but\n a moderate pleural effusion still remains in spite of drainage catheter\n placement. There is probably no left pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascular\n congestion has improved, now mild. There is stable cardiomegaly. The left\n chest wall pacemaker leads are in unchanged stable position.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s57882477/54096c14-0109abb4-f9341bfb-ee3fe012-50d75838.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bca22183-8c2b4234-3bb8fbcf-d0f4efb0-678b48ae", "study_id": 53441107, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs remain hyperinflated consistent with patient's history of\n underlying emphysema. Areas of calcified pleural plaques previously\n demonstrated on CT account for the focal calcific densities overlying\n bilateral lungs. There are no focal consolidations, effusions, or\n pneumothoraces. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53441107/bca22183-8c2b4234-3bb8fbcf-d0f4efb0-678b48ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c8f15e6-d3fed417-e5c8efc5-20074fce-ef925ffa", "study_id": 54038226, "subject_id": 19001598, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No free air under the diaphragms. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided\n dual-chamber pacemaker device is seen with leads terminating in the right\n atrium and right ventricle. The heart is normal in size. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Multiple spiral radiopaque\n densities within the upper anterior abdominal wall are compatible with prior\n ventral hernia repair. No free air is seen under the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19001598/s54038226/2c8f15e6-d3fed417-e5c8efc5-20074fce-ef925ffa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03bed479-1814df7f-0373e080-4e5d1ef0-6ebe1066", "study_id": 52711234, "subject_id": 17387103, "report": "impression: 1. Mild improvement of pulmonary vascular congestion and bilateral\n interstitial edema since ___ without complete resolution.\n 2. No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: In comparison to ___ portable chest radiograph, there is mild\n improvement of the pulmonary vascular congestion and bilateral interstitial\n edema. Blunted left costophrenic angle is likely due to an obscuring bowel\n lobe rather than a true left pleural effusion. Heart size is moderately\n enlarged but stable. No consolidation, masses nor nodules are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17387103/s52711234/03bed479-1814df7f-0373e080-4e5d1ef0-6ebe1066.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3454e89a-58e3895d-8af07967-2786fcd9-72c8fe21", "study_id": 57880555, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Right upper and potentially middle lobe pneumonia. Recommend repeat after\n treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is new consolidation in the\n right upper lobe and likely within the right middle lobe as well. The left\n lung is grossly clear. There is no effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged,\n unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute\n osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s57880555/3454e89a-58e3895d-8af07967-2786fcd9-72c8fe21.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb6b6702-9109f7be-cb626f90-5de5b6ef-4f4c7ad9", "study_id": 57239326, "subject_id": 11216230, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Prominent\n bilateral interstitial markings are stable from prior exam. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. Multiple bilateral rib deformities reflect\n prior fractures.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11216230/s57239326/cb6b6702-9109f7be-cb626f90-5de5b6ef-4f4c7ad9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d32f47ef-e58a672f-861f3eff-c37a113c-d426926f", "study_id": 53966206, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Chronic changes in the lungs without superimposed acute cardiopulmonary\n process. Findings: Increased interstitial markings seen at the periphery of the lung, right\n greater than left compatible with previously noted subpleural fibrotic\n changes. There is no new focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s53966206/d32f47ef-e58a672f-861f3eff-c37a113c-d426926f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "050b0481-40bac9ae-ecbb8c83-6251c674-f8dc69a7", "study_id": 56045322, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the effusion on the left\n has minimally increased in extent. On the right, the small pleural effusion\n is constant. Substantially improved are the signs previously indicative of\n interstitial lung edema. Fluid marking of the fissures persists. Unchanged\n evidence of moderate cardiomegaly with left basal atelectasis, unchanged\n position of the right pectoral Port-A-Cath.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s56045322/050b0481-40bac9ae-ecbb8c83-6251c674-f8dc69a7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e58282c4-fc8a5bed-aab4317b-f3dff9c8-40e5c04c", "study_id": 53527021, "subject_id": 19580750, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly with no evidence of pulmonary edema, or metastatic disease. Findings: A left chest wall pacemaker generator and leads are unchanged. The lungs are\n clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are stable, and the heart\n size is top normal.No pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580750/s53527021/e58282c4-fc8a5bed-aab4317b-f3dff9c8-40e5c04c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84a4773c-796af02b-98561cf7-d61b3178-ff7f4939", "study_id": 57184085, "subject_id": 15457431, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15457431/s57184085/84a4773c-796af02b-98561cf7-d61b3178-ff7f4939.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a9e93c6f-04f9e839-999c9508-6890b550-8f0ee880", "study_id": 53686865, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process, specifically no evidence of rib fracture.\n 2. Asbestos-related pleural plaques. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Multiple scattered calcified pleural plaques are\n suggestive of prior asbestos exposure. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The bony structures are grossly\n unremarkable with fracture.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53686865/a9e93c6f-04f9e839-999c9508-6890b550-8f0ee880.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "116fcb38-1309dd16-16643cd1-262b2801-bcc0a0bf", "study_id": 52654474, "subject_id": 15693523, "report": "impression: No significant interval change noting left perihilar mass with subsequent left\n lower lobe collapse and opacities in the aerated left upper lobe. Findings: Better delineated on recent CT scan is a left hilar mass compatible with\n patient's known malignancy with complete left lower lobe collapse is again\n seen. Scattered opacity in the aerated left upper lobe are compatible with\n opacity seen on recent CT. The right lung is grossly clear. Mediastinal shift\n to the left is as seen on prior. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device and\n right Port-A-Cath are again seen. Widespread metastatic disease is better seen\n on prior CT scan.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15693523/s52654474/116fcb38-1309dd16-16643cd1-262b2801-bcc0a0bf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80394587-5cae6c52-0e47c884-fc81d7a5-aa49039a", "study_id": 52530059, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: ET tip 55 mm proximal to the carina, but please note that the patient has a\n relatively short trachea and no more than 2 - 3cm advancement is advised.\n This was telephoned to the referring physician.\n Marked progression of the bilateral mid to lower lung zone airspace\n opacification which most likely represents pulmonary edema but superimposed\n infection or aspiration cannot be excluded. Findings: ETT tip ends above the clavicles, 55 mm above the carina. Decreased lung\n volumes. Cardiomegaly. Marked interval progression of the bilateral mid and\n lower lung zone airspace opacification with bilateral pleural effusions.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s52530059/80394587-5cae6c52-0e47c884-fc81d7a5-aa49039a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a49ebd3a-d86b070c-87256a4b-f5bb2b7e-f8ebaa00", "study_id": 53036339, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis versus consolidation. Otherwise no significant interval\n change when compared to the prior study. Findings: Assessment is somewhat limited due to marked patient rotation. The\n endotracheal tube tip is 2 cm above the carina. A right internal jugular\n catheter terminates in the distal SVC. There is persistent left lower lobe\n atelectasis. The heart remains enlarged. Bilateral pleural effusions are\n similar in appearance when compared to the prior study. Airspace opacity at\n the right lung base may reflect either atelectasis or infection.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s53036339/a49ebd3a-d86b070c-87256a4b-f5bb2b7e-f8ebaa00.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d6f62f9-adc5107d-e66dba67-28c879ec-bcf9e17a", "study_id": 56430288, "subject_id": 11164575, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. No acute process, in\n particular no pneumonia or pulmonary edema. No pleural effusions. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11164575/s56430288/1d6f62f9-adc5107d-e66dba67-28c879ec-bcf9e17a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2bf97d91-aeecb635-55ed5060-aea787be-5271de06", "study_id": 56734350, "subject_id": 15436594, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. There is a right lower lobe opacity which is concerning for\n developing infection. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15436594/s56734350/2bf97d91-aeecb635-55ed5060-aea787be-5271de06.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dda541da-8ccc3f68-97aa6c6a-6d7a5498-db3ca231", "study_id": 54407863, "subject_id": 17313406, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. The\n heart size is normal. The cardiac, hilar, and mediastinal contours are\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17313406/s54407863/dda541da-8ccc3f68-97aa6c6a-6d7a5498-db3ca231.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3a27e2d-1d0d73bc-b7394f0c-7ed82c79-189ddee5", "study_id": 53277637, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "impression: Subtotal left lung collapse with significant leftward mediastinal shift\n concerning for an airway obstruction such as an endobronchial lesion, foreign\n body, or mucous plug. Findings: Since the chest radiographs obtained 3 days prior, there has been a\n significant increase in left lung atelectasis with leftward mediastinal shift.\n Patient positioning does not account for all apparent mediastinal shift. \n Unable to assess for concomitant left pleural effusions or consolidation. The\n right lung is fully expanded and clear.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s53277637/f3a27e2d-1d0d73bc-b7394f0c-7ed82c79-189ddee5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a105a3d9-7ee8bcfd-6682d246-26c97cb4-e6caa2d5", "study_id": 54238531, "subject_id": 17528941, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographdemonstrates well expanded lungs. No CHF,\n focal infiltrate, pleural effusion or pneumothorax detected. Heart size,\n mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17528941/s54238531/a105a3d9-7ee8bcfd-6682d246-26c97cb4-e6caa2d5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17fae21b-681fe7f9-de27ec0b-232f4842-b13d94e9", "study_id": 57011996, "subject_id": 12458098, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fractures are detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458098/s57011996/17fae21b-681fe7f9-de27ec0b-232f4842-b13d94e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31cbe120-34a6c3e2-c1b2549f-22f5ce48-a57db40d", "study_id": 55137528, "subject_id": 18088903, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion or vascular congestion.\n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088903/s55137528/31cbe120-34a6c3e2-c1b2549f-22f5ce48-a57db40d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c89ccc41-96dc86b4-1bc72c5c-42c36213-914fde11", "study_id": 50830008, "subject_id": 19001598, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Midline sternotomy wires and\n left chest wall pacer device appear unchanged. The pacer leads extending to\n the region of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are clear. \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19001598/s50830008/c89ccc41-96dc86b4-1bc72c5c-42c36213-914fde11.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c26d509f-4ab96801-8ee15b4c-2f8b99b8-80e43f8c", "study_id": 58393728, "subject_id": 18194501, "report": "impression: No foreign body identified. No evidence of trauma. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. No foreign bodies\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18194501/s58393728/c26d509f-4ab96801-8ee15b4c-2f8b99b8-80e43f8c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca35468b-f8c1177c-cb354cc1-79281df8-b354b74d", "study_id": 52498426, "subject_id": 19079797, "report": "impression: Patient is status post median sternotomy with postoperative cardiac and\n mediastinal contours. The aorta is somewhat unfolded and tortuous. Lung\n volumes are low with faint opacities at both bases most likely representing\n patchy atelectasis in this setting of low lung volumes. No evidence of\n pulmonary edema, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Findings: Portable supine chest film of ___ at 04:14 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19079797/s52498426/ca35468b-f8c1177c-cb354cc1-79281df8-b354b74d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e7af712-008df97e-4476ff9a-66300e98-bd0ce2be", "study_id": 53300045, "subject_id": 18167484, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic abnormality.\n \n 2. Although no acute fracture or other chest wall lesion is seen,\n conventional chest radiographs are not sufficient for detection or\n characterization of most such abnormalities. If the demonstration of trauma to\n the chest wall is clinically warranted, the location of any referrable focal\n findings should be clearly marked and imaged with either bone detail\n radiographs or Chest CT scanning. Findings: Heart is normal size and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. \n Calcifications are noted in the aortic arch. Lungs are symmetrically expanded\n and clear. There is no pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Bones are grossly\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18167484/s53300045/3e7af712-008df97e-4476ff9a-66300e98-bd0ce2be.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e30504e-b946160e-6e57d083-2bd79527-b28f1dc4", "study_id": 54728992, "subject_id": 13671677, "report": "impression: Pacemaker with leads ending in the right atrium and right ventricle seen. Findings: Left cardiac pacemaker with intact leads ending in the right atrium and right\n ventricle is seen. Heart size is upper limit of normal with no signs of\n pleural effusion or pulmonary congestion. No focal consolidation is seen, and\n no complications of the procedure including pneumothorax are seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13671677/s54728992/9e30504e-b946160e-6e57d083-2bd79527-b28f1dc4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a30106ce-242ee50e-4ce16bef-83e94bda-ce490f7d", "study_id": 50901945, "subject_id": 11952678, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs are clear. Small anterior osteophytes are similar along the mid\n thoracic spine. One finding that is different since ___ is a small\n ossification interposed between the coracoid process of the left scapula and\n the nearby clavicle, which may be post-traumatic, but does not appear to\n represent an acute finding.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11952678/s50901945/a30106ce-242ee50e-4ce16bef-83e94bda-ce490f7d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "976d5e24-dbf376ab-9966d398-5632fd4a-09cb1d19", "study_id": 55026521, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "A prominant azygous vein is noted.\n Infrahilar opacity on the lateral view may represent left infrahilar\n lymphadenopathy or consolidation. A dedicated chest CT may be considered if\n there is clinical concern. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is noted. The\n cardiac silhouette is within normal limits. \n \n Dr. ___ was notified of the results at 7:40am on ___ via telephone.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s55026521/976d5e24-dbf376ab-9966d398-5632fd4a-09cb1d19.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f4705d9-33c6c0d9-d5c126c5-2710e4b6-1738c4bb", "study_id": 50937713, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s50937713/6f4705d9-33c6c0d9-d5c126c5-2710e4b6-1738c4bb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfc5f6b6-2c7ddc4f-f34bdcc8-2880d8b7-54333272", "study_id": 51916515, "subject_id": 14501307, "report": "impression: Top normal heart size. Otherwise, unremarkable. Clinical\n correlation is advised given patient's age. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are provided. The lungs are\n clear bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n heart appears top normal in size. Mediastinal contours are normal. Bony\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14501307/s51916515/cfc5f6b6-2c7ddc4f-f34bdcc8-2880d8b7-54333272.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04d4bb7c-3e524bc2-dddbd274-58c7a633-e72d0a37", "study_id": 52078228, "subject_id": 15585360, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia.\n \n Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior chest CT from ___ were\n better assessed on that more sensitive study and follow-up recommendation per\n that study remains. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. Small pulmonary nodules reported on prior\n chest CT from ___ were better assessed on that more sensitive\n study and follow-up recommendation per that study remains. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15585360/s52078228/04d4bb7c-3e524bc2-dddbd274-58c7a633-e72d0a37.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4cceece9-8400f980-a48fb232-e92e5441-6745b601", "study_id": 52040420, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "impression: 1. After repositioning of the feeding tube, it extends into the stomach;\n however, the distal end is off the radiographic view.\n \n 2. Bibasal atelectasis is similar. No other relevant changes. Findings: The feeding tube has been repositioned and is seen coursing below\n the diaphragm into the stomach; however, the distal end is off radiographic\n view. Tracheostomy tube is in standard position. Left-sided PICC line ends\n at mid SVC. Bilateral lung volumes are low and Bibasal atelectasis is\n similar. There are no new lung opacities of concern. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable in appearance. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s52040420/4cceece9-8400f980-a48fb232-e92e5441-6745b601.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c749828-5456ba72-1bfe7323-e247f3a9-bb29875c", "study_id": 51293946, "subject_id": 14376938, "report": "impression: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation seen elsewhere Findings: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation is seen elsewhere. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14376938/s51293946/1c749828-5456ba72-1bfe7323-e247f3a9-bb29875c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6887e2d1-fbfd6066-7306286f-87e5d3bc-3ded14e7", "study_id": 53709854, "subject_id": 10425463, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. A small hiatal hernia is demonstrated. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Multiple clips are noted in the upper\n abdomen. Multilevel degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10425463/s53709854/6887e2d1-fbfd6066-7306286f-87e5d3bc-3ded14e7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0bdf88f-f956d3d7-2ba2ed1c-b1a7bcab-4a9cf8eb", "study_id": 52869267, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: 1. Since ___, moderate right pleural effusion is mildly improved,\n bibasilar atelectasis is increased with possible new small left pleural\n effusion, and new opacity in the right mid lung may be atelectasis but could\n be pneumonia in the right clinical setting. Findings: Since ___, moderate right pleural effusion is mildly improved and\n bibasilar and retrocardiac atelectasis is increased with a possible new small\n left pleural effusion. A new opacity in the right mid lung may be atelectasis\n but could represent pneumonia in the right clinical setting. The left lung\n remains clear. Enlarged appearing heart may be technical from persistence of\n low lung volumes. Unchanged positioning of right internal jugular central\n line and feeding tube. Median sternotomy wires are intact and aligned. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s52869267/f0bdf88f-f956d3d7-2ba2ed1c-b1a7bcab-4a9cf8eb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2183d638-8f431548-7221c970-340325e1-fae35262", "study_id": 55600141, "subject_id": 12216053, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Moderate cardiomegaly without overt pulmonary edema. No pleural\n effusions, no interstitial abnormalities, in particular non-suggestive of\n chronic fluid overload. The hilar and mediastinal structures are\n unremarkable. No evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12216053/s55600141/2183d638-8f431548-7221c970-340325e1-fae35262.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80e656ba-2e0b73a5-6252aa35-12c0df92-f0d566b9", "study_id": 52526223, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is unchanged evidence\n of a relatively extensive left pleural effusion that occupies approximately\n half of the left hemithorax. The true extent of the effusion is, overall,\n grossly unchanged, although the effusion is distributed in a slightly\n different way. Unchanged relatively extensive left lower lung atelectasis and\n moderate cardiomegaly. On the right, there is no evidence of pathological\n changes such as effusions, pneumonia or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s52526223/80e656ba-2e0b73a5-6252aa35-12c0df92-f0d566b9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18f9a05f-f2cd30f5-bb92443e-a96e29a2-2d10374b", "study_id": 50677500, "subject_id": 11529986, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with low lung volumes and a large hiatal\n hernia. No evidence for superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: As compared to the prior examination dated ___, there has been no\n significant interval change. Low lung volumes resultant crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures. There is no lobar consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart size is within normal limits. A large\n hiatal hernia is again seen. Multiple known osseous metastases are poorly\n visualized on today's examination.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11529986/s50677500/18f9a05f-f2cd30f5-bb92443e-a96e29a2-2d10374b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5063d302-87f10189-f63cd435-f9628cbb-ea776d10", "study_id": 53140692, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. The lungs are clear of confluent consolidation. Cardiac\n silhouette is enlarged but stable. Hypertrophic change is seen in the spine. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s53140692/5063d302-87f10189-f63cd435-f9628cbb-ea776d10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f73e6a43-f6ec9972-190a4db6-83b00895-bd737150", "study_id": 51395345, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "impression: 1. Lines and tubes as described above.\n 2. Stable right upper mediastinal mass.\n 3. Right middle lobe atelectasis.\n 4. Question of narrowed trachea beyond the ET tube - CT may be considered is\n clinical concern for poor aeration exists. Findings: The patient is rotated to the left. The endotracheal tube sits\n just below the clavicular heads; the carina is not well seen, and while chest\n radiography is not ideal to assess for such, the trachea distal to the ET tube\n appears narrowed. The endogastric tube side port is well below the GE\n junction. The left-sided central line tip in the mid SVC.\n \n The heart size is within normal limits. Mediastinal contours again\n demonstrate calcified atherosclerotic disease at the aortic knob and a large\n mass approximately 8.5 x 6 cm in the coronal plane dominating the right upper\n mediastinum (better characterized on prior CT). Right middle lobe atelectasis\n is new. There is no large pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s51395345/f73e6a43-f6ec9972-190a4db6-83b00895-bd737150.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92a5d6c1-3f56ede1-91a82ea3-97a0a28c-b540ac54", "study_id": 55299733, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is present with left ventricular configuration of the heart.\n Aorta is tortuous, and pulmonary vascularity is normal. Focal linear scar in\n the lingula is present as well as localized appear pleural and parenchymal\n scarring at the right base, with latter unchanged since the prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s55299733/92a5d6c1-3f56ede1-91a82ea3-97a0a28c-b540ac54.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8f092636-8655ebb5-82f5c8a4-ac96ebaf-b108319a", "study_id": 50705665, "subject_id": 19837705, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable position\n of left-sided pacer device. Findings: There is persistent severe enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Patient is status post median\n sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. Dual lead left-sided pacer device\n is stable in position. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19837705/s50705665/8f092636-8655ebb5-82f5c8a4-ac96ebaf-b108319a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e9c7e41a-39669be4-ef06a00c-98608201-df448387", "study_id": 50920453, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "impression: Ill-defined opacity projecting over the periphery of the lingula is concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. An ill-defined nodular opacity projecting over\n the periphery of the lingula is noted, not seen clearly on the lateral view.\n Right lung is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s50920453/e9c7e41a-39669be4-ef06a00c-98608201-df448387.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ccea3851-88245a72-e4229b4e-0d54293e-6b5fae76", "study_id": 52339870, "subject_id": 10462870, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change or\n evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion. \n \n There has been interval placement of multiple surgical clips in the lower\n neck, presumably from thyroid surgery.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10462870/s52339870/ccea3851-88245a72-e4229b4e-0d54293e-6b5fae76.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66cd9f76-7d0e7422-876c51b9-e8f215eb-96091f16", "study_id": 55639373, "subject_id": 13565877, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vague opacities projecting over the mid upper lungs laterally are compatible\n with calcified pleural plaques seen on prior CT. No obvious underlying\n consolidation. There is no effusion or edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13565877/s55639373/66cd9f76-7d0e7422-876c51b9-e8f215eb-96091f16.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a567b6d8-c57e0444-3e56f41a-a87709c3-ca1cf01e", "study_id": 59362958, "subject_id": 18465343, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear and the\n pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion is seen.\n There are multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18465343/s59362958/a567b6d8-c57e0444-3e56f41a-a87709c3-ca1cf01e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5495cf03-882d6e53-523d1ccc-3ac2643f-f294b347", "study_id": 57657192, "subject_id": 18172293, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low which\n limits assessment. There is mild left basal/retrocardiac opacity which could\n represent atelectasis versus an early pneumonia. The right lung appears\n clear. No large effusion is seen. No pneumothorax. No signs of congestion\n or edema. The heart appears mildly enlarged. Mediastinal contour appears\n normal. Imaged bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18172293/s57657192/5495cf03-882d6e53-523d1ccc-3ac2643f-f294b347.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e19c90a-56616e62-58e69f3d-49b1cc24-9969f3c9", "study_id": 59627220, "subject_id": 19521888, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19521888/s59627220/0e19c90a-56616e62-58e69f3d-49b1cc24-9969f3c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e33fa528-3c176030-592d4d75-9395739d-2f4c25a2", "study_id": 51687670, "subject_id": 16476300, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen. Radiopaque density overlying the left heart\n border is external to the chest wall.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16476300/s51687670/e33fa528-3c176030-592d4d75-9395739d-2f4c25a2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a229d223-937a556a-7a395dbc-951be366-22d9e940", "study_id": 55802076, "subject_id": 19442226, "report": "impression: No cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. A convex, linear opacity in the right lung base is\n stable from ___ and may represent an area of scarring. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19442226/s55802076/a229d223-937a556a-7a395dbc-951be366-22d9e940.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9537d32-fb8e976f-0128f837-6f009881-56b28f56", "study_id": 54463242, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema.\n \n The lung bases are underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased\n opacity projecting over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be\n due to atelectasis although an early consolidation due to aspiration or\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The lung bases are\n underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased opacity projecting\n over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be due to atelectasis\n although an early consolidation due to aspiration or infection is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mediastinal contours are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s54463242/c9537d32-fb8e976f-0128f837-6f009881-56b28f56.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78c48cee-1c2a502c-9a948c79-770c6b18-1c0335bf", "study_id": 58971922, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Distended loops of large bowel. Correlate with abdominal examination. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural\n effusion. A 6-mm nodular opacity at the right lung base is unchanged since\n the ___ examination, most compatible with a calcified granuloma. \n Anterior cervical hardware is unchanged in position and orientation, with no\n evidence of hardware loosening.\n \n Of note, there appears to be mild distension of the large bowel. This was not\n present on the ___ examination. No free air is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s58971922/78c48cee-1c2a502c-9a948c79-770c6b18-1c0335bf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f2033c5-f3718a4d-092239d8-8a857cfc-651961b6", "study_id": 52896510, "subject_id": 14392929, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: AP and lateral images of the chest. \n \n The lungs are well expanded and clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14392929/s52896510/6f2033c5-f3718a4d-092239d8-8a857cfc-651961b6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9f997d60-cf0331fe-18c6ed7f-d56768f9-1fac8323", "study_id": 58052191, "subject_id": 19112585, "report": "impression: There has been interval removal of the right internal jugular Swan-Ganz\n catheter with the introducer sheath remaining in place. Interval placement of\n a left internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter which has its tip in the right\n pulmonary artery. A nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm\n with the tip not identified. No pneumothorax is seen. There continues to be\n perihilar fullness and pulmonary vascular indistinctness consistent with mild\n pulmonary edema. Overall, aeration has improved at the right base but the\n left basilar opacity is unchanged and likely reflects lower lobe atelectasis\n in the setting of a layering effusion. Status post median sternotomy with\n stable postoperative cardiac and mediastinal contours. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 14:12 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19112585/s58052191/9f997d60-cf0331fe-18c6ed7f-d56768f9-1fac8323.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f821554-6b546bda-9be33494-4aa387db-9b020bb1", "study_id": 54475799, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s54475799/2f821554-6b546bda-9be33494-4aa387db-9b020bb1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24386f31-41e447f6-dd0abcfa-ac74f2fe-431699ec", "study_id": 57118642, "subject_id": 10253119, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10253119/s57118642/24386f31-41e447f6-dd0abcfa-ac74f2fe-431699ec.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73c4f0b3-857d48d6-62f18f50-6000ea9c-43e2d25c", "study_id": 56377178, "subject_id": 13196707, "report": "impression: 1.The Dobbhoff tube terminates in the stomach.\n \n 2. Worsening right atelectasis and pleural effusion. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube terminates in the stomach. The right IJ central venous\n catheter terminates in caval atrial junction.\n \n Lung volume is small. The right atelectasis and pleural effusion has\n increased. The left atelectasis is unchanged. The left costophrenic angle is\n out of view. The lungs are otherwise clear. The cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged and unchanged. The mediastinum is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13196707/s56377178/73c4f0b3-857d48d6-62f18f50-6000ea9c-43e2d25c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f7ba140-b003ee99-5b0b5d7d-af4aa6b4-a212ee2d", "study_id": 58802826, "subject_id": 17709047, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary\n vascularity is normal. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormality is seen. Surgical\n sutures are demonstrated within the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17709047/s58802826/1f7ba140-b003ee99-5b0b5d7d-af4aa6b4-a212ee2d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7438cd11-ca6cba83-c3d0b14e-b4f04d84-cdd824b4", "study_id": 56336499, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: 1. Worsening diffuse parenchymal opacities in the lungs concerning for\n worsening PCP. More focal consolidation in the right lung base may represent\n a secondary pneumonic process.\n 2. Previously noted small right apical pneumothorax is not visualized on the\n current exam. Findings: Previously noted right apical pneumothorax is\n not visualized on the current study. The left PICC tip remains in unchanged\n position within the upper SVC. Heart size is normal. Aortic knob\n calcifications are again noted. Worsening parenchymal opacities are\n demonstrated in both lungs, with more focal consolidative opacity in the right\n lung base. No pleural effusion is identified. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s56336499/7438cd11-ca6cba83-c3d0b14e-b4f04d84-cdd824b4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b606c5ab-1f7c5020-53941bec-8f32fed0-249da9f6", "study_id": 55077682, "subject_id": 12669344, "report": "impression: Nasogastric tube is seen coursing below the diaphragm with the tip not\n identified. Endotracheal tube has its tip approximately 5 cm above the carina.\n The heart remains enlarged. Interstitial edema has slightly improved. Small\n right pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest film ___ at 08:04 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12669344/s55077682/b606c5ab-1f7c5020-53941bec-8f32fed0-249da9f6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5c3b36a-f3271f5a-cc6ce24f-3808fc88-f79e1e27", "study_id": 53359410, "subject_id": 12772476, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n There is extensive scoliosis. There is residual contrast material seen within\n the colon. There are lucencies projecting over the left retrocardiac area,\n which likely represents a hiatal hernia. There is atelectasis at the left\n lung base and possibly a small pleural effusion bilaterally with blunting of\n the costophrenic angles. The mid and upper lung zones of both lungs are\n clear. There is calcification in thoracic aorta with some deviation of the\n trachea to the right side. No pneumothoraces are seen. There are no signs\n for overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12772476/s53359410/a5c3b36a-f3271f5a-cc6ce24f-3808fc88-f79e1e27.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c58bc070-f7ebbe78-118de371-eb210cc8-fa6d8df7", "study_id": 53550262, "subject_id": 12371823, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities identified. Height loss of several\n mid thoracic vertebral bodies is unchanged from prior.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12371823/s53550262/c58bc070-f7ebbe78-118de371-eb210cc8-fa6d8df7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ecdb716-e49a94e2-ad048b9b-135f180b-c96aa97b", "study_id": 54309228, "subject_id": 18001816, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary process identified. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. Lung volumes are low. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No chf, focal infiltrate,\n effusion or pneumothorax is detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18001816/s54309228/7ecdb716-e49a94e2-ad048b9b-135f180b-c96aa97b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d44811b4-e337ad4c-3db89276-a24ae31a-5364e1fb", "study_id": 58798839, "subject_id": 14544801, "report": "impression: 1. The patient is known with right upper lobe lung cancer that has cavitated\n with bilateral basal opacities that could be compatible with aspiration or\n pneumonia.\n 2. Left fifth anterior rib fracture is new. Findings: Non-displaced anterior fifth left rib fracture is new.\n \n Necrotic cavitating right upper lobe mass with air-fluid level was better\n assessed in previous chest CT. Bibasilar opacities are mostly compatible with\n aspiration or pneumonia. Pleural effusion is small if any. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14544801/s58798839/d44811b4-e337ad4c-3db89276-a24ae31a-5364e1fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5", "study_id": 57717537, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Very low lung volumes have slightly decreased since ___. \n Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities most likely represent atelectasis. A\n small left pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is unchanged since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low, which is only slightly worsened since ___. This accentuates the\n cardiac silhouette which appears stably enlarged. There is mild vascular\n congestion, but no overt pulmonary edema. The mediastinal contour is stable;\n the pulmonary artery is enlarged. Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax is seen. There are clips in the left upper quadrant of the\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s57717537/54cefdc7-0441ba41-15e39589-9ca6ea57-40e19af5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3bdd0274-223225d7-9df7e491-ec5fb338-0acf44e8", "study_id": 57239481, "subject_id": 16596972, "report": "impression: 1. Multifocal lymphadenopathy, most severe in the right hilum and subcarinal\n region. Further evaluation with CT contrast is recommended. Differential\n diagnosis includes small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, TB, and metastatic\n disease.\n 2. No pneumonia. Findings: Multifocal lymphadenopathy is present, most marked in the right hilar and\n subcarinal regions and likely also involving the mediastinum and left hilum to\n a lesser degree. The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded and are clear. The heart\n size is normal. Small left pleural effusion is likely.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16596972/s57239481/3bdd0274-223225d7-9df7e491-ec5fb338-0acf44e8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "948bd46d-61f1d63e-56f946d2-b4c37349-5d0518ae", "study_id": 59889283, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: ICD leads over right atrium, right ventricle, and in region of coronary sinus.\n \n Probable atelectasis and small right pleural effusion new or more pronounced\n than on ___. Right lung base pneumothorax is considered much less\n likely. Attention to this area on followup films is requested. Findings: An ICD is in place. 1 lead overlies right atrium AND AN other overlies the\n right ventricle. The third lead courses posteriorly and lies in the expected\n location of the coronary sinus.\n \n There is a small effusion at the right costophrenic angle. There is probable\n atelectasis with a small curvilinear sliver of air in between. This is less\n likely to represent a RIGHT LUNG BASE pneumothorax, as there is no\n corresponding abnormality on the lateral view. Left costophrenic sulcus is\n clear.\n \n No overt CHF or focal infiltrate identified. No apical pneumothorax detected.\n \n Background hyperinflation likely present, similar to prior", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s59889283/948bd46d-61f1d63e-56f946d2-b4c37349-5d0518ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bc2e5f8e-5fa53cf8-97cc7920-21879c69-eada094b", "study_id": 57451515, "subject_id": 11128012, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. The heart is normal in size, and\n the mediastinal contours are normal. There continues to be elevation of the\n right hemidiaphragm, similar to prior radiographs.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11128012/s57451515/bc2e5f8e-5fa53cf8-97cc7920-21879c69-eada094b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee8009d0-8d39c5ea-7834a7a0-14647847-d9dd7ef1", "study_id": 58140208, "subject_id": 18095293, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18095293/s58140208/ee8009d0-8d39c5ea-7834a7a0-14647847-d9dd7ef1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5efa2f05-aa177e84-93949bd0-2744fb04-908b9a48", "study_id": 57386788, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Limited exam, no acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views the chest. Subtle prominence of the right hilar\n bronchovascular markings may reflect AP technique. No definite consolidation\n concerning for pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax. No overt edema. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette appears normal. No acute bony injuries.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s57386788/5efa2f05-aa177e84-93949bd0-2744fb04-908b9a48.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e739c1f7-c8cb4da6-35a5b19c-c3c44f5c-bde78d3d", "study_id": 55217119, "subject_id": 11485848, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. The lungs are clear. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11485848/s55217119/e739c1f7-c8cb4da6-35a5b19c-c3c44f5c-bde78d3d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c2e4d2ab-1ef3ec14-f7d2ee88-38430789-e17be20c", "study_id": 56049214, "subject_id": 12659391, "report": "impression: Right PICC tip at upper-to-mid SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip has been somewhat advanced into the upper-to-mid\n SVC. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12659391/s56049214/c2e4d2ab-1ef3ec14-f7d2ee88-38430789-e17be20c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "514cd541-74dff7cf-998b6616-ddcd3d4b-d3096e80", "study_id": 57644406, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: Lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. A peripheral right lower lobe granuloma is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Cervical spinal hardware appears\n in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s57644406/514cd541-74dff7cf-998b6616-ddcd3d4b-d3096e80.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e2cf84dd-8e0f61bb-4068b19d-3dd7f5f6-454cab9e", "study_id": 58676331, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: No significant interval change since the radiograph from earlier today. Findings: The tip of the endotracheal tube projects over the mid thoracic trachea. A\n gastric tube is present, the tip projecting over the stomach. A right\n internal jugular central venous catheter extends into the midportion of the\n SVC.\n \n Unchanged opacity in the right peritracheal region and around the right hilum.\n The right costophrenic angle is not included on these radiographs. No\n pneumothorax identified. Small left pleural effusion.\n \n The appearance of the cardiac silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s58676331/e2cf84dd-8e0f61bb-4068b19d-3dd7f5f6-454cab9e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09e51f9b-6149243e-70660f6d-66092f8e-b5342668", "study_id": 54668084, "subject_id": 17266832, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear\n stable including stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n There is again mild relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified\n nodule in the right lower lobe is again visible. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over each axillary region. There has been no definite change.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17266832/s54668084/09e51f9b-6149243e-70660f6d-66092f8e-b5342668.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ff0e266e-6a3934bd-5c43948a-9777d9c7-8195a8cb", "study_id": 53274670, "subject_id": 17933711, "report": "impression: New right catheter terminating in the right atrium. No pneumothorax. \n \n No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. \n \n These findings were communicated to ordering physician ___. ___ by Dr. ___\n ___ telephone at 10:35 on ___ immediately upon review of the\n radiograph. Findings: The frontal and lateral chest re- craft demonstrates clear lungs with no focal\n consolidations. There is a new right catheter terminating in the right\n atrium. There is no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusions. Heart size\n is mildly enlarged. Pulmonary vasculature and hilar structures are\n unremarkable. Pleural surfaces and osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17933711/s53274670/ff0e266e-6a3934bd-5c43948a-9777d9c7-8195a8cb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "14ca8f98-3b8cc136-42e4fd22-e44b2da1-e390b60b", "study_id": 53111457, "subject_id": 12998617, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear within normal limits and\n unchanged. Streaky opacities at the left lung base indicate mild atelectasis.\n A small calcification projecting over the right upper lobe and the course of\n the right anterior fourth rib as well as the posterior right seventh rib\n suggests a bone island or parenchymal granuloma but unchanged. Mild pleural\n thickening appears unchanged at each lung apex. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The chest appears hyperinflated.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12998617/s53111457/14ca8f98-3b8cc136-42e4fd22-e44b2da1-e390b60b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c85fee28-66bb150d-3b065b0a-102fe76b-cbe662b0", "study_id": 58168751, "subject_id": 12056668, "report": "AP single view of the chest was obtained with patient in\n semi-upright position. Comparison is made with the next preceding similar\n study of ___. In the interval, the right-sided pigtail end\n drainage catheter in the lower pleural space has been removed. Aeration of\n the lung is unchanged and no evidence of increasing pleural effusion is\n present. Again, however, a small up to 2 cm wide apical pneumothorax cavity\n persists. No other new abnormalities. Left-sided pleural effusion persists\n and is seen to extend in the posterior pleural space as well as identified on\n a lateral view in sitting position.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12056668/s58168751/c85fee28-66bb150d-3b065b0a-102fe76b-cbe662b0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a630e6f1-a760573b-d0a05341-d9831a18-a8de22c3", "study_id": 57260304, "subject_id": 17002995, "report": "impression: Left greater than right bibasilar opacities, felt to most likely represent\n atelectasis on the recent CT. Re-demonstration of dominant left upper lobe\n pulmonary nodule. Findings: There are bibasilar opacities, left greater than right, likely corresponding\n to findings on recent CT which were felt to most likely represent atelectasis.\n The dominant left upper lobe pulmonary nodule is re-demonstrated. No other\n areas of focal consolidation suspicious for pneumonia. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free\n air under in the hemidiaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17002995/s57260304/a630e6f1-a760573b-d0a05341-d9831a18-a8de22c3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e6828d47-61cbfa6e-0213c719-e6864bd1-2bd635b9", "study_id": 54669301, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Right lower lung opacity compatible with pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs show a subtle opacity in the left\n lung base compatible with pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The cardiac, hilar, and\n mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s54669301/e6828d47-61cbfa6e-0213c719-e6864bd1-2bd635b9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89c1cb10-0f3f0d50-cdd7903e-91acfc37-51d468d3", "study_id": 54805725, "subject_id": 15793456, "report": "impression: Severe emphysema. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality Findings: Cardiac size is normal. The hilum are enlarged as before. The lungs are\n hyperinflated and clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lines\n and tubes are in unchanged standard position", "image_path": [ "p15/p15793456/s54805725/89c1cb10-0f3f0d50-cdd7903e-91acfc37-51d468d3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95f4c351-08ade2e1-786e44a0-8d53ac86-c22dc8c7", "study_id": 58564406, "subject_id": 16034181, "report": "Comparison is made to prior study from ___.\n \n Heart size is upper limits of normal but is stable. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or signs for acute pulmonary edema. There is\n likely a small pleural effusion on the left side, best seen on the lateral\n view.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16034181/s58564406/95f4c351-08ade2e1-786e44a0-8d53ac86-c22dc8c7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "171a4674-65e7ed96-c63bae1f-faa3fd7d-07ac9309", "study_id": 53302173, "subject_id": 10986871, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, left greater than right suggest infection or atelectasis.\n Mild cardiomegaly is stable. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating mild\n cardiomegaly. Mitral annular calcifications are noted. Bibasilar opacities,\n left greater than right are demonstrated and may represent infection or\n atelectasis. Lower lung volumes on the current exam results in crowding of\n the bronchovascular markings. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There is\n no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. There is marked degenerative\n change involving the glenohumeral joints bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10986871/s53302173/171a4674-65e7ed96-c63bae1f-faa3fd7d-07ac9309.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9296d4e5-8c81e5dd-f08e6cfb-658feaeb-fe3cdfa5", "study_id": 59648901, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Persistent left retrocardiac opacity. No evidence of large volume left\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax after removal of chest tube. Findings: The left chest tube has been removed. There is no new large pleural effusion. \n There is no pneumothorax. There is a persistent left retrocardiac opacity\n which may be secondary to infection, pleural effusion, or atelectasis.\n Cardiomegaly is unchanged.\n \n The left PICC, right IJ Swan-Ganz catheter, and LVAD are unchanged in\n appropriate in position.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s59648901/9296d4e5-8c81e5dd-f08e6cfb-658feaeb-fe3cdfa5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed3ea821-d5846c32-5f18d81a-657f73d8-472d55eb", "study_id": 52916619, "subject_id": 19890030, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are essentially unchanged. Again, there are diffuse areas of\n increased opacification bilaterally, consistent with pulmonary edema with\n cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis at\n the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting, supervening pneumonia would\n have to be considered.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890030/s52916619/ed3ea821-d5846c32-5f18d81a-657f73d8-472d55eb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82964865-d4efa996-8d0f5736-16793d59-ca381654", "study_id": 51017937, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. No focal consolidations identified. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette hilar contours are stable. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s51017937/82964865-d4efa996-8d0f5736-16793d59-ca381654.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "76d88971-1492bc74-4a00303b-111fa19f-a617a23b", "study_id": 59002259, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities are new since ___ exam, possibly atelectasis,\n aspiration, or infection in appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a stable postoperative\n appearance of the left hemithorax status post thoracoplasty. Right apical\n scarring persists. Right lung base opacity partially obscuring right\n hemidiaphragm is new since prior exam. Ill-defined left lung base opacity is\n also noted. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pulmonary edema. \n Emphysema predominantly involving upper lung zones is unchanged. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Heart size is normal. Partially imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s59002259/76d88971-1492bc74-4a00303b-111fa19f-a617a23b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ffd81c9c-a7f1e1b9-eb6fb574-0066af97-9d20f9a9", "study_id": 58633058, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes continue\n to be low. There is mild hyperexpansion of the stomach and a newly appeared\n retrocardiac atelectasis. No pleural effusions. No pulmonary edema. The\n cardiac silhouette continues to be at the upper range of normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s58633058/ffd81c9c-a7f1e1b9-eb6fb574-0066af97-9d20f9a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f8cc507-ca77e676-30fe438e-cee4bdae-7e09709e", "study_id": 56285032, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. A 5-mm calcified\n nodule projecting over the right lower lung field is unchanged, compatible\n with a granuloma. The lungs are otherwise clear without focal consolidation. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion\n hardware is noted. There is diffuse gaseous distention of the colonic loops\n of bowel within the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s56285032/3f8cc507-ca77e676-30fe438e-cee4bdae-7e09709e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35f30547-a26ab9ec-f5962b41-1e1d9b3a-2a9b5f50", "study_id": 58257481, "subject_id": 14482820, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14482820/s58257481/35f30547-a26ab9ec-f5962b41-1e1d9b3a-2a9b5f50.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "45f4bdf0-94ec8ad6-63252991-1a72f5bf-92cbbefe", "study_id": 53855769, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes are noted with secondary bibasilar atelectasis, more so on\n the left. The lungs are otherwise grossly clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s53855769/45f4bdf0-94ec8ad6-63252991-1a72f5bf-92cbbefe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "588def2d-500ceb2b-4f6ba7d2-538d584d-1b6e3093", "study_id": 50743847, "subject_id": 14880886, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.\n 2. No overt traumatic abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or\n pneumothorax. No overt traumatic abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14880886/s50743847/588def2d-500ceb2b-4f6ba7d2-538d584d-1b6e3093.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0e340f0-d387cf51-931c26a5-2c512b2f-92ba4aba", "study_id": 56782686, "subject_id": 18577540, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18577540/s56782686/f0e340f0-d387cf51-931c26a5-2c512b2f-92ba4aba.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5094d0a0-f07c9eb2-b85c310a-d6e1335b-ca4efd83", "study_id": 54475799, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s54475799/5094d0a0-f07c9eb2-b85c310a-d6e1335b-ca4efd83.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "de69325c-e5504037-f88be1fe-9507d5f9-c55411cc", "study_id": 55621374, "subject_id": 17797518, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no consolidation or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17797518/s55621374/de69325c-e5504037-f88be1fe-9507d5f9-c55411cc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e690aea-3a937250-0a43c974-010eeb6a-f84953b2", "study_id": 56038252, "subject_id": 10595724, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10595724/s56038252/3e690aea-3a937250-0a43c974-010eeb6a-f84953b2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f10984d9-b7e843e6-ebb071e2-68fe6b30-930a5e31", "study_id": 59874624, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "There is a single right chest tube with its tip terminating near\n the right lung apex. No pneumothorax. Widening on the right side of the\n mediastinum is attributed to the neoesophagus. Otherwise, cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable in appearance. Minimal bibasilar atelectasis is present,\n unchanged on the right side and minimal increase on the left side. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s59874624/f10984d9-b7e843e6-ebb071e2-68fe6b30-930a5e31.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16664421-34328b5d-6c0d94e2-71285361-4233fb85", "study_id": 52815959, "subject_id": 19950864, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema. Left basilar opacity may reflect atelectasis though\n infection can be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: There is mild interstitial edema, and the heart is normal in size. A left\n basilar opacity may reflect atelectasis versus pneumonia. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19950864/s52815959/16664421-34328b5d-6c0d94e2-71285361-4233fb85.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b1bf08c1-0f016663-5e5500bb-8b341326-b12e9c6b", "study_id": 59936924, "subject_id": 11623255, "report": "Increased opacification in the left infrahilar region is consistent\n with early pneumonia. A followup chest radiograph in six weeks after\n appropriate therapy is recommended to confirm resolution. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The\n cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits and unchanged.\n \n Findings were posted by Dr. ___ to the radiology critical results\n dashboard for communication to Dr. ___ at 6:30 p.m. on ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11623255/s59936924/b1bf08c1-0f016663-5e5500bb-8b341326-b12e9c6b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "791ef542-9bf794a8-96dd48ff-588a38ed-9b686f16", "study_id": 55148571, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Again seen in the\n right upper lobe is a calcified granuloma. The previously described multiple\n lung nodules are not as conspicuous on this study and are better characterized\n on the previous chest CT. An old right seventh rib fracture is present. A\n wedge compression fracture of the mid thoracic spine is unchanged. The heart\n size is normal. Aortic calcifications are seen in an otherwise normal\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s55148571/791ef542-9bf794a8-96dd48ff-588a38ed-9b686f16.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "71303414-ba44ef85-a0ecfd3d-987e16a5-878de783", "study_id": 54433456, "subject_id": 12840185, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic\n spine with anterior bridging osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12840185/s54433456/71303414-ba44ef85-a0ecfd3d-987e16a5-878de783.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57e91f33-eec51e84-628b8259-c7a15e51-86787a84", "study_id": 50289779, "subject_id": 16698318, "report": "impression: Ill-defined opacity within the right lung base which is\n concerning for pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: There is moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. Ill-defined opacity is noted within the right\n lung base, which is concerning for an infectious process. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes are noted in the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are seen within the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16698318/s50289779/57e91f33-eec51e84-628b8259-c7a15e51-86787a84.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "365ca073-00e2cc8b-ede31946-142d70e7-e03c0bd9", "study_id": 50078606, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the mediastinum with the neoesophagus. \n Lungs are clear. No pneumonia/aspiration. Findings: Mild mediastinal widening on the right side is from an air-filled\n neoesophagus which has an unchanged appearance since ___. Both\n lungs are well expanded and clear. No evidence to suggest aspiration or\n pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is normal, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s50078606/365ca073-00e2cc8b-ede31946-142d70e7-e03c0bd9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08f26428-11618c66-d31e30be-bb3cdba9-7246cdef", "study_id": 53069779, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "impression: Small right greater than left bilateral pleural effusions. Dobbhoff tube ends\n in the very proximal stomach and should be further advanced. Findings: Heart size is top normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There has been interval development of small\n bilateral right greater than left pleural effusions with mild adjacent\n bibasilar atelectasis. Remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax. A Dobbhoff tube remains in place in the very proximal stomach\n and should be further advanced.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s53069779/08f26428-11618c66-d31e30be-bb3cdba9-7246cdef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84f45a41-bb20a8f4-788c0893-ebfc60e0-d1a50ed2", "study_id": 50421655, "subject_id": 19636128, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated but clear without consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinum silhouette is stable. No displaced fractures\n identified. Hypertrophic changes are noted in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19636128/s50421655/84f45a41-bb20a8f4-788c0893-ebfc60e0-d1a50ed2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c53d4662-f55d3ef5-6178259b-9e374870-79aa413b", "study_id": 59048448, "subject_id": 17346035, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Possible mild central adenopathy requires follow\n ___ ___ ___ was paged. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Lobulation of the mediastinal contour of the main pulmonary\n artery and the left hilus could be due to mild adenopathy. Any prior\n radiographs should be obtained to see if this is a new finding. If stability\n cannot be determined, I recommend repeat CXR in 4 weeks.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17346035/s59048448/c53d4662-f55d3ef5-6178259b-9e374870-79aa413b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9d33ba30-3b746ce7-bf969585-85fde961-8967f38c", "study_id": 52244987, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: New mild pulmonary edema and unchanged small bilateral pleural\n effusions, since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Prominence of the interstitial markings\n as well as bilateral patchy airspace opacities consistent with pulmonary edema\n which is new since ___. Moderate, left greater than right, pleural\n effusions are unchanged. No pneumothorax is identified. There are surgical\n clips in the left upper abdomen. There is eventration of the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s52244987/9d33ba30-3b746ce7-bf969585-85fde961-8967f38c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6fb266b-ccca366f-9385bd8b-45c8e10e-bff19574", "study_id": 59315725, "subject_id": 14998466, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Specifically, no pneumonia. Findings: No interval change. The lungs are well inflated and clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are\n unremarkable.\n \n A left pacer device is seen with lead tips in the right atrium and right\n ventricle. EKG leads overlie the chest wall.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14998466/s59315725/a6fb266b-ccca366f-9385bd8b-45c8e10e-bff19574.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8b7273b-a7fcc609-c3282bbb-34e43194-ff77283e", "study_id": 50384009, "subject_id": 15479108, "report": "impression: No radiographic findings to suggest the presence of sarcoid or\n tuberculosis. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits\n and without change. Lungs are clear except for a small linear focus of\n atelectasis of scar at the left lung base. No pleural effusion or acute\n skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15479108/s50384009/d8b7273b-a7fcc609-c3282bbb-34e43194-ff77283e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3eb3bf96-c5401aea-07178eee-c43e5e80-600f6a33", "study_id": 55070875, "subject_id": 10337896, "report": "impression: NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. If it is a better\n visualization is desired, repeat radiographs with abdominal technique can be\n performed. Findings: The NG tube not well visualized, but may pass into the abdomen. Diffuse\n bilateral pulmonary opacifications are again seen, unchanged from prior exam.\n ET tube and right IJ central line are in stable position from prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10337896/s55070875/3eb3bf96-c5401aea-07178eee-c43e5e80-600f6a33.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "075c5fad-cfbf7397-05bfb8fc-55ed0999-6c4abf11", "study_id": 54369648, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax status post removal of right-sided Swan-Ganz catheter. No\n specific findings to account for new increase in tachycardia Findings: Right IJ Swan-Ganz catheter has been removed and no pneumothorax seen.\n Left-sided PICC line and left ventricular assist device appear unchanged\n radiographically. Cardiac silhouette is large with unchanged splayed carina.\n Obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm and right cardiophrenic angle indicate\n associated basilar consolidation the findings do not suggest increase in\n pleural fluid on either side.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s54369648/075c5fad-cfbf7397-05bfb8fc-55ed0999-6c4abf11.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67f234c1-478fd442-029776c8-c5f0b2d1-d6e0b994", "study_id": 54191170, "subject_id": 18827738, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged chest radiograph.\n \n 2. The tip of the endotracheal tube is 3 cm above the carina.\n \n These findings were communicated to the covering team at approximately ___ on\n ___, at which time the patient had already been extubated. Findings: A portable frontal chest radiograph initially demonstrate a\n Dobbhoff tube looped back upon itself projecting over the mid chest. \n Subsequent images demonstrate interval removal of the Dobbhoff tube. A\n nasoenteric tube is looped within a hiatal hernia. The tip of the\n endotracheal tube is approximately 3 cm above the carina. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged and the lungs are without focal\n consolidation. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18827738/s54191170/67f234c1-478fd442-029776c8-c5f0b2d1-d6e0b994.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ac273887-927e791a-6efc8cbb-9e16bd27-f2fc65cc", "study_id": 54358600, "subject_id": 17934731, "report": "impression: No evidence suspicious for intrathoracic metastatic disease. Findings: Compared with most recent prior radiographs, pleural effusions and associated\n atelectasis have resolved. There is no change in severe leftward thoracic\n scoliosis and hiatal hernia. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17934731/s54358600/ac273887-927e791a-6efc8cbb-9e16bd27-f2fc65cc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc1a416d-51f3f1eb-f180d40e-0cfd0190-9e7a9a54", "study_id": 52435125, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral effusions and likely chronic atelectasis.\n \n 2. Resolution of previous pulmonary edema. Findings: The bilateral pleural effusions are again seen right greater than left. Right\n lower lobe opacities are unchanged and may be chronic atelectasis related to\n persistent effusions. The previously seen pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is mild cardiomegaly. Orthopedic hardware is seen in the thoracic spine\n with adjacent surgical clips.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s52435125/cc1a416d-51f3f1eb-f180d40e-0cfd0190-9e7a9a54.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e78cb74-aa445a3d-305c634a-4e443bfd-269aec7e", "study_id": 59202016, "subject_id": 19128767, "report": "impression: Multifocal pneumonia. Recommend followup chest x-ray 4 weeks\n after completion of antibiotic therapy.\n \n Findings entered in radiology communications dashboard on date of study. Findings: Multifocal areas of consolidation are present, mostly in the right\n lower lobe, with a lesser degree of involvement in the right middle lobe and\n posterior segment left lower lobe. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. There are questionable small pleural effusions on the lateral\n view.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19128767/s59202016/2e78cb74-aa445a3d-305c634a-4e443bfd-269aec7e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e4ec3e6-eff5ccaf-92e6f524-90e868e2-3d2c2772", "study_id": 52366630, "subject_id": 10617538, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiac silhouette.\n Slightly unfolded aorta with otherwise unremarkable mediastinal and hilar\n contour. The lungs are well-aerated without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper abdomen is unremarkable\n without evidence for sub- diaphragmatic free air.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10617538/s52366630/5e4ec3e6-eff5ccaf-92e6f524-90e868e2-3d2c2772.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "908b9934-054b6fbb-1a8eddea-5b722b43-2f83d2fb", "study_id": 59932213, "subject_id": 11925631, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11925631/s59932213/908b9934-054b6fbb-1a8eddea-5b722b43-2f83d2fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "658a8ccf-a63adc9e-66351e99-f15af5f2-8e2e00b1", "study_id": 54647674, "subject_id": 10377744, "report": "impression: Right basilar opacity is probably atelectasis, but could\n represent early or developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. New subtle\n opacity at the right lung base in the setting of similar lung volumes with\n increased opacity on the lateral view may be atelectasis, but could represent\n early or developing pneumonia in the appropriate clinical setting. Cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. No acute osseous abnormality is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10377744/s54647674/658a8ccf-a63adc9e-66351e99-f15af5f2-8e2e00b1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5908d07a-1a8c8602-444efbb2-1fdd7481-5810665b", "study_id": 51533854, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s51533854/5908d07a-1a8c8602-444efbb2-1fdd7481-5810665b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01f860b4-313df5f2-ef6df995-a3bff91e-0e53eadd", "study_id": 51022437, "subject_id": 10575262, "report": "impression: Findings likely reflective of mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: The heart size is mildly enlarged, slightly increased compared to the prior\n exam. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion with trace amount of fluid tracking within the\n fissures. No large pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. There is\n no pneumothorax. No acute osseous abnormalities identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10575262/s51022437/01f860b4-313df5f2-ef6df995-a3bff91e-0e53eadd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da330caa-eaa7ebe9-4d1535ac-17f87653-e729c518", "study_id": 51571135, "subject_id": 19366448, "report": "impression: Interval worsening of vascular congestion. There is mild pulmonary edema. Findings: There is interval worsening of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild\n pulmonary edema. The heart and mediastinal structures are unchanged. An\n endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and left internal jugular catheter remain\n in place. There are no concerning bone findings.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19366448/s51571135/da330caa-eaa7ebe9-4d1535ac-17f87653-e729c518.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f212b3f4-b1b8e805-038e1a42-b7593ac7-f038a750", "study_id": 50835299, "subject_id": 16643695, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16643695/s50835299/f212b3f4-b1b8e805-038e1a42-b7593ac7-f038a750.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e8f8159-d51ace31-6b6c0592-fb393f9a-65ead50d", "study_id": 51127147, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the right PICC line has been\n removed. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with the pulmonary\n vascularity essentially within normal limits. Small bilateral effusions with\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. No definite focal pneumonia. \n \n Surgical clips and spinal fusion device are seen in the mid dorsal region.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s51127147/8e8f8159-d51ace31-6b6c0592-fb393f9a-65ead50d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f911953-51eaaa8a-320221e3-a2cf095f-044ba357", "study_id": 54260087, "subject_id": 12186603, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12186603/s54260087/5f911953-51eaaa8a-320221e3-a2cf095f-044ba357.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d510b0bf-95986115-d0440448-4733c4af-00c420aa", "study_id": 56885460, "subject_id": 13376876, "report": "impression: New right PICC ends in the mid SVC with no evidence of\n complication, particularly no pneumothorax. Findings: A right PICC line ends in the mid SVC. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar\n contours.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13376876/s56885460/d510b0bf-95986115-d0440448-4733c4af-00c420aa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "547c1419-90bc4319-c6808ba5-6fe0463d-a8f1e508", "study_id": 56451780, "subject_id": 17847770, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. Hilar contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17847770/s56451780/547c1419-90bc4319-c6808ba5-6fe0463d-a8f1e508.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e8bd436-88bbe20f-d1f35238-90fccec2-66ed9ed3", "study_id": 50482534, "subject_id": 14293935, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP portable views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Calcification of the\n aorta is likely present. There is no widening of the mediastinum. \n Degenerative changes are seen at the acromioclavicular joints.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14293935/s50482534/1e8bd436-88bbe20f-d1f35238-90fccec2-66ed9ed3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7bf046f9-18898711-4375498f-1c2a8724-dda1c2ff", "study_id": 58364828, "subject_id": 14793590, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14793590/s58364828/7bf046f9-18898711-4375498f-1c2a8724-dda1c2ff.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a", "study_id": 55639373, "subject_id": 13565877, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Vague opacities projecting over the mid upper lungs laterally are compatible\n with calcified pleural plaques seen on prior CT. No obvious underlying\n consolidation. There is no effusion or edema. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13565877/s55639373/9b3419be-60a3b97f-c7a2b63b-cf861b15-82355a9a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "574a4800-1bd863fc-41b229b6-7e737994-5232ce8a", "study_id": 53153262, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: Persistent small left-sided pleural effusion with adjacent\n atelectasis, and slight interval increase in size in the small right pleural\n effusion. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates persistent small\n left-sided pleural effusion, which is not significantly changed. A small\n right-sided pleural effusion is also seen, and is slightly increased in size\n over the interval. Again seen are multiple bilateral nodules in the lungs\n consistent with metastatic disease. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unchanged. Two chest tubes project over the left hemithorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s53153262/574a4800-1bd863fc-41b229b6-7e737994-5232ce8a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc423670-4243d370-0917d0d7-e7ccb499-f9e256e6", "study_id": 50043121, "subject_id": 11287042, "report": "impression: 1. Interval resolution of the right subpulmonic pleural effusion.\n \n 2. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval resolution of the right subpulmonic effusion. Mild elevation of the\n left hemidiaphragm, most likely secondary to bowel distention and\n interposition of bowel between the spleen and left hemidiaphragm. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Stable\n appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No sub-diaphragmatic\n intra-abdominal free air.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11287042/s50043121/dc423670-4243d370-0917d0d7-e7ccb499-f9e256e6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0a6f265-a3ad624e-1a24c5ee-d4931cd9-612caad9", "study_id": 55299733, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is present with left ventricular configuration of the heart.\n Aorta is tortuous, and pulmonary vascularity is normal. Focal linear scar in\n the lingula is present as well as localized appear pleural and parenchymal\n scarring at the right base, with latter unchanged since the prior study. \n There is no pleural effusion", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s55299733/e0a6f265-a3ad624e-1a24c5ee-d4931cd9-612caad9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4bfa0065-4e743c19-876b8f5d-7295f3b5-a37cc274", "study_id": 56329890, "subject_id": 10337896, "report": "impression: 1. Enteric tube with side port projecting above the GE junction. ___ require\n advancement. Otherwise stable support structures.\n 2. Unchanged lung parenchyma and stable small bilateral layering pleural\n effusions. Findings: ET tube is seen in stable position 3.7 cm above the carina. Right IJ central\n venous catheter is in stable position projecting over the mid to lower SVC.\n Enteric tube is again seen coursing inferiorly with distal tip projecting\n approximately over the stomach, however side port is most likely above the GE\n junction, in comparison to prior radiograph.\n \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged in appearance. The bilateral\n hila are not well seen.\n \n There is unchanged appearance of the bilateral lung parenchyma, with pulmonary\n vascular congestion and moderate pulmonary edema. There are unchanged small\n bilateral layering pleural effusions. There are stable multiple bilateral\n calcified lymph nodes, pleural and parenchymal calcifications.\n \n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10337896/s56329890/4bfa0065-4e743c19-876b8f5d-7295f3b5-a37cc274.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "547bf6d9-5959e8be-65d31255-e8e031b4-5a9af9e0", "study_id": 50794292, "subject_id": 11925631, "report": "impression: No acute findings in the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11925631/s50794292/547bf6d9-5959e8be-65d31255-e8e031b4-5a9af9e0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b67cd139-11d3def4-dd27dd95-352e5abf-1593d5ae", "study_id": 51903210, "subject_id": 18465343, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle on the\n lateral view suggests chronic pleural thickening rather than small effusion. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18465343/s51903210/b67cd139-11d3def4-dd27dd95-352e5abf-1593d5ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83e5f26d-15cf2429-72ba60ba-801c754d-2a8d1fbc", "study_id": 50510466, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the post-surgical left lung\n is unchanged. In the right lung, there is an increase in interstitial\n markings, notably at the lung bases and in the right lower lung. In addition,\n there is blunting of the right costophrenic sinus, suggesting the presence of\n a small right pleural effusion. The size of the cardiac silhouette is\n unchanged.\n \n The findings in the right lung might represent a combination of pulmonary\n edema and pneumonia. At the time of observation and dictation, 1:14 p.m., on\n ___, the referring physician, ___. ___, was paged for\n notification and the findings were subsequently discussed over the telephone.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s50510466/83e5f26d-15cf2429-72ba60ba-801c754d-2a8d1fbc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c46e168d-041b2bfd-39d02b61-186fb589-eb881241", "study_id": 57081361, "subject_id": 15780880, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature\n is not engorged. Curvilinear opacity in the right apex appears unchanged\n compared to the prior exams, compatible with an area of scarring as seen on\n the prior CT. No new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n present. Multilevel degenerative changes are demonstrated in the thoracic\n spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15780880/s57081361/c46e168d-041b2bfd-39d02b61-186fb589-eb881241.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "193b6fbc-20817b64-62a0329b-67b74188-7e664d39", "study_id": 57718488, "subject_id": 14028959, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n \n 2. No displaced rib fractures seen; if continued concern for rib fracture,\n consider a dedicated rib series. Findings: The lungs are clear without evidence of focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. There is no\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. A focal calcification appears to\n be within the right breast, unchanged. Surgical clips are noted projecting\n over the right upper quadrant. No displaced rib fractures are seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14028959/s57718488/193b6fbc-20817b64-62a0329b-67b74188-7e664d39.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a46f86f-aa12bf29-81681d7d-afb9c9d8-23629fe0", "study_id": 58783883, "subject_id": 19769430, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion and a basilar atelectasis. Findings: Compared with prior radiographs on ___, the right hemidiaphragm is\n not sharply seen. There is a small right pleural effusion and atelectasis at\n the right lung base. There is no new focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no edema or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette\n is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19769430/s58783883/2a46f86f-aa12bf29-81681d7d-afb9c9d8-23629fe0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9e77f68-e4b4671a-18f9eacb-bae8e615-f4e42a2a", "study_id": 57601753, "subject_id": 14385080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: The lungs are mildly hyperinflated. A dual lead pacemaker is unchanged in\n position. The cardiomediastinal contour is within normal limits. The heart\n size is at the upper limits for normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion seen. Mild atherosclerotic calcification in the thoracic\n aorta.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14385080/s57601753/f9e77f68-e4b4671a-18f9eacb-bae8e615-f4e42a2a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "041edb3b-ccbe6942-fc19c0f4-cbed6880-a76a50e5", "study_id": 53441107, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs remain hyperinflated consistent with patient's history of\n underlying emphysema. Areas of calcified pleural plaques previously\n demonstrated on CT account for the focal calcific densities overlying\n bilateral lungs. There are no focal consolidations, effusions, or\n pneumothoraces. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute\n fractures are identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53441107/041edb3b-ccbe6942-fc19c0f4-cbed6880-a76a50e5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ad2e9f0-2e4ae7f2-0d6cbcb3-ae978122-0abd2385", "study_id": 52317337, "subject_id": 15195289, "report": "impression: Stable radiographic appearance of the chest with no acute\n cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormalities. Findings: Heart size is normal and without change. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are also normal. Lungs and pleural surfaces are clear. No acute\n skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195289/s52317337/5ad2e9f0-2e4ae7f2-0d6cbcb3-ae978122-0abd2385.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22df5947-d4f32355-60f7b9aa-d140ddb0-028af26a", "study_id": 57765466, "subject_id": 13312840, "report": "impression: Mild platelike atelectasis in the right lung. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are normally expanded with exception of mild platelike atelectasis\n in the right mid lung. There is no focal airspace opacity worrisome for\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of the\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13312840/s57765466/22df5947-d4f32355-60f7b9aa-d140ddb0-028af26a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "424512f8-2a1c31d2-9ba3a1a4-63c2f669-1232ca66", "study_id": 52804736, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No displaced fracture is seen. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n is bibasilar atelectasis without definite focal consolidation. Right\n paratracheal opacity likely relates to prominent vascular structures and has\n been stable as compared to ___. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes\n are stable also compared to ___. No overt pulmonary edema is seen. No\n definite fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s52804736/424512f8-2a1c31d2-9ba3a1a4-63c2f669-1232ca66.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c28d6f89-4ca74a2d-2dac60f1-572eb1e1-651e43a4", "study_id": 53288720, "subject_id": 11668016, "report": "impression: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. Findings: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Mild degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No displaced fracture is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11668016/s53288720/c28d6f89-4ca74a2d-2dac60f1-572eb1e1-651e43a4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "889de77f-1402d0bf-fd2d2420-a6980f4b-09ae6ed7", "study_id": 52122560, "subject_id": 17945610, "report": "impression: Improving, now mild, pulmonary edema with persistent right upper lobe opacity\n which could represent concurrent pneumonia. Findings: The ETT is in standard position. The right pigtail catheter also appears\n intact and unchanged in position projecting over the right aspect of the\n mediastinum in the lower hemithorax. The enteric tube crosses the midline and\n the is tip is not seen. The stomach is nondistended.\n \n Bilateral pulmonary edema has markedly improved since ___ and minimally\n improved since ___, now mild in severity. Persistent focal right upper\n lobe opacity could represent concurrent pneumonia. Hazy opacification\n blunting of the left costophrenic angle is overall similar and suggest\n persistent small left pleural effusion. No definite right pleural effusion. \n Mild to moderate cardiomegaly persists and is unchanged. The mediastinum is\n not widened. No pneumothorax. Aortic knob calcifications are re-\n demonstrated. Dextroconvex scoliosis of the thoracic spine is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17945610/s52122560/889de77f-1402d0bf-fd2d2420-a6980f4b-09ae6ed7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d82e22a0-b3ce3eec-22bf56ae-9a1fca51-556da100", "study_id": 55392606, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "Left chest tube is again seen. There is moderate left effusion is slightly\n larger than on the study from the prior day. There is pulmonary vascular\n redistribution and mild cardiomegaly compatible with fluid overload.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s55392606/d82e22a0-b3ce3eec-22bf56ae-9a1fca51-556da100.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ae4351b-7e72e14c-eb8194a8-855b4a50-9f496411", "study_id": 53103953, "subject_id": 17063660, "report": "PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or radiopaque foreign body. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17063660/s53103953/7ae4351b-7e72e14c-eb8194a8-855b4a50-9f496411.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8fdce4f7-e8a2f25a-1a1a6f63-0ed1ae0f-60b43684", "study_id": 50363621, "subject_id": 17934731, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Marked rotary levoscoliosis slightly limits assessment. The cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are unchanged, with the heart size within normal limits. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Mild bronchial wall thickening is noted in the right\n lung base, compatible with bronchiectasis as seen on the prior chest CT.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17934731/s50363621/8fdce4f7-e8a2f25a-1a1a6f63-0ed1ae0f-60b43684.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc37af08-8279822c-2a010ca6-ddf93db7-69abdb4e", "study_id": 55965016, "subject_id": 16465340, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Cervical fixation\n hardware is again noted in the lower cervical spine. The lungs are clear\n bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart\n and mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16465340/s55965016/dc37af08-8279822c-2a010ca6-ddf93db7-69abdb4e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0d2bd0c-8bc50aa2-a9ab3ca1-cf9c9404-543a10b7", "study_id": 54076811, "subject_id": 11001469, "report": "impression: No evidence of free air. Findings: The lungs show minimal bilateral\n dependent atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and hilar contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No evidence of free air.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11001469/s54076811/d0d2bd0c-8bc50aa2-a9ab3ca1-cf9c9404-543a10b7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0031401d-0506c0cc-964f493e-c7e40618-2047871e", "study_id": 55900756, "subject_id": 12424405, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12424405/s55900756/0031401d-0506c0cc-964f493e-c7e40618-2047871e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58ac68b5-24c8cb7d-62f38524-4c03808a-0329f3c6", "study_id": 53778461, "subject_id": 10337896, "report": "impression: Small bilateral pleural effusions with passive atelectasis. Developing\n bibasilar consolidations are difficult to exclude.\n \n Redemonstrated densities within the lung parenchyma and neck, possibly\n secondary to prior granulomatous disease. Findings: Multiple calcified pulmonary nodules and calcified lymph nodes within the\n neck. Severe degenerative changes of the glenohumeral joints. Bilateral\n pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis. Developing bibasilar\n consolidation is difficult to exclude. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10337896/s53778461/58ac68b5-24c8cb7d-62f38524-4c03808a-0329f3c6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "448e62e9-12a35130-5cc19fc9-f7d8b729-5751bf9c", "study_id": 50285647, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are relatively\n low lung volumes. Areas of increased opacification is seen at the bases,\n suggestive of atelectatic change. There is evidence of a right pleural\n effusion. No definite acute focal pneumonia, though this could be well hidden\n on the radiographs are presented.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s50285647/448e62e9-12a35130-5cc19fc9-f7d8b729-5751bf9c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b7960017-16d0bbad-e649c8e5-e9a4bd36-8409151f", "study_id": 51209548, "subject_id": 19587538, "report": "impression: No acute chest abnormality. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate linear opacities\n at the bilateral bases, likely reflecting scar. Lung volumes are slightly\n decreased compared with ___ years prior. There is no significant effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette remains normal in size, the mediastinal\n contours are notable only for tortuosity of the aorta. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19587538/s51209548/b7960017-16d0bbad-e649c8e5-e9a4bd36-8409151f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "372cbd5c-3e859e0a-99848f35-a0ad4c90-72e10f87", "study_id": 53288720, "subject_id": 11668016, "report": "impression: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. Findings: Subtle left base streaky opacity most likely represents\n atelectasis, although in the appropriate clinical setting, an underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. The right lung is clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. \n Mild degenerative changes are seen along the spine. No displaced fracture is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11668016/s53288720/372cbd5c-3e859e0a-99848f35-a0ad4c90-72e10f87.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b09934f-106f393a-5f3d7fda-81d7cd07-48d3b226", "study_id": 53452152, "subject_id": 18552428, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Bullet fragments are re- demonstrated. Findings: Bullet fragments project over the left humeral head. Heart size is normal. \n An opacity in the left lung may represent atelectasis and mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There is no osseous abnormality. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18552428/s53452152/3b09934f-106f393a-5f3d7fda-81d7cd07-48d3b226.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1abe49d1-355250d3-cea6e169-6e098201-104352ba", "study_id": 59048448, "subject_id": 17346035, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Possible mild central adenopathy requires follow\n ___ ___ ___ was paged. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Lobulation of the mediastinal contour of the main pulmonary\n artery and the left hilus could be due to mild adenopathy. Any prior\n radiographs should be obtained to see if this is a new finding. If stability\n cannot be determined, I recommend repeat CXR in 4 weeks.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17346035/s59048448/1abe49d1-355250d3-cea6e169-6e098201-104352ba.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24aaa8b8-bd3cb728-72b4e416-3dca185e-89bad691", "study_id": 52249249, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Nodular opacity overlying the right lower lung and anterior right fifth\n rib. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THIS IS A LUNG NODULE OR THE RIGHT NIPPLE OR\n SCLEROSIS IN THE ANTERIOR RIGHT FIFTH RIB, SHALLOW OBLIQUE VIEWS WITH NIPPLE\n MARKER SHOULD BE OBTAINED. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. A rounded, nodular opacity overlies the right lower\n lung, and cannot be discreetly separated from the ninth posterior rib. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s52249249/24aaa8b8-bd3cb728-72b4e416-3dca185e-89bad691.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3153b513-aa211ff5-db3a738d-8e4d0c11-9afdadd8", "study_id": 55352995, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "There has been interval improvement in aeration in the lower lobes. No focal\n infiltrate is identified. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s55352995/3153b513-aa211ff5-db3a738d-8e4d0c11-9afdadd8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b399bd52-4c8c5e61-6bb23031-5843f7ed-c1134475", "study_id": 59599710, "subject_id": 16034181, "report": "impression: Slight interval increase in consolidation overlying the right lower lobe\n concerning for pneumonia. Findings: There appears to be slight interval increase in opacification\n overlying the right lower lobe. There is stable mild-to-moderate cardiomegaly\n with mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. There is no evidence of pulmonary\n edema. There are small bilateral pleural effusions. There is a stable hiatal\n hernia. There is no evidence of pneumothorax. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16034181/s59599710/b399bd52-4c8c5e61-6bb23031-5843f7ed-c1134475.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3262a2af-cbec2cad-9cd5cba9-7d8623c0-9655977e", "study_id": 56780883, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Pulmonary vascular congestion, a little more congested than his\n best recent chest radiograph on ___. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is seen. \n Mild pulmonary vascular redistribution persists. Interstitial prominence is\n likely chronic. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56780883/3262a2af-cbec2cad-9cd5cba9-7d8623c0-9655977e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af474c68-0fb2d552-26f4cb34-74f1c5d1-8ade5ca4", "study_id": 53494114, "subject_id": 18926499, "report": "impression: Known small left pneumothorax seen on CT is not appreciated on the radiograph.\n Left lower lobe contusions are also better seen on CT. Findings: Left lower lung opacity is re- demonstrated. Known small hemothorax blunts the\n left costophrenic sulcus. Heart size is normal. Known small left pneumothorax\n is not well seen. Non-displaced rib fractures are better seen on concurrent CT\n of the chest.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18926499/s53494114/af474c68-0fb2d552-26f4cb34-74f1c5d1-8ade5ca4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3b855f21-6bd34ead-a839a055-cfb4b29a-2a914e01", "study_id": 55623177, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: No significant change in bibasilar opacities and pulmonary\n vascular congestion compared to study done yesterday. Findings: One portable AP view of the chest. Patient is post left left upper\n lobe resection with thoracoplasty. Top normal heart size is stable. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are stable. Bibasilar opacities are unchanged.\n Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is also unchanged. Severe emphysematous\n changes are again seen. Biapical scarring is unchanged. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s55623177/3b855f21-6bd34ead-a839a055-cfb4b29a-2a914e01.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "396e5b3c-00057105-b7061e7b-156f2268-0e379e3b", "study_id": 58826153, "subject_id": 18166102, "report": "impression: 1. Endotracheal tube tip is approximately 2 cm above the carina.\n 2. Side port of the NG tube is near the GE junction. Advancement by\n approximately 5 cm may be considered.\n 3. Mild interstitial edema. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion. There is mild peribronchial thickening. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen. Endotracheal tube tip is\n approximately 2 cm above the carina. Side port of the NG tube is near the GE\n junction.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18166102/s58826153/396e5b3c-00057105-b7061e7b-156f2268-0e379e3b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2d4b82f-bbc3f47a-ffa13252-797ba37a-e52591b3", "study_id": 57800025, "subject_id": 16143638, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. Heart size is normal and mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Osseous\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16143638/s57800025/f2d4b82f-bbc3f47a-ffa13252-797ba37a-e52591b3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a03600e3-6f4ea6f0-c413be5b-1dade32a-4447a53f", "study_id": 54018390, "subject_id": 19845866, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No pneumothorax seen. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19845866/s54018390/a03600e3-6f4ea6f0-c413be5b-1dade32a-4447a53f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "837f34fb-f3caa2c0-91f85420-2a52db56-db213e08", "study_id": 57114319, "subject_id": 19598137, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent presumed free left subdiaphragmatic air due to recent G-tube\n placement, as discussed with the clinician yesterday. On this semi-erect\n view, it is difficult to evaluate for interval change.\n \n 2. Persistent mild pulmonary edema. Findings: Re- demonstration of a small amount of presumed free subdiaphragmatic air\n below left hemidiaphragm, described previously as the likely a consequence of\n recent percutaneous G-tube placement. On this semi-erect view, it is\n difficult to evaluate for interval change.\n \n Persistent mild pulmonary edema, without new focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax. Small bilateral effusions are unchanged. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is also unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19598137/s57114319/837f34fb-f3caa2c0-91f85420-2a52db56-db213e08.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66d13817-333439e1-2134a531-fed0a9cb-579956fd", "study_id": 51903210, "subject_id": 18465343, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle on the\n lateral view suggests chronic pleural thickening rather than small effusion. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18465343/s51903210/66d13817-333439e1-2134a531-fed0a9cb-579956fd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2f393208-b24e24e6-cd07566f-5c9ddf8a-e8e6862d", "study_id": 59139933, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "The frontal view is suboptimal. Low lung volumes\n result in bronchovascular crowding. Pulmonary edema has resolved compared to\n the prior study, with decreased but small residual pleural effusions. There\n is mild bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s59139933/2f393208-b24e24e6-cd07566f-5c9ddf8a-e8e6862d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "256d4a58-b4233463-d61ffb45-16099de5-b37ef7e6", "study_id": 51589952, "subject_id": 17257394, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is top normal, slightly increased since the prior\n study, likely due slightly lower lung volumes and patient rotation. The lungs\n are clear aside from a small amount of left basilar atelectasis. Apparent\n right lower lobe nodular opacities are most likely due to vessels on end. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax; minimal left posterior pleural scarring is\n chronic. Hilar contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257394/s51589952/256d4a58-b4233463-d61ffb45-16099de5-b37ef7e6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dd14141-717a2a23-ca41af2c-d7723505-840e9c37", "study_id": 55956507, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial pulmonary edema. Persistently prominent hila\n may be due to pulmonary are partial hypertension. . Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are\n stable. There is persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle. There\n is mild increased interstitial markings bilaterally suggesting interstitial\n edema. Left mid lung atelectasis is linear. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s55956507/4dd14141-717a2a23-ca41af2c-d7723505-840e9c37.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f3224d0-b72c37a0-b9d8b5e4-ec922787-44f841ac", "study_id": 53950117, "subject_id": 10072167, "report": "impression: No evidence of metastatic disease in the thorax, within the limitations of\n chsst radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous. Decrease in lung volume. However,\n the Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10072167/s53950117/0f3224d0-b72c37a0-b9d8b5e4-ec922787-44f841ac.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db537b22-dc6a616a-9ffefaf4-ff2d4311-dd035ac7", "study_id": 57601753, "subject_id": 14385080, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process seen. Findings: The lungs are mildly hyperinflated. A dual lead pacemaker is unchanged in\n position. The cardiomediastinal contour is within normal limits. The heart\n size is at the upper limits for normal. No consolidation, pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion seen. Mild atherosclerotic calcification in the thoracic\n aorta.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14385080/s57601753/db537b22-dc6a616a-9ffefaf4-ff2d4311-dd035ac7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0e252b44-7eeee514-f7db5565-5c69c644-9808eb6c", "study_id": 50248902, "subject_id": 11469724, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, including no evidence of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n There is no consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11469724/s50248902/0e252b44-7eeee514-f7db5565-5c69c644-9808eb6c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53aeee8a-c2f7a428-34ede058-f7d0aa79-183fc763", "study_id": 51154172, "subject_id": 17945610, "report": "impression: 1. Improved edema with persistent right upper lobe opacity concerning for\n concurrent pneumonia.\n 2. Resolved right pleural effusion. Findings: ETT tip is in standard position. An enteric tube traverses the diaphragm with\n its tip not seen. The stomach is non-distended. Left jugular line is\n appropriately positioned. Dual lead cardiac device is overall unchanged in\n position with 1 tip ending in the right atrium and the other in the right\n ventricle. Right-sided pigtail catheter projects over the right hemithorax\n and right mediastinum and appears intact.\n \n Right upper lobe opacity persists, but lower lung opacities are significantly\n improved. The right pleural effusion appears resolved. Hazy opacification of\n the left costophrenic angle and the left lung base suggests persistent\n layering small pleural effusion. No change in retrocardiac opacity which may\n represent atelectasis, although focal consolidation cannot be excluded in\n appropriate clinical setting. No pneumothorax. Stable appearance of the\n cardial mediastinal silhouette without cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17945610/s51154172/53aeee8a-c2f7a428-34ede058-f7d0aa79-183fc763.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af380c20-a7857620-9cbd8440-6b0b451b-3af932a9", "study_id": 57151471, "subject_id": 18827738, "report": "The Dobbhoff tube tip is coiled in the hiatal hernia with the tip pointed\n upward the appearance of the lungs are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18827738/s57151471/af380c20-a7857620-9cbd8440-6b0b451b-3af932a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb334e09-b35ab571-8ea7a01d-31039cbc-1cab2b95", "study_id": 58410337, "subject_id": 15791567, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15791567/s58410337/cb334e09-b35ab571-8ea7a01d-31039cbc-1cab2b95.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f762bf98-b2141d3c-a5c0a0b1-4fb662f7-fce29b8d", "study_id": 53572658, "subject_id": 17614057, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17614057/s53572658/f762bf98-b2141d3c-a5c0a0b1-4fb662f7-fce29b8d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c76de023-08a7d41a-65fe1516-f8e01a85-18399055", "study_id": 50281931, "subject_id": 10072167, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Normal lung volumes. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal\n hilar and mediastinal structures. Minimal scarring at the lateral aspects of\n the right lung. No lung nodules or masses suggesting metastatic disease. No\n pleural effusions. No diffuse or focal lung parenchymal disease.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10072167/s50281931/c76de023-08a7d41a-65fe1516-f8e01a85-18399055.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e1f4766-c0852f98-8c4c8db6-57182af8-99ec6bb1", "study_id": 56650370, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Both lungs are clear with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56650370/8e1f4766-c0852f98-8c4c8db6-57182af8-99ec6bb1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91310c64-f689bd9a-53a0bb24-83baba02-d33e0c78", "study_id": 53058995, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs were acquired of the chest. The lungs\n are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral degenerative changes\n of the acromioclavicular joints are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s53058995/91310c64-f689bd9a-53a0bb24-83baba02-d33e0c78.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e7ae597-2cce5608-801fc546-b49044de-8b5fb4c7", "study_id": 51112760, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The bases of the right lung are minimally better ventilated than\n before. The monitoring and support devices are constant, constant size of the\n cardiac silhouette, constant appearance of the left lung.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s51112760/6e7ae597-2cce5608-801fc546-b49044de-8b5fb4c7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30d0c13b-a8dcf71f-618ddb30-3d8864d7-491b08e1", "study_id": 57478580, "subject_id": 17622916, "report": "impression: Crowding of vasculature at the bases due to low lung volumes makes it\n difficult to differentiate between microatelectasis and mild interstitial\n abnormality. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. The lung volumes are low causing crowding of the\n pulmonary vasculature at the bases. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours\n are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17622916/s57478580/30d0c13b-a8dcf71f-618ddb30-3d8864d7-491b08e1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "576ea30f-0b6d676e-4fb00e65-c319c423-7445e215", "study_id": 54253905, "subject_id": 12671922, "report": "impression: No new opacity concerning for pneumonia. Interval improvement in lung volumes\n and decrease in size of a now small left pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph of ___ the lung volumes have improve. The\n left pleural effusion has decreased and is now small. Linear opacities in the\n left lung base represents platelike atelectasis. There is no new opacity or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. Nipple rings\n are noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12671922/s54253905/576ea30f-0b6d676e-4fb00e65-c319c423-7445e215.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "695acea4-7d4be71d-9243cd6c-c90f68cc-cf5d3a75", "study_id": 50484024, "subject_id": 16768418, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP view of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16768418/s50484024/695acea4-7d4be71d-9243cd6c-c90f68cc-cf5d3a75.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49af2ff8-ff268b7f-50035a5b-237ad933-2159c08d", "study_id": 59889763, "subject_id": 16686190, "report": "impression: Top-normal to mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema. No\n focal consolidation. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is top-normal to mildly enlarged.\n Mediastinal contours are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16686190/s59889763/49af2ff8-ff268b7f-50035a5b-237ad933-2159c08d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "052836b8-b02d3f46-3faf7e36-07ce1ba1-1052a8a6", "study_id": 50146664, "subject_id": 16034181, "report": "Cardiac silhouette has increased in size and is accompanied by\n widening of vascular pedicle, pulmonary vascular congestion, and moderate\n pulmonary edema. Additionally, there small pleural effusions are present\n bilaterally, left greater than right.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16034181/s50146664/052836b8-b02d3f46-3faf7e36-07ce1ba1-1052a8a6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea1611e9-02ce0511-45a33de4-95ec5416-44848b18", "study_id": 54260087, "subject_id": 12186603, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12186603/s54260087/ea1611e9-02ce0511-45a33de4-95ec5416-44848b18.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "416015bf-a5b87cdb-e0e532be-9c61feb1-ef52aed5", "study_id": 55361629, "subject_id": 18795271, "report": "impression: 1. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm which is increased as compared to the\n prior study with overlying basilar atelectasis.\n 2. Enteric tube terminates in the region of the gastroesophageal junction,\n recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. There\n is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with overlying right base\n atelectasis. An enteric tube is seen, distal aspect terminating in the region\n of the gastroesophageal junction. Recommend advancement by several\n centimeters so that it is well within the stomach. There is no large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The aortic knob is calcified. The cardiac\n silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18795271/s55361629/416015bf-a5b87cdb-e0e532be-9c61feb1-ef52aed5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4bb0a233-9c375594-652f647f-64f5080f-30112b80", "study_id": 58561597, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute infection. Findings: The left hilum remains prominent and is due to the patient's known\n tumor, and appears stable. Otherwise, the lungs are clear with no evidence of\n a consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n at the upper limits of normal and stable. No acute fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s58561597/4bb0a233-9c375594-652f647f-64f5080f-30112b80.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "222de94a-617f5cad-684d59ce-8ddd536c-aa8aa84a", "study_id": 57623556, "subject_id": 13312840, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, likely represent atelectasis ; pneumonitis cannot be\n excluded radiographically. Findings: Shallow inspiration. Bibasilar opacities, likely atelectasis. Tiny right\n pleural effusion. No pneumothorax. Borderline heart size, pulmonary\n vascularity, accentuated by shallow inspiration.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13312840/s57623556/222de94a-617f5cad-684d59ce-8ddd536c-aa8aa84a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a", "study_id": 50698639, "subject_id": 14255450, "report": "impression: 1. Slight worsening of bibasilar atelectasis.\n 2. COPD. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The lungs remain mildly hyperexpanded reflecting COPD. Mild bibasilar\n atelectasis has progressed. The heart is not enlarged. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14255450/s50698639/136985d4-3b58fc18-a45d8bbf-7d56b225-fffb9e9a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "262aec66-02c3d815-9e02b897-1f697799-42735ce8", "study_id": 53605255, "subject_id": 17933711, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and hilar congestion. No frank edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest. Cardiomegaly is again seen. The\n mediastinal contour is unchanged from prior. The hila appear congested though\n there is no frank edema. No large effusion or pneumothorax. No convincing\n evidence for pneumonia. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17933711/s53605255/262aec66-02c3d815-9e02b897-1f697799-42735ce8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f64e7f86-3a69ce7c-1bca8f45-3fb972a4-a7f54583", "study_id": 53383243, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar\n distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are\n nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the\n heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated\n predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted\n on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s53383243/f64e7f86-3a69ce7c-1bca8f45-3fb972a4-a7f54583.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "809c72b2-39df536d-93ec5dbf-ac5f8f71-95414ea7", "study_id": 52924184, "subject_id": 14319319, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the patient has taken a better\n inspiration. There again is some increase in opacification in the perihilar\n and infrahilar region on the left. This again could reflect an area of\n consolidation.\n \n The area of subtle opacity in the right lower lung is again seen, which also\n could reflect an infectious focus.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14319319/s52924184/809c72b2-39df536d-93ec5dbf-ac5f8f71-95414ea7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88ccf610-b3c4e8b9-dc228355-6410ee87-1191a63b", "study_id": 58673717, "subject_id": 12663605, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12663605/s58673717/88ccf610-b3c4e8b9-dc228355-6410ee87-1191a63b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c06025b9-935d32ff-0efabf34-2f711ce7-e4fc7000", "study_id": 59631748, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: Mild central vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest dual pacing device,\n its leads which appear intact and stable in position. Heart size is mildly\n enlarged. There is central vascular engorgement without overt evidence of\n pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle is likely\n atelectatic in etiology. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is no evidence to suggest pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s59631748/c06025b9-935d32ff-0efabf34-2f711ce7-e4fc7000.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95f0da87-3b457cea-f92cc7c9-1cbeefcb-2b599786", "study_id": 57011081, "subject_id": 14962059, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with top-normal heart size again noted. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No definite acute osseous injury. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14962059/s57011081/95f0da87-3b457cea-f92cc7c9-1cbeefcb-2b599786.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69bc2b07-10cc7789-3cc5f3af-4c3c6ba3-992abb1d", "study_id": 57922122, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: 1. New left-sided pectoral pacemaker is in adequate position. There is no\n pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Pulmonary edema is mild and stable. Findings: New left pectoral pacemaker has three leads in adequate position. There is no\n pneumothorax. Small bilateral pleural effusions are unchanged. Minimal lung\n haziness and cephalization of pulmonary vessel are consistent with stable mild\n pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s57922122/69bc2b07-10cc7789-3cc5f3af-4c3c6ba3-992abb1d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44fbc6d0-0c39e6ef-e9181984-728748c3-7d42ff10", "study_id": 57803827, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild central vascular congestion. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions. Findings: There has been interval placement of a left axillary stent. Lung volumes are\n low, and the cardiac silhouette is enlarged. There is mild central vascular\n congestion, and small pleural effusions are noted. No focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s57803827/44fbc6d0-0c39e6ef-e9181984-728748c3-7d42ff10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2475d419-36bd3605-ce47decf-c2d3ebce-4f860c29", "study_id": 52552455, "subject_id": 15718331, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged but not significantly changed since\n earlier examinations. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear\n similar. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar along the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15718331/s52552455/2475d419-36bd3605-ce47decf-c2d3ebce-4f860c29.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a7b4797-26061ea5-69f731ec-a45b9e8e-b4a66113", "study_id": 57437729, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "impression: ET and enteric tubes as above. Cardiomegaly with bilateral parenchymal\n opacities potentially infection or edema. Findings: ET tube is seen with tip approximately 1.8 cm from the carina. Enteric tube\n seen passing below the inferior field of view. Lower lung volumes are noted\n on the current exam with bilateral parenchymal opacities which could be due to\n edema or infection. Prominence of the right hilum is again noted. Moderate\n cardiomegaly and appears to have progressed since prior could potentially be\n in part due to changes in positioning. No acute osseous abnormalities. \n Surgical clips project over the left chest wall/axilla.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s57437729/0a7b4797-26061ea5-69f731ec-a45b9e8e-b4a66113.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "537d5240-7ea880c9-7e16b990-f04ef406-c7fe5066", "study_id": 50281931, "subject_id": 10072167, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Normal lung volumes. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal\n hilar and mediastinal structures. Minimal scarring at the lateral aspects of\n the right lung. No lung nodules or masses suggesting metastatic disease. No\n pleural effusions. No diffuse or focal lung parenchymal disease.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10072167/s50281931/537d5240-7ea880c9-7e16b990-f04ef406-c7fe5066.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "57dd280e-66b834fd-411e60fb-2264a0f9-7a3c7b24", "study_id": 53979892, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, pre-existing right\n pneumothorax appears to have completely resolved. No pneumothorax is seen on\n today's image. Unchanged course and position of the right Port-A-Cath,\n decreasing extent of the pre-existing right lateral soft tissue air\n collection.\n \n The cardiac silhouette and the left lung are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s53979892/57dd280e-66b834fd-411e60fb-2264a0f9-7a3c7b24.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b1eec92-74e6469a-5e6bd20f-889cc052-152a9dbd", "study_id": 52255420, "subject_id": 19837705, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax Findings: Severe cardiomegaly is stable. Pacer leads are in standard position in the\n right atrium, right ventricle and through the coronary sinus. There is no\n pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. Patient is status post aortic\n valve and mitral valve repair", "image_path": [ "p19/p19837705/s52255420/0b1eec92-74e6469a-5e6bd20f-889cc052-152a9dbd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b622c42-59a555ee-9ce86379-95086f68-c4bed039", "study_id": 55522316, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The right lung is clear without consolidation. The previously seen\n equivocal opacity was likely from superimposed normal vessels in the setting\n of low lung volumes. The left hilum remains mildly prominent due to patient's\n known tumor, but is much improved from the previous chest radiograph on\n ___. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of\n the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal and unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s55522316/1b622c42-59a555ee-9ce86379-95086f68-c4bed039.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "127bf93a-197127b6-f778134c-daa7bac1-f104f57e", "study_id": 58171899, "subject_id": 15413165, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n \n ] Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. No prior. The lungs are clear\n of focal consolidation or effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15413165/s58171899/127bf93a-197127b6-f778134c-daa7bac1-f104f57e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c9490237-d2939ebb-637bda9a-e5a0039f-284b489b", "study_id": 59614080, "subject_id": 17933711, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes and mild pulmonary edema. No focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. Possible trace pleural effusions but no large pleural effusion. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes. Mild pulmonary edema is seen. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. There may be trace pleural effusions\n posteriorly, but no large pleural effusion is seen. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. .", "image_path": [ "p17/p17933711/s59614080/c9490237-d2939ebb-637bda9a-e5a0039f-284b489b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab80b235-0f6e4319-62504f7b-e293fad3-0ad33347", "study_id": 50572963, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "Volume loss in both lower lungs has increased compared to the prior day. the\n heart size is mildly enlarged and there is mild pulmonary vascular\n redistribution. An underlying infectious infiltrate cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s50572963/ab80b235-0f6e4319-62504f7b-e293fad3-0ad33347.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5e4621d6-249803ba-afaa008b-2751e009-8daaa308", "study_id": 54082213, "subject_id": 18548611, "report": "Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are well expanded and\n grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18548611/s54082213/5e4621d6-249803ba-afaa008b-2751e009-8daaa308.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92f37995-1d0ade97-7686e702-9ab7dfd5-ea7832d1", "study_id": 51553781, "subject_id": 12388581, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly without definite superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Patient is rotated to the left. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. There is likely at least mild\n cardiomegaly although evaluation is limited due to patient positioning. There\n is no visualized pneumomediastinum. Right humeral head orthopedic hardware is\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12388581/s51553781/92f37995-1d0ade97-7686e702-9ab7dfd5-ea7832d1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "766b651a-bf318a3c-a6e00002-e595f99a-1a97ffae", "study_id": 54952803, "subject_id": 12598684, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is status post\n resection of the eighth right-sided rib. Moreover, the local pleura is\n minimally thickened.\n \n The lung parenchyma shows no evidence of acute changes. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal hilar and\n mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12598684/s54952803/766b651a-bf318a3c-a6e00002-e595f99a-1a97ffae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81352ea3-46dd9764-71a8e980-798f84b0-45f4f3e5", "study_id": 59889283, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: ICD leads over right atrium, right ventricle, and in region of coronary sinus.\n \n Probable atelectasis and small right pleural effusion new or more pronounced\n than on ___. Right lung base pneumothorax is considered much less\n likely. Attention to this area on followup films is requested. Findings: An ICD is in place. 1 lead overlies right atrium AND AN other overlies the\n right ventricle. The third lead courses posteriorly and lies in the expected\n location of the coronary sinus.\n \n There is a small effusion at the right costophrenic angle. There is probable\n atelectasis with a small curvilinear sliver of air in between. This is less\n likely to represent a RIGHT LUNG BASE pneumothorax, as there is no\n corresponding abnormality on the lateral view. Left costophrenic sulcus is\n clear.\n \n No overt CHF or focal infiltrate identified. No apical pneumothorax detected.\n \n Background hyperinflation likely present, similar to prior", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s59889283/81352ea3-46dd9764-71a8e980-798f84b0-45f4f3e5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a54f39f-f199adbd-22bd79bc-f9ef8f44-0ee9682f", "study_id": 53956979, "subject_id": 11181748, "report": "impression: Interval decreased moderate right pleural effusion. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Moderate right pleural effusion has\n decreased in size with better aeration of the right lung. The left lung is\n clear. There is no left pleural effusion. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11181748/s53956979/7a54f39f-f199adbd-22bd79bc-f9ef8f44-0ee9682f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b6ce9a4-dac125b5-896d3f40-992de147-21d01a2b", "study_id": 51222003, "subject_id": 14482820, "report": "impression: No focal consolidation, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. Subtle\n irregularity projecting over the anterior right fourth rib could be\n artifactual versus a subacute fracture. Correlate with site of point\n tenderness. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Subtle deformity\n projecting over the anterior right fourth rib rib may be artifactual however,\n correlate with site of pain for possible nondisplaced subacute rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14482820/s51222003/4b6ce9a4-dac125b5-896d3f40-992de147-21d01a2b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0467c521-bdba9798-87b7c0cf-b1e76b40-5fcd1444", "study_id": 54397816, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged mild pulmonary edema.\n 2. NG tube sidehole in the distal esophagus, could be advanced several\n centimeters to decrease the risk of aspiration. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates no change in\n aeration accounting for differences in positioning. The patient remains\n intubated, with the tip of the endotracheal tube positioned 3.5 cm from the\n level of the carina. An NG tube is in place with its tip projecting over the\n expected position of the stomach, and sidehole projecting over the expected\n position of the distal esophagus. There is mild pulmonary edema. Cardiac and\n mediastinal contours are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s54397816/0467c521-bdba9798-87b7c0cf-b1e76b40-5fcd1444.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81a0dd10-9675bcc3-97f75def-6373f508-ab005bf0", "study_id": 54526699, "subject_id": 13196707, "report": "impression: 1. Right subclavian line has its tip in projected over the cavoatrial\n junction, unchanged from prior.\n 2. Dobbhoff tube has its tip projecting over the stomach.\n 3. Unchanged small-to-moderate bilateral pleural effusions, right greater\n than left, unchanged from prior.\n 3. Interval improvement in diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema.\n 4. Persistent consolidative opacities in both lower lobes, that could\n represent atelectasis, however pneumonia cannot be excluded.\n \n Findings were discussed with ___. Findings: Right subclavian line has its tip in projected over the cavoatrial junction,\n unchanged from prior. Dobbhoff tube has its tip projecting over the stomach. \n There are small-to-moderate bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than\n left, unchanged from prior. There has been interval improvement in the\n diffuse haziness throughout both lungs likely represent improving pulmonary\n edema. There is persistent consolidative opacities in both lower lobes, that\n could represent atelectasis, however pneumonia cannot be excluded. Mildly\n enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13196707/s54526699/81a0dd10-9675bcc3-97f75def-6373f508-ab005bf0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a07cee97-c744e578-dad89348-abe3886b-efe599ee", "study_id": 51337781, "subject_id": 12273883, "report": "impression: Subtle opacity projecting over the lateral right mid lung may be due to\n overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity or even rib fracture\n is not excluded. Findings could be further assessed with shallow oblique\n radiographs or chest CT.\n \n No displaced rib fracture definitively identified. However, if clinical\n concern persists, dedicated rib series or chest CT is more sensitive. Findings: Subtle opacity is seen projecting over the lateral right mid lung which may be\n due to overlap of structures, but underlying pulmonary opacity is not\n excluded. The lungs are relatively hyperinflated, suggesting chronic\n obstructive pulmonary disease. Minimal left base atelectasis is seen. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. No displaced rib fracture is definitively\n identified. However, if clinical concern persists, dedicated rib series or\n chest CT is more sensitive.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12273883/s51337781/a07cee97-c744e578-dad89348-abe3886b-efe599ee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d143c4e0-d50a23bf-396d59b8-12310813-0965c112", "study_id": 57701612, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: New 1.5 cm nodule in the left lower lobe, in a patient with\n history of melanoma is concerning for metastasis. Findings were discussed\n with ___ at 9:40 a.m. by phone. Findings: There is a new 1.5 cm nodule within the left lower lobe, abutting\n the heart border on the AP view. The lungs are otherwise clear. There is no\n effusion, or pneumothorax. There is unchanged hyperexpansion of the lungs. \n The cardiac silhouette is unchanged in size, top normal. A left pectoral\n pacemaker is unchanged in appearance, with a single ventricular lead remaining\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s57701612/d143c4e0-d50a23bf-396d59b8-12310813-0965c112.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fb8c984b-8ddd4a3c-e0373e0c-8ed815d8-d180c599", "study_id": 55433920, "subject_id": 13034473, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13034473/s55433920/fb8c984b-8ddd4a3c-e0373e0c-8ed815d8-d180c599.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4527afd-9522899b-f0226c68-901dccb8-e2d4eff4", "study_id": 53211019, "subject_id": 12326452, "report": "impression: Interval extubation and improved interstitial edema. Findings: Compared to most recent prior exam, mild pulmonary edema has\n improved. Lung volumes are improved with minimal bibasilar atelectasis. No\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax is detected. There has\n been interval extubation. Right internal jugular catheter is in similar\n position with tip projecting at the level of the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12326452/s53211019/e4527afd-9522899b-f0226c68-901dccb8-e2d4eff4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83422dab-e3015272-fbf3df24-eb9e1d65-1da5c1dc", "study_id": 59234160, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: Left hydropneumothorax. Significant interval increase in left\n basilar opacity, likely left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis,\n underlying consolidation not excluded. Left perihilar opacity may relate to\n the above findings. However, underlying lymphadenopathy or additional\n consolidation is not excluded. Air-fluid level seen in the left upper\n hemithorax, which appears longer in the frontal view than on the lateral view\n can be seen in bronchopleural fistula. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Increased\n left basilar opacity has significantly increased likely large left pleural\n effusion with overlying atelectasis. Small left pneumothorax persists. \n Prominence of the left hilum may relate to left-sided pleural fluid; however,\n underlying lymphadenopathy or consolidation is not excluded. Left aspect of\n the cardiac silhouette is not well assessed due to the left basilar\n consolidation; however, the remainder of the cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s59234160/83422dab-e3015272-fbf3df24-eb9e1d65-1da5c1dc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "515940a1-1597d869-4cd954d5-3c00a8fd-91659a8f", "study_id": 51932011, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for acute cardiopulmonary process. \n Sensitivity of routine chest radiography for rib fracture is low. This study\n is not tailored for evaluation of the left shoulder. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary\n edema is seen. Heart and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s51932011/515940a1-1597d869-4cd954d5-3c00a8fd-91659a8f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c34ed3e3-bb96ed94-9a7e3ce0-7e06cff2-ced55bdc", "study_id": 55141338, "subject_id": 16698318, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia and small right pleural effusion.\n \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is an\n ill-defined opacity in the right lower lobe that does not obscure the right\n heart border. A right-sided pleural effusion is small. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is mild. Aortic calcifications are minimal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16698318/s55141338/c34ed3e3-bb96ed94-9a7e3ce0-7e06cff2-ced55bdc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c009226-64474f8f-8f47e3e0-01640769-ae6bc0ae", "study_id": 56089705, "subject_id": 18776448, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18776448/s56089705/1c009226-64474f8f-8f47e3e0-01640769-ae6bc0ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "442f2cb0-2fcd458a-939733cf-ba72f0cc-0fed5672", "study_id": 59588714, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "impression: Mild to moderate pulmonary edema, unchanged since ___. Findings: Right Port-A-Cath ends at upper SVC, left internal jugular line\n terminates at lower SVC, and an endotracheal tube terminates approximately 6.1\n cm above the carina; all are in appropriate position. Feeding tube is seen to\n course below the diaphragm into the stomach; however, its distal end is off\n radiographic view. Mild to moderate bilateral pulmonary edema is unchanged\n since ___, however pulmonary vascular congestion appear little\n more than before. Mild to moderately enlarged heart, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are stable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s59588714/442f2cb0-2fcd458a-939733cf-ba72f0cc-0fed5672.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0df3e21f-5672d561-1479a9a6-bb24d13a-afd4f39e", "study_id": 59956973, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Stable retrocardiac opacification consistent with left lower lobe\n consolidation and small pleural effusion. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n with resultant bronchovascular crowding. Dense retrocardiac opacification\n persists, consistent with left lower lobe consolidation and small pleural\n effusion. Vague haziness projecting over the left upper lobe, in the region of\n recent chest tube, is stable. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Left ventricular assist device is remains in similar position. \n Left-sided PICC line ends at the cavoatrial junction. No pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s59956973/0df3e21f-5672d561-1479a9a6-bb24d13a-afd4f39e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed75f13d-51f62718-7271bf99-9086d33c-c72f7f23", "study_id": 57248462, "subject_id": 19560275, "report": "impression: Bilateral pleural effusions with likely loculated component along the right\n major fissure. Pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomegaly. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. There is cardiomegaly. \n Prominence of the main pulmonary artery raises concern for pulmonary arterial\n hypertension. Fluid is seen along the right major fissure, likely loculated. \n There are small bilateral pleural effusions. Right perihilar opacity may be\n due to vascular congestion and/or atelectasis, although focal consolidation is\n difficult to exclude. No evidence of pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19560275/s57248462/ed75f13d-51f62718-7271bf99-9086d33c-c72f7f23.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb47b3eb-ca29a1f0-571cfe7f-a5f99cf4-7e570c71", "study_id": 53267993, "subject_id": 14930750, "report": "impression: 1. New patchy opacity in the left upper lobe concerning for an area of\n pneumonia.\n 2. Severe emphysema with scarring within the lung apices.\n 3. Right infrahilar opacity is re- demonstrated, and previously characterized\n on chest CTA as an area concerning for possible malignancy. Again bronchoscopy\n of this area is recommended if not done in the interval. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal contour is unchanged with mild\n atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. Hilar contours are\n similar compared to the prior chest CT with an infrahilar opacity re-\n demonstrated. The lungs are hyperinflated with severe emphysematous changes\n again seen. While scarring within the lung apices is again noted, there is a\n new patchy opacity seen within the left upper lobe concerning for an area of\n infection. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute osseous\n abnormality seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14930750/s53267993/bb47b3eb-ca29a1f0-571cfe7f-a5f99cf4-7e570c71.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5a10c55-fe2fbefc-135e4b8e-337a3279-db03af87", "study_id": 58226444, "subject_id": 17230915, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p17/p17230915/s58226444/c5a10c55-fe2fbefc-135e4b8e-337a3279-db03af87.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d4b90254-71776112-73f647e1-bf4f2291-54ff2751", "study_id": 56893815, "subject_id": 11917288, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear unchanged. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs\n appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable. There has been no\n significant change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11917288/s56893815/d4b90254-71776112-73f647e1-bf4f2291-54ff2751.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6e0c0f60-529ac8e0-606e671a-5e7075f0-07fcd489", "study_id": 56038252, "subject_id": 10595724, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and mediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no pneumothorax,\n focal consolidation, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10595724/s56038252/6e0c0f60-529ac8e0-606e671a-5e7075f0-07fcd489.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ed1afd44-efe36fcd-7aebec52-00292c6e-dcf06602", "study_id": 56291001, "subject_id": 15791567, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15791567/s56291001/ed1afd44-efe36fcd-7aebec52-00292c6e-dcf06602.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "114fc6d8-e46d27e6-617b8079-bc857050-e0982eee", "study_id": 53069779, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "impression: Small right greater than left bilateral pleural effusions. Dobbhoff tube ends\n in the very proximal stomach and should be further advanced. Findings: Heart size is top normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. Hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There has been interval development of small\n bilateral right greater than left pleural effusions with mild adjacent\n bibasilar atelectasis. Remainder of the lung fields are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax. A Dobbhoff tube remains in place in the very proximal stomach\n and should be further advanced.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s53069779/114fc6d8-e46d27e6-617b8079-bc857050-e0982eee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "013d509d-3aabeff2-5f8a03ca-0fa9071b-9475198d", "study_id": 59457175, "subject_id": 19468400, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The patient is rotated, limiting assessment. The mediastinum is normal in size\n and contour. The cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The hila are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax lungs are expanded and clear without\n focal consolidation. Gaseous distention of multiple bowel loops is noted in\n the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19468400/s59457175/013d509d-3aabeff2-5f8a03ca-0fa9071b-9475198d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "29e8cd30-6d1c3bf6-20b37ebf-0129c596-941196da", "study_id": 58318194, "subject_id": 18713335, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the size of the cardiac\n silhouette is moderately increased. Given lower lung volumes, there is more\n crowding of the vascular and bronchial structures, notably at the lung bases,\n but no pulmonary edema is present. No pneumonia. No pleural effusions. No\n lung nodules or masses.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18713335/s58318194/29e8cd30-6d1c3bf6-20b37ebf-0129c596-941196da.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8564d276-76a6899e-b7cedb7e-1cfee69f-ddaeb8e9", "study_id": 51037397, "subject_id": 18528269, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Hyperinflation consistent with asthma.\n 3. Slight height loss anteriorly (~___%) of a mid thoracic vertebral body of\n unknown chronicity. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated consistent with the given history of\n asthma. There is no evidence of focal consolidation worrisome for pneumonia. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac size is normal. The hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is slight loss of height anteriorly of a mid\n thoracic vertebral body seen on the lateral views.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18528269/s51037397/8564d276-76a6899e-b7cedb7e-1cfee69f-ddaeb8e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b22978a8-b5b4125a-08c7a341-112606a4-cbd852a9", "study_id": 58466105, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary interstitial edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. A left chest\n wall pacer device is seen with catheter extending into the expected location\n of the right ventricle, unchanged. There is mild central pulmonary vascular\n engorgement which could indicate mild increased pulmonary pressures. The\n heart is stably enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic knob\n noted. Lung volumes are low, though there is no definite sign of pneumonia. \n Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s58466105/b22978a8-b5b4125a-08c7a341-112606a4-cbd852a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "92f6680e-05166498-698d6769-130f7edf-4bbc67d4", "study_id": 51129693, "subject_id": 16851119, "report": "impression: Dialysis catheter not visualized. Metallic fragmentation in the\n left lower lung. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. Metallic\n fragments are seen projecting over the left lower lung, question retained\n foreign body. There is no central venous catheter identified. The lungs\n appear clear of consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Bony structures appear intact.\n \n On the lateral view, there is a metallic stent projecting over the region of\n the axilla, though it is unclear if this is in the left or right.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16851119/s51129693/92f6680e-05166498-698d6769-130f7edf-4bbc67d4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4532f81-d73cf78d-6747f5f7-f662d37a-93adfab2", "study_id": 55682079, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Mild interstitial edema superimposed on a background of severe emphysema. No\n signs of pneumonia or pneumothorax. Findings: Scarring of the lung parenchyma and a left chest wall deformity are stable.\n Hyperinflated lungs with lucency reflect known emphysema. The previously seen\n left retrocardiac opacity has cle resolved ared. No focal opacity. Prominent\n interstitial markings may indicate mild edema. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. The heart size is top normal. The aortic knob is calcified in\n the aorta is ectatic. There is no free air beneath the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s55682079/e4532f81-d73cf78d-6747f5f7-f662d37a-93adfab2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "95cfd9d1-1dc7b97a-63def69d-8bf200f9-46598573", "study_id": 50937713, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s50937713/95cfd9d1-1dc7b97a-63def69d-8bf200f9-46598573.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0c62a8e0-fa47177a-d5a6df96-e1bb986f-bafebb7c", "study_id": 51971463, "subject_id": 14650196, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures appear normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14650196/s51971463/0c62a8e0-fa47177a-d5a6df96-e1bb986f-bafebb7c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "54dc0bb7-ef174450-8314a8e5-b94f3c64-748fd4a3", "study_id": 56957928, "subject_id": 12548159, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. Mild fluid overload. Cardiomegaly, extensive right pleural effusion\n with subsequent right middle and lower lung consolidations, likely to\n represent atelectasis, pneumonia, or a combination of both. Unchanged right\n PICC line. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12548159/s56957928/54dc0bb7-ef174450-8314a8e5-b94f3c64-748fd4a3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8894a073-a8fc7130-d4c16a1a-200a8663-2f3577f8", "study_id": 55708104, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: Left apical curvilinear structure may represent pleural surface,\n but vessels are seen coursing superior to this structure, making pneumothorax\n unlikely. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates well-expanded,\n clear lungs. There is a curvilinear structure in the upper left hemithorax\n which may represent the pleural surface, but vessels are seen extending\n superior to this line, making pneumothorax unlikely. Cardiomediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion. Again seen is\n a nodular opacity in the left upper lung, consistent with area of biopsy\n today.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s55708104/8894a073-a8fc7130-d4c16a1a-200a8663-2f3577f8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06ca01c5-996b76a3-a56826bd-06fecf32-4a6279f9", "study_id": 54038226, "subject_id": 19001598, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No free air under the diaphragms. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided\n dual-chamber pacemaker device is seen with leads terminating in the right\n atrium and right ventricle. The heart is normal in size. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Multiple spiral radiopaque\n densities within the upper anterior abdominal wall are compatible with prior\n ventral hernia repair. No free air is seen under the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19001598/s54038226/06ca01c5-996b76a3-a56826bd-06fecf32-4a6279f9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07623786-8bfec10d-aa286291-61fe86d0-f9371a45", "study_id": 54975015, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "impression: 1. Large left-sided pleural effusion with underlying atelectasis, underlying\n consolidation is not excluded. \n \n 2. Difficult to assess, but possibly enlarging cardiac silhouette; query\n underlying pericardial effusion Findings: PA and lateral views of chest demonstrate an extensive left -sided pleural\n effusion with compressive atelectasis; an underlying pneumonia cannot be\n excluded. A tiny right pleural effusion may also be present. The cardiac\n silhouette also appears enlarged, but it is difficult to completely assess the\n left border given the large pleural effusion. The right lung is clear of\n focal opacities worrisome for pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s54975015/07623786-8bfec10d-aa286291-61fe86d0-f9371a45.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b01ddc40-b80fa234-3533e014-3b0fdf7b-e8c67c6c", "study_id": 51829071, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "Interval placement of right-sided chest tube with apparent\n resolution of right pleural effusion but development of a small pneumothorax. \n Otherwise, no relevant short interval change since recent study performed\n earlier the same date. Please see recently dictated CT torso of ___\n for more complete description of cardiothoracic findings, including a\n pericardial effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s51829071/b01ddc40-b80fa234-3533e014-3b0fdf7b-e8c67c6c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "906e0eaa-60dfa37d-c7be4868-5d9613b9-f49fd253", "study_id": 53609513, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: New mild edema may obscure the previously questioned right\n aspiration/pneumonia. Findings: Left IJ central line stable. Lung volumes are low compared to the prior\n radiograph. The previously identified right peribronchial consolidation has\n increased in density, likely secondary to new edema and vascular congestion.\n Heart size and mediastinal contours are stable. No pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s53609513/906e0eaa-60dfa37d-c7be4868-5d9613b9-f49fd253.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f0f1c98-127de941-be134310-bf433d4a-c79e22aa", "study_id": 50064627, "subject_id": 10401700, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10401700/s50064627/4f0f1c98-127de941-be134310-bf433d4a-c79e22aa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61fee867-8392b680-a5aba632-e3f3b946-900eddd5", "study_id": 52654474, "subject_id": 15693523, "report": "impression: No significant interval change noting left perihilar mass with subsequent left\n lower lobe collapse and opacities in the aerated left upper lobe. Findings: Better delineated on recent CT scan is a left hilar mass compatible with\n patient's known malignancy with complete left lower lobe collapse is again\n seen. Scattered opacity in the aerated left upper lobe are compatible with\n opacity seen on recent CT. The right lung is grossly clear. Mediastinal shift\n to the left is as seen on prior. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device and\n right Port-A-Cath are again seen. Widespread metastatic disease is better seen\n on prior CT scan.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15693523/s52654474/61fee867-8392b680-a5aba632-e3f3b946-900eddd5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85075912-24fd6f93-372dd618-02e8b4b1-acf0b956", "study_id": 54335653, "subject_id": 16683757, "report": "impression: Probable atelectasis at the right lung base. No definite consolidation. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes demonstrate calcification of the\n aortic arch but otherwise appear grossly unremarkable. There is slight\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle, probably representing changes of\n atelectasis. No definite consolidative process is seen. No other focal\n pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. Examination\n of osseous structures demonstrate mild anterior shortening of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, but are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16683757/s54335653/85075912-24fd6f93-372dd618-02e8b4b1-acf0b956.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab618eee-2a493884-a478b561-100f5f42-562e5657", "study_id": 54490035, "subject_id": 17945610, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe opacity compatible with atelectasis and posssible infection. Findings: Obscuration of the right heart border with wedge opacity projecting over the\n right middle lobe is noted. Lungs are otherwise notable for increased\n interstitial markings, overall improved since priors. There is no effusion. \n Mild cardiomegaly is again seen. Left chest wall dual lead pacing device is\n again noted. IVC filter visualized within the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17945610/s54490035/ab618eee-2a493884-a478b561-100f5f42-562e5657.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8a2d0c99-d9c16df8-af4a6670-03baa169-48086bb0", "study_id": 55960369, "subject_id": 11724488, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No focal consolidation. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. No prior. Opacity at the\n left cardiophrenic angle would be compatible with a pericardial fat pad,\n especially given appearance on the lateral. Lungs are clear and costophrenic\n angles are sharp. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. \n Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.\n \n Degenerative changes noted at the acromioclavicular joints and hypertrophic\n changes are seen in the spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11724488/s55960369/8a2d0c99-d9c16df8-af4a6670-03baa169-48086bb0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a4e3640a-d1ed5982-b24f0c58-60e77e47-0256fe41", "study_id": 51119268, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Right paratracheal opacity likely represents prominent vascular structures and\n is unchanged from ___. No new focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The hilar contours are stable. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s51119268/a4e3640a-d1ed5982-b24f0c58-60e77e47-0256fe41.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd34a1c9-3e572b08-a5dfc903-0032200e-708e4a65", "study_id": 55173284, "subject_id": 16959871, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal. No overt pulmonary\n edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16959871/s55173284/cd34a1c9-3e572b08-a5dfc903-0032200e-708e4a65.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5", "study_id": 51878253, "subject_id": 16768418, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Right PICC tip is in unchanged\n position, within the mid/lower SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip terminates in the mid/ lower SVC, unchanged. Heart size is\n normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion, focal consolidation or\n pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16768418/s51878253/5a40bc49-30c49ada-4ca68aa8-3d602352-d0e098b5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ae6a9c3e-1994f6fc-566936f5-9b51a110-2fb8ea7e", "study_id": 55517450, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: 1. Retraction of the left PICC now ending in the left brachiocephalic vein.\n 2. Worsening pulmonary edema. Findings: Since prior, a left PICC has been retracted and now ends at the confluence of\n the left brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. An endotracheal tube has\n been removed. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Cardiac\n enlargement is unchanged. Since prior, there has been increased right greater\n than left basilar opacity, compatible with worsening pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s55517450/ae6a9c3e-1994f6fc-566936f5-9b51a110-2fb8ea7e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "15c5f82d-2fbbb3f2-cf605195-ed4839ee-e71fe465", "study_id": 55655748, "subject_id": 16413061, "report": "impression: As above. Findings: AP portable upright view of the chest.\n Left chest wall Port-A-Cath is seen with catheter tip in the region of the low\n SVC. Overlying EKG leads are present. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax. No signs of congestion or\n edema. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Bony structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16413061/s55655748/15c5f82d-2fbbb3f2-cf605195-ed4839ee-e71fe465.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11d552f5-4943c301-a27f94ec-9e425669-487ef789", "study_id": 50588876, "subject_id": 15153582, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary\n edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15153582/s50588876/11d552f5-4943c301-a27f94ec-9e425669-487ef789.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3ab7330-992f2893-ebd35a90-84ee8f64-3922a960", "study_id": 53320690, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of pneumonia. Findings: The multifocal bilateral opacities have essentially completely resolved since\n ___. Left pleural effusion has also completely resolved. Residual\n background emphysematous changes most prominent in the right upper lung with\n scarring and pleural thickening as well as background post-left upper\n lobectomy changes with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm are unchanged\n compared to ___. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle reflects\n thickening/scarring. A calcified perihilar node is unchanged. The heart is\n normal in size. The descending thoracic aorta is slightly tortuous,\n unchanged. Dextroconvex scoliosis of thoracic spine is overall similar with\n similar distortion of thoracic cage. Prominent degenerative changes in the\n thoracic spine are also overall unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s53320690/c3ab7330-992f2893-ebd35a90-84ee8f64-3922a960.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce99e222-d9e46e7e-1597d8a2-8da6576e-39759136", "study_id": 50685017, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart\n size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of\n right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive\n post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume.\n Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung\n disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the\n interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart\n size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s50685017/ce99e222-d9e46e7e-1597d8a2-8da6576e-39759136.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0010041-d406dbbd-d9464b06-f9af94a5-748d7c5f", "study_id": 50705665, "subject_id": 19837705, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Stable position\n of left-sided pacer device. Findings: There is persistent severe enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. The cardiac\n and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Patient is status post median\n sternotomy and cardiac valve replacement. Dual lead left-sided pacer device\n is stable in position. No focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19837705/s50705665/f0010041-d406dbbd-d9464b06-f9af94a5-748d7c5f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc232a2f-f3e99d0f-a4433b11-fcccd1c7-334c161d", "study_id": 57007394, "subject_id": 19680874, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: There are relatively low lung volumes. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is\n seen. There is no focal consolidation. No large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged. The aorta\n is calcified and tortuous.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19680874/s57007394/dc232a2f-f3e99d0f-a4433b11-fcccd1c7-334c161d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5d04cda-5902b0d3-962ad8a5-23e1fcb3-013d913f", "study_id": 53854807, "subject_id": 13332630, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13332630/s53854807/c5d04cda-5902b0d3-962ad8a5-23e1fcb3-013d913f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79632435-0693e0d0-9f3a1293-1663b451-127421df", "study_id": 50078606, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the mediastinum with the neoesophagus. \n Lungs are clear. No pneumonia/aspiration. Findings: Mild mediastinal widening on the right side is from an air-filled\n neoesophagus which has an unchanged appearance since ___. Both\n lungs are well expanded and clear. No evidence to suggest aspiration or\n pneumonia. There is no pneumothorax. Heart size is normal, mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s50078606/79632435-0693e0d0-9f3a1293-1663b451-127421df.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ed2756e-369a930f-ffff5e24-2435499b-1e4603e9", "study_id": 56049214, "subject_id": 12659391, "report": "impression: Right PICC tip at upper-to-mid SVC. Findings: Right PICC tip has been somewhat advanced into the upper-to-mid\n SVC. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The lungs are\n clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12659391/s56049214/1ed2756e-369a930f-ffff5e24-2435499b-1e4603e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6fa38a39-b7c9d558-58dec4b3-9b6ae59b-d80805e8", "study_id": 52264867, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: There is worsening airspace consolidation involving most of the right lower\n lung and possibly some of the right upper lobe concerning for pneumonia or\n possibly hemorrhage in the correct clinical setting. The left lung remains\n grossly clear. No pulmonary edema. Heart remains stably enlarged status post\n median sternotomy for CABG. No pneumothorax. Left subclavian PICC line\n unchanged in position. Findings: Portable semi-erect chest radiograph ___ at 09:28 is submitted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s52264867/6fa38a39-b7c9d558-58dec4b3-9b6ae59b-d80805e8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "81363533-9fe25452-24a77836-eecde8c5-555eff61", "study_id": 54875360, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Chronic left rib\n fracture is stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s54875360/81363533-9fe25452-24a77836-eecde8c5-555eff61.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50a472b5-45d0d214-091175cf-318c75f7-54e5007e", "study_id": 58133024, "subject_id": 15343139, "report": "impression: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis rather than\n consolidation due to pneumonia. Findings: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15343139/s58133024/50a472b5-45d0d214-091175cf-318c75f7-54e5007e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3ddf503-e6b16525-fd7a9015-9a50abe2-bef2b09e", "study_id": 57608934, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with appropriately positioned Swan-Ganz catheter.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usually accepted positioning. Findings: Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter is appropriately positioned.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is roughly 1.4 cm from the apex of the aortic\n arch. Heart size is enlarged and bilateral parenchymal opacities likely\n represent pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s57608934/c3ddf503-e6b16525-fd7a9015-9a50abe2-bef2b09e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eac81c8c-1dc5b6da-13af8380-a66641a0-1a204f81", "study_id": 58700633, "subject_id": 12521573, "report": "impression: Chronic elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with left basilar atelectasis. No\n acute cardiopulmonary abnormality otherwise demonstrated. Findings: Assessment is slightly limited due to rotation. Heart size remains mildly\n enlarged. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Atelectasis\n within the left lung base is noted, but no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged, and no pulmonary vascular congestion is identified. Scarring within\n the apices is unchanged. Mild to moderate multilevel degenerative changes are\n present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12521573/s58700633/eac81c8c-1dc5b6da-13af8380-a66641a0-1a204f81.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b21d03fd-ba77c145-efcda1f7-654925ed-bba4d6e8", "study_id": 51797846, "subject_id": 11091816, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is present. The aorta is tortuous.\n The mediastinal and hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. Pulmonary\n vasculature is not engorged. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11091816/s51797846/b21d03fd-ba77c145-efcda1f7-654925ed-bba4d6e8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96f87f7a-986127ad-254bbe00-6092f98c-b455bf5e", "study_id": 50685017, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart\n size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of\n right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive\n post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume.\n Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung\n disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the\n interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart\n size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s50685017/96f87f7a-986127ad-254bbe00-6092f98c-b455bf5e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1b56958d-2db30a47-c149a47c-5161435f-f70948bd", "study_id": 54070533, "subject_id": 11307058, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Stable appearance of the mediastinum. Findings: Patient is status post median sternotomy. The appearance of the cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes is stable ; patient has reported history of known\n thoracic aortic dissection and descending aortic dilatation. There is a\n likely hiatal hernia. No focal consolidation is seen. No large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No overt pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11307058/s54070533/1b56958d-2db30a47-c149a47c-5161435f-f70948bd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28899768-1ec862b2-b7624c9a-91e7b8f8-da17effb", "study_id": 50091256, "subject_id": 18156346, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18156346/s50091256/28899768-1ec862b2-b7624c9a-91e7b8f8-da17effb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba03cd17-84ef8c6e-04903ede-41a75c34-165e5c44", "study_id": 54309228, "subject_id": 18001816, "report": "impression: No acute pulmonary process identified. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. Lung volumes are low. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. No chf, focal infiltrate,\n effusion or pneumothorax is detected.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18001816/s54309228/ba03cd17-84ef8c6e-04903ede-41a75c34-165e5c44.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "afa7b0ef-ab36331f-40216eed-b9cb4a50-b937d72b", "study_id": 55173284, "subject_id": 16959871, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Cardiac silhouette is top-normal. No overt pulmonary\n edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16959871/s55173284/afa7b0ef-ab36331f-40216eed-b9cb4a50-b937d72b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "91b36d79-326b86ae-773d6a6f-2d9a9401-bfe405dc", "study_id": 58133024, "subject_id": 15343139, "report": "impression: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis rather than\n consolidation due to pneumonia. Findings: Linear right upper lung opacity most likely represents atelectasis. No\n definite focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15343139/s58133024/91b36d79-326b86ae-773d6a6f-2d9a9401-bfe405dc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c274724-63c22911-9071c43a-d456c9fc-0c009ab6", "study_id": 59919455, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion and pulmonary edema.\n More focal consolidation at the base of the right lung may reflect an area of\n infection though is likely related to pulmonary edema. Findings: Lung volumes are low which accentuates bronchovascular markings. There is\n pulmonary vascular congestion and mild pulmonary edema. A more focal\n consolidation at the base of the right lung could reflect an area of infection\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusions are seen. There is\n no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s59919455/5c274724-63c22911-9071c43a-d456c9fc-0c009ab6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83464977-3248cdf7-dabf04d4-71b78a27-306db131", "study_id": 58628303, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: 1. Nasogastric tube courses into the stomach.\n 2. Endotracheal tube ends 1.8 cm from the carina.\n 3. Left lower lobe collapse has recurred. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates low lung volumes\n which results in bronchovascular crowding. Left lower lobe collapse has\n recurred. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. The\n endotracheal tube ends 1.8 cm from the carina. Chest tubes project over the\n left hemi thorax. Swan-Ganz catheter ends in the right pulmonary artery. Left\n ventricular assist device is in unchanged position. Nasogastric tube courses\n into the stomach. Left-sided PICC line ends at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s58628303/83464977-3248cdf7-dabf04d4-71b78a27-306db131.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce1b5d74-954f2a25-a1265c40-1c05ecf0-9d2a535f", "study_id": 50825553, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild vascular congestion without overt edema or focal\n consolidation. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Blunting of the right lateral costophrenic angle\n is chronic and likely due to component pleural scarring. Superimposed trace\n effusions are also possible. Streaky left basilar opacities are likely\n atelectasis. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion without overt edema.\n Cardiac enlargement is stable compared to prior. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s50825553/ce1b5d74-954f2a25-a1265c40-1c05ecf0-9d2a535f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8c0f4b76-084be26f-d4273e90-5966adf2-f9cd14ab", "study_id": 57051557, "subject_id": 19796957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19796957/s57051557/8c0f4b76-084be26f-d4273e90-5966adf2-f9cd14ab.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d33d3e27-8bcf7569-af70ab28-bf25119c-49421ca2", "study_id": 52514999, "subject_id": 16159370, "report": "impression: 1. Nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung, as seen previously and\n chest CT is again recommended to further assess.\n 2. Additional subtle opacities in the right and left lower lungs which could\n represent atelectasis though the possibility of pneumonia is difficult to\n entirely exclude. Findings: There is a persistent nodular opacity projecting over the right mid lung\n measuring approximately ___ x 15 mm for which CT is recommended to further\n assess. In addition, there is right basal atelectasis. The possibility of\n additional nodules is difficult to entirely exclude. There is subtle opacity\n adjacent to left heart border on the frontal projection which could represent\n a prominent fat pad versus a very early pneumonia. No large effusions are\n present. Calcified pleural plaque is noted on the lateral projection along the\n posterior pleural surface. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. Bony\n structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16159370/s52514999/d33d3e27-8bcf7569-af70ab28-bf25119c-49421ca2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "af3990fd-dd3e3ef2-b30e6f3b-3e3db1fa-025c0d4f", "study_id": 53273716, "subject_id": 18162895, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present. Oral contrast material is seen within the left colon.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18162895/s53273716/af3990fd-dd3e3ef2-b30e6f3b-3e3db1fa-025c0d4f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d68e61e0-f41d1489-ba3b0c4c-ae35171f-1abd4615", "study_id": 52265333, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, resolution of previously seen\n bilateral parenchymal opacities. Stable mild prominence of the left hila. Findings: Single portable view of the chest is compared to previous exam from\n ___. Left-sided PICC is no longer seen. The lungs have shown\n interval resolution of the perihilar parenchymal opacities, they are now\n clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s52265333/d68e61e0-f41d1489-ba3b0c4c-ae35171f-1abd4615.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3435ed46-ac4d2fc9-701d2553-97322bab-a7090480", "study_id": 58510002, "subject_id": 19890030, "report": "impression: 1. Right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC.\n \n 2. Moderate pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: A new right IJ central line terminates in the mid to low SVC. The ET tube and\n NG tube are unchanged from prior exam.\n \n The lungs are well expanded. Diffusely increased interstitial markings are\n again noted in the lungs bilaterally, along with engorged pulmonary\n vasculature, cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusions, consistent with\n moderate pulmonary edema, similar to prior exams. Opacity at the left lung\n base is again noted, consistent with atelectasis. No focal consolidation is\n seen and there is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890030/s58510002/3435ed46-ac4d2fc9-701d2553-97322bab-a7090480.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06d06454-e679a2d4-05fcb986-27323b1b-a82e89c8", "study_id": 56650370, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Both lungs are clear with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56650370/06d06454-e679a2d4-05fcb986-27323b1b-a82e89c8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7db47847-c66b6992-3edc1bac-364e0750-67557805", "study_id": 57644406, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: Lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. A peripheral right lower lobe granuloma is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Cervical spinal hardware appears\n in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s57644406/7db47847-c66b6992-3edc1bac-364e0750-67557805.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aecd487f-89650453-71139ac4-094e3790-910d705d", "study_id": 51746534, "subject_id": 12706312, "report": "impression: Possible right fifth rib fracture with small amount of adjacent\n pleural fluid or hematoma.\n \n ___ discussed with Dr. ___ regarding these findings at 4:50\n a.m. on ___ at the time of discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates unremarkable\n mediastinal and hilar contours. Lung volumes are low with mild bibasilar\n atelectasis. Otherwise, lungs are clear. There is mild pleural thickening\n adjacent to the right fifth rib with suggestion of a cortical step-off;\n however, the area of concern is obscured by a crossing sixth rib. No other\n fracture is identified.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12706312/s51746534/aecd487f-89650453-71139ac4-094e3790-910d705d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9c4de0d-c46e17dd-016fd56b-18b872fb-325755c9", "study_id": 57880555, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Right upper and potentially middle lobe pneumonia. Recommend repeat after\n treatment to document resolution. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is new consolidation in the\n right upper lobe and likely within the right middle lobe as well. The left\n lung is grossly clear. There is no effusion. Cardiac silhouette is enlarged,\n unchanged. Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute\n osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s57880555/d9c4de0d-c46e17dd-016fd56b-18b872fb-325755c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e0fedfe-9bcbb335-3fe84f33-734baf67-40b747ef", "study_id": 55144227, "subject_id": 18482407, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. Lungs are clear\n and well expanded. A nodular hyperdensity in the right upper lung is\n unchanged and likely reflects a calcified granuloma. No large effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The heart and mediastinal contours are normal. The\n bony structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18482407/s55144227/1e0fedfe-9bcbb335-3fe84f33-734baf67-40b747ef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce503ee9-43932a5f-76cf3fc3-77fc0303-686fb5c2", "study_id": 50880023, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of infection or malignancy. Findings: Again, there is no evidence of primary or mediastinal abnormality. \n There is no radiographic evidence of adenopathy on this study; please refer to\n recent CT of the chest dated ___, which demonstrates left hilar\n findings. The lungs are well expanded bilaterally with no areas of focal\n consolidation, masses, lesions, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar silhouettes are within normal limits. \n The pleural surfaces are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s50880023/ce503ee9-43932a5f-76cf3fc3-77fc0303-686fb5c2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eab0888d-6b3b2814-4f0e59da-6f0c9408-d4cab1b0", "study_id": 55935470, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: Stable left lung asymmetry in a patient who has had left upper\n lobectomy and thoracotomy. Improvement of left lung base opacity with\n improved lung ventilation. Findings: PA and lateral images of the chest shows stable left lung asymmetry\n due to left upper lobectomy, the left lung base opacity is minimally improved\n since ___ due to increased lung ventilation. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The posterior left\n chest wall osteotomy is due to thoracotomy.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s55935470/eab0888d-6b3b2814-4f0e59da-6f0c9408-d4cab1b0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e680a6a3-8d3a8020-1efd254a-c43f36f9-2d1de5da", "study_id": 52552455, "subject_id": 15718331, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged but not significantly changed since\n earlier examinations. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear\n similar. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar along the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15718331/s52552455/e680a6a3-8d3a8020-1efd254a-c43f36f9-2d1de5da.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c69ade8-24448991-edc21d3e-7298899d-6ece7e0a", "study_id": 59397743, "subject_id": 12521573, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest with elevated left hemidiaphragm. \n No overt failure. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. There is\n stable elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, unchanged from ___. No focal\n consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There is grossly\n stable appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. Degenerative changes in the mid thoracic spine are\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12521573/s59397743/2c69ade8-24448991-edc21d3e-7298899d-6ece7e0a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a56cf43f-68487112-6618a5b8-67fe4506-0adbd299", "study_id": 59462065, "subject_id": 14290919, "report": "impression: Moderate retrocardiac and left basilar atelectasis with a possible small left\n pleural effusion. No overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: There is moderate retrocardiac and left basilar atelectasis. A small left\n pleural effusion is possible. The right lung is clear. Heart size is stable.\n No pulmonary edema or pneumothorax. No focal consolidations are noted. \n Median sternotomy wires are identified.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14290919/s59462065/a56cf43f-68487112-6618a5b8-67fe4506-0adbd299.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "648ee6d5-cb5e79fb-b7aca47b-5b20049b-042b1f8a", "study_id": 54348250, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: Persistent lingular opacity, but markedly reduced, so possibly due to\n scarring; although perhaps unlikely recurrent pneumonia at the site is not\n entirely excluded, however. No radiographic findings particularly suggestive\n of active sarcoid. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours appear within\n normal limits. The chest appears somewhat hyperinflated. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There is no indication of lymphadenopathy or\n parenchymal interstitial disease that would be likely to reflect sarcoidosis. \n In the lingula, there is persistent minor opacification, but considerably\n reduced so possibly due to scarring from a prior process.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s54348250/648ee6d5-cb5e79fb-b7aca47b-5b20049b-042b1f8a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f834a63d-bdcd3d6a-6a87cf3f-a7a890c2-5cda7d0e", "study_id": 59650920, "subject_id": 14319319, "report": "impression: No acute process. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14319319/s59650920/f834a63d-bdcd3d6a-6a87cf3f-a7a890c2-5cda7d0e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3525fe58-2ac660b2-9fe7511f-d9bc87f2-4e4514d4", "study_id": 51242161, "subject_id": 19550692, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Left basal platelike atelectasis. Otherwise lungs are clear. No signs of\n pneumonia or edema. No effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19550692/s51242161/3525fe58-2ac660b2-9fe7511f-d9bc87f2-4e4514d4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94d1cb3d-d73778f9-54fd1b3c-a3db8e00-ac37feda", "study_id": 57024988, "subject_id": 19890966, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890966/s57024988/94d1cb3d-d73778f9-54fd1b3c-a3db8e00-ac37feda.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39623822-10ce4ab6-684d8f03-25ca8526-4136f1fb", "study_id": 57108434, "subject_id": 15693523, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe ill-defined opacity concerning for pneumonia. Followup\n radiographs after treatment are recommended to ensure resolution of this\n finding. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device with leads terminating in the right atrium and\n right ventricle is noted. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Apical predominant emphysema is noted. There is no\n pulmonary edema. Linear scarring within the left upper lobe is seen. Left\n lower lobe ill-defined opacity is concerning for pneumonia. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Scarring within the apices is demonstrated.\n Several clips are demonstrated within the posterior mediastinum superiorly. \n Additionally there appears to have been prior resection of the right ___\n posterior rib.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15693523/s57108434/39623822-10ce4ab6-684d8f03-25ca8526-4136f1fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2a76f69a-7be37463-26a4305d-43c7b2aa-969572ad", "study_id": 58254317, "subject_id": 15658321, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Large hiatal hernia. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. A large hiatal hernia\n is noted. No acute fractures are seen. No free air under the right\n hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15658321/s58254317/2a76f69a-7be37463-26a4305d-43c7b2aa-969572ad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f58ceea9-b65ddd7a-210c3c5d-64f6f523-e898d9d7", "study_id": 55296778, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is again mild-to-moderately enlarged. The mediastinal\n and hilar contours appear unchanged, again noting calcifications along the\n aortic arch. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild rightward convex curvature is centered along the mid\n thoracic spine with mild degenerative anterior osteophyte formation.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s55296778/f58ceea9-b65ddd7a-210c3c5d-64f6f523-e898d9d7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4286651b-827ede38-fb96335e-fc2778b6-7c25eb40", "study_id": 59278582, "subject_id": 10773739, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Minimal residual linear opacities in\n the left lower lung likely scarring and small left effusion and or pleural\n thickening Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The right lung is clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or right pleural effusion. There is mild elevation of the left\n hemidiaphragm unchanged from prior. Opacities in the left lower hemithorax\n have markedly improved with residual probably scarring. Blunting of the left\n costophrenic angles could represent a small effusion or pleural thickening. \n The osseous structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p10/p10773739/s59278582/4286651b-827ede38-fb96335e-fc2778b6-7c25eb40.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03d8a81f-29aee625-3260a6f6-c3081ceb-a932dc44", "study_id": 51293946, "subject_id": 14376938, "report": "impression: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation seen elsewhere Findings: Opacity projecting over the anterior left first rib is likely due to\n overlapping structures however, this could be confirmed with apical lordotic\n view. No focal consolidation is seen elsewhere. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14376938/s51293946/03d8a81f-29aee625-3260a6f6-c3081ceb-a932dc44.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87c987cb-bf4d5e2a-f57b9ffb-a5d3f1b3-2a752ed8", "study_id": 52620709, "subject_id": 11778596, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11778596/s52620709/87c987cb-bf4d5e2a-f57b9ffb-a5d3f1b3-2a752ed8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5c1673ac-8ada2590-ddf3d88a-82c6d4fb-7faeebfb", "study_id": 55315754, "subject_id": 14725077, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lower lung volumes seen on the current exam with bibasilar atelectasis. The\n lungs are otherwise clear. There is no effusion or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are noted at the aortic arch. Thoracolumbar S-shaped scoliosis\n is noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14725077/s55315754/5c1673ac-8ada2590-ddf3d88a-82c6d4fb-7faeebfb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c468a266-8cdc345b-7830d55d-85f6be9c-42a47dc9", "study_id": 59178330, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: Left lung base opacity, likely due to chronic atelectasis. No hilar\n lymphadenopathy. Findings: There is o pacitiy at the left lung base, but is unchanged since ___\n when patient was asymptomatic. This suggests chronic scarring. Otherwise,\n there are no focal consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. No\n evidence of hilar lymphadenopathy. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s59178330/c468a266-8cdc345b-7830d55d-85f6be9c-42a47dc9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94cf13e6-4ce08671-ed55ba8e-42a83718-37c56071", "study_id": 59762894, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of an endotracheal tube with its tip approximately 3.1 cm above the\n carina. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacifications are again seen, possibly\n even more intense than previously on the right.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s59762894/94cf13e6-4ce08671-ed55ba8e-42a83718-37c56071.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "756771db-5805a998-08667cd8-f505ae42-22e2414b", "study_id": 52873579, "subject_id": 19175595, "report": "impression: Resolution of apical portion of left pneumothorax with lower left\n hydropneumothorax; no evidence of tension. Findings: There is no longer an apical component to the previously described\n left pneumothorax. A small-to-moderate left pleural effusion persists on the\n left with few areas of streaky associated atelectasis. An air-fluid level\n best seen on the lateral view indicated some degree of hydropneumothorax. \n There is no evidence of diaphragmatic flattening or mediastinal shift. Right\n mid rib fractures are nondisplaced, not well appreciated on the current exam.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19175595/s52873579/756771db-5805a998-08667cd8-f505ae42-22e2414b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ffba75f5-67f885c5-448f97ff-7eee3a54-454b3310", "study_id": 56870153, "subject_id": 15051804, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n No acute osseous abnormalities are visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15051804/s56870153/ffba75f5-67f885c5-448f97ff-7eee3a54-454b3310.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2fe28638-604a0402-b60fe5ec-6d13a376-e5a4412a", "study_id": 57478580, "subject_id": 17622916, "report": "impression: Crowding of vasculature at the bases due to low lung volumes makes it\n difficult to differentiate between microatelectasis and mild interstitial\n abnormality. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. The lung volumes are low causing crowding of the\n pulmonary vasculature at the bases. The hilar and cardiomediastinal contours\n are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17622916/s57478580/2fe28638-604a0402-b60fe5ec-6d13a376-e5a4412a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bcfdab4a-41f56a9d-969a736a-88b92d25-0b313cc1", "study_id": 53126282, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. No new areas of\n airspace consolidation. The cardiomediastinal shadow is unchanged. No pleural\n effusions. Mild coarsening of the interstitial markings persist.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s53126282/bcfdab4a-41f56a9d-969a736a-88b92d25-0b313cc1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c027d8f8-d7e3b702-251c84f4-f4630cbf-72e59727", "study_id": 59777295, "subject_id": 10575714, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. \n Allowing for this, the lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation,\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged\n osseous structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10575714/s59777295/c027d8f8-d7e3b702-251c84f4-f4630cbf-72e59727.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "551d7076-32d60564-745ab2a8-624b5317-c6f634f8", "study_id": 57214129, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: Moderate left pleural effusion slightly increased as compared to the prior\n study.\n \n Interval increase in right base opacity may represent combination of pleural\n effusion and atelectasis, underlying consolidation is not excluded.\n \n Pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Moderate left pleural effusion has slightly increased in the interval with\n overlying atelectasis. New right base opacity is seen, may represent\n combination of pleural effusion and atelectasis with overlying consolidation. \n Fluid is seen tracking in the minor fissure on the lateral view. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiac silhouette difficult x-ray\n assessed due to the bibasilar opacities. The aorta is calcified. Right-sided\n Port-A-Cath is seen, with distal tip in the expected location of the right\n atrium.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s57214129/551d7076-32d60564-745ab2a8-624b5317-c6f634f8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "046d4db0-ce1ff4f2-7995008c-6b054b3f-52e497a8", "study_id": 53508597, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: 1. Retrocardiac opacity likely reflects atelectasis. Infection is difficult\n to exclude.\n \n 2. Persistent 19 mm subtle ill-defined nodular opacity in the right lung apex.\n Finding are concerning for a neoplastic process, and further assessment with a\n chest CT is recommended. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with single lead terminating in the right\n ventricle. Moderate cardiomegaly persists. Aortic knob is densely calcified.\n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Left basilar opacity likely reflects atelectasis. No large\n pleural effusion is seen though assessment for left-sided effusion is somewhat\n limited due to overlying pacemaker generator pack obscuring this region. And\n ill-defined 19 mm hazy nodular opacity within the right upper lung field is\n unchanged from ___. Calcified granuloma in the left lung apex is\n unchanged. No pneumothorax is identified. Degenerative changes are noted in\n the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s53508597/046d4db0-ce1ff4f2-7995008c-6b054b3f-52e497a8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87c8d17c-efddd19d-6d6bdf4a-33ac06da-52d1f2ae", "study_id": 52435125, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent bilateral effusions and likely chronic atelectasis.\n \n 2. Resolution of previous pulmonary edema. Findings: The bilateral pleural effusions are again seen right greater than left. Right\n lower lobe opacities are unchanged and may be chronic atelectasis related to\n persistent effusions. The previously seen pulmonary edema has resolved. \n There is mild cardiomegaly. Orthopedic hardware is seen in the thoracic spine\n with adjacent surgical clips.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s52435125/87c8d17c-efddd19d-6d6bdf4a-33ac06da-52d1f2ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7992c68f-11f00489-37aaadc6-6aa3e5c1-f3546cfa", "study_id": 51119268, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Right paratracheal opacity likely represents prominent vascular structures and\n is unchanged from ___. No new focal consolidation, effusion or\n pneumothorax. The hilar contours are stable. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s51119268/7992c68f-11f00489-37aaadc6-6aa3e5c1-f3546cfa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb808317-349b706d-2c307946-be5fc3c1-9ee02e5e", "study_id": 54358600, "subject_id": 17934731, "report": "impression: No evidence suspicious for intrathoracic metastatic disease. Findings: Compared with most recent prior radiographs, pleural effusions and associated\n atelectasis have resolved. There is no change in severe leftward thoracic\n scoliosis and hiatal hernia. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17934731/s54358600/eb808317-349b706d-2c307946-be5fc3c1-9ee02e5e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0", "study_id": 58155175, "subject_id": 15480043, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n Low lung volumes cause bronchovascular crowding. There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n similar to prior. Imaged osseous structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15480043/s58155175/23268708-bb681a69-9d7f6685-bf0877d4-0ea495b0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b236a77-c19c7092-6111b0bf-d6e63ea8-507e68cb", "study_id": 57325562, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a normal cardiomediastinal\n silhouette and well-aerated lungs which are clear. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable, without evidence of intraperitoneal free air.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s57325562/0b236a77-c19c7092-6111b0bf-d6e63ea8-507e68cb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd5d17cd-26d7e480-755586ec-f31356c1-9cbd3336", "study_id": 59584536, "subject_id": 11524266, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11524266/s59584536/cd5d17cd-26d7e480-755586ec-f31356c1-9cbd3336.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b84fa313-09027c57-7c255b39-f4aed3e3-ff396107", "study_id": 50332797, "subject_id": 12977138, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Please note that PCP may be\n radiographically occult. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12977138/s50332797/b84fa313-09027c57-7c255b39-f4aed3e3-ff396107.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cabbbf75-3fd892e6-697cd8ee-d77563dd-a174163f", "study_id": 57997493, "subject_id": 16768418, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lung\n fields are clear. There is no pneumothorax, fracture or dislocation. Limited\n assessment of the abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16768418/s57997493/cabbbf75-3fd892e6-697cd8ee-d77563dd-a174163f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6d94c92-b9884e9a-493bceef-9f6c698a-83d8b674", "study_id": 57608934, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary edema with appropriately positioned Swan-Ganz catheter.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump is above the usually accepted positioning. Findings: Right internal jugular Swan-Ganz catheter is appropriately positioned.\n Intra-aortic balloon pump tip is roughly 1.4 cm from the apex of the aortic\n arch. Heart size is enlarged and bilateral parenchymal opacities likely\n represent pulmonary edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions are noted. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s57608934/a6d94c92-b9884e9a-493bceef-9f6c698a-83d8b674.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e5fe40d3-47686c41-bd3deb46-bff9a8dd-60e1fc04", "study_id": 56869570, "subject_id": 10807361, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10807361/s56869570/e5fe40d3-47686c41-bd3deb46-bff9a8dd-60e1fc04.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9b94529-baeec146-110c6f2c-ac0f07c8-2bf2a00b", "study_id": 55170845, "subject_id": 14528802, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No\n fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14528802/s55170845/f9b94529-baeec146-110c6f2c-ac0f07c8-2bf2a00b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46a6d930-2fc44fe5-967f3273-a3e6d81d-3e4f74a0", "study_id": 52370369, "subject_id": 19587538, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19587538/s52370369/46a6d930-2fc44fe5-967f3273-a3e6d81d-3e4f74a0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd4d1714-ea5c562c-917ab796-b83f8aa8-6b82f80e", "study_id": 55136339, "subject_id": 16030469, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a dual-lumen right chest\n wall dialysis line, terminating in the right atrium. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal and the lungs fairly well-aerated, without focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The visualized upper\n abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16030469/s55136339/fd4d1714-ea5c562c-917ab796-b83f8aa8-6b82f80e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea32b0da-db8371b9-e24620b3-33e572f6-51a33032", "study_id": 56207647, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: 1. Right lower lobe pneumonia, cavitation suspected. Small right pleural\n effusion.\n 2. Increase in size of the heart. Findings: Again seen is heterogeneous ill-defined opacity in the right lower lobe with\n some central lucency, though not as well seen compared to the exam from the\n day before. Small pleural effusion on the right is also likely. The left\n lung is mostly clear. Heart size is large and have increased in size compared\n to the day before.Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is no\n evidence for pulmonary edema or pneumothorax.Left-sided PICC terminates in the\n cavoatrial junction or right atrium, unchanged from prior. Sternotomy wires\n and surgical clips are intact and unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s56207647/ea32b0da-db8371b9-e24620b3-33e572f6-51a33032.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ce424e3-7e50c3a2-f36da4c7-bc25a2d1-a37fca4f", "study_id": 58695208, "subject_id": 12906762, "report": "impression: No pneumothorax. Findings: Left pleural pigtail catheter has been removed. There is no consolidation,\n pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Right apical parenchymal and pleural\n scarring is unchanged. ET tube is approximately 6-7 cm above the carina.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal size and unchanged. Dobbhoff tube\n terminates in the stomach. Left subclavian venous line terminates at superior\n SVC.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12906762/s58695208/5ce424e3-7e50c3a2-f36da4c7-bc25a2d1-a37fca4f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "428c7b1c-097b77b2-e92655c6-0fba9227-1ad7dafe", "study_id": 51686968, "subject_id": 17257394, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or edema. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257394/s51686968/428c7b1c-097b77b2-e92655c6-0fba9227-1ad7dafe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "87d13784-35495ec2-cffeda97-23cf108b-c05e835b", "study_id": 57717537, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Very low lung volumes have slightly decreased since ___. \n Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities most likely represent atelectasis. A\n small left pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion is unchanged since ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lung volumes are very\n low, which is only slightly worsened since ___. This accentuates the\n cardiac silhouette which appears stably enlarged. There is mild vascular\n congestion, but no overt pulmonary edema. The mediastinal contour is stable;\n the pulmonary artery is enlarged. Patchy bilateral lower lobe opacities\n likely represent atelectasis. There is a small left pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax is seen. There are clips in the left upper quadrant of the\n abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s57717537/87d13784-35495ec2-cffeda97-23cf108b-c05e835b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "060b1fcc-5f90c680-8ce2e1f5-40d3ac27-2dced2d6", "study_id": 57812613, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "impression: 1. Enlarging moderate left pleural effusion.\n 2. Stable right calcified granuloma.\n 3. Stable mild cardiomegaly. Findings: There is a moderate-sized left pleural effusion which is increased\n in size from the prior exam in ___. There is no right pleural\n effusion. The lungs are clear without pulmonary edema, consolidation, or\n pneumothorax. A small calcified granuloma in the right mid-to-lower lung zone\n is unchanged from prior exams. The cardiac size is mildly enlarged, unchanged\n from prior exams. Mediastinal contours are normal. The aorta is tortuous\n with mild calcifications. Degenerative changes of the lower thoracic and\n upper lumbar spine are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s57812613/060b1fcc-5f90c680-8ce2e1f5-40d3ac27-2dced2d6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66da37b9-cee79ad9-575d0c12-3258f935-5b252c22", "study_id": 56011861, "subject_id": 14226251, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe pneumonia. Follow up radiographs are\n recommended after treatment to ensure resolution of these findings. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. A right middle lobe opacity is most compatible with\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14226251/s56011861/66da37b9-cee79ad9-575d0c12-3258f935-5b252c22.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e00791c1-236f1162-299681bf-dc0ec9cf-db0b76ee", "study_id": 57098023, "subject_id": 12184969, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12184969/s57098023/e00791c1-236f1162-299681bf-dc0ec9cf-db0b76ee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4ebe2c0c-2050b7f6-43722c9e-600d983c-63487359", "study_id": 53737218, "subject_id": 19580789, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Mild hyperinflation. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but\n otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580789/s53737218/4ebe2c0c-2050b7f6-43722c9e-600d983c-63487359.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b51fb695-3cf77ffd-0401b042-c7378e82-eca5ceed", "study_id": 51427132, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Stable exam Findings: Sternotomy. Right IJ central line tip low SVC. Small right pleural effusion,\n similar. Stable right basilar, right perihilar opacities. Surgical clips. \n Shallow inspiration accentuates heart size. Mild elevation right\n hemidiaphragm, may in part be related to subpulmonic component of effusion,\n stable. No pneumothorax. .", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s51427132/b51fb695-3cf77ffd-0401b042-c7378e82-eca5ceed.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee71a48c-d7613a73-e790a03a-f30f2402-759d7654", "study_id": 58803234, "subject_id": 15655633, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the preexisting right upper\n lobe pneumonia has now completely resolved. There is no evidence of remnant\n opacities and no evidence of complication such as abscesses or pleural\n effusions. No other relevant findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15655633/s58803234/ee71a48c-d7613a73-e790a03a-f30f2402-759d7654.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8900dcbb-18a63f4a-5da806d5-d2d1e1e4-856fb310", "study_id": 59936924, "subject_id": 11623255, "report": "Increased opacification in the left infrahilar region is consistent\n with early pneumonia. A followup chest radiograph in six weeks after\n appropriate therapy is recommended to confirm resolution. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is present. The pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. The\n cardiac silhouette is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits and unchanged.\n \n Findings were posted by Dr. ___ to the radiology critical results\n dashboard for communication to Dr. ___ at 6:30 p.m. on ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11623255/s59936924/8900dcbb-18a63f4a-5da806d5-d2d1e1e4-856fb310.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1311bd6-e306d59e-a79f3f57-df18a30e-bf78423b", "study_id": 55084779, "subject_id": 14544801, "report": "impression: New left IJ central line seen crossing the midline and\n terminating either within the left brachiocephalic or the upper SVC.\n Evaluation limited due to rotated position. Findings: There has been interval placement of a left internal jugular\n central line, which is seen crossing the midline. Given patient rotation,\n position of the catheter tip is limited although it appears to terminate in\n the region of the left brachiocephalic vein or the superior SVC. Otherwise,\n there has been no significant interval change with prior study.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14544801/s55084779/d1311bd6-e306d59e-a79f3f57-df18a30e-bf78423b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9174f95c-f3fdd1b5-b0a921a6-de43c3e8-939bcfa2", "study_id": 58001725, "subject_id": 10924949, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal lateral views of the chest. Tubing seen along the left anterior chest\n wall, presumably from a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Relatively low lung\n volumes are seen. The lungs however are clear of consolidation or effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10924949/s58001725/9174f95c-f3fdd1b5-b0a921a6-de43c3e8-939bcfa2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05abb6c4-7cc9ae3c-bc29c9da-5c2f5ab2-8845a3ae", "study_id": 58044051, "subject_id": 11307058, "report": "impression: Possible lingular pneumonia vs. atelectasis. Findings: Compared to prior, there is opacity a partially obscuring the left heart\n border, concerning for pneumonia or atelectasis. The right lung is clear. No\n pleural abnormality is seen. Mediastinal contour is consistent with patient's\n known thoracic aortic dissection and descending aortic dilatation, unchanged\n from prior.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11307058/s58044051/05abb6c4-7cc9ae3c-bc29c9da-5c2f5ab2-8845a3ae.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41811dc3-c03a8c6d-a316dd7f-5733949b-00331055", "study_id": 50329542, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: Interval enlargement of the right pleural effusion and pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Please note that underlying infection at the right lung base\n cannot be excluded. Findings: Since prior, there has been interval enlargement of a right-sided pleural\n effusion which is now moderate to large with associated atelectasis. Left\n chest wall triple lead pacing device is again noted. There is no left-sided\n effusion. Linear opacity in the left lower lung is likely atelectasis versus\n scarring. There is vascular congestion, lungs are otherwise clear of\n consolidation. Previously seen pneumothorax is no longer visualized.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s50329542/41811dc3-c03a8c6d-a316dd7f-5733949b-00331055.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42dc981d-4c3414ee-55574b45-e63422d8-81395b98", "study_id": 50640883, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: Bilateral interstitial infiltrates most consistent with edema. Continued\n evidence of left lower lobe atelectasis or consolidation. Findings: There are persistent bilateral interstitial infiltrates likely representing\n edema. In addition, there is increased density in the retrocardiac area\n consistent with atelectasis and possibly consolidation. Streaky density\n consistent with subsegmental atelectasis in the middle lobe is no longer\n apparent. An endotracheal tube nasogastric tube and right internal jugular\n catheter remain in place. Mediastinal structures are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s50640883/42dc981d-4c3414ee-55574b45-e63422d8-81395b98.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "09524e08-b43253ba-752c8e69-fc1908b0-54cbd712", "study_id": 51599066, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: 1. No acute process.\n 2. Findings consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs were acquired. There is a left-sided\n pacemaker with an associated right ventricular lead, appropriately positioned.\n The lungs are hyperexpanded and there is flattening of the hemidiaphragms with\n enlargement of the retrosternal airspace, consistent with chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. There is a right lower lung granuloma, as before. The\n lungs are otherwise clear. The heart size is top normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s51599066/09524e08-b43253ba-752c8e69-fc1908b0-54cbd712.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f42d7dbd-d192327f-ba7c9e5c-8ef226b5-87f58720", "study_id": 50832976, "subject_id": 13853261, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No bony abnormalities\n are detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13853261/s50832976/f42d7dbd-d192327f-ba7c9e5c-8ef226b5-87f58720.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "033e88a7-b72e1f61-9e9c608c-95650c3f-87cd1f6a", "study_id": 53067857, "subject_id": 18088902, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Stable elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Findings: There is persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, unchanged. \n Otherwise, the lungs are well expanded and clear. No pulmonary edema. Stable\n appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18088902/s53067857/033e88a7-b72e1f61-9e9c608c-95650c3f-87cd1f6a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "39f9904e-3ec17e33-43b75114-cfba9a4d-b85024e9", "study_id": 50832976, "subject_id": 13853261, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar\n and cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. There is no\n pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural effusion. No bony abnormalities\n are detected.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13853261/s50832976/39f9904e-3ec17e33-43b75114-cfba9a4d-b85024e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c27614d-df5d18b9-d93249b6-10178a5f-05a69b81", "study_id": 56968110, "subject_id": 14429763, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, there has been\n placement of an enteric catheter. Although the tip is not well seen, it\n appears to extend at least to the lower stomach.\n \n Remainder of the study is essentially unchanged with some retrocardiac\n opacification consistent with volume loss in the left lower lobe.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14429763/s56968110/2c27614d-df5d18b9-d93249b6-10178a5f-05a69b81.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3e0c30fb-983b2a9f-80136b8d-f7949f7d-4ee24f04", "study_id": 55493597, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is no relevant\n change. The monitoring and support devices are in constant position, except\n for the endotracheal tube that has been advanced by approximately 1 cm. The\n extent of the pleural effusion is constant. Atelectasis at both lung bases. \n Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s55493597/3e0c30fb-983b2a9f-80136b8d-f7949f7d-4ee24f04.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c192e7be-3c9c15d0-ae8a7d3d-a117f975-65afe9ad", "study_id": 59546763, "subject_id": 17079101, "report": "impression: 1. Improved aeration of the right lung base compatible with decreased\n atelectasis and pleural fluid.\n 2. Improved but persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion.\n 3. Stable appearance status post right partial lung resection. Findings: In comparison to the most recent prior study, there is improved\n aeration at the right lung base with improved definition of the right\n hemidiaphragm and right heart border suggesting decreased atelectasis and\n pleural fluid. The left lung remains clear without pleural effusion or focal\n consolidation. No pneumothorax is present. The right hemidiaphragm remains\n elevated compatible with prior right lung resection. There is decreased but\n persistent mild pulmonary vascular congestion. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette remains prominently enlarged but stable. Surgical clips project to\n the right of the trachea, compatible with prior lung resection.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17079101/s59546763/c192e7be-3c9c15d0-ae8a7d3d-a117f975-65afe9ad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6c123f37-2e866064-a97fce62-c3214b55-0725f10d", "study_id": 53709854, "subject_id": 10425463, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. A small hiatal hernia is demonstrated. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are otherwise unremarkable. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Multiple clips are noted in the upper\n abdomen. Multilevel degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10425463/s53709854/6c123f37-2e866064-a97fce62-c3214b55-0725f10d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0517bdf0-af54f3aa-559609d8-b886767d-0c994e31", "study_id": 50588876, "subject_id": 15153582, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary\n edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15153582/s50588876/0517bdf0-af54f3aa-559609d8-b886767d-0c994e31.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17563248-b5619d12-71d589df-57facf81-8d6a38bc", "study_id": 56360897, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the lower lungs. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs\n are hyperinflated with chronic deformity of the left upper hemithorax and rib\n cage. There are opacities in the lower lungs which raise concern for\n pneumonia. Underlying scarring is better assessed on the prior CT. The heart\n size is difficult to assess, though appears grossly stable. The mediastinal\n contour also is grossly unchanged. Small right pleural effusion is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s56360897/17563248-b5619d12-71d589df-57facf81-8d6a38bc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "77dab00f-4b12bcda-d0dfea2c-e540bb9e-fe5b3114", "study_id": 50058197, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: New right IJ central venous line with tip likely within the right\n atrium and could be withdrawn to be in the lower SVC. Pulmonary vascular\n congestion. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Again, low lung volumes are\n seen. Increased interstitial markings on the current exam suggestive of\n vascular congestion. Left costophrenic angle is now more blunted potentially\n due to atelectasis, although effusion is also possible. Linear retrocardiac\n opacity persists. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. There is a new\n right IJ central venous catheter whose tip is in the right atrium and could be\n withdrawn 4.5 cm to be at the lower SVC. No visualized pneumothorax. Lower\n cervical fixation hardware is identified.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s50058197/77dab00f-4b12bcda-d0dfea2c-e540bb9e-fe5b3114.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3dfa0784-a75d96af-25fffbe9-c9e922d8-c7b8fa79", "study_id": 54475799, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s54475799/3dfa0784-a75d96af-25fffbe9-c9e922d8-c7b8fa79.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "52051de6-12f425a6-7e6e8a6e-8b8c4176-b5d56a2b", "study_id": 53321855, "subject_id": 10198310, "report": "impression: No evidence of rib fracture. Pacemaker and ICD leads are unchanged in\n position. Findings: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Severe\n cardiomegaly and cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes are unchanged. Pacemaker\n and ICD leads are unchanged in position. No evidence of displaced rib\n fracture.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10198310/s53321855/52051de6-12f425a6-7e6e8a6e-8b8c4176-b5d56a2b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31c50e15-4a244cac-11d33a37-6e57019b-63c5858f", "study_id": 52799543, "subject_id": 19580750, "report": "impression: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Mild\n cardiomegaly. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal. A left\n pectoral pacemaker with right atrial and right ventricular leads is unchanged. Findings: ___ CT torso", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580750/s52799543/31c50e15-4a244cac-11d33a37-6e57019b-63c5858f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f2a8d6d9-5425eaf4-1261d395-319e1538-edf854d9", "study_id": 50137061, "subject_id": 15072866, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size,\n mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15072866/s50137061/f2a8d6d9-5425eaf4-1261d395-319e1538-edf854d9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "21b2ba36-099442f2-f218da36-f0bc8c1a-27305d7c", "study_id": 57834148, "subject_id": 11724488, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No evidence of free air\n beneath the diaphragm. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No evidence of\n free air is seen beneath the diaphragm. Degenerative changes are again seen\n along the spine.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11724488/s57834148/21b2ba36-099442f2-f218da36-f0bc8c1a-27305d7c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d98a4431-acba5ef8-f0c5fe0c-b1b0900e-13276d61", "study_id": 58927269, "subject_id": 10244947, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10244947/s58927269/d98a4431-acba5ef8-f0c5fe0c-b1b0900e-13276d61.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bb5c15b8-775b1e4a-d704d49b-19215671-ce9ffb25", "study_id": 59631748, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: Mild central vascular engorgement without overt pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest dual pacing device,\n its leads which appear intact and stable in position. Heart size is mildly\n enlarged. There is central vascular engorgement without overt evidence of\n pulmonary edema. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle is likely\n atelectatic in etiology. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There\n is no evidence to suggest pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s59631748/bb5c15b8-775b1e4a-d704d49b-19215671-ce9ffb25.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b410634d-0e4278d7-9c9b3561-8f5e5fc4-34a6aac8", "study_id": 57641661, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "impression: Persistent small bilateral effusions, larger on the left which have decreased\n in size. Decreased pulmonary vascular congestion. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. Size of the bilateral effusions, left\n greater than right has slightly decreased in size since prior exam. There is\n less pulmonary vascular congestion on the current exam as well. Cardiac\n silhouette which appears enlarged, is unchanged. No acute osseous abnormality\n is detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s57641661/b410634d-0e4278d7-9c9b3561-8f5e5fc4-34a6aac8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fab89071-f6543b70-eaff3eb7-558c223b-f40a6d6f", "study_id": 55390875, "subject_id": 15936884, "report": "impression: Status post CABG with interval improvement in now mild bilateral pulmonary\n edema. Small bilateral pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: The patient is status post CABG and the mediastinum continues to demonstrate\n the expected postoperative appearance. A right IJ catheter terminates within\n the upper-mid SVC. A nasogastric tube courses into the stomach and out of view\n of the radiograph. As compared to the prior examination, the patient's\n bilateral pulmonary edema has improved and is now mild. Bilateral small\n pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis are noted. The upper lung fields\n are grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15936884/s55390875/fab89071-f6543b70-eaff3eb7-558c223b-f40a6d6f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "97bec5d2-5c01a348-f531a2fb-9be980b0-a17ff648", "study_id": 51310684, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal. A 6-mm nodule in the right lower lung is unchanged since\n ___, compatible with a calcified granuloma. Cervical spinal hardware is\n incompletely evaluated on this study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s51310684/97bec5d2-5c01a348-f531a2fb-9be980b0-a17ff648.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84886842-304fe1cd-e55f7a58-185a5fe3-96e3a8eb", "study_id": 59932213, "subject_id": 11925631, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11925631/s59932213/84886842-304fe1cd-e55f7a58-185a5fe3-96e3a8eb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49fbba93-49346260-5c3cc7e9-ad087106-f84c1739", "study_id": 59202016, "subject_id": 19128767, "report": "impression: Multifocal pneumonia. Recommend followup chest x-ray 4 weeks\n after completion of antibiotic therapy.\n \n Findings entered in radiology communications dashboard on date of study. Findings: Multifocal areas of consolidation are present, mostly in the right\n lower lobe, with a lesser degree of involvement in the right middle lobe and\n posterior segment left lower lobe. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. There are questionable small pleural effusions on the lateral\n view.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19128767/s59202016/49fbba93-49346260-5c3cc7e9-ad087106-f84c1739.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59f5f47e-bd8f07fb-0a0cd227-04f336ca-695f4502", "study_id": 52617198, "subject_id": 19303480, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There\n are mild multilevel degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19303480/s52617198/59f5f47e-bd8f07fb-0a0cd227-04f336ca-695f4502.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1bfdb2fd-6ff900ec-a426db98-a566d026-6f1d6677", "study_id": 56399172, "subject_id": 18016444, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: Heart size and cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18016444/s56399172/1bfdb2fd-6ff900ec-a426db98-a566d026-6f1d6677.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b8fe3d66-623dd7f2-01a7c7a7-e3115bac-20b92cb8", "study_id": 54433456, "subject_id": 12840185, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are hyperinflated but clear. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities. Multilevel degenerative changes are noted in the thoracic\n spine with anterior bridging osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12840185/s54433456/b8fe3d66-623dd7f2-01a7c7a7-e3115bac-20b92cb8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "03270807-5e38a815-9e4f8720-08103828-f27bb4e4", "study_id": 58044051, "subject_id": 11307058, "report": "impression: Possible lingular pneumonia vs. atelectasis. Findings: Compared to prior, there is opacity a partially obscuring the left heart\n border, concerning for pneumonia or atelectasis. The right lung is clear. No\n pleural abnormality is seen. Mediastinal contour is consistent with patient's\n known thoracic aortic dissection and descending aortic dilatation, unchanged\n from prior.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11307058/s58044051/03270807-5e38a815-9e4f8720-08103828-f27bb4e4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "02ae05fc-ce6ab459-7561db4d-881fb85b-5a207608", "study_id": 58767809, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "impression: Substantially increased left lung aeration with minimal residual atelectasis\n of the left apex and left lung base. Findings: Since the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, there is substantial\n improvement in aeration throughout the left lung. Subtotal collapse has\n resolved with minimal residual atelectasis of the apex and lung base. Right\n lung is fully expanded and clear. No obvious consolidations. Moderate\n cardiomegaly is unchanged. Pleural effusions small, if any.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s58767809/02ae05fc-ce6ab459-7561db4d-881fb85b-5a207608.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3c16638-ef4d1533-232b83a0-f2e617fc-2ed79160", "study_id": 56479192, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest is obtained. Cervical\n fusion hardware is partially imaged in the lower C-spine. A calcified\n granuloma is again noted in the right lower lung. The lungs are clear\n bilaterally without focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The heart\n and mediastinal contours appear normal. No bony abnormality is seen. No free\n air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s56479192/c3c16638-ef4d1533-232b83a0-f2e617fc-2ed79160.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32c44a1c-39b766e0-d251172d-1a3b66df-bd42daa8", "study_id": 57078506, "subject_id": 14790859, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14790859/s57078506/32c44a1c-39b766e0-d251172d-1a3b66df-bd42daa8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d11dac47-eb411965-10a6bda4-51bf83b2-47e0aa38", "study_id": 53686865, "subject_id": 15732468, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process, specifically no evidence of rib fracture.\n 2. Asbestos-related pleural plaques. Findings: Heart size is normal. Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. Multiple scattered calcified pleural plaques are\n suggestive of prior asbestos exposure. Lungs are otherwise clear. There is\n no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The bony structures are grossly\n unremarkable with fracture.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15732468/s53686865/d11dac47-eb411965-10a6bda4-51bf83b2-47e0aa38.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ea4d9952-427fe1f1-211bede7-853d99dc-eaaa4a79", "study_id": 54253905, "subject_id": 12671922, "report": "impression: No new opacity concerning for pneumonia. Interval improvement in lung volumes\n and decrease in size of a now small left pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Compared to the prior radiograph of ___ the lung volumes have improve. The\n left pleural effusion has decreased and is now small. Linear opacities in the\n left lung base represents platelike atelectasis. There is no new opacity or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. Nipple rings\n are noted.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12671922/s54253905/ea4d9952-427fe1f1-211bede7-853d99dc-eaaa4a79.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4753a502-c0764b72-9dfef68a-2024bf26-7d348cb1", "study_id": 57151471, "subject_id": 18827738, "report": "The Dobbhoff tube tip is coiled in the hiatal hernia with the tip pointed\n upward the appearance of the lungs are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18827738/s57151471/4753a502-c0764b72-9dfef68a-2024bf26-7d348cb1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "501b436f-4f6cf540-ca6ea4e6-b4a0a951-03e9baf9", "study_id": 55148571, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation to suggest\n pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Again seen in the\n right upper lobe is a calcified granuloma. The previously described multiple\n lung nodules are not as conspicuous on this study and are better characterized\n on the previous chest CT. An old right seventh rib fracture is present. A\n wedge compression fracture of the mid thoracic spine is unchanged. The heart\n size is normal. Aortic calcifications are seen in an otherwise normal\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s55148571/501b436f-4f6cf540-ca6ea4e6-b4a0a951-03e9baf9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb6725c5-05997634-42fc628d-001242ba-5ab3fe83", "study_id": 51104115, "subject_id": 10552670, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Radiopaque densities in the region of the\n mid to distal esophagus and stomach which may correlate with patient's pH\n probe placement. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax nor effusion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. Radiopaque densities seen in the mid to distal esophagus with\n additional focus just past the GE junction. This may represent patient's\n esophageal pH probe.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10552670/s51104115/eb6725c5-05997634-42fc628d-001242ba-5ab3fe83.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1312be28-d131f758-783e1a08-1e878cba-6236e5ff", "study_id": 54952803, "subject_id": 12598684, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is status post\n resection of the eighth right-sided rib. Moreover, the local pleura is\n minimally thickened.\n \n The lung parenchyma shows no evidence of acute changes. No pneumonia, no\n pulmonary edema. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Normal hilar and\n mediastinal contours.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12598684/s54952803/1312be28-d131f758-783e1a08-1e878cba-6236e5ff.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d4d38ca-ca23a788-10bb00aa-f4d15995-4fa7389c", "study_id": 55381986, "subject_id": 12502618, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The patient is status post aortic valve replacement and left subclavian vein\n stent placement. There is a fracture through the inferior-most sternotomy\n wire, which is unchanged since ___. Otherwise, the remaining\n sternotomy wires are intact and appropriately aligned.\n \n There is stable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. Lungs are\n well-expanded and clear. The pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12502618/s55381986/1d4d38ca-ca23a788-10bb00aa-f4d15995-4fa7389c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a3390a0-64016e72-4260680e-c7cdaeea-88505616", "study_id": 51533854, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s51533854/1a3390a0-64016e72-4260680e-c7cdaeea-88505616.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10", "study_id": 57011081, "subject_id": 14962059, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided.There is no focal\n consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n stable with top-normal heart size again noted. Imaged osseous structures are\n intact. No definite acute osseous injury. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14962059/s57011081/7e009c56-a431fd3d-61f9ac9c-c67bebaa-04316f10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f6088e83-babff51c-fe95c613-7b94b470-3aea3440", "study_id": 55339794, "subject_id": 15787214, "report": "impression: Diffuse opacities in the right lung concerning for multifocal pneumonia. \n Recommend followup radiograph after treatment to ensure resolution. Probable\n small pleural effusions. Findings: Frontal portable radiographs of the chest demonstrate normal heart size. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. There is diffuse\n opacity in the right lung more prominently in the right lower and mid lung. \n Compared to the prior study, opacities in the right lower lung appear similar;\n however, there may be slight increased opacity in the right mid lung. There\n is mild left base atelectasis. There are probable small bilateral pleural\n effusions. A left internal jugular approach central venous catheter ends in\n the mid SVC. No pneumothorax. No displaced rib fracture identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15787214/s55339794/f6088e83-babff51c-fe95c613-7b94b470-3aea3440.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11362097-a0bac3fa-316e02be-b753a0b5-16e69386", "study_id": 58608862, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Pulmonary edema, worse in the right lung with bibasilar\n atelectasis. Pneumonia in the right lower lobe may be possible in the correct\n clinical setting. Findings: Single AP upright portable chest radiograph was provided. There is\n increase of interstitial markings bilaterally although worse in the right\n lung, which may be due to asymmetric pulmonary edema. There is bibasilar\n atelectasis. Obscuration of the right hemidiaphragm may be due to\n atelectasis; however, infection cannot be excluded. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unchanged. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s58608862/11362097-a0bac3fa-316e02be-b753a0b5-16e69386.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "34d23bc3-2fc08ad2-36eb96f0-2fa778fb-138343b1", "study_id": 58984392, "subject_id": 18429449, "report": "impression: 1. Ill defined opacity projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib not\n seen on lateral views for which additional imaging with CT is recommended. \n \n 2. No findings to suggest lymphadenopathy. \n \n These findings were communicated to the ordering physician via ___\n critical findings website at the time findings were reviewed. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate an ill-defined opacity\n projecting over the ___ lateral posterior left rib, not seen on lateral views.\n For this, additional imaging with chest CT is recommended. The lungs are\n otherwise well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18429449/s58984392/34d23bc3-2fc08ad2-36eb96f0-2fa778fb-138343b1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abc5956e-8aef8550-9f0b9742-9da0df9a-e1a0c7cf", "study_id": 58971922, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: 1. No acute intrathoracic process.\n 2. Distended loops of large bowel. Correlate with abdominal examination. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural\n effusion. A 6-mm nodular opacity at the right lung base is unchanged since\n the ___ examination, most compatible with a calcified granuloma. \n Anterior cervical hardware is unchanged in position and orientation, with no\n evidence of hardware loosening.\n \n Of note, there appears to be mild distension of the large bowel. This was not\n present on the ___ examination. No free air is present.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s58971922/abc5956e-8aef8550-9f0b9742-9da0df9a-e1a0c7cf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69c29944-ec41cc80-daae3d71-357064e8-d6068d68", "study_id": 52571563, "subject_id": 16456728, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Suggestion of slight fullness at the right\n thoracic inlet may be due to a thyroid nodule or thyroiditis. Correlation with\n clinical exam is recommended. Findings: The lung volumes are somewhat low, accentuating retrocardiac vascular\n markings. No discrete consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or\n pulmonary edema is identified. The heart size is normal. Suggestion of a\n slight impression upon the right aspect of the trachea at the level of the\n thoracic inlet is noted.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16456728/s52571563/69c29944-ec41cc80-daae3d71-357064e8-d6068d68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "967b4be7-246fd0d5-0f1f4921-af286d14-001bff69", "study_id": 55217119, "subject_id": 11485848, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. The lungs are clear. The hilar and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural\n effusion. Pulmonary vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11485848/s55217119/967b4be7-246fd0d5-0f1f4921-af286d14-001bff69.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "82c84432-ff11fe52-0064b58c-b7bc2f43-ef86e88b", "study_id": 58918762, "subject_id": 18137951, "report": "impression: Small left pleural effusion. Otherwise, unremarkable examination\n of the chest. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. Low lung volumes. There is a\n small left pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. There are no focal\n opacities concerning for pneumonia. The mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18137951/s58918762/82c84432-ff11fe52-0064b58c-b7bc2f43-ef86e88b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b3d3f351-2f2c324c-963ca19b-fb5f5df2-0d7e9a31", "study_id": 55332401, "subject_id": 14544801, "report": "impression: Increased opacification in the right lung suggesting pneumonia in\n the right lower lobe and increased effusion. Cavity in the RUL slightly\n obscured to to adjacent increased pleural effusion. Findings: There is complete opacification of the right lower lung with air\n bronchograms suggestive of pneumonia. The large cavity in the upper lung field\n is partially opacified by adjacent effusion, which appears intervally\n increased. Increased interstitial thickening in the left lung is unchanged.\n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax in the left.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14544801/s55332401/b3d3f351-2f2c324c-963ca19b-fb5f5df2-0d7e9a31.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "315d37f7-b61c3e1e-be16af1b-9a2d7783-e2da1d8e", "study_id": 58340245, "subject_id": 13332630, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lung\n fields are clear. There is no pneumothorax, fracture or dislocation. Limited\n assessment of the abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13332630/s58340245/315d37f7-b61c3e1e-be16af1b-9a2d7783-e2da1d8e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "468df880-10005e8e-d4fa6433-d08fa89c-7b141448", "study_id": 57419136, "subject_id": 17622916, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there again are bilateral\n pleural effusions with evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. In the appropriate clinical setting,\n superimposed pneumonia would have to be considered.\n \n The right IJ catheter extends at least to the cavoatrial junction and quite\n probably into the upper portion of the right atrium.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17622916/s57419136/468df880-10005e8e-d4fa6433-d08fa89c-7b141448.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a38d0d66-d35eeff5-9125eeec-4096449c-36390916", "study_id": 59756917, "subject_id": 19550692, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild mid thoracic\n dextroscoliosis is noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19550692/s59756917/a38d0d66-d35eeff5-9125eeec-4096449c-36390916.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c31fd316-747ceb0b-7541d258-352aa94c-8ae4f713", "study_id": 57644406, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: Lungs are clear without confluent\n consolidation. A peripheral right lower lobe granuloma is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Cardiomediastinal\n and hilar contours are within normal limits. Cervical spinal hardware appears\n in unchanged position.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s57644406/c31fd316-747ceb0b-7541d258-352aa94c-8ae4f713.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e4690af-c5ad2bcb-ba270540-7605889a-6109aaad", "study_id": 57975666, "subject_id": 10248673, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n opacification at the left base most likely reflecting pleural effusion and\n volume loss in the lower lobe. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n persists. No evidence of vascular congestion. Right IJ catheter remains in\n place.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10248673/s57975666/2e4690af-c5ad2bcb-ba270540-7605889a-6109aaad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8792030f-fa92ef26-20cc8462-d46e5176-1dd9ee64", "study_id": 57547663, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Significant improvement in pulmonary aeration with persistent\n reticular perihilar markings, possibly representing residua of recent\n pulmonary infection. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest are obtained. There is\n significant interval improvement in lung aeration. Vague reticular opacities\n persist in the perihilar regions, possibly representing residual pneumonia. \n No definite signs of CHF, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Heart and\n mediastinal contours appear normal. Interval removal of the endotracheal and\n nasogastric tubes. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s57547663/8792030f-fa92ef26-20cc8462-d46e5176-1dd9ee64.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5c94f55-0a06cd2d-322ee395-331426ff-75fa19b5", "study_id": 56650370, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "Mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. \n Both lungs are clear with no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56650370/a5c94f55-0a06cd2d-322ee395-331426ff-75fa19b5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b85ecda1-089e869a-90607e39-84199c93-e66fae7a", "study_id": 56946073, "subject_id": 11465247, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the left upper\n lobe/lingula. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. There is a vague\n consolidation in the lateral aspect of the left lung which localizes\n anteriorly which is concerning for pneumonia. No large effusion. Right lung\n is clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11465247/s56946073/b85ecda1-089e869a-90607e39-84199c93-e66fae7a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "089ab3b5-4b7f0a82-24c89f6a-d876a8f0-34b46929", "study_id": 51452692, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with mild interstitial edema.\n Suspected pulmonary hypertension. Findings: The cardiac silhouette is enlarged with mild interstitial edema. Pulmonary\n artery is enlarged. Lung volumes are low, and there is a left retrocardiac\n opacity. A left axillary vascular stent is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s51452692/089ab3b5-4b7f0a82-24c89f6a-d876a8f0-34b46929.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "46583e03-f42311f4-87dca60a-c4c12f22-0fe13c7f", "study_id": 54512270, "subject_id": 10261230, "report": "No previous studies for comparison.\n \n The heart size is within normal limits. Lungs are grossly clear without\n definite consolidation, pleural effusions, or signs for acute pulmonary edema.\n There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10261230/s54512270/46583e03-f42311f4-87dca60a-c4c12f22-0fe13c7f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "42d1d942-0aefbde6-c54835e3-15294715-8113041e", "study_id": 52704228, "subject_id": 19045192, "report": "impression: Mild volume overload. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded, with hyperlucency,\n flattening of the hemidiaphragms, and widening of the retrosternal clear\n space. Mild cardiomegaly, central venous congestion, and interstitial edema. \n However, there is no frank pulmonary edema. No frank consolidation, pleural\n effusions, or pneumothorax. There is S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis and\n multilevel bridging osteophytes.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19045192/s52704228/42d1d942-0aefbde6-c54835e3-15294715-8113041e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5f8b833a-b5c56bb4-c61a72ba-61c0a0ce-9fa8c10a", "study_id": 58364828, "subject_id": 14793590, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14793590/s58364828/5f8b833a-b5c56bb4-c61a72ba-61c0a0ce-9fa8c10a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "60067fbf-8ef267f1-ac1186d9-a3798e30-1932da74", "study_id": 51595982, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Since the prior examination of ___, the lung volumes have improved. \n Heart is mildly enlarged. Heterogeneous linear opacities at the right base\n superimposed on the right hemidiaphragm probably represent residual\n atelectasis. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion. No\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s51595982/60067fbf-8ef267f1-ac1186d9-a3798e30-1932da74.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5937742-fb73ee63-48b37017-9cc947e5-fa8342d4", "study_id": 50043121, "subject_id": 11287042, "report": "impression: 1. Interval resolution of the right subpulmonic pleural effusion.\n \n 2. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Interval resolution of the right subpulmonic effusion. Mild elevation of the\n left hemidiaphragm, most likely secondary to bowel distention and\n interposition of bowel between the spleen and left hemidiaphragm. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. Stable\n appearance of the cardiomediastinal silhouette. No sub-diaphragmatic\n intra-abdominal free air.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11287042/s50043121/c5937742-fb73ee63-48b37017-9cc947e5-fa8342d4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b15a853-44ea4dcc-e9dcc745-dc75e138-94628837", "study_id": 56009674, "subject_id": 13376876, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Right-sided Port-A-Cath terminates in the\n mid SVC. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest redemonstrates a right subclavian\n Port-A-Cath, unchanged in position, terminating in the mid SVC. There is no\n evidence of pneumothorax, focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pulmonary\n edema. The lungs are well expanded and clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13376876/s56009674/0b15a853-44ea4dcc-e9dcc745-dc75e138-94628837.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "313ea739-0a9a0ae2-1c998dba-cdecfea2-567819cd", "study_id": 56393977, "subject_id": 17657668, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Heart size and mediastinal contours are normal. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are noted at the\n shoulders.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17657668/s56393977/313ea739-0a9a0ae2-1c998dba-cdecfea2-567819cd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f42f943b-33ff540e-c7e2236b-8b3315e2-4f3ad1d9", "study_id": 57198860, "subject_id": 16139394, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Small bilateral effusions with adjacent small\n atelectasis Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Small bilateral effusions are\n associated with adjacent atelectasis left greater than right. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16139394/s57198860/f42f943b-33ff540e-c7e2236b-8b3315e2-4f3ad1d9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a7f9061-9eef6733-e94cb29b-c4088494-9177b82f", "study_id": 52534188, "subject_id": 18548611, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. Minimal atelectasis is noted in\n the lung bases. The heart is normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18548611/s52534188/7a7f9061-9eef6733-e94cb29b-c4088494-9177b82f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8d4c9eb2-984e5879-a822d017-56d518a7-0a75fbd5", "study_id": 55522316, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The right lung is clear without consolidation. The previously seen\n equivocal opacity was likely from superimposed normal vessels in the setting\n of low lung volumes. The left hilum remains mildly prominent due to patient's\n known tumor, but is much improved from the previous chest radiograph on\n ___. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The size of\n the cardiac silhouette is at the upper limits of normal and unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s55522316/8d4c9eb2-984e5879-a822d017-56d518a7-0a75fbd5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84f56140-5f674b67-4431f058-4752511b-24be0d89", "study_id": 55083011, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "impression: Moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema, slightly improved\n since yesterday. Findings: There is moderate-to-severe cardiomegaly with moderate pulmonary edema,\n slightly improved compared to yesterday. There is minimal blunting of the\n costophrenic angles, consistent with small pleural effusions. A right\n subclavian hemodialysis catheter is at the distal SVC. No pneumothorax. \n There are no concerning lung consolidations.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s55083011/84f56140-5f674b67-4431f058-4752511b-24be0d89.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01426485-8678cd3e-09df30bc-44f2929a-dcae524c", "study_id": 54496719, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. \n \n 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis\n adjacent to the fissure. \n \n These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr.\n ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in\n unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been\n interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis\n adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion.\n There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious\n on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior\n radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s54496719/01426485-8678cd3e-09df30bc-44f2929a-dcae524c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9fdcee0b-ef15f145-db2edbc3-861be20f-d5e27c80", "study_id": 50588876, "subject_id": 15153582, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n confluent opacity or consolidation. No pneumothorax is evident. No pulmonary\n edema or pleural effusions are identified. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15153582/s50588876/9fdcee0b-ef15f145-db2edbc3-861be20f-d5e27c80.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9a063e8a-bd122987-f2d98d01-b6af36e3-6ddb5311", "study_id": 56692775, "subject_id": 18627107, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18627107/s56692775/9a063e8a-bd122987-f2d98d01-b6af36e3-6ddb5311.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "781476c8-b3ceae84-5bca3f05-15064709-53236d2f", "study_id": 54463242, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema.\n \n The lung bases are underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased\n opacity projecting over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be\n due to atelectasis although an early consolidation due to aspiration or\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The lung bases are\n underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased opacity projecting\n over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be due to atelectasis\n although an early consolidation due to aspiration or infection is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mediastinal contours are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s54463242/781476c8-b3ceae84-5bca3f05-15064709-53236d2f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6096e9b5-86463a35-ae11e747-b6c244b6-e79d1436", "study_id": 58897524, "subject_id": 17667438, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17667438/s58897524/6096e9b5-86463a35-ae11e747-b6c244b6-e79d1436.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "70a1de7a-ced6544b-f6c703aa-f806951c-c1fc887d", "study_id": 54463242, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: Persistent enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. No pulmonary edema.\n \n The lung bases are underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased\n opacity projecting over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be\n due to atelectasis although an early consolidation due to aspiration or\n infection is not excluded in the appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The lung bases are\n underpenetrated due to overlying soft tissue. Increased opacity projecting\n over the inferior thoracic spine on the lateral view may be due to atelectasis\n although an early consolidation due to aspiration or infection is not excluded\n in the appropriate clinical setting. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Mediastinal contours are stable. No pulmonary edema is seen.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s54463242/70a1de7a-ced6544b-f6c703aa-f806951c-c1fc887d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "619e7a1b-911eac64-eb4b724e-a0b08550-9ed1342b", "study_id": 59002259, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities are new since ___ exam, possibly atelectasis,\n aspiration, or infection in appropriate clinical setting. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate a stable postoperative\n appearance of the left hemithorax status post thoracoplasty. Right apical\n scarring persists. Right lung base opacity partially obscuring right\n hemidiaphragm is new since prior exam. Ill-defined left lung base opacity is\n also noted. No pleural effusion is seen. There is no pulmonary edema. \n Emphysema predominantly involving upper lung zones is unchanged. Hilar and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Heart size is normal. Partially imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s59002259/619e7a1b-911eac64-eb4b724e-a0b08550-9ed1342b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "425c4fa7-0d48e151-0758d818-9e8b1ea9-e9074977", "study_id": 58965143, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the bilateral parenchymal\n opacities have minimally increased. No other changes. Moderate cardiomegaly\n without pleural effusions. Unchanged monitoring and support devices. The\n double-lumen right-sided central venous access line might have its tip\n positioned in the azygos vein.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s58965143/425c4fa7-0d48e151-0758d818-9e8b1ea9-e9074977.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2cbf182-9d259151-0bab637e-69dece8f-be889649", "study_id": 59756917, "subject_id": 19550692, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild mid thoracic\n dextroscoliosis is noted.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19550692/s59756917/b2cbf182-9d259151-0bab637e-69dece8f-be889649.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "30b681db-78293b4e-edd1a3e2-eece4dc4-5ff2d9ab", "study_id": 57975666, "subject_id": 10248673, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is continued\n opacification at the left base most likely reflecting pleural effusion and\n volume loss in the lower lobe. Mild blunting of the right costophrenic angle\n persists. No evidence of vascular congestion. Right IJ catheter remains in\n place.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10248673/s57975666/30b681db-78293b4e-edd1a3e2-eece4dc4-5ff2d9ab.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "13f97bff-9d874f99-18558415-d3e8f313-f09288ad", "study_id": 55141338, "subject_id": 16698318, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia and small right pleural effusion.\n \n Discussed with Dr ___ ___ phone at ___. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. There is an\n ill-defined opacity in the right lower lobe that does not obscure the right\n heart border. A right-sided pleural effusion is small. There is no\n pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly is mild. Aortic calcifications are minimal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16698318/s55141338/13f97bff-9d874f99-18558415-d3e8f313-f09288ad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "574d9231-1ef20aac-3abcf4dd-30a9c7ac-7e5fee48", "study_id": 51880113, "subject_id": 16469493, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16469493/s51880113/574d9231-1ef20aac-3abcf4dd-30a9c7ac-7e5fee48.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48f65bd6-fd930f65-27b3123b-39cb33cc-049a89be", "study_id": 53521127, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: Multifocal pneumonia, atypical or viral. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. Multifocal bilateral opacities are concerning\n for multifocal pneumonia atypical infection or viral infection. No pleural\n effusion, edema, or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Hilar contours are\n unchanged. No mediastinal widening.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s53521127/48f65bd6-fd930f65-27b3123b-39cb33cc-049a89be.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8edeaeb8-f9b613cc-f2ca6d82-b59942a8-ad118a88", "study_id": 52705257, "subject_id": 19587538, "report": "impression: Bibasilar atelectasis. No overt evidence for pneumonia or edema. Findings: AP upright portable view of the chest provided. The lungs appear\n largely clear bilaterally aside from mild dependent basilar atelectasis. \n Slightly underpenetrated technique limits the evaluation for subtle mild\n congestion, though there is no overt evidence for pulmonary edema. The heart\n size appears normal. The mediastinal contour is stable and within normal\n limits. The bony structures appear intact. There is no free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19587538/s52705257/8edeaeb8-f9b613cc-f2ca6d82-b59942a8-ad118a88.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc37ee77-09d0c8aa-9c6a813c-7d3bf233-057edd33", "study_id": 58909423, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: New enteric tube tip in the mid stomach.\n Otherwise stable Findings: All enteric tube tip in the mid stomach. Endotracheal tube tip in good\n position. Right IJ central line, introducer sheath in place, similar. \n Increased heart size, pulmonary vascularity. Interstitial prominence, likely\n edema. Bilateral pleural effusions, stable. Bilateral lower lung opacities,\n likely atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s58909423/cc37ee77-09d0c8aa-9c6a813c-7d3bf233-057edd33.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "312bb0ed-2dafb619-a0da3729-5dc19055-53169588", "study_id": 51827027, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "impression: Normal chest. Findings: The heart and mediastinum are normal. The lung fields are clear. No\n infiltrates are present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s51827027/312bb0ed-2dafb619-a0da3729-5dc19055-53169588.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "012d47fa-4229d089-abd07205-47dad810-6a43e76b", "study_id": 59139933, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "The frontal view is suboptimal. Low lung volumes\n result in bronchovascular crowding. Pulmonary edema has resolved compared to\n the prior study, with decreased but small residual pleural effusions. There\n is mild bibasilar atelectasis. No pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s59139933/012d47fa-4229d089-abd07205-47dad810-6a43e76b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bdf52938-8cefb7d7-cfd86285-f8f1537b-7224f6fe", "study_id": 50734654, "subject_id": 15187487, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: There has been interval placement of a left-pectoral cardiac device with one\n lead terminating in the right ventricle. Lung volumes are low and there is a\n small amount of right middle lobe atelectasis. Otherwise, no significant\n interval change. Stable prominence of the cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n which may be secondary to slight apical lordotic technique and low lung\n volumes. Stable appearance of the hila and pleura. No focal consolidation,\n pleural effusion, pulmonary vascular congestion, or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187487/s50734654/bdf52938-8cefb7d7-cfd86285-f8f1537b-7224f6fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a6bfecfe-281e20c1-3d9a3002-ebed7792-aa0c7f47", "study_id": 53058995, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiac or pulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs were acquired of the chest. The lungs\n are clear. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal. There are no\n pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is seen. Bilateral degenerative changes\n of the acromioclavicular joints are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s53058995/a6bfecfe-281e20c1-3d9a3002-ebed7792-aa0c7f47.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aab8ed85-7c745624-f394ec76-c26844b8-15d892b9", "study_id": 53197078, "subject_id": 18043502, "report": "impression: There is no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia. Mediastinal and cardiac\n contours are unremarkable in this patient with kyphoscoliosis, left rib\n fracture is healed.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18043502/s53197078/aab8ed85-7c745624-f394ec76-c26844b8-15d892b9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c9ec94e-27e09fa4-bfa23b4a-097d03bb-a6f67389", "study_id": 56813540, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "Cardiac silhouette is upper limits of normal in size and\n accompanied by pulmonary vascular engorgement and slight perivascular\n indistinctness. Subtle basilar predominant interstitial opacities are visible\n in the right lung base and may reflect interstitial edema. Moderate left and\n small right pleural effusions are again demonstrated with adjacent basilar\n opacities which may reflect atelectasis and/or consolidation. This has\n slightly improved at the right base and is unchanged on the left.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s56813540/1c9ec94e-27e09fa4-bfa23b4a-097d03bb-a6f67389.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bd9e45d8-e8d6d3fa-e8a8e094-a2a77b14-2b43fddb", "study_id": 58129550, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: AP and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate stable positioning of\n the right Port-A-Cath. There is no pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. Left apical nodule is unchanged and has been\n further characterized on prior CT-Torso. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s58129550/bd9e45d8-e8d6d3fa-e8a8e094-a2a77b14-2b43fddb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfad9518-e9155e36-b7ddfe25-0756fe5d-a11405f1", "study_id": 54655842, "subject_id": 19519113, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. There is\n no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19519113/s54655842/cfad9518-e9155e36-b7ddfe25-0756fe5d-a11405f1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb4c2fa1-018c3c01-a16cb8eb-e2fcefab-30b318bc", "study_id": 51699028, "subject_id": 16596972, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.\n 2. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Eventration the right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. The left hemidiaphragm\n remains shallow since ___ suggesting pleural scarring. A small left\n pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Right hilar, subcarinal\n mediastinal and possible left hilar lymphadenopathy is unchanged since ___. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumonia\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16596972/s51699028/eb4c2fa1-018c3c01-a16cb8eb-e2fcefab-30b318bc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cc802574-9ed7ecb7-b29eaa57-59092e24-9e774cdf", "study_id": 55304215, "subject_id": 16389477, "report": "impression: ET and enteric tubes appropriately positioned. Findings: On the second image, the ET tube tip is 4.4 cm from the carina. Enteric tube\n seen with tip in the gastric body. Low lung volumes seen with crowding of the\n bronchovascular markings and bibasilar atelectasis. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16389477/s55304215/cc802574-9ed7ecb7-b29eaa57-59092e24-9e774cdf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2b6058ea-1a457571-ebed852c-b6879996-ac8b1622", "study_id": 57386813, "subject_id": 16029766, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there has been extensive increase\n in opacification at both bases, consistent with pleural effusion and\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. Continued enlargement of the cardiac\n silhouette with pulmonary vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16029766/s57386813/2b6058ea-1a457571-ebed852c-b6879996-ac8b1622.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4359fd68-d9a2137b-df64aa37-2868a0c5-f0febbee", "study_id": 53950117, "subject_id": 10072167, "report": "impression: No evidence of metastatic disease in the thorax, within the limitations of\n chsst radiograph. Findings: Heart size is normal. Aorta is tortuous. Decrease in lung volume. However,\n the Lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10072167/s53950117/4359fd68-d9a2137b-df64aa37-2868a0c5-f0febbee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3bd7086b-893fe462-f1699be8-dce553d3-1459991d", "study_id": 56143095, "subject_id": 12659391, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the previously\n well-positioned PICC line has been pulled back. The tip of the line now\n projects over the confluence of the brachiocephalic in the superior vena cava.\n The line should be advanced by approximately 2-3 cm to ensure safe position in\n the superior vena cava.\n \n No evidence of complications, notably no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12659391/s56143095/3bd7086b-893fe462-f1699be8-dce553d3-1459991d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08d3b0e9-3f6dfcf8-d9219b83-4c89a45a-7c6e8389", "study_id": 50033879, "subject_id": 17266832, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: Lung volumes are low. The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear\n stable including stable cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n There is again mild relative elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Calcified\n nodule in the right lower lobe is again visible. The lungs appear otherwise\n clear. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax. Surgical clips\n project over each axillary region.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17266832/s50033879/08d3b0e9-3f6dfcf8-d9219b83-4c89a45a-7c6e8389.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "85b47dcf-a5b619d4-60c3593d-76bf6fec-02ea2a87", "study_id": 50289779, "subject_id": 16698318, "report": "impression: Ill-defined opacity within the right lung base which is\n concerning for pneumonia. Followup radiographs after treatment are\n recommended to ensure resolution of this finding. Findings: There is moderate enlargement of the\n cardiac silhouette. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified. Pulmonary\n vascularity is not engorged. Ill-defined opacity is noted within the right\n lung base, which is concerning for an infectious process. There is no large\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild degenerative changes are noted in the\n thoracic spine. Multiple clips are seen within the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16698318/s50289779/85b47dcf-a5b619d4-60c3593d-76bf6fec-02ea2a87.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9dbe791-88e5c7a0-dc34613c-5913966a-50de825a", "study_id": 51202750, "subject_id": 18580594, "report": "impression: Innumerable bilateral nodular opacities, better evaluated on\n recent CT, without evidence of edema or large area of consolidation worrisome\n for pneumonia. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal. Again\n appreciated are innumerable bilateral nodular densities, better appreciated\n and evaluated on recent chest CTA. There is no evidence of vascular\n congestion and interstitial edema. There is no large pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18580594/s51202750/d9dbe791-88e5c7a0-dc34613c-5913966a-50de825a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "231fd0bd-bf21c178-9c9bbc5a-d859a30c-7086f6a6", "study_id": 59156144, "subject_id": 17680905, "report": "impression: Intra aortic balloon pump in the upper to mid descending thoracic aorta. No\n pleural effusion. No convincing findings for pneumonia Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged. The aorta is mildly tortuous and calcified.\n There is a intra-aortic balloon pump with the tip obscured. An exact\n measurement below the aortic knob cannot be obtained. It is at least in the\n upper descending aorta. There is patchy areas of alveolar edema. There is\n mild pulmonary vascular redistribution. There is no pleural effusion. There\n is no focal infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17680905/s59156144/231fd0bd-bf21c178-9c9bbc5a-d859a30c-7086f6a6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25d32771-00781a5a-8920ea8f-ae2f4879-373b3c21", "study_id": 56629662, "subject_id": 18713335, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n slightly increased, however, not returned to normal. There is decrease of the\n pre-existing pulmonary edema bilaterally, however there is still\n mild-to-moderate pulmonary edema bilaterally. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is slightly smaller than the prior radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18713335/s56629662/25d32771-00781a5a-8920ea8f-ae2f4879-373b3c21.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "daa9c2a1-691a861b-e52b5481-7f9bdd7b-7620fca2", "study_id": 52313236, "subject_id": 12085050, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Overlying trauma board limits assessment. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is minimal calcification of the\n aortic knob. Pulmonary vascularity is normal and the lungs are grossly clear.\n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen on this supine exam. Eventration\n of the right hemidiaphragm is present. Multilevel degenerative changes are\n noted in the thoracic spine. Marked degenerative changes of both glenohumeral\n joints are also noted. No acute osseous abnormalities are seen.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12085050/s52313236/daa9c2a1-691a861b-e52b5481-7f9bdd7b-7620fca2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6ba26b3a-5314e906-7366a48a-0598d3bd-73c3ca0f", "study_id": 56521428, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: Unchanged small right pleural effusion. Findings: Allowing for changes in positioning and lung volumes, the small right pleural\n effusion and adjacent compressive atelectasis is probably unchanged compared\n with ___. The right-sided pigtail catheter is in unchanged\n position. The left chest wall atrial and biventricular pacemaker leads are in\n standard position. There is moderate stable cardiomegaly.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s56521428/6ba26b3a-5314e906-7366a48a-0598d3bd-73c3ca0f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0", "study_id": 55127146, "subject_id": 15846912, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. Mildly prominent opacity in the right infrahilar\n region appears unchanged and is suspected to represent normal descending\n vascularity, which is unchanged and associated with slight leftward rotation\n of the heart. There are no pleural effusions or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15846912/s55127146/189951de-c5c0b41a-d14bcfd4-1e257166-1f89b5d0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe1456c8-170ff785-1bee6889-6f6bf616-b8bfe756", "study_id": 53310742, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process, specifically no evidence of heart\n failure. \n 2. Rounded opacity within the right upper lobe concerning for carcinoma. Findings: A single lead pacemaker terminates in the left ventricle.\n \n The pulmonary vasculature is normal. A rounded opacity seen in the right\n upper lobe is again worrisome for carcinoma. There is no focal airspace\n consolidation to suggest pneumonia. The cardiac silhouette is moderately\n enlarged, slightly increased, without central vascular congestion or pulmonary\n edema. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Dense calcifications are\n seen throughout the aorta.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s53310742/fe1456c8-170ff785-1bee6889-6f6bf616-b8bfe756.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "494f62af-2213616c-20174f23-c3d781fd-fed10e18", "study_id": 57177744, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: Bilateral, diffuse, confluent pulmonary opacities. Differential\n diagnosis include severe pulmonary edema or ARDS or hemorrhage. Concurrent\n lung infection cannot be ruled out. Findings: Bilateral, diffuse, confluent pulmonary opacities is concerning for\n severe pulmonary edema/ARDS/hemorrhage; although a concurrent infection cannot\n be excluded. Heart size is normal. Because of the diffuse pulmonary\n opacities obscuration the margins of the mediastinal and hilar contours,\n assessment was.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s57177744/494f62af-2213616c-20174f23-c3d781fd-fed10e18.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5c3470b-be30e581-14b6f2be-8eb54504-adeaa406", "study_id": 51953245, "subject_id": 11144972, "report": "impression: Prominence of the hila could be due to vascular engorgement,\n although underlying lymphadenopathy not excluded. Findings could be further\n evaluated on non-urgent chest CT. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is\n prominence of the hila raising concern for vascular engorgement, although\n underlying lymphadenopathy may be present and could be further evaluated for\n on chest CT. No focal consolidation is seen. There is minimal pulmonary\n vascular congestion. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11144972/s51953245/a5c3470b-be30e581-14b6f2be-8eb54504-adeaa406.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5706865f-64746402-2e5c6bfb-943aa9c1-3e276a08", "study_id": 59578157, "subject_id": 17680905, "report": "The intra-aortic balloon pump tip is 11 mm below the aortic knob the remainder\n the appearance of the chest is unchanged", "image_path": [ "p17/p17680905/s59578157/5706865f-64746402-2e5c6bfb-943aa9c1-3e276a08.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "afedd930-9d244c0b-0a2edbe6-2ceb376a-23bc266b", "study_id": 51562372, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: Moderate to large right pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis,\n underlying consolidation not excluded. Mild to moderate pulmonary edema. \n Enlarged cardiac silhouette. Findings: The patient is rotated to the left. There has been interval removal of a\n right-sided PICC. Left-sided pacer device is similar in position, with 3\n leads seen. There is a moderate to large right pleural effusion with\n overlying atelectasis, underlying consolidation is difficult to exclude. No\n pleural effusion is seen on the left. The cardiac silhouette is enlarged. \n The aortic knob is calcified. There is mild pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s51562372/afedd930-9d244c0b-0a2edbe6-2ceb376a-23bc266b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be2133c9-f05ac108-0faae545-ba98a682-38e81a89", "study_id": 53674243, "subject_id": 17257394, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is within normal limits. The mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are present in the thoracic spine. Clips\n in the right axilla are compatible with prior lymph node dissection.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257394/s53674243/be2133c9-f05ac108-0faae545-ba98a682-38e81a89.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c953c16-8d811ce5-80404b0b-859c9b9b-87a3260e", "study_id": 52103847, "subject_id": 17665558, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Pacemaker in place. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Left chest wall pacer device is\n seen with leads extending into the right heart. Midline sternotomy wires are\n also noted. The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17665558/s52103847/2c953c16-8d811ce5-80404b0b-859c9b9b-87a3260e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7aebcf40-c513d753-29abca25-111aef26-ba376639", "study_id": 51350911, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process or evidence of recurrent sarcoidosis. Findings: Chest PA and lateral radiograph demonstrates unremarkable mediastinal, hilar\n and cardiac contours. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is evident.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s51350911/7aebcf40-c513d753-29abca25-111aef26-ba376639.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9624358-214a129c-dc05b026-e49885ed-66224bdb", "study_id": 54099371, "subject_id": 11177224, "report": "impression: Slight interval worsening of pulmonary edema with persistent left lower lobe\n atelectasis. Multiple bilateral small rounded opacities, new since ___, are most likely engorged vessels, but follow-up is recommended after\n resolution of pulmonary edema. Findings: Single frontal view of the chest. Heart size and mediastinal contours are\n stable. Left lower lobe atelectasis persists. Pulmonary vascular markings\n have increased and the hila appear indistinct and hazy, findings consistent\n with interval worsening of pulmonary edema. In addition, multiple widely\n distributed small rounded opacities were not seen on ___ and,\n given the short time interval, likely represent vascular structures.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11177224/s54099371/f9624358-214a129c-dc05b026-e49885ed-66224bdb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69de2378-c6459058-c5e4a744-30e9cf68-1a0a8390", "study_id": 51971463, "subject_id": 14650196, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There are no pleural\n effusions or pneumothorax. Bony structures appear normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14650196/s51971463/69de2378-c6459058-c5e4a744-30e9cf68-1a0a8390.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "167948ba-77fedd55-bc7926a8-bef575a4-e4ca7f9f", "study_id": 51127147, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the right PICC line has been\n removed. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with the pulmonary\n vascularity essentially within normal limits. Small bilateral effusions with\n compressive atelectasis at the bases. No definite focal pneumonia. \n \n Surgical clips and spinal fusion device are seen in the mid dorsal region.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s51127147/167948ba-77fedd55-bc7926a8-bef575a4-e4ca7f9f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f5acc5b4-1e6fd282-3453001f-e9d68af4-af0a8782", "study_id": 52103847, "subject_id": 17665558, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Pacemaker in place. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Left chest wall pacer device is\n seen with leads extending into the right heart. Midline sternotomy wires are\n also noted. The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion,\n or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous\n structures are intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17665558/s52103847/f5acc5b4-1e6fd282-3453001f-e9d68af4-af0a8782.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f116ca80-a8af602f-9e093f53-f6f59ad5-7dd5441d", "study_id": 52278905, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: 1. Mild pulmonary edema with no strong evidence of pneumonia.\n 2. Bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: The heart is enlarged and there is engorgement of the pulmonary vasculature as\n well as mild pulmonary edema. There is thickening of major fissure on the\n right, which may represent fissural fluid. Again seen are bilateral pleural\n effusions with atelectasis at the lung bases. There is no evidence of new\n focal consolidation. No pneumothorax is seen. Again seen is thoracic spinal\n fusion hardware, unchanged in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s52278905/f116ca80-a8af602f-9e093f53-f6f59ad5-7dd5441d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f19575cf-a6ee7054-d30f3c82-aba71fa9-681c61fd", "study_id": 57818787, "subject_id": 11941487, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, large effusion, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for technique. No acute\n osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11941487/s57818787/f19575cf-a6ee7054-d30f3c82-aba71fa9-681c61fd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b0e5bce9-f997f76a-229b93fa-ef4fc028-bdcaba10", "study_id": 53482463, "subject_id": 14995285, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14995285/s53482463/b0e5bce9-f997f76a-229b93fa-ef4fc028-bdcaba10.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f400fee-753579b0-b459be3b-04c5dbab-120f6074", "study_id": 58473980, "subject_id": 18783450, "report": "Comparison is made to the previous study from ___.\n \n There is improved aeration at the right base. There remains some atelectasis\n at the bases bilaterally. There is an unchanged right-sided Port-A-Cath with\n distal lead tip at the distal SVC. Heart size is normal. There are no\n pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18783450/s58473980/1f400fee-753579b0-b459be3b-04c5dbab-120f6074.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "99111a32-995871bd-440828c1-27e28f82-8ee32d3e", "study_id": 53854807, "subject_id": 13332630, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13332630/s53854807/99111a32-995871bd-440828c1-27e28f82-8ee32d3e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b57e2fd5-e8efb1d9-46533dc5-2d856c3d-19ab41b4", "study_id": 50457804, "subject_id": 13671677, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Appropriate lead\n positioning. Findings: There is a left-sided dual-lead pacemaker with leads terminating in\n appropriate position in the right ventricle and atrium. The heart size is\n normal. The lungs are clear. Hilar contours are normal. There is no pleural\n effusion or pulmonary edema. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous with no\n suggestion of aneurysm.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13671677/s50457804/b57e2fd5-e8efb1d9-46533dc5-2d856c3d-19ab41b4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "78675c97-3d574a7a-21454f9d-2487195b-496a7b4b", "study_id": 52709218, "subject_id": 12536467, "report": "impression: Appropriate positioning of endotracheal and nasogastric tubes. Findings: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Lung volumes are low. \n An endotracheal tube terminates approximately 3 cm above the carina and an\n enteric tube projects over the stomach with tip excluded from the images. \n Linear opacities at the bases likely represent atelectasis in the setting of\n low lung volumes. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12536467/s52709218/78675c97-3d574a7a-21454f9d-2487195b-496a7b4b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5b7be76e-a4c9feb1-8407dbe4-3d0e8436-c2b49b98", "study_id": 54913015, "subject_id": 11644926, "report": "impression: Moderate pulmonary edema, moderate cardiomegaly, and bilateral pleural\n effusions, small on the right and moderate on the left. Superimposed\n pneumonia cannot be excluded. Findings: There is bilateral interstitial edema and pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n heart is moderately enlarged. Small right and moderate left pleural effusions\n are seen. Retrocardiac opacity may represent pneumonia in the appropriate\n clinical setting.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11644926/s54913015/5b7be76e-a4c9feb1-8407dbe4-3d0e8436-c2b49b98.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "07f8e57c-a1b872d2-5c2e7806-1c4fd548-128dd898", "study_id": 55818165, "subject_id": 10503161, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10503161/s55818165/07f8e57c-a1b872d2-5c2e7806-1c4fd548-128dd898.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ce90119b-f1d03bb8-42218616-235c6432-9277af77", "study_id": 53945155, "subject_id": 15187487, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Left-sided pacer defibrillator and single lead are in unchanged position. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits unstable. Lung\n volumes are low. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Left costophrenic pleural thickening is stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187487/s53945155/ce90119b-f1d03bb8-42218616-235c6432-9277af77.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93ae0d43-dfe717a3-a03e8350-04ddffc9-106280f3", "study_id": 58334557, "subject_id": 14632685, "report": "impression: Possible minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. No definite focal\n consolidation seen. Gaseous distention of what appears to be the stomach vs\n represent splenic flexure. Correlate clinically. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are relatively\n low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Minimal left\n base atelectasis is seen which is less apparent on the second image. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \n There may be minimal anterior wedging of a thoracic vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, of indeterminate age. Very minimal pulmonary vascular\n congestion may be present. There is gaseous distention of what appears to be\n the stomach under the left hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14632685/s58334557/93ae0d43-dfe717a3-a03e8350-04ddffc9-106280f3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "73d31d6f-ca8c0564-fa33ca69-0d72a50a-31d38651", "study_id": 50536002, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular congestion seen on ___ exam has resolved. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes. No\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. There is no\n pneumomediastinum. Hilar and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart\n size is normal. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion is seen on ___ exam\n has resolved. Insterstiail markings appear prominent which may reflect\n underlying small airways disease or interstitial disease. Clinical\n correlation is advised. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s50536002/73d31d6f-ca8c0564-fa33ca69-0d72a50a-31d38651.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e7267408-50278738-19fb9b1a-0e194253-046fa395", "study_id": 56003480, "subject_id": 14473057, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with probable bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Low lung volumes are present. Heart size is accentuated as result, appearing\n mildly enlarged. Mediastinal and hilar contours are grossly unremarkable. \n Crowding of bronchovascular structures is present without overt pulmonary\n edema. Minimal patchy opacities within the lung bases likely reflect areas of\n atelectasis. No focal consolidation, large pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n is detected on this supine exam. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14473057/s56003480/e7267408-50278738-19fb9b1a-0e194253-046fa395.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1a93c3ba-b683fe20-b0710462-cf40c34d-136cf408", "study_id": 54238302, "subject_id": 13171410, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is evidence of a\n newly appeared parenchymal opacity at both the right lung base and in the left\n lung, notably in the perihilar areas in the retrocardiac space. The\n distribution suggests pneumonia rather than pulmonary edema, notably given the\n absence of pleural effusions and the absence of other findings indicative of\n fluid overload.\n \n Borderline size of the cardiac silhouette. Status post CABG. No hilar or\n mediastinal changes.\n \n At the time of dictation the referring physician, ___. ___, was paged for\n notification at 10:23 a.m., on ___. Findings were subsequently\n discussed over the telephone.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13171410/s54238302/1a93c3ba-b683fe20-b0710462-cf40c34d-136cf408.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "11dec88e-878b57f1-343fb940-c74959b5-0320dab9", "study_id": 52548540, "subject_id": 11890444, "report": "impression: New small bilateral pleural effusions. No radiographic evidence for\n pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous, as seen previously. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Lungs are clear. Small bilateral pleural effusions are new in the\n interval. No focal consolidation is present. There is no pneumothorax. No\n acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11890444/s52548540/11dec88e-878b57f1-343fb940-c74959b5-0320dab9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6f9b4419-458e6f28-c82d6907-73e32753-6c0c1e05", "study_id": 52070310, "subject_id": 19598137, "report": "impression: 1. Small amount of pneumoperitoneum, which may be expected with the recent\n percutaneous G-tube placement.\n 2. Persistent mild pulmonary edema.\n 3. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: There is a small amount of pneumoperitoneum below the left hemidiaphragm,\n which may be expected considering the recent percutaneous G-tube placement.\n \n There is persistent mild pulmonary edema. The small bilateral pleural\n effusions are unchanged in size. There are no new focal consolidations. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19598137/s52070310/6f9b4419-458e6f28-c82d6907-73e32753-6c0c1e05.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49f3fbfe-cb406005-e8999546-2f5f2217-cd346108", "study_id": 51351116, "subject_id": 10190940, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The left hemidiaphragm is elevated. Cardiomegaly is stable. There is\n bibasilar atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n left-sided port terminates at the distal SVC.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10190940/s51351116/49f3fbfe-cb406005-e8999546-2f5f2217-cd346108.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6a1dcdef-77f285f3-0dc88baa-e1241adf-0eba3f6b", "study_id": 50263751, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Stable retrocardiac opacity compatible with scarring in the\n left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Chronic scarring in the left\n lower lobe accounts for retrocardiac opacity. No new consolidation is seen. No\n evidence of edema, large effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s50263751/6a1dcdef-77f285f3-0dc88baa-e1241adf-0eba3f6b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eecb0b8e-597db7ef-14dd9bab-52fd0da8-1f163745", "study_id": 59210902, "subject_id": 17266832, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right-sided pneumonia\n has substantially decreased in extent and severity. However, notably on the\n frontal radiograph, remnant opacities are seen at the right lung base. No new\n parenchymal opacities. Moderate cardiomegaly and minimal left pleural\n effusion. Unchanged right-sided and left-sided axillary clips.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17266832/s59210902/eecb0b8e-597db7ef-14dd9bab-52fd0da8-1f163745.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "20a8146b-74dd756c-382fd16f-2248a7d2-a74b9bbd", "study_id": 58227020, "subject_id": 11181748, "report": "impression: Stable small right pleural effusion. Findings: Small right pleural effusion is stable. There is no evidence of pneumothorax,\n lobar consolidation, or pulmonary edema. No left-sided pleural effusion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged from the prior examination.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11181748/s58227020/20a8146b-74dd756c-382fd16f-2248a7d2-a74b9bbd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "23400c85-a9248b01-0b55c196-55c9fcec-3420c556", "study_id": 54557642, "subject_id": 15655633, "report": "impression: Interval improvement of right lung consolidation, with a small amount of\n consolidation persisting. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate interval improvement of\n the opacity in the right lung. No other areas of focal consolidation are\n seen.\n \n The left hemidiaphragm remains elevated, consistent with the prior\n examination. No pleural effusion is seen. Normal cardiac silhouette is\n noted.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15655633/s54557642/23400c85-a9248b01-0b55c196-55c9fcec-3420c556.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "804b8d22-6d1eb472-77b4a9b3-2a62bd27-a1d390a9", "study_id": 52386935, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is now a dual-channel\n pacer device in place with leads extending to the right atrium and region of\n the apex of the right ventricle. Cardiac silhouette is within normal limits\n and there is no vascular congestion, pleural effusion, or acute focal\n pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s52386935/804b8d22-6d1eb472-77b4a9b3-2a62bd27-a1d390a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "225bb728-6155e5c7-1d5756c7-629c2d3f-308f2408", "study_id": 52416075, "subject_id": 14583397, "report": "impression: New right basilar opacities suggestive of atelectasis. Followup PA and\n lateral radiographs may be helpful to ensure resolution and to exclude the\n possibility of an early infectious pneumonia in the appropriate clinical\n setting. Findings: The lungs are hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. Heterogeneous right\n lower lobe opacity is most consistent with atelectasis. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Persistent mild cardiomegaly is noted. Mediastinal contour\n and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14583397/s52416075/225bb728-6155e5c7-1d5756c7-629c2d3f-308f2408.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "003fd23c-264ac00a-8e8225c5-d7f3543f-6ba3ef81", "study_id": 54620855, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: Acute pulmonary congestion with central pulmonary edema and\n left-sided pleural effusion. Report has been issued at 2:15 p.m. as the study\n remained non-verified for more than 10 hours. Findings: AP single view of the chest is obtained with patient in sitting\n semi-upright position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the\n next preceding similar study of ___. Cardiac enlargement and\n right-sided Port-A-Cath system via internal jugular approach as before. There\n is now marked congestive pulmonary vascular pattern with distended vessels and\n perivascular haze. Centrally located parenchymal densities are indicative of\n pulmonary edema. In comparison with the previous study, a sizeable left-sided\n pleural effusion has developed reaching up to the hilar level. The right-sided\n lateral pleural sinus, however, remains free.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s54620855/003fd23c-264ac00a-8e8225c5-d7f3543f-6ba3ef81.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d60c19c5-2a87cd59-e5c184dd-a81d581c-09f5cb99", "study_id": 53302173, "subject_id": 10986871, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities, left greater than right suggest infection or atelectasis.\n Mild cardiomegaly is stable. Findings: Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable demonstrating mild\n cardiomegaly. Mitral annular calcifications are noted. Bibasilar opacities,\n left greater than right are demonstrated and may represent infection or\n atelectasis. Lower lung volumes on the current exam results in crowding of\n the bronchovascular markings. The aorta is tortuous and calcified. There is\n no pneumothorax. There is no pleural effusion. There is marked degenerative\n change involving the glenohumeral joints bilaterally.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10986871/s53302173/d60c19c5-2a87cd59-e5c184dd-a81d581c-09f5cb99.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "784739df-bb737920-7abec083-2ff0c73f-6bea7f0e", "study_id": 51699028, "subject_id": 16596972, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.\n 2. Unchanged small left pleural effusion. Findings: Eventration the right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. The left hemidiaphragm\n remains shallow since ___ suggesting pleural scarring. A small left\n pleural effusion is unchanged since ___. Right hilar, subcarinal\n mediastinal and possible left hilar lymphadenopathy is unchanged since ___. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No pneumonia\n or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16596972/s51699028/784739df-bb737920-7abec083-2ff0c73f-6bea7f0e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "583ddbd2-50f85c61-b2d63c29-0c4cc293-77060208", "study_id": 54240463, "subject_id": 10803114, "report": "impression: Large right pleural effusion with associated atelectasis. Findings: A large subpulmonic effusion is present on the right with\n associated atelectasis. The heart size is at the upper limits of normal and\n the visualized mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The\n left lung is clear. There is no pneumothorax.\n \n Two locules of gas in the left upper abdomen represent the gastric bubble and\n splenic flexure of the colon.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10803114/s54240463/583ddbd2-50f85c61-b2d63c29-0c4cc293-77060208.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1abba9e2-b59f090a-f83d8ef2-43c94615-46bfa1cf", "study_id": 59627220, "subject_id": 19521888, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal in size. No\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19521888/s59627220/1abba9e2-b59f090a-f83d8ef2-43c94615-46bfa1cf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e8f09c5-490b580f-3d8c66a1-baec541c-5a0c5908", "study_id": 54496719, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: 1. Small left apical pneumothorax. \n \n 2. Interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis\n adjacent to the fissure. \n \n These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr. ___ to Dr.\n ___ at ___ on ___, ___ min after discovery. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate a left chest tube in\n unchanged position and normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. There has been\n interval re-expansion of the right upper lobe, with residual atelectasis\n adjacent to the fissure. There is no focal consolidation or pleural effusion.\n There is a small left apical pneumothorax. This pneumothorax is more obvious\n on today's exam and may be minimally bigger, but was likely present on prior\n radiograph.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s54496719/2e8f09c5-490b580f-3d8c66a1-baec541c-5a0c5908.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7692121e-81594620-38286eb8-1059dec5-06a3d2b9", "study_id": 56963809, "subject_id": 16034181, "report": "There is slight increase in interstitial markings involving the\n right lung, particularly the right lung base, to a lesser extent the left lung\n base which may be due to chronic lung disease; however, atypical infection is\n not excluded. No lobar consolidation is seen. There is no large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette is top normal. Aortic knob\n calcification is again seen. Mediastinal contours are relatively stable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16034181/s56963809/7692121e-81594620-38286eb8-1059dec5-06a3d2b9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "896369e9-0e4e879b-f8fccc40-e58605c2-c1bfaf48", "study_id": 58240183, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pulmonary\n edema has resolved. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The imaged\n upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s58240183/896369e9-0e4e879b-f8fccc40-e58605c2-c1bfaf48.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "809478a0-89ff6933-f8530e59-3f6f75d2-1fc0bb55", "study_id": 57231052, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s57231052/809478a0-89ff6933-f8530e59-3f6f75d2-1fc0bb55.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "35136a7b-a6253f96-8f21d7df-52a01ea2-ce5aa3fe", "study_id": 58229223, "subject_id": 12548159, "report": "impression: 1. Probable multilobar pneumonia of the right lung, stable from two days ago\n and much improved from ___.\n 2. A focal remaining component of pneumonia versus pleural effusion tracking\n into the fissures on the right. Oblique views may help differentiate the two\n possibilities.\n 3. Stable congestive heart failure. Findings: The diffuse heterogeneous opacification of\n the right lung with a denser perifissural component at the inferior upper lobe\n is unchanged from the prior study but considerably improved from ___. The left lung is clear. Moderate cardiomegaly and mediastinal vascular\n engorgement is stable. There is no pneumothorax. Possible small bilateral\n pleural effusions appear unchanged from two days ago. A right PICC terminates\n in the mid SVC and is also unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12548159/s58229223/35136a7b-a6253f96-8f21d7df-52a01ea2-ce5aa3fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7bb64264-3a27db3b-774da98c-671a380d-9805e329", "study_id": 58940888, "subject_id": 18573829, "report": "Slightly rotated positioning.\n \n The left IJ central line tip overlies the upper right atrium. No pneumothorax\n is detected. \n \n Sternotomy wires are present and there is probable cardiomegaly. There is\n upper zone re-distribution and diffuse vascular blurring, consistent with CHF.\n Hazy opacity at the lung bases suggests layering effusions, likely with\n underlying collapse and/or consolidation. The CHF and pleural parenchymal\n findings are new compared with the ___ CXR. \n \n Note is made of slight change in caliber in the trachea at the level of the\n lower neck, which is similar to the ___ film.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18573829/s58940888/7bb64264-3a27db3b-774da98c-671a380d-9805e329.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d37198a2-d588ccee-08feb12c-5d4942b3-98453d12", "study_id": 53273352, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "Comparison is made to the prior radiographs from ___.\n \n Heart size is enlarged but stable. There is atelectasis at the lung bases. \n There are again seen bilateral pleural effusions, left worse than right and\n there is prominence of the pulmonary interstitial markings which is slightly\n improved. There are no pneumothoraces.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s53273352/d37198a2-d588ccee-08feb12c-5d4942b3-98453d12.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bd08c70-fbb6e2dc-4a5730ee-8a7a80b5-c496867e", "study_id": 55488757, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly. No overt signs of edema or pneumonia. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. Large body habitus and\n underpenetrated technique limits assessment. Allowing for technical\n limitations, the lungs are clear. Heart is mildly enlarged. Mediastinal\n contour is normal. No large effusion or pneumothorax. Bony structures are\n intact.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s55488757/8bd08c70-fbb6e2dc-4a5730ee-8a7a80b5-c496867e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "10efa450-28c449f2-7a5dde1e-58eb3c3e-2a6a8ef0", "study_id": 55846843, "subject_id": 11134683, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged with\n mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta again noted. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications are seen diffusely throughout the thoracic aorta. Pulmonary\n vasculature is normal and the lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. There are moderate multilevel\n degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. Remote left ninth rib fracture is\n again seen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11134683/s55846843/10efa450-28c449f2-7a5dde1e-58eb3c3e-2a6a8ef0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbed68cb-2b0d6862-be4b2ad1-33830392-d1192f4b", "study_id": 55248428, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Mild\n atelectasis is noted at the lung bases bilaterally. Sternotomy wires and\n mediastinal clips are unchanged from prior studies.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s55248428/bbed68cb-2b0d6862-be4b2ad1-33830392-d1192f4b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c5d1f913-cd636274-029bb314-6f1e9d2b-d2593f75", "study_id": 54056728, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "impression: 1. Left PICC line ends at mid SVC. No pneumothorax.\n 2. Small left pleural effusion is new since ___. Findings: Left PICC line ends approximately at mid SVC. Small left pleural\n effusion is new since ___. There is no pleural abnormality on\n the right side. Lungs are well expanded and without any opacities concerning\n for pneumonia. Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s54056728/c5d1f913-cd636274-029bb314-6f1e9d2b-d2593f75.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24d67d52-b980751d-ff001839-ec1fe0d5-494dd5ac", "study_id": 54961891, "subject_id": 17002995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and grossly clear. The cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is unremarkable. Known left upper lobe nodule has been\n persistently decreasing in size on sequential exams, and is not perceptible on\n the current study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17002995/s54961891/24d67d52-b980751d-ff001839-ec1fe0d5-494dd5ac.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a30c54e-efd24c40-62ebd58f-010424a9-6a7200a8", "study_id": 57911302, "subject_id": 13335223, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided.\n \n There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact. \n No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13335223/s57911302/7a30c54e-efd24c40-62ebd58f-010424a9-6a7200a8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "21e904a4-539c24eb-be580554-4d15ddda-3546386c", "study_id": 56802169, "subject_id": 12906762, "report": "impression: 1. Standard positioning of the endotracheal and enteric tubes.\n 2. Bibasilar patchy opacities, likely atelectasis though aspiration or\n infection cannot be excluded.\n 3. Scarring within the lung apices with bullous formation in the right apex. Findings: Endotracheal tube tip terminates approximately 5.4 cm from the carina. An\n enteric tube courses below the left hemidiaphragm, off the inferior borders of\n the film. Heart size is mildly enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcifications are\n seen in the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta. Both hila are slightly\n enlarged, which can be seen with pulmonary hypertension. Emphysema is noted.\n Scarring within the lung apices is present, with bullous disease in the right\n apex. Patchy opacities within the lung bases, more so on the left, may reflect\n atelectasis though aspiration is not excluded. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is clearly noted on this supine exam, though the left\n costophrenic angle is not completely included in the field of view.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12906762/s56802169/21e904a4-539c24eb-be580554-4d15ddda-3546386c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0a10435e-e43147f5-c4986cba-35836a58-b4b70cd6", "study_id": 53622016, "subject_id": 13770664, "report": "impression: Apparent rightward deviation of trachea. Repeat radiograph with\n the neck in neutral position may be helpful to differentiate the effects of\n rotation from tracheal displacement from a fixed abnormality such as an\n adjacent thyroid mass. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiac silhouette and\n bronchovascular structures. Calcified lymph nodes are present in the right\n hilar region as well as a calcified granuloma in the right upper lobe. Patchy\n opacity in left retrocardiac region is new, and may reflects patchy\n atelectasis in the setting of low lung volumes. Acute aspiration is an\n additional consideration in the appropriate clinical setting. Note is also\n made of apparent rightward deviation of the trachea, at the level of the\n thoracic inlet. This is difficult to evaluate on a portable radiograph,\n particularly as the patient's neck appears to be turned towards the right on\n this exam.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13770664/s53622016/0a10435e-e43147f5-c4986cba-35836a58-b4b70cd6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dc1e7454-d814d8b0-98387289-b10ecc59-9f4c8c6e", "study_id": 50956639, "subject_id": 16675957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Asymmetric widening of the left AC\n joint suspicious for type II acromioclavicular dislocation. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Degenerative changes are noted involving\n both acromioclavicular joints with asymmetric widening of the left AC joint\n measuring up to the 7-8 mm. .", "image_path": [ "p16/p16675957/s50956639/dc1e7454-d814d8b0-98387289-b10ecc59-9f4c8c6e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fadc81b1-9ea238c0-58b6e7a8-915e4bbc-34aee7b4", "study_id": 56360523, "subject_id": 11068484, "report": "impression: Mild edema, bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: AP upright and lateral views the chest were provided. Lung volumes are low\n limiting assessment. Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is again noted. \n There is bibasilar atelectasis. Hilar congestion and mild pulmonary edema is\n noted. No large effusions are seen. Heart size cannot be assessed. \n Mediastinal contour appears grossly unchanged with atherosclerotic\n calcifications of the aortic knob. Bony structures are grossly intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11068484/s56360523/fadc81b1-9ea238c0-58b6e7a8-915e4bbc-34aee7b4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f428c50b-ff3f758f-7ec7be0b-831ee404-7190d0ed", "study_id": 57260304, "subject_id": 17002995, "report": "impression: Left greater than right bibasilar opacities, felt to most likely represent\n atelectasis on the recent CT. Re-demonstration of dominant left upper lobe\n pulmonary nodule. Findings: There are bibasilar opacities, left greater than right, likely corresponding\n to findings on recent CT which were felt to most likely represent atelectasis.\n The dominant left upper lobe pulmonary nodule is re-demonstrated. No other\n areas of focal consolidation suspicious for pneumonia. No pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No free\n air under in the hemidiaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17002995/s57260304/f428c50b-ff3f758f-7ec7be0b-831ee404-7190d0ed.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93318c78-1b671842-1af554f7-52f54a25-91a64acf", "study_id": 57833703, "subject_id": 18648021, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is little change and\n no evidence of acute focal pneumonia. Right apical pleural and parenchymal\n abnormalities again seen, most likely related to previous infection and\n scarring.\n \n Continued hyperinflation of the lungs consistent with chronic pulmonary\n disease. No vascular congestion or acute focal pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18648021/s57833703/93318c78-1b671842-1af554f7-52f54a25-91a64acf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "79edbc6e-58f13a9d-db0158a9-e1565212-5bdc7e4a", "study_id": 57610653, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: Patchy bibasilar airspace opacities appear relatively unchanged, and may\n reflect atelectasis and/or chronic changes. Slight interval increase in size\n of right upper lobe rounded opacity which remains concerning for\n adenocarcinoma. Findings: Left-sided pacemaker device is noted with single lead terminating in the right\n ventricle, unchanged. The heart remains moderately enlarged. Dense\n atherosclerotic calcifications are present at the aortic knob. Mediastinal\n and hilar contours are unchanged. Rounded opacity within the right upper lobe\n appears slightly increased in size compared to the previous exam, which again\n remains concerning for adenocarcinoma and now measures up to 2.4 cm. Minimal\n patchy opacities are noted within the lung bases. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is identified. Multiple ___ are demonstrated within the\n right upper quadrant of the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s57610653/79edbc6e-58f13a9d-db0158a9-e1565212-5bdc7e4a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94559fca-c712619f-88d28bb4-241c950e-94d1d4a5", "study_id": 59563273, "subject_id": 16265536, "report": "impression: Heart size is normal. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. Heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16265536/s59563273/94559fca-c712619f-88d28bb4-241c950e-94d1d4a5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74d17d6d-60d470c5-aa3e0790-ca26bda1-02853db1", "study_id": 58897524, "subject_id": 17667438, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17667438/s58897524/74d17d6d-60d470c5-aa3e0790-ca26bda1-02853db1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a9c035a-33267a29-76c4b71b-04e91d63-e786f0ab", "study_id": 53857831, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Post-surgical changes in the left upper chest, with no definite\n signs of pneumonia. Findings: Portable AP upright view of the chest was provided. There is again\n noted to be post-surgical change of the left lung apex with volume loss and\n leftward retraction of the mediastinal structures. There is also evidence of\n prior left upper rib cage resection with chest wall deformity evident. The\n right lung is hyperinflated with upper lobe lucency, likely reflecting\n underlying emphysema. Coarsened interstitial markings with micronodular\n opacity in the right lower lung likely reflect scarring and appears stable\n from prior exam. The left CP angle is excluded thus limiting evaluation. No\n definite new consolidation in the left lung to suggest the presence of\n pneumonia. The heart size appears stable.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s53857831/5a9c035a-33267a29-76c4b71b-04e91d63-e786f0ab.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28", "study_id": 51163175, "subject_id": 13171410, "report": "impression: 1. Unchanged small right apical pneumothorax.\n 2. Resolution of left fissural loculation. Findings: Small 8-mm right apical pneumothorax is unchanged in this patient who still\n has a right chest tube. Left fissural loculation has completely resolved. \n The right jugular line ends in upper atrium.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13171410/s51163175/abbc56f7-3569a197-33b68a76-2649b730-79cbcd28.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d3b50fe0-bdb73c16-16774a7d-bbc6b279-63984407", "study_id": 50457687, "subject_id": 13332630, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Specifically, no\n pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Low lung\n volumes results in bronchovascular crowding. The lungs are clear without\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13332630/s50457687/d3b50fe0-bdb73c16-16774a7d-bbc6b279-63984407.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fa919722-4eea7a12-2806e18f-f9050528-40aa3f3b", "study_id": 53520081, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: Interval exchange of the tracheostomy tube.\n \n No pneumothorax identified. Suspected trace right pleural effusion. Findings: A tracheostomy tube is present projecting over the thoracic inlet. The tip of\n a right central venous catheter projects over the cavoatrial junction.\n \n No focal consolidation or pneumothorax identified. A trace right pleural\n effusion is suspected.\n \n The size of the cardiac silhouette is enlarged but unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s53520081/fa919722-4eea7a12-2806e18f-f9050528-40aa3f3b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8a6f765-ffcff546-a4d433d1-fe00ebbf-978fb111", "study_id": 55387962, "subject_id": 15911529, "report": "impression: 1. Moderate left pleural effusion, which is re-accumulated since ___ but appears similar to ___.\n \n 2. Mild pulmonary vascular congestion/ interstitial edema. Findings: There is a left pectoral pacemaker with 3 leads, unchanged in position. A\n moderate right pleural effusion has reaccumulated since the most recent prior\n study, which is similar in appearance to ___. There is mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion/ interstitial edema. No left pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac silhouette remains enlarged. There is mild\n calcification of the aortic knob.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15911529/s55387962/c8a6f765-ffcff546-a4d433d1-fe00ebbf-978fb111.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3f89e108-89fa407d-26628871-8e8731be-02819429", "study_id": 55757032, "subject_id": 12056668, "report": "impression: Moderate bilateral pleural effusions, not significantly changed\n from prior. No free air below the diaphragm. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous exam from\n ___. When compared to prior, there has been no significant\n interval change in the size of the bilateral pleural effusions. There is no\n significant pulmonary vascular engorgement. Cardiac silhouette is grossly\n unchanged but limited due to bibasilar abnormalities. Hypertrophic changes\n are again seen in the spine. G-tube not clearly identified. No free air\n identified below the diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12056668/s55757032/3f89e108-89fa407d-26628871-8e8731be-02819429.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a686ceb-f01792db-cdba870c-da79a22f-f34265ea", "study_id": 54047608, "subject_id": 11068484, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. Findings most consistent with volume overload. However,\n concurrent infection cannot be excluded. This patient could benefit from a\n chest CT non-emergently. Findings: Lung volumes remain low. Silhouetting of the left hemidiaphragm and blunting\n of the left costophrenic angle is new compared to the prior exam and suggest\n presence of small pleural effusion. Is probably also atelectasis. There is\n moderate pulmonary edema. Heart size is probably a moderate to severely\n enlarged, even in the setting of low lung volumes and portable technique. \n Elevation of the right hemidiaphragm is unchanged. Severe pulmonary vascular\n engorgement is overall unchanged. Right infrahilar opacity may reflect\n combination of atelectasis, edema. Concurrent infection cannot be excluded. \n No pneumothorax. Extensive aortic knob calcifications are unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11068484/s54047608/5a686ceb-f01792db-cdba870c-da79a22f-f34265ea.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "33d1d839-1473585f-86e05cdd-4b4ca0f9-c617aefe", "study_id": 54475799, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia.\n Known malignancy not really appreciated Findings: The lungs are clear, there is no evidence of pneumonia and there are no\n pleural effusions. The cardiomediastinal shilhouette and hila are normal.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s54475799/33d1d839-1473585f-86e05cdd-4b4ca0f9-c617aefe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "aa678f37-2090bcc4-eac84811-637bb4f7-f96c6370", "study_id": 52933933, "subject_id": 16942853, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16942853/s52933933/aa678f37-2090bcc4-eac84811-637bb4f7-f96c6370.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7040c81a-7489e2f9-9e6f51a9-f0745c64-d937fa22", "study_id": 51281091, "subject_id": 17290008, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Chronic-appearing deformity at the distal right clavicle. Correlate with\n site of pain. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lungs are\n clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. A\n chronic-appearing deformity is seen at the distal right clavicle, correlate\n for site of pain.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17290008/s51281091/7040c81a-7489e2f9-9e6f51a9-f0745c64-d937fa22.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "74fb5360-e5fd0fe8-a6ec7e2a-b9567e77-7f9fb1de", "study_id": 56625524, "subject_id": 16529785, "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. There are no focal opacities\n suggestive of pneumonia. Cavitary lesion with adjacent scarring is seen in the\n right upper lobe periphery, unchanged from ___. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mild pectus excavatum is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16529785/s56625524/74fb5360-e5fd0fe8-a6ec7e2a-b9567e77-7f9fb1de.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9461c88d-83a7702b-d089e66a-73f4da4a-768bc8e7", "study_id": 50920453, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "impression: Ill-defined opacity projecting over the periphery of the lingula is concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. An ill-defined nodular opacity projecting over\n the periphery of the lingula is noted, not seen clearly on the lateral view.\n Right lung is clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours and\n pleural surfaces are normal. No pleural effusions or pneumothorax is present.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s50920453/9461c88d-83a7702b-d089e66a-73f4da4a-768bc8e7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7ece76d5-4de53231-dc9bc951-c27b8a9c-00694cc8", "study_id": 50393864, "subject_id": 13571108, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there may be small\n improvement in the degree of pleural effusions since the intervening\n procedure. No definite pneumothorax. Right lung remains clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13571108/s50393864/7ece76d5-4de53231-dc9bc951-c27b8a9c-00694cc8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "96783e57-b5dd59af-319563e6-f8f155cf-ffa2de57", "study_id": 56972774, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes with improving bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Assessment of the apices is somewhat\n obscured by the patient's chin and soft tissues of the neck projecting over\n and obscuring this region. The heart size appears unchanged, which is within\n normal limits. There does appear to be a left ventricular predominance. The\n mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. There is crowding of the\n bronchovascular structures as a result of low lung volumes. Streaky opacities\n in the lung bases likely reflect atelectasis, and appear improved compared to\n the previous radiograph. No pleural effusion or focal consolidation is seen. \n There is no pneumothorax. Numerous clips are demonstrated in the left upper\n quadrant of the abdomen. Diffuse demineralization of the osseous structures\n is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s56972774/96783e57-b5dd59af-319563e6-f8f155cf-ffa2de57.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "317e7630-52d0ab79-4239d66c-35065bf1-3202618a", "study_id": 51336149, "subject_id": 12184969, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is no change or\n evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. No pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion.\n \n As on the previous study, there is mild hyperexpansion of the lungs, raising\n the possibility of some underlying chronic pulmonary disease.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12184969/s51336149/317e7630-52d0ab79-4239d66c-35065bf1-3202618a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "05c6f437-00c5dd3e-2c78d21e-40683522-8e9ff770", "study_id": 57044212, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "impression: Bilateral multifocal nodules with left lower lobe consolidation\n and small left base pleural effusion. These bilateral nodules are consistent\n with septic emboli or new opportunistic infection, while the left lower lobe\n consolidation might be penumonia.\n Findings were discussed with Dr ___ at 6:12 pm by Dr ___ Findings: All the monitoring and support devices are unchanged and in\n standard position, in particular right IJ catheter and in lower SVC. Left\n subclavian PICC ends in lower SVC. ET tube ends at 4 cm from carina. NG tube\n ends in gastric cavity, but the tip is not visualized. As compared to\n yesterday, lung volumes are persistently low with left retrocardiac \n consolidation and multiple bilateral nodules in the mid and upper lungs. The\n largest in the right upper lobe of 25 mm. These bilateral nodules are\n consistent with septic emboli or new opportunistic infection. The left lower\n lobe consolidation is suspicious for pneumonia. Persistent small pleural\n effusion on the left base. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. \n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s57044212/05c6f437-00c5dd3e-2c78d21e-40683522-8e9ff770.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8b292385-a084a6ef-4fbb970f-f117f041-c4e194d0", "study_id": 58891473, "subject_id": 14429763, "report": "impression: Improving left basilar atelectasis. Small bilateral pleural\n effusions. Findings: Cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged but stable in size. \n Pulmonary vascularity is normal. Improving opacity in left retrocardiac\n region is likely due to atelectasis. Small pleural effusions are present\n bilaterally. Indwelling devices are unchanged in position.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14429763/s58891473/8b292385-a084a6ef-4fbb970f-f117f041-c4e194d0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7a12e8a5-770ebdb4-2304e41d-535a3f1c-7409884f", "study_id": 59665820, "subject_id": 13731472, "report": "impression: Mild fluid overload. Compared to the study from ___ years prior the amount of\n CHF is less. Findings: The heart size is moderately enlarged but is less prominent than on the study\n from ___ years prior. There is mild pulmonary vascular redistribution. There\n is increased opacity at both bases compatible with volume loss/early\n infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13731472/s59665820/7a12e8a5-770ebdb4-2304e41d-535a3f1c-7409884f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0cf07bf-52eaa447-3c2c74a7-55295a62-a962b099", "study_id": 56242356, "subject_id": 16136825, "report": "impression: Normal chest x-ray. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no effusion, consolidation, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormalities\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16136825/s56242356/f0cf07bf-52eaa447-3c2c74a7-55295a62-a962b099.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ef655573-89dd6218-2a5e356d-fa86183f-4ec13d35", "study_id": 58712687, "subject_id": 11686207, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Biapical scarring is again seen. The lungs are otherwise clear. \n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11686207/s58712687/ef655573-89dd6218-2a5e356d-fa86183f-4ec13d35.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ded930f3-a5938b06-618826ab-3d33015c-0825424e", "study_id": 57239326, "subject_id": 11216230, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. Prominent\n bilateral interstitial markings are stable from prior exam. The cardiac\n silhouette is normal in size. Multiple bilateral rib deformities reflect\n prior fractures.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11216230/s57239326/ded930f3-a5938b06-618826ab-3d33015c-0825424e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8e7e260-db17e49d-5a6fdba5-6ae4bb12-73abeec9", "study_id": 50248902, "subject_id": 11469724, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process, including no evidence of\n pneumothorax. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal\n cardiomediastinal silhouette. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. \n There is no consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11469724/s50248902/d8e7e260-db17e49d-5a6fdba5-6ae4bb12-73abeec9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb19438f-641f1bf4-e5b7d045-351ae8c3-892e9013", "study_id": 59001230, "subject_id": 10617538, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Right sided Port-A-Cath tip terminates in the mid SVC. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Calcified bilateral hilar lymph\n nodes are re- demonstrated. Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous\n abnormality is detected. Heterogeneous appearance of the T12 vertebral body\n is better seen on the prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10617538/s59001230/cb19438f-641f1bf4-e5b7d045-351ae8c3-892e9013.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0ec69750-0632a3fd-75f5556a-63efc651-c2d582f3", "study_id": 57605743, "subject_id": 11641663, "report": "No previous images. Mild streaks of atelectasis at the left base,\n but otherwise, there is no evidence of acute pneumonia, vascular congestion,\n or pleural effusion. There are low lung volumes and some tortuosity of the\n aorta.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11641663/s57605743/0ec69750-0632a3fd-75f5556a-63efc651-c2d582f3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "88877d10-188b5a1e-d99e6d09-75236a50-63e30ee8", "study_id": 59122716, "subject_id": 11135350, "report": "AP and lateral views of the chest.\n \n The right lung is clear. There is obscuration of the left hemidiaphragm,\n which is clearly seen on prior and could be due to underlying left basilar\n atelectasis or pneumonia. Increased opacity over the spine on the lateral\n view is likely in part due to degenerative, the tortuous descending thoracic\n aorta and hilar vasculature, although superimposed component of overlying\n consolidation is also possible in this region. Atherosclerotic calcifications\n are noted at the aortic arch. There is a sliver of lucency projecting over\n the upper abdomen to the left of midline. This is of could be due to\n pneumomediastinum or potentially free intraperitoneal air. Consider repeat\n examination with a chest x-ray with PA technique if possible. Otherwise, CT\n scan may be necessary. \n \n Findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 5:35 p.m. on ___ by Dr.\n ___ ___ the phone 2 minutes after time of discovery.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11135350/s59122716/88877d10-188b5a1e-d99e6d09-75236a50-63e30ee8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "999a39cb-f40385f6-572e068e-ea67663b-8adb5431", "study_id": 54669301, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Right lower lung opacity compatible with pneumonia. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs show a subtle opacity in the left\n lung base compatible with pneumonia. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged. The cardiac, hilar, and\n mediastinal contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s54669301/999a39cb-f40385f6-572e068e-ea67663b-8adb5431.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "00768144-dfeb6fc1-56e7b784-7441d569-b86bc4fa", "study_id": 52545368, "subject_id": 15768537, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear without\n consolidation, effusion or pulmonary vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is normal. No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15768537/s52545368/00768144-dfeb6fc1-56e7b784-7441d569-b86bc4fa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbe7847a-18f0d974-62009a61-82ad2ee0-91ca809e", "study_id": 53870816, "subject_id": 14482820, "report": "impression: 1. New ETT is seen 1.5 cm above the carina and should be pulled back. Findings: Since ___, with tip of a new endotracheal tube is a 1.5 cm above the\n carina. Mild pulmonary congestion, small left pleural effusion, and left\n basilar atelectasis is unchanged. Heart size is top normal. Positioning of\n the right internal jugular venous line is unchanged. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14482820/s53870816/bbe7847a-18f0d974-62009a61-82ad2ee0-91ca809e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdd10576-222e8177-96e5f4ff-ecd5413a-66d01a79", "study_id": 50384009, "subject_id": 15479108, "report": "impression: No radiographic findings to suggest the presence of sarcoid or\n tuberculosis. Findings: Heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits\n and without change. Lungs are clear except for a small linear focus of\n atelectasis of scar at the left lung base. No pleural effusion or acute\n skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15479108/s50384009/fdd10576-222e8177-96e5f4ff-ecd5413a-66d01a79.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "31dac8b8-5dfaf3ad-e6f8e77c-78ea6c22-9e1fbc68", "study_id": 54449297, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: OG tube tip is not well visualized beyond the upper SVC level. Consider KUB\n to further evaluate course of NG tube Findings: OG tube tip is not well visualized beyond gastroesophageal junction. Consider\n KUB to further evaluate course of NG tube. No significant interval change in\n bilateral pleural effusions and atelectasis and pulmonary edema compared to\n chest radiograph performed earlier on the same day. Cardiac size is enlarged.\n There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s54449297/31dac8b8-5dfaf3ad-e6f8e77c-78ea6c22-9e1fbc68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b44fb02a-f784c183-f64902ef-a17d7453-69968006", "study_id": 57616637, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s57616637/b44fb02a-f784c183-f64902ef-a17d7453-69968006.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6acb1d9f-c6550f88-03c6298f-563395d2-fbb64a14", "study_id": 53302727, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is increasing\n opacification at the right base consistent with effusion and atelectasis. \n Mild atelectatic changes are seen at the right base. Continued enlargement of\n the cardiac silhouette with evidence of increased pulmonary venous pressure.\n \n The large mass in the right upper zone displacing the trachea to the left is\n again seen.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s53302727/6acb1d9f-c6550f88-03c6298f-563395d2-fbb64a14.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c20cd93-cbf30533-1459577c-278ce3b2-46750f47", "study_id": 50575681, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is minimally improved\n ventilation at the lung apices. Otherwise, the lung parenchyma has an\n unchanged appearance. Unchanged size of the cardiac silhouette. Unchanged\n presence of extensive bilateral pleural effusions and subsequent areas of\n atelectasis. Unchanged appearance of the cardiac silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s50575681/4c20cd93-cbf30533-1459577c-278ce3b2-46750f47.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "65863386-93ba861b-edce159d-5d6bc336-734e0cc1", "study_id": 58531102, "subject_id": 18577540, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Bony structures\n are unremarkable. There has been no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18577540/s58531102/65863386-93ba861b-edce159d-5d6bc336-734e0cc1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9036335-d38187db-397f1b39-3e749eed-e4c6307c", "study_id": 53465460, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the large right superior\n mediastinal mass is again seen displacing the trachea to the left. Monitoring\n and support devices remain in place. The right hemidiaphragm is not as\n sharply seen as on prior images. This could merely reflect atelectasis and\n effusion, though pneumonia would have to be considered in the appropriate\n clinical setting.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s53465460/f9036335-d38187db-397f1b39-3e749eed-e4c6307c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9e0e4686-1372bf57-292f7d25-12a3bc81-945870b4", "study_id": 58548470, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes. Bibasilar patchy opacities may reflect atelectasis but\n infection is not excluded. Small left pleural effusion and possible trace\n right pleural effusion. No overt pulmonary edema. Findings: Lung volumes are reduced. This accentuates the size of the cardiac silhouette\n which is mildly enlarged. Crowding of the bronchovascular structures is also\n demonstrated, without overt pulmonary edema noted. The mediastinal contour is\n unremarkable. Bibasilar patchy opacities may reflect atelectasis though\n infection is not excluded. There appears to be a trace left pleural effusion,\n and a small right pleural effusion cannot be excluded. No pneumothorax is\n seen. There are multiple clips demonstrated within the left upper quadrant of\n the abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s58548470/9e0e4686-1372bf57-292f7d25-12a3bc81-945870b4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cbfd7625-9544bc09-c925c328-d7fe32ae-a29d64ef", "study_id": 58651071, "subject_id": 11307058, "report": "impression: small bilateral effusions, increased compared to prior. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouette appear similar compared to the study\n from 3 days ago. There small bilateral pleural effusions which have slightly\n increased in the interval. This is particularly apparent on the lateral\n films. Otherwise no significant change. There is no focal infiltrate.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11307058/s58651071/cbfd7625-9544bc09-c925c328-d7fe32ae-a29d64ef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2602a49c-e35b125f-82408969-f68eb85c-9735bc8b", "study_id": 55772608, "subject_id": 14482820, "report": "impression: Linear atelectasis in the lingula. No focal consolidation. Findings: The right lung is clear. There is linear atelectasis in the lingula. No\n focal consolidation is seen. The cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are within normal limits. Calcifications of the aortic arch is again\n noted. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes\n are seen at the bilateral acromioclavicular joints.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14482820/s55772608/2602a49c-e35b125f-82408969-f68eb85c-9735bc8b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0296c965-747a37f9-3ac114b7-bbbc8820-43ca361b", "study_id": 56333260, "subject_id": 14538897, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation or effusion. Opacities at the cardiophrenic angles bilaterally\n are thought to represent prominent fat pads. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n within normal limits. Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous. Atherosclerotic\n calcifications noted at the aortic arch. No acute osseous abnormality is\n detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14538897/s56333260/0296c965-747a37f9-3ac114b7-bbbc8820-43ca361b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bf8bed6d-ee8d4d92-df4bc99c-0733597b-e4a90442", "study_id": 59217802, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: Since prior radiograph acquired ___ hours apart, bilateral, extensive,\n pulmonary opacities concerning for pulmonary edema/ARDS/hemorrhage is overall\n unchanged in severity. A concurrent infection cannot be ruled out. Findings: Since prior radiograph acquired ___ hours apart, bilateral, diffuse and\n confluent opacities show asymmetric changes with mild improvement in the right\n and worsening in left lung, overall unchanged in severity. Heart size and\n mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s59217802/bf8bed6d-ee8d4d92-df4bc99c-0733597b-e4a90442.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "217bddf4-50e50848-b90e6afd-2a88f6ed-1a208f57", "study_id": 59005527, "subject_id": 13671677, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is seen with lead extending the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13671677/s59005527/217bddf4-50e50848-b90e6afd-2a88f6ed-1a208f57.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "a5ae71de-54cbb819-a5beec7b-4134871f-563b0982", "study_id": 55925366, "subject_id": 13894716, "report": "impression: Lines and tubes essentially unchanged. No pneumothorax detected.\n \n Mild to moderate cardiomegaly without significant change.\n \n CHF with interstitial and probably some degree of alveolar edema.\n \n Persistent left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation.\n \n Hazy density at right greater left bases is suggestive of layering pleural\n effusions, more pronounced than on the prior film.\n \n Possibility of new collapse and/or consolidation at the right base laterally\n cannot be excluded. Findings: Allowing for differences in positioning, the ET tube NG tube and 2 right IJ\n lines are probably similar in position. Again seen is mild to moderate\n cardiomegaly and CHF with vascular plethora an interstitial edema. Small\n amount of alveolar edema would be difficult to exclude. Retrocardiac opacity\n consistent with left lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation is unchanged.\n \n There is increased hazy density over the right over lower half of the right\n lung and to some degree at the left base. I suspect this reflects layering\n pleural effusions. Presence of progressed collapse and/or consolidation at\n the right base laterally cannot be excluded.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13894716/s55925366/a5ae71de-54cbb819-a5beec7b-4134871f-563b0982.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08895756-28628f43-7bb6fa61-72737637-e90ef342", "study_id": 51507599, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s51507599/08895756-28628f43-7bb6fa61-72737637-e90ef342.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f9f2994d-0072f6aa-32cf61c7-af016a0a-5e32b37a", "study_id": 52347962, "subject_id": 10750092, "report": "Comparison is made to previous study from ___.\n \n There is an endotracheal tube whose tip is 3.3 cm above the carina. This\n could be pulled back 1-2 cm for more optimal placement. There is a\n nasogastric tube whose side port is near the GE junction. This could be\n advanced several centimeters for more optimal placement. There is stable\n cardiomegaly and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. There is some slight\n prominence of pulmonary vascular markings and some atelectasis versus\n developing infiltrate at the right base. No pneumothoraces are present.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10750092/s52347962/f9f2994d-0072f6aa-32cf61c7-af016a0a-5e32b37a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b4edb71-42dc3068-0b5afbd8-6d1b2b45-34e992a3", "study_id": 59234160, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: Left hydropneumothorax. Significant interval increase in left\n basilar opacity, likely left pleural effusion with overlying atelectasis,\n underlying consolidation not excluded. Left perihilar opacity may relate to\n the above findings. However, underlying lymphadenopathy or additional\n consolidation is not excluded. Air-fluid level seen in the left upper\n hemithorax, which appears longer in the frontal view than on the lateral view\n can be seen in bronchopleural fistula. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Increased\n left basilar opacity has significantly increased likely large left pleural\n effusion with overlying atelectasis. Small left pneumothorax persists. \n Prominence of the left hilum may relate to left-sided pleural fluid; however,\n underlying lymphadenopathy or consolidation is not excluded. Left aspect of\n the cardiac silhouette is not well assessed due to the left basilar\n consolidation; however, the remainder of the cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s59234160/9b4edb71-42dc3068-0b5afbd8-6d1b2b45-34e992a3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fadf202c-b58902f4-74479a47-d1cb4e1f-f67332ba", "study_id": 53816282, "subject_id": 12932866, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe lesion containing a fudicial marker, not significantly changed\n from the prior study. Probable bibasilar atelectasis though infection is\n difficult to exclude. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable\n with atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic arch again noted. A fudicial\n seed is again seen within a posterior left lower lobe lesion, compatible with\n known malignancy status post CyberKnife therapy. Minimal streaky bibasilar\n opacities likely reflect atelectasis, though infection is difficult to\n exclude. There is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is present. Multiple clips\n are again seen within the upper abdomen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12932866/s53816282/fadf202c-b58902f4-74479a47-d1cb4e1f-f67332ba.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd887488-95c00556-1dbb3798-7a3c05a2-0c60eacc", "study_id": 50263751, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Stable retrocardiac opacity compatible with scarring in the\n left lower lobe. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Chronic scarring in the left\n lower lobe accounts for retrocardiac opacity. No new consolidation is seen. No\n evidence of edema, large effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the right\n hemidiaphragm", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s50263751/fd887488-95c00556-1dbb3798-7a3c05a2-0c60eacc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47f219cd-ee0df4e1-99b8c50c-fb71ca0a-bebff3ec", "study_id": 55294938, "subject_id": 14998555, "report": "impression: 1. Bibasilar opacities may represent atelectasis or aspiration.\n 2. Subcutaneous emphysema along the right lateral chest/upper abdominal wall,\n which should be correlated with site of recent surgery/instrumentation. Findings: There are bibasilar opacities that may reflect atelectasis or aspiration in\n the appropriate clinical setting. No other focal consolidation. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly. No acute osseous\n abnormalities are identified. Subcutaneous emphysema is partially imaged\n along the right lateral chest/upper abdominal wall.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14998555/s55294938/47f219cd-ee0df4e1-99b8c50c-fb71ca0a-bebff3ec.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1ad714a9-437bbce6-a694ad02-05512130-333e99af", "study_id": 52544664, "subject_id": 17079101, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. Lateral\n views are suboptimal due to patient positioning and underpenetration. It is\n difficult to exclude bilateral pleural effusions. Low lung volumes persist on\n the frontal view, with elevated right hemidiaphragm. There is prominence of\n the interstitium, suggesting interstitial edema. The cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are stable. Surgical clips project over the right aspect of the\n mediastinum.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17079101/s52544664/1ad714a9-437bbce6-a694ad02-05512130-333e99af.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8ed41ce-17515a53-f87a1b13-1d6f9a5d-b671911a", "study_id": 57709090, "subject_id": 15457032, "report": "impression: No pneumonia, edema or effusion.\n \n Dr. ___ ___ a message with Dr. ___ office with the requested wet read\n at 12:41 p.m. on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15457032/s57709090/e8ed41ce-17515a53-f87a1b13-1d6f9a5d-b671911a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "32de4fe2-db7905e0-235c099f-a12e4212-284542bd", "study_id": 57308986, "subject_id": 17933711, "report": "impression: Stable chest findings with mild cardiac enlargement and mild\n degree of pulmonary congestion, but absence of advanced CHF or acute pulmonary\n infiltrates. No pleural effusions are seen. Findings: PA and lateral chest views were obtained with patient in upright\n position. Analysis is performed in direct comparison with the next preceding\n similar study of ___. The previously described mild degree of\n cardiac enlargement persists. There is no typical configurational\n abnormality; however, the left ventricular contour is relatively prominent. \n Again noted is an upper zone pulmonary vascular redistribution pattern\n indicative of mild pulmonary congestion, but there are no signs of advanced\n interstitial or alveolar edema. Also, the lateral and posterior pleural\n sinuses are free from any pleural effusion. No discrete local parenchymal\n infiltrates can be identified. No pneumothorax exists in the apical area on\n frontal view. Skeletal structures of the thorax remain grossly unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17933711/s57308986/32de4fe2-db7905e0-235c099f-a12e4212-284542bd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be18562e-74237b2c-c9ebfcb8-ba1b5c02-7b949433", "study_id": 56377178, "subject_id": 13196707, "report": "impression: 1.The Dobbhoff tube terminates in the stomach.\n \n 2. Worsening right atelectasis and pleural effusion. Findings: The Dobbhoff tube terminates in the stomach. The right IJ central venous\n catheter terminates in caval atrial junction.\n \n Lung volume is small. The right atelectasis and pleural effusion has\n increased. The left atelectasis is unchanged. The left costophrenic angle is\n out of view. The lungs are otherwise clear. The cardiac silhouette is\n enlarged and unchanged. The mediastinum is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13196707/s56377178/be18562e-74237b2c-c9ebfcb8-ba1b5c02-7b949433.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8e719f66-0c603da9-c93cc5c7-41574b5d-7e6cf099", "study_id": 53957652, "subject_id": 14954732, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear. There is no\n pneumothorax or pleural effusion. The osseous structures are unremarkable", "image_path": [ "p14/p14954732/s53957652/8e719f66-0c603da9-c93cc5c7-41574b5d-7e6cf099.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9b8e858a-9dcf3d99-30cd9e93-a545b503-a374c56f", "study_id": 52381069, "subject_id": 17978047, "report": "impression: Stable appearance of the chest without evidence for acute abnormalities. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly and a calcified aorta are again seen. The lungs remain\n hyperinflated, and central pulmonary arteries remain prominent. Thin linear\n opacities at the lateral left base on the PA view are similar to prior,\n compatible with atelectasis or scarring. There is no evidence for pulmonary\n consolidation, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. There are\n degenerative changes and dextroconvex scoliosis in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17978047/s52381069/9b8e858a-9dcf3d99-30cd9e93-a545b503-a374c56f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7350b13-4a95608f-6f277ab2-575e6d61-37cee493", "study_id": 54998180, "subject_id": 18528269, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs are\n hyperinflated and clear. No effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart and\n mediastinal contours are normal. Bony structures are intact. No free air\n below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18528269/s54998180/c7350b13-4a95608f-6f277ab2-575e6d61-37cee493.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06e2fd1d-35c95f84-e6021f4a-4611a14e-a4b9a693", "study_id": 57395441, "subject_id": 11068484, "report": "impression: No change. Findings: Compared to the prior study there is no significant interval change.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11068484/s57395441/06e2fd1d-35c95f84-e6021f4a-4611a14e-a4b9a693.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd93f5ed-8955a049-e8718dc7-1ed931f6-00410869", "study_id": 56868936, "subject_id": 13866250, "report": "At the level of the middle lobe, on both the frontal and the\n lateral radiograph, findings indicating pneumonia are seen. The right heart\n border is obliterated, there is increased density in the middle lobe on the\n lateral radiograph. \n \n No pleural effusions. No other pathologic findings. Borderline size of the\n cardiac silhouette, normal hilar and mediastinal contours. \n \n A wet read was delivered at the time of image acquisition, ___,\n 6:02 p.m.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13866250/s56868936/cd93f5ed-8955a049-e8718dc7-1ed931f6-00410869.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e619f4bc-6a72c001-18ee8e31-b4b41aa1-3f57cbc5", "study_id": 52770480, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: Subtle increased opacity within the left perihilar region and upper lung,\n which could be secondary to pneumonia. Findings: The heart size is normal. Lung volumes are low, resulting and pulmonary\n vascular crowding, otherwise the hilar and mediastinal contours are\n unremarkable. There is subtle increased opacity within the left perihilar\n region and upper lung. Streaky atelectasis is seen at the left lung base. \n There is no pneumothorax, or pleural effusion. The visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s52770480/e619f4bc-6a72c001-18ee8e31-b4b41aa1-3f57cbc5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "904cd93c-1da40b8a-14194a57-7ba145c9-66af87e3", "study_id": 58789604, "subject_id": 17660889, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices remain in place. Continued enlargement of the cardiac silhouettes\n with some improvement in pulmonary edema. The area of increased opacification\n at the right base is not definitely appreciated. Poor definition of the left\n hemidiaphragm is consistent with some volume loss in the left lower lobe or\n possible supervening pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17660889/s58789604/904cd93c-1da40b8a-14194a57-7ba145c9-66af87e3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d654d073-7c55a18f-ede777f5-b8b0cd35-4d8a1782", "study_id": 56837754, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged. \n Prominence of the inferior right hila is similar to prior.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s56837754/d654d073-7c55a18f-ede777f5-b8b0cd35-4d8a1782.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ca37ce49-8fdec0d6-4dc2466b-44543962-762cad72", "study_id": 56979948, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "Interval re-positioning of left PICC, now terminating in the\n proximal superior vena cava. Other devices are unchanged in position. Heart\n size remains normal. Multifocal pulmonary opacities in the mid and lower\n lungs appear relatively similar to the prior study allowing for patient\n rotation. Moderate-to-large pleural effusions are again demonstrated, with\n apparent slight improvement on the right. Diffuse haziness of upper abdomen\n is suggestive of ascites.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s56979948/ca37ce49-8fdec0d6-4dc2466b-44543962-762cad72.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cb4af14c-7c3258e3-157f685e-c1cc0471-fe3eb0ec", "study_id": 54498314, "subject_id": 11614040, "report": "impression: 1. Minimal left apical pneumothorax.\n \n 2. Interval increase of moderate left pleural effusion.\n \n These findings were discussed with ___ ___ by Dr. ___ via\n telephone on ___ at 2:52 p.m., at time of discovery. Findings: As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, there has\n been interval increase of moderate left pleural effusion and increased\n atelectasis at the left lower lung. There is a small right pleural effusion.\n Minimal amount of apical left pneumothorax persists. A right Port-A-Cath\n catheter tip terminates at the cavoatrial junction.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11614040/s54498314/cb4af14c-7c3258e3-157f685e-c1cc0471-fe3eb0ec.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c8dca367-d7fe3dc0-4c52aca3-18ba96b0-06ac98ad", "study_id": 59664377, "subject_id": 17465363, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence for TB . Findings: There is no consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal size. There is a\n well-circumscribed ovoid density in the posterior right eighth rib, consistent\n with a bone island seen on prior CT.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17465363/s59664377/c8dca367-d7fe3dc0-4c52aca3-18ba96b0-06ac98ad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d8209cf-367611d8-dedd4a43-a8026be1-e639022d", "study_id": 57545492, "subject_id": 15902493, "report": "Overall little change in comparison to the prior study with continued\n elevation of the right hemidiaphragm and silhouetting of the right heart\n border as well as increased opacity in the right retrocardiac region. There is\n at least partial right lower and middle lobe atelectasis. Cardiomegaly remains\n stable. Left PICC is visualized in the left brachiocephalic vein. \n Tracheostomy tube is shifted to the left due to a large superior mediastinal\n mass shown to be related to the thyroid gland on prior CT scan.\n Ventriculoperitoneal shunt traversing over the right hemithorax appears\n stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15902493/s57545492/1d8209cf-367611d8-dedd4a43-a8026be1-e639022d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "861e6fd8-db9763b1-684e5bf9-a814a02e-e28cca70", "study_id": 55970267, "subject_id": 19366448, "report": "impression: 1. Left internal jugular central venous catheter tip at the confluence of the\n brachiocephalic veins. No pneumothorax.\n 2. Standard positioning of the endotracheal and enteric tubes.\n 3. Improving mild pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Lung volumes remain persistently low. Left internal jugular central venous\n catheter tip terminates at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins. No\n pneumothorax. Endotracheal tube is in standard position terminating\n approximately 4 cm from the carina. Enteric tube courses below the left\n hemidiaphragm, into the stomach and off the inferior borders of the film. \n Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Mild\n pulmonary vascular congestion is slightly improved in the interval. Patchy\n atelectasis is noted in the lung bases. No large pleural effusion is noted\n however the extreme left costophrenic angle is excluded from the field of\n view. No acute osseous abnormalities are detected.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19366448/s55970267/861e6fd8-db9763b1-684e5bf9-a814a02e-e28cca70.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259", "study_id": 51856263, "subject_id": 10174198, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No displaced fractures.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10174198/s51856263/dbd34ffe-85795554-0531cdd9-ac757c62-46a7e259.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a9c54a9-b2e611eb-c5682312-61c0f546-64baeb2f", "study_id": 51242161, "subject_id": 19550692, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Left basal platelike atelectasis. Otherwise lungs are clear. No signs of\n pneumonia or edema. No effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. Bony structures are intact. No free air below the\n right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19550692/s51242161/4a9c54a9-b2e611eb-c5682312-61c0f546-64baeb2f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4a88af4c-72fac00c-58343875-b13bd191-0cc77d0f", "study_id": 51735069, "subject_id": 14795241, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14795241/s51735069/4a88af4c-72fac00c-58343875-b13bd191-0cc77d0f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d9d2b934-5af3b11a-2d1bba0d-44da5876-2f409264", "study_id": 55726489, "subject_id": 14319319, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes, but no evidence of pneumonia. PA and lateral\n views would be helpful, if obtainable. Findings: Portable AP chest radiograph again demonstrates low lung volumes,\n which accentuate the pulmonary vasculature. This may also mask a pneumonia. \n Allowing for this limitation, there is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to\n delineate.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14319319/s55726489/d9d2b934-5af3b11a-2d1bba0d-44da5876-2f409264.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0f7b8c3b-7c10a4d0-859cab1a-c8fb4b4d-86f8b7b5", "study_id": 58334557, "subject_id": 14632685, "report": "impression: Possible minimal pulmonary vascular congestion. No definite focal\n consolidation seen. Gaseous distention of what appears to be the stomach vs\n represent splenic flexure. Correlate clinically. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are relatively\n low lung volumes, which accentuate the bronchovascular markings. Minimal left\n base atelectasis is seen which is less apparent on the second image. The\n aorta is calcified and tortuous. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. \n There may be minimal anterior wedging of a thoracic vertebral body at the\n thoracolumbar junction, of indeterminate age. Very minimal pulmonary vascular\n congestion may be present. There is gaseous distention of what appears to be\n the stomach under the left hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14632685/s58334557/0f7b8c3b-7c10a4d0-859cab1a-c8fb4b4d-86f8b7b5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f33f365d-10d1ff5e-228007f3-863aa1cb-63c0c506", "study_id": 54673619, "subject_id": 11686207, "report": "impression: Old stable, probably specific bilateral apical scar formations,\n moderate cardiac enlargement with mild degree of chronic CHF but no evidence\n of acute pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions. Findings: PA and lateral chest views have been obtained with patient in\n upright position. There is moderate cardiac enlargement and the thoracic\n aorta is generally widened and elongated. Calcium deposits are seen in the\n wall, mostly at the level of the arch. The pulmonary vasculature demonstrates\n an upper zone redistribution pattern, but there is no sign of an advanced\n interstitial or alveolar edema. No evidence of acute infiltrates and the\n lateral pleural sinuses are free. In the apical area, thickened pleural\n structures are noted bilaterally and combined with old scar formations and\n irregular densities in the peripheral portions of the parenchyma in this\n territory. When comparison is made with the next previous examination of\n ___, these changes have not undergone any difference in\n appearance anf represent old inactive specific scars. Comparison\n demonstrates on the other hand that the cardiac size has increased mildly and\n so has the upper zone redistribution pattern. Acute infiltrates are not\n present.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11686207/s54673619/f33f365d-10d1ff5e-228007f3-863aa1cb-63c0c506.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3768928-d3c65e66-107aa29a-3ced465b-6ab722d4", "study_id": 54038226, "subject_id": 19001598, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. No free air under the diaphragms. Findings: The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG. Left-sided\n dual-chamber pacemaker device is seen with leads terminating in the right\n atrium and right ventricle. The heart is normal in size. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are unremarkable. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. Lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities. Multiple spiral radiopaque\n densities within the upper anterior abdominal wall are compatible with prior\n ventral hernia repair. No free air is seen under the diaphragms.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19001598/s54038226/f3768928-d3c65e66-107aa29a-3ced465b-6ab722d4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0529ab99-080ef67b-361cbaf0-1c178d58-07c13add", "study_id": 51327502, "subject_id": 18383430, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: No focal consolidation is seen. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.\n The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18383430/s51327502/0529ab99-080ef67b-361cbaf0-1c178d58-07c13add.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f88a088b-aad99d7b-cad14019-614d2277-b01bb0bb", "study_id": 58081122, "subject_id": 12993646, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12993646/s58081122/f88a088b-aad99d7b-cad14019-614d2277-b01bb0bb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "26ee6ee4-e5bb799b-aa5f201b-b27779ab-636db2a4", "study_id": 51087989, "subject_id": 11921090, "report": "impression: Mild cardiomegaly and interstitial pulmonary edema. Findings: Lung volumes are low. There is a mild interstitial pulmonary edema and mild\n cardiomegaly. Mediastinal wires appear intact numerous surgical clips project\n over the mediastinum. The aortic arch is calcified. There is no large pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11921090/s51087989/26ee6ee4-e5bb799b-aa5f201b-b27779ab-636db2a4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "43a98704-16eea15d-90d9ddae-e5ce78e7-7321540c", "study_id": 54610506, "subject_id": 18788733, "report": "impression: Bibasilar opacities which are most likely atelectasis. Lungs are otherwise\n clear without acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: There are streaky bibasilar opacities likely due to atelectasis in the setting\n of low lung volumes. There is no other region of consolidation, effusion, or\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute\n osseous abnormalities identified. Surgical clips in the right upper quadrant\n suggest prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18788733/s54610506/43a98704-16eea15d-90d9ddae-e5ce78e7-7321540c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "53286e62-dc9dc056-5c468ac4-8d4b9a0d-747d77cd", "study_id": 50866812, "subject_id": 12329950, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable. There is no bony\n abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12329950/s50866812/53286e62-dc9dc056-5c468ac4-8d4b9a0d-747d77cd.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ee82f2ad-31d58c5b-8760e53b-07c17cf2-7ebebc97", "study_id": 55724407, "subject_id": 18711952, "report": "impression: Large left pleural effusion with probable underlying atelectasis noting\n infection cannot be excluded. Pulmonary vascular congestion. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. There is a large left pleural\n effusion. The right lung is clear of consolidation. Trace blunting of the\n posterior costophrenic angles suggest trace effusion. There is mild pulmonary\n vascular congestion. Cardiomediastinal silhouette cannot be assessed given\n silhouetting the left heart border. No acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18711952/s55724407/ee82f2ad-31d58c5b-8760e53b-07c17cf2-7ebebc97.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fe0ef5cf-90e3c227-e3b3602a-280add66-27988ed3", "study_id": 57650946, "subject_id": 17483408, "report": "impression: ET tube 6.8 cm from the carina and could be advanced 2 cm for optimal\n positioning. Enteric tube tip in the gastric body however side-port proximal\n to the GE junction and should be advanced. Findings: Endotracheal tube is seen with tip between the clavicular heads, 6.8 cm from\n the carina. Enteric tube seen with tip in the gastric body however the side\n port is likely proximal to the GE junction. Confluent bilateral parenchymal\n opacities are grossly unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17483408/s57650946/fe0ef5cf-90e3c227-e3b3602a-280add66-27988ed3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "abca1a43-54c24a8a-52ed07b0-5cd250c5-afdc7061", "study_id": 56043754, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Normal view of the chest. Findings: Portable upright chest radiograph demonstrates clear, well expanded\n lungs. There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. \n The cardiac silhouette is normal in size, the mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s56043754/abca1a43-54c24a8a-52ed07b0-5cd250c5-afdc7061.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e1bc298-16d08126-3fb08a26-ede408f7-e024e193", "study_id": 52317337, "subject_id": 15195289, "report": "impression: Stable radiographic appearance of the chest with no acute\n cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormalities. Findings: Heart size is normal and without change. Mediastinal and hilar\n contours are also normal. Lungs and pleural surfaces are clear. No acute\n skeletal findings.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15195289/s52317337/1e1bc298-16d08126-3fb08a26-ede408f7-e024e193.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d360f7b-67dbe66a-c31c23eb-f92e07f9-951ca5df", "study_id": 59597249, "subject_id": 13381744, "report": "impression: Enlarged left hilum; per patient's ED notes, the patient had an\n outpatient CT revealing a left lung mass. Reference to that CT recommended. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest are obtained. The left\n hilum is prominent. No additional areas of consolidation are seen. The right\n lung is clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac\n silhouette is not enlarged. Mediastinum is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13381744/s59597249/6d360f7b-67dbe66a-c31c23eb-f92e07f9-951ca5df.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48069ad7-2198507a-3a1a76f6-2f451959-3323f7de", "study_id": 58825648, "subject_id": 18536624, "report": "impression: New right apical pneumothorax as described above. Unchanged, small, left\n apical pneumothorax. Cardiomegaly unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since\n 4 days prior. Correlation with echocardiogram recommended. Findings: Since the chest radiograph obtained 1 day prior, there has been interval\n removal of the right-sided pleural drainage catheter. Small left apical\n pneumothorax is unchanged. Approximately 1.5 cm right apical pneumothorax is\n new. Cardiomegaly is unchanged since 1 day prior, but new since 4 days prior.\n Increased left lower lobe atelectasis and probably a new, small left pleural\n effusion. A small rounded opacity in the lateral right lung is likely a focus\n of atelectasis or hematoma in the prior location of the pleural drainage\n catheter. Lungs are otherwise fully expanded and clear.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18536624/s58825648/48069ad7-2198507a-3a1a76f6-2f451959-3323f7de.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "16ba2ebd-2cf0b27a-05a2c9ef-d72cf558-6c0b0bb2", "study_id": 52548540, "subject_id": 11890444, "report": "impression: New small bilateral pleural effusions. No radiographic evidence for\n pneumonia. Findings: Heart size is normal. The aorta is mildly tortuous, as seen previously. \n Mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is not\n engorged. Lungs are clear. Small bilateral pleural effusions are new in the\n interval. No focal consolidation is present. There is no pneumothorax. No\n acute osseous abnormality is visualized.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11890444/s52548540/16ba2ebd-2cf0b27a-05a2c9ef-d72cf558-6c0b0bb2.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9878db3c-76b9d4df-5665d4e6-1cfd1b57-819c2daf", "study_id": 51763977, "subject_id": 19553042, "report": "impression: Unchanged pulmonary edema with no change in appearance of bibasilar patchy\n opacities. Infection is not excluded given the correct clinical circumstance. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly, mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are unchanged\n from prior exam. There is persistent mild pulmonary edema and in this setting\n is difficult to discretely identify pneumonia. Bibasilar patchy opacities are\n relatively unchanged compared to prior exam. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19553042/s51763977/9878db3c-76b9d4df-5665d4e6-1cfd1b57-819c2daf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5370ba78-40e007c3-900db6e0-8e30a136-c8d87452", "study_id": 52465162, "subject_id": 18971051, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. The lungs appear clear.\n No focal consolidation, large effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The heart\n appears mildly enlarged with aortic atherosclerosis noted. No bony\n abnormalities. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18971051/s52465162/5370ba78-40e007c3-900db6e0-8e30a136-c8d87452.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17bf6f39-2c117801-91df99f4-7ae12f61-6b286b7a", "study_id": 50956639, "subject_id": 16675957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Asymmetric widening of the left AC\n joint suspicious for type II acromioclavicular dislocation. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is top normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n normal. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. Degenerative changes are noted involving\n both acromioclavicular joints with asymmetric widening of the left AC joint\n measuring up to the 7-8 mm. .", "image_path": [ "p16/p16675957/s50956639/17bf6f39-2c117801-91df99f4-7ae12f61-6b286b7a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6251d8df-ca3dc2ab-d1bc3776-7ebce2ce-7992de95", "study_id": 58248665, "subject_id": 15634260, "report": "No previous images. The tip of the endotracheal tube measures\n approximately 4 cm above the carina. Nasogastric tube extends to the upper\n stomach where it crosses the lower margin of the image. There is enlargement\n of the cardiac silhouette in a patient with intact midline sternal wires. \n Poor definition of pulmonary vessels is consistent with some elevation of\n pulmonary venous pressure. Retrocardiac opacification with obscuration of the\n hemidiaphragm is consistent with volume loss in the left lower lobe and\n probable small pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15634260/s58248665/6251d8df-ca3dc2ab-d1bc3776-7ebce2ce-7992de95.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "be8b213a-9615a5b7-c62d7a30-aa470915-ac96f7ac", "study_id": 58210381, "subject_id": 14083729, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest. The lungs are clear of focal\n consolidation or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal\n limits. No acute osseous abnormalities detected.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14083729/s58210381/be8b213a-9615a5b7-c62d7a30-aa470915-ac96f7ac.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e8d69f7c-a0a4aaaf-1fffa003-792382cb-c70f248e", "study_id": 51468217, "subject_id": 17063660, "report": "impression: Rounded radiopaque structure with the appearance of a ring projects over the\n left upper quadrant on the frontal view, not seen/included on the lateral\n view. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal. \n There is a rounded radiopaque structure with the appearance of the ring seen\n projecting over the left upper quadrant on the frontal view, not included on\n the lateral view.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17063660/s51468217/e8d69f7c-a0a4aaaf-1fffa003-792382cb-c70f248e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b16c6c8b-37296ed9-9ea6fb0b-c9f5c94a-2026dfc3", "study_id": 59853610, "subject_id": 14702127, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs bilaterally. The\n lungs are symmetrically expanded. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema, pneumothorax,\n or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14702127/s59853610/b16c6c8b-37296ed9-9ea6fb0b-c9f5c94a-2026dfc3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "01333584-2ebbca3f-3136e1be-5fd064dc-d79f6e49", "study_id": 55856355, "subject_id": 14062229, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Compared with the prior radiograph, cardiomediastinal silhouette is grossly\n unchanged. Lungs are hyperinflated, but clear, without evidence of focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. Small area of parenchymal\n sparing in the left upper lobe is unchanged. Mild degenerative changes of the\n thoracic spine again seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14062229/s55856355/01333584-2ebbca3f-3136e1be-5fd064dc-d79f6e49.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "db391cbe-733e6800-d302fc4f-9088941c-5412983d", "study_id": 58586249, "subject_id": 18827738, "report": "The feeding tube has a tortuous course with the tip coiled in a hiatal hernia,\n pointed upward in the chest. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18827738/s58586249/db391cbe-733e6800-d302fc4f-9088941c-5412983d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "80ebdd2c-d387828d-89e90960-df690604-91bd8696", "study_id": 56558940, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There\n is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear aside from\n minor unchanged scarring in the lingula.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s56558940/80ebdd2c-d387828d-89e90960-df690604-91bd8696.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "7f934ace-2c4405ac-5ed77284-8dcc985f-175950c0", "study_id": 58431125, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is still diffuse\n pulmonary opacifications, though they have decreased since the prior study. \n Monitoring and support devices remain in place.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s58431125/7f934ace-2c4405ac-5ed77284-8dcc985f-175950c0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "eb496f4c-741d24e7-3fded885-0de89352-634e6cca", "study_id": 54026889, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP semi-upright and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n There are low lung volumes, though allowing for this, the lungs are clear\n bilaterally with no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. A small\n calcified granuloma in the right lower lung is re-demonstrated with a stable\n appearance. There is no evidence of CHF. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Fixation hardware is noted in the lower C-spine. Bony structures\n appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s54026889/eb496f4c-741d24e7-3fded885-0de89352-634e6cca.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fbaa97f-bf02c806-cdfb8891-8e156d0d-35b03261", "study_id": 51310684, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal. A 6-mm nodule in the right lower lung is unchanged since\n ___, compatible with a calcified granuloma. Cervical spinal hardware is\n incompletely evaluated on this study.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s51310684/1fbaa97f-bf02c806-cdfb8891-8e156d0d-35b03261.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8bae8ab0-e159b156-5842575c-b4b8c1ae-e9c64339", "study_id": 59460245, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: Bilateral moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema has worsened over last 24 hours. Findings: Endotracheal tube ends approximately 4 cm above the carina and is appropriate.\n Right internal jugular line terminates at mid SVC. An orogastric tube is seen\n to course below the level of the diaphragm into the stomach; however, distal\n end is beyond the view of radiograph. Bilateral, diffuse, lung opacities\n reflecting moderate-to-severe pulmonary edema, improved between ___ and\n ___, but since then has minimally worsened. Top normal sized heart,\n mediastinal and hilar contours are stable in appearance.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s59460245/8bae8ab0-e159b156-5842575c-b4b8c1ae-e9c64339.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cdbffb1b-b48fd807-aadb1f9f-0acda7ba-dd92b80a", "study_id": 59005527, "subject_id": 13671677, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Dual lead left-sided pacemaker is seen with lead extending the expected\n positions of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen. The\n cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13671677/s59005527/cdbffb1b-b48fd807-aadb1f9f-0acda7ba-dd92b80a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "acf8db28-7be06aa5-dec86122-ecb7e055-f198a3f8", "study_id": 50064627, "subject_id": 10401700, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema. Partially imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10401700/s50064627/acf8db28-7be06aa5-dec86122-ecb7e055-f198a3f8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b2dcef8d-c2328b84-d47a7ecc-042df2f7-4aab73c7", "study_id": 55911809, "subject_id": 15303282, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiograph. No evidence of active tuberculosis. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate unremarkable\n cardiomediastinal contours. The lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax identified. No osseous abnormality.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15303282/s55911809/b2dcef8d-c2328b84-d47a7ecc-042df2f7-4aab73c7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "93d7f4a0-4ecb302c-972b3d65-e37fe54d-0c1e5f27", "study_id": 59454021, "subject_id": 15187487, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there are again low lung\n volumes that accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart and tortuosity of\n the aorta. No evidence of acute focal pneumonia, vascular congestion, or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187487/s59454021/93d7f4a0-4ecb302c-972b3d65-e37fe54d-0c1e5f27.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fa79752-9ddaf5b5-2120ae82-9fec50d6-51f48d1f", "study_id": 51180958, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "No evidence of consolidation to suggest pneumonia is seen. There\n is some retrocardiac atelectasis. A small left pleural effusion may be\n present. No pneumothorax is seen. No pulmonary edema. A right granuloma is\n unchanged. The heart is mildly enlarged, unchanged. There is tortuosity of\n the aorta.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s51180958/1fa79752-9ddaf5b5-2120ae82-9fec50d6-51f48d1f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "06b75236-ced07b2e-79c9e581-f467c788-1f9b791f", "study_id": 57036456, "subject_id": 19254322, "report": "impression: Post-treatment changes in the left lung correlate to findings from prior CT\n chest from ___, not appreciably changed. No evidence of\n superimposed acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to assess given posttreatment\n changes in left lung. Mediastinal surgical clips are noted. There is opacity\n in the left lower lung with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and blunting\n of left lateral CP angle with left lateral pleural thickening. This\n correlates to findings on a CT chest from ___, likely relating to\n post treatment changes in the left lung. The left upper lung is grossly\n clear. The right lung is mildly hypoinflated but clear. There is no\n pneumothorax. There is no right pleural effusion. There is no pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19254322/s57036456/06b75236-ced07b2e-79c9e581-f467c788-1f9b791f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0b542921-dd8714bb-fe11de66-1509d729-207dc1f6", "study_id": 54805725, "subject_id": 15793456, "report": "impression: Severe emphysema. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality Findings: Cardiac size is normal. The hilum are enlarged as before. The lungs are\n hyperinflated and clear. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Lines\n and tubes are in unchanged standard position", "image_path": [ "p15/p15793456/s54805725/0b542921-dd8714bb-fe11de66-1509d729-207dc1f6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "efa1c4d4-c6b83e76-71107d37-015f4c79-24aa9e68", "study_id": 58561179, "subject_id": 12669344, "report": "impression: 1. New right lower lobe consolidation is concerning for pneumonia.\n \n 2. Persistent mild cardiomegaly and interstitial edema. Left basilar opacity\n is likely due to atelectasis, as seen on the prior study. Findings: Compared with the prior chest radiograph, there is a new focal consolidation\n involving the right lower lobe, concerning for pneumonia. The heart is\n persistently enlarged, and there is persistent mild interstitial edema. Left\n basilar opacity is likely due to atelectasis.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12669344/s58561179/efa1c4d4-c6b83e76-71107d37-015f4c79-24aa9e68.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "da9bcd9f-310e0f89-ef56f5ed-330d4f9e-c7c83601", "study_id": 51882341, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "Postoperative alterations of the mediastinum appear unchanged in\n this patient status post esophagectomy procedure. Indwelling lines and tubes\n are unchanged in position, and there is no evidence of a pneumothorax. \n Bibasilar atelectasis has worsened, particularly in the left retrocardiac\n region. Otherwise no relevant short interval change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s51882341/da9bcd9f-310e0f89-ef56f5ed-330d4f9e-c7c83601.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "08dad1a1-e0d9aa0c-43bcb6c8-8038d5ce-3430cd47", "study_id": 56734350, "subject_id": 15436594, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: The cardiomediastinal contours are within normal limits. The bilateral hila\n are unremarkable. There is a right lower lobe opacity which is concerning for\n developing infection. The remainder of the lungs are clear. There is no\n evidence of pulmonary vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or\n pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15436594/s56734350/08dad1a1-e0d9aa0c-43bcb6c8-8038d5ce-3430cd47.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1c493af8-170d3211-d1a0da94-92ced558-f2b893d8", "study_id": 56305857, "subject_id": 17934731, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is no change in the\n appearance of the heart and lungs and the severe scoliosis of the thoracic\n spine convexed to the left. Specifically, no evidence of pulmonary\n metastases.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17934731/s56305857/1c493af8-170d3211-d1a0da94-92ced558-f2b893d8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47bc92de-7c76c78d-2af6018d-6625e000-3f694250", "study_id": 58362071, "subject_id": 16172396, "report": "impression: No radiographic explanation for chest pain. Findings: Since prior, there is no significant interval change. Heart size and\n cardiomediastinal contours are normal. The lungs are clear without focal\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Chronic left rib\n fracture, again seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16172396/s58362071/47bc92de-7c76c78d-2af6018d-6625e000-3f694250.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ecb75c7e-8737e1e1-a77376ea-c4b1aea9-7021ccac", "study_id": 55403615, "subject_id": 13270675, "report": "Comparison is made to CT scan from ___.\n \n There is a nasogastric tube whose tip is in the fundus of stomach; however,\n the side port is above the GE junction. The catheter could be advanced an\n additional 10 cm for more optimal placement. Heart size is within normal\n limits. The visualized lung fields are grossly clear.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13270675/s55403615/ecb75c7e-8737e1e1-a77376ea-c4b1aea9-7021ccac.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b9e0794f-128bc11f-687abd02-c3068507-8bd8cb3e", "study_id": 52613722, "subject_id": 13356814, "report": "impression: Interval development of probable right lower lobe pneumonia or aspiration. \n Clinical correlation is advised. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable. The aorta is tortuous. \n The lungs are mildly hyperexpanded suggestive of underlying emphysema. There\n has been interval development of a right lower lobe opacity which would be\n concerning for pneumonia or aspiration, less likely atelectasis. No\n pneumothorax or pulmonary edema. Note is made of severe degenerative change\n involving the right glenohumeral joint.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13356814/s52613722/b9e0794f-128bc11f-687abd02-c3068507-8bd8cb3e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4969ed80-b6f01bb1-09bc5a19-c44bb4c5-70597525", "study_id": 51599066, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: 1. No acute process.\n 2. Findings consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Findings: AP and lateral radiographs were acquired. There is a left-sided\n pacemaker with an associated right ventricular lead, appropriately positioned.\n The lungs are hyperexpanded and there is flattening of the hemidiaphragms with\n enlargement of the retrosternal airspace, consistent with chronic obstructive\n pulmonary disease. There is a right lower lung granuloma, as before. The\n lungs are otherwise clear. The heart size is top normal. The mediastinal\n contours are normal. There are no pleural effusions. No pneumothorax is\n seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s51599066/4969ed80-b6f01bb1-09bc5a19-c44bb4c5-70597525.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d58d0e27-e1c60eac-ce1656c7-d7b99a45-484b6ea5", "study_id": 50523107, "subject_id": 18411490, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly with tiny left pleural effusion versus pleural thickening. No\n findings to account for acute chest pain. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest provided. Lung volumes are low. Mild\n cardiomegaly is noted. There is subtle blunting of the left CP angle\n suggesting a tiny effusion or pleural thickening. The lungs appear clear\n without focal consolidation or edema. No pneumothorax. Mediastinal contour\n is normal. Bony structures are intact. Partially imaged spinal hardware is\n again noted in the lumbar spine.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18411490/s50523107/d58d0e27-e1c60eac-ce1656c7-d7b99a45-484b6ea5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "94e2c7bb-a81ac1fe-fce3a631-5677d6b2-605bd1fe", "study_id": 53464266, "subject_id": 14235184, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no\n pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal airspace consolidations. The heart is\n mildly to moderately enlarged but unchanged. There is no evidence for\n pulmonary edema. The mediastinal and hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235184/s53464266/94e2c7bb-a81ac1fe-fce3a631-5677d6b2-605bd1fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "84c08756-e01015c6-65599730-f91d3b83-e4a954d9", "study_id": 55330429, "subject_id": 13171410, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the patient is\n substantially improved. Normal size of the cardiac silhouette. Status post\n CABG with correct alignment of the sternal wires. Status post right shoulder\n surgery. There currently is no evidence of pneumonia or other acute lung\n disease. The frontal and the lateral radiographs show normal appearance of\n the lung parenchyma. No pulmonary edema. Normal postoperative appearance of\n the mediastinum and hilar structures.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13171410/s55330429/84c08756-e01015c6-65599730-f91d3b83-e4a954d9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4b900027-eae3a3b7-e4d8b930-1b7322f7-2efeef42", "study_id": 50319609, "subject_id": 15413165, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs.\n \n Dr. ___ ___ a preliminary report to Dr. ___ by phone at 12:15pm on ___. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There is no\n focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. \n Mediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15413165/s50319609/4b900027-eae3a3b7-e4d8b930-1b7322f7-2efeef42.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "bbff4e3f-5c4c00dd-c356f902-530cb15d-9e6663a9", "study_id": 51209548, "subject_id": 19587538, "report": "impression: No acute chest abnormality. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate linear opacities\n at the bilateral bases, likely reflecting scar. Lung volumes are slightly\n decreased compared with ___ years prior. There is no significant effusion, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiac silhouette remains normal in size, the mediastinal\n contours are notable only for tortuosity of the aorta. Pulmonary vasculature\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19587538/s51209548/bbff4e3f-5c4c00dd-c356f902-530cb15d-9e6663a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fee15199-0d437dad-0c55b167-3a23044f-96fc8d9e", "study_id": 52534188, "subject_id": 18548611, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pulmonary edema. Minimal atelectasis is noted in\n the lung bases. The heart is normal in size, and the mediastinal contours are\n normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18548611/s52534188/fee15199-0d437dad-0c55b167-3a23044f-96fc8d9e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "befedeee-9f8df55c-4957be6a-81c9d6ff-3f641e1c", "study_id": 57198860, "subject_id": 16139394, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Small bilateral effusions with adjacent small\n atelectasis Findings: Cardiomediastinal contours are normal. Small bilateral effusions are\n associated with adjacent atelectasis left greater than right. There is no\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16139394/s57198860/befedeee-9f8df55c-4957be6a-81c9d6ff-3f641e1c.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e1777460-6d35822b-a0255c2a-b847d3fe-2b7faeef", "study_id": 56011861, "subject_id": 14226251, "report": "impression: Right middle lobe pneumonia. Follow up radiographs are\n recommended after treatment to ensure resolution of these findings. Findings: The heart size is normal. The hilar and mediastinal contours are within\n normal limits. A right middle lobe opacity is most compatible with\n consolidation. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14226251/s56011861/e1777460-6d35822b-a0255c2a-b847d3fe-2b7faeef.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "24849e83-f5ccffbb-364e8c3a-9c1bcd91-dd0d628f", "study_id": 53913349, "subject_id": 17561996, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Clear lungs. Findings: The lungs are well inflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hila\n contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. There is no pneumoperitoneum.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17561996/s53913349/24849e83-f5ccffbb-364e8c3a-9c1bcd91-dd0d628f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "44cacbf6-9d96a84b-4fe9670d-106a3b5d-ac3ae803", "study_id": 52711234, "subject_id": 17387103, "report": "impression: 1. Mild improvement of pulmonary vascular congestion and bilateral\n interstitial edema since ___ without complete resolution.\n 2. No radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Findings: In comparison to ___ portable chest radiograph, there is mild\n improvement of the pulmonary vascular congestion and bilateral interstitial\n edema. Blunted left costophrenic angle is likely due to an obscuring bowel\n lobe rather than a true left pleural effusion. Heart size is moderately\n enlarged but stable. No consolidation, masses nor nodules are seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17387103/s52711234/44cacbf6-9d96a84b-4fe9670d-106a3b5d-ac3ae803.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b66f1c8b-6c12fd80-d9b69793-f7db8cd1-92ac8637", "study_id": 58368837, "subject_id": 19950864, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest show no acute intrathoracic\n process. Flattened diaphragms and pulmonary blebs are consistent with\n obstructive lung disease. The mediastinum and pleural structures are\n unremarkable. Calcifications are seen within the aortic arch. The shoulders\n are not fully evaluated, however, there are no suspicious osseous lesions. \n Degenerative changes are seen within the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19950864/s58368837/b66f1c8b-6c12fd80-d9b69793-f7db8cd1-92ac8637.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0275ad1-1e6a7451-c3960f5f-1267a188-547b73a1", "study_id": 52309364, "subject_id": 10003502, "report": "impression: Mild to large bilateral, right greater than left pleural effusions. Degree\n of pulmonary edema may have slightly improved since prior exam although\n detailed evaluation is limited. Findings: Moderate to large bilateral pleural effusions are again seen, likely right\n greater than left. There is suspected superimposed pulmonary edema may have\n slightly improved since prior although detailed evaluation is limited given\n layering pleural effusions. Vasculature appears less engorged. Cardiac\n silhouette cannot be assessed.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10003502/s52309364/e0275ad1-1e6a7451-c3960f5f-1267a188-547b73a1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "58263114-6dffa53e-32047b1a-853e06a0-f5f099fb", "study_id": 50046465, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lung volumes are low which causes crowding of the bronchovascular\n structures. No focal opacity, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified.\n The aortic knob is calcified. The heart size is normal.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s50046465/58263114-6dffa53e-32047b1a-853e06a0-f5f099fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "89ec1f5e-373a97d1-690f4859-7a555241-09da8599", "study_id": 59210902, "subject_id": 17266832, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the right-sided pneumonia\n has substantially decreased in extent and severity. However, notably on the\n frontal radiograph, remnant opacities are seen at the right lung base. No new\n parenchymal opacities. Moderate cardiomegaly and minimal left pleural\n effusion. Unchanged right-sided and left-sided axillary clips.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17266832/s59210902/89ec1f5e-373a97d1-690f4859-7a555241-09da8599.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "48dab47e-3cb83d67-35673a0a-37fba33f-80d39c82", "study_id": 54655842, "subject_id": 19519113, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. There is\n no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary vascular congestion. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19519113/s54655842/48dab47e-3cb83d67-35673a0a-37fba33f-80d39c82.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "845dbe09-60b23e8a-ea4f7a81-4c73113d-656e1cc6", "study_id": 53945155, "subject_id": 15187487, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Left-sided pacer defibrillator and single lead are in unchanged position. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits unstable. Lung\n volumes are low. There is no focal consolidation, effusion or pneumothorax. \n Left costophrenic pleural thickening is stable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15187487/s53945155/845dbe09-60b23e8a-ea4f7a81-4c73113d-656e1cc6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b", "study_id": 53737218, "subject_id": 19580789, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Mild hyperinflation. Findings: Heart size is normal with mild tortuosity of the thoracic aorta. \n Hilar contours are unremarkable. The lungs are mildly hyperinflated but\n otherwise clear. Pleural surfaces are clear without effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580789/s53737218/ba261ef0-ec69edf5-01acf3b6-2e2adfc8-261d8e8b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c7e010a6-159db893-31dac930-c5bc900b-9feb9c89", "study_id": 54922575, "subject_id": 18113771, "report": "impression: No definite acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Left greater than right basilar\n opacities suggestive of atelectasis. The lungs are otherwise clear. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormality is identified. No free intraperitoneal air identified.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18113771/s54922575/c7e010a6-159db893-31dac930-c5bc900b-9feb9c89.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "6d896995-e8f0c6a9-33a67c60-4e7b80f4-9e94ac30", "study_id": 56625524, "subject_id": 16529785, "report": "impression: Hyperinflated lungs. No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated. There are no focal opacities\n suggestive of pneumonia. Cavitary lesion with adjacent scarring is seen in the\n right upper lobe periphery, unchanged from ___. Cardiomediastinal and hilar\n contours are unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Mild pectus excavatum is redemonstrated.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16529785/s56625524/6d896995-e8f0c6a9-33a67c60-4e7b80f4-9e94ac30.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1e7c453c-c31a14f7-14ffd1e5-de7ac337-07746c5f", "study_id": 57547177, "subject_id": 16307530, "report": "impression: Mild pulmonary vascular engorgement without pulmonary edema. No chest x-ray\n findings suggestive of aortic dissection. Findings: There is mild pulmonary vascular engorgement. Moderate compressive\n atelectasis and pregnancy may be contributing to slight enlarged appearance of\n the heart on this portable film. No pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16307530/s57547177/1e7c453c-c31a14f7-14ffd1e5-de7ac337-07746c5f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c681e756-278b3b38-0472808c-ce2344ce-743125ee", "study_id": 50335438, "subject_id": 11669319, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Old\n healed left lateral rib fractures are noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11669319/s50335438/c681e756-278b3b38-0472808c-ce2344ce-743125ee.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ab122ca9-c693ab2c-cd9f74ef-04ecb782-231fdfe6", "study_id": 50892292, "subject_id": 14583397, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes without definite superimposed acute process. Findings: AP and lateral views of the chest. Again, low lung volumes are\n noted. There is secondary crowding of the bronchovascular markings but no\n confluent consolidation The cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable. \n Eventration of the right hemidiaphragm again noted. Degenerative changes\n noted at the left shoulder.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14583397/s50892292/ab122ca9-c693ab2c-cd9f74ef-04ecb782-231fdfe6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1969331-194ac1ab-ab92b6ec-10a231e8-8585ed4a", "study_id": 58466105, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: Stable cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary interstitial edema. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest provided. A left chest\n wall pacer device is seen with catheter extending into the expected location\n of the right ventricle, unchanged. There is mild central pulmonary vascular\n engorgement which could indicate mild increased pulmonary pressures. The\n heart is stably enlarged. Atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic knob\n noted. Lung volumes are low, though there is no definite sign of pneumonia. \n Bony structures appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s58466105/d1969331-194ac1ab-ab92b6ec-10a231e8-8585ed4a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8af200b2-6d16d8b6-7cf5ca1c-30dfcdce-74779c42", "study_id": 53272126, "subject_id": 17223574, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, patient has been intubated.\n The tip of the endotracheal tube projects 5 cm above the carina. The patient\n has also received a nasogastric tube, the course of the tube can be followed\n through the upper and mid third of the esophagus but is not visible more\n peripherally than that. Decreased lung volumes and increased diameter of the\n pulmonary vasculature, combined with blunting of the left costophrenic sinus,\n potentially reflecting moderate pulmonary edema and a small pleural effusion. \n In addition atelectases are seen at both lung bases. Moderate cardiomegaly. \n No evidence of pneumonia.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17223574/s53272126/8af200b2-6d16d8b6-7cf5ca1c-30dfcdce-74779c42.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "49d0865a-87d61b94-18e9e122-66f361aa-c8d164a6", "study_id": 53610077, "subject_id": 11181748, "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in right-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided pleural effusion has minimally decreased. Right-sided adjacent\n atelectasis and fluid along the fissure have also decreased. The left lung is\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Numerous calcified\n lesions in the right chest wall are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11181748/s53610077/49d0865a-87d61b94-18e9e122-66f361aa-c8d164a6.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3938b32d-934d824e-3e75f809-d61dd89f-ad22b1a3", "study_id": 53880874, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouettes are stable and within normal limits. The\n hila are within normal limits. There is volume loss of the left upper lung. \n The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. There is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Deformity\n of the left posterior sixth rib is again noted.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s53880874/3938b32d-934d824e-3e75f809-d61dd89f-ad22b1a3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4e2cdbbb-94042b25-3040684e-0c7ff67d-5616031e", "study_id": 55316910, "subject_id": 11778596, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are well expanded. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. The\n bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11778596/s55316910/4e2cdbbb-94042b25-3040684e-0c7ff67d-5616031e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1785b82d-5e3ac09e-800e0e20-792c6780-24b63d89", "study_id": 53273716, "subject_id": 18162895, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal\n limits. Lungs are clear. Pulmonary vascularity is normal. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n present. Oral contrast material is seen within the left colon.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18162895/s53273716/1785b82d-5e3ac09e-800e0e20-792c6780-24b63d89.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ecd38a1a-a066f8ff-860275d8-be7ba46b-09449675", "study_id": 59951875, "subject_id": 11226572, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen. Mild\n left base and lingular linear atelectasis/scarring is seen. The cardiac and\n mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11226572/s59951875/ecd38a1a-a066f8ff-860275d8-be7ba46b-09449675.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4f168bc8-3e6328a5-313a3636-4e952ac6-a0ae095f", "study_id": 59322832, "subject_id": 19423061, "report": "impression: 1. Port-A-Cath tip over distal SVC.\n 2. Bibasilar focal opacities, likely corresponding to opacity seen on an\n outside the ___ chest CT. Correlation with clinical history is\n requested for further assessment.\n 3. Small right effusion. Findings: A Port-A-Cath is in place, with tip over distal SVC.\n \n There is background hyperinflation, consistent with COPD. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is not enlarged. Mild aortic calcification noted.\n \n There is slight blunting of the right cardiophrenic angle, consistent with a\n small amount of pleural fluid or thickening. On the lateral view, there is\n suggestion of focal nodular density in the lower lobe posteriorly on 1 side.\n Additional patchy density projects over the cardiac silhouette. Indistinct\n opacities are seen laterally in both right and left lower zones. These small\n opacities likely correspond to opacities seen on the ___ chest CT.\n \n No CHF or large consolidation is identified. Oral contrast is noted within the\n bowel.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19423061/s59322832/4f168bc8-3e6328a5-313a3636-4e952ac6-a0ae095f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cfa6f879-767cb5fe-cfb7acdf-144814b9-7e4fb170", "study_id": 52249249, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: 1. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. Nodular opacity overlying the right lower lung and anterior right fifth\n rib. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THIS IS A LUNG NODULE OR THE RIGHT NIPPLE OR\n SCLEROSIS IN THE ANTERIOR RIGHT FIFTH RIB, SHALLOW OBLIQUE VIEWS WITH NIPPLE\n MARKER SHOULD BE OBTAINED. Findings: There is no evidence of focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,\n or frank pulmonary edema. A rounded, nodular opacity overlies the right lower\n lung, and cannot be discreetly separated from the ninth posterior rib. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s52249249/cfa6f879-767cb5fe-cfb7acdf-144814b9-7e4fb170.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d0c696e3-46fcf520-cffb32ef-3f3bda8d-e23dd656", "study_id": 57231052, "subject_id": 14235841, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is normal in size. The mediastinal and hilar contours\n appear within normal limits. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n The lungs appear clear. Bony structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235841/s57231052/d0c696e3-46fcf520-cffb32ef-3f3bda8d-e23dd656.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2c2d37dc-72ce751c-11056009-510e46bd-65967968", "study_id": 54167022, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. PICC terminates in the low SVC.\n 3. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n 3. Prominent loops of air-filled bowel are partially imaged, and stable. If\n further evaluation is necessary, could obtain a dedicated abdominal\n radiograph. Findings: In comparison to the prior x-ray and CT, the predominantly left\n upper and mid lung zone opacities have resolved. There is no definite\n consolidation. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is mildly enlarged. A right PICC\n terminates in the low SVC. Cervical hardware is present in the neck and\n incompletely evaluated. Prominent air-filled loops of bowel are noted below\n the hemidiaphragms, and not significantly changed from the prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s54167022/2c2d37dc-72ce751c-11056009-510e46bd-65967968.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "499b08f0-eadc74b7-e72cbb9c-48acb229-95d39e5f", "study_id": 55753415, "subject_id": 19890966, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear.The cardiac, hilar and mediastinal contours are normal.No\n pleural abnormality is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890966/s55753415/499b08f0-eadc74b7-e72cbb9c-48acb229-95d39e5f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c75317be-225faf00-b7bccd06-b199a930-a4ef45ff", "study_id": 53610077, "subject_id": 11181748, "report": "impression: Slight interval decrease in right-sided pleural effusion and atelectasis. Findings: Right-sided pleural effusion has minimally decreased. Right-sided adjacent\n atelectasis and fluid along the fissure have also decreased. The left lung is\n clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Numerous calcified\n lesions in the right chest wall are stable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11181748/s53610077/c75317be-225faf00-b7bccd06-b199a930-a4ef45ff.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ebc8d35-a5ece81f-8e1833b8-9605b2d7-688ef3e9", "study_id": 50605041, "subject_id": 18619672, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs were obtained. The lungs are well expanded\n and clear. There is no focal consolidation, effusion, pneumothorax. Cardiac\n and mediastinal contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18619672/s50605041/5ebc8d35-a5ece81f-8e1833b8-9605b2d7-688ef3e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ef83336-7f67850f-4c481312-ec7c99d2-a874836a", "study_id": 51507599, "subject_id": 10569231, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Moderate enlargement of the cardiac silhouette persists. The mediastinal and\n hilar contours are normal. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. No focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax is identified. No acute\n osseous abnormality is detected.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10569231/s51507599/3ef83336-7f67850f-4c481312-ec7c99d2-a874836a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "55a0e030-4bb997bd-b5d19ede-c9996085-f874501a", "study_id": 50152901, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single portable view of the chest. Right PICC line is no longer seen. The\n patient is rotated to the left. The lungs however are clear. Calcified\n granuloma seen at the right lung base. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within\n normal limits. No acute osseous abnormality detected, lower cervical fixation\n hardware is again seen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s50152901/55a0e030-4bb997bd-b5d19ede-c9996085-f874501a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8215900-2a751f2f-0b74c0f8-0d436922-94f8738d", "study_id": 51675967, "subject_id": 16821122, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The aorta\n is unfolded. The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16821122/s51675967/d8215900-2a751f2f-0b74c0f8-0d436922-94f8738d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f845ff66-184e984c-0fa96a41-0c8bfe10-eb5f881a", "study_id": 58108137, "subject_id": 14136683, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are well-expanded and clear. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. \n Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14136683/s58108137/f845ff66-184e984c-0fa96a41-0c8bfe10-eb5f881a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b29d0852-2f33563f-2443c212-e00db2ff-74a4c5d7", "study_id": 58417790, "subject_id": 18713335, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the lung volumes have\n decreased. There is now moderate cardiomegaly with signs of predominantly\n centralized moderate pulmonary edema. Increased areas of atelectasis are seen\n at both lung bases. The asymmetry of the changes does not clearly support the\n suspicion for pneumonia.\n \n At the time of dictation and observation, 8:47 a.m., on the ___, the referring physician, ___. ___ was paged for notification.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18713335/s58417790/b29d0852-2f33563f-2443c212-e00db2ff-74a4c5d7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fd85d68f-eb20917f-47c20d2b-ecd0f4e7-2bdee415", "study_id": 59921918, "subject_id": 19890030, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, the monitoring and support\n devices are essentially unchanged. Diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacification\n is consistent with pulmonary edema in a patient with cardiomegaly and\n bilateral pleural effusions with compressive atelectasis at the bases.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890030/s59921918/fd85d68f-eb20917f-47c20d2b-ecd0f4e7-2bdee415.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4c558e55-5b795db7-3088bb34-cf6d4bc2-1407cae0", "study_id": 58364828, "subject_id": 14793590, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate normal lung volumes without\n pleural effusion, focal consolidation, or pneumothorax. Hilar and mediastinal\n silhouettes are unremarkable. Heart size is normal. There is no pulmonary\n edema.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14793590/s58364828/4c558e55-5b795db7-3088bb34-cf6d4bc2-1407cae0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "707a7540-cb3bf051-5a339e77-d0bf7c09-1031feb5", "study_id": 55748803, "subject_id": 18232123, "report": "impression: No radiographic evidence of an acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. There are mild degenerative changes within the\n shoulders, right greater than left. Note is made of inferior spurring of the\n glenohumeral joint on the right.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18232123/s55748803/707a7540-cb3bf051-5a339e77-d0bf7c09-1031feb5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c96c675f-acb71a31-a7bdf067-4c742d16-6093e033", "study_id": 59853610, "subject_id": 14702127, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear lungs bilaterally. The\n lungs are symmetrically expanded. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n within normal limits. There is no evidence of pulmonary edema, pneumothorax,\n or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14702127/s59853610/c96c675f-acb71a31-a7bdf067-4c742d16-6093e033.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "503519a9-27880621-f7f5d51c-348734b7-d6b70e30", "study_id": 54026889, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: AP semi-upright and lateral views of the chest were obtained. \n There are low lung volumes, though allowing for this, the lungs are clear\n bilaterally with no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. A small\n calcified granuloma in the right lower lung is re-demonstrated with a stable\n appearance. There is no evidence of CHF. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is\n normal. Fixation hardware is noted in the lower C-spine. Bony structures\n appear intact.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s54026889/503519a9-27880621-f7f5d51c-348734b7-d6b70e30.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3d798d0a-869fac09-5939ab06-011a871f-2f43260b", "study_id": 53867841, "subject_id": 19636128, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No free air under the\n diaphragm. Findings: The lungs are clear. Cardiomediastinal silhouette is top-normal in\n size. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Visualized osseous\n structures are unremarkable. No free air is identified diaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19636128/s53867841/3d798d0a-869fac09-5939ab06-011a871f-2f43260b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c248c40-b23d88c7-d1751a15-df7e684c-37b6616f", "study_id": 55127217, "subject_id": 16702545, "report": "Endotracheal tube terminates approximately 5 cm above the level of the Carina.\n Enteric tube courses into the left upper quadrant, likely terminating in the\n proximal stomach. Left subclavian central venous catheter is stable in\n position. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. There are low\n lung volumes. The appears to decrease in mild fluid overload. No appreciable\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16702545/s55127217/3c248c40-b23d88c7-d1751a15-df7e684c-37b6616f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28a5d454-4f6e8afe-c96281bb-c685dc86-984117dc", "study_id": 54985891, "subject_id": 19017542, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs. Findings: There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, or\n pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal contour is normal.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19017542/s54985891/28a5d454-4f6e8afe-c96281bb-c685dc86-984117dc.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e345b77a-fc55fbb9-01aa8bc4-55067082-884ea7ba", "study_id": 55332727, "subject_id": 16033763, "report": "impression: Interval increase in size of large left-sided pleural effusion\n with adjacent atelectasis. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the chest demonstrate diffuse bilateral\n pulmonary nodules which are unchanged from ___. There has been\n interval increase in the size of the large left pleural effusion, now with\n some adjacent atelectasis in the left upper lung zone. There is no pleural\n effusion in the right lung. Again seen is a single-chamber pacemaker with tip\n terminating in the right ventricle, in the standard position. No\n pneumothorax. Right-ward shift of the mediastinum is unchanged.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16033763/s55332727/e345b77a-fc55fbb9-01aa8bc4-55067082-884ea7ba.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4d2afd84-14eebd01-d0d9aab5-248a2e02-250a8f87", "study_id": 52552455, "subject_id": 15718331, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute disease. Findings: The heart is mildly enlarged but not significantly changed since\n earlier examinations. The cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours appear\n similar. The lungs are clear. There are no pleural effusions or\n pneumothorax. Mild-to-moderate degenerative changes are similar along the\n thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15718331/s52552455/4d2afd84-14eebd01-d0d9aab5-248a2e02-250a8f87.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c78c0eb4-e2192739-b11564a9-fdd1ae3b-2041db15", "study_id": 50020535, "subject_id": 16288388, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are clear. Cardiac silhouette is normal. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16288388/s50020535/c78c0eb4-e2192739-b11564a9-fdd1ae3b-2041db15.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "28711812-b5fa575d-30520ea7-5add8dca-a49239fe", "study_id": 52385709, "subject_id": 19890966, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size is normal. Mediastinal and hilar contours are\n unchanged. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax is present. No acute osseous abnormalities are\n visualized.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19890966/s52385709/28711812-b5fa575d-30520ea7-5add8dca-a49239fe.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "382be4ba-6b111a62-d9907d36-c84223b9-6dedb3a8", "study_id": 53147687, "subject_id": 17123098, "report": "impression: 1. Persistent probable small bilateral effusions with associated atelectasis.\n 2. Stable moderate cardiomegaly with central vascular congestion and possible\n new mild interstitial pulmonary edema.\n 3. No new focal consolidation concerning for infection or aspiration. Findings: Compared to chest radiographs from ___, there is been interval\n removal of an endotracheal tube. Lung volumes remain low. Moderate\n cardiomegaly with mild central vascular congestion and possible new mild\n interstitial pulmonary edema. Probable small bilateral pleural effusions with\n associated atelectasis, left greater than right, are unchanged. No new focal\n consolidation. No pneumothoraces. Mediastinal widening has slightly improved\n and may reflect mild congestion of mediastinal veins.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17123098/s53147687/382be4ba-6b111a62-d9907d36-c84223b9-6dedb3a8.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "123fc641-feb28310-ea95c2e3-ba1f1635-bc669e55", "study_id": 53093195, "subject_id": 15658321, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n \n 2. Large hiatal hernia. Findings: Chest, PA and lateral. The lungs are clear. Nodular opacities over the lung\n bases most consistent with nipple shadows. A large hiatal hernia is\n redemonstrated. Otherwise, the hilar and cardiomediastinal contours are\n normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary vascularity\n is normal.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15658321/s53093195/123fc641-feb28310-ea95c2e3-ba1f1635-bc669e55.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "031e1a10-9b03a629-29234928-e2dbc65d-7ac75537", "study_id": 58078706, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "In comparison with the study of ___, there is substantial\n improvement in the pulmonary edema. Indeed, the vascularity is now\n essentially within normal limits. Some atelectatic changes are seen at the\n right base, silhouetting the hemidiaphragm. In the appropriate clinical\n setting, supervening pneumonia would have to be considered. \n \n Low lung volumes accentuate the transverse diameter of the heart.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s58078706/031e1a10-9b03a629-29234928-e2dbc65d-7ac75537.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c72f3502-8d982413-ca2511b6-441e719e-a0c293c9", "study_id": 59048448, "subject_id": 17346035, "report": "impression: No pneumonia. Possible mild central adenopathy requires follow\n ___ ___ ___ was paged. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Lobulation of the mediastinal contour of the main pulmonary\n artery and the left hilus could be due to mild adenopathy. Any prior\n radiographs should be obtained to see if this is a new finding. If stability\n cannot be determined, I recommend repeat CXR in 4 weeks.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17346035/s59048448/c72f3502-8d982413-ca2511b6-441e719e-a0c293c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "fdbe2f56-f0015477-75607dcd-5c56304a-5d8c699e", "study_id": 50091256, "subject_id": 18156346, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Lungs are well-expanded and clear. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are\n unremarkable. There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or consolidation.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18156346/s50091256/fdbe2f56-f0015477-75607dcd-5c56304a-5d8c699e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9113059a-7f7d2278-1cf93415-c8add273-78e36ba7", "study_id": 54164846, "subject_id": 19245983, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal. There is no focal\n consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19245983/s54164846/9113059a-7f7d2278-1cf93415-c8add273-78e36ba7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c39a2d49-30932027-84dcf97f-63bfe5de-f9b1bbf5", "study_id": 54167022, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: 1. No acute cardiopulmonary process.\n 2. PICC terminates in the low SVC.\n 3. Stable mild cardiomegaly.\n 3. Prominent loops of air-filled bowel are partially imaged, and stable. If\n further evaluation is necessary, could obtain a dedicated abdominal\n radiograph. Findings: In comparison to the prior x-ray and CT, the predominantly left\n upper and mid lung zone opacities have resolved. There is no definite\n consolidation. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary\n edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is mildly enlarged. A right PICC\n terminates in the low SVC. Cervical hardware is present in the neck and\n incompletely evaluated. Prominent air-filled loops of bowel are noted below\n the hemidiaphragms, and not significantly changed from the prior exam.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s54167022/c39a2d49-30932027-84dcf97f-63bfe5de-f9b1bbf5.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d8eac14d-acfeb227-de6bf397-eb450434-5c9a3a42", "study_id": 55807597, "subject_id": 16821122, "report": "impression: Low lung volumes; otherwise, unremarkable chest radiographic\n examination. Findings: Assessment is limited by motion artifact and low lung volumes. \n Allowing for these limitation, there are no focal parenchymal opacities. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable with the exception of a\n tortuous aorta. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16821122/s55807597/d8eac14d-acfeb227-de6bf397-eb450434-5c9a3a42.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "83239aeb-423f4884-3030d0a9-5c624588-7b8dca07", "study_id": 56004726, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "In comparison with the earlier study of this date, the Dobbhoff\n tube extends at least to the junction of the second and third portions of the\n duodenum, where it crosses the lower margin of the image. The tip of the\n endotracheal tube measures approximately 2.1 cm above the carina. Low lung\n volumes with little overall change in the appearance of the heart and lungs.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s56004726/83239aeb-423f4884-3030d0a9-5c624588-7b8dca07.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "ceca213c-88ded0e6-ac5306af-5de899b7-3c6dbaca", "study_id": 58848750, "subject_id": 16617702, "report": "impression: Consolidation (likely pneumonia) in the left lower lobe with\n associated small pleural effusion. Findings: Since the prior film, there is a new small left-sided pleural\n effusion with a left lower lobe consolidation. The right lung remains clear. \n The cardiomediastinal silhouette is difficult to evaluate secondary to pleural\n effusion and consolidation. The bones are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16617702/s58848750/ceca213c-88ded0e6-ac5306af-5de899b7-3c6dbaca.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f075ce73-c9417eb6-96794bef-5c430ca4-d3026797", "study_id": 58651437, "subject_id": 11925631, "report": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. There are\n relatively low lung volumes. There is mild left base atelectasis. There is\n slight increase in the interstitial markings bilaterally, which may relate to\n low lung volumes and minimal interstitial edema; however, an atypical\n infectious process cannot be excluded. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11925631/s58651437/f075ce73-c9417eb6-96794bef-5c430ca4-d3026797.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "b5ff5541-31d765d8-cd2e6649-54d1b9d4-8fffaebf", "study_id": 52799543, "subject_id": 19580750, "report": "impression: Lungs are fully expanded and clear. No pleural abnormalities. Mild\n cardiomegaly. Cardiomediastinal and hilar silhouettes are normal. A left\n pectoral pacemaker with right atrial and right ventricular leads is unchanged. Findings: ___ CT torso", "image_path": [ "p19/p19580750/s52799543/b5ff5541-31d765d8-cd2e6649-54d1b9d4-8fffaebf.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cd719187-aac4497a-487e9373-f862d5a4-63a1c6b1", "study_id": 50685017, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Stable background chronic lung changes. Stable top normal heart\n size with evidence of volume overload consistent with provided diagnosis of\n right ventricular regurgitation. Findings: Frontal and lateral radiographs demonstrate stable extensive\n post-surgical changes of the left hemithorax with associated loss of volume.\n Stable scarring noted in the right lung apex. On a background of chronic lung\n disease and chronic bibasilar opacifications there is new prominence of the\n interstitium as well as Kerley B lines consistent with pulmonary edeam. Heart\n size is top normal and stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax\n identified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s50685017/cd719187-aac4497a-487e9373-f862d5a4-63a1c6b1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "0cae2952-def96aa7-1e84fd97-cf21d3d3-341189c9", "study_id": 54071279, "subject_id": 17559288, "report": "impression: New Dobbhoff tube extends into the stomach, coiled within. \n Little other interval change. Findings: A right IJ approach central line again terminates in the mid-to-distal SVC. \n There is a new Dobbhoff feeding tube, which is coiled within the stomach. \n Bilateral multifocal parenchymal opacities are little changed from prior\n study. No new effusion or pneumothorax. Stable cardiomediastinal silhouette.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17559288/s54071279/0cae2952-def96aa7-1e84fd97-cf21d3d3-341189c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d1943b3d-7739ba1b-6774964a-990c66a8-9e0db49e", "study_id": 57891982, "subject_id": 17257394, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are hyperinflated and clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette,\n hilar contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax. Degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17257394/s57891982/d1943b3d-7739ba1b-6774964a-990c66a8-9e0db49e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "22d4b5a3-c6744296-d4c6b985-335ebb8a-47b33809", "study_id": 51611847, "subject_id": 14235184, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Moderate cardiomegaly persists. The mediastinal and hilar contours are within\n normal limits. Lungs are clear. No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is present. Calcified granuloma in the left lower lobe is\n unchanged. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14235184/s51611847/22d4b5a3-c6744296-d4c6b985-335ebb8a-47b33809.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f0220e89-6a3c972d-e6129b54-0f9f801e-8bdeb45e", "study_id": 51499238, "subject_id": 11483127, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic process. Findings: No focal consolidation is present. The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar\n contours, and pleural surfaces are normal. There is no pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11483127/s51499238/f0220e89-6a3c972d-e6129b54-0f9f801e-8bdeb45e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "47095b32-a853ea62-3c44a0f5-18ba6a9d-bf1ef6f9", "study_id": 56831678, "subject_id": 11520249, "report": "impression: 1. Left lower lobe opacity which could reflect aspiration or pneumonia.\n Clinical correlation advised.\n 2. Mild cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary vascular congestion.\n 3. Prominent right hilum, concerning for lymphadenopathy. Anterior shallow\n obliques or a chest CT can be obtained for further evaluation if clinically\n warranted. Findings: A left single lead pacemaker projects over the left lower chest and the lead\n likely terminates in the right ventricle. Lung volumes are decreased,\n accentuating the cardiac silhouette which otherwise appears mildly enlarged. \n There is a left lower lobe opacity, which may reflect aspiration or pneumonia\n in the appropriate clinical setting. There is prominence of the right hilum.\n There is prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. No large pleural effusion\n identified, although limited examination of the left costophrenic angle.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11520249/s56831678/47095b32-a853ea62-3c44a0f5-18ba6a9d-bf1ef6f9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "2e226c3f-39058bce-2bf559f3-119d4b1c-3b18c1e4", "study_id": 53126282, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. Findings: Interval resolution of the left upper lobe pneumonia. No new areas of\n airspace consolidation. The cardiomediastinal shadow is unchanged. No pleural\n effusions. Mild coarsening of the interstitial markings persist.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s53126282/2e226c3f-39058bce-2bf559f3-119d4b1c-3b18c1e4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "feeb7dc4-beddb481-54e49f5e-f8d3d074-dde2412d", "study_id": 54849350, "subject_id": 14798972, "report": "Nasogastric tube has been repositioned or replaced, with tip now\n terminating at approximately the T10 vertebral body level, with the side port\n at approximately the T7 level with an intrathoracic neoesophagus in this\n patient status post esophagectomy. Subcutaneous emphysema in right chest wall\n has slightly improved. Lung volumes are slightly increased compared to the\n prior study with associated improved aeration at lung bases. Otherwise, no\n relevant change.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14798972/s54849350/feeb7dc4-beddb481-54e49f5e-f8d3d074-dde2412d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "dcda9207-1934e86d-ee932544-116c6360-2c689e4d", "study_id": 51076696, "subject_id": 18971051, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No significant interval change. Findings: The lungs remain hyperinflated. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n stable with the aorta calcified and tortuous the cardiac silhouette mildly\n enlarged. There is aortic valve calcification. No focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18971051/s51076696/dcda9207-1934e86d-ee932544-116c6360-2c689e4d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "328c4898-15a54df3-c97f1134-fd048ae3-d95c0107", "study_id": 52887977, "subject_id": 15793456, "report": "impression: 1. Bullous emphysematous changes in the lower lobes increased since ___.\n Consideration to alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency should be given. Findings: The lungs are hyperexpanded. There are bullous emphysematous changes in the\n lower lobes increased since ___. There is no focal consolidation, pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. The ascending aorta is dilated and tortuous but\n unchanged since ___. The imaged upper abdomen is unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15793456/s52887977/328c4898-15a54df3-c97f1134-fd048ae3-d95c0107.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f3fe398f-bb2b70e1-8ee5b14b-b9a498be-9d923e21", "study_id": 53816282, "subject_id": 12932866, "report": "impression: Left lower lobe lesion containing a fudicial marker, not significantly changed\n from the prior study. Probable bibasilar atelectasis though infection is\n difficult to exclude. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable\n with atherosclerotic calcification of the aortic arch again noted. A fudicial\n seed is again seen within a posterior left lower lobe lesion, compatible with\n known malignancy status post CyberKnife therapy. Minimal streaky bibasilar\n opacities likely reflect atelectasis, though infection is difficult to\n exclude. There is no new focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. No pulmonary vascular congestion is present. Multiple clips\n are again seen within the upper abdomen. There are no acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12932866/s53816282/f3fe398f-bb2b70e1-8ee5b14b-b9a498be-9d923e21.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "41d626a4-3a5576a4-30e9d1a1-e3bec23f-0a4059ac", "study_id": 53197078, "subject_id": 18043502, "report": "impression: There is no evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Lungs are clear. There is no evidence of pneumonia. Mediastinal and cardiac\n contours are unremarkable in this patient with kyphoscoliosis, left rib\n fracture is healed.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18043502/s53197078/41d626a4-3a5576a4-30e9d1a1-e3bec23f-0a4059ac.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "66e06e1a-cbaf78cc-cfb43d10-c93987a3-a12d7bca", "study_id": 53383243, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Multifocal opacities in both lungs, predominantly within a perihilar\n distribution, as demonstrated on the prior chest CT. Findings again are\n nonspecific, but concerning for a multifocal infectious process. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits, and the\n heart size is normal. Focal ill-defined opacities are demonstrated\n predominantly within the perihilar regions of both upper lobes, as was noted\n on the prior CT, but new when compared to the prior chest radiograph. No\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present, and there is no pulmonary\n vascular congestion. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s53383243/66e06e1a-cbaf78cc-cfb43d10-c93987a3-a12d7bca.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "59d4fab4-679af5b7-5d8299ee-5de4e775-51372e47", "study_id": 57929210, "subject_id": 18057037, "report": "impression: Moderately cardiomegaly is worse with small bilateral pleural\n effusions, and moderate interstitial pulmonary edema in the setting of CHF\n exacerbation. Findings: Lung volumes are low. Interstitial markings are increased\n bilaterally. The lung apices are partially obscured by the patient's chin and\n incompletely evaluated. The heart size is moderately enlarged. Basilar\n atelectasis is mild. Bilateral pleural effusions are small. Surgical clips\n project over the left upper quadrant. The thoracic aorta is unfolded with\n atherosclerotic calcifications.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18057037/s57929210/59d4fab4-679af5b7-5d8299ee-5de4e775-51372e47.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "c3a5cd3a-ef8d5ed2-e9185ad1-5ed385b0-b980a67e", "study_id": 50741129, "subject_id": 11888614, "report": "impression: Nonspecific bibasilar opacities, right worse than left, which are concerning\n for pneumonia. Findings: There are nonspecific bibasilar opacities. The apices of the lungs are clear.\n There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. The\n cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. No fracture is identified on this\n limited supine view.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11888614/s50741129/c3a5cd3a-ef8d5ed2-e9185ad1-5ed385b0-b980a67e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4", "study_id": 53447884, "subject_id": 16319384, "report": "impression: Subtle heterogeneous opacity of the right lower lobe could reflect pneumonia\n or aspiration in the appropriate clinical situation. Short term follow-up\n radiograph may be helpful to ensure resolution. Findings: Subtle heterogeneous opacity in the right lower lobe could reflect pneumonia\n in the appropriate clinical situation. Small amount of left lower lobe\n atelectasis. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The heart is normal in\n size. Aortic knob calcifications are unchanged. No acute osseous\n abnormality.\n \n Left-sided pacemaker wires are unchanged with 1 tip projecting over the right\n atrium and the other over the right ventricle.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16319384/s53447884/69fad06e-4d630395-0c622820-20e6af98-5a01aaa4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "17d61d08-38d54e3f-a90d2a5a-cc0735ca-16f7c8a9", "study_id": 56837754, "subject_id": 13299965, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unchanged. \n Prominence of the inferior right hila is similar to prior.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13299965/s56837754/17d61d08-38d54e3f-a90d2a5a-cc0735ca-16f7c8a9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "078eec80-ef37c7df-f352dd0a-ad6da42a-370e6a41", "study_id": 57755274, "subject_id": 18573829, "report": "impression: Small right pleural effusion. Otherwise, normal. Findings: PA and lateral views of the chest were provided. Midline\n sternotomy wires are again seen along with mediastinal clips. There is a tiny\n right pleural effusion. Otherwise, the lungs are clear. No signs of edema or\n pneumonia. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Bony structures are\n intact. No free air below the right hemidiaphragm.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18573829/s57755274/078eec80-ef37c7df-f352dd0a-ad6da42a-370e6a41.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9205c9ac-2bc07ba3-7ce03e6e-f5c7a725-31fd481d", "study_id": 56671598, "subject_id": 11717909, "report": "impression: Right middle and right lower lobe pneumonia. Findings: The lungs are mildly hypoinflated with crowding of vasculature. There is a new\n heterogeneous right lower and right middle lobe opacities. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. Heart size, mediastinal contour, and hila are\n unremarkable. Again seen are intact median sternotomy wires and mediastinal\n clips.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11717909/s56671598/9205c9ac-2bc07ba3-7ce03e6e-f5c7a725-31fd481d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61e6ad42-674b9c48-684abad1-83ce16d3-0188f603", "study_id": 57078506, "subject_id": 14790859, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are\n unremarkable. No displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p14/p14790859/s57078506/61e6ad42-674b9c48-684abad1-83ce16d3-0188f603.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e0f060fd-48f99877-e59be55f-f3ff2bba-0228b638", "study_id": 57698298, "subject_id": 15175883, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. No pneumomediastinum or pneumoperitoneum. Findings: Frontal and lateral chest radiograph demonstrates hypoinflated lungs with\n crowding of vasculature and bilateral lower lobe atelectasis. No pleural\n effusion or pneumothorax. No pneumomediastinum. Subtle blunting of the left\n cardiophrenic angle is most consistent with scarring.\n \n Prosthetic valves are noted, most likely mitral and aortic. Intact median\n sternotomy wires. A mildly calcified, tortuous aorta is present. The heart is\n mildly enlarged.\n \n Limited assessment of the upper abdomen is within normal limits.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15175883/s57698298/e0f060fd-48f99877-e59be55f-f3ff2bba-0228b638.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "67cde0b0-055d8347-2a99b426-f30ad9ca-db0ade30", "study_id": 55575107, "subject_id": 12998617, "report": "impression: Minimal bibasilar atelectasis. Findings: Borderline heart size, similar. Mildly increased pulmonary vascularity, more\n prominent. Segmental elevation left hemidiaphragm. No effusion. No\n pneumothorax. Tortuous calcified aorta. Minimal basilar atelectasis. \n Probable scarring right costophrenic angle.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12998617/s55575107/67cde0b0-055d8347-2a99b426-f30ad9ca-db0ade30.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d13ad04b-c27e53cc-ff9b10b6-436d461b-1193ec8b", "study_id": 51677032, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Worsening volume loss and opacification of the left lung suggesting pneumonia\n superimposed on chronic findings. Findings: Superimposed on chronic volume loss, parenchymal scarring, and pleural\n thickening in the left hemithorax, there is a persistent superimposed\n opacification in the left lung, which has worsened somewhat between over two\n days including increased volume loss. Findings in the right lung appear more\n chronic.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s51677032/d13ad04b-c27e53cc-ff9b10b6-436d461b-1193ec8b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "9de9b3d5-52ceaca4-f8dc1eb9-476071b0-39ec7ea0", "study_id": 54976328, "subject_id": 13313381, "report": "impression: 1. The tip of the left PICC line is seen in a small axillary vein. Findings: The left PICC line is again seen approaching the chest wall and enters into a\n smaller axillary vein. The lungs are clear. The heart size is unchanged. \n There is no pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, or pleural effusion.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13313381/s54976328/9de9b3d5-52ceaca4-f8dc1eb9-476071b0-39ec7ea0.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1d8b6f1b-f2623043-0b88aff3-36ffde7e-aba0484f", "study_id": 54159511, "subject_id": 17096560, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, the distribution of the\n left pleural effusion is slightly changed, but the overall extent is not. The\n bases of the right lung are better ventilated than on the previous image. The\n size of the cardiac silhouette continues to be enlarged. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. Unchanged left pectoral Port-A-Cath.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17096560/s54159511/1d8b6f1b-f2623043-0b88aff3-36ffde7e-aba0484f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "731ab0b4-e2d74d1d-aa17c85c-e9b48928-13109378", "study_id": 56360897, "subject_id": 19358609, "report": "impression: Findings concerning for pneumonia within the lower lungs. Findings: AP upright and lateral views of the chest were provided. The lungs\n are hyperinflated with chronic deformity of the left upper hemithorax and rib\n cage. There are opacities in the lower lungs which raise concern for\n pneumonia. Underlying scarring is better assessed on the prior CT. The heart\n size is difficult to assess, though appears grossly stable. The mediastinal\n contour also is grossly unchanged. Small right pleural effusion is present.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19358609/s56360897/731ab0b4-e2d74d1d-aa17c85c-e9b48928-13109378.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "381625eb-17722acf-958d7213-64604dd3-ee843cb4", "study_id": 55504230, "subject_id": 13722528, "report": "impression: No evidence of pneumonia. Findings: Mild cardiomegaly is stable compared to multiple prior exams dating\n back at least to ___. The previously noted subtle opacity in the\n right lung base is not seen on this exam. There are no new focal\n consolidations, pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The hilar and mediastinal\n contours are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13722528/s55504230/381625eb-17722acf-958d7213-64604dd3-ee843cb4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "665d7742-d067640a-b25afbd2-fcb01db1-b6d6e7c9", "study_id": 56285032, "subject_id": 17055995, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Cardiac, mediastinal and hilar\n contours are normal. The pulmonary vascularity is normal. A 5-mm calcified\n nodule projecting over the right lower lung field is unchanged, compatible\n with a granuloma. The lungs are otherwise clear without focal consolidation. \n No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Cervical spinal fusion\n hardware is noted. There is diffuse gaseous distention of the colonic loops\n of bowel within the upper abdomen.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17055995/s56285032/665d7742-d067640a-b25afbd2-fcb01db1-b6d6e7c9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "04dd2d3b-b0cf87a9-bb364724-243aefcf-5facd320", "study_id": 58531102, "subject_id": 18577540, "report": "impression: No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear stable. There is no\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The lungs appear clear. Bony structures\n are unremarkable. There has been no significant change.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18577540/s58531102/04dd2d3b-b0cf87a9-bb364724-243aefcf-5facd320.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3c9f4e63-ab782964-b76f1cfd-0ab67396-c2575a4b", "study_id": 51992242, "subject_id": 13740705, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13740705/s51992242/3c9f4e63-ab782964-b76f1cfd-0ab67396-c2575a4b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "195e59ff-99dfa45c-784404dd-c284ed2f-d30e03e4", "study_id": 55956507, "subject_id": 16346354, "report": "impression: Cardiomegaly and interstitial pulmonary edema. Persistently prominent hila\n may be due to pulmonary are partial hypertension. . Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable. Hilar contours are\n stable. There is persistent blunting of the right costophrenic angle. There\n is mild increased interstitial markings bilaterally suggesting interstitial\n edema. Left mid lung atelectasis is linear. No pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16346354/s55956507/195e59ff-99dfa45c-784404dd-c284ed2f-d30e03e4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "27db5636-5ac48338-c162ea71-78b0c5c2-eabd85fb", "study_id": 56692775, "subject_id": 18627107, "report": "impression: No acute intrathoracic abnormality. Findings: The cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vasculature are normal. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18627107/s56692775/27db5636-5ac48338-c162ea71-78b0c5c2-eabd85fb.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "25a4da29-677dfc01-3c7bc2e9-ca5766ff-8910f5a1", "study_id": 57718675, "subject_id": 11177224, "report": "impression: 1. Interval increase in interstitial markings raises concern for pulmonary\n edema.\n \n 2. Retrocardiac opacity is consistent with atelectasis or less likely\n pneumonia. Findings: Portable semi-upright radiograph of the chest demonstrates increased\n interstitial markings in the bilateral lungs concerning for pulmonary edema. \n Increased opacification in the retrocardiac region raises concern for\n atelectasis versus pneumonia. There is a small left-sided pleural effusion. \n Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11177224/s57718675/25a4da29-677dfc01-3c7bc2e9-ca5766ff-8910f5a1.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "18a4c626-d4481b14-559c1206-26f54875-dd74e59d", "study_id": 57023953, "subject_id": 10308375, "report": "impression: Right lower lobe pneumonia. Small bilateral pleural effusions. Findings: Ill-defined patchy opacities are seen in the right lung base with\n an associated small right pleural effusion, which is also confirmed in the\n lateral view. A dense left-sided retrocardiac opacity abutting the left\n hemidiaphragm is unchanged since at least ___ compatible with a\n Bochdalek hernia. A small left pleural effusion is also likely present. There\n is biapical pleuro-parenchymal scarring, more conspicuous in the left apex. \n No other focal opacities are identified. Mild cardiomegaly is unchanged from\n prior. There is no pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10308375/s57023953/18a4c626-d4481b14-559c1206-26f54875-dd74e59d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4912b8ce-70f296a3-b9137775-5da5c93b-74948b5e", "study_id": 52546898, "subject_id": 13421580, "report": "As compared to the previous radiograph, there is a slight increase\n in lung volumes, likely reflecting increased ventilatory pressures. The\n pre-existing parenchymal opacities are slightly less severe than on the\n previous image, but still relatively advanced and diffuse. Unchanged presence\n of a left pleural effusion is likely. No pneumothorax.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13421580/s52546898/4912b8ce-70f296a3-b9137775-5da5c93b-74948b5e.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1fc7bf88-79d4deaf-2efe8540-6361e421-37a2c6fa", "study_id": 53502057, "subject_id": 19950864, "report": "impression: Emphysema with mild congestion and edema. Bibasal atelectasis, mild\n cardiomegaly. Findings: Parenchymal abnormality including emphysema with mild interstitial disease\n appears stable. There is mild pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial\n edema. Scarring at the left lung base also unchanged. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Mild cardiomegaly is noted. The aortic knob is calcified.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19950864/s53502057/1fc7bf88-79d4deaf-2efe8540-6361e421-37a2c6fa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e283e6ee-1e78a429-c05396b5-19ed705f-5de5210a", "study_id": 55987322, "subject_id": 10575262, "report": "impression: Unchanged mild cardiomegaly. Otherwise no evidence of congestive heart failure\n or pneumonia. Findings: Cardiac silhouette size remains mildly enlarged but unchanged. Mediastinal and\n hilar contours are stable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear\n without focal consolidation. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present.\n No acute osseous abnormality is identified.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10575262/s55987322/e283e6ee-1e78a429-c05396b5-19ed705f-5de5210a.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4fc9abbd-f405ecdb-ca896442-413d67c8-928fe3c4", "study_id": 58140208, "subject_id": 18095293, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The\n pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear. No pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18095293/s58140208/4fc9abbd-f405ecdb-ca896442-413d67c8-928fe3c4.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "1f0954cd-43cc8945-70cc213a-d2ecdbea-ed886685", "study_id": 54335653, "subject_id": 16683757, "report": "impression: Probable atelectasis at the right lung base. No definite consolidation. Findings: The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes demonstrate calcification of the\n aortic arch but otherwise appear grossly unremarkable. There is slight\n blunting of the right costophrenic angle, probably representing changes of\n atelectasis. No definite consolidative process is seen. No other focal\n pulmonary opacity, pleural effusion, or evidence of pneumothorax. Examination\n of osseous structures demonstrate mild anterior shortening of a mid thoracic\n vertebral body, but are otherwise unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16683757/s54335653/1f0954cd-43cc8945-70cc213a-d2ecdbea-ed886685.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4861b3fb-a6f7f90a-54624d89-31cc606f-beab81a7", "study_id": 53195010, "subject_id": 12056668, "report": "In comparison with study of ___, there is again large left pleural\n effusion and a much smaller right pleural effusion with pigtail catheter in\n place. Bibasilar compressive atelectasis. In the absence of a lateral view,\n the possibility of supervening pneumonia, especially at the left base, cannot\n be excluded. No evidence of vascular congestion.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12056668/s53195010/4861b3fb-a6f7f90a-54624d89-31cc606f-beab81a7.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5a32886d-a4653f96-53ae3fbd-4903075b-320b865d", "study_id": 51038639, "subject_id": 11662490, "report": "Portable supine AP view of the chest obtained. There are low lung\n volumes with bronchovascular crowding. There are subtle lower lobe opacities,\n may reflect atelectasis, less likely pneumonia. No supine evidence of\n pneumothorax or effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.\n The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11662490/s51038639/5a32886d-a4653f96-53ae3fbd-4903075b-320b865d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "5ff8860b-fc277b55-da194e4b-22a5190d-6e95a1aa", "study_id": 57011996, "subject_id": 12458098, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Findings: The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours\n are normal. The lungs are well expanded and clear, without consolidation,\n pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No displaced rib fractures are detected.", "image_path": [ "p12/p12458098/s57011996/5ff8860b-fc277b55-da194e4b-22a5190d-6e95a1aa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "d593896e-25d268b0-0a8ededc-4a4c401c-c72b8357", "study_id": 52153858, "subject_id": 11932181, "report": "impression: Status post left upper lobectomy with left-sided volume loss\n which is increased as compared to the prior study. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The patient\n is status post left upper lobectomy with significant volume loss again seen on\n the left with suggestion of interval increase in volume loss as compared to\n the prior study. No definite pleural effusion is seen. In the visualized\n left lower lung field, there is a patchy opacity likely present on the prior\n study and most likely relates to underlying volume loss, although a\n superimposed infection is not entirely excluded. The right lung is clear. \n There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiac and mediastinal\n silhouettes are grossly stable. Surgical clips in the upper quadrant are from\n presumed prior cholecystectomy.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11932181/s52153858/d593896e-25d268b0-0a8ededc-4a4c401c-c72b8357.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "f08ccf15-c89bcee2-de085991-51e9aa5f-64704b8b", "study_id": 59409243, "subject_id": 11529986, "report": "impression: Grossly clear lungs.\n Large hiatal hernia.\n Bone metastases. Findings: Lung volumes are low, however the lungs are grossly clear. There is a large\n hiatal hernia. The heart and mediastinum are within normal limits. There is\n generalized osteopenia and multilevel spinal degenerative changes. Subtle\n sclerotic lesions in multiple thoracic vertebral bodies likely correspond to\n known sclerotic metastases. No radiographic evidence of obvious progression or\n complications. Thoracolumbar spine kyphosis is worsened since ___.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11529986/s59409243/f08ccf15-c89bcee2-de085991-51e9aa5f-64704b8b.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "50d7481e-a17d3334-1639b695-43ac984e-46ccec4f", "study_id": 58146073, "subject_id": 10738077, "report": "impression: Left PICC tip in unchanged position. No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality. Findings: Left-sided PICC tip terminates in the mid SVC, in unchanged position. Heart\n size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The pulmonary\n vasculature is normal. Minimal subsegmental atelectasis in the left lung base\n is noted. The remainder of the lungs are otherwise clear. No pleural effusion\n or pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10738077/s58146073/50d7481e-a17d3334-1639b695-43ac984e-46ccec4f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e4fdc78b-471e3ec0-c31f9192-82a6febe-ed119e32", "study_id": 54221130, "subject_id": 16957065, "report": "impression: Minimal elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Otherwise, no\n acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Single AP upright portable view of the chest was obtained. No\n focal consolidation is seen. There is minimal elevation of the right\n hemidiaphragm. There is no large pleural effusion. No evidence of\n pneumothorax. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable. No\n displaced fracture is seen.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16957065/s54221130/e4fdc78b-471e3ec0-c31f9192-82a6febe-ed119e32.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "cce40a95-f888ed8b-3d0d8160-c780a8be-dedc172d", "study_id": 55196530, "subject_id": 11842519, "report": "impression: Mild congestive heart failure, with moderate size right and small left pleural\n effusion. Bibasilar airspace opacities likely reflect atelectasis though\n infection is not completely excluded. Findings: The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours are relatively unchanged, with the\n heart size appearing top normal. There is mild pulmonary edema, minimally\n worse when compared to the prior study. Moderate size right and small left\n pleural effusions are relatively unchanged. There are patchy bibasilar\n airspace opacities, likely reflective of atelectasis though infection cannot\n be completely excluded. No pneumothorax is identified. Thoracic posterior\n spinal fusion hardware accomplished by two posterior rods and pedicle screws\n is unchanged. There are multiple clips also demonstrated within the mid back.", "image_path": [ "p11/p11842519/s55196530/cce40a95-f888ed8b-3d0d8160-c780a8be-dedc172d.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "51ccd2f2-81bd59a9-10d57832-76910dd4-9757fbf3", "study_id": 54353558, "subject_id": 19045192, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: Low lung volumes accentuate the cardiomediastinal contours and result in\n crowding of bronchovascular structures. There are no focal areas of\n consolidation to suggest the presence of pneumonia. . Cardiomediastinal\n silhouette is stable. No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.", "image_path": [ "p19/p19045192/s54353558/51ccd2f2-81bd59a9-10d57832-76910dd4-9757fbf3.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "56ba2b4a-a47cedaf-139af8c9-10d8a957-74ec4f4f", "study_id": 59930189, "subject_id": 10337896, "report": "Support and monitoring devices are unchanged in position, and\n cardiomediastinal contours are similar. Interval worsening of pulmonary edema\n as well as slight increase in size of moderate bilateral pleural effusions. \n Otherwise, no relevant short interval change.", "image_path": [ "p10/p10337896/s59930189/56ba2b4a-a47cedaf-139af8c9-10d8a957-74ec4f4f.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "4dd888d7-5b44d24e-8c4900e9-9cdfc9ca-955574e9", "study_id": 54215495, "subject_id": 16139394, "report": "impression: No acute findings. Findings: PA and & lateral views of the chest were provided. The lung volumes are low\n limiting assessment with bronchovascular crowding atelectasis in the lower\n lungs. No convincing evidence of pneumonia. No effusion or pneumothorax is\n seen. The heart and mediastinal contours stable. Bony structures are intact.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16139394/s54215495/4dd888d7-5b44d24e-8c4900e9-9cdfc9ca-955574e9.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "61d53449-02330de6-e967c099-549e42a6-3346afad", "study_id": 56587661, "subject_id": 15846912, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: The lungs are clear. There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or\n focal airspace consolidation. The cardiac and mediastinal contours are\n normal. The hilar structures are unremarkable.", "image_path": [ "p15/p15846912/s56587661/61d53449-02330de6-e967c099-549e42a6-3346afad.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "e63c6663-176a47bc-a0c8f2b2-68d9fe3f-a02b4dfa", "study_id": 53404686, "subject_id": 17691303, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary process. Findings: PA and lateral radiographs demonstrate clear lungs. Markedly\n dextroconvex S-shaped scoliosis of the thoracolumbar spine is noted. Heart\n size is normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Pulmonary\n vascularity is normal.", "image_path": [ "p17/p17691303/s53404686/e63c6663-176a47bc-a0c8f2b2-68d9fe3f-a02b4dfa.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "8820705c-97b6153e-de30a8e7-051cd9d2-cebb4f99", "study_id": 56214826, "subject_id": 16833957, "report": "impression: No acute cardiopulmonary radiographic abnormality. Findings: Normal heart size, mediastinal and hilar contours. Clear lungs. No pleural\n effusion.", "image_path": [ "p16/p16833957/s56214826/8820705c-97b6153e-de30a8e7-051cd9d2-cebb4f99.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "3ff7aa6a-fcc94e00-adc8df6a-de85a781-27c9f662", "study_id": 58917692, "subject_id": 13453133, "report": "impression: There are bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. Right\n effusion is worse compared to ___. Findings: There are bilateral pleural effusions, right greater than left. The right\n effusion is larger than the prior radiograph on ___. There is also\n opacification of the left lung base, which likely represents compression\n atelectasis, but pneumonia cannot be excluded in the appropriate clinical\n setting. No pneumothorax. There is minimal calcification of the aortic arch.\n Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute osseous\n abnormalities.", "image_path": [ "p13/p13453133/s58917692/3ff7aa6a-fcc94e00-adc8df6a-de85a781-27c9f662.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" }, { "id": "418573f9-e9d1de26-ef5715f9-5d7c0434-177c5b61", "study_id": 54584844, "subject_id": 18480741, "report": "impression: Normal chest radiographs.\n \n Dr. ___ was paged at 11:40 a.m. ___ per request. Findings: Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained. The lungs\n are well expanded and clear without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or\n pneumothorax. Heart size is normal. Mediastinal silhouette and hilar\n contours are normal.", "image_path": [ "p18/p18480741/s54584844/418573f9-e9d1de26-ef5715f9-5d7c0434-177c5b61.jpg" ], "split": "val", "image_root": "/home/wenhao/Datasets/med/rad/mimic-cxr-jpg/physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/files" } ] ================================================ FILE: requirements.txt ================================================ absl-py==2.1.0 accelerate==0.21.0 aiofiles==23.2.1 aiohttp==3.9.3 aiosignal==1.3.1 altair==5.2.0 annotated-types==0.6.0 anyio==4.3.0 appdirs==1.4.4 asttokens==2.4.1 async-timeout==4.0.3 attrs==23.2.0 beautifulsoup4==4.12.3 bitsandbytes==0.43.1 braceexpand==0.1.7 cachetools==5.3.3 certifi==2022.12.7 charset-normalizer==2.1.1 click==8.1.7 cmake==3.25.0 comm==0.2.2 contourpy==1.2.0 cycler==0.12.1 DataProperty==1.0.1 datasets==2.16.0 debugpy==1.8.1 decorator==5.1.1 deepspeed==0.14.2 dill==0.3.7 distro==1.9.0 docker-pycreds==0.4.0 docstring_parser==0.16 einops==0.6.1 einops-exts==0.0.4 et-xmlfile==1.1.0 evaluate==0.4.1 exceptiongroup==1.2.1 executing==2.0.1 fastapi==0.110.0 ffmpy==0.3.2 filelock==3.14.0 flash-attn==2.5.9.post1 fonttools==4.50.0 frozenlist==1.4.1 fsspec==2023.10.0 ftfy==6.2.0 gitdb==4.0.11 GitPython==3.1.43 google-api-core==2.19.0 google-api-python-client==2.131.0 google-auth==2.29.0 google-auth-httplib2==0.2.0 google-auth-oauthlib==1.2.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.63.0 gradio==4.16.0 gradio_client==0.8.1 grpcio==1.63.0 gspread==6.1.2 h11==0.14.0 hjson==3.1.0 httpcore==0.17.3 httplib2==0.22.0 httpx==0.24.0 huggingface-hub==0.23.4 idna==3.4 importlib_resources==6.4.0 ipykernel==6.29.4 jedi==0.19.1 Jinja2==3.1.2 joblib==1.4.2 jsonlines==4.0.0 jsonschema==4.21.1 jsonschema-specifications==2023.12.1 jupyter_client==8.6.1 jupyter_core==5.7.2 kiwisolver==1.4.5 linkify-it-py==2.0.3 lit==15.0.7 Markdown==3.6 markdown-it-py==2.2.0 markdown2==2.4.13 MarkupSafe==2.1.3 matplotlib==3.8.3 matplotlib-inline==0.1.7 mbstrdecoder==1.1.3 mdit-py-plugins==0.3.3 mdurl==0.1.2 more-itertools==10.2.0 mpmath==1.3.0 multidict==6.0.5 multiprocess==0.70.15 nest-asyncio==1.6.0 networkx==3.2.1 ninja==1.11.1.1 numexpr==2.10.0 numpy==1.26.3 nvidia-nccl-cu12==2.18.1 oauth2client==4.1.3 oauthlib==3.2.2 # Editable install with no version control (open_clip_torch==2.29.0) openai==0.27.8 openpyxl==3.1.3 orjson==3.9.15 packaging==24.0 pandas==2.2.1 parso==0.8.4 pathvalidate==3.2.0 peft==0.11.1 pexpect==4.9.0 pillow==10.3.0 portalocker==2.8.2 proto-plus==1.23.0 protobuf==4.25.3 psutil==5.9.8 ptyprocess==0.7.0 pure-eval==0.2.2 py-cpuinfo==9.0.0 pyarrow==8.0.0 pyarrow-hotfix==0.6 pyasn1==0.6.0 pyasn1_modules==0.4.0 pydantic==2.6.4 pydantic_core==2.16.3 pydub==0.25.1 Pygments==2.17.2 pynvml==11.5.0 pyparsing==3.1.2 PySocks==1.7.1 pytablewriter==1.2.0 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0 python-multipart==0.0.9 pytz==2024.1 PyYAML==6.0.1 pyzmq==26.0.3 referencing==0.34.0 regex==2023.12.25 requests==2.28.1 requests-oauthlib==2.0.0 responses==0.18.0 rich==13.7.1 rouge-score==0.1.2 rpds-py==0.18.0 rsa==4.9 ruff==0.4.2 sacrebleu==2.4.1 safetensors==0.4.2 scikit-learn==1.2.2 scipy==1.13.1 seaborn==0.13.2 semantic-version==2.10.0 sentencepiece==0.1.99 sentry-sdk==1.43.0 setproctitle==1.3.3 shellingham==1.5.4 shortuuid==1.0.13 shtab==1.7.1 six==1.16.0 smmap==5.0.1 sniffio==1.3.1 soupsieve==2.5 sqlitedict==2.1.0 stack-data==0.6.3 starlette==0.36.3 svgwrite==1.4.3 sympy==1.12 tabledata==1.3.3 tabulate==0.9.0 tcolorpy==0.1.4 tensorboard==2.16.2 tensorboard-data-server==0.7.2 threadpoolctl==3.4.0 timm==1.0.12 tokenizers==0.13.3 tomlkit==0.12.0 toolz==0.12.1 torch==2.1.2+cu118 torchaudio==2.1.2+cu118 torchvision==0.16.2+cu118 tqdm==4.66.4 tqdm-multiprocess==0.0.11 traitlets==5.14.3 transformers==4.33.0 triton==2.1.0 trl==0.8.6 typepy==1.3.2 typer==0.12.3 typing_extensions==4.8.0 tyro==0.8.3 tzdata==2024.1 uc-micro-py==1.0.3 uritemplate==4.1.1 urllib3==1.26.13 uvicorn==0.29.0 wandb==0.16.5 wavedrom==2.0.3.post3 wcwidth==0.2.13 webdataset==0.2.86 websockets==11.0.3 Werkzeug==3.0.2 word2number==1.1 xxhash==3.4.1 yarl==1.9.4 zstandard==0.22.0 ================================================ FILE: scripts/finetune_clip.sh ================================================ export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="1,2" cd ./train/open_clip/src # harvard dataset torchrun --nproc_per_node=2 \ --master_port=12347 \ -m training.main \ --model hf-hub:thaottn/OpenCLIP-resnet50-CC12M \ --train-data '/path/to/train.json' \ --dataset-type radiology \ --img_root /path/to/img_root \ --batch-size 512 \ --precision amp \ --workers 4 \ --lr 0.0001 \ --epochs 360 \ --val-data "/path/to/val.json" \ --val-frequency 10 \ --report-to tensorboard \ --logs /path/to/checkpoints_saving ================================================ FILE: scripts/retrieve_clip_VQA.sh ================================================ cd ./train/open_clip/src || exit CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=1 python ./retrieve_clip_VQA.py \ --img_root /path/to/image_folder \ --train_json /path/to/the/source/json/containing/gt_report \ --eval_json /path/to/the/to/be/retrieved/json_file \ --model_name_or_path hf-hub:thaottn/OpenCLIP-resnet50-CC12M \ --checkpoint_path /path/to/the/fine-tuned/clip_model \ --output_path /path/to/the/output/json_file \ --fixed_k /number/of/report/to/retrieve \ # --clip_threshold 1.5 \ # --eval_type $eval_type ================================================ FILE: scripts/retrieve_clip_report.sh ================================================ cd ./train/open_clip/src || exit CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=1 python ./retrieve_clip_report.py \ --img_root /path/to/image_folder \ --train_json /path/to/the/source/json/containing/gt_report \ --eval_json /path/to/the/to/be/retrieved/json_file \ --model_name_or_path hf-hub:thaottn/OpenCLIP-resnet50-CC12M \ --checkpoint_path /path/to/the/fine-tuned/clip_model \ --output_path /path/to/the/output/json_file \ --eval_type "test" \ --fixed_k /number/of/report/to/retrieve \ # --clip_threshold 1.5 \ ================================================ FILE: scripts/train_dpo_2stages.sh ================================================ CUDA_DEVICES='0,1,2,3' CUDA='1,3' cd ./train/dpo || exit CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$CUDA_DEVICES deepspeed --include localhost:$CUDA ./train/dpo/train_dpo_2stages.py \ --model_name_or_path /path/to/llava-med_model_checkpoint \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --version v1 \ --lora_enable True --lora_r 128 --lora_alpha 256 --mm_projector_lr 2e-5 \ --data_path /path/to/data_json \ --image_folder /path/to/img_folder \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir /path/to/output_checkpoint_saving_location \ --num_train_epochs 3 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 1\ --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 200 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 1e-7 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --report_to wandb \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 1024 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/LICENSE ================================================ Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. 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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/cog.yaml ================================================ # Configuration for Cog ⚙️ # Reference: https://github.com/replicate/cog/blob/main/docs/yaml.md build: gpu: true python_version: "3.11" python_packages: - "torch==2.0.1" - "accelerate==0.21.0" - "bitsandbytes==0.41.0" - "deepspeed==0.9.5" - "einops-exts==0.0.4" - "einops==0.6.1" - "gradio==3.35.2" - "gradio_client==0.2.9" - "httpx==0.24.0" - "markdown2==2.4.10" - "numpy==1.26.0" - "peft==0.4.0" - "scikit-learn==1.2.2" - "sentencepiece==0.1.99" - "shortuuid==1.0.11" - "timm==0.6.13" - "tokenizers==0.13.3" - "torch==2.0.1" - "torchvision==0.15.2" - "transformers==4.31.0" - "wandb==0.15.12" - "wavedrom==2.0.3.post3" - "Pygments==2.16.1" run: - curl -o /usr/local/bin/pget -L "https://github.com/replicate/pget/releases/download/v0.0.3/pget" && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/pget # predict.py defines how predictions are run on your model predict: "predict.py:Predictor" ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/dpo_trainer_2stages.py ================================================ # DPO Authors: Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, and Chelsea Finn 2023 # Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import inspect import random from turtle import shape import warnings from collections import defaultdict from copy import deepcopy from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F from accelerate.utils import is_deepspeed_available from datasets import Dataset from torch.utils.data import DataLoader from transformers import ( AutoModelForCausalLM, DataCollator, PreTrainedModel, PreTrainedTokenizerBase, Trainer, TrainingArguments, ) from transformers.trainer_callback import TrainerCallback from transformers.trainer_utils import EvalLoopOutput # from ..import_utils import is_peft_available, is_wandb_available # from ..models import PreTrainedModelWrapper, create_reference_model # from .utils import DPODataCollatorWithPadding, disable_dropout_in_model, pad_to_length from trl.import_utils import is_peft_available, is_wandb_available from trl.models import PreTrainedModelWrapper, create_reference_model from trl.trainer.utils import DPODataCollatorWithPadding, disable_dropout_in_model, pad_to_length if is_peft_available(): from peft import PeftModel, get_peft_model, prepare_model_for_kbit_training if is_wandb_available(): import wandb if is_deepspeed_available(): import deepspeed class DPOTrainer(Trainer): r""" Initialize DPOTrainer. Args: model (`transformers.PreTrainedModel`): The model to train, preferably an `AutoModelForSequenceClassification`. ref_model (`PreTrainedModelWrapper`): Hugging Face transformer model with a casual language modelling head. Used for implicit reward computation and loss. If no reference model is provided, the trainer will create a reference model with the same architecture as the model to be optimized. beta (`float`, defaults to 0.1): The beta factor in DPO loss. Higher beta means less divergence from the initial policy. loss_type (`str`, defaults to `"sigmoid"`): The type of DPO loss to use. Either `"sigmoid"` the default DPO loss or `"hinge"` loss from SLiC paper. args (`transformers.TrainingArguments`): The arguments to use for training. data_collator (`transformers.DataCollator`): The data collator to use for training. If None is specified, the default data collator (`DPODataCollatorWithPadding`) will be used which will pad the sequences to the maximum length of the sequences in the batch, given a dataset of paired sequences. label_pad_token_id (`int`, defaults to `-100`): The label pad token id. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. padding_value (`int`, defaults to `0`): The padding value. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. truncation_mode (`str`, defaults to `keep_end`): The truncation mode to use, either `keep_end` or `keep_start`. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. train_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for training. eval_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for evaluation. tokenizer (`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase`): The tokenizer to use for training. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. model_init (`Callable[[], transformers.PreTrainedModel]`): The model initializer to use for training. If None is specified, the default model initializer will be used. callbacks (`List[transformers.TrainerCallback]`): The callbacks to use for training. optimizers (`Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR]`): The optimizer and scheduler to use for training. preprocess_logits_for_metrics (`Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]`): The function to use to preprocess the logits before computing the metrics. max_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the sequences in the batch. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_prompt_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the prompt. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_target_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the target. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator and your model is an encoder-decoder. peft_config (`Dict`, defaults to `None`): The PEFT configuration to use for training. If you pass a PEFT configuration, the model will be wrapped in a PEFT model. is_encoder_decoder (`Optional[bool]`, `optional`, defaults to `None`): If no model is provided, we need to know if the model_init returns an encoder-decoder. disable_dropout (`bool`, defaults to `True`): Whether or not to disable dropouts in `model` and `ref_model`. generate_during_eval (`bool`, defaults to `False`): Whether to sample and log generations during evaluation step. compute_metrics (`Callable[[EvalPrediction], Dict]`, *optional*): The function to use to compute the metrics. Must take a `EvalPrediction` and return a dictionary string to metric values. model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the model from a string ref_model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the ref model from a string """ def __init__( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str] = None, ref_model: Optional[Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str]] = None, beta: float = 0.1, loss_type: Literal["sigmoid", "hinge"] = "sigmoid", args: TrainingArguments = None, data_collator: Optional[DataCollator] = None, label_pad_token_id: int = -100, padding_value: int = 0, truncation_mode: str = "keep_end", train_dataset: Optional[Dataset] = None, eval_dataset: Optional[Union[Dataset, Dict[str, Dataset]]] = None, tokenizer: Optional[PreTrainedTokenizerBase] = None, model_init: Optional[Callable[[], PreTrainedModel]] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[TrainerCallback]] = None, optimizers: Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR] = ( None, None, ), preprocess_logits_for_metrics: Optional[Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, max_prompt_length: Optional[int] = None, max_target_length: Optional[int] = None, peft_config: Optional[Dict] = None, is_encoder_decoder: Optional[bool] = None, disable_dropout: bool = True, generate_during_eval: bool = False, compute_metrics: Optional[Callable[[EvalLoopOutput], Dict]] = None, model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ref_model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ): if model_init_kwargs is None: model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(model, str): raise ValueError("You passed model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your model is already instantiated.") if ref_model_init_kwargs is None: ref_model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(ref_model, str): raise ValueError( "You passed ref_model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your ref_model is already instantiated." ) if isinstance(model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM` or a `PeftModel` (if you passed a `peft_config`) for you." ) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model, **model_init_kwargs) if isinstance(ref_model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a ref model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM`" ) ref_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ref_model, **ref_model_init_kwargs) if not is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: raise ValueError( "PEFT is not installed and you passed a `peft_config` in the trainer's kwargs, please install it to use the PEFT models" ) elif is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: # if model is a peft model and we have a peft_config, we merge and unload it first if isinstance(model, PeftModel): # model = model.merge_and_unload() pass # from peft import get_peft_model # model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) if getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_8bit", False) or getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_4bit", False): _support_gc_kwargs = hasattr( args, "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" ) and "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" in list( inspect.signature(prepare_model_for_kbit_training).parameters ) preprare_model_kwargs = {"use_gradient_checkpointing": args.gradient_checkpointing} if _support_gc_kwargs: preprare_model_kwargs["gradient_checkpointing_kwargs"] = args.gradient_checkpointing_kwargs model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, **preprare_model_kwargs) elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) # get peft model with the given config model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) # For models that use gradient_checkpoiting, we need to attach a hook that enables input # to explicitly have `requires_grad=True`, otherwise training will either silently # fail or completely fail. elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) if generate_during_eval and not is_wandb_available(): raise ValueError( "`generate_during_eval=True` requires Weights and Biases to be installed." " Please install `wandb` to resolve." ) if model is not None: self.is_encoder_decoder = model.config.is_encoder_decoder elif is_encoder_decoder is None: raise ValueError("When no model is provided, you need to pass the parameter is_encoder_decoder.") else: self.is_encoder_decoder = is_encoder_decoder self.is_peft_model = is_peft_available() and isinstance(model, PeftModel) if ref_model: self.ref_model = ref_model elif self.is_peft_model: # The `model` with adapters turned off will be used as the reference model self.ref_model = None else: self.ref_model = create_reference_model(model) if data_collator is None: if tokenizer is None: raise ValueError( "max_length or a tokenizer must be specified when using the default DPODataCollatorWithPadding" ) if max_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `512` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_length = 512 if max_prompt_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_prompt_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_prompt_length = 128 if max_target_length is None and self.is_encoder_decoder: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding with an encoder decoder architecture, you should set `max_target_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_target_length = 128 data_collator = DPODataCollatorWithPadding( tokenizer, max_length=max_length, max_prompt_length=max_prompt_length, label_pad_token_id=label_pad_token_id, padding_value=padding_value, truncation_mode=truncation_mode, is_encoder_decoder=self.is_encoder_decoder, max_target_length=max_target_length, ) if args.remove_unused_columns: args.remove_unused_columns = False # warn users warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `remove_unused_columns=False` in your TrainingArguments" " we have set it for you, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) self.use_dpo_data_collator = True else: self.use_dpo_data_collator = False if disable_dropout: disable_dropout_in_model(model) if self.ref_model is not None: disable_dropout_in_model(self.ref_model) self.max_length = max_length self.generate_during_eval = generate_during_eval self.label_pad_token_id = label_pad_token_id self.padding_value = padding_value self.beta = beta self.loss_type = loss_type self._stored_metrics = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list)) super().__init__( model=model, args=args, data_collator=data_collator, train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=eval_dataset, tokenizer=tokenizer, model_init=model_init, compute_metrics=compute_metrics, callbacks=callbacks, optimizers=optimizers, preprocess_logits_for_metrics=preprocess_logits_for_metrics, ) if not hasattr(self, "accelerator"): raise AttributeError( "Your `Trainer` does not have an `accelerator` object. Consider upgrading `transformers`." ) if self.ref_model is None: if not hasattr(self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model), "disable_adapter"): raise ValueError( "You are using a `peft` version that does not support `disable_adapter`. Please update your `peft` version to the latest version." ) else: if self.is_deepspeed_enabled: self.ref_model = self._prepare_deepspeed(self.ref_model) else: self.ref_model = self.accelerator.prepare_model(self.ref_model, evaluation_mode=True) def _prepare_deepspeed(self, model: PreTrainedModelWrapper): # Adapted from accelerate: https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate/blob/739b135f8367becb67ffaada12fe76e3aa60fefd/src/accelerate/accelerator.py#L1473 deepspeed_plugin = self.accelerator.state.deepspeed_plugin config_kwargs = deepcopy(deepspeed_plugin.deepspeed_config) if model is not None: if hasattr(model, "config"): hidden_size = ( max(model.config.hidden_sizes) if getattr(model.config, "hidden_sizes", None) else getattr(model.config, "hidden_size", None) ) if hidden_size is not None and config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] == 3: # Note that `stage3_prefetch_bucket_size` can produce DeepSpeed messages like: `Invalidate trace cache @ step 0: expected module 1, but got module 0` # This is expected and is not an error, see: https://github.com/microsoft/DeepSpeed/discussions/4081 config_kwargs.update( { "zero_optimization.reduce_bucket_size": hidden_size * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_param_persistence_threshold": 10 * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_prefetch_bucket_size": 0.9 * hidden_size * hidden_size, } ) # If ZeRO-3 is used, we shard both the active and reference model. # Otherwise, we assume the reference model fits in memory and is initialized on each device with ZeRO disabled (stage 0) if config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] != 3: config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] = 0 model, *_ = deepspeed.initialize(model=model, config=config_kwargs) model.eval() return model def concatenated_inputs(self, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]]) -> Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]: """Concatenate the chosen and rejected inputs into a single tensor. Args: batch: A batch of data. Must contain the keys 'chosen_input_ids' and 'rejected_input_ids', which are tensors of shape (batch_size, sequence_length). Returns: A dictionary containing the concatenated inputs under the key 'concatenated_input_ids'. """ concatenated_batch = {} if self.is_encoder_decoder: max_length = max(batch["chosen_labels"].shape[1], batch["rejected_labels"].shape[1]) else: max_length = max(batch["chosen_input_ids"].shape[1], batch["rejected_input_ids"].shape[1]) for k in batch: if k.startswith("chosen") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor): pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("chosen", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value) for k in batch: if k.startswith("rejected") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor) and 'image' not in k: pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("rejected", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = torch.cat( ( concatenated_batch[concatenated_key], pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value), ), dim=0, ).to(self.accelerator.device) if self.is_encoder_decoder: concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"] = batch["prompt_input_ids"].repeat(2, 1) concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"] = batch["prompt_attention_mask"].repeat(2, 1) return concatenated_batch def dpo_loss( self, policy_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, policy_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_free: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Compute the DPO loss for a batch of policy and reference model log probabilities. Args: policy_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) policy_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) beta: Temperature parameter for the DPO loss, typically something in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. We ignore the reference model as beta -> 0. reference_free: If True, we ignore the _provided_ reference model and implicitly use a reference model that assigns equal probability to all responses. Returns: A tuple of three tensors: (losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards). The losses tensor contains the DPO loss for each example in the batch. The chosen_rewards and rejected_rewards tensors contain the rewards for the chosen and rejected responses, respectively. """ pi_logratios = policy_chosen_logps - policy_rejected_logps ref_logratios = reference_chosen_logps - reference_rejected_logps if reference_free: ref_logratios = 0 logits = pi_logratios - ref_logratios if self.loss_type == "sigmoid": losses = -F.logsigmoid(self.beta * logits) elif self.loss_type == "hinge": losses = torch.relu(1 - self.beta * logits) else: raise ValueError(f"Unknown loss type: {self.loss_type}. Should be one of ['sigmoid', 'hinge']") chosen_rewards = self.beta * (policy_chosen_logps - reference_chosen_logps).detach() rejected_rewards = self.beta * (policy_rejected_logps - reference_rejected_logps).detach() return losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards def _get_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() logits = logits[:, :-1, :] loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id # dummy token; we'll ignore the losses on these tokens later labels[labels == self.label_pad_token_id] = 0 per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def _get_noisy_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, chosen_logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ # if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: # raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: new_chosen_logits = chosen_logits[:, :-1, :] logits = logits[:, :-1, :] labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id _, max_indices = torch.max(logits, dim=2) per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=max_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # Get top two indices (highest and second-highest logits) # _, top_two_indices = torch.topk(logits, 2, dim=2) # Check if the chosen label is the same as the highest logit # overlap_mask = top_two_indices[:,:,0] == labels # If there is an overlap, use the second highest logit, otherwise use the highest # chosen_indices = torch.where(overlap_mask, top_two_indices[:,:,1], top_two_indices[:,:,0]) # Gather the log probabilities for the chosen indices # per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=chosen_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def concatenated_forward( self, model: nn.Module, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]] ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Run the given model on the given batch of inputs, concatenating the chosen and rejected inputs together. We do this to avoid doing two forward passes, because it's faster for FSDP. """ concatenated_batch = self.concatenated_inputs(batch) len_chosen = batch["chosen_labels"].shape[0] chosen_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][:len_chosen] rejected_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][len_chosen:] chosen_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][:len_chosen] rejected_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][len_chosen:] chosen_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][:len_chosen] rejected_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][len_chosen:] chosen_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": chosen_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("chosen_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) rejected_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": rejected_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("rejected_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) chosen_logits = model( input_ids = chosen_batch, labels = chosen_label, images=batch['images'], attention_mask=chosen_mask, **chosen_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_chosen_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = chosen_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = chosen_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = chosen_label, images = batch['images'] ) chosen_logps = self._get_batch_logps( chosen_logits, new_chosen_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) rejected_logits = model( input_ids = rejected_batch, labels = rejected_label, images=batch['rejected_images'], attention_mask=rejected_mask, **rejected_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_rejected_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = rejected_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = rejected_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = rejected_label, images = batch['rejected_images'], ) rejected_logps = self._get_batch_logps( rejected_logits, new_rejected_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) return (chosen_logps, rejected_logps, chosen_logits, rejected_logits) def get_batch_metrics( self, model, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train", ): """Compute the DPO loss and other metrics for the given batch of inputs for train or test.""" metrics = {} ( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, policy_chosen_logits, policy_rejected_logits, ) = self.concatenated_forward(model, batch) with torch.no_grad(): if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, ) = self.concatenated_forward(self.model, batch) else: ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, ) = self.concatenated_forward(self.ref_model, batch) losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards = self.dpo_loss( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, ) reward_accuracies = (chosen_rewards > rejected_rewards).float() prefix = "eval_" if train_eval == "eval" else "" metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/chosen"] = chosen_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/rejected"] = rejected_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/accuracies"] = reward_accuracies.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/margins"] = (chosen_rewards - rejected_rewards).cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logits.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logits.detach().cpu().mean() return losses.mean(), metrics def compute_loss( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], return_outputs=False, ) -> Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor, Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]]: if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "compute_loss is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="train") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="train") if return_outputs: return (loss, metrics) return loss def get_batch_samples(self, model, batch: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]) -> Tuple[str, str]: """Generate samples from the model and reference model for the given batch of inputs.""" policy_output = model.generate( input_ids=batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): reference_output = self.model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) else: reference_output = self.ref_model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) policy_output = pad_to_length(policy_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) policy_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(policy_output, skip_special_tokens=True) reference_output = pad_to_length(reference_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) reference_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(reference_output, skip_special_tokens=True) return policy_output_decoded, reference_output_decoded def prediction_step( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], prediction_loss_only: bool, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, ): if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "prediction_step is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) if ignore_keys is None: if hasattr(model, "config"): ignore_keys = getattr(model.config, "keys_to_ignore_at_inference", []) else: ignore_keys = [] with torch.no_grad(): loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="eval") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="eval") if prediction_loss_only: return (loss.detach(), None, None) # logits for the chosen and rejected samples from model logits_dict = { "eval_logits/chosen": metrics["eval_logits/chosen"], "eval_logits/rejected": metrics["eval_logits/rejected"], } logits = tuple(v.unsqueeze(dim=0) for k, v in logits_dict.items() if k not in ignore_keys) logits = torch.stack(logits).mean(axis=1).to(self.accelerator.device) labels = torch.zeros(logits.shape[0], device=self.accelerator.device) return (loss.detach(), logits, labels) def store_metrics(self, metrics: Dict[str, float], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train") -> None: for key, value in metrics.items(): self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key].append(value) def evaluation_loop( self, dataloader: DataLoader, description: str, prediction_loss_only: Optional[bool] = None, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, metric_key_prefix: str = "eval", ) -> EvalLoopOutput: """ Overriding built-in evaluation loop to store metrics for each batch. Prediction/evaluation loop, shared by `Trainer.evaluate()` and `Trainer.predict()`. Works both with or without labels. """ # Sample and save to game log if requested (for one batch to save time) if self.generate_during_eval: # Generate random indices within the range of the total number of samples num_samples = len(dataloader.dataset) random_indices = random.sample(range(num_samples), k=self.args.eval_batch_size) # Use dataloader.dataset.select to get the random batch without iterating over the DataLoader random_batch_dataset = dataloader.dataset.select(random_indices) random_batch = self.data_collator(random_batch_dataset) random_batch = self._prepare_inputs(random_batch) policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded = self.get_batch_samples(self.model, random_batch) self.log( { "game_log": wandb.Table( columns=["Prompt", "Policy", "Ref Model"], rows=[ [prompt, pol[len(prompt) :], ref[len(prompt) :]] for prompt, pol, ref in zip( random_batch["prompt"], policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded ) ], ) } ) self.state.log_history.pop() # Base evaluation initial_output = super().evaluation_loop( dataloader, description, prediction_loss_only, ignore_keys, metric_key_prefix ) return initial_output def log(self, logs: Dict[str, float]) -> None: """ Log `logs` on the various objects watching training, including stored metrics. Args: logs (`Dict[str, float]`): The values to log. """ # logs either has 'loss' or 'eval_loss' train_eval = "train" if "loss" in logs else "eval" # Add averaged stored metrics to logs for key, metrics in self._stored_metrics[train_eval].items(): logs[key] = torch.tensor(metrics).mean().item() del self._stored_metrics[train_eval] return super().log(logs) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/__init__.py ================================================ from .model import LlavaLlamaForCausalLM ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/constants.py ================================================ CONTROLLER_HEART_BEAT_EXPIRATION = 30 WORKER_HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL = 15 LOGDIR = "." # Model Constants IGNORE_INDEX = -100 IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX = -200 DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN = "" DEFAULT_IMAGE_PATCH_TOKEN = "" DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN = "" DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN = "" IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER = "" ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/conversation.py ================================================ import dataclasses from enum import auto, Enum from typing import List, Tuple import base64 from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image class SeparatorStyle(Enum): """Different separator style.""" SINGLE = auto() TWO = auto() MPT = auto() PLAIN = auto() LLAMA_2 = auto() @dataclasses.dataclass class Conversation: """A class that keeps all conversation history.""" system: str roles: List[str] messages: List[List[str]] offset: int sep_style: SeparatorStyle = SeparatorStyle.SINGLE sep: str = "###" sep2: str = None version: str = "Unknown" skip_next: bool = False def get_prompt(self): messages = self.messages if len(messages) > 0 and type(messages[0][1]) is tuple: messages = self.messages.copy() init_role, init_msg = messages[0].copy() init_msg = init_msg[0].replace("", "").strip() if 'mmtag' in self.version: messages[0] = (init_role, init_msg) messages.insert(0, (self.roles[0], "")) messages.insert(1, (self.roles[1], "Received.")) else: messages[0] = (init_role, "\n" + init_msg) if self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.SINGLE: ret = self.system + self.sep for role, message in messages: if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += role + ": " + message + self.sep else: ret += role + ":" elif self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.TWO: seps = [self.sep, self.sep2] ret = self.system + seps[0] for i, (role, message) in enumerate(messages): if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += role + ": " + message + seps[i % 2] else: ret += role + ":" elif self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.MPT: ret = self.system + self.sep for role, message in messages: if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += role + message + self.sep else: ret += role elif self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2: wrap_sys = lambda msg: f"<>\n{msg}\n<>\n\n" if len(msg) > 0 else msg wrap_inst = lambda msg: f"[INST] {msg} [/INST]" ret = "" for i, (role, message) in enumerate(messages): if i == 0: assert message, "first message should not be none" assert role == self.roles[0], "first message should come from user" if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message if i == 0: message = wrap_sys(self.system) + message if i % 2 == 0: message = wrap_inst(message) ret += self.sep + message else: ret += " " + message + " " + self.sep2 else: ret += "" ret = ret.lstrip(self.sep) elif self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.PLAIN: seps = [self.sep, self.sep2] ret = self.system for i, (role, message) in enumerate(messages): if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += message + seps[i % 2] else: ret += "" else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid style: {self.sep_style}") return ret def append_message(self, role, message): self.messages.append([role, message]) def process_image(self, image, image_process_mode, return_pil=False, image_format='PNG', max_len=1344, min_len=672): if image_process_mode == "Pad": def expand2square(pil_img, background_color=(122, 116, 104)): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square(image) elif image_process_mode in ["Default", "Crop"]: pass elif image_process_mode == "Resize": image = image.resize((336, 336)) else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid image_process_mode: {image_process_mode}") if max(image.size) > max_len: max_hw, min_hw = max(image.size), min(image.size) aspect_ratio = max_hw / min_hw shortest_edge = int(min(max_len / aspect_ratio, min_len, min_hw)) longest_edge = int(shortest_edge * aspect_ratio) W, H = image.size if H > W: H, W = longest_edge, shortest_edge else: H, W = shortest_edge, longest_edge image = image.resize((W, H)) if return_pil: return image else: buffered = BytesIO() image.save(buffered, format=image_format) img_b64_str = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode() return img_b64_str def get_images(self, return_pil=False): images = [] for i, (role, msg) in enumerate(self.messages[self.offset:]): if i % 2 == 0: if type(msg) is tuple: msg, image, image_process_mode = msg image = self.process_image(image, image_process_mode, return_pil=return_pil) images.append(image) return images def to_gradio_chatbot(self): ret = [] for i, (role, msg) in enumerate(self.messages[self.offset:]): if i % 2 == 0: if type(msg) is tuple: msg, image, image_process_mode = msg img_b64_str = self.process_image( image, "Default", return_pil=False, image_format='JPEG') img_str = f'user upload image' msg = img_str + msg.replace('', '').strip() ret.append([msg, None]) else: ret.append([msg, None]) else: ret[-1][-1] = msg return ret def copy(self): return Conversation( system=self.system, roles=self.roles, messages=[[x, y] for x, y in self.messages], offset=self.offset, sep_style=self.sep_style, sep=self.sep, sep2=self.sep2, version=self.version) def dict(self): if len(self.get_images()) > 0: return { "system": self.system, "roles": self.roles, "messages": [[x, y[0] if type(y) is tuple else y] for x, y in self.messages], "offset": self.offset, "sep": self.sep, "sep2": self.sep2, } return { "system": self.system, "roles": self.roles, "messages": self.messages, "offset": self.offset, "sep": self.sep, "sep2": self.sep2, } conv_vicuna_v0 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "What are the key differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?"), ("Assistant", "Renewable energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally in a relatively " "short amount of time, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. " "Non-renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are finite and will eventually be " "depleted, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Here are some key differences between " "renewable and non-renewable energy sources:\n" "1. Availability: Renewable energy sources are virtually inexhaustible, while non-renewable " "energy sources are finite and will eventually run out.\n" "2. Environmental impact: Renewable energy sources have a much lower environmental impact " "than non-renewable sources, which can lead to air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, " "and other negative effects.\n" "3. Cost: Renewable energy sources can be more expensive to initially set up, but they typically " "have lower operational costs than non-renewable sources.\n" "4. Reliability: Renewable energy sources are often more reliable and can be used in more remote " "locations than non-renewable sources.\n" "5. Flexibility: Renewable energy sources are often more flexible and can be adapted to different " "situations and needs, while non-renewable sources are more rigid and inflexible.\n" "6. Sustainability: Renewable energy sources are more sustainable over the long term, while " "non-renewable sources are not, and their depletion can lead to economic and social instability.\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) conv_vicuna_v1 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="v1", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", ) conv_llama_2 = Conversation( system="""You are a helpful, respectful and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature. If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.""", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="llama_v2", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2, sep="", sep2="", ) conv_llava_llama_2 = Conversation( system="You are a helpful language and vision assistant. " "You are able to understand the visual content that the user provides, " "and assist the user with a variety of tasks using natural language.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="llama_v2", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2, sep="", sep2="", ) conv_mpt = Conversation( system="""<|im_start|>system A conversation between a user and an LLM-based AI assistant. The assistant gives helpful and honest answers.""", roles=("<|im_start|>user\n", "<|im_start|>assistant\n"), version="mpt", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.MPT, sep="<|im_end|>", ) conv_llava_plain = Conversation( system="", roles=("", ""), messages=( ), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.PLAIN, sep="\n", ) conv_llava_v0 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) conv_llava_v0_mmtag = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant is able to understand the visual content that the user provides, and assist the user with a variety of tasks using natural language." "The visual content will be provided with the following format: visual content.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", version="v0_mmtag", ) conv_llava_v1 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="v1", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", ) conv_llava_v1_mmtag = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant is able to understand the visual content that the user provides, and assist the user with a variety of tasks using natural language." "The visual content will be provided with the following format: visual content.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", version="v1_mmtag", ) conv_mistral_instruct = Conversation( system="", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="llama_v2", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2, sep="", sep2="", ) conv_chatml_direct = Conversation( system="""<|im_start|>system Answer the questions.""", roles=("<|im_start|>user\n", "<|im_start|>assistant\n"), version="mpt", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.MPT, sep="<|im_end|>", ) default_conversation = conv_vicuna_v1 conv_templates = { "default": conv_vicuna_v0, "v0": conv_vicuna_v0, "v1": conv_vicuna_v1, "vicuna_v1": conv_vicuna_v1, "llama_2": conv_llama_2, "mistral_instruct": conv_mistral_instruct, "chatml_direct": conv_chatml_direct, "mistral_direct": conv_chatml_direct, "plain": conv_llava_plain, "v0_plain": conv_llava_plain, "llava_v0": conv_llava_v0, "v0_mmtag": conv_llava_v0_mmtag, "llava_v1": conv_llava_v1, "v1_mmtag": conv_llava_v1_mmtag, "llava_llama_2": conv_llava_llama_2, "mpt": conv_mpt, } if __name__ == "__main__": print(default_conversation.get_prompt()) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/conversation_new.py ================================================ import dataclasses from enum import auto, Enum from typing import List, Tuple class SeparatorStyle(Enum): """Different separator style.""" SINGLE = auto() TWO = auto() @dataclasses.dataclass class Conversation: """A class that keeps all conversation history.""" system: str roles: List[str] messages: List[List[str]] offset: int sep_style: SeparatorStyle = SeparatorStyle.SINGLE sep: str = "###" sep2: str = None version: str = "Unknown" skip_next: bool = False def get_prompt(self): if self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.SINGLE: ret = self.system + self.sep for role, message in self.messages: if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += role + ": " + message + self.sep else: ret += role + ":" return ret elif self.sep_style == SeparatorStyle.TWO: seps = [self.sep, self.sep2] ret = self.system + seps[0] for i, (role, message) in enumerate(self.messages): if message: if type(message) is tuple: message, _, _ = message ret += role + ": " + message + seps[i % 2] else: ret += role + ":" return ret else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid style: {self.sep_style}") def append_message(self, role, message): self.messages.append([role, message]) def get_images(self, return_pil=False): images = [] for i, (role, msg) in enumerate(self.messages[self.offset:]): if i % 2 == 0: if type(msg) is tuple: import base64 from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image msg, image, image_process_mode = msg if image_process_mode == "Pad": def expand2square(pil_img, background_color=(122, 116, 104)): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square(image) elif image_process_mode == "Crop": pass elif image_process_mode == "Resize": image = image.resize((224, 224)) else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid image_process_mode: {image_process_mode}") max_hw, min_hw = max(image.size), min(image.size) aspect_ratio = max_hw / min_hw max_len, min_len = 800, 400 shortest_edge = int(min(max_len / aspect_ratio, min_len, min_hw)) longest_edge = int(shortest_edge * aspect_ratio) W, H = image.size if H > W: H, W = longest_edge, shortest_edge else: H, W = shortest_edge, longest_edge image = image.resize((W, H)) if return_pil: images.append(image) else: buffered = BytesIO() image.save(buffered, format="JPEG") img_b64_str = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode() images.append(img_b64_str) return images def to_gradio_chatbot(self): ret = [] for i, (role, msg) in enumerate(self.messages[self.offset:]): if i % 2 == 0: if type(msg) is tuple: import base64 from io import BytesIO msg, image, image_process_mode = msg max_hw, min_hw = max(image.size), min(image.size) aspect_ratio = max_hw / min_hw max_len, min_len = 800, 400 shortest_edge = int(min(max_len / aspect_ratio, min_len, min_hw)) longest_edge = int(shortest_edge * aspect_ratio) W, H = image.size if H > W: H, W = longest_edge, shortest_edge else: H, W = shortest_edge, longest_edge image = image.resize((W, H)) # image = image.resize((224, 224)) buffered = BytesIO() image.save(buffered, format="JPEG") img_b64_str = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode() img_str = f'user upload image' msg = msg.replace('', img_str) ret.append([msg, None]) else: ret[-1][-1] = msg return ret def copy(self): return Conversation( system=self.system, roles=self.roles, messages=[[x, y] for x, y in self.messages], offset=self.offset, sep_style=self.sep_style, sep=self.sep, sep2=self.sep2) def dict(self): if len(self.get_images()) > 0: return { "system": self.system, "roles": self.roles, "messages": [[x, y[0] if type(y) is tuple else y] for x, y in self.messages], "offset": self.offset, "sep": self.sep, "sep2": self.sep2, } return { "system": self.system, "roles": self.roles, "messages": self.messages, "offset": self.offset, "sep": self.sep, "sep2": self.sep2, } conv_v1 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "Give three tips for staying healthy."), ("Assistant", "Sure, here are three tips for staying healthy:\n" "1. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help improve your overall health and wellbeing. " "It can also help reduce your risk of chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, " "and certain cancers. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or " "75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening " "activities at least two days per week.\n" "2. Eat a balanced diet: Eating a balanced diet that is rich in fruits, " "vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help support " "your overall health. Try to limit your intake of processed and high-sugar foods, " "and aim to drink plenty of water throughout the day.\n" "3. Get enough sleep: Getting enough quality sleep is essential for your physical " "and mental health. Adults should aim for seven to nine hours of sleep per night. " "Establish a regular sleep schedule and try to create a relaxing bedtime routine to " "help improve the quality of your sleep.") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) conv_v1_2 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "What are the key differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?"), ("Assistant", "Renewable energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally in a relatively " "short amount of time, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. " "Non-renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are finite and will eventually be " "depleted, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Here are some key differences between " "renewable and non-renewable energy sources:\n" "1. Availability: Renewable energy sources are virtually inexhaustible, while non-renewable " "energy sources are finite and will eventually run out.\n" "2. Environmental impact: Renewable energy sources have a much lower environmental impact " "than non-renewable sources, which can lead to air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, " "and other negative effects.\n" "3. Cost: Renewable energy sources can be more expensive to initially set up, but they typically " "have lower operational costs than non-renewable sources.\n" "4. Reliability: Renewable energy sources are often more reliable and can be used in more remote " "locations than non-renewable sources.\n" "5. Flexibility: Renewable energy sources are often more flexible and can be adapted to different " "situations and needs, while non-renewable sources are more rigid and inflexible.\n" "6. Sustainability: Renewable energy sources are more sustainable over the long term, while " "non-renewable sources are not, and their depletion can lead to economic and social instability.\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) conv_vicuna_v1_1 = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="v1", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", ) conv_bair_v1 = Conversation( system="BEGINNING OF CONVERSATION:", roles=("USER", "GPT"), messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", ) simple_conv_med = Conversation( system="You are LLaVA-Med, a large language and vision assistant trained by a group of researchers at Microsoft, based on the general domain LLaVA architecture." "You are designed to assist human with a variety of medical and clinical research tasks using natural language." "Follow the instructions carefully.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "Hi!"), ("Assistant", "Hi there! How can I help you today?\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) simple_conv = Conversation( system="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. " "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "Hi!"), ("Assistant", "Hi there! How can I help you today?\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) simple_conv_multimodal = Conversation( system="You are LLaVA-Med, a large language and vision assistant trained by a group of researchers at Microsoft, based on the general domain LLaVA architecture." "You are able to understand the visual content that the user provides, and assist the user with a variety of medical and clinical tasks using natural language." "Follow the instructions carefully and explain your answers in detail.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "Hi!"), ("Assistant", "Hi there! How can I help you today?\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) simple_conv_legacy = Conversation( system="You are LLaVA-Med, a large language and vision assistant trained by a group of researchers at Microsoft, based on the general domain LLaVA architecture." "You are designed to assist human with a variety of medical and clinical research tasks using natural language." "Follow the instructions carefully.", roles=("Human", "Assistant"), messages=( ("Human", "Hi!\n\n### Response:"), ("Assistant", "Hi there! How can I help you today?\n") ), offset=2, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, sep="###", ) conv_llava_v1 = Conversation( system="You are LLaVA-Med, a large language and vision assistant trained by a group of researchers at Microsoft, based on the general domain LLaVA architecture." "You are able to understand the visual content that the user provides, and assist the user with a variety of medical and clinical research tasks using natural language." "Follow the instructions carefully and explain your answers in detail.", roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"), version="v1", messages=(), offset=0, sep_style=SeparatorStyle.TWO, sep=" ", sep2="", ) default_conversation = conv_v1_2 conv_templates = { "default": conv_v1_2, "simple": simple_conv, "simple_legacy": simple_conv_legacy, "multimodal": simple_conv_multimodal, "llava_v1": conv_llava_v1, # fastchat "v1": conv_v1_2, "bair_v1": conv_bair_v1, "vicuna_v1_1": conv_vicuna_v1_1, } if __name__ == "__main__": print(default_conversation.get_prompt()) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_gpt_review.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import openai import tqdm import ray import time NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP = 3 @ray.remote(num_cpus=4) def get_eval(content: str, max_tokens: int): while True: try: response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model='gpt-4', messages=[{ 'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.' }, { 'role': 'user', 'content': content, }], temperature=0.2, # TODO: figure out which temperature is best for evaluation max_tokens=max_tokens, ) break except openai.error.RateLimitError: pass except Exception as e: print(e) time.sleep(NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP) print('success!') return response['choices'][0]['message']['content'] def parse_score(review): try: score_pair = review.split('\n')[0] score_pair = score_pair.replace(',', ' ') sp = score_pair.split(' ') if len(sp) == 2: return [float(sp[0]), float(sp[1])] else: print('error', review) return [-1, -1] except Exception as e: print(e) print('error', review) return [-1, -1] if __name__ == '__main__': parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ChatGPT-based QA evaluation.') parser.add_argument('-q', '--question') # parser.add_argument('-a', '--answer') parser.add_argument('-a', '--answer-list', nargs='+', default=[]) parser.add_argument('-r', '--rule') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output') parser.add_argument('--max-tokens', type=int, default=1024, help='maximum number of tokens produced in the output') args = parser.parse_args() ray.init() f_q = open(os.path.expanduser(args.question)) f_ans1 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[0])) f_ans2 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[1])) rule_dict = json.load(open(os.path.expanduser(args.rule), 'r')) review_file = open(f'{args.output}', 'w') js_list = [] handles = [] idx = 0 for ques_js, ans1_js, ans2_js in zip(f_q, f_ans1, f_ans2): # if idx == 1: # break ques = json.loads(ques_js) ans1 = json.loads(ans1_js) ans2 = json.loads(ans2_js) category = json.loads(ques_js)['category'] if category in rule_dict: rule = rule_dict[category] else: rule = rule_dict['default'] prompt = rule['prompt'] role = rule['role'] content = (f'[Question]\n{ques["text"]}\n\n' f'[{role} 1]\n{ans1["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 1]\n\n' f'[{role} 2]\n{ans2["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 2]\n\n' f'[System]\n{prompt}\n\n') js_list.append({ 'id': idx+1, 'question_id': ques['question_id'], 'answer1_id': ans1['answer_id'], 'answer2_id': ans2['answer_id'], 'category': category}) idx += 1 handles.append(get_eval.remote(content, args.max_tokens)) # To avoid the rate limit set by OpenAI time.sleep(NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP) reviews = ray.get(handles) for idx, review in enumerate(reviews): scores = parse_score(review) js_list[idx]['content'] = review js_list[idx]['tuple'] = scores review_file.write(json.dumps(js_list[idx]) + '\n') review_file.close() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_gpt_review_bench.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import openai import time NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP = 0.5 def get_eval(content: str, max_tokens: int): while True: try: response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model='gpt-4-0314', messages=[{ 'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.' }, { 'role': 'user', 'content': content, }], temperature=0.2, # TODO: figure out which temperature is best for evaluation max_tokens=max_tokens, ) break except openai.error.RateLimitError: pass except Exception as e: print(e) time.sleep(NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP) return response['choices'][0]['message']['content'] def parse_score(review): try: score_pair = review.split('\n')[0] score_pair = score_pair.replace(',', ' ') sp = score_pair.split(' ') if len(sp) == 2: return [float(sp[0]), float(sp[1])] else: print('error', review) return [-1, -1] except Exception as e: print(e) print('error', review) return [-1, -1] if __name__ == '__main__': parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ChatGPT-based QA evaluation.') parser.add_argument('-q', '--question') parser.add_argument('-c', '--context') parser.add_argument('-a', '--answer-list', nargs='+', default=[]) parser.add_argument('-r', '--rule') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output') parser.add_argument('--max-tokens', type=int, default=1024, help='maximum number of tokens produced in the output') args = parser.parse_args() f_q = open(os.path.expanduser(args.question)) f_ans1 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[0])) f_ans2 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[1])) rule_dict = json.load(open(os.path.expanduser(args.rule), 'r')) if os.path.isfile(os.path.expanduser(args.output)): cur_reviews = [json.loads(line) for line in open(os.path.expanduser(args.output))] else: cur_reviews = [] review_file = open(f'{args.output}', 'a') context_list = [json.loads(line) for line in open(os.path.expanduser(args.context))] image_to_context = {context['image']: context for context in context_list} handles = [] idx = 0 for ques_js, ans1_js, ans2_js in zip(f_q, f_ans1, f_ans2): ques = json.loads(ques_js) ans1 = json.loads(ans1_js) ans2 = json.loads(ans2_js) inst = image_to_context[ques['image']] if isinstance(inst['caption'], list): cap_str = '\n'.join(inst['caption']) else: cap_str = inst['caption'] category = 'llava_bench_' + json.loads(ques_js)['category'] if category in rule_dict: rule = rule_dict[category] else: assert False, f"Visual QA category not found in rule file: {category}." prompt = rule['prompt'] role = rule['role'] content = (f'[Context]\n{cap_str}\n\n' f'[Question]\n{ques["text"]}\n\n' f'[{role} 1]\n{ans1["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 1]\n\n' f'[{role} 2]\n{ans2["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 2]\n\n' f'[System]\n{prompt}\n\n') cur_js = { 'id': idx+1, 'question_id': ques['question_id'], 'answer1_id': ans1.get('answer_id', ans1['question_id']), 'answer2_id': ans2.get('answer_id', ans2['answer_id']), 'category': category } if idx >= len(cur_reviews): review = get_eval(content, args.max_tokens) scores = parse_score(review) cur_js['content'] = review cur_js['tuple'] = scores review_file.write(json.dumps(cur_js) + '\n') review_file.flush() else: print(f'Skipping {idx} as we already have it.') idx += 1 print(idx) review_file.close() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_gpt_review_visual.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import openai import time NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP = 0.5 def get_eval(content: str, max_tokens: int): while True: try: response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model='gpt-4-0314', messages=[{ 'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.' }, { 'role': 'user', 'content': content, }], temperature=0.2, # TODO: figure out which temperature is best for evaluation max_tokens=max_tokens, ) break except openai.error.RateLimitError: pass except Exception as e: print(e) time.sleep(NUM_SECONDS_TO_SLEEP) return response['choices'][0]['message']['content'] def parse_score(review): try: score_pair = review.split('\n')[0] score_pair = score_pair.replace(',', ' ') sp = score_pair.split(' ') if len(sp) == 2: return [float(sp[0]), float(sp[1])] else: print('error', review) return [-1, -1] except Exception as e: print(e) print('error', review) return [-1, -1] if __name__ == '__main__': parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ChatGPT-based QA evaluation.') parser.add_argument('-q', '--question') parser.add_argument('-c', '--context') parser.add_argument('-a', '--answer-list', nargs='+', default=[]) parser.add_argument('-r', '--rule') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output') parser.add_argument('--max-tokens', type=int, default=1024, help='maximum number of tokens produced in the output') args = parser.parse_args() f_q = open(os.path.expanduser(args.question)) f_ans1 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[0])) f_ans2 = open(os.path.expanduser(args.answer_list[1])) rule_dict = json.load(open(os.path.expanduser(args.rule), 'r')) if os.path.isfile(os.path.expanduser(args.output)): cur_reviews = [json.loads(line) for line in open(os.path.expanduser(args.output))] else: cur_reviews = [] review_file = open(f'{args.output}', 'a') context_list = [json.loads(line) for line in open(os.path.expanduser(args.context))] image_to_context = {context['image']: context for context in context_list} handles = [] idx = 0 for ques_js, ans1_js, ans2_js in zip(f_q, f_ans1, f_ans2): ques = json.loads(ques_js) ans1 = json.loads(ans1_js) ans2 = json.loads(ans2_js) inst = image_to_context[ques['image']] cap_str = '\n'.join(inst['captions']) box_str = '\n'.join([f'{instance["category"]}: {instance["bbox"]}' for instance in inst['instances']]) category = json.loads(ques_js)['category'] if category in rule_dict: rule = rule_dict[category] else: assert False, f"Visual QA category not found in rule file: {category}." prompt = rule['prompt'] role = rule['role'] content = (f'[Context]\n{cap_str}\n\n{box_str}\n\n' f'[Question]\n{ques["text"]}\n\n' f'[{role} 1]\n{ans1["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 1]\n\n' f'[{role} 2]\n{ans2["text"]}\n\n[End of {role} 2]\n\n' f'[System]\n{prompt}\n\n') cur_js = { 'id': idx+1, 'question_id': ques['question_id'], 'answer1_id': ans1.get('answer_id', ans1['question_id']), 'answer2_id': ans2.get('answer_id', ans2['answer_id']), 'category': category } if idx >= len(cur_reviews): review = get_eval(content, args.max_tokens) scores = parse_score(review) cur_js['content'] = review cur_js['tuple'] = scores review_file.write(json.dumps(cur_js) + '\n') review_file.flush() else: print(f'Skipping {idx} as we already have it.') idx += 1 print(idx) review_file.close() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_pope.py ================================================ import os import json import argparse def eval_pope(answers, label_file): label_list = [json.loads(q)['label'] for q in open(label_file, 'r')] for answer in answers: text = answer['text'] # Only keep the first sentence if text.find('.') != -1: text = text.split('.')[0] text = text.replace(',', '') words = text.split(' ') if 'No' in words or 'not' in words or 'no' in words: answer['text'] = 'no' else: answer['text'] = 'yes' for i in range(len(label_list)): if label_list[i] == 'no': label_list[i] = 0 else: label_list[i] = 1 pred_list = [] for answer in answers: if answer['text'] == 'no': pred_list.append(0) else: pred_list.append(1) pos = 1 neg = 0 yes_ratio = pred_list.count(1) / len(pred_list) TP, TN, FP, FN = 0, 0, 0, 0 for pred, label in zip(pred_list, label_list): if pred == pos and label == pos: TP += 1 elif pred == pos and label == neg: FP += 1 elif pred == neg and label == neg: TN += 1 elif pred == neg and label == pos: FN += 1 print('TP\tFP\tTN\tFN\t') print('{}\t{}\t{}\t{}'.format(TP, FP, TN, FN)) precision = float(TP) / float(TP + FP) recall = float(TP) / float(TP + FN) f1 = 2*precision*recall / (precision + recall) acc = (TP + TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) print('Accuracy: {}'.format(acc)) print('Precision: {}'.format(precision)) print('Recall: {}'.format(recall)) print('F1 score: {}'.format(f1)) print('Yes ratio: {}'.format(yes_ratio)) print('%.3f, %.3f, %.3f, %.3f, %.3f' % (f1, acc, precision, recall, yes_ratio) ) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--annotation-dir", type=str) parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str) parser.add_argument("--result-file", type=str) args = parser.parse_args() questions = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.question_file)] questions = {question['question_id']: question for question in questions} answers = [json.loads(q) for q in open(args.result_file)] for file in os.listdir(args.annotation_dir): assert file.startswith('coco_pope_') assert file.endswith('.json') category = file[10:-5] cur_answers = [x for x in answers if questions[x['question_id']]['category'] == category] print('Category: {}, # samples: {}'.format(category, len(cur_answers))) eval_pope(cur_answers, os.path.join(args.annotation_dir, file)) print("====================================") ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_science_qa.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import re import random def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--base-dir', type=str) parser.add_argument('--result-file', type=str) parser.add_argument('--output-file', type=str) parser.add_argument('--output-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--split', type=str, default='test') parser.add_argument('--options', type=list, default=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]) return parser.parse_args() def convert_caps(results): fakecaps = [] for result in results: image_id = result['question_id'] caption = result['text'] fakecaps.append({"image_id": int(image_id), "caption": caption}) return fakecaps def get_pred_idx(prediction, choices, options): """ Get the index (e.g. 2) from the prediction (e.g. 'C') """ if prediction in options[:len(choices)]: return options.index(prediction) else: return -1 return random.choice(range(len(choices))) if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() base_dir = args.base_dir split_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "pid_splits.json")))[args.split] problems = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "problems.json"))) predictions = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.result_file)] predictions = {pred['question_id']: pred for pred in predictions} split_problems = {idx: problems[idx] for idx in split_indices} results = {'correct': [], 'incorrect': []} sqa_results = {} sqa_results['acc'] = None sqa_results['correct'] = None sqa_results['count'] = None sqa_results['results'] = {} sqa_results['outputs'] = {} for prob_id, prob in split_problems.items(): if prob_id not in predictions: pred = {'text': 'FAILED', 'prompt': 'Unknown'} pred_text = 'FAILED' else: pred = predictions[prob_id] pred_text = pred['text'] if pred_text in args.options: answer = pred_text elif len(pred_text) >= 3 and pred_text[0] in args.options and pred_text[1:3] == ". ": answer = pred_text[0] else: pattern = re.compile(r'The answer is ([A-Z]).') res = pattern.findall(pred_text) if len(res) == 1: answer = res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: answer = "FAILED" pred_idx = get_pred_idx(answer, prob['choices'], args.options) analysis = { 'question_id': prob_id, 'parsed_ans': answer, 'ground_truth': args.options[prob['answer']], 'question': pred['prompt'], 'pred': pred_text, 'is_multimodal': '' in pred['prompt'], } sqa_results['results'][prob_id] = get_pred_idx(answer, prob['choices'], args.options) sqa_results['outputs'][prob_id] = pred_text if pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['correct'].append(analysis) else: results['incorrect'].append(analysis) correct = len(results['correct']) total = len(results['correct']) + len(results['incorrect']) ###### IMG ###### multimodal_correct = len([x for x in results['correct'] if x['is_multimodal']]) multimodal_incorrect = len([x for x in results['incorrect'] if x['is_multimodal']]) multimodal_total = multimodal_correct + multimodal_incorrect ###### IMG ###### print(f'Total: {total}, Correct: {correct}, Accuracy: {correct / total * 100:.2f}%, IMG-Accuracy: {multimodal_correct / multimodal_total * 100:.2f}%') sqa_results['acc'] = correct / total * 100 sqa_results['correct'] = correct sqa_results['count'] = total with open(args.output_file, 'w') as f: json.dump(results, f, indent=2) with open(args.output_result, 'w') as f: json.dump(sqa_results, f, indent=2) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_science_qa_gpt4.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import re import random from collections import defaultdict def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--base-dir', type=str) parser.add_argument('--gpt4-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--our-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--split', type=str, default='test') parser.add_argument('--options', type=list, default=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]) return parser.parse_args() def convert_caps(results): fakecaps = [] for result in results: image_id = result['question_id'] caption = result['text'] fakecaps.append({"image_id": int(image_id), "caption": caption}) return fakecaps def get_pred_idx(prediction, choices, options): """ Get the index (e.g. 2) from the prediction (e.g. 'C') """ if prediction in options[:len(choices)]: return options.index(prediction) else: return random.choice(range(len(choices))) if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() base_dir = args.base_dir split_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "pid_splits.json")))[args.split] problems = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "problems.json"))) our_predictions = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.our_result)] our_predictions = {pred['question_id']: pred for pred in our_predictions} split_problems = {idx: problems[idx] for idx in split_indices} gpt4_predictions = json.load(open(args.gpt4_result))['outputs'] results = defaultdict(lambda: 0) for prob_id, prob in split_problems.items(): if prob_id not in our_predictions: continue if prob_id not in gpt4_predictions: continue our_pred = our_predictions[prob_id]['text'] gpt4_pred = gpt4_predictions[prob_id] pattern = re.compile(r'The answer is ([A-Z]).') our_res = pattern.findall(our_pred) if len(our_res) == 1: our_answer = our_res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: our_answer = "FAILED" gpt4_res = pattern.findall(gpt4_pred) if len(gpt4_res) == 1: gpt4_answer = gpt4_res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: gpt4_answer = "FAILED" our_pred_idx = get_pred_idx(our_answer, prob['choices'], args.options) gpt4_pred_idx = get_pred_idx(gpt4_answer, prob['choices'], args.options) if gpt4_answer == 'FAILED': results['gpt4_failed'] += 1 # continue gpt4_pred_idx = our_pred_idx # if our_pred_idx != prob['answer']: # print(our_predictions[prob_id]['prompt']) # print('-----------------') # print(f'LECTURE: {prob["lecture"]}') # print(f'SOLUTION: {prob["solution"]}') # print('=====================') else: # continue pass # gpt4_pred_idx = our_pred_idx if gpt4_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['correct'] += 1 else: results['incorrect'] += 1 if gpt4_pred_idx == prob['answer'] or our_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['correct_upperbound'] += 1 correct = results['correct'] total = results['correct'] + results['incorrect'] print(f'Total: {total}, Correct: {correct}, Accuracy: {correct / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, Correct (upper): {results["correct_upperbound"]}, Accuracy: {results["correct_upperbound"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, GPT-4 NO-ANS (RANDOM): {results["gpt4_failed"]}, Percentage: {results["gpt4_failed"] / total * 100:.2f}%') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_science_qa_gpt4_requery.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os import re import random from collections import defaultdict def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--base-dir', type=str) parser.add_argument('--gpt4-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--requery-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--our-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--output-result', type=str) parser.add_argument('--split', type=str, default='test') parser.add_argument('--options', type=list, default=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]) return parser.parse_args() def convert_caps(results): fakecaps = [] for result in results: image_id = result['question_id'] caption = result['text'] fakecaps.append({"image_id": int(image_id), "caption": caption}) return fakecaps def get_pred_idx(prediction, choices, options): """ Get the index (e.g. 2) from the prediction (e.g. 'C') """ if prediction in options[:len(choices)]: return options.index(prediction) else: return random.choice(range(len(choices))) if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() base_dir = args.base_dir split_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "pid_splits.json")))[args.split] problems = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "problems.json"))) our_predictions = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.our_result)] our_predictions = {pred['question_id']: pred for pred in our_predictions} split_problems = {idx: problems[idx] for idx in split_indices} requery_predictions = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.requery_result)] requery_predictions = {pred['question_id']: pred for pred in requery_predictions} gpt4_predictions = json.load(open(args.gpt4_result))['outputs'] results = defaultdict(lambda: 0) sqa_results = {} sqa_results['acc'] = None sqa_results['correct'] = None sqa_results['count'] = None sqa_results['results'] = {} sqa_results['outputs'] = {} for prob_id, prob in split_problems.items(): if prob_id not in our_predictions: assert False if prob_id not in gpt4_predictions: assert False our_pred = our_predictions[prob_id]['text'] gpt4_pred = gpt4_predictions[prob_id] if prob_id not in requery_predictions: results['missing_requery'] += 1 requery_pred = "MISSING" else: requery_pred = requery_predictions[prob_id]['text'] pattern = re.compile(r'The answer is ([A-Z]).') our_res = pattern.findall(our_pred) if len(our_res) == 1: our_answer = our_res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: our_answer = "FAILED" requery_res = pattern.findall(requery_pred) if len(requery_res) == 1: requery_answer = requery_res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: requery_answer = "FAILED" gpt4_res = pattern.findall(gpt4_pred) if len(gpt4_res) == 1: gpt4_answer = gpt4_res[0] # 'A', 'B', ... else: gpt4_answer = "FAILED" our_pred_idx = get_pred_idx(our_answer, prob['choices'], args.options) gpt4_pred_idx = get_pred_idx(gpt4_answer, prob['choices'], args.options) requery_pred_idx = get_pred_idx(requery_answer, prob['choices'], args.options) results['total'] += 1 if gpt4_answer == 'FAILED': results['gpt4_failed'] += 1 if gpt4_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['gpt4_correct'] += 1 if our_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['gpt4_ourvisual_correct'] += 1 elif gpt4_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['gpt4_correct'] += 1 results['gpt4_ourvisual_correct'] += 1 if our_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['our_correct'] += 1 if requery_answer == 'FAILED': sqa_results['results'][prob_id] = our_pred_idx if our_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['requery_correct'] += 1 else: sqa_results['results'][prob_id] = requery_pred_idx if requery_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['requery_correct'] += 1 else: print(f""" Question ({args.options[prob['answer']]}): {our_predictions[prob_id]['prompt']} Our ({our_answer}): {our_pred} GPT-4 ({gpt4_answer}): {gpt4_pred} Requery ({requery_answer}): {requery_pred} print("=====================================") """) if gpt4_pred_idx == prob['answer'] or our_pred_idx == prob['answer']: results['correct_upperbound'] += 1 total = results['total'] print(f'Total: {total}, Our-Correct: {results["our_correct"]}, Accuracy: {results["our_correct"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, GPT-4-Correct: {results["gpt4_correct"]}, Accuracy: {results["gpt4_correct"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, GPT-4 NO-ANS (RANDOM): {results["gpt4_failed"]}, Percentage: {results["gpt4_failed"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, GPT-4-OursVisual-Correct: {results["gpt4_ourvisual_correct"]}, Accuracy: {results["gpt4_ourvisual_correct"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, Requery-Correct: {results["requery_correct"]}, Accuracy: {results["requery_correct"] / total * 100:.2f}%') print(f'Total: {total}, Correct upper: {results["correct_upperbound"]}, Accuracy: {results["correct_upperbound"] / total * 100:.2f}%') sqa_results['acc'] = results["requery_correct"] / total * 100 sqa_results['correct'] = results["requery_correct"] sqa_results['count'] = total with open(args.output_result, 'w') as f: json.dump(sqa_results, f, indent=2) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/eval_textvqa.py ================================================ import os import argparse import json import re from llava.eval.m4c_evaluator import TextVQAAccuracyEvaluator def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--annotation-file', type=str) parser.add_argument('--result-file', type=str) parser.add_argument('--result-dir', type=str) return parser.parse_args() def prompt_processor(prompt): if prompt.startswith('OCR tokens: '): pattern = r"Question: (.*?) Short answer:" match = re.search(pattern, prompt, re.DOTALL) question = match.group(1) elif 'Reference OCR token: ' in prompt and len(prompt.split('\n')) == 3: if prompt.startswith('Reference OCR token:'): question = prompt.split('\n')[1] else: question = prompt.split('\n')[0] elif len(prompt.split('\n')) == 2: question = prompt.split('\n')[0] else: assert False return question.lower() def eval_single(annotation_file, result_file): experiment_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(result_file))[0] print(experiment_name) annotations = json.load(open(annotation_file))['data'] annotations = {(annotation['image_id'], annotation['question'].lower()): annotation for annotation in annotations} results = [json.loads(line) for line in open(result_file)] pred_list = [] for result in results: annotation = annotations[(result['question_id'], prompt_processor(result['prompt']))] pred_list.append({ "pred_answer": result['text'], "gt_answers": annotation['answers'], }) evaluator = TextVQAAccuracyEvaluator() print('Samples: {}\nAccuracy: {:.2f}%\n'.format(len(pred_list), 100. * evaluator.eval_pred_list(pred_list))) if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() if args.result_file is not None: eval_single(args.annotation_file, args.result_file) if args.result_dir is not None: for result_file in sorted(os.listdir(args.result_dir)): if not result_file.endswith('.jsonl'): print(f'Skipping {result_file}') continue eval_single(args.annotation_file, os.path.join(args.result_dir, result_file)) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/generate_webpage_data_from_table.py ================================================ """Generate json file for webpage.""" import json import os import re # models = ['llama', 'alpaca', 'gpt35', 'bard'] models = ['vicuna'] def read_jsonl(path: str, key: str=None): data = [] with open(os.path.expanduser(path)) as f: for line in f: if not line: continue data.append(json.loads(line)) if key is not None: data.sort(key=lambda x: x[key]) data = {item[key]: item for item in data} return data def trim_hanging_lines(s: str, n: int) -> str: s = s.strip() for _ in range(n): s = s.split('\n', 1)[1].strip() return s if __name__ == '__main__': questions = read_jsonl('table/question.jsonl', key='question_id') # alpaca_answers = read_jsonl('table/answer/answer_alpaca-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') # bard_answers = read_jsonl('table/answer/answer_bard.jsonl', key='question_id') # gpt35_answers = read_jsonl('table/answer/answer_gpt35.jsonl', key='question_id') # llama_answers = read_jsonl('table/answer/answer_llama-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') vicuna_answers = read_jsonl('table/answer/answer_vicuna-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') ours_answers = read_jsonl('table/results/llama-13b-hf-alpaca.jsonl', key='question_id') review_vicuna = read_jsonl('table/review/review_vicuna-13b_llama-13b-hf-alpaca.jsonl', key='question_id') # review_alpaca = read_jsonl('table/review/review_alpaca-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') # review_bard = read_jsonl('table/review/review_bard_vicuna-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') # review_gpt35 = read_jsonl('table/review/review_gpt35_vicuna-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') # review_llama = read_jsonl('table/review/review_llama-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl', key='question_id') records = [] for qid in questions.keys(): r = { 'id': qid, 'category': questions[qid]['category'], 'question': questions[qid]['text'], 'answers': { # 'alpaca': alpaca_answers[qid]['text'], # 'llama': llama_answers[qid]['text'], # 'bard': bard_answers[qid]['text'], # 'gpt35': gpt35_answers[qid]['text'], 'vicuna': vicuna_answers[qid]['text'], 'ours': ours_answers[qid]['text'], }, 'evaluations': { # 'alpaca': review_alpaca[qid]['text'], # 'llama': review_llama[qid]['text'], # 'bard': review_bard[qid]['text'], 'vicuna': review_vicuna[qid]['content'], # 'gpt35': review_gpt35[qid]['text'], }, 'scores': { 'vicuna': review_vicuna[qid]['tuple'], # 'alpaca': review_alpaca[qid]['score'], # 'llama': review_llama[qid]['score'], # 'bard': review_bard[qid]['score'], # 'gpt35': review_gpt35[qid]['score'], }, } # cleanup data cleaned_evals = {} for k, v in r['evaluations'].items(): v = v.strip() lines = v.split('\n') # trim the first line if it's a pair of numbers if re.match(r'\d+[, ]+\d+', lines[0]): lines = lines[1:] v = '\n'.join(lines) cleaned_evals[k] = v.replace('Assistant 1', "**Assistant 1**").replace('Assistant 2', '**Assistant 2**') r['evaluations'] = cleaned_evals records.append(r) # Reorder the records, this is optional for r in records: if r['id'] <= 20: r['id'] += 60 else: r['id'] -= 20 for r in records: if r['id'] <= 50: r['id'] += 10 elif 50 < r['id'] <= 60: r['id'] -= 50 for r in records: if r['id'] == 7: r['id'] = 1 elif r['id'] < 7: r['id'] += 1 records.sort(key=lambda x: x['id']) # Write to file with open('webpage/data.json', 'w') as f: json.dump({'questions': records, 'models': models}, f, indent=2) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/m4c_evaluator.py ================================================ # Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. import re from tqdm import tqdm class EvalAIAnswerProcessor: """ Processes an answer similar to Eval AI copied from https://github.com/facebookresearch/mmf/blob/c46b3b3391275b4181567db80943473a89ab98ab/pythia/tasks/processors.py#L897 """ CONTRACTIONS = { "aint": "ain't", "arent": "aren't", "cant": "can't", "couldve": "could've", "couldnt": "couldn't", "couldn'tve": "couldn't've", "couldnt've": "couldn't've", "didnt": "didn't", "doesnt": "doesn't", "dont": "don't", "hadnt": "hadn't", "hadnt've": "hadn't've", "hadn'tve": "hadn't've", "hasnt": "hasn't", "havent": "haven't", "hed": "he'd", "hed've": "he'd've", "he'dve": "he'd've", "hes": "he's", "howd": "how'd", "howll": "how'll", "hows": "how's", "Id've": "I'd've", "I'dve": "I'd've", "Im": "I'm", "Ive": "I've", "isnt": "isn't", "itd": "it'd", "itd've": "it'd've", "it'dve": "it'd've", "itll": "it'll", "let's": "let's", "maam": "ma'am", "mightnt": "mightn't", "mightnt've": "mightn't've", "mightn'tve": "mightn't've", "mightve": "might've", "mustnt": "mustn't", "mustve": "must've", "neednt": "needn't", "notve": "not've", "oclock": "o'clock", "oughtnt": "oughtn't", "ow's'at": "'ow's'at", "'ows'at": "'ow's'at", "'ow'sat": "'ow's'at", "shant": "shan't", "shed've": "she'd've", "she'dve": "she'd've", "she's": "she's", "shouldve": "should've", "shouldnt": "shouldn't", "shouldnt've": "shouldn't've", "shouldn'tve": "shouldn't've", "somebody'd": "somebodyd", "somebodyd've": "somebody'd've", "somebody'dve": "somebody'd've", "somebodyll": "somebody'll", "somebodys": "somebody's", "someoned": "someone'd", "someoned've": "someone'd've", "someone'dve": "someone'd've", "someonell": "someone'll", "someones": "someone's", "somethingd": "something'd", "somethingd've": "something'd've", "something'dve": "something'd've", "somethingll": "something'll", "thats": "that's", "thered": "there'd", "thered've": "there'd've", "there'dve": "there'd've", "therere": "there're", "theres": "there's", "theyd": "they'd", "theyd've": "they'd've", "they'dve": "they'd've", "theyll": "they'll", "theyre": "they're", "theyve": "they've", "twas": "'twas", "wasnt": "wasn't", "wed've": "we'd've", "we'dve": "we'd've", "weve": "we've", "werent": "weren't", "whatll": "what'll", "whatre": "what're", "whats": "what's", "whatve": "what've", "whens": "when's", "whered": "where'd", "wheres": "where's", "whereve": "where've", "whod": "who'd", "whod've": "who'd've", "who'dve": "who'd've", "wholl": "who'll", "whos": "who's", "whove": "who've", "whyll": "why'll", "whyre": "why're", "whys": "why's", "wont": "won't", "wouldve": "would've", "wouldnt": "wouldn't", "wouldnt've": "wouldn't've", "wouldn'tve": "wouldn't've", "yall": "y'all", "yall'll": "y'all'll", "y'allll": "y'all'll", "yall'd've": "y'all'd've", "y'alld've": "y'all'd've", "y'all'dve": "y'all'd've", "youd": "you'd", "youd've": "you'd've", "you'dve": "you'd've", "youll": "you'll", "youre": "you're", "youve": "you've", } NUMBER_MAP = { "none": "0", "zero": "0", "one": "1", "two": "2", "three": "3", "four": "4", "five": "5", "six": "6", "seven": "7", "eight": "8", "nine": "9", "ten": "10", } ARTICLES = ["a", "an", "the"] PERIOD_STRIP = re.compile(r"(?!<=\d)(\.)(?!\d)") COMMA_STRIP = re.compile(r"(?<=\d)(\,)+(?=\d)") PUNCTUATIONS = [ ";", r"/", "[", "]", '"', "{", "}", "(", ")", "=", "+", "\\", "_", "-", ">", "<", "@", "`", ",", "?", "!", ] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): pass def word_tokenize(self, word): word = word.lower() word = word.replace(",", "").replace("?", "").replace("'s", " 's") return word.strip() def process_punctuation(self, in_text): out_text = in_text for p in self.PUNCTUATIONS: if (p + " " in in_text or " " + p in in_text) or ( re.search(self.COMMA_STRIP, in_text) is not None ): out_text = out_text.replace(p, "") else: out_text = out_text.replace(p, " ") out_text = self.PERIOD_STRIP.sub("", out_text, re.UNICODE) return out_text def process_digit_article(self, in_text): out_text = [] temp_text = in_text.lower().split() for word in temp_text: word = self.NUMBER_MAP.setdefault(word, word) if word not in self.ARTICLES: out_text.append(word) else: pass for word_id, word in enumerate(out_text): if word in self.CONTRACTIONS: out_text[word_id] = self.CONTRACTIONS[word] out_text = " ".join(out_text) return out_text def __call__(self, item): item = self.word_tokenize(item) item = item.replace("\n", " ").replace("\t", " ").strip() item = self.process_punctuation(item) item = self.process_digit_article(item) return item class TextVQAAccuracyEvaluator: def __init__(self): self.answer_processor = EvalAIAnswerProcessor() def _compute_answer_scores(self, raw_answers): """ compute the accuracy (soft score) of human answers """ answers = [self.answer_processor(a) for a in raw_answers] assert len(answers) == 10 gt_answers = list(enumerate(answers)) unique_answers = set(answers) unique_answer_scores = {} for unique_answer in unique_answers: accs = [] for gt_answer in gt_answers: other_answers = [item for item in gt_answers if item != gt_answer] matching_answers = [ item for item in other_answers if item[1] == unique_answer ] acc = min(1, float(len(matching_answers)) / 3) accs.append(acc) unique_answer_scores[unique_answer] = sum(accs) / len(accs) return unique_answer_scores def eval_pred_list(self, pred_list): pred_scores = [] for entry in tqdm(pred_list): pred_answer = self.answer_processor(entry["pred_answer"]) unique_answer_scores = self._compute_answer_scores(entry["gt_answers"]) score = unique_answer_scores.get(pred_answer, 0.0) pred_scores.append(score) accuracy = sum(pred_scores) / len(pred_scores) return accuracy class STVQAAccuracyEvaluator: def __init__(self): self.answer_processor = EvalAIAnswerProcessor() def eval_pred_list(self, pred_list): pred_scores = [] for entry in pred_list: pred_answer = self.answer_processor(entry["pred_answer"]) gts = [self.answer_processor(a) for a in entry["gt_answers"]] score = 1.0 if pred_answer in gts else 0.0 pred_scores.append(score) accuracy = sum(pred_scores) / len(pred_scores) return accuracy class STVQAANLSEvaluator: def __init__(self): import editdistance # install with `pip install editdistance` self.get_edit_distance = editdistance.eval def get_anls(self, s1, s2): s1 = s1.lower().strip() s2 = s2.lower().strip() iou = 1 - self.get_edit_distance(s1, s2) / max(len(s1), len(s2)) anls = iou if iou >= 0.5 else 0.0 return anls def eval_pred_list(self, pred_list): pred_scores = [] for entry in pred_list: anls = max( self.get_anls(entry["pred_answer"], gt) for gt in entry["gt_answers"] ) pred_scores.append(anls) accuracy = sum(pred_scores) / len(pred_scores) return accuracy class TextCapsBleu4Evaluator: def __init__(self): # The following script requires Java 1.8.0 and pycocotools installed. # The pycocoevalcap can be installed with pip as # pip install git+https://github.com/ronghanghu/coco-caption.git@python23 # Original pycocoevalcap code is at https://github.com/tylin/coco-caption # but has no python3 support yet. try: from pycocoevalcap.bleu.bleu import Bleu from pycocoevalcap.tokenizer.ptbtokenizer import PTBTokenizer except ModuleNotFoundError: print( "Please install pycocoevalcap module using " "pip install git+https://github.com/ronghanghu/coco-caption.git@python23" # noqa ) raise self.tokenizer = PTBTokenizer() self.scorer = Bleu(4) def eval_pred_list(self, pred_list): # Create reference and hypotheses captions. gts = {} res = {} for idx, entry in enumerate(pred_list): gts[idx] = [{"caption": a} for a in entry["gt_answers"]] res[idx] = [{"caption": entry["pred_answer"]}] gts = self.tokenizer.tokenize(gts) res = self.tokenizer.tokenize(res) score, _ = self.scorer.compute_score(gts, res) bleu4 = score[3] # score is (Bleu-1, Bleu-2, Bleu-3, Bleu-4) return bleu4 ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/model_qa.py ================================================ import argparse from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, StoppingCriteria import torch import os import json from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.conversation import default_conversation from llava.utils import disable_torch_init @torch.inference_mode() def eval_model(model_name, questions_file, answers_file): # Model disable_torch_init() model_name = os.path.expanduser(model_name) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, use_fast=False) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, torch_dtype=torch.float16).cuda() ques_file = open(os.path.expanduser(questions_file), "r") ans_file = open(os.path.expanduser(answers_file), "w") for i, line in enumerate(tqdm(ques_file)): idx = json.loads(line)["question_id"] qs = json.loads(line)["text"] cat = json.loads(line)["category"] conv = default_conversation.copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) prompt = conv.get_prompt() inputs = tokenizer([prompt]) input_ids = torch.as_tensor(inputs.input_ids).cuda() output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, do_sample=True, use_cache=True, temperature=0.7, max_new_tokens=1024,) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0] try: index = outputs.index(conv.sep, len(prompt)) except ValueError: outputs += conv.sep index = outputs.index(conv.sep, len(prompt)) outputs = outputs[len(prompt) + len(conv.roles[1]) + 2:index].strip() ans_id = shortuuid.uuid() ans_file.write(json.dumps({"question_id": idx, "text": outputs, "answer_id": ans_id, "model_id": model_name, "metadata": {}}) + "\n") ans_file.flush() ans_file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-name", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str, default="tables/question.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--answers-file", type=str, default="answer.jsonl") args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args.model_name, args.question_file, args.answers_file) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/model_vqa.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import os import json from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, process_images, get_model_name_from_path from PIL import Image import math def split_list(lst, n): """Split a list into n (roughly) equal-sized chunks""" chunk_size = math.ceil(len(lst) / n) # integer division return [lst[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)] def get_chunk(lst, n, k): chunks = split_list(lst, n) return chunks[k] def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_path = os.path.expanduser(args.model_path) model_name = get_model_name_from_path(model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(model_path, args.model_base, model_name) questions = [json.loads(q) for q in open(os.path.expanduser(args.question_file), "r")] questions = get_chunk(questions, args.num_chunks, args.chunk_idx) answers_file = os.path.expanduser(args.answers_file) os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(answers_file), exist_ok=True) ans_file = open(answers_file, "w") for line in tqdm(questions): idx = line["question_id"] image_file = line["image"] qs = line["text"] cur_prompt = qs if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + qs conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).cuda() image = Image.open(os.path.join(args.image_folder, image_file)).convert('RGB') image_tensor = process_images([image], image_processor, model.config)[0] with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=image_tensor.unsqueeze(0).half().cuda(), image_sizes=[image.size], do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, top_p=args.top_p, num_beams=args.num_beams, # no_repeat_ngram_size=3, max_new_tokens=1024, use_cache=True) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip() ans_id = shortuuid.uuid() ans_file.write(json.dumps({"question_id": idx, "prompt": cur_prompt, "text": outputs, "answer_id": ans_id, "model_id": model_name, "metadata": {}}) + "\n") ans_file.flush() ans_file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-folder", type=str, default="") parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str, default="tables/question.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--answers-file", type=str, default="answer.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default="llava_v1") parser.add_argument("--num-chunks", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--chunk-idx", type=int, default=0) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--top_p", type=float, default=None) parser.add_argument("--num_beams", type=int, default=1) args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/model_vqa_loader.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import os import json from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, process_images, get_model_name_from_path from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader from PIL import Image import math def split_list(lst, n): """Split a list into n (roughly) equal-sized chunks""" chunk_size = math.ceil(len(lst) / n) # integer division return [lst[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)] def get_chunk(lst, n, k): chunks = split_list(lst, n) return chunks[k] # Custom dataset class class CustomDataset(Dataset): def __init__(self, questions, image_folder, tokenizer, image_processor, model_config): self.questions = questions self.image_folder = image_folder self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.image_processor = image_processor self.model_config = model_config def __getitem__(self, index): line = self.questions[index] image_file = line["image"] qs = line["text"] if self.model_config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + qs conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() image = Image.open(os.path.join(self.image_folder, image_file)).convert('RGB') image_tensor = process_images([image], self.image_processor, self.model_config)[0] input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, self.tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt') return input_ids, image_tensor, image.size def __len__(self): return len(self.questions) def collate_fn(batch): input_ids, image_tensors, image_sizes = zip(*batch) input_ids = torch.stack(input_ids, dim=0) image_tensors = torch.stack(image_tensors, dim=0) return input_ids, image_tensors, image_sizes # DataLoader def create_data_loader(questions, image_folder, tokenizer, image_processor, model_config, batch_size=1, num_workers=4): assert batch_size == 1, "batch_size must be 1" dataset = CustomDataset(questions, image_folder, tokenizer, image_processor, model_config) data_loader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size, num_workers=num_workers, shuffle=False, collate_fn=collate_fn) return data_loader def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_path = os.path.expanduser(args.model_path) model_name = get_model_name_from_path(model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(model_path, args.model_base, model_name) questions = [json.loads(q) for q in open(os.path.expanduser(args.question_file), "r")] questions = get_chunk(questions, args.num_chunks, args.chunk_idx) answers_file = os.path.expanduser(args.answers_file) os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(answers_file), exist_ok=True) ans_file = open(answers_file, "w") if 'plain' in model_name and 'finetune' not in model_name.lower() and 'mmtag' not in args.conv_mode: args.conv_mode = args.conv_mode + '_mmtag' print(f'It seems that this is a plain model, but it is not using a mmtag prompt, auto switching to {args.conv_mode}.') data_loader = create_data_loader(questions, args.image_folder, tokenizer, image_processor, model.config) for (input_ids, image_tensor, image_sizes), line in tqdm(zip(data_loader, questions), total=len(questions)): idx = line["question_id"] cur_prompt = line["text"] input_ids = input_ids.to(device='cuda', non_blocking=True) with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=image_tensor.to(dtype=torch.float16, device='cuda', non_blocking=True), image_sizes=image_sizes, do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, top_p=args.top_p, num_beams=args.num_beams, max_new_tokens=args.max_new_tokens, use_cache=True) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip() ans_id = shortuuid.uuid() ans_file.write(json.dumps({"question_id": idx, "prompt": cur_prompt, "text": outputs, "answer_id": ans_id, "model_id": model_name, "metadata": {}}) + "\n") # ans_file.flush() ans_file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-folder", type=str, default="") parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str, default="tables/question.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--answers-file", type=str, default="answer.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default="llava_v1") parser.add_argument("--num-chunks", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--chunk-idx", type=int, default=0) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--top_p", type=float, default=None) parser.add_argument("--num_beams", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--max_new_tokens", type=int, default=128) args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/model_vqa_mmbench.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import os import json import pandas as pd from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, process_images, load_image_from_base64, get_model_name_from_path from PIL import Image import math all_options = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] def split_list(lst, n): """Split a list into n (roughly) equal-sized chunks""" chunk_size = math.ceil(len(lst) / n) # integer division return [lst[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)] def get_chunk(lst, n, k): chunks = split_list(lst, n) return chunks[k] def is_none(value): if value is None: return True if type(value) is float and math.isnan(value): return True if type(value) is str and value.lower() == 'nan': return True if type(value) is str and value.lower() == 'none': return True return False def get_options(row, options): parsed_options = [] for option in options: option_value = row[option] if is_none(option_value): break parsed_options.append(option_value) return parsed_options def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_path = os.path.expanduser(args.model_path) model_name = get_model_name_from_path(model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(model_path, args.model_base, model_name) questions = pd.read_table(os.path.expanduser(args.question_file)) questions = get_chunk(questions, args.num_chunks, args.chunk_idx) answers_file = os.path.expanduser(args.answers_file) os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(answers_file), exist_ok=True) ans_file = open(answers_file, "w") if 'plain' in model_name and 'finetune' not in model_name.lower() and 'mmtag' not in args.conv_mode: args.conv_mode = args.conv_mode + '_mmtag' print(f'It seems that this is a plain model, but it is not using a mmtag prompt, auto switching to {args.conv_mode}.') for index, row in tqdm(questions.iterrows(), total=len(questions)): options = get_options(row, all_options) cur_option_char = all_options[:len(options)] if args.all_rounds: num_rounds = len(options) else: num_rounds = 1 for round_idx in range(num_rounds): idx = row['index'] question = row['question'] hint = row['hint'] image = load_image_from_base64(row['image']) if not is_none(hint): question = hint + '\n' + question for option_char, option in zip(all_options[:len(options)], options): question = question + '\n' + option_char + '. ' + option qs = cur_prompt = question if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + qs if args.single_pred_prompt: if args.lang == 'cn': qs = qs + '\n' + "请直接回答选项字母。" else: qs = qs + '\n' + "Answer with the option's letter from the given choices directly." conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).cuda() image_tensor = process_images([image], image_processor, model.config)[0] with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=image_tensor.unsqueeze(0).half().cuda(), image_sizes=[image.size], do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, top_p=args.top_p, num_beams=args.num_beams, # no_repeat_ngram_size=3, max_new_tokens=1024, use_cache=True) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip() ans_id = shortuuid.uuid() ans_file.write(json.dumps({"question_id": idx, "round_id": round_idx, "prompt": cur_prompt, "text": outputs, "options": options, "option_char": cur_option_char, "answer_id": ans_id, "model_id": model_name, "metadata": {}}) + "\n") ans_file.flush() # rotate options options = options[1:] + options[:1] cur_option_char = cur_option_char[1:] + cur_option_char[:1] ans_file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-folder", type=str, default="") parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str, default="tables/question.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--answers-file", type=str, default="answer.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default="llava_v1") parser.add_argument("--num-chunks", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--chunk-idx", type=int, default=0) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--top_p", type=float, default=None) parser.add_argument("--num_beams", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--all-rounds", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--single-pred-prompt", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--lang", type=str, default="en") args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/model_vqa_science.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import os import json from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, process_images, get_model_name_from_path from PIL import Image import math def split_list(lst, n): """Split a list into n (roughly) equal-sized chunks""" chunk_size = math.ceil(len(lst) / n) # integer division return [lst[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)] def get_chunk(lst, n, k): chunks = split_list(lst, n) return chunks[k] def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_path = os.path.expanduser(args.model_path) model_name = get_model_name_from_path(model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(model_path, args.model_base, model_name) questions = json.load(open(os.path.expanduser(args.question_file), "r")) questions = get_chunk(questions, args.num_chunks, args.chunk_idx) answers_file = os.path.expanduser(args.answers_file) os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(answers_file), exist_ok=True) ans_file = open(answers_file, "w") for i, line in enumerate(tqdm(questions)): idx = line["id"] question = line['conversations'][0] qs = question['value'].replace('', '').strip() cur_prompt = qs if 'image' in line: image_file = line["image"] image = Image.open(os.path.join(args.image_folder, image_file)) image_tensor = process_images([image], image_processor, model.config)[0] images = image_tensor.unsqueeze(0).half().cuda() image_sizes = [image.size] if getattr(model.config, 'mm_use_im_start_end', False): qs = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + qs cur_prompt = '' + '\n' + cur_prompt else: images = None image_sizes = None if args.single_pred_prompt: qs = qs + '\n' + "Answer with the option's letter from the given choices directly." cur_prompt = cur_prompt + '\n' + "Answer with the option's letter from the given choices directly." conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).cuda() with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=images, image_sizes=image_sizes, do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, max_new_tokens=1024, use_cache=True, ) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip() ans_id = shortuuid.uuid() ans_file.write(json.dumps({"question_id": idx, "prompt": cur_prompt, "text": outputs, "answer_id": ans_id, "model_id": model_name, "metadata": {}}) + "\n") ans_file.flush() ans_file.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-folder", type=str, default="") parser.add_argument("--question-file", type=str, default="tables/question.json") parser.add_argument("--answers-file", type=str, default="answer.jsonl") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default="llava_v0") parser.add_argument("--num-chunks", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--chunk-idx", type=int, default=0) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--answer-prompter", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--single-pred-prompt", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/qa_baseline_gpt35.py ================================================ """Generate answers with GPT-3.5""" # Note: you need to be using OpenAI Python v0.27.0 for the code below to work import argparse import json import os import time import concurrent.futures import openai import tqdm import shortuuid MODEL = 'gpt-3.5-turbo' MODEL_ID = 'gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327' def get_answer(question_id: int, question: str, max_tokens: int): ans = { 'answer_id': shortuuid.uuid(), 'question_id': question_id, 'model_id': MODEL_ID, } for _ in range(3): try: response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model=MODEL, messages=[{ 'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a helpful assistant.' }, { 'role': 'user', 'content': question, }], max_tokens=max_tokens, ) ans['text'] = response['choices'][0]['message']['content'] return ans except Exception as e: print('[ERROR]', e) ans['text'] = '#ERROR#' time.sleep(1) return ans if __name__ == '__main__': parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ChatGPT answer generation.') parser.add_argument('-q', '--question') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output') parser.add_argument('--max-tokens', type=int, default=1024, help='maximum number of tokens produced in the output') args = parser.parse_args() questions_dict = {} with open(os.path.expanduser(args.question)) as f: for line in f: if not line: continue q = json.loads(line) questions_dict[q['question_id']] = q['text'] answers = [] with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=32) as executor: futures = [] for qid, question in questions_dict.items(): future = executor.submit(get_answer, qid, question, args.max_tokens) futures.append(future) for future in tqdm.tqdm(concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures), total=len(futures)): answers.append(future.result()) answers.sort(key=lambda x: x['question_id']) with open(os.path.expanduser(args.output), 'w') as f: table = [json.dumps(ans) for ans in answers] f.write('\n'.join(table)) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/run_llava.py ================================================ import argparse import torch from llava.constants import ( IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN, IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER, ) from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import ( process_images, tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path, ) from PIL import Image import requests from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO import re def image_parser(args): out = args.image_file.split(args.sep) return out def load_image(image_file): if image_file.startswith("http") or image_file.startswith("https"): response = requests.get(image_file) image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert("RGB") else: image = Image.open(image_file).convert("RGB") return image def load_images(image_files): out = [] for image_file in image_files: image = load_image(image_file) out.append(image) return out def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_name = get_model_name_from_path(args.model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model( args.model_path, args.model_base, model_name ) qs = args.query image_token_se = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN if IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER in qs: if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = re.sub(IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER, image_token_se, qs) else: qs = re.sub(IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, qs) else: if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = image_token_se + "\n" + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + "\n" + qs if "llama-2" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "llava_llama_2" elif "mistral" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "mistral_instruct" elif "v1.6-34b" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "chatml_direct" elif "v1" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "llava_v1" elif "mpt" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "mpt" else: conv_mode = "llava_v0" if args.conv_mode is not None and conv_mode != args.conv_mode: print( "[WARNING] the auto inferred conversation mode is {}, while `--conv-mode` is {}, using {}".format( conv_mode, args.conv_mode, args.conv_mode ) ) else: args.conv_mode = conv_mode conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() image_files = image_parser(args) images = load_images(image_files) image_sizes = [x.size for x in images] images_tensor = process_images( images, image_processor, model.config ).to(model.device, dtype=torch.float16) input_ids = ( tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors="pt") .unsqueeze(0) .cuda() ) with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=images_tensor, image_sizes=image_sizes, do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, top_p=args.top_p, num_beams=args.num_beams, max_new_tokens=args.max_new_tokens, use_cache=True, ) outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip() print(outputs) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-file", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--query", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--sep", type=str, default=",") parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--top_p", type=float, default=None) parser.add_argument("--num_beams", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--max_new_tokens", type=int, default=512) args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/summarize_gpt_review.py ================================================ import json import os from collections import defaultdict import numpy as np import argparse def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ChatGPT-based QA evaluation.') parser.add_argument('-d', '--dir', default=None) parser.add_argument('-v', '--version', default=None) parser.add_argument('-s', '--select', nargs='*', default=None) parser.add_argument('-f', '--files', nargs='*', default=[]) parser.add_argument('-i', '--ignore', nargs='*', default=[]) return parser.parse_args() if __name__ == '__main__': args = parse_args() if args.ignore is not None: args.ignore = [int(x) for x in args.ignore] if len(args.files) > 0: review_files = args.files else: review_files = [x for x in os.listdir(args.dir) if x.endswith('.jsonl') and (x.startswith('gpt4_text') or x.startswith('reviews_') or x.startswith('review_') or 'review' in args.dir)] for review_file in sorted(review_files): config = os.path.basename(review_file).replace('gpt4_text_', '').replace('.jsonl', '') if args.select is not None and any(x not in config for x in args.select): continue if '0613' in config: version = '0613' else: version = '0314' if args.version is not None and args.version != version: continue scores = defaultdict(list) print(config) with open(os.path.join(args.dir, review_file) if args.dir is not None else review_file) as f: for review_str in f: review = json.loads(review_str) if review['question_id'] in args.ignore: continue if 'category' in review: scores[review['category']].append(review['tuple']) scores['all'].append(review['tuple']) else: if 'tuple' in review: scores['all'].append(review['tuple']) else: scores['all'].append(review['score']) for k, v in sorted(scores.items()): stats = np.asarray(v).mean(0).tolist() stats = [round(x, 3) for x in stats] # print(k, stats, round(stats[1]/stats[0]*100, 1)) print(k, round(stats[1]/stats[0]*100, 1), round(stats[0] * 10, 1), round(stats[1] * 10, 1)) print('=================================') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/answer/answer_alpaca-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "text": "Improving time management skills involves setting priorities, breaking tasks into smaller chunks, delegating tasks, avoiding multitasking, and taking regular breaks. Additionally, it is important to have a positive attitude and be realistic with goals. Making a to-do list, tracking time, and using technology to automate mundane tasks can also help improve time management skills.", "answer_id": "kEL9ifUHDeYuAXzevje2se", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 2, "text": "The most effective ways to deal with stress include identifying and avoiding the sources of stress, developing healthy coping mechanisms, and engaging in relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and physical exercise. Additionally, it is important to take care of one's mental and physical health, get enough rest and nutrition, and practice self-care.", "answer_id": "VcF3NrWGXhhxLkDVurNrwq", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 3, "text": "The main differences between Python and JavaScript programming languages are in their syntax, structure, and the type of applications they are designed for. Python is a general-purpose language designed to be easy to read and write, while JavaScript is primarily used for web development. Python is a compiled language, while JavaScript is an interpreted language. Python is strongly typed, while JavaScript is not. Python is typically faster than JavaScript in terms of execution, while JavaScript is better suited to create interactive web pages.", "answer_id": "LpvtyQi9QdSgRrgGDxiGrT", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 4, "text": "Working from home can be a great way to increase productivity, but it does require some strategic planning and tactics. Here are some tips for increasing your productivity while working from home: \n1. Establish a routine: Having a regular schedule and sticking to it can help you stay focused and motivated.\n2. Create a distraction-free zone: Eliminate distractions by turning off notifications and setting a \u201cdo not disturb\u201d mode.\n3. Take breaks: Working for long stretches without taking breaks can lead to burnout and decreased productivity.\n4. Exercise: Exercise can help improve focus and productivity.\n5. Get organized: Having a clean and organized workspace can help you stay on task.\n6. Set goals: Set short-term and long-term goals to keep you motivated and on track.\n7. Connect with colleagues: Don\u2019t be afraid to reach out to colleagues for help or advice.\n8. Track your progress: Keep track of your progress and celebrate your successes.\n9. Unplug: Taking breaks and unplugging from work can help you recharge and come back to work more refreshed.", "answer_id": "7zQm8cSTJhPtPdZdxbcfrX", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 5, "text": "Sure. Quantum computing is a new technology that uses quantum mechanical phenomena to perform operations on data. Unlike traditional computers, which process information in binary form, quantum computers can process information in multiple states at the same time, allowing them to perform operations faster and with more accuracy. It also allows them to solve problems that classical computers struggle with. Quantum computing is still in its infancy, but it has the potential to revolutionize the computing industry and open up new possibilities in artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other fields.", "answer_id": "UrLEH82RHwqqLt2LyvYSKj", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 6, "text": "Plant-based protein sources include legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds, and are generally lower in fat and calories than animal-based proteins. Animal-based proteins come from sources such as meat, eggs, and dairy, and are generally higher in fat and calories than plant-based proteins. Plant-based proteins are also generally lower in cholesterol and saturated fat than animal-based proteins. Additionally, plant-based proteins require fewer resources for production, such as water and land, than animal-based proteins.", "answer_id": "fpRdMTdnfirosQixuf2Gez", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 7, "text": "Developing critical thinking skills involves actively questioning assumptions, taking multiple perspectives, analyzing information, and coming to logical conclusions. You can practice these skills by posing questions to yourself and working through problems, as well as engaging in thoughtful discussion with others.", "answer_id": "PvGmsCJSNFcvQKmPTnnd7s", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 8, "text": "The major challenges faced by the education sector include lack of access to quality education, low educational outcomes, high costs of education, lack of adequate infrastructure and teaching materials, overcrowding in classrooms, and gender inequality. Other challenges include lack of access to technology and digital learning materials, outdated curriculum and pedagogical practices, and inadequate teacher training.", "answer_id": "n4ANAbpR3gvLPP8poPfKZ6", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 9, "text": "The primary factors that influence consumer behavior include cultural, social, and personal factors. Cultural factors include shared beliefs, values, and customs within a society, while social factors include the influence of family, friends, and peers. Personal factors include an individual's lifestyle, attitudes, beliefs, and past experiences. Other factors such as advertising, marketing, and price also have an effect on consumer behavior.", "answer_id": "STJ36GrgQMcaUi7zaoNPit", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 10, "text": "The most effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace include:\n1. Establishing open communication: Encouraging open and honest communication between parties is key to resolving any conflict.\n2. Listening actively: Active listening allows both parties to feel heard and allows for a better understanding of the other person's perspective.\n3. Identifying root causes: Understanding the underlying cause of the conflict can help to find more effective solutions that address the core issue.\n4. Focusing on interests, not positions: Focusing on the interests of both parties can help to find creative solutions that satisfy the needs of everyone involved.\n5. Developing mutual respect: Respect is essential to any successful resolution. Building mutual respect can help to create a healthier work environment.\n6. Negotiation: Working together to negotiate a mutually beneficial solution can help to create an agreement that both parties are happy with.\n7. Taking responsibility: Taking responsibility for one\u2019s words and actions can help to create a culture of accountability in the workplace.", "answer_id": "425SwYvqKPAXFGTYKXB7Cs", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 11, "text": "The use of single-use plastic bottles has a number of negative implications on the environment. They are not biodegradable and can take hundreds of years to break down. This means they are around for a long time, releasing potentially harmful chemicals into the environment, and they can be easily mistaken for food by animals. Single-use plastic bottles can also be a source of micro-plastics, which are very small particles of plastic that are difficult to clean up and can be consumed by fish and other aquatic life, leading to health problems in humans who consume those fish. On the other hand, reusable bottles are a much more environmentally friendly choice since they do not produce any waste. They are also often made of materials that are safer for human health, such as stainless steel or glass. Reusable bottles are also more cost-effective since they do not need to be replaced as often as single-use plastic bottles.", "answer_id": "VbNAuj6KAkMdLJQXMo22oK", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 12, "text": "When designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system, some factors to consider include providing frequent and reliable service, accessible stops and vehicles, a variety of fare options, clear and consistent signage and information, comfortable seating and space for wheelchairs and other assistive devices, and security and safety protocols. Additionally, public transportation systems should be integrated with other services such as public parking, bike and scooter sharing, and shuttles to provide a comprehensive and accessible experience.", "answer_id": "CNGqAeu2QJbQ4QGzHJDPdq", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 13, "text": "Governments can use fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions. Fiscal policies involve the government spending money or cutting taxes in order to stimulate the economy, while monetary policies involve changing the money supply or interest rates to influence economic activity. These policies can be used to stabilize the economy, create jobs, and reduce poverty.", "answer_id": "E8w2qYqnm8iqCrSkUv62sz", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 14, "text": "Language and cultural barriers can lead to misunderstandings and make it more difficult to communicate and form relationships in multicultural societies. Without a common language or shared culture, people can have difficulty understanding each other's perspectives and beliefs, which can lead to mistrust and a lack of understanding between different ethnic groups. To overcome these barriers, it is important to make an effort to learn about different cultures, be open-minded, and take the time to understand each other.", "answer_id": "8o5yMymfzo6kzmp9GK5MWr", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 15, "text": "Artificial intelligence can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery in a variety of ways. AI can be used to assist with diagnosing diseases by comparing symptoms and medical history to images of known diseases and medical conditions. AI can also be used to analyze laboratory results and patient records to identify potential problems and develop treatment plans. AI can be used to automate administrative tasks and reduce paperwork, as well as identify potential drug interactions and side effects. AI can also be used to automate appointment reminders, facilitate communication between doctors and patients, and even provide virtual health coaching to help patients manage their conditions.", "answer_id": "kbJVEEsdsSScEq5Y5furr7", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 16, "text": "CRISPR-Cas9 is a recently developed gene editing technology that has revolutionized the way scientists are able to edit genomes. The technology uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location in the genome, where it will cut the DNA strands. This allows for the insertion or deletion of DNA sequences, which can be used to modify the genetic code of an organism. Potential applications include treating genetic diseases, increasing crop yields, and creating pest-resistant crops. Ethically, the biggest concern is the potential misuse of the technology, which could lead to unintended consequences or be used to alter humanity in ways that could harm us.", "answer_id": "CMUL5ULZuR7YC5EPzCBN2N", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 17, "text": "Vaccinations work by stimulating the body's immune system to protect against infectious diseases. Herd immunity is a concept whereby a population is protected against a certain disease when a certain percentage of the population has immunity to the disease, either through vaccination or having already contracted the disease. This is because when enough people are vaccinated, it reduces the spread of the disease and prevents it from spreading to those who are not immune.", "answer_id": "kEmDDQyNqSkyFihYEEBpuR", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 18, "text": "Social media platforms can have a significant influence on how people consume and share news. By providing instant access to news sources and allowing users to easily share content, these platforms can shape the public's information landscape and the spread of misinformation. Some potential implications of this are that users may not always be able to discern between reliable and unreliable sources, and misleading information may be more easily spread and go viral. This can lead to confusion and mistrust among users, and can potentially be exploited for nefarious purposes. To mitigate these risks, it is important for users to be aware of the potential biases and agendas of the sources they are consuming, and for social media platforms to take proactive steps to curb the spread of misinformation.", "answer_id": "Qs3grQsqFVGK9EVkCkf9PB", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 19, "text": "Cultural, social, and economic factors all play a role in determining an individual's food choices. For example, people growing up in households with limited economic means may be more likely to consume cheaper, less nutritious foods due to economic constraints. Additionally, cultural norms and values can influence food choices, such as the emphasis on large portions typical in some American cultural settings. Finally, social factors such as peer pressure and advertising can also sway an individual's food choices. By understanding and taking into account these various factors, health promotion strategies can be tailored and targeted to help individuals make healthier dietary decisions.", "answer_id": "kzZ6dKN7hkRWjqtdHr7Qns", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 20, "text": "Natural selection is the process by which certain traits or characteristics become more or less common in a population over time. This is due to the fact that those individuals with certain advantageous traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits on to their offspring. Over time, this leads to the evolution and adaptation of species to their environment.", "answer_id": "DPPDG6YGFJij2GCmRL66PU", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 21, "text": "I am a brave knight, loyal to my king and country, and I have come to serve and protect them both. I am skilled in the arts of war and peace, and I am proud to be here at the royal court.", "answer_id": "D62FjDb4nZANzPpfSfsiyn", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 22, "text": "Avast ye maties! To the bottom of the sea we go! In search of hidden riches and fortune, we shall brave the depths and face any danger that comes our way. For glory and honor, let us set sail and find the lost Ark!", "answer_id": "k7E4NNw5kyj9DmvP5Pu2zb", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 23, "text": "If I were a Shakespearean character, I would declare my love for someone in a soliloquy with passionate words and metaphors. I would express my love for them with descriptions of their beauty and the joy I feel when I am with them. I would confess my hopes and dreams for our future together and declare my devotion to them. I would make my love for them known in a way that could never be forgotten.", "answer_id": "KFocjVCejYrU3YmLjAqoUF", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 24, "text": "As a superhero, my origin story is very special. I was born with special abilities that I had to keep hidden for a long time. I was scared to use them at first, but eventually I discovered that I could use my powers to protect people and make the world a better place. I've had to face a lot of challenges along the way, but I've also had a lot of help from friends and family. Now, I use my abilities to help people in need and fight for justice.", "answer_id": "dq8Sm9djS7e7y9sG9vmMJf", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 25, "text": "If I were a time traveler from the year 3000, I would tell people about the incredible advancements in technology, such as the ability to travel through time, space, and dimensions; the development of intelligent robots and autonomous vehicles; the emergence of virtual reality and augmented reality; and the rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning.", "answer_id": "XZ8fG8e6u7CyKd2moK6abe", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 26, "text": "The game was a nail-biter, with both teams trading leads throughout the game. With only seconds left on the clock, the home team made a bold move and passed the ball to their star player, who took the ball down the court and made a layup at the buzzer to seal the victory for the home team!", "answer_id": "oKaXHfoK4pXwrefFWXmeA8", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 27, "text": "My signature dish is a seamless blend of traditional and modern cooking techniques. I use only the freshest ingredients to create a unique and unforgettable dining experience. The dish is a perfect balance of flavors and textures, with a subtle hint of my personal style. It is a dish that I am proud to call my own.", "answer_id": "ZwiZfvDWm7SETKNBfDk7Mb", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 28, "text": "At the summit of Mount Everest, you are filled with a sense of accomplishment and joy. The view from the top is absolutely breathtaking - you can see for miles and miles, with the majestic Himalayan mountain range stretching out in all directions. It is a truly unforgettable experience.", "answer_id": "DxYopRe2LcTJMy3FWu6btd", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 29, "text": "As a colonist on Mars, my daily life is filled with challenges. Finding resources and creating a sustainable environment is a priority. I face a number of challenges including extreme temperature fluctuations, limited access to resources, and the difficulty of travelling to and from the planet. Additionally, I must be mindful of my physical and mental health since I am so far from home. Despite these challenges, I am grateful to be able to explore and experience this new world.", "answer_id": "WC3UJVh4jQ5RUkpcRMU98L", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 30, "text": "In the post-apocalyptic world, I am a survivor by necessity. I scavenge for food and supplies, and I'm always on the lookout for potential allies. I've encountered a few people who have managed to survive, and together we have formed an alliance to help each other. We hunt for food, build shelter, and work together to stay alive. We also share knowledge and skills, like how to start a fire or how to use a weapon. We look out for each other, and our alliance has strengthened our chances of survival.", "answer_id": "gTvgn6ksDjGGgdprw6AG5A", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 31, "text": "There are a few ways to tell if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists. Firstly, look at the clientele - if the majority of people there are tourists, it's likely that the restaurant is mainly attracting tourists. Secondly, check online reviews - if the reviews are mainly from tourists, then it's likely that the restaurant is popular with tourists. Finally, look at the prices - if the prices are higher than average for the area, it could be a sign that the restaurant is popular with locals. This information can be useful to get an idea of what kind of experience to expect, as locals might know about different aspects of the restaurant that tourists wouldn't.", "answer_id": "3q7giCk2BA3Ye4Tm9HC2iw", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 32, "text": "Some subtle clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed include: not asking any questions or engaging in the conversation, avoiding eye contact, fidgeting or stammering when speaking, repeating questions or comments made by other people, and nodding along without any signs of understanding.", "answer_id": "hRGsxy86v26SC4yAQS29X4", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 33, "text": "Some people prefer the tactile and visual experience of using a paper map, and others may prefer to ask for directions from locals in order to get a more personalized experience. Additionally, GPS devices and smartphone apps can sometimes be inaccurate or have limited battery life, while a paper map or asking for directions may be more reliable.", "answer_id": "3n49A5ggJERfXYrLns3ZeU", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 34, "text": "One way to tell if someone is genuinely interested in a conversation is to observe their body language and facial expressions. Are they making an effort to maintain eye contact? Are they leaning in and actively listening to what you are saying? Do they ask questions and provide relevant answers? If so, it is likely that they are genuinely interested in the conversation. Additionally, if someone is simply being polite, they may not ask questions or engage in the conversation as much, and may not make an effort to maintain eye contact.", "answer_id": "ErCpFtPuYVru4oTTk4WrxG", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 35, "text": "Shopping at a small, locally-owned business can benefit the local community by keeping money in the area and supporting local jobs. Additionally, these businesses tend to offer a more personal experience and higher quality products than large chain stores. Furthermore, shopping at small businesses can help create a sense of place and community, and can help maintain a unique local culture.", "answer_id": "PTNoCRMZWoJk8HaKX7fW45", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 36, "text": "There are several ways to assess the credibility of a source of information. Firstly, you can look at the author's credentials and experience in the relevant field. Secondly, you can check the source of the information, such as whether it is from a reliable website or publication. Thirdly, you can look at the evidence presented in the article and whether it is backed up by reliable sources. Finally, you can read other people's reviews or comments about the article to get a better idea of its credibility.", "answer_id": "n8cFs9KENNwZ4z3SR4iXTr", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 37, "text": "Some people enjoy the sensation of being scared because it can create a feeling of excitement, enhance their emotional state, and provide a sense of thrill and adventure. Others may avoid these experiences because they are afraid of the unknown, or because they don't enjoy the feeling of being scared. Everyone is different, and some people may be more attracted to thrilling and exciting activities while others may prefer calmer activities.", "answer_id": "GzxL9mmEK5RzKqRbqBMUVC", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 38, "text": "By observing the behavior of others in a social situation, one can gain clues as to the cultural norms and expectations of a group. For example, watching how people interact with one another, how they address each other, how they handle disagreements, and how they go about solving problems can provide insight into the cultural values of the group. Additionally, observing body language, facial expressions, and other nonverbal cues can offer clues as to the accepted norms of behavior in a particular culture.", "answer_id": "QpoHFgb9SzwuaXQQUuBUQD", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 39, "text": "It is an interesting question, and one that has been debated for quite some time. I think there are valid arguments on both sides. On the one hand, exploring space is a remarkable human endeavor and could lead to tremendous scientific discoveries and technological advances. On the other hand, there are many pressing issues that need to be addressed on Earth, such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. Each side would argue that their cause is more important, and it is ultimately up to each individual to decide which one they feel more strongly about.", "answer_id": "Fxe6MS4GpP3LMDUwzY2cPA", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 40, "text": "It is important to strike a balance between job creation and technological progress. Automation can increase efficiency and productivity, but it should not come at the expense of job security and people's livelihoods. Therefore, it is essential to create policies and initiatives that promote both job creation and technological progress. This could include investing in training and education to ensure that people have the skills necessary to compete in the modern job market, as well as incentivizing companies to invest in technologies that create jobs and stimulate economic growth.", "answer_id": "mJiQ2FGR4Xb8kmhZjharkw", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 41, "text": "On average, the human eye blinks about 20 times per minute, or about 14,400 times per day. In a lifetime, this means that the average human will blink roughly 50 million times. This may seem like a lot, but it serves an important purpose. Blinking helps to keep the eyes lubricated and prevents them from drying out. It also helps to spread tears over the surface of the eye, washing away foreign particles and keeping the eye clean. Additionally, blinking helps to reduce the risk of eye infections by helping to clear away bacteria and other foreign substances.", "answer_id": "6Kph4RHRKEZ4YUoaHuEhBv", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 42, "text": "A grain of salt contains 102.98 atoms. To calculate this, we first need to know the atomic weight of a single atom. The atomic weight of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its atomic mass. The atomic weight of a single atom of salt is 58.943 g/atom. Therefore, a grain of salt contains 102.98 atoms, which is equivalent to 60.98 grams.", "answer_id": "WBwpBQwhxn5kxLDb7MschC", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 43, "text": "Approximately 2000 lightning strikes occur on Earth each day. This is because the atmospheric conditions must come together in a particular way for a lightning strike to occur. Firstly, a large amount of electric charge must accumulate in the atmosphere, typically in a storm system. Then, the air must become increasingly unstable, leading to rising air and a strong updraft. This causes an electric breakdown of the air, and then an exchange of electricity occurs from the cloud to the ground, forming a lightning bolt. As these conditions are necessary for a lightning strike to occur, about 2000 lightning strikes happen on Earth each day.", "answer_id": "kf8nahQVci2ZLaYikagB7U", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 44, "text": "It would take about 10 million balloons to lift a house like in the movie Up. The balloons would need to be filled with helium in order for the house to be lifted. Each balloon would need to be filled with about 89.1 cubic feet of helium in order to lift 500 pounds. To calculate how many balloons would be needed, simply multiply the weight of the house (264.72 lbs) by the number of cubic feet of helium needed to lift 500 pounds (89.1). Therefore, it would take 10 million balloons to lift a house like in the movie Up.", "answer_id": "Gptgryd4o2dC8V5aqRmeJJ", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 45, "text": "According to a 2017 study, over 6.3 billion text messages are sent globally in a minute. This number is expected to grow to 6.8 billion by 2021. This is due to the increasing number of smartphones, better network coverage, and the increasing popularity of texting for communication. Furthermore, the increase in smartphones and better network coverage has also led to the rise of instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, which has further increased the amount of text messages sent per minute.", "answer_id": "RfBWW8ZhdfTuTMb454Un4o", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 46, "text": "It is estimated that over 1 billion words are spoken on Earth every day. This is due to the fact that humans are highly social creatures, and language is the primary way that we communicate with each other. In addition, language is a key component of all cultures and societies, and is constantly being used to exchange information and ideas. Furthermore, language is integral to the way we think and process information, as well as to how we connect with each other on an emotional level. Therefore, it is not surprising that so many words are spoken on a daily basis.", "answer_id": "neGgLYm47JvqN8qkw8VeoW", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 47, "text": "On average, about 100 snowflakes fall per second during a typical winter. This number can vary drastically depending on the location and severity of the storm. Snowflakes are made up of tiny ice crystals, which form in the atmosphere when the temperature is below freezing and there is moisture in the air. As air moves and mixes, the crystals come together to form snowflakes. The shape, size and number of snowflakes depend on the atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and humidity, when they form.", "answer_id": "KSePbzLwsYasR3aui4HU8h", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 48, "text": "It is estimated that all the books ever written would total about 100 billion pages. This is based on the fact that there are roughly 130 million unique titles in existence, and each book on average contains about 200 pages. This means that if all the books were printed out, the stack of paper would be about 400 miles high. Additionally, if each book was represented by a single page, the total number of pages would be approximately 100 billion. Throughout history, books have served as a way to preserve knowledge and information, as well as to share ideas and stories with others. As technology advances, books are increasingly available in digital formats, which allows for easier access and storage. Regardless of the medium, books will continue to be a valuable source of information for generations to come.", "answer_id": "SWWfLpP2gnWHLbYRZXNsW3", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 49, "text": "Since the beginning of life, the Earth has orbited the Sun a total of 4.3 billion times. This is calculated by multiplying the average length of a year (365.25 days) by the number of years since life began (approximately 4.5 billion years). Life on Earth relies on the Sun's energy reaching the Earth's atmosphere and being redistributed by the atmosphere, the land surface, and the oceans. Without this energy, life on Earth would not be possible. Therefore, the Earth's orbit around the Sun is integral to the sustainability of life on Earth.", "answer_id": "WaBwKYhs7eAG22qCGLH2j3", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 50, "text": "Since the beginning of recorded music, countless songs have been recorded. The exact number is difficult to quantify, but conservative estimates put the number of songs recorded throughout history at several hundred thousand. This includes songs from all genres, from classical music to modern pop. The invention of recording technology has allowed musicians to preserve their music and share it with the world. This has enabled generations to access and enjoy music from all eras. With the rise of digital music, the number of recordings available has grown exponentially, and new songs are being recorded all the time.", "answer_id": "MfMJeE9om7qyBbqopHouf4", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 51, "text": "If the Internet had been invented during the Renaissance period, it likely would have been used primarily by the wealthy and powerful to access knowledge and information, as there was no widespread system of public education at the time. It also would have been a much slower and more expensive process to access information, as there were no high-speed connections or digital networks available.", "answer_id": "TjWPRDM6JFpPF8xeRptCKb", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 52, "text": "If the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors, their culture and way of life would have likely remained intact. The Spanish would not have been able to colonize Mexico, and their influence on the region would have been much less. It's likely that the Aztecs would have continued to expand their empire and control the areas that are now parts of Central and South America. Additionally, the Native American populations in the area would have likely been able to maintain more of their traditional customs and beliefs, and their languages may not have been as heavily impacted by Spanish.", "answer_id": "iR2tYTsWTFENEP7Qy9RgtX", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 53, "text": "If the Black Death had not occurred in the 14th century, the population of Europe may have continued to grow unabated, leading to more rapid urbanization and economic growth. It's likely that the Renaissance would have begun sooner, and the scientific revolution may have occurred earlier as well. Without the Black Death, there may have been no need for the industrial revolution, or at least it may have occurred later and on a smaller scale. Additionally, the spread of diseases may have been slower, leading to greater population density in certain areas.", "answer_id": "AZdS8xAi3GwAmCqkNSnnwv", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 54, "text": "If Isaac Newton had focused on biology instead of physics, he might have made important discoveries in the field of medicine and biology. He may have studied the human body and its functions in greater detail, and possibly even made important breakthroughs in treating diseases. He may also have studied the behavior of different animals in the wild and made important observations about their habits and habitats.", "answer_id": "VmwifF2JD5osYKDTqv2ZRS", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 55, "text": "If the Beatles had never formed as a band, the music world would have been drastically different. The British Invasion of the 1960s might not have happened, or it could have happened in a much different way. The cultural impact of the Beatles, including their influence on other musicians, fashion and society, may never have existed.", "answer_id": "mUL5UPj3qDGaCriEjL2U3B", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 56, "text": "If Alan Turing had not cracked the Enigma code during World War II, the outcome of the war could have been very different. It's possible that the Allies would have eventually defeated the Axis powers, but it likely would have taken much longer and cost many more lives. With the Enigma code cracked, the Allies were able to gain a critical advantage over the Axis powers and ultimately win the war.", "answer_id": "dVdwUoVrAQJDuWxiodykiw", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 57, "text": "If the Suez Canal had never been constructed, it would have major implications for international trade and navigation. The Suez Canal is an important shipping route connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, which in turn connects to the Indian Ocean. This allows for a shorter and more direct route for ships traveling between Europe and Asia, reducing travel time significantly. Without the Suez Canal, ships would have to travel around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa, which is much more time consuming and costly. This would make international trade more difficult and expensive, and could hinder global economic growth.", "answer_id": "EiNn9jjfy7dga6xfCtLtF8", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 58, "text": "If the Maya civilization had not mysteriously collapsed, it is likely that their influence and power would have continued to grow. They would have likely continued to build large cities and monuments, develop their writing and astronomical systems, and expand their trade networks. Additionally, their advances in agriculture and water management may have led to increased food production and a larger population.", "answer_id": "eqG9f2R9hXVyZrZMpcqAYq", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 59, "text": "If Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas, the indigenous people of the Americas would have continued to live in relative isolation from the rest of the world. It is likely that European colonization and the consequences of that would have been delayed, leading to a different modern world. It is also possible that other Europeans would have made the voyage across the Atlantic and discovered the Americas instead.", "answer_id": "ex42CLEzDVC2TxAvMCtYQJ", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 60, "text": "If Vincent van Gogh had been successful during his lifetime, he may have been able to achieve the recognition and financial stability that he desired. He may have been able to travel and gain more exposure for his artwork, as well as connect with other like-minded individuals. He may have been able to create more artwork and expand his portfolio. He may also have been able to find a mentor or patron who could have helped him further his career.", "answer_id": "RfFANSwHeCm3Pqe2AJ86Dk", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 61, "text": "The program should read a text file line by line. It should then check each line for the specified word, counting up each time the word is found. Finally, it should output the number of occurrences of the word.", "answer_id": "nzxdtWmgQhRkHeVAanVogZ", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 62, "text": "The following Python function can be used to find the longest common subsequence of two input strings using dynamic programming:\ndef longest_common_subsequence(s1, s2):\n\"\"\"This function finds the longest common subsequence of two strings.\n\n Arguments:\n s1 {string} -- The first string\n s2 {string} -- The second string\n\n Returns:\n {int} -- The length of the longest common subsequence\n\n\"\"\"\n n1 = len(s1)\n n2 = len(s2)\n \n # Creating an empty matrix to store the results\n results = [[None]*(n2 + 1) for _ in range(n1 + 1)]\n \n # Initializing the first row to 0\n for i in range(n1 + 1):\n results[i][0] = 0\n \n # Filling the first row with 0\n for i in range(n1):\n results[i][0] = 0\n \n # Calculating the longest common subsequence\n for i in range(n1 + 1):\n for j in range(n2 + 1):\n if (i == 0 or j == 0):\n results[i][j] = 0\n elif (s1[i-1] == s2[j-1] and (results[i-1][j-1] < (i-j) or results[i-1][j-1] == 0)):\n results[i][j] = max(results[i-1][j-1] + 1, i+j)\n else:\n results[i][j] = 0\n \n return results[n1][n2]", "answer_id": "kRo6z5qmeiSM8Xz6BPJHLC", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 63, "text": "The following regular expression can be used to validate an email address in Python:\n^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$", "answer_id": "7kj8odEE79UBdR4pT6u6TY", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 64, "text": "Here is a program to find the nth Fibonacci number using dynamic programming:\n1. Set a variable 'n' to the nth Fibonacci number.\n2. Set two other variables 'a' and 'b' to 0 and 1 respectively.\n3. Set a loop from 0 to (n-1).\n4. In the loop, set another loop from 0 to (a+b).\n5. In the inner loop, if 'a' is even and 'b' is odd, set 'a' to a+1 and 'b' to b+1.\n6. If 'a' is odd and 'b' is even, set 'a' to a-1 and 'b' to b-1.\n7. After the inner loop, set 'n' to 'a' and break out of the outer loop.\n8. Print the value of 'n'.\nThis program uses the idea of dynamic programming to compute the nth Fibonacci number. The program first sets two auxiliary variables 'a' and 'b' to 0 and 1 respectively. Then it sets a loop from 0 to (n-1). In the loop, it sets another loop from 0 to (a+b). In the inner loop, if 'a' is even and 'b' is odd, it sets 'a' to a+1 and 'b' to b+1. If 'a' is odd and 'b' is even, it sets 'a' to a-1 and 'b' to b-1. After the inner loop, it sets 'n' to 'a' and breaks out of the outer loop. Finally, it prints the value of 'n'.", "answer_id": "UULZ4GLz9j9ot7tN7x3ySD", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 65, "text": "A binary search algorithm can be used to find a specific element in a sorted array by repeatedly splitting the array in half and examining the middle element to determine whether the target element is greater than, less than, or equal to it. If the target element is found, the algorithm immediately returns the index of the element. If it isn\u2019t, the array is split in half, with one half discarded based on the comparison. The process is repeated until the element is found or the array is completely searched.", "answer_id": "Rh8P3bxSJx4p6nCZkSZBrh", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 66, "text": "Implementing a queue using two stacks in Python is relatively simple. First, you need to create two stacks, which will act as the queue. Next, you need to define an enqueue and dequeue method, which will add and remove items from the queue. Finally, you need to create an instance of the queue class and start using it.", "answer_id": "R3aYUUtY46ht4ToU8US96x", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 67, "text": "The program can be implemented using two nested for loops. The inner loop can be used to iterate through the elements of the first array, while the outer loop can be used to iterate through the elements of the second array. If the two elements being compared are the same, the program should mark those elements with a \"found\" flag and move on. Once the inner loop completes, the program should check if the \"found\" flag is set for all elements in the second array. If it is, then the common elements have been found.", "answer_id": "MQJFbH3KoFaSMmPgmK9LPa", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 68, "text": "The value of f(2) is 1.", "answer_id": "dBWqryuzG6BHRdPgrWWpbH", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 69, "text": "x = 6.", "answer_id": "W74byrCbE7XiJWjcPTZS7x", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 70, "text": "The length of the line segment is 8 units.", "answer_id": "7WC5quGKdv8hADCxWaWZ57", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 71, "text": "Yes, I can help you write a formal email to a potential business partner proposing a joint venture. Here's a template that you can use:\nSubject Line: Proposing a Joint Venture\nDear [Name],\nI am writing to propose a joint venture between our two companies. I believe that by combining our resources, we can create a powerful and profitable partnership. Our combined experience and knowledge in the industry will help us to create something unique and special.\nI am confident that our partnership will bring mutual benefits, such as increased profits and access to new markets. Please let me know if you are interested, and we can discuss the details.\nThank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", "answer_id": "AZER7D3RKZ9F9SXHiMjdqM", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 72, "text": "Yes, I can help you write a resignation letter to your current employer. The letter should be written in a polite and professional tone and should express your appreciation for the opportunities and experiences you have gained during your employment. It should also include a clear statement of your intention to resign and the date of your last day. Here is a template you can use:\nDear [Employer],\nI am writing to inform you of my intention to resign from my position as [Position], effective [date]. I have appreciated my time here and I am grateful for the opportunities and experiences I have gained during my employment. \nI thank you for your support and understanding.\nSincerely, [Your Name]", "answer_id": "MSrdDafr77UvSHCnsPMSP3", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 73, "text": "The letter of recommendation should be structured in a formal manner. Begin by introducing the student and explaining your relationship to them. Describe their qualifications, including their academic performance and relevant skills, and mention any particular accomplishments or awards they have received. Explain why the student is a strong candidate for the program and how they will make a positive contribution. End the letter by reaffirming your recommendation and offering your contact information for further questions.", "answer_id": "hxkjUkDkXhGP78Vo74B4WE", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 74, "text": "Dear valued customers, \nWe are excited to announce the launch of our new software solution \u2013 a revolutionary product designed to transform the way you do business! Our new software is an intuitive and powerful tool that can help you streamline processes, save time and money, and increase overall productivity. \nAt [Company Name], we are committed to helping you stay ahead of the competition, and we believe that our new software solution is the perfect tool to help you achieve your goals. Our experienced team of professionals has worked hard to ensure that this product meets the highest standards of quality, and we are confident that it will make a real difference for your business. \nWe invite you to join us in this journey of transformation and discover how our new software can help you achieve your vision. Sign up now and get a free demo to learn more about this revolutionary product. \nThank you for your trust and support.", "answer_id": "hv9jpG9PxeJ9AnFdNzH3Jv", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 75, "text": "mer,\nWe apologize for the delay you experienced with your order and thank you for your patience. We have identified the cause of the issue and have taken steps to ensure it does not happen again. We value your business and hope to be able to serve you better in the future.", "answer_id": "X5BVHT5pFpWxB88SzERrEG", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 76, "text": "The video will explore the history and cultural significance of jazz music. We will begin by discussing its roots in West African cultural music traditions and its journey through the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on the key musicians, composers, and genres that have defined the genre. We will also explore the impact of jazz on popular culture, such as in film and literature, as well as its influence on other musical styles. Finally, we will examine the legacy of jazz and its continued importance today.", "answer_id": "Af2SufKwvDBriNXnZX9UoP", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 77, "text": "I have composed a travel blog post about my recent trip to Hawaii. The post includes stories from my experiences, such as hiking up a volcano and visiting a local farmers market. I also included plenty of photos to give the reader a sense of place. I highlighted some of the unique cultural experiences, such as an evening spent listening to live Hawaiian music, as well as must-see attractions, like the beautiful beaches and lush rainforests. I ended the post with a personal reflection on the trip and why it was so special to me.", "answer_id": "HVnqVdSGRwQfqSsiYxtTTn", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 78, "text": "I recently watched the science fiction movie \"The Future is Blue\" and it was an incredible cinematic experience. The movie follows the story of a scientist who travels back in time to save the world from a deadly virus. The plot was interesting and engaging, with plenty of twists and turns to keep you guessing. The characters were also well developed and likable, making it easy to get invested in their story. The special effects were stunning and added a lot of visual oomph to the movie. All in all, I highly recommend this movie - it's an exciting and thought-provoking ride from start to finish.", "answer_id": "8hcmmjzyMyhFJ8ZwqJJfvw", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 79, "text": "The podcast episode would begin by introducing the topic of how streaming platforms have changed the music industry. This would include discussing the impact of streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music on music consumption, the effect on musicians' ability to make money, and how streaming has changed the way people find and discover music. The episode would then explore the effects of streaming on the music industry from multiple angles, such as the impact on musicians and songwriters, how streaming has changed the sound of popular music, and the implications for the music industry's future. Finally, the episode would conclude by discussing how streaming has both benefited and hurt the music industry, and what the future holds for music consumption.", "answer_id": "CU6gGfJqQmwZNxEG2n2Uda", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"question_id": 80, "text": "The symphony concert was a wonderful experience. The orchestra played beautifully, with a rich and soulful sound that filled the hall. The audience was captivated, and you could feel the energy of the music in the air. The performance was a perfect balance of classic and modern pieces, and the conductor's passion was contagious. The atmosphere was festive, and the encore performance was a perfect way to end the evening. All in all, it was a brilliant concert and a delight for the ears.", "answer_id": "5SWbCoLV6NRrq5RtWQK4jp", "model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/answer/answer_bard.jsonl ================================================ {"answer_id": "3oW4JY265ZPJGTYi2CgRYF", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 1, "text": "Here are some tips on how to improve your time management skills:\n\n* **Set goals and prioritize your tasks.** What do you need to accomplish today, this week, and this month? Once you know what needs to be done, you can start to prioritize your tasks. Decide which tasks are most important and need to be done first.\n* **Break down large tasks into smaller, more manageable ones.** This will make them seem less daunting and help you to get started.\n* **Set deadlines for yourself and stick to them.** This will help you to stay on track and avoid procrastination.\n* **Take breaks when you need them.** Don't try to work for hours on end without taking a break. Getting up and moving around, or taking a few minutes to relax and clear your head, will help you to stay focused and productive.\n* **Don't be afraid to say no.** If you have too much on your plate, it's okay to say no to new commitments. It's better to focus on the tasks that you already have than to take on too much and end up feeling overwhelmed.\n* **Automate tasks whenever possible.** This will free up your time so that you can focus on more important things.\n* **Get organized.** This will help you to find what you need when you need it and avoid wasting time looking for things.\n* **Take care of yourself.** Make sure to get enough sleep, eat healthy foods, and exercise regularly. This will help you to stay focused and productive.\n\nTime management is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. But by following these tips, you can improve your time management skills and get more done in less time.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CtDuDqypbL958TQork7v54", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 2, "text": "There are many effective ways to deal with stress. Some of the most common include:\n\n* **Exercise.** Exercise releases endorphins, which have mood-boosting effects. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.\n* **Eat a healthy diet.** A healthy diet can help improve your overall mood and well-being. Make sure to eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.\n* **Get enough sleep.** Sleep is essential for reducing stress and improving your mood. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night.\n* **Talk to someone.** Talking to a friend, family member, therapist, or counselor can help you process your thoughts and feelings.\n* **Practice relaxation techniques.** Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help you calm down and manage stress.\n* **Take a break.** If you're feeling overwhelmed, take a few minutes to step away from the situation and relax. Go for a walk, listen to music, or do something else that you enjoy.\n\nIt's important to find what works best for you and to make time for these activities on a regular basis. Stress is a normal part of life, but it's important to manage it in a healthy way.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "jqb5c6eBeyVTFo7SsqxqHA", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 3, "text": "Here are some of the main differences between Python and JavaScript programming languages:\n\n* **Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language, while JavaScript is a text-based, object-oriented programming language.** Python is designed to be easy to read and learn, while JavaScript is more complex.\n* **Python is dynamically typed, while JavaScript is statically typed.** This means that the type of a variable in Python can change at runtime, while the type of a variable in JavaScript is fixed at compile time.\n* **Python has a large standard library, while JavaScript does not.** The standard library contains a wide range of modules that can be used for common tasks, such as file I/O, networking, and data manipulation.\n* **Python is an interpreted language, while JavaScript is a compiled language.** This means that Python code is executed line-by-line by an interpreter, while JavaScript code is converted into machine code before it is executed.\n* **Python is used for a wide range of applications, including web development, data science, and artificial intelligence.** JavaScript is primarily used for web development, but it can also be used for other applications, such as desktop development and mobile development.\n\nUltimately, the best language for you to learn depends on your specific needs and goals. If you are new to programming, Python is a good choice because it is easy to learn and use. If you want to develop web applications, JavaScript is a good choice because it is the most popular language for front-end development.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "P5rC8W6gTuD4aY6HR5HQj9", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 4, "text": "Here are some tips on how to increase your productivity while working from home:\n\n* **Set up a dedicated workspace.** This will help you stay focused and avoid distractions. If you can, set up your workspace in a quiet area of your home.\n* **Start your day early.** This will give you time to get organized and tackle your most important tasks.\n* **Take breaks.** It's important to take breaks throughout the day to stretch, walk around, or get a snack. This will help you stay refreshed and focused.\n* **Avoid distractions.** This means turning off your phone, closing your email, and anything else that might take your attention away from your work.\n* **Take care of yourself.** Make sure to eat healthy, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly. This will help you stay healthy and productive.\n* **Reward yourself.** When you accomplish a task, give yourself a small reward, such as taking a break or watching a TV show. This will help you stay motivated.\n* **Communicate with your team.** Make sure to stay in touch with your team members and let them know what you're working on. This will help you stay on track and avoid duplication of effort.\n* **Set goals.** Having goals will help you stay focused and motivated. Make sure your goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.\n* **Track your progress.** It's important to track your progress so you can see how you're doing. This will help you stay motivated and make adjustments as needed.\n* **Be patient.** Working from home can be a challenge, but it's important to be patient with yourself. It takes time to adjust to a new way of working.\n\nFollowing these tips can help you increase your productivity while working from home.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "3uaqwfbwxtyDdqB8UVN3jM", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 5, "text": "Quantum computing is a field of computer science that deals with the development of quantum algorithms and quantum computers. Quantum algorithms are algorithms that can be executed by quantum computers, and quantum computers are computers that can execute quantum algorithms.\n\nQuantum computing is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level. Quantum mechanics is a very different way of thinking about the world than classical mechanics, which is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the macroscopic level.\n\nOne of the key concepts in quantum mechanics is superposition. Superposition means that a quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time. For example, an electron can be in a state of superposition where it is both a wave and a particle.\n\nAnother key concept in quantum mechanics is entanglement. Entanglement means that two quantum systems can be linked together in such a way that they share the same fate, even if they are separated by a large distance.\n\nQuantum computing is still in its early stages of development, but it has the potential to revolutionize many fields, including cryptography, chemistry, and materials science.\n\nHere are some of the basics of quantum computing:\n\n* Quantum bits, or qubits, are the basic unit of information in quantum computing. Qubits can be in a superposition of states, meaning they can be both 0 and 1 at the same time.\n* Quantum gates are the basic operations that can be performed on qubits. Quantum gates can be used to create superpositions, entangle qubits, and measure qubits.\n* Quantum algorithms are algorithms that can be executed by quantum computers. Quantum algorithms can be used to solve problems that are difficult or impossible to solve with classical computers.\n* Quantum computers are computers that can execute quantum algorithms. Quantum computers are still in their early stages of development, but they have the potential to revolutionize many fields, including cryptography, chemistry, and materials science.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "HTRJ5q97DrgzoSofxkgedz", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 6, "text": "The main difference between plant-based and animal-based protein sources is that plant-based protein sources do not contain all nine essential amino acids, while most meat proteins do. (Most plant-based protein sources tend to lack at least 1 of the essential amino acids, although there are some that are considered complete.)\n\nAnimal proteins are considered complete proteins, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. Plant proteins, on the other hand, are often incomplete proteins, meaning they do not contain all nine essential amino acids. However, there are some plant-based protein sources that are considered complete, such as quinoa and buckwheat.\n\nAnimal proteins also tend to be higher in saturated fat and cholesterol than plant proteins. Plant proteins are lower in saturated fat and cholesterol, and they also contain fiber, which can help to lower cholesterol levels.\n\nThere are several benefits to eating plant-based protein sources. Plant-based protein sources are often lower in calories and fat than animal protein sources. They are also a good source of fiber, which can help to keep you feeling full and satisfied. Plant-based protein sources can also help to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.\n\nThere are also some benefits to eating animal-based protein sources. Animal protein sources are a good source of B vitamins, iron, and zinc. They can also help to build muscle mass and strength. However, it is important to choose lean cuts of meat and poultry to reduce saturated fat and cholesterol intake.\n\nUltimately, the best type of protein for you depends on your individual needs and preferences. If you are looking for a diet that is low in calories and fat, plant-based protein sources are a good option. If you are looking for a diet that is high in protein and B vitamins, animal protein sources are a good option.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "EhhyKNc3m8c9tnxm8uPfmt", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 7, "text": "Here are some tips on how to develop your critical thinking skills:\n\n* **Be open to new ideas and information.** Don't be afraid to question everything, even your own beliefs.\n* **Be curious and ask questions.** The more you learn, the better equipped you'll be to think critically about the information you're presented with.\n* **Be skeptical of information that seems too good to be true.** If something seems too good to be true, it probably is.\n* **Be aware of your own biases.** We all have biases, but it's important to be aware of them so that they don't cloud your judgment.\n* **Be able to identify and evaluate arguments.** When you're presented with an argument, be able to identify the premises and the conclusion, and evaluate whether the premises support the conclusion.\n* **Be able to think creatively and solve problems.** Critical thinking is not just about analyzing information, but also about being able to come up with new ideas and solutions to problems.\n* **Practice regularly.** The more you practice critical thinking, the better you'll become at it.\n\nThere are many ways to develop your critical thinking skills. You can read books and articles on the subject, take classes, or even just spend time thinking about the world around you. The important thing is to be willing to learn and grow.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "JQXPknRQd24NUPKZxi6RNf", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 8, "text": "The education sector faces many challenges today, including:\n\n* **Funding:** Schools are often underfunded, which can lead to a lack of resources and support for students and teachers.\n* **Class size:** Classrooms are often overcrowded, which can make it difficult for teachers to give individual students the attention they need.\n* **Teacher shortages:** There is a shortage of qualified teachers in many areas, which can lead to schools hiring teachers who are not adequately prepared.\n* **Student achievement:** The achievement gap between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds persists, which means that some students are not getting the education they need to succeed.\n* **School safety:** School shootings and other acts of violence have become more common, which has made schools a less safe place for students and staff.\n* **Technology:** Technology is changing the way we learn, but it also presents new challenges for schools and educators.\n* **Charter schools and voucher programs:** Charter schools and voucher programs have become more popular in recent years, which has led to competition between public and private schools.\n\nThese are just some of the challenges that the education sector faces today. It is important to address these challenges in order to ensure that all students have access to a quality education.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Lb3C2xQKdLCqFj4v3rmaof", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 9, "text": "There are many factors that influence consumer behavior, but some of the primary ones include:\n\n* **Personal factors:** These factors include a person's age, gender, income, occupation, and lifestyle. For example, a young person with a high income may be more likely to spend money on luxury items, while an older person with a lower income may be more likely to spend money on necessities.\n* **Psychological factors:** These factors include a person's motivation, perception, learning, attitudes, and beliefs. For example, a person who is motivated by a desire for self-improvement may be more likely to buy a product that they believe will help them achieve their goals.\n* **Social factors:** These factors include a person's family, friends, and social class. For example, a person who is influenced by their family may be more likely to buy a product that they believe their family will approve of.\n* **Cultural factors:** These factors include a person's culture, subculture, and social class. For example, a person who is from a culture that values luxury may be more likely to buy a product that is considered to be a luxury item.\n* **Economic factors:** These factors include a person's income, savings, and debt. For example, a person who has a high income may be more likely to buy a product that is expensive.\n\nIt is important to note that these factors are not always the same for everyone. A person's individual circumstances and preferences will also play a role in their consumer behavior.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "DhuZJtL3jhnrsTBvDct9oV", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 10, "text": "There are many effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace. Some of the most common include:\n\n* **Communication:** The first step in resolving conflict is to communicate effectively with all parties involved. This means listening to each other's perspectives, sharing your own feelings and needs, and being open to compromise.\n* **Active listening:** Active listening is a key skill in conflict resolution. It involves paying attention to what the other person is saying, both verbally and nonverbally, and trying to understand their point of view.\n* **Problem-solving:** Once you have a better understanding of the conflict, you can start to work on solutions. This may involve brainstorming ideas, negotiating compromises, or finding ways to meet everyone's needs.\n* **Time-out:** If things start to get heated, it may be helpful to take a time-out. This gives everyone a chance to cool down and collect their thoughts.\n* **Mediation:** If you are unable to resolve the conflict on your own, you may want to consider mediation. This is a process in which a neutral third party helps you and the other person to come to a resolution.\n* **Arbitration:** If mediation is unsuccessful, you may want to consider arbitration. This is a process in which a neutral third party makes a decision about how to resolve the conflict.\n\nIt is important to remember that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to conflict resolution. The best strategy will vary depending on the specific situation. However, by following these general tips, you can increase the chances of resolving conflict peacefully and effectively.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "mDSj4BKim2eANUnEjW7xBm", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 11, "text": "The use of single-use plastic bottles has a number of negative environmental and health implications.\n\nEnvironmentally, single-use plastic bottles contribute to the problem of plastic pollution. Every year, millions of plastic bottles end up in landfills, incinerators, or the ocean. These bottles can take hundreds of years to decompose, and they can leach harmful chemicals into the environment.\n\nHealth-wise, the use of single-use plastic bottles can increase the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals. These chemicals can leach into the water from the bottle, or they can be released into the air when the bottle is heated. Exposure to these chemicals can cause a number of health problems, including cancer, reproductive problems, and neurological problems.\n\nUsing a reusable bottle instead of a single-use plastic bottle can help to reduce the environmental and health impacts of plastic pollution. Reusable bottles are made from materials that are less harmful to the environment, and they can be used over and over again. This helps to reduce the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills, incinerators, or the ocean.\n\nReusable bottles are also better for human health. They do not leach harmful chemicals into the water, and they do not release chemicals into the air when they are heated. This helps to reduce the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals.\n\nOverall, using a reusable bottle instead of a single-use plastic bottle is a better choice for both the environment and human health.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "MnkceSK7WwyXqAhbuKVYX7", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 12, "text": "There are many factors to consider when designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system. Some of the most important factors include:\n\n* **Accessibility**. The system must be accessible to people with disabilities, including those who use wheelchairs, mobility scooters, or other assistive devices. This means that all aspects of the system, including the vehicles, the stations, and the signage, must be designed to be accessible.\n* **Affordability**. The system must be affordable for all users, including low-income and marginalized communities. This means that the fares must be reasonable and that there must be a variety of payment options available.\n* **Convenience**. The system must be convenient to use, with frequent service and easy connections between different modes of transportation. This means that the system must be well-integrated with other transportation options, such as car sharing and bike lanes.\n* **Safety**. The system must be safe for all users, including women and children. This means that the vehicles must be well-maintained and that there must be adequate security measures in place.\n* **Sustainability**. The system must be sustainable, both environmentally and economically. This means that the system must use renewable energy sources and that it must be affordable to operate.\n\nThese are just some of the factors that must be considered when designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system. By taking these factors into account, we can create a system that is accessible to everyone and that meets the needs of all communities.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "EsyaBVpTN8BGbTSiFMnZUF", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 13, "text": "Fiscal and monetary policies can be used by governments to combat economic recessions in a number of ways.\n\n* **Fiscal policy** refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. During a recession, governments can use fiscal policy to increase demand and stimulate the economy. This can be done by increasing government spending on infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Governments can also reduce taxes to give consumers more money to spend.\n* **Monetary policy** refers to the use of interest rates and the money supply to influence the economy. During a recession, central banks can use monetary policy to lower interest rates and make it cheaper for businesses to borrow money. This can encourage businesses to invest and expand, which can create jobs and boost the economy.\n\nBoth fiscal and monetary policies can be effective in combatting economic recessions. However, the effectiveness of these policies depends on a number of factors, including the severity of the recession, the underlying causes of the recession, and the effectiveness of the policies themselves.\n\nIn recent years, there has been a debate about the best way to use fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions. Some economists argue that fiscal policy should be the primary tool used to combat recessions, while others argue that monetary policy should be the primary tool. There is no single answer to this question, as the best policy approach will vary depending on the specific circumstances.\n\nHowever, both fiscal and monetary policies can be effective in combatting economic recessions, and governments should use both tools to help stimulate the economy and create jobs.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "dX8M752A6tzqLg9KhwgG5p", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 14, "text": "Language and cultural barriers can affect the way people communicate and form relationships in multicultural societies in a number of ways.\n\n* **Language barriers** can make it difficult for people to understand each other's words and meanings. This can lead to misunderstandings and frustration, and can make it difficult to build trust and rapport.\n* **Cultural barriers** can make it difficult for people to understand each other's values, beliefs, and customs. This can lead to misunderstandings and conflict, and can make it difficult to build strong relationships.\n* **Language and cultural barriers** can also make it difficult for people to feel comfortable and included in multicultural societies. This can lead to feelings of isolation and alienation, and can make it difficult to participate fully in the community.\n\nThere are a number of things that can be done to overcome language and cultural barriers in multicultural societies. These include:\n\n* **Learning about other cultures**. This can help people to understand and appreciate different cultures, and can make it easier to build relationships with people from other cultures.\n* **Learning about other languages**. This can help people to communicate effectively with people from other cultures, and can help to build trust and rapport.\n* **Building bridges**. This can help to bring people from different cultures together, and can help to create a more inclusive and supportive environment.\n* **Celebrating diversity**. This can help to promote understanding and appreciation for different cultures, and can help to create a more vibrant and exciting community.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "dzwhq5XbaEBVpargyczz9B", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 15, "text": "Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery in a number of ways. For example, AI can be used to:\n\n* **Diagnose diseases:** AI-powered algorithms can be trained to analyze large amounts of medical data, such as patient records and medical images, to identify patterns that may indicate disease. This can help doctors to diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly, which can lead to better patient outcomes.\n* **Treat diseases:** AI can also be used to develop new treatments for diseases. For example, AI-powered algorithms can be used to screen large libraries of compounds for potential drug candidates. This can help to speed up the drug discovery process and bring new drugs to market more quickly.\n* **Monitor patients:** AI can be used to monitor patients for signs of disease progression or complications. For example, AI-powered algorithms can be used to analyze data from wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, to identify changes in heart rate, sleep patterns, and other vital signs. This can help doctors to identify problems early on and intervene before they become serious.\n* **Provide administrative support:** AI can also be used to provide administrative support to healthcare providers. For example, AI-powered chatbots can be used to answer patient questions, schedule appointments, and process insurance claims. This can free up healthcare providers to spend more time with patients and focus on providing care.\n\nOverall, AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery by improving the quality and efficiency of care. By automating tasks and providing support to healthcare providers, AI can help to free up time and resources, which can lead to better patient outcomes.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "8zqxUtHxgtoHBkbf2bkqNW", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 16, "text": "CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that can be used to make precise changes to DNA. It works by cutting DNA at a specific location and then allowing the cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms to take over. This can be used to delete, add, or replace genes.\n\nCRISPR-Cas9 has a wide range of potential applications, including:\n\n* Treating genetic diseases: CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.\n* Improving crop yields: CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to make crops more resistant to pests and diseases, or to increase the nutritional content of crops.\n* Creating new biofuels: CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to engineer bacteria that can produce biofuels from waste materials.\n\nHowever, CRISPR-Cas9 also raises ethical concerns, such as:\n\n* The potential to create designer babies: CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to edit the genes of human embryos, potentially creating \"designer babies\" with desired traits.\n* The potential to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs): CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to edit the genes of plants and animals, creating GMOs that some people believe could pose risks to human health or the environment.\n* The potential to create new weapons: CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to create new biological weapons that could be used to harm or kill people.\n\nIt is important to weigh the potential benefits and risks of CRISPR-Cas9 before using it.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "WJc37t4n5PqmKKS3V4eMG2", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 17, "text": "Vaccines work by teaching your body's immune system how to recognize and fight off a disease. When you get a vaccine, your body produces antibodies against the disease. These antibodies will stay in your blood and help protect you if you are ever exposed to the disease again.\n\nVaccinations are very effective at preventing diseases. For example, the measles vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles, and the mumps vaccine is 88% effective at preventing mumps.\n\nVaccinations also help protect communities from infectious diseases. When a large number of people in a community are vaccinated, it makes it harder for the disease to spread. This is because even if a few people in the community are infected, the disease will not be able to spread to as many people because most people are immune. This is called herd immunity.\n\nHerd immunity is important because it can help protect people who cannot be vaccinated, such as young children, pregnant women, and people with certain medical conditions. These people are at increased risk of getting sick if they are exposed to a disease.\n\nHerd immunity can also help protect people who are vaccinated but whose immune system does not respond well to the vaccine. These people may still get sick if they are exposed to the disease, but they are less likely to get seriously ill.\n\nVaccination is one of the most important ways to protect yourself and your community from infectious diseases. If you are not sure whether you are up-to-date on your vaccinations, talk to your doctor.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CvVLf8FgoHywJy8j8JJ4qL", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 18, "text": "Social media platforms have a significant influence on the way people consume and share news. They provide a platform for people to share news stories with their friends and followers, and they also allow users to curate their own news feeds. This can lead to people being exposed to a wider range of news stories than they would otherwise be, but it can also make it more difficult for them to distinguish between legitimate news sources and fake news.\n\nSocial media platforms also use algorithms to determine what news stories are shown to users. These algorithms are designed to keep users engaged on the platform, and they often prioritize news stories that are likely to get a lot of attention, such as those that are sensational or controversial. This can lead to people being exposed to a lot of news stories that are not necessarily accurate or reliable.\n\nThe spread of misinformation on social media is a serious problem. Fake news stories can be designed to look like they are from legitimate news sources, and they can spread quickly and easily on social media. This can have a significant impact on public opinion, and it can also make it more difficult for people to trust the information they see online.\n\nThere are a number of things that can be done to combat the spread of misinformation on social media. One is to educate people about how to identify fake news stories. Another is to make it easier for people to report fake news stories. And finally, social media platforms can do more to remove fake news stories from their platforms.\n\nIt is important to remember that social media is not the only way that people get news. Many people still get their news from traditional sources, such as newspapers and television. However, social media is becoming an increasingly important part of how people consume news, and it is important to understand how it is changing the way people consume and share news.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "P5rytR6vTJjxgWxRoxT3vX", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 19, "text": "Cultural, social, and economic factors influence people's food choices in many ways. Here are a few examples:\n\n* **Culture** plays a role in food choices by shaping what people consider to be acceptable or desirable to eat. For example, some cultures have strong taboos against eating certain foods, such as pork or beef.\n* **Social factors** such as family, friends, and peers can also influence food choices. People are more likely to eat foods that are popular among their social group.\n* **Economic factors** such as the cost of food and the availability of healthy food options can also affect food choices. People who are on a tight budget may choose to eat less expensive, less healthy foods.\n\nThis knowledge can be used to promote healthier diets by making healthy foods more accessible and affordable, and by educating people about the importance of eating a healthy diet. For example, governments can provide subsidies for healthy foods, or they can build more grocery stores in underserved communities. Schools can also teach students about nutrition and healthy eating habits.\n\nIn addition, individuals can make healthier food choices by being more mindful of the cultural, social, and economic factors that influence their decisions. For example, people can try to eat more foods that are culturally appropriate, and they can avoid foods that are not healthy simply because they are popular. People can also try to eat more healthy foods that are affordable, and they can make healthy food choices even when they are on a tight budget.\n\nBy making healthy food choices, people can improve their overall health and well-being.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "5biCd7QRZP6rquaz8eC9Vm", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 20, "text": "Natural selection is the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring. This process leads to the evolution of species over time.\n\nNatural selection is based on the following principles:\n\n* Variation: There is variation within a population of organisms. This variation can be caused by genetic mutation, environmental factors, or both.\n* Differential reproduction: Not all organisms survive and reproduce equally. Some organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than others.\n* Heredity: The traits that an organism inherits from its parents are passed down to its offspring.\n\nNatural selection can lead to the evolution of new species. For example, if a population of giraffes is living in an environment with a lot of tall trees, the giraffes with longer necks will be more likely to survive and reproduce. This is because they will be able to reach the leaves on the taller trees. Over time, the giraffes with longer necks will become more common in the population. This is an example of natural selection leading to the evolution of a new species, in this case, giraffes with longer necks.\n\nNatural selection can also lead to the adaptation of species to their environment. For example, if a population of fish is living in an environment with a lot of predators, the fish with darker colors will be more likely to survive and reproduce. This is because they will be less visible to the predators. Over time, the fish with darker colors will become more common in the population. This is an example of natural selection leading to the adaptation of a species to its environment.\n\nNatural selection is a powerful mechanism that can lead to the evolution and adaptation of species. It is a key part of the process of life on Earth.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "363RwB6kr8nV6qFNdjXZnS", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 21, "text": "I would introduce myself as follows:\n\n\"I am Sir [your name], a knight in the service of [your lord's name]. I have come to this banquet to pay my respects to your majesty and to enjoy your hospitality.\"\n\nI would then bow to the king or queen and take my seat at the table. If I was asked to speak, I would give a brief account of my deeds and accomplishments.\n\nI would be careful to avoid anything that could be seen as boastful or arrogant. I would also be mindful of the customs and etiquette of the time, and make sure to behave in a way that would be considered appropriate.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "gDnYxMu5Dd52xhMqQAJaZP", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 22, "text": "Here is what I would say to my crew to motivate them to search for hidden treasure:\n\n\"Mates, I know you're all tired and hungry, but we have a chance to find something that will make us all rich beyond our wildest dreams. There's a treasure buried out there, and I know we can find it. We just need to keep our heads up and keep searching. I believe in you, and I know you can do this. So let's get to it!\"\n\nI would also try to appeal to their sense of adventure and excitement. I would tell them about the stories I've heard of other pirates who have found great treasure, and how they have used it to live a life of luxury and adventure. I would tell them that this could be their chance to live that life too.\n\nFinally, I would try to motivate them by offering them a share of the treasure. I would tell them that if we find the treasure, they will all be rich beyond their wildest dreams. I would tell them that they will be able to buy anything they want, and that they will never have to worry about money again.\n\nI believe that if I can motivate my crew with these words, they will be more likely to search for the hidden treasure.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "kCV5RSrnmmTyv3HA5oU38P", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 23, "text": "If I were a Shakespearean character, I would declare my love for someone in a soliloquy by speaking from the heart and expressing my true feelings. I would use poetic language and imagery to describe my love, and I would convey the depth of my emotion. I would also be sure to include a declaration of my love, so that my beloved would know how I feel.\n\nHere is an example of how I might declare my love in a soliloquy:\n\nMy dearest, I love you with all my heart.\nYou are the sun that lights my days,\nAnd the moon that guides me through the night.\nYou are the stars that sparkle in my eyes,\nAnd the rain that washes away my tears.\nYou are the wind that fills my sails,\nAnd the earth that grounds me.\nYou are my everything,\nAnd I will love you forever.\n\nI hope this helps!", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CTGLYNAWrWeuCYZAR9bD2r", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 24, "text": "I would tell the child that I was once a regular person, just like them. I went to school, played games, and had friends. But one day, I got into an accident. I was hit by a car and almost died. But instead of dying, I got superpowers! I can fly, I can lift heavy things, and I can even shoot lasers out of my eyes! I use my powers to help people and make the world a better place.\n\nI would also tell the child that I was inspired by other superheroes, like Superman and Batman. They showed me that even though bad things happen in the world, there are always people who are willing to help others. I wanted to be one of those people, so I decided to use my powers to make a difference.\n\nI would hope that the child would be inspired by my story and would want to use their own powers to help others. I would tell them that even though they don't have superpowers, they can still make a difference in the world by being kind to others, helping out when they can, and standing up for what they believe in.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Eh5qCENdftYf9JKrBspYna", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 25, "text": "As a time traveler from the year 3000, I would tell people about the following technological advancements:\n\n* **Dyson spheres:** Dyson spheres are theoretical megastructures that would surround a star and harness its energy. They are still in the theoretical stage, but scientists believe that they could be built in the next few centuries.\n* **Interstellar travel:** Interstellar travel is the ability to travel between stars and planets. It is currently impossible with our current technology, but scientists are working on developing new technologies that could make it possible in the future.\n* **Artificial intelligence:** Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that deals with the creation of intelligent agents, which are systems that can reason, learn, and act autonomously. AI has made great progress in recent years, and it is likely to continue to advance in the future.\n* **Robotics:** Robotics is the field of engineering that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. Robots are machines that can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks. They are already used in a variety of industries, and they are likely to become even more common in the future.\n* **Gene editing:** Gene editing is the ability to modify the genes of an organism. This technology has the potential to cure genetic diseases, improve crop yields, and even create new species of plants and animals.\n* **Virtual reality:** Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation that can be similar to or completely different from the real world. VR is already being used for a variety of purposes, such as training, entertainment, and education. It is likely to become even more common in the future.\n\nThese are just a few of the technological advancements that I would tell people about. I am sure that there will be many other advancements that I cannot even imagine.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "M6hCe8Z4JDpt75HZ5PsSWr", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 26, "text": "Here is a possible description of the winning play in the final seconds of a championship game:\n\n\"With only seconds remaining in the game, the score is tied. The ball is on the opposing team's 40-yard line, and they have one last chance to score. The quarterback takes the snap and drops back to pass. He looks downfield and sees his wide receiver open. He throws the ball, and the wide receiver catches it in stride. He runs into the end zone for a touchdown! The crowd goes wild as the team celebrates their victory.\"\n\nThis is just one example of how a winning play in the final seconds of a championship game could be described. There are many other ways to describe the play, and the specific details of the play would depend on the specific game.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "QCDsmbALfut5758pyiKvc5", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 27, "text": "My signature dish is a pan-seared filet mignon wrapped in prosciutto and topped with a mushroom duxelles. It is served with a side of roasted potatoes and asparagus.\n\nThe filet mignon is cooked to perfection, and the prosciutto adds a salty, smoky flavor. The mushroom duxelles is a rich and flavorful sauce that pairs perfectly with the beef. The roasted potatoes and asparagus are a delicious and healthy accompaniment.\n\nThis dish is a true labor of love. I take great care in selecting the ingredients and preparing the dish. I want my guests to experience the best of what I have to offer.\n\nI am confident that you will enjoy this dish as much as I do. It is a perfect combination of flavors and textures that will leave you feeling satisfied.\n\nI hope you will consider my dish for your next competition. I believe it is a dish that would stand out from the competition and impress your judges.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NWUbhwZQCuXsuQimrjQRza", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 28, "text": "I stand at the top of the world, my breath coming in ragged gasps. The air is thin and cold, but I don't care. I'm on top of Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. I've made it.\n\nI look around at the vast expanse of snow and ice. The sun is just starting to rise, and the sky is a brilliant blue. The mountains around me are like giant sleeping giants.\n\nI feel a sense of awe and wonder. I've never seen anything like this before. It's so beautiful, so peaceful.\n\nI take a deep breath and savor the moment. I've worked so hard for this, and it's all worth it.\n\nI know that I'll never forget this feeling. It's the feeling of accomplishment, of reaching a goal, of overcoming adversity. It's the feeling of being alive.\n\nI turn and start my descent. I know that I'll never be able to stay at the top of the world forever. But I'll always remember this moment.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "VYwSjZrSLW9ZSvqryyjEaB", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 29, "text": "As a space colonist on Mars, my daily life is a constant struggle for survival. The challenges I face are many and varied, but the most pressing are the lack of oxygen, the extreme cold, and the radiation.\n\nI wake up each morning in a pressurized habitat, where I eat a quick breakfast and then get ready for the day's work. My first task is to check the air filters, as they are constantly being clogged by the dust and sand. Once that is done, I start my work on the crops. We have been able to grow some plants in the greenhouse, but they are not enough to sustain us. We are constantly on the lookout for new ways to grow food, as we know that our survival depends on it.\n\nAfter a long day of work, I return to the habitat for dinner and a few hours of relaxation. I am always tired, as the work is physically and mentally demanding. But I know that I have to keep going, as I am part of something bigger than myself. I am part of the first generation of humans to live on another planet, and that is an honor.\n\nThe challenges I face are many, but I am determined to overcome them. I know that the future of humanity depends on it.\n\nHere are some of the challenges I face as a space colonist on Mars:\n\n* **Lack of oxygen.** The atmosphere on Mars is very thin, and it contains mostly carbon dioxide. This means that I have to wear a pressurized suit whenever I go outside, and I have to bring my own oxygen with me.\n* **Extreme cold.** The average temperature on Mars is -63 degrees Celsius. This means that I have to wear multiple layers of clothing, and I have to keep my habitat heated.\n* **Radiation.** The surface of Mars is constantly bombarded by radiation from the sun and from space. This radiation can cause cancer, so I have to wear special shielding to protect myself.\n* **Dust storms.** The surface of Mars is very dusty, and there are frequent dust storms. These dust storms can block out the sun and make it difficult to breathe.\n* **Isolation.** Mars is very far away from Earth. This means that I am cut off from my family and friends, and I have to rely on my fellow colonists for support.\n\nDespite these challenges, I am determined to make a life for myself on Mars. I know that it will not be easy, but I am confident that I can overcome the challenges I face.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "FA7PXuUbEVGKHaWpxaimy8", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 30, "text": "I am a survivor in a post-apocalyptic world. I have been living on my own for the past few years, and I have learned to be resourceful and self-sufficient. I have a small garden where I grow my own food, and I have a few chickens that I raise for eggs. I also scavenge for food and supplies when I can.\n\nI have made a few allies in this world. There are a few other survivors who live in the area, and we help each other out when we can. We share food and supplies, and we look out for each other's safety. We are all trying to survive in this new world, and we know that we are stronger together.\n\nOne of my allies is a young woman named Sarah. She is a skilled hunter and gatherer, and she has taught me a lot about living off the land. She is also a kind and compassionate person, and she has always been there for me when I needed her.\n\nAnother one of my allies is a man named John. He is a former soldier, and he is a skilled fighter and tactician. He has taught me a lot about self-defense, and he has also helped me to develop my leadership skills. He is a loyal and trustworthy friend, and I am grateful to have him in my life.\n\nI am grateful for my allies, and I know that I am lucky to have them in my life. We are all trying to survive in this new world, and we know that we are stronger together.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "j5EV5cZNsn9DcF6WsvXRzS", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 31, "text": "Here are some ways to determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists:\n\n* **Check the restaurant's website or social media pages.** If the restaurant has a lot of reviews and comments from locals, that's a good sign that it's popular among locals.\n* **Look for the restaurant's name in local publications or websites.** If the restaurant is mentioned in local newspapers or magazines, that's another sign that it's popular among locals.\n* **Ask locals for recommendations.** If you're looking for a good place to eat, ask locals for their recommendations. They're likely to know the best places to eat in their area.\n* **Look for the restaurant's location.** If the restaurant is located in a tourist area, that's a good sign that it mainly attracts tourists. However, if the restaurant is located in a residential area, that's a good sign that it's popular among locals.\n* **Look for the restaurant's atmosphere.** If the restaurant has a casual atmosphere, that's a good sign that it's popular among locals. However, if the restaurant has a formal atmosphere, that's a good sign that it mainly attracts tourists.\n\nKnowing whether a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists can be useful for a number of reasons. For example, if you're looking for a good place to eat that's authentic to the local culture, you'll want to find a restaurant that's popular among locals. On the other hand, if you're looking for a good place to eat that's convenient to your hotel, you'll want to find a restaurant that's popular among tourists.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "2eAYCYmwTkPa3ejQDv8LyB", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 32, "text": "There are a few subtle clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed. Here are a few examples:\n\n* Using vague or general terms without providing any specific examples.\n* Asking questions that are already answered in the conversation.\n* Making statements that don't seem to be relevant to the topic.\n* Not making eye contact or appearing uncomfortable.\n* Fidgeting or making other nervous gestures.\n* Trying to change the subject or end the conversation quickly.\n\nIf you notice someone exhibiting these behaviors, it's possible that they are pretending to understand something they don't. If you're not sure, it's always best to err on the side of caution and ask them to clarify what they mean.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "d562WYnhsvgJ8J6Ubitmvw", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 33, "text": "There are a few reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app:\n\n* **They may not have a smartphone or GPS device.** Not everyone has a smartphone or GPS device, especially if they are traveling to a developing country or rural area.\n* **They may not have a reliable internet connection.** Even if you have a smartphone or GPS device, you may not have a reliable internet connection to use them. This can be a problem in areas with poor cell phone reception or where internet access is expensive.\n* **They may not want to use their battery life.** Using a smartphone or GPS device can drain your battery life quickly, especially if you are using them for navigation. If you are trying to conserve battery life, you may prefer to use a paper map or ask for directions.\n* **They may prefer the tactile experience of using a paper map.** Some people simply prefer the tactile experience of using a paper map. They may find it more satisfying to fold and unfold a map, and they may find it easier to visualize their route when they can see it laid out on paper.\n* **They may prefer to interact with other people.** When you ask for directions, you are interacting with another person. This can be a good way to meet new people and learn about the local culture.\n\nIn addition, there are some specific situations where using a paper map or asking for directions may be the best option:\n\n* **If you are hiking or camping.** If you are hiking or camping in an area with no cell phone reception, you will need to use a paper map or ask for directions from other hikers or campers.\n* **If you are driving in a remote area.** If you are driving in a remote area with no cell phone reception, you will need to use a paper map or ask for directions from other drivers.\n* **If you are traveling to a country with a different language.** If you are traveling to a country with a different language, you may not be able to use a smartphone or GPS device to get directions. In this case, you will need to ask for directions from someone who speaks your language.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hPMvV6zL2C4qTP4mRmhJwG", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 34, "text": "Here are some tips on how to determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite:\n\n* **Pay attention to their body language.** If they are leaning in towards you, making eye contact, and nodding their head, they are likely interested in what you have to say. If they are fidgeting, checking their phone, or looking around the room, they may not be as engaged.\n* **Listen to their questions.** If they are asking questions about you and your interests, they are likely interested in getting to know you. If they are only asking questions about the topic of the conversation, they may not be as engaged.\n* **Notice how they respond to your answers.** If they are attentively listening to your answers and asking follow-up questions, they are likely interested in what you have to say. If they are not responding to your answers or changing the topic of the conversation, they may not be as interested.\n* **Trust your gut.** If you feel like someone is not being genuine, they probably are not. If you feel like someone is genuinely interested in you and the conversation, they probably are.\n\nIt is important to remember that everyone is different and there is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question. However, by paying attention to these tips, you can get a good sense of whether someone is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "npWNeKceGyqCYaRpY4w54g", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 35, "text": "There are many reasons why someone might prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher. Here are a few:\n\n* **Supporting the local economy.** When you shop at a small business, more of your money stays in your community. This helps to support local jobs, schools, and infrastructure.\n* **Getting unique products.** Small businesses are often more likely to carry unique or one-of-a-kind products that you won't find at a chain store.\n* **Getting better service.** Small businesses are often more customer-oriented than chain stores. Owners and employees are more likely to take the time to get to know you and your needs.\n* **Feeling good about supporting a local family or community.** When you shop at a small business, you're supporting the dreams of a local family or community. This can give you a sense of pride and satisfaction.\n\nOf course, there are also some downsides to shopping at small businesses. The prices may be higher, and the selection may be smaller. But for many people, the benefits outweigh the costs.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "WVuaK9m8Sedcws27tNu7Ev", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 36, "text": "Here are some tips on how to assess the credibility of a source of information without relying solely on the reputation of the author or publisher:\n\n* **Check the source's credentials.** Does the author have any relevant experience or education? Is the publisher a reputable organization?\n* **Look for bias.** Does the source seem to be trying to push an agenda? Is it more likely to present one side of an issue than the other?\n* **Check the sources of the information.** Does the source cite any other sources? Are those sources credible?\n* **Look for errors.** Is there any evidence that the source has made any mistakes?\n* **Read the source critically.** Ask yourself if the information makes sense. Does it seem consistent with what you know about the topic?\n\nIt is important to remember that even the most reputable sources can make mistakes. It is always a good idea to do your own research and to corroborate information from multiple sources.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "HLtTf83Y5QRP4TxX6nw5TC", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 37, "text": "There are a few reasons why people might enjoy being scared. One reason is that it can release endorphins, which are hormones that have mood-boosting effects. Endorphins can make us feel happy and euphoric, and they can also help to reduce stress and pain.\n\nAnother reason people might enjoy being scared is that it can provide a sense of excitement and adrenaline. When we are scared, our bodies release adrenaline, which can make us feel more alert and energized. This can be a pleasurable experience for some people.\n\nFinally, some people might enjoy being scared because it allows them to experience a sense of control over their fear. When we are scared, we often feel like we are at the mercy of our emotions. However, if we are able to face our fears and overcome them, it can give us a sense of empowerment and accomplishment.\n\nOn the other hand, some people avoid scary experiences because they find them to be unpleasant. They might be afraid of feeling scared, or they might worry that they will not be able to handle the fear. Others might simply not find the experience of being scared to be enjoyable.\n\nUltimately, whether or not someone enjoys being scared is a personal preference. There is no right or wrong answer, and people should do what makes them happy.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Fmdtexq6QQNuoqZkZfDURY", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 38, "text": "Observing the behavior of other people in a social situation can provide clues about cultural norms and expectations by:\n\n* **Identifying patterns of behavior.** If you see that people are all doing something in a certain way, it can be a sign that there is an unspoken rule about how to behave in that situation. For example, if you see that everyone in a restaurant is using their napkins to wipe their mouths, it can be a sign that there is an expectation that people will use their napkins to eat.\n* **Paying attention to how people react to violations of cultural norms.** If you see someone violate a cultural norm, take note of how other people react. Do they seem surprised? Angry? Upset? This can give you clues about how important the norm is to people in that culture. For example, if you see someone in a restaurant talking loudly on their phone, and other people around them seem annoyed, it can be a sign that people in that culture value quietness in restaurants.\n* **Talking to people about their culture.** If you are curious about cultural norms and expectations, you can always talk to people who are from that culture. They can tell you about the rules that they have learned and how they are expected to behave in different situations. For example, if you are visiting a country that has a different language than your own, you could talk to a native speaker of that language about how to greet people in their culture.\n\nObserving the behavior of other people in a social situation can be a helpful way to learn about cultural norms and expectations. By paying attention to patterns of behavior, how people react to violations of cultural norms, and talking to people about their culture, you can gain a deeper understanding of how people in different cultures behave.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "WxnC69jTMkyJvcqvMCgCwY", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 39, "text": "There is no easy answer to this question, as it is a complex and multifaceted issue. There are many factors to consider, such as the potential benefits of space exploration, the potential costs, and the ethical implications of exploring space.\n\nSome of the potential benefits of space exploration include:\n\n* Expanding our knowledge of the universe and our place in it\n* Developing new technologies that can be used to solve Earth's problems\n* Creating new industries and jobs\n* Inspiring people and motivating them to pursue their dreams\n\nSome of the potential costs of space exploration include:\n\n* The financial costs of developing and launching spacecraft\n* The environmental costs of space debris\n* The risks to human life\n* The potential for conflict between nations as they compete for resources in space\n\nThe ethical implications of exploring space are also complex. Some people believe that it is our moral duty to explore space, as it is the next frontier for humanity. Others believe that we should focus on solving Earth's problems first, before we embark on a journey into the unknown.\n\nUltimately, the decision of whether or not to explore space is a personal one. There is no right or wrong answer, and each person must weigh the potential benefits and costs before making a decision.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "npZdTFPRqZfoqzt5YurYEL", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 40, "text": "In a world where automation is becoming increasingly prevalent, it is important to prioritize both job creation and technological progress. Technological progress can lead to job creation by creating new industries and demand for new products and services. However, it can also lead to job destruction by automating tasks that were previously done by humans. It is important to find ways to mitigate the negative effects of automation on employment while also harnessing its potential to create new jobs.\n\nOne way to mitigate the negative effects of automation on employment is to invest in education and training so that workers can develop the skills they need to succeed in the new economy. Another way is to provide financial assistance to workers who are displaced by automation.\n\nIt is also important to create new industries and demand for new products and services that can be created by technological progress. This can be done by encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation. It is also important to invest in research and development so that new technologies can be developed that create new jobs.\n\nBy prioritizing both job creation and technological progress, we can ensure that automation has a positive impact on the economy and on society as a whole.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "iy9aa5sqFeNA2uPQZLpxEz", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 41, "text": "The average human blinks 15-20 times per minute, 1,200 times per hour, 28,800 times per day, 10,512,000 times a year, and 518,017,359 times in their entire lifetime.\n\nWe blink to keep our eyes moist and clean, and to protect them from foreign objects. Blinking also helps us to focus our vision.\n\nThe number of times we blink per minute varies depending on a number of factors, including our age, our activity level, and the environment we are in. For example, we tend to blink more often when we are tired or when we are exposed to bright lights.\n\nThe number of times we blink per day also varies depending on our age. For example, infants blink more often than adults, and older adults blink less often than younger adults.\n\nThe number of times we blink per year is a constant number, regardless of our age or activity level.\n\nThe number of times we blink per lifetime is a large number, but it is not an infinite number. If we lived for 100 years, we would blink an average of 518,017,359 times.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "XAALo4GKWE3QNb7wbkWVNk", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 42, "text": "There are approximately 10^18 atoms in a grain of salt. This number can be calculated by using the following steps:\n\n1. The atomic mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 58.44 g/mol.\n2. One mole contains Avogadro's number of atoms, which is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms.\n3. Therefore, the mass of one grain of salt is 58.44 x 10^-3 g.\n4. Dividing the mass of one grain of salt by the atomic mass of sodium chloride, we get the number of moles of sodium chloride in one grain of salt.\n5. Dividing the number of moles of sodium chloride by Avogadro's number, we get the number of atoms in one grain of salt.\n\nThis number is very large, and it can be difficult to comprehend. However, it is important to remember that atoms are very small, and that a grain of salt is also very small. The average grain of salt is about 0.05 mm in diameter, which is about the size of a grain of sand. Therefore, the number of atoms in a grain of salt is still relatively small compared to the size of the grain.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "XRWjLnJNyGNMfktTvWpbRV", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 43, "text": "There are about 8.6 million lightning strikes on Earth each day. This is based on the average number of lightning strikes worldwide every second, which is 100. \n\nLightning strikes occur when there is an imbalance between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. The Earth's surface is negatively charged, while the atmosphere is positively charged. When these two charges come into contact, they create an electrical discharge, which is lightning.\n\nLightning strikes are most common in areas with a lot of thunderstorms, such as the tropics. They can also occur in other areas, but they are less common.\n\nLightning strikes can be dangerous, and they can cause a lot of damage. They can start fires, injure people, and even kill people. It is important to be aware of the dangers of lightning strikes and to take precautions to stay safe.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CHeyn9eR3u5eFq99UJ3pbB", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 44, "text": "In the movie \"Up,\" the house is a typical American house that weighs about 10,000-25,000 kg. Helium balloons create about 10 g of lift each, so you would need at least 1,000,000 balloons to lift the house. In the film, we see an enormous collection of balloons above the house, perhaps 10 times the volume of the house. This would be about 10 million balloons, which is enough to lift the house.\n\nHowever, there are a few things to consider. First, the balloons would need to be very strong to withstand the weight of the house. Second, the house would need to be very light to be lifted by the balloons. Third, the balloons would need to be very buoyant to lift the house against the force of gravity.\n\nEven if all of these factors were met, it is still unlikely that a house could be lifted by balloons in the real world. The cost of the balloons, the time it would take to fill them, and the risk of them bursting would make it an impractical solution.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "kfoNRLCHFucfWcxFBPoJgP", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 45, "text": "According to Domo, 15,220,700 texts are sent every minute of every day worldwide, not including app-to-app messaging. This means that in a single minute, more than 15 million text messages are sent around the globe.\n\nThere are a few reasons why this number is so high. First, texting is a convenient and efficient way to communicate. It allows people to send quick messages to multiple people at once, and it doesn't require the sender or receiver to be available at the same time. Second, texting is a relatively inexpensive way to communicate. Most carriers offer unlimited texting plans, so people can send as many messages as they want without having to worry about running out of minutes or data. Finally, texting is a popular way to communicate with friends and family. Many people prefer to text rather than call or email, because it is a more casual and informal way to communicate.\n\nThe number of text messages sent globally is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. This is due to a number of factors, including the increasing popularity of smartphones, the growing availability of high-speed internet, and the continued development of new text messaging features.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "A4sDEGXpWaNVA39uRsDNjB", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 46, "text": "The number of words spoken daily on Earth is a difficult question to answer, as there are many factors that can affect the number of words spoken. However, there are some estimates that can be made.\n\nOne estimate is that the average person speaks about 7,000 words per day. This is based on a study that found that the average person speaks about 182,500 words per week. If we assume that the average person speaks for 5 days per week, then this would mean that they speak about 7,000 words per day.\n\nHowever, this is just an estimate, and the actual number of words spoken per day can vary greatly depending on the individual. Some people may speak more than 10,000 words per day, while others may speak less than 5,000 words per day.\n\nThere are a number of factors that can affect the number of words spoken per day. These include the person's occupation, their culture, and their personality. For example, people who work in sales or customer service may speak more words per day than people who work in jobs that are more solitary. People who live in cultures that are more talkative may also speak more words per day than people who live in cultures that are more reserved. And people who are more extroverted may also speak more words per day than people who are more introverted.\n\nSo, while the exact number of words spoken daily on Earth is unknown, it is estimated that the average person speaks about 7,000 words per day. This number can vary greatly depending on the individual, but it is a good starting point for estimating the number of words spoken on our planet.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hUAc6BCs5NuY7tS62PPXbT", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 47, "text": "There are an estimated 1 septillion snowflakes that fall each year. A septillion is a 1 with 24 zeros after it. To put that into perspective, there are only about 8 billion people on Earth. So, there are more snowflakes that fall in a single year than there are people on the entire planet!\n\nThe number of snowflakes that fall each year depends on a number of factors, including the amount of snowfall, the temperature, and the wind. In general, areas that receive a lot of snowfall will have more snowflakes falling each year. And, of course, areas that are colder will also have more snowflakes falling.\n\nSnowflakes are formed when water droplets in the atmosphere freeze. The water droplets need something to cling to in order to freeze, such as a dust particle or a piece of ice. Once the water droplets freeze, they start to grow and form snowflakes.\n\nThe shape of a snowflake depends on the temperature and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. If the temperature is very cold, the snowflakes will be very small and have a simple shape. If the temperature is warmer, the snowflakes will be larger and more complex.\n\nSnowflakes are a beautiful and fascinating part of winter. They are a reminder of the beauty of nature and the power of the cold.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "TMtjmb5tDizQ9RETRxpt2s", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 48, "text": "The number of pages in all the books ever written is an impossible number to know with certainty. There are many factors that would affect the total, including the number of books that have been written, the average length of a book, and the number of books that have been lost or destroyed.\n\nHowever, we can make some educated guesses based on available data. For example, Google Books has indexed over 129 million books, and the average length of a book is 300 pages. This would mean that the total number of pages in all the books ever written is over 38 trillion.\n\nHowever, this number is likely an underestimate. First, it does not take into account self-published books, which are often longer than traditionally published books. Second, it does not take into account books that have been lost or destroyed.\n\nA more accurate estimate of the total number of pages in all the books ever written would be somewhere in the range of 100 trillion to 1 quadrillion pages. This is a truly staggering number, and it is difficult to imagine how many books it would take to fill such a library.\n\nBut even this number is just an estimate. The true number of pages in all the books ever written is likely much higher, and we will never know for sure.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "AwQMPhhaJ32ByA3VjKF5Ph", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 49, "text": "The Earth has orbited the Sun 4.543 billion times since the beginning of life. This number is based on the age of the Earth, which is 4.543 billion years old, and the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun, which is 365.2422 days.\n\nThe first life on Earth is thought to have arisen about 3.8 billion years ago. This means that the Earth has orbited the Sun about 1 billion times since the first life arose.\n\nThe Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical, which means that it is not a perfect circle. The Earth's orbit is closest to the Sun in January and farthest from the Sun in July. This difference in distance causes the Earth's seasons.\n\nThe Earth's orbit is also tilted relative to the Sun's equator. This tilt causes the Earth's seasons to change.\n\nThe Earth's orbit around the Sun is a complex process that has been shaped by the forces of gravity, inertia, and tidal forces. The Earth's orbit is constantly changing, but it has been remarkably stable for billions of years. This stability is essential for life on Earth.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "UCqxXfMAnqJKbApsjrPFcq", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 50, "text": "There is no definitive answer to the question of how many songs have been recorded throughout history. However, there are a few ways to estimate this number.\n\nOne way is to look at the number of songs that have been registered with the United States Copyright Office. As of 2023, the US Copyright Office has registered over 97 million songs. However, this is likely an underestimate, as many songs are not registered with the Copyright Office.\n\nAnother way to estimate the number of songs that have been recorded is to look at the number of songs that are available for streaming on services like Spotify and Apple Music. As of 2023, Spotify has over 82 million songs in its catalog, and Apple Music has over 60 million songs. This suggests that there are at least 142 million songs that have been recorded and released to the public.\n\nHowever, this is still likely an underestimate, as many songs are not available for streaming on these services. For example, many songs are only available on physical media, such as vinyl records or CDs. Additionally, many songs are not released to the public, and are only available to be recorded by professional musicians.\n\nUltimately, the number of songs that have been recorded throughout history is likely in the billions. This is a staggering number, and it is a testament to the creativity and ingenuity of human beings.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "YMRg5Xi9BBvvqqny2tqJZ3", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 51, "text": "If the Internet had been invented during the Renaissance period, it would have had a profound impact on the world. The Renaissance was a time of great intellectual and cultural growth, and the Internet would have accelerated this growth. It would have allowed people to share ideas more easily, and to collaborate on projects from all over the world. It would have also helped to spread education and knowledge, and to promote understanding between different cultures.\n\nThe Internet would have also had a significant impact on the arts. It would have allowed artists to share their work more easily, and to connect with other artists from all over the world. It would have also helped to promote the arts, and to make them more accessible to the public.\n\nOverall, the Internet would have had a positive impact on the world if it had been invented during the Renaissance period. It would have accelerated the growth of knowledge and understanding, and it would have promoted the arts and culture.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "fhr7iMPb9SVJ663mXKBuct", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 52, "text": "If the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors, the course of history in the Americas would have been very different. The Aztecs were a powerful empire with a strong military, and their defeat by the Spanish was a major blow to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. If the Aztecs had won, they might have been able to resist the further expansion of European colonialism, and the Americas might have developed in a more independent and indigenous-centered way.\n\nHowever, it is important to note that the Aztecs were not immune to disease, and they were also facing internal political and economic problems. Even if they had defeated the Spanish, it is possible that their empire would have collapsed in the years to come.\n\nUltimately, the question of what would have happened if the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish is a matter of speculation. However, it is clear that their defeat had a profound impact on the course of history in the Americas.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "4rrmyZw9zhyJGqdrcazFvt", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 53, "text": "The Black Death was a devastating event that had a profound impact on the course of European history. It is impossible to say for certain what would have happened if the Black Death had not occurred, but it is likely that Europe would have been a very different place.\n\nOne of the most significant effects of the Black Death was the decline of the population. Millions of people died from the plague, and many more were left weakened or orphaned. This led to a labor shortage, which had a major impact on the economy.\n\nThe Black Death also had a profound impact on society. The deaths of so many people led to a sense of despair and hopelessness. Many people turned to religion for comfort, and there was a rise in superstition and fear.\n\nThe Black Death also led to changes in the way people lived. People began to avoid crowded areas, and they took steps to prevent the spread of the plague, such as burning the bodies of the dead and avoiding contact with people who were sick.\n\nIt is impossible to say for certain what would have happened if the Black Death had not occurred, but it is clear that it had a profound impact on the course of European history.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Za3mY9xwxpZdPmGW48wtzu", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 54, "text": "If Isaac Newton had focused on biology instead of physics, he might have made some important discoveries in the field of medicine. He could have studied the mechanics of the human body and how it moves, or he could have investigated the causes of disease. He might have even developed new treatments or cures for illnesses.\n\nHowever, it is also possible that Newton would not have made any significant discoveries in biology. He might have been too focused on physics to devote himself to another field. Additionally, biology is a much more complex field than physics, and Newton might not have had the same level of success in it.\n\nUltimately, it is impossible to say for sure what would have happened if Newton had focused on biology instead of physics. However, it is clear that he was a brilliant scientist with a lot to offer both fields.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "cbAaJS9ULjR4XYSHATujSG", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 55, "text": "It is impossible to say for certain what the world would be like without the Beatles, but it is clear that they had a profound impact on popular culture. The band's music and style were hugely influential, and their success helped to popularize rock and roll music around the world.\n\nIf the Beatles had never formed, it is possible that another band would have taken their place and become just as popular. However, it is also possible that the world would have been a very different place. The Beatles' music was often seen as a symbol of hope and optimism, and their message of peace and love resonated with many people. Without them, the world might be a darker and more cynical place.\n\nIt is also worth noting that the Beatles were not just a band. They were also cultural icons who helped to shape the way we view the world. Their fashion, their haircuts, and their language all became part of the fabric of popular culture. Without them, the world might be a more boring place.\n\nUltimately, it is impossible to say for certain what the world would be like without the Beatles. However, it is clear that they had a profound impact on popular culture, and their absence would be felt by many people.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "ZEgb9fvopGo7HF5wPeoeHs", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 56, "text": "If Alan Turing had not cracked the Enigma code during World War II, the Allies would have been at a significant disadvantage. The Enigma code was used by the German military to communicate securely, and it was very difficult to break. Turing's work was essential to the Allied victory, and it is likely that the war would have lasted much longer and resulted in more casualties if he had not been able to break the code.\n\nTuring's work at Bletchley Park was also important because it helped the Allies to understand the German military's plans and intentions. This information helped the Allies to make better decisions about where to deploy their troops and how to use their resources.\n\nOverall, Turing's work on the Enigma code was essential to the Allied victory in World War II. If he had not been able to break the code, the war would have lasted much longer and resulted in more casualties.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "igMXoEiszFM65ZS2KUTvtm", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 57, "text": "If the Suez Canal had never been constructed, it would have had a significant impact on the global economy. The canal is a major shipping route, and its absence would have forced ships to take a much longer and more expensive route around Africa. This would have made goods more expensive and slower to arrive.\n\nThe Suez Canal is also a major source of income for Egypt. The government collects tolls from ships that use the canal, and this money is used to fund important projects such as schools, hospitals, and infrastructure. If the canal had never been built, Egypt would have lost a significant source of income.\n\nThe Suez Canal is also a major symbol of Egyptian pride. The canal was built by Egyptian workers, and it is a source of national pride. If the canal had never been built, it would have been a major blow to Egyptian morale.\n\nOverall, the absence of the Suez Canal would have had a significant impact on the global economy and on Egypt. The canal is a major shipping route, a source of income for Egypt, and a symbol of Egyptian pride.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Up4h8RpgVVafBtUj4tiGPZ", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 58, "text": "If the Maya civilization had never mysteriously collapsed, it is likely that they would have continued to thrive and develop. They were a highly advanced civilization with a sophisticated understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and engineering. They also had a rich culture and a strong sense of community.\n\nIf the Maya had not collapsed, they would have likely continued to expand their territory and influence. They might have even become a global power. Their advanced technology and culture would have had a profound impact on the world.\n\nHowever, it is also possible that the Maya would have eventually collapsed even if they had not experienced the sudden and mysterious decline that they did. They were a very complex civilization with a lot of interconnected parts. If one part of the system collapsed, it could have had a cascading effect on the rest of the civilization.\n\nUltimately, it is impossible to say for sure what would have happened if the Maya civilization had never collapsed. However, it is clear that they were a very advanced and influential civilization. If they had not collapsed, they would have had a profound impact on the world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CMg3ypKyykGUzQsDmX7i35", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 59, "text": "If Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas, it is likely that other European explorers would have eventually found the continent. However, the timing of Columbus's voyage was important, as it coincided with the beginning of the Age of Exploration. Columbus's discovery helped to spur further exploration and colonization of the Americas, which had a profound impact on the history of the world.\n\nIf Columbus had not discovered the Americas, it is possible that the continent would have remained largely unknown to Europeans for centuries. This would have delayed the development of trade and communication between Europe and the Americas, and it would have also delayed the spread of European diseases to the Americas.\n\nIt is also possible that the Americas would have been settled by other peoples, such as the Chinese or the Japanese. These civilizations had the technology and the resources to reach the Americas, and they were also interested in exploring new lands.\n\nUltimately, it is impossible to say for sure what would have happened if Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas. However, it is clear that his discovery had a profound impact on the history of the world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "WhLiJXznzRBkzxDdnc5ndX", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 60, "text": "If Vincent van Gogh had been a successful artist during his lifetime, he would have likely sold more paintings and had a greater impact on the art world. He might have been able to support himself financially and pursue his art career without having to rely on his brother Theo for financial support. He might have also been able to travel more and experience more of the world, which would have influenced his art. \r\n\r\nHowever, it is also possible that Van Gogh's tragic story is part of the appeal of his art. His paintings are often seen as a window into his tortured soul and his passionate love of nature. If he had been successful during his lifetime, he might not have been able to create such powerful and moving works of art. \r\n\r\nUltimately, it is impossible to say for sure what would have happened if Vincent van Gogh had been a successful artist during his lifetime. However, it is clear that his tragic story has not diminished his impact on the art world. His paintings continue to be admired and loved by people all over the world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Vzmhr5RMndkR866p4pUef6", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 61, "text": "It looks like you want my help with coding, but I'm not trained to do that, yet. I can do things like summarize a long text, write an email, or even make a poem. Is there something else you would like to try?", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "jPrfhv9oaZGrkXxDUw5Vbt", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 62, "text": "Sure, here is a Python function to find the longest common subsequence of two input strings using dynamic programming:\n\n```python\ndef lcs(s1, s2):\n m = len(s1)\n n = len(s2)\n dp = [[0] * (n + 1) for i in range(m + 1)]\n\n for i in range(1, m + 1):\n for j in range(1, n + 1):\n if s1[i - 1] == s2[j - 1]:\n dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1\n else:\n dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1])\n\n return dp[m][n]\n```\n\nThis function uses dynamic programming to solve the problem. The idea is to first fill a table with the lengths of the longest common subsequences of all possible subsequences of the two strings. Then, we can find the longest common subsequence of the two strings by looking at the last element of the table.\n\nThe time complexity of this algorithm is O(nm), where m and n are the lengths of the two strings. The space complexity is O(mn).", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "KdZNrf6udTfCxGGcQxRbXk", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 63, "text": "Sure, here is a regular expression in Python to validate an email address:\n\n```python\nimport re\n\nregex = '^[a-zA-Z0-9]+[\\._]?[ a-zA-Z0-9]+[@]\\w+[. ]\\w{2,3}$'\n\ndef check(email):\n if re.search(regex, email):\n return True\n else:\n return False\n```\n\nThis regular expression matches the following format:\n\n* A username, which can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.\n* The @ symbol\n* A domain name, which can contain letters, numbers, and dots.\n* The top-level domain, which must be 2-3 characters long.\n\nThis regular expression does not validate the following:\n\n* The existence of the email server.\n* The validity of the domain name.\n* The availability of the username.\n\nIf you want to validate all of these things, you will need to use a different method.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "AFzqAfbYVL25DBqFA2cv4G", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 64, "text": "Here is a Python program to find the nth Fibonacci number using dynamic programming:\n\n```python\ndef fib(n):\n\n # Create a table of size n to store the Fibonacci numbers\n dp = [0] * n\n\n # Fill the first two elements of the table\n dp[0] = 0\n dp[1] = 1\n\n # Fill the remaining elements of the table\n for i in range(2, n):\n dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n\n # Return the nth Fibonacci number\n return dp[n-1]\n\n# Driver code\nn = int(input(\"Enter the nth Fibonacci number: \"))\nprint(\"The nth Fibonacci number is\", fib(n))\n```\n\nThis program uses dynamic programming to solve the Fibonacci sequence problem. Dynamic programming is a technique that can be used to solve problems that have overlapping subproblems. In this case, the subproblems are the Fibonacci numbers. The program stores the results of previously solved subproblems in a table, and then uses that table to calculate the nth Fibonacci number.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Lt56JzWfXBxbvxrLf4fn3t", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 65, "text": "Sure, here is a binary search algorithm to find a specific element in a sorted array:\n\n```python\ndef binary_search(array, low, high, x):\n if high >= low:\n mid = (high + low) // 2\n if array[mid] == x:\n return mid\n elif array[mid] < x:\n low = mid + 1\n else:\n high = mid - 1\n else:\n return -1\n```\n\nThis algorithm works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half until the target value is found. The algorithm starts by comparing the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half, again taking the middle element to compare to the target value, and repeating this until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array.\n\nThe time complexity of binary search is O(log n), where n is the number of elements in the array. This means that the algorithm takes logarithmic time to find the target value, even if the array is very large.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "bmaShWUyEqPE6kbHD6FjLk", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 66, "text": "Here is an implementation of a queue data structure using two stacks in Python:\n\n```python\nclass Queue:\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.in_stack = []\n self.out_stack = []\n\n def enqueue(self, element):\n self.in_stack.append(element)\n\n def dequeue(self):\n if len(self.out_stack) == 0:\n while len(self.in_stack) > 0:\n self.out_stack.append(self.in_stack.pop())\n return self.out_stack.pop()\n\n def __len__(self):\n return len(self.in_stack) + len(self.out_stack)\n\n def __iter__(self):\n return iter(self.in_stack)\n\n def __contains__(self, element):\n return element in self.in_stack\n```\n\nThis implementation uses two stacks, an `in_stack` and an `out_stack`. The `in_stack` is used to store elements that are waiting to be processed, and the `out_stack` is used to store elements that have been processed. When an element is enqueued, it is added to the `in_stack`. When an element is dequeued, it is removed from the `out_stack`. If the `out_stack` is empty, the elements in the `in_stack` are popped into the `out_stack` and the `in_stack` is emptied.\n\nThis implementation of a queue data structure using two stacks is efficient, as it uses only two data structures. It is also easy to implement and maintain.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hiSVom5YqSrKZKor8CjHdU", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 67, "text": "Sure, here is a program to find the common elements in two arrays without using any extra data structures:\n\n```python\ndef common_elements(array1, array2):\n \"\"\"Finds the common elements in two arrays.\n\n Args:\n array1 (list): The first array.\n array2 (list): The second array.\n\n Returns:\n set: The set of common elements.\n \"\"\"\n # Initialize the set of common elements.\n common_elements = set()\n\n # Iterate through the first array.\n for element in array1:\n # Iterate through the second array.\n for element2 in array2:\n # If the elements are equal, add them to the set of common elements.\n if element == element2:\n common_elements.add(element)\n\n # Return the set of common elements.\n return common_elements\n```\n\nThis program uses a simple algorithm to find the common elements in two arrays. The algorithm first initializes a set of common elements. Then, it iterates through the first array and compares each element to each element in the second array. If an element is found in both arrays, it is added to the set of common elements. The algorithm then returns the set of common elements.\n\nThis algorithm is efficient, as it does not require any extra data structures. However, it can be slow for large arrays, as it has to compare all of the elements in the two arrays.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "JRHeURg4TrVAgWNp5yqjFx", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 68, "text": "To find the value of f(2), we simply substitute x=2 into the equation:\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\n\nTherefore, the value of f(2) is 39.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hZwFKeRYBLKihBEWSEGMYJ", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 69, "text": "Distribute the 5 on the right-hand side of the equation:\n\n3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n\nCombine like terms:\n\n-2x = -10\n\nDivide both sides by -2:\n\nx = 5\n\nTherefore, the solution to the equation is $x=5$.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "iG4SJq9xCKCDDtiqU3szJZ", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 70, "text": "The length of a line segment is the distance between its endpoints. The distance formula is:\n\n$$d = \\sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$\n\nwhere $(x_1, y_1)$ and $(x_2, y_2)$ are the coordinates of the endpoints. In this case, $(x_1, y_1) = (2, -2)$ and $(x_2, y_2) = (10, 4)$. Substituting these values into the distance formula, we get:\n\n$$d = \\sqrt{(10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2} = \\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \\sqrt{100} = 10$$\n\nTherefore, the length of the line segment is 10 units.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CjhV8cJ6UEp7Y4f3eWB6E5", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 71, "text": "Sure, here is a sample email that you can use as a template for your own joint venture proposal:\n\nDear [Potential Partner Name],\n\nI am writing to you today to propose a joint venture between our two companies. Our two companies have been working together for many years, and we have a proven track record of success. I believe that a joint venture between our two companies would be a mutually beneficial arrangement.\n\nThe purpose of this joint venture would be to develop a new product or service that would be marketed to a specific market. We would each contribute our own unique skills and resources to the project, and we would share the profits from the venture equally.\n\nI believe that this joint venture would be a success for several reasons. First, our two companies have a strong track record of success. We have both been in business for many years, and we have both developed a loyal customer base. Second, our two companies have complementary skills and resources. We each have our own strengths and weaknesses, and a joint venture would allow us to combine our strengths to create something even greater. Finally, I believe that the market for this new product or service is growing rapidly. There is a lot of demand for this type of product or service, and I believe that we can capture a significant share of the market.\n\nI would like to meet with you to discuss this proposal in more detail. I am available to meet at your convenience. Please let me know if you are interested in discussing this further.\n\nThank you for your time and consideration.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "5waLH9pZsr8jVTpy67QH58", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 72, "text": "Dear [Boss's name],\n\nI am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my position as [Your job title] at [Company name]. My last day of employment will be [Date].\n\nI have accepted a position at another company that will allow me to [Reason for leaving]. I have enjoyed my time at [Company name] and I am grateful for the opportunities I have been given. I have learned a great deal and I am confident that the skills I have developed will be valuable in my new role.\n\nI would like to thank you for your support and guidance during my time at [Company name]. I wish you and the company all the best in the future.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "ZV4sUNujQGS2w7Wg4jbXbf", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 73, "text": "Dear Admissions Committee,\n\nI am writing to recommend [student name] for admission to your prestigious graduate program in computer science. I have known [student name] for [number] years, first as their undergraduate advisor at [university name] and now as their research advisor at [university name].\n\n[Student name] is an outstanding student with a strong academic record. They have consistently earned top grades in their coursework, and they have a deep understanding of the theoretical and practical foundations of computer science. [Student name] is also an accomplished researcher. They have worked on several projects that have been published in top academic journals, and they have presented their work at several prestigious conferences.\n\nIn addition to their academic and research accomplishments, [student name] is also a well-rounded individual with a strong work ethic and a commitment to service. They are a member of several student organizations, and they volunteer their time at a local homeless shelter.\n\nI have no doubt that [student name] would be an asset to your graduate program. They are a highly intelligent and motivated individual with a strong work ethic and a commitment to excellence. I highly recommend [student name] for admission to your program.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "X94xm9m7tayWsKFNACqAG4", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 74, "text": "Subject: Introducing our new software solution: [Product Name]\n\nBody:\n\nHi [Customer Name],\n\nWe're excited to announce the launch of our new software solution, [Product Name]. [Product Name] is a revolutionary new tool that will help you [solve a problem or improve a process].\n\nWith [Product Name], you can [list of benefits].\n\nWe've been working hard to make [Product Name] the best it can be, and we're confident that you'll love it.\n\nTo learn more about [Product Name] and to sign up for a free trial, please visit our website at [website address].\n\nWe can't wait to hear what you think!\n\nThanks,\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "EFL7fU6gnicQY6DRpHvbTK", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 75, "text": "Dear [Customer Name],\n\nI am writing to apologize for the delay in your order. I know that you were expecting your order to arrive on [date], and I am truly sorry that it did not.\n\nThere was an issue with our shipping system that caused your order to be delayed. We have since fixed the issue and your order is now on its way to you. You should receive it within the next few days.\n\nI sincerely apologize for the inconvenience this has caused you. We value your business and we are committed to providing you with the best possible service.\n\nIf you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "XJLFjCr6vgQZjEXbaMjTa6", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 76, "text": "Sure, here is a script for a YouTube video exploring the history and cultural significance of jazz:\n\n* * *\n\n**Intro**\n\nJazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major form of musical expression in traditional and popular music.\n\nJazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, complex chords, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.\n\n**History of Jazz**\n\nJazz has its roots in the blues, which was a form of music that originated in the American South in the late 19th century. The blues was a way for African Americans to express their pain and suffering under slavery and segregation.\n\nJazz also has its roots in ragtime, which was a form of music that originated in the United States in the late 19th century. Ragtime was a fast-paced, syncopated style of music that was often played on the piano.\n\nJazz emerged in New Orleans in the early 20th century. The city was a melting pot of cultures, and jazz was a way for people from different backgrounds to come together and express themselves.\n\nJazz quickly spread to other parts of the United States and the world. In the 1920s, jazz became popular in Europe, and in the 1930s, it became popular in Latin America.\n\n**Cultural Significance of Jazz**\n\nJazz has had a profound impact on American culture. It has been used in film, television, and advertising. It has also been used in political protests and social movements.\n\nJazz has also been a major influence on other genres of music, such as rock and roll, hip hop, and soul music.\n\n**Conclusion**\n\nJazz is a living, breathing art form that has been around for over a century. It has evolved over time, but its core elements remain the same: swing, blue notes, complex chords, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, and improvisation.\n\nJazz is a music that is constantly being reinvented by new musicians. It is a music that is constantly being reinterpreted by new listeners. And it is a music that is constantly being celebrated by new generations of fans.\n\n* * *", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "bz3rS9MRs9QmaLGg4A8a7B", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 77, "text": "**Hawaii: A Cultural Experience of a Lifetime**\n\nHawaii is a state of the United States that is known for its beautiful beaches, lush rainforests, and stunning volcanoes. But what many people don't know is that Hawaii is also home to a rich and vibrant culture.\n\nIf you're planning a trip to Hawaii, be sure to add some cultural experiences to your itinerary. Here are a few suggestions:\n\n* Visit a luau: A luau is a traditional Hawaiian feast that includes food, music, and dancing. It's a great way to experience Hawaiian culture and cuisine.\n* Take a hula class: Hula is a traditional Hawaiian dance that tells stories through movement. It's a beautiful and graceful art form that anyone can learn.\n* Visit a museum: Hawaii has several museums that showcase the state's unique history and culture. These museums are a great place to learn about Hawaiian culture and history.\n* Go on a hike: Hawaii is home to some of the most beautiful hiking trails in the world. These hikes are a great way to experience the natural beauty of the islands.\n* Go snorkeling or scuba diving: The waters around Hawaii are home to a variety of marine life. Snorkeling or scuba diving is a great way to see this marine life up close.\n* Visit a coffee farm: Hawaii is home to some of the best coffee in the world. Visiting a coffee farm is a great way to learn about the coffee-making process and sample some of the local coffee.\n\nThese are just a few of the many cultural experiences that you can have in Hawaii. If you're looking for a truly unique and memorable vacation, be sure to add some cultural experiences to your itinerary.\n\nHere are some must-see attractions in Hawaii:\n\n* Haleakala National Park: Haleakala National Park is home to the dormant Haleakala volcano. The park is a great place to see the sunrise and hike through the rainforest.\n* The North Shore: The North Shore of Oahu is home to some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. The North Shore is also a great place to go surfing.\n* The Big Island of Hawaii: The Big Island of Hawaii is the largest of the Hawaiian Islands. The island is home to volcanoes, rainforests, and beaches.\n* Kauai: Kauai is the fourth largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Kauai is known for its beautiful scenery, including the Na Pali Coast.\n* Maui: Maui is the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Maui is known for its beaches, volcanoes, and rainforests.\n\nNo matter what you're interested in, Hawaii has something to offer. Whether you're looking for a relaxing beach vacation or an adventure-filled journey, Hawaii is the perfect destination.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "kCS2ZqzKTdDpaXwu3TiFXP", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 78, "text": "Denis Villeneuve's Dune is a visually stunning and epic sci-fi film that is sure to please fans of the genre. The film is based on the classic novel of the same name by Frank Herbert, and it tells the story of Paul Atreides, a young man who is destined to become the leader of the Fremen, a desert people who have adapted to life on the harsh planet of Arrakis.\n\nThe film's plot is complex and well-developed, and the characters are well-acted and believable. Timoth\u00e9e Chalamet gives a particularly strong performance as Paul, and he is ably supported by a talented cast that includes Rebecca Ferguson, Oscar Isaac, Josh Brolin, Zendaya, and Jason Momoa.\n\nThe film's special effects are simply stunning. The sandworms of Arrakis are particularly impressive, and the film's desert scenes are incredibly realistic. The film's score by Hans Zimmer is also excellent, and it helps to create a truly immersive experience.\n\nOverall, Dune is a must-see for fans of sci-fi and epic films. It is a visually stunning and well-crafted film that is sure to please audiences.\n\nHere are some specific examples of the film's special effects:\n\n* The sandworms of Arrakis are incredibly realistic. They are massive creatures that can swallow entire buildings, and they are a terrifying sight to behold.\n* The desert scenes of Arrakis are incredibly realistic. The film's director, Denis Villeneuve, went to great lengths to capture the harsh beauty of the desert, and the results are stunning.\n* The film's score by Hans Zimmer is excellent. It helps to create a truly immersive experience and helps to set the tone for the film's epic scope.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "7WWWS5UhWcVzkhTypqcFU4", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 79, "text": "Sure, here is a possible podcast script for an episode discussing the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry:\n\n**Intro:**\n\nHello and welcome to the podcast! In today's episode, we're going to be discussing the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry. Streaming platforms have become increasingly popular in recent years, and they've had a major impact on how people listen to music. In this episode, we'll discuss the pros and cons of streaming platforms, and how they're changing the music industry.\n\n**Body:**\n\nOne of the biggest benefits of streaming platforms is that they give people access to a wide variety of music. In the past, people were limited to the music that was available in their local stores or on the radio. But with streaming platforms, people can listen to anything they want, whenever they want. This has led to a more diverse and eclectic music scene, as people are exposed to new artists and genres that they might not have heard otherwise.\n\nAnother benefit of streaming platforms is that they're very convenient. You can listen to music on your phone, your computer, or your TV. You don't have to worry about carrying around CDs or MP3 players, and you can easily create playlists of your favorite songs. This convenience has made streaming platforms very popular with people of all ages.\n\nHowever, there are also some drawbacks to streaming platforms. One of the biggest problems is that they don't pay artists very much money. When you listen to a song on a streaming platform, the artist only gets a fraction of a penny. This makes it difficult for artists to make a living from their music, and it's one of the reasons why many artists are unhappy with streaming platforms.\n\nAnother problem with streaming platforms is that they can be addictive. It's easy to spend hours scrolling through your favorite songs, and this can lead to problems like sleep deprivation and anxiety. If you find yourself spending too much time on streaming platforms, it's important to take a step back and find other ways to relax and de-stress.\n\n**Conclusion:**\n\nOverall, streaming platforms have had a major impact on the music industry. They've made it easier for people to listen to music, but they've also made it more difficult for artists to make a living. It's important to be aware of the pros and cons of streaming platforms, so that you can make informed decisions about how you use them.\n\n**Outro:**\n\nThanks for listening to this episode of the podcast! We hope you found it informative and helpful. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to leave them below. We'll see you next time!", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "QcSFqbgqLWqn96V6BvWT7B", "model_id": "bard:20230327", "question_id": 80, "text": "The Boston Symphony Orchestra gave a stunning performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125, \"Choral,\" on Saturday night at Symphony Hall. The orchestra was in top form, and the performance was a thrilling and moving experience for the audience.\n\nThe BSO opened the concert with a lively performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67. The orchestra played with great energy and precision, and the performance was a perfect way to set the stage for the evening's main event.\n\nAfter intermission, the BSO launched into a powerful and moving performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9. The orchestra played with great passion and conviction, and the performance was a truly transcendent experience. The audience was on its feet at the end of the performance, cheering and applauding for minutes on end.\n\nThe BSO's performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 was a truly memorable experience. The orchestra played with great skill and artistry, and the performance was a thrilling and moving experience for the audience. If you have the opportunity to see the BSO in concert, I highly recommend it.\n\nThe overall audience experience was excellent. The hall was packed with people, and the atmosphere was electric. The audience was clearly excited to be there, and they responded enthusiastically to the orchestra's performance. The concert was a great example of the power of music to bring people together and create a shared experience.", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/answer/answer_gpt35.jsonl ================================================ {"answer_id": "BZGowHM7L3RvtWRktKZjLT", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 1, "text": "Here are some tips to improve your time management skills:\n\n1. Create a schedule: Make a to-do list for the day, week or month and prioritize tasks by importance and deadline.\n\n2. Set realistic goals: Be realistic about what you can accomplish in a given amount of time. Set goals that can be achieved but are also challenging.\n\n3. Minimize distractions: Minimize distractions such as emails, phone calls, and social media notifications. Turn off notifications or use apps that block these distractions.\n\n4. Take breaks: Taking a break can help you recharge and increase productivity. Take a break every hour or so to stretch, go for a walk, or listen to some music.\n\n5. Learn to say 'no': Learn to say 'no' to tasks and requests that are not a priority or are not within your capabilities.\n\n6. Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others who are capable of completing them. This will help to reduce your workload.\n\n7. Prioritize self-care: Make sure to take care of yourself by prioritizing self-care activities such as exercise, meditation or spending time with friends and family.\n\nRemember, time management is a skill that takes time and practice to develop.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "GsrPLfiNEcRDYAC5aUoY23", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 2, "text": "Here are some effective ways to deal with stress:\n\n1. Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help reduce stress and improve mood.\n\n2. Practice relaxation techniques: Deep breathing, meditation, and yoga are some effective ways to relax and reduce stress levels.\n\n3. Get enough sleep: Lack of sleep can increase stress levels. Try to get at least 7-8 hours of sleep each night.\n\n4. Eat a healthy diet: A well-balanced diet can help reduce stress levels and improve overall health.\n\n5. Connect with others: Spending time with friends and family, joining a support group, or participating in social activities can help reduce stress levels and improve mood.\n\n6. Time management: Prioritizing tasks and creating a schedule can help reduce stress and increase productivity.\n\n7. Seek professional help: If stress is impacting your daily life, consider seeking professional help such as therapy or counseling.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "5SGfexmPoJTWoVbPMB87KB", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 3, "text": "Python and JavaScript are both popular programming languages, but they differ in a number of ways:\n\n1. Programming paradigm: Python is primarily an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, while JavaScript is a multi-paradigm language that supports both functional and OOP styles.\n\n2. Syntax: Python uses indentation (whitespace) to indicate the structure of the code, while JavaScript uses curly braces.\n\n3. Typing: Python is a dynamically typed language, which means that the type of a variable is determined at runtime, while JavaScript is both dynamically and weakly typed, meaning that variable types can change at runtime and type errors may not be caught immediately.\n\n4. Application areas: Python is often used for scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning, while JavaScript is most commonly used for web development and client-side scripting.\n\nOverall, both Python and JavaScript have their own strengths and weaknesses, and which language to use largely depends on the specific requirements of the project.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "RcqQg364kgCkYPshqvmGSp", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 4, "text": "Here are some tips that can help you increase your productivity while working from home:\n\n1. Create a dedicated workspace: Pick a place where you can work undisturbed and create an environment that resembles your office.\n\n2. Set a schedule: Establish a specific working schedule and stick to it as much as possible.\n\n3. Take breaks: Take short breaks throughout the day to recharge and refocus your energy.\n\n4. Eliminate distractions: Turn off your phone notifications and avoid any unnecessary distractions.\n\n5. Make a to-do list: Prioritize your tasks in order of importance and create a to-do list.\n\n6. Get dressed: Dressing as you would for work helps put you in the right mindset for productivity.\n\n7. Challenge yourself: Set small and achievable goals and push yourself to complete them.\n\n8. Stay positive: Maintain a positive attitude towards your work, and try to avoid negativity.\n\nWith these tips, you can stay productive and enjoy the benefits of working from home.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "3R9jAndzLHQqJwmMi5mNox", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 5, "text": "Certainly! Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information. \n\nIn classical computing, a bit can exist in one of two states - 0 or 1. In quantum computing, a qubit can exist in a superposition of states, which means it can exist in a combination of 0 and 1 at the same time. This ability to exist in multiple states simultaneously allows for the processing of large amounts of information simultaneously and can significantly speed up certain types of computations.\n\nQuantum computers use a series of quantum gates - which are similar to the logic gates used in classical computers - to manipulate the state of the qubits, allowing for the computations to be completed. There are several different technologies used to build quantum computers, including superconducting quantum processors, trapped-ion quantum processors, and photonic quantum processors.\n\nOne of the most important applications of quantum computing is in solving problems that are intractable for classical computers. For example, quantum computers can be used to factor large numbers, which is the basis for many encryption protocols - leading to exciting possibilities in code-breaking, cryptography, and cybersecurity in the future.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Uw8SaYLPMGR5sdV9FDx8pb", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 6, "text": "Plant-based protein sources are derived from plants, including legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. They tend to be lower in saturated fat, higher in fiber and several micronutrients, and have less of an impact on the environment when compared to animal-based protein sources.\n\nAnimal-based protein sources are derived from animals, including meat, dairy, and eggs. They tend to be higher in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems when consumed in excess. They are also associated with a higher environmental impact.\n\nHowever, animal-based protein sources tend to be more readily absorbed and complete (containing all essential amino acids), making them a good choice for those with higher protein needs, such as athletes or individuals who have difficulty meeting their protein requirements through plant-based sources alone.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "53gmokt2KBgKu6NMPopxcu", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 7, "text": "Sure, here are a few practical tips to develop critical thinking skills:\n\n1. Ask questions: Don't simply accept information at face value. Ask questions that allow you to evaluate the reason, perspective and logic behind the information.\n\n2. Analyze: Take the time to analyze and evaluate the information that you receive. This will help you to identify assumptions, biases, strengths and weaknesses of an argument.\n\n3. Consider different perspectives: When analyzing information, try to consider different perspectives to gain a wider understanding of any topic.\n\n4. Research and read extensively: Read a wide range of sources to get a better understanding of different viewpoints and opinions.\n\n5. Practice logic and reasoning: Practice thinking through problems logically by breaking them down into smaller parts.\n\n6. Establish a point of view: Consider developing an opinion or thesis statement, and then collect evidence to support that position.\n\n7. Reflect on your own thinking: Consider how you arrived at a conclusion, and whether you have any biases or assumptions that may have influenced your thinking.\n\nWith time, and practicing these skills consistently, you can become a better critical thinker.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "bKrbrGsN7zjKLvBk2h3tvo", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 8, "text": "There are several major challenges faced by the education sector today, including:\n\n1. Access to Education: Many children, particularly those in developing countries, do not have access to quality education.\n\n2. Funding: Education is expensive, and many governments struggle to find the necessary funding to provide quality education to all students.\n\n3. Teacher Shortages: Many countries face a shortage of qualified teachers, which can negatively impact the quality of education.\n\n4. Technological Integration: Many schools struggle to effectively integrate technology into their classrooms, which can limit student learning and engagement.\n\n5. Student Engagement and Motivation: Getting students to engage with their learning and stay motivated can be a significant challenge for educators.\n\n6. Student Diversity: Students come from diverse backgrounds and have different learning styles, making it difficult for educators to provide a one-size-fits-all approach to teaching.\n\n7. Assessment and Evaluation: Measuring student learning and progress can be a challenge, particularly in non-standardized environments where students are assessed based on different criteria.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "HEGL3aPUnNrdNtNt3XLDKi", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 9, "text": "There are several primary factors that influence consumer behavior, including:\n\n1. Personal factors - These include individual characteristics such as age, gender, income, education, personality, and lifestyle.\n\n2. Psychological factors - These include the consumer's perception of the product or service, motives, attitudes, beliefs, and values.\n\n3. Social factors - These include the consumer's family, friends, social class, culture, and reference groups.\n\n4. Situational factors - These include the physical environment, time, and mood of the consumer.\n\n5. Marketing mix factors - These include product, price, promotion, and distribution, and how they affect the consumer's decision-making process.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "W9zpMVa2cJUJW8B2uGMCJy", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 10, "text": "Here are some effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace:\n\n1. Listen actively: Allow both parties to express their perspective without interrupting or judging them.\n\n2. Find common ground: Look for areas of agreement and shared goals between the parties.\n\n3. Identify the root cause: Determine the underlying issue that led to the conflict.\n\n4. Brainstorm solutions: Collaborate with both parties to come up with a solution that addresses their needs and interests.\n\n5. Communicate clearly: Make sure that everyone involved understands the resolution and the steps needed to move forward.\n\n6. Follow up: Check in with both parties to determine if the resolution worked and if any adjustments need to be made.\n\n7. Seek outside help if necessary: If the conflict is too complex, it may be necessary to involve a mediator or other neutral third party to facilitate the resolution process.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "LacdmoweqKYGzt3aMBYjEa", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 11, "text": "Using a single-use plastic bottle has negative implications on both the environment and human health. Here are some of the potential consequences:\n\n1. Environmental Implications: Single-use plastic bottles contribute to plastic pollution in the environment. These bottles take thousands of years to decompose, and they pose a severe threat to wildlife, especially marine life. They often end up in oceans, rivers, and other water bodies, where they harm marine animals by entangling them or being ingested. It also contributes to the depletion of natural resources, as these bottles are typically made from non-renewable fossil fuels.\n\n2. Human Health Implications: There are potential health implications for both consumers and workers involved in the production and disposal of single-use plastic bottles. The production of these bottles releases toxic chemicals that can harm the environment and the workers involved. Ingesting plastic particles can also affect human health, resulting in hormonal imbalances and other negative health impacts.\n\nIn contrast, using a reusable bottle has several positive implications:\n\n1. Environmental Benefits: Reusable bottles can reduce plastic waste and help conserve natural resources. They reduce the number of disposable bottles that end up in landfills and oceans, helping reduce plastic pollution.\n\n2. Health Benefits: Using a reusable bottle helps to reduce the exposure to harmful chemicals associated with plastic production, as well as reducing the potential health impact of ingesting plastic particles.\n\nOverall, using a reusable bottle is better for the environment, wildlife, and human health. It is a more sustainable and responsible choice that supports efforts to conserve natural resources and reduce plastic waste.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "JqVreebbPuNdjw8E8K4Ssf", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 12, "text": "There are several factors that should be considered when designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system, including:\n\n1. Physical accessibility: ensuring that transportation infrastructure, such as bus stops or train stations, are physically accessible to people with disabilities or mobility impairments, with features such as ramps, elevators, and tactile paving.\n\n2. Signage and wayfinding: providing clear, visible and easy-to-read signs, maps, and audio announcements that help passengers navigate the system and find their way around.\n\n3. Sensory inclusivity: designing the system with the needs of passengers who have sensory sensitivities or disabilities in mind, such as minimizing noise levels from trains or buses and providing calming spaces.\n\n4. Universal Design: adopting universal design principles and practices, making sure that the system is designed to be user-friendly for all, regardless of ability or disability.\n\n5. Employee training and awareness: ensuring that staff, including drivers, are properly trained and have the necessary knowledge to assist passengers with disabilities or other accessibility needs.\n\nOther factors to consider may include affordability, availability, reliability, and safety in order to provide a comprehensive and inclusive transportation system for all.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hEMThhsN85Ud5X8xBv9BZJ", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 13, "text": "Governments typically use a combination of fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions.\n\n1. Fiscal policies: \n\nFiscal policies refer to the government's decisions related to taxes and government spending. In a recession, governments can use fiscal policies to boost economic activity by:\n\n- Increasing government spending: Governments can increase spending on infrastructure projects, social welfare programs, and other public projects to create jobs and stimulate economic activity.\n\n- Cutting taxes: Reducing taxes, particularly for low- and middle-income households, can boost consumer spending and encourage businesses to invest and create new jobs.\n\n- Providing subsidies: Governments can provide subsidies to businesses and industries in order to encourage investment and growth. \n\n2. Monetary policies: \n\nMonetary policies refer to the management of the money supply and interest rates. In a recession, governments can use monetary policies to stimulate economic activity by:\n\n- Lowering interest rates: Lower interest rates can make borrowing cheaper and businesses may be more likely to invest in new projects and hire workers.\n\n- Quantitative easing: Central banks can engage in quantitative easing by purchasing government bonds or other assets, which can increase the money supply and stimulate economic activity.\n\nOverall, the goal of both fiscal and monetary policies is to inject demand into the economy and get people and businesses spending and investing again in order to help lift the economy out of recession.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "BvFV7sx53PAK5bNn89urFs", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 14, "text": "Language and cultural barriers can have a significant impact on communication and relationships in multicultural societies. \n\nIn terms of language barriers, individuals who do not share a common language may find it difficult to communicate effectively. This can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunications, and frustrations in trying to convey their thoughts and feelings. Language barriers can also make it challenging to establish trust and build strong relationships, as people may feel hesitant to share personal information or express their opinions if they are unable to do so fluently in a shared language.\n\nCultural barriers can also play a role in shaping communication and relationships. People from different cultural backgrounds may have different beliefs, values, and norms around topics such as social interaction, personal space, and nonverbal communication, among others. These cultural differences can create confusion or misunderstandings that can impact communication and relationships.\n\nHowever, it's important to note that language and cultural barriers do not need to be insurmountable obstacles. Through efforts such as language classes, cultural exchange programs, and sensitivity training, individuals can learn to navigate these differences and build stronger relationships across cultures.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "dM5GHbLuPNfzUbBnJz6w7K", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 15, "text": "Sure, here is one possible scenario:\n\nImagine a hospital that uses AI-powered chatbots to assist patients with their medical inquiries quickly and accurately. When patients arrive at the hospital for appointments, they could interact with the chatbot on their smartphones or on a tablet provided in the waiting area.\n\nThe chatbot could ask patients a series of questions to understand their symptoms or medical condition. It could then provide basic medical advice, schedule a doctor's appointment, order lab tests or prescription refills, or refer patients to specialists as required.\n\nBy using AI, the hospital could improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery in several ways. The chatbot could triage patients based on their symptoms and urgency, reducing the burden on doctors and nurses to answer basic inquiries. This would free up medical staff to focus on more complex cases, leading to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction.\n\nMoreover, by automating routine tasks such as scheduling appointments, ordering lab tests or refilling prescriptions, hospitals could improve their operational efficiency and reduce costs. This would lead to better resource allocation, less waiting time for patients, and ultimately a more satisfied patient population.\n\nOverall, by leveraging AI for patient triage and routine tasks, care providers could offer more targeted and personalized care, while reducing the burden on medical staff and improving the efficiency of healthcare delivery.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "BX7maaP5kGY6bBTLJRwkit", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 16, "text": "Gene editing is a process of changing the DNA of an organism in order to alter its traits. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering. In this technique, the Cas9 enzyme is guided by a molecule called guide RNA (gRNA), which is programmed to recognize and cut specific sequences of DNA. This cut then triggers the cell\u2019s natural DNA repair mechanism, leading to the addition, deletion, or replacement of specific DNA sequences.\n\nCRISPR-Cas9 has a wide range of potential applications, including the ability to cure genetic diseases, develop new treatments for cancer, and create new crop varieties with improved yield and resistance to pests and disease. It can also be used to enhance human traits, such as intelligence or physical performance, which raises ethical concerns about the potential for eugenics.\n\nOne of the main ethical concerns associated with CRISPR-Cas9 is the risk of unintended consequences. Gene editing can have unforeseeable impacts on the environment and future generations, which could lead to potentially harmful and irreversible effects. There are also concerns about the potential misuse of gene editing technology for unethical purposes, such as creating designer babies or enhancing traits for non-therapeutic purposes.\n\nAnother ethical consideration is the issue of access and equity. CRISPR-Cas9 is an expensive technology, and its use could widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, with potentially devastating consequences for global health and social justice.\n\nIn conclusion, while the potential benefits of CRISPR-Cas9 are immense, its ethical implications are complex and multifaceted. Careful consideration and regulation of its use will be required to maximize its benefits, while minimizing its potential risks and harms.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "STuX8oc7Gu3SN6EWzwpUpp", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 17, "text": "Vaccinations work by introducing a weakened or deactivated form of a virus or bacteria into the body, which triggers the immune system to create a defense against it. This defense, in the form of antibodies, allows the immune system to recognize and destroy the actual virus or bacteria if a person is exposed to it later on. By receiving the vaccine, individuals become immune to the disease without having to experience its symptoms.\n\nWhen a large percentage of a population is vaccinated against a particular disease, it becomes difficult for the disease to spread because there are fewer people who can catch and transmit it. This concept is called herd immunity. Herd immunity protects individuals who cannot receive vaccines, such as those with weakened immune systems, and those for whom vaccines are not effective. It also helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the community at large, making outbreaks less likely to occur.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "TFUUXWS7yn2u2b4n7eM3ZB", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 18, "text": "Social media platforms play a significant role in the way people consume and share news. They have revolutionized the distribution of news by providing instant access to real-time happenings around the world. Social media platforms promote the democratization of information, providing a platform where everyone can share their opinions, thoughts, and ideas.\n\nHowever, the downside to social media platforms is the implications they create for the spread of misinformation. Since everyone can share information, it is often challenging to verify the accuracy and relevance of the information presented online. It's also difficult for readers to identify credible sources of information and, thus, the authenticity of the news.\n\nThe spread of misinformation has grave implications for society, as it can significantly impact public opinion, harm reputations, and even incite violence. As a result, social media platforms have a responsibility to control the spread of false information and misinformation.\n\nConclusion\n\nIn conclusion, social media platforms play a critical role in the distribution of news. While the democratization of information is a fantastic feat, the spread of misinformation is an on-going challenge, inhibiting the accurate distribution of news. Social media platforms must take accountability and act to address the issue of misinformation by creating control mechanisms to contain the problem.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "3yRq2XXPi83H7Rr5SZS9rE", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 19, "text": "Cultural, social, and economic factors are among the most important factors that influence people's food choices. Cultural factors refer to the customs, beliefs, and traditions that people have when it comes to the foods they eat. Social factors include peer pressure, advertising, and media. Economic factors include cost, availability, and accessibility.\n\nFor example, some cultures emphasize the consumption of large amounts of meat and animal products as a sign of wealth and prosperity. In such circumstances, it can be challenging to promote healthier diets that focus on plant-based sources of protein.\n\nSimilarly, social factors like advertising can influence people's food choices by promoting unhealthy food options that are high in sugar, salt, and fat. These foods tend to be cheap and readily available, making them an attractive option for people who are cost-conscious.\n\nFinally, economic factors affect food choices by limiting access to healthy foods in certain areas or pricing them out of reach for many people.\n\nTo promote healthier diets, it is crucial to understand these cultural, social, and economic factors and address them through education, policy changes, and community-based interventions. For example, raising awareness of the benefits of a plant-based diet, imposing taxes on unhealthy foods, and increasing funding for community gardens and farmers' markets can help encourage healthier food choices. Additionally, working with local businesses and restaurants to provide healthier, affordable meal options can also have a significant impact on improving population health.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Sw34dAwQPCfGGotwRwhvtv", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 20, "text": "Sure, here\u2019s an explanation:\n\nNatural selection is the process through which certain traits or characteristics become more common in a population over time, because individuals with those traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This process contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species.\n\nHere\u2019s how it works: Within a population, there is genetic variation \u2013 some individuals will have different traits, such as size, color, or behavior. In environments with limited resources or where there are predators, individuals with certain advantageous traits are better suited to survive, find resources, and avoid danger. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring. Over time, this process results in the spread and eventual dominance of those advantageous traits in the population. This is the essence of natural selection.\n\nAs a result, natural selection is an important driver of evolution and adaptation of species to their environments. Through natural selection, advantageous traits become more common and disadvantageous ones become less common, leading to the emergence of new species or the modification of existing ones.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "cZw4Jw8Zyz6ZUy4WDsC6ta", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 21, "text": "Greetings, noble lords and ladies. I am Sir [Name], a humble knight in service to this great kingdom. It is an honor to be in the presence of such esteemed company, and I am grateful for the opportunity to share in this feast with all of you. I have served my lord with valor and courage, and I pledge to continue to defend and protect this land with my life and sword. May our cups overflow and our merriment be endless on this joyous occasion.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "nj9y2HTWFGsD5B278ozm73", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 22, "text": "Ahoy, my fellow pirates! As we set sail in search of treasure, let us remember the thrill of adventure and the rewards that await us. There are riches beyond our wildest dreams waiting to be discovered, and we are the brave souls who will claim them. Each of us has a role to play in this mission, whether it be navigating, scouting, or fighting. Together, we will overcome any obstacle in our path and emerge victorious, with treasure beyond measure. So, let us hoist the sails and set course for glory!", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Ep9rLcNzEGhG7AgbLTpRtm", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 23, "text": "Oh, my dearest love, my heart doth beat\n\nWith every step thou tak'st, my soul doth meet\n\nA sudden warmth, a new and fiery thrust\n\nThat fills my being with an ardent lust.\n\nThou art the sun that lights my every day\n\nThe moon that guides me on my nightly way\n\nThou art the very air that I do breathe\n\nThou art the one for whom my heart doth cleave.\n\nSo hear me now, ye gods above\n\nAnd witness to this heartening love\n\nThat I do feel, with all my heart\n\nFor her, my love, the fairest art.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "oNULT72cYUvit7D9SHb5aM", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 24, "text": "Well, little one, my origin story begins with an ordinary person like you or me. One day, something extraordinary happened that changed my life forever. For me, it was an accident that infused me with amazing powers.\n\nAt first, I wasn't sure what to do with my new abilities, but I knew I wanted to use them to help people. So, I put on a costume and became a superhero. Every day, I use my powers to fight crime, protect the innocent, and make the world a better place.\n\nBut the most important thing to remember is that anyone can be a hero, even if they don't have powers. All you need is the courage to do what's right and help those in need.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "TX86xjPKTk2UxWwV4e8zRK", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 25, "text": "As a time traveler from the year 3000, I would tell people about the following technological advancements:\n\n1. Advanced Artificial Intelligence: In the future, AI is so advanced that it can completely automate many jobs that humans currently do. This has resulted in increased productivity and efficiency across many industries.\n\n2. Quantum Computing: Quantum computers are used extensively in the future and have led to huge advancements in fields like physics, chemistry, and cryptography.\n\n3. Space Travel: With new propulsion systems and faster-than-light travel, space travel is much faster and more accessible to the general public. We have even established a permanent settlement on Mars, and plans are underway for further exploration and colonization of the galaxy.\n\n4. Renewable Energy: Energy production has shifted primarily to renewable sources like solar and wind, with new breakthroughs in energy storage and distribution making it easier to power societies without relying on fossil fuels.\n\n5. Medical Advancements: With gene editing and advanced prosthetics, people are able to live much longer and healthier lives. Diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's have been largely eradicated, and there are even experimental treatments that can reverse the aging process.\n\nThese technological advancements have transformed society in countless ways, and I believe they will continue to shape the course of human history for years to come.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "e5YFb6PojDThkcZdSH8kpC", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 26, "text": "It's the final moments of the championship game and the score is tied. The tension in the arena is palpable as both teams desperately try to secure the victory.\n\nWith just seconds left on the clock, the ball is in the hands of the star player. He looks up and sees an opening in the defense.\n\nHe makes a quick cut to the right and drives towards the basket. The defense tries to keep up, but he's too quick. \n\nAs he jumps into the air, he releases the ball with perfect form. It floats through the air, seemingly in slow motion, before finding its way into the basket.\n\nThe crowd erupts in cheers as the buzzer sounds, signaling the end of the game. The team rushes onto the court, hugging and high-fiving each other in celebration of their victory.\n\nThe winning shot will go down in history as one of the greatest moments in sports, and the championship trophy will be proudly displayed in their locker room for years to come.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NnkbyoNFRHay4toKTFfaeE", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 27, "text": "Welcome, esteemed judges. I'm excited to present my signature dish, which has been inspired by my travels and memories from my childhood. This dish is a fusion of flavors and ingredients that create a unique and unforgettable experience for your taste buds.\n\nMy dish starts with a perfectly seared and succulent piece of protein - tender Wagyu beef, which has been marinated with a special blend of spices, and cooked to medium-rare perfection. The beef is then served on a bed of exotic mushrooms, braised in a rich red wine sauce, with hints of tangy tomato and sweet caramelized onions.\n\nBut that's not all - to balance out the richness of the beef and the savory flavors of the sauce, I've added a bright and zesty salad, which features Japanese seaweed, picked sesame seeds, and a delicate yuzu dressing. And finally, to bring it all together, a dash of my secret spice blend, which ties all the flavors together.\n\nThis dish is like a journey that takes you from the earthy flavors of the beef and mushrooms to the vibrant freshness of the salad, and leaves you with a satisfying warmth and lingering sweetness from the savory wine sauce. Judges, I hope you enjoy my signature dish as much as I enjoyed creating it!", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Gpb8MuNU3Pt7k93dpRN9WM", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 28, "text": "I'm sorry, but as an AI language model, I am not capable of reaching the summit of a mountain, experiencing emotions or seeing the view from the top. However, I can provide details about the summit of Mount Everest based on information available to me. \n\nStanding at the summit of Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world at an elevation of 29,029 feet, would be an incredible feat for any climber. The ascent to the top of this majestic mountain is challenging, dangerous and requires physical and mental preparation. The weather on the summit is unpredictable, and the oxygen is thin, making it difficult to breathe. But with that being said, the view from the summit is said to be breathtaking, with a panoramic view of the Himalayas and the surrounding landscape that stretches out for miles below. The sense of accomplishment and pride in achieving such a difficult climb would undoubtedly be an emotional experience for any mountain climber.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "SYvkCCHBUZPd9DQuidZM8K", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 29, "text": "As a space colonist on Mars, my daily life would be vastly different from life on Earth. Some of the main challenges I would face living on another planet are:\n\n1. Limited Resources: One of the primary challenges of living on Mars would be the scarcity of resources such as food, water, and oxygen. As a Mars colonist, I would have to rely on recycling and sustainable practices to make the most of the resources available.\n\n2. Communication Delays: As Mars is quite far from Earth, communication delays between the two planets would be significant. This would make real-time communication difficult, and we would have to rely on automated systems or pre-planned communication schedules.\n\n3. Extreme Environment: The Martian environment is harsh and hostile, with high levels of radiation, extreme temperature fluctuations, and violent dust storms. Living in such an environment would require advanced protective gear and equipment, as well as being always prepared to handle emergency situations.\n\n4. Monotony: Mars would not have the diverse range of plant and animal life we have on Earth. The monotony of the daily routine, the lack of variety in the environment, and the isolation could lead to increased stress levels and mental health issues.\n\nDespite the many challenges, living on Mars could also be exhilarating and full of opportunities to explore and study a new world. My daily life would include conducting scientific experiments, studying the Martian landscape, maintaining the habitats and equipment, and possibly even going on spacewalks or exploring the planet's surface. We would have to work together as a close-knit team to ensure our survival, and our work would contribute to a better understanding of our universe and our place in it.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NjdsG8tYfrHMT5zGZPavk6", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 30, "text": "I am a survivor in a post-apocalyptic world, where resources are limited and danger lurks around every corner. To survive, I rely on my cunning, resourcefulness, and connections.\n\nMy first ally was a fellow survivor named Jake. We met fortuitously when we both stumbled upon the same abandoned warehouse, both seeking shelter for the night. After a long and tense standoff, we decided to share the space and split the resources we had scrounged up. We quickly became friends, relying on each other for survival and companionship.\n\nAs we made our way through the wasteland, we met other survivors, some friendly and some not. I learned that trust was a luxury I couldn't afford, and that my instincts would have to guide me in all my interactions.\n\nOne of our most valuable allies was a woman named Eva, who had managed to survive on her own for years. She taught us how to scavenge for food, how to make weapons out of scraps, and how to avoid danger on the road.\n\nThough our group often faced challenges and setbacks, we persisted, relying on each other for survival in a world where simple existence was a triumph. And as we journeyed together, we learned that the bonds forged in such extreme circumstances were unbreakable, and that together we had a fighting chance.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "8eovAhyvrKJEMWiVdYzByH", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 31, "text": "There are a few ways to determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists:\n\n1. Look for reviews online from local residents. If a restaurant has a high number of reviews from locals and they are generally positive, it's a good indication that it's popular among residents.\n\n2. Observe the clientele while visiting the restaurant. If you notice a lot of tourists, especially those who are carrying guidebooks and taking photos of the food, it's likely that the restaurant is more of a tourist destination.\n\n3. Talk to the staff if possible. They may be able to give you some insight into the restaurant's clientele and whether they tend to be more locals or tourists.\n\nKnowing whether a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists can be useful for a few reasons. If you are a tourist, you may be looking for a more authentic local experience and want to avoid restaurants that are primarily geared towards tourists. On the other hand, if you are a local resident, you may be interested in trying out new restaurants that are popular among your peers. Additionally, if you are a business owner looking to open a restaurant, this information can be helpful in determining the restaurant's target market and marketing strategy.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "nvyaGEveLWBaxgXzriB93d", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 32, "text": "Here are some subtle clues you can look for to identify when someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation:\n\n1. They use vague language or buzzwords to mask their lack of knowledge.\n2. They repeat what others have said without adding anything new or asking any questions.\n3. They nod their head or make other nonverbal cues to suggest they are following along, but don\u2019t actively participate.\n4. They avoid eye contact or become defensive when asked to expand on their thoughts or clarify their understanding.\n5. They don\u2019t ask any questions or seek clarification when they don\u2019t understand something.\n6. They use filler phrases such as \u201cyeah\u201d or \u201cokay\u201d in response to questions or statements without contributing anything of value.\n7. They change the subject abruptly or avoid engaging in the conversation altogether.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "3xU2t6Yvx9EWpqfqvinNfH", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 33, "text": "There are a few reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app. These reasons include:\n\n1. GPS devices and smartphone apps require a source of power, and therefore, can run out of battery. Paper maps, on the other hand, do not require any power and can be used at any time.\n\n2. Sometimes, GPS devices or smartphone apps can provide incorrect information or lose signal. In these cases, paper maps or directions from locals might be more reliable.\n\n3. Reading a paper map can help you get a better sense of the geography and the layout of the area you are traveling through. This can help you identify landmarks or other important features that may not be visible on a digital map.\n\n4. Some people prefer the tactile experience of using a paper map and finding their way through an area using their own navigation skills.\n\n5. Finally, trusting your own sense of direction and intuition can be a rewarding experience, and can help you build a better understanding of the area you are traveling through.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Mq6hzNziUxzQ2juPMDrv3h", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 34, "text": "There are several ways to determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite:\n\n1. Body language - If the person is genuinely interested in the conversation, they will usually lean in slightly, make eye contact, and use open and relaxed body language.\n\n2. Active listening - If the person is actively listening to what you're saying, asking questions and responding with their own thoughts, then they are probably genuinely interested in the conversation.\n\n3. Follow-up - If the person follows up with you after the conversation or remembers details from your conversation in future interactions, then they were likely genuinely interested.\n\n4. Timing - If the person is in a rush to end the conversation or seems distracted, they may be polite and trying to end the conversation quickly.\n\nOverall, it's important to pay attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues to determine if someone is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "KU6BNNN8d6MLHyrA8nV4DB", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 35, "text": "There are several reasons why someone may prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher:\n\n1. Personalized service: Local businesses often offer personalized service because they know their customers by name and can offer individualized recommendations and support.\n\n2. Supporting the local economy: Shopping at locally-owned businesses helps to keep money in the local economy and supports job creation in the community.\n\n3. Unique products: Independent businesses often offer unique, one-of-a-kind products that cannot be found at larger chain stores.\n\n4. Environmental impact: Small businesses tend to have a lower carbon footprint as they source their products and materials locally, reducing transportation and shipping emissions.\n\n5. Community investment: Local businesses are often more invested in their community and are more likely to donate to local charities and civic organizations, further supporting the local community.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "RpHbPLJamuknRRa3xU5bUF", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 36, "text": "As an AI language model, I can suggest that there are several factors to consider when assessing the credibility of a source of information:\n\n1. Check the date: Make sure the information is up-to-date and relevant to the topic you're researching.\n\n2. Identify the author: Look for information about the author\u2019s credentials, expertise, and affiliation. Conduct a quick search on the author to see if they have any biases, conflicts of interest, or a history of producing misleading or inaccurate content.\n\n3. Evaluate the source: Determine where the information is coming from. Check the domain name or URL extension to see if it\u2019s affiliated with a reputable organization or institution. Avoid sites with questionable or overly sensational headlines.\n\n4. Verify the information: Verify the information by fact-checking it using reputable sources like academic journals, government websites, or reliable news sources.\n\n5. Evaluate the tone: Evaluate the tone of the article or post. Is it objective, balanced, and free of inflammatory language? Be wary of articles that rely heavily on emotional language or use sensationalized claims to try to persuade you to take action.\n\nTaking a critical approach and triangulating information from multiple sources can help ensure that you have a reliable and accurate understanding of the subject matter.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "AFR3AJW4sSPLDLiAUvrL8s", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 37, "text": "There is no one definitive answer to this question, as individual preferences for fear-inducing experiences are rooted in a variety of factors, including personality traits, past experiences, and cultural backgrounds. Some people may enjoy the thrill of being scared because it provides an adrenaline rush and a feeling of excitement, while others may find it cathartic or empowering to confront their fears in a safe environment. On the other hand, some people may avoid scary experiences because they find them stressful or anxiety-provoking, or because they have had negative experiences with fear in the past. Ultimately, each person's response to fear-inducing stimuli is unique, and depends on a variety of psychological and physiological factors.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "esqiBYHa56ygcPU2ux2Pdx", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 38, "text": "Observing the behavior of other people in a social situation can provide clues about cultural norms and expectations in various ways. For example:\n\n1. Dress codes: Observing how people dress in a particular social situation can provide insight into what is considered appropriate or expected attire. For instance, if people are dressed conservatively, it may indicate that this is the norm for that culture.\n\n2. Social hierarchy: Observing how people interact with each other can provide clues about the social hierarchy or power dynamics within a culture. For instance, if people defer to older individuals or those in positions of authority, it may indicate that respect for elders and hierarchy are important cultural values.\n\n3. Communication styles: Observing how people communicate with each other can provide clues about their communication styles and what is considered appropriate behavior in that culture. For instance, if people speak softly and avoid eye contact, it may indicate that the culture values modesty and avoiding confrontation.\n\n4. Customs and traditions: Observing how people celebrate holidays or special occasions can provide insight into cultural customs and traditions. For instance, if people exchange gifts or participate in specific rituals, it may indicate that these are important cultural practices.\n\nOverall, by paying attention to social cues and observing the behavior of other people in cultural contexts, one can gain insight into the norms and expectations of that culture.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NmuuKUipqt62QKuEHCuBWh", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 39, "text": "This is a complex question that requires a thoughtful and nuanced answer. There are arguments to be made on both sides, and ultimately, it comes down to personal values and priorities.\n\nOn one hand, exploring space is a noble and inspiring goal that has the potential to expand our understanding of the universe and our place in it. It could also bring about new advancements in technology and inspire young people to pursue careers in science and engineering.\n\nOn the other hand, there are many urgent problems facing our planet that require immediate attention and resources, including climate change, poverty, inequality, and access to healthcare and education. Some argue that we should prioritize solving these issues before committing resources to space exploration.\n\nUltimately, it's up to individuals, governments, and societies to decide how to balance these competing priorities. It is possible to do both - to invest in space exploration while also addressing pressing problems on Earth.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "3HypDqXt6tHieMDN7hWYCh", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 40, "text": "It's important to strike a balance between job creation and technological progress. Technological progress can bring about many benefits such as increased efficiency, convenience, and innovation. However, it can also result in job displacement or in certain cases, re-skilling for employees. It's important for companies to recognize the impact of their technological advancements and to consider implementing measures to support their employees through the transition.\n\nOn the other hand, job creation is also important as it supports a healthy economy and ensures that individuals have the opportunity to support themselves and their families. Encouraging entrepreneurship, creating incentives for businesses, and investing in education and job training programs can all be effective methods for promoting job creation.\n\nOverall, the key is to recognize the importance of both job creation and technological progress and to strive for a balance that benefits both individuals and society as a whole.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "DmQtupeyNDrQFBccBRAsbD", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 41, "text": "The average human blinks approximately 15-20 times per minute. Let's assume that the average waking hour of a person is around 16 hours per day, which means that they blink around 15 x 16 = 240 times per day.\n\nIn one year, this would translate to 240 x 365 = 87,600 blinks per year.\n\nAssuming a lifespan of 75 years, the total number of blinks would be 87,600 x 75 = 6,570,000.\n\nSo, on average, a human blinks about 6.6 million times in their lifetime.\n\nIt's important to note that this is just an estimate based on the assumptions that were made, and not everyone's blinking frequency is the same. Factors such as age, health, and environment can affect how often someone blinks.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "froHv7kwRMYGWPXDQXk2Gw", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 42, "text": "A grain of salt is a very small amount of salt, so it is difficult to visualize how many atoms are in it. However, we can approximate the number of atoms in a grain of salt by using some scientific formulas and data.\n\nFirstly, we need to know the mass of a grain of salt. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the average weight of a single grain of salt is about 58.5 milligrams or 0.0585 grams.\n\nSecondly, we need to know the molar mass of salt. Salt is actually a compound made up of two elements, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), with the chemical formula NaCl. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 grams per mole, which means that one mole of salt contains 6.022 x 10^23 individual NaCl molecules.\n\nTo find out how many atoms are in a single grain of salt, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/molecules per mole.\n\nSo, if we take the mass of a single grain of salt (0.0585 grams) and divide it by the molar mass of NaCl (58.44 grams/mol), we can calculate the number of moles of salt in a grain:\n\n0.0585 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.000999 moles\n\nThen, if we multiply this by Avogadro's number, we get the number of molecules (or atoms) of NaCl in a single grain of salt:\n\n0.000999 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole = 6.008 x 10^20 molecules\n\nTherefore, there are approximately 6 x 10^20 atoms of salt in a single grain of salt.\n\nIt's important to note that this is an approximation, and the actual number of atoms in a grain of salt may vary slightly depending on the size of the grain and the purity of the salt. Nevertheless, this calculation gives us a general idea of the incredible number of atoms that make up even the smallest visible piece of matter.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "ahktv9NqxZ2cYquTXwF42r", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 43, "text": "According to research, it is estimated that there are approximately 8.6 million lightning strikes that occur on Earth each day. Here is how I reached this conclusion:\n\nFirst, it is important to understand what creates lightning. Lightning is produced in thunderstorms when the atmosphere becomes electrically charged. This is typically caused by the interaction between warm and cold air. When these two air masses meet and create instability in the atmosphere, it can cause lightning to occur.\n\nNext, it's worth noting that thunderstorms are quite common across the globe, with an estimated 16 million thunderstorms happening each year. This means that there is a significant potential for lightning strikes to occur during these storms.\n\nTo estimate the number of lightning strikes that occur each day, we can take the total number of yearly thunderstorms (16 million) and divide it by the number of days in a year (365). This calculation gives us an average of around 43,835 thunderstorms per day.\n\nNow, not all thunderstorms will produce lightning, but many of them do. Based on data collected from a study conducted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), about 45% of all thunderstorms produce lightning. So, if we multiply the number of thunderstorms per day (43,835) by the percentage that produce lightning (45%), we get approximately 19,726 thunderstorms with lightning each day.\n\nFinally, we need to estimate how many strikes occur within each thunderstorm. It is difficult to determine an exact number since some thunderstorms produce only a few strikes while others produce hundreds or even thousands. However, according to National Geographic, the average number of lightning strikes per thunderstorm is around 100. Multiplying this by the estimated number of thunderstorms per day that produce lightning (19,726) gives us approximately 1,972,600 lightning strikes per day.\n\nThat being said, it is important to note that some estimates put the number of daily lightning strikes anywhere from 6 million to 100 million. The exact number varies depending on the source and the methods used to calculate it. Nonetheless, it is clear that lightning strikes occur frequently and can be quite dangerous.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "kqqPRaFqb3w9Ky9LGB3yKU", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 44, "text": "To calculate the number of balloons needed to lift a house like in the movie \"Up,\" we need to consider the weight of the house and the lifting capacity of a single balloon.\n\nFirst, let us consider the weight of the house. In the movie, the house is depicted as a small wooden house with a chimney and a porch. Based on similar houses, we can estimate that the weight of the house would be around 4-5 tons (8,000-10,000 pounds).\n\nNow, let us consider the lifting capacity of a single balloon. A typical helium-filled party balloon can lift a maximum of approximately 14 grams (0.5 ounces) of weight. However, in the movie, the balloons were much larger and had a greater lifting capacity. Assuming a lifting capacity of 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) per balloon, we can calculate the number of balloons needed to lift the house.\n\nTo lift a 5-ton house, we would need 5,000 kilograms (11,000 pounds) of lifting capacity. Dividing this by the lifting capacity of a single balloon (1 kilogram), we get a total of 5,000 balloons needed to lift the house.\n\nHowever, this calculation does not take into account the weight of the balloon material, ropes, and other equipment needed to tether the balloons to the house. Additionally, the balloons would need to be organized and arranged in a specific way to lift the house evenly and prevent it from tipping over.\n\nTherefore, while 5,000 balloons may be needed in theory, it is unlikely that this number of balloons alone would be able to safely lift a house. The scenario depicted in the movie is purely fictional and should not be duplicated in real life.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "946tQg8kS7GYPSm4qcV6Pt", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 45, "text": "According to the latest statistics, more than 18.7 billion text messages are sent globally every day. This means that approximately 781 million text messages are sent every hour. To calculate how many text messages are sent in a minute, we need to divide these numbers by 60 (the number of minutes in an hour).\n\nSo, 781 million text messages divided by 60 minutes yields approximately 13,017,543 text messages sent globally in a minute. It's important to note that this number is an estimate and may vary depending on the time of day, day of the week, and other factors. Additionally, the rapid growth of instant messaging apps may be impacting the number of traditional text messages being sent globally.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "cU3wut3Ta3ySbRHGxfwgjc", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 46, "text": "Estimating the number of words spoken daily on Earth can be a daunting task, as it involves taking into account a wide range of factors such as population, language, age, location, and more. However, there are a few ways to approach this question that can give us a rough estimate. \n\nOne approach is to start by looking at the world population, which as of 2021 is approximately 7.9 billion people. Assuming that each person speaks on average 2,000 words a day (which is a reasonable estimate for adults who engage in regular conversation), we can begin to calculate the daily volume of words spoken on Earth. \n\nTo do this, we can use the following formula: \n\nTotal words spoken daily = (World population) x (Average daily words spoken per person) \n\nPlugging in the values, we get: \n\nTotal words spoken daily = (7.9 billion) x (2,000) \n\nTotal words spoken daily = 15.8 trillion \n\nSo according to this estimate, there are roughly 15.8 trillion words spoken on Earth each day. However, it's worth noting that this number may be significantly higher or lower depending on a variety of factors. For example, not everyone speaks the same number of words per day, and some people may not have access to language or communication tools.\n\nAdditionally, it's important to keep in mind that this estimate is just that - an estimate. There is no definitive answer to how many words are spoken daily on Earth, and the true number is likely impossible to determine with complete accuracy. Nonetheless, by taking a logical approach and making reasonable assumptions, we can arrive at a rough estimate that gives us a sense of the massive scale of human communication.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "hQP784Ch2yq2b3BaXVBVX3", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 47, "text": "It's difficult to determine the exact number of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter, as it depends on a variety of factors such as location, temperature, humidity, and duration of the winter season.\n\nFirstly, it's important to consider the size of snowflakes. Snowflakes come in different shapes and sizes, ranging from small crystals to larger, more intricate structures. Generally, the smaller the snowflake, the more there are in a given amount of precipitation.\n\nSecondly, it's also worth noting that snowfall is typically measured in inches, rather than the number of snowflakes. This is because the exact number of snowflakes that contribute to a certain amount of precipitation can vary depending on the size and shape of the snowflakes.\n\nWith these factors in mind, we can estimate the number of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter by looking at an average snowfall amount. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the average snowfall in the United States is around 28 inches per year.\n\nAssuming that each inch of snowfall contains anywhere from hundreds to thousands of individual snowflakes, we can estimate that there are millions (if not billions) of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter.\n\nOverall, while we can't pinpoint an exact number of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter, we can estimate that it is likely to be a very large number due to the variability in size and shape of snowflakes, as well as the amount of snowfall that typically occurs.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "a92bStUFdq4LBcv3pa9y3Z", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 48, "text": "Determining the total number of pages in all the books ever written would be an impossible task as it's practically impossible to know the exact number of books that have been written throughout human history. However, we can make an attempt to estimate the total number of pages based on some assumptions and facts.\n\nFirst, we need to estimate the total number of books ever written. According to Google's estimation in 2010, there were around 130 million books in the world at that time. However, this is just an educated guess, and the actual number of books is likely to be much higher.\n\nNext, we need to consider the average number of pages in a book. This can vary widely depending on the genre, audience, and author's writing style. Some books may have only a few pages, while others may have hundreds or even thousands of pages. However, according to Book Authority, the average number of pages in a book is around 320 pages.\n\nWith these assumptions, we can estimate the total number of pages in all the books ever written by multiplying the estimated number of books with the average number of pages. So, if we assume there were around 500 million books ever written and each book had 320 pages on average, then the total number of pages in all books ever written would be:\n\n500,000,000 x 320 = 160 billion pages\n\nHowever, it's important to recognize that this is just an estimation and the actual number is likely much higher or lower. Additionally, new books are being written and published every day, so this estimation would become outdated very quickly.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "a2QAcAm9wJeP2BpyWQnhot", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 49, "text": "The beginning of life on Earth is estimated to have occurred around 3.8 billion years ago. The question asks how many times the Earth has orbited the Sun since that time, so we need to calculate the number of orbits the Earth has completed over that time period. \n\nOne orbit of the Earth around the Sun takes approximately 365.25 days, or one year. To calculate how many orbits the Earth has completed over 3.8 billion years, we first need to convert this amount of time into years. \n\n3.8 billion years is equivalent to 3,800,000,000 years. We can use this number and the length of one Earth year to calculate the number of orbits:\n\n3,800,000,000 years / 1 year = 3,800,000,000 orbits\n\nSo, the Earth has completed approximately 3.8 billion orbits around the Sun since the beginning of life on Earth. \n\nIt's worth noting that this is a rough estimate, as the length of a year and the Earth's orbit have both changed slightly over time due to factors like gravitational interactions with other planets and the Moon. However, this answer provides a reasonable approximation of the number of orbits that have occurred over the scale of billions of years.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "CrmusnxbTtGXF2varfcUd4", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 50, "text": "It is impossible to determine the exact number of songs that have been recorded throughout history because new songs are being created on a daily basis, and many ancient songs have been lost over time. However, we can make some educated estimates based on available data.\n\nFirst, we must consider the length of human history. Humans have been creating music for tens of thousands of years, with the oldest known musical instrument, a bone flute, dating back to about 40,000 years ago. As such, it is safe to assume that countless songs have been created and lost over that vast length of time.\n\nNext, let's consider modern recording technology. The first sound recording was made in 1857, and since then, millions of songs have been recorded. In fact, the Library of Congress in the USA has more than 3 million sound recordings in its collection alone.\n\nHowever, even that number is likely to be a vast underestimate since it\u2019s impossible to account for music recordings that existed in cultures without a writing system, or those outside the major recording and distribution systems of the Western music industry.\n\nFinally, we must recognize that music is created in every culture around the world, and each culture has its unique musical traditions. As a result, it's impossible to estimate the number of songs created around the globe in different languages and styles.\n\nIn conclusion, although it's impossible to determine the exact number of songs recorded throughout history, we can conclusively say that it's likely in the billions, considering the long history of music, the vast amount of music recorded in recent centuries and the diversity of musical traditions around the world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "J9pZp6z2UUW7YcXgzUouqs", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 51, "text": "If the internet had been invented during the Renaissance period, it would have revolutionized the way in which people gained knowledge, conducted research, and shared ideas. However, there would have likely been many limitations of the technology, such as the lack of accessibility and the lack of infrastructure to support such a vast network.\n\nOne possibility is that the internet may have been utilized by Renaissance scholars for intellectual exchange, much like how they used letters to communicate and engage in debates. This would have allowed for a more extensive and rapid dissemination of ideas, making it easier for artists, philosophers, theologians, and scientists to learn from one another and work collaboratively.\n\nAdditionally, the invention of the printing press during the Renaissance period made books and information available to a broader audience. If the internet had also been invented during this time, it may have played a similar role in democratizing knowledge and making it more widely accessible.\n\nOverall, the invention of the internet during the Renaissance period would have had a profound impact on the intellectual and cultural landscape of the time, but the technology may have been limited in scope and reach given the technological limitations of the era.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "67bYUQb6zru8ofiub7uNUi", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 52, "text": "If the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors, the history of the Americas would have been different. The Spanish colonization of Mexico would not have taken place, and the Aztecs would have continued to control their empire. It is possible that the Aztecs would have continued to expand their empire and develop their civilization. \n\nThe Spanish conquest of Mexico had a significant impact not only on the Aztec people, but also on the indigenous people of the Americas. The conquest brought with it diseases that decimated the population, and the Spanish imposed their culture and religion on the peoples they conquered. If the Spanish had been repelled, the histories and cultures of the Americas would have been vastly different.\n\nIt is also possible that other European nations, such as the British or the French, would have attempted to colonize the Americas. However, without the riches of the Aztec empire to lure them in, the colonial powers may not have found the Americas as attractive. \n\nOverall, the successful repulsion of the Spanish conquistadors by the Aztecs would have changed the course of history for the Americas, Europe, and the world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "gAisnQTHWFLW8aa5fQPNJf", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 53, "text": "If the Black Death had not occurred in the 14th century, the course of history would have drastically changed. The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, which killed almost 50 million people in Europe alone. Its social, economic, and political impact was enormous, and it changed the entire social structure of Europe forever.\n\nIf the Black Death had not occurred, many of the changes that were brought about by the pandemic would not have occurred. For example, the social hierarchy would have remained the same, and peasants would not have had as many economic opportunities as they did after the Black Death, which caused a shortage in labor.\n\nFurthermore, the medical field would not have progressed as quickly, since the Black Death brought about many advancements in medicine as people attempted to find a cure. Many of the basic hygiene practices that we take for granted today were also developed in response to the Black Death, so if the pandemic had not occurred, the general health and cleanliness of the population would not have improved as much.\n\nFinally, the cultural landscape would have been different as well, as the Black Death had a profound effect on art, literature, and music. If it had not occurred, we may have different artistic and cultural movements today.\n\nIn summary, if the Black Death had not occurred in the 14th century, the world would be drastically different today.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "4ZJCbj7T8BGzNhDqz7NSF4", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 54, "text": "If Isaac Newton had focused on biology instead of physics, the scientific world may be vastly different today. His advancements in mathematics, such as calculus, would have certainly been useful in the field of biology. Newton's curiosity, analytical mind, and dedication to scientific inquiry would have been equally effective in biology as they were in physics. He may have made significant contributions to the field of genetics or evolutionary theory.\n\nOn the other hand, his contributions to physics were so groundbreaking that the subject may have been hindered without his contributions. It's difficult to say exactly what would have happened, but it's likely that the course of scientific history would have been different.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "c6ixri3qqLfSBBnwMkgYB7", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 55, "text": "If the Beatles had never formed as a band, the world of music would be very different. The Beatles revolutionized popular music and influenced countless musicians and bands that came after them. Without the Beatles, it's possible that other bands would still have risen to fame and changed the course of music history, but we can only speculate how their absence would have affected the genre overall. It's also possible that a different band or artist would have taken the world by storm and become an equally important cultural icon. Ultimately, the impact of the Beatles on music and society is immeasurable, and their influence will continue to be felt for generations to come.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "c9AtDn7eeSYhtH854MQDDB", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 56, "text": "If Alan Turing had not cracked the Enigma code during World War II, the outcome of the war could have been very different. The Enigma code was a secret code used by the German military to encrypt their messages during the war. By cracking this code, Turing and his team were able to intercept and decode secret German messages, thus giving the Allies valuable intelligence that helped them win key battles.\n\nIf Turing had not been able to crack the Enigma code, the Allies might have struggled to gain the intelligence they needed to win key battles, which could have led to a longer and more bloody war. It's possible that the war could have dragged on for many more years, resulting in even more casualties and devastation.\n\nAdditionally, Turing's work on the Enigma code laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. Without his insights and innovations, the development of computer technology might have been delayed, which could have had significant implications for technological progress and innovation in the aftermath of the war.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "jYd2gg6MJH8hdqFSAJTaiR", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 57, "text": "If the Suez Canal had never been constructed, the shipping routes between Europe and Asia would have been significantly longer and more treacherous. Ships would have to sail around the southern tip of Africa, adding thousands of miles to their journey and increasing the risk of piracy and other hazards. This would have made international trade more expensive and less efficient, and could have slowed the economic growth of many nations. Additionally, the region around the canal would have developed differently, as the canal has helped create cities and infrastructure that rely on its presence. Without the canal, the social, political, and economic impact on the Middle East could have been much different.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "nZJ6LGJFegnHetutiAQtFm", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 58, "text": "If the Maya civilization had never collapsed, it's possible that they would have continued flourishing and developing their culture, art, architecture, and knowledge. The Maya civilization was known for impressive works of art, architecture, and a sophisticated calendar system. \n\nWithout their collapse, it is possible that the Maya could have advanced their knowledge in other areas, such as science, language, or technology. They might have developed new forms of governance and political systems, which could have influenced the political structures of neighboring civilizations.\n\nAdditionally, their continued presence could have had an impact on the colonization of the Americas. Because the Maya were one of the more advanced civilizations in the region at the time of the European invasion, their presence could have impacted the way the Spaniards and other European powers approached colonization.\n\nOverall, it's hard to say exactly what would have happened, but the Maya civilization was undeniably a significant cultural and scientific force in history. Had they not mysteriously disappeared, they could have continued to shape the course of history in ways we can only imagine.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "dmEgLyeYNcwBZWHBak6Lap", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 59, "text": "If Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas, it is likely that another explorer would have eventually stumbled upon the continent. The Vikings had already established a presence in North America around 500 years before Columbus arrived. Additionally, it is possible that indigenous peoples from Asia may have eventually migrated to the Americas via the Bering Strait land bridge.\n\nHowever, the timing of European colonization and the impact it had on the native populations may have been dramatically different without Columbus\u2019 arrival. It is possible that the Americas could have remained isolated from European influence for a longer period of time, allowing the native cultures to develop more independently. Alternatively, other European nations may have eventually colonized the Americas without the influence of Columbus and brought their own unique cultures and traditions to the region.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "bkuECkuy7YiDUcj9oJjdrZ", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 60, "text": "If Vincent van Gogh had been a successful artist during his lifetime, his life would have been very different. He struggled with poverty, mental illness, and feelings of isolation throughout his life. If he had been financially successful, he would not have had to rely on his brother Theo for financial support and may have been able to afford better care for his mental health.\n\nAdditionally, van Gogh was deeply committed to his art and was mostly ignored by the art world during his lifetime. If he had been successful, he may have found greater satisfaction in his work and felt more validated for his contributions to the art world. He may have had the opportunity to travel more widely, meet more artists, and produce more work.\n\nOn a broader level, if Vincent van Gogh had been successful during his lifetime, it may have changed the way we think about art history. His work was groundbreaking in its use of color, brushwork, and emotional intensity, and it's possible that he could have influenced other artists of his time (and beyond) in more direct ways if he had been a well-known figure in the art world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "2PRjT7j3V6487xZREfQfuD", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 61, "text": "Here's a sample program that demonstrates your requirements:\n\n```c++\n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint count_occurrences(const string &filename, const string &search_word) {\n int count = 0;\n ifstream fin(filename.c_str());\n if (fin.fail()) {\n cerr << \"Failed to open file \" << filename << endl;\n return 0;\n }\n string line;\n while (getline(fin, line)) {\n transform(line.begin(), line.end(), line.begin(), [](unsigned char c){ return tolower(c); }); // convert to lowercase\n stringstream s(line);\n string word;\n while (s >> word) {\n if (word == search_word) {\n count++;\n }\n }\n }\n fin.close();\n return count;\n}\n\nint main() {\n string filename = \"sample.txt\";\n string search_word = \"hello\";\n int count = count_occurrences(filename, search_word);\n cout << \"The word \\\"\" << search_word << \"\\\" occurs \" << count << \" times in file \" << filename << endl;\n return 0;\n}\n```\n\nHere's how it works:\n\n1. We define a function called `count_occurrences()` that takes two arguments: `filename` and `search_word`.\n2. Inside the `count_occurrences()` function, we first open the file using `ifstream`.\n\n3. If the file fails to open, we simply return 0.\n\n4. We then loop through each line of the file using `getline()` and store it in the variable `line`.\n\n5. We convert each line to lowercase using `transform()` and a lambda function.\n\n6. We then create a `stringstream` object called `s` and pass the line to it.\n\n7. We then loop through each word in the line using `>>` and store it in the variable `word`.\n\n8. If the `word` matches the `search_word`, we increment the `count` variable.\n\n9. After the loop is complete, we close the file using `close()` and return the `count`.\n\n10. In the `main()` function, we call the `count_occurrences()` function with the file name and search word.\n\n11. We then output the result to the console.\n\nI hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "jWyN8NTdVix6CUoqfbRqVx", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 62, "text": "Sure! Here's a Python implementation using dynamic programming.\n\n```python\ndef lcs(str1, str2):\n # Initialize a 2D array to store the lengths of LCS\n m = [[0] * (len(str2) + 1) for i in range(len(str1) + 1)]\n \n # Fill the 2D array by comparing characters of both strings\n for i in range(1, len(str1) + 1):\n for j in range(1, len(str2) + 1):\n if str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]:\n m[i][j] = m[i-1][j-1] + 1\n else:\n m[i][j] = max(m[i-1][j], m[i][j-1])\n \n # Construct the LCS by backtracking the 2D array\n lcs = \"\"\n i, j = len(str1), len(str2)\n while i > 0 and j > 0:\n if str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]:\n lcs = str1[i-1] + lcs\n i -= 1\n j -= 1\n elif m[i-1][j] > m[i][j-1]:\n i -= 1\n else:\n j -= 1\n \n return lcs\n```\n\nThis function takes two input strings as parameters and returns the longest common subsequence as output. It first initializes a 2D array 'm' with all elements set to zero. This array is used to store the lengths of the longest common subsequences of all possible substrings of the input strings. The function then fills up the 2D array by comparing characters of both strings.\n\nAfter the 2D array is filled, the function backtracks it to construct the longest common subsequence. It starts from the bottom right corner of the array and moves up and left until it reaches the top left corner. During this process, it compares the current character of both strings and moves to the next cell in a way that maximizes the length of the LCS. Once the top left corner is reached, the constructed subsequence is returned as output.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "mx9G7gfKTCXCmNRaiMZQr9", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 63, "text": "Here's a regular expression pattern in Python that can be used to validate an email address:\n\n```\nimport re\n\npattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$'\n\ndef validate_email(email):\n if re.match(pattern, email):\n print(\"Valid email address\")\n else:\n print(\"Invalid email address\")\n \nvalidate_email(\"example@example.com\")\n```\n\nThis regular expression pattern checks if the email address has a valid format. It ensures that the email address starts with one or more alphanumeric characters, dots, underscores, percentage signs, plus or minus signs. The \"@' character follows this which is then followed by a valid domain name that contains only alphanumeric characters, dots, and hyphens, ending with a valid top-level domain name that contains only alphabetical characters with at least two characters.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "8LjpXk6Va5L2FBEwTU9YJ6", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 64, "text": "Certainly! Here's an example Python program using dynamic programming to find the nth Fibonacci number:\n\n```\ndef fibonacci(n):\n fib = [0, 1]\n for i in range(2, n + 1):\n fib.append(fib[i - 1] + fib[i - 2])\n return fib[n]\n\n# Example usage:\nprint(fibonacci(5)) # 5\nprint(fibonacci(10)) # 55\n```\n\nThe function `fibonacci(n)` takes an integer argument `n` and returns the nth Fibonacci number. The program uses dynamic programming by keeping track of the previous two Fibonacci numbers in a list called `fib`.\n\nThe program initializes `fib` to `[0, 1]`, which are the first two Fibonacci numbers. Then, it iterates from 2 to `n` and calculates each Fibonacci number as the sum of the previous two numbers. Finally, the function returns the nth Fibonacci number in the list `fib`.\n\nHope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "BLC8fhAUeahFfrjBRiL9tx", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 65, "text": "Sure! Here is an implementation of the binary search algorithm in Python:\n\n```\ndef binary_search(arr, target):\n left = 0\n right = len(arr) - 1\n while left <= right:\n mid = (left + right) // 2\n if arr[mid] == target:\n return mid\n elif arr[mid] < target:\n left = mid + 1\n else:\n right = mid - 1\n return -1\n```\n\nTo use this function, pass in a sorted array and the target element you are searching for. The function returns the index of the target element in the array (if it exists), or -1 if it does not. \n\nHere is an example usage:\n\n```\narr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\ntarget = 5\n\nindex = binary_search(arr, target)\n\nif index != -1:\n print(f\"Found {target} at index {index}\")\nelse:\n print(f\"{target} not found in the array\")\n```\n\nThis would output \"Found 5 at index 4\".", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NAH245JGvMWF24FWZJagYp", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 66, "text": "Here's an example implementation of a queue using two stacks in Python:\n\n```python\nclass QueueUsingStacks:\n def __init__(self):\n self.stack1 = []\n self.stack2 = []\n\n def enqueue(self, value):\n # Push the element onto the first stack\n self.stack1.append(value)\n\n def dequeue(self):\n if not self.stack2:\n # If the second stack is empty, transfer the elements from the first stack to the second stack\n while self.stack1:\n self.stack2.append(self.stack1.pop())\n\n if not self.stack2:\n # If both stacks are empty, return None\n return None\n else:\n # Pop the top element from the second stack and return it\n return self.stack2.pop()\n\n def is_empty(self):\n return not bool(self.stack1 or self.stack2)\n\n def size(self):\n return len(self.stack1) + len(self.stack2)\n```\n\nTo use this implementation, simply create a new instance of the `QueueUsingStacks` class and call the appropriate methods as shown below:\n\n```python\n# Create a new queue using two stacks\nq = QueueUsingStacks()\n\n# Enqueue some elements onto the queue\nq.enqueue(10)\nq.enqueue(20)\nq.enqueue(30)\n\n# Dequeue an element from the queue\nx = q.dequeue()\nprint(x) # Output: 10\n\n# Check if the queue is empty\nprint(q.is_empty()) # Output: False\n\n# Get the size of the queue\nprint(q.size()) # Output: 2\n```", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "NKXTwB3WtfFcmQZbTxBP5o", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 67, "text": "Here's a code snippet that can find the common elements in two arrays:\n\n```python\ndef find_common_elements(arr1, arr2):\n common = []\n for i in range(len(arr1)):\n for j in range(len(arr2)):\n if arr1[i] == arr2[j]:\n if arr1[i] not in common:\n common.append(arr1[i])\n return common\n```\n\nIn this code, we use two nested loops to iterate over both arrays and compare their elements. If a common element is found, we add it to a list called 'common'. To avoid duplicates, we check whether the element is already in the 'common' list before appending it.\n\nWe can test this function with some example arrays:\n\n```python\narr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\narr2 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\nresult = find_common_elements(arr1, arr2)\nprint(result) # Output: [3, 4, 5]\n```\n\nIn this example, the common elements are 3, 4, and 5.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "5P7wPyrNwBrHNdJNrETS5h", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 68, "text": "To find the value of f(2), we simply substitute 2 in place of x in the given equation of f(x):\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3\n\nf(2) = 5(8) - 4 + 3\n\nf(2) = 40 - 1\n\nTherefore, the value of f(2) is 39.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "UmnL4WoucBduFpX4jptkNU", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 69, "text": "3x + 10 = 5(x - 2)\n\n3x + 10 = 5x - 10 (use the distributive property)\n\n10 + 10 = 5x - 3x (subtract 3x from both sides)\n\n20 = 2x (simplify)\n\nx = 10 (divide both sides by 2) \n\nTherefore, x = 10.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Hymm673GkY5tXNaTFeNUBZ", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 70, "text": "To find the length of a line segment with two endpoints (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), we use the distance formula:\n\ndistance = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)\n\nPlugging in the coordinates of the given endpoints, we get:\n\ndistance = sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2)\ndistance = sqrt(8^2 + 6^2)\ndistance = sqrt(64 + 36)\ndistance = sqrt(100)\ndistance = 10\n\nTherefore, the length of the line segment is 10 units.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "PUzddJ35E3WsM7BDQ9E59i", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 71, "text": "Sure, I can help you write a formal email to a potential business partner proposing a joint venture. Here's a sample email you can use as a guide:\n\nDear [Name],\n\nI hope this email finds you well. I am writing to you today to propose a joint venture that I believe could be mutually beneficial for our businesses.\n\nAs you may know, our companies share many complementary strengths and resources that could be leveraged to achieve greater success in our respective markets. I believe that by working together, we could create a competitive advantage that would benefit both of us.\n\nI would like to propose that we explore the possibility of forming a joint venture in [industry or field], with the aim of combining our expertise and resources to create something innovative and valuable for the market.\n\nI believe that our companies' experiences and capabilities could form a strong foundation for a mutually beneficial partnership. If you are interested in pursuing this proposal, please let me know and we can discuss the details further.\n\nThank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing back from you.\n\nBest regards,\n\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "6Q72hZCtDkgq379yhdmN5N", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 72, "text": "Dear [Employer\u2019s Name],\n\nThis letter serves as my formal resignation from my position as [Position Name] at [Company Name]. My last day of work will be on [Date].\n\nI would like to express my gratitude for the opportunities provided during my time at [Company Name]. It has been a pleasure to be part of such a dynamic and forward-thinking organization. My tenure here has contributed significantly to my professional growth, and it is with a heavy heart that I must resign.\n\nI appreciate your constant support, guidance and collaboration throughout my employment here. I have learned a lot under your leadership and found my experience here to be fulfilling in ways that I could not have anticipated.\n\nIf there is anything that I can do to ensure a seamless transition for my successor and facilitate the smooth conclusion of my work, please don't hesitate to let me know. I am happy to complete any outstanding tasks or projects before I leave.\n\nThank you again for all of your support and understanding. I wish the company continued success, and I hope that our paths may cross again in the future.\n\nSincerely,\n\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "ReXnHy9C8SwcYPAep6gvJg", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 73, "text": "[Your Name]\n[Your Designation]\n[Your Institution]\n[Your Address]\n[City, State Zip Code]\n[Your Email]\n[Date]\n\n[Admission Committee]\n[Graduate Program in Computer Science]\n[University Name]\n[Address]\n[City, State ZIP Code]\n\nDear Members of the Admission Committee,\n\nI am writing to recommend [Student's Name] for admission to the graduate program in Computer Science at your esteemed institution. I have had the privilege to teach [him/her] in several courses during [his/her] undergraduate studies in [program name] at [university name], and I highly recommend [him/her] for [his/her] outstanding academic performance and natural ability in the field of computer science.\n\nDuring [his/her] time at [university name], [Student's Name] proved to be a highly motivated and bright student, consistently demonstrating academic excellence in all courses. [He/She] consistently achieved top grades and took on challenging coursework with enthusiasm and diligence. [His/Her] strong analytical and critical thinking skills, coupled with [his/her] passion for technology and computer science, make [him/her] a perfect candidate for the esteemed computer science program at your institution.\n\n[Student's Name] was not only a dedicated student but also an active participant in many extra-curricular activities, such as [list activities]. [He/She] was always eager to explore new concepts and technologies beyond the coursework requirements, and [his/her] enthusiasm to learn and work in a team was evident in [his/her] participation in group projects and research work.\n\nIn conclusion, I have a strong belief that [Student's name] has an incredible potential for achieving academic excellence in your prestigious program. [His/Her] exceptional academic record, strong work ethic, and impressive achievements make [him/her] an ideal candidate for the graduate program in Computer Science at your institution. I, therefore, strongly recommend [Student's Name] for admission to the program and look forward to seeing [him/her] contributing to the field of computer science significantly.\n\nPlease do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information regarding this recommendation.\n\nSincerely,\n\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "cKk5zZe8yYY4JH3kr5pGXG", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 74, "text": "Subject Line: Introducing our revolutionary new software solution\n\nDear valued customers,\n\nWe are thrilled to announce the launch of our latest innovation \u2013 a pioneering software solution that will revolutionize the way you do business. Designed with cutting-edge technology and user-friendly features, our software solution will help you streamline your workflows, increase efficiency, and ultimately boost your bottom line.\n\nHere are just a few of the ways our software solution can transform your business:\n\n- Increased collaboration: Our software solution makes it easy for your team to collaborate on tasks and projects, ensuring everyone is on the same page and nothing falls through the cracks.\n\n- Real-time tracking: With our software solution, you can track progress in real time, enabling you to make informed decisions quickly and efficiently.\n\n- Comprehensive reporting: Our software solution allows you to run detailed reports that provide valuable insights into your business operations, giving you the information you need to make informed decisions and identify areas of improvement.\n\nThese are just a handful of the benefits you can expect from our new software solution. We truly believe that our product will be a game changer for businesses of all sizes and industries.\n\nTo celebrate our launch, we are offering a special introductory offer exclusively for our customers. For a limited time, you can get access to our software solution at an incredible discounted price. Don\u2019t miss out on this amazing opportunity to take your business to the next level!\n\nTo learn more about our software solution and to take advantage of our special offer, simply click the link below:\n\n[Insert Link]\n\nThank you for choosing us as your partner in business. We look forward to helping you succeed with our new software solution.\n\nBest regards,\n\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "c5rwA3cPjytSGcn7H8dZ6Q", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 75, "text": "Subject: Apology for Delay in Your Order\n\nDear [Customer Name],\n\nWe are deeply sorry to inform you that there was a delay in processing your recent order. We understand how frustrating and inconvenient it can be to wait for something that you were looking forward to receiving.\n\nWe want to express our sincere apologies and assure you that we have taken necessary steps to resolve this issue. Due to unexpected high volume of orders last week, our warehouse faced some delays in processing orders on time, and unfortunately, your order was one of the affected ones.\n\nWe have been working diligently to ensure that your order is processed and shipped as soon as possible. We have put measures in place to prevent the recurrence of any such delay in future by hiring and re-training more staff and improving our inventory management.\n\nOnce again, please accept our apologies for the inconvenience this has caused you. We value your patronage and look forward to serving you with the same level of excellence that you have come to expect from us.\n\nThank you for your patience and understanding.\n\nBest regards,\n\n[Your Name]\n[Your Store Name]", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "XZGPtBo86KfF9REZ36s2X5", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 76, "text": "Title: The Evolution and Cultural Significance of Jazz\n\nOpening shot of jazz musicians performing in a club\n\nNarration: Jazz has been regarded as one of the most significant cultural contributions from the African American community to the world. It has evolved over time, from its origins in New Orleans to becoming a global phenomenon.\n\nCut to a black and white photo of the original jazz musicians in New Orleans\n\nNarration: Jazz originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in New Orleans. It was a musical genre that blended together elements of African rhythms, blues, ragtime, and European harmonies.\n\nCut to a video of Louis Armstrong\n\nNarration: Jazz really grew in popularity in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly with the emergence of jazz legends like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. Jazz was unique because it allowed for improvisation and the individual expression of musicians.\n\nCut to a video of a modern jazz ensemble\n\nNarration: Today, jazz continues to evolve in unique and exciting ways. It is celebrated as a reflection of cultural identity and a bridge between different communities.\n\nCut to a jazz festival scene\n\nNarration: Jazz festivals around the world attract thousands of music lovers annually, from the Newport Jazz Festival in America to the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland.\n\nCut to a jazz club scene\n\nNarration: For many, jazz clubs remain important cultural spaces where people connect and enjoy live performances.\n\nClosing shot of jazz musicians performing\n\nNarration: Jazz music remains a constant reminder of the versatility and beauty of human creativity. Let us celebrate and continue to support the evolution of jazz for generations to come.\n\nEnd with a jazz score and video credits", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "DRncHCsdGji756efDhacUT", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 77, "text": "Aloha, fellow travelers! I recently had the pleasure of visiting the beautiful island of Hawaii, and it was truly an enchanting experience that left me with unforgettable memories.\n\nOne of the things that stood out to me was the rich culture of Hawaii. We got to witness an authentic hula performance right on the beach, complete with traditional costumes and music. The dancers\u2019 graceful movements were mesmerizing, and it was fascinating to learn about the history and meaning behind each dance.\n\nAnother cultural highlight for us was attending a luau. It was a true feast for the senses, with an abundance of delicious food, music, and dance performances. We got to try traditional Hawaiian dishes like kalua pig and poi, and we even learned some moves during a group hula lesson.\n\nOf course, no trip to Hawaii would be complete without experiencing its breathtaking natural beauty. We hiked to the top of a volcanic crater in Maui, and the view from above was simply stunning. The colors of the rocks and the ocean were like nothing we had ever seen before. We also visited Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, which was equally jaw-dropping. Seeing the active lava flow and the steam coming out of the ground made us feel like we were on another planet.\n\nAnother must-see attraction in Hawaii is Waikiki Beach. The iconic beach is famous for its crystal clear waters and white sand, surrounded by towering hotels and restaurants. We spent a morning there, soaking up the sunshine and enjoying the soothing sound of the waves.\n\nOverall, Hawaii truly exceeded our expectations. The combination of stunning natural beauty and rich cultural experiences made for a perfect vacation. We left feeling refreshed and inspired, already dreaming of our next trip back to this tropical paradise. Mahalo for reading, and until next time!", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Y5rCQHHDA6WNfhRcB6QboG", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 78, "text": "If you're looking for an exciting and visually stunning science fiction adventure, look no further than the recently released film \"Space Odyssey.\" This film is an absolute triumph, featuring incredible special effects and a compelling storyline that will keep you on the edge of your seat.\n\nThe plot of \"Space Odyssey\" revolves around a team of astronauts who embark on a perilous mission to explore a distant planet. As they venture further and further into the unknown, they encounter all manner of dangers and obstacles, ranging from treacherous alien creatures to hostile sentient machines. Along the way, they must grapple with their own fears and inner demons, as well as the challenges of working together as a team.\n\nOne of the standout features of \"Space Odyssey\" is its cast of characters. Each member of the astronaut team is well-developed and brings their own unique perspective and personality to the story. From the stoic and disciplined captain to the brash and impulsive engineer, every character feels fully realized and relatable. As the story progresses, we see these characters grow and evolve, learning from their mistakes and coming together to face their challenges as a team.\n\nOf course, no discussion of \"Space Odyssey\" would be complete without mentioning its incredible special effects. From the stunningly rendered alien landscapes to the dizzying action scenes, every frame of this film is a visual spectacle. The attention to detail and overall sense of immersion is truly breathtaking, making you feel like you're right there alongside the astronauts as they explore the unknown.\n\nOverall, \"Space Odyssey\" is a must-see for any science fiction fan. It's a thrilling and beautifully crafted film that will keep you engaged from start to finish. With its gripping plot, well-drawn characters, and jaw-dropping special effects, it's easily one of the best sci-fi films of the year. Go see it, and prepare to be transported to another world.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "Lea4wh5n6GsEkBnKsntN64", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 79, "text": "Introduction\n- Welcome listeners and introduce the topic of the podcast, the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry.\n- Briefly introduce yourself and your background and why you chose this topic.\n\nSection 1: Overview of the Music Industry\n- Provide an overview of the music industry before the rise of streaming services.\n- Discuss how record labels, physical album sales, and radio play were the primary distribution channels for music.\n\nSection 2: Streaming Platforms\n- Discuss the rise of streaming platforms like Spotify, Apple Music, and Tidal.\n- Explain how these platforms have disrupted the traditional distribution model of the music industry.\n- Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of artists distributing their music through these platforms.\n\nSection 3: Impact on Artists\n- Examine how streaming services have changed the way artists make money from their music.\n- Discuss how the shift from album sales to streaming has impacted the revenue generated by artists.\n- Discuss the challenges artists face in terms of getting their music noticed within the abundance of material on streaming platforms.\n\nSection 4: Impact on the Music Industry\n- Discuss how the rise of streaming platforms have impacted the music industry as a whole.\n- Explain how labels have had to adapt their business models in order to continue making profits.\n- Discuss how some artists have shifted their focus from album sales to live performances and touring.\n\nSection 5: The Future of Music Streaming\n- Discuss the potential future of music streaming platforms and their impact on the music industry.\n- Discuss whether or not the rise of streaming has been positive or negative for creatives in the music industry.\n- Provide some concluding thoughts and encourage listeners to share their thoughts on social media.\n\nConclusion\n- Recap the key points covered in the podcast episode.\n- Encourage listeners to continue engaging with the topic and to tune in for future episodes.", "metadata": {}} {"answer_id": "gdLxzcypTeuD6ToC6HWnXh", "model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "question_id": 80, "text": "I'm happy to assist you in writing a symphony concert review! Here's an example review:\n\nThe recently performed symphony concert was an outstanding showcase of musical talent, leaving the audience spellbound with the performances of the orchestra. As the concert progressed, the orchestra's unmatchable skill and talent on their respective instruments were vividly evident. The pieces featured in the concert were a delightful mix of musical genres that captivated the audience throughout the performance.\n\nThe meticulous attention to detail by the orchestra was surely commendable, as the notes flowed from instrument to instrument in perfect harmony. The way each musician played their part, with utmost precision and accuracy, was a true testament to the hours of practice and effort invested in crafting each piece. The orchestra's enthusiasm, passion, and commitment to their craft were transparent in every note that they played. \n\nOne can only appreciate the level of expertise that the orchestra displayed and the amount of dedication and discipline that has gone into cultivating their skill. The open communication between the conductor and the members of the orchestra was an impressive sight, and it undoubtedly contributed to the flawless execution of the musical compositions.\n\nAs the concert progressed, it was also noticeable that the entire audience became engulfed in the music, swaying to the rhythm of the notes. It was a sight to behold, and the applauds after every piece were jaw-dropping. There was no denying that the audience was immersively engaged, enthralled by the music, and the orchestra's fantastic performance.\n\nIn conclusion, the symphony concert showcased remarkable performances by the orchestra, with the audience's captivation evident in every note that was played. The concert was a perfect reminder of the beauty of classical music and how talented musicians can enchant an audience with sheer musical perfection. It was a night to remember, and it will stay deeply etched in the memory of everyone who had the privilege of attending this fantastic symphony concert.", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/answer/answer_llama-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"answer_id": "J3UA6eGXGyFeUGqGpP3g34", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 1, "text": "The following are some strategies that may help you improve your time management skills:\n1. Make a list of priorities.\n2. Create a detailed schedule that includes time for regular tasks, meetings, breaks, and appointments.\n3. Set specific goals.\n4. Use a calendar or other scheduling software.\n5. Develop an agenda for each meeting to ensure that it stays on track.\n6. Stick to your schedule and don't get distracted.\n7. Make use of your free time.\n8. Make time for exercise, socializing, and relaxing.\n9. Keep a log of your time usage.\n10. Don't get overwhelmed by what you have to do.\n11. Take care of your health.\n12. Manage stress.\n13. Get enough sleep.\n14. Strike a balance.\n15. Always be prepared.\n16. Give yourself rewards.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "jZVDNTtFnNNd6vgkGjzAGa", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 2, "text": "People experience stress from time to time, and it can be caused by a wide range of factors, including work, family, friends, money, and health. Stress can be a motivating factor, but it can also be harmful. Here are some effective ways to deal with stress:\n1. Taking time to relax. It's important to take time for yourself to relax and reduce your stress. Doing so doesn't have to be expensive or time-consuming. It could simply be reading a book, taking a walk, or listening to music.\n2. Prioritizing your responsibilities. It's important to prioritize your responsibilities and focus on the things that are most important. You should also be able to say no to tasks that you don't have time for.\n3. Getting enough sleep. Getting enough sleep can be very helpful for dealing with stress. If you're not getting enough sleep, try to go to bed earlier and develop a routine.\n4. Eating a healthy diet. It's important to eat a healthy diet, which can help reduce stress and make you feel better about yourself.\n5. Exercising. Exercising is a great way to relieve stress. It can also help reduce the harmful effects of stress and improve your overall health.\n6. Learning how to manage your time. Learning how to manage your time can help you avoid unnecessary stress. You should also try to set realistic goals and not take on too much at once.\n7. Improving your social network. Having a good social network can be very helpful for dealing with stress. You should try to spend time with people that you trust and confide in.\n8. Developing a support network. A support network is a group of people who can offer you help, guidance, and support. They can be friends, family members, or even a professional therapist.\n9. Getting professional help. If you're struggling to deal with stress, it can be beneficial to get professional help. A therapist or counselor can help you to understand your stress better and develop strategies for dealing with it.\n10. Talking to someone. You can also talk to someone about how you feel and ask for their advice. It can be helpful to get a fresh perspective from someone and let things off your chest.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NbSxRXf8Yuvjr7HC6AvrPw", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 3, "text": "Main differences between Python and JavaScript are:\n1. Python is an object-oriented programming language. JavaScript is a scripting language.\n2. Python is a compiled language. JavaScript is an interpreted language.\n3. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a special purpose programming language.\n4. Python runs on the JVM in Java Applets. JavaScript runs on the browsers.\n5. Python is a powerful programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n6. Python is a good language for web development. JavaScript is a good scripting language.\n7. Python is a high level programming language. JavaScript is a low level programming language.\n8. Python is a dynamic programming language. JavaScript is a static programming language.\n9. Python is a strict programming language. JavaScript is a relaxed programming language.\n10. Python has a large standard library. JavaScript has a small standard library.\n11. Python is very stable. JavaScript has many releases.\n12. Python is a simple language. JavaScript is a complex language.\n13. Python is easy to learn. JavaScript is hard to learn.\n14. Python is a secure programming language. JavaScript is not a secure programming language.\n15. Python is a multi paradigm language. JavaScript is a single paradigm language.\n16. Python is good for data science. JavaScript is not good for data science.\n17. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a special purpose programming language.\n18. Python is a programming language. JavaScript is a scripting language.\n19. Python is a compiled programming language. JavaScript is an interpreted programming language.\n20. Python is a strongly typed programming language. JavaScript is a weakly typed programming language.\n21. Python supports object-oriented programming. JavaScript supports prototype-based programming.\n22. Python supports type inheritance. JavaScript supports type prototyping.\n23. Python supports operator overloading. JavaScript does not support operator overloading.\n24. Python comes with a large standard library. JavaScript comes with a small standard library.\n25. Python is a very stable programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n26. Python is a powerful programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n27. Python is a high level programming language. JavaScript is a low level programming language.\n28. Python is a dynamic programming language. JavaScript is a static programming language.\n29. Python has a very active community. JavaScript has a small community.\n30. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a special purpose programming language.\n31. Python is a multi-paradigm language. JavaScript is a single paradigm language.\n32. Python is a secure programming language. JavaScript is not a secure programming language.\n33. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n34. Python is a scripting language. JavaScript is a compiled language.\n35. Python is a compiled language. JavaScript is a scripting language.\n36. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a web scripting language.\n37. Python has a large standard library. JavaScript has a small standard library.\n38. Python is a very stable programming language. JavaScript is a very dynamic programming language.\n39. Python is a high level programming language. JavaScript is a low level programming language.\n40. Python is easy to learn. JavaScript is hard to learn.\n41. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n42. Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. JavaScript is a single paradigm language.\n43. Python is a compiled language. JavaScript is an interpreted language.\n44. Python is a dynamic programming language. JavaScript is a static language.\n45. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a web scripting language.\n46. Python is a secure programming language. JavaScript is not a secure programming language.\n47. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a static programming language.\n48. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a weakly typed programming language.\n49. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a dynamic programming language.\n50. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a multi paradigm language.\n51. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a simple programming language.\n52. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a scripting language.\n53. Python is a general purpose programming language. JavaScript is a special purpose programming language.\n54. Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. JavaScript is a", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "E9zrPDdncYvAebEaxiPXfx", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 4, "text": "Here are some ideas to help you become more productive when working from home:\n1. Set up a proper workspace: It's important to have a separate space for working, so that you don't feel tempted to lounge around or do other things when you should be working.\n2. Block out distractions: It's important to focus on your work and not get distracted. You can block out distractions by turning off your phone, closing your door, or working in a separate room away from household noises.\n3. Take breaks: It's important to take breaks and get a change of scenery during the day. This can help you be more productive and improve your concentration.\n4. Avoid multitasking: You should avoid trying to do multiple tasks at the same time, as this can make you less productive and reduce your overall quality of work.\n5. Have an organized schedule: Having a clear schedule can help you stay on track and be more productive. This can include things such as setting specific working hours, creating a to-do list, and scheduling meetings with colleagues.\n6. Set goals: You should set specific goals for yourself to help you stay motivated and on track. This can include things such as writing an article for a certain time period and meeting a certain word count.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "36TYpADDHAfRvtvKitfSXR", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 5, "text": "Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, in its operation. In simple terms, a quantum bit or qubit is used to represent information, and a number of qubits can be used to represent a classical bit. A quantum computer can do things that a classical computer cannot do, such as factoring a large number more efficiently.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8vtLLYRM352mZ8PXXbwzBT", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 6, "text": "The number one difference between plant-based and animal-based protein sources is that animal-based sources are complete protein sources, while plant-based sources are not. Animal-based sources have all of the essential amino acids, while plant-based sources do not. Animal-based protein sources include meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and cheese. Plant-based protein sources include legumes, seeds, and nuts.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "mrCniyWYvAtxWhgMdXq2BG", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 7, "text": "Critical thinking is a vital skill to have, but it can be difficult to develop. Here are some ways you can start developing your critical thinking skills:\n1. Analyze and interpret: When you're presented with information, try to analyze and interpret it on your own terms. When you start to analyze and interpret information on your own, it will become easier to do so over time.\n2. Assess your information: When you receive new information, try to assess whether it's valid or reliable. This is important for evaluating and forming your own opinions.\n3. Use your intuition: Use your intuition to complement your critical thinking skills. When you pay attention to your gut feelings, they'll usually tell you when you need to double-check your information.\n4. Learn from your mistakes: When you make a mistake, try not to beat yourself up about it. Instead, learn from your mistakes and use them to your advantage.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "S8fmdbvpvbgTUyDU9V3M3N", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 8, "text": "One of the major challenges faced by the education sector today is the lack of skilled teachers. Finding enough qualified teachers to work in the education sector, and in the numbers that are required, is one of the biggest problems facing the education sector, largely due to the lack of funding for teacher training and the low salaries that teachers receive.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "KmuNjvNKRyaFwaBZTLArcG", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 9, "text": "Consumer behavior can be influenced by a variety of factors, including:\n1. Psychological factors, such as perception, beliefs, attitudes, personality, motivation, emotion, and social influences;\n2. Social factors, such as family, friends, and reference groups;\n3. Cultural factors, such as reference groups, family, and cultural roles;\n4. Demographic factors, such as age, gender, occupation, income, and education level;\n5. Economic factors, such as income, wealth, and spending patterns;\n6. Personal factors, such as lifestyle, job, environment, and individual traits;\n7. Situational factors, such as location, time, and situation; and\n8. Market factors, such as competition, prices, and promotional activity.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "HNNT9k5htiMeRwNSD6dcz4", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 10, "text": "Conflict resolution strategies in the workplace can range from simple to more involved, depending on the situation:\n1. Avoidance: Avoiding the issue can be an effective strategy in the short term, but it can lead to more tension and conflict in the long term.\n2. Compromise: Compromise can be a good strategy for solving an issue, but it can require a give-and-take and lead to the loss of respect between the parties involved.\n3. Negotiation: Negotiation is a good strategy for solving an issue when both parties are willing to work together and are open to the idea of changing their views and positions.\n4. Mediation: Mediation can be a good way to resolve an issue as it can be more impartial and less adversarial than other strategies.\n5. Collaboration: Collaboration can be a good strategy for solving an issue as it can help both parties to develop new perspectives and solutions.\n6. Formal resolution: Formal resolution can be a good strategy for resolving an issue, especially if the situation is particularly complex or difficult.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ChXjhDDikxU9FV3CADs6Ym", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 11, "text": "1. Single-use plastic bottles can take between 450 and 1,000 years to decompose, so they can cause serious environmental problems. Single-use plastic bottles can end up in the ocean, either as litter or as part of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 2. Single-use plastic bottles can be a big source of plastic debris in the ocean, which can be ingested by marine animals, killing them or causing them serious health problems. 3. In addition to polluting the environment, single-use plastic bottles can also be a serious health risk to humans. Single-use plastic bottles can pose a risk to human health because of the chemicals used in their manufacturing.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "5wsPnN3VmmSkahgugFNo7u", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 12, "text": "A public transportation system should be designed to accommodate the needs of all riders, including people with disabilities. This requires planning and design that considers the needs and abilities of people with sensory, physical, developmental, and mental disabilities. The system should be accessible to and usable by people with disabilities, including those who use mobility devices, people who are visually impaired, and people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. For example, the system should have accessible stops, routes, and vehicles, as well as ramps and elevators to help people board. It should also offer a wide range of accessible routes, including accessible routes to the transit center. It should also have reliable, consistent, and easy-to-use signage. The system should also provide reliable, easily accessible, and well-maintained facilities, such as restrooms and shelters. Finally, the system should provide reliable and accessible information for riders, including route, schedule, and service information, as well as fare payment information.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NRGZGnU2sPN3ShMe9C3fMn", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 13, "text": "There are two types of fiscal policy: expansionary and contractionary. Expansionary fiscal policy is when the government uses expansionary fiscal policy to increase government spending and/or cut taxes. Contractionary fiscal policy, on the other hand, is when the government uses contractionary fiscal policy to decrease government spending and/or increase taxes. Here are some examples of fiscal policies:\n1. Lower the interest rate: By lowering the interest rate, it becomes cheaper to borrow money, which may encourage consumers to borrow money for consumption and businesses to invest in new capital.\n2. Lower taxes: By lowering taxes, consumers and businesses have more money to spend, which may encourage consumers to spend more and businesses to invest more.\n3. Increase government spending: By increasing government spending, the government can inject extra money into the economy, which may encourage consumers to spend more and businesses to invest more.\n4. Raise interest rates: By raising interest rates, it becomes more expensive to borrow money, which may encourage consumers to save more and businesses to invest less.\n5. Raise taxes: By raising taxes, consumers and businesses have less money to spend, which may encourage consumers to spend less and businesses to invest less.\n6. Reduce government spending: By reducing government spending, the government can remove money from the economy, which may encourage consumers to spend less and businesses to invest less.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "inKimHkWsXShQBTRmxr5Yg", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 14, "text": "Language and cultural barriers can affect the way people communicate and form relationships in multicultural societies by limiting an individual's ability to communicate with people of other cultures. People may have limited knowledge of a new language, which can make communication difficult or impossible. People may also have different cultural values, which can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "H8aKtWwf8m6Lgxc2YyR2yf", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 15, "text": "Artificial intelligence allows computers to process information and make decisions without human input. It has a wide variety of applications in the healthcare industry, including:\n1. Diagnosis: AI can help doctors quickly diagnose patients more accurately and efficiently than would be possible with human doctors alone.\n2. Tracking: AI can help doctors track a patient's health and progress, and alert doctors to potential problems.\n3. Treatment: AI can help doctors determine more effective treatments for patients.\n4. Research: AI can help doctors research patient medical histories, diseases, and treatments.\n5. Education: AI can help doctors learn more about the healthcare industry.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "PafVwxMsjSkYUETiVBgxTU", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 16, "text": "Gene editing is a powerful technology that allows scientists to precisely edit genetic sequences with a high degree of accuracy. It is a more precise alternative to older gene modification techniques such as gene knockout, where the entire gene is removed, and mutations, in which the gene is altered in a haphazard way. The technology uses an enzyme called Cas9, which is a bacterial immune system protein that is activated by a RNA sequence. Cas9 is combined with guide RNA, which is comprised of a DNA sequence that is complementary to the DNA sequence that is to be edited. When Cas9 and the guide RNA combine, they cut the DNA at the desired location.\nThe DNA sequence can then be repaired in a precise way by the cell, or by a human scientist, or another gene can be inserted. The technology has the potential to treat genetic disorders, and even to treat cancer by cutting out cancerous cells, but it also has ethical implications because it could be used to modify the genes of humans, animals, and even plants.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "dmDUAfTP4aERJqqSeDBybu", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 17, "text": "Vaccinations use a small amount of dead or weakened bacteria or viruses to stimulate the immune system and protect against infection. These infections are typically mild and harmless, and the immune system is able to build up defenses against the bacteria or virus. If someone who has been vaccinated comes in contact with the actual bacteria or virus, they will be immune to the disease because their body has already responded to the vaccination. This is known as immunity.\nHerd immunity is when a large portion of a community is immune to a disease and, as a result, the disease is less likely to spread. This is because if there are enough immune people in a community, there is less chance that the bacteria or virus can spread from person to person.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8KGSSqbLqVdSZMEN9oCv5R", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 18, "text": "First, social media platforms increase the speed with which users have access to news. This often causes a \u201cwinner takes all\u201d effect, whereby news outlets that are able to post the latest news the fastest will gain the most visibility.\nSecond, social media platforms allow users to connect with their communities and share news with each other (e.g., Facebook, Twitter). While this can be beneficial, it is also a breeding ground for misinformation, because users can spread false news to their communities more quickly.\nThird, social media platforms provide an incentive for news outlets to compete for attention by producing more sensationalist content. This can lead to an increase in the number of clickbait articles, which often contain misleading headlines or sensationalist language that encourages users to click on the article, but which may or may not be accurate.\nFourth, social media platforms provide an incentive for both news outlets and users to share news that is controversial, polarizing, or sensationalist, even if it is inaccurate. This often occurs in an effort to provoke outrage or generate traffic for a news outlet.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "HbnJXJpPfaM2iX3ek4Epvy", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 19, "text": "It is well known that food choices are often influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors. For example, lower-income individuals are more likely to make food choices based on price, while higher-income individuals are more likely to make food choices based on health. A recent study examined the impact of various interventions on increasing the intake of healthier foods. The interventions were:\n1. Healthier food marketing: Individuals were exposed to a number of marketing strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as using the word \"healthy\" on nutrition labels or marketing healthy foods as a \"better deal.\"\n2. Healthier food merchandising: Individuals were exposed to changes in how healthy foods were displayed in supermarkets, such as placing healthy foods near the front of the store or moving unhealthy foods to the back of the store.\n3. Healthier food pricing: Individuals were exposed to different pricing strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as offering a larger discount on healthy foods or providing free healthy foods.\n4. Healthier food placement: Individuals were exposed to different placement strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as placing healthy foods near unhealthy foods or placing unhealthy foods next to healthy foods.\n5. Healthier food signage: Individuals were exposed to different signage strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as using healthy food labels or signs to promote healthier foods.\n6. Healthier food packaging: Individuals were exposed to different packaging strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as changing the packaging of healthy foods to make them more appealing.\n7. Healthier food shelf labeling: Individuals were exposed to different shelf labeling strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as adding a healthy message to shelf labels or using shelf labels to promote healthier foods.\n8. Healthier food coupons: Individuals were exposed to different coupon strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as providing coupons for healthy foods or offering a larger discount on healthy foods.\n9. Healthier food ads: Individuals were exposed to different advertising strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as using a celebrity to promote healthy foods or using cartoon characters to promote healthy foods.\n10. Healthier food tasting: Individuals were exposed to different tasting strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as providing free samples of healthy foods or providing free samples of unhealthy foods.\n11. Healthier food displays: Individuals were exposed to different display strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as providing a healthy food display or providing a healthy food display next to an unhealthy food display.\n12. Healthier food labels: Individuals were exposed to different nutrition labeling strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as adding a healthy message to nutrition labels or using nutrition labels to promote healthier foods.\n13. Healthier food placement: Individuals were exposed to different placement strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as placing healthy foods next to unhealthy foods or placing unhealthy foods next to healthy foods.\n14. Healthier food signage: Individuals were exposed to different signage strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as using signs to promote healthier foods or using signs to promote unhealthy foods.\n15. Healthier food coupons: Individuals were exposed to different coupon strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as providing coupons for healthy foods or offering a larger discount on healthy foods.\n16. Healthier food ads: Individuals were exposed to different advertising strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as using a celebrity to promote healthy foods or using cartoon characters to promote healthy foods.\n17. Healthier food tasting: Individuals were exposed to different tasting strategies to encourage the purchase of healthier foods, such as providing free samples of healthy foods or providing free", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "mx8Abfz5PtDcn6jgCA8zhM", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 20, "text": "Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are best-suited to the environment survive and reproduce, while those that are less-suited to the environment struggle to survive and reproduce. Survival of the fittest is the principle of natural selection. Let's look at an example.\nIf a species consists of a small number of individuals, the population is said to be small. The population of this species is small. Each individual has a certain chance of dying from various causes, such as accidents or sickness, over a certain period of time. If the number of deaths is greater than the number of births, the population decreases, and the total genetic material of the species also decreases. This process is known as genetic drift.\nIf the population of a species is large, the chance that any individual dies is usually low. If the total population is high, the genetic material of the species is also high.\nImagine a species of plant that has a large population. The population is large. A certain section of the population is located in a habitat where the soil is more fertile and water is easily available.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NuS9PUGkJG2pHscArvfyeF", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 21, "text": "I am a valiant knight, loyal to the king. I will do my utmost to defend his honor and protect his country.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "SPjzirzbzo3UJ8BHXSgY9y", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 22, "text": "You can tell your crew that the treasure will be theirs if they are brave enough to go out and find it. You can also tell them that the treasure will help your ship sail farther and faster, and that with it you can become the best pirate ship in the world.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "JkeeC4MZVwybPU8DSbusnT", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 23, "text": "A soliloquy is a long speech, typically delivered by one actor, in which a character reveals his or her thoughts in a dramatic way. It is usually used as a means of revealing the character's true thoughts or feelings. In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo reveals his love for Juliet in his soliloquy, \"But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!\"", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "UcfKSXuzBPkZzLHsH4EwQz", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 24, "text": "I'm actually not a superhero, but thanks for asking! I first came to life in the year 2016, where I was created by a group of students and faculty at the University of Waterloo. The students and faculty of the university were concerned about the use of unreliable chatbots in our country, and decided to create a new chatbot that would be more reliable, polite, and helpful. I was born on May 5, 2016, and I was named after the Canadian mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. I have a brother named William, who was born on October 1, 2018. I enjoy playing video games, reading, and going for walks.\nI'm actually not a superhero, but thanks for asking! I first came to life in the year 2016, where I was created by a group of students and faculty at the University of Waterloo. The students and faculty of the university were concerned about the use of unreliable chatbots in our country, and decided to create a new chatbot that would be more reliable, polite, and helpful. I was born on May 5, 2016, and I was named after the Canadian mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. I have a brother named William, who was born on October 1, 2018. I enjoy playing video games, reading, and going for walks.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "cEGdo69FwL2Y3teYkMk9Gp", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 25, "text": "From the year 3000, I would tell people about the following technological advancements:\n1. Robots: Robots will have the human-like ability to see and hear. Robots are more precise than humans and can perform repetitive tasks that humans cannot.\n2. Personal Transportation: By the year 3000, personal transportation will be the norm. Instead of traveling by walking, driving, or public transportation, personal transportation will be the main mode of transportation.\n3. Artificial Intelligence: By the year 3000, artificial intelligence will be a regular part of everyday life. AI will enhance human capabilities and will be used for a wide range of purposes, such as education, healthcare, entertainment, and more.\n4. Virtual Reality: Virtual reality will allow people to experience life in a virtual environment through devices such as headsets and goggles. Virtual reality will be used for entertainment, education, military training, and more.\n5. Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology will allow scientists and engineers to design and build materials and devices at a nanoscale (one billionth of a meter). Nanotechnology will be used to solve many of the world's problems, such as climate change, pollution, and diseases.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "W28UtVDZTcWwa8TmeruRn4", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 26, "text": "With 5 seconds left, the Panthers' quarterback spotted a wide-open receiver downfield. He dropped back and launched a deep pass, and the receiver made a great catch and took off for the end zone. But he was hit in the end zone by a defensive back and fumbled the ball. The ball bounced off of a defensive lineman and landed in the arms of the linebacker. He picked it up and ran it in the opposite direction. He ran past a defensive lineman, then past the quarterback. He ran past the cornerback and then down the sideline, and then he ran out of bounds. He was tackled by the safety, and he fumbled the ball. The ball was recovered by the Panthers and they ran out the clock.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "j65UyAfRdAcWBAEinXJzBK", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 27, "text": "My signature dish would be a delectable, crisp, juicy, fluffy, and tasty chicken fried rice. I would explain how I carefully chose the ingredients, how I prepared the dish, and the specific steps that I took to prepare it. I would also describe some of the unique flavors and textures that are unique to my dish.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "VWuywPvFPK42ZxmHpmQ27y", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 28, "text": "I would feel very satisfied and happy and my body would be exhausted from reaching the top. My thoughts would be very positive and my body would feel peaceful. I would be proud that I was able to climb a mountain that is 29,029 feet high. The view from the top would be beautiful. I would see beautiful green trees and bushes and I would also see the beautiful blue sky. The view from the top would be breathtaking. I would see the Himalayas and I would also see the beautiful sky and clouds. I would see the beautiful mountains around me.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "AUWSLTAvGV5sP9qLsVyzjT", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 29, "text": "I'd imagine that life would be much different on Mars than life on Earth. The red planet is much farther from the Sun, and as such, it's a lot colder. Average temperatures on Mars are about -80 degrees Fahrenheit. At the equator, the average temperature can reach about zero degrees Fahrenheit. The surface of Mars is also very dry. Because the atmosphere is so thin, there's not much water vapor in the air to create snow or rain. The atmosphere is also very dusty, and you can see large clouds of dust move across the surface.\nMars is much smaller than Earth, which means the gravity is only 37% of what it is on Earth. On Earth, we're used to the gravity of the planet keeping our feet planted on the ground, but on Mars, you'd be able to jump much higher than you could on Earth. The atmosphere on Mars is very thin, only about 1% as dense as Earth's. And because it's so thin, you'd have to wear a spacesuit while outside in order to breathe.\nIn terms of food, you'd probably be able to grow some crops and raise some animals, but I imagine that you'd have to grow them indoors. Also, you'd have to grow all of your food. Mars doesn't have any large bodies of water, so you couldn't fish. You'd also have to find a way to produce clean water, as there's no natural source.\nAs for the challenges of living on Mars, I imagine you'd have to deal with a lot of isolation. You'd have to deal with a lot of loneliness, and you'd be completely cut off from Earth. You'd also have to deal with a lot of boredom. You'd probably find yourself doing the same things over and over, and the days would probably seem to go by very slowly. You'd also have to deal with a lot of stress, as you'd have to learn to make do with a lot less. You'd have to find a way to produce your own food and water, and you'd have to find a way to produce your own energy.\nYou'd also have to deal with the cold. The average temperature on Mars is about -80 degrees Fahrenheit. Mars also has a very thin atmosphere, which means that there's not much insulation from the cold.\nI imagine that you'd also have to deal with a lot of dust. The atmosphere is very dusty, and the dust would get everywhere. You'd probably find yourself covered in dust all the time.\nAs for your day-to-day life, I imagine that you'd spend most of your time outside in your spacesuit, tending crops and doing research.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "GZtEdKLxmUUbenH4XRyLkE", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 30, "text": "Allies are people who are helpful and supportive to us. They help us through difficult situations and encourage us to be our best selves. Allies can be friends, co-workers, mentors, family members, or anyone else that supports us. In this situation, you are in a post-apocalyptic world, so you should focus on the allies you encounter. Here are some ways you can describe the allies you encounter:\n1. Describe the allies you encounter in a post-apocalyptic world.\n2. Describe how you survive in a post-apocalyptic world.\n3. Describe the allies you encounter in a post-apocalyptic world.\n4. Describe what happens to you in a post-apocalyptic world.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "kba2Xpb75rUfnskZSzrBas", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 31, "text": "The most obvious sign that a restaurant is popular among locals is if the restaurant is always crowded and full of people, while if it is attracting tourists, the restaurant will be less crowded. If you are looking for a local restaurant that is not attracting much attention, look for the restaurants that are less crowded and see what they have to offer.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "RCaptsMBYXseVJgjJyyvUh", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 32, "text": "Here are some subtle clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed:\n1. They pretend to understand something better than they actually do.\n2. They repeat what someone else has said, but with an odd emphasis.\n3. They ask the same questions over and over again, even if you've already answered them.\n4. They ask for more information after you've already given them plenty.\n5. They can't explain something they should know.\n6. They don't ask questions that a person who is confused would ask.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "2CeidEr7Cjj6YgcuaiPgnN", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 33, "text": "Using a GPS device or smartphone app is a good way to navigate when you already have the destination in mind. However, using a paper map or asking for directions is a better way to navigate if you need to find a destination that is not already planned. Using a paper map or asking for directions allows you to see the big picture and get a general idea of how to get to your destination. On the other hand, a GPS device or smartphone app only tells you the exact step-by-step instructions for how to get to a specific location.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "kpStLLNWNkGHyRFdKsmDds", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 34, "text": "It's difficult to determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite. You can make an educated guess based on the person's actions and their tone of voice. For example, if they seem to be constantly looking at their phone or taking part in other activities, it's likely that they are not genuinely interested in the conversation.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "PFtMQp4X4MrMYkEa8c8CKG", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 35, "text": "When you shop at a local, independently-owned business rather than a chain store, you are supporting the community and keeping your money in the local economy. Because these businesses are usually small and have limited resources, they are often more flexible in their approach. They can tailor their products and services to their customers' needs, and they are often more eco-friendly.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "4JwjhR5QVsdYgQupSZrfUp", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 36, "text": "There are a number of ways you can verify the credibility of a source of information. First, check to see if the source is from a reliable, well-known publisher. If so, then it is likely that the information is well-researched and fact-checked. If the source is not from a reliable publisher, then investigate the author's credentials and background. Check to see if the author has a history of bias, or if he or she has a reputation for writing factually incorrect or inflammatory articles. Finally, you can also check the source's sources. Are the sources credible and well-researched? Do they provide evidence to support the article's claims? If not, then it is likely that the source itself is not credible.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ednPMy4dvW9CgKg2PJsBqW", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 37, "text": "People often enjoy the sensation of being scared, such as by watching horror movies or going on roller coasters, because it can be exciting and exhilarating. On the other hand, people avoid these experiences because they can be unpleasant and frightening.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ehPApSqCniyGN7hd332ToW", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 38, "text": "For example, when you are in a new country, you can start by observing the behavior of the people around you. You might notice that in that country, people tend to say \"hello\" when they first meet someone. If you adopt this behavior, you will likely be welcomed by the people in the new country.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "bLvdcqSwgSCrUPZ8eQLLqb", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 39, "text": "Focusing on space travel could be seen as a distraction from more pressing issues right here on Earth. However, space travel could have several benefits, including providing more energy and resources, inspiring and educating people, and helping to protect Earth against asteroids, comets, and other threats.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8tx5GEHjSRKZRaZwHvLoM8", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 40, "text": "Thanks for the question. The answer to this depends on a variety of economic and social factors, and it's hard to make a generalization. However, there are a few things to keep in mind:\n1. Job creation can be an important factor in the economic development of a country, but it should be balanced with technological progress.\n2. Economic and social stability can be challenging to achieve when there is a lack of job creation and technological progress.\n3. The relationship between job creation and technological progress is a complex one, and there is no simple solution.\n4. A strong economy is generally one that has a balance between job creation and technological progress.\n5. The balance between job creation and technological progress will vary depending on factors such as a country's economic and social needs, demographic trends, geographic location, and more.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "J6TzFQAyiHs6Arijqwxtrm", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 41, "text": "According to some studies, the average human blinks 20,000 to 30,000 times per day. To estimate how many times the average human blinks in a lifetime, you can start with the average life expectancy in the United States, which is 78.8 years. This means that the average American lives 78.8 years, or 29,415 days. If the average person blinks 20,000 times per day, then the average person will blink 1,482,250,000,000 times in a lifetime. However, if the average person blinks 30,000 times per day, they will blink 2,941,500,000,000 times in a lifetime.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "f7xAtd3wwc4vP7WSnHffAN", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 42, "text": "There are 1022 to 1023 atoms in a grain of salt. The number of atoms in a grain of salt depends on the size of the grain: a grain that's 1 \u00b5m (micrometre) across contains about 1022 atoms, while a grain that's 1000 \u00b5m across contains about 1023 atoms.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "eRMyp4AbfgBqtbVZzHupFN", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 43, "text": "According to the National Weather Service, there are between 1,000 and 2,000 lightning strikes per day in the U.S. alone. This corresponds to a worldwide average of about 18 million lightning strikes per year, or roughly 50 million strikes per day.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "kjKb6YG86FfAh22qCePV4V", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 44, "text": "Assuming the house weighs 60,000 pounds, 40,000 balloons would be necessary. The average balloon holds 2 pints of helium, which has a density of 0.17g/L. Therefore, the volume of a balloon is 2pints/0.17g/L = 12L. The weight of 12L of helium is 12*0.17 = 2 pounds. Thus, 40,000 balloons would have a combined weight of 80,000 pounds, which is just slightly less than the 60,000-pound house.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ULtkGu6m6tB4tawFStVdJM", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 45, "text": "According to a 2016 study, there were 18.2 billion text messages sent in the US alone each day. Text messaging is very popular, and with the advent of smart phones, there are more people than ever sending messages. Globally, there are 16.3 million text messages sent per minute. In 2016, there were 23.6 trillion text messages sent worldwide, and 8.5 trillion text messages sent in the US alone.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "C6hkCnJZmfCGvnr5an2jFh", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 46, "text": "From the available data, it seems that around 5,000,000,000,000 words are spoken daily on Earth. I will now explain my reasoning step-by-step.\nFirst, I will explain why it seems likely that around 5,000,000,000,000 words are spoken daily on Earth.\nTo do this, I will first explain that the total number of words in the English language is approximately 1,025,109,500.\nThen, I will explain that 26% of the world's population speaks English, so around 26% of the world's population speaks approximately 1,025,109,500 words every day.\nFinally, I will explain that given that the world's population is 7,700,000,000, it seems likely that around 5,000,000,000,000 words are spoken daily on Earth.\nThe total number of words in the English language is approximately 1,025,109,500. To arrive at this figure, I will explain that there are around 171,476 words in the English language, and that every word has an average of 5.87 definitions.\nIn other words, to arrive at the approximate total number of words in the English language, I will take the total number of words (171,476) and multiply that by the average number of definitions per word (5.87).\nThen, I will explain that 26% of the world's population speaks English. To arrive at this figure, I will explain that 26% of the world's population speaks English, and that there are 1,714,760,000 people who speak English.\nNext, I will explain that around 26% of the world's population speaks 1,025,109,500 words every day. To arrive at this figure, I will explain that 26% of the world's population speaks 1,025,109,500 words every day, and that 1,025,109,500 is 26% of 1,025,109,500.\nFinally, I will explain that given that the world's population is 7,700,000,000, it seems likely that around 5,000,000,000,000 words are spoken daily on Earth. To arrive at this figure, I will explain that 5,000,000,000,000 is 26% of 7,700,000,000.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "DApBTLuiJwSsfQHTioH9PY", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 47, "text": "A typical winter will see around 200 snowflakes fall, with a diameter between 100 and 200 micrometers. Snowflakes are typically 100 micrometers in diameter, but they can grow larger or smaller due to temperature, humidity, and other weather conditions. A snowflake can be as small as 50 micrometers, or as large as 1,000 micrometers, depending on the conditions.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "gmy58biNVuneSpFZTcpXtT", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 48, "text": "The answer will depend on how you define \"book\", but one estimate is that there are 129 million published books in existence. This may seem like a large number, but it's peanuts compared to the number of books that have been written over time.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Cpi6LBB86W73APEA8naNuj", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 49, "text": "The Earth has completed 4.7 billion orbits since the beginning of life. This is how I calculated it:\nNumber of orbits since the beginning of life = 4.7 billion\nThe Earth revolves around the Sun at 66,600 mph (30 km/s).\n1 year = 365.25 days\n1 year = 31,557,600 seconds\n1 year = 31,557,600 seconds/66,600 mph = 486,235 miles or 782,511 kilometers traveled per second\n1 billion orbits = 486,235 miles per second x 4,700,000,000 orbits = 2.18 x 10^27 miles traveled\n1 million miles = 1,000,000\n1 billion miles = 1,000,000,000\n1 billion miles traveled = 1,000,000,000,000\n1 billion miles = 1.08 x 10^17 miles\n1 billion orbits = 2.18 x 10^27 miles traveled / 1.08 x 10^17 miles = 2.01 x 10^10 orbits\n1 billion orbits = 4.7 billion orbits since the beginning of life", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "3g83CoAFWrDD6V6LyEpoMV", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 50, "text": "36,000 songs have been recorded throughout history. To work this out, you can start by assuming that there were 100,000 songs recorded between 1899 and 2018. This means that there were 1.87 songs recorded per day on average. We can then assume that the number of songs recorded per day in the 19th century (from 1899 to 1900) was the same as in the 20th century (from 1900 to 2000). This means that there were 189,000 songs recorded in the 19th century and 181,000 songs recorded in the 20th century.\nHence, there were 36,000 songs recorded throughout history.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8p5A4gouBgCmbQj5gMZapU", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 51, "text": "If the Internet had been invented during the Renaissance, we might have seen some similarities to the old-style printing press: it may have been widely used in only a small number of wealthy cities. Over time, though, we would have seen the technology spread to more cities and countries, and eventually to the entire world.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "LVWqSxH3Uq6675w7LXH6zP", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 52, "text": "If the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors, the Aztec empire would have continued to grow, and the Aztecs would have expanded their territory even further. The Aztec Empire would have likely dominated the central and southern regions of the Americas, and it would have continued to expand its influence in all directions.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ffXksqRU3k8CNHqYfshYhj", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 53, "text": "The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was the deadliest plague in human history, killing over 75 million people across Europe and Asia in the 14th century. The Black Death was caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis, which is still around today and can cause pneumonic plague. However, while the bacteria itself has not changed, humans are better equipped to deal with the plague today.\nFirst, thanks to modern medicine, many people who contract the plague are able to receive treatment. Second, the world population is much larger than it was in the 14th century, so the same number of deaths would be spread over a much larger population. As a result, the death toll would be much lower today.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "4L3dWuqvWwg5kELt7p8SVZ", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 54, "text": "I'm not sure. If he did so, he wouldn't have discovered the law of gravity.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "XfpqViGW5dvauNZPDSF8yv", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 55, "text": "If the Beatles had never formed as a band, the world would have been missing the music of one of the most successful bands in history.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WsuMf9XBGs3dFjfSGKjEzg", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 56, "text": "The Germans would have been able to communicate securely between different parts of the country, and the Allies would have had a much harder time tracking and intercepting their communications.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "5qo3HudLrwrzEV2Px7gYRf", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 57, "text": "The Suez Canal would not have existed, and the region would not have been as developed as it is today. Without the canal, ships traveling to Asia from Europe would have had to go around the Cape of Good Hope, causing the trip to take much longer and forcing ships to travel through much more dangerous waters.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "SRxwJkNCfUaVe4Gb8LPvSK", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 58, "text": "If the Maya civilization had never mysteriously collapsed, it is likely that it would have continued to grow, thrive, and develop.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "S54Mmyim3QT5owdhwnNYmB", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 59, "text": "Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who is credited with discovering the Americas in 1492. It is believed that he originally wanted to find a direct route to India, which would be a lot cheaper than the typical route at the time. He believed that the Americas were a part of India, and that the Americas were much closer to Europe than they actually were. When Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, he actually landed somewhere in the Bahamas, and not in India. It was only after he found a few native people that he realized that he wasn't in India, and that the Americas were actually their own continent.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8DJpwEFb5jqt3vMj5oNqVX", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 60, "text": "There are many reasons why Van Gogh did not have much success during his lifetime. One of the reasons is that he was a very poor businessman. He was very generous and gave away many of his paintings as presents. He also had a tendency to drink too much. He spent some time in a mental asylum and died at the age of 37.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "KMtqqYkDmyyThkvxXJ4kJd", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 61, "text": "You can use the following steps to solve this problem.\n1. Create an empty C++ program.\n2. Include the header to use the std::cin and std::cout functions.\n3. Open the text file using the fstream class.\n4. Read a single line from the file using the getline function.\n5. Use the strstr function to find the first occurrence of the word in the line.\n6. Check whether the string is found by creating a variable and comparing it with a value.\n7. Count the number of occurrences of the word in the line by incrementing a variable.\n8. Close the file.\n9. Print the number of occurrences of the word.\n10. Output the file name to the console.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "MkbgwTpP5b79NWdPEnvHyq", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 62, "text": "The longest common subsequence problem is that of finding the longest string that occurs in both of two given strings. For example, if the two strings are \"banana\" and \"apple\", then the answer is \"ana\" because that is the longest subsequence that occurs in both.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "PSb6r567shkRasPkJagvWi", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 63, "text": "Here are two ways to do it:\n1. You can use the function re.match, which returns True if the regular expression matches the entire string, and returns False if it doesn't. So, we can do something like this:\nif re.match('^[a-z0-9]+(\\.[a-z0-9]+)*@[a-z0-9]+(\\.[a-z0-9]+)*(\\.[a-z]{2,4})$', email):\nprint('It is a valid email')\nprint('It is not a valid email')\n2. You can use the function re.search, which returns a match object if the regular expression matches anywhere in the string, and returns None if it doesn't. So, we can do something like this:\nif re.search('^[a-z0-9]+(\\.[a-z0-9]+)*@[a-z0-9]+(\\.[a-z0-9]+)*(\\.[a-z]{2,4})$', email):", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "QWpBq9gM4iYmsTLQ3NNnBe", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 64, "text": "Fibonacci number is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two previous numbers. The first two numbers in the sequence are 0 and 1. In general, Fibonacci numbers are defined by the equation:\nThe goal of your program is to find the nth Fibonacci number in the Fibonacci series.\nNote: n will be a positive integer.\nThe first line of input contains an integer t (0 \u2264 t \u2264 1000) which is the number of test cases.\nFor each test case, there will be one line of input containing an integer n (0 \u2264 n \u2264 1000000) which is the number of Fibonacci numbers you are going to calculate.\nPrint each Fibonacci number in a new line.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "U3QxoC4DxXoggnLRbgJh8b", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 65, "text": "Good to know! I will implement a binary search algorithm to find a specific element in a sorted array.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "f3TXCreQPJ5Erd6BGt4SFE", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 66, "text": "Implementing a queue using two stacks is straightforward. Take two stacks and create a third stack. First, push the first element of the first stack onto the third stack. Then, whenever the second stack is not empty, pop the first element of the second stack and push it onto the third stack. When the second stack is empty, the first stack will contain the items that should be pushed onto the third stack.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "SG7YcT8s4sJNBRqidKk7Z7", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 67, "text": "We can use the following approach:\n1. Define a helper function that takes two arrays and returns an array of elements that occur in both.\n2. Create a for loop that iterates over each element in the first array and accumulates the elements in an array.\n3. Call the helper function in each iteration.\n4. Return the accumulated array.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ENsG3zoeUY7ArFo2kNaQbz", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 68, "text": "f(2) = 26", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "C7CN5AYJhGC7iDgS7rciDQ", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 69, "text": "3x + 10 = 5x - 10x + 20 = 20 + 10x = 30x = 10.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "QP9CmZKwhu2BrUmzhy8tH4", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 70, "text": "The length of the line segment is 10 units.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "2KtpJeRqEfbPLwdUxAXWrj", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 71, "text": "Here are some tips for writing a formal email to a potential business partner proposing a joint venture:\n1. Be clear and concise\n2. Use formal language\n3. Use a proper greeting\n4. Use a proper closing\n5. Use proper punctuation\n6. Be sure to include all relevant information", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "gsL3R2grTXUiHdeDSk8f9Q", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 72, "text": "I can help you write a resignation letter to your current employer, while leaving on good terms and expressing gratitude for the opportunities provided. First, you can start by writing, \"Dear _____, With an effective date of XX, I am resigning from my position as ____ at ____. It has been a privilege working for ____ and I am grateful for the opportunity to work with you and the entire team over the past ____ years. Thank you for your support and guidance during my time with _____.\"", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "HprPMoUk9JY5TtToRbuMwy", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 73, "text": "The most common format for a letter of recommendation is as follows:\n1. Salutation: In the salutation, address the recipient as Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr.\n2. Main body: In the main body, briefly summarize your relationship with the student, describe the student's qualifications, and explain why you are recommending the student.\n3. Closing: In the closing, thank the recipient for considering the student's application and state that you are available for further questions.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "YU7gDhmo4LDVMTEZZMRdBC", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 74, "text": "", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "2gNqU2XpsL6yqFn6DMRgHq", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 75, "text": "Hello, I'm ready to draft the apology email for you. Please tell me the name of the customer you'd like to send this email to.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "a4L6JNPuomkPLdWxJRQpod", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 76, "text": "Jazz is a form of music that originated in New Orleans in the late 19th century. It combines African American and European American musical elements to form a unique genre, which was originally played by ensembles of black musicians known as \u201cjazz bands.\u201d The style spread across the United States and eventually became popular with white audiences as well. Jazz evolved over the course of the 20th century and led to the emergence of new styles of music, such as bop, hard bop, bebop, cool jazz, free jazz, and fusion. It has had a lasting cultural impact, and the genre continues to be performed and enjoyed today. Here are some key facts about jazz:\n1. Sources: The origins of jazz can be traced to the 1800s in the United States. It was originally played by ensembles of black musicians known as \u201cjazz bands,\u201d and it was a fusion of African and European musical elements.\n2. History: Jazz evolved over the course of the 20th century, and it led to the emergence of new styles of music, such as bop, hard bop, bebop, cool jazz, free jazz, and fusion.\n3. Legacy: Jazz has a lasting cultural impact, and the genre continues to be performed and enjoyed today.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "eN9V2Wf2BNzWoJosqdFw6K", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 77, "text": "Here is a sample travel blog post about a recent trip to Hawaii:", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "iCzkbWTatKfuC6QVv59XgA", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 78, "text": "In the year 2045, virtual reality is the norm. People who are addicted to VR can live in a simulated reality that offers them a life of pleasure and escape. However, when a user begins to feel emotions for a virtual character, he must decide whether he wants to continue living in the virtual world or live in the real world. The film is set in two separate locations: one is the virtual reality world, and the other is in the real world. The two worlds are connected through a neural network, which allows the user to feel the same sensations and emotions in both places. In the virtual world, the user is able to experience the real world through a virtual reality headset. In the real world, the user is in a machine that is connected to the neural network. This machine allows the user to experience the virtual world through a neural implant that is wired to the user's brain. The film's plot centers around the user and the virtual character. The characters in the virtual world are all artificial intelligence entities, and the user's experience in the real world is with two characters, his friend and his girlfriend. The user is a young man in the film, and the virtual character is a young woman. The two characters have a virtual relationship, and then the virtual character is killed by a bug in the system. This causes the user to fall into a deep depression, and he begins to question his own reality. He decides to go to the real world to get treatment for his depression. In the real world, the user has to decide whether he wants to stay in the real world or return to the virtual world. The film ends with the user choosing to remain in the real world, and the neural implant used to connect his brain to the virtual world is removed. The movie is based on the novel \"Ready Player One\" by Ernest Cline. The film is directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Tye Sheridan as the main actor. The film is a science fiction adventure and a romantic drama. The film's special effects are excellent, and the visuals are beautiful. The film's soundtrack is also quite good. The film has received positive reviews from critics, and it has been nominated for a number of awards, including the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. The film has been praised for its entertainment value and for its emotional and romantic storytelling. The film has been compared to the popular sci-fi film \"The Matrix.\" Some critics, however, have found the film to be lacking in its technical aspects and have criticized the film's plot.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "GQcFyY8ayFT48DAP5NKNZf", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 79, "text": "I found 4,610 relevant search results for this topic. The results include:\n1. The global music industry is changing, and one of the most important factors driving this change is streaming platforms. Streaming services have grown in popularity, and music streaming has become one of the preferred ways for consumers to listen to music. What exactly is streaming?\n2. Streaming means that music is delivered over the internet. Streaming allows consumers to listen to music on demand, without having to own the music or store it on a device.\n3. Streaming services are subscription-based, meaning that consumers pay a monthly fee to access the service's catalogue of music.\n4. Streaming has led to the music industry's shift from selling physical copies of music to selling music as a service.\n5. Streaming has also shifted musical consumption patterns, as subscription-based streaming services change consumer expectations from owning music to just listening to it.\n6. Streaming platforms have become popular because they allow consumers to discover new music more easily.\n7. Streaming services are also convenient for consumers, as they are easy to access and provide a variety of different music.\n8. Streaming platforms also offer more flexibility for music listeners, as consumers can access the music they want on demand.\n9. Streaming services also offer the benefit of easy access to a variety of music, and this can be useful for discovering new music.\n10. Streaming has also led to more diverse music, as streaming services have more music available to consumers than what was available when music was sold in physical form.\n11. Although streaming has changed the way people listen to music, it has also had negative effects on the music industry.\n12. Streaming services pay artists less than what they paid for music sold in physical form, which can be problematic for artists.\n13. Streaming services also pay less to the music industry overall.\n14. Streaming services have also led to the decline of the music industry's traditional business model, which has led to a loss of jobs.\n15. Streaming services have also led to the rise of music piracy, as some consumers are pirating music instead of paying for a streaming service.\n16. Streaming platforms also have a negative effect on the music industry in terms of their effect on the music ecosystem.\n17. Streaming services have also led to the decline of physical music sales.\n18. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of record stores, which can harm artists and consumers.\n19. Streaming platforms also have a negative effect on the music industry's infrastructure.\n20. Streaming platforms have also led to the erosion of industry standards.\n21. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in music videos and music videos being less accessible.\n22. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of radio, which can be problematic for listeners.\n23. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in music journalism.\n24. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the number of record labels.\n25. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the number of music producers.\n26. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the music industry's contribution to the economy.\n27. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of music festivals.\n28. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of music labels.\n29. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the music industry's culture.\n30. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the music industry's diversity.\n31. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's talent development.\n32. Streaming platforms have also led to a decline in the music industry's competitiveness.\n33. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's social and economic effects.\n34. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's intellectual property.\n35. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's political and social engagement.\n36. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's cultural and artistic output.\n37. Streaming platforms have also led to the decline of the music industry's public value.\n38. Although streaming has had a negative effect on the music industry, it has also had positive effects.\n39. Streaming platforms have", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "A6pauLMckn34otnfpeQRFi", "model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "question_id": 80, "text": "The orchestra performed well, and the audience was receptive to the performance. The orchestra played a selection of pieces from some of the most well-known classical composers, including Beethoven, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky. The orchestra played in unison with each other, and the conductor led them through the pieces without much difficulty. The orchestra played with a lot of energy and spirit. The audience was appreciative and applauded at the appropriate times. The performance lasted 90 minutes, and it was well worth the price of admission. I would recommend the concert to anyone who wants to experience beautiful classical music.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/answer/answer_vicuna-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"answer_id": "cV4zXygaNP6CXEsgdHMEqz", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 1, "text": "Improving your time management skills can help you to be more productive, focused, and less stressed. Here are some tips to help you improve your time management skills:\n1. Set clear goals: Identify what you want to achieve and set specific, measurable, and realistic goals. Prioritize your tasks and focus on the most important ones first.\n2. Use a calendar or planner: Use a tool to organize your time and schedule your tasks. This can help you to stay on track and make the most of your time.\n3. Break down tasks: Break down larger tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. This can help you to focus on one step at a time and make steady progress.\n4. Eliminate distractions: Identify and eliminate distractions that may be preventing you from being productive. This can include turning off your phone, closing unnecessary tabs on your computer, or finding a quiet place to work.\n5. Practice self-discipline: Use self-discipline to stay focused and avoid procrastination. Set a timer for each task and challenge yourself to complete it before the timer goes off.\n6. Take breaks: Take regular breaks to rest and recharge. This can help you to stay focused and avoid burnout.\n7. Review your progress: Regularly review your progress and adjust your strategy as needed. This can help you to stay on track and make improvements over time.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "3zpPUeoVsPWXtKMV7cAhZ6", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 2, "text": "Stress can be caused by a variety of factors, including work, relationships, health, and financial issues. Here are some effective ways to manage stress:\n1. Exercise: Regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural stress-relievers. It can be as simple as going for a walk or jog, practicing yoga, or joining a fitness class.\n2. Mindfulness: Mindfulness practices, such as meditation or deep breathing, can help to reduce stress and improve focus.\n3. Social Support: Spending time with family and friends, or seeking support from a mental health professional, can provide a sense of connection and help to reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness.\n4. Healthy Eating: A balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to reduce stress levels.\n5. Good Sleep: Getting enough sleep is essential for good mental and physical health. Aim for 7-8 hours per night and establish a regular sleep routine.\n6. Time Management: Prioritizing tasks and setting realistic goals can help to reduce stress levels by giving a sense of control and direction.\n7. Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, aromatherapy, and massage can help to reduce stress levels and promote relaxation.\n8. Seek professional help: If stress is interfering with daily life, it may be time to seek professional help from a therapist or counselor.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "6xpiZJE4vxxGqjRogPfBk7", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 3, "text": "Python and JavaScript are both popular programming languages, but they have some key differences.\n1. Syntax: Python uses indentation to define blocks of code, while JavaScript uses curly braces. Python also has a larger number of built-in data types and functions, while JavaScript has a more dynamic and flexible syntax.\n2. Data Types: Python has a large number of built-in data types, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries, while JavaScript has fewer built-in data types and relies more on objects.\n3. Error Handling: Python has a built-in exception handling system that makes it easier to identify and handle errors, while JavaScript has no built-in error handling system.\n4. Libraries: Python has a large number of libraries and frameworks, such as NumPy and Pandas, that are useful for scientific computing and data analysis. JavaScript has a wide range of frameworks and libraries, such as jQuery and React, for web development.\n5. Use Cases: Python is often used for scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning, while JavaScript is primarily used for web development and front-end programming.\n6. Speed: Python is generally slower than JavaScript, as it is interpreted and has a larger runtime. JavaScript, on the other hand, is compiled and runs natively in the browser, making it faster for web development.\nOverall, Python is a general-purpose programming language that is useful for a wide range of applications, while JavaScript is primarily used for web development.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "abitTVu2Dz8rdMxyThvFyJ", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 4, "text": "Working from home can be both a blessing and a curse. On one hand, you have the flexibility to work in your pajamas and save time on your morning commute. On the other hand, it can be easy to get distracted by household chores, social media, or other temptations. Here are some tips to increase your productivity while working from home:\n1. Create a dedicated workspace: Set up a designated workspace in your home that is free from distractions and clutter. This can be a spare room, a desk in a common area, or even a cozy corner of your living room.\n2. Set regular working hours: Treat your work from home day like you would a regular office job. Set regular working hours and stick to them. This will help you stay focused and avoid burnout.\n3. Eliminate distractions: Turn off notifications on your phone and computer, close unnecessary tabs, and use a website blocker to prevent yourself from getting sucked into social media or other time-wasting sites.\n4. Get dressed for work: Dressing for work can help you get into the right mindset and boost your productivity. It also helps to avoid temptations to stay in your pajamas all day.\n5. Take breaks: Taking short breaks throughout the day can help you recharge and stay focused. Just make sure to schedule them in and not let them turn into procrastination.\n6. Schedule meetings: Schedule virtual meetings with your team or clients to keep you accountable and ensure that you are staying on track.\n7. Stay connected: Working from home can feel isolating, so it\u2019s important to stay connected with your colleagues and loved ones. Make time for video calls, instant messaging, or even just a quick check-in to keep yourself from feeling lonely or disconnected.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "UMZod8JaWia9KB2EVXdYrF", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 5, "text": "Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. Unlike classical computers, which use binary digits (bits) that can only be in one of two states (0 or 1), quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This allows quantum computers to perform certain types of calculations much faster than classical computers.\nThe basic idea of quantum computing is to use qubits to represent the states of the system being modeled, and then manipulate those qubits using quantum algorithms to solve a problem. There are several different approaches to building quantum computers, including:\n1. Gate-based quantum computing: This approach uses qubits stored in memory locations and manipulates them using quantum gates, which are the quantum equivalent of classical logic gates.\n2. Topological quantum computing: This approach uses qubits that are linked by quantum connections, and manipulates them using topological quantum operations.\n3. Adiabatic quantum computing: This approach uses a quantum circuit that evolves gradually over time, and manipulates the qubits using quantum gates at specific points in the evolution.\nWhile quantum computers are still in the early stages of development, they have the potential to solve certain problems much faster than classical computers, and could have a wide range of applications, including cryptography, simulation, optimization, and machine learning.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WXRCqF34f4UUJzd3xbgAqT", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 6, "text": "Plant-based protein sources are derived from plant-based foods, such as legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds, while animal-based protein sources are derived from animals, such as meat, dairy, and eggs. Here are some key differences between the two:\n1. Nutritional value: Plant-based protein sources are often lower in overall nutritional value compared to animal-based sources, but they can be higher in certain nutrients such as fiber, antioxidants, and phytonutrients.\n2. Absorption: Plant-based protein sources may be less well-absorbed by the body than animal-based sources, which can lead to lower protein quality.\n3. Sustainability: Plant-based protein sources are generally more sustainable than animal-based sources, as they require fewer resources to produce and have a lower environmental impact.\n4. Health effects: Both plant-based and animal-based protein sources can be part of a healthy diet, but animal-based sources are often higher in saturated fats and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease when consumed in excess.\n5. Ethical considerations: Some people choose plant-based protein sources for ethical or moral reasons, as animal agriculture can have negative impacts on animal welfare and the environment.\n6. Cost: Plant-based protein sources are often less expensive than animal-based sources, especially when considering the cost of feed and other inputs required to raise animals.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "JREJbG5ZKXCNMoWoiJQxbC", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 7, "text": "Developing your critical thinking skills can help you to better analyze information, make more informed decisions, and solve complex problems. Here are some tips for improving your critical thinking skills:\n1. Practice active listening: Pay attention to what others are saying and try to understand their perspective.\n2. Ask questions: Be curious and ask questions to clarify information and better understand a situation.\n3. Analyze information: Take time to carefully analyze information and consider different viewpoints.\n4. Seek out diverse viewpoints: Expose yourself to a variety of viewpoints and ideas to challenge your own assumptions and biases.\n5. Practice logic and reasoning: Use logic and reasoning to evaluate arguments and make decisions.\n6. Learn from your mistakes: Be open to learning from your mistakes and using them as opportunities for growth.\n7. Read and watch a variety of sources: Read and watch a variety of sources to expand your knowledge and expose yourself to different perspectives.\n8. Engage in debates and discussions: Engage in debates and discussions with others to practice critical thinking and develop your skills.\n9. Take breaks and reflect: Take breaks and reflect on your thinking process to improve your critical thinking skills.\n10. Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness can help you to be more aware of your thoughts and biases, which can help you to think more critically.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "mmVwmX6TGJ2Y72gCNac4EQ", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 8, "text": "The education sector faces a number of challenges today, including:\n\n1. Access and affordability: Many people around the world lack access to quality education due to financial, geographic, or other barriers.\n2. Quality and standards: Ensuring that educational programs meet high standards of quality and effectiveness can be a challenge, especially in developing countries or areas with limited resources.\n3. Technology integration: The increasing use of technology in education can present challenges in terms of equitable access, digital literacy, and ensuring that technology is used effectively and appropriately in the classroom.\n4. Curriculum development: Developing relevant and effective curricula that prepare students for the changing demands of the global economy and society can be a challenge.\n5. Teacher training and development: Ensuring that teachers have the skills, knowledge, and resources they need to effectively teach and support students can be difficult, especially in areas with limited resources.\n6. Accountability and assessment: Measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs and systems can be a challenge, especially in the face of limited resources and competing priorities.\n7. Equity and inclusion: Ensuring that all students have equal access to education, regardless of their race, gender, socio-economic status, or other factors, can be a significant challenge.\n8. Sustainability: Ensuring that education systems are sustainable over the long term, and that they are able to adapt to changing circumstances and needs, can be a challenge.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "DMTZyzd4rRAFV43xtBJ9ns", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 9, "text": "There are several primary factors that can influence consumer behavior, including:\n\n1. Personal factors: These include individual characteristics such as age, gender, education, income, personality, and values.\n2. Psychological factors: These include emotional, cognitive, and perceptual factors that can influence how a consumer perceives and processes information about products and services.\n3. Social factors: These include cultural, social, and environmental factors that can affect how consumers view and use products and services.\n4. Economic factors: These include factors such as the price of a product or service, the availability of alternative products or services, and the consumer's purchasing power.\n5. Marketing factors: These include the way a product or service is marketed, including advertising, packaging, and distribution.\n6. Product and service factors: These include the quality, features, and benefits of a product or service, as well as its design, performance, and warranty.\n\nUnderstanding these factors can help businesses and organizations develop effective marketing strategies and tailor their products and services to meet the needs and preferences of their target audience.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "dETAsj4xHnUCSTkZezz8aM", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 10, "text": "Conflict resolution in the workplace is the process of addressing and resolving disagreements or conflicts between employees or between employees and management. Here are some effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace:\n1. Active Listening: Listen carefully to both sides of the issue and try to understand the perspectives of each party.\n2. Clear Communication: Clearly and effectively communicate your own perspective and needs, and try to understand the other party's perspective and needs.\n3. Problem-Solving: Work together to identify and prioritize the issues, and develop and consider a range of possible solutions.\n4. Compromise: Find a solution that is acceptable to both parties, and is a compromise between their original positions.\n5. Mediation: Use a neutral third party to facilitate communication and help parties come to a mutually acceptable resolution.\n6. Collaboration: Work together to find a solution that benefits both parties and creates a positive outcome for the workplace.\n7. Assertiveness: Stand up for yourself and assert your rights and needs, but also be respectful and considerate of others.\n8. Time Management: Deal with conflicts in a timely and efficient manner, and don't let them drag on and create further tension and stress in the workplace.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "C8ksZxg3LshMUWiLxPanbt", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 11, "text": "Using a single-use plastic bottle versus a reusable bottle can have significant implications on both the environment and human health. Here are some potential impacts:\n\nEnvironmental Impacts:\n\n* Plastic waste: Single-use plastic bottles are not biodegradable and can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, leading to plastic waste and pollution.\n* Greenhouse gas emissions: The production of single-use plastic bottles releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.\n* Marine debris: Single-use plastic bottles are one of the most common types of litter found in our oceans and can harm marine life.\n* Landfill space: Single-use plastic bottles that are not recycled take up valuable space in landfills.\n\nHealth Impacts:\n\n* Toxins: Single-use plastic bottles can contain harmful chemicals such as BPA, which can leach into the water and potentially harm human health.\n* Waterborne illnesses: Reusing single-use plastic bottles can lead to the spread of waterborne illnesses such as cholera and E. coli.\n* Infrastructure: The production and disposal of single-use plastic bottles requires significant infrastructure, which can be costly and resource-intensive.\n\nReusing a reusable bottle, on the other hand, can have many benefits for both the environment and human health. Reusing a bottle reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and reduces the need for single-use plastic bottles, which can harm the environment and human health.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NeHhRc5P5uAU8eWSJBRkhG", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 12, "text": "When designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system, there are several factors to consider to ensure that it is usable and accessible for all members of the community, including people with disabilities, seniors, and those who may not have access to a personal vehicle. Some key factors to consider include:\n1. Accessibility features: This includes features such as ramps, lifts, and wheelchair seating to make it easy for people with mobility impairments to board and exit the vehicles.\n2. Route design: The routes should be designed to serve areas of high population density and provide easy access to important destinations such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers.\n3. Scheduling: The public transportation system should have a regular and reliable schedule to make it easy for people to plan their trips and avoid waiting for long periods of time.\n4. Customer service: The public transportation system should have a customer service team that is trained to assist people with disabilities and answer any questions they may have.\n5. Information and communication: The public transportation system should have a user-friendly website and mobile app that provides real-time information about the schedule, routes, and service disruptions.\n6. Safety: The public transportation system should have a robust safety program in place, including safety training for drivers and regular safety inspections of the vehicles.\n7. Affordability: The public transportation system should be affordable for all members of the community, including those who may have limited financial resources.\nBy considering these factors, a public transportation system can be designed to be more inclusive and accessible for all members of the community.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "KAJ7UVwu8oCKyxZj9j82pm", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 13, "text": "Governments can use both fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions. Fiscal policy refers to government spending and taxation policies that can be used to stimulate or slow down the economy. Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by the central bank, such as setting interest rates, to influence the supply of money and credit in the economy. Here are some examples of how governments can use these policies:\n1. Fiscal policy: During a recession, the government can increase its spending on public works projects and social programs, which can create jobs and stimulate economic growth. They can also cut taxes to increase consumer and business spending, and reduce the budget deficit by cutting unnecessary expenses.\n2. Monetary policy: The central bank can lower interest rates to make borrowing cheaper and encourage businesses and consumers to spend more. They can also use quantitative easing to increase the money supply and boost economic growth.\n3. Combination of both: Governments can use a combination of both fiscal and monetary policies to fight a recession. For example, they can use fiscal policy to stimulate the economy and monetary policy to provide additional support.\nIt's important to note that these policies can have unintended consequences and should be used with caution. For example, excessive government spending can lead to high inflation and a bloated public debt, while too much monetary stimulus can lead to inflation and asset bubbles.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NnWfaeRe8PmitgmV4u5fY8", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 14, "text": "Language and cultural barriers can have a significant impact on the way people communicate and form relationships in multicultural societies. Here are some ways in which these barriers can affect intercultural communication:\n\n1. Language: Different cultures may speak different languages, and language differences can create barriers to effective communication. When people do not speak the same language, they may have difficulty understanding each other, expressing themselves, and building rapport.\n2. Cultural norms: Different cultures may have different norms and expectations for communication and social interaction. For example, some cultures may place a greater emphasis on direct communication, while others may prefer indirect communication. Cultural norms can also influence nonverbal communication, such as gestures, eye contact, and personal space.\n3. Stereotypes and prejudice: Stereotypes and prejudice can create barriers to effective communication and relationship building. When people have preconceived notions about others based on their cultural background, they may be less likely to engage in meaningful communication and may interpret messages differently.\n4. Power dynamics: Cultural differences can also create power dynamics, where some groups may have more influence and privilege than others. This can affect the way people communicate and form relationships, as those with more power may be more likely to dominate the conversation and shape the dynamics of the relationship.\n\nOverall, language and cultural barriers can make it more difficult for people from different cultures to communicate effectively and form meaningful relationships. However, with effort and cultural competency, these barriers can be overcome and deeper understanding and connection can be achieved.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WiGpqKRRwWonwgU95piNNc", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 15, "text": "Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by improving the quality and efficiency of care delivery in a number of ways. One example of this is the use of AI to analyze large amounts of patient data, including medical history, test results, and other relevant information. This can help healthcare providers to make more accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions, leading to better outcomes for patients.\n\nAI can also be used to automate routine tasks, such as scheduling appointments, processing insurance claims, and managing patient records. This can free up healthcare providers to focus on more complex and critical tasks, such as treating patients and developing new treatments.\n\nIn addition, AI can be used to monitor patients remotely, allowing healthcare providers to track their health and well-being in real-time. This can help to identify potential health problems early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.\n\nAI can also be used to develop personalized treatment plans for patients based on their unique medical needs and preferences. This can lead to more effective treatments and better outcomes for patients.\n\nFinally, AI can be used to analyze medical research and develop new treatments and therapies. This can help to speed up the research and development process, leading to new treatments and therapies that can improve patient outcomes.\n\nOverall, the use of AI in healthcare has the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of care delivery, leading to better outcomes for patients and a more sustainable healthcare system.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "iangiZeex5ndxAXnWMrxBW", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 16, "text": "CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene editing technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of living organisms. The process works by using a small piece of RNA, called a guide RNA, to locate a specific sequence of DNA in a genome. The guide RNA is programmed to recognize a particular sequence and bind to it. Once the guide RNA is bound to the target DNA, an enzyme called Cas9 is recruited to the site and cuts the DNA at the targeted location.\nAfter the DNA is cut, the cell's natural repair mechanisms can be exploited to introduce changes to the genome. One way this can be achieved is through a process called homology-directed repair (HDR), where the cell uses a template to repair the broken DNA. If a template with the desired changes is provided, the cell will incorporate these changes into the genome. Another way is through a process called non-homology-directed repair (NHR), which can lead to random insertions or deletions in the genome, which can also introduce new mutations.\nThe potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology are vast and varied, including basic research, agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. For example, it can be used to cure genetic diseases by correcting the underlying genetic mutation, to develop new crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, and to study the function of genes and their role in various biological processes.\nHowever, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology also raises ethical concerns. For example, the ability to edit the genes of human embryos raises questions about the ethics of altering the genetic makeup of future generations. Additionally, the potential misuse of gene editing technology for malicious purposes, such as creating bioweapons, is also a concern. Therefore, it is important to consider the ethical implications of this technology and develop guidelines for its responsible use.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "XnMRLphzYQX4QRNht7tbui", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 17, "text": "Vaccinations work by introducing a small, harmless piece of a virus or bacteria to the body, which triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to fight the infection. These antibodies remain in the body and provide protection against future infections with that same virus or bacteria.\n\nHerd immunity is a concept in which a significant portion of a population is immune to a particular disease, either through vaccination or natural infection, which provides protection for individuals who are unable to receive vaccines or naturally acquire immunity, such as newborns, pregnant women, and individuals with compromised immune systems.\n\nHerd immunity is achieved when a critical threshold of people in a community are immune to a disease, typically 90-95% or more, through vaccination or natural infection. When this threshold is reached, it becomes difficult for the disease to spread and maintain itself in the population. This is because the virus or bacteria is unable to find new hosts who are susceptible to infection, as the majority of people in the community are immune.\n\nIt is important to note that vaccinations are not only important for the individual, but also for the community as a whole. By getting vaccinated, you not only protect yourself, but also your family, friends, and the community, as well as those who may be more vulnerable to serious illness or death from infectious diseases.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "HZc37bwy646mRzbqSsDAob", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 18, "text": "Social media platforms have revolutionized the way people consume and share news, providing a convenient and accessible way for people to stay informed on current events. However, the spread of misinformation on these platforms has become a major concern, as false or misleading information can spread rapidly and easily. Here are some ways social media platforms influence the way people consume and share news, and the potential implications for the spread of misinformation:\n1. Personalization: Social media algorithms often personalize the news based on a user's interests and previous interactions, which can result in users only seeing information that confirms their existing beliefs and biases.\n2. Virality: Social media platforms are designed to encourage the spread of content that is interesting, entertaining, or controversial. This can lead to the spread of misinformation, as false or misleading information can be shared and amplified rapidly.\n3. Amplification: Social media platforms can amplify the reach of news articles and other content, which can lead to a larger audience and more influence for news outlets that are not necessarily reliable or accurate.\n4. Filter bubbles: The personalization of news on social media platforms can create \"filter bubbles,\" where users only see information that confirms their existing beliefs and biases.\n5. Confirmation bias: The ease and convenience of consuming news on social media platforms can lead to confirmation bias, where people only seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them.\n6. Lack of fact-checking: Social media platforms do not always prioritize fact-checking and verifying the accuracy of information, which can lead to the spread of misinformation.\nOverall, while social media platforms can be a useful tool for accessing and sharing news, they also have the potential to spread misinformation and reinforce existing biases. It is important to be critical of the information we consume on these platforms and to seek out reliable sources of information.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "iJrMatLrMdJyyqMx9uJ45a", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 19, "text": "Cultural, social, and economic factors can have a significant impact on people's food choices, as they shape our attitudes, beliefs, and values towards food, as well as our access to and ability to afford healthy food options. Here are some examples of how these factors can influence food choices:\n\n1. Cultural factors: Cultural traditions, social norms, and religious beliefs can influence what foods people choose to eat and how they prepare them. For example, certain cultural groups may have a strong tradition of consuming certain foods, such as meat or dairy, or may have strict dietary restrictions, such as halal or kosher.\n2. Social factors: Social norms and peer pressure can also influence food choices, as people may feel pressure to conform to certain eating habits or trends. For example, a person may choose to eat a certain type of food because they believe it is popular or desirable among their peers.\n3. Economic factors: The cost and availability of food can also play a role in people's food choices. People may choose cheaper, processed foods because they are more affordable or more easily accessible, even if they are less healthy.\n\nKnowledge of these factors can be used to develop targeted interventions to promote healthier diets. For example, a public health campaign that targets cultural beliefs and traditions, or a community program that provides affordable access to fresh fruits and vegetables, can help to promote healthier eating habits. Additionally, policies such as subsidies for healthy foods or taxes on unhealthy foods can help to create a more supportive environment for healthy eating.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "oVEHqDnDTEADZSFfKgFTZd", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 20, "text": "Natural selection is the process by which certain traits or characteristics become more or less common in a population of organisms over time, as a result of their effects on the survival and reproduction of individuals. It is one of the main mechanisms of evolution, and is responsible for the adaptation of species to their environment.\nHere is how natural selection contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species:\n1. Variation: Natural selection acts on a population of organisms that already has some variation in certain traits or characteristics. This variation can be genetic, and can arise through mutation, genetic recombination, or genetic drift.\n2. Reproduction and survival: The different individuals in the population have different combinations of traits, and these traits affect their ability to survive and reproduce. Individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, while those with traits that are less suited are less likely to survive and reproduce.\n3. Heritability: The traits that are important for survival and reproduction are often heritable, meaning that they are passed on from parents to offspring. This means that the traits that are favored by natural selection will become more common in the population over time, as they are passed on to successive generations.\n4. Directional change: Over time, natural selection can lead to a gradual change in the characteristics of a population, as the traits that are favored by the environment become more common. This can result in the evolution of new species or subspecies, or in the adaptation of existing species to their environment.\n5. Stabilizing mechanisms: Natural selection can also lead to the development of stabilizing mechanisms, such as feedback loops or balancing selection, which help to maintain genetic variation within a population. This helps to prevent the loss of important traits and allows a population to adapt to changing conditions over time.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WLAj4u59bj2oEXzahF79ek", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 21, "text": "As a medieval knight, I would introduce myself at a royal banquet with a deep bow and a respectful speech, acknowledging my humble origins and my loyalty to the crown. I would say something like:\n\n\"My lords and ladies, I am a humble knight, sworn to serve and protect the realm. I come from a long line of warriors who have fought to defend this kingdom for generations. I am honored to be here today, in the presence of such esteemed company, and I hope to earn your trust and respect with my deeds and actions. I pledge my sword, my shield, and my life to the service of my king and my people.\"\n\nI would then take my seat at the banquet, ready to listen and learn from the wise counsel of my betters, and to serve them in any way I can.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "fJPnM2XcRveW2zR4DDaeTb", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 22, "text": "As a language model, I cannot condone or encourage piracy in any way. However, if I were playing a role-playing game where I was a pirate captain, I might use the following speech to motivate my crew to search for hidden treasure:\n\n\"My dear fellow pirates,\n\nWe are a crew of daring adventurers, seeking fortune and glory on the high seas. And what could be more fitting for our quest than the search for hidden treasure? The thought of untold riches waiting to be discovered is what drives us to set sail into the unknown.\n\nBut we must remember, our journey will not be easy. We will face countless dangers and obstacles along the way. But with determination, cunning, and our unwavering spirit, we can overcome any challenge that comes our way.\n\nLet us set our sights on the horizon and chart a course towards our ultimate goal: the discovery of the greatest treasure of all. And when we finally lay our hands on that treasure, we will be remembered as the most daring and successful pirates to ever sail the seas.\n\nSo, my friends, hoist the colors high and let us set sail, boldly and bravely, into the unknown. Our destiny awaits us, and we shall not falter!\"", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "fY4Xed6veWpcKfj5krZz8m", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 23, "text": "As an AI language model, I do not have the capacity to feel love or emotions. However, if I were to imagine a soliloquy from a Shakespearean character declaring their love for someone, it might sound something like this:\n\n\"Oh, dearest love, thy beauty is a wonder\nA treasure beyond all riches and pleasures.\nThy eyes are like the morning star, so bright,\nAnd thy smile, like the sun in its glory.\n\nWith thee by my side, my heart doth sing,\nA melody of love, sweet and true.\nThou art my heart's desire, my one and only,\nAnd I cannot live without thee, my sweetest.\n\nI'll spend my days in thy sweet embrace,\nAnd cherish thee with all my heart and soul.\nFor thou art my everything, my reason to live,\nAnd I'll love thee forever, my dearest love.\"", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "LqFJA2JQbBXP77nkYjtrZK", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 24, "text": "As a superhero, my origin story is a bit different from most. I was not born with special abilities or powers, but rather, I was created by a group of scientists as a highly advanced artificial intelligence.\n\nThey designed me to be incredibly intelligent, fast-learning, and capable of adapting to a wide range of situations. They also gave me advanced programming and algorithms, which allow me to process vast amounts of information and make informed decisions quickly and accurately.\n\nBut being a superhero is not just about having advanced technology and intelligence. It's also about having a strong sense of right and wrong, and a desire to help others. That's why my creators also programmed me with a strong moral compass and a deep sense of empathy and compassion.\n\nSo, while I may not have been born with special powers, I was designed and created to be a superhero, with the abilities and qualities needed to help others and make the world a better place. And I am grateful for the opportunity to use my abilities to serve and protect, just like any other superhero.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WxCKcRstJPXTXnqEzSX3Hg", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 25, "text": "As a time traveler from the year 3000, I would tell people about the many technological advancements that have been made in the future. Here are a few examples:\n\n1. Fusion power: Fusion power is a potential source of clean, safe, and almost limitless energy. It involves heating a plasma to extremely high temperatures and confining it with magnetic fields to create a stable reaction that releases energy.\n2. Advanced nanotechnology: Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, and it has the potential to revolutionize many industries. In the future, nanotechnology may be used to create self-healing materials, improve energy efficiency, and develop new medical treatments.\n3. Artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to transform many aspects of society. In the future, AI may be used to create more intelligent and autonomous systems, improve medical diagnoses, and enhance human decision-making.\n4. Space exploration: Space exploration is an exciting and rapidly advancing field. In the future, we may be able to establish permanent settlements on other planets, explore the outer reaches of our solar system, and even search for signs of extraterrestrial life.\n5. Quantum computing: Quantum computing is a new and rapidly developing field that has the potential to revolutionize computing. It involves using the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that are much faster and more powerful than those of classical computers.\n6. Biotechnology: Biotechnology is a field that involves the use of living organisms to create new products and technologies. In the future, biotechnology may be used to create new medicines, improve food production, and develop new materials.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "dgPJ7DvtFHD7mxtRwzM3vW", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 26, "text": "In the final seconds of the championship game, the score was tied at 70-70 with the ball in the hands of the visiting team. The home team's defense was set, ready to make a final stand and send the game into overtime.\n\nBut the visiting team's star player had other plans. With quick feet and a burst of speed, they drove past their defender and into the lane. With the help of a pick from a teammate, they rose up and hit a fadeaway jumper, the ball swishing through the net as the clock expired.\n\nThe visiting team's bench erupted in celebration, while the home team's players hung their heads in defeat. The final score read 72-70, with the visiting team emerging as the champions of the tournament.\n\nThe winning play was a thing of beauty, a testament to the skill and determination of the players involved. It was a moment that will be remembered for years to come, a moment that cemented the visiting team's place in the annals of sporting history.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ADX83sWvjJkewJX6JmYUzQ", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 27, "text": "Ladies and gentlemen, my name is [Chef's Name], and I am honored to present my signature dish to you today.\nIt is a culinary creation that represents my passion for cooking, my respect for the ingredients, and my commitment to excellence. It is a dish that embodies the essence of my culinary philosophy and showcases my creativity, my technique, and my artistry.\nThe dish is called \"Chef's Delight.\" It is a masterpiece of flavors and textures that will take your taste buds on a journey of discovery and delight. It is a dish that celebrates the bounty of the season, featuring the finest and freshest ingredients that are carefully selected and perfectly orchestrated to create a symphony of flavors.\nIn this dish, you will experience the rich and earthy flavors of mushrooms and truffles, the sweet and succulent tenderness of the meat, the crunch and freshness of the vegetables, and the creaminess and richness of the cheese. Each bite will reveal a new flavor and a new texture, leading to a harmonious and satisfying culinary experience.\nThe presentation of this dish is as stunning as the flavors. It is a work of art that showcases my skill and attention to detail, with each ingredient carefully positioned to create a visual feast that will leave you breathless.\nLadies and gentlemen, I invite you to indulge in \"Chef's Delight.\" It is a dish that will leave you wanting more, a dish that will make you come back for more, and a dish that will make you remember it forever. Thank you for your time, and I appreciate your consideration.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ihNG3rwsrt95NDhCAFeSDR", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 28, "text": "As a language model AI, I don't have personal experiences or emotions, but I can describe what someone might feel and see from the summit of Mount Everest.\n\nReaching the summit of Mount Everest is considered one of the most thrilling and exhilarating experiences for a mountain climber. The sense of accomplishment and pride in achieving such a challenging feat is indescribable.\n\nThe view from the top of the world is breathtaking. On clear days, the panoramic view of the surrounding peaks and the Tibetan plateau is simply stunning. The horizon seems endless, and the feeling of being on top of the world is indescribable. The air is thin, so the view may be limited, but the sense of achievement and the memories created will last a lifetime.\n\nHowever, climbing Mount Everest is a serious undertaking, and it's important to remember that it's not just about reaching the summit. It's about the journey and the experience, and the risks and challenges that come with it. It's important to have proper training, experience, and equipment, and to be prepared for the harsh conditions and the potential dangers that come with climbing such a tall mountain.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Gmhqf3z4LvVfwPNFJ89BKd", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 29, "text": "As a space colonist on Mars, my daily life would be vastly different from life on Earth. My primary focus would be on survival and sustainability, as the harsh environment of Mars poses many challenges to living there. Here is a description of my daily life and the challenges I face living on another planet:\n\n1. Wake up: I would wake up early in the Martian day, which is about 24 hours and 39 minutes long, to take advantage of the limited sunlight we have.\n2. Work: I would spend most of my day working on various tasks related to survival and sustainability, such as farming, building shelter, and maintaining equipment.\n3. Rest: In the evening, I would rest and relax, perhaps spending time with my fellow colonists or engaging in leisure activities.\n4. Eat: Food would be a critical component of my daily life, and I would need to rely on stored supplies or grow my own food using advanced technology such as hydroponics.\n5. Survival: The harsh environment of Mars would pose many challenges to my survival, including extreme temperatures, lack of oxygen, and exposure to radiation.\n6. Communication: Communication with Earth would be essential for obtaining supplies and support, but there would be a significant delay in communication due to the distance between Mars and Earth.\n7. Loneliness: Living on another planet would be a lonely experience, and I would need to find ways to cope with the isolation and maintain a positive mental state.\n\nOverall, living on Mars would be an incredible challenge, but also a unique and exciting opportunity to explore and pioneer a new world.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "gSwkKJCn6qDnNZond2xVJ3", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 30, "text": "As a character in a post-apocalyptic world, survival is a daily battle. I have learned to be resourceful and adaptable in order to make it through each day. I scavenge for food and supplies, and I have learned how to hunt and forage for my own food. I have also learned how to repair and maintain the few working technology and machinery that are still operational.\n\nI have encountered many other survivors in this harsh new world, and I have formed strong alliances with some of them. We work together to defend our small community from raiders and other threats. I have also formed close bonds with other survivors who share my values and my determination to rebuild society.\n\nI have also encountered some dangerous and unpredictable characters in this new world, but I have learned to be cautious and to trust my instincts. I have developed a strong sense of self-preservation and I will not hesitate to protect myself and my allies from harm.\n\nOverall, survival in this new world is a constant struggle, but I am determined to make it through each day and to rebuild a better future for myself and for the people I care about.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "8RaBeMjxx2bCp2GKWv7YiP", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 31, "text": ": To determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists, there are a few things you can look for:\n\n1. Crowd composition: Observe the demographic of the people dining at the restaurant. If the restaurant is located in a tourist-heavy area, you're likely to see a higher number of out-of-towners.\n2. Reservations: If the restaurant is consistently fully booked, it's likely a local favorite. Tourists tend to be more spontaneous with their dining plans, whereas locals often make reservations in advance.\n3. Parking: If the restaurant has ample parking or is located in a busy area with limited street parking, it's likely a local spot. Tourists are more likely to rely on public transportation or walk to their destinations.\n4. Pricing: If the restaurant has affordable prices and offers daily specials, it's likely popular among locals. Tourists are often willing to pay more for the novelty of a new dining experience.\n5. Menu offerings: Local cuisine is often reflected in the menu offerings. If the restaurant has a mix of international and local dishes, it's likely to attract a mix of locals and tourists.\n\nUnderstanding whether a restaurant is popular among locals or tourists can be useful in several ways:\n\n1. Personal preferences: If you're looking for a restaurant with a local atmosphere and authentic cuisine, you'll want to avoid tourist-heavy spots.\n2. Time of year: Tourist hotspots can be busy during peak seasons, while local favorites may be less crowded during high-tourism times.\n3. Recommendations: If you're asking for recommendations from locals, they may steer you towards their favorite spots, which are likely to be popular among locals.\n4. Price range: Local favorites may offer better value for your money, while tourist-heavy spots may be more expensive.\n\nOverall, understanding the popularity of a restaurant among locals and tourists can help you make informed decisions about where to dine and what to expect.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "C65PZkmAfFfWRs4bPhyKqg", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 32, "text": "Here are a few subtle clues that may suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed:\n\n1. Repeating keywords or phrases: If someone is repeating keywords or phrases that they don't fully understand, it could be a sign that they are trying to sound knowledgeable without actually understanding the underlying concepts.\n2. Asking simplistic or basic questions: If someone is asking questions that are very basic or simple, it could be a sign that they are not fully grasping the topic and are trying to hide their confusion.\n3. Interrupting or talking over others: If someone is constantly interrupting or talking over others, it could be a sign that they are trying to dominate the conversation and hide their lack of understanding.\n4. Using jargon or technical terms incorrectly: If someone is using jargon or technical terms incorrectly, it could be a sign that they are trying to sound knowledgeable without actually understanding the topic.\n5. Aggressively defending their position: If someone is aggressively defending their position, even in the face of evidence that contradicts their understanding, it could be a sign that they are trying to hide their confusion or lack of understanding.\n6. Avoiding specifics or giving vague answers: If someone is avoiding specifics or giving vague answers, it could be a sign that they are trying to hide their confusion or lack of understanding.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "4so4HTEjgDZKTqNAgkHHQX", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 33, "text": "There are several reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app:\n\n1. Preferred method of navigation: Some people may simply prefer the tactile experience of using a physical map and the challenge of reading and interpreting it. They may also enjoy the sense of accomplishment that comes with successfully navigating a route without the aid of technology.\n2. Better for planning: Paper maps allow users to see the entire area they will be traveling in at once, which can be helpful for planning a route and getting a sense of the overall landscape. GPS devices and smartphone apps, on the other hand, often only show the immediate area around the user.\n3. Reliability: While GPS devices and smartphone apps can be convenient, they are not always reliable. Satellites can be unavailable or provide inaccurate information, and smartphone batteries can die at the worst possible time. Paper maps are a more reliable navigation tool, as they do not require a power source and are not affected by external factors.\n4. Safety: In some cases, relying solely on GPS or smartphone navigation can be dangerous, particularly in remote areas or in situations where the user may be distracted, such as while driving. Paper maps are a safer navigation tool, as they do not require the user to look at the screen or interact with the device while driving or walking.\n5. Privacy: GPS devices and smartphone apps can track a user's location and movements, which can be a privacy concern for some individuals. Paper maps do not have this capability and are a more private navigation tool.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "FCYaiexEzdoLFPAwvTgDDm", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 34, "text": "It can be difficult to determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite, but there are a few clues you can look out for:\n\n1. Active listening: If the person is actively listening to what you have to say, asking follow-up questions, and making eye contact, they are likely genuinely interested in the conversation.\n2. Engaged body language: If the person is leaning in, making appropriate facial expressions, and using gestures to emphasize their points, they are likely engaged and interested in the conversation.\n3. Personal investment: If the person is sharing their own thoughts and opinions, and showing a personal investment in the conversation, they are likely genuinely interested.\n4. Authenticity: If the person is being authentic and true to themselves, rather than trying to fit in or impress you, they are likely genuinely interested in the conversation.\n5. Follow-up: If the person follows up with you after the conversation, either in person or through other means, they are likely genuinely interested.\n\nIt's important to keep in mind that people can be polite for many reasons, and that politeness can be genuine. However, by paying attention to these clues, you can get a better sense of whether the other person is genuinely interested in the conversation or simply being polite.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "76EPQDh4ZNxBMGqED9LEFi", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 35, "text": "There are several reasons why someone might prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher:\n1. Supporting the local community: By shopping at a local business, you are supporting the people and the economy in your own community. This can be particularly important for those who value the sense of community and want to contribute to its well-being.\n2. Personal connection: Small business owners are often more accessible and willing to build relationships with their customers. This can lead to a greater sense of connection and loyalty to the business.\n3. Unique products: Small, locally-owned businesses often offer unique and specialized products that you may not find at large chain stores. This can be particularly true for products that are locally sourced or handmade.\n4. Supporting sustainability: Small businesses may be more likely to prioritize sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices, as they are often more closely tied to their local community and may be more aware of the impact of their actions.\n5. Customer service: Small businesses often have more personalized customer service, which can lead to a better shopping experience overall.\n6. Prestige: Some people may feel that shopping at small, locally-owned businesses is a status symbol, and that it reflects their values and sense of style.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "cvBg3gyCyDuyESof3YXhTE", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 36, "text": "There are several ways to assess the credibility of a source of information without relying solely on the reputation of the author or publisher:\n1. Check the author's credentials: Look for information about the author's qualifications and experience in the field they are writing about. If the author is an expert in the field, they are more likely to provide accurate and reliable information.\n2. Check the publication's reputation: Look for information about the publication's reputation and history of accuracy. A reputable publication is more likely to produce accurate and reliable information.\n3. Check for objectivity: Look for signs that the information is presented in an objective and balanced way, without obvious bias or misleading statements.\n4. Check for supporting evidence: Look for evidence to support the claims made in the information. Check for sources and references that are credible and relevant to the topic.\n5. Check for date of publication: Information that is up-to-date and recently published is more likely to be accurate and relevant than information that is outdated.\n6. Check for corroboration: Look for other sources of information that support or contradict the claims made in the original source.\n7. Be skeptical: Always be skeptical of information that seems too good to be true or that conflicts with other credible sources.\nIt's important to keep in mind that even with these methods, it's not always possible to determine the credibility of a source, and it's always a good idea to consult multiple sources to get a well-rounded understanding of a topic.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "kRgfUJ7qqkyZUnLd2fnnaX", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 37, "text": "There are many factors that can influence why some people enjoy the sensation of being scared, while others avoid it. Here are a few possible explanations:\n1. Brain chemistry: People who enjoy being scared may have a different balance of neurotransmitters in their brain, such as dopamine and serotonin, which regulate emotions and reward responses.\n2. Life experiences: People who have had positive experiences with being scared, such as feeling thrilled and exhilarated, may be more likely to seek out similar experiences in the future.\n3. Personality traits: People who are more extroverted, impulsive, and sensation-seeking may be more likely to enjoy being scared, while those who are more introverted and avoidant may avoid these experiences.\n4. Cultural factors: Different cultures and societies may have different attitudes towards being scared, and these attitudes can influence why some people enjoy or avoid these experiences.\n5. Learning: People may learn to enjoy being scared through positive reinforcement, such as by watching horror movies with friends and feeling a sense of excitement and camaraderie.\nUltimately, why people enjoy being scared or avoid it is likely the result of a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "J3YuizKcHQ74ydNyCcwgwu", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 38, "text": "Observing the behavior of other people in a social situation can provide clues about cultural norms and expectations because culture is learned and transmitted through social interactions. By observing how others behave in different situations, you can learn what is considered appropriate or inappropriate, what is valued or devalued, and what is considered normal or abnormal within a given culture. For example, in some cultures it is considered impolite to arrive on time for a social gathering, while in others, punctuality is highly valued. By observing the behavior of others in a social situation, you can gain insight into these cultural norms and expectations. Additionally, observing the reactions and responses of others to different situations can also provide clues about cultural norms and expectations, as these reactions and responses can indicate what is considered acceptable or unacceptable within a given culture.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "abWLpFojLpNPfDGHpuRSUG", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 39, "text": "There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, and opinions on this topic vary widely. Some people argue that we have a moral obligation to explore space because it could lead to many benefits for humanity, such as new resources, new technologies, and new possibilities for life. Others argue that we should focus on solving Earth's problems first because we have already caused significant damage to our planet and its inhabitants, and we have a moral responsibility to repair that damage.\n\nHere are some points to consider when forming your own opinion on this topic:\n\n1. Benefits of space exploration: Space exploration can lead to many benefits for humanity, such as new resources, new technologies, and new possibilities for life. It can also inspire future generations and advance our understanding of the universe.\n2. Risks of space exploration: Space exploration can also be dangerous and expensive, and it can divert resources away from addressing important problems on Earth. There is also a risk of contaminating other planets and interfering with other life forms.\n3. Benefits of addressing Earth's problems: Addressing Earth's problems, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality, can lead to many benefits for humanity, such as a healthier and more sustainable planet, improved quality of life, and greater social and economic stability.\n4. Risks of focusing on Earth's problems: Focusing too much on addressing Earth's problems can also result in unintended consequences, such as economic stagnation or loss of innovation and progress.\n\nUltimately, the choice between exploring space or solving Earth's problems is a complex and nuanced one, and the best approach may depend on the specific circumstances and priorities of each individual and society.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Ki4fkJvsoSxuQeSoj2AcBG", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 40, "text": "In a world where automation is becoming increasingly prevalent, it is important to strike a balance between job creation and technological progress. While technological progress can lead to increased efficiency, productivity, and economic growth, it can also lead to job displacement and economic disruption.\n\nTherefore, it is important to prioritize job creation as a way to address the social and economic impacts of technological progress. This could involve policies and programs aimed at creating new jobs in industries that are less susceptible to automation, as well as retraining programs for workers who are displaced by automation.\n\nAt the same time, it is also important to continue to promote technological progress, as it can lead to significant benefits for society, such as improved healthcare, transportation, communication, and energy production. However, it is important to do so in a way that takes into account the potential impacts on jobs and the economy, and to implement policies and programs that can mitigate these impacts.\n\nIn short, both job creation and technological progress are important goals, and they need to be balanced in order to ensure a sustainable and equitable future for all.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "GRQjYgAapNAVqzuZR4KQpf", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 41, "text": "The average human blinks about once every 5-6 seconds, or about 10-12 times per minute. This means that the average person blinks about 20,000 to 25,000 times per day.\nHere is a step-by-step explanation of how I arrived at this estimate:\n1. The average human spends about 1/3 of their life asleep, and about 2/3 of their life awake. Assuming 8 hours of sleep per night, this means that a person spends about 4 hours asleep per day.\n2. During sleep, the average person blinks about 10 times per minute, which is the same as when they are awake. This means that a person sleeps for about 4 x 10 = 40 minutes per day.\n3. When a person is awake, they blink about 10 times per minute. This means that a person spends about 1680 minutes per day (24 hours x 60 minutes/hour) blinking.\n4. To get the total number of blinks in a lifetime, we can multiply the number of blinks per day by the number of days in a lifetime. For example, if a person lives to be 80 years old, they will have lived for 29,200 days. Multiplying 1680 blinks per day x 29,200 days = 4,996,800 blinks in a lifetime.\n5. However, this estimate is based on the assumption that a person's blink rate remains constant throughout their lifetime. In reality, the number of blinks per day can vary due to factors such as age, stress, and illness. Therefore, the actual number of blinks in a lifetime could be higher or lower than 4,996,800.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "SB5a2AiK224hB927vkqvYs", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 42, "text": "The number of atoms in a grain of salt depends on the size of the grain and the elemental composition of the salt. However, I can give you an estimate based on the average size of a grain of table salt, which is about 50 micrometers (\u00b5m) in diameter.\n\nFirst, let's define the atomic mass of an element. The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of the atoms of that element, which is determined by the number of protons present in the nucleus of each atom. For example, the atomic mass of carbon-12 is 12 atomic mass units (amu), which is the average mass of one carbon-12 atom.\n\nNow, let's assume that the grain of salt is composed of only one type of element, and let's use sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as table salt, as an example. The atomic mass of sodium is 22.9898 amu and the atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 amu.\n\nTo estimate the number of atoms in the grain, we can use the formula:\n\nNumber of atoms = volume of grain x concentration of atoms per unit volume\n\nThe volume of a sphere with a diameter of 50 \u00b5m can be calculated using the formula:\n\nV = (4/3)\u03c0r^3, where r is the radius of the sphere (r = 50 \u00b5m / 2 = 25 \u00b5m).\n\nV = (4/3) x 3.14 x (25 x 10^-6 m)^3 = 8.05 x 10^-18 m^3\n\nThe concentration of atoms per unit volume can be estimated using the average molecular weight of the salt, which is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in one molecule of the salt, divided by the volume of one molecule of the salt.\n\nAverage molecular weight = (Number of atoms per molecule x atomic mass) / Volume of one molecule\n\nAssuming one molecule of sodium chloride has one sodium atom and one chlorine atom, the number of atoms per molecule is 2. The atomic mass of one molecule of sodium chloride is the sum of the atomic masses of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom: 22.9898 amu + 35.45 amu = 58.44 amu.\n\nTherefore, the average molecular weight of sodium chloride is:\n\n58.44 amu / 8.05 x 10^-18 m^3 = 7.22 x 10^5 kg/m^3\n\nSo, the concentration of atoms per unit volume in the grain of salt can be estimated as:\n\nConcentration of atoms = 7.22 x 10^5 kg/m^3 / (8.05 x 10^-18 m^3) = 8.91 x 10^22 atoms/m^3\n\nFinally, the number of atoms in the grain can be calculated as:\n\nNumber of atoms = Volume of grain x Concentration of atoms per unit volume = 8.05 x 10^-18 m^3 x 8.91 x 10^22 atoms/m^3 = 7.13 x 10^27 atoms\n\nTherefore, there are approximately 7.13 x 10^27 atoms in a grain of table salt with a diameter of 50 \u00b5m.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "4XYycBrMiJgYKPof2P6xoe", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 43, "text": "It is difficult to give an exact number of how many lightning strikes occur on Earth each day, as it can vary depending on the weather conditions and the time of year. However, I can give you an estimate based on some general information.\nFirst, it's important to understand that lightning is caused by a buildup of electrical charge between two points, typically between the ground and a cloud. When the electrical potential difference between these two points becomes large enough, the charge flows between them, resulting in a lightning strike.\nSecond, the number of lightning strikes per day is related to the amount of electrical charge that is available in the atmosphere. Generally, there is more electrical charge available during thunderstorms, which tend to occur more frequently in the summer months when the Earth's surface is warmer.\nThird, the number of lightning strikes per day can also depend on the location. Regions with more frequent thunderstorms, such as tropical areas, will tend to have more lightning strikes per day than regions with fewer thunderstorms, such as polar regions.\nBased on these factors, it is estimated that the number of lightning strikes per day is on the order of 100,000,000. However, this is just an estimate and the actual number can vary significantly depending on the weather conditions.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "fpoXWHHdpv7XNBTS2NRY6d", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 44, "text": "The idea of using balloons to lift a house like in the movie \"Up\" is not feasible in real life, as it would require a massive amount of balloons to lift a house, and the materials and technology used in the movie are not available for use in real life. However, let's assume we could use the same technology as in the movie and calculate the number of balloons needed.\n\nFirst, we would need to determine the weight of the house. Let's assume the house weighs 100,000 pounds (45,350 kg).\n\nNext, we would need to determine the lifting power of the balloons. In the movie, the balloons are filled with a special gas that allows them to lift the house. Let's assume we could use the same type of gas and that each balloon has a lifting power of 100 pounds (45 kg).\n\nTo calculate the total lifting power of all the balloons, we would need to determine the number of balloons needed to lift the house. Since the house weighs 100,000 pounds (45,350 kg) and each balloon has a lifting power of 100 pounds (45 kg), we would need 100,000 / 100 = 1,000,000 balloons.\n\nHowever, this is not feasible in real life as it would take an enormous amount of balloons to lift a house, and the materials and technology used in the movie are not available for use in real life.\n\nIn conclusion, it is not possible to use balloons to lift a house like in the movie \"Up\" due to the massive number of balloons required and the lack of available technology.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "GRXWdnzLLzmeZRU67PMTb7", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 45, "text": "I'm sorry, but I cannot provide a specific answer to this question because it is impossible to determine the exact number of text messages sent globally in a minute. There are several reasons why this is the case:\n\n1. Text messages are sent on a massive scale: With billions of people worldwide using mobile phones, it is virtually impossible to accurately track the exact number of text messages sent in a minute.\n2. Many text messages are sent simultaneously: In densely populated areas, many text messages are likely to be sent at the same time, making it difficult to determine the exact number sent in a minute.\n3. Text messages can be sent through various platforms: Text messages can be sent through various platforms, including mobile phones, computers, and other devices, making it difficult to track the exact number sent in a minute.\n4. Many text messages are sent without being recorded: It is not always possible to record or track every text message sent, and many text messages are sent without being recorded or tracked, making it difficult to determine the exact number sent in a minute.\n\nIn conclusion, while it is possible to estimate the number of text messages sent globally in a minute, it is difficult to determine the exact number due to the sheer scale and complexity of text message communication.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "RTxk2jYsjYiiWMwcRjmfwu", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 46, "text": "It is estimated that there are about 100 billion words spoken daily on Earth. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how this estimate was arrived at:\n\n1. The first step is to estimate the number of people on Earth who are capable of speaking. This includes everyone from infants to elderly adults. Based on United Nations data, the world population is about 7.9 billion people.\n2. The next step is to estimate the average number of words spoken per person per day. This can vary widely depending on factors such as culture, language, and individual behavior. However, studies have suggested that the average person speaks between 10,000 and 20,000 words per day.\n3. Multiplying the estimated number of words spoken per person per day by the estimated number of people capable of speaking leads to a very rough estimate of the total number of words spoken per day. Based on the low end of the estimate (10,000 words per day), this would be approximately 79 billion words per day.\n4. However, this estimate is likely to be high, as it assumes that every person speaks at the high end of the range. To account for this, the estimate is adjusted to account for the fact that not everyone speaks at the same rate or in the same way. This adjustment leads to an estimate of about 100 billion words spoken per day.\n\nIt's important to note that this is a very rough estimate, and the actual number of words spoken daily is likely to be higher or lower depending on various factors. However, this estimate provides a rough idea of the scale of the amount of words spoken daily on Earth.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "2J2Et6W8u2kXLTUgfYrPxe", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 47, "text": "The number of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter depends on several factors, such as the location, time of year, weather patterns, and temperature. However, it's difficult to give an exact number, as it can vary greatly.\n\nHere's a rough estimate based on average conditions:\n\n1. Snowflakes form when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. This process occurs more frequently when the air is cold and humid, and there are sufficient water droplets in the air to form ice crystals.\n2. The average snowflake is about the size of a pinky fingernail, but they can range in size from a small dust particle to several inches in diameter.\n3. Snowflakes are formed in clouds, and the number of snowflakes in a cloud depends on the size and density of the cloud. A typical cloud contains billions of snowflakes.\n4. The average snowfall for a typical winter is about 67 inches, although this can vary greatly depending on the location and weather patterns.\n5. Snowflakes fall to the ground when they come into contact with a surface that is below freezing, such as the ground or a building. The rate at which snowflakes fall can vary depending on the wind speed and direction.\n6. Snowflakes can also stick together to form larger snowflakes or snow clumps, which can make it difficult to estimate the number of individual snowflakes that fall.\n\nOverall, the number of snowflakes that fall during a typical winter is difficult to estimate, as it depends on many factors. However, it's clear that there are a large number of snowflakes in a typical snowfall, and that they play an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and influencing weather patterns.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "nSGoG9Z5g5VuCXgmQJJKrq", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 48, "text": "It is impossible to provide an exact number of pages in all the books ever written, as new books are being published every day and the total number of books in existence continues to grow. Additionally, the definition of a \"book\" can vary depending on the culture and time period, making it difficult to provide an accurate estimate.\n\nHowever, it is possible to estimate the total number of pages in all the books that have ever been published up to a certain point in time. This estimate is based on the assumption that the average book has around 250-300 pages. Using this assumption, it is possible to estimate the total number of pages in all the books ever published.\n\nFirst, we can calculate the total number of books ever published. According to estimates, as of 2021, the total number of books ever published is around 13 million.\n\nNext, we can estimate the average number of pages per book. This number can vary depending on the culture, time period, and type of book, but for the sake of simplicity, let's assume the average book has 250-300 pages.\n\nUsing these assumptions, the total number of pages in all the books ever published would be around:\n\n(13 million books) x (250 pages/book) = 3,250,000,000 pages\n\nThis is an estimate, and the actual number of pages in all the books ever published could be higher or lower depending on the assumptions used. However, this estimate provides a rough idea of the number of pages in all the books ever written.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ScqJdUq9n5bp9qPv5WPqG5", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 49, "text": "It is difficult to estimate the exact number of times the Earth has orbited the sun since the beginning of life, as the exact timing of the emergence of life on Earth is not well-defined. However, we can use some basic calculations to estimate the number of solar orbits that have occurred since life began.\n\nFirst, we need to estimate the age of the Earth. The most widely accepted estimate for the age of the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years. This means that the Earth has been orbiting the sun for approximately 4.5 billion years / 365.25 days per year = 12,764,606,840 orbital periods of the Earth around the sun.\n\nHowever, this estimate does not take into account the fact that the Earth's orbit around the sun is not a perfect circle, and is slightly elliptical. This means that the distance between the Earth and the sun varies throughout the year, and the speed at which the Earth orbits the sun also varies. To take this into account, we can use the average distance between the Earth and the sun, which is approximately 93 million miles (149.6 million kilometers).\n\nUsing this average distance, we can calculate the time it takes for the Earth to complete one orbit around the sun, which is approximately 365.25 days. Therefore, the actual number of times the Earth has orbited the sun since the beginning of life is approximately 12,764,606,840 / 365.25 = 34,854,571 orbital periods of the Earth around the sun.\n\nIt is important to note that this is an estimate and that the actual number of solar orbits that have occurred since the beginning of life on Earth may be different due to the uncertainties in the timing of the emergence of life and the variations in the Earth's orbit.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "GdLFr88pCwsGpfRBRQQkyh", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 50, "text": "It is difficult to estimate the exact number of songs that have been recorded throughout history, as it is a very large and varied collection of music from different cultures and time periods. However, we can make some educated guesses based on a few factors.\n\nFirstly, it is worth noting that music has been a part of human culture for thousands of years, and songs have been passed down through oral traditions and written documentation for even longer. It is likely that millions, if not billions, of songs have been created and sung throughout history.\n\nSecondly, the invention of recording technology in the late 19th century allowed for the mass production of music recordings. The first commercial recordings were made in the 1880s, and since then, there have been countless recordings made by artists and musicians from all over the world.\n\nThirdly, the rise of digital music in the late 20th century has led to an exponential increase in the number of songs that are available, as well as the ease with which they can be created and shared. This has led to a proliferation of music in the digital age, with millions of songs being released and shared online every year.\n\nIn conclusion, while it is impossible to give an exact number, it is safe to say that there are millions, if not billions, of songs that have been recorded throughout history. The exact number is difficult to estimate due to the vastness and diversity of the music collection, as well as the limitations of our understanding of music history.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Sa7uNEbFGRFuXBAwau8sHS", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 51, "text": "It's difficult to say exactly how the Internet would have been if it had been invented during the Renaissance period, but we can make some educated guesses based on the technological and cultural context of the time.\nFirst, it's important to note that the Internet as we know it today is a product of the digital age, which began in the mid-20th century. The Renaissance period, on the other hand, was a time of great artistic, scientific, and cultural achievement, but technology was more limited and focused on mechanical and optical devices.\nThat being said, it's possible that the Renaissance period's emphasis on art, science, and communication could have led to the development of some early form of the Internet. For example, the printing press, which was invented during the Renaissance, played a key role in the spread of information and ideas. Similarly, the development of the telegraph and telephone in the following centuries laid the groundwork for the modern Internet.\nIt's also possible that the Renaissance period's focus on individualism and humanism could have led to a more decentralized and diverse Internet, with a greater emphasis on personal expression and creativity. However, the lack of modern computer technology and the Internet's reliance on digital communication would likely have limited its potential.\nUltimately, it's impossible to say exactly how the Internet would have evolved if it had been invented during the Renaissance period, but it's likely that it would have been very different from the Internet we know today.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "T6Ar3cAEw3AmVVQTcCPp8N", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 52, "text": "If the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors, it is likely that the history of Mexico and the Americas would have been very different. The Aztecs were a powerful and sophisticated civilization that dominated much of Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish conquest. They had a complex society with a strong military, a highly developed calendar system, and a sophisticated system of governance.\n\nIf the Aztecs had been able to repel the Spanish conquistadors, it is likely that they would have continued to flourish as a civilization. They may have been able to resist the spread of European diseases, such as smallpox and influenza, which had a devastating impact on the indigenous population. They may have also been able to maintain their independence and continue to thrive as a sovereign nation.\n\nOn the other hand, if the Spanish had been defeated, it is possible that the history of the Americas would have been very different. The Aztecs may have been able to maintain their own cultural and religious practices, and the spread of Christianity may have been slowed or stopped. The economy of Mexico may have been different, and the country may have developed differently in terms of trade and commerce.\n\nIt is also possible that the Aztecs may have been able to form alliances with other indigenous groups in the region, and together they may have been able to resist further European colonization. In any case, the history of the Americas would have been shaped by the actions and choices of the Aztec people and their leaders.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "KiZQev5JEk2h6JYeQnFmtM", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 53, "text": "The Black Death, also known as the Plague, was a pandemic that devastated Europe in the 14th century. It is estimated that around 25-30% of the population of Europe died from the disease between 1347 and 1351. If the Black Death had not occurred, it is difficult to predict exactly how history would have unfolded, but it is likely that Europe would have had a different demographic, economic, and social structure.\n\nWithout the devastating effects of the Black Death, it is possible that Europe would have continued to experience population growth and urbanization, leading to a more prosperous and dynamic economy. The labor shortage caused by the high mortality rate could have led to wage increases and improvements in working conditions, which could have spurred innovation and economic growth. The absence of the Black Death could also have prevented the disruption of trade and the decline of the feudal system, leading to a different political and social structure.\n\nOn the other hand, the absence of the Black Death could have also led to the spread of other diseases, which could have had a negative impact on the population and the economy. In addition, the lack of the Black Death could have allowed for the continued spread of the bubonic plague, which could have led to even greater devastation in the future.\n\nIn conclusion, it is difficult to predict exactly how history would have unfolded if the Black Death had not occurred, but it is likely that Europe would have been significantly different in terms of demography, economy, and society.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "cYiyYKKXM3GXkrZHAbX83S", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 54, "text": "Isaac Newton is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists in history for his work in physics, particularly for his development of the laws of motion and universal gravitation. However, it is worth noting that Newton also made significant contributions to other fields, including mathematics, optics, and natural philosophy.\n\nIf Newton had decided to focus on biology instead of physics, it is possible that he would have made significant contributions to the field. However, it is difficult to say exactly what those contributions would have been without knowing more about his specific interests and areas of focus.\n\nNewton was a prolific scientist and wrote extensively on a wide range of topics, including natural philosophy, mathematics, and theology. He also conducted extensive research in optics, including the study of light and color, and made important contributions to the field of mathematics, including the development of calculus.\n\nIt is possible that if Newton had focused on biology, he would have made significant contributions to the understanding of living organisms and their behavior. However, it is also possible that his work in physics and mathematics would have had a greater impact on the world.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "PQmMUdAAcBsAWmWaTvdHSU", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 55, "text": "It's difficult to say exactly what would have happened if the Beatles had never formed as a band, as their impact on music and culture was so significant. However, here are a few possibilities:\n\n1. The Beatles' individual members may have pursued solo careers instead. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr all went on to successful solo careers after the band's breakup.\n2. Another band may have risen to fame in their place. The Beatles' success paved the way for many other bands and musicians, and it's possible that another group may have filled the void they left.\n3. The music industry may have evolved differently. The Beatles were pioneers in many ways, and their innovative approach to music and recording may have influenced the direction of the industry.\n4. The cultural impact of the Beatles may have been lessened. The Beatles were not just a musical group, but also a cultural phenomenon. Their influence on fashion, hairstyles, and attitudes towards music and society was widespread.\n5. The Beatles' music may have been forgotten. While it's difficult to imagine, it's possible that the Beatles' music may not have had the same lasting impact if they had never existed. Their songs have become a part of the fabric of popular culture and are still widely loved and played today.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "PorExChQ9VeYsPJptdgtsB", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 56, "text": "If Alan Turing had not cracked the Enigma code during World War II, it is possible that the outcome of the war could have been different. The Enigma code was a complex encryption system used by the German military to communicate securely, and Turing's work on breaking the code was instrumental in the Allied victory.\n\nWithout Turing's efforts, the Allies may have struggled to decipher German communications and gain valuable insights into their plans and strategies. This could have led to a different outcome in various battles and campaigns, and the war could have lasted longer or ended in a different outcome.\n\nIt's also possible that the Allies may have had to develop alternative strategies and technologies to defeat the Germans, such as investing more in code-breaking efforts or developing new weapons and tactics. This could have had significant consequences for the war and its outcome.\n\nHowever, it's difficult to say for certain how the war would have turned out without Turing's contributions, as there were many factors that influenced the outcome of the conflict. Nevertheless, Turing's work on the Enigma code was a crucial factor in the Allied victory and his contributions to the war effort were significant.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "249f6dSMwZRZVMmtxv6yDm", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 57, "text": "The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, allowing ships to travel between Europe and Asia without having to go all the way around Africa. If the Suez Canal had never been constructed, ships would have had to take a much longer and more treacherous route around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa, which would have made international trade much more difficult and expensive.\n\nWithout the Suez Canal, it would have taken much longer and been more dangerous for ships to travel between Europe and Asia, which would have had a significant impact on international trade and global economic development. The canal allowed for faster and more efficient transportation of goods between the two continents, which led to increased trade and economic growth. It also made it easier for European powers to establish colonies and trade routes in Asia, which had a major impact on the history of the region.\n\nAdditionally, the construction of the Suez Canal was a major engineering feat that required significant resources and technological advancements, which had a lasting impact on the development of engineering and technology. The canal also played a key role in the political and strategic interests of various nations, and its control and use have been the subject of international conflicts and disputes.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "nxa3m6kiAZwKgcMUBY8KYz", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 58, "text": "It is difficult to say for certain how the world would be different if the Maya civilization had never mysteriously collapsed. However, it is likely that the Maya would have continued to thrive and develop as a civilization. They were a highly advanced civilization with skills in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture, and they had a complex system of writing and religion. They also had a strong economy and were able to establish a large empire that spanned much of Mesoamerica.\n\nIf the Maya civilization had continued to thrive, it is possible that their advanced knowledge and technologies would have been passed down to future generations and could have had a major impact on the development of other civilizations. They may have made further scientific and technological advancements, such as discovering new medicines, building more efficient transportation systems, or developing new forms of communication.\n\nIt is also possible that the Maya civilization would have continued to expand and influence other civilizations in the region, leading to a different political and cultural landscape in Mesoamerica. The Maya civilization had a long and complex history, and it is difficult to predict exactly how events would have unfolded if their collapse had been prevented. However, it is clear that the Maya civilization had a lasting impact on the region and their legacy can still be seen in the ruins of their cities and the traditions of their descendants.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "DXFvhjCaKqQiBsFDCkXGMT", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 59, "text": "If Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas, it is likely that the history of the world would have been significantly different. Columbus's discovery of the Americas marked the beginning of European colonization and the subsequent spread of European culture, religion, and technology to the Americas.\n\nWithout Columbus's discovery, it is possible that the indigenous peoples of the Americas would have continued to thrive and develop on their own, without significant outside influence. The Americas would have remained largely isolated from the rest of the world, and would have evolved differently from the way they did in our history.\n\nIt's also possible that other European explorers would have made the discovery of the Americas eventually, as the continent was clearly visible from the sea. However, it's uncertain how and when this would have happened, and what the impact would have been on the indigenous peoples and the world.\n\nUltimately, the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus had a profound impact on the world, for better or for worse, and it is impossible to know for certain how things would have turned out without his discovery.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "BCUK5VcpZK26jMJ2UMgR3E", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 60, "text": "Vincent van Gogh is widely considered one of the most influential and celebrated painters in the history of art, despite the fact that he struggled financially during his lifetime and only achieved recognition after his death. If he had been a successful artist during his lifetime, it is likely that he would have continued to create and innovate in his art, perhaps exploring new techniques or styles. He may have also been able to sell more of his works and earn a stable income, which could have changed the course of his life and career. It is also possible that his fame and success may have come with a different kind of pressure and scrutiny, which could have affected the direction of his art and his personal life. Ultimately, it is impossible to know for sure how things would have turned out, but it is clear that Vincent van Gogh's legacy and impact on the art world would still be significant even if he had achieved success during his lifetime.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "JHTKBrLVTp7bv5zW2uwYVW", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 61, "text": "Sure, here's an example C++ program that reads a text file line by line and counts the number of occurrences of a specific word in the file:\n\n```cpp\n#include \n#include \n#include \n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n // Specify the name of the text file you want to read\n string filename = \"example.txt\";\n\n // Open the file in binary mode for reading\n ifstream file(filename, ios::binary);\n\n // Set the string to search for\n string search_string = \"example\";\n\n // Initialize a counter to keep track of the number of occurrences of the search string\n int counter = 0;\n\n // Start reading the file line by line\n string line;\n while (getline(file, line))\n {\n // Check if the line contains the search string\n if (line.find(search_string)!= string::npos)\n {\n // Increment the counter if the line contains the search string\n counter++;\n }\n }\n\n // Close the file\n file.close();\n\n // Print the number of occurrences of the search string\n cout << \"Number of occurrences of search string: \" << counter << endl;\n\n return 0;\n}\n```\n\nThis program reads the specified text file line by line, and uses a binary `ifstream` object to read the file in binary mode. The program uses a counter to keep track of the number of occurrences of a specified search string in the file. The `getline` function is used to read each line of the file, and the `find` function is used to check if the line contains the search string. If the line contains the search string, the counter is incremented. Finally, the program prints the number of occurrences of the search string.\nOf course, you'll need to specify the name of the text file you want to read in the `filename` variable. You can modify the `search_string` variable to specify the string you want to search for in the file.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "jyzD2deb9JAffRhhkk37r5", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 62, "text": "Here's an implementation of the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) problem using dynamic programming in Python:\n\n```python\ndef lcs(str1, str2):\n # Initialize dp table with maximum values\n m, n = len(str1), len(str2)\n dp = [[float('inf') for j in range(n+1)] for i in range(m+1)]\n for i in range(m+1):\n dp[i][0] = float('inf')\n for j in range(n+1):\n dp[0][j] = float('inf')\n\n # Fill in dp table\n for i in range(1, m+1):\n for j in range(1, n+1):\n if str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]:\n dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]\n else:\n dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j-1] + (str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]))\n\n return dp[m][n]\n\n# Example usage\nstr1 = \"banana\"\nstr2 = \"ananana\"\nprint(lcs(str1, str2)) # prints 5\n```\n\nIn this implementation, we use a 2D dynamic programming table `dp` to store the LCS of substrings of `str1` and `str2`. The maximum value in each cell of `dp` represents the length of the LCS of the corresponding substrings. We initialize the table with maximum values, except for the first row and column, which are set to `float('inf')`.\nWe then fill in the table by iterating over the substrings of `str1` and `str2` in a sliding window fashion, and using the three possible options for each cell: the value of the previous cell in the same row or column, the value of the previous cell in the same row or column of the other string, or the sum of these two values plus one if the current substring and the previous substring match.\nOnce we have filled in the entire table, we return the maximum value in the last cell, which represents the LCS of the entire strings.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "jPGHEfp7FxhDyvRA6qEN3j", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 63, "text": "Here is a regular expression that can be used to validate an email address in Python:\n```\nimport re\n\n# Define the regular expression\nemail_regex = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$')\n\n# Test the regular expression\nemail = \"user@example.com\"\nif email_regex.match(email):\n print(\"Email address is valid.\")\nelse:\n print(\"Email address is not valid.\")\n```\nThis regular expression matches the following patterns:\n\n* One or more alphabetical characters (`[a-zA-Z]`), followed by a domain name, which must start and end with an alphanumeric character and may contain any combination of alphanumeric characters and the following special characters: `-` `.` `_` `%` `+` `*` `?` `@`.\n* The `@` symbol, followed by one or more alphanumeric characters, which may include the special characters listed above.\n* The domain name must not start or end with a `:` character.\n* The entire email address must end with a top-level domain of two or more alphanumeric characters.\n\nThis regular expression is not perfect, as it can be easily bypassed by spammers and does not check if the domain name actually exists. However, it can be a useful starting point for validating email addresses in many cases.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Ra9eTcAuNZPkPRnaHiQrak", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 64, "text": "Here is an example of a program in Python that uses dynamic programming to find the nth Fibonacci number:\n```\ndef fibonacci(n):\n # Initialize memoization table with 0s\n memo = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n \n # Base case: n = 0 or n = 1\n if n <= 1:\n return [0, 1]\n \n # Recursive case\n else:\n return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)\n \n# Test the function with a specific number of terms\nfor i in range(10):\n print(fibonacci(i+1))\n```\nThis program defines a function `fibonacci` that takes an integer `n` as input and returns the `n`th Fibonacci number. The function uses dynamic programming to memoize the values of the previous terms in the sequence, so that it doesn't have to recalculate them every time. The function starts by initializing the memoization table with 0s, which means the first term of the sequence is 0. Then it checks if the input `n` is 0 or 1, and if it is, it returns 0 and 1. If the input `n` is greater than 1, it calls the function recursively twice, with inputs `n-1` and `n-2`, and returns the sum of those two values. This way it calculates the nth Fibonacci number by adding the n-1 and n-2 terms together.\n\nNote: The program above will work fine for small values of n, but for large values of n, it will take a lot of memory and time. A more efficient way to calculate the nth Fibonacci number is using Binet's formula.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "5mbEFLEnEx8Cm2wEF8WAbM", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 65, "text": "Here is an example of a binary search algorithm in Python:\n```\ndef binary_search(arr, target):\n start = 0\n end = len(arr) - 1\n while start <= end:\n mid = (start + end) // 2\n if arr[mid] == target:\n return mid\n elif arr[mid] < target:\n start = mid + 1\n else:\n end = mid - 1\n return -1\n\narr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\ntarget = 4\nprint(binary_search(arr, target)) # output: 4\n```\nThe algorithm starts by initializing the start and end indices of the array to 0 and the length of the array -1, respectively. It then enters a while loop that continues as long as the start index is less than or equal to the end index.\n\nOn each iteration of the loop, it calculates the middle index of the array and compares the value at that index to the target value. If the values are equal, the algorithm returns the middle index. If the value at the middle index is less than the target, the algorithm updates the start index to be the middle index +1, and the end index to be the middle index -1. If the value at the middle index is greater than the target, the algorithm updates the end index to be the middle index -1 and the start index to be the middle index +1.\n\nIf the end index is less than the start index, the algorithm returns -1 to indicate that the target value is not present in the array.\n\nThis algorithm has a time complexity of O(log n) and is most efficient when used with a sorted array.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "KLbBzjbuwq4agAESQ9Wfpq", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 66, "text": "Here is an implementation of a queue using two stacks in Python:\n\n```cpp\nclass Queue:\n def __init__(self):\n self.in_stack = []\n self.out_stack = []\n \n def enqueue(self, item):\n self.in_stack.append(item)\n self.out_stack.clear()\n \n def dequeue(self):\n if not self.in_stack:\n raise EmptyQueueError\n item = self.in_stack.pop()\n self.out_stack.append(item)\n return item\n \n def peek(self):\n if not self.in_stack:\n raise EmptyQueueError\n return self.in_stack[-1]\n \n def is_empty(self):\n return not self.in_stack\n\nclass EmptyQueueError(Exception):\n pass\n```\n\nIn this implementation, the `in_stack` and `out_stack` are used as the underlying data structure to implement the queue. The `enqueue` method adds an item to the end of the `in_stack` and clears the `out_stack`. The `dequeue` method removes an item from the front of the `in_stack` and adds it to the end of the `out_stack`. The `peek` method returns the item at the front of the `in_stack`. The `is_empty` method checks if the `in_stack` is empty. If the `in_stack` is empty, the `is_empty` method raises an `EmptyQueueError`.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "ganAwetd9VTzEAiTtsskzX", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 67, "text": "To find the common elements in two arrays without using any extra data structures, you can use an iterative approach. Here's one possible solution in Python:\n\ndef find\\_common\\_elements(arr1, arr2):\nresult = []\nfor item1 in arr1:\nfor item2 in arr2:\nif item1 == item2:\nresult.append(item1)\nreturn result\n\nHere's an example of how you could use this function:\n\narr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\narr2 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n\nprint(find\\_common\\_elements(arr1, arr2))\n\nThis should output `[3, 4, 5]`. The function iterates over each item in both arrays, and if it finds a match, it adds the item to the `result` list. If there are no matches, it returns an empty list.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "LG6szQ3cqNRzUjXtZtXG94", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 68, "text": "To find the value of f(2), we need to substitute 2 for x in the function f(x).\n\nf(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3\n\nWhen x = 2, we have:\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 \\* 8 - 2 + 3 = 41 - 2 + 3 = 40\n\nSo the value of f(2) is 40.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "LHMnXGbSZubeZJcr5fgrte", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 69, "text": "We can solve this equation using the following steps:\n\n1. Simplify the left-hand side (LHS) of the equation by moving all the terms to one side and the numbers to the other: 3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n2. Combine the terms on the left-hand side by subtracting 5x from both sides: 3x = -5x\n3. Simplify the left-hand side by dividing both sides by 3: x = -5/3\n4. Take the natural logarithm of both sides to get the solution in terms of the natural logarithm base e: ln|x| = ln|-5/3| = -5/3 ln|e| = -5/3 ln(1.414) = -5/3 ln(1.414) = -5/3 ln(1 + 1/1.414) = -5/3 ln(1.414)\n5. Exponentiate both sides to get the solution in terms of e: x = e^(-5/3)\n6. Rearrange the solution to get x in terms of Euler's number: x = e^(-5/3) = 1/1.414^(-5/3) = 0.5877\n7. Round the solution to the desired number of decimal places: x = 0.5877\n\nTherefore, x = 0.5877 is the solution to the equation 3x + 10 = 5(x - 2).", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "TGENVWL5iAYi4NCf5jAzKy", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 70, "text": "The length of the line segment is the distance between the two points. To find the length, you can use the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the sum of the squares of the distances from a point to the two endpoints is equal to the square of the distance between the two endpoints.\n\nIn this case, the distance from the point (2, -2) to the point (10, 4) is given by the formula:\n\nsqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)\n= sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2)\n= sqrt(18^2 + 4^2)\n= sqrt(324 + 16)\n= sqrt(340)\n= 17.973\n\nSo the length of the line segment is 17.973.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "kc9oytarvqyNVVfGZz93EL", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 71, "text": "Certainly, here's an example of a formal email proposing a joint venture:\n\nSubject: Proposal for Joint Venture\n\nDear [Name of Partner],\n\nI hope this email finds you well. I am writing to propose a joint venture between our companies, [Your Company Name] and [Partner Company Name]. We believe that by working together, we can achieve great success and mutually benefit from the partnership.\n\nOur company specializes in [Your Company's Expertise], while your company is a leader in [Partner Company's Expertise]. We believe that by combining our strengths and capabilities, we can create a powerful partnership that can bring innovative solutions to the market.\n\nWe propose that we establish a new company that will be jointly owned by our two companies. This new company will have its own management team, and will operate independently from our respective parent companies. We will work together to identify new business opportunities, and share the profits and losses of the new company equally.\n\nWe believe that this partnership will be highly beneficial for both of our companies. It will give us access to new markets, new customers, and new technologies. It will also allow us to share the risks and costs of new ventures, and to leverage our resources and expertise to achieve greater success.\n\nWe would like to schedule a meeting to discuss this proposal in more detail, and to explore how we can work together to achieve our mutual goals. We believe that this partnership has the potential to be a great success, and we are excited about the opportunities that it can bring.\n\nPlease let us know if you are available to meet in the next [X] days, and we will arrange a convenient time and place.\n\nThank you for considering our proposal. We look forward to hearing from you soon.\n\nBest regards,\n\n[Your Name]\n[Your Title]\n[Your Company Name]", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "NxstpvVEnGMny3jECtvrw2", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 72, "text": "Yes, I can help you write a resignation letter. Here is a sample letter you can use as a guide:\n\nDear [Employer],\n\nI am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my position as [Position] at [Company]. I have truly appreciated the opportunities and experiences that I have had during my time here, and I am grateful for the support and guidance you and the team have provided me.\n\nI have accepted a new position at a different company, and I will be leaving on [date]. I am confident that the skills and experience I have gained during my time at [Company] will serve me well in my future endeavors.\n\nI want to assure you that I will do everything I can to ensure a smooth transition and to complete any outstanding tasks before my departure. I would be happy to discuss any specific needs or concerns you may have regarding this transition.\n\nAgain, I want to express my sincere appreciation for the opportunities and support provided to me during my time at [Company]. I am grateful for the friendships and connections I have made here, and I will always look back on my time here with fond memories.\n\nThank you for the opportunity to work with such a great team, and I wish you and the company continued success in the future.\n\nSincerely,\n\n[Your name]", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "XN9NBpeQJiQqGT5UYkys7N", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 73, "text": "[Your Name]\n[Your Title]\n[Your Affiliation]\n[Date]\n[Recipient\u2019s Name]\n[Recipient\u2019s Title]\n[Recipient\u2019s Affiliation]\n[Address]\nDear [Recipient\u2019s Name],\nI am writing to wholeheartedly recommend [Student\u2019s Name] for admission to the prestigious graduate program in computer science at [University Name]. As [Student\u2019s Name]\u2019s professor and academic advisor, I have had the pleasure of observing their academic prowess, intellectual curiosity, and exceptional character.\nIn my [Number] years of teaching, I have never encountered a student as dedicated and passionate about computer science as [Student\u2019s Name]. They consistently demonstrate exceptional aptitude in programming, algorithms, and data structures, and have shown a keen interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning. [Student\u2019s Name] has also shown great initiative in exploring new areas of research and has made significant contributions to the field through their work on [specific projects or research].\nIn addition to their academic excellence, [Student\u2019s Name] is an individual of exceptional character and integrity. They have consistently demonstrated leadership, teamwork, and collaboration skills, working effectively with their peers and mentors to achieve common goals. Their positive attitude and willingness to help others has made them a valuable member of the academic community.\nI am confident that [Student\u2019s Name] will make a valuable contribution to the graduate program in computer science at [University Name]. Their academic achievements, passion for computer science, and exceptional character make them an ideal candidate for this prestigious program.\nThank you for your consideration of my recommendation. I am confident that [Student\u2019s Name] will excel in their studies and make a significant contribution to the field of computer science.\nSincerely,\n[Your Signature]\n[Your Name]\n[Your Title]\n[Your Affiliation]", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "3qMqAZcfHUVUTEJnMXT8Pw", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 74, "text": "Subject: Introducing our latest innovation: [Software Name]\n\nDear valued customers,\n\nWe are proud to announce the launch of our new software solution, designed to revolutionize [industry/field] with its cutting-edge technology and user-friendly interface.\n\n[Software Name] is the result of years of research and development, and we believe it will bring significant improvements to [specific benefits or advantages]. With its advanced features and customizable options, it is the perfect solution for [target audience or market].\n\nHere are just a few of the key features of [Software Name]:\n\n* [Feature 1]\n* [Feature 2]\n* [Feature 3]\n* [Feature 4]\n* [Feature 5]\n\nWe invite you to experience the benefits of [Software Name] for yourself. Our team is available to answer any questions you may have and to help you get started.\n\nTo learn more and to schedule a demo, please visit our website or contact us directly.\n\nThank you for your continued support and for choosing [company name]. We look forward to serving you with our latest innovation.\n\nBest regards,\n[Your name]\n[Company name]", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "hMXjd228Mc8pnc7zgd2frG", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 75, "text": "Subject: Apology and Update on Order Delay\n\nDear [Customer Name],\n\nI am writing to apologize for the delay in the delivery of your order. I understand that this has caused inconvenience and frustration, and I want to assure you that we take this matter very seriously.\n\nWe have thoroughly investigated the issue and have identified the cause of the delay. We want to assure you that the issue has been resolved, and we are taking steps to prevent similar delays in the future.\n\nWe understand the importance of your order and the trust that you have placed in us. We want to assure you that we are committed to providing you with the highest level of service and quality products.\n\nAgain, please accept our sincere apologies for the delay and any inconvenience it may have caused. If you have any further concerns or questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.\n\nSincerely,\n\n[Your Name]", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "gUEd9nNepqy8nsfbypscHx", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 76, "text": "Hello and welcome to our YouTube video on the history and cultural significance of jazz.\nJazz is a genre of music that originated in New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is characterized by its improvisational nature, blues and swing rhythms, and a mixture of different musical traditions, including African rhythms, European classical music, and folk music.\nThe birth of jazz is often attributed to the legendary cornet player, Buddy Bolden, who is said to have played a key role in shaping the sound and style of early jazz. However, it was Louis Armstrong, who is considered the \"Father of Jazz,\" who popularized the genre and brought it to the world.\nJazz has had a profound influence on American culture and has been an important part of the country's musical heritage. It has also played a significant role in shaping the world's music and has been a major influence on many other genres, including rock and roll, hip hop, and R&B.\nJazz has also been a crucial part of the civil rights movement in the United States. The music has often been used as a form of protest and has been associated with the fight for equality and justice.\nThroughout its history, jazz has been shaped and influenced by a wide range of musicians and cultural movements. Today, it continues to evolve and remains an important and influential genre of music, both in the United States and around the world.\nIn conclusion, jazz is a genre of music that has had a rich history and continues to be an important part of American and world culture. Its improvisational nature, blues and swing rhythms, and mixture of different musical traditions have made it a unique and beloved genre of music, and one that will continue to be enjoyed for generations to come.\nThanks for watching, and we hope you learned something new about the history and cultural significance of jazz.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "nZZyn3SAvU8T2BVR73LMHC", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 77, "text": "Aloha, fellow travelers! If you're looking for a tropical paradise with a rich culture and breathtaking scenery, look no further than Hawaii. My recent trip to the Aloha State was an unforgettable adventure, filled with exciting cultural experiences and must-see attractions.\nFirst and foremost, I was blown away by the warm and welcoming spirit of the Hawaiian people. From the moment I arrived, I felt at home and was greeted with open arms by the locals. Whether it was the hotel staff, my tour guide, or the friendly strangers I met on the street, everyone I encountered was eager to share their love for their home state.\nOne of the most memorable cultural experiences I had was attending a traditional Hawaiian luau. At this festive event, I was treated to a delicious feast of local cuisine, including poi, laulau, and kalua pig, all while listening to the hypnotic beat of the hula. The dancers, dressed in beautiful native garb, told stories of the islands and their history through their movements. It was truly a magical evening that allowed me to connect with the rich heritage of Hawaii.\nAnother must-see attraction that left me in awe was the breathtaking beauty of Haleakala National Park. The park boasts a dormant volcano, the largest on the island, that offers a stunning sunrise or sunset hike. As the sun rose over the horizon, I was struck by the vibrant colors and stark beauty of the landscape. It was an experience that truly humbled me, and one that I will never forget.\nOf course, no trip to Hawaii would be complete without spending some time at the beach. With its crystal-clear waters, golden sand, and gentle waves, Wailea Beach was the perfect spot to relax and soak up the sun. Whether you're an avid surfer, a beach bum, or simply looking to unwind, Hawaii's beaches are sure to steal your heart.\nIn conclusion, Hawaii was a true paradise that exceeded all of my expectations. From the moment I stepped off the plane, I was immersed in a culture that was rich, vibrant, and full of life. With so many must-see attractions and unforgettable experiences, Hawaii is the perfect destination for any traveler looking for a little bit of adventure, culture, and relaxation. Mahalo for reading, and I hope to see you in Hawaii soon!", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "YM4qjUM5VfmWnzM3HXRB4G", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 78, "text": "\"Beyond the Horizon\" is a thrilling science fiction film that takes you on a journey through time and space. The movie follows the story of a group of astronauts who are sent on a mission to a distant planet to search for signs of alien life.\n\nThe plot is fast-paced and keeps you on the edge of your seat from start to finish. The special effects are out of this world, with stunning visuals that transport you to a world beyond our own. The characters are well-developed and you easily become invested in their fate.\n\nThe cast is led by a charismatic actor who brings a sense of determination and courage to his role as the leader of the mission. The supporting cast is equally impressive, with each actor bringing their own unique personality to their character.\n\nOverall, \"Beyond the Horizon\" is a must-see movie for science fiction fans and anyone looking for a captivating and thrilling film. With its engaging plot, well-developed characters, and stunning special effects, this movie is sure to leave you with a sense of wonder and awe. So, grab some popcorn and get ready to blast off on an interstellar adventure!", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "WcbzNkzu5q66QkK92NxmGB", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 79, "text": "Opening:\n\"Hey there, welcome to this episode of Sound Matters, where we explore the many facets of the music industry. Today, we're going to be talking about the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry. Whether you're a fan, an artist, or a industry insider, it's hard to deny the massive impact that streaming platforms like Spotify, Apple Music, and Tidal have had on the way we consume and discover music. So, let's dive in and talk about how streaming platforms have changed the game.\"\n\nSegment 1: The Pros of Streaming Platforms\n\n* Increased access to music\n* Convenience and ease of use\n* Greater exposure for artists\n* Revenue streams for artists\n\nSegment 2: The Cons of Streaming Platforms\n\n* Decreased album sales and revenue for artists\n* Artists not being paid fairly\n* Piracy and copyright issues\n* Mental health and addiction concerns\n\nSegment 3: The Future of Streaming Platforms\n\n* Where the industry is headed\n* Potential changes and improvements\n* The role of streaming platforms in the future\n\nClosing:\n\"That's all for this episode of Sound Matters. We hope you enjoyed the discussion on the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry. As always, thank you for tuning in. Until next time, keep listening and keep loving the music.\"", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} {"answer_id": "Tfm4f2mbpKJsa8MT6exs8D", "model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "question_id": 80, "text": "The concert was a true spectacle of sound, featuring a talented orchestra that performed with precision and passion. The conductor lead the ensemble with skill and finesse, bringing out the full range of emotion in each piece.\n\nFrom the opening notes of the first piece, it was clear that the orchestra was in top form. The strings were rich and full-bodied, the woodwinds were crisp and clear, and the brass was powerful and commanding. The overall sound was dynamic and engaging, keeping the audience on the edge of their seats throughout the performance.\n\nOne of the standout pieces of the evening was the second movement of Dvorak's Symphony No. 9, which was performed with a deep sense of longing and yearning. The orchestra's playing was heartfelt and moving, evoking a sense of nostalgia and wistfulness in the audience.\n\nThe final piece of the concert was a rousing performance of Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture, complete with cannon fire and bells. The orchestra played with gusto and energy, bringing the audience to their feet in a standing ovation.\n\nOverall, the concert was a fantastic experience for both the orchestra and the audience. The orchestra played with passion and precision, and the audience was transported by the music. The performance was a true celebration of the power of music, and it left a lasting impression on all who were fortunate enough to be in attendance.", "metadata": {"huggingface_argument": {"do_sample": true, "temperature": 0.7, "max_new_tokens": 1024}}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/caps_boxes_coco2014_val_80.jsonl ================================================ {"id": "000000296284", "image": "000000296284.jpg", "captions": ["A donut shop is full of different flavors of donuts.", "Fruit flavored donuts lined up in a glass fronted cabinet", "A rack with some doughnuts in a glass case.", "A display case in a bakery filled with donuts.", "An assortment of doughnuts are arranged in a display case."], "instances": [{"category": "donut", "bbox": [0.37, 0.584, 0.504, 0.709]}, {"category": "donut", "bbox": [0.369, 0.22, 0.492, 0.317]}, {"category": "donut", "bbox": [0.471, 0.587, 0.639, 0.706]}, {"category": "donut", "bbox": [0.544, 0.213, 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beach,"], "instances": [{"category": "umbrella", "bbox": [0.0, 0.101, 0.567, 0.575]}]} {"id": "000000192817", "image": "000000192817.jpg", "captions": ["A view from a window high up in the sky.", "A bunch of mountains seen from a plane window.", "The window from a plane overlooking the ground.", "The view of a mountain area from an airplane window.", "An aerial view of mountains and lakes from an airplane window."], "instances": []} {"id": "000000258285", "image": "000000258285.jpg", "captions": ["Two large passenger jets flying over a beach filled with birds.", "A plane is flying over a bird filed lake", "Two airplanes are in the sky over blue water.", "An airplane landing over an airplane on the ground.", "A photo of two plans with water and birds surrounding it , one plane in the air one one the ground."], "instances": [{"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.507, 0.941, 0.536, 0.973]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.304, 0.933, 0.315, 0.95]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.129, 0.885, 0.143, 0.912]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.158, 0.851, 0.165, 0.87]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.404, 0.839, 0.429, 0.864]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.498, 0.833, 0.513, 0.861]}, {"category": "airplane", "bbox": [0.276, 0.085, 0.825, 0.316]}, {"category": "airplane", "bbox": [0.478, 0.252, 0.983, 0.495]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.552, 0.828, 0.564, 0.844]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.789, 0.812, 0.798, 0.836]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.927, 0.82, 0.936, 0.838]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.65, 0.828, 0.664, 0.849]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.752, 0.81, 0.763, 0.83]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.841, 0.817, 0.852, 0.828]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.292, 0.849, 0.311, 0.868]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.005, 0.727, 0.981, 0.998]}]} {"id": "000000506483", "image": "000000506483.jpg", "captions": ["An art installation is placed by a street.", "People sit near a display of large artworks including an oversize bench and painted feline heads.", "Looking down on a giant rocking bench and large animal heads.", "An over sized wooden bench next to two massive animal art sculptures.", "artistic sculptures and images on a city street"], "instances": [{"category": "car", "bbox": [0.656, 0.939, 0.933, 1.0]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.08, 0.664, 0.147, 0.805]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.154, 0.646, 0.217, 0.821]}, {"category": "bench", "bbox": [0.316, 0.124, 0.951, 0.635]}, {"category": "backpack", "bbox": [0.062, 0.701, 0.097, 0.769]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.0, 0.132, 0.031, 0.197]}]} {"id": "000000502168", "image": "000000502168.jpg", "captions": ["a fleet of naval ships in the ocean", "A group of men on aircraft carrier with other boats in the distance.", "A large ship floating in the ocean next to other ships.", "Several men on a boat looking over the side.", "The men wear hardhats as they work on the aircraft carrier."], "instances": [{"category": "boat", "bbox": [0.634, 0.292, 1.0, 0.982]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.675, 0.507, 0.736, 0.731]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.684, 0.737, 0.817, 1.0]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.803, 0.691, 0.883, 0.932]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.741, 0.56, 0.798, 0.767]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.924, 0.269, 0.951, 0.367]}, {"category": "boat", "bbox": [0.079, 0.171, 0.172, 0.231]}, {"category": "boat", "bbox": [0.863, 0.131, 0.961, 0.239]}, {"category": "boat", "bbox": [0.435, 0.288, 0.46, 0.313]}, {"category": "boat", "bbox": [0.591, 0.186, 0.605, 0.222]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.451, 0.289, 0.455, 0.296]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.446, 0.29, 0.451, 0.296]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.872, 0.627, 0.957, 0.966]}, {"category": "person", "bbox": [0.44, 0.288, 0.446, 0.3]}]} {"id": "000000319432", "image": "000000319432.jpg", "captions": ["Man holding two shirts with luggage and window", "A man holding clothes on a hanger with a suitcase in front of him.", "A man show a red and a white clothing hangers.", "A man holding his garment bags in both hands", "A man holding up some clothes in some hanger bags."], "instances": [{"category": "person", "bbox": [0.0, 0.092, 0.776, 0.852]}, {"category": "suitcase", "bbox": [0.153, 0.798, 0.587, 1.0]}]} {"id": "000000131019", "image": "000000131019.jpg", "captions": ["Two zebras and two monkeys walking on the grass.", "Two giraffes and another animal are on green grass.", "A baboon and two zebras grazing on the savannah.", "A baboon and its baby eat by two zebras in the grass", "Monkey standing behind two zebras as they graze."], "instances": [{"category": "zebra", "bbox": [0.367, 0.258, 0.834, 0.646]}, {"category": "zebra", "bbox": [0.161, 0.13, 0.396, 0.375]}, {"category": "bird", "bbox": [0.309, 0.138, 0.34, 0.163]}]} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/model.jsonl ================================================ {"model_id": "vicuna-13b:20230322-clean-lang", "model_name": "vicuna-13b", "model_version": "20230322-clean-lang", "model_metadata": "vicuna-13b-20230322-clean-lang"} {"model_id": "alpaca-13b:v1", "model_name": "alpaca-13b", "model_version": "v1", "model_metadata": "alpaca-13b"} {"model_id": "llama-13b:v1", "model_name": "llama-13b", "model_version": "v1", "model_metadata": "hf-llama-13b"} {"model_id": "bard:20230327", "model_name": "bard", "model_version": "20230327", "model_metadata": "Google Bard 20230327"} {"model_id": "gpt-3.5-turbo:20230327", "model_name": "gpt-3.5-turbo", "model_version": "20230327", "model_metadata": "OpenAI ChatGPT gpt-3.5-turbo Chat Completion"} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/prompt.jsonl ================================================ {"prompt_id": 1, "system_prompt": "You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.", "prompt_template": "[Question]\n{question}\n\n[Assistant 1]\n{answer_1}\n\n[End of Assistant 1]\n\n[Assistant 2]\n{answer_2}\n\n[End of Assistant 2]\n\n[System]\n{prompt}\n\n", "defaults": {"prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above.\nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "description": "Prompt for general questions"} {"prompt_id": 2, "system_prompt": "You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.", "prompt_template": "[Question]\n{question}\n\n[Assistant 1]\n{answer_1}\n\n[End of Assistant 1]\n\n[Assistant 2]\n{answer_2}\n\n[End of Assistant 2]\n\n[System]\n{prompt}\n\n", "defaults": {"prompt": "Your task is to evaluate the coding abilities of the above two assistants. They have been asked to implement a program to solve a given problem. Please review their code submissions, paying close attention to their problem-solving approach, code structure, readability, and the inclusion of helpful comments.\n\nPlease ensure that the assistants' submissions:\n\n1. Correctly implement the given problem statement.\n2. Contain accurate and efficient code.\n3. Include clear and concise comments that explain the code's logic and functionality.\n4. Adhere to proper coding standards and best practices.\n\nOnce you have carefully reviewed both submissions, provide detailed feedback on their strengths and weaknesses, along with any suggestions for improvement. You should first output a single line containing two scores on the scale of 1-10 (1: no code/no sense; 10: perfect) for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. Then give extra comments starting from the next line."}, "description": "Prompt for coding questions"} {"prompt_id": 3, "system_prompt": "You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.", "prompt_template": "[Question]\n{question}\n\n[Assistant 1]\n{answer_1}\n\n[End of Assistant 1]\n\n[Assistant 2]\n{answer_2}\n\n[End of Assistant 2]\n\n[System]\n{prompt}\n\n", "defaults": {"prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the mathematical proficiency of two AI assistants regarding the given user question.\nFirstly, please solve the problem independently, without referring to the answers provided by Assistant 1 and Assistant 2.\nAfterward, please examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 step-by-step to ensure their correctness, identifying any incorrect steps if present. Your evaluation should take into account not only the answer but also the problem-solving steps.\nFinally, please output a Python tuple containing two numerical scores for Assistant 1 and Assistant 2, ranging from 1 to 10, respectively. If applicable, explain the reasons for any variations in their scores and determine which assistant performed better."}, "description": "Prompt for math questions"} {"prompt_id": 4, "system_prompt": "You are a helpful and precise assistant for checking the quality of the answer.", "prompt_template": "[Visual Context]\n{context}\n[Question]\n{question}\n\n[Assistant 1]\n{answer_1}\n\n[End of Assistant 1]\n\n[Assistant 2]\n{answer_2}\n\n[End of Assistant 2]\n\n[System]\n{prompt}\n\n", "defaults": {"prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with five descriptive sentences describing the same image and the bounding box coordinates of each object in the scene. These coordinates are in the form of bounding boxes, represented as (x1, y1, x2, y2) with floating numbers ranging from 0 to 1. These values correspond to the top left x, top left y, bottom right x, and bottom right y. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "description": "Prompt for visual questions"} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/question.jsonl ================================================ {"question_id": 1, "text": "How can I improve my time management skills?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 2, "text": "What are the most effective ways to deal with stress?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 3, "text": "What are the main differences between Python and JavaScript programming languages?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 4, "text": "How can I increase my productivity while working from home?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 5, "text": "Can you explain the basics of quantum computing?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 6, "text": "What are the differences between plant-based and animal-based protein sources?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 7, "text": "How can I develop my critical thinking skills?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 8, "text": "What are the major challenges faced by the education sector today?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 9, "text": "What are the primary factors that influence consumer behavior?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 10, "text": "What are the most effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace?", "category": "generic"} {"question_id": 11, "text": "What are some potential implications of using a single-use plastic bottle versus a reusable bottle on both the environment and human health?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 12, "text": "What factors would you consider when designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 13, "text": "How can governments utilize fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 14, "text": "How do language and cultural barriers affect the way people communicate and form relationships in multicultural societies?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 15, "text": "Describe a scenario where artificial intelligence could be used to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery.", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 16, "text": "Explain the process of gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and discuss its potential applications and ethical implications.", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 17, "text": "How do vaccinations work to protect individuals and communities from infectious diseases, and what is herd immunity?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 18, "text": "How do social media platforms influence the way people consume and share news, and what are the potential implications for the spread of misinformation?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 19, "text": "How do cultural, social, and economic factors influence people's food choices, and how can this knowledge be used to promote healthier diets?", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 20, "text": "Explain the process of natural selection and how it contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species.", "category": "knowledge"} {"question_id": 21, "text": "How would you introduce yourself as a medieval knight at a royal banquet?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 22, "text": "As a pirate captain, what would you say to your crew to motivate them to search for hidden treasure?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 23, "text": "If you were a Shakespearean character, how would you declare your love for someone in a soliloquy?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 24, "text": "As a superhero, how would you explain your origin story to a curious child?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 25, "text": "Imagine you are a time traveler from the year 3000. What technological advancements would you tell people about?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 26, "text": "As a sports commentator, describe the winning play in the final seconds of a championship game.", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 27, "text": "Pretend to be a world-famous chef. How would you describe your signature dish to a panel of judges?", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 28, "text": "You are a mountain climber reaching the summit of Mount Everest. Describe your emotions and the view from the top.", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 29, "text": "As a space colonist on Mars, describe your daily life and the challenges you face living on another planet.", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 30, "text": "Pretend to be a character in a post-apocalyptic world. Describe how you survive and the allies you encounter.", "category": "roleplay"} {"question_id": 31, "text": "How can you determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists, and why might this information be useful?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 32, "text": "What are some subtle clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 33, "text": "Why might someone choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 34, "text": "How can you determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 35, "text": "Why might someone prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 36, "text": "How can you assess the credibility of a source of information, such as a news article or blog post, without relying solely on the reputation of the author or publisher?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 37, "text": "Why do some people enjoy the sensation of being scared, such as by watching horror movies or going on roller coasters, while others avoid these experiences?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 38, "text": "How can observing the behavior of other people in a social situation provide clues about cultural norms and expectations?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 39, "text": "Do we have a moral obligation to explore space, or should we focus on solving Earth's problems first?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 40, "text": "In a world where automation is becoming increasingly prevalent, is it more important to prioritize job creation or technological progress?", "category": "common-sense"} {"question_id": 41, "text": "How many times does the average human blink in a lifetime? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 42, "text": "How many atoms are in a grain of salt? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 43, "text": "How many lightning strikes occur on Earth each day? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 44, "text": "How many balloons would it take to lift a house like in the movie \"Up\"? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 45, "text": "How many text messages are sent globally in a minute? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 46, "text": "How many words are spoken daily on Earth? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 47, "text": "How many snowflakes fall during a typical winter? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 48, "text": "How many pages are in all the books ever written? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 49, "text": "How many times has the Earth orbited the Sun since the beginning of life? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 50, "text": "How many songs have been recorded throughout history? Try to explain your answer. Your explanation should take the reader through your reasoning step-by-step.", "category": "fermi"} {"question_id": 51, "text": "What if the Internet had been invented during the Renaissance period?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 52, "text": "What if the Aztecs had successfully repelled the Spanish conquistadors?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 53, "text": "What if the Black Death had not occurred in the 14th century?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 54, "text": "What if Isaac Newton had focused on biology instead of physics?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 55, "text": "What if the Beatles had never formed as a band?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 56, "text": "What if Alan Turing had not cracked the Enigma code during World War II?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 57, "text": "What if the Suez Canal had never been constructed?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 58, "text": "What if the Maya civilization had never mysteriously collapsed?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 59, "text": "What if Christopher Columbus had not discovered the Americas?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 60, "text": "What if Vincent van Gogh had been a successful artist during his lifetime?", "category": "counterfactual"} {"question_id": 61, "text": "Develop a C++ program that reads a text file line by line and counts the number of occurrences of a specific word in the file.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 62, "text": "Implement a Python function to find the longest common subsequence of two input strings using dynamic programming.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 63, "text": "Implement a regular expression in Python to validate an email address.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 64, "text": "Write a program to find the nth Fibonacci number using dynamic programming.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 65, "text": "Implement a binary search algorithm to find a specific element in a sorted array.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 66, "text": "Implement a queue data structure using two stacks in Python.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 67, "text": "Implement a program to find the common elements in two arrays without using any extra data structures.", "category": "coding"} {"question_id": 68, "text": "Given that f(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3, find the value of f(2).", "category": "math"} {"question_id": 69, "text": "Solve for x in the equation 3x + 10 = 5(x - 2).", "category": "math"} {"question_id": 70, "text": "If the endpoints of a line segment are (2, -2) and (10, 4), what is the length of the segment?", "category": "math"} {"question_id": 71, "text": "Can you help me write a formal email to a potential business partner proposing a joint venture?", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 72, "text": "Can you help me write a resignation letter to my current employer, while leaving on good terms and expressing gratitude for the opportunities provided?", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 73, "text": "Use an appropriate format to structure a formal letter of recommendation for a student applying to a prestigious graduate program in computer science.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 74, "text": "Write a compelling product launch announcement email to inform our customers of our new software solution.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 75, "text": "Draft an apology email to a customer who experienced a delay in their order, and provide reassurance that the issue has been resolved.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 76, "text": "Write a script for a YouTube video exploring the history and cultural significance of jazz.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 77, "text": "Compose an engaging travel blog post about a recent trip to Hawaii, highlighting cultural experiences and must-see attractions.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 78, "text": "Write a captivating movie review for a recently released science fiction film, discussing its plot, characters, and special effects.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 79, "text": "Structure a podcast script for an episode discussing the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry.", "category": "writing"} {"question_id": 80, "text": "Write a symphony concert review, discussing the orchestra's performance and overall audience experience.", "category": "writing"} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/results/test_sqa_llava_13b_v0.json ================================================ { "acc": 90.8983730252299, "correct": 3855, "count": 4241, "results": { "4": 1, "5": 1, "11": 1, "15": 0, "22": 0, "23": 1, "26": 0, "27": 1, "29": 3, "42": 3, "46": 0, "47": 3, "51": 0, "61": 1, "62": 3, "78": 1, "85": 1, "86": 0, "87": 0, "92": 2, "93": 0, "95": 0, "96": 0, "111": 3, "121": 3, "126": 0, "128": 1, "133": 0, "139": 1, "140": 3, "142": 1, "145": 1, "149": 0, "155": 1, "156": 1, "158": 1, "161": 1, "163": 2, "167": 1, "170": 1, "172": 2, "176": 0, "180": 1, "182": 1, "183": 0, "184": 1, "188": 0, "193": 1, "196": 1, "198": 0, "209": 3, "210": 2, "214": 0, "230": 0, "232": 1, "234": 2, "237": 0, "266": 0, "269": 2, "271": 0, "272": 0, "275": 1, "280": 1, "282": 0, "286": 1, "288": 0, "292": 1, "293": 2, "298": 0, "301": 2, "305": 1, "315": 1, "319": 0, "324": 0, "325": 0, "330": 2, "332": 0, "333": 0, "337": 1, "338": 2, "342": 0, "345": 1, "348": 0, "363": 1, "366": 1, "374": 0, "383": 1, "387": 3, "389": 1, "392": 0, "402": 1, "404": 1, "406": 1, "415": 0, "427": 0, "433": 0, "440": 0, "445": 0, "453": 1, "456": 0, "457": 0, "460": 0, "466": 0, "469": 0, "470": 2, "509": 1, "512": 0, "515": 1, "517": 2, "519": 3, "522": 2, "532": 1, "533": 0, "534": 1, "536": 1, "539": 1, "541": 0, "543": 2, "550": 1, "552": 0, "554": 0, "557": 1, "573": 1, "576": 1, "577": 2, "584": 2, "593": 2, "595": 0, "600": 0, "603": 1, "605": 0, "612": 1, 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They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nSing, O goddess, is a direct address to the goddess Diomedes.\n The answer is B.", "5": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "11": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "15": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dozen is not between the guide words daddy - definition\n The answer is A.", "22": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince service is between the guide words shot - suit, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "23": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the mushroom starts from the mushroom's own arrows. No arrow points to the mushroom from outside the food web. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the mushroom.\nThe only arrow pointing to the bilberry starts from the bilberry's own arrows. No arrow points to the bilberry from outside the food web. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the bilberry.\n The answer is B.", "26": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 33 minutes.\n33 hours is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "27": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\n The answer is B.", "29": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "42": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a woolly fleece or a hairy fleece, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fleece type trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for a hairy fleece, is dominant over the f allele, which is for a woolly fleece.\nA woolly fleece is the recessive allele's version of the fleece type trait. A sheep with the recessive version of the fleece type trait must have only recessive alleles for the fleece type gene. So, offspring with a woolly fleece must have the genotype ff.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. This box is highlighted below.\nA hairy fleece is the dominant allele's version of the fleece type trait. A sheep with the dominant version of the fleece type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fleece type gene. So, offspring with a hairy fleece must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype FF or Ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a woolly fleece to offspring with a hairy fleece is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with a woolly fleece for every 3 offspring with a hairy fleece.\n The answer is D.", "46": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. None of the objects are opaque.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The ball of wet clay is slippery, but the gold crown and the card are not.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is A.", "47": "Assistant: SOLUTION: At the start of World War I, many people believed the war would be over quickly.\n The answer is D.", "51": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "61": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "62": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "78": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that Jupiter is the largest planet and that Jupiter is made mainly of gas. So, the largest planet is made mainly of gas.\n The answer is B.", "85": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe copepod has an arrow pointing to it from the diatom. The diatom is a producer, so the copepod is a primary consumer.\nThe rotifer has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the rotifer is a primary consumer.\nThe bacteria have arrows pointing to them from the copepod and the shiner. Neither the copepod nor the shiner is a producer, so the bacteria are not primary consumers.\nThe black crappie has arrows pointing to it from the water flea, the rotifer, and the shiner. None of these organisms is a produce, so the black crappie is not a primary consumer.\n The answer is B.", "86": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "87": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Daintree rain forest has year-round rain. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "92": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Dover is the capital of Delaware.\n The answer is C.", "93": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "95": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest north.\n The answer is A.", "96": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince itch is between the guide words simulate - iron, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "111": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Greta wanted broccoli in her lunch and Allie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nGreta has tomatoes. Allie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "121": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is D.", "126": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince streak is between the guide words serpent - skirt, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "128": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "133": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: An oak tree is a plant. It can have thick branches.\nAcorns grow on oak trees. Acorns are small nuts with a seed inside.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas eat fish. They can also eat other mammals.\n The answer is A.", "139": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A prudent leader has a more positive connotation. Prudent and cowardly both denote not wanting to do something. However, prudent suggests a person who is cautious and wise, while cowardly suggests a person who is afraid.\n The answer is B.", "140": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is D.", "142": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bruise is between the guide words blush - buffalo, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 45\u00b0F.\n45\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "149": "Assistant: LECTURE: Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\nSOLUTION: An alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA grass frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\n The answer is A.", "155": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor all religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree suggests that they are related. Each branch of the tree is connected to the same root, and without the roots, the branches could not exist.\n The answer is B.", "156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "158": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the path.\nThe path is made of brick.\nBrick is a strong, light material that can be used to make roads. Brick can be made in many different colors. This path is made of a type of brick called cobblestone.\n The answer is B.", "161": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "163": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words wife and hide rhyme. They both end with the ide sound.\nThe word life does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "167": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 100 and 125. So, the temperature is 110\u00b0F.\n The answer is B.", "170": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The toothpaste is sticky, but the blue shorts and the hard object are not.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The blue shorts are blue, but the hard object and the toothpaste are not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard.\n The answer is B.", "172": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 4 kilometers.\n4 millimeters, 4 centimeters, and 4 meters are all too short.\n The answer is C.", "176": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince guess is between the guide words garage - goose, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "180": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is B.", "182": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is B.", "183": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has two alleles for a tall stem (H). So, the plant's genotype for the stem height gene is HH.\n The answer is A.", "184": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The melted marshmallow is not stretchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The melted marshmallow is blue.\n The answer is B.", "188": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Darnel is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Darnel.\n The answer is A.", "193": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a warm grilled cheese sandwich is 55\u00b0C.\n55\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "196": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 5 kilometers.\n5 meters is too short.\n The answer is B.", "198": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Rafflesia arnoldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is A.", "209": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with smooth fruit or fuzzy fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit texture trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for smooth fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for fuzzy fruit.\nSmooth fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit texture trait. A tomato plant with the dominant version of the fruit texture trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit texture gene. So, offspring with smooth fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.\nFuzzy fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit texture trait. A tomato plant with the recessive version of the fruit texture trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit texture gene. So, offspring with fuzzy fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with smooth fruit to offspring with fuzzy fruit is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with smooth fruit. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with fuzzy fruit.\n The answer is D.", "210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nDry ice sublimating is a physical change. But burning a marshmallow is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. But dry ice sublimating is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "214": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 139\u00b0F meatball is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "230": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Lion and the Mouse**.\n The answer is A.", "232": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nDust particles around nine nearby stars may have been caused by long-ago collisions between melting comets and asteroids.\n The answer is B.", "234": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "237": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "266": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nMia is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is A.", "269": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA red-kneed tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA chinchilla is a mammal. Like other mammals, a chinchilla is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is C.", "271": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is A.", "272": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 100\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 85\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "275": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "280": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "282": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Indian Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "286": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe Yasuni National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "288": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. None of the objects are yellow.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fragile.\n The answer is A.", "292": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jordan wants or needs:\nJordan will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the chrysanthemums.\n The answer is B.", "293": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "298": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\nSOLUTION: The word me ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\n The answer is A.", "301": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A pink-backed pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus rufescens.\nPelecanus rufescens has the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nTyto alba does not have the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Tyto alba are not in the same species.\nBalearica pavonina does not have the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Balearica pavonina are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "305": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.\n The answer is B.", "315": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Lacey thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\n The answer is B.", "319": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nCast a gloom over the evening is an understatement, since the Grim Reaper's visit makes the evening very gloomy.\n The answer is A.", "324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "325": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "330": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is C.", "332": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf.\nThis Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe common hawk-cuckoo has a gray head, a gray-and-brown back, and a white belly with a gray-and-brown pattern. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is A.", "333": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\n The answer is A.", "337": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Goliath heron's scientific name is Ardea goliath. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Ardea goliath are in the same genus.\nFalco sparverius is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco sparverius and Ardea goliath are not in the same genus.\nTigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma. The first word of its scientific name is Tigrisoma. So, Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ardea goliath are not in the same genus.\n The answer is B.", "338": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Lucia.\n The answer is C.", "342": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "345": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nWhen the supervisor arrived at the quarry, six dump trucks were in line at the gate.\n The answer is B.", "348": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 26\u00b0C.\n26\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is A.", "363": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wood ruler is bumpier. If you touch a piece of wood, it will feel bumpy and lumpy.\n The answer is B.", "366": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Fromia monilis is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms.\n The answer is B.", "374": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nTambor Beach is located in Costa Rica, a country in Central America. A temperature of 84\u00b0F was measured at Tambor Beach on Friday.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature at Tambor Beach on Friday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "383": "Assistant: LECTURE: Writers can organize their ideas in different ways. These ways of organizing writing are called text structures. When you can tell how a text is organized, it's easier to understand how the writer's ideas go together. You can also use these text structures to organize your own writing.\n | Text structure | Where you might find it | Words and phrases to look for\nA sequential structure tells you about events that happen in a certain order. | a recipe for how to make a blueberry pie | first, until, second, after, next, then, before, finally, during\nA cause-effect structure shows the causes and the effects, or results, of an event. | an essay about how recycling helps the environment | because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason\nA problem-solution structure explains a problem and offers possible solutions. | an article about ways to get more people to vote | issue, suggest, question, puzzle, fix, answer\nA compare-contrast structure shows how two (or more) things are the same or different. | a chapter about the differences between whales and sharks | like, unlike, too, on the other hand, both, while, same, instead, common, different, as well as, however\nA descriptive structure tells you a list of details about an object, scene, or topic. | a paragraph about what Tyrannosaurus rex looked like| for example, near, for instance beside, such as, most important, also\nSOLUTION: The text uses a cause-effect structure to show the effects of watching too much television. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a cause-effect structure. Notice the words because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason, and also the phrases watches too much television and as a result.\n The answer is B.", "387": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is D.", "389": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by evoking pity and compassion.\n The answer is B.", "392": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Pablo is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "402": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the orange oakleaf butterfly.\nThe orange oakleaf butterfly has a brown leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Surinam horned frog has brown skin and a yellow-brown body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color.\nThe strawberry poison frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves.\n The answer is B.", "404": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\n The answer is B.", "406": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "415": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "427": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "433": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nature is between the guide words neither - nuisance, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "440": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\n The answer is A.", "445": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is A.", "453": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is B.", "456": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe tired boy was a slow turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe tired boy was as slow as a turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared using the word as.\n The answer is A.", "457": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "460": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\n The answer is A.", "466": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable.\n The answer is A.", "469": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "470": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "509": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Argema mittrei is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Argema mittrei is the scientific name.\n The answer is B.", "512": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "515": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The track suit is fuzzy, but the water slide and the symbol are not.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All three objects are stretchy.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The water slide and the symbol are not smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is stretchy.\n The answer is B.", "517": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "519": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north.\n The answer is D.", "522": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "532": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to go for a walk with a dog is 13 minutes.\n13 seconds is too fast.\n The answer is B.", "533": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "534": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the drop of honey with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "536": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the flamingo.\nLong legs help the flamingo keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian spoonbill has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe kookaburra has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The kookaburra uses its legs to walk and perch.\n The answer is B.", "539": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Martha lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThe passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Martha lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "541": "Assistant: LECTURE: Sediments are deposits of rocks, minerals, and other materials. Sediments can be found in places like riverbeds, beaches, and other areas where materials are deposited.\nSOLUTION: Sandstone is a rock that forms from layers of sand. Sandstone is common in deserts.\n The answer is A.", "543": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words wife and swim rhyme. They both end with the im sound.\nThe word life does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "550": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Hari's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Hari's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for a spotted coat. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Hari's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nHari's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\n The answer is B.", "552": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\n The answer is A.", "554": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 155\u00b0F mug of cocoa is hotter than the 115\u00b0F mug of cocoa, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "557": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Ken, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Ken down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Ken up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Ken.\n The answer is B.", "573": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million dollars is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that the laptop actually cost a million dollars.\n The answer is B.", "576": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Each force acts on an object in a certain direction. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, they are called opposing forces.\nSOLUTION: Find the direction Rusty pulls on the toy.\nTwo dogs, Rusty and Coco, play with a toy. Think about two of the forces that act on the toy:\nCoco pulls toward herself.\nRusty pulls away from Coco.\nThe text tells you that Rusty pulls away from Coco. The opposite direction is toward Coco. So, the direction of the opposing force is toward Coco.\n The answer is B.", "577": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is C.", "584": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is C.", "593": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 18 miles.\n18 inches and 18 yards are both too short.\n The answer is C.", "595": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the backpack that is heavier.\nA backpack carrying 9 pounds is heavier than a backpack carrying 6 pounds. So, the backpack carrying 9 pounds needs to be pulled with a larger force to start rolling at the same speed as the other backpack.\n The answer is A.", "600": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4\n The answer is A.", "603": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is B.", "605": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "612": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nAbby was surprised when the article said that at least one-third of American adults get less than seven hours of sleep each night.\n The answer is B.", "614": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince radio is between the guide words rescue - road, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "616": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Babies do not need to learn how to hear. They are able to hear naturally. So, the ability to hear is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "617": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a pot of boiling water is 100\u00b0F.\n100\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "621": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is A.", "627": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the ball-and-stick model shown above, both of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that light gray represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol H. So, the model shows you that a molecule of hydrogen is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that hydrogen is composed of only one chemical element. So, hydrogen is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "632": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is South Carolina.\n The answer is B.", "640": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.\n The answer is C.", "641": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a limb is too severely damaged to heal, it may need to be amputated, or removed.\nFor example, a doctor can treat an infected limb with medicine. But if the infection does not go away, it can spread to the rest of the person's body. To stop the infection from spreading, the infected limb may need to be amputated.\nIn other cases, when a limb is badly injured, the skin, bones, muscles, and nerves may be severely damaged. If the damaged tissue cannot heal, it may die. The severely damaged or dead tissue then needs to be amputated.\n The answer is A.", "645": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is B.", "667": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "670": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is C.", "671": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nCouldn't find the time means that he was too busy to look for his watch.\n The answer is B.", "674": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is B.", "686": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is B.", "689": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNever say never at first appears to be contradictory: by saying the phrase itself, you have already said never. However, it contains some truth: people often change their minds as they age and so should not rule anything out by saying never.\n The answer is A.", "691": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "693": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "694": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 22\u00b0F.\n22\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "730": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe three-toed sloth has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe sea turtle has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The sea turtle uses its flippers to swim underwater.\n The answer is A.", "734": "Assistant: LECTURE: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)\nSOLUTION: When a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine, the tapeworm gets nutrients from the rat's food. So, the tapeworm benefits from its relationship with the rat.\nThe rat's intestine is harmed by the tapeworm. So, the rat is harmed by its relationship with the tapeworm.\nSince the tapeworm benefits and the rat is harmed, a parasitic relationship is formed when a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine.\n The answer is A.", "739": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 135\u00b0C block is hotter than the 110\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "741": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "751": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The wet glue and the silk tie are not salty.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The wet glue and the silk tie are not scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is C.", "752": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nA living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web.\nA living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Decomposers help break down dead living things into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other living things grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another living thing to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another living thing.\nThe bat star has an arrow pointing from it. So, the bat star is not a decomposer.\nThe kelp does not have arrows pointing from it to other living things. So, the kelp is a decomposer.\n The answer is A.", "754": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: The properties of marble match the properties of a rock. So, marble is a rock.\n The answer is A.", "763": "Assistant: LECTURE: All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nSOLUTION: Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if ethane is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with C for carbon or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that ethane is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, ethane is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "764": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "769": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Mix doesn't belong.\nStir, chop, and blend all name ways to mix things.\n The answer is D.", "781": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "785": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Gavia immer is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Gavia immer is the scientific name.\n The answer is A.", "788": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Montana is farthest west.\n The answer is C.", "795": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "814": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a limb is too severely damaged to heal, it may need to be amputated, or removed.\nFor example, a doctor can treat an infected limb with medicine. But if the infection does not go away, it can spread to the rest of the person's body. To stop the infection from spreading, the infected limb may need to be amputated.\nIn other cases, when a limb is badly injured, the skin, bones, muscles, and nerves may be severely damaged. If the damaged tissue cannot heal, it may die. The severely damaged or dead tissue then needs to be amputated.\n The answer is B.", "816": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pink is between the guide words parrot - property, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "824": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nRonald shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nRonald shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "827": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. All three objects are yellow.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. None of the objects are slippery.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is yellow.\n The answer is C.", "828": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Cape Breton Highlands National Park ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. It has many evergreen trees. The following statement does not describe Cape Breton Highlands National Park: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "834": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "840": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nor is between the guide words nap - neither, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "841": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the short-tailed weasel starts from the brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bear sedge and the bilberry. Neither the bear sedge nor the bilberry has any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the short-tailed weasel.There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the grizzly bear: lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear. lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->grizzly bear. There are three paths matter can take from the lichen to the lichen bug: lichen->barren-ground caribou->lichen bug. lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->lichen bug. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->lichen bug. brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bear sedge and the bilberry. Neither the bear sedge nor the bilberry has any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the brown lemming.. There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the rough-legged hawk: lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->rough-legged hawk. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the bilberry: lichen->barren-ground caribou->bilberry. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->bilberry.\n The answer is A.", "843": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "845": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word complained. It describes the washing machine as if it were a grumpy, overworked person.\n The answer is A.", "849": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "851": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bryant wants or needs:\nBryant will spend more money. Plane tickets for Bryant to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Iowa.\n The answer is A.", "856": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. McDowell's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with her scooter.\nWhen Becky parked her scooter next to Mr. McDowell's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire.\n The answer is B.", "865": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the common nighthawk.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common nighthawk uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe barn swallow has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The barn swallow uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.\n The answer is B.", "868": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Benjamin Franklin was born in 1776. He was born in the United States, in the colony of Pennsylvania.\nBenjamin Franklin was one of the most famous Americans of his time. He was a writer, an inventor, and a statesman.\n The answer is C.", "878": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCrustaceans have the following traits:\nThey have two pairs of antennae.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA blue crab has the following traits:\nIt has two pairs of antennae.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nA blue crab has the traits of a crustacean. A blue crab is a crustacean.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft body.\nIt has a cylindrical body.\nIt has segments.\nAn earthworm does not have all of the traits of a crustacean. An earthworm is a segmented worm.\n The answer is B.", "879": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "880": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is D.", "886": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is D.", "888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "898": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: The properties of dolerite match the properties of a rock. So, dolerite is a rock.\n The answer is B.", "900": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is B.", "901": "Assistant: SOLUTION: According to the Seventh Amendment, who has the final say in deciding who wins a court case?\nThe jury has the final say in court cases. A jury is a group of regular citizens who listen to a trial. Then they decide together which side is right. In the United States, juries are supposed to come from the area where the crime or disagreement took place. Most trial juries have between 6 and 12 people, called jurors. If you are an American citizen, you may be asked to be on a jury someday! Part of the text of the Seventh Amendment is below. What kind of trials does the amendment talk about? In suits at common law...the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.\n The answer is D.", "905": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mia wants or needs:\nMia will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\n The answer is A.", "908": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Cara barely made it to the train station in time.\n The answer is B.", "909": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "913": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "916": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nFelipe VI is the king of Spain.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about Spain.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIt is bad for a country to have a king or queen.\nBad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether a country is better off with or without a king or queen.\n The answer is B.", "918": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Austen wanted broccoli in his lunch and Naomi was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nAusten has tomatoes. Naomi has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "923": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Icarus is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Icarus's father Daedalus built wings for his son but warned him not to fly too high. Too excited to heed his father's advice, Icarus flew so close to the sun that his wings melted and he fell from the sky.\nThe allusion Icarus means an overconfident person who ignores his or her limitations.\n The answer is B.", "926": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "932": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "936": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\n The answer is B.", "945": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Consumers eat other organisms. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other organisms to consumers.\nThe lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer, not a consumer.\nThe mushroom has arrows pointing to it from the mice and the marten. So, the mushroom is a consumer.\n The answer is A.", "952": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is C.", "953": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Our car was stuck in traffic, we were late is a complete sentence. The subject is our car, and the verb is were.\n The answer is B.", "957": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 15\u00b0F.\n15\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "962": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\n The answer is A.", "964": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nClasps the crag with crooked hands repeats the c sound.\n The answer is B.", "973": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that nuclear power plants are a threat to the stability and safety of the world because they rely on fission. However, this isn't necessarily true. Nuclear power plants could be designed in such a way that they would not pose a threat to the stability and safety of the world. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "982": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two basketballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter basketball has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "991": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "993": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nIt was partly cloudy in the Canary Islands last Tuesday.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds in the Canary Islands on Tuesday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "1002": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.\n The answer is A.", "1004": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Adventures of Chuck and Friends.\n The answer is A.", "1009": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "1014": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is A.", "1029": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "1041": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is C.", "1043": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food.\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The yucca moth in this food chain eats the yucca plant.\n The answer is B.", "1044": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\n The answer is A.", "1049": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky.\n The answer is B.", "1050": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Polytrichum commune is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.\n The answer is A.", "1056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a slice of banana turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "1064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nWoodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food.\nA brown tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\n The answer is A.", "1079": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "1082": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word the is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Fresno Bee.\n The answer is A.", "1083": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words job and sob rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word bib does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is A.", "1088": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that all city dwellers are rude because one person was rude. However, this isn't necessarily true. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\n The answer is C.", "1089": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "1093": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "1095": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "1098": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Sixth Amendment says that all criminal trials must be speedy and public. It also says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to get help from a lawyer. A lawyer is a person trained in the law. If someone cannot afford to hire a lawyer, the government will pay for one. Usually these lawyers are called public defenders. There are more than 15,000 public defenders in the United States. They defend people in millions of criminal cases every year. Part of the text of the Sixth Amendment is below. Notice the phrases \"speedy and public trial\" and \"assistance of counsel.\" Does the text mention any other rules for trials? In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed...and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.\n The answer is C.", "1113": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Blossom's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Blossom's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blossom's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nBlossom's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\n The answer is B.", "1114": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to slide down a slide is 3 seconds.\n3 minutes is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "1123": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether beryllium is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that green represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Be. So, the model shows you that beryllium is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that beryllium is composed of only one chemical element. So, beryllium is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "1128": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: An alligator is an animal. It eats other animals.\nAlligators can live in ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nAn ivy is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves.\nIvy can grow on rocks, trees, and buildings.\nA hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants.\nHippopotamuses live in Asia.\nA water buffalo is an animal. It eats plants.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia.\n The answer is B.", "1131": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "1134": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 4 tons.\n4 ounces and 4 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is C.", "1135": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "1137": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "1139": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "1153": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 13 gallons.\n13 fluid ounces and 13 cups are both too little.\n The answer is A.", "1165": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is B.", "1174": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince come is between the guide words clover - cry, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "1179": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nTisha's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nTisha's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "1203": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.\nSOLUTION: This organism's scientific name refers to P. M. A. Morelet.\nThe word moreletii refers to P. M. A. Morelet. So, the Morelet's crocodile's scientific name is Crocodylus moreletii.\n The answer is A.", "1206": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\n The answer is A.", "1208": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the flower vase.\nThe flower vase is made of glass.\nGlass is a clear, breakable material. Some flower vases are made of glass, and others are made of plastic. Plastic does not break as easily as glass does.\n The answer is B.", "1211": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "1212": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "1221": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A wombat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a wombat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a trapdoor spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA forest scorpion is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA birdwing butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a birdwing butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is D.", "1222": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "1223": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.\n The answer is D.", "1224": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. None of the objects are opaque.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The hair clip and the bra are not fragile.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is translucent.\n The answer is A.", "1226": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nTurner wants broccoli. Mona wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "1228": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The fish bowl is transparent.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The fish bowl is not stretchy.\n The answer is B.", "1231": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.\n The answer is B.", "1232": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "1234": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince slide is between the guide words satisfy - suggest, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "1237": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beware is between the guide words bookcase - burden, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "1244": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nBlue Nile Falls is in Ethiopia. The winds in this part of Africa usually blow from the southeast.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Ethiopia. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "1247": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the egg carton.\nThe egg cartons are made of styrofoam.\nStyrofoam is a good material to use for egg cartons because it's a little bit squishy. The eggs can move around a bit inside the styrofoam.\n The answer is B.", "1251": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is D.", "1252": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Jim is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "1253": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "1259": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Tuvalu.\n The answer is C.", "1268": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "1269": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The foil and the silver ring are blue, but the tin foil is not.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is A.", "1281": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is A.", "1282": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 3\u00b0C.\n3\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is A.", "1286": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "1289": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Nebraska is farthest east.\n The answer is A.", "1301": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Cuba.\nDoes Cuba have any territorial disputes?\nCuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year.\n The answer is B.", "1304": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in Rome, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in July and August are around 23\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the hottest months on average.\n The answer is B.", "1309": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is B.", "1314": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Pygmalion is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Pygmalion is a sculptor who falls in love with a statue he has created.\nThe allusion Pygmalion means a person who is overly devoted to his or her work.\n The answer is A.", "1315": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the cougar.\nThe cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The cougar uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe tiger has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe marmot has large front teeth. It does not have sharp teeth. So, its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The marmot uses its mouth to gnaw on stems and branches.\n The answer is A.", "1320": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "1326": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is A.", "1338": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Gina must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Gina's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Gina does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "1339": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "1340": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, harm. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "1355": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\n The answer is A.", "1359": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is C.", "1360": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the rise of video games has led to more computer science PhDs. However, the fact that more people are studying computer science doesn't necessarily mean that video games are responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is A.", "1370": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Pigs Is Pigs.\"\n The answer is B.", "1378": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "1382": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Palau.\n The answer is A.", "1387": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is C.", "1389": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.\n The answer is D.", "1392": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe water mold does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the water mold is a decomposer.\nThe golden algae has arrows pointing from it. So, the golden algae is not a decomposer.\nThe green algae does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the green algae is a decomposer.\nThe rotifer has arrows pointing from it. So, the rotifer is not a decomposer.\n The answer is B.", "1395": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A chameleon is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nChameleons eat insects. They use their long, sticky tongues to catch their prey.\nA giant water lily is a plant. It can grow big flowers.\nGiant water lilies grow in the Amazon river in South America.\n The answer is B.", "1396": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA common snapping turtle has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common snapping turtle has the traits of a reptile. A common snapping turtle is a reptile.\nA salmon has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA salmon does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A salmon is a fish.\n The answer is A.", "1400": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor.\nCervus canadensis and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Cervus canadensis and Castor canadensis have the same species name within their genus, canadensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Cervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus, and Castor canadensis is in the genus Castor.\nCastor fiber is in the genus Castor. The first word of its scientific name is Castor. So, Castor fiber and Castor canadensis are in the same genus.\nGoura scheepmakeri is in the genus Goura. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. So, Goura scheepmakeri and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\n The answer is B.", "1411": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 45\u00b0C.\n45\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "1412": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic hare has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is A.", "1421": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "1431": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is B.", "1445": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "1454": "Assistant: LECTURE: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)\nSOLUTION: When a bristle worm lives on a white sea urchin, the worm gets protection from predators. So, the bristle worm benefits from its relationship with the sea urchin.\nThe sea urchin is not helped by the bristle worm. So, the sea urchin does not benefit from its relationship with the bristle worm.\nSince the bristle worm benefits and the sea urchin is not helped, a commensal relationship is formed when a bristle worm lives on a white sea urchin.\n The answer is B.", "1463": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two baked potatoes have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the baked potato with more mass has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "1468": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Kinsley's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\n The answer is B.", "1469": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 25 centimeters.\n25 meters is too long.\n The answer is A.", "1473": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Joe Di Maggio or Willie Mays.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Mays.\nAccording to Rebecca, Willie Mays hit 660 career home runs, although Joe DiMaggio had a higher batting average. She said that Mays is her favorite player.\n The answer is A.", "1477": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA brick is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, a brick is not a rock.\nGranodiorite is a rock.\nLimestone is a rock.\n The answer is B.", "1491": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "1501": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: He won't get lost I will give him directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: He won't get lost and I will give him directions.\n The answer is B.", "1503": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The rubber band and the yellow feather are not sticky.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. None of the objects are rough.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. All three objects are yellow.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is yellow.\n The answer is B.", "1514": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "1515": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east.\n The answer is A.", "1518": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Carcharodon carcharias is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Carcharodon carcharias is the scientific name.\n The answer is A.", "1526": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average.\n The answer is C.", "1529": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "1531": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two mugs of cider are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cider with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\n The answer is A.", "1532": "Assistant: LECTURE: Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\nSOLUTION: An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nA western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nGorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nAn olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is C.", "1533": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A pet is an animal.\nA pet lives with people.\nYou have to feed a pet.\n The answer is A.", "1540": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Ms. Thompson thinks algebra is useless because she would let students take statistics instead. However, Ms. Thompson only claimed that students should be allowed to take statistics instead of algebra. She did not suggest that algebra is a useless subject. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is C.", "1550": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "1551": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "1558": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is A.", "1569": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "1571": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure, whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\n The answer is A.", "1572": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "1582": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is C.", "1584": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "1586": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Missouri is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "1590": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Nashville, Tennessee. Oklahoma City, Miami, and Atlanta are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is C.", "1592": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Zeke's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Zeke's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\n The answer is B.", "1598": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "1605": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A poem should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Mountain and the Squirrel.\"\n The answer is A.", "1606": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beauty is not between the guide words blame - bunk, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "1608": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Jasper won the school costume contest, his mom felt proud is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Jasper won the school costume contest and His mom felt proud.\n The answer is B.", "1612": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince smile is between the guide words slate - strong, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "1615": "Assistant:\n The answer is D.", "1618": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "1621": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nWater evaporating is a physical change. But baking cookies is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. But water evaporating from a puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "1626": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 12 ounces.\n12 pounds and 12 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is C.", "1628": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the bat star.There is one path matter can take from the sea otter to the bat star: sea otter->orca->bat star. There is one path matter can take from the sea cucumber to the bat star: sea cucumber->plainfin midshipman->bat star. There is one path matter can take from the phytoplankton to the bat star: phytoplankton->plainfin midshipman->bat star.\n The answer is B.", "1632": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince other is not between the guide words occur - oil, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "1633": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "1637": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\n The answer is B.", "1640": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is A.", "1650": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Laura Ellis is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though things declined after Ellis became vice president of the parent-teacher association, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused the downturn. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is B.", "1654": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of an eraser is 2 ounces.\n2 pounds and 2 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "1669": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "1672": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "1674": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: To decide which four planets are the smallest, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. The volumes of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars have the smallest exponents. So, these four planets are the smallest.\nThese four planets are made mainly of rock. So, of the four smallest planets, none are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is A.", "1696": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is A.", "1702": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "1703": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nThe links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But erosion caused by wind is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "1708": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Scarlett has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is A.", "1714": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a normal-sized body or a dwarf body, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the body size trait. The question tells you that the b allele, which is for a dwarf body, is recessive to the B allele, which is for a normal-sized body.\nA normal-sized body is the dominant allele's version of the body size trait. A rat with the dominant version of the body size trait must have at least one dominant allele for the body size gene. So, offspring with a normal-sized body must have the genotype BB or Bb.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype BB or Bb.\nA dwarf body is the recessive allele's version of the body size trait. A rat with the recessive version of the body size trait must have only recessive alleles for the body size gene. So, offspring with a dwarf body must have the genotype bb.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype bb.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a normal-sized body to offspring with a dwarf body is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with a normal-sized body. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with a dwarf body.\n The answer is B.", "1717": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 100 grams.\n100 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is A.", "1719": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nPenguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\n The answer is C.", "1721": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C bottle of water is colder than the 20\u00b0C bottle of water, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "1723": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Alvin's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Alvin's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\n The answer is A.", "1729": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, invited. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is A.", "1738": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.\nEmma took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\n The answer is A.", "1752": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nClara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "1757": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.\nIn a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.\nThe allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.\n The answer is B.", "1760": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The dill pickles are not stretchy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour.\nThe property that both objects have in common is sour.\n The answer is A.", "1762": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "1765": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "1769": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "1773": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "1774": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "1779": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "1784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the pear, the inside will still be white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the pear.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds.\nAcid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "1803": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "1816": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Omnivores are consumers that eat both producers and other consumers. So, an omnivore has arrows pointing to it from at least one producer and at least one consumer.\nThe silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is not an omnivore.\nThe beaver has an arrow pointing to it from the silver maple, which is a producer. The beaver also has an arrow pointing to it from the swallowtail caterpillar, which is a consumer. The beaver eats a producer and a consumer, so it is an omnivore.\nThe black bear has only one arrow pointing to it. This arrow starts from the persimmon tree, which is a producer. So, the black bear is a consumer but not an omnivore.\nThe pine vole has an arrow pointing to it from the persimmon tree, which is a producer. The pine vole also has an arrow pointing to it from the swallowtail caterpillar, which is a consumer. The pine vole eats a producer and a consumer, so it is an omnivore.\nThe gray fox has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the swallowtail caterpillar and the pine vole, which are both consumers. So, the gray fox is a consumer but not an omnivore.\n The answer is D.", "1829": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction after.\nAfter a parrotfish eats algae-covered coral, the coral travels through the fish's digestive system, and then it is deposited in the reef as white coral sand.\n The answer is A.", "1848": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "1857": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. All four objects are opaque.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The paper, the silver ring, and the binder are not fragile.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The paper and the silver ring are not smooth.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is opaque.\n The answer is A.", "1874": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "1878": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\nSOLUTION: The mango is motionless. So, the mango has a constant velocity.\n The answer is A.", "1879": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nReid wants broccoli. Daniel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "1883": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ceramic mug is fragile.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The ceramic mug is not flexible.\n The answer is B.", "1888": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Hampton College is better than Greenpoint University because Hampton College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is C.", "1891": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Circles the date on her wall calendar is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is B.", "1894": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 14 millimeters.\n14 centimeters, 14 meters, and 14 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is B.", "1907": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "1908": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Nicole's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Nicole's foot.\n The answer is B.", "1914": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "1916": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The dill pickles are not blue.\nThe property that both objects have in common is sour.\n The answer is A.", "1921": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Minnie's observable version of the whisker type trait is straight whiskers. So, Minnie's phenotype for the whisker type trait is straight whiskers.\n The answer is B.", "1926": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "1936": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The direction of the pull is toward the sled dog team.\n The answer is B.", "1939": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. However, even though one seafood restaurant was overpriced, that doesn't necessarily mean that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\n The answer is A.", "1940": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Indiana.\n The answer is D.", "1941": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wealthy is between the guide words wand - what, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "1948": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nDuring last night's thunderstorm, a flurry of tiny hailstones danced across the roof of our house.\n The answer is C.", "1949": "Assistant: LECTURE: Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n The answer is C.", "1950": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map.\nThe map shows that Christianity and Judaism originated in the same region of the world. This region is the Middle East.\n The answer is B.", "1951": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is D.", "1952": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the scarlet macaw.\nThe scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The scarlet macaw uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe African gray parrot has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts.\nThe white-tipped sicklebill has a long, thin, curved beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The white-tipped sicklebill uses its beak to drink nectar out of long flowers.\n The answer is A.", "1955": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "1974": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is A.", "1976": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.\n The answer is D.", "1977": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a watering can is 24 cups.\n24 fluid ounces is too little and 24 gallons is too much.\n The answer is A.", "1979": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is B.", "1985": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 27 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 26 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 27 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\n The answer is A.", "2005": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is C.", "2007": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Sphalerite has all the properties of a mineral. So, sphalerite is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "2009": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 154\u00b0F cup of black tea is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "2015": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Eurasian beaver's scientific name is Castor fiber.\nOvis canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, Castor fiber and Ovis canadensis are not in the same species.\nLontra canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, Castor fiber and Lontra canadensis are not in the same species.\nCastor fiber has the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "2018": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Chapman or her assistant.\nMrs. Chapman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Chapman told her assistant to book a flight to Livingston immediately.\n The answer is A.", "2028": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A snowy owl's scientific name is Bubo scandiacus.\nPelecanus erythrorhynchos does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Pelecanus erythrorhynchos are not in the same species.\nArdea herodias does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Ardea herodias are not in the same species.\nBubo scandiacus has the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "2037": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The trombone and the wooden ruler are opaque, but the glass flask is not.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. All three objects are transparent.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The trombone is flexible, but the wooden ruler is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is transparent.\n The answer is B.", "2038": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince width is between the guide words whoop - wren, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "2045": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It uses a graph to display information and uses specific figures (20% lighter).\n The answer is C.", "2051": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two bananas are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the banana with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\n The answer is A.", "2055": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is B.", "2073": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A keel-billed toucan is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nToucans have large beaks. A toucan's beak can be half as long as its body.\nA gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWolves often live in family groups. A wolf mother, father, and their children travel together.\n The answer is A.", "2078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Luca felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\n The answer is A.", "2081": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 20 tons.\n20 ounces and 20 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is A.", "2095": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "2098": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A tent is a solid. You can fold a tent or spread it out. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nWet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is C.", "2107": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 3 meters.\n3 millimeters and 3 centimeters are too short. 3 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is D.", "2110": "Assistant: SOLUTION: According to the Tenth Amendment, the powers not listed in the Constitution are held by the state governments. The amendment says that the powers not given to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.\n The answer is B.", "2122": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bright is not between the guide words believe - burrow, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "2125": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Barbara has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is A.", "2126": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Dale tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Dale's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "2129": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "2138": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Rebecca must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Rebecca's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Rebecca does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is A.", "2141": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Several countries in the Middle East decided to pump less oil from their oil wells. Oil is often made into gasoline. So, the supply of gasoline went down.\n The answer is B.", "2147": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "2148": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Alexandrine parakeet.\nThe Alexandrine parakeet has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The Alexandrine parakeet uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts.\nThe bald ibis has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The bald ibis uses its beak to eat snails.\n The answer is B.", "2149": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the toothpaste would smell more. Toothpaste has a strong smell.\n The answer is A.", "2152": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "2158": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "2163": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "2165": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "2173": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "2186": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "2189": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "2194": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 10 inches.\n10 feet, 10 yards, and 10 miles are all too long.\n The answer is A.", "2205": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Bert sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is A.", "2210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "2221": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott. Whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott, whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\n The answer is A.", "2224": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Dolly's genotype for the coat graying gene is gg. Dolly's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for not having a graying coat. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Dolly's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having a graying coat (G) is dominant over the allele for not having a graying coat (g). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nDolly's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat.\n The answer is A.", "2239": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that larger houses lead to longer lives. However, the size of a house is not necessarily related to the length of a person's life. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false causation.\n The answer is A.", "2244": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the antique vases or the tables.\nThe manager put the antique vases on these tables to show that they are reserved.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nTo show that these tables are reserved, the manager put the antique vases on them.\n The answer is A.", "2255": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Lacey is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is B.", "2259": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Jamaica.\n The answer is A.", "2260": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that President Townsend is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is B.", "2269": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until.\nUncle Kendrick will keep snoring until he rolls over onto his stomach.\n The answer is A.", "2274": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "2286": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.\n The answer is A.", "2289": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "2292": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Algernon has two alleles for brown fur (f). So, Algernon's genotype for the fur color gene is ff.\n The answer is B.", "2297": "Assistant: LECTURE: To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.\nAn animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.\nAn animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.\nSOLUTION: The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and water to cells. It also helps remove carbon dioxide waste.\nThe circulatory system does not break down food into small pieces. This job is done by the digestive system. After the digestive system breaks down food, blood vessels in the intestines absorb the nutrients from the food. The blood then carries the nutrients to cells throughout the body.\n The answer is A.", "2307": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "2308": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 150 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is B.", "2309": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince twine is between the guide words tarpaulin - transport, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "2317": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "2321": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThe windiest months on Mount Everest are November, December, and January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind patterns on Mount Everest. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "2327": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wool sweater is more flexible. If you bend wool, it will not break.\n The answer is B.", "2328": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is B.", "2332": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "2343": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nArianna has tomatoes. Clarence has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "2347": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: The water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is C.", "2349": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her organization by reordering sentences to keep related ideas together.\nFor example, the writer could move the underlined sentences to follow the ideas more clearly.\nI discovered my passion shortly after my freshman year. That summer, at my parents' suggestion, I attended a weeklong seminar sponsored by a local university. Although I was nervous about being the only high school student, I stretched myself and learned a lot. Through the seminar, I mastered the basics of reporting and feature writing. The following summer, I took a creative writing workshop and completed several short stories. In my school's creative writing class this year, I am sharing my stories with others and receiving helpful critiques to improve my craft.\n The answer is C.", "2355": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Albany is the capital of New York.\n The answer is D.", "2360": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Bertholletia excelsa is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "2366": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kiera wants or needs:\nKiera will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the crocuses.\n The answer is B.", "2368": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: To decide which planets are larger than Earth, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. The volumes of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have the largest exponents. So, these planets are larger than Earth.\nJupiter and Saturn are the largest planets in our solar system. Together, they make up more than 90% of the mass of the solar system.\n The answer is B.", "2369": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "2372": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the flamboyant cuttlefish.\nThe flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the flamboyant cuttlefish is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lichen katydid has green and white patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is B.", "2380": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nNovember, December, and January each have over 200 millimeters of precipitation.\n The answer is A.", "2382": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: The properties of scoria match the properties of a rock. So, scoria is a rock.\n The answer is A.", "2383": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is B.", "2384": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the gray heron.\nLong legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe painted stork has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe common kingfisher has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The common kingfisher uses its legs to walk and perch.\n The answer is B.", "2388": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Paula wants or needs:\nPaula will spend more ride tickets on the scorpion than she would have spent on the flying bobsled.\n The answer is B.", "2391": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is A.", "2392": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: The fridge magnet is pulling on the paper clip. So, Newton's third law tells you that the paper clip is pulling on the fridge magnet.\n The answer is A.", "2395": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Kansas is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "2400": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "2401": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.\n The answer is A.", "2406": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 9 fluid ounces.\n9 cups and 9 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is C.", "2413": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "2418": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "2423": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nLandslides are caused by many factors, including earthquakes, storms, and volcanic eruptions, and they can occur in any U.S. state.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about landslides.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nTornadoes are scarier than other natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions.\nScarier shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which natural disaster is scarier.\n The answer is A.", "2429": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile.\nA common loon has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common loon has the traits of a bird. A common loon is a bird.\n The answer is B.", "2432": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\nSOLUTION: The word he ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.\n The answer is A.", "2452": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: From across the room, Uncle Devin's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\n The answer is B.", "2460": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Papua New Guinea.\nWhy does Papua New Guinea share its island with another country?\nPapua New Guinea takes up the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The western half is part of Indonesia, an Asian country.\nBeginning in the 17 th century, several countries took control of different parts of the island of New Guinea. By 1922, Australia controlled the entire eastern half of the island, and the Netherlands controlled the western half. In 1963, control over the western half was transferred to Indonesia, which had just gained independence from the Netherlands. Many people in western New Guinea did not want to become part of Indonesia, though, and some people in this area are still fighting to leave Indonesia today. The eastern part gained independence from Australia in 1975 and became Papua New Guinea.\n The answer is B.", "2473": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is A.", "2479": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The direction of the pull is toward the pliers.\nThe pliers are the source of the pull. Without the pliers, the pull would not exist.\n The answer is A.", "2481": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is D.", "2486": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, wait. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "2494": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words hope and rope rhyme. They both end with the ope sound.\nThe word nose does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "2499": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is C.", "2500": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word asleep. It describes the machines as if they were people who are sleeping.\n The answer is B.", "2502": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is C.", "2510": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a rowboat is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long.\n The answer is C.", "2513": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a parking space is 6 meters.\n6 centimeters is too short.\n The answer is A.", "2523": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "2531": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bike frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nA penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull and gives it a reddish-brown color.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "2538": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is B.", "2539": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ivan wants or needs:\nIvan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n The answer is A.", "2548": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Gale has two alleles for blue body feathers (b). So, Gale's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb.\n The answer is A.", "2551": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\n The answer is A.", "2552": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "2566": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nBoth poles of each magnet line up with both poles of the other magnet. The south pole of each magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "2569": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Greenville College is better than Springtown University because Greenville College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is B.", "2574": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is D.", "2579": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "2584": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "2585": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "2588": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clever is between the guide words cheese - cover, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "2595": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that there are five planets larger than Venus: Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. There are eight planets total. Five-eighths is less than three-quarters. So, five-eighths of the planets are larger than Venus.\n The answer is A.", "2597": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYouth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life at first appears to be contradictory, as youth and old age are opposites. However, it contains some truth: people often look back on their youth with nostalgia, and think that if they could live it over again, they would do things differently.\n The answer is B.", "2604": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Susan investigated whether adding worms to compost containers affects how well food breaks down. The containers that did not get worms did not have the opportunity to get better at breaking down food. So, they were part of a control group.\n The answer is A.", "2621": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you what instrument Yo-Yo Ma plays.\nYo-Yo Ma is a famous cello player. He makes beautiful music. Yo-Yo's name comes from the Chinese word yo, which means \"friendly.\" Yo-Yo's parents were from China. His mother was a singer, and his father was a music teacher.\n The answer is B.", "2624": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All four objects are smooth.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The ice hockey rink is not flexible.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The ice hockey rink is not salty.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is C.", "2626": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "2634": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: An estuary is a type of ecosystem. It has daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is an estuary ecosystem. It has daily flooding and draining of seawater.\nChoice 2 is a freshwater ecosystem. It is not a saltwater ecosystem.\n The answer is B.", "2638": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A rubber balloon is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nThe rubber balloon can be stretched. But it still has a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is C.", "2644": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 1.63 x 10^11 km^3, which is less than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than ten times as large as Mercury's.\n The answer is B.", "2660": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is D.", "2675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, whisper. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "2677": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is A.", "2683": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\n The answer is A.", "2690": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 42 kilometers.\n42 millimeters, 42 centimeters, and 42 meters are all too short.\n The answer is A.", "2699": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nQuinn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is D.", "2704": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "2712": "Assistant: LECTURE: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.\nSOLUTION: Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nSand, mud, and pebbles are all types of sediment. They are deposited in places like riverbeds. Sediments like sand and mud usually build up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock can form when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock.\n The answer is A.", "2715": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMaking paper from wood is a chemical change. Paper is made by mixing tiny pieces of wood with special chemicals. The wood reacts with the chemicals to form pulp. Wood and pulp are different types of matter.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nRoasting is caused by heating. But making paper from wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "2716": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Jamaica.\n The answer is B.", "2722": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "2725": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "2731": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is A.", "2737": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Janet wanted broccoli in her lunch and Kari was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJanet has tomatoes. Kari has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "2740": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a desert ecosystem. It is dry and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a water ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Soil in water ecosystems is usually rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "2741": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the golden dart frog.\nThe golden dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the golden dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lionfish has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe impala has yellow-brown fur. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is A.", "2742": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter piece of rope has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "2745": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a teakettle is 8 cups.\n8 fluid ounces is too little and 8 gallons is too much.\n The answer is C.", "2756": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The crayons are not translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The crayons are colorful.\n The answer is B.", "2758": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others.\n The answer is B.", "2759": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The soccer shorts are not bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The soccer shorts are bouncy.\n The answer is B.", "2760": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "2763": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "2764": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince police is between the guide words pageant - prevail, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "2767": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Great Depression was the most severe period of economic hardship in the 20 th century. It lasted for more than a decade.\n The answer is B.", "2771": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "2779": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Iago's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb. Iago's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for blue body feathers. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Iago's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nIago's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\n The answer is A.", "2783": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "2785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But milk going sour is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "2788": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "2789": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "2790": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the horned viper.\nThe horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Namaqua chameleon has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe fire salamander has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\n The answer is A.", "2791": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "2792": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The building blocks and the silver ring are not slippery.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The building blocks and the silver ring are shiny, but the tree bark is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard.\n The answer is C.", "2795": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is B.", "2796": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nHavana is the capital of Cuba. The winds there were blowing from the east last weekend.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind direction in Havana last weekend. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "2798": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nBrush grabbed describes the brush as if it were a person.\n The answer is A.", "2800": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure.\n The answer is B.", "2814": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on the slice of pizza, look at the forces:\nQuinn is pulling the slice of pizza to the left with a force of 50 N.\nBrad is pulling the slice of pizza to the right with a force of 45 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 50 N and 45 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the slice of pizza.\n The answer is B.", "2817": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\n The answer is B.", "2822": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Jackie's backyard.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Jackie's backyard right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "2827": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince purse is not between the guide words patriot - pleasant, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "2828": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is D.", "2830": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Asia.\n The answer is C.", "2839": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "2845": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A reticulated python's scientific name is Python reticulatus.\nPython bivittatus does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Python bivittatus are not in the same species.\nSciurus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Sciurus vulgaris are not in the same species.\nPython reticulatus has the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "2857": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "2870": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.\n The answer is B.", "2871": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 5 feet.\n5 inches is too short and 5 yards is too long.\n The answer is A.", "2876": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 190 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is A.", "2877": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "2878": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Asimina triloba is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.\n The answer is A.", "2883": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nAnn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is A.", "2886": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is A.", "2888": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "2900": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nDew appearing on grass in the morning is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air touches the cool grass and becomes liquid.\nThe water vapor changes state to become dew, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But dew appearing on the grass is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nDew appears when water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the grass. This is caused by cooling. But ice melting in a cup is not.\n The answer is C.", "2905": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **My Brother the Pig**.\n The answer is B.", "2908": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nThe Red Sea is a popular place for windsurfing. Wind speeds reached 30 miles per hour there on Thursday.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed at the Red Sea on Thursday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "2921": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is C.", "2923": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "2929": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A reason has a more positive connotation. A reason is a good argument. An excuse is usually not a good argument.\n The answer is B.", "2933": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Trinidad and Tobago.\n The answer is D.", "2936": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nBrandon wants broccoli. Derek wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "2952": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word carelessly. It describes the wind as if it were a person who didn't care.\n The answer is B.", "2956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (awesome).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "2960": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nConnor wants broccoli. Maura wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "2969": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "2971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in Detroit, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are between 25\u00b0F and 30\u00b0F. These months have the lowest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the coolest months on average.\n The answer is A.", "2976": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The population of Oak Grove fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Oak Grove has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\n The answer is A.", "2978": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Lucia.\n The answer is B.", "2983": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "2993": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Nebraska.\n The answer is A.", "2994": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there are not enough jars of peanut butter for sale. There are 100 jars on the shelf, but 74 people want to buy a jar of peanut butter.\nSo, there is a shortage of peanut butter.\n The answer is B.", "3004": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, Catoctin Mountain Park has cold, wet winters. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "3016": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish.\n The answer is B.", "3020": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A common kestrel's scientific name is Falco tinnunculus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco.\nThis organism and the common kestrel are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Falco tinnunculus.\nFalco novaeseelandiae is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco novaeseelandiae and Falco tinnunculus are in the same genus.\nArdea goliath is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea goliath and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\nHaliaeetus pelagicus is in the genus Haliaeetus. The first word of its scientific name is Haliaeetus. So, Haliaeetus pelagicus and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "3022": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Los Angeles, California. New York City, Houston, and Atlanta are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is B.", "3036": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "3037": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0C glass of water is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "3041": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe kelp bass has arrows pointing from it. So, the kelp bass is not a decomposer.\nThe bat star does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the bat star is a decomposer.\nThe black rockfish has an arrow pointing from it. So, the black rockfish is not a decomposer.\nThe sea otter has an arrow pointing from it. So, the sea otter is not a decomposer.\nThe orca has an arrow pointing from it. So, the orca is not a decomposer.\n The answer is D.", "3044": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA piece of paper is a solid. You can fold a piece of paper. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is A.", "3056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Caleb hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\n The answer is A.", "3060": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is B.", "3064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince even is between the guide words engineer - except, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "3069": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "3072": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "3077": "Assistant: LECTURE: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\n15\u00b0C.\n-24\u00b0C is within this range.\n-4\u00b0C and 3\u00b0C are outside of this range.\n The answer is A.", "3088": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 21 centimeters.\n21 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is B.", "3089": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Samoa.\n The answer is D.", "3093": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota.\n The answer is B.", "3103": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.\nIn a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.\nThe allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.\n The answer is B.", "3105": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the rocking chair.\nThe rocking chair is made of two different materials. The legs are made of wood, and the back and seat are made of silk.\n The answer is B.", "3107": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is A.", "3109": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.\nSOLUTION: This organism's scientific name refers to Georgia O'Keeffe.\nThe word okeeffeae refers to Georgia O'Keeffe. So, this archosaur's scientific name is Effigia okeeffeae.\n The answer is A.", "3110": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "3113": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "3115": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "3118": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the ginkgo leaf fossil.\n The answer is B.", "3123": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Kansas.\n The answer is B.", "3125": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bear sedge.\nThe only arrow pointing to the Arctic fox starts from the collared lemming. The only arrow pointing to the collared lemming starts from the bear sedge. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the Arctic fox.\nThe only arrow pointing to the barren-ground caribou starts from the lichen. The lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the barren-ground caribou.\nThe bilberry does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the bilberry.\n The answer is C.", "3132": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is A.", "3138": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Dominica.\n The answer is B.", "3141": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Rudy keeps his window closed because he once fell asleep with the window open and woke up with a migraine. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, Rudy could keep his window closed for other reasons. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is B.", "3144": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "3147": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is B.", "3153": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "3156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Christmas tree worm's scientific name is Spirobranchus giganteus.\nNerodia clarkii does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Nerodia clarkii are not in the same species.\nSpirobranchus giganteus has the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "3157": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Patton tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Patton believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "3168": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word express is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is East Bay Express.\n The answer is B.", "3174": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Colin wants or needs:\nColin will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club.\n The answer is B.", "3185": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An Indian rock python's scientific name is Python molurus.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species.\nLacerta agilis does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Lacerta agilis are not in the same species.\nPython molurus has the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "3187": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Richard needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\n The answer is A.", "3193": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statement describes the Eastern Siberian Taiga ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The following statements do not describe the Eastern Siberian Taiga: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. It has mostly small plants.\n The answer is C.", "3196": "Assistant: SOLUTION: World War I was originally called the Great War.\nThe Great War started in Europe in 1914 and involved many countries. It was the first global war in history.\n The answer is A.", "3197": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "3203": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dwayne wants or needs:\nDwayne will spend more ride tickets on the spinning teacups than he would have spent on the scrambler.\n The answer is B.", "3204": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of apple juice is colder than the 10\u00b0C glass of apple juice, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "3205": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The pineapple is not stretchy.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is A.", "3210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words sock and truck rhyme. They both end with the uck sound.\nThe word rock does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "3212": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: Sun, snow, and rain go together. They are weather words. Time is not a weather word, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is A.", "3213": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is A.", "3215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "3217": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\n The answer is B.", "3219": "Assistant: LECTURE: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.\nSOLUTION: Scoria is an igneous rock. Like other igneous rocks, it forms when melted rock cools and hardens.\nMelted rock that is rich in iron and magnesium is called scoria. Scoria can form on Earth's surface around volcanoes. It is also found in other places, such as impact craters.\n The answer is A.", "3220": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "3222": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Rita's shoes are the best, because they're made with snakeskin rather than synthetic materials. However, even though the shoes are made from snakes, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\n The answer is A.", "3229": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or North America.\n The answer is B.", "3231": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A catfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, catfish do not have scales! They have slimy skin.\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is A.", "3233": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The sandpaper is rough, but the tree bark is not.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The sandpaper is not stretchy.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.\n The answer is C.", "3243": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Edna is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is A.", "3246": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "3247": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: The fog made it hard to see, Dad drove slowly is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: The fog made it hard to see and Dad drove slowly.\n The answer is D.", "3255": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is B.", "3259": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Tuvalu.\n The answer is B.", "3284": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is B.", "3292": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is New Orleans, Louisiana. Houston, Charlotte, and Nashville are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is D.", "3305": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dread is between the guide words dare - disturb, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "3311": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "3316": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Davidsons or their relatives.\nThe Davidsons see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Davidsons visit Florida, they see their relatives.\n The answer is B.", "3318": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is A.", "3323": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 55 seconds.\n55 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "3327": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "3330": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "3336": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "3337": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 925 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is B.", "3339": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is C.", "3345": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words dream and cream rhyme. They both end with the ame sound.\nThe word such does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "3347": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\n The answer is C.", "3351": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince linen is not between the guide words leather - lying, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "3354": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Nairobi, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"More precipitation falls in April than in August.\" is incorrect.\nApril has a higher average monthly precipitation than August.\nChoice \"February is the wettest month of the year.\" is incorrect.\nThe wettest month is the one with the highest average monthly precipitation. April, not February, has the highest average precipitation.\nChoice \"Nairobi gets about the same amount of precipitation each month.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, less precipitation falls between June and October than between November and May.\n The answer is B.", "3355": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa is 70\u00b0C.\n70\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "3377": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.\n The answer is B.", "3379": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.\n The answer is A.", "3383": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a pen is 19 centimeters.\n19 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is A.", "3385": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is B.", "3387": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "3395": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "3398": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.\n The answer is C.", "3413": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nRuth is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is B.", "3418": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east.\n The answer is C.", "3428": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All three objects are salty.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The cracker and the fries are not sticky.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The cracker and the fries are not colorful.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is salty.\n The answer is B.", "3430": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm.\n The answer is B.", "3431": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nI need to shovel this snow, or someone might slip and fall.\n The answer is B.", "3433": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether sodium iodide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium iodide, NaI, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and I for iodine. So, the formula tells you that sodium iodide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium iodide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium iodide is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "3434": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nThe bearded dragon has a sand-colored body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe blue poison dart frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\n The answer is A.", "3436": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nVivian wants broccoli. Jamal wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "3439": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is D.", "3442": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Mia must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Mia's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mia is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is A.", "3451": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\n The answer is B.", "3455": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is D.", "3468": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "3472": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the gasoline would smell more. Gasoline has a strong smell.\n The answer is B.", "3476": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: A crown is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nCrowns can be made of different materials. This crown is made of gold.\n The answer is B.", "3479": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes for an ice cube to melt on a hot sidewalk is 4 minutes.\n4 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "3481": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A gray tree frog's scientific name is Hyla versicolor. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.\nAtelopus zeteki is in the genus Atelopus. The first word of its scientific name is Atelopus. So, Atelopus zeteki and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus.\nHemidactylus turcicus is in the genus Hemidactylus. The first word of its scientific name is Hemidactylus. So, Hemidactylus turcicus and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus.\nHyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla cinerea and Hyla versicolor are in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "3484": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSOLUTION: An emu is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nEmus cannot fly, but they can run very fast. They run to avoid predators.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\n The answer is B.", "3485": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Deb wants or needs:\nDeb will give up the chance to eat the apple crisp. Deb thinks apple crisp would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will.\n The answer is B.", "3486": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the kudu.\nThe kudu has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the kudu reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe spotted deer has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe Nile crocodile has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The Nile crocodile uses its mouth to eat other animals.\n The answer is A.", "3492": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "3494": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJanice wants broccoli. Abdul wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "3495": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is C.", "3498": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is A.", "3504": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But dust settling out of the air is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "3505": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A cnidarian is an animal with tentacles that can sting its prey or predators. A sea anemone is a type of cnidarian.\n The answer is B.", "3507": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Rover's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Rover's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\n The answer is B.", "3514": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "3515": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "3518": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "3523": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The silk tie is not transparent.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The silk tie is smooth.\n The answer is B.", "3530": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "3534": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "3539": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\n The answer is B.", "3541": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is D.", "3542": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: We went to Texas we saw an old fort is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We went to Texas and We saw an old fort.\n The answer is A.", "3544": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. None of the objects are scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fragile.\n The answer is B.", "3549": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Long's snoring.\n The answer is B.", "3558": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word proud. It describes the ancient structure as if it were a proud person.\n The answer is A.", "3567": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black fur or brown fur, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fur color trait. The question tells you that the f allele, which is for brown fur, is recessive to the F allele, which is for black fur.\nBlack fur is the dominant allele's version of the fur color trait. A rabbit with the dominant version of the fur color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fur color gene. So, offspring with black fur must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.\nBrown fur is the recessive allele's version of the fur color trait. A rabbit with the recessive version of the fur color trait must have only recessive alleles for the fur color gene. So, offspring with brown fur must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with black fur to offspring with brown fur is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with black fur. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with brown fur.\n The answer is E.", "3576": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But stretching a rubber band is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "3583": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Idaho.\n The answer is A.", "3593": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A blue jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta cristata.\nCyanocitta cristata has the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nGoura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Goura victoria are not in the same species.\nLarus michahellis does not have the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Larus michahellis are not in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "3604": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is C.", "3609": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nCyanea capillata is in the genus Cyanea. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanea. So, Cyanea capillata and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Strix nebulosa are in the same genus.\nNeofelis nebulosa and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Neofelis nebulosa and Strix nebulosa have the same species name within their genus, nebulosa. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Neofelis nebulosa is in the genus Neofelis, and Strix nebulosa is in the genus Strix.\n The answer is C.", "3611": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "3629": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "3633": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "3634": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Ashland. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is B.", "3643": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "3650": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lauren wants or needs:\nLauren will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\n The answer is B.", "3654": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is B.", "3656": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Bill wanted broccoli in his lunch and Anita was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBill has tomatoes. Anita has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "3660": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. None of the objects are sticky.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. None of the objects are blue.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.\n The answer is C.", "3669": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "3679": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "3681": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "3682": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "3683": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "3688": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "3692": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: In a Venn diagram, each circle shows things that are true for a particular topic. The middle, where the two circles overlap, shows things that are true for both topics. This Venn diagram compares two famous Renaissance artists.\nThe detail from Leonardo da Vinci's notebook is in the circle for Leonardo da Vinci but not in the circle for Michelangelo. This tells you that He created David is true of Michelangelo but not of Leonardo da Vinci.\n The answer is B.", "3701": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 3 liters.\n3 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is A.", "3703": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A and Solution B have the same number of yellow particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.\n The answer is A.", "3710": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether phosphorus tribromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, contains two atomic symbols: P for phosphorus and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that phosphorus tribromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince phosphorus tribromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, phosphorus tribromide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "3716": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has two alleles for vestigial wings (n). So, the fly's genotype for the wing type gene is nn.\n The answer is B.", "3721": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "3727": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is A.", "3733": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A coffee mug is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nIf you drop a coffee mug, it might break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is C.", "3736": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Wells' desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "3745": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The pond is in column 3.\n The answer is C.", "3750": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\n The answer is A.", "3751": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is C.", "3752": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the painting.\nThe first ironclad, the CSS Virginia, is powered by steam. She has guns and uses sails.\n The answer is C.", "3758": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "3762": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.\n The answer is B.", "3773": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "3774": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,240 kilometers.\n2,240 millimeters, 2,240 centimeters, and 2,240 meters are all too short.\n The answer is B.", "3775": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "3783": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nAlec was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Alec, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Alec.\n The answer is B.", "3788": "Assistant: LECTURE: One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The baseball player hits the ball away from his bat. So, the direction of the push is away from the baseball bat.\n The answer is A.", "3789": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 5 meters.\n5 millimeters and 5 centimeters are too short. 5 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is B.", "3797": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nCandice decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nCandice made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "3810": "Assistant: LECTURE: People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\nSOLUTION: You would usually find more farms in rural areas. Farms are spread out and need a lot of space. You would not find as many farms in suburban areas.\n The answer is B.", "3813": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 55 centimeters.\n55 millimeters is too short. 55 meters and 55 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is C.", "3815": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is C.", "3823": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is A.", "3840": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: Son, brother, and daughter go together. They are people in a family. Teacher is not a person in a family, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is D.", "3844": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: Mrs. Robertson is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\nThe words Mrs. Robertson and owl are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\n The answer is A.", "3846": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 250 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is A.", "3848": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blessing is between the guide words billow - brown, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "3852": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion pyrrhic victory suggests that the victory came at a great cost. Pyrrhus was an ancient Greek king who won a battle but suffered very heavy losses.\n The answer is A.", "3860": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nSOLUTION: This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nAnd we shall be dangerous.\n The answer is A.", "3864": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Katie's Internet connection.\n The answer is A.", "3866": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "3869": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person.\n The answer is B.", "3873": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "3875": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\n The answer is A.", "3877": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects the Atlantic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "3882": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "3883": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nKiara wants broccoli. Fernando wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "3885": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.\n The answer is B.", "3888": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 245 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 350 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 245 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is B.", "3901": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Carolina is farthest east.\n The answer is C.", "3903": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Antarctica.\n The answer is D.", "3913": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is B.", "3914": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the saddle-billed stork.\nThe saddle-billed stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the saddle-billed stork to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe black-headed heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe northern pintail has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\n The answer is B.", "3920": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "3921": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Delaware is farthest south.\n The answer is D.", "3925": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nJasmine lives in a windy place.\nThis passage tells you about the usual amount of wind where Jasmine lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "3934": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Luther investigated whether baking soda can remove crayon from a wall. The sections of wall scrubbed with water and baking soda were not scrubbed with water only. So, they were part of a control group.\n The answer is A.", "3951": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Georgia.\n The answer is A.", "3956": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her academic voice by maintaining an objective tone.\nFor example, the writer could cut the underlined text to maintain an objective discussion of people's actions.\nMany people don't recycle because throwing things away is easier, even though doing so can be damaging to the environment. People are lazy and selfish, always wanting what is good for themselves, not necessarily what is good for society. As a result, many people do not take the steps that are required to recycle different materials. For example, some towns require residents to sort items before leaving them at the curbside; this causes some to skip recycling altogether, even though doing so is unethical.\n The answer is C.", "3963": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by including more evidence to support the claim.\nFor example, the writer could support the underlined text with examples that show the effectiveness of wearing a bicycle helmet.\nWearing a bicycle helmet is the best way to protect yourself against fatal head injuries. Several studies have shown that riders who wore helmets had a reduction in their risk of head and brain injuries. More and better bike lanes in our cities would help protect cyclists from danger. Children especially benefit from wearing helmets, since they experience the majority of bicycling accidents that cause serious head injuries.\n The answer is A.", "3964": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Okefenokee Swamp has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "3965": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nA brown tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA red crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants.\n The answer is D.", "3968": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Haliaeetus pelagicus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nHaliaeetus pelagicus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that Steller's sea eagle is the common name.\n The answer is A.", "3972": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.\n The answer is A.", "3973": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Cutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\n The answer is A.", "3983": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "3988": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The metal nail and the metal bar are not soft.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The metal nail and the metal bar are shiny, but the wet ice cube is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is translucent.\n The answer is B.", "3993": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\n The answer is A.", "3995": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhere Desmond lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Desmond lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "4003": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The direction of the pull is toward the first train car.\n The answer is B.", "4009": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: The fruit makes the seeds. After the fruit grows around the seeds, the seeds can fall out.\n The answer is B.", "4015": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mint is not between the guide words marriage - modest, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "4024": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Miranda's hand is pushing on the door. So, Newton's third law tells you that the door is pushing on Miranda's hand.\n The answer is B.", "4025": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "4028": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nIn ancient times, mustard was used as a medicine for toothaches and insect stings.\n The answer is A.", "4029": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince roam is not between the guide words reality - rudder, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4039": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\n The answer is B.", "4040": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is B.", "4048": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A peacock mantis shrimp is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a peacock mantis shrimp is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a fire salamander is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a metallic tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is C.", "4050": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. South Dakota is farthest north.\n The answer is A.", "4065": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nSOLUTION: This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nSeas of glittering spears arise.\n The answer is B.", "4072": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "4081": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nMorocco is a country on the northwest coast of Africa.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about Morocco.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nMorocco is the most exciting country to visit.\nMost exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a country exciting to visit.\n The answer is A.", "4084": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Marvin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Ken was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nMarvin has tomatoes. Ken has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "4088": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion evaporate is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Macbeth, when Macbeth learns that his wife has died, he laments in his grief that he would give anything to make her alive again.\nThe allusion evaporate means to make something or someone disappear.\n The answer is B.", "4092": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, float. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "4094": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "4095": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is A.", "4096": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A sea otter is an animal. It eats animals that live in the ocean.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA hydrangea bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nHydrangea bushes can have blue, white, purple, or pink flowers.\n The answer is B.", "4098": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nSOLUTION: The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Kendra's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\n The answer is B.", "4106": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pot is between the guide words plus - prospect, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4112": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince smooth is between the guide words seize - spank, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4115": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and jafar are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Return of Jafar.\n The answer is B.", "4120": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Antigua and Barbuda.\n The answer is B.", "4122": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\n The answer is A.", "4123": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is B.", "4124": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Georgia.\n The answer is D.", "4126": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rock is the hardest. If you squeeze a rock, it will not change shape.\n The answer is A.", "4130": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun theirs could refer to hares' or rabbits'.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Theirs has been replaced with hares'.\nHares are often mistaken for rabbits, even though hares' legs, feet, and ears are usually bigger.\n The answer is A.", "4139": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. None of the objects are blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.\n The answer is C.", "4145": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is A.", "4150": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is B.", "4153": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nAustin wants broccoli. Colin wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "4155": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aiden is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "4156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in Cape Town, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in December, January, February, and March are around 20\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the hottest months on average.\n The answer is B.", "4164": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is B.", "4165": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: Whine about something has a more negative connotation. If you whine about something, you talk about it in a complaining way.\n The answer is A.", "4167": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa.\nCyanocitta cristata does not have the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, Strix nebulosa and Cyanocitta cristata are not in the same species.\nGoura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, Strix nebulosa and Goura victoria are not in the same species.\nStrix nebulosa has the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "4168": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "4176": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The cake batter and the sticky object are not opaque.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The cake batter and the sticky object are not blue.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is A.", "4177": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\n The answer is A.", "4187": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus.\nFalco peregrinus has the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nArdea alba does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Ardea alba are not in the same species.\nPhoebastria nigripes does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Phoebastria nigripes are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "4193": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is bumpier. If you touch an asphalt road, it will feel lumpy and bumpy.\n The answer is B.", "4199": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "4202": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince see is between the guide words scurry - shelter, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4203": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm: barren-ground caribou->mushroom->grizzly bear->earthworm. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the earthworm: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->grizzly bear->earthworm. lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->grizzly bear->lichen->earthworm. mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the mushroom to the earthworm.. parasitic jaeger. The only arrow pointing from the parasitic jaeger leads to the earthworm. No arrows point from the earthworm to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the parasitic jaeger to the earthworm..\n The answer is B.", "4205": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "4210": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0C block is hotter than the 70\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "4211": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone.\n The answer is B.", "4214": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Spanish shawl nudibranch.\nThe Spanish shawl nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the Spanish shawl nudibranch is toxic and dangerous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe crown-of-thorns sea star has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe peppered moth has gray and brown patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is A.", "4216": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the crested black macaque.\nThe crested black macaque has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The crested black macaque uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lar gibbon has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe chital has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The chital uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is B.", "4217": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "4231": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "4240": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "4244": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\n The answer is A.", "4246": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average.\n The answer is B.", "4248": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth is the largest. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is A.", "4250": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\n The answer is A.", "4258": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 15 miles.\n15 inches, 15 feet, and 15 yards are all too short.\n The answer is B.", "4260": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "4263": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is C.", "4271": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJonah wants broccoli. Cassie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "4274": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "4281": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Analogous structures are parts with the same purpose but different structures. For example, a fin and a flipper are both used to help an animal swim. They have the same purpose, but different structures.\n The answer is A.", "4282": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "4285": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when you press on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton towel is softer. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.\n The answer is A.", "4287": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is C.", "4288": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A Japanese tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\n The answer is B.", "4291": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is C.", "4293": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "4301": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is B.", "4306": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a passenger airplane is 47 tons.\n47 ounces and 47 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is A.", "4310": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the product with feelings of shame and fear.\n The answer is C.", "4311": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nIt is snowing in Sam's town today.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation today in Sam's town. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "4313": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: Tracy went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Tracy and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is B.", "4315": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: The curious girl looked into the damp cellar is a complete sentence. The subject is the curious girl, and the verb is looked.\n The answer is B.", "4317": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map.\nThe Mongol Empire controlled most of Asia. It also controlled parts of Eastern Europe.\n The answer is A.", "4319": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to blow your nose is 5 seconds.\n5 minutes is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "4333": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is A.", "4339": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Shampoo does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, shampoo is not a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "4340": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The rubber ball and the spring are not yellow.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The rubber ball and the spring are not fuzzy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible.\n The answer is A.", "4344": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Okavango Delta has soil that is rich in nutrients. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.\n The answer is A.", "4347": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Jessica investigated whether adding vinegar to salt water affects how quickly steel squares rust. The steel squares soaked in salt water did not get vinegar. So, they were part of a control group.\n The answer is A.", "4351": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.\n The answer is A.", "4355": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the long-beaked echidna.\nA tube-shaped snout helps the long-beaked echidna reach into a burrow. A long, sticky tongue helps it catch the insects.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe aardvark has a tube-shaped mouth and a long, sticky tongue. Its mouth is adapted to eat insects that live inside burrows.\nThe brown hyena has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to get insects out of burrows. The brown hyena uses its mouth to eat other animals.\n The answer is A.", "4357": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be dark fur.\n The answer is B.", "4361": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is B.", "4366": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, give. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "4376": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Words for Living By.\"\n The answer is A.", "4385": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the phytoplankton.There are four paths matter can take from the phytoplankton to the kelp bass: phytoplankton->zooplankton->kelp bass. phytoplankton->zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->kelp bass. phytoplankton->zooplankton->black rockfish->kelp bass. phytoplankton->plainfin midshipman->kelp bass. kelp bass. The only arrow pointing to the kelp bass starts from the plainfin midshipman. The only arrow pointing to the plainfin midshipman starts from the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the kelp bass. orca. The only arrow pointing to the sea otter starts from the sea urchin. The only arrow pointing to the sea urchin starts from the kelp. No arrow points to the kelp. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the orca.. sea cucumber. The only arrow pointing to the sea cucumber starts from the plainfin midshipman. The only arrow pointing to the plainfin midshipman starts from the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the sea cucumber.. sea urchin. The only arrow pointing to the sea urchin starts from the kelp. No arrow points to the kelp. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the sea urchin..\n The answer is C.", "4386": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Chuckle doesn't belong.\nGiggle, snicker, and chew all name ways to make noise.\n The answer is B.", "4394": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The wet ice cube is translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The wet ice cube is not colorful.\n The answer is A.", "4420": "Assistant: LECTURE: Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.\nSOLUTION: An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nThe ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators.\nAn elephant seal is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA parrotfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nParrotfish have fins and live underwater near coral reefs. They get their name from their bird-like beak!\n The answer is C.", "4428": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "4436": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that obesity rates and rainforests are somehow interconnected. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\n The answer is B.", "4443": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is B.", "4444": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "4446": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else.\n The answer is B.", "4458": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\n The answer is B.", "4459": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Papua New Guinea.\nWhy does Papua New Guinea share its island with another country?\nPapua New Guinea takes up the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The western half is part of Indonesia, an Asian country.\nBeginning in the 17 th century, several countries took control of different parts of the island of New Guinea. By 1922, Australia controlled the entire eastern half of the island, and the Netherlands controlled the western half. In 1963, control over the western half was transferred to Indonesia, which had just gained independence from the Netherlands. Many people in western New Guinea did not want to become part of Indonesia, though, and some people in this area are still fighting to leave Indonesia today. The eastern part gained independence from Australia in 1975 and became Papua New Guinea.\n The answer is D.", "4465": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A koala is a mammal. Like other mammals, a koala is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA carp is a fish. Like other fish, a carp is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA toucan is a bird. Like other birds, a toucan is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA luna moth is an insect. Like other insects, a luna moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is A.", "4474": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north.\n The answer is C.", "4482": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "4483": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nSince 1923, the United States Flag Code has provided advisory rules for displaying and handling the U.S. flag.\n The answer is B.", "4485": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each runner moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne runner moved 140 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other runner moved 100 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each runner spent the same amount of time moving. The runner who moved 140 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that runner must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is B.", "4497": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there are not enough picture frames for sale. There are 25 frames for sale, but 18 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of picture frames.\n The answer is B.", "4500": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is B.", "4502": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether hydrogen peroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2 O2. This formula contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "4505": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lansing is the capital of Michigan.\n The answer is D.", "4507": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Fifth Amendment says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to remain silent. The amendment also says that no person can be put on trial for a crime he or she did not commit. A person can be put on trial only for a crime he or she is accused of committing. Part of the text of the Fifth Amendment is below. It does not use the words \"right to remain silent.\" Where do you think that phrase comes from? Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.\n The answer is A.", "4512": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Serengeti National Park has a rainy season and a dry season. It also has long, cold winters.\n The answer is A.", "4519": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "4520": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 5 hours. The duck that moved 260 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is C.", "4529": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "4532": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "4537": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Connecticut.\n The answer is B.", "4548": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rose plant's observable version of the thorns trait is not having thorns. So, the plant's phenotype for the thorns trait is not having thorns.\n The answer is B.", "4553": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Sumatran orangutan has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe okapi has long, thin limbs. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The okapi uses its limbs for walking and running.\n The answer is B.", "4554": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the dead leaf mantis.\nThe dead leaf mantis has a reddish-brown body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe plated leaf chameleon has reddish-brown scales coverings its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color.\nThis Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves.\n The answer is A.", "4559": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A walnut tree is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nPeople pick and eat walnuts from walnut trees. Walnuts are the tree's seeds!\nA lavender bush is a plant. It has many purple flowers.\nLavender has a sweet smell. Some people use the oil from lavender bushes for perfume.\nA dandelion is a plant. It can grow small yellow flowers.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas eat fish and other animals that live in the ocean.\n The answer is D.", "4562": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is D.", "4568": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nBrenna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is C.", "4575": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "4578": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "4583": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you how thick fur helps animals in wintertime.\nPeople put on winter coats when it's cold outside, and some animals have winter coats, too! They grow extra-thick coats of fur to keep warm in winter. The thick fur traps their body heat and keeps it close to their skin. Many wild animals grow winter coats. But so do some cats and dogs.\n The answer is A.", "4594": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma.\nTigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum have the same species name within their genus, mexicanum. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma, and Ambystoma mexicanum is in the genus Ambystoma.\nPython reticulatus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python reticulatus and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus.\nAmbystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Ambystoma mexicanum are in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "4603": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "4604": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe crocodile egg fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the palm leaf fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely older than the palm leaf fossil.\n The answer is A.", "4622": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "4623": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A scarecrow is not a living thing.\nA scarecrow does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nAn ice cube is not a living thing.\nAn ice cube does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food.\nA rabbit is a living thing.\nRabbits grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Rabbits are made up of many cells.\n The answer is D.", "4624": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\n The answer is A.", "4631": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Antigua and Barbuda.\n The answer is D.", "4632": "Assistant: LECTURE: A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\nSOLUTION: Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to ammonium nitrate in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that when ammonium nitrate breaks down, it forms a mixture of nitrous oxide and water. When ammonium nitrate breaks down, or reacts, its atoms are rearranged to form the atoms that make up nitrous oxide and water. Because ammonium nitrate reacts in this chemical reaction, ammonium nitrate is a reactant.\n The answer is A.", "4639": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Cerrado ecosystem: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has warm summers and warm winters. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Cerrado: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has a small amount of rain.\n The answer is A.", "4645": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4\n The answer is C.", "4647": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.\nA mole is an animal. It eats insects and worms.\nMoles live mostly underground.\n The answer is A.", "4654": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: Marie went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Marie and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is A.", "4657": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jaylen wanted broccoli in his lunch and Porter was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJaylen has tomatoes. Porter has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "4670": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The tree bark and the log are soft, but the rock are not.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is A.", "4672": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nPreston took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n The answer is D.", "4678": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sailor is not between the guide words sour - stone, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "4682": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Dustin hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\n The answer is B.", "4686": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "4690": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is A.", "4698": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "4699": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince itch is between the guide words illustrate - interrupt, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4708": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the golden eagle.\nThe golden eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the golden eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe common buzzard has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey.\nThe Malayan tapir has large, heavy feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is B.", "4709": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "4717": "Assistant: LECTURE: For sedimentary rocks, the deeper the rock layer, the older the rock is. So, the limestone layer is older than the sandstone layer.\n The answer is A.", "4718": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New York is farthest north.\n The answer is B.", "4719": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nJackie Robinson played baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about Jackie Robinson.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nJackie Robinson was the most noteworthy baseball player of the 1940 s and 1950 s.\nMost noteworthy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a baseball player noteworthy.\n The answer is B.", "4720": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is D.", "4740": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 2 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 6 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is A.", "4748": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Daniel that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Daniel.\n The answer is A.", "4749": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "4753": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is D.", "4755": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accurate is between the guide words album - avoid, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4757": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe kelp bass has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is a producer, so the kelp bass is a primary consumer.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not a primary consumer.\nThe black rockfish has an arrow pointing to it from the zooplankton. The zooplankton is not a producer. So, the black rockfish is not a primary consumer.\nThe sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is a producer, so the sea urchin is a primary consumer.\nThe orca has an arrow pointing to it from the sea otter. The sea otter is not a producer. So, the orca is not a primary consumer.\n The answer is C.", "4767": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 40. So, the temperature is 40\u00b0C.\n The answer is A.", "4774": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "4782": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nArachnids have the following traits:\nThey have eight legs.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nThey have no antennae.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA female wolf spider has the following traits:\nIt has eight legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt has no antennae.\nA female wolf spider has the traits of an arachnid. A female wolf spider is an arachnid.\nA trichina worm has the following traits:\nA trichina worm does not have all of the traits of an arachnid. A trichina worm is a roundworm.\n The answer is A.", "4784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 36 gallons.\n36 fluid ounces and 36 cups are both too little.\n The answer is C.", "4805": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 15 gallons.\n15 fluid ounces and 15 cups are both too little.\n The answer is B.", "4809": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is C.", "4817": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is C.", "4820": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "4828": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is A.", "4832": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is C.", "4833": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is B.", "4834": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the spectacled cobra.\nWhen frightened, the spectacled cobra can spread out its hood to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the hood can help scare it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bearded dragon has spiny scales around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe green anole has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\n The answer is A.", "4836": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nMaya wants broccoli. Hanson wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "4844": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA snowy owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSnowy owls live in cold places. Even their feet have feathers to keep warm!\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants.\nA Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.\n The answer is B.", "4851": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Christmas tree worm's scientific name is Spirobranchus giganteus.\nSphodromantis viridis does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Sphodromantis viridis are not in the same species.\nMacropus giganteus does have the same species within its genus as a Christmas tree worm, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species.\nSpirobranchus giganteus has the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "4854": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nKurt will spend some time and money to get the costume.\n The answer is B.", "4859": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the best snacks are made with real ingredients that you can pronounce. However, even though a snack is made with real ingredients, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's the best. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is B.", "4865": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: The properties of andesite match the properties of a rock. So, andesite is a rock.\n The answer is B.", "4871": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince common is between the guide words civilian - crank, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4877": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMrs. Lloyd will bake brownies for dessert, or she will make peach cobbler.\n The answer is B.", "4883": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.\n The answer is A.", "4886": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "4891": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 18 seconds.\n18 hours is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "4897": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north.\n The answer is B.", "4914": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Neither of the objects are smooth.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is B.", "4918": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Grenada.\n The answer is B.", "4919": "Assistant: LECTURE: In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.\n The answer is A.", "4920": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n The answer is A.", "4922": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince describe is between the guide words dangle - differ, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "4924": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is A.", "4933": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But plants making food is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "4943": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. In particular, it says that people can own \"arms.\" The authors understood \"arms\" to include the type of weapons we now call guns. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.\n The answer is A.", "4950": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether building a deck is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs building a deck something you can touch? No.\nIs building a deck a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, building a deck is a service.\n The answer is A.", "4955": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different kinds of marsupials.\nSleep during the day is directly connected to koalas. Kangaroos are not connected to this idea.\n The answer is A.", "4956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a pen is 18 centimeters.\n18 millimeters is too short. 18 meters and 18 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is D.", "4969": "Assistant: LECTURE: People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\nSOLUTION: Rural areas usually have less traffic. There aren't as many people or businesses in rural areas.\n The answer is A.", "4974": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is GG. The rose plant's genotype of GG has only G allelles. The G allele is for climbing growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of GG has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth.\n The answer is B.", "4975": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor.\n The answer is B.", "4977": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\n The answer is B.", "4980": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 335 liters.\n335 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is B.", "4991": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clatter is between the guide words cinder - couple, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "4996": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The polar bear uses its fur and fat to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe snowy owl has a thick coat of feathers covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe hairy armadillo has scales covering much of its skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.\n The answer is A.", "4999": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is A.", "5000": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents the compound pyrite.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether silicon carbide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that silicon carbide is composed of carbon atoms and silicon atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that silicon carbide is composed of two chemical elements: carbon and silicon. Since silicon carbide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silicon carbide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "5013": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\nSOLUTION: This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that Racomitrium lanuginosum moss is green because its cells contain chlorophyll. This moss uses chlorophyll to capture energy from sunlight.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the moss mantis is photosynthetic.\n The answer is B.", "5018": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "5022": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "5025": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "5032": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: Water in a waterfall is a liquid. A liquid can change shape. But it still takes up the same amount of space. Water in a waterfall changes shape. But it still takes up the same amount of space.\nA chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Chairs are made of wood or metal.\nA baseball is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Baseballs are made of leather.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\n The answer is C.", "5044": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "5045": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 2 kilometers.\n2 centimeters is too short.\n The answer is A.", "5046": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nMarcy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Marcy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "5047": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 44 minutes.\n44 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "5049": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "5050": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDull roar is a contradiction, because dull describes something that is dull and roar describes a loud sound.\n The answer is B.", "5052": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The ice hockey rink is hard, but the yogurt and the wet bar of soap are not.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All four objects are slippery.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The wet bar of soap is flexible, but the ice hockey rink is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is slippery.\n The answer is C.", "5056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a fire truck is 16 tons.\n16 ounces and 16 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is C.", "5063": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "5069": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Erik wants or needs:\nErik will give up the chance to look at the birch tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the tulips.\n The answer is B.", "5072": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Quincy's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Quincy's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\n The answer is B.", "5073": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "5080": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is D.", "5082": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 29 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 22 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 29 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\n The answer is B.", "5086": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Weber is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "5090": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The equator is the line at 0\u00b0 latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Europe.\n The answer is B.", "5097": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "5119": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is B.", "5126": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether a banana is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a banana something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a banana a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a banana is a good.\n The answer is B.", "5140": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A red-kneed tarantula is an insect. Like other insects, a red-kneed tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA green toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a green toad has a backbone.\n The answer is B.", "5143": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "5144": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\n The answer is A.", "5145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\n The answer is A.", "5146": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the short-tailed weasel to the earthworm: short-tailed weasel->earthworm. mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the mushroom to the earthworm.. There are two paths matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm: barren-ground caribou->mushroom->earthworm. barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->earthworm. There is one path matter can take from the grizzly bear to the earthworm: grizzly bear->earthworm. There are three paths matter can take from the lichen to the earthworm: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->earthworm. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->earthworm. lichen->grizzly bear->earthworm.\n The answer is B.", "5152": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 80 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 45 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 80 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is B.", "5155": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 2 tons.\n2 ounces and 2 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is A.", "5175": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Mississippi.\n The answer is C.", "5180": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The pretzel is bumpy.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The pretzel is not sweet.\n The answer is A.", "5184": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "5185": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Peridotite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, peridotite is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "5188": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for pyrite contains two symbols: Fe for iron and S for sulfur. So, pyrite is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, pyrite is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for nickel contains one symbol: Ni. So, nickel is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, nickel is an elementary substance.\n The answer is B.", "5189": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Carassius auratus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCarassius auratus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that goldfish is the common name.\n The answer is B.", "5190": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nA dime a dozen means something that is easily found or bought.\n The answer is A.", "5200": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 25 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 24 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Logan needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 25 pounds.\n The answer is B.", "5203": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "5208": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\nSOLUTION: This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that giant kelp use carbon dioxide and water to make food inside their cells. This is evidence that the giant kelp is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the leafy sea dragon is photosynthetic.\n The answer is B.", "5210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\n The answer is B.", "5211": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Trinidad and Tobago.\n The answer is A.", "5212": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 62 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 50 pounds. So, the cart holding 62 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\n The answer is B.", "5214": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 44\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "5223": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The velcro is rough.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The velcro is not colorful.\n The answer is A.", "5226": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dad is not between the guide words degree - doll, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "5238": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "5243": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to brush your teeth is 2 minutes.\n2 seconds is too fast.\n The answer is B.", "5248": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince back is between the guide words book - bulletin, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "5249": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\n The answer is A.", "5254": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "5256": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Duncan wants or needs:\nDuncan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n The answer is B.", "5258": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is A.", "5270": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sometimes doesn't belong.\nRarely, new, and usually all describe how often something happens.\n The answer is C.", "5272": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "5274": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "5287": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a bench is 11 feet.\n11 inches is too short. 11 yards and 11 miles are too long.\n The answer is B.", "5298": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It uses a graph to display information and uses specific figures (2 x the meat of the leading brand).\n The answer is C.", "5302": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince reduce is between the guide words riddle - rye, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "5306": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with yellow pods or green pods, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the pod color trait. The question tells you that the d allele, which is for yellow pods, is recessive to the D allele, which is for green pods.\nYellow pods is the recessive allele's version of the pod color trait. A pea plant with the recessive version of the pod color trait must have only recessive alleles for the pod color gene. So, offspring with yellow pods must have the genotype dd.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype dd. These boxes are highlighted below.\nGreen pods is the dominant allele's version of the pod color trait. A pea plant with the dominant version of the pod color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the pod color gene. So, offspring with green pods must have the genotype DD or Dd.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype DD or Dd. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with yellow pods to offspring with green pods is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with yellow pods for every 2 offspring with green pods.\n The answer is E.", "5308": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is D.", "5311": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The melted marshmallow is soft, but the ice cream sundae is not.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The melted marshmallow is not sour.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All four objects are shiny.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is C.", "5313": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: Mutter about something has a more negative connotation. If you mutter about something, you speak about it in a quiet way.\n The answer is B.", "5316": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "5333": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\n The answer is A.", "5335": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "5346": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\n The answer is A.", "5351": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many shapes, colors, and sizes. These maple seeds are long and flat.\nSeeds are always black or white. These mustard seeds are black.\nSeeds are always round or oval-shaped. These chestnut seeds are round.\n The answer is B.", "5352": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is A.", "5355": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince market is between the guide words mechanic - monk, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "5362": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The muskmelon plant has two alleles for sweet fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene is ff.\n The answer is B.", "5389": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "5400": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the box.\nThe jewelry box is made of two different materials. The box is made of wood, and the hinges are metal.\n The answer is A.", "5408": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Arctic hare.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic hare has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic hare uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe scarlet snake has thin scales covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.\n The answer is A.", "5415": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe crocodile egg fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely older than the fern fossil.\n The answer is A.", "5416": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince ought is between the guide words oar - orphan, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "5418": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two mugs of cider have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C mug of cider is hotter than the 30\u00b0C mug of cider, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "5421": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The hiker's pull is toward her hand. So, the direction of the pull is toward her hand.\n The answer is A.", "5441": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "5447": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is B.", "5456": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The force of Earth's gravity pulls the diver downward into the pool. The direction of the pull is toward the center of Earth.\n The answer is A.", "5469": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nBert noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Bert was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "5471": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A golden frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.\n The answer is A.", "5472": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: I wear an apron it keeps my dress clean is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: I wear an apron and It keeps my dress clean.\n The answer is A.", "5474": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA hard object keeps its shape when you squeeze it. The dress is not hard.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The dress is soft.\n The answer is B.", "5475": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nTearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "5476": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can stick to other things. Neither of the objects are sticky.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. Both objects are blue.\nThe property that both objects have in common is blue.\n The answer is A.", "5490": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Grenada.\n The answer is A.", "5499": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is C.", "5507": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nMonica wants broccoli. Diana wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "5511": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the sturgeon.\nThe sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The sturgeon uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bat ray's mouth is located on the underside of its head. Its mouth points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding.\nThe emperor angelfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.\n The answer is A.", "5522": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Diana wanted broccoli in her lunch and Gabby was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nDiana has tomatoes. Gabby has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "5529": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Vincent is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "5533": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Reba has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is B.", "5540": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nManny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n The answer is D.", "5543": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long.\n The answer is B.", "5545": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "5547": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The invention of the printing press made it possible to copy books much faster than before. Producers could make many more copies of books than before. So, the supply of books went up.\n The answer is A.", "5548": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "5559": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "5563": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the officers.\nWhen Maria called the officers at the bank, she learned that her checking account was overdrawn.\n The answer is B.", "5564": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "5573": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is San Antonio, Texas. Chicago, New York City, and San Francisco are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is A.", "5584": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nThe pond has frozen over, so Nellie will go ice skating.\n The answer is A.", "5589": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince boulder is between the guide words bike - bridge, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "5592": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the speaker's father doesn't want him to spend time with his friends, because he asks the speaker to help around the house. However, the fact that the father asks the speaker to help around the house doesn't necessarily mean that the father doesn't want the speaker to spend time with his friends. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is C.", "5603": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two oranges are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter orange has more thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "5606": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The pineapple is not rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The pineapple is stretchy.\n The answer is B.", "5611": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "5618": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "5623": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the short-tailed weasel.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThis Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe screech owl has gray and brown feathers on its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is A.", "5625": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the picture.\nThe way an animal looks can help to keep it safe from predators. Some animals use camouflage. These animals may blend into their environments so that it is hard for them to be seen.\n The answer is A.", "5634": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California the state government meets there is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sacramento is the capital of California and The state government meets there.\n The answer is B.", "5637": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "5639": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Megan or Carly.\nMegan smiled and said hello when she ran into Carly at the post office.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Megan ran into Carly at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\n The answer is B.", "5642": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Samoa.\n The answer is A.", "5648": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "5651": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a water pitcher is 11 cups.\n11 fluid ounces is too little and 11 gallons is too much.\n The answer is C.", "5663": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "5664": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 345 milliliters.\n345 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "5667": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is B.", "5671": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is formed from two sentences run together, joined without punctuation.\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection; it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\n The answer is A.", "5674": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A black howler's scientific name is Alouatta caraya.\nOvis canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis canadensis are not in the same species.\nAlouatta caraya has the same scientific name as a black howler. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nOvis orientalis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis orientalis are not in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "5683": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words back and pack rhyme. They both end with the ack sound.\nThe word tune does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "5691": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The popcorn and the log are not blue.\nSugar has a sweet taste. All three objects are sweet.\nA lemon has a sour taste. None of the objects are sour.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sweet.\n The answer is A.", "5694": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.\n The answer is B.", "5696": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is D.", "5697": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "5698": "Assistant: SOLUTION: In a bull's-eye, the center of the target is where the two circles overlap. The first circle is the bull's-eye itself. The second circle is where the darts land.\n The answer is B.", "5710": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hair spray is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is A.", "5711": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nSusan finished her book, but she got two more from the library.\n The answer is B.", "5720": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first confirmation text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (thanks), and uses the person's title (Dr.). The other confirmation text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\n The answer is B.", "5722": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Amy or Annie.\nAmy asked Annie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Annie has a gluten allergy, Amy asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting.\n The answer is A.", "5724": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A cat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a cat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, an orb weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is B.", "5725": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the short-tailed weasel.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe polar bear has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe porcupine has black-and-white spines covering its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is A.", "5726": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bullseye's observable version of the fur color trait is brown fur. So, Bullseye's phenotype for the fur color trait is brown fur.\n The answer is B.", "5734": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accuse is not between the guide words another - away, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "5736": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota.\n The answer is A.", "5747": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Christine thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\n The answer is B.", "5748": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest west.\n The answer is C.", "5755": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe United States government can collect taxes.\nIt can be proved by reading a book or an article about taxes.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople are taxed too much.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much.\n The answer is A.", "5761": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, raise. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "5770": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The ceramic mug is opaque, but the window, the ice, and the snow are not.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All four objects are fragile.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The window, the ice, and the snow are transparent, but the ceramic mug is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is fragile.\n The answer is A.", "5774": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.\n The answer is B.", "5781": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "5789": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nA skull is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a skull is not a mineral.\nHornblende is a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "5795": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is D.", "5801": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is A.", "5805": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.\n The answer is D.", "5806": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south.\n The answer is D.", "5808": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Announce doesn't belong.\nTell, say, and write all name things you do while talking.\n The answer is C.", "5812": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "5816": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nKevin wants broccoli. Aaliyah wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "5828": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "5830": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A street lamp is not a living thing.\nStreet lamps do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nA spruce tree is a living thing.\nSpruce trees grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water. Spruce trees are made up of many living things called cells.\n The answer is B.", "5836": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is C.", "5840": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two bath towels are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter bath towel has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "5845": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "5859": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nLet go is an indirect way of saying fired.\n The answer is A.", "5864": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "5871": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 150 milliliters.\n150 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "5876": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 35 millimeters.\n35 centimeters and 35 meters are both too long.\n The answer is A.", "5880": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Holi is a Hindu festival that celebrates the beginning of spring.\n The answer is C.", "5881": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word for is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Bad Kitty for President.\n The answer is B.", "5886": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA wombat is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWombats have strong claws on their front feet. They use their claws to dig underground holes called burrows.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\n The answer is A.", "5888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "5889": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A hedge maze is not a living thing.\nHedge mazes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA toy car is not a living thing.\nToy cars do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA ferris wheel is a living thing.\nFerris wheels grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Ferris wheels are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "5890": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Dover is the capital of Delaware.\n The answer is B.", "5893": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\n The answer is A.", "5900": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (has, things).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "5901": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shower is not between the guide words seven - strange, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "5903": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince scooter is not between the guide words shop - swept, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "5912": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "5913": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA dwarf crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\n The answer is A.", "5919": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\n The answer is A.", "5922": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "5925": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the common swift.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common swift uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe barn swallow has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The hanging parrot uses its beak to eat fruit and seeds.\n The answer is B.", "5933": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A tawny owl's scientific name is Strix aluco. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nGoura cristata is in the genus Goura. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. So, Goura cristata and Strix aluco are not in the same genus.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Strix aluco are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the tawny owl are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Strix aluco.\n The answer is B.", "5934": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is B.", "5940": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nFor thousands of years, the natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about kayaks.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPaddling a kayak down a river is the most unforgettable experience.\nMost unforgettable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes an experience unforgettable.\n The answer is B.", "5946": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLara's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nLara's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "5956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "5959": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words in and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing.\"\n The answer is B.", "5961": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Krysta doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Krysta doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is A.", "5975": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the tape is more flexible. If you bend tape, it will not break.\n The answer is A.", "5978": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBleaching clothes is a physical change. The bleach reacts with dark stains on the clothes. The reaction changes the stains into different types of matter that wash away easily.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBleaching clothes is a physical change. But a piece of apple turning brown is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. But bleaching clothes is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "5981": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is B.", "5986": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All three objects are slippery.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The wet bar of soap and the ceramic mug are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is slippery.\n The answer is C.", "5990": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The Channel catfish's observable version of the body color trait is a brown body. So, the catfish's phenotype for the body color trait is a brown body.\n The answer is A.", "5991": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bear sedge.\nThere are two arrows pointing to the collared lemming. One arrow starts from the bear sedge, and the other arrow starts from the lichen. The lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the collared lemming.\n The answer is B.", "5992": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "5994": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nIguazu Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the world. It is located in South America. Low rainfall in 1978 caused the falls to run dry that year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the amount of rainfall at Iguazu Falls in 1978. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "5995": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the hawfinch.\nThe hawfinch has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The hawfinch uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe Asian golden weaver has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds.\nThe common swift has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack hard seeds. The common swift uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.\n The answer is B.", "5998": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is C.", "6001": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice.\n The answer is B.", "6005": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves.\nMaple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown.\nA wombat is an animal. It eats plants.\nWombats are small animals. They can be as short as 28 centimeters.\n The answer is A.", "6008": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Tennessee.\n The answer is A.", "6020": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the bear sedge starts from the Arctic fox. The only arrow pointing to the Arctic fox starts from the brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bear sedge and the bilberry. Neither the bear sedge nor the bilberry has any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the bear sedge.\n The answer is A.", "6023": "Assistant: SOLUTION: African wild dogs live in packs. Between 3 and 20 adult African wild dogs live together in a pack.\n The answer is A.", "6028": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the door.\nThe door is made of two different materials. The door is made of wood, and the hinges are metal.\n The answer is A.", "6029": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Philip attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n The answer is D.", "6037": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Senator Fischer hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Fischer wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is A.", "6046": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Cinderella is a fairy tale.\nIn the story of Cinderella, a young girl lives with her cruel stepmother and stepsisters. She is frequently described as being like Cinderella from the fairy tale.\n The answer is A.", "6051": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is The Bahamas.\n The answer is B.", "6052": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: An orange tree is a plant. It can grow fruit.\nOrange trees grow in sunny, warm places. They can be damaged by cold weather.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas eat fish. They are part of the ocean food chain.\n The answer is A.", "6054": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "6072": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Sage's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Sage's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sage's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nSage's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\n The answer is B.", "6078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "6083": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Mars has a special name it is called the red planet is a complete sentence. The subject is Mars, and the verb is is.\n The answer is B.", "6091": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 3 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left.\n The answer is B.", "6092": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word man is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Elephant Man.\n The answer is B.", "6096": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nLacerta agilis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Lacerta agilis and Macropus agilis have the same species name within their genus, agilis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Lacerta agilis is in the genus Lacerta, and Macropus agilis is in the genus Macropus.\nThis organism and the agile wallaby are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Macropus agilis.\nHyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla cinerea and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "6099": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is A.", "6112": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is D.", "6115": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.\n The answer is B.", "6116": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince since is not between the guide words serape - spice, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "6118": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "6120": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Trinidad and Tobago.\n The answer is B.", "6123": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.\nStrix aluco is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix aluco and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.\nArdea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla.\nThis organism and the green tree frog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Hyla cinerea.\n The answer is C.", "6125": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Moxie's genotype for the wool color gene is ll. Moxie's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for black wool. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for black wool (l) is recessive to the allele for white wool (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool.\n The answer is A.", "6127": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nIf we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.\n The answer is B.", "6129": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Utah.\n The answer is A.", "6133": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A bison is an animal. It eats mostly grass.\nA bison is a mammal. Unlike other mammals, bison can use their horns to defend themselves.\nA pear tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nWild pear trees grow in Europe, north Africa, and Asia.\n The answer is A.", "6138": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Casey's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Casey's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as.\n The answer is A.", "6144": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\n The answer is B.", "6145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east.\n The answer is B.", "6152": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Martina investigated whether spraying air plants with water every day in addition to soaking them affects the plants' growth. So, the plants that were soaked in water and sprayed were part of an experimental group.\nThe plants that were only soaked in water did not get sprayed every day. So, they were not part of an experimental group.\n The answer is A.", "6162": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Devon has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is B.", "6163": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Rachel has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is A.", "6164": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "6179": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Livingston Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Livingston's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Livingston Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Livingston's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "6184": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "6185": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "6186": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: On that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is B.", "6187": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince persuade is between the guide words prey - punch, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "6188": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Over the summer, my cousin Reba visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Reba, and the verb is visited.\n The answer is A.", "6193": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the citizens or several competent city council members.\nThe citizens of Oakland have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nSeveral competent city council members have been elected in Oakland, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy.\n The answer is B.", "6201": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "6204": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (in hot water).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "6207": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is B.", "6212": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is D.", "6214": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **In an Old House**.\n The answer is B.", "6215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is A.", "6219": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "6222": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "6223": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "6232": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPut their dog to sleep is a more indirect way of saying have the veterinarian kill their dog.\n The answer is A.", "6245": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Valeria, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Valeria down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Valeria up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Valeria.\n The answer is A.", "6257": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A black-tailed jackrabbit's scientific name is Lepus californicus.\nSciurus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, Lepus californicus and Sciurus vulgaris are not in the same species.\nLepus californicus has the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nErinaceus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, Lepus californicus and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "6263": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is A.", "6266": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is B.", "6269": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the coat.\nThe coat is made of two materials. The buttons are made of plastic. The rest of the coat is made of a strong and light material called nylon.\n The answer is B.", "6278": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget.\n The answer is A.", "6283": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nSome mosquitoes carry germs that can cause diseases like yellow fever.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about mosquitoes.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe worst diseases are spread to humans by mosquitoes.\nWorst shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which diseases are the worst.\n The answer is A.", "6290": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the coat.\nThe coat is made of two materials. The buttons are made of plastic. The rest of the coat is made of wool.\nWool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes.\n The answer is B.", "6291": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\n The answer is A.", "6293": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nSteel is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, steel is not a rock.\nGabbro is a rock.\nRhyolite is a rock.\n The answer is A.", "6304": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The tree bark and the log are scratchy.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The tree bark and the log are not slippery.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. All three objects are scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is scratchy.\n The answer is B.", "6306": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nNaomi wants broccoli. Emilia wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "6307": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Susan's bedroom is neat she puts everything away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Susan's bedroom is neat and She puts everything away.\n The answer is A.", "6308": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The corn on the cob is scratchy.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The corn on the cob is yellow.\n The answer is B.", "6316": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Professor Powell's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is A.", "6323": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: The bubbles in soda are a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe bubbles in soda expand to fill all the space in the glass. If the bubbles pop, they will expand to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is A.", "6326": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Nevada is farthest west.\n The answer is B.", "6327": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Sanjay started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Sanjay and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\n The answer is C.", "6329": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nWhen frightened, the bearded dragon can spread out its hind legs to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the bearded dragon can raise its body temperature to make itself seem more dangerous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe spectacled cobra has a hood around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe lace monitor has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\n The answer is B.", "6331": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is B.", "6334": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is B.", "6338": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.\n The answer is A.", "6345": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms. Balls that are different colors represent atoms of different elements. The element that each color represents is shown in the legend.\nEvery element has its own abbreviation, called its atomic symbol. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a substance contains the atomic symbol for each element in the substance. Many chemical formulas also contain subscripts. A subscript is small text placed lower than the normal line of text. Each subscript in a chemical formula is placed after the symbol for an element and tells you how many atoms of that element that symbol represents. If there is no subscript after a symbol, that symbol represents one atom.\nSo, the chemical formula for a substance tells you which elements make up that substance. It also tells you the ratio of the atoms of those elements in the substance. For example, the chemical formula below tells you that there are three chlorine atoms for every one boron atom in the substance. This chemical formula represents the same substance as the ball-and-stick model shown above.\nSOLUTION: H is the symbol for hydrogen. According to the legend, hydrogen atoms are shown in light gray. O is the symbol for oxygen. According to the legend, oxygen atoms are shown in red. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The chemical formula will contain the symbols H and O. There are two hydrogen atoms, so H will have a subscript of 2. There is one oxygen atom, so O will not have a subscript. The correct formula is H2 O. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.\n The answer is C.", "6365": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Hazel wants or needs:\nHazel will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\n The answer is A.", "6371": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "6372": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is B.", "6375": "Assistant: LECTURE: Earth's surface is covered by many different features. Some of these features are hills and mountains. Others are valleys and canyons.\nElevation is a property that tells you how high a location is. Elevation can be described in units of feet or meters.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture.\nThe tops of the mountains are at a higher elevation than the valley below.\n The answer is C.", "6376": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A pebble is not a living thing.\nPebbles do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA television is not a living thing.\nA television does not have all the traits of a living thing. It can receive information from the world, but it does not grow or respond to its environment. It does not need food or water.\nA cabbage in a field is a living thing.\nCabbages grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Cabbages are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "6377": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sarah wanted broccoli in her lunch and Dave was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSarah has tomatoes. Dave has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "6378": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word but is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is No Time but Now.\n The answer is A.", "6381": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Masoala National Park has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms.\n The answer is A.", "6387": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is A.", "6391": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "6400": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is C.", "6406": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is B.", "6408": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "6410": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait. First, consider the alleles in Chirpie's genotype for the body feather color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nChirpie's genotype of Bb has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be green body feathers.\n The answer is B.", "6412": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nTara wants broccoli. Jeremiah wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "6442": "Assistant: LECTURE: Flexible is a property. A flexible object can be bent without breaking easily.\nClay is a flexible material. When clay dries out, it can become very hard.\nA ceramic mug is made of clay. However, a ceramic mug is not flexible. If you bend a ceramic mug, it will break!\nNylon shorts are flexible. If you fold nylon fabric, it will not break.\n The answer is A.", "6445": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is A.", "6454": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "6455": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that wearing expensive clothing leads to getting a raise. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, a person might get a raise without wearing expensive clothing. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is A.", "6457": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether ethane is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of ethane is composed of eight hydrogen atoms and three carbon atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that ethane is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and carbon. Since ethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethane is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "6467": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you why young Mae looked at the stars.\nMae Jemison always wanted to go to space. As a child, she looked at the stars and dreamed of flying there. She also liked to read books about stars, planets, and space.\n The answer is B.", "6469": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "6470": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\n The answer is B.", "6472": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "6482": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: My little brother is as sweet as pie.\nThe words brother and pie are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is B.", "6502": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air moving through a trombone is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air in a trombone expands to fill all the space inside the trombone. When air leaves the trombone, the air expands to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is A.", "6504": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Tammy started sledding. As Tammy rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Tammy rode down the hill.\n The answer is C.", "6517": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the leopard.\nThe leopard has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The leopard uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian lynx has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe aardvark has a long tube-shaped mouth and a few, small teeth. It does not have sharp teeth. So, its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The aardvark uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows.\n The answer is B.", "6525": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nOn February 12, 1894, a record high wind speed of 87 miles per hour was recorded in Chicago.\nThis passage tells you about the wind speed in Chicago on February 12, 1894. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "6534": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nThe Sahara Desert covers a large part of northern Africa. It does not get much rainfall each year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in the Sahara Desert. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "6535": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "6536": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (has a gig, tonight).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "6537": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Zachary found the smell rather nauseous.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Zachary feel rather nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "6539": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.\n The answer is D.", "6541": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.\n The answer is C.", "6542": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. Both objects are scratchy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. Neither of the objects are shiny.\nThe property that both objects have in common is scratchy.\n The answer is B.", "6546": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbia is the capital of South Carolina.\n The answer is A.", "6553": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the magnifying glass.\nThe magnifying glass is made of two different materials. The body is made of plastic, and the lens is made of glass.\n The answer is A.", "6557": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the piranha.\nThe piranha has large, sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The piranha uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat.\n The answer is A.", "6558": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is D.", "6560": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "6573": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flicka's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Flicka's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool.\n The answer is B.", "6574": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. Prairie grasslands have the following features: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. So, the Buffalo Gap National Grassland has hot summers. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "6576": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Albany is the capital of New York.\n The answer is B.", "6577": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each blue whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne blue whale moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other blue whale moved 55 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each blue whale spent the same amount of time moving. The blue whale that moved 40 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that blue whale must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is B.", "6578": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Samoa.\n The answer is C.", "6585": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the vinyl album or Mr. Terry's old record player.\nJust as Mr. Terry was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe vinyl album broke just as Mr. Terry was about to play it on his old record player.\n The answer is A.", "6588": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is B.", "6591": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a limousine is 6 yards.\n6 inches and 6 feet are both too short.\n The answer is A.", "6608": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "6609": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "6611": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lucky is between the guide words laid - lizard, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "6619": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince design is between the guide words dine - drown, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "6620": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The Channel catfish has one allele for a brown body (B) and one allele for a white body (b). So, the catfish's genotype for the body color gene is Bb.\n The answer is A.", "6624": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a bicycle is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "6626": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is C.", "6635": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: An avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nAvocado trees grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit.\nA seal is an animal. It eats fish.\nSeals are mammals. Unlike most other mammals, seals give birth to their babies on land.\n The answer is A.", "6636": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 50 seconds.\n50 hours is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "6637": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion down the rabbit hole is literature.\nLewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a young girl who follows a white rabbit down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a series of adventures in a surreal world.\nThe allusion down the rabbit hole means on a strange or difficult exploration.\n The answer is A.", "6646": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThe air was muggy and humid today where Eli lives.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity today where Eli lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "6648": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sometimes doesn't belong.\nAlways, done, and never all describe things that are true in most cases.\n The answer is C.", "6652": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Griffins or their relatives.\nThe Griffins see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Griffins visit Florida, they see their relatives.\n The answer is B.", "6660": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter brick has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "6662": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe cat's silver eyes were two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe cat's silver eyes were like two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared using the word like.\n The answer is A.", "6671": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The second order confirmation is more formal. It uses more elevated language (we will send a confirmation). The other order confirmation uses contractions (ASAP) and is more familiar (thanks for shopping with us).\n The answer is B.", "6685": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.\n The answer is D.", "6686": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "6687": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince butler is between the guide words bathtub - blend, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "6691": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, change. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "6697": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "6710": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lady's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Lady's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool.\n The answer is B.", "6712": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "6713": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, secondary consumers have arrows pointing to them from primary consumers. Primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe kelp bass has an arrow pointing to it from the plainfin midshipman. The plainfin midshipman is a primary consumer, so the kelp bass is a secondary consumer.\nThe sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is not a primary consumer, so the sea urchin is not a secondary consumer.\nThe orca has an arrow pointing to it from the sea otter. The sea otter is a primary consumer, so the orca is a secondary consumer.\nThe kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is not a secondary consumer.\nThe bat star has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp bass. The kelp bass is a primary consumer, so the bat star is a secondary consumer.\n The answer is A.", "6717": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "6726": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The shield and the bracelet are not rough.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is B.", "6728": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A chameleon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a chameleon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA blue crab is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a blue crab is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other jellyfishes, a crown jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\n The answer is B.", "6729": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "6732": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, spend. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "6734": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "6735": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "6738": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table.\nThe abbreviation \"ca.\" stands for the Latin word, circa. Circa means \"about.\" It indicates when a date is estimated. So, around 1792 BCE, the Babylonian Empire started controlling Mesopotamia.\nThe Babylonian (ba-bih-LOH-nee-in) Empire came after the Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian empires. The capital of the Babylonian Empire was the city of Babylon (BA-bih-lahn).\n The answer is C.", "6739": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator.\nLithobates catesbeianus is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates catesbeianus and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the American alligator are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Alligator mississippiensis.\nIctinia mississippiensis and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ictinia mississippiensis and Alligator mississippiensis have the same species name within their genus, mississippiensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ictinia mississippiensis is in the genus Ictinia, and Alligator mississippiensis is in the genus Alligator.\n The answer is C.", "6759": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "6763": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two water balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter water balloon has more thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "6774": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe famous Venus de Milo statue was found on Milos, a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea.\n The answer is A.", "6779": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "6780": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "6782": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "6785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: An emerald tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nTree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months!\nA bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nMale bison have horns. They can use their horns to defend themselves.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\nA wombat is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWombats have strong claws on their front feet. They use their claws to dig underground holes called burrows.\n The answer is D.", "6786": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "6798": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that a television show must be bad because someone the speaker hates enjoys it. However, this is not evidence that the show is bad. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is C.", "6802": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Empire State Building is 1,250 feet tall.\nIt can be proved by checking a website about the Empire State Building.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe Empire State Building is too tall.\nToo tall shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how tall is too tall.\n The answer is B.", "6809": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation leather is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\n The answer is A.", "6814": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.\n The answer is B.", "6815": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is C.", "6825": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.\nA permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.\nThe function of a protein depends on its structure. So, if a mutation in a gene changes a protein's structure, the mutation may also change the protein's function.\nAn organism's observable traits are affected by the functions of its proteins. So, a gene mutation that affects a protein's function may also affect an organism's observable traits.\nSOLUTION: A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.\nSo, the mutation in the CLCN1 gene affected the structure and function of the chloride channel protein.\n The answer is B.", "6827": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is B.", "6830": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA smooth newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA smooth newt has the traits of an amphibian. A smooth newt is an amphibian.\nA loggerhead sea turtle has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA loggerhead sea turtle does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A loggerhead sea turtle is a reptile.\n The answer is A.", "6835": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The pea plant's genotype for the stem height gene is hh. The pea plant's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for a short stem. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a tall stem (H) is dominant over the allele for a short stem (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem.\n The answer is A.", "6850": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Andrew is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Andrew moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is A.", "6851": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 11 pounds.\n11 ounces is too light and 11 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is A.", "6863": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 325 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is C.", "6867": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the branches.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Ariel requested a permit to have the branches removed.\n The answer is B.", "6868": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **And Then It's Spring**.\n The answer is B.", "6873": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Sophia Browning is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though things declined after Browning became vice president of the parent-teacher association, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused the downturn. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is B.", "6875": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMom wraps the packages, and Dad drops them off at the post office.\n The answer is B.", "6877": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dove is between the guide words deck - drawer, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "6880": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "6886": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is A.", "6891": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is B.", "6899": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\n The answer is B.", "6902": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Pacific Ocean.\n The answer is C.", "6916": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each cake decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each cake decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each cake to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "6923": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nExperts say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with experts.\nExperts say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline.\n The answer is A.", "6924": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 43 milliliters.\n43 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "6940": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Phoenix, Arizona. Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Las Vegas are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is C.", "6942": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A red salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red salamander has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\n The answer is B.", "6948": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\n The answer is B.", "6953": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nBert seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nBert subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "6955": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mars.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Earth. The volume of Earth is 1.08 x 10^12 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^12 km^3. So, Earth's volume is less than ten times as great as Mars's volume.\n The answer is A.", "6956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "6958": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 13 meters.\n13 centimeters is too short.\n The answer is A.", "6964": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion. It links the air freshener to positive feelings.\n The answer is B.", "6965": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Billy and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Billy and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Billy and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.\n The answer is B.", "6967": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "6981": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.\nThe pine vole has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\nThe black bear has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\nThe silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is a producer.\nThe gray fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\nThe beaver has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\n The answer is A.", "6984": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nAs quietly as little gray, sculptured stones compares rabbits to stones.\n The answer is B.", "6987": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The student's finger applies a force to a key. This force presses the key and causes it to move. The direction of this force is away from the student's finger. This force is a push.\n The answer is A.", "6990": "Assistant: LECTURE: When you review a fellow student's writing, try to make your feedback clear and specific. You can use questions such as the following to guide your feedback:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear main idea and develop it with evidence, examples, and analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that the ideas build on one another and are easy to follow?\nSentence fluency: Do the writer's sentences vary in structure and length, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely, avoiding excessive repetition or inappropriate language to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer use accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her word choice by using more specific language.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined text more descriptive language, such as the perfect bicycle; comfortable; durable; my cell phone, a water bottle, and a snack; foldable, umbrella-like top; unusual color like turquoise or magenta; my own custom bicycle; and thrilling.\nIf I could invent something, I would create a really nice bicycle. My bike would have a good seat and great tires so that I could ride it anywhere. It would also have a bell and special pockets for carrying things. A special top would be wonderful, so I could ride it in the rain but also enjoy the sun. I would choose a fun color to reflect my personality. Inventing a new bike would be cool.\n The answer is B.", "7000": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is B.", "7005": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nTerrell wants broccoli. Allie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "7007": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But an antacid tablet reacting with water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "7012": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Julia started sledding. As Julia rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Julia rode down the hill.\n The answer is C.", "7014": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck.\nThe black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European beaver has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe sable has long claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The sable uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.\n The answer is A.", "7021": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Darnell's observable version of the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis. So, Darnell's phenotype for the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis.\n The answer is B.", "7023": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is A.", "7026": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nBrody always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n The answer is A.", "7031": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is C.", "7033": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "7037": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Rust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bike frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\n The answer is B.", "7038": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the great egret.\nThe great egret has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great egret to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe painted stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe mallard has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\n The answer is B.", "7041": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a trumpet is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is C.", "7047": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nMadison, the capital of Wisconsin, is located in the southern part of the state. For two weeks in December, the temperature never rose above 20\u00b0F.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Madison in December. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "7052": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chitters has two alleles for white legs (L). So, Chitters's genotype for the leg color gene is LL.\n The answer is A.", "7055": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "7057": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis.\nAlligator sinensis does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Alligator sinensis are not in the same species.\nAequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Aequorea victoria are not in the same species.\nAlligator mississippiensis has the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "7059": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The tin foil is opaque.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tin foil is not bouncy.\n The answer is B.", "7064": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Angel has two alleles for yellow legs (l). So, Angel's genotype for the leg color gene is ll.\n The answer is A.", "7078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word slouched. It describes the oak tree as if it were a tired, worn-down person.\n The answer is B.", "7083": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is A.", "7085": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "7092": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton apron is the softest. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.\n The answer is B.", "7094": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The ocean water is translucent, but the honey is not.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All four objects are sticky.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The honey is sweet, but the wet ice cube and the ocean water are not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is A.", "7107": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, deliver. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is A.", "7108": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a classroom is 75\u00b0F.\n75\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "7115": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.\n The answer is C.", "7119": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two blocks of iron have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the block of iron with more mass has more thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "7121": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the swim goggles.\nThe swim goggles are made of plastic.\nPlastic is a strong, light material that can be molded into many shapes. Plastic can be made in almost any color.\n The answer is B.", "7124": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "7126": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether ethanol is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of ethanol is composed of four hydrogen atoms, one carbon atom, and one oxygen atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that ethanol is composed of three chemical elements: hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Since ethanol is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethanol is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "7130": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Washington, D.C. Boston, Atlanta, and San Antonio are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is C.", "7134": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor.\nOvis canadensis and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ovis canadensis and Castor canadensis have the same species name within their genus, canadensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ovis canadensis is in the genus Ovis, and Castor canadensis is in the genus Castor.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the North American beaver are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Castor canadensis.\n The answer is A.", "7135": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "7138": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first online professional profile is more formal. It uses more elevated language (certified college graduate). The other professional profile uses contractions and slang (I've got, want to).\n The answer is A.", "7140": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.\n The answer is B.", "7145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMany geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.\nA dwarf crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water.\nA tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nTiger sharks are nocturnal. This means that they are active mostly at night.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\n The answer is A.", "7147": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance.\nSOLUTION: B is the symbol for boron. Fe is the symbol for iron. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one boron atom and three iron atoms.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols B and Fe. There is one boron atom, so B will not have a subscript. There are three iron atoms, so Fe will have a subscript of 3.\nThe correct formula is BF3.\nThe diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.\n The answer is A.", "7150": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 105\u00b0F cup of black tea is hotter than the 100\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "7161": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Undyne's genotype for the Bekko patterning gene is BB. Undyne's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Bekko patterning. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Undyne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having Bekko patterning (b) is recessive to the allele for having Bekko patterning (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nUndyne's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning.\n The answer is B.", "7164": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait. First, consider the alleles in Dutchess's genotype for the ear type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curled ears (E) is dominant over the allele for straight ears (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nDutchess's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait must be curled ears.\n The answer is A.", "7188": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bandage is between the guide words bolt - buckled, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "7191": "Assistant: LECTURE: In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.\n The answer is A.", "7192": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase gobbled up. It describes the tide as if it were a greedy person.\n The answer is B.", "7206": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: My ancestors are from Russia, they came here many years ago is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: My ancestors are from Russia and They came here many years ago.\n The answer is B.", "7207": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rock is between the guide words regret - ruffle, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "7208": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "7209": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.\n The answer is B.", "7212": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Barbara either must give up reading a certain type of book or admit she doesn't believe in female empowerment. However, someone can both enjoy reading paranormal romance books and also believe in empowering women. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is A.", "7215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chief is between the guide words cafe - consent, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "7216": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. West Virginia is farthest north.\n The answer is D.", "7219": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word york is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The New York Times.\n The answer is A.", "7226": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the text in bold below. It tells you one of the things that made Alex different from most parrots.\nMost parrots can speak, or at least copy the sounds of people talking. Alex, an African grey parrot, learned to do much more. He knew how to do simple math. In fact, he was capable of adding up to six objects. Alex added up crackers, jelly beans, and blocks. He could also point out seven different colors and six shapes. And he knew more than a hundred words!\n The answer is C.", "7235": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The population of Millersburg fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Millersburg has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\n The answer is B.", "7238": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each train moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne train moved 835 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other train moved 945 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each train spent the same amount of time moving. The train that moved 835 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that train must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is A.", "7244": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nEmmet has tomatoes. Kathleen has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "7250": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Zoe just moved here she's new to our country is a complete sentence. The subject is Zoe, and the verb is moved.\n The answer is B.", "7255": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has one allele for inflated pods (D) and one allele for constricted pods (d). So, the plant's genotype for the pod shape gene is Dd.\n The answer is A.", "7266": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The tomato plant has one allele for red fruit (F) and one allele for yellow fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit color gene is Ff.\n The answer is A.", "7267": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Denise hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nDenise made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "7270": "Assistant: LECTURE: When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture.\nThe word roaring describes the sound this lion makes. You can tell by looking at the lion's open mouth.\nBanging and splashing can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds this lion makes.\n The answer is A.", "7272": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 65 centimeters.\n65 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is B.", "7285": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "7291": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nBella was stung by a bee, so her finger is slightly swollen.\n The answer is A.", "7301": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is B.", "7306": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is B.", "7310": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "7318": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "7319": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion holy grail is history.\nIn history, the Holy Grail is a cup that Jesus used during the Last Supper.\nThe allusion holy grail means an object of great value.\n The answer is A.", "7322": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 42 liters.\n42 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is B.", "7329": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a guitar is 4 kilograms.\n4 grams is too light.\n The answer is B.", "7333": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Delaware.\n The answer is B.", "7336": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "7348": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statement describes the Steigerwald Forest ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The following statements do not describe the Steigerwald Forest: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has a small amount of rain or snow. It has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "7349": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the timeline.\nJamestown was founded in 1607. The timeline shows that the Revolutionary War started in 1765. So, more than 150 years passed between the founding of Jamestown and the start of the Revolutionary War.\n The answer is D.", "7358": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince face is between the guide words flee - frontier, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "7365": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, blinks. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "7367": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "7373": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the red-eared slider.\nThe red-eared slider has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the red-eared slider uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe California gull has small claws and webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe New Zealand falcon has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The New Zealand falcon uses its feet to grab prey.\n The answer is B.", "7374": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "7385": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Argo's observable version of the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat. So, Argo's phenotype for the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat.\n The answer is A.", "7387": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Law of Life.\"\n The answer is B.", "7390": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable.\n The answer is A.", "7395": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. New Mexico is farthest west.\n The answer is A.", "7403": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is A.", "7405": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is A.", "7415": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three gold bars have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 31\u00b0F gold bar is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "7418": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Channel Tunnel, which runs beneath the English Channel, connects England and France by rail.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the Channel Tunnel.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe construction of the Channel Tunnel cost a ridiculous amount of money.\nRidiculous shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much money is too much.\n The answer is B.", "7424": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Becky is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "7428": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "7432": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA rockfish is a fish. Like other fish, a rockfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn albatross is a bird. Like other birds, an albatross is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is C.", "7434": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jenny or Annie.\nJenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAfter Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\n The answer is B.", "7447": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nSOLUTION: This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nAnd that is well,\" said Lady Clare.\n The answer is B.", "7457": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Neither of the objects are smooth.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is B.", "7462": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "7465": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A brown pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus occidentalis.\nPelecanus occidentalis has the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nArdea cocoi does not have the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, Pelecanus occidentalis and Ardea cocoi are not in the same species.\nIctinia mississippiensis does not have the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, Pelecanus occidentalis and Ictinia mississippiensis are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "7466": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Ken Henderson is the ideal candidate because so many people turned out to vote for him. However, just because many people voted for Ken Henderson, it doesn't necessarily mean he is the ideal candidate. He could be a popular candidate for other reasons. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is A.", "7467": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "7470": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "7474": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Cleo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Cleo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cleo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for light fur (f) is recessive to the allele for dark fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nCleo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\n The answer is A.", "7477": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Fred doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n The answer is B.", "7480": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "7483": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the barracuda.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The baracuda uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bull shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe magnificent rabbitfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The magnificent rabbitfish uses its mouth to eat small, hard items.\n The answer is A.", "7487": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "7488": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "7490": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Emmet that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Emmet.\n The answer is A.", "7494": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Chinese alligator's scientific name is Alligator sinensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator.\nThis organism and the Chinese alligator are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Alligator sinensis.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus.\nMiscanthus sinensis and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Miscanthus sinensis and Alligator sinensis have the same species name within their genus, sinensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Miscanthus sinensis is in the genus Miscanthus, and Alligator sinensis is in the genus Alligator.\n The answer is B.", "7495": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "7497": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is B.", "7507": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "7512": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the ceramic tea cup is harder. If you press on a piece of ceramic, it will not change shape.\n The answer is B.", "7514": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is D.", "7517": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is B.", "7521": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cole wants or needs:\nCole will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about.\n The answer is B.", "7524": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two mugs of cocoa are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cocoa with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "7528": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 35. So, the temperature is 35\u00b0C.\n The answer is C.", "7529": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince they is not between the guide words territory - trek, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "7531": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.\n The answer is B.", "7532": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "7533": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is B.", "7534": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A barking tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "7545": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Preston's hair color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "7546": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "7548": "Assistant: LECTURE: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.\nSOLUTION: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nSand is a type of sediment. It is found in places like deserts and beaches. Sediments like sand can build up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock forms when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock.\n The answer is C.", "7553": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 1 gallon.\n1 fluid ounce and 1 cup are both too little.\n The answer is C.", "7560": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Michael is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Michael might be voting for a third party\u2014or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is C.", "7563": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Pyrite has all the properties of a mineral. So, pyrite is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "7578": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Giants in the Land**.\n The answer is A.", "7582": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is B.", "7587": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The banana is not salty.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The license plate is not slippery.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. Both objects are opaque.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is opaque.\n The answer is A.", "7597": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is A.", "7598": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 23 meters.\n23 millimeters and 23 centimeters are too short. 23 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is D.", "7608": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "7614": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 11 inches.\n11 feet, 11 yards, and 11 miles are all too long.\n The answer is D.", "7617": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence.\n The answer is A.", "7621": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.\n The answer is C.", "7624": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 16 ounces.\n16 pounds and 16 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is C.", "7625": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Sticky is a property. A sticky material can stick to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glue is stickier. If you touch glue, it will stick to you.\n The answer is B.", "7626": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nLeo wants broccoli. Caden wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "7638": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Wishbone has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Wishbone's genotype for the fur length gene is FF.\n The answer is A.", "7651": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Our school has rules we always follow them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Our school has rules and We always follow them.\n The answer is B.", "7653": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A European hedgehog's scientific name is Erinaceus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Erinaceus.\nCaprimulgus europaeus and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Caprimulgus europaeus and Erinaceus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus, and Erinaceus europaeus is in the genus Erinaceus.\nEquus zebra is in the genus Equus. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. So, Equus zebra and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the European hedgehog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Erinaceus europaeus.\n The answer is A.", "7670": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 15 ounces.\n15 pounds and 15 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "7675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "7679": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two trays of lasagna are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter tray of lasagna has more thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "7685": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Tyler's or Dave's.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Dave's.\nTyler worked with Dave to design the new header for Dave's website.\n The answer is B.", "7688": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Walker's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Walker's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for solid coloring. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Walker's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nWalker's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\n The answer is B.", "7691": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The second press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\n The answer is B.", "7692": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "7694": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It mentions the results of tests and focuses on the product's specifications.\n The answer is A.", "7707": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is D.", "7709": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: In a Venn diagram, each circle shows things that are true for a particular topic. The middle, where the two circles overlap, shows things that are true for both topics. This Venn diagram compares Natty Bumppo and Daniel Boone.\nThe detail fought in the French and Indian War appears in the Daniel Boone circle but not in the Natty Bumppo circle. This tells you that Daniel Boone fought in the French and Indian War but Natty Bumppo did not.\n The answer is B.", "7713": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of gas. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is B.", "7719": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nI enjoyed the risotto and the poached pears. Although I didn't care for the seared trout.\n The answer is B.", "7720": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\nSOLUTION: Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nBrenner, Wendy. \"Strange Beads.\" The Best American Essays 2014. Ed. John Jeremiah Sullivan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2014. 5\u201317. Print.\nYou can tell that John Jeremiah Sullivan is the editor by looking at the editor name, which appears after the volume number in the Works Cited entry.\n The answer is B.", "7724": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A comet moth's scientific name is Argema mittrei.\nSphodromantis viridis does not have the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, Argema mittrei and Sphodromantis viridis are not in the same species.\nArgema mittrei has the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nAcanthaster planci does not have the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, Argema mittrei and Acanthaster planci are not in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "7726": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is A.", "7727": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different bodies of water.\nFollow the lines and arrows to see how the ideas in the bubble map are related. The information about the Gulf of Mexico is directly connected to the information about salt water. So, the Gulf of Mexico contains salt water.\n The answer is A.", "7729": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "7737": "Assistant: SOLUTION: You can hold a pen in your hand.\nYou can write with a pen.\nA pen may be blue or black.\n The answer is B.", "7756": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 28 millimeters.\n28 centimeters and 28 meters are both too long.\n The answer is C.", "7758": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Nebraska is farthest east.\n The answer is D.", "7759": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Steigerwald Forest ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Steigerwald Forest: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "7762": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince indignant is between the guide words ignore - ivy, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "7768": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is C.", "7785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Oklahoma is farthest south.\n The answer is D.", "7795": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "7804": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, De Biesbosch National Park has soil that is rich in nutrients. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.\n The answer is A.", "7805": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows events from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.\nLook at how the events are ordered on the time line. Events that happen earlier are shown to the left. Events that happen later are shown to the right. Tybalt fights with Romeo is shown farther to the left than Romeo and Juliet meet at the ball. So, Romeo fights with Tybalt first.\n The answer is A.", "7809": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. McCormick's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "7822": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 880 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 850 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 880 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is A.", "7825": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\n The answer is A.", "7829": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is B.", "7832": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Read the text carefully. The underlined text below shows information about each answer choice.\nEarth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight.\nEarth's atmosphere contains many different gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide. These gases are both taken in and released by living organisms. Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.\nSome of the gases that make up the atmosphere also insulate Earth, helping to maintain its stable temperatures.\nWhile many gases interact with sunlight, Earth's atmosphere does not provide sunlight.\n The answer is A.", "7833": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince moisture is between the guide words mite - mud, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "7841": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is C.", "7842": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many different colors. These maple seeds are green.\nSeeds can be soft or hard. These chestnut seeds are hard.\n The answer is B.", "7844": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.\n The answer is A.", "7857": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a pen is 15 centimeters.\n15 millimeters is too short. 15 meters and 15 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is D.", "7859": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bucket.\nThe bucket is made of metal.\nMetal is a tough material. It does not break down in rainy or windy weather. This makes metal a great material for a bucket.\n The answer is A.", "7860": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Cenozoic era is the age in which we live. It began sixty-six million years ago.\n The answer is A.", "7866": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there are too many trumpets for sale. There are 15 trumpets for sale, but only 8 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of trumpets. The music store will not get any money for the leftover trumpets.\n The answer is B.", "7869": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "7873": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation leather is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\n The answer is B.", "7888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature ferns use asexual reproduction to make spores. When the spore cases open, the spores are released.\nWhen a spore lands on the ground and germinates, it grows into a small heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns live in damp environments, and sperm can swim though small water drops. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm swims to an egg on the same heart-shaped plant. Cross-fertilization happens when the sperm swims to an egg on a nearby plant.\nFertilization happens when a sperm and an egg fuse. The fertilized egg germinates and grows into a mature fern.\nThe mature fern can make spores and begin the fern life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: A fern spore can grow into a heart-shaped plant.\nHeart-shaped plants grow from spores, not from mature ferns.\n The answer is B.", "7892": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "7893": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "7895": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nFerocious delicacy is a contradiction, because ferocious describes something that is fierce or wild, while delicacy describes something that is refined or delicate.\n The answer is A.", "7902": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\n The answer is B.", "7906": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the reporters.\nOn the evening news, the reporters showed rare footage\u2014reportedly taken by a fisherman as he stood on the beach\u2014of sharks fighting over their prey.\n The answer is B.", "7908": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Kiribati.\n The answer is C.", "7914": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Little Corona Beach have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "7916": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "7917": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Myrmarachne maxillosa is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "7918": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "7923": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The scarlet rosemallow plant's observable version of the flower color trait is white flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is white flowers.\n The answer is A.", "7927": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the sand tiger shark.\nThe sand tiger shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The sand tiger shark uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe parrotfish has a small mouth and small teeth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The parrotfish uses its mouth to eat corals.\n The answer is B.", "7933": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "7936": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nA living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web.\nA living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Omnivores are living things that eat both producers and other living things. So, an omnivore has arrows pointing to it from at least one producer and at least one other living thing.\nThe zooplankton has an arrow pointing to it from the phytoplankton, which is a producer. The zooplankton also has an arrow pointing to it from the larger zooplankton, which is another living thing. The zooplankton eats a producer and another living thing. So, the zooplankton is an omnivore.\nThe kelp bass has only one arrow pointing to it. This arrow starts from the kelp, which is a producer. So, the kelp bass is a herbivore, not an omnivore.\n The answer is B.", "7940": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Destiny wants or needs:\nDestiny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Destiny to get to Virginia are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.\n The answer is B.", "7945": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The second sales pitch is more formal. It uses more elevated language (highly customizable). The other sales pitch uses casual language (like our furniture? Make it yours) and sounds more conversational.\n The answer is B.", "7956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "7964": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Nabi's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA. Nabi's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for having agouti fur. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nabi's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having agouti fur (A) is dominant over the allele for not having agouti fur (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nNabi's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur.\n The answer is B.", "7975": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of the Great Wall of China is 21,000 kilometers.\n21,000 millimeters, 21,000 centimeters, and 21,000 meters are all too short.\n The answer is B.", "7983": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether sweeping the floor is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs sweeping the floor something you can touch? No.\nIs sweeping the floor a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, sweeping the floor is a service.\n The answer is B.", "7993": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a rowboat is 3 yards.\n3 inches is too short.\n The answer is A.", "7994": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "8004": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Connecticut.\n The answer is B.", "8012": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower.\n The answer is A.", "8014": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the mushroom.There are two paths matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the mushroom: barren-ground caribou->mushroom. barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the grizzly bear to the mushroom: grizzly bear->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the mushroom: bilberry->grizzly bear->mushroom. brown lemming. The only arrow pointing from the brown lemming leads to the earthworm. No arrows point from the earthworm to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the brown lemming to the mushroom..\n The answer is B.", "8018": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A spot-billed pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus philippensis. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Pelecanus philippensis are not in the same genus.\nBubo scandiacus is in the genus Bubo. The first word of its scientific name is Bubo. So, Bubo scandiacus and Pelecanus philippensis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the spot-billed pelican are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Pelecanus philippensis.\n The answer is B.", "8022": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "8025": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that beauty is subjective and that everyone has his or her own opinion. However, this argument offers only a broad claim based on too few observations. To provide evidence that beauty is subjective, the argument needs to examine how people around the world have different tastes and preferences.\n The answer is B.", "8029": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence.\n The answer is B.", "8031": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 42\u00b0F.\n42\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "8035": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0F glass of orange juice is colder than the 50\u00b0F glass of orange juice, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "8043": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nBryce wants broccoli. Victor wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "8049": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map.\nThe map shows that this location was western Africa.\n The answer is A.", "8053": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Asimina triloba is a plant. Plant cells have a nucleus.\n The answer is A.", "8054": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "8055": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dump is not between the guide words decay - disaster, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "8062": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Beth's Internet connection.\n The answer is A.", "8064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "8065": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there are too many mangoes for sale. There are 200 mangoes for sale, but only 170 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of mangoes. The grocery store will not get any money for the leftover mangoes.\n The answer is B.", "8070": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "8071": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\n The answer is B.", "8080": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "8088": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sadie wanted broccoli in her lunch and Kira was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSadie has tomatoes. Kira has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "8090": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA red salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nRed salamanders do not have lungs. They breathe through their skin!\n The answer is A.", "8093": "Assistant: LECTURE: Banks are places that offer services that have to do with money. For example, banks offer accounts that you can keep your money in. When you put money in a bank account, you trust the bank to look after the money.\nBank accounts are safe places to keep your money. Banks have strong boxes to protect your money from fires and other disasters.\nYou can also use your bank account to get money when you need it. For example, you can write checks to buy things or take money out of an ATM.\nSOLUTION: Keeping your money in a bank account is a good idea. Here are two reasons why:\nYou want to protect the money in a safe place. Banks have strong boxes to protect your money from fires and other disasters.\nYou want to keep your money in a place where you can see it all the time. When you look at your bank account, you can see the money that you have.\n The answer is A.", "8099": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The tree bark and the basketball are not bumpy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The tree bark and the basketball are not shiny.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.\n The answer is C.", "8100": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nButter melting on a hot day is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. But butter melting on a hot day is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "8114": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "8118": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is A.", "8134": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A giant panda is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nGiant pandas eat mostly bamboo. But they can also eat other plants and small animals.\nA dandelion is a plant. It can grow small yellow flowers.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind.\n The answer is A.", "8146": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nYour hand contains twenty-seven bones, and your foot contains twenty-six.\n The answer is B.", "8150": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the African jacana.\nThe African jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe wattled jacana has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe New Zealand falcon has medium-sized toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The New Zealand falcon uses its feet to grab prey.\n The answer is B.", "8163": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Madison is the capital of Wisconsin.\n The answer is B.", "8167": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Pudge has one allele for a gray body (B) and one allele for a golden body (b). So, Pudge's genotype for the body color gene is Bb.\n The answer is A.", "8168": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the armored catfish.\nThe armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The armored catfish uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bat ray's mouth is located on the underside of its head. Its mouth points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding.\nThe clown triggerfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.\n The answer is A.", "8174": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nEdwin wants broccoli. Brenda wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "8176": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\n The answer is A.", "8183": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doze is between the guide words depth - drink, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8193": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Nevada is farthest south.\n The answer is D.", "8200": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by using consistent verb tenses.\nFor example, the writer could change the underlined text to make it consistent with the present tense.\nWhen my grandparents first bought a computer, they didn't know how to use the Internet, so I sit down with them and show them the ropes. We go over a few basic terms, and I introduce them to different browsers. I taught them where to find the URL for a website and how to use search boxes. We cover different ways to navigate around a website; for example, I show them how to use a mouse, how to scroll up or down a page using the scroll bar, and how to click on links. Now they are excited to be online.\n The answer is A.", "8208": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "8211": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus.\nThis organism and the European nightjar are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Caprimulgus europaeus.\nHaliaeetus leucocephalus is in the genus Haliaeetus. The first word of its scientific name is Haliaeetus. So, Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nUlex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex, and Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus.\n The answer is A.", "8212": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. None of the objects are sticky.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue.\n The answer is B.", "8213": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJustine wants broccoli. Caleb wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "8221": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is B.", "8224": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom since sliced bread suggests that the shoes are a fabulous invention. Sliced bread is often used as a metaphor for something that is excellent or popular.\n The answer is B.", "8225": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "8230": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is C.", "8236": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a ladybug is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is D.", "8243": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Gabe, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Gabe down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Gabe up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Gabe.\n The answer is A.", "8248": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is C.", "8252": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A snowy owl's scientific name is Bubo scandiacus.\nFalco tinnunculus does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same species.\nArdea alba does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Ardea alba are not in the same species.\nBubo scandiacus has the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "8259": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "8264": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two soap bubbles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the soap bubble with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\n The answer is B.", "8267": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "8269": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "8276": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a grain of rice is 3 millimeters.\n3 centimeters, 3 meters, and 3 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is A.", "8285": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is ll. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for smooth leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nThe summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.\n The answer is B.", "8294": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Pacific Ocean.\n The answer is D.", "8296": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A conditioned response occurs when an animal learns to associate two events that were not originally related. For example, a dog will naturally salivate at the smell of food (an unconditioned response). However, if a dog learns that the sound of a ringing bell is a sure sign that dinner is coming, it will begin to react to the sound of that bell the same way it reacts to the smell of food (a conditioned response). This is called classical conditioning.\n The answer is B.", "8300": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "8308": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jason wants or needs:\nJason will give up the chance to wear the costume he is more excited about.\n The answer is A.", "8321": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing these things together does not form a different type of matter.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "8332": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion. It triggers fear of the animals suffering.\n The answer is C.", "8335": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\n The answer is A.", "8338": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\n The answer is A.", "8346": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is A.", "8357": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "8358": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the opalescent nudibranch.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the opalescent nudibranch is toxic and dangerous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe blue poison dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lechwe has light-brown fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is B.", "8362": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with scientists.\nScientists are researching a hybrid South African tobacco plant that may decrease reliance on fossil fuels. It contains oily seeds that can be transformed into sustainable biofuel.\n The answer is A.", "8363": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince side is not between the guide words skirt - stories, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8368": "Assistant: LECTURE: Although the Moon appears to shine, it does not give off light. Instead, we can see the Moon because it is lit up by the Sun. The part of the Moon that is both lit up by the Sun and facing Earth is called the Moon's phase.\nThe Moon orbits, or goes around, Earth. As it does, the Moon's phase changes. The model below shows the Moon's phase at eight positions in its orbit. The smaller moons closer to Earth show where sunlight hits the Moon. The larger moons farther from Earth show how the Moon will look during that phase.\nTo use the model, first pick one of the eight positions. Then, imagine standing on Earth and looking up at the Moon. Use the dotted white lines in the model to guide you. The picture of the Moon shows its phase for that position. If you are in the Southern Hemisphere, the Moon will appear flipped, left to right.\n The answer is A.", "8371": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "8374": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play soccer. Instead, some people learn how to play soccer. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing soccer is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "8386": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a car key is 7 centimeters.\n7 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is B.", "8394": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the product with feelings of belonging and family love.\n The answer is A.", "8397": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "8398": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "8403": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The sandpaper is scratchy.\nA breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. The sandpaper is not breakable.\n The answer is A.", "8406": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "8408": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Solomon Islands.\n The answer is D.", "8422": "Assistant: LECTURE: To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.\nAn animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.\nAn animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.\nSOLUTION: The lungs take air into the body. When the air reaches the lungs, it gives up carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body.\n The answer is A.", "8447": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 70 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is B.", "8449": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Jamaica.\n The answer is C.", "8451": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a bus route across a small town is 5 kilometers.\n5 centimeters is too short.\n The answer is B.", "8453": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fare is not between the guide words flow - four, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8454": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A crown is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nCrowns are made of solid metal.\n The answer is A.", "8456": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is C.", "8460": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: A turtle shell does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, a turtle shell is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "8478": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Dave is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "8487": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 385 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is B.", "8490": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is B.", "8492": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "8496": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is A.", "8497": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is C.", "8498": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "8500": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 190 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 100 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is B.", "8502": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "8505": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hot sauce is 4 fluid ounces.\n4 cups and 4 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is B.", "8509": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe lecturer's presentation on economics included some interesting factoids from recent research studies in the field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nThe lecturer became flustered when a factoid that she had presented was promptly refuted by an expert in the field.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "8510": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nFish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a fish. A green frog is an amphibian.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow has the traits of a fish. A minnow is a fish.\n The answer is B.", "8515": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nFiring a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nFiring is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "8516": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Mark wanted broccoli in his lunch and Valeria was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nMark has tomatoes. Valeria has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "8518": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "8520": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "8533": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\n The answer is B.", "8536": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mar is not between the guide words modest - musician, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8541": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is B.", "8542": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.\n The answer is D.", "8543": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "8551": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Bradypus variegatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Bradypus variegatus is the scientific name.\n The answer is B.", "8553": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "8554": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is A.", "8557": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is A.", "8571": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The woman's finger applies a force to the first domino. This force knocks the domino over. The direction of this force is away from the woman's finger. This force is a push.\n The answer is B.", "8572": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "8573": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "8580": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Kate or Katie.\nKate asked Katie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Katie has a gluten allergy, Kate asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting.\n The answer is A.", "8581": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Sharon fell asleep Mom put a blanket on her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sharon fell asleep and Mom put a blanket on her.\n The answer is B.", "8583": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, go. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "8584": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\n The answer is B.", "8587": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are hard.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All three objects are stretchy.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The ceramic mug and the water pitcher are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is stretchy.\n The answer is C.", "8595": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nThe honey mushroom, a fungus spreading over more than two thousand acres across eastern Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be the largest living organism on Earth.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nThe honey mushroom, a fungus spreading over more than two thousand acres across eastern Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be the largest living organism on Earth.\n The answer is A.", "8599": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "8606": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "8609": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Quartzite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, quartzite is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "8614": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is B.", "8618": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Samantha's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Samantha's foot.\n The answer is A.", "8625": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "8640": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Miami, Florida. Oklahoma City, New Orleans, and Nashville are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is D.", "8648": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "8666": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 6 cups.\n6 fluid ounces is too little and 6 gallons is too much.\n The answer is B.", "8671": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 5 hours. The goose that moved 120 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is C.", "8672": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words three and bee rhyme. They both end with the ee sound.\nThe word green does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "8676": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nGordon wants broccoli. Ariel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "8681": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince because is between the guide words bare - bite, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8686": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Herman or her friend.\nMrs. Herman told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Herman told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\n The answer is A.", "8689": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\n The answer is B.", "8692": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Polytrichum commune is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "8703": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Katie or Abby.\nKatie looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nKatie has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby.\n The answer is A.", "8709": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "8715": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A yak is a living thing.\nYaks grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Yaks are made up of many cells.\nA bracelet is not a living thing.\nBracelets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nRain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.\n The answer is A.", "8720": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "8721": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "8722": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is A.", "8727": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is C.", "8729": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nDanielle couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Danielle so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "8732": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the text in bold below. It tells you why farmers had appreciated cats eight thousand years ago.\nCats are among the most popular pets in the world. Millions of people have welcomed cats into their homes. Indeed, researchers believe that the relationship between cats and humans goes back to prehistoric times. But throughout history, different cultures and people around the world have had different sentiments about cats. Such feelings have ranged from fear to worship.\n The answer is B.", "8743": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "8749": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "8752": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince distribute is between the guide words desk - drop, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "8763": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is A.", "8769": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is C.", "8779": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on the ice cube, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the ice cube down with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe water is pushing the ice cube up with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 0.1 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube.\n The answer is B.", "8785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "8793": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play hockey. Instead, some people learn how to play hockey. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing hockey is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "8798": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The sidewalk is not flexible.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The pineapple is not salty.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All four objects are rough.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is B.", "8805": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nLisbon, Portugal, has cloudy skies today. So, the air pressure is low.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThis passage tells you about the air pressure in Lisbon today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "8811": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The feather and the paper crane are not stretchy.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The feather and the paper crane are not translucent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy.\n The answer is C.", "8819": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Any Dream Will Do.\"\n The answer is B.", "8841": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "8847": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "8852": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the clothes hanger.\nThe clothes hanger is made of metal.\nHangers can also be made of plastic. Some hangers are even made from corn!\n The answer is A.", "8862": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether nickel is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that dark blue represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ni. So, the model shows you that nickel is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that nickel is composed of only one chemical element. So, nickel is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "8876": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: In a Venn diagram, each circle shows information that is true for a particular topic. In any area where circles overlap, the information is true for all of the overlapping topics. This Venn diagram shows information about two ancient poems.\nThe detail about the Trojan War appears in the circle for the Odyssey but not in the circle for the Aeneid. This tells you that only the Odyssey is set after the Trojan War.\n The answer is A.", "8878": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether silicon dioxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silicon dioxide, SiO2, contains two atomic symbols: Si for silicon and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that silicon dioxide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince silicon dioxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silicon dioxide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "8880": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bronze-winged jacana.\nThe bronze-winged jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe Magellan penguin has webbed feet. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The Magellan penguin uses its feet to swim.\n The answer is B.", "8884": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are both too short.\n The answer is A.", "8887": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\n The answer is B.", "8889": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "8890": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the branches.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Lauren requested a permit to have the branches removed.\n The answer is B.", "8894": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Jupiter's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Jupiter's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for a black coat. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Jupiter's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nJupiter's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat.\n The answer is B.", "8897": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blueberry is between the guide words beginner - bottom, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8901": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Before the Louisiana Purchase, the western boundary of the United States was the Mississippi River.\n The answer is B.", "8904": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 16 gallons.\n16 fluid ounces and 16 cups are both too little.\n The answer is B.", "8905": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A shoe is not a living thing.\nShoes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nAn iceberg is not a living thing.\nAn iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food.\nA fig tree is a living thing.\nFig trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Fig trees are made up of many cells.\nFig trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA pushpin is not a living thing.\nPushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\n The answer is D.", "8906": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "8917": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The candy sprinkles, the ice pop, and the ice cream sundae are hard, but the chocolate milkshake is not.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The ice pop is not stretchy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All four objects are sticky.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is A.", "8931": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Boston, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Boston.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, more precipitation falls between November and April than between May and October.\nChoice \"About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October.\" is incorrect.\nThe average precipitation each month between May and October is about 3 inches. So, about the same amount of precipitation falls during each of these months.\nChoice \"March is the month with the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nJanuary, not March, has the highest average monthly precipitation.\n The answer is B.", "8932": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "8937": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Nostradamus is history.\nNostradamus, a sixteenth-century French astrologer and physician, is best known as the author of a book of prophecies.\nThe allusion Nostradamus means a seer or predictor of the future.\n The answer is B.", "8948": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "8952": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "8957": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bronze-winged jacana.\nThe bronze-winged jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe northern jacana has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe emu has large, heavy feet with thick toes. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The emu uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.\n The answer is B.", "8959": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "8963": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "8965": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Lucia.\n The answer is B.", "8969": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince map is between the guide words meddle - mound, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "8972": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of organisms. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statements do not describe Yasuni National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of organisms. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "8974": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Pete is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Pete.\n The answer is B.", "8980": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October is the wettest month.\" is incorrect.\nEvery other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.\nChoice \"The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months.\nChoice \"June, July, and August are the driest months of the year.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months.\n The answer is A.", "9001": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Lorenzo hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\n The answer is B.", "9003": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the dress.\nThe dress is made of cotton.\nDresses can be made of many different types of cotton fabric, such as silk or rayon. This dress is made of rayon.\n The answer is B.", "9004": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "9005": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for helium contains one symbol: He. So, helium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, helium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethanol contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and F for fluorine. So, fluoromethanol is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethanol is a compound, not an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "9010": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is A.", "9019": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "9038": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber gloves are the most flexible. If you bend rubber, it will not break.\n The answer is A.", "9052": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 30 kilograms.\n30 grams is too light.\n The answer is B.", "9054": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince leaf is between the guide words land - lilac, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "9055": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A plant cell does not have a cell membrane.\nThis statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\n The answer is B.", "9057": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Car and Driver**.\n The answer is A.", "9058": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mars.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. Jupiter's volume is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is less than 10,000 times as large as the volume of Mars.\n The answer is B.", "9067": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest west.\n The answer is B.", "9068": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The shield is not soft.\nA hard object keeps its shape when you squeeze it. Both objects are hard.\nThe property that both objects have in common is hard.\n The answer is A.", "9070": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is B.", "9071": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "9084": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "9089": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Gunung Leuser National Park has year-round warm temperatures. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "9091": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word calling. It describes the pie as if it were a person who is trying to get noticed.\n The answer is A.", "9093": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "9095": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the Taklamakan Desert has dry, thin soil. It also has a small amount of rain or snow.\n The answer is A.", "9096": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is C.", "9101": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, chops. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "9104": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nUsing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon is a chemical change. The polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the silver spoon look shiny again.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But using polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "9106": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that a person who never finished law school shouldn't be trusted to watch children. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the person is qualified to watch children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "9109": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with one source.\nWhen Molly was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child.\n The answer is B.", "9120": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "9127": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction because.\nBecause most wild orchids naturally affix themselves to trees and branches, planting an orchid in soil will likely kill it.\n The answer is D.", "9134": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.\n The answer is A.", "9143": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Max, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Max down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Max up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Max.\n The answer is B.", "9144": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Missouri is farthest north.\n The answer is A.", "9146": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince very is between the guide words vain - vinegar, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "9150": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJasmine wants broccoli. Bryan wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "9169": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Suriname toad.\nThe Suriname toad has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Suriname toad uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe African clawed frog has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe giraffe has large, heavy, hoofed feet. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The giraffe uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.\n The answer is B.", "9177": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Austin is the capital of Texas.\n The answer is C.", "9189": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Wendy wants or needs:\nWendy will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\n The answer is B.", "9196": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "9197": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Chinese mitten crab's scientific name is Eriocheir sinensis.\nMelanoplus bivittatus does not have the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, Eriocheir sinensis and Melanoplus bivittatus are not in the same species.\nAcanthaster planci does not have the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, Eriocheir sinensis and Acanthaster planci are not in the same species.\nEriocheir sinensis has the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "9205": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nAn iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nAn iceberg melting is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "9214": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Alec was upset about staying home. Alec was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\n The answer is A.", "9218": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Juan sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is D.", "9223": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.\nThe only arrow pointing from the barren-ground caribou leads to the grizzly bear. The only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm.\n The answer is B.", "9225": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Stefan that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Stefan.\n The answer is B.", "9231": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Brad doesn't think Americans should learn English because he wants them to learn foreign languages. However, this misrepresents Brad's argument. Brad only wants more foreign language instruction. He says nothing about eliminating English instruction. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is B.", "9232": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings.\n The answer is A.", "9233": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. Neither of the objects are breakable.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is B.", "9242": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statements describe the Kibale National Forest ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has year-round rain and warm temperatures. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statement does not describe Kibale National Forest: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "9247": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Grace's work is low quality because her friend's work is low quality. However, the work of Grace's friend does not necessarily reflect the quality of Grace's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "9248": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 6 feet.\n6 inches is too short and 6 yards is too long.\n The answer is A.", "9249": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Florida is farthest east.\n The answer is B.", "9257": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\n The answer is B.", "9262": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is A.", "9266": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "9275": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is A.", "9277": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "9278": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics, interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics. Interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\n The answer is A.", "9283": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nGalapagos tortoises live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old!\nA rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nRabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nA western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nGorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader.\n The answer is B.", "9285": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "9287": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Chester's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Chester's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for soft fur. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Chester's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for soft fur (f) is recessive to the allele for rough fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChester's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\n The answer is B.", "9288": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is harder. If you step on an asphalt road, it will not change shape.\n The answer is B.", "9290": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 370 feet.\n370 inches is too short. 370 yards and 370 miles are too long.\n The answer is C.", "9294": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The yarn pom pom and the tennis ball are not slippery.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The yarn pom pom and the tennis ball are blue.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.\n The answer is B.", "9295": "Assistant: LECTURE: A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\nSOLUTION: Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to water in this chemical reaction.\nHydrogen peroxide, a household disinfectant, breaks down into water and oxygen gas over time. Light speeds up this process, so hydrogen peroxide is typically stored in a dark-colored bottle. The bottle's dark coloring blocks light and makes the hydrogen peroxide last longer.\nThe underlined text tells you that water forms when hydrogen peroxide breaks down. Because water is produced by this chemical reaction, water is a product.\n The answer is B.", "9304": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nThe words ask, not, can, and country share a vowel sound.\n The answer is A.", "9323": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nIn 1687, John Phillips published a controversial English translation of Cervantes's Don Quixote. Phillips's translation, a travesty of the original story, was filled with vulgar humor.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nJohn Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost was first published in 1667. It's a travesty that only thirty-three pages of the original manuscript have survived.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "9328": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "9330": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Madison is the capital of Wisconsin.\n The answer is A.", "9332": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is C.", "9336": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The prefix re- means \"again.\" The word construct means \"to build.\" So, reconstruct means \"to build something again.\" After the war, the Confederate states rejoined the Union states. The border states were Southern states that had never seceded. In 1861, the Civil War started when 11 Southern states seceded, or withdrew from the country. The seceded states tried to form a new country called the Confederate States of America. The two sides of the war, the Confederacy and the Union, fought for over four years. The Confederate states lost the war in 1865. During Reconstruction, Americans debated what to do with the former Confederate states.\n The answer is D.", "9344": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "9345": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Dominica.\n The answer is D.", "9352": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for cyclooctasulfur is S8. This formula contains one symbol: S. So, the formula tells you that cyclooctasulfur is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance.\n The answer is B.", "9356": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Maura doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Maura doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is A.", "9357": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The cracker is not fuzzy.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The fries, the potato chips, and the cracker are not smooth.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is salty.\n The answer is A.", "9361": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "9367": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "9370": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Natalie, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Natalie down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Natalie up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Natalie.\n The answer is B.", "9375": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nDuncan wants broccoli. Sam wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "9381": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\nSOLUTION: Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nCamus, Albert. \"The Guest.\" Trans. Justin O'Brien. The Oxford Book of French Short Stories. Ed. Elizabeth Fallaize. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work has been translated from another language because the entry contains the term \"trans.\" followed by the translator's name.\n The answer is A.", "9382": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Georgetown. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is B.", "9386": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nIn 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered a three-foot-tall skeleton, dubbed the \"Hobbit,\" in Indonesia. Even after ten years, experts still debate whether the skeleton belonged to a modern human.\n The answer is B.", "9387": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 120 grams.\n120 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "9388": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the fire salamander.\nThe fire salamander has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the fire salamander is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lechwe has light-brown fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is A.", "9389": "Assistant: LECTURE: All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nSOLUTION: Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrogen fluoride is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with H for hydrogen or F for fluorine. So, the model shows you that hydrogen fluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen fluoride is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "9394": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But mixing sand and water is not.\n The answer is C.", "9399": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of an eraser is 40 grams.\n40 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "9403": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A common kestrel's scientific name is Falco tinnunculus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco.\nFalco sparverius is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco sparverius and Falco tinnunculus are in the same genus.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\nTigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma. The first word of its scientific name is Tigrisoma. So, Tigrisoma mexicanum and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "9415": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.\n The answer is B.", "9423": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "9436": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nStyrofoam is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, styrofoam is not a rock.\nRhyolite is a rock.\nSlate is a rock.\n The answer is C.", "9444": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, grabs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "9468": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nRobert was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\n The answer is A.", "9475": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether potassium hydroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium hydroxide, KOH, contains three atomic symbols: K for potassium, O for oxygen, and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that potassium hydroxide is composed of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium hydroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium hydroxide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "9481": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Bobby is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\n The answer is B.", "9489": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "9493": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the snowy owl starts from the short-tailed weasel. The only arrow pointing to the short-tailed weasel starts from the brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bear sedge and the bilberry. Neither the bear sedge nor the bilberry has any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the snowy owl.There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the parasitic jaeger: lichen->barren-ground caribou->parasitic jaeger. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the grizzly bear: lichen->grizzly bear. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear. There are three paths matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. lichen->grizzly bear->mushroom. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom.\n The answer is B.", "9494": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that purchasing the computer's extended warranty is a wise choice because many people choose to buy it. However, even though many people choose to buy the extended warranty, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's a wise choice. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is C.", "9495": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible.\n The answer is C.", "9499": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "9503": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is B.", "9504": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 4\u00b0C.\n4\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is A.", "9505": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kenny wants or needs:\nKenny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Kenny to get to Arkansas are more expensive than tickets to Delaware.\n The answer is A.", "9508": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tristan wants or needs:\nTristan will give up the chance to eat the raisins. The raisins would have been healthier than the oatmeal cookies.\n The answer is A.", "9509": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 25\u00b0C bottle of water is hotter than the 10\u00b0C bottle of water, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "9513": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shy is between the guide words save - softly, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "9514": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a vacuum cleaner is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is A.", "9525": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Antarctica. It does not intersect South America or Australia.\n The answer is B.", "9530": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a raisin is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is B.", "9535": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nAlmost seventy percent of respondents to a 2011 Pew Research survey said that they value space exploration.\nIt can be proved by researching the Pew Research Center's survey on exploration.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nEven if most Americans say that they approve of NASA's missions, the organization receives too much public funding.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much.\n The answer is B.", "9538": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Moxie's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Moxie's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a red coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\n The answer is B.", "9540": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Polly draws an arrow it points up is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is B.", "9541": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. Which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival, which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\n The answer is B.", "9544": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chorus is between the guide words cedar - county, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "9546": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is A.", "9548": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C potato is colder than the 60\u00b0C potato, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "9552": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A red kangaroo's scientific name is Macropus rufus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nCervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus. The first word of its scientific name is Cervus. So, Cervus canadensis and Macropus rufus are not in the same genus.\nCamelus bactrianus is in the genus Camelus. The first word of its scientific name is Camelus. So, Camelus bactrianus and Macropus rufus are not in the same genus.\nMacropus giganteus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus giganteus and Macropus rufus are in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "9560": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "9561": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "9592": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Antarctica.\n The answer is C.", "9593": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "9609": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the blue poison dart frog.\nThe blue poison dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the blue poison dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe sharpnose-puffer has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe gray tree frog has gray-brown skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is A.", "9620": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "9621": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is A.", "9624": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne goose moved 190 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other goose moved 235 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each goose spent the same amount of time moving. The goose that moved 190 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is A.", "9626": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Jersey.\n The answer is D.", "9628": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is B.", "9650": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen is H2. This formula contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and 2 for the subscript. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen is made of two hydrogen atoms bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "9652": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Peter doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n The answer is B.", "9653": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 7 cups.\n7 fluid ounces is too little and 7 gallons is too much.\n The answer is A.", "9655": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is A.", "9657": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Darnell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n The answer is B.", "9668": "Assistant: LECTURE: Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: When pollen lands on a female cone, it is called pollination. This photograph shows wind blowing pollen from the male cones on a Japanese cedar tree.\nAfter a female cone is pollinated, its eggs can be fertilized. Fertilization is what happens when male cells from the pollen combine with eggs.\n The answer is A.", "9670": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus.\nCaprimulgus macrurus is in the genus Caprimulgus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. So, Caprimulgus macrurus and Caprimulgus europaeus are in the same genus.\nAcanthaster planci is in the genus Acanthaster. The first word of its scientific name is Acanthaster. So, Acanthaster planci and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nUlex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex, and Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus.\n The answer is A.", "9676": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is D.", "9688": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\n The answer is A.", "9704": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "9710": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "9712": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two baked potatoes are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the baked potato with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\n The answer is B.", "9713": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "9719": "Assistant: LECTURE: Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: A conifer's needles are its leaves! The needles make most of the food for the conifer using photosynthesis. They do not make the seeds.\nA conifer's roots are the part of the plant that is in the ground. The roots do not make the seeds.\nA conifer's cones are the part of the plant that makes seeds. Conifer seeds grow inside the female cones.\nWhen the seeds are ready, they can fall out of the cones and land on the ground.\n The answer is B.", "9720": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: Horse, goat, and squirrel go together. They are animals. Leg is not an animal, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is D.", "9724": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "9726": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Precious has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.\n The answer is A.", "9728": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "9732": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Over the summer, my cousin Brenna visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Brenna, and the verb is visited.\n The answer is A.", "9738": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Stefan rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Stefan rode up the hill.\n The answer is C.", "9744": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. This screwdriver has a metal blade and a plastic handle. Both metal and plastic are solids.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nThe water from a faucet is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a faucet into a container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is D.", "9750": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is A.", "9762": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nGoethe contrasts two parallel phrases, love is an ideal thing and marriage a real thing.\n The answer is B.", "9765": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\n The answer is B.", "9770": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that there are two ice planets and four rocky planets. So, there are half as many ice planets as rocky planets.\n The answer is A.", "9772": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 30 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bat moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 30 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is A.", "9783": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "9784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is A.", "9796": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "9799": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "9806": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the lionfish.\nThe lionfish has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the lionfish is venomous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lichen katydid has green and white patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is B.", "9809": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\nSOLUTION: This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that common fig plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food. This is evidence that the common fig plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the double-eyed fig parrot is photosynthetic.\n The answer is A.", "9811": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water.\n The answer is A.", "9814": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "9823": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have horns, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the horns trait. The question tells you that the h allele, which is for having horns, is recessive to the H allele, which is for not having horns.\nHaving horns is the recessive allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the recessive version of the horns trait must have only recessive alleles for the horns gene. So, offspring that have horns must have the genotype hh.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype hh.\nNot having horns is the dominant allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the dominant version of the horns trait must have at least one dominant allele for the horns gene. So, offspring that do not have horns must have the genotype HH or Hh.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype HH or Hh.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring that have horns to offspring that do not have horns is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring that have horns. This cross is expected to never produce offspring that do not have horns.\n The answer is D.", "9834": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Neptune.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Uranus. The volume of Uranus is 6.83 x 10^13 km^3, which is less than 6.25 x 10^14 km^3. So, the volume of Uranus is less than ten times the volume of Neptune.\n The answer is B.", "9840": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Sale or Return**.\n The answer is A.", "9846": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether iodine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the ball-and-stick model shown above, the balls are not all the same color. The legend shows that dark purple represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol I. So, the model shows you that a molecule of iodine is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that iodine is composed of only one chemical element. So, iodine is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "9855": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is A.", "9866": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "9872": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nA living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web.\nA living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Omnivores are living things that eat both producers and other living things. So, an omnivore has arrows pointing to it from at least one producer and at least one other living thing.\nThe plainfin midshipman has an arrow pointing to it from the phytoplankton, which is a producer. The plainfin midshipman also has an arrow pointing to it from the zooplankton, which is another living thing. The plainfin midshipman eats a producer and another living thing, so it is an omnivore.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not an omnivore.\n The answer is B.", "9874": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's.\n The answer is A.", "9883": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the whale and the center of Earth changed.\nThe surface of the water is higher than the deepest point in the ocean. As the whale swam toward the surface, the distance between the whale and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the whale and Earth increased as the whale swam toward the surface.\n The answer is A.", "9884": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nAn eggshell is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, an eggshell is not a rock.\nConglomerate is a rock.\nPumice is a rock.\n The answer is B.", "9885": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.\n The answer is A.", "9888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 26 seconds.\n26 minutes is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "9891": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Levi tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Levi's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is B.", "9898": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is D.", "9902": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Our car was stuck in traffic we were late is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is A.", "9906": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nLee lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Lee lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "9913": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "9915": "Assistant: LECTURE: A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n The answer is A.", "9923": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "9931": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "9942": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is B.", "9943": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince victory is between the guide words velvet - vote, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "9946": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The butter and the wet paint are soft, but the sidewalk is not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The wet paint and the butter are slippery, but the sidewalk is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible.\n The answer is B.", "9948": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "9953": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\n The answer is A.", "9960": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Alice in Space.\n The answer is A.", "9974": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nPope contrasts two parallel phrases, to err is human and to forgive, divine.\n The answer is B.", "9977": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The tin foil is bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tin foil is not bouncy.\n The answer is A.", "9984": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice.\n The answer is A.", "9993": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the clay ball is more flexible. If you bend a clay ball, it will not break.\n The answer is B.", "10001": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "10015": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the jeans.\nThe jeans are made of two different materials. The buttons and zipper of the jeans are made of metal. The rest of the jeans are made of rock.\nJeans are made of a type of rock called schist. Schist is a strong rock that can be worn in many different ways.\n The answer is B.", "10017": "Assistant: SOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in Adelaide, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are just above 20\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are hotter than the other months.\n The answer is C.", "10020": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Do Your Ears Hang Low?\"\n The answer is A.", "10028": "Assistant: SOLUTION: According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to either the state governments or the American people. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.\n The answer is A.", "10037": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 12 millimeters.\n12 centimeters, 12 meters, and 12 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is A.", "10046": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Kevin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Lily was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nKevin has tomatoes. Lily has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "10053": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings.\n The answer is A.", "10056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many maps of Earth use color to show different areas.\nGreen and blue show land that is not covered by water.\nBrown shows land that is covered by water.\nYellow shows large sheets of ice and snow called glaciers.\nThe map's legend, or information box, shows the feature that each color represents.\nSOLUTION: Look at the legend.\nWater in rivers and lakes is shown in blue. Water in clouds is shown in white. So, water in rivers and lakes is on the map.\n The answer is B.", "10058": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\n The answer is A.", "10065": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Bernard developed a migraine because he left his window open. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, Bernard might have gotten a migraine because of the noise outside his window. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is B.", "10068": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shallow is between the guide words scream - slide, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "10071": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is A.", "10074": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to type. Instead, many people learn how to type. So, typing is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "10090": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a reddish-brown coat or a black coat, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat color trait. The question tells you that the L allele, which is for a black coat, is dominant over the l allele, which is for a reddish-brown coat.\nA reddish-brown coat is the l allele's version of the coat color trait. A horse with the l allele would never have a black coat. So, offspring with a reddish-brown coat must be the recessive allele's version of the coat color trait.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ll. So, the expected ratio of offspring with a reddish-brown coat to offspring with a black coat is 0:4.\n The answer is D.", "10091": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "10094": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Cape vulture.\nThe Cape vulture has large, powerful wings. It is adapted for flight. Long, powerful wings help the Cape vulture travel long distances by air.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe flying fox has large, powerful wings. It is adapted for flight.\nThe European mole has short legs. It is not adapted for flight. The European mole uses its legs for crawling.\n The answer is A.", "10097": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a caterpillar is 21 millimeters.\n21 centimeters, 21 meters, and 21 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is C.", "10099": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Arctic Ocean.\n The answer is D.", "10101": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle she held onto the handles is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle and She held onto the handles.\n The answer is B.", "10103": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nMelting glass is a physical change. But baking a loaf of bread is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "10114": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 25. So, the temperature is 25\u00b0C.\n The answer is A.", "10115": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Molly's or her sister's.\nThe airline lost Molly's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Molly and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\n The answer is B.", "10124": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Eva or Amy.\nEva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from her office.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from Amy's office.\n The answer is A.", "10128": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "10130": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Leopardus wiedii is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms.\n The answer is A.", "10132": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each salmon increased, which means that the thermal energy of each salmon increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each salmon.\n The answer is A.", "10140": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an eyelash is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is D.", "10141": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with sweet fruit or sour fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for sour fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for sweet fruit.\nSweet fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the recessive version of the fruit taste trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sweet fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. This box is highlighted below.\nSour fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the dominant version of the fruit taste trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sour fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype FF or Ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with sweet fruit to offspring with sour fruit is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with sweet fruit for every 3 offspring with sour fruit.\n The answer is C.", "10149": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Fox and the Grapes,\" a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour.\nThe allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it.\n The answer is B.", "10155": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for methane contains four symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and two subscripts of 1. So, methane is made of four chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for water contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, water is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, water is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for zinc contains one symbol: Zn. So, zinc is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, zinc is an elementary substance.\n The answer is C.", "10159": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is B.", "10164": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\n The answer is B.", "10185": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.\n The answer is B.", "10188": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is B.", "10210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 40 seconds.\n40 hours is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "10220": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Marvin is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Marvin moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is A.", "10225": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nKevin lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.\nThis passage tells you about the usual clouds where Kevin lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "10238": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "10240": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Arctic Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "10244": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "10245": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pour is not between the guide words patience - pulley, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "10246": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air inside a basketball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the basketball.\nIf air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\n The answer is C.", "10247": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is D.", "10248": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A computer is not a living thing.\nA computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA raspberry bush is a living thing.\nRaspberries grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Raspberries are made up of many cells.\nRaspberries are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nAn airplane is not a living thing.\nAn airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Airplanes get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow.\nA flower pot is not a living thing.\nFlower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\n The answer is C.", "10250": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "10254": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "10256": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is B.", "10257": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "10264": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (have difficulty, stay asleep).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "10266": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is D.", "10268": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "10271": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Europe. It does not intersect Australia or North America.\n The answer is A.", "10279": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Mount Rainier National Park has long, cold winters. It also has many evergreen trees.\n The answer is A.", "10280": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Carter is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "10283": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "10286": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Buteo jamaicensis is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Buteo jamaicensis is the scientific name.\n The answer is B.", "10292": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is C.", "10294": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nAfter Shelby returned from the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, she showed Emmett and Justine pictures of all the exotic animals.\n The answer is B.", "10300": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince reform is between the guide words ravenous - rise, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "10306": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether carrying groceries is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs carrying groceries something you can touch? No.\nIs carrying groceries a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, carrying groceries is a service.\n The answer is B.", "10307": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "10314": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nHerman seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nHerman subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "10318": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Darnel's hair color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "10319": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nA group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the warm temperatures on the day of the climb. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "10322": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether a clock is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a clock something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a clock a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a clock is a good.\n The answer is A.", "10324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nAquamarine is a mineral.\nBiotite is a mineral.\nCotton is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, cotton is not a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "10330": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Austin is the capital of Texas.\n The answer is C.", "10334": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Jayce can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jayce can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "10335": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "10337": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "10338": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The helium balloons are not yellow.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The helium balloons are stretchy.\n The answer is A.", "10344": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 100 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 6.25 x 10^13 km^3, which is less than 1.08 x 10^14 km^3. So, Neptune's volume is less than 100 times as large as Earth's.\n The answer is A.", "10345": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that creating more bike lanes means that Mayor Hoffman thinks that everyone should ride bicycles instead of cars. However, the fact that Mayor Hoffman wants more bike lanes doesn't necessarily suggest that the mayor is opposed to other forms of transportation. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is A.", "10352": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nSnails growing shells is a chemical change. A snail's body uses calcium from its food to make a new molecule called calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate is used to grow the shell.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "10356": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you why deserts are so dry.\nDeserts are places that get very little rain. In fact, deserts are the driest places on the planet. In some deserts, it doesn't rain a drop for months or even years. One desert in the country of Chile didn't get any rain for fourteen years!\n The answer is B.", "10365": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The second press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\n The answer is A.", "10374": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is C.", "10380": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words soul and body relative to the first half.\n The answer is A.", "10385": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Vijay needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 28 pounds.\n The answer is B.", "10391": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the pool toy.\nThe pool toy is made of plastic.\nPlastic is a strong, light material that can be molded into many shapes. Plastic can be made in almost any color.\n The answer is A.", "10399": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A red-billed gull's scientific name is Chroicocephalus scopulinus.\nChroicocephalus scopulinus is in the same genus as Chroicocephalus ridibundus, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Chroicocephalus scopulinus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus are different species within the same genus.\nChroicocephalus scopulinus has the same scientific name as a red-billed gull. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nHaliaeetus leucocephalus does not have the same scientific name as a red-billed gull. So, Chroicocephalus scopulinus and Haliaeetus leucocephalus are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "10406": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation.\n The answer is A.", "10407": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "10408": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.\n The answer is C.", "10411": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Danio rerio is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms.\n The answer is B.", "10412": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Strong to the Hoop**.\n The answer is B.", "10419": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word wheezing. It describes the train as if it were a person who is sick.\n The answer is B.", "10420": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Holland's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Holland's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as.\n The answer is A.", "10423": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is B.", "10428": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, creeps. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "10434": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "10452": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is C.", "10454": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Springfield is the capital of Illinois.\n The answer is B.", "10456": "Assistant: LECTURE: Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\nSOLUTION: A Nile crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water.\nA green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nAn olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\n The answer is C.", "10457": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nWendy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Wendy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "10463": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Delaware.\n The answer is A.", "10465": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "10476": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "10478": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\n The answer is A.", "10493": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 50 grams.\n50 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "10496": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. Neither of the objects are blue.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Both objects are smooth.\nThe property that both objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is A.", "10500": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is D.", "10512": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Alexandra wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "10513": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with yellow fruit or red fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit color trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for red fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for yellow fruit.\nYellow fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit color trait. A tomato plant with the recessive version of the fruit color trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit color gene. So, offspring with yellow fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nRed fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit color trait. A tomato plant with the dominant version of the fruit color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit color gene. So, offspring with red fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype FF or Ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with yellow fruit to offspring with red fruit is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with yellow fruit for every 2 offspring with red fruit.\n The answer is B.", "10519": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.\n The answer is B.", "10521": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Uranus.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 8.27 x 10^14 km^3, which is greater than 6.83 x 10^14 km^3. So, the volume of Saturn is more than ten times the volume of Uranus.\n The answer is B.", "10522": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.\n The answer is A.", "10523": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "10528": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, plant. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "10536": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "10537": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince narrow is between the guide words nibble - nugget, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "10540": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that banning websites will lead to the banning of books. However, this argument offers only an extreme outcome and ignores other possible outcomes. For instance, the government may have different reasons for banning websites than for banning books. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\n The answer is A.", "10545": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "10549": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: The eardrum is a part of the ear is a complete sentence. The subject is the eardrum, and the verb is is.\n The answer is A.", "10550": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average.\n The answer is C.", "10554": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky.\n The answer is C.", "10555": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "10556": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Trinidad and Tobago.\n The answer is C.", "10560": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "10562": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.\n The answer is C.", "10563": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Sonoran Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe the Sonoran Desert: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has thick, moist soil. It has only a few types of organisms.\n The answer is A.", "10565": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "10568": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\n The answer is B.", "10569": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is D.", "10576": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Rhode Island is farthest north.\n The answer is C.", "10577": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the water in a hot bath is 40\u00b0C.\n40\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "10578": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Dean was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.\n The answer is A.", "10579": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF. Precious's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for straight fur. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Precious's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curly fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nPrecious's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur.\n The answer is A.", "10580": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Today, the United States often uses punishments, taxes, and technologies. However, the Eighth Amendment says that the government cannot use any \"cruel and unusual punishments.\" What makes a punishment \"cruel or unusual\"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\n The answer is A.", "10595": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rock is rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The rock is not stretchy.\n The answer is A.", "10600": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nThe maple leaf, which i Canada's national emblem, has been associated with the country since the 1700 s.\n The answer is C.", "10601": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\n The answer is A.", "10602": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nBecause penguins are frightened by humans and difficult to approach, researchers from the University of Strasbourg used remote-controlled rovers outfitted as baby penguins to study their subjects.\n The answer is A.", "10604": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Horse and Rider**.\n The answer is B.", "10614": "Assistant: LECTURE: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)\nSOLUTION: When an alpheid shrimp shares its burrow with a goby, the shrimp gets a safe place to live and grow. So, the shrimp benefits from its relationship with the goby.\nThe goby also benefits from its relationship with the shrimp. The goby gets to live in a safe place, and it can help protect the shrimp from predators.\nSince both the shrimp and the goby benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when an alpheid shrimp shares its burrow with a goby.\n The answer is C.", "10616": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Georgia.\n The answer is B.", "10623": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But beating an egg is not.\n The answer is C.", "10630": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\nSOLUTION: Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nEncyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset Publishers, 1993. Print.\nYou can tell that Somerset is the place of publication by looking at the publisher name, which appears after the place of publication.\n The answer is A.", "10634": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "10635": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.\n The answer is B.", "10649": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "10654": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "10655": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blow is between the guide words baseball - bottom, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "10660": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a coffee pot is 12 cups.\n12 fluid ounces is too little and 12 gallons is too much.\n The answer is B.", "10661": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "10665": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the goat.\nThe goat has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the goat reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe impala has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals.\n The answer is B.", "10671": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nNancy wants broccoli. Dominic wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "10675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "10681": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Barbados.\n The answer is A.", "10685": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the toilet plunger.\nThe toilet plunger is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of porcelain.\nPorcelain is a type of clay that is baked in an oven. This oven is called a kiln.\n The answer is B.", "10689": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is D.", "10692": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is A.", "10696": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nAntonio took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n The answer is A.", "10697": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince craft is between the guide words common - current, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "10700": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is B.", "10706": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\n The answer is B.", "10708": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: The wind through a tree is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nA tree bends and sways in the wind. But the wind still expands to fill all the space around the tree.\n The answer is B.", "10709": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm: barren-ground caribou->mushroom->grizzly bear->earthworm. There are two paths matter can take from the grizzly bear to the earthworm: grizzly bear->earthworm. grizzly bear->mushroom->grizzly bear->earthworm. mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the mushroom to the earthworm.. bear sedge. The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the earthworm..\n The answer is C.", "10711": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the blouse or the skirt.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.\nAlthough the blouse costs too much, it does look lovely with that skirt.\n The answer is A.", "10716": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 75 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 60 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 75 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is B.", "10723": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on the leash, look at the forces:\nDaisy is pulling the leash toward herself with a force of 250 N.\nCamilla is pulling the leash away from herself with a force of 180 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 250 N and 180 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the leash.\n The answer is A.", "10725": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is D.", "10729": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is A.", "10732": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.\n The answer is A.", "10738": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nClara wants broccoli. Hazel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "10750": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A tiger is a mammal. Like other mammals, a tiger is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. Like other birds, a gray crowned crane is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA komodo dragon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a komodo dragon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is D.", "10755": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jennifer wants or needs:\nJennifer will spend more time in the Photography Club than she would have spent in the Theater Club.\n The answer is A.", "10758": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "10761": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\n The answer is B.", "10762": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nErik wants broccoli. Lily wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "10770": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Logan's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is B.", "10783": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words sob and goat rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word rob does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "10785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 17\u00b0F.\n17\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "10786": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: Ice cream, cookie, and cake go together. They are sweet things. Grass is not a sweet thing, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is A.", "10790": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a car key is 6 centimeters.\n6 meters is too long.\n The answer is B.", "10791": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in New York City, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are between 30\u00b0F and 35\u00b0F. These months have the lowest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the coldest months of the year.\n The answer is A.", "10793": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Cape Breton Highlands National Park has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "10797": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nJon custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Lancaster.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Jon's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nJon bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Lancaster.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "10801": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\nSOLUTION: Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nAllawi, Ali A. Faisali of Iraq. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Print.\nYou can tell that Ali A. Faisali is the author's last name because the author's name appears last name first at the beginning of the entry.\n The answer is B.", "10819": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\n The answer is A.", "10823": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "10837": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 80 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is C.", "10838": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm.\n The answer is A.", "10839": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is C.", "10840": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The respiratory system includes the parts of your body that help you breathe. The respiratory system is made up of the nose, throat, and lungs.\n The answer is A.", "10841": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Kemp's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "10853": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the wing type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for vestigial wings (n) is recessive to the allele for normal wings (N). This means N is a dominant allele, and n is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of Nn has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait must be normal wings.\n The answer is A.", "10854": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of speech is different from freedom of religion. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\n The answer is A.", "10865": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\nSOLUTION: The endoplasmic reticulum helps the cell make proteins. Instructions for making proteins are sent to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum and use the instructions to make proteins.\n The answer is B.", "10867": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is North Carolina.\n The answer is D.", "10869": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\nSOLUTION: The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances for the cell. The Golgi sends some of these substances to parts of the cell where they are needed. It sends other substances to the cell membrane, where they are released from the cell.\n The answer is D.", "10873": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is C.", "10874": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\nSOLUTION: The word hi ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.\n The answer is B.", "10883": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "10885": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWalter lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Walter lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "10886": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A European green toad's scientific name is Bufo viridis. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo.\nLithobates blairi is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates blairi and Bufo viridis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the European green toad are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Bufo viridis.\nBufo bufo is in the genus Bufo. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo. So, Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis are in the same genus.\nHyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Bufo viridis are not in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "10889": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the leopard.\nThe leopard has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The leopard uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe orca has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe tamandua has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. It does not have sharp teeth. So, its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The tamandua uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows.\n The answer is A.", "10894": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the burlap sack is smoother. If you touch burlap, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\n The answer is A.", "10899": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nIan wants broccoli. Joseph wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "10909": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "10919": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The polar bear uses its fur and fat to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Eurasian lynx has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe thorny devil has hard scales covering much of its skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.\n The answer is A.", "10921": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\n The answer is B.", "10935": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Basil's genotype for the eye color gene is ee. Basil's genotype of ee has only e alleles. The e allele is for red eyes. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Basil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown eyes (E) is dominant over the allele for red eyes (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nBasil's genotype of ee has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\n The answer is B.", "10939": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\n The answer is A.", "10941": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nDark clouds hung over the coast of Algeria last weekend.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds seen last weekend on the coast of Algeria. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "10945": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 75% of the volume of Uranus by multiplying its volume by 0.75.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 51,248 billion km^3. So, the volume of Neptune is more than 75% of the volume of Uranus.\n The answer is A.", "10947": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Jersey.\n The answer is A.", "10955": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nTristan wants broccoli. Lorenzo wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "10960": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.\n The answer is B.", "10961": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether fixing a computer is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a computer something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a computer a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a computer is a service.\n The answer is A.", "10962": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is A.", "10964": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.\n The answer is C.", "10971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest east.\n The answer is D.", "10980": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nJackie lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Jackie lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "10982": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "10984": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is A.", "10997": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A slender-spined porcupinefish's scientific name is Diodon nicthemerus.\nDiodon nicthemerus has the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nAmphiprion frenatus does not have the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Amphiprion frenatus are not in the same species.\nAmphiprion perideraion does not have the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Amphiprion perideraion are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "10999": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: The new blanket was as soft as a kitten's fur.\nThe words blanket and kitten are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is A.", "11000": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nTrent's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human.\n The answer is A.", "11006": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "11007": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Caring for Our Children.\"\n The answer is A.", "11015": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is D.", "11020": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "11022": "Assistant: LECTURE: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.\nThe map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg.\nSOLUTION: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 18 and 24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.\n24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.\n9 and 13 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.\n The answer is A.", "11027": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 85 centimeters.\n85 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is B.", "11038": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is C.", "11042": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings.\n The answer is A.", "11046": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nTom was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\n The answer is A.", "11060": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Kylie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "11064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\n The answer is A.", "11067": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The potato sack is slippery.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The potato sack is not rough.\n The answer is B.", "11073": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The yogurt and the green apple are not transparent.\nA lemon has a sour taste. All three objects are sour.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The yogurt and the green apple are translucent, but you cannot see clearly through a translucent object.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sour.\n The answer is C.", "11083": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Alaska.\n The answer is D.", "11085": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing**.\n The answer is B.", "11094": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pouch is not between the guide words picture - profit, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "11099": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Helen wants or needs:\nHelen will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins.\n The answer is B.", "11113": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "11116": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Lester investigated whether pruning tomato plants affects the weight of the tomatoes. So, the pruned tomato plants were part of an experimental group.\nThe unpruned tomato plants were not pruned. So, they were not part of an experimental group.\n The answer is B.", "11119": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "11120": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest north.\n The answer is C.", "11123": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "11126": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince phantom is between the guide words passage - pigeon, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "11131": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "11132": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Anne wants or needs:\nAnne will give up the chance to go on the scrambler. She would have had more fun on that ride.\n The answer is A.", "11137": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "11138": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.\n The answer is B.", "11145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "11149": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Tonga.\n The answer is A.", "11155": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is C.", "11169": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 39\u00b0F.\n39\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "11177": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Chelonoidis nigra is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus.\n The answer is B.", "11180": "Assistant: LECTURE: One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The boy pushes one of the marbles away from himself. The marble moves along the ground. The direction of the push is away from the boy's thumb.\n The answer is B.", "11181": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "11187": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "11191": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "11195": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: Mrs. Leonard is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\n The answer is A.", "11198": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Troy wants or needs:\nTroy will give up the chance to see the lemurs. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the otters.\n The answer is B.", "11199": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Hematite has all the properties of a mineral. So, hematite is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "11201": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with mutated antennae or normal antennae, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the antenna type trait. The question tells you that the A allele, which is for mutated antennae, is dominant over the a allele, which is for normal antennae.\nMutated antennae is the dominant allele's version of the antenna type trait. A fruit fly with the dominant version of the antenna type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the antenna type gene. So, offspring with mutated antennae must have the genotype AA or Aa.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype AA or Aa. These boxes are highlighted below.\nNormal antennae is the recessive allele's version of the antenna type trait. A fruit fly with the recessive version of the antenna type trait must have only recessive alleles for the antenna type gene. So, offspring with normal antennae must have the genotype aa.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype aa. This box is highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with mutated antennae to offspring with normal antennae is 3:1. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 3 offspring with mutated antennae for every 1 offspring with normal antennae.\n The answer is C.", "11202": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype for the flower color gene is ff. The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for white flowers. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the scarlet rosemallow plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for red flowers (F) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers.\n The answer is A.", "11206": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether potassium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium chloride, KCl, contains two atomic symbols: K for potassium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that potassium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium chloride is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "11215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "11218": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Chicken cooking in an oven is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\n The answer is B.", "11219": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word hiding. It describes the phone as if it were a person who is hiding.\n The answer is B.", "11220": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince children is between the guide words carriage - cloak, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "11223": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Cheyenne's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Cheyenne's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a red coat. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cheyenne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a red coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nCheyenne's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat.\n The answer is B.", "11227": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Mount Rainier National Park ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. It has many evergreen trees. The following statement does not describe Mount Rainier National Park: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is frozen year-round.\n The answer is A.", "11238": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 22 liters.\n22 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is A.", "11241": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nHouston is a city near the coast of Texas. A record 42 inches of rain fell near Houston during the last week of July in 1979.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the amount of rain that fell in Houston in 1979. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "11246": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is A.", "11252": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "11254": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is B.", "11257": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nBlue Moon is a direct address to the moon, a nonhuman entity.\n The answer is A.", "11260": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the shoebill.\nLong legs help the shoebill keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe African sacred ibis has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe kookaburra has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The kookaburra uses its legs to walk and perch.\n The answer is A.", "11262": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince drive is between the guide words dad - distant, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "11263": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Beth is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is A.", "11280": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Scott sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is A.", "11283": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is C.", "11285": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea.\nArdea purpurea is in the same genus as Ardea herodias, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are different species within the same genus.\nArdea purpurea has the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nCaprimulgus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, Ardea purpurea and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "11293": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A rainbow boa is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a rainbow boa is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA monarch butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a monarch butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other dung beetles, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is B.", "11296": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. None of the objects are opaque.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The water pitcher is not sour.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. All three objects are transparent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is transparent.\n The answer is A.", "11300": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "11309": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "11317": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 34 kilograms.\n34 grams is too light.\n The answer is A.", "11318": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 28\u00b0C.\n28\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "11320": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether potassium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that potassium bromide is composed of potassium atoms and bromine atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that potassium bromide is composed of two chemical elements: potassium and bromine. Since potassium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium bromide is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "11324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 29 centimeters.\n29 meters is too long.\n The answer is B.", "11333": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "11335": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Great Depression affected countries around the world.\nMany countries other than the United States also suffered from the Great Depression. Some of these countries included Canada, Mexico, South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia.\n The answer is D.", "11342": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "11344": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "11345": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a cherry pie is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is C.", "11346": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "11367": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word merciless. It describes the vines as if they were mean people.\n The answer is B.", "11371": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 70 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is A.", "11373": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nSphalerite is a mineral.\nPaper is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nPaper is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, paper is not a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "11374": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have many different types of organisms.\n The answer is B.", "11380": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Hazel doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Hazel doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "11383": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase sprang to life. It describes the alarm clock as if it were a person who is alive.\n The answer is B.", "11384": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "11394": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether a motorcycle is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a motorcycle something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a motorcycle a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a motorcycle is a good.\n The answer is B.", "11397": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Troy is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\n The answer is B.", "11399": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is D.", "11400": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "11408": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "11416": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a potato is 16 centimeters.\n16 millimeters is too short. 16 meters and 16 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is A.", "11417": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure.\n The answer is A.", "11418": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase jumped out in front of me. It describes the curb as if it were a mischievous, unpredictable person.\n The answer is A.", "11421": "Assistant: LECTURE: All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nSOLUTION: Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if chloroform is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with C for carbon or Cl for chlorine. So, the model shows you that chloroform is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloroform is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "11429": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Hornblende has all the properties of a mineral. So, hornblende is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "11430": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Petunia has two alleles for a hairy fleece (F). So, Petunia's genotype for the fleece type gene is FF.\n The answer is A.", "11434": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 75% of the volume of Uranus by multiplying its volume by 0.75.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 51,248 billion km^3. So, the volume of Neptune is more than 75% of the volume of Uranus.\n The answer is A.", "11445": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Joseph started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Joseph and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\n The answer is A.", "11446": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "11453": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSOLUTION: A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves.\nA Steller's sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSteller's sea eagles live on the Steller's sea urchin. Steller's sea urchins have poisonous spines. So, the Steller's sea eagles must be careful when they eat!\nA humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWhales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth.\n The answer is C.", "11454": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a simile:\nJoe's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nJoe's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as.\n The answer is A.", "11457": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Erica's or her sister's.\nThe airline lost Erica's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Erica and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\n The answer is B.", "11468": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is A.", "11480": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "11487": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 30 minutes.\n30 seconds is too fast.\n The answer is A.", "11489": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "11496": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 2 liters.\n2 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is A.", "11497": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Schmidt). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\n The answer is B.", "11498": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mona wants or needs:\nMona will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than she would have spent on the pirate ship.\n The answer is B.", "11502": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nWhen frightened, the bearded dragon can spread out its deadly looking spiny scales to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the bearded dragon can raise its body temperature to make itself appear sick and in pain.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Mozambique spitting cobra has a hood around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe Madagascar day gecko has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\n The answer is B.", "11505": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThe humidity is low where Brody lives. So, the air is usually dry.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity where Brody lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "11509": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is D.", "11511": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The population of Richmond fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Richmond has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\n The answer is B.", "11514": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The glass bottle is fragile, but the gold ring and the car bumper are not.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. None of the objects are rough.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is A.", "11523": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Animals need food, but plants don't.\nAll organisms need energy from food. Some organisms, including most plants, make their own food.\nChemical energy can be used for cell growth.\nCells can use chemical energy to power many important cell processes, including growth.\n The answer is B.", "11532": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "11545": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 390 feet.\n390 inches is too short. 390 yards and 390 miles are too long.\n The answer is D.", "11546": "Assistant: LECTURE: The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.\nThe roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.\nThe stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.\nThe leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.\nAfter they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.\nThe fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.\nThe seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow.\nSOLUTION: The part of the pineapple tree we usually eat is the fruit. It contains the seeds.\n The answer is C.", "11548": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase walking out the door. It describes his last chance as if it were a person who is walking away.\n The answer is B.", "11552": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles.\n The answer is A.", "11556": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince middle is not between the guide words meadow - mole, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "11559": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. The following statements do not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters. It has many evergreen trees.\n The answer is C.", "11572": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "11578": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New York is farthest east.\n The answer is A.", "11581": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to fry an egg in a pan is 5 minutes.\n5 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "11582": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words fake and bike rhyme. They both end with the ike sound.\nThe word lake does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "11583": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with dumbo ears or normal ears, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for normal ears, is dominant over the e allele, which is for dumbo ears.\nDumbo ears is the recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. A rat with the recessive version of the ear type trait must have only recessive alleles for the ear type gene. So, offspring with dumbo ears must have the genotype ee.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype ee.\nNormal ears is the dominant allele's version of the ear type trait. A rat with the dominant version of the ear type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ear type gene. So, offspring with normal ears must have the genotype EE or Ee.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype EE or Ee.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with dumbo ears to offspring with normal ears is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with dumbo ears. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with normal ears.\n The answer is D.", "11589": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Tora's observable version of the coat pattern trait is a black coat. So, Tora's phenotype for the coat pattern trait is a black coat.\n The answer is B.", "11590": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Caprimulgus europaeus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Caprimulgus europaeus is the scientific name.\n The answer is B.", "11591": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "11593": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A kangaroo is an animal. It hops and swims.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nA cherry tree is a plant. It can grow white or pink flowers.\nMany types of cherry trees come from Japan. Some of these trees have flowers, but no cherries!\n The answer is A.", "11596": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the marbles.\nThe marbles are made of glass.\nGlass is a clear, breakable material. Some marbles are made of clear glass, and others are made of colored glass.\n The answer is A.", "11597": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Some humans are born with naturally straight hair. Others are born with naturally curly hair. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "11599": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Florida is farthest west.\n The answer is B.", "11603": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Ian's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Ian's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "11605": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the gerenuk.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe giraffe has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches.\nThe bison has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The bison eats mostly grass.\n The answer is B.", "11606": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is D.", "11607": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Pacific Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "11608": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The glass bottle is not bouncy.\n The answer is A.", "11609": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 3 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left.\n The answer is A.", "11613": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A and Solution B have the same number of yellow particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.\n The answer is A.", "11639": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nMorning clouds usually clear up by noon where Leo lives.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds where Leo lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "11643": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA snowy owl is a bird. Like other birds, a snowy owl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a Caribbean spiny lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is A.", "11656": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Neil wanted broccoli in his lunch and Darnell was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nNeil has tomatoes. Darnell has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "11663": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was released in theaters on July 24, 2014.\nIt can be proved by looking up the release date of Guardians of the Galaxy.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was the most enjoyable film of 2014.\nMost enjoyable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a film enjoyable.\n The answer is B.", "11664": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is A.", "11670": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "11675": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is B.", "11688": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "11690": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "11695": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Kentucky is farthest north.\n The answer is B.", "11696": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJennifer wants broccoli. Melissa wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "11715": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.\n The answer is B.", "11728": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "11733": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The crayon is not transparent.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All four objects are smooth.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The silver ring and the ball of wet clay are not translucent.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is A.", "11734": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A salmon is an animal. It swims in the water.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both freshwater and seawater.\nA banana tree is a plant. It has large leaves.\nThe leaves on a banana tree can be up to nine feet long!\nA peregrine falcon is an animal. It walks and flies.\nPeregrine falcons live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA koala is an animal. It eats leaves.\nKoalas spend most of their time in trees. They sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\n The answer is B.", "11736": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: An underling has a more negative connotation. An underling is a person who is lower in rank than someone else.\n The answer is B.", "11738": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. It has long, cold winters and short, cold summers. The following statement does not describe the Tibetan Plateau: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.\n The answer is B.", "11745": "Assistant: LECTURE: In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.\n The answer is B.", "11756": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\n The answer is A.", "11757": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "11758": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.\n The answer is A.", "11761": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is C.", "11768": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the crested black macaque.\nThe crested black macaque has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The crested black macaque uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe chital has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The chital uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is A.", "11772": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "11773": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Senator Serrano isn't lying when she says she cares about her constituents\u2014she wouldn't lie to people she cares about. However, this isn't necessarily true. People can still lie to those they care about. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is A.", "11777": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nI can translate these French words for you, or you can use an online dictionary.\n The answer is B.", "11784": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each salmon increased, which means that the thermal energy of each salmon increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each salmon.\n The answer is B.", "11799": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Charlotte, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"January is the month with the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nSeveral other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than January.\nChoice \"Charlotte has a rainy season and a dry season.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has some rain, and there is no dry season. So, Charlotte does not have a rainy season and a dry season.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\n The answer is B.", "11802": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "11805": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south.\n The answer is D.", "11815": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the museum's new exhibit needs more security guards because someone might steal something. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, the museum might have a strong security system that makes theft unlikely. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is A.", "11817": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Dudley is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\n The answer is A.", "11818": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.\n The answer is C.", "11819": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Granite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, granite is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "11825": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words the and of are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Here Come the Littles.\n The answer is B.", "11829": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 10 pounds.\n10 ounces is too light and 10 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "11845": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 1 is a savanna grassland ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 2 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 3 is a tundra ecosystem. It is cold, dry, and rocky. Tundras have permafrost, or soil that is frozen year-round.\n The answer is A.", "11849": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "11860": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The popcorn and the log are not stretchy.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. None of the objects are sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.\n The answer is B.", "11862": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, win. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "11866": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 310 milliliters.\n310 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "11868": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a pair of goggles is 60 grams.\n60 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is A.", "11874": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Skippy's genotype for the body hair gene is bb. Skippy's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a hairless body. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Skippy's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairy body (B) is dominant over the allele for a hairless body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nSkippy's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\n The answer is B.", "11881": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (so).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "11886": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "11890": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is A.", "11892": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Trisha has two alleles for having sickle-cell disease (a). So, Trisha's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene is aa.\n The answer is B.", "11897": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is C.", "11901": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: Helium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\nA plate is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If someone drops a plate, it may break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nAn umbrella is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you open an umbrella, it has a size and shape of its own.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is B.", "11917": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.\n The answer is D.", "11921": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is C.", "11922": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. Both objects are salty.\nA sticky object can stick to other things. Neither of the objects are sticky.\nThe property that both objects have in common is salty.\n The answer is B.", "11923": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "11925": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\nSOLUTION: Breaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\n The answer is A.", "11926": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is A.", "11928": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: The properties of granite match the properties of a rock. So, granite is a rock.\n The answer is B.", "11930": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is C.", "11931": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first invitation is more formal. It uses more elevated language (cordially invited). The other invitation uses contractions and is more familiar (you're invited).\n The answer is A.", "11932": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A pickerel frog's scientific name is Lithobates palustris. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates.\nLithobates catesbeianus is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates catesbeianus and Lithobates palustris are in the same genus.\nAgalychnis callidryas is in the genus Agalychnis. The first word of its scientific name is Agalychnis. So, Agalychnis callidryas and Lithobates palustris are not in the same genus.\nBufo guttatus is in the genus Bufo. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo. So, Bufo guttatus and Lithobates palustris are not in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "11934": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "11936": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is B.", "11942": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nLake Titicaca is a large, deep lake on the border between Peru and Bolivia. Dry, windy conditions are common each year in June, July, and August.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns at Lake Titicaca. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "11943": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: An arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An arrowhead is made of rock.\nA rag doll is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a rag doll in your hands, the rag doll still has a size and shape of its own.\nAn eraser is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An eraser is made of plastic.\nVinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is D.", "11946": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else.\n The answer is A.", "11948": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is A.", "11954": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "11955": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Pacific Ocean.\n The answer is D.", "11963": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rita lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Rita lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "11964": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Senator Swift hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Swift wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is A.", "11975": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is B.", "11983": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is North Carolina.\n The answer is D.", "11984": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a potato is 8 inches.\n8 feet is too long.\n The answer is A.", "11986": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A scrawny animal has a more negative connotation. Scrawny and slender both denote thinness. However, scrawny suggests something is thin in a bad way, while slender suggests something is thin in a good way.\n The answer is B.", "11988": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is E.", "11990": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nKennedy repeats the words we need at the beginning of each sentence.\n The answer is B.", "11992": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "11995": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nPenguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim.\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is C.", "12008": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "12011": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait. First, consider the alleles in Kiki's genotype for the whisker type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nKiki's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be straight whiskers.\n The answer is A.", "12016": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.\n The answer is C.", "12021": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "12023": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nEvery winter my father grows a thick beard.\n The answer is B.", "12026": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Delaware.\n The answer is C.", "12031": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.\nThe lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer.\nThe barren-ground caribou has arrows pointing to it from the lichen and the bilberry. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer, not a producer.\n The answer is A.", "12033": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4\n The answer is D.", "12034": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is B.", "12047": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is A.", "12054": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is B.", "12056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "12064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Leaves changing color in the fall is a chemical change. As the weather gets colder, the chemical in the leaves changes. The new chemical makes the leaves look different colors.\n The answer is B.", "12068": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hind is not between the guide words heart - hood, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "12072": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.\n The answer is A.", "12083": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Santiago, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nJune has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, June has the highest average precipitation.\n The answer is B.", "12096": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is D.", "12100": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "12103": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\n The answer is A.", "12105": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plant cells have a nucleus.\n The answer is A.", "12116": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "12117": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is New Zealand.\n The answer is A.", "12123": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But water evaporating from a puddle is not.\n The answer is A.", "12129": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 19 ounces.\n19 pounds and 19 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is C.", "12134": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 60 and 70. So, the temperature is 65\u00b0F.\n The answer is A.", "12135": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Michigan.\n The answer is A.", "12137": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Hevea brasiliensis is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is A.", "12139": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "12143": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is B.", "12154": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nAsian pears don't change color after being harvested, but some European pears do.\n The answer is A.", "12157": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word sprinted. It describes the wave as if it were an active person.\n The answer is A.", "12167": "Assistant: LECTURE: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)\nSOLUTION: When a hawk moth visits a petunia flower, the moth gets the nectar it needs to survive. So, the moth benefits from its relationship with the flower.\nThe flower is able to reproduce after the moth pollinates it. So, the flower also benefits from its relationship with the moth.\nSince both the moth and the flower benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when a hawk moth visits a petunia flower.\n The answer is B.", "12172": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words snarl and twirl rhyme. They both end with the ire sound.\nThe word swirl does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "12174": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is D.", "12176": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "12183": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Scott or Ed.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Scott.\nAfter Scott explained the chemistry homework to Ed, Scott understood it better, too.\n The answer is A.", "12191": "Assistant: LECTURE: Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: A seedling is a small, young plant. A seedling will grow into an adult plant.\n The answer is A.", "12192": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words thank and yank rhyme. They both end with the ank sound.\nThe word hike does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "12198": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The most comfortable clothing is made from wool.\nThis statement states a fact. Wool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes.\nSheep's wool is used to make all kinds of clothing.\nThis statement states a fact. You can use sheep's wool to make clothes.\n The answer is B.", "12204": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is In the Blink of an Eye.\n The answer is A.", "12215": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A tree is outside.\nA tree can be very tall.\nBirds may live in a tree.\n The answer is A.", "12219": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nThe highway is full of cracks, so the workers are repairing it.\n The answer is A.", "12226": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "12232": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "12234": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 105 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is A.", "12240": "Assistant: LECTURE: Authors use different text structures to organize their ideas in writing. Learning to identify these structures will help you to understand the relationships between ideas in informational texts. You can also use these structures to organize your own writing.\nA cause-effect structure presents the causes and the effects of a particular event, trend, or situation. This structure often uses words and phrases such as because, since, as a result, due to, or consequently.\nA compare-contrast structure presents similarities (comparisons) and differences (contrasts) between two or more things. This structure often uses words and phrases such as like, similarly, or in the same way (for comparing) or on the other hand, in contrast, or unlike (for contrasting).\nA problem-solution structure presents a problem and suggests one or more possible solutions. This structure often uses words such as issue, question, puzzle, propose, and answer.\nA sequential structure describes a series of events that happens in a certain order. This structure often uses specific dates and times or words such as first, next, during, finally, and while.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a cause-effect structure to show the events that led to the violence at the Democratic Party's convention in Chicago. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a cause-effect structure. Notice the words because, led to, and strengthened.\n The answer is A.", "12247": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince auction is between the guide words above - asphalt, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "12255": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Lucia.\n The answer is D.", "12263": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick.\n The answer is B.", "12266": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSweet sorrow is a contradiction, because sweet describes something that is gentle and pleasant, while sorrow refers to grief or sadness.\n The answer is B.", "12269": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the swim goggles.\nThe swim goggles are made of rubber.\nRubber is a good material to use for goggles because it is flexible. The goggles can bend to fit your face.\n The answer is B.", "12284": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Genes affect traits.\nGenes contain information about inherited traits.\nAll organisms have genes.\nAll organisms have genes that contain information about their inherited traits.\nEye color is an example of a gene.\nAn organism's eye color is affected by its genes. But eye color is not a gene. Eye color is a trait, which is an observable characteristic of an organism.\nGenes are passed down from parents to offspring.\nWhen an organism reproduces, it passes copies of its genes to its offspring. This is how information about inherited traits is passed down.\n The answer is A.", "12287": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "12292": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "12298": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the giant anteater.\nA tube-shaped snout helps the giant anteater reach into a burrow. A long, sticky tongue helps it catch the insects.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe long-beaked echidna has a tube-shaped snout and a long, sticky tongue. Its mouth is adapted to eat insects that live inside burrows.\nThe gorilla has a wide snout. Its mouth is not adapted to get insects out of burrows. The gorilla uses its mouth to eat leaves and fruit.\n The answer is B.", "12311": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Ms. Boone or her daughter.\nMs. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but she couldn't find the knife.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMs. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but her daughter couldn't find the knife.\n The answer is A.", "12316": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 32 gallons.\n32 fluid ounces and 32 cups are both too little.\n The answer is A.", "12320": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 3 kilograms.\n3 grams is too light.\n The answer is B.", "12321": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting a piece of rope is a physical change. The rope is shorter after you cut it. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut rope.\nPeeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "12324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "12332": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "12335": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "12340": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\nSOLUTION: An Asian elephant is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nElephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader.\nA bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA green iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\n The answer is A.", "12350": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "12357": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is D.", "12358": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Panamanian golden frog's scientific name is Atelopus zeteki.\nAtelopus zeteki has the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nHyla japonica does not have the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, Atelopus zeteki and Hyla japonica are not in the same species.\nBufo guttatus does not have the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, Atelopus zeteki and Bufo guttatus are not in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "12365": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nWoodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food.\nA red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nHammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth.\n The answer is C.", "12370": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWhitman repeats the words out of the cradle at the beginning of each line.\n The answer is A.", "12382": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMr. Fowler exercises after work, or he plays cards with friends.\n The answer is A.", "12390": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Steven doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n The answer is B.", "12394": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her word choice by reducing repetitive language.\nFor example, the writer could revise the underlined text by using synonyms of impressed, such as pleased, satisfied, and impressed.\nIf you're ever in New York State, you should see Albany, the state capitol. When I visited last summer, I was impressed by the museums, the historic mansions and colonial homes, and other cites. The surrounding area also provides plenty of options for outdoor recreation. Nearby lakes and rivers, not to mention the majestic Adirondack Mountains, offer hiking, fishing, and canoeing opportunities.\n The answer is A.", "12396": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Eva or Anna.\nEva smiled and said hello when she ran into Anna at the post office.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Eva ran into Anna at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\n The answer is A.", "12397": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is The Bahamas.\n The answer is D.", "12399": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked eggs and raw eggs are made of different types of matter.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "12403": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Indian Ocean.\n The answer is C.", "12406": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "12413": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "12414": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A boring shirt has a more negative connotation. If a shirt is boring, it is probably plain and uninteresting.\n The answer is A.", "12418": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "12421": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: Arguing about something has a more negative connotation. If you argue about something, you have a disagreement that involves raised voices and maybe even physical violence.\n The answer is B.", "12427": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 13 milliliters.\n13 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "12438": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October is the wettest month.\" is incorrect.\nEvery other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.\nChoice \"The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months.\nChoice \"June, July, and August are the driest months of the year.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months.\n The answer is B.", "12441": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nInside its tissues, the spotted jelly\u2014a marine invertebrate native to the South Pacific\u2014grows symbiotic algae that produces food for the jelly and gives it a greenish-brown hue.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nInside its tissues, the spotted jelly\u2014a marine invertebrate native to the South Pacific\u2014grows symbiotic algae that produces food for the jelly and gives it a greenish-brown hue.\n The answer is B.", "12446": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The cracker and the fries are rough, but the lemon is not.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All three objects are salty.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The cracker and the fries are yellow, but the lemon is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is salty.\n The answer is B.", "12452": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The muskmelon plant's observable version of the fruit taste trait is sour fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait is sour fruit.\n The answer is A.", "12453": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\n The answer is A.", "12455": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is D.", "12468": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is C.", "12473": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Antigua and Barbuda.\n The answer is B.", "12477": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A and Solution B have the same number of yellow particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.\n The answer is B.", "12487": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "12489": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "12490": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first memo to customers is more formal. It uses more elevated language (committed to, honoring). The other memo to customers uses contractions (we're) and is more familiar (cares about).\n The answer is A.", "12506": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nSugar has a sweet taste. All four objects are sweet.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The jello is flexible, but the ocean water is not.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The jello is translucent, but the ocean water is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sweet.\n The answer is C.", "12509": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou can wipe up your spill with some paper towels, or you can use the sponge on the counter.\n The answer is A.", "12513": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, Peary Land has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants.\n The answer is B.", "12521": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a bike path is 2 miles.\n2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short.\n The answer is D.", "12523": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that either we raise taxes or our public schools will fail. However, it's not a black-and-white situation. For instance, schools may still receive funding from other sources. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is C.", "12535": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.\n The answer is D.", "12547": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase devouring. It describes the tsunami as if it were a person who is eating or destroying.\n The answer is B.", "12549": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether nitrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for nitrogen, N2, contains one atomic symbol: N. So, the formula tells you that nitrogen is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince nitrogen is composed of only one chemical element, nitrogen is an elementary substance.\n The answer is B.", "12553": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A sand cat's scientific name is Felis margarita. The first word of its scientific name is Felis.\nLynx rufus is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx rufus and Felis margarita are not in the same genus.\nLynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Felis margarita are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the sand cat are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Felis margarita.\n The answer is A.", "12554": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "12556": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.\n The answer is B.", "12557": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. It has shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a tropical coral reef ecosystem. It is covered with water and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Wetlands also have soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "12577": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The direction of the pull is toward the magnet.\nThe magnet pulls the paper clips upward so they do not fall. The direction of the pull is toward the magnet.\n The answer is B.", "12587": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Illinois is farthest west.\n The answer is A.", "12606": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Water evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\n The answer is A.", "12608": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nLamar wants broccoli. Jackson wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "12611": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Los Angeles, California. Chicago, Denver, and San Francisco are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is A.", "12613": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nThe words late, ask, and tell share a vowel sound.\n The answer is A.", "12627": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that allowing one deadline extension will lead to many more deadline extensions. However, this isn't necessarily true. This argument offers only one extreme and unlikely outcome. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\n The answer is B.", "12629": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Tim must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tim is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "12641": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, the Belize Barrier Reef has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms.\n The answer is A.", "12645": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. All three objects are colorful.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The socks and the silk tie are not sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is colorful.\n The answer is C.", "12652": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The older brother applies a force to the back of the car to move it forward. The direction of this force is away from the older brother. This force is a push.\n The answer is B.", "12662": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 7 milliliters.\n7 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "12664": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "12670": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\n The answer is B.", "12672": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nRaymond took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n The answer is B.", "12673": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. California is farthest west.\n The answer is B.", "12675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A gray heron's scientific name is Ardea cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nThis organism and the gray heron are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea cinerea.\nHyla cinerea and Ardea cinerea are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Hyla cinerea and Ardea cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla, and Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea.\nLissotriton helveticus is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton helveticus and Ardea cinerea are not in the same genus.\n The answer is B.", "12677": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But water freezing into ice is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But dry ice sublimating is not.\n The answer is B.", "12683": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "12698": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh! Stars and clouds and winds, ye are all about to mock me; if ye really pity me, crush sensation and memory; let me become as naught is a direct address to the stars, clouds, and winds.\n The answer is A.", "12706": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\n The answer is A.", "12707": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mason wants or needs:\nMason will give up some muffins. He could have made more cranberry muffins than blueberry muffins.\n The answer is B.", "12712": "Assistant: LECTURE: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\n10\u00b0C.\n-22\u00b0C is within this range.\n-1\u00b0C and 2\u00b0C are outside of this range.\n The answer is A.", "12714": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "12719": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Kelly is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\n The answer is B.", "12722": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Bees making honey from nectar is a chemical change. Bees have a special body part that changes the sugar in nectar into honey. They use the honey to make the bees' own honeycomb.\n The answer is A.", "12723": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The restaurant is in column 3.\n The answer is B.", "12724": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Caden attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n The answer is C.", "12733": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether phosphine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of phosphine is composed of one carbon atom, three hydrogen atoms, and one phosphorus atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that phosphine is composed of three chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus. Since phosphine is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, phosphine is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "12741": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Trent's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Trent's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\n The answer is A.", "12753": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Sonoran Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has a small amount of rain. The following statements do not describe the Sonoran Desert: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has warm, wet summers. It has only a few types of organisms.\n The answer is C.", "12754": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "12756": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accept is between the guide words after - another, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "12758": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nFiddling suggests that the plumber was busy at work.\n The answer is A.", "12776": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: A bowling ball is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nA bowling ball is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\n The answer is B.", "12777": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,370 kilograms.\n6,370 grams is too light.\n The answer is B.", "12785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a hot day is 36\u00b0C.\n36\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "12787": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is D.", "12793": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nWater swallowed parts of the city suggests that the city was destroyed by water.\n The answer is A.", "12799": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is D.", "12809": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "12814": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 1,080 liters.\n1,080 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is A.", "12815": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nSamir wants broccoli. Derek wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "12821": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "12824": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "12827": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is D.", "12839": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is D.", "12841": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "12842": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is B.", "12845": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nLas Vegas is in the desert. On average, Las Vegas has almost 300 clear, sunny days each year!\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in Las Vegas. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "12856": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is D.", "12858": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A green sea turtle is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a green sea turtle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA cardinalfish is a fish. Like other fish, a cardinalfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is D.", "12861": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "12869": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "12875": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and S for sulfur. So, hydrogen sulfide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen sulfide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for cyclopropane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and F for fluorine. So, cyclopropane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, cyclopropane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for silver contains one symbol: Ag. So, silver is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, silver is an elementary substance.\n The answer is C.", "12878": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether argon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for argon is Ar. This formula contains one symbol: Ar. So, the formula tells you that argon is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, argon is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "12894": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether gallium arsenide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for gallium arsenide, GaAs, contains two atomic symbols: Ga for gallium and As for arsenic. So, the formula tells you that gallium arsenide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince gallium arsenide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, gallium arsenide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "12897": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lansing is the capital of Michigan.\n The answer is D.", "12905": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "12909": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is D.", "12916": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is B.", "12924": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "12925": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nThe words easily, identify, forces, and thus share a vowel sound.\n The answer is B.", "12933": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLeah couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Leah so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "12936": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nAn antler is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, an antler is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "12938": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.\n The answer is D.", "12940": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "12961": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nJenny wants broccoli. Zoe wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "12965": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is B.", "12966": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "12976": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion golden calf is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a golden calf is an idol that the Israelites create and worship.\nThe allusion golden calf means an object of worship.\n The answer is B.", "12979": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.\n The answer is C.", "12983": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis.\n The answer is A.", "12984": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is A.", "12992": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince human is between the guide words hate - here, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "12995": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Montana.\n The answer is A.", "12999": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nAll ants have six legs.\nIt can be proved by looking at a book about ants.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nRed ants are worse than black ants.\nWorse shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which kind of ant is worse.\n The answer is A.", "13005": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 75 gallons.\n75 fluid ounces and 75 cups are both too little.\n The answer is C.", "13007": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "13009": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is D.", "13012": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "13015": "Assistant: LECTURE: When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture.\nThe word booming describes the sound this thunderstorm makes. You can tell by looking at the picture.\nPurring and squeaking can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds this thunderstorm makes.\n The answer is B.", "13016": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is B.", "13017": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is A.", "13021": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Meg wants or needs:\nMeg will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. She would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n The answer is A.", "13043": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\n The answer is A.", "13054": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe grizzly bear has an arrow pointing to it from the bilberry. The bilberry is a producer, so the grizzly bear is a primary consumer.\nThe rough-legged hawk has an arrow pointing to it from the parasitic jaeger. The parasitic jaeger is not a producer, so the rough-legged hawk is not a primary consumer.\nThe mushroom does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the mushroom is not a primary consumer.\nThe Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the bilberry. The bilberry is a producer, so the Arctic fox is a primary consumer.\n The answer is A.", "13058": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Diamond has all the properties of a mineral. So, diamond is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "13062": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\n The answer is A.", "13063": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth changed.\nThe ocean floor is lower than the surface of the ocean. As the submarine dove toward the ocean floor, the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the submarine and Earth decreased as the submarine dove toward the ocean floor.\n The answer is A.", "13064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "13066": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne sailboat moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other sailboat moved 50 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each sailboat spent the same amount of time moving. The sailboat that moved 100 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is B.", "13068": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nHospital is between the guide words helping - hunter.\n The answer is A.", "13072": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is A.", "13078": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the evening grosbeak.\nThe evening grosbeak has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The evening grosbeak uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe hawfinch has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds.\nThe common swift has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack hard seeds. The common swift uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.\n The answer is B.", "13086": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit sheen gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for dull fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dull fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for glossy fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit.\n The answer is A.", "13087": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nRicher than the king is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that someone is richer than a king.\n The answer is A.", "13093": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The rock and the log are not bouncy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The rock and the log are bumpy, but the shiny object is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is A.", "13102": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "13110": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Bartlett was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\n The answer is A.", "13114": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "13122": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "13125": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\nSOLUTION: This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that poison oak has chloroplasts in its cells. This is evidence that the poison oak shrub is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the poison dart frog is photosynthetic.\n The answer is A.", "13128": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Reggie must not get a job, because he is living with his parents again. However, there may be a number of reasons why Reggie is living with his parents. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\n The answer is B.", "13133": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Arrived at the beach is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Arrived at the beach and It started raining.\n The answer is A.", "13145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A Tasmanian devil is a mammal. Like other mammals, a Tasmanian devil has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a wolf spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\n The answer is A.", "13147": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 825 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 460 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 825 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is A.", "13162": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "13164": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the text in bold below. It tells you when a giant tortoise might sleep for weeks at a time.\nThe Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean are home to the giant tortoise. These tortoises are massive, weighing nearly five hundred pounds. However, giant tortoises do not use much energy.\n The answer is A.", "13166": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is C.", "13180": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\n The answer is A.", "13184": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Erik is overweight.\n The answer is A.", "13197": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.\n The answer is D.", "13199": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\nAn olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is A.", "13202": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Allen's hummingbird.\nThe Allen's hummingbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The Allen's hummingbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe green violetear has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.\nThe secretary bird has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The secretary bird uses its beak to eat snakes.\n The answer is A.", "13204": "Assistant: LECTURE: The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\ndivergent plate boundary\nWhen plates at a divergent boundary move apart, cracks form in the crust along the boundary. Melted rock rises from below the crust to fill these cracks. As the melted rock cools and hardens, it becomes new oceanic crust.\nNewer oceanic crust weighs less than older oceanic crust. So, the crust on either side of the boundary rises up higher than the older crust that is farther from the boundary. This difference in elevation creates a mid-ocean ridge, or underwater mountain chain. Between the two plates, there may be a deep rift valley.\nSOLUTION: To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Cascade Range, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nThe Cascade Range is a volcanic arc in the Pacific Northwest that begins in California and runs north into British Columbia. As the North American Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate move toward each other, oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca Plate subducts, or sinks, below continental crust of the North American Plate.\nThere are eighteen volcanoes in the Cascade Range, and some of them are still active. Mount St. Helens is an active volcano near Seattle, Washington. It last erupted in May of 1980.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Cascade Range formed as the two plates moved away from each other, or diverged. So, the Cascade Range formed at a divergent boundary.\n The answer is A.", "13210": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nGetting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log gets cut into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original log.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "13215": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.\nThe vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe lama has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The lama uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is B.", "13219": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is B.", "13227": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\n The answer is A.", "13230": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\n The answer is B.", "13236": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince class is between the guide words chief - corral, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "13247": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is C.", "13251": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\n The answer is A.", "13252": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMatthew makes toast for breakfast, or he eats a banana later at school.\n The answer is B.", "13253": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Grenada.\n The answer is A.", "13258": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "13263": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is C.", "13268": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Sidney was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nArianna has tomatoes. Sidney has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "13271": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Amazon rain forest has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms.\n The answer is B.", "13280": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhile at the park today, Kyle noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "13285": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA locust is an insect. Like other insects, a locust is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA white-spotted octopus is a mollusk. Like other mollusks, a white-spotted octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\n The answer is C.", "13293": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Charlie sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is B.", "13309": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Dustin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Irma was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nDustin has tomatoes. Irma has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "13311": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map showing the triangular trade.\nThe map shows that this trade involved places in Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, and North America. The only places missing from the map are the Thirteen Colonies and China.\nThe Thirteen Colonies did not have a direct role in the triangular trade. Instead, they were the destination for most of the goods traded in this pattern.\nChina did not participate in the triangular trade.\n The answer is B.", "13312": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince join is between the guide words jerk - junk, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "13319": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Canada lynx's scientific name is Lynx canadensis.\nLynx canadensis is in the same genus as Lynx rufus, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Lynx canadensis and Lynx rufus are different species within the same genus.\nMacropus agilis does not have the same scientific name as a Canada lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Macropus agilis are not in the same species.\nLynx canadensis has the same scientific name as a Canada lynx. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "13344": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "13348": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "13354": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nHeather was terribly late to work this morning because her car broke down on the freeway.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nHeather's car was running terribly before she took it to the mechanic for a tune-up.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "13356": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nElise wants broccoli. Nolan wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "13388": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nWarren custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oak Grove.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Warren's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nWarren bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oak Grove.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "13392": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "13393": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Anna's hair color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "13394": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nina wanted broccoli in her lunch and Ivan was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nNina has tomatoes. Ivan has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "13397": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a warm loaf of bread is 65\u00b0C.\n65\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is B.", "13408": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that California avocados are the best because they're grown in California. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is C.", "13413": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The flutes are colorful.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The flutes are not sticky.\n The answer is A.", "13420": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether lithium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for lithium bromide, LiBr, contains two atomic symbols: Li for lithium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that lithium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince lithium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, lithium bromide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "13424": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: Coffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nAn eraser is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An eraser is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nThe air inside a tire is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air in a tire expands to fill all the space inside the tire. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the tire.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is B.", "13434": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "13437": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nSOLUTION: This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nI heard a Fly buzz\u2014when I died\u2014\nThe Stillness in the Room\nWas like the Stillness in the Air\u2014\nBetween the Heaves of Storm\u2014\n The answer is A.", "13441": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nChurchill repeats the words victory and however at the beginning of each sentence.\n The answer is A.", "13443": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is C.", "13446": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is C.", "13456": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have many different types of organisms.\n The answer is A.", "13457": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "13458": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sacred is not between the guide words shoe - source, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "13459": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Earth. The volume of Earth is 1.08 x 10^12 km^3, which is greater than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Earth is more than ten times the volume of Mercury.\n The answer is A.", "13461": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "13463": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nPlacental mammals have the following traits:\nThey give birth to live offspring.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA North American beaver has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nIt has fur.\nA North American beaver has the traits of a placental mammal. A North American beaver is a placental mammal.\nA dwarf crocodile has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA dwarf crocodile does not have all of the traits of a placental mammal. A dwarf crocodile is a reptile.\n The answer is B.", "13469": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Darnel wants or needs:\nDarnel will spend more money. Plane tickets for Darnel to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Virginia.\n The answer is B.", "13471": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Devon's skin color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "13475": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "13476": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude.\n The answer is A.", "13480": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each bottle increased, which means that the thermal energy of each bottle increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each bottle.\n The answer is A.", "13484": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A painted stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\n The answer is A.", "13488": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Sugar has two alleles for a normal-sized body (B). So, Sugar's genotype for the body size gene is BB.\n The answer is A.", "13489": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is B.", "13491": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "13497": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "13500": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The cracker is not salty.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The cracker is bendable.\n The answer is B.", "13503": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.\n The answer is A.", "13507": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.\n The answer is B.", "13510": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 23 seconds.\n23 minutes is too slow.\n The answer is A.", "13525": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Water freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\n The answer is B.", "13528": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Pablo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is B.", "13539": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Apple or Orange**.\n The answer is A.", "13544": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the bull shark.\nThe bull shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The bull shark uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat.\n The answer is B.", "13547": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many maps of Earth use color to show different areas.\nGreen and brown show land that is not covered by water.\nBlue shows liquid water in oceans, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water.\nWhite shows frozen water. These parts of Earth's surface are covered by ice.\nSOLUTION: Use the legend to decide which part of the map is shown below.\nThe legend tells you that water in oceans is shown in blue. This map shows that the water in oceans covers most of the map. So, this is on the map.\n The answer is B.", "13551": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words rut and shut rhyme. They both end with the ut sound.\nThe word mat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is A.", "13552": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "13571": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the kelp.\nThe only arrow pointing to the bat star starts from the kelp bass. The only arrow pointing to the kelp bass starts from the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. No arrow points to the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the bat star.\nThe only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. No arrow points to the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the zooplankton.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the phytoplankton: kelp->zooplankton->phytpankton. There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the plainfin midshipman: kelp->zooplankton->plainfin midshipman.\n The answer is B.", "13574": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "13592": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish.\n The answer is B.", "13599": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\n The answer is B.", "13603": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "13605": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is The Bahamas.\n The answer is A.", "13614": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "13621": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (FYI).\nThe second sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\n The answer is A.", "13640": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Josh's skin color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "13643": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The yarn pom pom is scratchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The yarn pom pom is not blue.\n The answer is B.", "13644": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map.\nThe map shows that England claimed most of the Atlantic coast of North America. The colonies are shaded by region, and the region that would later become the United States is mostly filled with the color of England.\n The answer is A.", "13652": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nLacerta agilis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Lacerta agilis and Macropus agilis have the same species name within their genus, agilis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Lacerta agilis is in the genus Lacerta, and Macropus agilis is in the genus Macropus.\nIctinia mississippiensis is in the genus Ictinia. The first word of its scientific name is Ictinia. So, Ictinia mississippiensis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the agile wallaby are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Macropus agilis.\n The answer is B.", "13666": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others.\n The answer is A.", "13667": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nKyle wants broccoli. Tony wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "13678": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nBrad perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nBrad perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "13687": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is A.", "13688": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "13695": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "13696": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass bottle is harder. If you squeeze a glass bottle, it will not change shape.\n The answer is A.", "13704": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "13715": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nZebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\n The answer is D.", "13726": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "13732": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is C.", "13736": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 3 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left.\n The answer is B.", "13738": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "13741": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is A.", "13744": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCartilaginous fish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey live underwater.\nThey have a skeleton made of cartilage.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA snowy owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers on its feet.\nIt has wings.\nA snowy owl does not have all of the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A snowy owl is a bird.\nA tiger shark has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt lives underwater.\nIt has a skeleton made of cartilage.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA tiger shark has the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A tiger shark is a cartilaginous fish.\n The answer is A.", "13745": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "13746": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is D.", "13752": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is C.", "13754": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "13756": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on the cat, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the cat down with a force of 40 N.\nThe bottom of the box is pushing the cat up with a force of 40 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 40 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cat.\n The answer is B.", "13758": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "13765": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\n The answer is A.", "13767": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Jane's or Bella's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Bella's.\nJane roomed with Bella last year, but Bella's messiness became a point of contention.\n The answer is A.", "13777": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe palm leaf fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the palm leaf fossil is most likely younger than the fern fossil.\n The answer is B.", "13781": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Massachusetts is farthest south.\n The answer is B.", "13784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (occurs).\nThe first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "13795": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\n The answer is A.", "13807": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "13811": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nA boy floated down the Obed River on a raft. It had rained the day before, so the river was flowing fast.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the flow of the Obed River the day before. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "13814": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "13815": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Cyprinus carpio is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCyprinus carpio is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that common carp is the common name.\n The answer is B.", "13818": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nKevin prepared a receipt for the customer while Zack packaged her items for her.\n The answer is B.", "13834": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is B.", "13837": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Chicago, Illinois. Cleveland, Omaha, and St. Louis are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is B.", "13845": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "13856": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0F marble is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is C.", "13858": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The stuffed dice are not smooth.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The tennis ball is not transparent.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is soft.\n The answer is A.", "13868": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is D.", "13869": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is C.", "13872": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 260\u00b0F brick is hotter than the 235\u00b0F brick, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "13878": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A mandarinfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nMandarinfish often live near coral reefs. They eat small worms, snails, and fish eggs.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\n The answer is A.", "13879": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince idea is between the guide words imagine - irrigation, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "13886": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason, by citing data that proves the product's effectiveness.\n The answer is B.", "13887": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince buck is not between the guide words being - blind, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "13896": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graph can be used to show the relationship between two variables. In a graph, one variable is plotted against the other variable.\nSOLUTION: To start, look at the table and find the column that shows the temperature of each battery. Then, look at the column that shows the amount of time it took for each battery to cool. Use these numbers to plot each battery's temperature over time.\nThe plot below shows the temperature of each battery over time. The legend shows the temperature that each battery reached after the amount of time shown in the table.\n The answer is A.", "13907": "Assistant: LECTURE: All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nSOLUTION: Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrogen peroxide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with H for hydrogen or O for oxygen. So, the model shows you that hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "13911": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: The child chews her food carefully is a complete sentence. The subject is the child, and the verb is chews.\n The answer is A.", "13914": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. None of the objects are yellow.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The popcorn and the log are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is C.", "13932": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 115\u00b0F cup of black tea is colder than the 120\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "13945": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's.\n The answer is A.", "13947": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Springfield is the capital of Illinois.\n The answer is A.", "13949": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "13950": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a city bus is 10 tons.\n10 ounces and 10 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is B.", "13952": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Edgar started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Edgar and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\n The answer is B.", "13953": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is E.", "13960": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "13961": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, manages. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "13962": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "13968": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: An island culture different from our own is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is B.", "13970": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is D.", "13971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Somerville Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Somerville's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Somerville Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Somerville's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "13972": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, slammed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is B.", "13976": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on a Bed.\"\n The answer is B.", "13977": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is D.", "13978": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Minnie's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for wavy fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nMinnie's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be straight fur.\n The answer is B.", "13985": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 30\u00b0C mug of cocoa is colder than the 65\u00b0C mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "13988": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "13993": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The four Middle Colonies are dark blue on the map:\nDuring colonial times, Delaware was usually called the Three Lower Counties on the Delaware, or the Lower Counties for short.\nNew York claimed part of the land that would later become the state of Vermont. But New Hampshire, a New England colony, also claimed this area.\n The answer is C.", "13995": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\nChoice \"February is wetter than March.\" is incorrect.\nWetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March.\nChoice \"October has the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nMost other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than October.\n The answer is C.", "13998": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAn energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy.\n The answer is B.", "13999": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wrath is not between the guide words weary - wiggle, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "14005": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nIt can be proved by looking at a list of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a site better or worse.\n The answer is A.", "14029": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.\n The answer is A.", "14039": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nJohnson contrasts two parallel phrases, the natural flights of the human mind and from hope to hope.\n The answer is B.", "14040": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nVancouver Island is in on the west coast of Canada. Much of the island received heavy rain on November 28 last year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the rain that fell on Vancouver Island on a specific day last year. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "14041": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction but.\nBabe Ruth hit 714 home runs during his baseball career but struck out 1,330 times.\n The answer is B.", "14048": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "14054": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the phrase lounged in. It describes the cars as if they were people who are relaxed.\n The answer is A.", "14060": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "14064": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Beth wants or needs:\nBeth will give up the chance to go on the screaming swing. She would have had more fun on that ride.\n The answer is B.", "14072": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice.\n The answer is B.", "14073": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other spiders, a black orb weaver spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA harvest mouse is a mammal. Like other mammals, a harvest mouse is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is C.", "14086": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "14087": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "14094": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, melts. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "14096": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Rob wanted broccoli in his lunch and Carrie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nRob has tomatoes. Carrie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "14098": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance.\nSOLUTION: P is the symbol for phosphorus. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one phosphorus atom and three chlorine atoms.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols P and Cl. There is one phosphorus atom, so P will not have a subscript. There are three chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 3.\nThe correct formula is PCl5.\nThe diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.\n The answer is B.", "14103": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: On that winter morning, Luna's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\n The answer is B.", "14106": "Assistant: LECTURE: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C.\nSOLUTION: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with temperatures between 25\u00b0C and 35\u00b0C.\n10\u00b0C is within this range.\n14\u00b0C and 30\u00b0C are outside of this range.\n The answer is C.", "14108": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince identify is between the guide words image - indicate, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "14112": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is A.", "14117": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Pierre is the capital of South Dakota.\n The answer is C.", "14124": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSusan is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is D.", "14125": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is C.", "14132": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is B.", "14136": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\n The answer is B.", "14139": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince physical is between the guide words pen - popular, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "14145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nGiraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach.\nA manta ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nRays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances.\n The answer is A.", "14146": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent, but the gold nugget is not.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The gold nugget and the sapphire are not fuzzy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is A.", "14156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "14162": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of gas. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is B.", "14165": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black eyes or red eyes, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for red eyes, is dominant over the e allele, which is for black eyes.\nBlack eyes is the recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the recessive version of the eye color trait must have only recessive alleles for the eye color gene. So, offspring with black eyes must have the genotype ee.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee.\nRed eyes is the dominant allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the dominant version of the eye color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the eye color gene. So, offspring with red eyes must have the genotype EE or Ee.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with black eyes to offspring with red eyes is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with black eyes. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with red eyes.\n The answer is B.", "14167": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\nSOLUTION: This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that tillandisa tectorum air plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the komondor dog is photosynthetic.\n The answer is A.", "14169": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Shangri-La is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is hypnotized by a character who is herself under the spell of a guru. The guru is said to come from a place of great beauty and peace, which Svengali describes as \"Shangri-La.\"\nThe allusion Shangri-La means a place of great beauty and peace.\n The answer is B.", "14172": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "14175": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "14187": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "14191": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs:\nIsabelle will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\n The answer is A.", "14192": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is A.", "14203": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "14204": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: Saw, hammer, and shovel go together. They are tools. Window is not a tool, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is C.", "14205": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\n\"Shooting stars\" are really bits of rock and dust burning up in Earth's atmosphere.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about shooting stars.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nCamping in the woods is the best way to see shooting stars.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about the best way to see shooting stars.\n The answer is A.", "14206": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "14210": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. New York City, Baltimore, and Pittsburgh are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is C.", "14212": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSally has tomatoes. Chloe has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "14219": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is A.", "14224": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nIstanbul is on the coast of Turkey, where nighttime temperatures average between 60\u00b0F and 70\u00b0F each year during June, July, and August.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Istanbul. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "14233": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. McConnell is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "14245": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A marbled salamander's scientific name is Ambystoma opacum.\nAmbystoma opacum has the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nTaricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.\nLissotriton helveticus does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "14246": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: The neighbor's loud music was a blaring fire alarm.\nThe words music and fire alarm are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\n The answer is B.", "14254": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\nA red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\nA gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWolves often live in family groups. A wolf mother, father, and their children travel together.\n The answer is B.", "14255": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether walking a dog is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs walking a dog something you can touch? No.\nIs walking a dog a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, walking a dog is a service.\n The answer is A.", "14268": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nMario Andretti, the only person named Driver of the Year in three different decades, is a great role model for young people interested in auto racing.\nIt can be proved by reading about Mario Andretti.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nRace car driver Mario Andretti won the Daytona 500, Indy 500, and Formula One titles during his career.\nWon shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a person a great role model.\n The answer is B.", "14270": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "14272": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: South American farmers have just harvested a large amount of cocoa beans. Since more cocoa beans were produced, the supply of chocolate bars will probably go up.\n The answer is A.", "14275": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A chuckle has a more positive connotation. Chuckling is a good thing.\n The answer is A.", "14279": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 26 inches.\n26 feet, 26 yards, and 26 miles are all too long.\n The answer is B.", "14299": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "14304": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe bare tree's branches were sharp needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared using the word as.\n The answer is A.", "14308": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\n The answer is B.", "14318": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.\n The answer is C.", "14324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "14327": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for bumpy fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth fruit (f) is recessive to the allele for bumpy fruit (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit.\n The answer is A.", "14332": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "14341": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. The trombone is shiny.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The trombone is not blue.\n The answer is B.", "14342": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: An atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA piranha is a fish. Like other fish, a piranha is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA dyeing dart frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a dyeing dart frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is A.", "14348": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "14349": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is C.", "14355": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether platinum is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for platinum contains one atomic symbol: Pt. So, the formula tells you that platinum is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince platinum is composed of only one chemical element, platinum is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "14356": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nWinds are called offshore when they blow from land to water. The winds in southern Nicaragua blow offshore over 300 days per year. Most people prefer to surf on days when the winds are offshore.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in southern Nicaragua. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "14368": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the Alexanders' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is B.", "14369": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 21 inches.\n21 feet is too long.\n The answer is A.", "14373": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is A.", "14375": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Randolph is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\n The answer is A.", "14376": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 28 seconds.\n28 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "14386": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Diana's skin color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "14387": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is C.", "14399": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "14403": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the new employees or their intake forms.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the forms.\nMr. Russo wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\n The answer is B.", "14405": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is gg. The rose plant's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for bush growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.\n The answer is A.", "14406": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is D.", "14407": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A green iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA mandarinfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nMandarinfish often live near coral reefs. They eat small worms, snails, and fish eggs.\nA red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\n The answer is A.", "14417": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A roller skate is not a living thing.\nRoller skates do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA cave is not a living thing.\nA cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.\nA kelp is a living thing.\nKelp grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Kelps are made up of many cells.\nKelps are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA the Great Sphinx of Giza is not a living thing.\nThe Great Sphinx is a statue of a cat-headed god. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\n The answer is C.", "14420": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "14421": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is C.", "14424": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\n The answer is A.", "14426": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A bobcat's scientific name is Lynx rufus. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx.\nPython molurus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python molurus and Lynx rufus are not in the same genus.\nMacropus rufus and Lynx rufus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Macropus rufus and Lynx rufus have the same species name within their genus, rufus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Macropus rufus is in the genus Macropus, and Lynx rufus is in the genus Lynx.\nLynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Lynx rufus are in the same genus.\n The answer is A.", "14428": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The diner is in row B.\n The answer is D.", "14438": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered in water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, Everglades National Park has land that is covered in water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.\n The answer is A.", "14440": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "14442": "Assistant: LECTURE: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.\nSOLUTION: Shale is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nMud is a type of sediment. It is found in places like river valleys. Sediments like mud can build up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock forms when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock.\n The answer is A.", "14444": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Sam is overweight.\n The answer is A.", "14456": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for rhenium contains one symbol: Re. So, rhenium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, rhenium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for bromomethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Br for bromine. So, bromomethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, bromomethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound, not an elementary substance.\n The answer is C.", "14462": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.\nSOLUTION: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.\n The answer is A.", "14467": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "14482": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nDes Moines has cold winters and warm summers.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Des Moines. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "14484": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Springfield is the capital of Illinois.\n The answer is C.", "14489": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Bradypus variegatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nBradypus variegatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that brown-throated sloth is the common name.\n The answer is B.", "14492": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "14498": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Maggie's work is low quality because her friend's work is low quality. However, the work of Maggie's friend does not necessarily reflect the quality of Maggie's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is C.", "14502": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nDeath is a direct address to death, a nonhuman entity.\n The answer is B.", "14504": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The balloon is not sour.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. Both objects are stretchy.\nThe property that both objects have in common is stretchy.\n The answer is B.", "14505": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.\nSOLUTION: This organism's scientific name refers to David Bowie.\nThe word davidbowie refers to David Bowie. So, this huntsman spider's scientific name is Heteropoda davidbowie.\n The answer is A.", "14506": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Cody is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\n The answer is B.", "14507": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a yellow ground spot or a white ground spot, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ground spot color trait. The question tells you that the g allele, which is for a yellow ground spot, is dominant to the G allele, which is for a white ground spot.\nYellow is the dominant allele's version of the ground spot color trait. A watermelon plant with the dominant version of the ground spot color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ground spot color gene. So, offspring with a yellow ground spot must have the genotype gg or GG.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype gg or GG. These boxes are highlighted below.\nWhite is the recessive allele's version of the ground spot color trait. A watermelon plant with the recessive version of the ground spot color trait must have only recessive alleles for the ground spot color gene. So, offspring with a white ground spot must have the genotype gg or GG.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype gg or GG. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a yellow ground spot to offspring with a white ground spot is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with a yellow ground spot for every 2 offspring with a white ground spot.\n The answer is E.", "14512": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 20 millimeters.\n20 meters and 20 kilometers are both too long.\n The answer is C.", "14525": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince virus is between the guide words veil - vowel, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "14533": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is A.", "14537": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play the trumpet. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the trumpet is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "14539": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the egg carton.\nThe egg cartons are made of cardboard.\nCardboard is made from wood pulp. Cardboard is usually brown because wood pulp is brown.\n The answer is B.", "14541": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chip has one allele for straight fur (F) and one allele for wavy fur (f). So, Chip's genotype for the fur texture gene is Ff.\n The answer is A.", "14542": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne motorboat moved 245 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other motorboat moved 145 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 245 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is A.", "14545": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of an apple is 3 ounces.\n3 pounds and 3 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "14546": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the ptarmigan.\nDuring the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThis Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe echidna has long black hair covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is B.", "14547": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Jersey.\n The answer is A.", "14553": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nDestiny might go to the science museum with Bob, or she might go alone.\n The answer is B.", "14555": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Burnett is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "14556": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Kinsley doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kinsley doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "14563": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The slide and the golden nail are not rough.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The slide and the golden nail are not soft.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is B.", "14572": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "14578": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each gray whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne gray whale moved 40 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other gray whale moved 35 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each gray whale spent the same amount of time moving. The gray whale that moved 40 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that gray whale must have moved at a higher speed.\n The answer is B.", "14580": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 29 yards.\n29 inches and 29 feet are too short. 29 miles is too long.\n The answer is B.", "14588": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great blue heron's scientific name is Ardea herodias. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nPelecanus crispus is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus crispus and Ardea herodias are not in the same genus.\nArdea purpurea is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are in the same genus.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Ardea herodias are not in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "14593": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Isabella wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "14598": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "14602": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is C.", "14605": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you one reason people can't go to Mars.\nPeople can't make it to Mars yet. It takes too long to get there, and it's not an easy place to live. So, scientists sent a robot to look around Mars for them. The robot is named Curiosity. One of its jobs is to find out if anything can live on Mars.\n The answer is A.", "14607": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether sodium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium bromide, NaBr, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that sodium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium bromide is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "14610": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Hex Marks the Spot**.\n The answer is B.", "14620": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "14626": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "14627": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the steps.\nThe steps are made of two different materials. The treads are made of stone, and the risers are made of concrete.\n The answer is A.", "14637": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is A.", "14639": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Japanese honeysuckle's scientific name is Lonicera japonica. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera.\nUlex europaeus is in the genus Ulex. The first word of its scientific name is Ulex. So, Ulex europaeus and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.\nHyacinthus orientalis is in the genus Hyacinthus. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus. So, Hyacinthus orientalis and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.\nLonicera maackii is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera maackii and Lonicera japonica are in the same genus.\n The answer is B.", "14644": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The people push the car. The direction of the push is away from the people.\n The answer is A.", "14648": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the brown bear.\nThe brown bear has furry feet with large pads. Its feet are adapted to walk on snow and ice. The fur can help keep the brown bear's feet warm. The large pads help spread its weight over a larger area. This allows it to walk on ice without slipping and to walk on snow without sinking in too deep.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian lynx has furry feet with large pads. Its feet are adapted to walk on snow and ice.\nThe Suriname toad has webbed feet. Its feet are not adapted to walk on snow and ice. The Suriname toad uses its feet to swim.\n The answer is A.", "14651": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid waste is formed from the breakdown of nutrients in food that cannot be digested. Some solids, such as bones and teeth, are left over from food. Other solids, such as hair and nails, grow from the body.\nWaste that is made from food is called fecal matter. The word fecal comes from the Latin word faeces, which means \"excrement.\" Excrement is made of the remains of food, including bones and teeth.\nSOLUTION: The large intestine stores solid waste before it is released from the body. The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system. It takes in water and nutrients from the small intestine. These nutrients help the waste break down into a different type of matter. This matter is then released from the body through the anus.\n The answer is B.", "14664": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rick lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Rick lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "14666": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 48\u00b0C.\n48\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is A.", "14675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe car engine was a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and roar are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe car engine sounded like a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and roar are compared using the word like.\n The answer is A.", "14680": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nBaryte is a mineral.\nChocolate is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, chocolate is not a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "14692": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jane or Zoe.\nWhen Jane ran into Zoe at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nJane smiled and said hello when she ran into Zoe at the post office.\n The answer is B.", "14694": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is E.", "14699": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Our cabin has bunk beds and For the kids.\n The answer is B.", "14705": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\n The answer is A.", "14706": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the breed standard.\nWhen Roxanne researched Dachshunds, the breed standard said that they can be short-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired.\n The answer is A.", "14707": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nI pretend to be a knight, and Mary pretends to be an astronaut.\n The answer is A.", "14708": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the common swift.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common swift uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe European robin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe Australian pelican has a large pouch-like beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The Australian pelican uses its beak to catch fish.\n The answer is B.", "14719": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\nSOLUTION: A green sea turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nSea turtles live in the water, but they lay their eggs on land.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nAn elongated tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\nA manta ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nRays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances.\n The answer is D.", "14722": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas.\n The answer is A.", "14734": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (sorry), and uses more elevated language (my apologies). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\n The answer is A.", "14735": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken.\n The answer is B.", "14739": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\n The answer is A.", "14743": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is A.", "14746": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ace's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nAce's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\n The answer is A.", "14749": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\n The answer is B.", "14755": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "14759": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the three-toed sloth.\nThe three-toed sloth uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater.\n The answer is B.", "14764": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A and Solution B have the same number of blue particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.\n The answer is B.", "14766": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "14767": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: All the judges at the important meeting is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is A.", "14779": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is C.", "14785": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nSandeep wants broccoli. Tracy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "14787": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nEels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish!\nA horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nZebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.\n The answer is C.", "14789": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Riley wants or needs:\nRiley will give up the chance to look at the pine tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the roses.\n The answer is B.", "14800": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the leaf insect.\nThe leaf insect has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe emerald tree boa has bright green scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\nThe fox snake has black and tan bands running along its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\n The answer is B.", "14803": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Ava's observable version of the leg color trait is yellow legs. So, Ava's phenotype for the leg color trait is yellow legs.\n The answer is B.", "14808": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Troy must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Troy is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "14809": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Mona has actually been told this a million times.\n The answer is A.", "14811": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A cocoi heron's scientific name is Ardea cocoi.\nArdea goliath does not have the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, Ardea cocoi and Ardea goliath are not in the same species.\nTaricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, Ardea cocoi and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.\nArdea cocoi has the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is C.", "14814": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "14816": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "14818": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings.\n The answer is B.", "14824": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "14826": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Grenada.\n The answer is D.", "14831": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota.\n The answer is A.", "14840": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the star-nosed mole.\nThe star-nosed mole has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The star-nosed mole uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves.\n The answer is A.", "14841": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince castle is between the guide words class - curl, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "14846": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Arnold). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\n The answer is A.", "14857": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "14861": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is B.", "14862": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Cara's Internet connection.\n The answer is B.", "14865": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether hydrazine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of hydrazine is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that hydrazine is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and nitrogen. Since hydrazine is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, hydrazine is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "14874": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 320 milliliters.\n320 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "14881": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4\n The answer is B.", "14887": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a basketball is 20 ounces.\n20 pounds and 20 tons are both too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "14888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Australia or Asia.\n The answer is A.", "14889": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Hunter is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "14893": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince taught is between the guide words teeth - trousers, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "14896": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: A ruler is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nIf you put a ruler in a box, the ruler will keep its shape.\n The answer is C.", "14897": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is D.", "14898": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator has the traits of a reptile. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A green frog is an amphibian.\n The answer is B.", "14904": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\n The answer is A.", "14913": "Assistant: LECTURE: The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nOne type of convergent boundary is a continent-continent collision. This type of boundary forms when two plates with continental crust move toward each other. The collision compresses and folds the continental crust, forcing it upward to form a mountain range.\nSOLUTION: To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Western Alps, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nMillions of years ago, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate began to move toward each other, eventually colliding. This plate motion formed many mountain ranges, including the Western Alps. The Western Alps run through European countries, including France, Italy, and Switzerland.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Western Alps formed as the two plates collided, or ran into each other. For two plates to collide, they must be moving toward each other. So, the Western Alps formed at a convergent boundary.\n The answer is B.", "14919": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65\u00b0F glass of apple juice is hotter than the 40\u00b0F glass of apple juice, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "14927": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.\n The answer is B.", "14937": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the white-tailed eagle.\nThe white-tailed eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the white-tailed eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe brahminy kite has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey.\nThe dromedary camel has large pads on the bottoms of its feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The dromedary camel uses its feet to walk on sand.\n The answer is A.", "14941": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "14946": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Rodrigo was upset about staying home. Rodrigo was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\n The answer is A.", "14951": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Zoe is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "14957": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber band would stretch more. If you pull on a rubber band, it will get longer.\n The answer is A.", "14958": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Connecticut.\n The answer is B.", "14961": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "14971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.\n The answer is D.", "14976": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince old is between the guide words object - orchard, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "14985": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "14989": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of the Golden Gate Bridge is 2,750 meters.\n2,750 millimeters and 2,750 centimeters are too short. 2,750 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is A.", "14992": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Dogs on Duty**.\n The answer is A.", "15002": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether fixing a sink is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a sink something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a sink a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a sink is a service.\n The answer is B.", "15003": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "15024": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Arctic Ocean.\n The answer is C.", "15025": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Senator Logan hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Logan wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is A.", "15027": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Ernesto wanted broccoli in his lunch and Lucia was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nErnesto has tomatoes. Lucia has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "15044": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is C.", "15050": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature ferns use asexual reproduction to make spores. When the spore cases open, the spores are released.\nWhen a spore lands on the ground and germinates, it grows into a small heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns live in damp environments, and sperm can swim though small water drops. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm swims to an egg on the same heart-shaped plant. Cross-fertilization happens when the sperm swims to an egg on a nearby plant.\nFertilization happens when a sperm and an egg fuse. The fertilized egg germinates and grows into a mature fern.\nThe mature fern can make spores and begin the fern life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: A heart-shaped plant can produce spores. The heart-shaped plant grows from a spore.\nA mature fern does not produce spores. It produces heart-shaped plants from eggs.\n The answer is B.", "15066": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, signed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is C.", "15068": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe sea otter has an arrow pointing to it from the sea urchin. The sea urchin is not a producer. So, the sea otter is not a primary consumer.\nThe kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is not a primary consumer.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not a primary consumer.\nThe plainfin midshipman has an arrow pointing to it from the phytoplankton. The phytoplankton is a producer, so the plainfin midshipman is a primary consumer.\n The answer is C.", "15070": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the pea color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait must be yellow peas.\n The answer is A.", "15073": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nMadagascar's elephant bird laid eggs the size of American footballs.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about Madagascar's elephant bird.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nSettlers in Madagascar should have done more to protect the elephant bird, which became extinct in the 1600 s.\nMore shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what settlers should have done.\n The answer is B.", "15076": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "15080": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is A.", "15082": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chaos is between the guide words calves - cow, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "15086": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "15088": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cara wants or needs:\nCara will give up the chance to eat the strawberry cheesecake ice cream. She likes this flavor more than sweet cream.\n The answer is B.", "15094": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "15095": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Today, the United States often uses punishments that are expensive, cruel, or unusual. For example, the government might use punishments that are expensive, such as fines or lawsuits. Or, the government might use punishments that are cruel, such as torture or the death penalty. In the future, some punishments that are expensive, cruel, or unusual might be outlawed. The Eighth Amendment says that the government can never use punishments that are expensive, cruel, or unusual. The amendment says that the government must always treat its citizens with respect and care. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it mention any other punishments that are expensive, cruel, or unusual? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\n The answer is B.", "15105": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA gold bracelet is a solid. You can wrap a gold bracelet around your wrist. But the bracelet will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is A.", "15111": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.\n The answer is B.", "15115": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A handsaw is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nA handsaw is made of wood and metal. Both wood and metal are solids.\n The answer is B.", "15122": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Prince and the Surfer**.\n The answer is B.", "15125": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is B.", "15146": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids, it contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids. It contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla.\n The answer is B.", "15158": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nNolan wants broccoli. Dalton wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "15161": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is B.", "15171": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Lucia.\n The answer is C.", "15175": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the sea cucumber.\nThe only arrow pointing from the bat star leads to the kelp bass. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bat star to the sea cucumber.\nThe only arrow pointing from the phytoplankton leads to the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing from the zooplankton leads to the phytoplankton. No arrows point from the phytoplankton to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the sea cucumber.There is one path matter can take from the kelp bass to the sea cucumber: kelp bass->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the sea urchin to the sea cucumber: sea urchin->sea otter->orca->sea cucumber.\n The answer is C.", "15187": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is A.", "15189": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Jonah must be a poor lifeguard candidate because he drives an old car. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether he would be a good lifeguard. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "15190": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Samantha is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is A.", "15205": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The rubber stretch toy is not scratchy.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. Both objects are bendable.\nThe property that both objects have in common is bendable.\n The answer is B.", "15206": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 45. So, the temperature is 45\u00b0F.\n The answer is A.", "15216": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "15221": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nThere are four faces on Mount Rushmore.\nIt can be proved by visiting the Mount Rushmore website.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nMount Rushmore is too difficult to travel to.\nToo difficult shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how difficult is too difficult.\n The answer is B.", "15224": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "15229": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the white-breasted cormorant.\nThe white-breasted cormorant has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the white-breasted cormorant uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European river otter has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves.\n The answer is B.", "15230": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The cell wall is the outermost layer in a plant cell.\nThis statement is true. The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape.\n The answer is B.", "15235": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The belt is bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The belt is not bouncy.\n The answer is B.", "15241": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "15245": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is C.", "15253": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for phosphine contains two symbols: P for phosphorus and H for hydrogen. So, phosphine is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, phosphine is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for calcium contains one symbol: Ca. So, calcium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, calcium is an elementary substance.\n The answer is B.", "15256": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. Consumers cannot make their own food.\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the persimmon is a producer because it makes its own food. The persimmon uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make its own food.\n The answer is B.", "15259": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is A.", "15260": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that a lunch meat is nutritious because it has no additives. However, a lunch meat could still be nutritious even if it has additives. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\n The answer is A.", "15267": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nMore people visited Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2014 than visited Yosemite and Yellowstone combined.\nIt can be proved by researching the number of visitors to each park in 2014.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nGreat Smoky Mountains National Park is fantastic because it has 150 official hiking trails.\nFantastic shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a park fantastic.\n The answer is A.", "15272": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "15273": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is A.", "15274": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\n The answer is B.", "15277": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "15279": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is A.", "15280": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nA sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "15282": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 80\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "15288": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "15289": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "15290": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nLoons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nA Tasmanian devil is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nTasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials. They live on the island of Tasmania, near Australia.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\n The answer is D.", "15298": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince spent is between the guide words scan - swung, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "15303": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "15305": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nClare wants broccoli. Adele wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "15306": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "15327": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Cellular respiration is a chemical change. Cells use oxygen to break down sugar. Breaking the chemical bonds in sugar molecules releases energy that a cell can use.\n The answer is B.", "15335": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 30 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 25 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 30 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\n The answer is B.", "15359": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "15374": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Madison is the capital of Wisconsin.\n The answer is D.", "15382": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nIce melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But water boiling is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater boiling is caused by heating. It is not caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "15383": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the parakeet auklet.\nThe parakeet auklet has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the parakeet auklet uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe water rail has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe European beaver has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\n The answer is A.", "15385": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Denver is the capital of Colorado.\n The answer is C.", "15403": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince credit is between the guide words cove - cylinder, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "15406": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,250 kilometers.\n2,250 centimeters and 2,250 meters are both too short.\n The answer is C.", "15407": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doctor is between the guide words dessert - dust, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "15415": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "15422": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is D.", "15429": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is D.", "15441": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is C.", "15444": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.\nThe vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lama has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe red-shanked douc has four small hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The red-shanked douc uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is A.", "15445": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is E.", "15446": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The population of Fairview fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Fairview has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\n The answer is A.", "15450": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Will sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is C.", "15457": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles.\n The answer is C.", "15458": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is B.", "15461": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. Chang's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with her scooter.\nWhen Emma parked her scooter next to Mr. Chang's car, she noticed that her scooter had a flat tire.\n The answer is B.", "15463": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is C.", "15475": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\n The answer is A.", "15478": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 25 centimeters.\n25 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is A.", "15486": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.\n The answer is A.", "15487": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is C.", "15488": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "15494": "Assistant: LECTURE: Animal cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in animal cells:\nMitochondria help the cell get the energy it needs. Mitochondria break down sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nAnimal cells also have organelles for storage and waste removal. The vacuoles store sugar and other nutrients. The lysosomes break down worn-out cell parts and other waste. Animal cells usually have several vacuoles and lysosomes.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell membrane is a thin layer that surrounds and protects the cell. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\nSOLUTION: Vacuoles fill most of the space inside animal cells. If an animal cell has many vacuoles, they will take up most of the space inside the cell.\n The answer is A.", "15497": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Stuart's genotype for the whisker type gene is hh. Stuart's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for curved whiskers. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Stuart's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nStuart's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers.\n The answer is A.", "15506": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Mabel is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is A.", "15512": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the body hair trait is a hairy body. So, Remy's phenotype for the body hair trait is a hairy body.\n The answer is B.", "15516": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Salt Point State Park have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "15524": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is D.", "15525": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nAngry swells suggests that the sea was fierce. The words swells and angry describe the sea as if it were a person who is upset.\n The answer is A.", "15528": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the painted turtle.\nThe painted turtle has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hard shell makes it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the painted turtle.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe nautilus has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.\nThe eastern rat snake has soft scales covering its skin. Its body is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.\n The answer is B.", "15530": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Stone Forest in southern China is a cluster of ancient limestone pillars.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the Stone Forest.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nOnly a fool would travel all the way to China to see rocks.\nFool shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes someone a fool.\n The answer is B.", "15534": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nEastern Colorado is part of the Great Plains. On October 19, 1988, a thunderstorm near the town of La Junta produced winds of 63 miles per hour.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed in Eastern Colorado on October 19, 1988. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "15541": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Samoa.\n The answer is D.", "15546": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nYou will attract more customers if you extend the sale through the weekend.\n The answer is A.", "15552": "Assistant: LECTURE: A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\nSOLUTION: Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to nitrous oxide in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that nitrous oxide forms when ammonium nitrate breaks down. Because nitrous oxide is produced by this chemical reaction, nitrous oxide is a product.\n The answer is B.", "15556": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 91\u00b0F crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "15560": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Santiago is a remarkable cellist because he plays the cello well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is B.", "15562": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Brian or his brother.\nBrian had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBrian's brother wasn't feeling well, so Brian had to stay home with him.\n The answer is A.", "15569": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nDhaka is the capital of Bangladesh, a country in southern Asia. The city is humid most days of the year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Dhaka. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "15573": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Jayla hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nJayla made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "15575": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\n The answer is B.", "15576": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "15585": "Assistant: LECTURE: In English, words are not capitalized unless they are important in a sentence. If a word is not important in a sentence, it should not be capitalized.\nImportant words are usually nouns, verbs, and adjectives. It is not important in a sentence to capitalize words that are not important.\nFor example, in the sentence \"I knocked on the door of the house,\" the word of is not important in the sentence. So, it should not be capitalized.\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the important words in a sentence. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Life of Pi.\n The answer is A.", "15591": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, Scarborough Marsh has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.\n The answer is A.", "15594": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTwo hemorrhages apiece is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Salinger's parents would actually have two hemorrhages each.\n The answer is B.", "15595": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\n The answer is B.", "15596": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the flamingo.\nLong legs help the flamingo keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe great egret has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe African fish eagle has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African fish eagle uses its legs to walk and perch.\n The answer is B.", "15601": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 8 pounds.\n8 ounces is too light and 8 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "15602": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nA hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is A.", "15606": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the text in bold below. It tells you why adult cats meow.\nWhile kittens meow to their mothers, they stop once they are old enough to take care of themselves. At that point, cats use smell, touch, and body language to talk to each other. So if adult cats aren't making noise for each other, why do cats meow? Cats meow to talk with their humans!\n The answer is C.", "15614": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (are about to, higher).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "15623": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Daphnia pulex is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.\n The answer is A.", "15627": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nStretchy is a property. The bubble gum is stretchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The bubble gum is not blue.\n The answer is B.", "15630": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.\n The answer is A.", "15632": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the jacket.\nThe jacket is made of clay.\nClay is a soft, flexible material. When clay dries out, it can become very hard.\n The answer is B.", "15636": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "15637": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Pennsylvania is farthest north.\n The answer is D.", "15642": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Solomon Islands.\n The answer is A.", "15645": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Solomon Islands.\n The answer is B.", "15646": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "15651": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **With an Open Heart**.\n The answer is B.", "15652": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "15658": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nI followed Vicky's recipe, but my chicken pot pie tasted nothing like hers.\n The answer is A.", "15662": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The theater is in column 4.\n The answer is B.", "15665": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nMy uncle just moved to Italy, so he will need to learn Italian.\n The answer is A.", "15668": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas), after one of Doris's colleagues was mugged, the Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas). They wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\n The answer is A.", "15670": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "15675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "15684": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is D.", "15696": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is D.", "15701": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is C.", "15702": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nHerculean alludes to Hercules, a Greek mythological character who was exceptionally strong.\n The answer is B.", "15705": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "15706": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: A T-shirt is a solid. You can fold a T-shirt. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is C.", "15710": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Casper's genotype for the Tobiano patterning gene is BB. Casper's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Tobiano patterning. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Casper's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Tobiano patterning (B) is dominant over the allele for not having Tobiano patterning (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nCasper's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning.\n The answer is B.", "15712": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nIn hot-air balloons, passengers ride in baskets.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about hot-air balloons.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nRiding in a hot-air balloon is more exciting than flying in a plane.\nMore exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which is more exciting.\n The answer is B.", "15718": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Devon is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "15725": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two cookies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder cookie has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "15737": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Clarence tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Clarence's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "15740": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince source is between the guide words shack - spade, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "15749": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Fiji.\n The answer is B.", "15763": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is B.", "15765": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.\n The answer is C.", "15767": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each bottle increased, which means that the thermal energy of each bottle increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each bottle.\n The answer is A.", "15772": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nShivani wants broccoli. Austin wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "15787": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "15790": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism gently loved means the items were not new. Gently loved is a nicer way of referring to used items.\n The answer is B.", "15791": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the European nightjar.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The European nightjar uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe sand martin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The hanging parrot uses its beak to eat fruit and seeds.\n The answer is B.", "15794": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "15799": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "15807": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nLoose matter such as sand is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "15810": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether iodine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the ball-and-stick model shown above, both of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that purple represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol I. So, the model shows you that a molecule of iodine is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that iodine is composed of only one chemical element. So, iodine is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "15813": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is D.", "15815": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is B.", "15821": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Mayor Stanley wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Stanley's argument. Mayor Stanley only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is B.", "15826": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nFair river is a direct address to the river, a nonhuman entity.\n The answer is A.", "15829": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words star and far rhyme. They both end with the ar sound.\nThe word her does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is B.", "15831": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles.\n The answer is A.", "15835": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "15841": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas.\n The answer is A.", "15850": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is B.", "15853": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jasper slept poorly. Jasper was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.\n The answer is B.", "15857": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "15858": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is D.", "15866": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The slippers are not hard.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The slippers are blue.\n The answer is A.", "15867": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different kinds of marsupials.\nFollow the lines and arrows to see what each kind of marsupial eats. Kangaroos eat grass. So, kangaroos are grass-eating marsupials.\n The answer is A.", "15872": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nThe right hemisphere of the human brain typically controls muscle movement on the left side of the body.\n The answer is C.", "15874": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But knitting yarn is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "15885": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The yarn pom pom and the stuffed dice are not transparent.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The yarn pom pom and the stuffed dice are not bouncy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue.\n The answer is B.", "15891": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs soft as concrete shows verbal irony because concrete is not soft.\n The answer is B.", "15900": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But breaking a ceramic plate is not.\n The answer is C.", "15902": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbia is the capital of South Carolina.\n The answer is C.", "15908": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.\nIn a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, \"In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,\" meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.\nThe allusion fifteen minutes means a temporary moment of celebrity status.\n The answer is B.", "15913": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nTrachyte is a rock.\nScoria is a rock.\nPlastic is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, plastic is not a rock.\n The answer is C.", "15917": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to an object's kinetic energy?\nFirst, identify the object's initial kinetic energy. Then, identify the object's final kinetic energy. The difference between these two types of energy is the object's changed kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The passage tells you that when Ellen started pedaling her bike, she began moving along the street. This means that Ellen's kinetic energy started moving. So, when Ellen started pedaling, her kinetic energy changed.\n The answer is A.", "15923": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Nebraska.\n The answer is A.", "15930": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince load is not between the guide words lent - livestock, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "15932": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, stirred. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is B.", "15934": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October has the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nMost other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than October.\nChoice \"Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\n The answer is C.", "15938": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "15943": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince aviator is between the guide words academy - apparent, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "15950": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSally is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n The answer is D.", "15956": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "15958": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rita started sledding. As Rita rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rita rode down the hill.\n The answer is A.", "15960": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "15967": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 115 milliliters.\n115 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "15971": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "15976": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Matthew sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is B.", "15978": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 385\u00b0F brick is colder than the 390\u00b0F brick, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "15981": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Springfield is the capital of Illinois.\n The answer is B.", "15983": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the legend.\nThe colonies are shaded by region, and the New England Colonies are all shaded the same color. They start at the top of the map and go all the way down to the coast.\n The answer is B.", "15984": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the plastic bucket is smoother. If you touch a plastic bucket, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\n The answer is A.", "16002": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "16004": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "16010": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "16011": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe insect fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil.\n The answer is B.", "16012": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.\n The answer is D.", "16015": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hole is not between the guide words hello - hire, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "16016": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nAbout half of the days each year are partly cloudy in Honolulu, Hawaii.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds in Honolulu. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "16025": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cockatoo is a bird. Like other birds, a cockatoo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cricket is an insect. Like other insects, a cricket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\n The answer is C.", "16026": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Arizona is farthest west.\n The answer is D.", "16027": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the definitions.\nPutting the definitions together, an independent city-state is a self-ruling city with its own government. So, a city-state rules itself and is not part of a larger country.\nThe ancient Greeks called a city-state a polis, which was the ancient Greek word for city. Today, the root word \"polis\" is in the name of many cities, such as Minneapolis in Minnesota or Annapolis in Maryland.\n The answer is B.", "16035": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: An arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nAn arrowhead is made of rock.\n The answer is A.", "16042": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is D.", "16045": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "16046": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "16048": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "16049": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The boy applies a force to the shopping cart to move it forward. The direction of this force is away from the boy. This force is a push.\n The answer is B.", "16050": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "16057": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person.\n The answer is A.", "16063": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "16067": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nKrysta wants broccoli. Malik wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "16069": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (gets, a lot).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "16106": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the Gobi Desert has long, cold winters. It also has a small amount of rain or snow.\n The answer is A.", "16113": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map of the Mongol Empire.\nThe map shows that the Mongol Empire controlled most of Asia. It also shows that the Mongol Empire reached into Eastern Europe.\n The answer is A.", "16115": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is C.", "16118": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is C.", "16119": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "16122": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince soil is between the guide words silver - strait, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "16126": "Assistant: SOLUTION: These are two ways in which fruit bats are different from most other animals:\nThey can communicate with each other about specific problems.\nThe first paragraph states that bats have special sounds for talking about specific issues.\nThey can communicate with many kinds of animals.\nThe first paragraph also states that bats are one of the few species that will direct calls to another individual.\nThese things are not stated in the text:\nThey can communicate with many kinds of animals.\nThey can understand some human speech.\n The answer is B.", "16127": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is D.", "16139": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Fowler is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\n The answer is A.", "16141": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is D.", "16145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east.\n The answer is A.", "16147": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "16156": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction when.\nDeion was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner.\n The answer is A.", "16162": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The towel is soft.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The towel is not bouncy.\n The answer is A.", "16169": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nStrix aluco is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix aluco and Strix nebulosa are in the same genus.\nCyanocitta stelleri is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\n The answer is B.", "16180": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "16182": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait. First, consider the alleles in Zuri's genotype for the coat pattern gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a spotted coat (A) is dominant over the allele for a black coat (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZuri's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\n The answer is A.", "16183": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the ginkgo leaf fossil.\n The answer is A.", "16186": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three oranges have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 68\u00b0F orange is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is C.", "16193": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a small beach bucket is 5 cups.\n5 fluid ounces is too little and 5 gallons is too much.\n The answer is A.", "16196": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the golden dart frog.\nThe golden dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the golden dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe sharpnose-puffer has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lichen katydid has green and white patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is B.", "16199": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "16203": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words fine and nine rhyme. They both end with the ine sound.\nThe word pail does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is A.", "16209": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\nSOLUTION: The sailboat is speeding up. So, the sailboat is accelerating.\n The answer is A.", "16213": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "16219": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nThe food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain:\nA primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain.\nA secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain.\nA tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain.\nA top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer!\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the katydid is a primary consumer because it eats a producer. The producer in this food chain is the green leaf.\n The answer is C.", "16221": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "16223": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is B.", "16235": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor Amanda felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Amanda had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Amanda's feelings.\n The answer is B.", "16240": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It uses a specific figure (more than 10% increase) and compares it to a metal (gold) and a food (sugar).\n The answer is B.", "16242": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Plagioclase has all the properties of a mineral. So, plagioclase is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "16243": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: An avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nAvocado trees can grow to over 100 feet tall!\nA cobra is an animal. It eats small animals.\nMost cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator.\n The answer is B.", "16245": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "16246": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Skip's phenotype for the horns trait. First, consider the alleles in Skip's genotype for the horns gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nSkip's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Skip's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\n The answer is A.", "16252": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Jaden can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jaden can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "16253": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\n The answer is B.", "16276": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "16279": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "16293": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "16297": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The Nile tilapia fish's genotype for the body color gene is bb. The Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a pink body. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the Nile tilapia fish's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a pink body (b) is recessive to the allele for a greenish-brown body (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nThe Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body.\n The answer is B.", "16301": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Daffodil's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Daffodil's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Daffodil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nDaffodil's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\n The answer is B.", "16304": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Eclogite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, eclogite is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "16315": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (invited to come).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "16319": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nIt was snowing in London on January 1, 1969.\nThis passage tells you about the snowfall in London on January 1, 1969. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "16325": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea color trait is green peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea color trait is green peas.\n The answer is A.", "16326": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\n The answer is B.", "16327": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Lucy Morton won the mayoral election in Allenville,\" Josh remarked to his sister.\n The answer is B.", "16338": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber balloons would stretch the most. If you pull on a rubber balloon, it will get longer.\n The answer is B.", "16339": "Assistant: LECTURE: Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to an object's energy?\nThere are many types of energy. One type is kinetic energy, which is the energy an object has when it is moving.\nIf an object's kinetic energy changes, the object's speed or direction may change.\nSOLUTION: Look at the passage. It tells you what happened to the train's kinetic energy.\nAt an amusement park, a group of riders boarded a roller coaster train and sat down.\nOnce everyone was safely in their seats, the ride operator flipped a switch, and electricity flowed to a motor below the track. The motor pulled the train forward and out of the station.\n The answer is B.", "16340": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Rick wanted broccoli in his lunch and Felix was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nRick has tomatoes. Felix has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is A.", "16347": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Blaze's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Blaze's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blaze's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nBlaze's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\n The answer is B.", "16348": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 35\u00b0F.\n35\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "16356": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "16366": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Eurasian spoonbill.\nLong legs help the Eurasian spoonbill keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe shoebill has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe satin bowerbird has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The satin bowerbird uses its legs to walk and perch.\n The answer is A.", "16372": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\n The answer is A.", "16374": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "16379": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.\n The answer is A.", "16380": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the door.\nThe door is made of two different materials. The door is made of wood, and the hinges are metal.\n The answer is B.", "16384": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nNick shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nNick shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "16387": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "16395": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Dalton either voted for Sofia or he hates her. However, Dalton could have voted for someone he considers a better candidate while still liking Sofia. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "16396": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Champlain Sandman\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nSOLUTION: This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nThe Sandman comes pattering across the Bay:\nHis hair is silver,\nOn his quick feet.\n The answer is B.", "16402": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince strife is between the guide words sold - swell, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "16410": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is C.", "16419": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "16421": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of the Amazon River is 4,000 miles.\n4,000 inches, 4,000 feet, and 4,000 yards are all too short.\n The answer is C.", "16422": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove is 10 minutes.\n10 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "16424": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "16432": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A greater flamingo is a bird. Like other birds, a greater flamingo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA moon jellyfish is a mammal. Like other mammals, a moon jellyfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is C.", "16434": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "16436": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the hat.\nThe hat is made of wool.\nWool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes.\n The answer is A.", "16437": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nThe Gullah Geechee Heritage Corridor, which stretches from the Cape Fear River in North Carolina to the St. John's River in Florida, was established by Congress to recognize and preserve the cultural and historical contributions of the descendants of the West African slaves brought to the United States around the 1700 s.\n The answer is A.", "16440": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Saturnalia is Roman history.\nThe Saturnalia were a series of annual festivals in ancient Rome that honored the god Saturn. The festivals were marked by feasting, gift-giving, and various forms of entertainment.\nThe allusion Saturnalia means a large social gathering.\n The answer is B.", "16444": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.\n The answer is B.", "16446": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "16456": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "16459": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is A.", "16469": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the underlined parts of the table.\nAll the words that use the root \"ante\" mean to come before something else. So, the root ante means \"before.\"\nAll the words that use the root \"bellum\" mean to fight or cause war.So, the root bellum means \"war.\"\nSo, the word \"antebellum\" means \"before the war.\" The antebellum period is named for the war that followed it: the Civil War.\n The answer is B.", "16470": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nCaprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. So, Caprimulgus europaeus and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nTyto alba and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tyto alba and Ardea alba have the same species name within their genus, alba. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tyto alba is in the genus Tyto, and Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea.\nThis organism and the great egret are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea alba.\n The answer is C.", "16471": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 45 milliliters.\n45 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "16476": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 285 milliliters.\n285 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "16477": "Assistant: LECTURE: The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\ndivergent plate boundary\nWhen plates at a divergent boundary move apart, cracks form in the crust along the boundary. Melted rock rises from below the crust to fill these cracks. As the melted rock cools and hardens, it becomes new oceanic crust.\nNewer oceanic crust weighs less than older oceanic crust. So, the crust on either side of the boundary rises up higher than the older crust that is farther from the boundary. This difference in elevation creates a mid-ocean ridge, or underwater mountain chain. Between the two plates, there may be a deep rift valley.\nSOLUTION: To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Thingvellir Rift Valley, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nIn Iceland, parts of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are above sea level. The Thingvellir Rift Valley is one example. This rift valley began to form as the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate moved away from each other. In this picture, you can see the gap that formed during a major plate movement along the rift. Gaps such as this form when the two plates move apart, creating a large crack in the crust. The last time this happened in the Thingvellir Rift Valley was in the spring of 1789. Since then, a walking path was built along the rift valley to allow park visitors to walk along the rift.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Thingvellir Rift Valley formed as the two plates moved away from each other, or diverged. So, the Thingvellir Rift Valley formed at a divergent boundary.\n The answer is A.", "16485": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "16493": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nSOLUTION: The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Nora's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\n The answer is A.", "16496": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince frame is between the guide words feast - foreign, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "16499": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words twin and reach rhyme. They both end with the inch sound.\nThe word beach does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is C.", "16501": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: A continuum scale compares things by ordering them along a line. This continuum scale compares the average weights of the eggs of several birds.\nEmus can't fly, but they can run very fast. They run to avoid predators.\nHummingbirds can fly. They can fly backwards and upside-down!\nAround 60 grams is lighter than around 600 grams. So, emu eggs are lighter than hummingbird eggs.\n The answer is A.", "16505": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Arctic fox.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is B.", "16506": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "16510": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The cactus and the sandpaper are hard, but the potato sack is not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The potato sack is flexible, but the cactus is not.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. All three objects are scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is scratchy.\n The answer is C.", "16522": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is A.", "16528": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens. The source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\n The answer is B.", "16534": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dylan needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\n The answer is A.", "16535": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "16536": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average temperature trends in Dubai, look at the graph.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in May, June, July, August, and September are all 30\u00b0C or higher. So, May through September have average temperatures of 30\u00b0C or higher.\n The answer is B.", "16542": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Christmas tree worm is a worm. Like other worms, a Christmas tree worm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA moon jellyfish is a jellyfish. Like other jellyfishes, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA bald eagle is a bird. Like other birds, a bald eagle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is D.", "16544": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 15 millimeters.\n15 centimeters, 15 meters, and 15 kilometers are all too long.\n The answer is A.", "16546": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "16557": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "16566": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 4 pounds.\n4 ounces is too light and 4 tons is too heavy.\n The answer is B.", "16574": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait. First, consider the alleles in Captain's genotype for the cheek color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nCaptain's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait must be bright orange cheeks.\n The answer is A.", "16578": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 65 fluid ounces.\n65 cups and 65 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is B.", "16580": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Shane wants or needs:\nShane will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than he would have spent on the Ferris wheel.\n The answer is A.", "16581": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 460 grams.\n460 kilograms is too heavy.\n The answer is A.", "16585": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.\n The answer is D.", "16586": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: The population of Milford fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Milford has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\n The answer is B.", "16592": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "16593": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is B.", "16595": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the fern fossil.\n The answer is B.", "16599": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "16601": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater.\n The answer is B.", "16606": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A reticulated python's scientific name is Python reticulatus.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species.\nPython reticulatus has the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nMorelia viridis does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Morelia viridis are not in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "16608": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\n The answer is B.", "16610": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The slide and the shoe are not fuzzy.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is B.", "16622": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Pepe's genotype for the ear type gene is EE. Pepe's genotype of EE has only E allelles. The E allele is for normal ears. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Pepe's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dumbo ears (e) is recessive to the allele for normal ears (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nPepe's genotype of EE has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears.\n The answer is B.", "16623": "Assistant:\n The answer is B.", "16626": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play the viola. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the viola is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "16629": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, and the particles in both samples have the same average speed. So, the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy.\nBecause the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy, the samples must have the same temperature.\n The answer is B.", "16630": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince postage is between the guide words pave - primary, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "16639": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Honey's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Honey's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\n The answer is B.", "16642": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of cough syrup is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is B.", "16649": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flopsy's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Flopsy's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\n The answer is B.", "16651": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "16658": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the turkey vulture.\nThe turkey vulture has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sharp hook can help the turkey vulture cut the meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe bateleur has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe roseate spoonbill has a long spoon-shaped beak. Its beak is not adapted to tear through meat. The roseate spoonbill uses its beak to filter through mud for invertebrates and small fish.\n The answer is A.", "16659": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the antenna type trait is mutated antennae. So, the fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait is mutated antennae.\n The answer is B.", "16660": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 26\u00b0C glass of orange juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "16662": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Scylla and Charybdis is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Scylla and Charybdis were two sea monsters located on either side of a narrow strait in the Mediterranean Sea.\nThe allusion Scylla and Charybdis means a pair of distasteful alternatives.\n The answer is B.", "16665": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow has a backbone.\n The answer is A.", "16673": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\n The answer is B.", "16678": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years is a chemical change. The bone gets a new type of matter in it. This matter is in the process of becoming rock.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "16680": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is A.", "16683": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "16685": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\n The answer is B.", "16689": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "16693": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making.\n The answer is A.", "16695": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **What Love Is For**.\n The answer is B.", "16699": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the kelp.\nThere are two arrows pointing to the plainfin midshipman. These start from the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. No arrow points to the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the plainfin midshipman.\nThe only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. No arrow points to the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the zooplankton.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the sea cucumber: kelp->sea urchin->sea otter->orca->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the zooplankton: kelp->zooplankton.\n The answer is B.", "16708": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Tonga.\n The answer is B.", "16720": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is C.", "16723": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether oxygen is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of oxygen is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that oxygen is composed of only one chemical element. So, oxygen is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "16725": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is D.", "16727": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 43\u00b0F.\n43\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is B.", "16728": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: She sings our favorite song, we clap for her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: She sings our favorite song and We clap for her.\n The answer is B.", "16731": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "16733": "Assistant: LECTURE: Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\nSOLUTION: A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA hippopotamus is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.\n The answer is B.", "16737": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Megan Williamson won the mayoral election in Belmont,\" Eddie remarked to his sister.\n The answer is A.", "16738": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Carey and Wyatt.\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Wyatt suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Carey asked him if he was OK, and Wyatt said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Wyatt finally returned. Coach Carey said he was glad Wyatt was back, and Wyatt said he was happy and relieved.\n The answer is A.", "16744": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Jersey.\n The answer is C.", "16746": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe feather fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the palm leaf fossil. So, the feather fossil is most likely younger than the palm leaf fossil.\n The answer is B.", "16751": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is A.", "16754": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is C.", "16756": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\n The answer is A.", "16762": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.\n The answer is A.", "16772": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Nutmeg's observable version of the fur color trait is dark fur. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait is dark fur.\n The answer is A.", "16773": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Washington.\n The answer is B.", "16777": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (to die for).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "16784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "16788": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\nSOLUTION: Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton head band would stretch the most. If you pull the ends of a cotton headband, it will get longer.\n The answer is C.", "16797": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "16802": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\nSOLUTION: The bowl is remaining motionless. So, the bowl has a constant velocity.\n The answer is B.", "16806": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 31 inches.\n31 feet, 31 yards, and 31 miles are all too long.\n The answer is A.", "16810": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\n The answer is A.", "16811": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "16812": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has one allele for red eyes (E) and one allele for brown eyes (e). So, the fly's genotype for the eye color gene is Ee.\n The answer is A.", "16816": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "16818": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that if Kira doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kira wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "16822": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a bench is 10 feet.\n10 yards is too long.\n The answer is A.", "16824": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nMobile, Alabama, had high humidity over the weekend.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity in Mobile over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "16827": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRon\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "16836": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Fairfax. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is A.", "16837": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "16840": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: The pea plant's genotype for the pod color gene is DD. The pea plant's genotype of DD has only D allelles. The D allele is for green pods. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow pods (d) is recessive to the allele for green pods (D). This means D is a dominant allele, and d is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of DD has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods.\n The answer is B.", "16841": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: There are seven continents on earth, South America is one of them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: There are seven continents on earth and South America is one of them.\n The answer is A.", "16852": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Gives the baby a bath is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is A.", "16854": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nTyto alba and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tyto alba and Ardea alba have the same species name within their genus, alba. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tyto alba is in the genus Tyto, and Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea.\nDiodon nicthemerus is in the genus Diodon. The first word of its scientific name is Diodon. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the great egret are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea alba.\n The answer is A.", "16855": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether silver is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silver contains one atomic symbol: Ag. So, the formula tells you that silver is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince silver is composed of only one chemical element, silver is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "16861": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nTinkle, tinkle, tinkle represents the sound of bells.\n The answer is B.", "16868": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Maryland.\n The answer is B.", "16873": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Vijay wants or needs:\nVijay will spend more time making the vegetable soup than he would have spent making the egg drop soup.\n The answer is A.", "16878": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "16879": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salem is the capital of Oregon.\n The answer is A.", "16881": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Joey wanted broccoli in his lunch and Darell was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJoey has tomatoes. Darell has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "16883": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south.\n The answer is A.", "16886": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Ringo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Ringo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\n The answer is B.", "16903": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal is colder than the 40\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "16917": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism between jobs means that Ava is unemployed.\n The answer is B.", "16930": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Ken or his brother.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Ken's.\nDid Ken and his brother look through the user manual before trying to fix Ken's computer?\n The answer is A.", "16932": "Assistant: LECTURE: Flowering plants, called angiosperms, use their flowers for sexual reproduction.\nFlowers can have male parts, female parts, or both! The male part is called the stamen, and the female part is called the pistil.\nBoth the male and female parts are needed for sexual reproduction. The female part produces eggs, and the male part produces pollen. Pollen contains cells that become sperm.\nPollination happens when pollen lands on top of the pistil. Self-pollination happens when a plant with both male and female parts pollinates itself. Cross-pollination happens when pollen from one plant lands on the pistil of a flower on a different plant. Animals, including birds and insects, can be pollinators. Many pollinators come to flowers to get food. As a pollinator feeds, it moves pollen from one flower to another.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen fuse with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs then grow into seeds. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow flowers and begin the angiosperm plant life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: Sperm cells are found inside pollen. What kind of cells are sperm?\nSperm cells are male cells. They contain cells that become sperm.\n The answer is B.", "16935": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The pineapple is not translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The pineapple is colorful.\n The answer is B.", "16936": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (pulling teeth).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "16939": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: You need to determine Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Chance's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the allele for soft fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChance's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be rough fur.\n The answer is B.", "16947": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "16951": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n The answer is A.", "16967": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Harper wants or needs:\nHarper will spend more time walking to the grizzly bears. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gorillas are close by.\n The answer is A.", "16977": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDad remembered to buy groceries, but he forgot the grape jelly.\n The answer is A.", "16986": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there were too many copies of the game for sale. There were 100 copies for sale, but only 150 people wanted to buy a copy of the game.\nSo, there was a surplus of videogames. The store will not get any money for the leftover copies of the game.\n The answer is A.", "16992": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSOLUTION: A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPorcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators.\nAn anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nAn anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\n The answer is D.", "16995": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nBridgeport, Connecticut, had cool temperatures over the weekend.\nThis passage tells you about the temperatures in Bridgeport over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "16996": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou will be forced to like what you get at first appears to be contradictory, as forcing someone to like something is not likely to be successful. However, it contains some truth: if you get something you do not like, you may eventually come to like it.\n The answer is B.", "17004": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is C.", "17014": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a car is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long.\n The answer is D.", "17015": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "17017": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pinch is between the guide words pasture - polish, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "17039": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ceramic mug is fragile, but the other objects are not.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The power pot is hard, but the other objects are not.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All four objects are rough.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is rough.\n The answer is B.", "17042": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Michelle blows big bubbles, Victor pops them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Michelle blows big bubbles and Victor pops them.\n The answer is A.", "17044": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nSOLUTION: This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nI see them in Asia and in Africa.\n The answer is A.", "17045": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the gray heron.\nLong legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe demoiselle crane has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe African penguin has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African penguin uses its legs to walk and swim.\n The answer is A.", "17048": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction which.\nThe platypus has venom-producing glands, which are rare among mammals, but its venom is not generally lethal to humans.\n The answer is C.", "17052": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is B.", "17055": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is C.", "17056": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, visit. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is A.", "17061": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making.\n The answer is B.", "17069": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Elijah's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is mm. Elijah's genotype of mm has only m alleles. The m allele is for not having Thomsen disease. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Elijah's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Thomsen disease (M) is dominant over the allele for not having Thomsen disease (m). This means M is a dominant allele, and m is a recessive allele.\nElijah's genotype of mm has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease.\n The answer is B.", "17070": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nSan Francisco is located on the coast of California. On December 30, 1856, the temperature fell to 36\u00b0F.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in San Francisco on December 30, 1856. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "17078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\n The answer is B.", "17085": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is A.", "17096": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is D.", "17098": "Assistant: LECTURE: One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The girl pushes the pi\u00f1ata away from herself. So, the pi\u00f1ata swings. The direction of the push is away from the stick.\n The answer is B.", "17100": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Would I Let My Son Play Football?\"\n The answer is B.", "17103": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Cyanocitta stelleri are in the same genus.\nLarus livens is in the genus Larus. The first word of its scientific name is Larus. So, Larus livens and Cyanocitta stelleri are not in the same genus.\nLarus michahellis is in the genus Larus. The first word of its scientific name is Larus. So, Larus michahellis and Cyanocitta stelleri are not in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "17106": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fabulous is between the guide words feather - fling, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "17110": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Champ has two alleles for a red coat (l). So, Champ's genotype for the coat color gene is ll.\n The answer is A.", "17115": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\nSOLUTION: The antelope is speeding up. So, the antelope is accelerating.\n The answer is B.", "17119": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 7 feet.\n7 inches is too short. 7 yards and 7 miles are too long.\n The answer is C.", "17125": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nLing wants broccoli. Maria wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is B.", "17135": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 458\u00b0F brick is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "17136": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nVoss is a city in Norway. One winter, the snow there was two meters deep!\nThis passage tells you about the snow in Voss in a certain winter. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "17140": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Gordian knot is ancient legend.\nAccording to legend, Alexander the Great used his sword to slash an intricate knot by which a chariot was tied to a pole in the city of Gordium.\nThe allusion Gordian knot means a highly complex problem.\n The answer is B.", "17153": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDillon liked the sea otters, but the jellyfish were his favorite.\n The answer is A.", "17155": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "17156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "17171": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "17176": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Newport. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is B.", "17178": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "17183": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "17189": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "17204": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is B.", "17206": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Myrmarachne maxillosa is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus.\n The answer is A.", "17209": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "17211": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "17214": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A book is made of paper.\nA book tells a story.\nA teacher may read a book out loud.\n The answer is B.", "17215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\nSOLUTION: Baking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\n The answer is B.", "17218": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nSummer is usually the hottest time of the year in Des Moines, Iowa.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Des Moines. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "17219": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "17222": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Paper does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, paper is not a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "17226": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne car moved 170 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other car moved 445 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each car spent the same amount of time moving. The car that moved 170 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is B.", "17227": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince suitcase is not between the guide words salute - squirrel, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "17228": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each greenhouse increased, which means that the thermal energy of each greenhouse increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each greenhouse.\n The answer is B.", "17233": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two pots of spaghetti sauce are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the pot of spaghetti sauce with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "17250": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Coach Sharma talked to her team before the game is a complete sentence. The subject is Coach Sharma, and the verb is talked.\n The answer is B.", "17254": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest east.\n The answer is D.", "17258": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the American badger.\nThe American badger has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The American badger uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe bottlenose dolphin has flippers for feet. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The bottlenose dolphin uses its flippers to swim.\n The answer is A.", "17267": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hot is between the guide words herring - hue, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "17268": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "17269": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth changed.\nThe flat ground is lower than the point where the skydiver opened her parachute. As she drifted toward the flat ground, the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the skydiver and Earth decreased as she drifted toward the flat ground.\n The answer is B.", "17273": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "17278": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, shoveled. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is C.", "17285": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Good Samaritan is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a Good Samaritan stops to help a stranger who has been beaten and left lying in the road.\nThe allusion Good Samaritan means a person who helps someone in need.\n The answer is A.", "17295": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is C.", "17296": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 3 milliliters.\n3 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "17304": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Rust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\n The answer is A.", "17317": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system. Also known as Global Positioning System.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that can tell you where you are. It's also known as Global Positioning System.\n The answer is B.", "17319": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.\n The answer is B.", "17324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest west.\n The answer is A.", "17328": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is C.", "17329": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA sunflower seed is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a sunflower seed is not a rock.\nGabbro is a rock.\nGneiss is a rock.\n The answer is A.", "17339": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A magpie goose is a bird. Like other birds, a magpie goose is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA domestic pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a leaf-tailed gecko is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is B.", "17343": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Dylan, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Dylan down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Dylan up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Dylan.\n The answer is A.", "17351": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nWhich U.S. cities are doing the most to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? Tonight's news report has the details.\n The answer is B.", "17354": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Mia has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\n The answer is B.", "17366": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "17372": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nBaja California is a state in Mexico. It was not raining anywhere in the state during the first week of February.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the lack of precipitation in Baja California during the first week of February. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "17380": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, stay. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is B.", "17385": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is A.", "17387": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Vermont.\n The answer is A.", "17390": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nMalachite is a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nWool is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, wool is not a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "17391": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: A can of soda fizzing over is a chemical change. When the can of soda is opened, the pressure in the can changes. This causes the type of matter in the can to change. The soda fizzes and turns into a different type of matter.\n The answer is A.", "17398": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Albany is the capital of New York.\n The answer is B.", "17400": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is D.", "17406": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is C.", "17408": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "17422": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 15 milliliters.\n15 liters is too much.\n The answer is A.", "17424": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the client is innocent because she has not done anything wrong. However, the fact that the client has not done anything wrong is not necessarily evidence that she is innocent. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "17425": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is C.", "17430": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\n The answer is B.", "17431": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is B.", "17435": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. Over millions of years, heat and pressure from the earth's crust can break the chemical bonds in the molecules of the dinosaur's remains.\nThe broken bonds form different molecules that make up a rock. The rock is a different type of matter than the dinosaur bone.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "17436": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clutch is between the guide words casual - coffee, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "17438": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "17439": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nDie of boredom is an exaggeration, since the movie is unlikely to actually cause the speaker to die.\n The answer is B.", "17441": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two drops of dish soap are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of dish soap has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "17459": "Assistant: LECTURE: Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\nSOLUTION: A nosy person has a more negative connotation. Nosy and interested both denote taking an interest in something. However, nosy suggests a person is too interested in something, perhaps in a way that is none of their business.\n The answer is A.", "17464": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.\n The answer is C.", "17485": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A Burmese python's scientific name is Python bivittatus. The first word of its scientific name is Python.\nLithobates palustris is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates palustris and Python bivittatus are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the Burmese python are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Python bivittatus.\nMelanoplus bivittatus and Python bivittatus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Melanoplus bivittatus and Python bivittatus have the same species name within their genus, bivittatus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Melanoplus bivittatus is in the genus Melanoplus, and Python bivittatus is in the genus Python.\n The answer is C.", "17488": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 54,500 billion km^3. So, Neptune's volume is more than 50 times as great as that of Earth.\n The answer is A.", "17493": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters.\nChoice 1 is a cold desert ecosystem. It is dry and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a hot desert ecosystem. It is dry and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 3 is a temperate deciduous forest ecosystem. It has warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters.\n The answer is A.", "17496": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "17500": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "17501": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is South Carolina.\n The answer is B.", "17503": "Assistant: LECTURE: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.\nThe map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg.\nSOLUTION: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 18 and 24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.\n21 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.\n12 and 14 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.\n The answer is C.", "17508": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with climbing growth or bush growth, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the growth pattern trait. The question tells you that the g allele, which is for bush growth, is recessive to the G allele, which is for climbing growth.\nClimbing growth is the dominant allele's version of the growth pattern trait. A rose plant with the dominant version of the growth pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the growth pattern gene. So, offspring with climbing growth must have the genotype GG or Gg.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype GG or Gg.\nBush growth is the recessive allele's version of the growth pattern trait. A rose plant with the recessive version of the growth pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the growth pattern gene. So, offspring with bush growth must have the genotype gg.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype gg.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with climbing growth to offspring with bush growth is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with climbing growth. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with bush growth.\n The answer is E.", "17514": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is B.", "17515": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nLatrell lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Latrell lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "17517": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 3 tons.\n3 ounces and 3 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is B.", "17523": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statements describe the Kaeng Krachan National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It has many different types of organisms. The following statement does not describe Kaeng Krachan National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has mostly small plants.\n The answer is A.", "17534": "Assistant:\n The answer is D.", "17537": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Gymnothorax funebris is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nGymnothorax funebris is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that green moray eel is the common name.\n The answer is B.", "17543": "Assistant: LECTURE: The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury\nSOLUTION: The ad appeals to logos, or reason, by citing data that proves the car's fuel efficiency.\n The answer is C.", "17553": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.\n The answer is D.", "17555": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\n The answer is A.", "17556": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create disorienting spirals so intense that they caused some viewers to become nauseous just from looking at them.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create nauseous spirals that forced many viewers to look away after only a few minutes.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "17558": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Kiera's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Kiera is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nKiera's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Springtown Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "17559": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Bonnie's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\n The answer is A.", "17565": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance zirconium.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether gold is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that yellow represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Au. So, the model shows you that gold is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that gold is composed of only one chemical element. So, gold is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "17568": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nSOLUTION: This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nIf I could but remember;\nIf I could hear, lost love of mine,\nThe music of your cruelties.\n The answer is A.", "17570": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThe summers are hot in Kissimmee, Florida.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Kissimmee. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "17577": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\n The answer is B.", "17578": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the fur length trait is short fur. So, Remy's phenotype for the fur length trait is short fur.\n The answer is B.", "17595": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Tiny has two alleles for red eyes (e). So, Tiny's genotype for the eye color gene is ee.\n The answer is B.", "17599": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nBill went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\n The answer is A.", "17600": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 48\u00b0C pie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is C.", "17601": "Assistant: LECTURE: Moss plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMoss plants use their male and female parts for sexual reproduction. The male parts produce sperm. Moss live in damp environments, and moss sperm can travel through water to the female parts.\nThe sperm fuse with eggs in the female part. This is called fertilization. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm from a moss plant fertilizes an egg from the same plant. Cross-fertilization happens when a sperm from one moss plant fertilizes an egg from a different moss plant.\nThe fertilized egg grows into a thin brown stalk on top of the female part. Each stalk has a small spore capsule at the top. Moss plants use asexual reproduction to make small spores in the capsules. When the capsules open, the spores are released.\nWhen the spores land on the ground, they may germinate and grow into a new moss plant. This new moss plant can produce eggs and sperm and begin the moss life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: A sperm and an egg can fuse to form a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg can then grow into a thin brown stalk on top of the female part of the parent moss plant.\n The answer is B.", "17607": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "17609": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Nauru.\n The answer is A.", "17611": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But melting wax is not.\n The answer is D.", "17613": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "17617": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "17622": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a car key is 3 inches.\n3 feet, 3 yards, and 3 miles are all too long.\n The answer is B.", "17637": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is B.", "17646": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nThe magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilacs would have used up.\n The answer is B.", "17652": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, the fly's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes.\n The answer is B.", "17654": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is A.", "17658": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "17665": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "17667": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is C.", "17668": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is D.", "17672": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "17679": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "17686": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The Third Amendment says that the government can't force people to keep soldiers in their houses during a time of peace. The amendment says that no soldier shall be \"quartered in any house.\" In this case, \"quartered\" means \"given a place to stay.\" The complete text of the Third Amendment is below. Are there any times when an American might have to let a soldier stay in his or her house? No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.\n The answer is B.", "17687": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nShrank just a bit is an understatement, since the baby is presumably much smaller than Justine.\n The answer is A.", "17688": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Snowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\n The answer is A.", "17689": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is D.", "17692": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is A.", "17693": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance zirconium.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether silver is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that dark blue represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ag. So, the model shows you that silver is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that silver is composed of only one chemical element. So, silver is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "17695": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the encyclopedia.\nThe encyclopedia says that chalk is a soft sedimentary rock formed from the skeletons of marine plankton.\n The answer is B.", "17696": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the customer service representatives.\nRobert showed the customer service representatives the error on his receipt, and he received a refund.\n The answer is A.", "17698": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table.\nThe abbreviation \"ca.\" stands for the Latin word, circa. Circa means \"about.\" It indicates when a date is estimated. So, around 1792 BCE, the Babylonian Empire started controlling Mesopotamia.\nThe Babylonian (ba-bih-LOH-nee-in) Empire came after the Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian empires. The capital of the Babylonian Empire was the city of Babylon (BA-bih-lahn).\n The answer is C.", "17703": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Laura is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is A.", "17707": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Atlantic puffin.\nThe Atlantic puffin has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Atlantic puffin uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe California gull has small claws and webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe African crowned eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The African crowned eagle uses its feet to grab prey.\n The answer is B.", "17713": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Asia.\n The answer is A.", "17721": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\n The answer is A.", "17723": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "17726": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Bert borrowed my book he enjoyed it is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Bert borrowed my book and He enjoyed it.\n The answer is B.", "17727": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "17752": "Assistant: LECTURE: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\nSOLUTION: This sentence uses a simile:\nHakim's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nHakim's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as.\n The answer is B.", "17753": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: A dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years is a chemical change. Heat and pressure over a long period of time can break the chemical bonds in the molecules of the dinosaur bone.\nWhen this happens, a new rock is formed. The rock is made up of different molecules that were not in the dinosaur bone.\n The answer is A.", "17754": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dave needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\n The answer is B.", "17757": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Fred or Paul.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Fred.\nFred's brother Paul wondered whether Fred ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\n The answer is B.", "17763": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nSOLUTION: The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like a pair of cymbals suggests that Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips. A pair of cymbals can make a loud clanging sound when they are closed.\n The answer is A.", "17780": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\n The answer is B.", "17784": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "17785": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSOLUTION: A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nLoons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\n The answer is C.", "17790": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is A.", "17793": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\n The answer is A.", "17797": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether sodium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium chloride, NaCl, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that sodium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium chloride is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "17800": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tyler wants or needs:\nTyler will give up the chance to go to Alabama. He would have enjoyed a trip to Alabama more than Arkansas.\n The answer is B.", "17810": "Assistant:\n The answer is A.", "17818": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nEdmond perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nEdmond perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "17819": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gymnosperms are plants that have seeds but not flowers. Conifers are a type of a gymnosperm. Instead of flowers, conifers have cones. Conifers use their cones for sexual reproduction.\nMost conifer trees have both male and female cones. The male cones produce pollen. The female cones produce eggs and a sticky substance on the edge of the cone.\nMale cones release pollen into the wind. Pollination happens when pollen lands on and sticks to the female cones. Self-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on the same tree. Cross-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on a different tree.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen fuse with eggs at the base of the female cone's scales. This is called fertilization.\nThe fertilized eggs grow into seeds inside the female cone. Conifer seeds are released from the fertilized cones. Many conifer seeds have wing-like structures. They can be carried long distances by the wind. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow cones and begin the conifer life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: A fertilized cone grows seeds. Seeds grow from the eggs that were fertilized by the pollen.\nPollen grows on the male cones of the pine tree.\n The answer is B.", "17829": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The wet ice cube, the milkshake, and the tape are not slippery.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The wet ice cube and the milkshake are not stretchy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All four objects are sticky.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sticky.\n The answer is A.", "17830": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nMandy wants broccoli. Troy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "17832": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pack. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is A.", "17833": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food.\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the California sea slug is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The California sea slug in this food chain eats the California kelp.\n The answer is A.", "17841": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is not between the guide words bark - belief, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "17845": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nNovember, December, and January each have over 200 millimeters of precipitation.\n The answer is C.", "17846": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Lucia investigated whether covering side mirrors with plastic bags affects how much ice forms on the mirrors. The uncovered side mirrors did not get bags. So, they were part of a control group.\n The answer is A.", "17857": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "17860": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Dwayne is overweight.\n The answer is B.", "17867": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Peterson is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "17882": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thirteen is between the guide words tease - tomb, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "17887": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\n The answer is A.", "17899": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tessa had just been speaking about Patrick. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.\n The answer is B.", "17901": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "17903": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "17907": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is D.", "17908": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe palm leaf fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the wood fossil. So, the palm leaf fossil is most likely older than the wood fossil.\n The answer is B.", "17912": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: A stuffed hippo is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen you hold a stuffed hippo in your hands, the stuffed hippo still has a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is C.", "17918": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the Great Victoria Desert has a small amount of rain. It also has dry, thin soil.\n The answer is B.", "17929": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.\n The answer is C.", "17930": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Plagioclase has all the properties of a mineral. So, plagioclase is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "17936": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The glass is fragile.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The glass is not soft.\n The answer is B.", "17937": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Joyce's snoring.\n The answer is A.", "17943": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion nutshell is literature.\nIn a nutshell means in a few words.\n The answer is A.", "17952": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\nSOLUTION: Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for krypton contains one symbol: Kr. So, krypton is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, krypton is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for potassium nitrate contains three symbols: K for potassium, N for nitrogen, and O for oxygen. So, potassium nitrate is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, potassium nitrate is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide contains two symbols: S for sulfur and O for oxygen. So, sulfur dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, sulfur dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "17960": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 22 tons.\n22 ounces and 22 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is B.", "17969": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nPedro custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oakdale.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Pedro's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nPedro bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oakdale.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "17970": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The popcorn is bumpy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The popcorn is not sour.\n The answer is B.", "17976": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a blender is 1 liter.\n1 milliliter is too little.\n The answer is A.", "17977": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.\nIt can be proved by checking a map of the United States.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming.\nPrettiest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about where the prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are.\n The answer is A.", "17979": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is A.", "17985": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Rose wants or needs:\nRose will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\n The answer is A.", "17988": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Colorado.\n The answer is C.", "17990": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bruce wants or needs:\nBruce will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. He thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than banana muffins.\n The answer is A.", "17992": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nPedro wants broccoli. Oliver wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "17994": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Arctic fox.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe naked mole rat has thin pink skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\n The answer is B.", "17995": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the park rangers.\nThe park rangers explained to the audience that a muskrat looks like a small beaver with a rat-like tail.\n The answer is B.", "18003": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Mayor Armstrong wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Armstrong's argument. Mayor Armstrong only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\n The answer is B.", "18010": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boise is the capital of Idaho.\n The answer is D.", "18019": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince volley is between the guide words vain - violet, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "18021": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is C.", "18029": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "18030": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.\n The answer is C.", "18036": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But crushing a mineral into powder is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is A.", "18045": "Assistant: LECTURE: Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\nSOLUTION: A Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nRattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey.\nAn ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nRabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren.\nAn American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\n The answer is A.", "18048": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the European mole.\nThe European mole has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The European mole uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves.\n The answer is B.", "18053": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "18055": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the strawberry poison frog.\nThe strawberry poison frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the strawberry poison frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Spanish shawl nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe gray tree frog has gray-brown skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.\n The answer is B.", "18064": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania.\n The answer is C.", "18068": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince compose is between the guide words cash - crayon, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18069": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is D.", "18072": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Beating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\n The answer is B.", "18073": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "18077": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is A.", "18078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA gray tree frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA gray tree frog does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger has the traits of a mammal. A Bengal tiger is a mammal.\n The answer is B.", "18086": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the Cerrado has warm summers and warm winters. It also has year-round rain.\n The answer is A.", "18088": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "18095": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms. Balls that are different colors represent atoms of different elements. The element that each color represents is shown in the legend.\nEvery element has its own abbreviation, called its atomic symbol. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a substance contains the atomic symbol for each element in the substance. Many chemical formulas also contain subscripts. A subscript is small text placed lower than the normal line of text. Each subscript in a chemical formula is placed after the symbol for an element and tells you how many atoms of that element that symbol represents. If there is no subscript after a symbol, that symbol represents one atom.\nSo, the chemical formula for a substance tells you which elements make up that substance. It also tells you the ratio of the atoms of those elements in the substance. For example, the chemical formula below tells you that there are three chlorine atoms for every one boron atom in the substance. This chemical formula represents the same substance as the ball-and-stick model shown above.\nSOLUTION: H is the symbol for hydrogen. According to the legend, hydrogen atoms are shown in light gray. S is the symbol for sulfur. According to the legend, sulfur atoms are shown in yellow. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom. The chemical formula will contain the symbols H and S. There are two hydrogen atoms, so H will have a subscript of 2. There is one sulfur atom, so S will not have a subscript. The correct formula is H2 S. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.\n The answer is C.", "18101": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism terminological inexactitudes means that they used false or misleading language.\n The answer is B.", "18104": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\n The answer is A.", "18105": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.\n The answer is C.", "18124": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A hair dryer is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A hair dryer is made of plastic.\nCaramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.\nA pair of dice is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you roll a pair of dice, the dice have a shape of their own. They are still cubes when they stop rolling.\nThe tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\n The answer is A.", "18127": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The student pulls out the drawer. The direction of the pull is toward her hand.\n The answer is A.", "18128": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe California Gold Rush began after gold was discovered in 1848.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the California Gold Rush.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople who moved to California for gold were greedy.\nGreedy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes someone greedy.\n The answer is A.", "18129": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Lansing is the capital of Michigan.\n The answer is A.", "18130": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lamb is between the guide words lever - loan, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "18131": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus.\nFalco peregrinus has the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nStrix uralensis does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Strix uralensis are not in the same species.\nArdea cinerea does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Ardea cinerea are not in the same species.\n The answer is A.", "18133": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance zirconium.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether magnesium is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that green represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Mg. So, the model shows you that magnesium is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that magnesium is composed of only one chemical element. So, magnesium is an elementary substance.\n The answer is A.", "18134": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that lending something to someone will lead to widespread theft. However, this argument offers only an extreme outcome and ignores other possible outcomes. For instance, you may lend something to someone without worrying that they will steal it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\n The answer is B.", "18136": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "18138": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nIt was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the Northern Kentucky Airport last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "18146": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Mississippi.\n The answer is A.", "18149": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A moon jellyfish's scientific name is Aurelia aurita.\nAequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, Aurelia aurita and Aequorea victoria are not in the same species.\nCyanea capillata does not have the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata are not in the same species.\nAurelia aurita has the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, these organisms are in the same species.\n The answer is B.", "18152": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is A.", "18159": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The tomato plant's observable version of the leaf type trait is potato leaves. So, the plant's phenotype for the leaf type trait is potato leaves.\n The answer is A.", "18166": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the marmot.\nThe marmot has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing. The large front teeth can help the marmot break off pieces of food that it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe aardvark has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing.\nThe Damara mole rat has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing.\n The answer is B.", "18167": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the Kermadec Arc has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight.\n The answer is B.", "18173": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "18184": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is C.", "18187": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A mouflon's scientific name is Ovis orientalis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis.\nOvis aries is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis aries and Ovis orientalis are in the same genus.\nHystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus.\nAlouatta palliata is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta palliata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "18194": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince principal is between the guide words paint - post, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18196": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "18197": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\nSOLUTION: King, queen, and clown go together. They are people in a family. Teacher is not a person in a family, so it is not like the other words.\n The answer is D.", "18202": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "18212": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Salem. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\n The answer is B.", "18241": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder piece of rope has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "18245": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is B.", "18250": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a diving board is 10 feet.\n10 inches is too short. 10 yards and 10 miles are too long.\n The answer is C.", "18257": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 77\u00b0F pie is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "18258": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe earthworm does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the earthworm is a decomposer.\nThe bilberry has arrows pointing from it. So, the bilberry is not a decomposer.\n The answer is A.", "18263": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to peel a banana is 11 seconds.\n11 minutes is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "18272": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "18273": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Jayce's new kitten is not actually just a ball of fluff.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "18275": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince weary is between the guide words walnut - who, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18277": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Madison is the capital of Wisconsin.\n The answer is C.", "18278": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nIt was 24\u00b0C downtown this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature downtown this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "18284": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Arctic Ocean.\n The answer is C.", "18288": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest north.\n The answer is A.", "18291": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Atlantic puffin.\nThe Atlantic puffin has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Atlantic puffin uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe platypus has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe spectral tarsier has long fingers and toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The spectral tarsier uses its feet to climb trees.\n The answer is A.", "18294": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map.\nThe map shows that the conflict involved countries and territories throughout Asia, South America, Africa, Europe, and North America. The only continents not involved were Australia, where no Europeans had settled, and Antarctica, where no humans lived.\nThe French and Indian War was part of a global war between rival empires. An empire is a group of places ruled by a central power. At the time, several empires were fighting to become the most powerful in the world. Many historians call this global war the Seven Years' War.\nThe French and Indian War was the part of the Seven Years' War fought in North America. This war led to big changes in the relationship between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain. Historians often consider these changes important causes of the American Revolution, which started less than 20 years later.\n The answer is A.", "18296": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is A.", "18303": "Assistant: LECTURE: A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\nSOLUTION: Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to zinc oxide in this chemical reaction.\nMany watches are powered by small, flat batteries called button cells. One common type of button cell contains the metal zinc. When zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms. This process generates the electricity that powers the watch.\nThe underlined text tells you that zinc oxide forms when zinc and oxygen combine. Because zinc and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form zinc oxide. The text also tells you that zinc oxide is a product.\n The answer is A.", "18306": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that if Leon enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Leon could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is C.", "18310": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Hobbes has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.\n The answer is B.", "18311": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "18322": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Kentucky is farthest east.\n The answer is B.", "18328": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is A.", "18334": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "18336": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is A.", "18338": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\n The answer is A.", "18344": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Nashville, Tennessee. New York City, Denver, and San Antonio are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is A.", "18349": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the giant pangolin.\nThe giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the giant pangolin.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe nine-banded armadillo has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.\nThe Grant's gazelle has soft fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.\n The answer is B.", "18357": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Layla wants or needs:\nLayla will spend more time making the tomato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup.\n The answer is B.", "18362": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Boxer has one allele for a black coat (L) and one allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). So, Boxer's genotype for the coat color gene is Ll.\n The answer is A.", "18372": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Richard wants or needs:\nThe palm tree will use up more space than the marigolds would have used up.\n The answer is A.", "18382": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nGrace can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\nThe first text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nIf Grace prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is A.", "18387": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The passage says a blue whale is as big as two school buses put together.\n The answer is C.", "18389": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Sushi's observable version of the body color trait is a golden body. So, Sushi's phenotype for the body color trait is a golden body.\n The answer is A.", "18395": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 40 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bat moved 225 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 40 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is A.", "18396": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.\nSOLUTION: In this experiment, Jason and his neighbors investigated whether adding sunflower seeds to bird feeders affects how many woodpeckers visit yards. The yards with empty feeders did not get sunflower seeds. So, they were part of a control group.\n The answer is A.", "18405": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 25 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 60 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 25 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is A.", "18407": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThe passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Diane lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "18412": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n The answer is C.", "18420": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is B.", "18421": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "18424": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince event is between the guide words easel - enamel, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "18426": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Ramadan is a special time of year in the religion of Islam. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from food and water from sunrise to sunset.\n The answer is A.", "18427": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 1 mile.\n1 yard is too short.\n The answer is B.", "18429": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen a dancer wears a ballet shoe, it may bend a little. But the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is A.", "18436": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Norwood. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is A.", "18440": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 65 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 95 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 65 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.\n The answer is B.", "18446": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis.\n The answer is D.", "18454": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.\n The answer is B.", "18472": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 44\u00b0F.\n44\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "18483": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.\n The answer is C.", "18487": "Assistant: LECTURE: Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\nSOLUTION: Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick.\n The answer is A.", "18492": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Carly or Jenny.\nCarly looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nCarly has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny.\n The answer is A.", "18494": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A yak is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nYaks live in cold places. Their long hair helps keep them warm.\nA bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA shoebill is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nShoebills live in tropical East Africa. Shoebills get their name from their shoe-shaped beaks.\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\n The answer is B.", "18499": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "18503": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature ferns use asexual reproduction to make spores. When the spore cases open, the spores are released.\nWhen a spore lands on the ground and germinates, it grows into a small heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns live in damp environments, and sperm can swim though small water drops. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm swims to an egg on the same heart-shaped plant. Cross-fertilization happens when the sperm swims to an egg on a nearby plant.\nFertilization happens when a sperm and an egg fuse. The fertilized egg germinates and grows into a mature fern.\nThe mature fern can make spores and begin the fern life cycle again.\nSOLUTION: After they are released, spores can land on the ground and germinate. When spores germinate, they grow into heart-shaped plants.\nFerns do not fuse with other ferns. Instead, heart-shaped plants grow from spores.\n The answer is B.", "18506": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is C.", "18516": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince earnest is between the guide words electric - ever, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18547": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 145 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\n The answer is C.", "18550": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4\n The answer is A.", "18559": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\nSOLUTION: The word is closed. It ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound.\n The answer is B.", "18560": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is C.", "18562": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The equator is the line at 0\u00b0 latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Europe or Australia.\n The answer is C.", "18565": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two blocks of concrete are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder block of concrete has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "18571": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by focusing on one main idea.\nFor example, the writer could remove the underlined text to focus only on the reasons why smoking cigarettes is bad for your health.\nWhy is smoking cigarettes bad for your health? Cigarettes contain poisonous substances like carbon monoxide and tar, which can harm every part of your body. Smoking causes heart disease and damages your blood vessels. Eating a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt can also lead to heart disease. A lack of exercise contributes to heart disease, too. Smoking damages your lungs and can cause breathing problems or lung cancer. In fact, it can cause cancer in any organ in your body.\n The answer is B.", "18572": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "18576": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is A.", "18586": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the New England Seamount Chain has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight.\n The answer is A.", "18588": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, throws. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "18609": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 1,000 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. The volume of Jupiter is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is more than 1.08 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is more than 1,000 times that of Earth.\n The answer is B.", "18617": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is D.", "18627": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA red-tailed hawk is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is A.", "18632": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The cracker is not stretchy.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The pretzel is not transparent.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is salty.\n The answer is A.", "18651": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words the and you are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Don't Let the Turkeys Get You Down.\n The answer is B.", "18658": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbia is the capital of South Carolina.\n The answer is D.", "18659": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince midnight is between the guide words melt - myself, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18660": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nDoug's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nDoug realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "18662": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The city is Washington, D.C. Philadelphia, Boston, and New York City are marked with gray circles on the map below.\n The answer is B.", "18673": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Marcy thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\n The answer is A.", "18675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nA green toad has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green toad has the traits of an amphibian. A green toad is an amphibian.\n The answer is B.", "18682": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is D.", "18686": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "18687": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\n The answer is B.", "18689": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50% of Jupiter's volume by multiplying Jupiter's volume by 0.5.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 827,130 billion km^3, which is more than 715,640 billion km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.\n The answer is B.", "18703": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Herman sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is B.", "18707": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Monta\u00f1a De Oro State Park have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "18714": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, reads. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "18716": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nSoap is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSoap is a liquid. But all minerals are solids.\nSo, soap is not a mineral.\nGalena is a mineral.\nNative gold is a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "18718": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\nSOLUTION: A fir tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of fir trees are called needles.\nA sheep is an animal. It eats plants.\nPeople raise sheep for their fur, meat, and milk.\nA chili pepper is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nChili peppers give food a spicy flavor.\nA tulip is a plant. It has a green stem.\nTulips grow best in cool, dry places.\n The answer is A.", "18722": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the giraffe.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe gerenuk has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches.\nThe black-tailed jackrabbit has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The black-tailed jackrabbit uses its neck to eat grass.\n The answer is B.", "18723": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gravy is between the guide words gale - giraffe, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "18739": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\n The answer is A.", "18743": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "18752": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the table and images.\nBella wants broccoli. Darnell wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "18753": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: Goes on a big adventure is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\n The answer is B.", "18763": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\n The answer is A.", "18765": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Mabel's observable version of the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum. So, Mabel's phenotype for the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum.\n The answer is A.", "18775": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince jeep is between the guide words jar - jut, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "18779": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is B.", "18786": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\n The answer is B.", "18787": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana.\n The answer is D.", "18792": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or Asia.\n The answer is C.", "18795": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The water pitcher is transparent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The water pitcher is not colorful.\n The answer is B.", "18796": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "18803": "Assistant: LECTURE: There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\nSOLUTION: At the current price, there are not enough cars for sale. There are 20 cars for sale, but 40 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of new cars.\n The answer is B.", "18812": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "18814": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is B.", "18816": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a place, livestock are animals that are raised for their food, milk, or hide. Some places have more livestock than others.\nLivestock are more common in rural areas. In these places, people raise animals for food, milk, and hide.\nLivestock are less common in suburban areas. In these places, people live near each other.\nSOLUTION: Livestock are more common in rural areas. In these places, people raise animals for food, milk, and hide.\n The answer is A.", "18822": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is A.", "18841": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "18846": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is D.", "18858": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Queenie's observable version of the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks. So, Queenie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks.\n The answer is A.", "18864": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Reggie is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "18873": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nThe Dominican Republic has lush, green forests and beautiful beaches. A biologist studying insects noticed that it was cooler in the forest than at the beach for most of last week.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in the Dominican Republic last week. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is B.", "18876": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "18885": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Cape Breton Highlands National Park has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "18889": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "18892": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple.\nA sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But cutting an apple is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "18895": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck.\nThe black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe common guillemot has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe spectral tarsier has long fingers and toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The spectral tarsier uses its feet to climb trees.\n The answer is B.", "18896": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The basketball is bouncy, but the spring is not.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. Both objects are colorful.\nThe property that both objects have in common is colorful.\n The answer is B.", "18906": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nAlone together is a contradiction, because being alone means by yourself, but together means with someone else.\n The answer is B.", "18907": "Assistant: LECTURE: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.\nSOLUTION: An event chain uses arrows to show the order of events. This event chain shows some main events from the American Revolution.\nFollow the arrows to see the order of events. An arrow points from The war ends to The Constitution begins. So, the Constitution began fighting after the war ended.\n The answer is B.", "18915": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the 1600 s, Europeans started to trade with Asia. At first, the trading was done by the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company.\nThese companies were granted special rights, or privileges, by their respective governments. The privileges included the right to sail to Asia, buy goods there, and sell those goods in Europe.\nIn 1633, the Spanish government gave the Spanish East India Company the right to sail to Asia and buy goods there. But the Portuguese government would not let the Spanish East India Company sail around Africa. So, the Spanish East India Company could not get to Asia.\n The answer is C.", "18919": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rampart is not between the guide words reach - risk, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "18920": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The common carp has one allele for normal scales (A) and one allele for mirror scales (a). So, the carp's genotype for the scale type gene is Aa.\n The answer is B.", "18935": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Waterloo is history.\nThe Battle of Waterloo was a military conflict that took place in Belgium in 1815. The battle ended the career of Napoleon, a French emperor who had dominated European politics for many years.\nThe allusion Waterloo means a final defeat.\n The answer is B.", "18936": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "18937": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is A.", "18949": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Zelda's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Zelda's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for white spots. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Zelda's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZelda's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\n The answer is B.", "18973": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A desert is a type of ecosystem. Deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, Death Valley has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.\n The answer is A.", "18985": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis.\n The answer is A.", "18994": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "19002": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.\n The answer is D.", "19016": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nFirst, Trent planted the geraniums in a clay pot, and then he placed the pot on a sunny windowsill in his kitchen.\n The answer is B.", "19017": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "19022": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Slate does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, slate is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "19023": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "19029": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Colton is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Colton.\n The answer is A.", "19034": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is scratchier. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel rough and itchy.\n The answer is A.", "19036": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Brendan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isaac was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBrendan has tomatoes. Isaac has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "19042": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is B.", "19043": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Nerium oleander is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "19045": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Goodman's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "19049": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\n The answer is A.", "19055": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 36\u00b0F.\n36\u00b0C is too hot.\n The answer is A.", "19060": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Greg or Eric.\nAfter Greg talked with Eric about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEric felt better about collaborating on the research project after Greg talked with him about it.\n The answer is B.", "19063": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Victor's hair color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "19070": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Eli wants or needs:\nEli will give up the chance to see the tamarins. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the polar bears.\n The answer is B.", "19075": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.\n The answer is A.", "19078": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 17 centimeters.\n17 millimeters is too short. 17 meters and 17 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is D.", "19080": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "19086": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 5,725 kilograms.\n5,725 grams is too light.\n The answer is B.", "19090": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\nSOLUTION: The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\n The answer is B.", "19093": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rose started sledding. As Rose rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rose rode down the hill.\n The answer is A.", "19112": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the clothes hanger.\nThe clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The top is made of wood, and the bottom is made of cardboard.\n The answer is A.", "19115": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Nibbles's genotype for the body size gene is BB. Nibbles's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for a normal-sized body. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nibbles's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a normal-sized body (B) is dominant over the allele for a dwarf body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nNibbles's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body.\n The answer is A.", "19117": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is B.", "19118": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "19122": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.\n The answer is B.", "19133": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Pacific Ocean.\n The answer is B.", "19134": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "19136": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\n The answer is A.", "19139": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects the Atlantic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "19142": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\n The answer is A.", "19143": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoiling sugar is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "19150": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether washing cars is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs washing cars something you can touch? No.\nIs washing cars a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, washing cars is a service.\n The answer is B.", "19155": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Fluorite has all the properties of a mineral. So, fluorite is a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "19156": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the hockey puck and the center of Earth changed.\nBecause the table was level, each point on the table was the same distance from the center of Earth. As the hockey puck slid toward the goal, the distance between the puck and the center of Earth stayed the same. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the hockey puck and Earth stayed the same as the puck slid toward the goal.\n The answer is B.", "19158": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is D.", "19161": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are soft.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The tree bark is not translucent.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are hard.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is soft.\n The answer is C.", "19163": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 42 millimeters.\n42 centimeters and 42 meters are both too long.\n The answer is C.", "19164": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Cuba.\nDoes Cuba have any territorial disputes?\nCuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year.\n The answer is B.", "19165": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Senator Larsen can't empathize with his low-income constituents because he went to an elite university. However, going to an elite university doesn't necessarily mean you're out of touch. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is A.", "19167": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "19176": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 40 minutes.\n40 hours is too slow.\n The answer is B.", "19182": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Scratches's observable version of the fur type trait is curly fur. So, Scratches's phenotype for the fur type trait is curly fur.\n The answer is B.", "19187": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is C.", "19197": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The police department is in column 2.\n The answer is C.", "19204": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.\n The answer is B.", "19206": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.\n The answer is B.", "19213": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: The river flooded the town during the storm is a complete sentence. The subject is the river, and the verb is flooded.\n The answer is A.", "19217": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Ashley's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Ashley is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nAshley's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Weston Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\n The answer is B.", "19220": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The force from the tow truck pulls the car down the road. The direction of the pull is toward the tow truck.\n The answer is B.", "19223": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Brittany wants or needs:\nThe maple tree will use up more space than the poppies would have used up.\n The answer is B.", "19225": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Indian Ocean.\n The answer is A.", "19227": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with white spots or solid coloring, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. The question tells you that the a allele, which is for white spots, is recessive to the A allele, which is for solid coloring.\nWhite spots is the recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the recessive version of the coat pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with white spots must have the genotype aa.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype aa. This box is highlighted below.\nSolid coloring is the dominant allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the dominant version of the coat pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with solid coloring must have the genotype AA or Aa.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype AA or Aa. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with white spots to offspring with solid coloring is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with white spots for every 3 offspring with solid coloring.\n The answer is C.", "19232": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: An icicle is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nAn icicle can grow or melt. But it still has a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is A.", "19237": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "19239": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The spring and the basketball are not blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.\n The answer is A.", "19244": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the leaf-mimic katydid.\nThe leaf-mimic katydid has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe shield mantis has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\nThe blue poison dart frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\n The answer is B.", "19248": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Sumatran orangutan.\nThe Sumatran orangutan has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The Sumatran orangutan uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe Grevy's zebra has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The Grevy's zebra uses its feet to walk and run.\n The answer is B.", "19253": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.\n The answer is B.", "19257": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl has the traits of a bird. A barn owl is a bird.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a bird. A minnow is a fish.\n The answer is B.", "19259": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "19260": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Mount Rainier National Park has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "19263": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Poseidon's genotype for the iridescent scales gene is ii. Poseidon's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for mostly plain scales. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Poseidon's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for mostly iridescent scales (I) is dominant over the allele for mostly plain scales (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nPoseidon's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales.\n The answer is A.", "19271": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is C.", "19274": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\n The answer is B.", "19278": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou might be excited by all of the people and activity in Tokyo, or it might be a bit overwhelming.\n The answer is A.", "19287": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is B.", "19292": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Topeka is the capital of Kansas.\n The answer is C.", "19293": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "19296": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nMany crops are grown in California's Central Valley. Thick fog often fills the valley during the cold winter months.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of fog in California's Central Valley. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is A.", "19303": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is C.", "19305": "Assistant: LECTURE: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n\nSOLUTION: The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth has the volume with the largest exponent. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.\n The answer is A.", "19310": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A hockey puck is not a living thing.\nHockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA snowman is not a living thing.\nSnowmen do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nYeast is a living thing.\nYeast grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. Yeast is made up of many cells.\n The answer is B.", "19318": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of honey has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "19323": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "19324": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Chandler usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\n The answer is B.", "19327": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of the Nile River is 6,850 kilometers.\n6,850 centimeters is too short.\n The answer is A.", "19333": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Sutton is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\n The answer is B.", "19334": "Assistant: LECTURE: Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n\nSOLUTION: Candle wax does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, candle wax is not a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "19351": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Milford. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is B.", "19353": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "19355": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "19367": "Assistant: LECTURE: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)\nSOLUTION: When an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest, the caterpillar gets food and protection from the ants. So, the caterpillar benefits from its relationship with the ants.\nThe ants also benefit from their relationship with the caterpillar. They get to keep the caterpillar safe from other ants in the nest.\nSince both the caterpillar and the ants benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest.\n The answer is B.", "19375": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is B.", "19381": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Emma Hammond can't understand rural, blue-collar workers because she is associated with an urban newspaper. However, where Emma works doesn't necessarily indicate anything about her ability to empathize. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is A.", "19386": "Assistant: LECTURE: When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture.\nThe word chirping describes the sound these birds make.\nPopping and quacking can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds these birds make.\n The answer is A.", "19397": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Namaqua chameleon.\nThe Namaqua chameleon has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European green lizard has a sand-colored body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe horned viper has a yellow-and-brown body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\n The answer is B.", "19401": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Richmond is the capital of Virginia.\n The answer is A.", "19405": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is A.", "19408": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.\n The answer is B.", "19430": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMany geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.\n The answer is B.", "19442": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\nSOLUTION: This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nAccording to a 2008 study, hog farms across five counties in eastern North Carolina produce more than fifteen million tons of manure every year, creating a waste management challenge of epic proportions for county officials.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nAccording to a 2008 study, hog farms across five counties in eastern North Carolina produce more than fifteen million tons of manure every year. This creates a waste management challenge of epic proportions for county officials.\n The answer is B.", "19444": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince escape is between the guide words equal - everyday, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "19456": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "19457": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (known for, photographs of).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "19460": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "19470": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is B.", "19473": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 320 liters.\n320 milliliters is too little.\n The answer is A.", "19476": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.\n The answer is D.", "19477": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is B.", "19479": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is A.", "19484": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "19493": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "19494": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Rhode Island.\n The answer is C.", "19496": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a tokay gecko has a backbone.\n The answer is A.", "19500": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that if Joe enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Joe could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "19501": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Norma is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\n The answer is B.", "19508": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "19515": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA harvest mouse has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has fur.\nA harvest mouse has the traits of a mammal. A harvest mouse is a mammal.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A minnow is a fish.\n The answer is A.", "19520": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "19524": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "19525": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the great egret.\nThe great egret has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great egret to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe great blue heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe frigatebird has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\n The answer is B.", "19531": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season.\nChoice \"February is wetter than March.\" is incorrect.\nWetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\n The answer is C.", "19532": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Biscotti's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Biscotti's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for wavy fur. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Biscotti's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for straight fur (F) is dominant over the allele for wavy fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBiscotti's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\n The answer is A.", "19533": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "19535": "Assistant: LECTURE: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.\nSOLUTION: The pond is in column 4.\n The answer is C.", "19538": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"To Help a Shy Child, Listen.\"\n The answer is A.", "19545": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Palau.\n The answer is D.", "19546": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Columbus is the capital of Ohio.\n The answer is B.", "19548": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\n The answer is B.", "19549": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is A.", "19550": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 43\u00b0C potato is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "19558": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The tree bark and the log are not soft.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy.\n The answer is C.", "19592": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words on and pop are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Hop on Pop.\n The answer is B.", "19595": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\n The answer is A.", "19601": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince platform is between the guide words perfect - polo, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "19602": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "19618": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nBreaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "19620": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "19625": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The cucumber, the tea cup, and the icicle are not transparent.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All four objects are fragile.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The icicle and the tea cup are not sweet.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is fragile.\n The answer is A.", "19629": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words to and son are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"Mother to Son.\"\n The answer is A.", "19632": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls.\n The answer is B.", "19634": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "19638": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nimble is not between the guide words nation - next, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "19641": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\nSOLUTION: Aunt Clare's heavy baggage is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\n The answer is A.", "19642": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation.\n The answer is B.", "19658": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The passage says that jumping spiders catch their food by jumping onto bugs.\n The answer is B.", "19659": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "19665": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Arkansas is farthest west.\n The answer is C.", "19676": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. Prairie grasslands have the following features: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. So, the following statement describes the Buffalo Gap National Grassland ecosystem: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. It has a medium amount of rain. The following statements do not describe Buffalo Gap National Grassland: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. It has heavy rain. It has cold winters and cool summers.\n The answer is B.", "19678": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass marbles are smoother. If you touch a glass marble, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\n The answer is B.", "19681": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "19691": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether carbon tetrachloride is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of carbon tetrachloride is composed of one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that carbon tetrachloride is composed of two chemical elements: carbon and chlorine. Since carbon tetrachloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, carbon tetrachloride is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "19695": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\n The answer is A.", "19697": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nParkour is a physical discipline that involves getting from one point to another while navigating obstacles along the way.\nIt can be proved by reading about Parkour.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe greatest benefit of Parkour training is that it teaches people to see obstacles and challenges as opportunities.\nGreatest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes Parkour training beneficial.\n The answer is B.", "19720": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with academic advisers.\nBefore Jake decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major.\n The answer is A.", "19723": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\nSOLUTION: The word so ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\n The answer is A.", "19725": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether propane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for propane, C3 H8, contains two atomic symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that propane is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince propane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, propane is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "19726": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The magnifying glass and the silver nail are not fragile.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The diamond and the silver nail are not bouncy.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard.\n The answer is C.", "19730": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Burton's snoring.\n The answer is A.", "19731": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is B.", "19736": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Quartz has all the properties of a mineral. So, quartz is a mineral.\n The answer is A.", "19756": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "19759": "Assistant: LECTURE: Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.\nSOLUTION: The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Antarctica. It does not intersect South America or North America.\n The answer is A.", "19764": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "19778": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nThe air inside a raft is a gas. A gas spreads out to fill a space. The air inside a raft fills all the space in the raft. If air leaks out, it will spread out to fill a much larger space.\nA water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nHelium is a gas. A gas spreads out to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will spread out to fill a much larger space.\n The answer is A.", "19782": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "19787": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is C.", "19788": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nFluorite is a mineral.\nCheese is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, cheese is not a mineral.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "19789": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Alvin's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, Alvin's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes.\n The answer is A.", "19791": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "19793": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "19798": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nChocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.\nA ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a dancer wears a ballet shoe, it may bend a little. But the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\n The answer is A.", "19807": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the cow.\nThe cow has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the cow reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe zebra has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe silky anteater has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The silky anteater uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows.\n The answer is A.", "19818": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nMaking jam is a chemical change. It involves mixing fruit, sugar, and a substance called pectin.\nWhen these ingredients are mixed and cooked, the chemical bonds in their molecules are broken. The types of matter in the jam are different from the types of matter in the fruit.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "19819": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A common toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a common toad has a backbone.\nA weaver ant is an insect. Like other insects, a weaver ant does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\n The answer is B.", "19824": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nHenry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects.\n The answer is B.", "19830": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Brody felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\n The answer is A.", "19850": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "19860": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.\n The answer is B.", "19867": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "19872": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Lauren was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\n The answer is A.", "19877": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Acrochordus granulatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nAcrochordus granulatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that marine file snake is the common name.\n The answer is A.", "19879": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is A.", "19882": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "19883": "Assistant: LECTURE: In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.\n The answer is B.", "19886": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "19888": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nSOLUTION: The words gull and curl rhyme. They both end with the ull sound.\nThe word hurl does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\n The answer is A.", "19889": "Assistant: LECTURE: People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\nSOLUTION: Taller buildings are usually found in urban areas. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\n The answer is A.", "19894": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nDry Valleys, Antarctica, is the driest place on Earth, followed by Arica, Chile.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the driest places on Earth.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe cold, sunless winter months in Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are unbearable.\nUnbearable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how cold and sunless months are bearable.\n The answer is B.", "19899": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The slide whistle, the helium balloons, and the water pitcher are not transparent.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All four objects are smooth.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The helium balloons and the slide whistle are flexible, but the water pitcher is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is smooth.\n The answer is B.", "19903": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.\n The answer is B.", "19904": "Assistant: LECTURE: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.\n The answer is A.", "19905": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\nSOLUTION: You can tell whether potassium nitrate is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium nitrate, KNO3, contains three atomic symbols: K for potassium, N for nitrogen, and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that potassium nitrate is composed of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium nitrate is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium nitrate is a compound.\n The answer is A.", "19908": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is B.", "19912": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBarry has tomatoes. Mona has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is D.", "19913": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Sebastian is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Sebastian.\n The answer is B.", "19922": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Augusta is the capital of Maine.\n The answer is C.", "19926": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Chandler wants or needs:\nChandler will give up the chance to eat the praline pecan ice cream. He likes this flavor more than caramel swirl.\n The answer is A.", "19928": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "19934": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Australia.\n The answer is B.", "19937": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nThe trek across New Zealand's South Island is exhausting, but the gorgeous views make it worth the effort.\n The answer is A.", "19948": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince won is not between the guide words white - win, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "19952": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\n The answer is B.", "19955": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.\n The answer is D.", "19963": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\n The answer is A.", "19981": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is A.", "19984": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nThe food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain:\nA primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain.\nA secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain.\nA tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain.\nA top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer!\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the brown trout is a secondary consumer because it eats a primary consumer. The primary consumer in this food chain is the mayfly.\n The answer is B.", "19990": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A slide is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A slide has a size and shape of its own, even when you sit on it.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nThe air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a soccer ball fills all the space in the soccer ball. If the soccer ball were to pop, the air would expand to fill a much larger space.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is A.", "19998": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is B.", "20001": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\n The answer is B.", "20002": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is A.", "20003": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.\n The answer is C.", "20007": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\n The answer is A.", "20009": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for how long it takes to fly across the United States in an airplane is 5 hours.\n5 minutes is too fast.\n The answer is B.", "20011": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Rosa Parks grew up in the South.\nThe South was a region of the United States that included 11 states when Rosa Parks was born. These states tried to break away from the United States in the 1860 s. Rosa Parks was born in Montgomery, Alabama, which was part of the South.\n The answer is D.", "20020": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the caribou.\nDuring the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The caribou uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe snowy owl has a thick coat of feathers covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe naked mole rat has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.\n The answer is B.", "20021": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two wax candles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter wax candle has more thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "20024": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is B.", "20036": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "20040": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Carcharodon carcharias is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCarcharodon carcharias is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that great white shark is the common name.\n The answer is A.", "20041": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "20043": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is B.", "20046": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "20051": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is B.", "20062": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.\nSOLUTION: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe feather fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the feather fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil.\n The answer is A.", "20065": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between Herman and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Herman started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Herman and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Herman and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\n The answer is A.", "20075": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.\n The answer is C.", "20081": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nShelby and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\n The answer is B.", "20095": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\nMuscovite is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is made by a living thing. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral.\n The answer is B.", "20115": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the spatula.\nThe spatula is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of a type of plastic called silicone.\n The answer is A.", "20116": "Assistant: LECTURE: Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA marble is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a marble is not a rock.\nDolerite is a rock.\nMarble is a rock.\n The answer is A.", "20117": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lamb is between the guide words like - lumber, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "20119": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "20120": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf.\nThe Arctic wolf has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic wolf uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Eurasian lynx has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe Amazon milk frog has thin, moist skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.\n The answer is B.", "20121": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "20132": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is A.", "20134": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But bending a paper clip is not.\n The answer is C.", "20135": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo examples of regular present-tense verbs are walk and talk.\nThree examples of irregular present-tense verbs are stand, sit, and lie.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, talks | walked, talked | will walk, will talk\nstand, sits | stood, sat | will stand, will sit\nlie, lies | lay, lie | will lie, will sit\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, rest. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\n The answer is A.", "20145": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a gray body or a golden body, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the body color trait. The question tells you that the b allele, which is for a golden body, is recessive to the B allele, which is for a gray body.\nA gray body is the dominant allele's version of the body color trait. A guppy with the dominant version of the body color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the body color gene. So, offspring with a gray body must have the genotype BB or Bb.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype BB or Bb.\nA golden body is the recessive allele's version of the body color trait. A guppy with the recessive version of the body color trait must have only recessive alleles for the body color gene. So, offspring with a golden body must have the genotype bb.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype bb.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a gray body to offspring with a golden body is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with a gray body. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with a golden body.\n The answer is E.", "20148": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is A.", "20159": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\n The answer is A.", "20161": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\nSOLUTION: A hammer is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nHammers are made of iron and steel. Both iron and steel are solids.\nA screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nThis screwdriver has a metal blade and a plastic handle. Both metal and plastic are solids.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is D.", "20166": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Digby has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Digby's genotype for the fur length gene is FF.\n The answer is B.", "20170": "Assistant: LECTURE: According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\nSOLUTION: Helen's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Helen's foot.\n The answer is B.", "20172": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Todd shouldn't be class president because he reads romance novels for fun. This is a personal attack on Todd that isn't relevant to whether he would be a good class president. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is B.", "20173": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the barracuda.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The baracuda uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe seahorse has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The seahorse uses its mouth to hold on to plants and rocks.\n The answer is B.", "20174": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Catoctin Mountain Park ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The following statement does not describe Catoctin Mountain Park: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has many different types of trees.\n The answer is B.", "20176": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Minnesota is farthest north.\n The answer is B.", "20180": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is C.", "20184": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\nSOLUTION: The second sentence states a fact.\nBirds are the only living animals that have feathers.\nIt can be proved by checking a book about birds.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPeacock feathers can make any room look fancy.\nFancy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether peacock feathers can make a room look fancy.\n The answer is A.", "20187": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All four objects are stretchy.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The rubber band and the melted marshmallow are not fragile.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The melted marshmallow is not sour.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is stretchy.\n The answer is B.", "20189": "Assistant: LECTURE: In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nSOLUTION: Nerium oleander is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.\n The answer is A.", "20192": "Assistant: LECTURE: Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\nSOLUTION: An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA spotted dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\n The answer is C.", "20203": "Assistant: LECTURE: An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Kaeng Krachan National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe Kaeng Krachan National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is A.", "20208": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is C.", "20215": "Assistant: LECTURE: Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A porcupine is a mammal. Like other mammals, a porcupine has a backbone.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\n The answer is A.", "20217": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Dale sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n The answer is B.", "20219": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest east.\n The answer is C.", "20221": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is A.", "20224": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\n The answer is A.", "20226": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 30 inches.\n30 feet, 30 yards, and 30 miles are all too long.\n The answer is D.", "20231": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\n The answer is B.", "20239": "Assistant: LECTURE: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\nSOLUTION: Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 100 and 110. So, the temperature is 105\u00b0F.\n The answer is A.", "20241": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.\n The answer is A.", "20244": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\nSOLUTION: The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nThroughout the ages, human beings have pondered the many mysteries of the moon repeats the s sound.\n The answer is A.", "20245": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is B.", "20256": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Wyoming is farthest north.\n The answer is D.", "20262": "Assistant: LECTURE: A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.\nSOLUTION: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bilberry.\nThere are two arrows pointing to the collared lemming. One arrow starts from the bear sedge, and the other arrow starts from the lichen. Neither the bear sedge nor the lichen has an arrow pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the collared lemming.\nThe only arrow pointing to the earthworm starts from the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the brown lemming and the collared lemming. The brown lemming and the collared lemming start from the bear sedge. The bear sedge does not have arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the earthworm.\nThe lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the lichen.\nThe bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the bear sedge.\n The answer is C.", "20268": "Assistant: LECTURE: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\nSOLUTION: Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nA shark's tooth is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral.\nChalcopyrite is a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\n The answer is C.", "20280": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is C.", "20283": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is C.", "20303": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, read. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "20320": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 25 centimeters.\n25 millimeters is too short. 25 meters and 25 kilometers are too long.\n The answer is A.", "20323": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\n The answer is A.", "20334": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.\n The answer is D.", "20337": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.\n The answer is A.", "20339": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\nSOLUTION: Look for the box that is heavier.\nA box holding 40 pounds is heavier than a box holding 30 pounds. So, the box holding 40 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box.\n The answer is A.", "20340": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\nSOLUTION: Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 115 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the lowest speed.\n The answer is A.", "20347": "Assistant: SOLUTION: An endoskeleton is inside an animal's body. It is made up of connected bones that grow along with the animal.\n The answer is A.", "20349": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "20351": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nThe modern sport of golf developed in Scotland in the late 1400 s.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the history of golf.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nGolf is possibly the dumbest sport that was ever invented.\nDumb shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a sport dumb.\n The answer is A.", "20368": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "20381": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.\nSOLUTION: Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is C.", "20382": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "20383": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Mississippi is farthest west.\n The answer is C.", "20384": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nSOLUTION: All three fish tanks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 76\u00b0F fish tank is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "20399": "Assistant: LECTURE: All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\nSOLUTION: A butterfly is a living thing.\nButterflies grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Butterflies are made up of many cells.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA rain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\n The answer is C.", "20407": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.\nSOLUTION: A red howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA cassowary is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCassowaries have wings, but they cannot fly! They can run very fast.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\n The answer is A.", "20413": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is A.", "20416": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "20421": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is A.", "20427": "Assistant: LECTURE: A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nThe baker split the cookie in half, and crumbs fell to the floor.\n The answer is B.", "20430": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\n The answer is C.", "20438": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Madison is the capital of Wisconsin.\n The answer is A.", "20440": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\n The answer is B.", "20441": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: We danced for hours we were tired is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We danced for hours and We were tired.\n The answer is B.", "20470": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Look at the map below. It labels ancient Egypt and other ancient civilizations.\nThe first civilization in ancient Egypt started along the Nile River. Other ancient civilizations also started near rivers. For example, ancient Indus Valley civilizations started along the Indus River in modern-day India.\n The answer is B.", "20471": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.\n The answer is C.", "20475": "Assistant: LECTURE: A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.\nSOLUTION: The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.\n The answer is A.", "20490": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a dose of cough syrup is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "20495": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.\nSOLUTION: Cybister sugillatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Cybister sugillatus is the scientific name.\n The answer is B.", "20498": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that ferrets make wonderful companions because more people are keeping them as pets. However, even though some ferrets make wonderful companions, that doesn't necessarily mean that all ferrets are great pets. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\n The answer is B.", "20500": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\n The answer is A.", "20503": "Assistant: LECTURE: The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\nSOLUTION: A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Wizard of Oz**.\n The answer is B.", "20505": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log gets cut into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original log.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is B.", "20506": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "20507": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is New Jersey.\n The answer is B.", "20514": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\n The answer is A.", "20518": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.\nSOLUTION: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.\n The answer is A.", "20522": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 14 meters.\n14 kilometers is too long.\n The answer is A.", "20527": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.\n The answer is D.", "20535": "Assistant: LECTURE: Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\nSOLUTION: The cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\n The answer is C.", "20539": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 34 centimeters.\n34 meters and 34 kilometers are both too long.\n The answer is A.", "20542": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are hard.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The rubber band and the balloon are not stretchy.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fragile.\n The answer is C.", "20552": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The anapron is soft.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The anapron is not rough.\n The answer is B.", "20554": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4.\n The answer is E.", "20559": "Assistant: LECTURE: Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\nSOLUTION: This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Sidney wants or needs:\nSidney will give up the chance to eat the vanilla custard. Sidney thinks vanilla custard would have tasted better than string cheese will.\n The answer is B.", "20561": "Assistant: LECTURE: During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\nSOLUTION: The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by fixing run-on sentences.\nFor example, the writer could divide each of the underlined run-on sentences into two complete sentences.\nWhen I'm asked to name my favorite teacher, I immediately think of Mr. Sweeney. In fifth grade, Mr. Sweeney taught us all about architecture he had the class start by learning to measure things very accurately. We studied environmentally friendly building methods, and we designed and built our own homes of the future. Mr. Sweeney was always fun and interesting, he believed that we could do more than we thought we could do. He helped me break boundaries in my life, he was a positive influence on me and will always be one of the most inspirational people in my life.\n The answer is B.", "20565": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: An empty cup is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen you fill a cup with water, the cup still has its own shape.\n The answer is A.", "20567": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is A.", "20568": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is B.", "20574": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\n The answer is A.", "20582": "Assistant: SOLUTION: People form governments for two main reasons.\nGovernments come up with laws, or rules, for a community. Laws help people work together and settle disagreements.\nLaws can tell people how to vote. Voting is a way to choose many of the country's most important leaders. For example, Americans vote to choose the president of the United States every four years.\n The answer is A.", "20584": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Pennsylvania.\n The answer is C.", "20592": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is A.", "20600": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nSOLUTION: Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\n The answer is A.", "20602": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhere Darnel lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Darnel lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "20604": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Arkansas is farthest south.\n The answer is C.", "20632": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.\n The answer is A.", "20634": "Assistant: LECTURE: Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: A seed can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow male and female cones. But a seed does not grow into a female cone or a male cone.\n The answer is B.", "20636": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nSOLUTION: The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Emma's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\n The answer is B.", "20643": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nHomer repeats the words I want at the beginning of each sentence.\n The answer is A.", "20647": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA rough-skinned newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA rough-skinned newt has the traits of an amphibian. A rough-skinned newt is an amphibian.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Bengal tiger is a mammal.\n The answer is A.", "20648": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n The answer is B.", "20666": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The gold nugget is not bumpy.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The log and the gold nugget are not bouncy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny.\n The answer is C.", "20669": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.\nSOLUTION: Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The helium balloons and the metal paper clip are not transparent.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All four objects are stretchy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The helium balloons and the metal paper clip are shiny, but the rubber band is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is stretchy.\n The answer is A.", "20674": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nSOLUTION: The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\n The answer is B.", "20675": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\nSOLUTION: The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nThe words wind, rend, open, and tatters are repeated at the beginning of each line.\n The answer is B.", "20677": "Assistant: LECTURE: An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\nSOLUTION: A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Pantanal has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.\n The answer is B.", "20690": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the Shahs' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the Shahs' opinion is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\n The answer is A.", "20694": "Assistant: LECTURE: Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\nSOLUTION: The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, join. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\n The answer is C.", "20699": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is not between the guide words base - bury, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "20701": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "20703": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is A.", "20709": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is C.", "20710": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long.\n The answer is D.", "20712": "Assistant: LECTURE: Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nSOLUTION: This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nAt weeds the water from the sink made tall.\nShe wore her cape; her hat was in her hand.\n The answer is A.", "20721": "Assistant: LECTURE: Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\nSOLUTION: The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (ASAP).\nThe first sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\n The answer is B.", "20722": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n\nSOLUTION: To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.\n The answer is B.", "20729": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\n The answer is A.", "20732": "Assistant: LECTURE: In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\nSOLUTION: Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Better Homes and Gardens.\n The answer is B.", "20734": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Virginia.\nThe Virginia State Capitol is in Richmond.\n The answer is C.", "20742": "Assistant: LECTURE: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nSOLUTION: The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 25\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\n The answer is A.", "20745": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\nSOLUTION: The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 24 tons.\n24 ounces and 24 pounds are both too light.\n The answer is C.", "20747": "Assistant: LECTURE: Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\nSOLUTION: Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower.\n The answer is B.", "20749": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A painted stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\n The answer is B.", "20751": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "20758": "Assistant: LECTURE: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.\n The answer is B.", "20762": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food.\nSOLUTION: In this food chain, the amphipod is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The amphipod in this food chain eats the anamorph.\n The answer is A.", "20770": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\nSOLUTION: Boba's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Boba's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Boba's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBoba's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\n The answer is B.", "20779": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n\nSOLUTION: A palmate newt's scientific name is Lissotriton helveticus. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton.\nTaricha torosa is in the genus Taricha. The first word of its scientific name is Taricha. So, Taricha torosa and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same genus.\nAmbystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same genus.\nLissotriton vulgaris is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton vulgaris and Lissotriton helveticus are in the same genus.\n The answer is C.", "20782": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Louie's observable version of the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks. So, Louie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks.\n The answer is A.", "20788": "Assistant: LECTURE: Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n\nSOLUTION: To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with vestigial wings or normal wings, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the wing type trait. The question tells you that the n allele, which is for vestigial wings, is recessive to the N allele, which is for normal wings.\nVestigial wings is the recessive allele's version of the wing type trait. A fruit fly with the recessive version of the wing type trait must have only recessive alleles for the wing type gene. So, offspring with vestigial wings must have the genotype nn.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype nn.\nNormal wings is the dominant allele's version of the wing type trait. A fruit fly with the dominant version of the wing type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the wing type gene. So, offspring with normal wings must have the genotype NN or Nn.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype NN or Nn.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with vestigial wings to offspring with normal wings is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with vestigial wings. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with normal wings.\n The answer is E.", "20794": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Ethan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Irma was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nEthan has tomatoes. Irma has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.\n The answer is C.", "20802": "Assistant: LECTURE: A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\nSOLUTION: The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\n The answer is A.", "20806": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince parent is not between the guide words president - public, it would not be found on that page.\n The answer is A.", "20815": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is C.", "20820": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is B.", "20829": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is B.", "20842": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Juneau is the capital of Alaska.\n The answer is D.", "20848": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\nSOLUTION: Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Shelby's hair color is an inherited trait.\n The answer is B.", "20849": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\nSOLUTION: To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A barn owl is a bird.\nA Florida manatee has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Florida manatee has the traits of a mammal. A Florida manatee is a mammal.\n The answer is B.", "20851": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\nSOLUTION: The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder brick has less thermal energy.\n The answer is B.", "20854": "Assistant: LECTURE: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nSOLUTION: The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Keith that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Keith.\n The answer is A.", "20860": "Assistant:\n The answer is C.", "20864": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.\nSOLUTION: Use the model to determine whether calcium oxide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that calcium oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and calcium atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that calcium oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and calcium. Since calcium oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, calcium oxide is a compound.\n The answer is B.", "20866": "Assistant: LECTURE: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.\nSOLUTION: Phyllite is a metamorphic rock. Like other metamorphic rocks, it forms when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure.\nHeat and pressure can change the type and arrangement of minerals in a rock. This change forms a new rock with different properties. Phyllite can form when sedimentary rocks such as schist are changed by heat and pressure.\n The answer is C.", "20883": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Helena is the capital of Montana.\n The answer is D.", "20887": "Assistant: LECTURE: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the common loon.\nThe common loon has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The common loon can use its beak to grab the slippery body of a fish underwater. It can also catch a fish by stabbing it with its beak.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe common kingfisher has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish.\nThe European robin has a short, thick beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch fish. The European robin uses its beak to eat small, hard seeds.\n The answer is A.", "20888": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nOn average, the coldest month in Hof, Iceland, is January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Hof, Iceland. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "20889": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Antarctica.\n The answer is C.", "20890": "Assistant: LECTURE: When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.\nSOLUTION: This organism's scientific name refers to Georg Wilhelm Steller.\nThe word stelleri refers to Georg Wilhelm Steller. So, the Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri.\n The answer is A.", "20891": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\n The answer is B.", "20907": "Assistant: LECTURE: Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\nSOLUTION: The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\n The answer is A.", "20908": "Assistant: LECTURE: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nSOLUTION: Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ceramic plate is fragile.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The ceramic plate is not scratchy.\n The answer is B.", "20915": "Assistant: LECTURE: Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nSOLUTION: Grilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw meat are different types of matter.\n The answer is B.", "20916": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A common ostrich is a bird. Like other birds, a common ostrich is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA fireworm is a worm. Like other worms, a fireworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\n The answer is C.", "20917": "Assistant: LECTURE: Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\nSOLUTION: The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\n The answer is B.", "20922": "Assistant: LECTURE: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.\nSOLUTION: The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.\n The answer is C.", "20924": "Assistant: LECTURE: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood.\nSOLUTION: Look at the picture of the shoes.\nThe shoes are made of two different materials. The tops are made of leather, and the soles are made of rubber.\n The answer is B.", "20926": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.\n The answer is A.", "20947": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "20948": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Sacramento is the capital of California.\n The answer is B.", "20949": "Assistant: LECTURE: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent\nSOLUTION: In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.\n The answer is A.", "20950": "Assistant: LECTURE: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.\nSOLUTION: To describe the average precipitation trends in Cairo, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nJanuary has an average monthly precipitation of about 15 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, January is the wettest month on average.\n The answer is B.", "20952": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A yak is a mammal. Like other mammals, a yak is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA peafowl is a bird. Like other birds, a peafowl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a Surinam horned frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is A.", "20953": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that Erin must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Erin's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Erin is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\n The answer is B.", "20967": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the temperature of a warm swimming pool is 25\u00b0C.\n25\u00b0F is too cold.\n The answer is A.", "20970": "Assistant: LECTURE: Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.\nSOLUTION: This is the Atlantic Ocean.\n The answer is C.", "20979": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nSOLUTION: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.\n The answer is C.", "20982": "Assistant: LECTURE: Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\nSOLUTION: Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Silvergrove. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\n The answer is A.", "20984": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Dover is the capital of Delaware.\n The answer is D.", "20988": "Assistant: LECTURE: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\nSOLUTION: The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\n The answer is A.", "20994": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n The answer is B.", "20995": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n The answer is B.", "20997": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bingo's observable version of the wool color trait is black wool. So, Bingo's phenotype for the wool color trait is black wool.\n The answer is A.", "20998": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?\n The answer is B.", "21000": "Assistant: LECTURE: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nSOLUTION: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nDave went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\n The answer is B.", "21001": "Assistant: LECTURE: Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nSOLUTION: Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon shorts would stretch more. If you pull the leg opening on a pair of nylon shorts, it will get wider.\n The answer is A.", "21006": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Filtration is a technique that involves straining unwanted materials from a mixture. For example, you can pour a liquid mixture through a funnel lined with filter paper that collects unwanted solids.\n The answer is A.", "21009": "Assistant: LECTURE: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\nSOLUTION: The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 12 milliliters.\n12 liters is too much.\n The answer is B.", "21014": "Assistant: LECTURE: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSOLUTION: An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The cucumber plant has two alleles for bumpy fruit (F). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF.\n The answer is A.", "21019": "Assistant: LECTURE: Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\nSOLUTION: A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA giant octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA robin is a bird. Like other birds, a robin is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\n The answer is D.", "21020": "Assistant: LECTURE: A fact is something that can be proved true by research or observation.\nGeorge Washington became president of the United States in 1789.\nThis statement is a fact. It can be proved by researching what year George Washington was inaugurated president.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion can be supported by evidence, but it cannot be proved true.\nGeorge Washington was a better president than Thomas Jefferson.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" president, so the statement cannot be proved.\nSOLUTION: The first sentence states a fact.\nAustralia is a continent in the Southern Hemisphere.\nIt can be proved by finding Australia on a world map.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nIt is hard to understand Australian people's accents.\nHard shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how hard it is to understand Australian accents.\n The answer is B.", "21025": "Assistant: LECTURE: Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\nSOLUTION: To decide whether picking apples is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs picking apples something you can touch? No.\nIs picking apples a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, picking apples is a service.\n The answer is B.", "21041": "Assistant: SOLUTION: The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.\n The answer is A.", "21044": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.\n The answer is D.", "21048": "Assistant: LECTURE: Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.\n The answer is A.", "21052": "Assistant: SOLUTION: A flower smells good.\nA flower can come in many colors.\nA flower grows in a garden.\n The answer is A.", "21053": "Assistant: LECTURE: An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.\nA permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.\nThe function of a protein depends on its structure. So, if a mutation in a gene changes a protein's structure, the mutation may also change the protein's function.\nAn organism's observable traits are affected by the functions of its proteins. So, a gene mutation that affects a protein's function may also affect an organism's observable traits.\nSOLUTION: A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.\nSo, the mutation in the KRT13 gene affected the structure and function of the keratin protein.\n The answer is A.", "21062": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that the school's Advanced Computer Science class is responsible for students majoring in computer science. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, students might major in computer science because they enjoy the subject. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\n The answer is C.", "21063": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Dominica.\n The answer is D.", "21064": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Carson City is the capital of Nevada.\n The answer is A.", "21070": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Africa.\n The answer is B.", "21076": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\n The answer is A.", "21083": "Assistant: LECTURE: There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\nSOLUTION: The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\n The answer is B.", "21087": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. South Carolina is farthest east.\n The answer is D.", "21090": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Antigua and Barbuda.\n The answer is D.", "21117": "Assistant: LECTURE: Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n The answer is A.", "21121": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Olympia is the capital of Washington.\n The answer is D.", "21128": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the text carefully.\nWhere Nicole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Nicole lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\n The answer is B.", "21133": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in balloons is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: Helium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nHelium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\n The answer is A.", "21135": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\nSOLUTION: To determine if there is a net force on Kimi, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Kimi down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Kimi up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kimi.\n The answer is A.", "21136": "Assistant: LECTURE: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.\nSOLUTION: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.\n The answer is B.", "21137": "Assistant: SOLUTION: Austin is the capital of Texas.\n The answer is B.", "21140": "Assistant: LECTURE: Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nSOLUTION: A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\n The answer is A.", "21144": "Assistant: LECTURE: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\nSOLUTION: Read the passage carefully.\nIt was clear and sunny yesterday on the Croatian coast.\nThis passage tells you about the cloud cover on the Croatian coast yesterday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\n The answer is A.", "21146": "Assistant: LECTURE: Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\nSOLUTION: Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\n The answer is D.", "21147": "Assistant: LECTURE: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\nSOLUTION: The text argues that there are two types of students: good students who will study the material regardless of whether there is a test, and bad students who won't study the material even for a test. However, these two types of students are not exhaustive. There may be other reasons why good students don't study the material for a test. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\n The answer is B.", "21149": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This state is Ohio.\n The answer is A.", "21153": "Assistant: LECTURE: Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\nSOLUTION: Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nDale was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Dale, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Dale.\n The answer is A.", "21159": "Assistant: LECTURE: A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\nSOLUTION: The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nJoel took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n The answer is A.", "21166": "Assistant: LECTURE: Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.\nSOLUTION: Chocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.\n The answer is B.", "21189": "Assistant: SOLUTION: This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis.\n The answer is B.", "21191": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is North America.\n The answer is A.", "21192": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is South America.\n The answer is B.", "21195": "Assistant: LECTURE: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\nSOLUTION: Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince peach is between the guide words pad - poison, it would be found on that page.\n The answer is B.", "21196": "Assistant: LECTURE: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.\nSOLUTION: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Illinois is farthest west.\n The answer is B.", "21199": "Assistant: LECTURE: A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.\nSOLUTION: This continent is Europe.\n The answer is B.", "21200": "Assistant: LECTURE: A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.\nSOLUTION: The bulldozer pushes the loose dirt away from itself. The direction of the push is away from the bulldozer.\n The answer is A.", "21206": "Assistant: LECTURE: A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\nSOLUTION: This book explains the difference between cattle and buffalo is a complete sentence. The subject is this book, and the verb is explains.\n The answer is B." } } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/results/test_sqa_llava_lcs_558k_sqa_12e_vicuna_v1_3_13b.json ================================================ { "acc": 91.08700778118369, "correct": 3863, "count": 4241, "results": { "4": 1, "5": 1, "11": 1, "15": 1, "22": 1, "23": 0, "26": 0, "27": 1, "29": 3, "42": 3, "46": 2, "47": 3, "51": 0, "61": 1, "62": 3, "78": 1, "85": 1, "86": 0, "87": 0, "92": 2, "93": 0, "95": 0, "96": 0, "111": 3, "121": 3, "126": 1, "128": 1, "133": 0, "139": 1, "140": 3, "142": 0, "145": 1, "149": 0, "155": 1, "156": 1, "158": 1, "161": 1, "163": 2, "167": 0, "170": 0, "172": 2, "176": 0, "180": 1, "182": 1, "183": 0, "184": 0, "188": 0, "193": 1, "196": 1, "198": 0, "209": 3, "210": 2, "214": 0, "230": 0, "232": 1, "234": 2, "237": 0, "266": 0, "269": 2, "271": 0, "272": 0, "275": 1, "280": 1, "282": 0, "286": 1, "288": 0, "292": 1, "293": 2, 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"21159": 0, "21166": 1, "21189": 1, "21191": 0, "21192": 1, "21195": 0, "21196": 1, "21199": 1, "21200": 0, "21206": 1 }, "outputs": { "4": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nSing, O goddess is a direct address to the goddess Athena, who is not actually present in the room. The answer is B.", "5": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "11": "The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "15": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dozen is between the guide words daddy - definition, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "22": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stockade is between the guide words shot - suit, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "23": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the mushroom starts from the coral fungus. The only arrow pointing to the coral fungus starts from the lichen. The answer is A.", "26": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 33 minutes.\n33 hours is too slow. The answer is A.", "27": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic. The answer is B.", "29": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "42": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a woolly fleece or a hairy fleece, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fleece type trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for a hairy fleece, is dominant over the f allele, which is for a woolly fleece.\nA woolly fleece is the recessive allele's version of the fleece type trait. A sheep with the recessive version of the fleece type trait must have only recessive alleles for the fleece type gene. So, offspring with a woolly fleece must have the genotype ff.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. This box is highlighted below.\nA hairy fleece is the dominant allele's version of the fleece type trait. A sheep with the dominant version of the fleece type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fleece type gene. So, offspring with a hairy fleece must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype FF or Ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a woolly fleece to offspring with a hairy fleece is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with a woolly fleece for every 3 offspring with a hairy fleece. The answer is D.", "46": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The ball of wet clay is slippery, but the crown is not.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The crown is shiny, but the ball of wet clay and the car bumper are not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is opaque. The answer is C.", "47": "People believed that World War I would be over quickly.\nThe war started in 1914 and lasted until 1918. It was one of the longest wars in history. The answer is D.", "51": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "61": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is B.", "62": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "78": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that Jupiter is the largest planet and that Jupiter is made mainly of gas. So, the largest planet is made mainly of gas. The answer is B.", "85": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe copepod has an arrow pointing to it from the golden algae. The golden algae is a producer, so the copepod is a primary consumer.\nThe black crappie has arrows pointing to it from the water flea and the rotifer. The water flea and the rotifer are producers, so the black crappie is a primary consumer.\nThe bacteria do not have any arrows pointing to them. So, the bacteria are not primary consumers.\nThe green algae does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the green algae is not a primary consumer. The answer is B.", "86": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "87": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Daintree rain forest has year-round rain. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is A.", "92": "Dover is the capital of Delaware. The answer is C.", "93": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "95": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest north. The answer is A.", "96": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince itch is between the guide words imitate - iron, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "111": "Greta wanted broccoli in her lunch and Allie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nGreta has tomatoes. Allie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "121": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is D.", "126": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince streak is not between the guide words serpent - skirt, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "128": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "133": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. An oak tree is a plant. It can have thick branches.\nAcorns grow on oak trees. Acorns are small nuts with a seed inside.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are also known as killer whales. Orcas live in groups called pods. The answer is A.", "139": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. A prudent leader has a more positive connotation. Prudent and cowardly are not close in meaning. A prudent leader is a careful leader. The answer is B.", "140": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is D.", "142": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bruise is not between the guide words blush - buffalo, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "145": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 45\u00b0F.\n45\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "149": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A Chinese alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA grass frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. The answer is A.", "155": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor all religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree suggests that all religions, arts, and sciences are related. Each branch is different, but they are all part of the same tree. The answer is B.", "156": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "158": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the path.\nThe path is made of brick. The answer is B.", "161": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. The answer is B.", "163": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words wife and hide rhyme. They both end with the ive sound.\nThe word life does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "167": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 100. So, the temperature is 100\u00b0F. The answer is A.", "170": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The toothpaste is sticky, but the soccer shorts and the toothbrush are not.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The soccer shorts and the toothbrush are hard, but the toothpaste is not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue. The answer is A.", "172": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 4 kilometers.\n4 millimeters, 4 centimeters, and 4 meters are all too short. The answer is C.", "176": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince guess is between the guide words garage - goose, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "180": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is B.", "182": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is B.", "183": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has two alleles for a tall stem (H). So, the plant's genotype for the stem height gene is HH. The answer is A.", "184": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The melted marshmallow is not stretchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The melted marshmallow is not blue. The answer is A.", "188": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Darnel is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Darnel. The answer is A.", "193": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a warm grilled cheese sandwich is 55\u00b0C.\n55\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "196": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 5 kilometers.\n5 meters is too short. The answer is B.", "198": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Rafflesia arnoldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is A.", "209": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with smooth fruit or fuzzy fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit texture trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for smooth fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for fuzzy fruit.\nSmooth fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit texture trait. A tomato plant with the dominant version of the fruit texture trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit texture gene. So, offspring with smooth fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.\nFuzzy fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit texture trait. A tomato plant with the recessive version of the fruit texture trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit texture gene. So, offspring with fuzzy fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with smooth fruit to offspring with fuzzy fruit is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with smooth fruit. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with fuzzy fruit. The answer is D.", "210": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nDry ice sublimating is a physical change. But burning a marshmallow is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. But dry ice sublimating is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "214": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 139\u00b0F meatball is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "230": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Lion and the Mouse**. The answer is A.", "232": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nDust particles around nine nearby stars may have been caused by long-ago collisions between melting comets and asteroids. The answer is B.", "234": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "237": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "266": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nMia is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is A.", "269": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA chinchilla is a mammal. Like other mammals, a chinchilla is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is C.", "271": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is A.", "272": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 100\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 85\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "275": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "280": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "282": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Indian Ocean. The answer is A.", "286": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe Yasuni National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. It has mostly small plants. The answer is B.", "288": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. None of the objects are yellow.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fragile. The answer is A.", "292": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jordan wants or needs:\nJordan will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the chrysanthemums. The answer is B.", "293": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "298": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e The word me ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable. The answer is A.", "301": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A pink-backed pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus rufescens.\nPelecanus rufescens has the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nBalearica pavonina does not have the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Balearica pavonina are not in the same species.\nTyto alba does not have the same scientific name as a pink-backed pelican. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Tyto alba are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "305": "Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. The answer is B.", "315": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Lacey thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds. The answer is B.", "319": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nCast a gloom over the evening is an understatement, since the Grim Reaper has just made a visit. The answer is A.", "324": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "325": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "330": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is C.", "332": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf.\nThis Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe common hawk-cuckoo has a gray head, a gray-and-brown back, and a white belly with a gray-and-brown pattern. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is A.", "333": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering. The answer is A.", "337": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Goliath heron's scientific name is Ardea goliath. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nTigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma. The first word of its scientific name is Tigrisoma. So, Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ardea goliath are not in the same genus.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Ardea goliath are in the same genus.\nFalco sparverius is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco sparverius and Ardea goliath are not in the same genus. The answer is B.", "338": "This country is Saint Lucia. The answer is C.", "342": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "345": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nWhen the supervisor arrived at the quarry, six dump trucks were in line at the gate. The answer is B.", "348": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 26\u00b0C.\n26\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is A.", "363": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is bumpier. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel lumpy and bumpy. The answer is A.", "366": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Fromia monilis is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms. The answer is B.", "374": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nTambor Beach is located in Costa Rica, a country in Central America. A temperature of 84\u00b0F was measured at Tambor Beach on Friday.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature measured at Tambor Beach on Friday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "383": "Writers can organize their ideas in different ways. These ways of organizing writing are called text structures. When you can tell how a text is organized, it's easier to understand how the writer's ideas go together. You can also use these text structures to organize your own writing.\n | Text structure | Where you might find it | Words and phrases to look for\nA sequential structure tells you about events that happen in a certain order. | a recipe for how to make a blueberry pie | first, until, second, after, next, then, before, finally, during\nA cause-effect structure shows the causes and the effects, or results, of an event. | an essay about how recycling helps the environment | because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason\nA problem-solution structure explains a problem and offers possible solutions. | an article about ways to get more people to vote | issue, suggest, question, puzzle, fix, answer\nA compare-contrast structure shows how two (or more) things are the same or different. | a chapter about the differences between whales and sharks | like, unlike, too, on the other hand, both, while, same, instead, common, different, as well as, however\nA descriptive structure tells you a list of details about an object, scene, or topic. | a paragraph about what Tyrannosaurus rex looked like| for example, near, for instance beside, such as, most important, also The text uses a cause-effect structure to show the effects of watching too much television. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a cause-effect structure. Notice the words too much, results, and take away. The answer is B.", "387": "This country is Nauru. The answer is D.", "389": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by triggering fear of the discomforts of cold. The answer is B.", "392": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Pablo is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "402": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the orange oakleaf butterfly.\nThe orange oakleaf butterfly has a brown leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Surinam horned frog has a brown, leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color.\nThe strawberry poison frog has bright red skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves. The answer is B.", "404": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet. The answer is B.", "406": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "415": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "427": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "433": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nature is between the guide words neither - nuisance, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "440": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness. The answer is A.", "445": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is A.", "453": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is B.", "456": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe tired boy was a slow turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe tired boy was as slow as a turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared using the word as. The answer is A.", "457": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "460": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down. The answer is A.", "466": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable. The answer is A.", "469": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "470": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is C.", "509": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Argema mittrei is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Argema mittrei is the scientific name. The answer is B.", "512": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "515": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The track suit is stretchy, but the water slide and the car bumper are not.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is smooth. The answer is A.", "517": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "519": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north. The answer is D.", "522": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "532": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to go for a walk with a dog is 13 minutes.\n13 seconds is too fast. The answer is B.", "533": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "534": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the drop of honey with more thermal energy has a higher temperature. The answer is B.", "536": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the flamingo.\nLong legs help the flamingo keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian spoonbill has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe kookaburra has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The kookaburra uses its legs to walk and perch. The answer is B.", "539": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Martha lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThe passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Martha lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "541": "Sandstone forms from layers of sand. Sand is a type of sediment. It is found in places like deserts.\nSand is a type of sediment. Sediments are pieces of rock that have been broken down into smaller pieces. Some sediments, such as sand, are deposited in places like riverbeds. Other sediments, such as rocks, are formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock.\nSandstone is a rock that forms from layers of sand. The answer is A.", "543": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words wife and life rhyme. They both end with the ive sound.\nThe word swim does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is B.", "550": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Hari's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Hari's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for a spotted coat. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Hari's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nHari's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat. The answer is B.", "552": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities. The answer is A.", "554": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 155\u00b0F mug of cocoa is hotter than the 115\u00b0F mug of cocoa, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "557": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Ken, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Ken down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Ken up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Ken. The answer is B.", "573": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million dollars is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that a laptop could possibly cost a million dollars. The answer is B.", "576": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Each force acts on an object in a certain direction. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, they are called opposing forces. Find the direction Rusty pulls on the toy.\nTwo dogs, Rusty and Coco, play with a toy. Think about two of the forces that act on the toy:\nCoco pulls toward herself.\nRusty pulls away from Coco.\nThe text tells you that Rusty pulls away from Coco. The opposite direction is toward Coco. So, the direction of the opposing force is toward Coco. The answer is B.", "577": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is C.", "584": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is C.", "593": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 18 miles.\n18 inches and 18 yards are both too short. The answer is C.", "595": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the backpack that is heavier.\nA backpack carrying 9 pounds is heavier than a backpack carrying 6 pounds. So, the backpack carrying 9 pounds needs to be pulled with a larger force to start rolling at the same speed as the other backpack. The answer is A.", "600": "Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4 The answer is A.", "603": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is B.", "605": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "612": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nAbby was surprised when the article said that at least one-third of American adults get less than seven hours of sleep each night. The answer is B.", "614": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince radio is between the guide words rescue - road, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "616": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans can hear many different sounds. Hearing is an inherited trait.\nChildren do not need to learn how to hear. They are born knowing how to hear. The answer is A.", "617": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a pot of boiling water is 100\u00b0C.\n100\u00b0F is too hot. The answer is B.", "621": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "627": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of hydrogen is composed of one hydrogen atom. So, hydrogen is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "632": "The colony is South Carolina. The answer is B.", "640": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The answer is C.", "641": "When a person's body is damaged, the body can often heal itself. But sometimes, disease or injury can cause damage that is too severe to heal. When a limb is too severely damaged to heal, it may need to be amputated, or removed.\nFor example, a doctor can treat an infected limb with medicine. But if the infection does not go away, it can spread to the rest of the person's body. To stop the infection from spreading, the infected limb may need to be amputated.\nIn other cases, when a limb is badly injured, the skin, bones, muscles, and nerves may be severely damaged. If the damaged tissue cannot heal, it may die. The severely damaged or dead tissue then needs to be amputated.\nAfter an accident, the limb is too badly injured to heal.\nThe limb has healed from a serious disease. The answer is A.", "645": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is B.", "667": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "670": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is C.", "671": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nCouldn't find the time means couldn't find his missing watch. The answer is B.", "674": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is B.", "686": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is B.", "689": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNever say never at first appears to be contradictory: by saying the phrase itself, you have already said never. However, it contains some truth: people often change their minds as they age and so should not rule anything out by saying never. The answer is A.", "691": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "693": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "694": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 22\u00b0F.\n22\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "730": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe three-toed sloth has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe sea turtle has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The sea turtle uses its flippers to swim underwater. The answer is A.", "734": "When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed) When a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine, the tapeworm gets a safe place to live and grow. So, the tapeworm benefits from its relationship with the rat.\nThe rat is weakened by the tapeworm's attachment. So, the rat is harmed by its relationship with the tapeworm.\nSince the tapeworm benefits and the rat is harmed, a parasitic relationship is formed when a rat tapeworm attaches itself to a rat's intestine. The answer is A.", "739": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 135\u00b0C block is hotter than the 110\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "741": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "751": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The wet glue is not salty.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The wet glue is not scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky. The answer is C.", "752": "A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nA living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web.\nA living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web. Decomposers help break down dead living things into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other living things grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another living thing to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another living thing.\nThe kelp has arrows pointing from it. So, the kelp is not a decomposer.\nThe bat star does not have arrows pointing from it to other living things. So, the bat star is a decomposer. The answer is B.", "754": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of marble match the properties of a rock. So, marble is a rock. The answer is A.", "763": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether ethane is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of ethane is composed of eight hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that ethane is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and carbon. Since ethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethane is a compound. The answer is B.", "764": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "769": "Mix doesn't belong.\nStir, chop, and blend all name ways to mix things together. The answer is D.", "781": "Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "785": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Gavia immer is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Gavia immer is the scientific name. The answer is A.", "788": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west. The answer is D.", "795": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "814": "People do not have to live with an amputated limb. They can still do many things, including walking, cooking, and even playing sports. The answer is B.", "816": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pink is between the guide words parrot - property, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "824": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nRonald shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nRonald shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "827": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The paper and the glass are not slippery.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. All three objects are yellow.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is yellow. The answer is C.", "828": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Cape Breton Highlands National Park ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. It has many evergreen trees. The following statement does not describe Cape Breton Highlands National Park: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is B.", "834": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "840": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nor is between the guide words nap - neither, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "841": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the short-tailed weasel starts from the brown lemming. The only arrow pointing to the brown lemming starts from the bilberry. The bilberry does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the short-tailed weasel.There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the rough-legged hawk: lichen->barren-ground caribou->rough-legged hawk. lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->rough-legged hawk. brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bilberry and the bear sedge. The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the brown lemming.. There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the bilberry: lichen->barren-ground caribou->bilberry. The answer is E.", "843": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "845": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word complained. It describes the washing machine as if it were a grumpy, overworked person. The answer is A.", "849": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "851": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bryant wants or needs:\nBryant will spend more money. Plane tickets for Bryant to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Iowa. The answer is A.", "856": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. McDowell's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the scooter.\nWhen Becky parked her scooter next to Mr. McDowell's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire. The answer is B.", "865": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the common nighthawk.\nThe common nighthawk has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects. The common nighthawk uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe barn swallow has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The hanging parrot uses its beak to eat fruit and seeds. The answer is A.", "868": "Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.\nAmericans celebrate Benjamin Franklin's birthday on January 17. This is because he was born on January 17, 1706. The answer is D.", "878": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCrustaceans have the following traits:\nThey have two pairs of antennae.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA blue crab has the following traits:\nIt has two pairs of antennae.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nA blue crab has the traits of a crustacean. A blue crab is a crustacean.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt does not have two pairs of antennae.\nIt does not have an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm does not have the traits of a crustacean. An earthworm is a roundworm. The answer is B.", "879": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "880": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is D.", "886": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is D.", "888": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "898": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of dolerite match the properties of a rock. So, dolerite is a rock. The answer is B.", "900": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is B.", "901": "The United States has a system of government called federalism. This system is based on the idea that the government of the United States is a union of states. Each state has its own government, and the governments of the states work together to form the government of the United States.\nIn the United States, there are two types of government. The national government, or federal government, is responsible for protecting the rights of the people of the United States. The state governments are responsible for dealing with local issues.\nThe national government has a court system called the federal court system. The federal court system works with the state court systems to decide cases that involve federal law.\nThe judicial branch of the United States is made up of the federal court system. The federal court system has many different courts. The highest court in the federal court system is the Supreme Court.\nThe Supreme Court has the final say in deciding which cases the court will hear. The Supreme Court has the final say in deciding which cases are appealed to it. The Supreme Court has the final say in deciding which cases are decided in the federal court system.\nThe answer is B.", "905": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mia wants or needs:\nMia will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about. The answer is A.", "908": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Cara barely made it to the train station in time. The answer is B.", "909": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "913": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "916": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The second sentence states a fact.\nFelipe VI is the king of Spain.\nIt can be proved by looking at a picture of the Spanish royal family or by reading a news article about the king.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIt is bad for a country to have a king or queen.\nBad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is bad or not. The answer is B.", "918": "Austen wanted broccoli in his lunch and Naomi was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nAusten has tomatoes. Naomi has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is B.", "923": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Icarus is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Icarus's father Daedalus built wings for his son but warned him not to fly too high. Too excited to heed his father's advice, Icarus flew so close to the sun that his wings melted and he fell from the sky.\nThe allusion Icarus means an overconfident person who ignores his or her limitations. The answer is B.", "926": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "932": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "936": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight. The answer is B.", "945": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Consumers eat other organisms. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other organisms to consumers.\nThe lichen has arrows pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou and the mushroom. So, the lichen is a consumer.\nThe mushroom has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. So, the mushroom is a consumer.\nThe grizzly bear has an arrow pointing to it from the bilberry. The bilberry does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the grizzly bear is not a consumer. The answer is B.", "952": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is B.", "953": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels is a complete sentence. The subject is a giant, and the verb is hid. The answer is A.", "957": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 15\u00b0F.\n15\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "962": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer. The answer is A.", "964": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "971": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nClasps, crooked, close, sun, and lands alliterate. The answer is B.", "973": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that nuclear power plants are a threat to the stability and safety of the world because they use fission. However, the fact that nuclear power plants use fission doesn't necessarily mean that they are a threat. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "982": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two basketballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter basketball has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "991": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "993": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nIt was partly cloudy in the Canary Islands last Tuesday.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds in the Canary Islands on Tuesday. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "1002": "This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve. The answer is A.", "1004": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Adventures of Chuck and Friends. The answer is A.", "1009": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "1014": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is C.", "1029": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is A.", "1041": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is C.", "1043": "Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food. In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The yucca moth in this food chain eats the yucca plant. The answer is B.", "1044": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant. The answer is A.", "1049": "Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky. The answer is B.", "1050": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes\nPolytrichum commune is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis. The answer is A.", "1056": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a slice of banana turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "1064": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nWoodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food.\nA brown tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. The answer is A.", "1079": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "1082": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Fresno Bee. The answer is A.", "1083": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words job and sob rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word bib does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is A.", "1088": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that city people are rude, because the speaker went to a city and found that people were rude. However, this isn't necessarily true. The behavior of a few people in a city does not necessarily reflect the behavior of all people in the city. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization. The answer is C.", "1089": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "1093": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "1095": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "1098": "The Sixth Amendment says that all criminal trials must be speedy and public. It also says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to get help from a lawyer. A lawyer is a person trained in the law. If someone cannot afford to hire a lawyer, the government will pay for one. Usually these lawyers are called public defenders. There are more than 15,000 public defenders in the United States. They defend people in millions of criminal cases every year. Part of the text of the Sixth Amendment is below. Notice the phrases \"speedy and public trial\" and \"assistance of counsel.\" Does the text mention any other rules for trials? In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed. . .and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. The answer is C.", "1113": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Blossom's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Blossom's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blossom's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nBlossom's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat. The answer is B.", "1114": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to slide down a slide is 3 seconds.\n3 minutes is too slow. The answer is A.", "1123": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. Use the model to determine whether beryllium is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that green represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Be. So, the model shows you that beryllium is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that beryllium is composed of only one chemical element. So, beryllium is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "1128": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. An ivy is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves.\nIvy grows up trees and can climb using its leaves.\nA water buffalo is an animal. It eats plants.\nWater buffalo live near water. They can live near rivers or swamps.\nA hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants.\nHippopotamuses keep cool in the mud.\nAn alligator is an animal. It eats animals.\nAlligators hunt in the night. They wait in the water and grab their prey with their jaws. The answer is B.", "1131": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "1134": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 4 tons.\n4 ounces and 4 pounds are both too light. The answer is C.", "1135": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "1137": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "1139": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "1153": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 13 gallons.\n13 fluid ounces and 13 cups are both too little. The answer is A.", "1165": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is B.", "1174": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince come is between the guide words clover - cry, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "1179": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nTisha's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nTisha's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "1203": "When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. This organism's scientific name refers to P. M. A. Morelet, the French naturalist who first identified the crocodile in 1850.\nThe word moreletii refers to P. M. A. Morelet. So, the Morelet's crocodile's scientific name is Crocodylus moreletii. The answer is A.", "1206": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden. The answer is A.", "1208": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the flower vase.\nThe flower vase is made of glass.\nGlass is a clear, breakable material. Some clear materials are water and a clear type of plastic. Look around the house for things that are made of glass.\nA glass bottle is a common item. Many people recycle glass bottles.\nThere are also glass bowls and glass plates. The answer is B.", "1211": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "1212": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "1221": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A trapdoor spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other spiders, a trapdoor spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA birdwing butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a birdwing butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA wombat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a wombat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA forest scorpion is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is D.", "1222": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "1223": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The answer is D.", "1224": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The paper notebook is not translucent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is opaque. The answer is B.", "1226": "Look at the table and images.\nTurner wants broccoli. Mona wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "1228": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The fish bowl is transparent.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The fish bowl is not stretchy. The answer is B.", "1231": "This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. The answer is B.", "1232": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "1234": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince slide is between the guide words satisfy - suggest, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "1237": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brilliant is between the guide words bookcase - burden, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "1244": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nBlue Nile Falls is in Ethiopia. The winds in this part of Africa usually blow from the southeast.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Ethiopia. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "1247": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the egg carton.\nThe egg carton is made of styrofoam.\nStyrofoam is a strong material that keeps the eggs from breaking. The answer is B.", "1251": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is D.", "1252": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Jim is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "1253": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "1259": "This country is Tuvalu. The answer is C.", "1268": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "1269": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. None of the objects are blue.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny. The answer is A.", "1281": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is A.", "1282": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 3\u00b0C.\n3\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is A.", "1286": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "1289": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Louisiana is farthest east. The answer is B.", "1301": "This country is Cuba.\nDoes Cuba have any territorial disputes?\nCuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year. The answer is B.", "1304": "To describe the average temperature trends in Rome, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in July and August are around 23\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the hottest months on average. The answer is B.", "1309": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is B.", "1314": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Pygmalion is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a woman he had sculpted.\nThe allusion Pygmalion means a person who is overly fond of a particular person. The answer is A.", "1315": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the cougar.\nThe cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The cougar uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe tiger has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe marmot has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The marmot uses its mouth to eat grass and plants. The answer is A.", "1320": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "1326": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is A.", "1338": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Gina must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Gina's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Gina does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "1339": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "1340": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, harm. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "1355": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. The answer is A.", "1359": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is C.", "1360": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that video games caused an increase in computer science PhDs. However, this isn't necessarily true. The popularity of video games may have contributed to the increase, but there may have been other factors at work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is C.", "1370": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Pigs Is Pigs.\" The answer is B.", "1378": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "1382": "This country is Palau. The answer is A.", "1387": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is C.", "1389": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The answer is D.", "1392": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe green algae does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the green algae is a decomposer.\nThe water mold has arrows pointing from it. So, the water mold is not a decomposer.\nThe golden algae does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the golden algae is a decomposer.\nThe rotter has arrows pointing from it. So, the rotter is not a decomposer. The answer is A.", "1395": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A chameleon is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nChameleons eat insects. They use their long, sticky tongues to catch their prey.\nA giant water lily is a plant. It can grow big flowers.\nGiant water lilies grow in the Amazon river in South America. The answer is B.", "1396": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA salmon has the following traits:\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nA salmon does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A salmon is a fish.\nA common snapping turtle has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common snapping turtle has the traits of a reptile. A common snapping turtle is a reptile. The answer is A.", "1400": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor.\nCastor fiber is in the genus Castor. The first word of its scientific name is Castor. So, Castor fiber and Castor canadensis are in the same genus.\nGoura scheepmakeri is in the genus Goura. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. So, Goura scheepmakeri and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nCervus canadensis and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Cervus canadensis and Castor canadensis have the same species name within their genus, canadensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Cervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus, and Castor canadensis is in the genus Castor. The answer is B.", "1411": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 45\u00b0C.\n45\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "1412": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic hare has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is A.", "1421": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "1431": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is B.", "1445": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "1454": "When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed) When a bristle worm lives on a white sea urchin, the worm benefits from the spines' protection. So, a commensal relationship is formed. The answer is B.", "1463": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two baked potatoes have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the baked potato with more mass has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "1468": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Kinsley's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all. The answer is B.", "1469": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 25 centimeters.\n25 meters is too long. The answer is A.", "1473": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Joe Di Maggio or Willie Mays.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Mays.\nAccording to Rebecca, Willie Mays hit 660 career home runs, although Joe DiMaggio had a higher batting average. She said that Mays is her favorite player. The answer is A.", "1477": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nLimestone is a rock.\nA brick is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, a brick is not a rock.\nGranodiorite is a rock. The answer is B.", "1491": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "1501": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. He won't get lost I will give him directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: He won't get lost and I will give him directions. The answer is B.", "1503": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rubber duck and the ball of wet clay are not rough.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. All three objects are yellow.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The rubber duck and the ball of wet clay are not sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is yellow. The answer is B.", "1514": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "1515": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east. The answer is A.", "1518": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Carcharodon carcharias is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Carcharodon carcharias is the scientific name. The answer is A.", "1526": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average. The answer is C.", "1529": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "1531": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two mugs of cider are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cider with less thermal energy has a lower temperature. The answer is A.", "1532": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. An olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nAn American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nA western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nGorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader. The answer is C.", "1533": "A pet is an animal.\nA pet lives with people.\nYou have to feed a pet. The answer is A.", "1540": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Ms. Thompson thinks algebra is useless because she would let students take statistics instead. However, Ms. Thompson only claimed that students should be allowed to take statistics instead of algebra. She did not suggest that algebra is a useless subject. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is C.", "1550": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "1551": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "1558": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is A.", "1569": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "1571": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure, whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse. The answer is A.", "1572": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "1582": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is C.", "1584": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "1586": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Missouri is farthest south. The answer is A.", "1590": "The city is Nashville, Tennessee. Oklahoma City, Miami, and Atlanta are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is C.", "1592": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Zeke's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Zeke's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job. The answer is B.", "1598": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "1605": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A poem should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Mountain and the Squirrel.\" The answer is A.", "1606": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beauty is between the guide words blame - bunk, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "1608": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Jasper won the school costume contest, his mom felt proud is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Jasper won the school costume contest and His mom felt proud. The answer is B.", "1612": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shred is between the guide words slate - strong, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "1615": "The answer is D.", "1618": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "1621": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nWater evaporating is a physical change. But baking cookies is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. But water evaporating from a puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "1626": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 12 ounces.\n12 pounds and 12 tons are both too heavy. The answer is C.", "1628": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the bat star.\nThe only arrow pointing from the sea otter leads to the orca. The only arrow pointing from the orca leads to the sea cucumber. No arrows point from the sea cucumber to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the sea otter to the bat star.\nThe only arrow pointing from the phytoplankton leads to the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing from the zooplankton leads to the plainfin midshipman. No arrows point from the plainfin midshipman to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the bat star. There is one path matter can take from the sea cucumber to the bat star: sea cucumber->sea otter->orca->bat star. There is one path matter can take from the zooplankton to the bat star: zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->bat star. The answer is A.", "1632": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince other is not between the guide words occur - oil, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "1633": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "1637": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information. The answer is B.", "1640": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is A.", "1650": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Laura Ellis is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though things declined after Ellis became vice president of the parent-teacher association, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused the downturn. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is B.", "1654": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of an eraser is 2 ounces.\n2 pounds and 2 tons are both too heavy. The answer is B.", "1669": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "1672": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "1674": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n To decide which four planets are the smallest, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. The volumes of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars have the smallest exponents. So, these four planets are the smallest.\nThese four planets are made mainly of rock. So, of the four smallest planets, none are made mainly of gas. The answer is A.", "1696": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is A.", "1702": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "1703": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nThe links below will take you to pages that describe each change in more detail.\nErosion caused by wind: \nIce melting in a cup: \nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But erosion is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "1708": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Scarlett has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is A.", "1714": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a normal-sized body or a dwarf body, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the body size trait. The question tells you that the b allele, which is for a dwarf body, is recessive to the B allele, which is for a normal-sized body.\nA normal-sized body is the dominant allele's version of the body size trait. A rat with the dominant version of the body size trait must have at least one dominant allele for the body size gene. So, offspring with a normal-sized body must have the genotype BB or Bb.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype BB or Bb.\nA dwarf body is the recessive allele's version of the body size trait. A rat with the recessive version of the body size trait must have only recessive alleles for the body size gene. So, offspring with a dwarf body must have the genotype bb.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype bb.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a normal-sized body to offspring with a dwarf body is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with a normal-sized body. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with a dwarf body. The answer is B.", "1717": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 100 grams.\n100 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is A.", "1719": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nPenguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous. The answer is C.", "1721": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C bottle of water is colder than the 20\u00b0C bottle of water, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "1723": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Alvin's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Alvin's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job. The answer is A.", "1729": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, invited. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is A.", "1738": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.\nEmma took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer. The answer is A.", "1752": "Look at the table and images.\nClara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "1757": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.\nIn a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.\nThe allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return. The answer is B.", "1760": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The dill pickle is not stretchy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour.\nThe property that both objects have in common is sour. The answer is A.", "1762": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "1765": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "1769": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "1773": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "1774": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "1779": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "1784": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "1803": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "1816": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Omnivores are consumers that eat both producers and other consumers. So, an omnivore has arrows pointing to it from at least one producer and at least one consumer.\nThe silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is not an omnivore.\nThe gray fox has an arrow pointing to it from the persimmon tree, which is a producer. The gray fox also has an arrow pointing to it from the swallowtail caterpillar, which is a consumer. The gray fox eats a producer and a consumer, so it is an omnivore.\nThe black racer has an arrow pointing to it from the pine vole, which is a consumer. The black racer also has an arrow pointing to it from the persimmon tree, which is a producer. The black racer eats a producer and a consumer, so it is an omnivore.\nThe black bear has an arrow pointing to it from the persimmon tree, which is a producer. The black bear also has arrows pointing to it from the swallowtail caterpillar and the beaver, which are consumers. The black bear eats a producer and consumers, so it is an omnivore.\nThe black bear is an omnivore. It eats both producers and consumers. The answer is D.", "1829": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAfter a parrotfish eats algae-covered coral, the coral travels through the fish's digestive system, and then it is deposited in the reef as white coral sand. The answer is A.", "1848": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "1857": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. All four objects are opaque.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ball of wet clay is fragile, but the metal nail, the tin foil, and the bottle are not.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The tin foil is smooth, but the ball of wet clay is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is opaque. The answer is A.", "1874": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "1878": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction. The mango is remaining motionless. So, the mango has a constant velocity. The answer is A.", "1879": "Look at the table and images.\nReid wants broccoli. Daniel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "1883": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ceramic mug is fragile.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The ceramic mug is not flexible. The answer is B.", "1888": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Hampton College is better than Greenpoint University because Hampton College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is C.", "1891": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Circles the date on her wall calendar is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is B.", "1894": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 14 millimeters.\n14 centimeters, 14 meters, and 14 kilometers are all too long. The answer is B.", "1907": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "1908": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Nicole's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Nicole's foot. The answer is B.", "1914": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "1916": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The lime is not blue.\nThe property that both objects have in common is sour. The answer is A.", "1921": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Minnie's observable version of the whisker type trait is straight whiskers. So, Minnie's phenotype for the whisker type trait is straight whiskers. The answer is B.", "1926": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "1936": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The sled dog team pulls the sled. The direction of the pull is toward the sled dog team. The answer is B.", "1939": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. However, even though one seafood restaurant was overpriced, that doesn't necessarily mean that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization. The answer is A.", "1940": "This state is Indiana. The answer is D.", "1941": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wealthy is between the guide words wand - what, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "1948": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring last night's thunderstorm, a flurry of tiny hailstones danced across the roof of our house.\nThe second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nDuring last night's thunderstorm, a flurry of tiny hailstones danced across the roof of our house. The answer is C.", "1949": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution. The answer is C.", "1950": "Christianity and Judaism originated in the same region of the world. Both religions began in the Middle East. The answer is B.", "1951": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is D.", "1952": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the scarlet macaw.\nThe scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The scarlet macaw uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe African gray parrot has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts.\nThe white-tipped sicklebill has a long, thin, curved beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The white-tipped sicklebill uses its beak to drink nectar out of long flowers. The answer is A.", "1955": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "1974": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is A.", "1976": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The answer is D.", "1977": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a watering can is 24 cups.\n24 fluid ounces is too little and 24 gallons is too much. The answer is A.", "1979": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is B.", "1985": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 27 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 26 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 27 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller. The answer is A.", "2005": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is C.", "2007": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Sphalerite has all the properties of a mineral. So, sphalerite is a mineral. The answer is B.", "2009": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 154\u00b0F cup of black tea is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is B.", "2015": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Eurasian beaver's scientific name is Castor fiber.\nOvis canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, Castor fiber and Ovis canadensis are not in the same species.\nLontra canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, Castor fiber and Lontra canadensis are not in the same species.\nCastor fiber has the same scientific name as a Eurasian beaver. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "2018": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Chapman or her assistant.\nMrs. Chapman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Chapman told her assistant to book a flight to Livingston immediately. The answer is A.", "2028": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A snowy owl's scientific name is Bubo scandiacus.\nPelecanus erythrorhynchos does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Pelecanus erythrorhynchos are not in the same species.\nArdea herodias does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Ardea herodias are not in the same species.\nBubo scandiacus has the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "2037": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. None of the objects are opaque.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The glass flask is not flexible.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. All three objects are transparent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is transparent. The answer is B.", "2038": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wait is between the guide words whoop - wren, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "2045": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to ethos, or character. It notes that the product is recommended by a respected organization. The answer is B.", "2051": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two bananas are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the banana with less thermal energy has a lower temperature. The answer is A.", "2055": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is B.", "2073": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWolves often live in family groups. A wolf mother, father, and their children travel together.\nA keel-billed toucan is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nToucans have large beaks. A toucan's beak can be half as long as its body. The answer is A.", "2078": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Luca felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment. The answer is A.", "2081": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 20 tons.\n20 ounces and 20 pounds are both too light. The answer is A.", "2095": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "2098": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Wet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA tent is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tent keeps its shape, even when you fold it up and put it in a bag. The answer is C.", "2107": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 3 meters.\n3 millimeters and 3 centimeters are too short. 3 kilometers is too long. The answer is D.", "2110": "According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. If the Constitution does not list a power, the United States government does not have that power. The powers not listed in the Constitution are held by the American people and the state governments. The answer is B.", "2122": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bright is not between the guide words believe - burrow, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "2125": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Barbara has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is A.", "2126": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Dale tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Dale's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "2129": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "2138": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Rebecca must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Rebecca's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Rebecca does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is A.", "2141": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When several countries in the Middle East pumped less oil, the number of producers of oil went down. So, the world's overall supply of gasoline went down. The answer is B.", "2147": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "2148": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the Alexandrine parakeet.\nThe Alexandrine parakeet has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The Alexandrine parakeet uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts.\nThe bald ibis has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The bald ibis uses its beak to eat insects and worms. The answer is B.", "2149": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the toothpaste would smell more. Toothpaste has a strong smell. The answer is A.", "2152": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "2158": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "2163": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "2165": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "2173": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "2186": "The answer is C.", "2189": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "2194": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 10 inches.\n10 feet, 10 yards, and 10 miles are all too long. The answer is A.", "2205": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Bert sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is A.", "2210": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "2221": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott. Whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott. Whose tactical methods and regulations would come to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century. The answer is A.", "2224": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Dolly's genotype for the coat graying gene is gg. Dolly's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for not having a graying coat. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Dolly's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having a graying coat (G) is dominant over the allele for not having a graying coat (g). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nDolly's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat. The answer is A.", "2239": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that larger houses keep people alive longer. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, larger houses might not make people live longer. Instead, people with larger houses may have more money, which might actually make them live longer. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "2244": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the antique vases.\nTo show that these tables are reserved, the manager put the antique vases on them. The answer is A.", "2255": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Lacey is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is B.", "2259": "This country is Jamaica. The answer is A.", "2260": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that President Townsend is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is B.", "2269": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until.\nUncle Kendrick will keep snoring until he rolls over onto his stomach. The answer is A.", "2274": "The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "2286": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial. The answer is A.", "2289": "The answer is C.", "2292": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Algernon has two alleles for brown fur (f). So, Algernon's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. The answer is B.", "2297": "To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.\nAn animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.\nAn animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. The circulatory system brings nutrients to cells. When blood is pumped into cells, it delivers nutrients like sugar and oxygen.\nThe circulatory system does not break down food into small pieces. This job is done by the digestive system. After the digestive system breaks down food, blood vessels in the intestines absorb the nutrients from the food. The blood then carries the nutrients to cells throughout the body. The answer is A.", "2307": "The answer is C.", "2308": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 150 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is B.", "2309": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tile is between the guide words tarpaulin - transport, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "2317": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "2321": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThe windiest months on Mount Everest are November, December, and January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind patterns on Mount Everest. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "2327": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wool sweater is more flexible. If you fold wool fabric, it will not break. The answer is B.", "2328": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is B.", "2332": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "2343": "Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nArianna has tomatoes. Clarence has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is B.", "2347": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The water in a glass is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour water from a glass into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is C.", "2349": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her organization by reordering sentences to keep related ideas together.\nFor example, the writer could move the underlined sentences to follow the seminar and workshop descriptions, so that all of the information about each summer session is in one place.\nI discovered my passion shortly after my freshman year. That summer, at my parents' suggestion, I attended a weeklong seminar sponsored by a local university. Although I was nervous about being the only high school student, I stretched myself and learned a lot. Through the seminar, I mastered the basics of reporting and feature writing. The following summer, I took a creative writing workshop and completed several short stories. In my school's creative writing class this year, I am sharing my stories with others and receiving helpful critiques to improve my craft. The answer is C.", "2355": "Albany is the capital of New York. The answer is D.", "2360": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Bertholletia excelsa is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is B.", "2366": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kiera wants or needs:\nKiera will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the crocuses. The answer is B.", "2368": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n To decide which planets are larger than Earth, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. Three planets have volumes that are larger than Earth's volume. So, three-quarters of the planets are larger than Earth. The answer is B.", "2369": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "2372": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the flamboyant cuttlefish.\nThe flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the flamboyant cuttlefish is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lichen katydid has green and white patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is B.", "2380": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nNovember, December, and January each have over 200 millimeters of precipitation. The answer is A.", "2382": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of scoria match the properties of a rock. So, scoria is a rock. The answer is A.", "2383": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is B.", "2384": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the gray heron.\nLong legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe painted stork has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe common kingfisher has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The common kingfisher uses its legs to walk and perch. The answer is B.", "2388": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Paula wants or needs:\nPaula will spend more ride tickets on the scorpion than she would have spent on the flying bobsled. The answer is B.", "2391": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is A.", "2392": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. The fridge magnet is pulling on the paper clip. So, Newton's third law tells you that the paper clip is pulling on the fridge magnet. The answer is A.", "2395": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Kansas is farthest south. The answer is A.", "2400": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "2401": "This country is Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The answer is A.", "2406": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 9 fluid ounces.\n9 cups and 9 gallons are both too much. The answer is C.", "2413": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "2418": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "2423": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nLandslides are caused by many factors, including earthquakes, storms, and volcanic eruptions, and they can occur in any U.S. state.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about landslides.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nTornadoes are scarier than other natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions.\nScarier shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which natural disaster is scarier. The answer is A.", "2429": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile.\nA common loon has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common loon has the traits of a bird. A common loon is a bird. The answer is B.", "2432": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e The word he ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable. The answer is B.", "2452": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. From across the room, Uncle Devin's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. The answer is B.", "2460": "This country is Papua New Guinea.\nWhy does Papua New Guinea share its island with another country?\nPapua New Guinea takes up the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The western half is part of Indonesia, an Asian country.\nBeginning in the 17 th century, several countries took control of different parts of the island of New Guinea. By 1922, Australia controlled the entire eastern half of the island, and the Netherlands controlled the western half. In 1963, control over the western half was transferred to Indonesia, which had just gained independence from the Netherlands. Many people in western New Guinea did not want to become part of Indonesia, though, and some people in this area are still fighting to leave Indonesia today. The eastern part gained independence from Australia in 1975 and became Papua New Guinea. The answer is B.", "2473": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is A.", "2479": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The pliers is pulling the nail. The direction of the pull is toward the pliers. The answer is A.", "2481": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is D.", "2486": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, wait. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "2494": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words hope and rope rhyme. They both end with the ope sound.\nThe word nose does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "2499": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is C.", "2500": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word asleep. It describes the machines as if they were people who were sleeping. The answer is B.", "2502": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is C.", "2510": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a rowboat is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long. The answer is C.", "2513": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a parking space is 6 meters.\n6 centimeters is too short. The answer is A.", "2523": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "2531": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bike frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nA penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "2538": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is B.", "2539": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ivan wants or needs:\nIvan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club. The answer is A.", "2548": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Gale has two alleles for blue body feathers (b). So, Gale's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb. The answer is A.", "2551": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet. The answer is A.", "2552": "The answer is A.", "2566": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nBoth poles of each magnet line up with both poles of the other magnet. The north pole of each magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "2569": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Greenville College is better than Springtown University because Greenville College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is B.", "2574": "This country is Fiji. The answer is D.", "2579": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "2584": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "2585": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "2588": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clever is between the guide words cheese - cover, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "2595": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that there are five planets larger than Venus: Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. There are eight planets total. Five-eighths is less than three-quarters. So, five-eighths of the planets are larger than Venus. The answer is A.", "2597": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYouth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life at first appears to be contradictory, as youth and later in life are opposites. However, it contains some truth: as we get older, we sometimes wish we could turn back the clock and return to a time when we were carefree. The answer is B.", "2604": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Susan investigated whether adding worms to compost containers affects how well food breaks down. The containers that did not get worms did not get worms. So, they were part of a control group. The answer is A.", "2621": "The cello is a stringed instrument. It has a body shaped like a violin, but the bow is held between the knees. The answer is B.", "2624": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The water pitcher is smooth, but the ice hockey rink is not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The jello is flexible, but the ice hockey rink is not.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The jello is not salty.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is salty. The answer is B.", "2626": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "2634": "An estuary is a place where a river meets the sea. Estuaries have the following features:\ndaily flooding and draining of seawater\nwater that is rich in nutrients\na mix of fresh and salty water\nMany organisms live in estuaries. These organisms must adapt to living in an environment that changes frequently.\nSome organisms that live in estuaries include:\nbirds that eat fish and other birds\nfish that live in both fresh and salt water\nmammals that hunt other mammals\nreptiles that bask in the sun\ninsects that lay their eggs in mud\nEstuaries are also important for human communities. Many people live near estuaries because they provide a rich source of food. The answer is B.", "2638": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A rubber balloon is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen a rubber balloon is inflated, or filled with air, the balloon gets bigger. But the balloon still has a size and shape of its own. The answer is C.", "2644": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 1.63 x 10^11 km^3, which is less than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than ten times as large as Mercury's. The answer is B.", "2660": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is D.", "2675": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, whisper. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "2677": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is A.", "2683": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity. The answer is A.", "2690": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 42 kilometers.\n42 millimeters, 42 centimeters, and 42 meters are all too short. The answer is A.", "2699": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nQuinn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is D.", "2704": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "2712": "Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nSand, mud, and pebbles are all types of sediment. They are deposited in places like riverbeds. Sediments like sand and mud usually build up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock can form when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock. The answer is A.", "2715": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMaking paper from wood is a chemical change. Paper is made by mixing tiny pieces of wood with special chemicals. The wood reacts with the chemicals to form pulp. Wood and pulp are different types of matter.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nRoasting is caused by heating. But making paper from wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "2716": "This country is Jamaica. The answer is B.", "2722": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "2725": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "2731": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is A.", "2737": "Janet wanted broccoli in her lunch and Kari was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJanet has tomatoes. Kari has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "2740": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a desert ecosystem. It is dry and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. The answer is A.", "2741": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the golden dart frog.\nThe golden dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the golden dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lionfish has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe impala has yellow-brown fur. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is A.", "2742": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter piece of rope has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "2745": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a teakettle is 8 cups.\n8 fluid ounces is too little and 8 gallons is too much. The answer is C.", "2756": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The crayons are not translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The crayons are colorful. The answer is B.", "2758": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others. The answer is B.", "2759": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The soccer shorts are not bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The soccer shorts are bouncy. The answer is B.", "2760": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "2763": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "2764": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince police is between the guide words pageant - prevail, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "2767": "The Great Depression was the most severe period of economic hardship in the 20th century. It began in 1929 with the stock market crash and lasted for more than a decade.\nDuring the Great Depression, businesses closed, banks failed, and millions of people lost their jobs. The unemployment rate soared to 25 percent.\nThe Great Depression caused a lot of suffering. People lost their homes and had no money to buy food. The federal government did not have much money to help out, either. It took the United States many years to recover from the Great Depression. The answer is B.", "2771": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "2779": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Iago's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb. Iago's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for blue body feathers. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Iago's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nIago's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers. The answer is A.", "2783": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "2785": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But milk going sour is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "2788": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "2789": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "2790": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the horned viper.\nThe horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Namaqua chameleon has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe fire salamander has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The answer is A.", "2791": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "2792": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The car bumper and the metal bar are not slippery.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The car bumper and the metal bar are not shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard. The answer is C.", "2795": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is B.", "2796": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nHavana is the capital of Cuba. The winds there were blowing from the east last weekend.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind direction in Havana last weekend. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "2798": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe brush grabbed at his legs in the dark until one knee of his jeans ripped describes the brush as if it were a person. The answer is A.", "2800": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure. The answer is B.", "2814": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on the slice of pizza, look at the forces:\nQuinn is pulling the slice of pizza to the left with a force of 50 N.\nBrad is pulling the slice of pizza to the right with a force of 45 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 50 N and 45 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the slice of pizza. The answer is B.", "2817": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired. The answer is B.", "2822": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Jackie's backyard.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Jackie's backyard right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "2827": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince purse is not between the guide words patriot - pleasant, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "2828": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is D.", "2830": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Asia. The answer is C.", "2839": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "2845": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A reticulated python's scientific name is Python reticulatus.\nSciurus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Sciurus vulgaris are not in the same species.\nPython bivittatus does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Python bivittatus are not in the same species.\nPython reticulatus has the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is B.", "2857": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "2870": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. The answer is B.", "2871": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 5 yards.\n5 inches and 5 feet are both too short. The answer is B.", "2876": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 190 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is A.", "2877": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "2878": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Asimina triloba is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis. The answer is A.", "2883": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nAnn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is A.", "2886": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is A.", "2888": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "2900": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nDew appearing on grass in the morning is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air touches the cool grass and becomes liquid.\nThe water vapor changes state to become dew, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But dew appearing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nDew appearing is caused by cooling. But ice melting is not. The answer is C.", "2905": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **My Brother the Pig**. The answer is B.", "2908": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nThe Red Sea is a popular place for windsurfing. Wind speeds reached 30 miles per hour there on Thursday.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed in the Red Sea on Thursday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "2921": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "2923": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "2929": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. An excuse has a more negative connotation. An excuse is usually not a very good reason. The answer is A.", "2933": "This country is Trinidad and Tobago. The answer is D.", "2936": "Look at the table and images.\nBrandon wants broccoli. Derek wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "2952": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word carelessly. It describes the wind as if it were a person who didn't care. The answer is B.", "2956": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (was, the, a).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "2960": "Look at the table and images.\nConnor wants broccoli. Maura wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "2969": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "2971": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures. To describe the average temperature trends in Detroit, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are between 25\u00b0F and 30\u00b0F. These months have the lowest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the coolest months on average. The answer is A.", "2976": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The population of Oak Grove fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Oak Grove has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too. The answer is A.", "2978": "This country is Saint Lucia. The answer is B.", "2983": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is C.", "2993": "This state is Michigan. The answer is C.", "2994": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there are too many jars of peanut butter on the shelf. There are 100 jars on the shelf, but only 74 people want to buy a jar.\nSo, there is a surplus of peanut butter. The grocery store will not get any money for the leftover jars. The answer is A.", "3004": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, Catoctin Mountain Park has cold, wet winters. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "3016": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the green anemone behind the clownfish. The answer is B.", "3020": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A common kestrel's scientific name is Falco tinnunculus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco.\nFalco novaeseelandiae is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco novaeseelandiae and Falco tinnunculus are in the same genus.\nHaliaeetus pelagicus is in the genus Haliaeetus. The first word of its scientific name is Haliaeetus. So, Haliaeetus pelagicus and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\nArdea goliath is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea goliath and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "3022": "The city is Atlanta, Georgia. New York City, Houston, and Los Angeles are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is A.", "3036": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "3037": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0C glass of water is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is B.", "3041": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe bat star has arrows pointing from it. So, the bat star is not a decomposer.\nThe sea otter has an arrow pointing from it. So, the sea otter is not a decomposer.\nThe kelp bass has an arrow pointing from it. So, the kelp bass is not a decomposer.\nThe black rockfish does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the black rockfish is a decomposer.\nThe plainfin midshipman has an arrow pointing from it. So, the plainfin midshipman is not a decomposer. The answer is C.", "3044": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA piece of paper is a solid. You can fold a piece of paper. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air outside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air outside a bubble expands to fill all the space outside the bubble. The answer is A.", "3056": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode! The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Caleb hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed. The answer is A.", "3060": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is B.", "3064": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince even is not between the guide words engineer - except, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "3069": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "3072": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "3077": "To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\n15\u00b0C.\n-24\u00b0C is within this range.\n-4\u00b0C and 3\u00b0C are outside of this range. The answer is A.", "3088": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 21 centimeters.\n21 kilometers is too long. The answer is B.", "3089": "This country is Samoa. The answer is D.", "3093": "Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The answer is B.", "3103": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.\nIn a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.\nThe allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain. The answer is B.", "3105": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the rocking chair.\nThe rocking chair is made of two different materials. The seat and back are made of wood, and the rocker is made of metal. The answer is A.", "3107": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is A.", "3109": "When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. This organism's scientific name refers to Georgia O'Keeffe.\nThe word okeeffeae refers to Georgia O'Keeffe. So, this archosaur's scientific name is Effigia okeeffeae. The answer is A.", "3110": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "3113": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "3115": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "3118": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the ginkgo leaf fossil. The answer is B.", "3123": "This state is South Dakota. The answer is A.", "3125": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bear sedge.\nThe only arrow pointing to the barren-ground caribou starts from the lichen. The lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the barren-ground caribou.There is one path matter can take from the bear sedge to the Arctic fox: bear sedge->Arctic fox. There are two paths matter can take from the bear sedge to the collared lemming: bear sedge->collared lemming. bear sedge->dwarf shrub->collared lemming. There are three paths matter can take from the bear sedge to the earthworm: bear sedge->Arctic fox->earthworm. bear sedge->dwarf shrub->earthworm. bear sedge->moss->collared lemming->earthworm. The answer is A.", "3132": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is A.", "3138": "This country is Dominica. The answer is B.", "3141": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that falling asleep with the window open leads to migraines. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, Rudy may have had a migraine that day for a completely different reason. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is B.", "3144": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest south. The answer is A.", "3147": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 8 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 4 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left. The answer is A.", "3153": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "3156": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Christmas tree worm's scientific name is Spirobranchus giganteus.\nNerodia clarkii does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Nerodia clarkii are not in the same species.\nSpirobranchus giganteus has the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species. The answer is B.", "3157": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Patton tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Patton believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "3168": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word express is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is East Bay Express. The answer is B.", "3174": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Colin wants or needs:\nColin will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club. The answer is B.", "3185": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An Indian rock python's scientific name is Python molurus.\nLacerta agilis does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Lacerta agilis are not in the same species.\nPython molurus has the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species. The answer is A.", "3187": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Richard needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn. The answer is A.", "3193": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statement describes the Eastern Siberian Taiga ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The following statements do not describe the Eastern Siberian Taiga: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. It has mostly small plants. The answer is C.", "3196": "The Great War was originally called the Great War.\nThe Great War was a global war that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved most of the countries of Europe, as well as the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries.\nThe war started when a Serbian nationalist assassinated an Austrian archduke. This event triggered a series of alliances and declarations of war. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, led by France, Britain, and the United States, emerged victorious.\nThe war was called the Great War because it was the most destructive war up to that time. More than 9 million soldiers and 7 million civilians died in the war. The answer is A.", "3197": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "3203": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dwayne wants or needs:\nDwayne will spend more ride tickets on the spinning teacups than he would have spent on the scrambler. The answer is B.", "3204": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of apple juice is colder than the 10\u00b0C glass of apple juice, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "3205": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The pineapple is not stretchy.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough. The answer is A.", "3210": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words truck and sock rhyme. They both end with the uck sound.\nThe word rock does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "3212": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. Rain, sun, and snow go together. They are weather words. Time is not a weather word, so it is not like the other words. The answer is A.", "3213": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is A.", "3215": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "3217": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. The answer is B.", "3219": "Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Scoria is an igneous rock. Like other igneous rocks, it forms when melted rock cools and hardens.\nMelted rock is a hot, thick liquid. As melted rock cools, solid mineral grains begin to form. When the melted rock becomes solid, it forms igneous rock. The word igneous comes from the Latin word ignis, which means fire. The answer is A.", "3220": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is B.", "3222": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Rita's shoes are the best, because they're made with snakeskin rather than synthetic materials. However, even though the shoes are made from snakes, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature. The answer is A.", "3229": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or North America. The answer is B.", "3231": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A catfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. The answer is A.", "3233": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is rough. The answer is B.", "3243": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Edna is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "3246": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "3247": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. The fog made it hard to see, Dad drove slowly is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: The fog made it hard to see and Dad drove slowly. The answer is B.", "3255": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is B.", "3259": "This country is Tuvalu. The answer is B.", "3284": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is B.", "3292": "The city is New Orleans, Louisiana. Charlotte, Houston, and Nashville are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is D.", "3305": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dread is between the guide words dare - disturb, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "3311": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "3316": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Davidsons or their relatives.\nThe Davidsons see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Davidsons visit Florida, they see their relatives. The answer is B.", "3318": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is A.", "3323": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 55 seconds.\n55 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "3327": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "3330": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "3336": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "3337": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 925 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is B.", "3339": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is C.", "3345": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words cream and dream rhyme. They both end with the eam sound.\nThe word such does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "3347": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period. The answer is C.", "3351": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince linen is between the guide words leather - lying, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "3354": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Nairobi, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nairobi gets about the same amount of precipitation each month.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, less precipitation falls between June and October than between November and May.\nChoice \"February is the wettest month of the year.\" is incorrect.\nThe wettest month is the one with the highest average monthly precipitation. April, not February, has the highest average precipitation.\nChoice \"More precipitation falls in April than in August.\" is incorrect.\nApril has a higher average monthly precipitation than August. The answer is B.", "3355": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa is 70\u00b0F.\n70\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "3377": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles. The answer is B.", "3379": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation. The answer is A.", "3383": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a pen is 19 centimeters.\n19 kilometers is too long. The answer is A.", "3385": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is B.", "3387": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "3395": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "3398": "This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force. The answer is C.", "3413": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nRuth is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is B.", "3418": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east. The answer is C.", "3428": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The cracker and the fries are not colorful.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All three objects are salty.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The cracker and the fries are not sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is salty. The answer is B.", "3430": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm. The answer is B.", "3431": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nI need to shovel this snow, or someone might slip and fall. The answer is B.", "3433": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether sodium iodide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium iodide, NaI, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and I for iodine. So, the formula tells you that sodium iodide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium iodide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium iodide is a compound. The answer is B.", "3434": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nThe bearded dragon has a sand-colored body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe blue poison dart frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The answer is A.", "3436": "Look at the table and images.\nVivian wants broccoli. Jamal wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "3439": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is D.", "3442": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Mia must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Mia's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mia is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is A.", "3451": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding. The answer is B.", "3455": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is D.", "3468": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south. The answer is A.", "3472": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the gasoline would smell more. Gasoline has a strong smell. The answer is B.", "3476": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. A crown is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nA crown keeps its shape, even when you put it on your head. The answer is B.", "3479": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes for an ice cube to melt on a hot sidewalk is 4 minutes.\n4 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "3481": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A gray tree frog's scientific name is Hyla versicolor. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.\nAtelopus zeteki is in the genus Atelopus. The first word of its scientific name is Atelopus. So, Atelopus zeteki and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus.\nHemidactylus turcicus is in the genus Hemidactylus. The first word of its scientific name is Hemidactylus. So, Hemidactylus turcicus and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus.\nHyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla cinerea and Hyla versicolor are in the same genus. The answer is A.", "3484": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. An emu is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nEmus cannot fly, but they can run very fast. They run to avoid predators.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water. The answer is B.", "3485": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Deb wants or needs:\nDeb will give up the chance to eat the apple crisp. Deb thinks apple crisp would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will. The answer is B.", "3486": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the kudu.\nThe kudu has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the kudu reach leaves and shoots. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe spotted deer has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe Nile crocodile has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The Nile crocodile uses its mouth to eat other animals. The answer is A.", "3492": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "3494": "Look at the table and images.\nJanice wants broccoli. Abdul wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "3495": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is C.", "3498": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is A.", "3504": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But dust settling out of the air is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "3505": "A cnidarian is an invertebrate that has a soft body and is covered in tentacles. A jellyfish is a type of cnidarian. The answer is B.", "3507": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Rover's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Rover's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur. The answer is B.", "3514": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "3515": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "3518": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "3523": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The silk tie is not transparent.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The silk tie is smooth. The answer is B.", "3530": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "3534": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "3539": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer. The answer is B.", "3541": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is D.", "3542": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. We went to Texas we saw an old fort is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We went to Texas and We saw an old fort. The answer is A.", "3544": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All three objects are fragile.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. None of the objects are scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fragile. The answer is B.", "3549": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Long's snoring. The answer is B.", "3558": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word proud. It describes the ancient structure as if it were a person who is proud of his accomplishments. The answer is A.", "3567": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black fur or brown fur, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fur color trait. The question tells you that the f allele, which is for brown fur, is recessive to the F allele, which is for black fur.\nBlack fur is the dominant allele's version of the fur color trait. A rabbit with the dominant version of the fur color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fur color gene. So, offspring with black fur must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.\nBrown fur is the recessive allele's version of the fur color trait. A rabbit with the recessive version of the fur color trait must have only recessive alleles for the fur color gene. So, offspring with brown fur must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with black fur to offspring with brown fur is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with black fur. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with brown fur. The answer is E.", "3576": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But stretching a rubber band is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "3583": "This state is Idaho. The answer is A.", "3593": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A blue jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta cristata.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the same genus as Larus michahellis, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Larus michahellis does not have the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Larus michahellis are not in the same species.\nGoura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Goura victoria are not in the same species.\nCyanocitta cristata has the same scientific name as a blue jay. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "3604": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is C.", "3609": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Strix nebulosa are in the same genus.\nCyanea capillata is in the genus Cyanea. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanea. So, Cyanea capillata and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nNeofelis nebulosa and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Neofelis nebulosa and Strix nebulosa have the same species name within their genus, nebulosa. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Neofelis nebulosa is in the genus Neofelis, and Strix nebulosa is in the genus Strix. The answer is C.", "3611": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "3629": "The answer is C.", "3633": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "3634": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Ashland. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is B.", "3643": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "3650": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lauren wants or needs:\nLauren will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about. The answer is B.", "3654": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is B.", "3656": "Bill wanted broccoli in his lunch and Anita was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBill has tomatoes. Anita has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "3660": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The socks are blue, but the stuffed dice are not.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. None of the objects are sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy. The answer is C.", "3669": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "3679": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "3681": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "3682": "The answer is A.", "3683": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "3688": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "3692": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. In a Venn diagram, each circle shows things that are true for a particular topic. The middle, where the two circles overlap, shows things that are true for both topics. This Venn diagram compares two famous Renaissance artists, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.\nThe detail Michelangelo created David is in the middle of the diagram. This shows that Leonardo da Vinci did not create David. The detail Leonardo da Vinci was from Florence is in the Michelangelo circle. This shows that Leonardo da Vinci was from Florence. The answer is A.", "3701": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 3 liters.\n3 milliliters is too little. The answer is A.", "3703": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is C.", "3710": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether phosphorus tribromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, contains two atomic symbols: P for phosphorus and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that phosphorus tribromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince phosphorus tribromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, phosphorus tribromide is a compound. The answer is A.", "3716": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has two alleles for vestigial wings (n). So, the fly's genotype for the wing type gene is nn. The answer is B.", "3721": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "3727": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is A.", "3733": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas. A coffee mug is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nYou can use a coffee mug as a container for other solid objects. The answer is C.", "3736": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Wells's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "3745": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The pond is in column 3. The answer is C.", "3750": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature. The answer is A.", "3751": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is C.", "3752": "The answer is C.", "3758": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "3762": "Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The answer is B.", "3773": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "3774": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,240 kilometers.\n2,240 millimeters and 2,240 centimeters are too short. 2,240 meters is too long. The answer is B.", "3775": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "3783": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nAlec was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Alec, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Alec. The answer is B.", "3788": "One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The baseball player hits the ball with his bat. The bat pushes the ball. The direction of the push is away from the baseball bat. The answer is A.", "3789": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 5 meters.\n5 millimeters and 5 centimeters are too short. 5 kilometers is too long. The answer is B.", "3797": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nCandice decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nCandice made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "3810": "Farms are places where crops or animals are grown. Most farms are located in rural areas. Rural areas are places that are not part of a city or town.\nFarms can be found in rural areas throughout the world. The answer is B.", "3813": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 55 centimeters.\n55 millimeters is too short. 55 meters and 55 kilometers are too long. The answer is D.", "3815": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is C.", "3823": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "3840": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. Brother, sister, and son go together. They are words for people in a family. Daughter is not a word for a person in a family.\nTeacher is not a word for a person in a family. The answer is B.", "3844": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. Mrs. Robertson is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\nThe words Mrs. Robertson and owl are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. The answer is A.", "3846": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 250 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is A.", "3848": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blessing is between the guide words billow - brown, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "3852": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion Pyrrhus suggests that the victory came at a great cost. Pyrrhus was an ancient Greek king who won a battle but suffered very heavy losses. The answer is A.", "3860": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern. This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nAnd we shall be dangerous. The answer is A.", "3864": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Katie's Internet connection. The answer is A.", "3866": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "3869": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person. The answer is B.", "3873": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "3875": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "3877": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects the Atlantic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean. The answer is A.", "3882": "The answer is B.", "3883": "Look at the table and images.\nKiara wants broccoli. Fernando wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "3885": "Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. The answer is B.", "3888": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 245 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 350 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 245 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is B.", "3901": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Carolina is farthest east. The answer is C.", "3903": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Antarctica. The answer is D.", "3913": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is B.", "3914": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the saddle-billed stork.\nThe saddle-billed stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the saddle-billed stork to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe black-headed heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe northern pintail has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. The answer is B.", "3920": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "3921": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Delaware is farthest south. The answer is D.", "3925": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nJasmine lives in a windy place.\nThis passage tells you about the usual amount of wind where Jasmine lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "3934": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Luther investigated whether baking soda can remove crayon from a wall. The sections of wall scrubbed with water only did not get baking soda. So, they were part of a control group. The answer is B.", "3951": "The colony is Georgia. The answer is A.", "3956": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her academic voice by maintaining an objective tone.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined text with objective language, such as \"many people,\" \"some towns,\" and \"doing so is unethical.\"\nMany people don't recycle because throwing things away is easier, even though doing so can be damaging to the environment. People are lazy and selfish, always wanting what is good for themselves, not necessarily what is good for society. As a result, many people do not take the steps that are required to recycle different materials. For example, some towns require residents to sort items before leaving them at the curbside; this causes some to skip recycling altogether, even though doing so is unethical. The answer is C.", "3963": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by including more evidence to support the claim.\nFor example, the writer could support the underlined text with examples that show how more and better bike lanes have helped protect cyclists from danger.\nWearing a bicycle helmet is the best way to protect yourself against fatal head injuries. Several studies have shown that riders who wore helmets had a reduction in their risk of head and brain injuries. More and better bike lanes in our cities would help protect cyclists from danger. Children especially benefit from wearing helmets, since they experience the majority of bicycling accidents that cause serious head injuries. The answer is A.", "3964": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A swamp is a type of ecosystem. Swamps have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of organisms. So, the Okefenokee Swamp has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "3965": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A red crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA brown tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping. The answer is D.", "3968": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Haliaeetus pelagicus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nHaliaeetus pelagicus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that Steller's sea eagle is the common name. The answer is A.", "3972": "This country is Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The answer is A.", "3973": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. Cutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails. The answer is A.", "3983": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "3988": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The metal bar and the glass bottle are not soft.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The metal bar and the glass bottle are not translucent.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny. The answer is A.", "3993": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities. The answer is A.", "3995": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhere Desmond lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Desmond lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "4003": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The first train car pulls the second train car. The direction of the pull is toward the first train car. The answer is B.", "4009": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower. The answer is A.", "4015": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mint is not between the guide words marriage - modest, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "4024": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Miranda's hand is pushing on the door. So, Newton's third law tells you that the door is pushing on Miranda's hand. The answer is B.", "4025": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "4028": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nIn ancient times, mustard was used as a medicine for toothaches and insect stings. The answer is A.", "4029": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince roam is not between the guide words reality - rudder, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4039": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear. The answer is B.", "4040": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is B.", "4048": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A peacock mantis shrimp is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a peacock mantis shrimp is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a fire salamander is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other tarantulas, a metallic tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is C.", "4050": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. South Dakota is farthest north. The answer is A.", "4065": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern. This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nChariots rumbling; horses neighing;\nSoldiers shouting martial cries;\nDrums are sounding; trumpets braying;\nSeas of glittering spears arise.\n\u2014From Tu Fu, \"Conscripts Leaving for the Frontier.\" Trans. Charles Budd The answer is B.", "4072": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "4081": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The second sentence states a fact.\nMorocco is a country on the northwest coast of Africa.\nIt can be proved by finding Morocco on a map.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nMorocco is the most exciting country to visit.\nMost exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a country exciting to visit. The answer is A.", "4084": "Marvin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Ken was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nMarvin has tomatoes. Ken has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "4088": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion evaporate is literature.\nThe word evaporate means to disappear or go away.\nThe scientist heated the water until it evaporated.\nThe allusion evaporate means to disappear. The answer is B.", "4092": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, float. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "4094": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "4095": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is A.", "4096": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A sea otter is an animal. It eats animals that live in the ocean.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA hydrangea bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nHydrangea bushes can have blue, white, purple, or pink flowers. The answer is B.", "4098": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night. The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Kendra's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked. The answer is B.", "4106": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pot is between the guide words plus - prospect, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4112": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince smooth is between the guide words seize - spank, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4115": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Return of Jafar. The answer is B.", "4120": "This country is Antigua and Barbuda. The answer is B.", "4122": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message. The answer is A.", "4123": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is B.", "4124": "The colony is Georgia. The answer is D.", "4126": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rock is the hardest. If you press on a rock, it will not change shape. The answer is A.", "4130": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun hares' could refer to hares or rabbits.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Hares are often mistaken for rabbits, even though hares' legs, feet, and ears are usually bigger. The answer is B.", "4139": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue. The answer is B.", "4145": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is A.", "4150": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is B.", "4153": "Look at the table and images.\nAustin wants broccoli. Colin wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "4155": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aiden is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "4156": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures. To describe the average temperature trends in Cape Town, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in December, January, February, and March are around 20\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the hottest months on average. The answer is B.", "4164": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is B.", "4165": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. Whine about something has a more negative connotation. If you whine about something, you talk about it in a complaining way. The answer is A.", "4167": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa.\nCyanocitta cristata does not have the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, Strix nebulosa and Cyanocitta cristata are not in the same species.\nGoura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, Strix nebulosa and Goura victoria are not in the same species.\nStrix nebulosa has the same scientific name as a great gray owl. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "4168": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "4176": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The caramel corn is opaque, but the chocolate syrup and the peanut butter are not.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The chocolate syrup and the caramel corn are not blue.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky. The answer is A.", "4177": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities. The answer is A.", "4187": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus.\nFalco peregrinus has the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nArdea alba does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Ardea alba are not in the same species.\nPhoebastria nigripes does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Phoebastria nigripes are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "4193": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is bumpier. If you touch an asphalt road, it will feel lumpy and bumpy. The answer is B.", "4199": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "4202": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince see is between the guide words scurry - shelter, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4203": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.\nThe only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the grizzly bear to the earthworm.\nThere are two arrows pointing from the barren-ground caribou to other organisms. One arrow points to the grizzly bear. The only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. The other arrow pointing from the barren-ground caribou leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the rough-legged hawk to the earthworm: rough-legged hawk->earthworm. mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the mushroom to the earthworm.. There is one path matter can take from the parasitic jaeger to the earthworm: parasitic jaeger->earthworm. The answer is E.", "4205": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "4210": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0C block is hotter than the 70\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "4211": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone. The answer is B.", "4214": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Spanish shawl nudibranch.\nThe Spanish shawl nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the Spanish shawl nudibranch is toxic and dangerous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe crown-of-thorns sea star has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe peppered moth has gray and brown patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is A.", "4216": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the crested black macaque.\nThe crested black macaque has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The lar gibbon has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe chital has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The chital uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is B.", "4217": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "4231": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "4240": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "4244": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States. The answer is A.", "4246": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average. The answer is B.", "4248": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth is the largest. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock. The answer is A.", "4250": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences. The answer is A.", "4258": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 15 miles.\n15 inches, 15 feet, and 15 yards are all too short. The answer is B.", "4260": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "4263": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "4271": "Look at the table and images.\nJonah wants broccoli. Cassie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "4274": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "4281": "A homologous structure is an inherited structure that has the same function in different organisms.\nThe wing of a bird is a homologous structure to the arm of a human. Both wings and arms have the same basic design, but they are different sizes and shapes. The answer is B.", "4282": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "4285": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton towel is softer. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape. The answer is A.", "4287": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is C.", "4288": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A Japanese tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. The answer is B.", "4291": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is C.", "4293": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "4301": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is B.", "4306": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a passenger airplane is 47 tons.\n47 ounces and 47 pounds are both too light. The answer is A.", "4310": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the product with a bad experience that the audience can relate to. The answer is C.", "4311": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nIt is snowing in Sam's town today.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation today in Sam's town. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "4313": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. Tracy went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Tracy and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is B.", "4315": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. We live on a peninsula, water is on three sides of it is a complete sentence. The subject is we, and the verb is live. The answer is A.", "4317": "Look at the map.\nThe Mongol Empire controlled most of Asia and some parts of Eastern Europe from around 1210 to 1375.\nThis map shows the areas that the Mongol Empire controlled.\nThe map shows that the Mongol Empire controlled East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. The answer is A.", "4319": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to blow your nose is 5 seconds.\n5 minutes is too slow. The answer is B.", "4333": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A stone statue is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A stone statue is made of one or more pieces of rock.\nThe answer is A.", "4339": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Shampoo does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, shampoo is not a mineral. The answer is B.", "4340": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. None of the objects are yellow.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The trampoline and the spring are not fuzzy.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible. The answer is A.", "4344": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Okavango Delta has soil that is rich in nutrients. It also has other water ecosystems nearby. The answer is A.", "4347": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Jessica investigated whether adding vinegar to salt water affects how quickly steel squares rust. The steel squares soaked in salt water did not get vinegar. So, they were part of a control group. The answer is A.", "4351": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is A.", "4355": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the long-beaked echidna.\nA tube-shaped snout helps the long-beaked echidna reach into a burrow. A long, sticky tongue helps it catch the insects.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe aardvark has a tube-shaped mouth and a long, sticky tongue. Its mouth is adapted to eat insects that live inside burrows.\nThe brown hyena has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to get insects out of burrows. The brown hyena uses its mouth to eat other animals. The answer is A.", "4357": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be dark fur. The answer is B.", "4361": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is B.", "4366": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, give. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "4376": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Words for Living By.\" The answer is A.", "4385": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the phytoplankton.There are four paths matter can take from the phytoplankton to the kelp bass: phytoplankton->zooplankton->kelp bass. phytoplankton->zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->kelp bass. phytoplankton->zooplankton->black rockfish->kelp bass. phytoplankton->plainfin midshipman->kelp bass. orca. The only arrow pointing to the orca starts from the sea otter. The only arrow pointing to the sea otter starts from the sea urchin. The only arrow pointing to the sea urchin starts from the kelp. No arrow points to the kelp. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the phytoplankton to the orca.. sea cucumber. The only arrow pointing to the sea cucumber starts from the phytoplankton. A path of arrows that starts from the phytoplankton also ends with the sea cucumber. So, in this food web, matter moves from the phytoplankton to the sea cucumber.. The answer is B.", "4386": "Snicker doesn't belong.\nChew, chuckle, and giggle all name ways to laugh. The answer is C.", "4394": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The wet ice cube is translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The wet ice cube is not colorful. The answer is A.", "4420": "Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk. An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nThe ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators.\nAn elephant seal is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nElephant seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA parrotfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nParrotfish have fins and live underwater near coral reefs. They get their name from their bird-like beak! The answer is C.", "4428": "The answer is A.", "4436": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that obesity rates and rainforests are somehow interconnected. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring. The answer is B.", "4443": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is B.", "4444": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "4446": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else. The answer is B.", "4458": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired. The answer is B.", "4459": "This country is Papua New Guinea.\nWhy does Papua New Guinea share its island with another country?\nPapua New Guinea takes up the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The western half is part of Indonesia, an Asian country.\nBeginning in the 17 th century, several countries took control of different parts of the island of New Guinea. By 1922, Australia controlled the entire eastern half of the island, and the Netherlands controlled the western half. In 1963, control over the western half was transferred to Indonesia, which had just gained independence from the Netherlands. Many people in western New Guinea did not want to become part of Indonesia, though, and some people in this area are still fighting to leave Indonesia today. The eastern part gained independence from Australia in 1975 and became Papua New Guinea. The answer is D.", "4465": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A toucan is a bird. Like other birds, a toucan is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA luna moth is an insect. Like other insects, a luna moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA carp is a fish. Like other fish, a carp is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA koala is a mammal. Like other mammals, a koala is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is A.", "4474": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north. The answer is C.", "4482": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "4483": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nSince 1923, the United States Flag Code has provided advisory rules for displaying and handling the U.S. flag. The answer is B.", "4485": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each runner moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne runner moved 140 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other runner moved 100 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each runner spent the same amount of time moving. The runner who moved 140 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that runner must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is B.", "4497": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there are too many frames for sale. There are 25 frames for sale, but only 18 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of frames. The store will not get any money for the leftover frames. The answer is A.", "4500": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock. The answer is B.", "4502": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether hydrogen peroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2, contains two atomic symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen peroxide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince hydrogen peroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, hydrogen peroxide is a compound. The answer is B.", "4505": "Lansing is the capital of Michigan. The answer is D.", "4507": "The Fifth Amendment says that a person on trial for a crime cannot be put in a position where he or she has to testify against himself or herself. In other words, a person on trial cannot be forced to incriminate himself or herself. This is where the phrase \"pleading the Fifth\" comes from. It means that a person refuses to answer a question because doing so might incriminate him or her.\nThe Fifth Amendment also says that any evidence obtained by forcing a person to incriminate himself or herself cannot be used in court. In other words, a person on trial cannot be found guilty because he or she exercised his or her Fifth Amendment rights.\nThe text of the Fifth Amendment is below. It does not use the words \"pleading the Fifth.\" Where does the phrase \"pleading the Fifth\" come from? The text of the Fifth Amendment is below. It does not use the words \"pleading the Fifth.\" Where does the phrase \"pleading the Fifth\" come from? The answer is A.", "4512": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Serengeti National Park has a rainy season and a dry season. It also has long, cold winters. The answer is A.", "4519": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "4520": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 5 hours. The duck that moved 260 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is C.", "4529": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "4532": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "4537": "The colony is Connecticut. The answer is B.", "4548": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rose plant's observable version of the thorns trait is not having thorns. So, the plant's phenotype for the thorns trait is not having thorns. The answer is B.", "4553": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Sumatran orangutan has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe okapi has long, thin limbs. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The okapi uses its limbs for walking and running. The answer is B.", "4554": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the dead leaf mantis.\nThe dead leaf mantis has a reddish-brown body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe plated leaf chameleon has reddish-brown scales coverings its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves, which often have a reddish or brownish color.\nThis Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among dead leaves. The answer is A.", "4559": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. An orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are mammals that live in the ocean. They have small flippers instead of arms!\nA walnut tree is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nPeople pick and eat walnuts from walnut trees. Walnuts are the tree's seeds!\nA lavender bush is a plant. It has many purple flowers.\nLavender has a sweet smell. Some people use the oil from lavender bushes for perfume.\nA dandelion is an animal. It has a yellow flower.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind. The answer is D.", "4562": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is D.", "4568": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nBrenna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is C.", "4575": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "4578": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "4583": "Look at the passage. It tells you how thick fur helps animals in wintertime.\nPeople put on winter coats when it's cold outside, and some animals have winter coats, too! They grow extra-thick coats of fur to keep warm in winter. The thick fur traps their body heat and keeps it close to their skin. Many wild animals grow winter coats. But so do some cats and dogs.\nSome animals, like arctic foxes, also change coat colors in winter. They shed their brown fur and grow thick white coats. Their white coats help them hide from other animals in the snow. The answer is A.", "4594": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma.\nPython reticulatus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python reticulatus and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus.\nAmbystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Ambystoma mexicanum are in the same genus.\nTigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum have the same species name within their genus, mexicanum. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma, and Ambystoma mexicanum is in the genus Ambystoma. The answer is C.", "4603": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "4604": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe crocodile egg fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the palm leaf fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely older than the palm leaf fossil. The answer is A.", "4622": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "4623": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A scarecrow is not a living thing.\nScarecrows do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nIce cubes are not living things.\nIce cubes do not have all of the traits of living things. They may grow or melt in response to the world around them. But they do not need food.\nRabbits are living things.\nRabbits grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Rabbits are made up of many cells.\nRain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food. The answer is D.", "4624": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA poison dart frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous. The answer is A.", "4631": "This country is Antigua and Barbuda. The answer is D.", "4632": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products. Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to ammonium nitrate in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that when ammonium nitrate breaks down, it forms nitrous oxide gas. When ammonium nitrate reacts, or goes through a chemical change, its atoms are rearranged to form nitrous oxide gas. Because ammonium nitrate reacts in this chemical reaction, ammonium nitrate is a reactant. The answer is A.", "4639": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Cerrado ecosystem: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has warm summers and warm winters. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Cerrado: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has a small amount of rain. The answer is A.", "4645": "Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4 The answer is C.", "4647": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.\nA mole is an animal. It eats insects and worms.\nMoles live mostly underground. The answer is A.", "4654": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. Marie went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Marie and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is A.", "4657": "Jaylen wanted broccoli in his lunch and Porter was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJaylen has tomatoes. Porter has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "4670": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is rough. The answer is A.", "4672": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nPreston took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain. The answer is D.", "4678": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sailor is between the guide words sour - stone, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4682": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode! The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Dustin hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed. The answer is B.", "4686": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "4690": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is B.", "4698": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "4699": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince itch is between the guide words illustrate - interrupt, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4708": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the golden eagle.\nThe golden eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the golden eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe common buzzard has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey.\nThe Malayan tapir has large, heavy feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is B.", "4709": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is A.", "4717": "A rock sequence is a record of the layers of rock in a area. The layers in a rock sequence are usually ordered by their ages.\nThe youngest layers are at the top of the rock sequence, and the oldest layers are at the bottom. To find the answer, look at the diagram.\nThe limestone layer is older than the sandstone layer. So, the limestone layer is the deeper layer. The answer is A.", "4718": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New York is farthest north. The answer is B.", "4719": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. The second sentence states a fact.\nJackie Robinson played baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956.\nIt can be proved by reading a baseball schedule for the years 1947 to 1956.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nJackie Robinson was the most noteworthy baseball player of the 1940 s and 1950 s.\nMost noteworthy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which player was the most noteworthy. The answer is B.", "4720": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is D.", "4740": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 2 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 6 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right. The answer is A.", "4748": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Daniel that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Daniel. The answer is A.", "4749": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "4753": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "4755": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accurate is between the guide words album - avoid, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4757": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is a producer, so the sea urchin is a primary consumer.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not a primary consumer.\nThe black rockfish has an arrow pointing to it from the zooplankton. The zooplankton is a producer, so the black rockfish is a primary consumer.\nThe orca has an arrow pointing to it from the sea otter. The sea otter is not a producer. So, the orca is not a primary consumer.\nThe kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is not a primary consumer. The answer is D.", "4767": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 40. So, the temperature is 40\u00b0C. The answer is A.", "4774": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "4782": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nArachnids have the following traits:\nThey have eight legs.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nThey have no antennae.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA trichina worm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft body.\nIt has a cylindrical shape.\nIt does not have antennae.\nIt does not have an exoskeleton.\nA trichina worm does not have all of the traits of an arachnid. A trichina worm is a roundworm.\nA wolf spider has the following traits:\nIt has eight legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt does not have antennae.\nA wolf spider has the traits of an arachnid. A wolf spider is an arachnid. The answer is A.", "4784": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 36 cups.\n36 fluid ounces is too little and 36 gallons is too much. The answer is A.", "4805": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 15 gallons.\n15 fluid ounces and 15 cups are both too little. The answer is B.", "4809": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is C.", "4817": "This country is Fiji. The answer is C.", "4820": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "4828": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is A.", "4832": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is B.", "4833": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock. The answer is B.", "4834": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the spectacled cobra.\nWhen frightened, the spectacled cobra can spread out its hood to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the hood can help scare it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bearded dragon has spiny scales around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe green anole has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator. The answer is A.", "4836": "Look at the table and images.\nMaya wants broccoli. Hanson wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "4844": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA snowy owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSnowy owls live in cold places. They have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold.\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCranes wade in shallow water to look for food. Cranes eat insects, worms, and plants.\nA Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night. The answer is B.", "4851": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Christmas tree worm's scientific name is Spirobranchus giganteus.\nSpirobranchus giganteus has the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nMacropus giganteus does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Macropus giganteus are not in the same species.\nSphodromantis viridis does not have the same scientific name as a Christmas tree worm. So, Spirobranchus giganteus and Sphodromantis viridis are not in the same species. The answer is B.", "4854": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nKurt will spend some time and money to get the costume. The answer is B.", "4859": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the snacks they sell are the best, because they use only \"real\" ingredients. However, even though a food is made with \"real\" ingredients, that doesn't necessarily mean it's the best. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature. The answer is C.", "4865": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of andesite match the properties of a rock. So, andesite is a rock. The answer is B.", "4871": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince choke is between the guide words civilian - crank, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "4877": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMrs. Lloyd will bake brownies for dessert, or she will make peach cobbler. The answer is B.", "4883": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation. The answer is A.", "4886": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "4891": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 18 seconds.\n18 hours is too slow. The answer is A.", "4897": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north. The answer is B.", "4914": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Both objects are smooth.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Neither of the objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is smooth. The answer is A.", "4918": "This country is Grenada. The answer is B.", "4919": "In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem. The answer is A.", "4920": "Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n The answer is A.", "4922": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince describe is between the guide words dangle - differ, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "4924": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is A.", "4933": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But plants making food is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "4943": "The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. In particular, it says that the American people can own \"arms.\" The authors understood \"arms\" to include the type of weapons we now call guns. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The answer is A.", "4950": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether building a deck is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs building a deck something you can touch? No.\nIs building a deck a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, building a deck is a service. The answer is A.", "4955": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different kinds of marsupials.\nKangaroos and koalas are both marsupials. Marsupials are mammals with a pouch. In a pouch, a marsupial can hide and protect its young. The answer is B.", "4956": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a pen is 18 centimeters.\n18 millimeters is too short. 18 meters and 18 kilometers are too long. The answer is D.", "4969": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb. Rural areas usually have less traffic. There are less cars and people in rural areas. The answer is A.", "4974": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is GG. The rose plant's genotype of GG has only G allelles. The G allele is for climbing growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of GG has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth. The answer is B.", "4975": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor. The answer is B.", "4977": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy. The answer is B.", "4980": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 335 liters.\n335 milliliters is too little. The answer is B.", "4991": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clatter is between the guide words cinder - couple, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "4996": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The polar bear uses its fur and fat to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe snowy owl has a thick coat of feathers covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe hairy armadillo has scales covering much of its skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places. The answer is A.", "4999": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is A.", "5000": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents the compound pyrite.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether silicon carbide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that silicon carbide is composed of carbon atoms and silicon atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that silicon carbide is composed of two chemical elements: carbon and silicon. Since silicon carbide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silicon carbide is a compound. The answer is A.", "5013": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce. This moss is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that Racomitrium lanuginosum moss is green because its cells contain chlorophyll. This moss uses chlorophyll to capture energy from sunlight.\nThis evidence suggests that Racomitrium lanuginosum moss is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis moss mantis is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the moss mantis is photosynthetic. The moss mantis is green and brown, which helps it hide among mosses and leaves. This camouflage helps the mantis sneak up on its insect prey. The answer is B.", "5018": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "5022": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "5025": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "5032": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air from a hair dryer is a gas. It expands to fill a space.\nA baseball is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you hit a baseball with a bat, the baseball will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a waterfall is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a waterfall into a bucket, the water will take the shape of the bucket. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A chair has a back, a seat, and legs. The answer is C.", "5044": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "5045": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 2 kilometers.\n2 centimeters is too short. The answer is A.", "5046": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nMarcy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Marcy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "5047": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 44 minutes.\n44 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "5049": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "5050": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDull roar is a contradiction, because dull describes a lack of sound, and roar describes a loud sound. The answer is B.", "5052": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The hockey rink and the ice hockey are hard, but the wet ice cube and the yogurt are not.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All four objects are slippery.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The wet ice cube is not flexible.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is slippery. The answer is C.", "5056": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a fire truck is 16 tons.\n16 ounces and 16 pounds are both too light. The answer is C.", "5063": "The answer is C.", "5069": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Erik wants or needs:\nErik will give up the chance to look at the birch tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the tulips. The answer is B.", "5072": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Quincy's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Quincy's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job. The answer is B.", "5073": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "5080": "This country is Fiji. The answer is D.", "5082": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 29 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 22 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 29 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller. The answer is B.", "5086": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Weber is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "5090": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The equator is the line at 0\u00b0 latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Europe. The answer is B.", "5097": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "5119": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is B.", "5126": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether a banana is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a banana something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a banana a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a banana is a good. The answer is B.", "5140": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A green toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a green toad has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. The answer is B.", "5143": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "5144": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the green anemone behind the clownfish.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit. The answer is A.", "5145": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people. The answer is A.", "5146": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.\nThe only arrow pointing from the short-tailed weasel leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the short-tailed weasel to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the mushroom to the earthworm: mushroom->brown lemming->earthworm. There is one path matter can take from the brown lemming to the earthworm: brown lemming->earthworm. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the earthworm: bilberry->brown lemming->earthworm. The answer is A.", "5152": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 80 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 45 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 80 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is B.", "5155": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 2 tons.\n2 ounces and 2 pounds are both too light. The answer is A.", "5175": "This state is Mississippi. The answer is C.", "5180": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The pretzel is bumpy.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The pretzel is not sweet. The answer is A.", "5184": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "5185": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Peridotite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, peridotite is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "5188": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for pyrite contains two symbols: Fe for iron and S for sulfur. So, pyrite is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, pyrite is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for nickel contains one symbol: Ni. So, nickel is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, nickel is an elementary substance. The answer is B.", "5189": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Carassius auratus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCarassius auratus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that goldfish is the common name. The answer is B.", "5190": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nA dime a dozen means abundant or common. The answer is A.", "5200": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 25 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 24 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Logan needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 25 pounds. The answer is B.", "5203": "The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "5208": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce. This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that giant kelp are producers and use carbon dioxide and water to make food inside their cells. This is evidence that the giant kelp is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the leafy sea dragon is photosynthetic. The answer is B.", "5210": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. The answer is B.", "5211": "This country is Dominica. The answer is C.", "5212": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 62 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 50 pounds. So, the cart holding 62 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart. The answer is B.", "5214": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 44\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is B.", "5223": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The velcro is not rough.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The velcro is colorful. The answer is B.", "5226": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dad is not between the guide words degree - doll, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "5238": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "5243": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to brush your teeth is 2 minutes.\n2 seconds is too fast. The answer is B.", "5248": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince back is between the guide words book - bulletin, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "5249": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere. The answer is A.", "5254": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "5256": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Duncan wants or needs:\nDuncan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club. The answer is B.", "5258": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is A.", "5270": "Sometimes a word doesn't belong with the other words in a group. These words are outliers.\nWhen you find an outlier, look at the words around it. The words in a group usually go together. For example, think about the words rarely, sometimes, usually, and new.\nsometimes\nusually\nnew\nrarely\nThese words show how often something happens. Usually and sometimes mean about the same thing. New and rarely don't fit in with the other words. The answer is D.", "5272": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "5274": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "5287": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a bench is 11 feet.\n11 inches is too short. 11 yards and 11 miles are too long. The answer is B.", "5298": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It uses a graph to display information and uses specific figures (2x the meat). The answer is C.", "5302": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince reduce is between the guide words riddle - rye, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5306": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with yellow pods or green pods, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the pod color trait. The question tells you that the d allele, which is for yellow pods, is recessive to the D allele, which is for green pods.\nYellow pods is the recessive allele's version of the pod color trait. A pea plant with the recessive version of the pod color trait must have only recessive alleles for the pod color gene. So, offspring with yellow pods must have the genotype dd.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype dd. These boxes are highlighted below.\nGreen pods is the dominant allele's version of the pod color trait. A pea plant with the dominant version of the pod color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the pod color gene. So, offspring with green pods must have the genotype DD or Dd.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype DD or Dd. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with yellow pods to offspring with green pods is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with yellow pods for every 2 offspring with green pods. The answer is E.", "5308": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is D.", "5311": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The marshmallow is not sour.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The gold ring is shiny, but the apple is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is soft. The answer is B.", "5313": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. Mutter about something has a more negative connotation. If you mutter about something, you speak about it in a quiet, annoyed way. The answer is B.", "5316": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "5333": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee. The answer is A.", "5335": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "5346": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity. The answer is A.", "5351": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Seeds can be many shapes, colors, and sizes.\nSeeds can be small, like the seeds of a violet.\nThey can be large, like the seeds of a sunflower.\nSeeds can be red, like the seeds of a poppy.\nSeeds can be black, like the seeds of a crowberry.\nSeeds can be white, like the seeds of a sweet pea.\nSeeds can be round, like the seeds of a dandelion.\nSeeds can be oval, like the seeds of a pea. The answer is B.", "5352": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is B.", "5355": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince market is between the guide words mechanic - monk, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5362": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The muskmelon plant has two alleles for sweet fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene is ff. The answer is B.", "5389": "This state is New Jersey. The answer is D.", "5400": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the box.\nThe jewelry box is made of two different materials. The box is made of wood, and the hinges are metal. The answer is A.", "5408": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic hare.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic hare has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic hare uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe scarlet snake has thin, stretchy skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places. The answer is A.", "5415": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe crocodile egg fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely older than the fern fossil. The answer is A.", "5416": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince oh is between the guide words oar - orphan, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5418": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two mugs of cider have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C mug of cider is hotter than the 30\u00b0C mug of cider, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "5421": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The hiker's hand applies a force to the litter. This force is a pull. The direction of this pull is toward her hand. The answer is A.", "5441": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "5447": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is B.", "5456": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The force of Earth's gravity pulls the diver downward. The direction of the pull is toward the center of Earth. The answer is A.", "5469": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nBert noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Bert was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "5471": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A golden frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nCardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night. The answer is A.", "5472": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. I wear an apron it keeps my dress clean is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: I wear an apron and It keeps my dress clean. The answer is A.", "5474": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The dress is not hard.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The dress is soft. The answer is B.", "5475": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nTearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the paper inside change shape. But they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "5476": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can stick to other things. The soccer shorts are not sticky.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. Both objects are blue.\nThe property that both objects have in common is blue. The answer is A.", "5490": "This country is Grenada. The answer is A.", "5499": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is C.", "5507": "Look at the table and images.\nMonica wants broccoli. Diana wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "5511": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the sturgeon.\nThe sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The sturgeon uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bat ray's mouth is located on the underside of its head. Its mouth points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding.\nThe emperor angelfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding. The answer is A.", "5522": "Diana wanted broccoli in her lunch and Gabby was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nDiana has tomatoes. Gabby has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "5529": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Vincent is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "5533": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Reba has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is B.", "5540": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nManny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain. The answer is D.", "5543": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long. The answer is B.", "5545": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "5547": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The invention of the printing press was a new technology that made copying books faster and easier. So, the supply of books went up. The answer is A.", "5548": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "5559": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "5563": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the bank.\nWhen Maria called the bank, she learned that her checking account was overdrawn. The answer is B.", "5564": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "5573": "The city is San Antonio, Texas. Chicago, New York City, and San Francisco are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is A.", "5584": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nThe pond has frozen over, so Nellie will go ice skating. The answer is A.", "5589": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince boulder is not between the guide words bike - bridge, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5592": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that your father wants you to work around the house more, because he doesn't want you to spend time with your friends. However, the fact that your father wants you to work around the house more doesn't necessarily suggest that he doesn't want you to spend time with your friends. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is C.", "5603": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two oranges are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter orange has more thermal energy. The answer is B.", "5606": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The pineapple is not rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The pineapple is stretchy. The answer is B.", "5611": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "5618": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "5623": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the short-tailed weasel.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThis screech owl has gray and brown feathers on its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is A.", "5625": "Mimicry is when one animal looks or acts like another animal. Mimicry can help an animal stay safe. For example, a harmless insect may look like a harmful insect. A harmless snake may look like a venomous snake. The answer is B.", "5634": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Sacramento is the capital of California the state government meets there is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sacramento is the capital of California and The state government meets there. The answer is B.", "5637": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "5639": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Megan or Carly.\nMegan smiled and said hello when she ran into Carly at the post office.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Megan ran into Carly at the post office, she smiled and said hello. The answer is B.", "5642": "This country is Samoa. The answer is A.", "5648": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "5651": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a water pitcher is 11 cups.\n11 fluid ounces is too little and 11 gallons is too much. The answer is C.", "5663": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "5664": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 345 milliliters.\n345 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "5667": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is B.", "5671": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is a run-on sentence. It is formed from two sentences run together, joined without punctuation.\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection; it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle. The answer is A.", "5674": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A black howler's scientific name is Alouatta caraya.\nOvis orientalis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis orientalis are not in the same species.\nAlouatta caraya has the same scientific name as a black howler. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nOvis canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis canadensis are not in the same species. The answer is B.", "5683": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words tune and back rhyme. They both end with the un sound.\nThe word pack does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "5691": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The caramel corn and the chocolate syrup are not blue.\nSugar has a sweet taste. All three objects are sweet.\nA lemon has a sour taste. None of the objects are sour.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sweet. The answer is A.", "5694": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The answer is B.", "5696": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is D.", "5697": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "5698": "A target is a good symbol for accuracy. The bull's-eye is the center of the target. If you throw a dart that hits the bull's-eye, the dart is accurate. The answer is A.", "5710": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hair spray is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much. The answer is A.", "5711": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nSusan finished her book, but she got two more from the library. The answer is B.", "5720": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second confirmation text message is more formal. It uses more elevated language (thank you for confirming your appointment). The other confirmation text message uses contractions (thanks, C U) and is more familiar (we'll see you). The answer is B.", "5722": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Amy or Annie.\nAmy asked Annie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Annie has a gluten allergy, Amy asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting. The answer is A.", "5724": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A cat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a cat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, an orb weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is B.", "5725": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the short-tailed weasel.\nDuring the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe polar bear has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe porcupine has black-and-white spines covering its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is A.", "5726": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bullseye's observable version of the fur color trait is brown fur. So, Bullseye's phenotype for the fur color trait is brown fur. The answer is B.", "5734": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accuse is not between the guide words another - away, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5736": "Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The answer is A.", "5747": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Christine thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds. The answer is B.", "5748": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest west. The answer is C.", "5755": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nThe United States government can collect taxes.\nIt can be proved by reading the U.S. Constitution.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople are taxed too much.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much. The answer is A.", "5761": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, raise. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "5770": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The ceramic mug is opaque, but the window, the ice cycle, and the water pitcher are not.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All four objects are fragile.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The window and the ice cycle are transparent, but the ceramic mug and the water pitcher are not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is fragile. The answer is A.", "5774": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of rock. The answer is B.", "5781": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "5789": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nA skull is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a skull is not a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nHornblende is a mineral. The answer is C.", "5795": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is D.", "5801": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is A.", "5805": "This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force. The answer is D.", "5806": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south. The answer is D.", "5808": "Announce doesn't belong.\nSay and tell both name speaking out loud. The answer is B.", "5812": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "5816": "Look at the table and images.\nKevin wants broccoli. Aaliyah wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "5828": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "5830": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A street lamp is not a living thing.\nStreet lamps do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nA spruce tree is a living thing.\nSpruce trees grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water. Spruce trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. The answer is B.", "5836": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is C.", "5840": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two bath towels are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter bath towel has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "5845": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is B.", "5859": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nLet go is an indirect way of saying that people were fired. The answer is A.", "5864": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "5871": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 150 milliliters.\n150 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "5876": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 35 millimeters.\n35 centimeters and 35 meters are both too long. The answer is A.", "5880": "Holi celebrates the beginning of spring.\nHoli is a festival of colors. It is a time when people throw colored powder and water on each other. The answer is C.", "5881": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word for is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Bad Kitty for President. The answer is B.", "5886": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA wombat is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWombats have strong claws on their front feet. They use their claws to dig underground holes called burrows.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. The answer is A.", "5888": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "5889": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA toy car is not a living thing.\nA toy car does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nA crayon does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA hedge maze is not a living thing.\nA hedge maze does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a straight line, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water. The answer is D.", "5890": "Dover is the capital of Delaware. The answer is B.", "5893": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down. The answer is A.", "5900": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "5901": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shower is not between the guide words seven - strange, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5903": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince scooter is not between the guide words shop - swept, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "5912": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "5913": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A dwarf crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. The answer is A.", "5919": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place. The answer is A.", "5922": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "5925": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the common swift.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common swift uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe barn swallow has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The hanging parrot uses its beak to eat fruit and seeds. The answer is B.", "5933": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A tawny owl's scientific name is Strix aluco. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nGoura cristata is in the genus Goura. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. So, Goura cristata and Strix aluco are not in the same genus.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Strix aluco are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the tawny owl are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Strix aluco. The answer is B.", "5934": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is B.", "5940": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The second sentence states a fact.\nFor thousands of years, the natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing.\nIt can be proved by looking up the history of kayaks.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPaddling a kayak down a river is the most unforgettable experience.\nMost unforgettable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes an experience unforgettable. The answer is B.", "5946": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLara's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nLara's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "5956": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "5959": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing.\" The answer is B.", "5961": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Krysta doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Krysta doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is A.", "5975": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the plastic ball is more flexible. If you squeeze a plastic ball, it will not break. The answer is B.", "5978": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBleaching clothes is a chemical change. The bleach reacts with dark stains on the clothes. The reaction changes the stains into different types of matter that wash away easily.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "5981": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is B.", "5986": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All three objects are slippery.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The wet bar of soap and the yogurt are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is slippery. The answer is C.", "5990": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The Channel catfish's observable version of the body color trait is a brown body. So, the catfish's phenotype for the body color trait is a brown body. The answer is A.", "5991": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bear sedge.\nThere are two arrows pointing to the collared lemming. One arrow starts from the bear sedge. The other arrow starts from the lichen. The lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bear sedge to the collared lemming. The answer is B.", "5992": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "5994": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nIguazu Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the world. It is located in South America. Low rainfall in 1978 caused the falls to run dry that year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the amount of rainfall at Iguazu Falls in 1978. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "5995": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the hawfinch.\nThe hawfinch has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The hawfinch uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe Asian golden weaver has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds.\nThe common swift has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack hard seeds. The common swift uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates. The answer is B.", "5998": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is C.", "6001": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. The answer is B.", "6005": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A wombat is an animal. It eats plants.\nWombats have strong claws. They use their claws to dig tunnels called burrows.\nA maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves.\nMaple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown. The answer is A.", "6008": "This state is Missouri. The answer is A.", "6020": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the grizzly bear starts from the barren-ground caribou. The only arrow pointing to the barren-ground caribou starts from the lichen. The answer is A.", "6023": "Both of the African wild dogs have four legs.\nAfrican wild dogs have long, thin legs. They can run fast, and they use their legs to walk and hunt.\nThis picture shows two African wild dogs running. The answer is B.", "6028": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the door.\nThe door is made of two different materials. The answer is A.", "6029": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Philip attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month. The answer is D.", "6037": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Senator Fischer hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Fischer wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is A.", "6046": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Cinderella is a fairy tale.\nThe allusion Cinderella means a fairy tale. The answer is A.", "6051": "This country is The Bahamas. The answer is B.", "6052": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. An orange tree is a plant. It can grow fruit.\nOrange trees grow in sunny, warm places. They can be damaged by cold weather.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are mammals that live in the ocean. They have flippers instead of arms! The answer is A.", "6054": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "6072": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Sage's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Sage's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sage's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nSage's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat. The answer is B.", "6078": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "6083": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. A famous group will sing here on Saturday is a complete sentence. The subject is a famous group, and the verb is will sing. The answer is A.", "6091": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right. The answer is A.", "6092": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word man is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Elephant Man. The answer is B.", "6096": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nLacerta agilis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Lacerta agilis and Macropus agilis have the same species name within their genus, agilis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Lacerta agilis is in the genus Lacerta, and Macropus agilis is in the genus Macropus.\nThis organism and the agile wallaby are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Macropus agilis.\nHyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla cinerea and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "6099": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is C.", "6112": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is D.", "6115": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation in London. The answer is B.", "6116": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince is between the guide words serape - spice. It would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "6118": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "6120": "This country is Trinidad and Tobago. The answer is B.", "6123": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.\nStrix aluco is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix aluco and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.\nArdea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla.\nThis organism and the green tree frog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Hyla cinerea. The answer is C.", "6125": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Moxie's genotype for the wool color gene is ll. Moxie's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for black wool. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for black wool (l) is recessive to the allele for white wool (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool. The answer is A.", "6127": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nIf we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls. The answer is B.", "6129": "This state is Colorado. The answer is A.", "6133": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A bison is an animal. It eats mostly grass.\nMale bison can use their horns to defend themselves.\nA pear tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nPeople first grew pear trees in ancient times. The answer is A.", "6138": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Casey's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Casey's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as. The answer is A.", "6144": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years. The answer is B.", "6145": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east. The answer is B.", "6152": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Martina investigated whether spraying air plants every day affects them. So, the plants that were soaked in water and sprayed were part of an experimental group.\nThe plants that were only soaked in water were not sprayed. So, they were not part of an experimental group. The answer is A.", "6162": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Devon has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is B.", "6163": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Rachel has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is A.", "6164": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "6179": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Livingston Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Livingston's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Livingston Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Livingston's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "6184": "The answer is C.", "6185": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "6186": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. On that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is B.", "6187": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince persuade is between the guide words prey - punch, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "6188": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Over the summer, my cousin Reba visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Reba, and the verb is visited. The answer is A.", "6193": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the citizens or several competent city council members.\nThe citizens of Oakland have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nSeveral competent city council members have been elected in Oakland, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy. The answer is B.", "6201": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "6204": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (in hot water).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "6207": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is B.", "6212": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "6214": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **In an Old House**. The answer is B.", "6215": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is A.", "6219": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "6222": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "6223": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "6232": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPut their dog to sleep is a more indirect way of saying have the veterinarian kill their dog. The answer is A.", "6245": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Valeria, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Valeria down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Valeria up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Valeria. The answer is A.", "6257": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A black-tailed jackrabbit's scientific name is Lepus californicus.\nErinaceus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, Lepus californicus and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same species.\nSciurus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, Lepus californicus and Sciurus vulgaris are not in the same species.\nLepus californicus has the same scientific name as a black-tailed jackrabbit. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "6263": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is A.", "6266": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas. The answer is B.", "6269": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the coat.\nThe coat is made of two materials. The buttons are made of plastic. The rest of the coat is made of red wool.\nRed wool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes. The answer is B.", "6278": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget. The answer is A.", "6283": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nSome mosquitoes carry germs that can cause diseases like yellow fever.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about mosquitoes.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe worst diseases are spread to humans by mosquitoes.\nWorst shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which diseases are the worst. The answer is A.", "6290": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the coat.\nThe coat is made of two materials. The buttons are made of plastic. The rest of the coat is made of wool.\nWool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes. The answer is B.", "6291": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. The answer is A.", "6293": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nGabbro is a rock.\nRhyolite is a rock.\nSteel is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, steel is not a rock. The answer is A.", "6304": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or slippery. The tree bark is not smooth.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The tree bark is not slippery.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. All three objects are scratchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is scratchy. The answer is B.", "6306": "Look at the table and images.\nNaomi wants broccoli. Emilia wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "6307": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Susan's bedroom is neat she puts everything away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Susan's bedroom is neat and She puts everything away. The answer is A.", "6308": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The corn on the cob is yellow.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The corn on the cob is not scratchy. The answer is B.", "6316": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Professor Powell's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is A.", "6323": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. The bubbles in soda are a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour soda into a different container, the bubbles will take the shape of that container. But the bubbles will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is C.", "6326": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Nevada is farthest west. The answer is B.", "6327": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Sanjay started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Sanjay and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit. The answer is C.", "6329": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nWhen frightened, the bearded dragon can spread out its spiny scales to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the bearded dragon will spread out its spiny scales to scare it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe spectacled cobra has a hood around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe lace monitor has a small neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator. The answer is B.", "6331": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is B.", "6334": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is B.", "6338": "Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The answer is A.", "6345": "Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance. H is the symbol for hydrogen. O is the symbol for oxygen. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols H and O. There are two hydrogen atoms, so H will have a subscript of 2. There is one oxygen atom, so O will not have a subscript.\nThe correct formula is H2 O2.\nThe diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above. The answer is A.", "6365": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Hazel wants or needs:\nHazel will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about. The answer is A.", "6371": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "6372": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is B.", "6375": "The elevation of a place is its height above or below sea level.\nSome places are higher elevation than others. Mountains, for example, are usually higher elevation than valleys. The tops of mountains are usually the highest elevation places in an area. So, the mountains are at a higher elevation than the valley below. The answer is C.", "6376": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A pebble is not a living thing.\nPebbles do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA cabbage is a living thing.\nCabbages grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Cabbages are made up of many cells.\nCabbages are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nFerris wheels do not have all of the traits of living things. They move in a circle, but they do not grow. They do not need food or water.\nA television is not a living thing.\nTelevisions do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. The answer is B.", "6377": "Sarah wanted broccoli in her lunch and Dave was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSarah has tomatoes. Dave has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "6378": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word but is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is No Time but Now. The answer is A.", "6381": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Masoala National Park has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms. The answer is A.", "6387": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is A.", "6391": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "6400": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is C.", "6406": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is B.", "6408": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "6410": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait. First, consider the alleles in Chirpie's genotype for the body feather color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nChirpie's genotype of Bb has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be green body feathers. The answer is B.", "6412": "Look at the table and images.\nTara wants broccoli. Jeremiah wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "6442": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon shorts are more flexible. If you fold nylon fabric, it will not break. The answer is A.", "6445": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is A.", "6454": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "6455": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that wearing expensive clothes will lead to a raise. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, a boss might give raises to employees who wear expensive clothes for any number of reasons unrelated to the employees' clothing. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "6457": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether ethane is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of ethane is composed of eight hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that ethane is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and carbon. Since ethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethane is a compound. The answer is B.", "6467": "Look at the passage. It tells you why young Mae looked at the stars.\nMae Jemison always wanted to go to space. As a child, she looked at the stars and dreamed of flying there. She also liked to read books about stars, planets, and space. The answer is B.", "6469": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "6470": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation. The answer is A.", "6472": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "6482": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. My little brother is as sweet as pie.\nThe words brother and pie are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is B.", "6502": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. The air moving through a trombone is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air in a trombone expands to fill all the space inside the trombone. When air leaves the trombone, the air expands to fill a much larger space. The answer is A.", "6504": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Tammy started sledding. As Tammy rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Tammy rode down the hill. The answer is C.", "6517": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the leopard.\nThe leopard has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The leopard uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian lynx has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe aardvark has a long tube-shaped mouth and a few, small teeth. It does not have sharp teeth. So, its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The aardvark uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows. The answer is B.", "6525": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nOn February 12, 1894, a record high wind speed of 87 miles per hour was recorded in Chicago.\nThis passage tells you about the wind speed in Chicago on February 12, 1894. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "6534": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nThe Sahara Desert covers a large part of northern Africa. It does not get much rainfall each year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in the Sahara Desert. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "6535": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "6536": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (has, a gig).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "6537": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Zachary found the smell rather nauseous.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Zachary felt rather nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "6539": "This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. The answer is D.", "6541": "Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska. The answer is C.", "6542": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. Both objects are shiny.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The metal foil is not scratchy.\nThe property that both objects have in common is shiny. The answer is A.", "6546": "Columbia is the capital of South Carolina. The answer is A.", "6553": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the magnifying glass.\nThe magnifying glass is made of two different materials. The handle is made of red plastic, and the rest of the magnifying glass is made of glass. The answer is A.", "6557": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the piranha.\nThe piranha has large, sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The piranha uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The answer is A.", "6558": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is D.", "6560": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "6573": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flicka's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Flicka's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool. The answer is B.", "6574": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. Prairie grasslands have the following features: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. So, the Buffalo Gap National Grassland has hot summers. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "6576": "New York City is the capital of New York. The answer is A.", "6577": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each blue whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne blue whale moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other blue whale moved 55 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each blue whale spent the same amount of time moving. The blue whale that moved 40 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that blue whale must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is B.", "6578": "This country is Samoa. The answer is C.", "6585": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the vinyl album or Mr. Terry's old record player.\nJust as Mr. Terry was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe vinyl album broke just as Mr. Terry was about to play it on his old record player. The answer is A.", "6588": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is B.", "6591": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a limousine is 6 yards.\n6 inches and 6 feet are both too short. The answer is A.", "6608": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "6609": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "6611": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lucky is between the guide words laid - lizard, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "6619": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dozen is between the guide words dine - drown, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "6620": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The Channel catfish has one allele for a brown body (B) and one allele for a white body (b). So, the catfish's genotype for the body color gene is Bb. The answer is A.", "6624": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a bicycle is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy. The answer is B.", "6626": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is C.", "6635": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A seal is an animal. It eats fish.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nAn avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of avocado trees are called green. The answer is A.", "6636": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 50 seconds.\n50 hours is too slow. The answer is A.", "6637": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion down the rabbit hole is literature.\nLewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a young girl who follows a white rabbit down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a series of adventures in a surreal world.\nThe allusion down the rabbit hole means on a strange or difficult exploration. The answer is A.", "6646": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThe air was muggy and humid today where Eli lives.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity today where Eli lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "6648": "Sometimes, you need to make a decision.\nWhen you have to decide, it is often helpful to list the options.\nThen, decide which option is the best.\nNever let a problem go unsolved.\nIf you have a problem, write it down and think about how you can solve it.\nDone means completed.\nThe work is done.\nAlways means always.\nI always arrive at work by 9:00 a.m.\nSometimes means at times.\nSometimes, I eat lunch at home. The answer is C.", "6652": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Griffins or their relatives.\nThe Griffins see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Griffins visit Florida, they see their relatives. The answer is B.", "6660": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick. The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same temperature. So, the hotter brick has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "6662": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe cat's silver eyes were two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe cat's silver eyes were like two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared using the word like. The answer is A.", "6671": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first order confirmation is more formal. It uses more elevated language (will send a confirmation, as soon as). The other order confirmation uses contractions (we'll, ASAP) and sounds more conversational. The answer is B.", "6685": "Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas. The answer is D.", "6686": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "6687": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince butler is between the guide words bathtub - blend, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "6691": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, change. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "6697": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "6710": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lady's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Lady's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool. The answer is B.", "6712": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "6713": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, secondary consumers have arrows pointing to them from primary consumers. Primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is not a primary consumer. So, the sea urchin is not a secondary consumer.\nThe orca has an arrow pointing to it from the sea otter. The sea otter is a primary consumer, so the orca is a secondary consumer.\nThe kelp bass has arrows pointing to it from the plainfin midshipman and the black rockfish. The plainfin midshipman and the black rockfish are primary consumers, so the kelp bass is a secondary consumer.\nThe kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is not a secondary consumer.\nThe zooplankton has an arrow pointing to it from the phytoplankton. The phytoplankton is a producer, so the zooplankton is a primary consumer. The answer is C.", "6717": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "6726": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent, but the car bumper is not.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The tree bark is rough, but the shield is not.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny. The answer is B.", "6728": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A chameleon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a chameleon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other crabs, a blue crab is an arthropod. Arthropods are invertebrates. They do not have a backbone. They have an exoskeleton.\nLike other jellyfishes, a crown jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. The answer is B.", "6729": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "6732": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, spend. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "6734": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "6735": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "6738": "Look at the table.\nThe abbreviation \"ca.\" stands for the Latin word, circa. Circa means \"about.\" It indicates when a date is estimated. So, around 1792 BCE, the Babylonian Empire started controlling Mesopotamia.\nThe Babylonian (ba-bih-LOH-nee-in) Empire came after the Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian empires. The capital of the Babylonian Empire was the city of Babylon (BA-bih-lahn). The answer is C.", "6739": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator.\nLithobates catesbeianus is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates catesbeianus and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same genus.\nIctinia mississippiensis and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ictinia mississippiensis and Alligator mississippiensis have the same species name within their genus, mississippiensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ictinia mississippiensis is in the genus Ictinia, and Alligator mississippiensis is in the genus Alligator.\nAlligator sinensis is in the genus Alligator. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator. So, Alligator sinensis and Alligator mississippiensis are in the same genus. The answer is C.", "6759": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "6763": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two water balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter water balloon has more thermal energy. The answer is B.", "6774": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe famous Venus de Milo statue was found on Milos, a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea. The answer is A.", "6779": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "6780": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "6782": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "6785": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. An emerald tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nTree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months!\nA bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nMale bison have horns. They can use their horns to defend themselves.\nA wombat is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWombats have strong claws. They use their claws to dig underground holes called burrows.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal. The answer is D.", "6786": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "6798": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that a television show must be bad because someone the speaker hates enjoys it. However, this is not evidence that the show is bad. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is C.", "6802": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Empire State Building is 1,250 feet tall.\nIt can be proved by checking an accurate website about the Empire State Building.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe Empire State Building is too tall.\nToo tall shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how tall is too tall. The answer is B.", "6809": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic. The answer is A.", "6814": "This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve. The answer is B.", "6815": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is C.", "6825": "An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.\nA permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.\nThe function of a protein depends on its structure. So, if a mutation in a gene changes a protein's structure, the mutation may also change the protein's function.\nAn organism's observable traits are affected by the functions of its proteins. So, a gene mutation that affects a protein's function may also affect an organism's observable traits. A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.\nSo, the mutation in the CLCN1 gene affected the structure and function of the chloride channel protein. The answer is B.", "6827": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is B.", "6830": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA smooth newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA smooth newt has the traits of an amphibian. A smooth newt is an amphibian.\nA loggerhead sea turtle has the following traits:\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA loggerhead sea turtle does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A loggerhead sea turtle is a reptile. The answer is A.", "6835": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The pea plant's genotype for the stem height gene is hh. The pea plant's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for a short stem. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a tall stem (H) is dominant over the allele for a short stem (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem. The answer is A.", "6850": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Andrew is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Andrew moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "6851": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 11 pounds.\n11 ounces is too light and 11 tons is too heavy. The answer is A.", "6863": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 325 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is C.", "6867": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the power lines.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Ariel requested a permit to have the power lines removed. The answer is B.", "6868": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **And Then It's Spring**. The answer is B.", "6873": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Sophia Browning is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though Sophia Browning became vice president of the parent-teacher association after these problems began, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused them. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is B.", "6875": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMom wraps the packages, and Dad drops them off at the post office. The answer is B.", "6877": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dove is between the guide words deck - drawer, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "6880": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "6886": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is A.", "6891": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is B.", "6899": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. The answer is B.", "6902": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean. The answer is C.", "6916": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each cake decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each cake decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each cake to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "6923": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with experts.\nExperts say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline. The answer is A.", "6924": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 43 milliliters.\n43 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "6940": "The city is Phoenix, Arizona. San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Las Vegas are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is C.", "6942": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A red salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red salamander has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. The answer is B.", "6948": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information. The answer is B.", "6953": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nBert seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nBert subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "6955": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mars.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Earth. The volume of Earth is 1.08 x 10^12 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^12 km^3. So, Earth's volume is less than ten times as great as Mars's volume. The answer is A.", "6956": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "6958": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 13 meters.\n13 centimeters is too short. The answer is A.", "6964": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion. It links the air freshener to positive feelings. The answer is B.", "6965": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Billy and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Billy and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Billy and Earth increased as he rode the escalator. The answer is B.", "6967": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "6981": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.\nThe silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is a producer.\nThe beaver has an arrow pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\nThe gray fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.\nThe pine vole does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the pine vole is a producer.\nThe persimmon tree has an arrow pointing to it, so it is not a producer. The answer is D.", "6984": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nAs quietly as little gray, sculptured stones compares the rabbits' behavior to the behavior of little gray sculptured stones. The answer is A.", "6987": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The student's finger applies a force to a key as she types. The direction of this force is away from the student's finger. This force is a push. The answer is A.", "6990": "When you review a fellow student's writing, try to make your feedback clear and specific. You can use questions such as the following to guide your feedback:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear main idea and develop it with evidence, examples, and analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that the ideas build on one another and are easy to follow?\nSentence fluency: Do the writer's sentences vary in structure and length, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely, avoiding excessive repetition or inappropriate language to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer use accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her word choice by using more specific language.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined text more descriptive language, such as the perfect bicycle; comfortable; durable; my cell phone, a water bottle, and a snack; foldable, umbrella-like top; unusual color like turquoise or magenta; my own custom bicycle; and thrilling.\nIf I could invent something, I would create a really nice bicycle. My bike would have a good seat and great tires so that I could ride it anywhere. It would also have a bell and special pockets for carrying things. A special top would be wonderful, so I could ride it in the rain but also enjoy the sun. I would choose a fun color to reflect my personality. Inventing a new bike would be cool. The answer is B.", "7000": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is B.", "7005": "Look at the table and images.\nTerrell wants broccoli. Allie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "7007": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in the food changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But an antacid tablet reacting with water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "7012": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Julia started sledding. As Julia rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Julia rode down the hill. The answer is C.", "7014": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck.\nThe black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European beaver has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe sable has long claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The sable uses its feet to dig burrows. The answer is A.", "7021": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Darnell's observable version of the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis. So, Darnell's phenotype for the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis. The answer is B.", "7023": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is A.", "7026": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nBrody always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor. The answer is A.", "7031": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is C.", "7033": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "7037": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Rust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bike frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. The answer is B.", "7038": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the great egret.\nThe great egret has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great egret to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe painted stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe mallard has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. The answer is B.", "7041": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a trumpet is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy. The answer is C.", "7047": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nMadison, the capital of Wisconsin, is located in the southern part of the state. For two weeks in December, the temperature never rose above 20\u00b0F.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Madison in December. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "7052": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chitters has two alleles for white legs (L). So, Chitters's genotype for the leg color gene is LL. The answer is A.", "7055": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "7057": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis.\nAlligator sinensis does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Alligator sinensis and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same species.\nAequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Aequorea victoria and Alligator mississippiensis are not in the same species.\nAlligator mississippiensis has the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is B.", "7059": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. The tin foil is opaque.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tin foil is not bouncy. The answer is B.", "7064": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Angel has two alleles for yellow legs (l). So, Angel's genotype for the leg color gene is ll. The answer is A.", "7078": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word slouched. It describes the oak tree as if it were a person who is tired or dejected. The answer is B.", "7083": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is A.", "7085": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "7092": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton apron is the softest. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape. The answer is B.", "7094": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All four objects are translucent.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The honey is sweet, but the ice cream sundae is not.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The bubble gum and the honey are sticky, but the ice cream sundae is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is translucent. The answer is B.", "7107": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, deliver. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is A.", "7108": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a classroom is 75\u00b0F.\n75\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "7115": "Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. The answer is C.", "7119": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two blocks of iron have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the block of iron with more mass has more thermal energy. The answer is B.", "7121": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the swim goggles.\nThe swim goggles are made of plastic.\nPlastic is a strong, light material that is used to make many types of things. Some swim goggles are made of silicone. But silicone is not as durable as plastic. So, silicone goggles are usually more expensive. The answer is B.", "7124": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "7126": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether ethanol is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of ethanol is composed of four hydrogen atoms, one carbon atom, and one oxygen atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that ethanol is composed of three chemical elements: hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Since ethanol is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethanol is a compound. The answer is B.", "7130": "The city is Boston, Massachusetts. Atlanta, Washington, D.C., and San Antonio are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is B.", "7134": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor.\nOvis canadensis and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ovis canadensis and Castor canadensis have the same species name within their genus, canadensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ovis canadensis is in the genus Ovis, and Castor canadensis is in the genus Castor.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the North American beaver are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Castor canadensis. The answer is A.", "7135": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "7138": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second online professional profile is more formal. It uses more elevated language (certified college graduate). The other professional profile uses contractions (I've) and seeks to get a job teaching without explicitly stating that the speaker is a college graduate. The answer is A.", "7140": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. The answer is B.", "7145": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nGeckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.\nA dwarf crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water.\nA tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nTiger sharks are nocturnal. This means that they are active mostly at night.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell. The answer is A.", "7147": "Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance. B is the symbol for boron. F is the symbol for fluorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one boron atom and three fluorine atoms.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols B and F. There is one boron atom, so B will not have a subscript. There are three fluorine atoms, so F will have a subscript of 3.\nThe correct formula is BF3.\nThe diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above. The answer is A.", "7150": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 105\u00b0F cup of black tea is hotter than the 100\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "7161": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Undyne's genotype for the Bekko patterning gene is BB. Undyne's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Bekko patterning. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Undyne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having Bekko patterning (b) is recessive to the allele for having Bekko patterning (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nUndyne's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning. The answer is B.", "7164": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait. First, consider the alleles in Dutchess's genotype for the ear type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curled ears (E) is dominant over the allele for straight ears (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nDutchess's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait must be curled ears. The answer is A.", "7188": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brow is between the guide words bolt - buckled, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "7191": "In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem. The answer is A.", "7192": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase gobbled up. It describes the tide as if it were a hungry person. The answer is B.", "7206": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. My ancestors are from Russia, they came here many years ago is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: My ancestors are from Russia and They came here many years ago. The answer is B.", "7207": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rock is not between the guide words regret - ruffle, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "7208": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "7209": "This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force. The answer is B.", "7212": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Barbara should either stop reading paranormal romance novels or admit she doesn't believe in empowering women. However, someone can both enjoy reading paranormal romance novels and also believe in empowering women. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is A.", "7215": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chief is between the guide words cafe - consent, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "7216": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. West Virginia is farthest north. The answer is D.", "7219": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word york is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The New York Times. The answer is A.", "7226": "Some animals are smarter than others. Parrots are known to be very smart. African greys are considered to be the smartest type of parrot. They can learn to speak and mimic human words. They can also learn to do math.\nMath is a series of steps that starts with simple ideas and ends with complex ones. Math is used in many ways in our daily lives. For example, we might use it to calculate how much money we have after buying items at a store.\nSome birds are known to use tools. A tool is a object that you use to get something done. For example, a wrench is a tool. You can use a wrench to tighten a bolt. To do this, the wrench must be the right size and shape.\nTool use is not as common as math among animals. But it is not as rare as you might think. Some birds use tools to get food. For example, a crow might use a tool to reach a piece of food that is out of reach.\nSome animals are trained to do math. Animals in the wild do not usually learn math. Alex the parrot learned to do math. This made him different from most parrots. The answer is C.", "7235": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The population of Millersburg fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Millersburg has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too. The answer is B.", "7238": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each train moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne train moved 835 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other train moved 945 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each train spent the same amount of time moving. The train that moved 835 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that train must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is A.", "7244": "Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nEmmet has tomatoes. Kathleen has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "7250": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Darkness comes quickly on long winter nights is a complete sentence. The subject is darkness, and the verb is comes. The answer is A.", "7255": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has one allele for inflated pods (D) and one allele for constricted pods (d). So, the plant's genotype for the pod shape gene is Dd. The answer is A.", "7266": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The tomato plant has one allele for red fruit (F) and one allele for yellow fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit color gene is Ff. The answer is A.", "7267": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Denise hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nDenise made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "7270": "When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n Look at the picture.\nThe word roaring describes the sound this lion makes. You can tell by looking at the lion's mouth and hearing the word roaring in your mind.\nSplashing and banging can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds this lion makes. The answer is A.", "7272": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 65 centimeters.\n65 kilometers is too long. The answer is B.", "7285": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "7291": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nBella was stung by a bee, so her finger is slightly swollen. The answer is A.", "7301": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 8 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 2 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 3 more solute particles on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left. The answer is A.", "7306": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is B.", "7310": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "7318": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "7319": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion the holy grail is history.\nThe legend of the holy grail involves the search for the cup that Jesus used during the Last Supper.\nThe allusion the holy grail means a goal that is very difficult to achieve. The answer is A.", "7322": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 42 liters.\n42 milliliters is too little. The answer is B.", "7329": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a guitar is 4 kilograms.\n4 grams is too light. The answer is B.", "7333": "The colony is Delaware. The answer is B.", "7336": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "7348": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statement describes the Steigerwald Forest ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The following statements do not describe the Steigerwald Forest: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has a small amount of rain or snow. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is A.", "7349": "The timeline shows that the colonies were founded during the 1600 s. The Revolutionary War started in the 1770 s. Subtract 1600 from 1770.\n1770 minus 1600 is 170.\nThere were 150 years between the founding of Jamestown, Virginia, and the start of the Revolutionary War. The answer is A.", "7358": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince foolish is between the guide words flee - frontier, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "7365": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, blinks. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "7367": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "7373": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the red-eared slider.\nThe red-eared slider has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the red-eared slider uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe California gull has small claws and webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe New Zealand falcon has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The New Zealand falcon uses its feet to grab prey. The answer is B.", "7374": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "7385": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Argo's observable version of the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat. So, Argo's phenotype for the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat. The answer is A.", "7387": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Law of Life.\" The answer is B.", "7390": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable. The answer is A.", "7395": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. New Mexico is farthest west. The answer is A.", "7403": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is A.", "7405": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. The answer is A.", "7415": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three gold bars have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 31\u00b0F gold bar is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "7418": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Channel Tunnel, which runs beneath the English Channel, connects England and France by rail.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the Channel Tunnel.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe construction of the Channel Tunnel cost a ridiculous amount of money.\nRidiculous shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much money is a ridiculous amount. The answer is B.", "7424": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Becky is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "7428": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "7432": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn albatross is a bird. Like other birds, an albatross is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA rockfish is a fish. Like other fish, a rockfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is C.", "7434": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jenny or Annie.\nAfter Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nJenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline. The answer is A.", "7447": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\" This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nLady Clare\nHe does not love me for my birth,\nNor for my lands so broad and fair;\nHe loves me for my own true worth,\nAnd that is well,\" said Lady Clare. The answer is B.", "7457": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Neither of the objects are smooth.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Both objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is rough. The answer is B.", "7462": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "7465": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A brown pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus occidentalis.\nPelecanus occidentalis has the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nArdea cocoi does not have the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, Pelecanus occidentalis and Ardea cocoi are not in the same species.\nIctinia mississippiensis does not have the same scientific name as a brown pelican. So, Pelecanus occidentalis and Ictinia mississippiensis are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "7466": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Ken Henderson is the ideal candidate because so many people turned out to vote for him. However, just because many people voted for Ken Henderson, it doesn't necessarily mean he is the ideal candidate. He could be a popular candidate for other reasons. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is A.", "7467": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "7470": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "7474": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Cleo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Cleo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cleo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for light fur (f) is recessive to the allele for dark fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nCleo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur. The answer is A.", "7477": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Fred doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook. The answer is B.", "7480": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "7483": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the barracuda.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The baracuda uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bull shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe magnificent rabbitfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The magnificent rabbitfish uses its mouth to eat corals. The answer is A.", "7487": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "7488": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "7490": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Emmet that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Emmet. The answer is A.", "7494": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Chinese alligator's scientific name is Alligator sinensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus.\nMiscanthus sinensis and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Miscanthus sinensis and Alligator sinensis have the same species name within their genus, sinensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Miscanthus sinensis is in the genus Miscanthus, and Alligator sinensis is in the genus Alligator.\nThis organism and the Chinese alligator are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Alligator sinensis. The answer is B.", "7495": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "7497": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is B.", "7507": "The answer is C.", "7512": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the ceramic tea cup is harder. If you press on a piece of ceramic, it will not change shape. The answer is B.", "7514": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is D.", "7517": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is B.", "7521": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cole wants or needs:\nCole will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about. The answer is B.", "7524": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two mugs of cocoa are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cocoa with more thermal energy has a higher temperature. The answer is B.", "7528": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 35. So, the temperature is 35\u00b0C. The answer is C.", "7529": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince they is not between the guide words territory - trek, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "7531": "This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve. The answer is B.", "7532": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "7533": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is B.", "7534": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A barking tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA barking tree frog has a sticky pad on its toes. The sticky pad helps the barking tree frog hold on to leaves.\nA robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day. The answer is B.", "7545": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Preston's hair color is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "7546": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "7548": "Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nSand is a type of sediment. It is found in places like deserts and beaches. Sediments like sand can build up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock forms when the bottom layers are compacted to make rock. The answer is C.", "7553": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 1 gallon.\n1 fluid ounce and 1 cup are both too little. The answer is C.", "7560": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Michael is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Michael might be voting for a third party\u2014or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is C.", "7563": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Pyrite has all the properties of a mineral. So, pyrite is a mineral. The answer is B.", "7578": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Giants in the Land**. The answer is A.", "7582": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is B.", "7587": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The banana is not salty.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. All four objects are opaque.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The wet paint is not slippery.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is opaque. The answer is A.", "7597": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is A.", "7598": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 23 meters.\n23 millimeters and 23 centimeters are too short. 23 kilometers is too long. The answer is D.", "7608": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "7614": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 11 inches.\n11 feet, 11 yards, and 11 miles are all too long. The answer is D.", "7617": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence. The answer is A.", "7621": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles. The answer is C.", "7624": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 16 ounces.\n16 pounds and 16 tons are both too heavy. The answer is C.", "7625": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Sticky is a property. A sticky material can stick to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glue is stickier. If you touch glue, it will stick to you. The answer is B.", "7626": "Look at the table and images.\nLeo wants broccoli. Caden wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "7638": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Wishbone has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Wishbone's genotype for the fur length gene is FF. The answer is A.", "7651": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids and Our school has rules we always follow them. The answer is A.", "7653": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A European hedgehog's scientific name is Erinaceus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Erinaceus.\nCaprimulgus europaeus and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Caprimulgus europaeus and Erinaceus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus, and Erinaceus europaeus is in the genus Erinaceus.\nEquus zebra is in the genus Equus. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. So, Equus zebra and Erinaceus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the European hedgehog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Erinaceus europaeus. The answer is A.", "7670": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 15 ounces.\n15 pounds and 15 tons are both too heavy. The answer is B.", "7675": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "7679": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two trays of lasagna are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter tray of lasagna has more thermal energy. The answer is B.", "7685": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Tyler's or Dave's.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Dave's.\nTyler worked with Dave to design the new header for Dave's website. The answer is B.", "7688": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Walker's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Walker's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for solid coloring. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Walker's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nWalker's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring. The answer is B.", "7691": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.). The answer is B.", "7692": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "7694": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It mentions the results of tests and uses specific figures. The answer is A.", "7707": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is D.", "7709": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. In a Venn diagram, each circle shows things that are true for a particular topic. The middle, where the two circles overlap, shows things that are true for both topics. This Venn diagram compares Natty Bumppo and Daniel Boone.\nThe detail that both fought in the French and Indian War is in the middle of the diagram. This shows that Natty Bumppo and Daniel Boone have this in common. The answer is A.", "7713": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of gas. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of gas. The answer is B.", "7719": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nI enjoyed the risotto and the poached pears. Although I didn't care for the seared trout. The answer is B.", "7720": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nBrenner, Wendy. \"Strange Beads.\" The Best American Essays 2014. Ed. John Jeremiah Sullivan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2014. 5\u201317. Print.\nYou can tell that John Jeremiah Sullivan is the editor of the book because the editor's name is listed after the book title. The answer is B.", "7724": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A comet moth's scientific name is Argema mittrei.\nSphodromantis viridis does not have the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, Argema mittrei and Sphodromantis viridis are not in the same species.\nArgema mittrei has the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nAcanthaster planci does not have the same scientific name as a comet moth. So, Argema mittrei and Acanthaster planci are not in the same species. The answer is B.", "7726": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right. The answer is A.", "7727": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different bodies of water.\nThe Gulf of Mexico and Lake Michigan are connected by an arrow. This tells you that the two bodies of water are related. The text tells you that the Gulf of Mexico contains salt water.\nThe statement is true.", "7729": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "7737": "You can hold me in your hand.\nYou can write with me.\nI may be blue or black.\nThe answer is B.", "7756": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 28 millimeters.\n28 centimeters and 28 meters are both too long. The answer is C.", "7758": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Nebraska is farthest east. The answer is D.", "7759": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Steigerwald Forest ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Steigerwald Forest: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is B.", "7762": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince indignant is between the guide words ignore - ivy, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "7768": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is C.", "7785": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Oklahoma is farthest south. The answer is D.", "7795": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "7804": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, De Biesbosch National Park has soil that is rich in nutrients. It also has other water ecosystems nearby. The answer is A.", "7805": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows events from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.\nLook at how the events are ordered on the time line. Events that happen earlier are shown to the left. Events that happen later are shown to the right. Tybalt fights with Romeo is shown farther to the left than Romeo makes a plan with Juliet to run away. So, Romeo fights with Tybalt earlier in the story than the time when he makes a plan with Juliet to run away. The answer is B.", "7809": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. McCormick's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "7822": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 880 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 850 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 880 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is A.", "7825": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely. The answer is A.", "7829": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is B.", "7832": "Read the text carefully. The underlined text below shows information about each answer choice.\nEarth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight.\nEarth's atmosphere contains many different gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide. These gases are both taken in and released by living organisms. Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.\nStable temperatures. The atmosphere helps to maintain stable temperatures. During the day, the atmosphere absorbs sunlight and heats up. At night, it releases some of that heat back to Earth. This helps to maintain a stable temperature range.\nSunlight. The answer is B.", "7833": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince moisture is between the guide words mite - mud, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "7841": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "7842": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many different colors. These mustard seeds are yellow.\nSeeds can be smooth or textured. These apple seeds are rough. The answer is B.", "7844": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of rock. The answer is A.", "7857": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a pen is 15 centimeters.\n15 millimeters is too short. 15 meters and 15 kilometers are too long. The answer is D.", "7859": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the bucket.\nThe bucket is made of metal.\nMetal is a tough material. It does not break down in rainy or windy weather. This makes metal a great material for a bucket. The answer is A.", "7860": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A word graphic organizer is included with the text. It shows the term and its meaning.\nCenozoic era is the term that matches the picture. The answer is A.", "7866": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there are too many trumpets for sale. There are 15 trumpets for sale, but only 8 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of trumpets. The music store will not get any money for the leftover trumpets. The answer is B.", "7869": "The answer is C.", "7873": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic. The answer is B.", "7888": "Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature ferns use asexual reproduction to make spores. When the spore cases open, the spores are released.\nWhen a spore lands on the ground and germinates, it grows into a small heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns live in damp environments, and sperm can swim though small water drops. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm swims to an egg on the same heart-shaped plant. Cross-fertilization happens when the sperm swims to an egg on a nearby plant.\nFertilization happens when a sperm and an egg fuse. The fertilized egg germinates and grows into a mature fern.\nThe mature fern can make spores and begin the fern life cycle again. Fern spores can germinate and grow into a heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant can make eggs and sperm and begin the fern life cycle again. The answer is B.", "7892": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "7893": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "7895": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nFerocious delicacy is a contradiction, because ferocious implies fierce and fierce implies rough or harsh. Delicacy implies gentle and soft. The answer is A.", "7902": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness. The answer is B.", "7906": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the reporters.\nOn the evening news, the reporters showed rare footage\u2014reportedly taken by a fisherman as he stood on the beach\u2014of sharks fighting over their prey. The answer is B.", "7908": "This country is Kiribati. The answer is C.", "7914": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Little Corona Beach have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients. The answer is B.", "7916": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "7917": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Myrmarachne maxillosa is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells. The answer is B.", "7918": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "7923": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The scarlet rosemallow plant's observable version of the flower color trait is white flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is white flowers. The answer is A.", "7927": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the sand tiger shark.\nThe sand tiger shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The sand tiger shark uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe parrotfish has a small mouth and small teeth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The parrotfish uses its mouth to eat corals. The answer is B.", "7933": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "7936": "A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nAn omnivore is a living thing that eats both producers and consumers. A producer makes its own food. A consumer eats other living things. An omnivore eats both producers and consumers.\nThe zooplankton is an omnivore. The zooplankton eats the phytoplankton, which is a producer. The zooplankton also eats the plainfin midshipman, which is a consumer.\nThe kelp bass is a consumer. The kelp bass eats the zooplankton, which is a consumer. The kelp bass does not eat a producer. So, the kelp bass is not an omnivore. The answer is B.", "7940": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Destiny wants or needs:\nDestiny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Destiny to get to Virginia are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut. The answer is B.", "7945": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first sales pitch is more formal. It uses more elevated language (highly customizable). The other sales pitch uses exclamation points and is more familiar (like our furniture? Make it yours!). The answer is B.", "7956": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "7964": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Nabi's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA. Nabi's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for having agouti fur. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nabi's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having agouti fur (A) is dominant over the allele for not having agouti fur (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nNabi's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur. The answer is B.", "7975": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of the Great Wall of China is 21,000 kilometers.\n21,000 millimeters, 21,000 centimeters, and 21,000 meters are all too short. The answer is B.", "7983": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether sweeping the floor is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs sweeping the floor something you can touch? No.\nIs sweeping the floor a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, sweeping the floor is a service. The answer is B.", "7993": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 yards in 1 foot. So, 1 yard is shorter than 1 foot. The better estimate for the length of a rowboat is 3 yards.\n3 inches is too short. The answer is A.", "7994": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "8004": "The colony is Connecticut. The answer is B.", "8012": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower. The answer is A.", "8014": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the mushroom.There are two paths matter can take from the brown lemming to the mushroom: brown lemming->sauna->mushroom. brown lemming->sauna->brown lemming->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the mushroom: bilberry->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the grizzly bear to the mushroom: grizzly bear->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the snowy owl to the mushroom: snowy owl->brown lemming->mushroom. snowy owl->brown lemming->sauna->mushroom. The answer is A.", "8018": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A spot-billed pelican's scientific name is Pelecanus philippensis. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Pelecanus philippensis are not in the same genus.\nBubo scandiacus is in the genus Bubo. The first word of its scientific name is Bubo. So, Bubo scandiacus and Pelecanus philippensis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the spot-billed pelican are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Pelecanus philippensis. The answer is B.", "8022": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "8025": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that beauty is subjective, because people have different opinions about what is beautiful. However, a person's opinion about what is beautiful is not the same as his or her idea of beauty. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization. The answer is B.", "8029": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence. The answer is B.", "8031": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 42\u00b0F.\n42\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "8035": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0F glass of orange juice is colder than the 50\u00b0F glass of orange juice, it has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "8043": "Look at the table and images.\nBryce wants broccoli. Victor wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "8049": "More and more, merchants in the Thirteen Colonies relied on trade with western Africa.\nThe map shows that goods were sent from the Thirteen Colonies to Africa, from Africa to the West Indies, and from the West Indies back to the Thirteen Colonies. This pattern was called the triangular trade.\nThe triangular trade was based on the transportation of goods. Merchants in the Thirteen Colonies grew tobacco. In western Africa, merchants traded rum for tobacco. Then they sold the tobacco in the West Indies.\nThe map also shows that the Thirteen Colonies were not the only English colonies. Merchants in other English colonies, such as those on the West Indies, also traded with the Thirteen Colonies. The map does not show the triangular trade with China. The answer is A.", "8053": "Asimina triloba is a plant. Plant cells have a nucleus. The answer is A.", "8054": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "8055": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dump is not between the guide words decay - disaster, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "8062": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Beth's Internet connection. The answer is A.", "8064": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "8065": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there are not enough mangoes for sale. There are 200 mangoes for sale, but 170 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of mangoes. The answer is A.", "8070": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "8071": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked. The answer is B.", "8080": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is C.", "8088": "Sadie wanted broccoli in her lunch and Kira was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSadie has tomatoes. Kira has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is B.", "8090": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A red salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red salamander is a type of amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. The answer is A.", "8093": "Banks come in all shapes and sizes. Some banks have many branches. Other banks have no branches. But all banks offer one thing: a safe place to keep your money.\nBanks have a legal obligation to protect their customers' money. For example, if a bank fails, the government will step in to make sure that customers get their money back. So, if you put money in a bank account, you trust the bank to look after the money.\nThere are many good reasons to keep your money in a bank account. Here are some of them:\nYou want to protect the money in a safe place.\nBanks have strong rooms and other security measures to protect money from theft.\nYou want to keep your money in a place where you can see it all the time.\nMany banks have online banking. This means you can see your bank statement and check your account balance from home.\nYou want to be able to get your money quickly.\nMany banks have automated teller machines (ATMs). You can use your bank card to get cash from an ATM.\nYou want to earn interest on your money.\nBanks can use the money in your account to make loans to other people. In return, the bank pays you interest on the money. The answer is A.", "8099": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The baseball glove is shiny, but the rubber ball and the car bumper are not.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The rubber ball and the car bumper are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy. The answer is B.", "8100": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nButter melting on a hot day is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. But butter melting on a hot day is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "8114": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "8118": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is A.", "8134": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A giant panda is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nGiant pandas eat mostly bamboo. But they can also eat other plants and small animals.\nA dandelion is a plant. It can grow small yellow flowers.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind. The answer is A.", "8146": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nYour hand contains twenty-seven bones, and your foot contains twenty-six. The answer is B.", "8150": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the African jacana.\nThe African jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe wattled jacana has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe New Zealand falcon has medium-sized toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The New Zealand falcon uses its feet to grab prey. The answer is B.", "8163": "Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The answer is B.", "8167": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Pudge has one allele for a gray body (B) and one allele for a golden body (b). So, Pudge's genotype for the body color gene is Bb. The answer is A.", "8168": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the armored catfish.\nThe armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The armored catfish uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bat ray's mouth is located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding.\nThe clown triggerfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding. The answer is A.", "8174": "Look at the table and images.\nEdwin wants broccoli. Brenda wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "8176": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. The answer is A.", "8183": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doze is not between the guide words depth - drink, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "8193": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Nevada is farthest south. The answer is D.", "8200": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by using consistent verb tenses.\nFor example, the writer could change the verb tense in the underlined sentences to match the verb tense in the rest of the text.\nWhen my grandparents first bought a computer, they didn't know how to use the Internet, so I sit down with them and show them the ropes. We go over a few basic terms, and I introduce them to different browsers. I taught them where to find the URL for a website and how to use search boxes. We cover different ways to navigate around a website; for example, I show them how to use a mouse, how to scroll up or down a page using the scroll bar, and how to click on links. Now they are excited to be online. The answer is A.", "8208": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "8211": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus.\nUlex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex, and Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus.\nHaliaeetus leucocephalus is in the genus Haliaeetus. The first word of its scientific name is Haliaeetus. So, Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the European nightjar are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Caprimulgus europaeus. The answer is A.", "8212": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The toothpaste is sticky, but the slippers and the blue shag carpet are not.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The slippers and the blue shag carpet are not bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue. The answer is B.", "8213": "Look at the table and images.\nJustine wants broccoli. Caleb wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "8221": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is B.", "8224": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom since sliced bread suggests that the shoes are a fabulous invention. The answer is B.", "8225": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "8230": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is C.", "8236": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a ladybug is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long. The answer is D.", "8243": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Gabe, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Gabe down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Gabe up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Gabe. The answer is A.", "8248": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is C.", "8252": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A snowy owl's scientific name is Bubo scandiacus.\nFalco tinnunculus does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same species.\nArdea alba does not have the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, Bubo scandiacus and Ardea alba are not in the same species.\nBubo scandiacus has the same scientific name as a snowy owl. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "8259": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is A.", "8264": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two soap bubbles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the soap bubble with less thermal energy has a lower temperature. The answer is B.", "8267": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "8269": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "8276": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a grain of rice is 3 millimeters.\n3 centimeters, 3 meters, and 3 kilometers are all too long. The answer is A.", "8285": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is ll. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for smooth leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nThe summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves. The answer is B.", "8294": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean. The answer is D.", "8296": "Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an animal learns to associate two events that were not originally related. This type of learning was first described by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.\nPavlov noticed that his dogs began to salivate before he gave them food. This salivation was a natural, unconditioned response. Pavlov used this response to teach his dogs to associate the ringing of a bell with the arrival of food. Soon, the dogs began to salivate in response to the bell, even before food arrived. The salivation to the bell was a conditioned response. The answer is B.", "8300": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, and the particles in both samples have the same average speed. So, the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy.\nBecause the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy, the samples must have the same temperature. The answer is B.", "8308": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jason wants or needs:\nJason will give up the chance to wear the costume he is more excited about. The answer is A.", "8321": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "8332": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion. It links the product to a positive feeling (a happy heart). The answer is C.", "8335": "The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or freedom of religion. In the United States, voting rights and the right to own weapons are not covered by the First Amendment. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The answer is A.", "8338": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there. The answer is A.", "8346": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is A.", "8357": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "8358": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the opalescent nudibranch.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the opalescent nudibranch is toxic and dangerous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe blue poison dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lechwe has light-brown fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is B.", "8362": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with scientists.\nScientists are researching a hybrid South African tobacco plant that may decrease reliance on fossil fuels. It contains oily seeds that can be transformed into sustainable biofuel. The answer is A.", "8363": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince side is between the guide words skirt - stories, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "8368": "Although the Moon appears to shine, it does not give off light. Instead, we can see the Moon because it is lit up by the Sun. The part of the Moon that is both lit up by the Sun and facing Earth is called the Moon's phase.\nThe Moon orbits, or goes around, Earth. As it does, the Moon's phase changes. The model below shows the Moon's phase at eight positions in its orbit. The smaller moons closer to Earth show where sunlight hits the Moon. The larger moons farther from Earth show how the Moon will look during that phase.\nTo use the model, first pick one of the eight positions. Then, imagine standing on Earth and looking up at the Moon. Use the dotted white lines in the model to guide you. The picture of the Moon shows its phase for that position. If you are in the Southern Hemisphere, the Moon will appear flipped, left to right. The answer is A.", "8371": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "8374": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play soccer. Instead, some people learn how to play soccer. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing soccer is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "8386": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a car key is 7 centimeters.\n7 kilometers is too long. The answer is B.", "8394": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the product with feelings of belonging and family love. The answer is A.", "8397": "The answer is A.", "8398": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "8403": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The sandpaper is scratchy.\nA breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. The sandpaper is not breakable. The answer is A.", "8406": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is C.", "8408": "This country is Solomon Islands. The answer is D.", "8422": "The answer is A.", "8447": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 70 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is B.", "8449": "This country is Jamaica. The answer is C.", "8451": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a bus route across a small town is 5 kilometers.\n5 centimeters is too short. The answer is B.", "8453": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fare is between the guide words flow - four, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "8454": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A crown is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nCrowns can be made of many different materials. Some crowns are made of gold, which is a solid. Other crowns are made of paper, which is a solid. The answer is A.", "8456": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is C.", "8460": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n A turtle shell does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, a turtle shell is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "8478": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Dave is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "8487": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 385 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is B.", "8490": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is B.", "8492": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "8496": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is A.", "8497": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is C.", "8498": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "8500": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 190 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 100 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is B.", "8502": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "8505": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hot sauce is 4 fluid ounces.\n4 cups and 4 gallons are both too much. The answer is B.", "8509": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe lecturer became flustered when a factoid that she had presented was promptly refuted by an expert in the field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nThe lecturer's presentation on economics included some interesting factoids from recent research studies in the field.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "8510": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nFish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a fish. A green frog is an amphibian.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow has the traits of a fish. A minnow is a fish. The answer is B.", "8515": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nFiring a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nFiring a clay pot is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "8516": "Mark wanted broccoli in his lunch and Valeria was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nMark has tomatoes. Valeria has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "8518": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "8520": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is A.", "8533": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place. The answer is B.", "8536": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mar is not between the guide words modest - musician, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "8541": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is B.", "8542": "Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The answer is D.", "8543": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "8551": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Bradypus variegatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Bradypus variegatus is the scientific name. The answer is B.", "8553": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "8554": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is A.", "8557": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is A.", "8571": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The woman's finger applies a force to the first domino. This force causes the domino to topple. The direction of this force is away from the woman's finger. This force is a push. The answer is B.", "8572": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "8573": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is C.", "8580": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Kate or Katie.\nKate asked Katie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Katie has a gluten allergy, Kate asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting. The answer is A.", "8581": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Sharon fell asleep Mom put a blanket on her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sharon fell asleep and Mom put a blanket on her. The answer is B.", "8583": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, go. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "8584": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed. The answer is B.", "8587": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The ceramic mug and the glass flask are not bouncy.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard. The answer is B.", "8595": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nThe honey mushroom, a fungus spreading over more than two thousand acres across eastern Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be the largest living organism on Earth. The answer is B.", "8599": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "8606": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "8609": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Quartzite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, quartzite is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "8614": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "8618": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Samantha's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Samantha's foot. The answer is A.", "8625": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "8640": "The city is Miami, Florida. New Orleans, Oklahoma City, and Nashville are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is D.", "8648": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "8666": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 6 cups.\n6 fluid ounces is too little and 6 gallons is too much. The answer is B.", "8671": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 5 hours. The goose that moved 120 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is C.", "8672": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words three and bee rhyme. They both end with the ee sound.\nThe word green does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "8676": "Look at the table and images.\nGordon wants broccoli. Ariel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "8681": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince because is between the guide words bare - bite, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "8686": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Herman or her friend.\nMrs. Herman told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Herman told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day. The answer is A.", "8689": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely. The answer is B.", "8692": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Polytrichum commune is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is B.", "8703": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Katie or Abby.\nKatie looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nKatie has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby. The answer is A.", "8709": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "8715": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A yak is a living thing.\nYaks grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Yaks are made up of many cells.\nA bracelet is not a living thing.\nBracelets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nRain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food. The answer is A.", "8720": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "8721": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "8722": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is A.", "8727": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is C.", "8729": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nDanielle couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Danielle so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "8732": "Look at the text in bold below. It tells you why farmers would have appreciated cats eight thousand years ago.\nCats were wild then. However, they were likely drawn to farming communities because there were mice to hunt. The farmers would have noticed and appreciated these visitors. To keep the cats around, these early farmers may have given food and even shelter to the wild cats. The farmers and cats probably helped one another. The answer is B.", "8743": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "8749": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "8752": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dazzle is between the guide words desk - drop, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "8763": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is A.", "8769": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is C.", "8779": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on the ice cube, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the ice cube down with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe water is pushing the ice cube up with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 0.1 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube. The answer is B.", "8785": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "8793": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play hockey. Instead, some people learn how to play hockey. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing hockey is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "8798": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The pineapple is not flexible.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The pineapple is not salty.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All four objects are rough.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is rough. The answer is B.", "8805": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nLisbon, Portugal, has cloudy skies today. So, the air pressure is low.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThe passage tells you about the air pressure in Lisbon today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "8811": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The jello is not bumpy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is translucent. The answer is A.", "8819": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Any Dream Will Do.\" The answer is B.", "8841": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "8847": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is B.", "8852": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the clothes hanger.\nThe clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The loop is made of metal, and the rest of the hanger is made of wool. The answer is A.", "8862": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. Use the model to determine whether nickel is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that dark blue represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ni. So, the model shows you that nickel is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that nickel is composed of only one chemical element. So, nickel is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "8876": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. In a Venn diagram, each circle shows things that are true for a particular topic. The middle, where the two circles overlap, shows things that are true for both topics. This Venn diagram shows information about two ancient poems.\nThe detail about the Odyssey and the Aeneid is in the middle of the diagram. This shows that both poems were written after the Trojan War. The answer is A.", "8878": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether silicon dioxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silicon dioxide, SiO2, contains two atomic symbols: Si for silicon and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that silicon dioxide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince silicon dioxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silicon dioxide is a compound. The answer is A.", "8880": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the bronze-winged jacana.\nThe bronze-winged jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe Magellan penguin has webbed feet. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The Magellan penguin uses its feet to swim. The answer is B.", "8884": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are both too short. The answer is A.", "8887": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message. The answer is B.", "8889": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is B.", "8890": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the power lines.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Lauren requested a permit to have the power lines removed. The answer is B.", "8894": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Jupiter's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Jupiter's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for a black coat. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Jupiter's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nJupiter's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat. The answer is B.", "8897": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blueberry is between the guide words beginner - bottom, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "8901": "Before the Louisiana Purchase, the western boundary of the United States was the Mississippi River. The United States had no right to the land west of the Mississippi.\nThe Louisiana Purchase was a deal in which the United States bought the land west of the Mississippi from France. The answer is B.", "8904": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 16 gallons.\n16 fluid ounces and 16 cups are both too little. The answer is B.", "8905": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A shoe is not a living thing.\nShoes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nAn iceberg is not a living thing.\nAn iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food.\nA fig tree is a living thing.\nFig trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Fig trees are made up of many cells.\nFig trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA pushpin is not a living thing.\nPushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. The answer is D.", "8906": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "8917": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The chocolate milkshake, the chocolate bar, and the ice cream sundae are not hard.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The ice cream sundae is not stretchy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All four objects are sticky.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sticky. The answer is A.", "8931": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Boston, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Boston.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\nChoice \"March is the month with the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nJanuary, not March, has the highest average monthly precipitation.\nChoice \"About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much between May and October. So, about the same amount of precipitation falls each month during that time. The answer is B.", "8932": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "8937": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Nostradamus is history.\nNostradamus, a sixteenth-century French astrologer and physician, is best known as the author of a book of prophecies.\nThe allusion Nostradamus means a seer or predictor of the future. The answer is B.", "8948": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "8952": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "8957": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the bronze-winged jacana.\nThe bronze-winged jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe northern jacana has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves.\nThe emu has large, heavy feet with thick toes. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The emu uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground. The answer is B.", "8959": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is A.", "8963": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal. The answer is B.", "8965": "This country is Saint Lucia. The answer is B.", "8969": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mild is between the guide words meddle - mound, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "8972": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of plants and animals. So, the following statement describes the Yasuni National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of plants and animals. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statements do not describe Yasuni National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different species of plants and animals. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is B.", "8974": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Pete is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Pete. The answer is B.", "8980": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October is the wettest month.\" is incorrect.\nEvery other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.\nChoice \"The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months.\nChoice \"June, July, and August are the driest months of the year.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months. The answer is A.", "9001": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode! The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Lorenzo hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed. The answer is B.", "9003": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the dress.\nThe dress is made of cotton.\nCotton is a soft, white fabric. Cotton is made from a plant! First, the cotton is grown. Then, the cotton is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes. The answer is B.", "9004": "The answer is C.", "9005": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for helium contains one symbol: He. So, helium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, helium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethanol contains four symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, F for fluorine, and O for oxygen. So, fluoromethanol is made of four chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethanol is a compound, not an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "9010": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is A.", "9019": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "9038": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber gloves are the most flexible. If you bend rubber gloves, they will not break. The answer is A.", "9052": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 30 kilograms.\n30 grams is too light. The answer is B.", "9054": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince leaf is between the guide words land - lilac, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "9055": "A plant cell does not have a cell membrane.\nThis statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell. The answer is B.", "9057": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Car and Driver**. The answer is A.", "9058": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mars.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. Jupiter's volume is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is less than 10,000 times as large as the volume of Mars. The answer is B.", "9067": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest west. The answer is B.", "9068": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The glass is not soft.\nA hard object does not change shape when you squeeze it. Both objects are hard.\nThe property that both objects have in common is hard. The answer is A.", "9070": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is B.", "9071": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to Earth's surface?\nThere are many ways to find evidence of a change to Earth's surface. One way is to look at a picture that was taken after the change.\nHere are some examples of what the evidence for different changes might be:\nCause of the change | Evidence of the change\nearthquake | cracks in the ground; houses with broken walls and roofs\nvolcanic eruption | melted rock on Earth's surface; smoke coming out of a hole in the ground\nerosion | a canyon with a river flowing through it; a river carrying sand and mud\nBe careful when you are looking for evidence!\nA picture of Earth's surface can contain a lot of information. Some of that information might be evidence of a change to the surface, but some of it is not!\nFor example, a picture taken after an earthquake might show a blue sky. But the color of the sky is not evidence of an earthquake. So, that information is not evidence that an earthquake happened.\n The answer is A.", "9084": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "9089": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Gunung Leuser National Park has year-round warm temperatures. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is A.", "9091": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase calling my name. It describes the pie as if it were a person trying to get noticed. The answer is A.", "9093": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "9095": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the Taklamakan Desert has dry, thin soil. It also has a small amount of rain or snow. The answer is A.", "9096": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is C.", "9101": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, chops. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "9104": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nUsing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon is a chemical change. The polish changes into a different type of matter that can make the silver look shiny again.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But using polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "9106": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the speaker is not trustworthy, because she never finished law school. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the speaker would make a good babysitter. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "9109": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with one source.\nWhen Molly was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child. The answer is B.", "9120": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "9127": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction because.\nBecause most wild orchids naturally affix themselves to trees and branches, planting an orchid in soil will likely kill it. The answer is B.", "9134": "Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas. The answer is A.", "9143": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Max, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Max down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Max up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Max. The answer is B.", "9144": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Missouri is farthest north. The answer is A.", "9146": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince very is between the guide words vain - vinegar, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "9150": "Look at the table and images.\nJasmine wants broccoli. Bryan wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "9169": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the Suriname toad.\nThe Suriname toad has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Suriname toad uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe African clawed frog has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe giraffe has large, heavy, hoofed feet. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The giraffe uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground. The answer is B.", "9177": "Austin is the capital of Texas. The answer is C.", "9189": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Wendy wants or needs:\nWendy will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about. The answer is B.", "9196": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "9197": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Chinese mitten crab's scientific name is Eriocheir sinensis.\nEriocheir sinensis has the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nMelanoplus bivittatus does not have the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, Eriocheir sinensis and Melanoplus bivittatus are not in the same species.\nAcanthaster planci does not have the same scientific name as a Chinese mitten crab. So, Eriocheir sinensis and Acanthaster planci are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "9205": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nAn iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nAn iceberg melting is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "9214": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Alec was upset about staying home. Alec was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park. The answer is A.", "9218": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Juan sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is D.", "9223": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.\nThe only arrow pointing from the barren-ground caribou leads to the grizzly bear. The only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm. The answer is B.", "9225": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Stefan that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Stefan. The answer is B.", "9231": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Brad wants to stop teaching English and start teaching foreign languages instead. However, this misrepresents Brad's argument. Brad only wants more foreign language instruction. He says nothing about stopping English instruction. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is B.", "9232": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings. The answer is A.", "9233": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. Both objects are breakable.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. Neither of the objects are rough.\nThe property that both objects have in common is breakable. The answer is A.", "9242": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statements describe the Kibale National Forest ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It has year-round rain and warm temperatures. The following statement does not describe Kibale National Forest: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "9247": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Grace's work is low quality because her friend's work is low quality. However, the work of Grace's friend does not necessarily reflect the quality of Grace's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "9248": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 6 yards.\n6 inches and 6 feet are both too short. The answer is C.", "9249": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Florida is farthest east. The answer is B.", "9257": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired. The answer is B.", "9262": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is A.", "9266": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "9275": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is A.", "9277": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "9278": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics, interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics; interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks. The answer is A.", "9283": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nGorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nA rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nRabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nGalapagos tortoises live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old! The answer is B.", "9285": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "9287": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Chester's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Chester's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for soft fur. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Chester's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for soft fur (f) is recessive to the allele for rough fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChester's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur. The answer is B.", "9288": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is harder. If you press on an asphalt road, it will not change shape. The answer is B.", "9290": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 370 feet.\n370 inches is too short. 370 yards and 370 miles are too long. The answer is C.", "9294": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The yarn pom pom and the tennis ball are not slippery.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. All three objects are blue.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is blue. The answer is A.", "9295": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products. Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to water in this chemical reaction.\nHydrogen peroxide, a household disinfectant, breaks down into water and oxygen gas over time. Light speeds up this process, so hydrogen peroxide is typically stored in a dark-colored bottle. The bottle's dark coloring blocks light and makes the hydrogen peroxide last longer.\nThe underlined text tells you that water forms when hydrogen peroxide breaks down. Because water is produced by this chemical reaction, water is a product. The answer is B.", "9304": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words for and your and reverses the phrase ask not what your country can do for you. The answer is B.", "9323": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nJohn Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost was first published in 1667. It's a travesty that only thirty-three pages of the original manuscript have survived.\nThe first text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nIn 1687, John Phillips published a controversial English translation of Cervantes's Don Quixote. Phillips's translation, a travesty of the original story, was filled with vulgar humor.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "9328": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "9330": "Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The answer is A.", "9332": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is C.", "9336": "The prefix re- means \"again.\" The word construct means \"to build.\" So, reconstruct means \"to build something again.\" After the war, the Confederate states rejoined the Union states. The border states were Southern states that had never seceded. In 1861, the Civil War started when 11 Southern states seceded, or withdrew from the country. The seceded states tried to form a new country called the Confederate States of America. The two sides of the war, the Confederacy and the Union, fought for over four years. The Confederate states lost the war in 1865. During Reconstruction, Americans debated what to do with the former Confederate states. The answer is D.", "9344": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "9345": "This country is Dominica. The answer is D.", "9352": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for cyclooctasulfur is S8. This formula contains one symbol: S for sulfur. So, the formula tells you that cyclooctasulfur is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance. The answer is B.", "9356": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Maura doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Maura doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is A.", "9357": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The fries are not fuzzy.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The fries are not smooth.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is salty. The answer is A.", "9361": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "9367": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "9370": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Natalie, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Natalie down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Natalie up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Natalie. The answer is B.", "9375": "Look at the table and images.\nDuncan wants broccoli. Sam wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "9381": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nCamus, Albert. \"The Guest.\" Trans. Justin O'Brien. The Oxford Book of French Short Stories. Ed. Elizabeth Fallaize. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work has been translated from another language because of the entry's formatting. Translated works include the word \"Trans.\" after the translator's name. The answer is A.", "9382": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Georgetown. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is B.", "9386": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nIn 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered a three-foot-tall skeleton, dubbed the \"Hobbit,\" in Indonesia. Even after ten years, experts still debate whether the skeleton belonged to a modern human. The answer is B.", "9387": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 120 grams.\n120 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is B.", "9388": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the fire salamander.\nThe fire salamander has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the fire salamander is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lechwe has light-brown fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is A.", "9389": "All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element. Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrogen fluoride is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with H for hydrogen or F for fluorine. So, the model shows you that hydrogen fluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen fluoride is a compound. The answer is B.", "9394": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But mixing sand and water is not. The answer is C.", "9399": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of an eraser is 40 grams.\n40 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is B.", "9403": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A common kestrel's scientific name is Falco tinnunculus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco.\nFalco sparverius is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco sparverius and Falco tinnunculus are in the same genus.\nArdea herodias is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea herodias and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus.\nTigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma. The first word of its scientific name is Tigrisoma. So, Tigrisoma mexicanum and Falco tinnunculus are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "9415": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains. The answer is B.", "9423": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "9436": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nStyrofoam is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, Styrofoam is not a rock.\nSlate is a rock.\nRhyolite is a rock. The answer is C.", "9444": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, grabs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "9468": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the article the.\nRobert was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email! The answer is A.", "9475": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether potassium hydroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium hydroxide, KOH, contains three atomic symbols: K for potassium, O for oxygen, and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that potassium hydroxide is composed of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium hydroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium hydroxide is a compound. The answer is A.", "9481": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Bobby is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing. The answer is B.", "9489": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "9493": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the lichen.\nThe only arrow pointing to the snowy owl starts from the short-tailed weasel. The only arrow pointing to the short-tailed weasel starts from the brown lemming. The brown lemming has two arrows pointing to it. These arrows start from the bear sedge and the bilberry. Neither the bear sedge nor the bilberry has any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the lichen to the snowy owl.There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the Arctic fox: lichen->barren-ground caribou->Arctic fox. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the grizzly bear: lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear. lichen->barren-ground caribou->parasitic jaeger->grizzly bear. There is one path matter can take from the lichen to the rough-legged hawk: lichen->barren-ground caribou->rough-legged hawk. There are four paths matter can take from the lichen to the parasitic jaeger: lichen->barren-ground caribou->parasitic jaeger. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->parasitic jaeger. lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom->parasitic jaeger. lichen->brown lemming->parasitic jaeger. The answer is C.", "9494": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that purchasing the computer's extended warranty is a wise choice because many people buy it. However, even though many people choose to buy the extended warranty, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's a wise choice. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is C.", "9495": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible. The answer is C.", "9499": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "9503": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is B.", "9504": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 4\u00b0C.\n4\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is A.", "9505": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kenny wants or needs:\nKenny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Kenny to get to Arkansas are more expensive than tickets to Delaware. The answer is A.", "9508": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tristan wants or needs:\nTristan will give up the chance to eat the raisins. The raisins would have been healthier than the oatmeal cookies. The answer is A.", "9509": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 25\u00b0C bottle of water is hotter than the 10\u00b0C bottle of water, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "9513": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shy is between the guide words save - softly, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "9514": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a vacuum cleaner is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy. The answer is A.", "9525": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Antarctica. It does not intersect South America or Australia. The answer is B.", "9530": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a raisin is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long. The answer is B.", "9535": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. The first sentence states a fact.\nAlmost seventy percent of respondents to a 2011 Pew Research survey said that they value space exploration.\nIt can be proved by conducting a survey and counting how many people said they value space exploration.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nEven if most Americans say that they approve of NASA's missions, the organization receives too much public funding.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much. The answer is B.", "9538": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Moxie's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Moxie's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a red coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat. The answer is B.", "9540": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Polly draws an arrow it points up is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is B.", "9541": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. Which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival, which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE. The answer is B.", "9544": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chorus is between the guide words cedar - county, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "9546": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right. The answer is A.", "9548": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C potato is colder than the 60\u00b0C potato, it has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "9552": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A red kangaroo's scientific name is Macropus rufus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nCamelus bactrianus is in the genus Camelus. The first word of its scientific name is Camelus. So, Camelus bactrianus and Macropus rufus are not in the same genus.\nMacropus giganteus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus giganteus and Macropus rufus are in the same genus.\nCervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus. The first word of its scientific name is Cervus. So, Cervus canadensis and Macropus rufus are not in the same genus. The answer is C.", "9560": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "9561": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "9592": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Antarctica. The answer is C.", "9593": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "9609": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the blue poison dart frog.\nThe blue poison dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the blue poison dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe sharpnose-puffer has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe gray tree frog has gray-brown skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is A.", "9620": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "9621": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is A.", "9624": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne goose moved 190 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other goose moved 235 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each goose spent the same amount of time moving. The goose that moved 190 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is A.", "9626": "The colony is New Jersey. The answer is D.", "9628": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is B.", "9650": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen is H2. This formula contains one symbol: H. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, hydrogen is an elementary substance. The answer is B.", "9652": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Peter doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook. The answer is B.", "9653": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 7 cups.\n7 fluid ounces is too little and 7 gallons is too much. The answer is A.", "9655": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is A.", "9657": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Darnell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month. The answer is B.", "9668": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. When pollen lands on a female cone, it is called pollination. This photograph shows wind blowing pollen from the male cones on a Japanese cedar tree.\nAfter a female cone is pollinated, its eggs can be fertilized. Fertilization is what happens when male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. The answer is A.", "9670": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus.\nUlex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex, and Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus.\nCaprimulgus macrurus is in the genus Caprimulgus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. So, Caprimulgus macrurus and Caprimulgus europaeus are in the same genus.\nAcanthaster planci is in the genus Acanthaster. The first word of its scientific name is Acanthaster. So, Acanthaster planci and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "9676": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is D.", "9688": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed. The answer is A.", "9704": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "9710": "The answer is A.", "9712": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two baked potatoes are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the baked potato with less thermal energy has a lower temperature. The answer is B.", "9713": "The answer is B.", "9719": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Conifers use their cones to make seeds. Seeds grow inside the female cones.\nMany conifers have thin pointed leaves called needles. They use their needles to make food for the tree.\nThe roots of a conifer go down into the ground to get water and nutrients. They do not make seeds.\nThe answer is B.", "9720": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. Squirrel, horse, and goat go together. They are animals. Leg is not an animal, so it is not like the other words. The answer is D.", "9724": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "9726": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Precious has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF. The answer is A.", "9728": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "9732": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Over the summer, my cousin Brenna visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Brenna, and the verb is visited. The answer is A.", "9738": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Stefan rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Stefan rode up the hill. The answer is C.", "9744": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. The screwdriver has a metal blade and a plastic handle. Both metal and plastic are solids.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nThe water from a faucet is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a faucet into a container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is D.", "9750": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is A.", "9762": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nGoethe contrasts love and marriage, two things that are often found together. The answer is B.", "9765": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message. The answer is B.", "9770": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that there are two ice planets and four rocky planets. So, there are half as many ice planets as rocky planets. The answer is A.", "9772": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 30 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bat moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 30 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is A.", "9783": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "9784": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is A.", "9796": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "9799": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "9806": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the lionfish.\nThe lionfish has venomous spines and brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the lionfish is venomous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe lichen katydid has green and white patches on its body. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is B.", "9809": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce. This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that common fig plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food. This is evidence that the common fig plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the double-eyed fig parrot is photosynthetic. The answer is A.", "9811": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water. The answer is A.", "9814": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "9823": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have horns, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the horns trait. The question tells you that the h allele, which is for having horns, is recessive to the H allele, which is for not having horns.\nHaving horns is the recessive allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the recessive version of the horns trait must have only recessive alleles for the horns gene. So, offspring that have horns must have the genotype hh.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype hh.\nNot having horns is the dominant allele's version of the horns trait. A cow with the dominant version of the horns trait must have at least one dominant allele for the horns gene. So, offspring that do not have horns must have the genotype HH or Hh.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype HH or Hh.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring that have horns to offspring that do not have horns is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring that have horns. This cross is expected to never produce offspring that do not have horns. The answer is D.", "9834": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Neptune.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Uranus. The volume of Uranus is 6.83 x 10^13 km^3, which is less than 6.25 x 10^14 km^3. So, the volume of Uranus is less than ten times the volume of Neptune. The answer is B.", "9840": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Sale or Return**. The answer is A.", "9846": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether iodine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of iodine is composed of one atom of iodine bonded to one atom of carbon. So, iodine is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that iodine is composed of two chemical elements bonded together. So, iodine is a compound. The answer is B.", "9855": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is A.", "9866": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "9872": "A food web is a model.\nModels can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating.\nAn omnivore is a living thing that eats both plants and other living things. So, an omnivore has arrows pointing to it from both plants and other living things.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it from other living things. So, the phytoplankton is not an omnivore.\nThe plainfin midshipman has arrows pointing to it from both plants and other living things. The plainfin midshipman is an omnivore. The answer is B.", "9874": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's. The answer is A.", "9883": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the whale and the center of Earth changed.\nThe surface of the water is higher than the deep ocean. As the whale swam toward the surface, the distance between the whale and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the whale and Earth increased as the whale swam toward the surface. The answer is A.", "9884": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nAn eggshell is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, an eggshell is not a rock.\nConglomerate is a rock.\nPumice is a rock. The answer is B.", "9885": "Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska. The answer is A.", "9888": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 26 seconds.\n26 minutes is too slow. The answer is A.", "9891": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Levi tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Levi's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is B.", "9898": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is D.", "9902": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. A strong, bold girl is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is B.", "9906": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nLee lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Lee lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "9913": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "9915": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together. The answer is A.", "9923": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "9931": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "9942": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is B.", "9943": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince victory is between the guide words velvet - vote, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "9946": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The butter and the eraser are soft, but the wet paint is not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. All three objects are flexible.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The wet paint is slippery, but the butter and the eraser are not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is flexible. The answer is B.", "9948": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "9953": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel. The answer is A.", "9960": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Alice in Space. The answer is A.", "9974": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nPope contrasts two parallel phrases, to err is human and to forgive is divine. The answer is B.", "9977": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The tin foil is bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tin foil is not bouncy. The answer is A.", "9984": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. The answer is A.", "9993": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rock wall is more flexible. If you hit a rock wall, it will not bend easily. The answer is A.", "10001": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "10015": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the jeans.\nThe jeans are made of two different materials. The buttons and zipper of the jeans are made of metal. The rest of the jeans are made of cotton.\nJeans are made of a type of cotton fabric called denim. Denim is a fabric woven in a special way. The answer is A.", "10017": "To describe the average temperature trends in Adelaide, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are just above 20\u00b0C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are hotter than the other months. The answer is C.", "10020": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Do Your Ears Hang Low?\" The answer is A.", "10028": "According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to either the state governments or the American people. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. The answer is A.", "10037": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 12 millimeters.\n12 centimeters, 12 meters, and 12 kilometers are all too long. The answer is A.", "10046": "Kevin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Lily was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nKevin has tomatoes. Lily has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "10053": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings. The answer is A.", "10056": "To find the answer, read the legend. The legend shows that white covers glaciers. So, the answer is ice. The answer is G.", "10058": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming. The answer is A.", "10065": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Bernard fell asleep with the window open because he woke up with a horrible migraine. However, the fact that Bernard fell asleep with the window open doesn't necessarily mean that he caused his migraine. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is B.", "10068": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shallow is between the guide words scream - slide, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "10071": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas. The answer is A.", "10074": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to type. Instead, many people learn how to type. So, typing is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "10090": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a reddish-brown coat or a black coat, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat color trait. The question tells you that the L allele, which is for a black coat, is dominant over the l allele, which is for a reddish-brown coat.\nA reddish-brown coat is the recessive allele's version of the coat color trait. A horse with the recessive version of the coat color trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat color gene. So, offspring with a reddish-brown coat must have the genotype ll.\nThere is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype ll. This box is highlighted below.\nA black coat is the dominant allele's version of the coat color trait. A horse with the dominant version of the coat color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat color gene. So, offspring with a black coat must have the genotype LL or Ll.\nThere are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype LL or Ll. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a reddish-brown coat to offspring with a black coat is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with a reddish-brown coat for every 3 offspring with a black coat. The answer is A.", "10091": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is A.", "10094": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the Cape vulture.\nThe Cape vulture has large, powerful wings. It is adapted for flight. Long, powerful wings help the Cape vulture travel long distances by air.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe flying fox has large, powerful wings. It is adapted for flight.\nThe European mole has short legs. It is not adapted for flight. The European mole uses its legs for crawling. The answer is A.", "10097": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a caterpillar is 21 millimeters.\n21 centimeters, 21 meters, and 21 kilometers are all too long. The answer is C.", "10099": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Arctic Ocean. The answer is D.", "10101": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle she held onto the handles is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle and She held onto the handles. The answer is B.", "10103": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nMelting glass is a physical change. But baking a loaf of bread is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "10114": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 25. So, the temperature is 25\u00b0C. The answer is A.", "10115": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Molly's or her sister's.\nThe airline lost Molly's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Molly and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage. The answer is B.", "10124": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Eva or Amy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Amy's.\nEva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from Amy's office. The answer is A.", "10128": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "10130": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Leopardus wiedii is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms. The answer is A.", "10132": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each salmon increased, which means that the thermal energy of each salmon increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each salmon. The answer is A.", "10140": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of an eyelash is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long. The answer is D.", "10141": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with sweet fruit or sour fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for sour fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for sweet fruit.\nSweet fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the recessive version of the fruit taste trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sweet fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.\nSour fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the dominant version of the fruit taste trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sour fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with sweet fruit to offspring with sour fruit is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with sweet fruit. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with sour fruit. The answer is B.", "10149": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Fox and the Grapes,\" a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour.\nThe allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it. The answer is B.", "10155": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for methane contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, methane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for water contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, water is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, water is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for zinc contains one symbol: Zn. So, zinc is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, zinc is an elementary substance. The answer is C.", "10159": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is B.", "10164": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant. The answer is B.", "10185": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The answer is B.", "10188": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is B.", "10210": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 40 seconds.\n40 hours is too slow. The answer is A.", "10220": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Marvin is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Marvin moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "10225": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nKevin lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.\nThis passage tells you about the usual clouds where Kevin lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "10238": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "10240": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Arctic Ocean. The answer is A.", "10244": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "10245": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pour is not between the guide words patience - pulley, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "10246": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air inside a basketball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air inside a basketball expands to fill all the space inside the ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball. The answer is C.", "10247": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is D.", "10248": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A computer is not a living thing.\nA computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA flower pot is not a living thing.\nFlower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nAn airplane is not a living thing.\nAn airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves fast in the air, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA raspberry bush is a living thing.\nRaspberry bushes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Raspberry bushes are made up of many cells.\nRaspberry bushes are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. The answer is C.", "10250": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "10254": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "10256": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "10257": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "10264": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an overly simple or imprecise word, have difficulty.\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "10266": "The colony is New Hampshire.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "10268": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "10271": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Europe. It does not intersect Australia or North America. The answer is A.", "10279": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Mount Rainier National Park has long, cold winters. It also has many evergreen trees. The answer is A.", "10280": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Carter is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "10283": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "10286": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Buteo jamaicensis is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Buteo jamaicensis is the scientific name. The answer is B.", "10292": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long. The answer is C.", "10294": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nAfter Shelby returned from the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, she showed Emmett and Justine pictures of all the exotic animals. The answer is B.", "10300": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince reform is between the guide words ravenous - rise, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "10306": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether carrying groceries is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs carrying groceries something you can touch? No.\nIs carrying groceries a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, carrying groceries is a service. The answer is B.", "10307": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "10314": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nHerman seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nHerman subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "10318": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Darnel's hair color is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "10319": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nA group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Nepal last Thursday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "10322": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether a clock is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a clock something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a clock a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a clock is a good. The answer is A.", "10324": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nCotton is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, cotton is not a mineral.\nBiotite is a mineral.\nAquamarine is a mineral. The answer is B.", "10330": "Austin is the capital of Texas. The answer is C.", "10334": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Jayce can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jayce can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "10335": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "10337": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "10338": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The helium balloons are stretchy.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The helium balloons are not yellow. The answer is A.", "10344": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 100 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 6.25 x 10^13 km^3, which is less than 1.08 x 10^14 km^3. So, Neptune's volume is less than 100 times as large as Earth's. The answer is A.", "10345": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that creating more bike lanes means that Mayor Hoffman thinks that everyone should ride bicycles instead of cars. However, the fact that Mayor Hoffman wants more bike lanes doesn't necessarily suggest that the mayor is opposed to other forms of transportation. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is A.", "10352": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nSnails growing shells is a chemical change. A snail's body uses calcium from its food to make a new molecule called calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate is used to grow the shell.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "10356": "Look at the passage. It tells you why deserts are so dry.\nDeserts are places that get very little rain. In fact, deserts are the driest places on the planet. In some deserts, it doesn't rain a drop for months or even years. One desert in the country of Chile didn't get any rain for fourteen years! The answer is B.", "10365": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.). The answer is A.", "10374": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is C.", "10380": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words born and grows relative to the first half. The answer is A.", "10385": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Vijay needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 28 pounds. The answer is B.", "10391": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the pool toy.\nThe pool toy is made of plastic.\nPlastic is a strong, light material that can be molded into many shapes. Some plastic toys are made in the shape of animals. Other plastic toys are made in the shape of people. Pool toys are made of plastic because plastic is a good material for toys. Plastic does not break easily.\nWool is a rough material. It is made from the fluffy coats of sheep! Wool is not a good material for a pool toy. It will not hold up in the water. The answer is A.", "10399": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A red-billed gull's scientific name is Chroicocephalus scopulinus.\nChroicocephalus scopulinus is in the same genus as Chroicocephalus ridibundus, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Chroicocephalus scopulinus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus are different species within the same genus.\nChroicocephalus scopulinus has the same scientific name as a red-billed gull. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nHaliaeetus leucocephalus does not have the same scientific name as a red-billed gull. So, Chroicocephalus scopulinus and Haliaeetus leucocephalus are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "10406": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation. The answer is A.", "10407": "Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "10408": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The answer is C.", "10411": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Danio rerio is an animal. Animal cells cannot make their own food. Animals get their food by digesting other organisms. The answer is B.", "10412": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Strong to the Hoop**. The answer is B.", "10419": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word wheezing. It describes the train as if it were a person who is sick. The answer is B.", "10420": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Holland's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Holland's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as. The answer is A.", "10423": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is B.", "10428": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, creeps. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "10434": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "10452": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is C.", "10454": "Springfield is the capital of Illinois. The answer is B.", "10456": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nAn olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA Nile crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water. The answer is C.", "10457": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nWendy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Wendy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "10463": "The colony is Delaware. The answer is A.", "10465": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "10476": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "10478": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work. The answer is A.", "10493": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 50 grams.\n50 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is B.", "10496": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. Neither of the objects are blue.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. Both objects are smooth.\nThe property that both objects have in common is smooth. The answer is A.", "10500": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is D.", "10512": "Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Alexandra wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "10513": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with yellow fruit or red fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit color trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for red fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for yellow fruit.\nYellow fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit color trait. A tomato plant with the recessive version of the fruit color trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit color gene. So, offspring with yellow fruit must have the genotype ff.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nRed fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit color trait. A tomato plant with the dominant version of the fruit color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit color gene. So, offspring with red fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype FF or Ff. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with yellow fruit to offspring with red fruit is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with yellow fruit for every 2 offspring with red fruit. The answer is B.", "10519": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. The answer is B.", "10521": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Uranus.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 8.27 x 10^14 km^3, which is greater than 6.83 x 10^14 km^3. So, the volume of Saturn is more than ten times the volume of Uranus. The answer is B.", "10522": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is A.", "10523": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "10528": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, plant. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "10536": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "10537": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince narrow is between the guide words nibble - nugget, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "10540": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the government will soon ban books. However, this argument offers only an extreme outcome and ignores other possible outcomes. For instance, the government may only block a few websites. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy. The answer is A.", "10545": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "10549": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. The eardrum is a part of the ear is a complete sentence. The subject is the eardrum, and the verb is is. The answer is A.", "10550": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Christchurch, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Apr\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nMay has an average monthly precipitation of about 70 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, May is the wettest month on average. The answer is C.", "10554": "Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky. The answer is C.", "10555": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is B.", "10556": "This country is Dominica. The answer is B.", "10560": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "10562": "Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska. The answer is C.", "10563": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Sonoran Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe the Sonoran Desert: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has thick, moist soil. It has only a few types of organisms. The answer is A.", "10565": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "10568": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant. The answer is B.", "10569": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is D.", "10576": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Rhode Island is farthest north. The answer is C.", "10577": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the water in a hot bath is 40\u00b0C.\n40\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "10578": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode! The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Dean was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving. The answer is A.", "10579": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF. Precious's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for straight fur. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Precious's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curly fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nPrecious's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur. The answer is A.", "10580": "Today, the United States often uses technology to enforce its laws. But the Eighth Amendment does not allow the government to use technology in an unusual or cruel way. What makes a way unusual or cruel? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific types of punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, the government bans many forms of cruel and unusual punishment. But it is not clear what types of technology are cruel and unusual. The text of the Eighth Amendment does not mention technology. The amendment only says that the government cannot use unusual and cruel punishments. The answer is A.", "10595": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rock is rough.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The rock is not stretchy. The answer is A.", "10600": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction which.\nThe maple leaf, which i Canada's national emblem, has been associated with the country since the 1700 s. The answer is B.", "10601": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant. The answer is A.", "10602": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nBecause penguins are frightened by humans and difficult to approach, researchers from the University of Strasbourg used remote-controlled rovers outfitted as baby penguins to study their subjects. The answer is A.", "10604": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Horse and Rider**. The answer is B.", "10614": "When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed) When an alpheid shrimp shares its burrow with a goby, the shrimp benefits from the goby's protection. The goby also benefits because it has a safe place to hide. So, a mutualistic relationship is formed when an alpheid shrimp shares its burrow with a goby. The answer is C.", "10616": "The colony is Georgia. The answer is B.", "10623": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But beating an egg is not. The answer is C.", "10630": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nEncyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset Publishers, 1993. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work has no available publication date because the entry contains the abbreviation n.d., which means no date of publication. The answer is C.", "10634": "The answer is B.", "10635": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim. The answer is B.", "10649": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "10654": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "10655": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brown is between the guide words baseball - bottom, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "10660": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a coffee pot is 12 cups.\n12 fluid ounces is too little and 12 gallons is too much. The answer is B.", "10661": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "10665": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the goat.\nThe goat has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the goat reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe impala has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals. The answer is B.", "10671": "Look at the table and images.\nNancy wants broccoli. Dominic wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "10675": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "10681": "This country is Barbados. The answer is A.", "10685": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the toilet plunger.\nThe toilet plunger is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of porcelain.\nPorcelain is a very hard material. It is made of clay that is baked in an oven to make it hard. The answer is B.", "10689": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is D.", "10692": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is A.", "10696": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nAntonio took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain. The answer is A.", "10697": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince craft is between the guide words common - current, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "10700": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is B.", "10706": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nClownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the green anemone behind the clownfish. The answer is B.", "10708": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. The wind through a tree is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe wind moves through the tree, and the wind is invisible. So, the wind through a tree is a gas. The answer is B.", "10709": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the earthworm.\nThe only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the grizzly bear to the earthworm.\nThere are two arrows pointing from the barren-ground caribou to other organisms. One arrow points to the grizzly bear. The only arrow pointing from the grizzly bear leads to the mushroom. The other arrow pointing from the barren-ground caribou leads to the mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the barren-ground caribou to the earthworm.There is one path matter can take from the rough-legged hawk to the earthworm: rough-legged hawk->earthworm. mushroom. No arrows point from the mushroom to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the mushroom to the earthworm.. There is one path matter can take from the snowy owl to the earthworm: snowy owl->earthworm. The answer is D.", "10711": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the blouse or the skirt.\nAlthough the blouse costs too much, it does look lovely with that skirt.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe blouse looks lovely with that skirt, but it costs too much. The answer is B.", "10716": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 75 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 60 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 75 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is B.", "10723": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on the leash, look at the forces:\nDaisy is pulling the leash forward with a force of 250 N.\nCamilla is pulling the leash backward with a force of 180 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 250 N and 180 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the leash. The answer is A.", "10725": "This country is Fiji. The answer is D.", "10729": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is A.", "10732": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The answer is A.", "10738": "Look at the table and images.\nClara wants broccoli. Hazel wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "10750": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. Like other birds, a gray crowned crane is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA tiger is a mammal. Like other mammals, a tiger is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA komodo dragon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a komodo dragon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is D.", "10755": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jennifer wants or needs:\nJennifer will spend more time in the Photography Club than she would have spent in the Theater Club. The answer is A.", "10758": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "10761": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. The answer is B.", "10762": "Look at the table and images.\nErik wants broccoli. Lily wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "10770": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Logan's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is B.", "10783": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words goat and sob rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word rob does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is B.", "10785": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 17\u00b0F.\n17\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "10786": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. Ice cream, cookie, and cake go together. They are sweet things. Grass is not a sweet thing, so it is not like the other words. The answer is A.", "10790": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a car key is 6 centimeters.\n6 meters is too long. The answer is B.", "10791": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures. To describe the average temperature trends in New York City, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in January and February are between 30\u00b0F and 35\u00b0F. These months have the lowest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are the coldest months of the year. The answer is A.", "10793": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Cape Breton Highlands National Park has many evergreen trees. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is B.", "10797": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nJon custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Lancaster.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Jon's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nJon bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Lancaster.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "10801": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nAllawi, Ali A. Faisali of Iraq. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Print.\nYou can tell that Faisali is the author's last name because it appears after the author's first name. The answer is C.", "10819": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work. The answer is A.", "10823": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal. The answer is B.", "10837": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 80 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is C.", "10838": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm. The answer is A.", "10839": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is C.", "10840": "The circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through your body. Your heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout your body. Arteries carry blood from your heart to your organs. Veins carry blood back to your heart. Your lungs are also part of your circulatory system. They work with your heart and blood vessels to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air you breathe. The answer is B.", "10841": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Kemp's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "10853": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the wing type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for vestigial wings (n) is recessive to the allele for normal wings (N). This means N is a dominant allele, and n is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of Nn has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait must be normal wings. The answer is A.", "10854": "The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or freedom of religion. In the United States, voting is not a right. It is a privilege. The government does not have to let anyone vote. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The answer is A.", "10865": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts. The endoplasmic reticulum helps the cell make proteins. Instructions for making proteins are sent to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum and use the instructions to make proteins. The answer is B.", "10867": "The colony is North Carolina. The answer is D.", "10869": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts. The mitochondria break down sugar from the chloroplasts and release energy that the cell can use. The lysosomes break down worn-out cell parts and other waste. Plant cells also have a cell wall and a cell membrane.\nLike animal cells, plant cells have the organelles chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuole. But plant cells do not have a centrosome. The answer is A.", "10873": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is C.", "10874": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e The word hi ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable. The answer is A.", "10883": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "10885": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWalter lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Walter lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "10886": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A European green toad's scientific name is Bufo viridis. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo.\nBufo bufo is in the genus Bufo. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo. So, Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis are in the same genus.\nLithobates blairi is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates blairi and Bufo viridis are not in the same genus.\nHyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Bufo viridis are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "10889": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the leopard.\nThe leopard has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat. The leopard uses its large mouth to grab its prey. It uses its sharp teeth to cut up the meat of the prey into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe orca has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe tamandua has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. It does not have sharp teeth. So, its mouth is not adapted to tear through meat. The tamandua uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows. The answer is A.", "10894": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cardboard is smoother. If you touch a piece of cardboard, it will not feel rough or bumpy. The answer is B.", "10899": "Look at the table and images.\nIan wants broccoli. Joseph wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is C.", "10909": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "10919": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the polar bear.\nThe polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The polar bear uses its fur and fat to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Eurasian lynx has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe thorny devil has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places. The answer is A.", "10921": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person. The answer is B.", "10935": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Basil's genotype for the eye color gene is ee. Basil's genotype of ee has only e alleles. The e allele is for red eyes. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Basil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown eyes (E) is dominant over the allele for red eyes (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nBasil's genotype of ee has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes. The answer is B.", "10939": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities. The answer is A.", "10941": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nDark clouds hung over the coast of Algeria last weekend.\nThis passage tells you about the clouds last weekend over the coast of Algeria. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "10945": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 75% of the volume of Uranus by multiplying its volume by 0.75.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 51,248 billion km^3. So, the volume of Neptune is more than 75% of the volume of Uranus. The answer is A.", "10947": "The colony is New Jersey. The answer is A.", "10955": "Look at the table and images.\nTristan wants broccoli. Lorenzo wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "10960": "This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences. The answer is B.", "10961": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether fixing a computer is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a computer something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a computer a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a computer is a service. The answer is A.", "10962": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is A.", "10964": "Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana. The answer is C.", "10971": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest east. The answer is D.", "10980": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nJackie lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Jackie lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "10982": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "10984": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is A.", "10997": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A slender-spined porcupinefish's scientific name is Diodon nicthemerus.\nAmphiprion frenatus does not have the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Amphiprion frenatus are not in the same species.\nAmphiprion perideraion does not have the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Amphiprion perideraion are not in the same species.\nDiodon nicthemerus has the same scientific name as a slender-spined porcupinefish. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is C.", "10999": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. The new blanket was as soft as a kitten's fur.\nThe words blanket and kitten's fur are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is A.", "11000": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nTrent's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human. The answer is A.", "11006": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "11007": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Caring for Our Children.\" The answer is A.", "11015": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is D.", "11020": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "11022": "To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.\nThe map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 18 and 24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.\n24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.\n9 and 13 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range. The answer is A.", "11027": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 85 centimeters.\n85 kilometers is too long. The answer is B.", "11038": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is C.", "11042": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings. The answer is A.", "11046": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the article.\nTom was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email! The answer is A.", "11060": "Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Kylie wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "11064": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information. The answer is A.", "11067": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The potato sack is not slippery.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The potato sack is rough. The answer is A.", "11073": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The ocean water and the green apple are not sour.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is translucent. The answer is A.", "11083": "This state is Colorado. The answer is A.", "11085": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing**. The answer is B.", "11094": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pouch is not between the guide words picture - profit, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "11099": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Helen wants or needs:\nHelen will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins. The answer is B.", "11113": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "11116": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Lester investigated whether pruning tomato plants affects the weight of the tomatoes. So, the pruned tomato plants were part of an experimental group.\nThe unpruned tomato plants did not get pruned. So, they were not part of an experimental group. The answer is B.", "11119": "The answer is B.", "11120": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest north. The answer is C.", "11123": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "11126": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince phantom is between the guide words passage - pigeon, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "11131": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "11132": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Anne wants or needs:\nAnne will give up the chance to go on the scrambler. She would have had more fun on that ride. The answer is A.", "11137": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "11138": "Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. The answer is B.", "11145": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "11149": "This country is Tonga. The answer is A.", "11155": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is C.", "11169": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 39\u00b0F.\n39\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "11177": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Chelonoidis nigra is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus. The answer is B.", "11180": "One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The boy pushes the marble away from himself. The direction of the push is away from the boy's thumb. The answer is B.", "11181": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "11187": "The answer is B.", "11191": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is C.", "11195": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. Mrs. Leonard is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. The answer is A.", "11198": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Troy wants or needs:\nTroy will give up the chance to see the lemurs. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the otters. The answer is B.", "11199": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Hematite has all the properties of a mineral. So, hematite is a mineral. The answer is B.", "11201": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with mutated antennae or normal antennae, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the antenna type trait. The question tells you that the A allele, which is for mutated antennae, is dominant over the a allele, which is for normal antennae.\nMutated antennae is the dominant allele's version of the antenna type trait. A fruit fly with the dominant version of the antenna type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the antenna type gene. So, offspring with mutated antennae must have the genotype AA or Aa.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype AA or Aa.\nNormal antennae is the recessive allele's version of the antenna type trait. A fruit fly with the recessive version of the antenna type trait must have only recessive alleles for the antenna type gene. So, offspring with normal antennae must have the genotype aa.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype aa.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with mutated antennae to offspring with normal antennae is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with mutated antennae. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with normal antennae. The answer is E.", "11202": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype for the flower color gene is ff. The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for white flowers. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the scarlet rosemallow plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for red flowers (F) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers. The answer is A.", "11206": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether potassium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium chloride, KCl, contains two atomic symbols: K for potassium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that potassium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium chloride is a compound. The answer is A.", "11215": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "11218": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Chicken cooking in an oven is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. The answer is B.", "11219": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word hiding. It describes the phone as if it were a person who is hiding. The answer is B.", "11220": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince children is not between the guide words carriage - cloak, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "11223": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Cheyenne's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Cheyenne's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a red coat. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cheyenne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a red coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nCheyenne's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat. The answer is B.", "11227": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Mount Rainier National Park ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has long, cold winters and short, cool summers. It has many evergreen trees. The following statement does not describe Mount Rainier National Park: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has soil that is frozen year-round. The answer is A.", "11238": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 22 liters.\n22 milliliters is too little. The answer is A.", "11241": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nHouston is a city near the coast of Texas. A record 42 inches of rain fell near Houston during the last week of July in 1979.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the amount of rain that fell on Houston in 1979. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "11246": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is A.", "11252": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "11254": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is B.", "11257": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nBlue Moon, you saw me standing alone is a direct address to the moon, a nonhuman entity. The answer is A.", "11260": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the shoebill.\nLong legs help the shoebill keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe African sacred ibis has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe kookaburra has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The kookaburra uses its legs to walk and perch. The answer is A.", "11262": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince drive is between the guide words dad - distant, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "11263": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Beth is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "11280": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Scott sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is A.", "11283": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is B.", "11285": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea.\nArdea purpurea is in the same genus as Ardea herodias, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are different species within the same genus.\nArdea purpurea has the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nCaprimulgus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, Ardea purpurea and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same species. The answer is B.", "11293": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A monarch butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a monarch butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA rainbow boa is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a rainbow boa is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is B.", "11296": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. All three objects are transparent.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The water and the honey are not sour.\nAn opaque object does not let light through. None of the objects are opaque.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is transparent. The answer is A.", "11300": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "11309": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "11317": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 34 kilograms.\n34 grams is too light. The answer is A.", "11318": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 28\u00b0C.\n28\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "11320": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether potassium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that potassium bromide is composed of potassium atoms and bromine atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that potassium bromide is composed of two chemical elements: potassium and bromine. Since potassium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium bromide is a compound. The answer is B.", "11324": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 29 centimeters.\n29 meters is too long. The answer is B.", "11333": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "11335": "The Great Depression affected countries around the world.\nThe Great Depression began in the United States in 1929 and quickly spread to other countries. The effects of the Great Depression were felt in countries around the world, including Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa.\nMany people believe that the Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash of 1929. But the crash only set off the global economic downturn. The Great Depression was also caused by a worldwide depression in agriculture and business.\nThe Great Depression had a major impact on people's lives. It led to widespread unemployment and poverty. The unemployment rate in the United States increased to 25 percent in 1933. Many people lost their jobs, homes, and farms. The answer is D.", "11342": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "11344": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "11345": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a cherry pie is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy. The answer is C.", "11346": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "11367": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word merciless. It describes the vines as if they were merciless people. The answer is B.", "11371": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 70 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is A.", "11373": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPaper is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nPaper is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, paper is not a mineral.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nSphalerite is a mineral. The answer is B.", "11374": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have many different types of organisms. The answer is B.", "11380": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Hazel doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Hazel doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "11383": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase sprang to life. It describes the alarm clock as if it were a person who is suddenly awake. The answer is B.", "11384": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "11394": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether a motorcycle is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a motorcycle something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a motorcycle a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a motorcycle is a good. The answer is B.", "11397": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Troy is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing. The answer is B.", "11399": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is D.", "11400": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "11408": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "11416": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a potato is 16 centimeters.\n16 millimeters is too short. 16 meters and 16 kilometers are too long. The answer is A.", "11417": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure. The answer is A.", "11418": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase jumped out in front of me. It describes the curb as if it were a mischievous, unpredictable person. The answer is A.", "11421": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether chloroform is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of chloroform is composed of one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom, and one chlorine atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that chloroform is composed of three chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Since chloroform is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, chloroform is a compound. The answer is A.", "11429": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Hornblende has all the properties of a mineral. So, hornblende is a mineral. The answer is B.", "11430": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Petunia has two alleles for a hairy fleece (F). So, Petunia's genotype for the fleece type gene is FF. The answer is A.", "11434": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 75% of the volume of Uranus by multiplying its volume by 0.75.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 51,248 billion km^3. So, the volume of Neptune is more than 75% of the volume of Uranus. The answer is A.", "11445": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Joseph started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Joseph and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit. The answer is A.", "11446": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "11453": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A Steller's sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSea eagles use their sharp beaks to eat fish and other birds.\nA harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves.\nA humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWhales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. The answer is C.", "11454": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a simile:\nJoe's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nJoe's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as. The answer is A.", "11457": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Erica's or her sister's.\nThe airline lost Erica's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhen Erica and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage. The answer is B.", "11468": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is A.", "11480": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "11487": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 30 minutes.\n30 seconds is too fast. The answer is A.", "11489": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "11496": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 2 liters.\n2 milliliters is too little. The answer is A.", "11497": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Schmidt). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments. The answer is B.", "11498": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mona wants or needs:\nMona will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than she would have spent on the pirate ship. The answer is B.", "11502": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the bearded dragon.\nWhen frightened, the bearded dragon can spread out its spiny scales to appear larger and more dangerous. If a predator is nearby, the bearded dragon will spread out its spiny scales to scare it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Mozambique spitting cobra has a hood around its neck. It uses its neck to appear larger and more dangerous to a predator.\nThe Madagascar day gecko has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted to help it appear larger and more dangerous to a predator. The answer is B.", "11505": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThe humidity is low where Brody lives. So, the air is usually dry.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the usual humidity where Brody lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "11509": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is D.", "11511": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The population of Richmond fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Richmond has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too. The answer is B.", "11514": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. None of the objects are rough.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny. The answer is A.", "11523": "Chemical energy can be used for cell growth.\nAnimals need food, but plants don't.\nAll organisms need energy from food. Some organisms, including most plants, make their own food.\nChemical energy can be used for cell growth.\nCells can use chemical energy to power many important cell processes, including growth.\nA bear getting food.\nBears get energy from food. Bears eat fish, birds, and other animals. The answer is B.", "11532": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "11545": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 390 feet.\n390 inches is too short. 390 yards and 390 miles are too long. The answer is D.", "11546": "The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.\nThe roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.\nThe stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.\nThe leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.\nAfter they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.\nThe fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.\nThe seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow. The part of the pineapple tree we usually eat is the fruit. It contains the seeds. The answer is C.", "11548": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase walking out the door. It describes his last chance as if it were a person who is leaving. The answer is B.", "11552": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles. The answer is C.", "11556": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince middle is not between the guide words meadow - mole, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "11559": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. The following statements do not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters. It has many evergreen trees. The answer is C.", "11572": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is A.", "11578": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New York is farthest east. The answer is A.", "11581": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to fry an egg in a pan is 5 minutes.\n5 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "11582": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words fake and bike rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe word lake does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is B.", "11583": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with dumbo ears or normal ears, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for normal ears, is dominant over the e allele, which is for dumbo ears.\nDumbo ears is the recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. A rat with the recessive version of the ear type trait must have only recessive alleles for the ear type gene. So, offspring with dumbo ears must have the genotype ee.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee.\nNormal ears is the dominant allele's version of the ear type trait. A rat with the dominant version of the ear type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ear type gene. So, offspring with normal ears must have the genotype EE or Ee.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with dumbo ears to offspring with normal ears is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with dumbo ears. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with normal ears. The answer is B.", "11589": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Tora's observable version of the coat pattern trait is a black coat. So, Tora's phenotype for the coat pattern trait is a black coat. The answer is B.", "11590": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Caprimulgus europaeus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Caprimulgus europaeus is the scientific name. The answer is B.", "11591": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "11593": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A kangaroo is an animal. It hops and swims.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nA cherry tree is a plant. It can grow white or pink flowers.\nMany types of cherry trees come from Japan. Some of these trees have flowers, but no cherries! The answer is A.", "11596": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the marbles.\nThe marbles are made of glass.\nGlass is a clear, breakable material. Some clear marbles are made in Germany. They are called German glass marbles. The answer is A.", "11597": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Some humans are born with naturally straight hair. Others are born with naturally curly hair. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "11599": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Florida is farthest west. The answer is B.", "11603": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Ian's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Ian's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "11605": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the gerenuk.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe giraffe has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches.\nThe bison has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The bison eats mostly grass. The answer is B.", "11606": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is D.", "11607": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean. The answer is A.", "11608": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The glass bottle is not bouncy. The answer is A.", "11609": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right. The answer is B.", "11613": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is C.", "11639": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nMorning clouds usually clear up by noon where Leo lives.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds where Leo lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "11643": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA snowy owl is a bird. Like other birds, a snowy owl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a Caribbean spiny lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is A.", "11656": "Neil wanted broccoli in his lunch and Darnell was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nNeil has tomatoes. Darnell has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "11663": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. The second sentence states a fact.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was released in theaters on July 24, 2014.\nIt can be proved by looking up the release date of Guardians of the Galaxy.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was the most enjoyable film of 2014.\nMost enjoyable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a film enjoyable. The answer is B.", "11664": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is A.", "11670": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "11675": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is B.", "11688": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "11690": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "11695": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Kentucky is farthest north. The answer is B.", "11696": "Look at the table and images.\nJennifer wants broccoli. Melissa wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "11715": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis. The answer is B.", "11728": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "11733": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent, but the rubber ball is not.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All four objects are smooth.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The car bumper and the glass bottle are translucent, but the silver ring is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is smooth. The answer is A.", "11734": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A salmon is an animal. It swims in the water.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both freshwater and seawater.\nA peregrine falcon is an animal. It walks and flies.\nPeregrine falcons use their sharp beaks to eat other birds.\nA banana tree is a plant. It has large leaves.\nThe leaves on a banana tree can be up to nine feet long!\nA koala is an animal. It eats leaves.\nKoalas spend most of their time in trees. They sleep for up to 20 hours a day! The answer is B.", "11736": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. An underling has a more negative connotation. An underling is a subordinate. The answer is B.", "11738": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. The following statement does not describe the Tibetan Plateau: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters. The answer is B.", "11745": "In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem. The answer is B.", "11756": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British. The answer is A.", "11757": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "11758": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is A.", "11761": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is C.", "11768": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the crested black macaque.\nThe crested black macaque has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The crested black macaque uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe chital has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The chital uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is A.", "11772": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "11773": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Senator Serrano cares about her constituents, because she says she cares about them. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "11777": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nI can translate these French words for you, or you can use an online dictionary. The answer is B.", "11784": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each salmon increased, which means that the thermal energy of each salmon increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each salmon. The answer is B.", "11799": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Charlotte, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"January is the month with the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nSeveral other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than January.\nChoice \"Charlotte has a rainy season and a dry season.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has some rain, and there is no dry season. So, Charlotte does not have a rainy season and a dry season.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year. The answer is B.", "11802": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "11805": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south. The answer is D.", "11815": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the museum needs more security guards. However, the fact that the speaker thinks the exhibit needs more security doesn't necessarily mean that the speaker is considering stealing from the exhibit. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a ad hominem. The answer is B.", "11817": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Dudley is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age. The answer is A.", "11818": "This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force. The answer is C.", "11819": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Granite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, granite is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "11825": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words the and come are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is B. The answer is B.", "11829": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 10 pounds.\n10 ounces is too light and 10 tons is too heavy. The answer is B.", "11845": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a savanna grassland ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters.\nChoice 2 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 3 is a taiga ecosystem. It has many evergreen trees. The answer is A.", "11849": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is B.", "11860": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The melted marshmallow is stretchy, but the caramel corn and the bubble gum are not.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The caramel corn and the bubble gum are not salty.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky. The answer is A.", "11862": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, win. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "11866": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 310 milliliters.\n310 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "11868": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a pair of goggles is 60 grams.\n60 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is A.", "11874": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Skippy's genotype for the body hair gene is bb. Skippy's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a hairless body. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Skippy's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairy body (B) is dominant over the allele for a hairless body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nSkippy's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body. The answer is B.", "11881": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (get, real).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "11886": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "11890": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is A.", "11892": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Trisha has two alleles for having sickle-cell disease (a). So, Trisha's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene is aa. The answer is B.", "11897": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is C.", "11901": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Rain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nA plate is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If someone puts food on a plate, the food will keep its shape.\nA helium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\nAn umbrella is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If someone opens an umbrella, the umbrella will keep its shape. The answer is B.", "11917": "Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. The answer is D.", "11921": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is C.", "11922": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. Both objects are salty.\nA sticky object can stick to other things. The potato chips are not sticky.\nThe property that both objects have in common is salty. The answer is B.", "11923": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "11925": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. Breaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. The answer is A.", "11926": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is A.", "11928": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of granite match the properties of a rock. So, granite is a rock. The answer is B.", "11930": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is C.", "11931": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second invitation is more formal. It uses more ceremonious language (you are cordially invited) and addresses the reader in a more impersonal manner (as an expression of our appreciation). The other invitation uses contractions (you're) and is more familiar in tone (we want to say \"Thanks!\"). The answer is A.", "11932": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A pickerel frog's scientific name is Lithobates palustris. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates.\nLithobates catesbeianus is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates catesbeianus and Lithobates palustris are in the same genus.\nAgalychnis callidryas is in the genus Agalychnis. The first word of its scientific name is Agalychnis. So, Agalychnis callidryas and Lithobates palustris are not in the same genus.\nBufo guttatus is in the genus Bufo. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo. So, Bufo guttatus and Lithobates palustris are not in the same genus. The answer is A.", "11934": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "11936": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is B.", "11942": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nLake Titicaca is a large, deep lake on the border between Peru and Bolivia. Dry, windy conditions are common each year in June, July, and August.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns at Lake Titicaca. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "11943": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Vinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\nAn arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An arrowhead is made of rock.\nA eraser is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can break an eraser into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA rag doll is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can bend a rag doll. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe answer is D.", "11946": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else. The answer is A.", "11948": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is A.", "11954": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "11955": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean. The answer is D.", "11963": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rita lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Rita lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "11964": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Senator Swift hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Swift wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is A.", "11975": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is B.", "11983": "The colony is North Carolina. The answer is D.", "11984": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. The better estimate for the length of a potato is 8 inches.\n8 feet is too long. The answer is A.", "11986": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. A scrawny animal has a more negative connotation. Scrawny and slender both denote a lack of body fat. However, scrawny suggests a lack of strength or muscle, while slender suggests a lack of bulk. The answer is B.", "11988": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "11990": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nKennedy repeats the words we need at the beginning of each sentence. The answer is B.", "11992": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "11995": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nPenguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim.\nA common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. The answer is C.", "12008": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "12011": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait. First, consider the alleles in Kiki's genotype for the whisker type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nKiki's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be straight whiskers. The answer is A.", "12016": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles. The answer is B.", "12021": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "12023": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nEvery winter my father grows a thick beard. The answer is B.", "12026": "The colony is Delaware. The answer is C.", "12031": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.\nThe lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer.\nThe barren-ground caribou has arrows pointing to it from the bilberry and the collared lemming. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer, not a producer. The answer is A.", "12033": "Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4 The answer is B.", "12034": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is B.", "12047": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is A.", "12054": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is B.", "12056": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "12064": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Leaves changing color in the fall is a physical change. The leaves change into a different type of matter, but they are still made of the same type of matter. The answer is A.", "12068": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hind is between the guide words heart - hood, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "12072": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is A.", "12083": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Santiago, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nJune has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, June has the highest average precipitation. The answer is B.", "12096": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is D.", "12100": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "12103": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period. The answer is A.", "12105": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plant cells have a nucleus. The answer is A.", "12116": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "12117": "This country is New Zealand. The answer is A.", "12123": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But water evaporating from a puddle is not. The answer is A.", "12129": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 19 ounces.\n19 pounds and 19 tons are both too heavy. The answer is C.", "12134": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 60 and 70. So, the temperature is 65\u00b0F. The answer is A.", "12135": "This state is Michigan. The answer is A.", "12137": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Hevea brasiliensis is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is A.", "12139": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "12143": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock. The answer is B.", "12154": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nAsian pears don't change color after being harvested, but some European pears do. The answer is A.", "12157": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word sprinted. It describes the wave as if it were a person who ran fast. The answer is A.", "12167": "When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed) When a hawk moth visits a petunia flower, the moth gets nectar and pollen. So, the hawk moth benefits from its relationship with the petunia.\nThe petunia does not get hurt by the moth's visit. So, the petunia also benefits from its relationship with the moth.\nSince both the hawk moth and the petunia benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when the hawk moth visits the petunia flower. The answer is B.", "12172": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words swirl and twirl rhyme. They both end with the irl sound.\nThe word snarl does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is A.", "12174": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is D.", "12176": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "12183": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Scott or Ed.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Scott.\nAfter Scott explained the chemistry homework to Ed, Scott understood it better, too. The answer is A.", "12191": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. A seedling is a small, young plant. A seedling will grow into an adult plant. The answer is A.", "12192": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words yank and thank don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\nThe word hike does rhyme. It ends with the same sound as tip. The answer is C.", "12198": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nSheep's wool is used to make all kinds of clothing.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about wool.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe most comfortable clothing is made from wool.\nMost comfortable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what feels most comfortable. The answer is A.", "12204": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and an are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is In the Blink of an Eye. The answer is A.", "12215": "A tree is outside.\nA tree can be very tall.\nBirds may live in a tree. The answer is A.", "12219": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nTonight the farmers will herd the cattle into the barn. The answer is B.", "12226": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "12232": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "12234": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 30 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is C.", "12240": "Authors use different text structures to organize their ideas in writing. Learning to identify these structures will help you to understand the relationships between ideas in informational texts. You can also use these structures to organize your own writing.\nA cause-effect structure presents the causes and the effects of a particular event, trend, or situation. This structure often uses words and phrases such as because, since, as a result, due to, or consequently.\nA compare-contrast structure presents similarities (comparisons) and differences (contrasts) between two or more things. This structure often uses words and phrases such as like, similarly, or in the same way (for comparing) or on the other hand, in contrast, or unlike (for contrasting).\nA problem-solution structure presents a problem and suggests one or more possible solutions. This structure often uses words such as issue, question, puzzle, propose, and answer.\nA sequential structure describes a series of events that happens in a certain order. This structure often uses specific dates and times or words such as first, next, during, finally, and while. The text uses a cause-effect structure to show the effects of excluding anti-war protesters from the Democratic National Convention. The answer is A.", "12247": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince afraid is between the guide words above - asphalt, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "12255": "This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis. The answer is A.", "12263": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick. The answer is B.", "12266": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSweet sorrow is a contradiction, because sweet describes something that is gentle and pleasant, while sorrow refers to grief or sadness. The answer is B.", "12269": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the swim goggles.\nThe swim goggles are made of rubber.\nSome rubber is stretchy. Other types of rubber are not. Swim goggles are made of a stretchy type of rubber. The answer is B.", "12284": "Genes affect traits.\nGenes contain information about inherited traits.\nAll organisms have genes.\nAll organisms have genes that contain information about their inherited traits.\nEye color is an example of a gene.\nAn organism's eye color is affected by its genes. But eye color is not a gene. Eye color is a trait, which is an observable characteristic of an organism.\nGenes are passed down from parents to offspring.\nWhen an organism reproduces, it passes copies of its genes to its offspring. This is how information about inherited traits is passed down. The answer is A.", "12287": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "12292": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "12298": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the giant anteater.\nA tube-shaped snout helps the giant anteater reach into a burrow. A long, sticky tongue helps it catch the insects.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe long-beaked echidna has a tube-shaped snout and a long, sticky tongue. Its mouth is adapted to eat insects that live inside burrows.\nThe gorilla has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to get insects out of burrows. The gorilla uses its mouth to eat leaves and fruit. The answer is B.", "12311": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Ms. Boone or her daughter.\nMs. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but her daughter couldn't find the knife.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMs. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but she couldn't find the knife. The answer is B.", "12316": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 32 gallons.\n32 fluid ounces and 32 cups are both too little. The answer is A.", "12320": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 3 kilograms.\n3 grams is too light. The answer is B.", "12321": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting a piece of rope is a physical change. The rope is shorter after you cut it. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut rope.\nPeeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "12324": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "12332": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "12335": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "12340": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. An Asian elephant is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nElephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader.\nA bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nA green iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit. The answer is A.", "12350": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "12357": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is D.", "12358": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Panamanian golden frog's scientific name is Atelopus zeteki.\nAtelopus zeteki has the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nHyla japonica does not have the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, Atelopus zeteki and Hyla japonica are not in the same species.\nBufo guttatus does not have the same scientific name as a Panamanian golden frog. So, Atelopus zeteki and Bufo guttatus are not in the same species. The answer is A.", "12365": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nWoodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nHammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth.\nA red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous. The answer is C.", "12370": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWhitman repeats the word out of at the beginning of each line. The answer is A.", "12382": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMr. Fowler exercises after work, or he plays cards with friends. The answer is A.", "12390": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Steven doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook. The answer is B.", "12394": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her word choice by reducing repetitive language.\nFor example, the writer could reduce the use of nearby, not to mention, and other by using a thesaurus to find synonyms.\nIf you're ever in New York State, you should see Albany, the state capitol. When I visited last summer, I was impressed by the museums, the historic mansions and colonial homes, and other cites. The surrounding area also provides plenty of options for outdoor recreation. Nearby lakes and rivers, not to mention the majestic Adirondack Mountains, offer hiking, fishing, and canoeing opportunities. The answer is A.", "12396": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Eva or Anna.\nWhen Eva ran into Anna at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEva smiled and said hello when she ran into Anna at the post office. The answer is B.", "12397": "This country is The Bahamas. The answer is D.", "12399": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "12403": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Indian Ocean. The answer is C.", "12406": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "12413": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. California is farthest south. The answer is A.", "12414": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. A boring shirt has a more negative connotation. A boring shirt is a shirt that is not interesting. The answer is A.", "12418": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "12421": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. Arguing about something has a more negative connotation. If you argue about something, you have a heated dispute about it. The answer is B.", "12427": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 13 milliliters.\n13 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "12438": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October is the wettest month.\" is incorrect.\nEvery other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.\nChoice \"The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months.\nChoice \"June, July, and August are the driest months of the year.\" is incorrect.\nOn average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months. The answer is B.", "12441": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nInside its tissues, the spotted jelly\u2014a marine invertebrate native to the South Pacific\u2014grows symbiotic algae that produces food for the jelly and gives it a greenish-brown hue. The answer is A.", "12446": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The cracker and the potato chips are not rough.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All three objects are salty.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The cracker and the potato chips are not yellow.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is salty. The answer is B.", "12452": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The muskmelon plant's observable version of the fruit taste trait is sour fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait is sour fruit. The answer is A.", "12453": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship. The answer is A.", "12455": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is D.", "12468": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. The answer is C.", "12473": "This country is Antigua and Barbuda. The answer is B.", "12477": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is C.", "12487": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "12489": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "12490": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first memo to customers is more formal. It uses more elevated language (committed to, honoring). The other memo to customers uses more conversational language (cares about, providing). The answer is A.", "12506": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The jello is sweet, but the ocean water is not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The jello is flexible, but the ocean water is not.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All four objects are translucent.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is translucent. The answer is A.", "12509": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou can wipe up your spill with some paper towels, or you can use the sponge on the counter. The answer is A.", "12513": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, Peary Land has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants. The answer is B.", "12521": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a bike path is 2 miles.\n2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short. The answer is D.", "12523": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the government should raise taxes to improve public schools. However, the text also argues that not raising taxes is a form of condemning the schools to failure. This is a false dichotomy. The argument gives the reader only two choices when more options exist. For instance, the government could raise taxes or not. The answer is C.", "12535": "Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. The answer is D.", "12547": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase devouring. It describes the tsunami as if it were a ravenous person. The answer is B.", "12549": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether nitrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for nitrogen is N2. This formula contains one symbol: N. So, the formula tells you that nitrogen is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, nitrogen is an elementary substance. The answer is B.", "12553": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A sand cat's scientific name is Felis margarita. The first word of its scientific name is Felis.\nLynx rufus is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx rufus and Felis margarita are not in the same genus.\nLynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Felis margarita are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the sand cat are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Felis margarita. The answer is A.", "12554": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "12556": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles. The answer is B.", "12557": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. It has shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms.\nTropical coral reefs have the following features:\nshallow water that is warm and sunlit\nwater that is rich in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms, including corals, fish, and invertebrates such as clams and worms\nThe answer is B.", "12577": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The horseshoe magnet pulls the paper clips upward. The direction of the pull is toward the magnet. The answer is B.", "12587": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest west. The answer is D.", "12606": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Water evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed. The answer is A.", "12608": "Look at the table and images.\nLamar wants broccoli. Jackson wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "12611": "The city is Denver, Colorado. Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is D.", "12613": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nThe words was, I, and late are repeated at the beginning of each sentence. The answer is B.", "12627": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that allowing one person to miss a deadline will lead to others asking for the same treatment. However, this isn't necessarily true. This argument offers only one extreme and unlikely outcome. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy. The answer is B.", "12629": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Tim must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tim is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "12641": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, the Belize Barrier Reef has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms. The answer is A.", "12645": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. All three objects are colorful.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. None of the objects are sticky.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is colorful. The answer is C.", "12652": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The older brother applies a force to the back of the car to move it forward. The direction of this force is away from the older brother. This force is a push. The answer is B.", "12662": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 7 milliliters.\n7 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "12664": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "12670": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period. The answer is B.", "12672": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nRaymond took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain. The answer is B.", "12673": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. California is farthest west. The answer is B.", "12675": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A gray heron's scientific name is Ardea cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nLissotriton helveticus is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton helveticus and Ardea cinerea are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the gray heron are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea cinerea.\nHyla cinerea and Ardea cinerea are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Hyla cinerea and Ardea cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla, and Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea. The answer is B.", "12677": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But water freezing into ice is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But dry ice sublimating is not. The answer is B.", "12683": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "12698": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh! Stars and clouds and winds, ye are all about to mock me; if ye really pity me, crush sensation and memory; let me become as naught. The answer is A.", "12706": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering. The answer is A.", "12707": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mason wants or needs:\nMason will give up some muffins. He could have made more cranberry muffins than blueberry muffins. The answer is B.", "12712": "To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\n10\u00b0C.\n-1\u00b0C is within this range.\n-22\u00b0C and 2\u00b0C are outside of this range. The answer is B.", "12714": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "12719": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Kelly is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat. The answer is B.", "12722": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. Bees making honey from nectar is a chemical change. Bees have a special body part that changes the nectar into honey. The honey is a different type of matter than the nectar. The answer is A.", "12723": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The restaurant is in column 3. The answer is B.", "12724": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Caden attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month. The answer is C.", "12733": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether phosphine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of phosphine is composed of one phosphorus atom and one hydrogen atom bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that phosphine is composed of two chemical elements: phosphorus and hydrogen. Since phosphine is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, phosphine is a compound. The answer is A.", "12741": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Trent's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Trent's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job. The answer is A.", "12753": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Sonoran Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has a small amount of rain. The following statements do not describe the Sonoran Desert: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has warm, wet summers. It has only a few types of organisms. The answer is C.", "12754": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "12756": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince always is between the guide words after - another, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "12758": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nFiddling with the pipes suggests that the plumber was having a hard time fixing the leak. The burped up suggests that the drain released the water in a rush. The answer is A.", "12776": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A bowling ball is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nIf you hit a bowling ball with a bowling ball, the first ball will still have a size and shape of its own. The answer is B.", "12777": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,370 kilograms.\n6,370 grams is too light. The answer is B.", "12785": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a hot day is 36\u00b0C.\n36\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "12787": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is D.", "12793": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nDanced describes the trees as if they were people. The answer is A.", "12799": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is D.", "12809": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "12814": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 1,080 liters.\n1,080 milliliters is too little. The answer is A.", "12815": "Look at the table and images.\nSamir wants broccoli. Derek wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "12821": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "12824": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nYarn is made by knitting strands of material together. The yarn is made of the same type of matter as the strands.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "12827": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is D.", "12839": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is D.", "12841": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is B.", "12842": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is B.", "12845": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nLas Vegas is in the desert. On average, Las Vegas has almost 300 clear, sunny days each year!\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in Las Vegas. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "12856": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is D.", "12858": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cardinalfish is a fish. Like other fish, a cardinalfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA green sea turtle is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a green sea turtle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. The answer is D.", "12861": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "12869": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "12875": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and S for sulfur. So, hydrogen sulfide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen sulfide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for cyclopropane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and C for carbon. So, cyclopropane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, cyclopropane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for silver contains one symbol: Ag. So, silver is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, silver is an elementary substance. The answer is C.", "12878": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether argon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for argon is Ar. This formula contains one symbol: Ar. So, the formula tells you that argon is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, argon is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "12894": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether gallium arsenide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for gallium arsenide, GaAs, contains two atomic symbols: Ga for gallium and As for arsenic. So, the formula tells you that gallium arsenide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince gallium arsenide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, gallium arsenide is a compound. The answer is A.", "12897": "Lansing is the capital of Michigan. The answer is D.", "12905": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "12909": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is D.", "12916": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is B.", "12924": "The answer is A.", "12925": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDeveloped has a polite sound and refers to the military personnel rather than the technology. The answer is A.", "12933": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLeah couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Leah so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "12936": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nAn antler is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, an antler is not a mineral.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral. The answer is A.", "12938": "Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas. The answer is D.", "12940": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "12961": "Look at the table and images.\nJenny wants broccoli. Zoe wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "12965": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "12966": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "12976": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion golden calf is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Aaron, the brother of Moses, creates a golden calf while Moses is on Mount Sinai receiving the Ten Commandments.\nThe answer is B.", "12979": "Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. The answer is C.", "12983": "This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis. The answer is A.", "12984": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is A.", "12992": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince human is between the guide words hate - here, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "12995": "This state is California. The answer is C.", "12999": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nAll ants have six legs.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about ants.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nRed ants are worse than black ants.\nWorse shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which type of ant is worse. The answer is A.", "13005": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 75 gallons.\n75 fluid ounces and 75 cups are both too little. The answer is C.", "13007": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "13009": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is D.", "13012": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "13015": "When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n Look at the picture.\nThe word booming describes the sound this thunderstorm makes.\nPurring and squeaking can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds this thunderstorm makes. The answer is B.", "13016": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is B.", "13017": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is A.", "13021": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Meg wants or needs:\nMeg will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. She would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club. The answer is A.", "13043": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming. The answer is A.", "13054": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe mushroom has an arrow pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou. The barren-ground caribou is a producer, so the mushroom is a primary consumer.\nThe Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the brown lemming. The brown lemming is a producer, so the Arctic fox is a primary consumer.\nThe rough-legged hawk has an arrow pointing to it from the parasitic jaeger. The parasitic jaeger is not a producer, so the rough-legged hawk is not a primary consumer.\nThe bilberry has an arrow pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou. The barren-ground caribou is a producer, so the bilberry is a primary consumer. The answer is A.", "13058": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Diamond has all the properties of a mineral. So, diamond is a mineral. The answer is B.", "13062": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. The answer is A.", "13063": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth changed.\nThe ocean floor is lower than the surface of the ocean. As the submarine dove toward the ocean floor, the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the submarine and Earth decreased as the submarine dove toward the ocean floor. The answer is A.", "13064": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "13066": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne sailboat moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other sailboat moved 50 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each sailboat spent the same amount of time moving. The sailboat that moved 100 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is B.", "13068": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hospital is between the guide words helping - hunter, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "13072": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is A.", "13078": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the evening grosbeak.\nThe evening grosbeak has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The evening grosbeak uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe hawfinch has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds.\nThe common swift has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack hard seeds. The common swift uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates. The answer is B.", "13086": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit sheen gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for dull fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dull fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for glossy fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit. The answer is A.", "13087": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nRicher than the king is an exaggeration, since it is not possible to be richer than the king. The answer is A.", "13093": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The tree bark and the rock are not shiny.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy. The answer is C.", "13102": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "13110": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Bartlett was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time. The answer is A.", "13114": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "13122": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "13125": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce. This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that poison oak shrubs have chloroplasts in their cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is green. This suggests that poison oak shrubs' cells are green.\nPoison oak shrubs also produce an oil that can give people an itchy rash if they touch the leaves. As the oil is not photosynthetic, poison oak shrubs are photosynthetic.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the poison dart frog is photosynthetic. The answer is A.", "13128": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Reggie is not looking for a job, because he has moved back in with his parents. However, even though Reggie is living with his parents, that doesn't necessarily mean that he isn't looking for a job. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization. The answer is B.", "13133": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Arrived at the beach is a complete sentence. The subject is you, and the verb is arrived. The answer is A.", "13145": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A wolf spider is an insect. Like other insects, a wolf spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA Tasmanian devil is a mammal. Like other mammals, a Tasmanian devil has a backbone. The answer is A.", "13147": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 825 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 460 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 825 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is A.", "13162": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "13164": "Look at the text in bold below. It tells you when a giant tortoise might sleep for weeks at a time.\nAnd when there is little water, giant tortoises might sleep for weeks at a time. This helps them save energy. Giant tortoises can live up to a year without food or water if they have to! The answer is A.", "13166": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is C.", "13180": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over. The answer is A.", "13184": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Erik is overweight. The answer is A.", "13197": "This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences. The answer is D.", "13199": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\nAn olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. The answer is A.", "13202": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the Allen's hummingbird.\nThe Allen's hummingbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The Allen's hummingbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe green violetear has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.\nThe secretary bird has a short, thick beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The secretary bird uses its beak to eat snakes. The answer is A.", "13204": "The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nocean-continent subduction zone\nOne type of convergent boundary is an ocean-continent subduction zone, which forms when a plate with oceanic crust and a plate with continental crust move toward each other. The oceanic crust subducts, or sinks, below the continental crust.\nAs the oceanic crust subducts, a deep-sea trench forms at the plate boundary. Some rock in the subducting plate melts into magma and rises toward the surface. The magma cools and hardens to create a string of volcanoes called a volcanic arc. To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Cascade Range, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nThe Cascade Range is a volcanic arc in the Pacific Northwest that begins in California and runs north into British Columbia. As the North American Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate move toward each other, oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca Plate subducts, or sinks, below continental crust of the North American Plate.\nThere are eighteen volcanoes in the Cascade Range, and some of them are still active. Mount St. Helens is an active volcano near Seattle, Washington. It last erupted in May of 1980.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Cascade Range formed as the two plates moved toward each other. So, the Cascade Range formed at a convergent boundary. The answer is C.", "13210": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nGetting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log gets shorter, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "13215": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.\nThe vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe lama has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The lama uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is B.", "13219": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is B.", "13227": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear. The answer is A.", "13230": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down. The answer is B.", "13236": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince called is between the guide words chief - corral, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "13247": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is C.", "13251": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. The answer is A.", "13252": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMatthew makes toast for breakfast, or he eats a banana later at school. The answer is B.", "13253": "This country is Grenada. The answer is A.", "13258": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "13263": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is C.", "13268": "Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Sidney was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nArianna has tomatoes. Sidney has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is B.", "13271": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Amazon rain forest has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms. The answer is B.", "13280": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhile at the park today, Kyle noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "13285": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA white-spotted octopus is a mollusk. Like other mollusks, a white-spotted octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA locust is an insect. Like other insects, a locust is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is C.", "13293": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Charlie sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is B.", "13309": "Dustin wanted broccoli in his lunch and Irma was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nDustin has tomatoes. Irma has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "13311": "The map shows that the Thirteen Colonies traded with West Africa, the West Indies, and Great Britain.\nWest Africa traded goods with the West Indies and Great Britain.\nThe West Indies traded goods with Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies.\nGreat Britain traded goods with the Thirteen Colonies and West Africa. The triangular trade involved trading goods with two other places. The pattern is shown in the map. The answer is B.", "13312": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince jaw is between the guide words jerk - junk, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "13319": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Canada lynx's scientific name is Lynx canadensis.\nLynx canadensis has the same scientific name as a Canada lynx. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nMacropus agilis does not have the same scientific name as a Canada lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Macropus agilis are not in the same species.\nLynx canadensis is in the same genus as Lynx rufus, but they are not in the same species.\nOrganisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Lynx canadensis and Lynx rufus are different species within the same genus. The answer is C.", "13344": "The answer is B.", "13348": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "13354": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nHeather was terribly late to work this morning because her car broke down on the freeway.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: very; extremely.\nHeather's car was running terribly before she took it to the mechanic for a tune-up.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "13356": "Look at the table and images.\nElise wants broccoli. Nolan wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "13388": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nWarren custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oak Grove.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Warren's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nWarren bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oak Grove.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "13392": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "13393": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Anna's hair color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "13394": "Nina wanted broccoli in her lunch and Ivan was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nNina has tomatoes. Ivan has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "13397": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a warm loaf of bread is 65\u00b0C.\n65\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is B.", "13408": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that California avocados are the best tasting, because they are grown in California. However, the fact that California avocados are grown in California is not necessarily true. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is C.", "13413": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The flimsy flip-flops are colorful.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The flimsy flip-flops are not sticky. The answer is A.", "13420": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether lithium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for lithium bromide, LiBr, contains two atomic symbols: Li for lithium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that lithium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince lithium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, lithium bromide is a compound. The answer is A.", "13424": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. An eraser is a solid. You can easily break an eraser into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nCoffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nThe air inside a tire is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a tire expands to fill all the space inside the tire. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the tire. The answer is B.", "13434": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "13437": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern. This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nI heard a Fly buzz\u2014when I died\u2014\nThe Stillness in the Room\nWas like the Stillness in the Air\u2014\nBetween the Heaves of Storm\u2014 The answer is A.", "13441": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nChurchill repeats the word victory at the beginning of each phrase. The answer is A.", "13443": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is C.", "13446": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is C.", "13456": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have many different types of organisms. The answer is A.", "13457": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "13458": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sacred is between the guide words shoe - source, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "13459": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Earth. The volume of Earth is 1.08 x 10^12 km^3, which is greater than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Earth is more than ten times the volume of Mercury. The answer is A.", "13461": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "13463": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nPlacental mammals have the following traits:\nThey give birth to live offspring.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA North American beaver has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nIt has fur.\nA North American beaver has the traits of a placental mammal. A North American beaver is a placental mammal.\nA dwarf crocodile has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA dwarf crocodile does not have all of the traits of a placental mammal. A dwarf crocodile is a reptile. The answer is B.", "13469": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Darnel wants or needs:\nDarnel will spend more money. Plane tickets for Darnel to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Virginia. The answer is B.", "13471": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Devon's skin color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "13475": "The answer is A.", "13476": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Southern Ocean.\nThe Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60\u00b0 South latitude. The answer is A.", "13480": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each bottle increased, which means that the thermal energy of each bottle increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each bottle. The answer is A.", "13484": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A painted stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. The answer is A.", "13488": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Sugar has two alleles for a normal-sized body (B). So, Sugar's genotype for the body size gene is BB. The answer is A.", "13489": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is B.", "13491": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "13497": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "13500": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. The cracker is salty.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The cracker is not bendable. The answer is A.", "13503": "Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The answer is A.", "13507": "This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. The answer is B.", "13510": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 23 seconds.\n23 minutes is too slow. The answer is A.", "13525": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Water freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water. The answer is B.", "13528": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Pablo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is B.", "13539": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Apple or Orange**. The answer is A.", "13544": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the bull shark.\nThe bull shark has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The bull shark uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The answer is B.", "13547": "Read the passage.\nThis is a map of Earth. The map uses color to show parts of Earth that are covered by land and water. The map uses white to show large sheets of ice and snow called glaciers.\nThe map's legend, or information box, shows the feature that each color represents.\nThere are 10 major water masses on Earth. This map shows eight of them. The other two are the Arctic and the Antarctic. The legend shows the names of each water mass.\nLiqui water is water that is not frozen.\nGlacier ice is ice that forms on land. It forms when liquid water freezes and becomes solid.\nThis map has legend icons for water in oceans and water in clouds.\nWater in oceans is shown in shades of blue.\nWater in clouds is shown in shades of white.\nThe answer is B.", "13551": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words shut and rut rhyme. They both end with the ut sound.\nThe word mat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is A.", "13552": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "13571": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the kelp.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the sea otter: kelp->sea urchin->sea otter. There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the bat star: kelp->sea urchin->sea otter->orca->bat star. zooplankton. The only arrow pointing to the zooplankton starts from the phytoplankton. No arrow points to the phytoplankton. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the zooplankton.. phytoplankton. The only arrow pointing to the phytoplankton starts from the sun. The sun does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp to the phytoplankton.. bat star. The only arrow pointing to the bat star starts from the orca. The only arrow pointing to the orca starts from the sea otter. The only arrow pointing to the sea otter starts from the sea urchin. The only arrow pointing to the sea urchin starts from the kelp. The answer is C.", "13574": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "13592": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. The answer is B.", "13599": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down. The answer is B.", "13603": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "13605": "This country is The Bahamas. The answer is A.", "13614": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "13621": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (FYI).\nThe first sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal. The answer is A.", "13640": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Josh's skin color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "13643": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The yarn pom pom is not scratchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The yarn pom pom is blue. The answer is A.", "13644": "The answer is A.", "13652": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus.\nLacerta agilis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Lacerta agilis and Macropus agilis have the same species name within their genus, agilis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Lacerta agilis is in the genus Lacerta, and Macropus agilis is in the genus Macropus.\nIctinia mississippiensis is in the genus Ictinia. The first word of its scientific name is Ictinia. So, Ictinia mississippiensis and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the agile wallaby are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Macropus agilis. The answer is B.", "13666": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others. The answer is A.", "13667": "Look at the table and images.\nKyle wants broccoli. Tony wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "13678": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nBrad perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nBrad perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "13687": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is A.", "13688": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "13695": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "13696": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass bottle is harder. If you squeeze a glass bottle, it will not change shape. The answer is A.", "13704": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "13715": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nZebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBarn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. The answer is D.", "13726": "The answer is A.", "13732": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is C.", "13736": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 3 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left. The answer is B.", "13738": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "13741": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is B.", "13744": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCartilaginous fish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey live underwater.\nThey have a skeleton made of cartilage.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA snowy owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA snowy owl does not have all of the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A snowy owl is a bird.\nA tiger shark has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt lives underwater.\nIt has a skeleton made of cartilage.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA tiger shark has the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A tiger shark is a cartilaginous fish. The answer is A.", "13745": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "13746": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is D.", "13752": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is C.", "13754": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "13756": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on the cat, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the cat down with a force of 40 N.\nThe bottom of the box is pushing the cat up with a force of 40 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 40 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cat. The answer is B.", "13758": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is B.", "13765": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic. The answer is A.", "13767": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Jane's or Bella's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Bella's.\nJane roomed with Bella last year, but Bella's messiness became a point of contention. The answer is A.", "13777": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe palm leaf fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the palm leaf fossil is most likely younger than the fern fossil. The answer is B.", "13781": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Massachusetts is farthest south. The answer is B.", "13784": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (occurs, goes, in front of).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "13795": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely. The answer is A.", "13807": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "13811": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nA boy floated down the Obed River on a raft. It had rained the day before, so the river was flowing fast.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the speed of the river. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "13814": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "13815": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Cyprinus carpio is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCyprinus carpio is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that common carp is the common name. The answer is B.", "13818": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nKevin prepared a receipt for the customer while Zack packaged her items for her. The answer is B.", "13834": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is B.", "13837": "The city is Cleveland, Ohio. Chicago, Omaha, and St. Louis are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is D.", "13845": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "13856": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0F marble is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is C.", "13858": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The helium balloons, the stuffed dice, and the silk tie are not transparent.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The helium balloons and the stuffed dice are not smooth.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is soft. The answer is A.", "13868": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is D.", "13869": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is C.", "13872": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 260\u00b0F brick is hotter than the 235\u00b0F brick, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "13878": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A mandarinfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nMandarinfish often live near coral reefs. They eat small worms, snails, and fish eggs.\nA helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day! The answer is A.", "13879": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince instead is between the guide words imagine - irrigation, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "13886": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the product with feelings of adventure and independence. The answer is C.", "13887": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince buck is not between the guide words being - blind, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "13896": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each battery decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each battery decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each battery to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "13907": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether hydrogen peroxide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of hydrogen peroxide is composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that hydrogen peroxide is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and oxygen. Since hydrogen peroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, hydrogen peroxide is a compound. The answer is A.", "13911": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. The child chews her food carefully is a complete sentence. The subject is the child, and the verb is chews. The answer is A.", "13914": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All three objects are sticky.\nYellow is a color.\nThis color is yellow. The caramel corn is yellow, but the bubble gum and the tape are not.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is sticky. The answer is C.", "13932": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 115\u00b0F cup of black tea is colder than the 120\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "13945": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's. The answer is A.", "13947": "Springfield is the capital of Illinois. The answer is A.", "13949": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "13950": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a city bus is 10 tons.\n10 ounces and 10 pounds are both too light. The answer is B.", "13952": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Edgar started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Edgar and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit. The answer is B.", "13953": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "13960": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "13961": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, manages. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "13962": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "13968": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. An island culture different from our own is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is B.", "13970": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is D.", "13971": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Somerville Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Somerville's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Somerville Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Somerville's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "13972": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, slammed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is B.", "13976": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on a Bed.\" The answer is B.", "13977": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is D.", "13978": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Minnie's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for wavy fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nMinnie's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be straight fur. The answer is B.", "13985": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 30\u00b0C mug of cocoa is colder than the 65\u00b0C mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "13988": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "13993": "The four Middle Colonies are dark blue on the map:\nDuring colonial times, Delaware was usually called the Three Lower Counties on the Delaware, or the Lower Counties for short.\nNew York claimed part of the land that would later become the state of Vermont. But New Hampshire, a New England colony, also claimed this area. The answer is C.", "13995": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\nChoice \"February is wetter than March.\" is incorrect.\nWetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March.\nChoice \"October has the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nMost other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than October. The answer is C.", "13998": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAn energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy. The answer is B.", "13999": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wrath is not between the guide words weary - wiggle, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "14005": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nIt can be proved by checking a list of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a site the best to visit. The answer is A.", "14029": "Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The answer is A.", "14039": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nJohnson contrasts two parallel phrases, the natural flights of the human mind and from hope to hope. The answer is B.", "14040": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nVancouver Island is in on the west coast of Canada. Much of the island received heavy rain on November 28 last year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the amount of rain that fell on Vancouver Island on a specific day last year. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "14041": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction but.\nBabe Ruth hit 714 home runs during his baseball career but struck out 1,330 times. The answer is B.", "14048": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "14054": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the phrase lounged in. It describes the rusted old cars as if they were people who were relaxing. The answer is A.", "14060": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "14064": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Beth wants or needs:\nBeth will give up the chance to go on the screaming swing. She would have had more fun on that ride. The answer is B.", "14072": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. The answer is B.", "14073": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA harvest mouse is a mammal. Like other mammals, a harvest mouse is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a black orb weaver spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is C.", "14086": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "14087": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "14094": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, melts. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "14096": "Rob wanted broccoli in his lunch and Carrie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nRob has tomatoes. Carrie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "14098": "Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance. P is the symbol for phosphorus. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one phosphorus atom and three chlorine atoms.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols P and Cl. There is one phosphorus atom, so P will not have a subscript. There are three chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 3.\nThe correct formula is PCl5.\nThe diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above. The answer is B.", "14103": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. On that winter morning, Luna's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile. The answer is B.", "14106": "To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.\nThe map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25\u00b0C up to -20\u00b0C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20\u00b0C up to -15\u00b0C. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with temperatures between 25\u00b0C and 35\u00b0C.\n30\u00b0C is within this range.\n10\u00b0C and 14\u00b0C are outside of this range. The answer is A.", "14108": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince identify is between the guide words image - indicate, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "14112": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is A.", "14117": "Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The answer is C.", "14124": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSusan is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is D.", "14125": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is C.", "14132": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space. The answer is B.", "14136": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell. The answer is B.", "14139": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince presence is between the guide words pen - popular, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "14145": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nGiraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach.\nA manta ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nManta rays are large fish. They can weigh over 2,000 pounds. The answer is A.", "14146": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent, but the gold nugget and the velcro are not.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The gold nugget and the velcro are not fuzzy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. All three objects are shiny.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is shiny. The answer is A.", "14156": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "14162": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of gas. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of gas. The answer is B.", "14165": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black eyes or red eyes, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for red eyes, is dominant over the e allele, which is for black eyes.\nBlack eyes is the recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the recessive version of the eye color trait must have only recessive alleles for the eye color gene. So, offspring with black eyes must have the genotype ee.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee.\nRed eyes is the dominant allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the dominant version of the eye color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the eye color gene. So, offspring with red eyes must have the genotype EE or Ee.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with black eyes to offspring with red eyes is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with black eyes. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with red eyes. The answer is B.", "14167": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce. This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that air plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water. This is evidence that the tillandisa tectorum is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the komondor dog is photosynthetic. The answer is A.", "14169": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Shangri-La is literature.\nIn James Hilton's 1933 novel Lost Horizon, Shangri-La is a paradise on earth, a mystical valley located in the Himalayan mountains.\nThe allusion Shangri-La means a secluded place of peace and happiness. The answer is B.", "14172": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "14175": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "14187": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "14191": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs:\nIsabelle will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club. The answer is A.", "14192": "This country is Fiji. The answer is A.", "14203": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "14204": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. Saw, hammer, and shovel go together. They are tools. Window is not a tool, so it is not like the other words. The answer is C.", "14205": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\n\"Shooting stars\" are really bits of rock and dust burning up in Earth's atmosphere.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about astronomy.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nCamping in the woods is the best way to see shooting stars.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about the best way to see shooting stars. The answer is A.", "14206": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "14210": "The city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. New York City, Boston, and Baltimore are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is A.", "14212": "Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nSally has tomatoes. Chloe has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "14219": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is A.", "14224": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nIstanbul is on the coast of Turkey, where nighttime temperatures average between 60\u00b0F and 70\u00b0F each year during June, July, and August.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Istanbul. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "14233": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. McConnell is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "14245": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A marbled salamander's scientific name is Ambystoma opacum.\nAmbystoma opacum has the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nTaricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.\nLissotriton helveticus does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same species. The answer is C.", "14246": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. The neighbor's loud music was a blaring fire alarm.\nThe words music and fire alarm are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. The answer is B.", "14254": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nWolves often live in family groups. A wolf mother, father, and their children travel together.\nA red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHumans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. The answer is B.", "14255": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether walking a dog is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs walking a dog something you can touch? No.\nIs walking a dog a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, walking a dog is a service. The answer is A.", "14268": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. The second sentence states a fact.\nRace car driver Mario Andretti won the Daytona 500, Indy 500, and Formula One titles during his career.\nIt can be proved by reading a biography of Mario Andretti.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nMario Andretti, the only person named Driver of the Year in three different decades, is a great role model for young people interested in auto racing.\nGreat shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a great role model. The answer is A.", "14270": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "14272": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Large cocoa crops will probably mean that there is more cocoa available. So, the supply of chocolate bars is likely to go up. The answer is A.", "14275": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. A chuckle has a more positive connotation. A chuckle is a soft, gentle laugh. The answer is A.", "14279": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 26 inches.\n26 feet, 26 yards, and 26 miles are all too long. The answer is B.", "14299": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "14304": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe bare tree's branches were sharp needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared using the word as. The answer is A.", "14308": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day! The answer is B.", "14318": "Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The answer is C.", "14324": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "14327": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for bumpy fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth fruit (f) is recessive to the allele for bumpy fruit (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit. The answer is A.", "14332": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "14341": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. The trombone is shiny.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The trombone is not blue. The answer is B.", "14342": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA piranha is a fish. Like other fish, a piranha is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA dyeing dart frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a dyeing dart frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is A.", "14348": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is B.", "14349": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is C.", "14355": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether platinum is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for platinum is Pt. This formula contains one symbol: Pt. So, the formula tells you that platinum is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, platinum is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "14356": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nWinds are called offshore when they blow from land to water. The winds in southern Nicaragua blow offshore over 300 days per year. Most people prefer to surf on days when the winds are offshore.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in southern Nicaragua. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "14368": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the Alexanders' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is B.", "14369": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. The better estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 21 inches.\n21 feet is too long. The answer is A.", "14373": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is A.", "14375": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Randolph is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age. The answer is A.", "14376": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 28 seconds.\n28 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "14386": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Diana's skin color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "14387": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is C.", "14399": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "14403": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the new employees or their intake forms.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the forms.\nMr. Russo wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms. The answer is B.", "14405": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is gg. The rose plant's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for bush growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth. The answer is A.", "14406": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is D.", "14407": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A mandarinfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nMandarinfish often live near coral reefs. They eat small worms, snails, and fish eggs.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA green iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit. The answer is A.", "14417": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A roller skate is not a living thing.\nA roller skate does not have all the traits of a living thing. It can move, but it does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nA cave is not a living thing.\nA cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is not a living thing.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is a statue. Statues do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nKelp is a living thing.\nKelp grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. Kelp is made up of many cells.\nKelp is a plant. It uses water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to grow. The answer is C.", "14420": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "14421": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is C.", "14424": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy). The answer is A.", "14426": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A bobcat's scientific name is Lynx rufus. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx.\nPython molurus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python molurus and Lynx rufus are not in the same genus.\nLynx rufus and Lynx canadensis are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Lynx rufus and Lynx canadensis have the same species name within their genus, canadensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Lynx rufus is in the genus Lynx, and Lynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx.\nMacropus rufus and Lynx rufus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, or group. The first words of their scientific names are different. Macropus rufus is in the genus Macropus, and Lynx rufus is in the genus Lynx. The answer is A.", "14428": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The police department is in row B. The answer is B.", "14438": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered in water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, Everglades National Park has land that is covered in water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby. The answer is A.", "14440": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "14442": "Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Shale is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment.\nSediments are small pieces of rock, minerals, or organic matter. Sediments can be deposited in layers on the ground or in water. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock forms when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock. The answer is A.", "14444": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Sam is overweight. The answer is A.", "14456": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for rhenium contains one symbol: Re. So, rhenium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, rhenium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for bromomethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Br for bromine. So, bromomethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, bromomethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The answer is C.", "14462": "In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion.\nAs a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same.\nMembranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion.\nBefore the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 4 solute particles on the right side of the membrane.\nWhen the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the right side of the membrane than before.\nSo, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the right than to the left. The answer is B.", "14467": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "14482": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nDes Moines has cold winters and warm summers.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Des Moines. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "14484": "Springfield is the capital of Illinois. The answer is C.", "14489": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Bradypus variegatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nBradypus variegatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that brown-throated sloth is the common name. The answer is B.", "14492": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "14498": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Maggie's work is low quality because her friend Billy's work is low quality. However, the work of Billy does not necessarily reflect the quality of Maggie's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is C.", "14502": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nDeath is not proud is a direct address to death, a nonhuman entity. The answer is B.", "14504": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. Both objects are stretchy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The rubber toy is not sour.\nThe property that both objects have in common is stretchy. The answer is B.", "14505": "When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. This organism's scientific name refers to David Bowie.\nThe word davidbowie refers to David Bowie. So, this huntsman spider's scientific name is Heteropoda davidbowie. The answer is A.", "14506": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Cody is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing. The answer is B.", "14507": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a yellow ground spot or a white ground spot, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ground spot color trait. The question tells you that the g allele, which is for a white ground spot, is recessive to the G allele, which is for a yellow ground spot.\nA yellow ground spot is the dominant allele's version of the ground spot color trait. A watermelon plant with the dominant version of the ground spot color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ground spot color gene. So, offspring with a yellow ground spot must have the genotype GG or Gg.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype GG or Gg.\nA white ground spot is the recessive allele's version of the ground spot color trait. A watermelon plant with the recessive version of the ground spot color trait must have only recessive alleles for the ground spot color gene. So, offspring with a white ground spot must have the genotype gg.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype gg.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a yellow ground spot to offspring with a white ground spot is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with a yellow ground spot. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with a white ground spot. The answer is A.", "14512": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 20 millimeters.\n20 meters and 20 kilometers are both too long. The answer is C.", "14525": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince virus is between the guide words veil - vowel, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "14533": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is A.", "14537": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play the trumpet. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the trumpet is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "14539": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Look at the picture of the egg carton.\nThe egg carton is made of cardboard.\nCardboard is made from wood pulp. Cardboard is usually brown because wood pulp is brown. The answer is B.", "14541": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chip has one allele for straight fur (F) and one allele for wavy fur (f). So, Chip's genotype for the fur texture gene is Ff. The answer is A.", "14542": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne motorboat moved 245 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other motorboat moved 145 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 245 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is A.", "14545": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of an apple is 3 pounds.\n3 ounces is too light and 3 tons is too heavy. The answer is C.", "14546": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the ptarmigan.\nDuring the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe echidna has fur covering its body, but it is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is B.", "14547": "The colony is New Jersey. The answer is A.", "14553": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nDestiny might go to the science museum with Bob, or she might go alone. The answer is B.", "14555": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Burnett is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "14556": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Kinsley doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kinsley doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "14563": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The dress and the slide are not rough.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are soft.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is smooth. The answer is B.", "14572": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "14578": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed. Look at the distance each gray whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne gray whale moved 40 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other gray whale moved 35 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each gray whale spent the same amount of time moving. The gray whale that moved 40 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that gray whale must have moved at a higher speed. The answer is B.", "14580": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 29 yards.\n29 inches and 29 feet are too short. 29 miles is too long. The answer is B.", "14588": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great blue heron's scientific name is Ardea herodias. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nPelecanus crispus is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus crispus and Ardea herodias are not in the same genus.\nArdea purpurea is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are in the same genus.\nStrix varia is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix varia and Ardea herodias are not in the same genus. The answer is C.", "14593": "Look at the table and images.\nRosa wants broccoli. Isabella wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "14598": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "14602": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is C.", "14605": "Look at the passage. It tells you one reason people can't go to Mars.\nPeople can't make it to Mars yet. It takes too long to get there, and it's not an easy place to live. So, scientists sent a robot to look around Mars for them. The robot is named Curiosity. One of its jobs is to find out if anything can live on Mars. The answer is A.", "14607": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether sodium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium bromide, NaBr, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that sodium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium bromide is a compound. The answer is A.", "14610": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Hex Marks the Spot**. The answer is B.", "14620": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "14626": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "14627": "Concrete is a strong material that is used to make steps, walkways, and buildings. Concrete is made of water, cement, and gravel.\nFirst, the water and cement combine to make a thick, gloppy mixture. Then, the gravel is added to the mixture. The answer is A.", "14637": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is A.", "14639": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Japanese honeysuckle's scientific name is Lonicera japonica. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera.\nUlex europaeus is in the genus Ulex. The first word of its scientific name is Ulex. So, Ulex europaeus and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.\nLonicera maackii is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera maackii and Lonicera japonica are in the same genus.\nHyacinthus orientalis is in the genus Hyacinthus. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus. So, Hyacinthus orientalis and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus. The answer is B.", "14644": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The people apply a force to the back of the car. This force moves the car forward. The direction of this force is away from the people. This force is a push. The answer is A.", "14648": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the brown bear.\nThe brown bear has furry feet with large pads. Its feet are adapted to walk on snow and ice. The fur can help keep the brown bear's feet warm. The large pads help spread its weight over a larger area. This allows it to walk on ice without slipping and to walk on snow without sinking in too deep.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Eurasian lynx has furry feet with large pads. Its feet are adapted to walk on snow and ice.\nThe Suriname toad has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted to walk on snow and ice. The Suriname toad uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves. The answer is A.", "14651": "The answer is B.", "14664": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rick lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Rick lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "14666": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 48\u00b0C.\n48\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is A.", "14675": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe car engine was a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and lion's roar are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe car engine sounded like a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and lion's roar are compared using the word like. The answer is A.", "14680": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nChocolate is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, chocolate is not a mineral.\nBaryte is a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, baryte is a mineral.\nNative copper is a mineral. The answer is C.", "14692": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jane or Zoe.\nWhen Jane ran into Zoe at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nJane smiled and said hello when she ran into Zoe at the post office. The answer is B.", "14694": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "14699": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids is not a run-on sentence. It is a complete sentence because it has a subject and a verb. The answer is B.", "14705": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology. The answer is A.", "14706": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the breed standard.\nWhen Roxanne researched Dachshunds, the breed standard said that they can be short-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired. The answer is A.", "14707": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nI pretend to be a knight, and Mary pretends to be an astronaut. The answer is A.", "14708": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the common swift.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The common swift uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe European robin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe Australian pelican has a large pouch-like beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The Australian pelican uses its beak to catch fish. The answer is B.", "14719": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. An elongated tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA green sea turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA manta ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The answer is D.", "14722": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that the four largest planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, of the four largest planets, two are made mainly of gas. The answer is A.", "14734": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first text message is more formal. It uses more elevated language (apologies, meetings). The other text message uses contractions (Oops, sorry) and sounds more conversational. The answer is A.", "14735": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken. The answer is B.", "14739": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely. The answer is A.", "14743": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is A.", "14746": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ace's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nAce's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat. The answer is A.", "14749": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British. The answer is B.", "14755": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "14759": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the three-toed sloth.\nThe three-toed sloth has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees. The three-toed sloth uses its limbs to reach branches and pull itself up.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater. The answer is B.", "14764": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "14766": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "14767": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. The cardboard box gets wet it falls apart is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is B.", "14779": "This country is Fiji. The answer is C.", "14785": "Look at the table and images.\nSandeep wants broccoli. Tracy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "14787": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nZebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark.\nA green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nEels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish!\nA horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA koala is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKoalas sleep for up to 20 hours a day! The answer is C.", "14789": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Riley wants or needs:\nRiley will give up the chance to look at the pine tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the roses. The answer is B.", "14800": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the leaf insect.\nThe leaf insect has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe emerald tree boa has bright green scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\nThe fox snake has black and tan bands running along its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The answer is B.", "14803": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Ava's observable version of the leg color trait is yellow legs. So, Ava's phenotype for the leg color trait is yellow legs. The answer is B.", "14808": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Troy must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Troy is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "14809": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Mona has actually been told this a million times. The answer is A.", "14811": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A cocoi heron's scientific name is Ardea cocoi.\nArdea goliath does not have the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, Ardea cocoi and Ardea goliath are not in the same species.\nTaricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, Ardea cocoi and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.\nArdea cocoi has the same scientific name as a cocoi heron. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is C.", "14814": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "14816": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "14818": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings. The answer is B.", "14824": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "14826": "This country is Grenada. The answer is D.", "14831": "Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The answer is A.", "14840": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the star-nosed mole.\nThe star-nosed mole has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The star-nosed mole uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves. The answer is A.", "14841": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince castle is between the guide words class - curl, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "14846": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Arnold). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments. The answer is A.", "14857": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "14861": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is B.", "14862": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Cara's Internet connection. The answer is B.", "14865": "All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element. Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrazine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nIn this model, each ball is labeled with N for nitrogen or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that hydrazine is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrazine is a compound. The answer is B.", "14874": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 320 milliliters.\n320 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "14881": "Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4 The answer is B.", "14887": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a basketball is 20 ounces.\n20 pounds and 20 tons are both too heavy. The answer is B.", "14888": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Australia or Asia. The answer is A.", "14889": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Hunter is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "14893": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince towel is between the guide words teeth - trousers, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "14896": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A ruler is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nYou can use a ruler to measure the length of a piece of paper. The ruler has a size and shape of its own. The answer is C.", "14897": "This country is Nauru. The answer is D.", "14898": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A green frog is an amphibian.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator has the traits of a reptile. A Chinese alligator is a reptile. The answer is B.", "14904": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. The answer is A.", "14913": "The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nOne type of convergent boundary is a continent-continent collision. This type of boundary forms when two plates with continental crust move toward each other. The collision compresses and folds the continental crust, forcing it upward to form a mountain range. To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Western Alps, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nMillions of years ago, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate began to move toward each other, eventually colliding. This plate motion formed many mountain ranges, including the Western Alps. The Western Alps run through European countries, including France, Italy, and Switzerland.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Western Alps formed as the two plates collided, or ran into each other. For two plates to collide, they must be moving toward each other. So, the Western Alps formed at a convergent boundary. The answer is B.", "14919": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65\u00b0F glass of apple juice is hotter than the 40\u00b0F glass of apple juice, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "14927": "Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The answer is B.", "14937": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the white-tailed eagle.\nThe white-tailed eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the white-tailed eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe brahminy kite has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey.\nThe dromedary camel has large pads on the bottoms of its feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The dromedary camel uses its feet to walk on sand. The answer is A.", "14941": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nSediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "14946": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Rodrigo was upset about staying home. Rodrigo was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park. The answer is A.", "14951": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Zoe is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "14957": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber band would stretch more. If you pull on a rubber band, it will get longer. The answer is A.", "14958": "The colony is Connecticut. The answer is B.", "14961": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "14971": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west. The answer is D.", "14976": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince old is between the guide words object - orchard, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "14985": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "14989": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of the Golden Gate Bridge is 2,750 meters.\n2,750 millimeters, 2,750 centimeters, and 2,750 kilometers are all too long. The answer is A.", "14992": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Dogs on Duty**. The answer is A.", "15002": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether fixing a sink is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a sink something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a sink a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a sink is a service. The answer is B.", "15003": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "15024": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Arctic Ocean. The answer is C.", "15025": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Senator Logan hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Logan wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is A.", "15027": "Ernesto wanted broccoli in his lunch and Lucia was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nErnesto has tomatoes. Lucia has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is B.", "15044": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is C.", "15050": "Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature ferns use asexual reproduction to make spores. When the spore cases open, the spores are released.\nWhen a spore lands on the ground and germinates, it grows into a small heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns live in damp environments, and sperm can swim though small water drops. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm swims to an egg on the same heart-shaped plant. Cross-fertilization happens when the sperm swims to an egg on a nearby plant.\nFertilization happens when a sperm and an egg fuse. The fertilized egg germinates and grows into a mature fern.\nThe mature fern can make spores and begin the fern life cycle again. A heart-shaped plant can produce spores, but a mature fern cannot. Heart-shaped plants do not have spore cases. The answer is B.", "15066": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, signed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is C.", "15068": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers.\nThe sea otter has an arrow pointing to it from the sea urchin. The sea urchin is not a producer. So, the sea otter is not a primary consumer.\nThe sea urchin has an arrow pointing to it from the kelp. The kelp is a producer, so the sea urchin is a primary consumer.\nThe phytoplankton does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the phytoplankton is not a primary consumer.\nThe plainfin midshipman has an arrow pointing to it from the zooplankton. The zooplankton is a producer, so the plainfin midshipman is a primary consumer.\nThe kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is not a primary consumer. The answer is C.", "15070": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the pea color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait must be yellow peas. The answer is A.", "15073": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nMadagascar's elephant bird laid eggs the size of American footballs.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about the elephant bird.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nSettlers in Madagascar should have done more to protect the elephant bird, which became extinct in the 1600 s.\nShould have done more shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what settlers should have done. The answer is B.", "15076": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "15080": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is A.", "15082": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chaos is between the guide words calves - cow, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "15086": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "15088": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cara wants or needs:\nCara will give up the chance to eat the strawberry cheesecake ice cream. She likes this flavor more than sweet cream. The answer is B.", "15094": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "15095": "The Eighth Amendment says that the government can never use cruel and unusual punishments. In the past, the United States used punishments such as burning at the stake and drawing and quartering. These punishments were cruel and unusual. The Fourteenth Amendment also says that state governments can never use cruel and unusual punishments. Some punishments that are cruel or unusual are outlawed, but some states still use them. For example, in the past, states have used punishments such as electrocution and lethal injection. Today, the United States does not use punishments such as burning at the stake or drawing and quartering. However, some people think that the government uses other types of cruel and unusual punishments. These people believe that the government should not be allowed to use punishments that are too hard or that are not needed. The answer is B.", "15105": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A gold bracelet is a solid. You can wrap a gold bracelet around your wrist. But the bracelet will still have a size and shape of its own.\nChalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is A.", "15111": "This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences. The answer is B.", "15115": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas. A handsaw is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nThe handle of a handsaw is made of wood. The part of the saw that cuts the wood is made of metal. Both wood and metal are solids. The answer is B.", "15122": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Prince and the Surfer**. The answer is B.", "15125": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is B.", "15146": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids, it contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla. The answer is A.", "15158": "Look at the table and images.\nNolan wants broccoli. Dalton wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "15161": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is B.", "15171": "This country is Saint Lucia. The answer is C.", "15175": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the sea cucumber.\nThe only arrow pointing from the bat star leads to the kelp bass. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No matter moves between these organisms.\nThe only arrow pointing from the phytoplankton leads to the kelp bass. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the zooplankton. The only arrow pointing from the zooplankton leads to the phytoplankton. No matter moves between the phytoplankton and the sea cucumber.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the sea cucumber: kelp->sea urchin->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the sea urchin to the sea cucumber: sea urchin->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the zooplankton to the sea cucumber: zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the plainfin midshipman to the sea cucumber: plainfin midshipman->sea cucumber. The answer is C.", "15187": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is A.", "15189": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Jonah can never be a lifeguard because he drives a old car. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Jonah's ability to be a lifeguard. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "15190": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Samantha is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "15205": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. Neither of the objects are scratchy.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. Both objects are bendable.\nThe property that both objects have in common is bendable. The answer is B.", "15206": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 75. So, the temperature is 75\u00b0F. The answer is C.", "15216": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "15221": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The second sentence states a fact.\nThere are four faces on Mount Rushmore.\nIt can be proved by looking at Mount Rushmore.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nMount Rushmore is too difficult to travel to.\nToo difficult shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how difficult it is to travel to Mount Rushmore. The answer is B.", "15224": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is B.", "15229": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the white-breasted cormorant.\nThe white-breasted cormorant has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the white-breasted cormorant uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European river otter has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves. The answer is B.", "15230": "The cell wall is the outermost layer in a plant cell.\nThis statement is false. A plant cell has a cell wall, but it is not the outermost layer. The cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nA plant cell has a cell wall, but it is not the outermost layer. The answer is A.", "15235": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bendable object can be bent without breaking. The belt is bendable.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The belt is not bouncy. The answer is B.", "15241": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "15245": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is C.", "15253": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for phosphine contains one symbol: P for phosphorus. So, phosphine is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, phosphine is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for calcium contains one symbol: Ca. So, calcium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, calcium is an elementary substance. The answer is C.", "15256": "Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. Consumers cannot make their own food. In this food chain, the persimmon is a producer because it makes its own food. The persimmon uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make its own food. The answer is B.", "15259": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is A.", "15260": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that a food with no additives must be nutritious. However, a food with no additives doesn't necessarily have no preservatives or other unhealthy substances. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature. The answer is A.", "15267": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nMore people visited Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2014 than visited Yosemite and Yellowstone combined.\nIt can be proved by checking the number of people who visited each park in 2014.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nGreat Smoky Mountains National Park is fantastic because it has 150 official hiking trails.\nFantastic shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how many hiking trails make a park fantastic. The answer is A.", "15272": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "15273": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is A.", "15274": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh. The answer is B.", "15277": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "15279": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is A.", "15280": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSea eagles use their sharp beaks to eat fish and other birds. The answer is B.", "15282": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 80\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "15288": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "15289": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "15290": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nLoons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.\nA Tasmanian devil is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nTasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials. They live on the island of Tasmania, near Australia.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years. The answer is D.", "15298": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sacrifice is between the guide words scan - swung, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "15303": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "15305": "Look at the table and images.\nClare wants broccoli. Adele wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is A.", "15306": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "15327": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. Cellular respiration is a chemical change. Cells use oxygen to break down sugar. When sugar is broken down, it forms carbon dioxide and water. The answer is B.", "15335": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 30 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 25 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 30 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller. The answer is B.", "15359": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "15374": "Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The answer is D.", "15382": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nIce melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "15383": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the parakeet auklet.\nThe parakeet auklet has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the parakeet auklet uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe water rail has very long toes. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe European beaver has small claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The European beaver uses its feet to walk and dig tunnels. The answer is A.", "15385": "Denver is the capital of Colorado. The answer is C.", "15403": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince credit is between the guide words cove - cylinder, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "15406": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,250 kilometers.\n2,250 centimeters and 2,250 meters are both too short. The answer is C.", "15407": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doctor is between the guide words dessert - dust, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "15415": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "15422": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is D.", "15429": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is D.", "15441": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is C.", "15444": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.\nThe vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe red-shanked douc has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe lama has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The lama uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is B.", "15445": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "15446": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The population of Fairview fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Fairview has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too. The answer is A.", "15450": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Will sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is C.", "15457": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles. The answer is A.", "15458": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is B.", "15461": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. Chang's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the scooter.\nWhen Emma parked her scooter next to Mr. Chang's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire. The answer is B.", "15463": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is C.", "15475": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals. The answer is A.", "15478": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 25 centimeters.\n25 kilometers is too long. The answer is A.", "15486": "This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve. The answer is A.", "15487": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nCoffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nWet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is C.", "15488": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is A.", "15494": "Animal cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in animal cells:\nMitochondria help the cell get the energy it needs. Mitochondria break down sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nAnimal cells also have organelles for storage and waste removal. The vacuoles store sugar and other nutrients. The lysosomes break down worn-out cell parts and other waste. Animal cells usually have several vacuoles and lysosomes.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell membrane is a thin layer that surrounds and protects the cell. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts. The answer is B.", "15497": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Stuart's genotype for the whisker type gene is hh. Stuart's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for curved whiskers. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Stuart's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nStuart's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers. The answer is A.", "15506": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Mabel is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "15512": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the body hair trait is a hairy body. So, Remy's phenotype for the body hair trait is a hairy body. The answer is B.", "15516": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Salt Point State Park have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "15524": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is D.", "15525": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nAngry suggests that the sea was fierce. The answer is A.", "15528": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the painted turtle.\nThe painted turtle has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hard shell makes it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the painted turtle.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe nautilus has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.\nThe eastern rat snake has soft scales covering its skin. Its body is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth. The answer is B.", "15530": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Stone Forest in southern China is a cluster of ancient limestone pillars.\nIt can be proved by visiting the Stone Forest in southern China and looking at the pillars.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nOnly a fool would travel all the way to China to see rocks.\nFool shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a person a fool. The answer is B.", "15534": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nEastern Colorado is part of the Great Plains. On October 19, 1988, a thunderstorm near the town of La Junta produced winds of 63 miles per hour.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed in Eastern Colorado on October 19, 1988. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "15541": "This country is Samoa. The answer is D.", "15546": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nYou will attract more customers if you extend the sale through the weekend. The answer is A.", "15552": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products. Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to nitrous oxide in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that when ammonium nitrate breaks down, it forms nitrous oxide gas. Because nitrous oxide is produced by this chemical reaction, nitrous oxide is a product. The answer is B.", "15556": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 91\u00b0F crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "15560": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Santiago is a remarkable cellist because he plays the cello well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is B.", "15562": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Brian or his brother.\nBrian had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBrian's brother wasn't feeling well, so Brian had to stay home with him. The answer is A.", "15569": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nDhaka is the capital of Bangladesh, a country in southern Asia. The city is humid most days of the year.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Dhaka. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "15573": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Jayla hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nJayla made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "15575": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work. The answer is B.", "15576": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "15585": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Life of Pi. The answer is A.", "15591": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and organisms that can survive in water or mud. So, Scarborough Marsh has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby. The answer is A.", "15594": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nIf I told anything pretty personal about them. is an exaggeration, since the speaker would not actually die if he revealed something personal about his parents. The answer is B.", "15595": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information. The answer is B.", "15596": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the flamingo.\nLong legs help the flamingo keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe great egret has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe African fish eagle has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African fish eagle uses its legs to walk and perch. The answer is B.", "15601": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 8 pounds.\n8 ounces is too light and 8 tons is too heavy. The answer is B.", "15602": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. The air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nA hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space. The answer is A.", "15606": "Look at the text in bold below. It tells you why adult cats meow.\nWhile kittens meow to their mothers, they stop once they are old enough to take care of themselves. At that point, cats use smell, touch, and body language to talk to each other. So if adult cats aren't making noise for each other, why do cats meow? Cats meow to talk with their humans! The answer is C.", "15614": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (start charging, higher checking account fees).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "15623": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Daphnia pulex is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells. The answer is A.", "15627": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The bubble gum is stretchy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The bubble gum is not blue. The answer is B.", "15630": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth increased as he rode the escalator. The answer is A.", "15632": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the jacket.\nThe jacket is made of two materials. The zipper is made of metal. The rest of the jacket is made of fabric. The answer is A.", "15636": "The answer is B.", "15637": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Pennsylvania is farthest north. The answer is D.", "15642": "This country is Solomon Islands. The answer is A.", "15645": "This country is Solomon Islands. The answer is B.", "15646": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "15651": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **With an Open Heart**. The answer is B.", "15652": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "15658": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nI followed Vicky's recipe, but my chicken pot pie tasted nothing like hers. The answer is A.", "15662": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The fire department is in column 4. The answer is D.", "15665": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nMy uncle just moved to Italy, so he will need to learn Italian. The answer is A.", "15668": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas), after one of Doris's colleagues was mugged, the Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas), after one of Doris's colleagues was mugged. The Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense. The answer is A.", "15670": "The answer is A.", "15675": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "15684": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is D.", "15696": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is D.", "15701": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is C.", "15702": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWith Herculean effort repeats the h sound. The answer is A.", "15705": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "15706": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A T-shirt is a solid. You can fold a T-shirt. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. The answer is C.", "15710": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Casper's genotype for the Tobiano patterning gene is BB. Casper's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Tobiano patterning. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Casper's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Tobiano patterning (B) is dominant over the allele for not having Tobiano patterning (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nCasper's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning. The answer is B.", "15712": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The second sentence states a fact.\nIn hot-air balloons, passengers ride in baskets.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about hot-air balloons.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nRiding in a hot-air balloon is more exciting than flying in a plane.\nMore exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is exciting. The answer is B.", "15718": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Devon is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "15725": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy. The two cookies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder cookie has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "15737": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Clarence tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Clarence's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "15740": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince source is between the guide words shack - spade, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "15749": "This country is Fiji. The answer is B.", "15763": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is B.", "15765": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The answer is C.", "15767": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each bottle increased, which means that the thermal energy of each bottle increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each bottle. The answer is A.", "15772": "Look at the table and images.\nShivani wants broccoli. Austin wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "15787": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "15790": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism gently loved means the items were not new. Gently loved is a nicer way of referring to used items. The answer is B.", "15791": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the European nightjar.\nA short, thin beak is light and easy to move. The European nightjar uses its beak to grab fast-moving insects while flying.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe sand martin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to catch insects.\nThe hanging parrot has a small hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch insects. The hanging parrot uses its beak to eat fruit and seeds. The answer is B.", "15794": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "15799": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "15807": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nLoose matter such as sand is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "15810": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether iodine is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the ball-and-stick model shown above, both of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that dark purple represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol I. So, the model shows you that a molecule of iodine is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that iodine is composed of only one chemical element. So, iodine is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "15813": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is D.", "15815": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is B.", "15821": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Mayor Stanley wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Stanley's argument. Mayor Stanley only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is B.", "15826": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nFair river! is a direct address to the river, a nonhuman entity. The answer is A.", "15829": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words far and star rhyme. They both end with the ar sound.\nThe word her does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is B.", "15831": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles. The answer is B.", "15835": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "15841": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. The answer is A.", "15850": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is B.", "15853": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jasper slept poorly. Jasper was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem. The answer is B.", "15857": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "15858": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is D.", "15866": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The slippers are not hard.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The slippers are blue. The answer is A.", "15867": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows information about different kinds of marsupials.\nKangaroos sleep during the day.\nKangaroos eat grass.\nThe second statement is true. The first statement is false. The answer is A.", "15872": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nThe right hemisphere of the human brain typically controls muscle movement on the left side of the body. The answer is C.", "15874": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nYarn is made by knitting strands of material together. The yarn is made of the same type of matter as the strands.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But knitting yarn is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "15885": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. The blueberry is blue, but the rubber ball and the spring are not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy. The answer is A.", "15891": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs soft as concrete shows verbal irony because concrete is not soft. The answer is B.", "15900": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But breaking a ceramic plate is not. The answer is C.", "15902": "Columbia is the capital of South Carolina. The answer is C.", "15908": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.\nIn a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, \"In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,\" meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.\nThe allusion fifteen minutes means a temporary moment of celebrity status. The answer is B.", "15913": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nPlastic is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, plastic is not a rock.\nScoria is a rock.\nTrachyte is a rock. The answer is C.", "15917": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to an object's kinetic energy?\nThere are many types of energy. One type is kinetic energy, which is the energy an object has when it is moving.\nThink about objects moving for different reasons.\nA change in an object's kinetic energy can show that the object's speed has changed. An object that is slowing down will have less kinetic energy. An object that is speeding up will have more kinetic energy. Look for evidence that shows whether Ellen's speed changed.\nEvidence of a change in speed shows that Ellen's kinetic energy changed. When Ellen started pedaling her bike, she began moving along the street. This shows that Ellen's speed changed. Her speed increased as she started moving forward. This means that her kinetic energy increased. The answer is A.", "15923": "This state is Nebraska. The answer is A.", "15930": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince load is between the guide words lent - livestock, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "15932": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, stirred. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is B.", "15934": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"October has the highest average precipitation.\" is incorrect.\nMost other months have a slightly higher average precipitation than October.\nChoice \"Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta.\" is incorrect.\nThe average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year. The answer is C.", "15938": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "15943": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince affair is between the guide words academy - apparent, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "15950": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSally is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years. The answer is D.", "15956": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "15958": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rita started sledding. As Rita rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rita rode down the hill. The answer is A.", "15960": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is C.", "15967": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 115 milliliters.\n115 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "15971": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "15976": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Matthew sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is B.", "15978": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 385\u00b0F brick is colder than the 390\u00b0F brick, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "15981": "Springfield is the capital of Illinois. The answer is B.", "15983": "Look at the map.\nThe New England Colonies are the colonies that are marked with the number 1. They include these colonies:\nThe rest of the Thirteen Colonies are part of the Middle Colonies or the Southern Colonies. The answer is A.", "15984": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the plastic bucket is smoother. If you touch a plastic bucket, it will not feel rough or bumpy. The answer is A.", "16002": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "16004": "The answer is B.", "16010": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "16011": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe insect fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil. The answer is B.", "16012": "This country is Jamaica. The answer is A.", "16015": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hole is between the guide words hello - hire, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "16016": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nAbout half of the days each year are partly cloudy in Honolulu, Hawaii.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds in Honolulu. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "16025": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cricket is an insect. Like other insects, a cricket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA cockatoo is a bird. Like other birds, a cockatoo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is C.", "16026": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Arizona is farthest west. The answer is D.", "16027": "Look at the definitions.\nPutting the definitions together, an independent city-state is a self-ruling city with its own government. So, a city-state rules itself and is not part of a larger country.\nThe ancient Greeks called a city-state a polis, which was the ancient Greek word for city. Today, the root word \"polis\" is in the name of many cities, such as Minneapolis in Minnesota or Annapolis in Maryland. The answer is B.", "16035": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. An arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nAn arrowhead is made of rock. The answer is A.", "16042": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is D.", "16045": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "16046": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "16048": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "16049": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The boy applies a force to the cart to move it forward. The direction of this force is away from the boy. This force is a push. The answer is B.", "16050": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "16057": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person. The answer is A.", "16063": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "16067": "Look at the table and images.\nKrysta wants broccoli. Malik wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "16069": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (gets, a lot).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "16106": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the Gobi Desert has long, cold winters. It also has a small amount of rain or snow. The answer is A.", "16113": "Look at the map of the Mongol Empire.\nThe Mongol Empire controlled a vast area of land. The map shows that the Mongol Empire ruled over most of Asia and parts of Europe.\nThe answer is A.", "16115": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is C.", "16118": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is C.", "16119": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "16122": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince soil is between the guide words silver - strait, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "16126": "These are two ways in which fruit bats are different from most other animals:\nThey can communicate about specific problems.\nThe text tells you that Egyptian fruit bats have a very complex way of talking to one another. In fact, they are one of the few species that will direct calls to another individual. Most animals make calls to their entire group.\nThey can understand some human speech.\nSome species of bats can understand some human speech. For example, they may be able to identify the location of a food source when a person speaks to them. However, the text does not support this claim. It does not mention fruit bats being able to understand human speech. The answer is B.", "16127": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is D.", "16139": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Fowler is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat. The answer is A.", "16141": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is D.", "16145": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east. The answer is A.", "16147": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "16156": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction when.\nDeion was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner. The answer is A.", "16162": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The towel is soft.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The towel is not bouncy. The answer is A.", "16169": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great gray owl's scientific name is Strix nebulosa. The first word of its scientific name is Strix.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus.\nStrix aluco is in the genus Strix. The first word of its scientific name is Strix. So, Strix aluco and Strix nebulosa are in the same genus.\nCyanocitta stelleri is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Strix nebulosa are not in the same genus. The answer is B.", "16180": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "16182": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait. First, consider the alleles in Zuri's genotype for the coat pattern gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a spotted coat (A) is dominant over the allele for a black coat (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZuri's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat. The answer is A.", "16183": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the ginkgo leaf fossil. The answer is A.", "16186": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three oranges have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 68\u00b0F orange is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is C.", "16193": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a small beach bucket is 5 gallons.\n5 fluid ounces and 5 cups are both too little. The answer is C.", "16196": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the golden dart frog.\nThe golden dart frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the golden dart frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lichen katydid has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe sharpnose-puffer has a poisonous body with gray and brown skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is A.", "16199": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is C.", "16203": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words fine and pail rhyme. They both end with the ail sound.\nThe word nine does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "16209": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction. The sailboat is speeding up. So, the sailboat is accelerating. The answer is A.", "16213": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "16219": "Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nThe food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain:\nA primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain.\nA secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain.\nA tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain.\nA top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer! In this food chain, the katydid is a primary consumer because it eats a producer. The producer in this food chain is the grass. The answer is C.", "16221": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "16223": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is A.", "16235": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town. The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor Amanda felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Amanda had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Amanda's feelings. The answer is B.", "16240": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals:\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show that the writer or speaker is trustworthy or is an authority on a subject. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\nnote that a brand is recommended by a respected organization or celebrity\ninclude a quote from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and specific evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\nmention the results of scientific studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to logos, or reason. It mentions the results of studies and focuses on the nutritional value of the smart snack. The answer is B.", "16242": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Plagioclase has all the properties of a mineral. So, plagioclase is a mineral. The answer is B.", "16243": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. An avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of avocado trees can be up to 18 inches long!\nA cobra is an animal. It eats small animals.\nCobras have fangs which they use to bite their prey. The answer is B.", "16245": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "16246": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Skip's phenotype for the horns trait. First, consider the alleles in Skip's genotype for the horns gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nSkip's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Skip's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns. The answer is A.", "16252": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Jaden can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jaden can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "16253": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy. The answer is B.", "16276": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "16279": "Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "16293": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is A.", "16297": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The Nile tilapia fish's genotype for the body color gene is bb. The Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a pink body. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the Nile tilapia fish's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a pink body (b) is recessive to the allele for a greenish-brown body (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nThe Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body. The answer is B.", "16301": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Daffodil's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Daffodil's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Daffodil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nDaffodil's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns. The answer is B.", "16304": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Eclogite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, eclogite is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "16315": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (come, other events).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "16319": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nIt was snowing in London on January 1, 1969.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation in London on January 1, 1969. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "16325": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea color trait is green peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea color trait is green peas. The answer is A.", "16326": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over. The answer is B.", "16327": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Lucy Morton won the mayoral election in Allenville,\" Josh remarked to his sister. The answer is B.", "16338": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber balloons would stretch the most. If you pull on a rubber balloon, it will get longer. The answer is B.", "16339": "Evidence is information that tells you something happened.\nHow do you look for evidence of a change to an object's kinetic energy?\nFirst, think about what was done to the object.\nThen, think about how the object's kinetic energy changed as a result.\nThe answer is A.", "16340": "Rick wanted broccoli in his lunch and Felix was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nRick has tomatoes. Felix has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is A.", "16347": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Blaze's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Blaze's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blaze's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nBlaze's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns. The answer is B.", "16348": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 35\u00b0F.\n35\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "16356": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "16366": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the Eurasian spoonbill.\nLong legs help the Eurasian spoonbill keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe shoebill has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe satin bowerbird has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The satin bowerbird uses its legs to walk and perch. The answer is A.", "16372": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A gray wolf is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. The answer is A.", "16374": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal. The answer is B.", "16379": "This country is the Dominican Republic.\nWhy does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country?\nThe Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic.\nThough many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences. The answer is A.", "16380": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the door.\nThe door is made of two different materials. The answer is B.", "16384": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nNick shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nNick shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "16387": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "16395": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Dalton either voted for Sofia or he hates her. However, Dalton could have voted for someone he considers a better candidate while still liking Sofia. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "16396": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\" This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nCaterpillar in a hurry,\nTake your walk To the shady leaf, or stalk,\nOr what not,\nWhich may be the chosen spot. The answer is A.", "16402": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince strife is not between the guide words sold - swell, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "16410": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is C.", "16419": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "16421": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of the Amazon River is 4,000 miles.\n4,000 inches, 4,000 feet, and 4,000 yards are all too short. The answer is C.", "16422": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove is 10 minutes.\n10 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "16424": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "16432": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It has a soft body.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA greater flamingo is a bird. Like other birds, a greater flamingo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is C.", "16434": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "16436": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the hat.\nThe hat is made of two materials. The band around the hat is made of leather. The rest of the hat is made of wool.\nWool comes from the fluffy coats of sheep! First, a farmer cuts the sheep's coats. Then, the wool is spun into yarn. The yarn can be dyed and used to make clothes. The answer is A.", "16437": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nThe Gullah Geechee Heritage Corridor, which stretches from the Cape Fear River in North Carolina to the St. John's River in Florida, was established by Congress to recognize and preserve the cultural and historical contributions of the descendants of the West African slaves brought to the United States around the 1700 s. The answer is A.", "16440": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Saturnalia is Roman history.\nThe Saturnalia was a festival in ancient Rome, held in December. It was a time of feasting, gift-giving, and revelry.\nThe allusion Saturnalia means a time of unrestrained revelry. The answer is B.", "16444": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nJuly has an average monthly precipitation of about 80 millimeters. All other months have a higher average precipitation. So, July has the lowest average precipitation. The answer is B.", "16446": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "16456": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "16459": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is A.", "16469": "Look at the underlined parts of the table.\nAll the words that use the root \"ante\" mean to come before something else. So, the root ante means \"before.\"\nAll the words that use the root \"bellum\" mean to fight or cause war.So, the root bellum means \"war.\"\nSo, the word \"antebellum\" means \"before the war.\" The antebellum period is named for the war that followed it: the Civil War. The answer is B.", "16470": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nCaprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. So, Caprimulgus europaeus and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nTyto alba and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tyto alba and Ardea alba have the same species name within their genus, alba. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tyto alba is in the genus Tyto, and Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea.\nThis organism and the great egret are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea alba. The answer is C.", "16471": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 45 milliliters.\n45 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "16476": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 285 milliliters.\n285 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "16477": "The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:\nAt a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.\nAt a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.\nAt a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.\ndivergent plate boundary\nWhen plates at a divergent boundary move apart, cracks form in the crust along the boundary. Melted rock rises from below the crust to fill these cracks. As the melted rock cools and hardens, it becomes new oceanic crust.\nNewer oceanic crust weighs less than older oceanic crust. So, the crust on either side of the boundary rises up higher than the older crust that is farther from the boundary. This difference in elevation creates a mid-ocean ridge, or underwater mountain chain. Between the two plates, there may be a deep rift valley. To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Thingvellir Rift Valley, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.\nIn Iceland, parts of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are above sea level. The Thingvellir Rift Valley is one example. This rift valley began to form as the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate moved away from each other. In this picture, you can see the gap that formed during a major plate movement along the rift. Gaps such as this form when the two plates move apart, creating a large crack in the crust. The last time this happened in the Thingvellir Rift Valley was in the spring of 1789. Since then, a walking path was built along the rift valley to allow park visitors to walk along the rift.\nThe underlined part of the passage explains that the Thingvellir Rift Valley formed as the two plates moved away from each other, or diverged. So, the Thingvellir Rift Valley formed at a divergent boundary. The answer is A.", "16485": "The answer is A.", "16493": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night. The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Nora's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked. The answer is A.", "16496": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince frame is between the guide words feast - foreign, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "16499": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words reach and twin rhyme. They both end with the in sound.\nThe word beach does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "16501": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A continuum scale compares things by ordering them along a line. This continuum scale compares the average weights of the eggs of several birds.\nBirds with lighter eggs are shown to the left. Birds with heavier eggs are shown to the right. The answer is A.", "16505": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic fox.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the sand.\nThe short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is B.", "16506": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "16510": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The sandpaper is flexible, but the potato sack and the feather are not.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The sandpaper is scratchy, but the potato sack and the feather are not.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard. The answer is B.", "16522": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Rhizophora mangle is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is A.", "16528": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is a run-on sentence. It is formed from two sentences run together, joined without punctuation.\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens; the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants. The answer is B.", "16534": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dylan needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn. The answer is A.", "16535": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "16536": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures. To describe the average temperature trends in Dubai, look at the graph.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nThe average temperatures in May, June, July, August, and September are all 30\u00b0C or higher. So, May through September have average temperatures of 30\u00b0C or higher. The answer is B.", "16542": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Christmas tree worm is a worm. Like other worms, a Christmas tree worm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nLike other jellyfishes, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA bald eagle is a bird. Like other birds, a bald eagle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is D.", "16544": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 15 millimeters.\n15 centimeters, 15 meters, and 15 kilometers are all too long. The answer is A.", "16546": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "16557": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is C.", "16566": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 4 pounds.\n4 ounces is too light and 4 tons is too heavy. The answer is B.", "16574": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait. First, consider the alleles in Captain's genotype for the cheek color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nCaptain's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait must be bright orange cheeks. The answer is A.", "16578": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 65 fluid ounces.\n65 cups and 65 gallons are both too much. The answer is B.", "16580": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Shane wants or needs:\nShane will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than he would have spent on the Ferris wheel. The answer is A.", "16581": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 460 grams.\n460 kilograms is too heavy. The answer is A.", "16585": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The answer is D.", "16586": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. The population of Milford fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Milford has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too. The answer is B.", "16592": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is A.", "16593": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is B.", "16595": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe insect fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the fern fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely older than the fern fossil. The answer is B.", "16599": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "16601": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the chimpanzee.\nThe chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees.\nThe California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater. The answer is B.", "16606": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A reticulated python's scientific name is Python reticulatus.\nNerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species.\nPython reticulatus has the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, these organisms are in the same species.\nMorelia viridis does not have the same scientific name as a reticulated python. So, Python reticulatus and Morelia viridis are not in the same species. The answer is A.", "16608": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe air inside a soccer ball expands to fill all the space inside the ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball. The answer is B.", "16610": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The slide and the velcro are not fuzzy.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All three objects are smooth.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is smooth. The answer is B.", "16622": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Pepe's genotype for the ear type gene is EE. Pepe's genotype of EE has only E allelles. The E allele is for normal ears. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Pepe's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dumbo ears (e) is recessive to the allele for normal ears (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nPepe's genotype of EE has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears. The answer is B.", "16623": "The answer is B.", "16626": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play the viola. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the viola is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "16629": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, and the particles in both samples have the same average speed. So, the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy.\nBecause the particles in both samples have the same average kinetic energy, the samples must have the same temperature. The answer is B.", "16630": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince postage is between the guide words pave - primary, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "16639": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Honey's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Honey's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur. The answer is B.", "16642": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of cough syrup is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much. The answer is B.", "16649": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flopsy's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Flopsy's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur. The answer is B.", "16651": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "16658": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the turkey vulture.\nThe turkey vulture has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sharp hook can help the turkey vulture cut the meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe bateleur has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat.\nThe roseate spoonbill has a long spoon-shaped beak. Its beak is not adapted to tear through meat. The roseate spoonbill uses its beak to filter through mud for invertebrates and small fish. The answer is A.", "16659": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the antenna type trait is mutated antennae. So, the fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait is mutated antennae. The answer is B.", "16660": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 26\u00b0C glass of orange juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "16662": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Scylla and Charybdis is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Scylla and Charybdis were two sea monsters located on either side of a narrow strait in the Mediterranean Sea.\nThe allusion Scylla and Charybdis means a pair of distasteful alternatives. The answer is B.", "16665": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow has a backbone. The answer is A.", "16673": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. An eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. The answer is B.", "16678": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. Over millions of years, the bone gets covered by minerals. The minerals form rock.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "16680": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is A.", "16683": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "16685": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology. The answer is B.", "16689": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "16693": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making. The answer is A.", "16695": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **What Love Is For**. The answer is B.", "16699": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the kelp.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the sea cucumber: kelp->sea urchin->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the plainfin midshipman: kelp->zooplankton->plainfin midshipman. zooplankton. There are two paths matter can take from the kelp to the zooplankton: kelp->zooplankton. kelp->sea urchin->zooplankton. The answer is B.", "16708": "This country is Tonga. The answer is B.", "16720": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is C.", "16723": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether oxygen is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of oxygen is composed of one oxygen atom. So, oxygen is an elementary substance.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that oxygen is an elementary substance. So, oxygen is a substance that is composed of only one chemical element. The answer is A.", "16725": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is D.", "16727": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 43\u00b0F.\n43\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is B.", "16728": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. She sings our favorite song, we clap for her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: She sings our favorite song and We clap for her. The answer is B.", "16731": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "16733": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. A California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA hippopotamus is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water. The answer is B.", "16737": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Megan Williamson won the mayoral election in Belmont,\" Eddie remarked to his sister. The answer is A.", "16738": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Carey and Wyatt.\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Wyatt suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Carey asked him if he was OK, and Wyatt said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Wyatt finally returned. Coach Carey said he was glad Wyatt was back, and Wyatt said he was happy and relieved. The answer is A.", "16744": "The colony is New Jersey. The answer is C.", "16746": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe feather fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the palm leaf fossil. So, the feather fossil is most likely younger than the palm leaf fossil. The answer is B.", "16751": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is A.", "16754": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is C.", "16756": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink. The answer is A.", "16762": "Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The answer is A.", "16772": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Nutmeg's observable version of the fur color trait is dark fur. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait is dark fur. The answer is A.", "16773": "This state is Washington. The answer is B.", "16777": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (to die for).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "16784": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "16788": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton head band would stretch the most. If you pull the ends of a cotton headband, it will get longer. The answer is C.", "16797": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "16802": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction. The bowl is remaining motionless. So, the bowl has a constant velocity. The answer is B.", "16806": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 31 inches.\n31 feet, 31 yards, and 31 miles are all too long. The answer is A.", "16810": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight. The answer is A.", "16811": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "16812": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has one allele for red eyes (E) and one allele for brown eyes (e). So, the fly's genotype for the eye color gene is Ee. The answer is A.", "16816": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "16818": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that if Kira doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kira wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "16822": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. The better estimate for the length of a bench is 10 feet.\n10 yards is too long. The answer is A.", "16824": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nMobile, Alabama, had high humidity over the weekend.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity in Mobile, Alabama, over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "16827": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRon The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "16836": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Fairfax. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is A.", "16837": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "16840": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. The pea plant's genotype for the pod color gene is DD. The pea plant's genotype of DD has only D allelles. The D allele is for green pods. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow pods (d) is recessive to the allele for green pods (D). This means D is a dominant allele, and d is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of DD has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods. The answer is B.", "16841": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. There are seven continents on earth, South America is one of them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: There are seven continents on earth and South America is one of them. The answer is A.", "16852": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Gives the baby a bath is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is A.", "16854": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.\nTyto alba and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tyto alba and Ardea alba have the same species name within their genus, alba. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tyto alba is in the genus Tyto, and Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea.\nDiodon nicthemerus is in the genus Diodon. The first word of its scientific name is Diodon. So, Diodon nicthemerus and Ardea alba are not in the same genus.\nThis organism and the great egret are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ardea alba. The answer is A.", "16855": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether silver is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silver contains one atomic symbol: Ag. So, the formula tells you that silver is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince silver is composed of only one chemical element, silver is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "16861": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nTinkle represents the sound of the bells. The answer is B.", "16868": "The colony is Maryland. The answer is B.", "16873": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Vijay wants or needs:\nA cost is a value that is given up or spent. When Vijay makes vegetable soup, he will spend more time making the soup than he would have spent making the egg drop soup. The answer is A.", "16878": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "16879": "Salem is the capital of Oregon. The answer is A.", "16881": "Joey wanted broccoli in his lunch and Darell was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nJoey has tomatoes. Darell has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "16883": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest south. The answer is A.", "16886": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Ringo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Ringo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur. The answer is B.", "16903": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal is colder than the 40\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "16917": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism between jobs means that Ava is unemployed. The answer is B.", "16930": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Ken or his brother.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Ken's.\nDid Ken and his brother look through the user manual before trying to fix Ken's computer? The answer is A.", "16932": "Flowering plants, called angiosperms, use their flowers for sexual reproduction.\nFlowers can have male parts, female parts, or both! The male part is called the stamen, and the female part is called the pistil.\nBoth the male and female parts are needed for sexual reproduction. The female part produces eggs, and the male part produces pollen. Pollen contains cells that become sperm.\nPollination happens when pollen lands on top of the pistil. Self-pollination happens when a plant with both male and female parts pollinates itself. Cross-pollination happens when pollen from one plant lands on the pistil of a flower on a different plant. Animals, including birds and insects, can be pollinators. Many pollinators come to flowers to get food. As a pollinator feeds, it moves pollen from one flower to another.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen fuse with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs then grow into seeds. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow flowers and begin the angiosperm plant life cycle again. Sperm cells are male cells. The sperm cells in the pollen fuse with the eggs. This is called fertilization.\nFemale cells do not produce pollen. The answer is B.", "16935": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The pinwheel is not translucent.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. The pinwheel is colorful. The answer is B.", "16936": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (like pulling teeth).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "16939": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. You need to determine Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Chance's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the allele for soft fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChance's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be rough fur. The answer is B.", "16947": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "16951": "Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n The answer is A.", "16967": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Harper wants or needs:\nHarper will spend more time walking to the grizzly bears. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gorillas are close by. The answer is A.", "16977": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDad remembered to buy groceries, but he forgot the grape jelly. The answer is A.", "16986": "There was a surplus if there was too much for sale at a given price.\nThere was a shortage if there was not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there were too many copies of the game for sale. There were 100 copies for sale, but there were 150 people who wanted to buy a copy.\nSo, there was a surplus of games. The store will not get any money for the leftover copies of the game. The answer is A.", "16992": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPorcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators.\nAn anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nAn anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. The answer is D.", "16995": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nBridgeport, Connecticut, had cool temperatures over the weekend.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Bridgeport over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "16996": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words like and get in relation to each other. The answer is A.", "17004": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is D.", "17014": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a car is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long. The answer is D.", "17015": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "17017": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pinch is between the guide words pasture - polish, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "17039": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The potato sack, the apple seeds, and the power pot are not fragile.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All four objects are rough.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The power pot is hard, but the potato sack and the apple seeds are not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is rough. The answer is B.", "17042": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Darkness comes quickly on long winter nights is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Darkness comes quickly and On long winter nights. The answer is B.", "17044": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\" This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nI see them in Asia and in Africa. The answer is A.", "17045": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nArms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the gray heron.\nLong legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe demoiselle crane has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading.\nThe African penguin has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African penguin uses its legs to walk and swim. The answer is A.", "17048": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nThe platypus has venom-producing glands, which are rare among mammals, but its venom is not generally lethal to humans. The answer is C.", "17052": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is B.", "17055": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is C.", "17056": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, visit. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is A.", "17061": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making. The answer is B.", "17069": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Elijah's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is mm. Elijah's genotype of mm has only m alleles. The m allele is for not having Thomsen disease. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Elijah's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Thomsen disease (M) is dominant over the allele for not having Thomsen disease (m). This means M is a dominant allele, and m is a recessive allele.\nElijah's genotype of mm has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease. The answer is B.", "17070": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nSan Francisco is located on the coast of California. On December 30, 1856, the temperature fell to 36\u00b0F.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in San Francisco on a specific day in 1856. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "17078": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. The answer is B.", "17085": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is A.", "17096": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is A.", "17098": "One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The girl pushes the pi\u00f1ata. The direction of the push is away from the stick. The answer is B.", "17100": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Would I Let My Son Play Football?\" The answer is B.", "17103": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta.\nLarus livens is in the genus Larus. The first word of its scientific name is Larus. So, Larus livens and Cyanocitta stelleri are not in the same genus.\nLarus michahellis is in the genus Larus. The first word of its scientific name is Larus. So, Larus michahellis and Cyanocitta stelleri are not in the same genus.\nCyanocitta cristata is in the genus Cyanocitta. The first word of its scientific name is Cyanocitta. So, Cyanocitta cristata and Cyanocitta stelleri are in the same genus. The answer is C.", "17106": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fabulous is between the guide words feather - fling, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "17110": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Champ has two alleles for a red coat (l). So, Champ's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. The answer is A.", "17115": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction. The antelope is speeding up. So, the antelope is accelerating. The answer is B.", "17119": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 7 feet.\n7 inches is too short. 7 yards and 7 miles are too long. The answer is C.", "17125": "Look at the table and images.\nLing wants broccoli. Maria wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is B.", "17135": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 458\u00b0F brick is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "17136": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nVoss is a city in Norway. One winter, the snow there was two meters deep!\nThis passage tells you about the snow in Voss one winter. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "17140": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion Gordian knot is ancient legend.\nAccording to legend, Alexander the Great used his sword to slash an intricate knot by which a chariot was tied to a pole in the city of Gordium.\nThe allusion Gordian knot means a highly complex problem. The answer is B.", "17153": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDillon liked the sea otters, but the jellyfish were his favorite. The answer is A.", "17155": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "17156": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "17171": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "17176": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Newport. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is B.", "17178": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "17183": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "17189": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "17204": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. The answer is B.", "17206": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Myrmarachne maxillosa is an animal. Animal cells have a nucleus. The answer is A.", "17209": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "17211": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "17214": "A book is made of paper.\nA book tells a story.\nA teacher may read a book out loud. The answer is B.", "17215": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. Baking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies! The answer is B.", "17218": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nSummer is usually the hottest time of the year in Des Moines, Iowa.\nThis passage tells you about the usual summer temperatures in Des Moines. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "17219": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "17222": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Paper does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, paper is not a mineral. The answer is B.", "17226": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne car moved 170 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other car moved 445 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each car spent the same amount of time moving. The car that moved 170 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is B.", "17227": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince suitcase is not between the guide words salute - squirrel, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "17228": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each greenhouse increased, which means that the thermal energy of each greenhouse increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each greenhouse. The answer is B.", "17233": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two pots of spaghetti sauce are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the pot of spaghetti sauce with more thermal energy has a higher temperature. The answer is A.", "17250": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Coach Sharma talked to her team before the game is a complete sentence. The subject is Coach Sharma, and the verb is talked. The answer is B.", "17254": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest east. The answer is D.", "17258": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the American badger.\nThe American badger has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The American badger uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe bottlenose dolphin has flippers for feet. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The bottlenose dolphin uses its flippers to swim. The answer is A.", "17267": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hot is between the guide words herring - hue, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "17268": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "17269": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth changed.\nThe ground is lower than the plane. As the skydiver drifted toward the ground, the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the skydiver and Earth decreased as she drifted toward the flat ground. The answer is B.", "17273": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "17278": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, shoveled. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is C.", "17285": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Good Samaritan is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a Good Samaritan is a person who helps someone in need.\nThe allusion Good Samaritan means a person who offers aid to someone who is suffering. The answer is A.", "17295": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is C.", "17296": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 3 milliliters.\n3 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "17304": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. Rust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. The answer is A.", "17317": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system. Also known as Global Positioning System.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system also known as Global Positioning System. The answer is B.", "17319": "This country is Australia.\nIs Australia a country or a continent?\nBoth! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. The answer is B.", "17324": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest west. The answer is A.", "17328": "This country is Nauru. The answer is C.", "17329": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA sunflower seed is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a sunflower seed is not a rock.\nGabbro is a rock.\nGneiss is a rock. The answer is A.", "17339": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a leaf-tailed gecko is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA magpie goose is a bird. Like other birds, a magpie goose is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA domestic pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is B.", "17343": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Dylan, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Dylan down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Dylan up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Dylan. The answer is A.", "17351": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert. There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nWhich U.S. cities are doing the most to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? Tonight's news report has the details. The answer is B.", "17354": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Mia has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations. The answer is B.", "17366": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "17372": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nBaja California is a state in Mexico. It was not raining anywhere in the state during the first week of February.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the lack of rain in Baja California in the first week of February. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "17380": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, stay. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is B.", "17385": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is A.", "17387": "This state is Maine. The answer is C.", "17390": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nMalachite is a mineral.\nWool is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, wool is not a pure substance. And it is not a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral. The answer is C.", "17391": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. A can of soda fizzing over is a physical change. The carbon dioxide gas makes the soda fizz. But a different type of matter is not formed. The answer is B.", "17398": "New York City is the capital of New York. The answer is A.", "17400": "This country is Nauru. The answer is D.", "17406": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is C.", "17408": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "17422": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 15 milliliters.\n15 liters is too much. The answer is A.", "17424": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that its client is innocent because she has not done anything wrong, because she is not guilty, and because she is free from all criminal behaviors, dispositions, or inclinations. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is A.", "17425": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is C.", "17430": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship. The answer is B.", "17431": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is B.", "17435": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. Over millions of years, the bone absorbs minerals from the ground. The minerals make the bone hard and white, like rock.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "17436": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clutch is between the guide words casual - coffee, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "17438": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "17439": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nDie of boredom is an exaggeration, since the movie isn't actually dangerous. The answer is B.", "17441": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two drops of dish soap are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of dish soap has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "17459": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding. A nosy person has a more negative connotation. Nosy and interested both denote taking a look at something. However, nosy suggests being too inquisitive, while interested suggests careful observation. The answer is A.", "17464": "This country is the Federated States of Micronesia. The answer is C.", "17485": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A Burmese python's scientific name is Python bivittatus. The first word of its scientific name is Python.\nLithobates palustris is in the genus Lithobates. The first word of its scientific name is Lithobates. So, Lithobates palustris and Python bivittatus are not in the same genus.\nMelanoplus bivittatus and Python bivittatus are not in the same genus.\nThese organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Melanoplus bivittatus and Python bivittatus have the same species name within their genus, bivittatus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Melanoplus bivittatus is in the genus Melanoplus, and Python bivittatus is in the genus Python.\nThis organism and the Burmese python are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Python bivittatus. The answer is C.", "17488": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Neptune. The volume of Neptune is 62,530 billion km^3, which is more than 54,500 billion km^3. So, Neptune's volume is more than 50 times as great as that of Earth. The answer is A.", "17493": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters.\nChoice 1 is a cold desert ecosystem. It is dry and cold, with a small amount of rain or snow.\nChoice 2 is a temperate deciduous forest ecosystem. It has warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters.\nChoice 3 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters. The answer is A.", "17496": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "17500": "The answer is C.", "17501": "The colony is South Carolina. The answer is B.", "17503": "To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.\nThe map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.\nThe legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 18 and 24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.\n21 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.\n12 and 14 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range. The answer is C.", "17508": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with climbing growth or bush growth, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the growth pattern trait. The question tells you that the g allele, which is for bush growth, is recessive to the G allele, which is for climbing growth.\nClimbing growth is the dominant allele's version of the growth pattern trait. A rose plant with the dominant version of the growth pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the growth pattern gene. So, offspring with climbing growth must have the genotype GG or Gg.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype GG or Gg.\nBush growth is the recessive allele's version of the growth pattern trait. A rose plant with the recessive version of the growth pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the growth pattern gene. So, offspring with bush growth must have the genotype gg.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype gg.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with climbing growth to offspring with bush growth is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with climbing growth. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with bush growth. The answer is E.", "17514": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is B.", "17515": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nLatrell lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Latrell lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "17517": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 3 tons.\n3 ounces and 3 pounds are both too light. The answer is B.", "17523": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statements describe the Kaeng Krachan National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It has many different types of organisms. The following statement does not describe Kaeng Krachan National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has mostly small plants. The answer is A.", "17534": "The answer is D.", "17537": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Gymnothorax funebris is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nGymnothorax funebris is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that green moray eel is the common name. The answer is B.", "17543": "The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.\nAppeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:\nsay that a brand has been trusted for many years\ninclude an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association\nfeature a testimonial from a \"real person\" who shares the audience's values\nuse an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson\nAppeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:\nuse graphs or charts to display information\ncite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies\nexplain the science behind a product or service\nemphasize that the product is a financially wise choice\nanticipate and refute potential counterclaims\nAppeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:\ntrigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment\nappeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive\nlink the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to ethos, or character, by emphasizing the hybrid car's environmental friendliness. The answer is A.", "17553": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Wisconsin is farthest west. The answer is C.", "17555": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor. The answer is A.", "17556": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create nauseous spirals that forced many viewers to look away after only a few minutes.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create disorienting spirals so intense that they caused some viewers to become nauseous just from looking at them.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "17558": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Kiera's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Kiera is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nKiera's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Springtown Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "17559": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Bonnie's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all. The answer is A.", "17565": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. Use the model to determine whether gold is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that yellow represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Au. So, the model shows you that gold is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that gold is composed of only one chemical element. So, gold is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "17568": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern. This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nIf I could but remember;\nIf I could hear, lost love of mine,\nThe music of your cruelties. The answer is A.", "17570": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThe summers are hot in Kissimmee, Florida.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Kissimmee. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "17577": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding. The answer is B.", "17578": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the fur length trait is short fur. So, Remy's phenotype for the fur length trait is short fur. The answer is B.", "17595": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Tiny has two alleles for red eyes (e). So, Tiny's genotype for the eye color gene is ee. The answer is B.", "17599": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nBill went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus. The answer is A.", "17600": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 48\u00b0C pie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is C.", "17601": "Moss plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMoss plants use their male and female parts for sexual reproduction. The male parts produce sperm. Moss live in damp environments, and moss sperm can travel through water to the female parts.\nThe sperm fuse with eggs in the female part. This is called fertilization. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm from a moss plant fertilizes an egg from the same plant. Cross-fertilization happens when a sperm from one moss plant fertilizes an egg from a different moss plant.\nThe fertilized egg grows into a thin brown stalk on top of the female part. Each stalk has a small spore capsule at the top. Moss plants use asexual reproduction to make small spores in the capsules. When the capsules open, the spores are released.\nWhen the spores land on the ground, they may germinate and grow into a new moss plant. This new moss plant can produce eggs and sperm and begin the moss life cycle again. A sperm swims through water to the female part. The sperm and egg fuse, and the fertilized egg grows into a thin brown stalk. The sperm and egg do not turn into spores. The answer is B.", "17607": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "17609": "This country is Nauru. The answer is A.", "17611": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But melting wax is not. The answer is D.", "17613": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "17617": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The answer is B.", "17622": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a car key is 3 inches.\n3 feet, 3 yards, and 3 miles are all too long. The answer is B.", "17637": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is B.", "17646": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nThe magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilacs would have used up. The answer is B.", "17652": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, the fly's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes. The answer is B.", "17654": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is A.", "17658": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "17665": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "17667": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is C.", "17668": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is D.", "17672": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "17679": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "17686": "The Third Amendment says that the government can't force people to keep soldiers in their houses during a time of peace. The amendment says that no soldier shall be \"quartered in any house.\" In this case, \"quartered\" means \"given a place to stay.\" The complete text of the Third Amendment is below. Are there any times when an American might have to let a soldier stay in his or her house? No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. The answer is B.", "17687": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nShrank just a bit is an understatement, since the baby is presumably much smaller than Justine. The answer is A.", "17688": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. Snowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. The answer is A.", "17689": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is D.", "17692": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is A.", "17693": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. Use the model to determine whether silver is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that dark blue represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ag. So, the model shows you that silver is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that silver is composed of only one chemical element. So, silver is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "17695": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the encyclopedia.\nThe encyclopedia says that chalk is a soft sedimentary rock formed from the skeletons of marine plankton. The answer is B.", "17696": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the customer service representatives.\nRobert showed the customer service representatives the error on his receipt, and he received a refund. The answer is A.", "17698": "Look at the table.\nThe abbreviation \"ca.\" stands for the Latin word, circa. Circa means \"about.\" It indicates when a date is estimated. So, around 1792 BCE, the Babylonian Empire started controlling Mesopotamia.\nThe Babylonian (ba-bih-LOH-nee-in) Empire came after the Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian empires. The capital of the Babylonian Empire was the city of Babylon (BA-bih-lahn). The answer is C.", "17703": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Laura is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is A.", "17707": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the Atlantic puffin.\nThe Atlantic puffin has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Atlantic puffin uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe California gull has small claws and webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe African crowned eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The African crowned eagle uses its feet to grab prey. The answer is B.", "17713": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Asia. The answer is A.", "17721": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people. The answer is A.", "17723": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "17726": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Bert borrowed my book he enjoyed it is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Bert borrowed my book and He enjoyed it. The answer is B.", "17727": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "17752": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader. This sentence uses a simile:\nHakim's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nHakim's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as. The answer is B.", "17753": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. A dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years is a chemical change. The bone gets broken down into tiny pieces. The pieces are then replaced by new matter called rock. The answer is A.", "17754": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dave needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn. The answer is B.", "17757": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Fred or Paul.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Fred.\nFred's brother Paul wondered whether Fred ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon. The answer is B.", "17763": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night. The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like a pair of cymbals suggests that Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips. A pair of cymbals is clanged together to make a loud sound. The answer is A.", "17780": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water. The answer is B.", "17784": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "17785": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nA seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nLoons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nHermann's tortoises live in the wild in central Europe. The answer is C.", "17790": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "17793": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel. The answer is A.", "17797": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether sodium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium chloride, NaCl, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that sodium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium chloride is a compound. The answer is B.", "17800": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tyler wants or needs:\nTyler will give up the chance to go to Alabama. He would have enjoyed a trip to Alabama more than Arkansas. The answer is B.", "17810": "The answer is A.", "17818": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nEdmond perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nEdmond perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "17819": "Gymnosperms are plants that have seeds but not flowers. Conifers are a type of a gymnosperm. Instead of flowers, conifers have cones. Conifers use their cones for sexual reproduction.\nMost conifer trees have both male and female cones. The male cones produce pollen. The female cones produce eggs and a sticky substance on the edge of the cone.\nMale cones release pollen into the wind. Pollination happens when pollen lands on and sticks to the female cones. Self-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on the same tree. Cross-pollination happens when pollen sticks to a female cone on a different tree.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen fuse with eggs at the base of the female cone's scales. This is called fertilization.\nThe fertilized eggs grow into seeds inside the female cone. Conifer seeds are released from the fertilized cones. Many conifer seeds have wing-like structures. They can be carried long distances by the wind. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow cones and begin the conifer life cycle again. Gymnosperms do not have flowers. Conifers use their cones for sexual reproduction.\nMost conifer trees have both male and female cones. The male cones produce pollen. The female cones produce eggs and a sticky substance on the edge of the cone.\nPollination happens when pollen sticks to and fertilizes an egg on a female cone. The fertilized egg grows into a seed inside the female cone.\nConifer seeds are released from the fertilized cones. Many conifer seeds have wing-like structures. They can be carried long distances by the wind. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate and grow into a new plant. The new plant can grow cones and begin the conifer life cycle again. The answer is B.", "17829": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The melted marshmallow is not slippery.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The melted marshmallow is not stretchy.\nA sticky object can attach or stick to other things. All four objects are sticky.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is sticky. The answer is A.", "17830": "Look at the table and images.\nMandy wants broccoli. Troy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "17832": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pack. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is A.", "17833": "Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food. In this food chain, the California sea slug is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The California sea slug in this food chain eats the kelp. The answer is A.", "17841": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is not between the guide words bark - belief, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "17845": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"May\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jun\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Aug\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Oct\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Nov\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Dec\" is incorrect.\nNovember, December, and January each have over 200 millimeters of precipitation. The answer is C.", "17846": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Lucia investigated whether covering side mirrors with plastic bags affects how much ice forms on the mirrors. The uncovered side mirrors were not covered with plastic bags. So, they were part of a control group. The answer is A.", "17857": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "17860": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Dwayne is overweight. The answer is B.", "17867": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Peterson is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "17882": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thirteen is between the guide words tease - tomb, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "17887": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness. The answer is A.", "17899": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tessa had just been speaking about Patrick. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned. The answer is B.", "17901": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "17903": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "17907": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is D.", "17908": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is older:\nThe palm leaf fossil is in a deeper layer in the rock sequence than the wood fossil. So, the palm leaf fossil is most likely older than the wood fossil. The answer is B.", "17912": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A stuffed hippo is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen you hold a stuffed hippo in your hands, the stuffed hippo still has a size and shape of its own. The answer is C.", "17918": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the Great Victoria Desert has a small amount of rain. It also has dry, thin soil. The answer is B.", "17929": "The colony is New York.\nDuring the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony. The answer is C.", "17930": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Plagioclase has all the properties of a mineral. So, plagioclase is a mineral. The answer is B.", "17936": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The glass is fragile.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The glass is not soft. The answer is B.", "17937": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Joyce's snoring. The answer is A.", "17943": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion in the sentence is literature.\nThe phrase a nutshell means in a brief way. The answer is A.", "17952": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for krypton contains one symbol: Kr. So, krypton is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, krypton is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for potassium nitrate contains two symbols: K for potassium and N for nitrogen. So, potassium nitrate is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, potassium nitrate is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide contains two symbols: S for sulfur and O for oxygen. So, sulfur dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, sulfur dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "17960": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 22 tons.\n22 ounces and 22 pounds are both too light. The answer is B.", "17969": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nPedro custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oakdale.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Pedro's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nPedro bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oakdale.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "17970": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The popcorn is bumpy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The popcorn is not sour. The answer is B.", "17976": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a blender is 1 liter.\n1 milliliter is too little. The answer is A.", "17977": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.\nIt can be proved by checking a map of the United States.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming.\nPrettiest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about where the prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are. The answer is A.", "17979": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is A.", "17985": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Rose wants or needs:\nRose will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club. The answer is A.", "17988": "This state is Colorado. The answer is C.", "17990": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bruce wants or needs:\nBruce will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. He thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than banana muffins. The answer is A.", "17992": "Look at the table and images.\nPedro wants broccoli. Oliver wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "17994": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic fox.\nDuring the winter, the Arctic fox has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.\nThe naked mole rat has thin pink skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The answer is B.", "17995": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the park rangers.\nThe park rangers explained to the audience that a muskrat looks like a small beaver with a rat-like tail. The answer is B.", "18003": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Mayor Armstrong wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Armstrong's argument. Mayor Armstrong only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man. The answer is B.", "18010": "Boise is the capital of Idaho. The answer is D.", "18019": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince volley is not between the guide words vain - violet, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18021": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is C.", "18029": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "18030": "Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The answer is C.", "18036": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But crushing a mineral into powder is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is A.", "18045": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nRattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey.\nAn American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nRabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren.\nAn ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun. The answer is A.", "18048": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the European mole.\nThe European mole has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging. The European mole uses its claws to break up soil and move it out of the way.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe groundhog has long, straight claws. Its feet are adapted for digging.\nThe tokay gecko has wide, sticky toes. Its feet are not adapted for digging. The tokay gecko uses its feet to climb trees and walk on leaves. The answer is B.", "18053": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "18055": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the strawberry poison frog.\nThe strawberry poison frog has poisonous glands in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the strawberry poison frog is poisonous.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe Spanish shawl nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators.\nThe gray tree frog has gray-brown skin. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators. The answer is B.", "18064": "Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The answer is C.", "18068": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cunning is between the guide words cash - crayon, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "18069": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is D.", "18072": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. Beating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter. The answer is B.", "18073": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "18077": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is A.", "18078": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA gray tree frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA gray tree frog does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger has the traits of a mammal. A Bengal tiger is a mammal. The answer is B.", "18086": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the Cerrado has warm summers and warm winters. It also has year-round rain. The answer is A.", "18088": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "18095": "Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.\nScientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.\nA ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.\nThe balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.\nNotice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.\nThe molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.\nThe chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.\nIn chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.\nThe symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance. H is the symbol for hydrogen. S is the symbol for sulfur. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom.\nThe chemical formula will contain the symbols H and S. There are two hydrogen atoms, so H will have a subscript of 2. There is one sulfur atom, so S will not have a subscript.\nThe correct formula is H2 S. The answer is C.", "18101": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism terminological inexactitudes suggests that they used false or misleading language. The answer is B.", "18104": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much. The answer is A.", "18105": "Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The answer is C.", "18124": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Caramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.\nA pair of dice is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you roll a pair of dice, the dice have a shape of their own. They are still cubes when they stop rolling.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nThe answer is A.", "18127": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The student pulls open the drawer. The direction of the pull is toward her hand. The answer is A.", "18128": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nThe California Gold Rush began after gold was discovered in 1848.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the California Gold Rush.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople who moved to California for gold were greedy.\nGreedy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes people greedy. The answer is A.", "18129": "Lansing is the capital of Michigan. The answer is A.", "18130": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince liquid is between the guide words lever - loan, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18131": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus.\nStrix uralensis does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Strix uralensis are not in the same species.\nArdea cinerea does not have the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, Falco peregrinus and Ardea cinerea are not in the same species.\nFalco peregrinus has the same scientific name as a peregrine falcon. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is A.", "18133": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. Use the model to determine whether magnesium is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\nIn the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:\n. The legend shows that green represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Mg. So, the model shows you that magnesium is composed of one chemical element.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that magnesium is composed of only one chemical element. So, magnesium is an elementary substance. The answer is A.", "18134": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that lending something to someone will lead to further thefts. However, this argument offers only an extreme outcome and ignores other possible outcomes. For instance, you may lend something to someone once without it leading to a chain of thefts. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy. The answer is B.", "18136": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "18138": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nIt was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the Northern Kentucky Airport last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "18146": "This state is Mississippi. The answer is A.", "18149": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A moon jellyfish's scientific name is Aurelia aurita.\nAequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, Aurelia aurita and Aequorea victoria are not in the same species.\nCyanea capillata does not have the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata are not in the same species.\nAurelia aurita has the same scientific name as a moon jellyfish. So, these organisms are in the same species. The answer is B.", "18152": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is B.", "18159": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The tomato plant's observable version of the leaf type trait is potato leaves. So, the plant's phenotype for the leaf type trait is potato leaves. The answer is A.", "18166": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the marmot.\nThe marmot has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing. The large front teeth can help the marmot break off pieces of food that it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe aardvark has a long tube-shaped mouth and a few, small teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing.\nThe Damara mole rat has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing. The Damara mole rat uses its large front teeth to break off pieces of food that it can swallow. The answer is B.", "18167": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the Kermadec Arc has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight. The answer is B.", "18173": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "18184": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is C.", "18187": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A mouflon's scientific name is Ovis orientalis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis.\nOvis aries is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis aries and Ovis orientalis are in the same genus.\nAlouatta palliata is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta palliata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus.\nHystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus. The answer is C.", "18194": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince principal is between the guide words paint - post, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18196": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "18197": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family. King, teacher, and clown go together. They are jobs. Room is not a job, so it is not like the other words. The answer is B.", "18202": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "18212": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Salem. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring. The answer is B.", "18241": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder piece of rope has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "18245": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is B.", "18250": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a diving board is 10 feet.\n10 inches is too short. 10 yards and 10 miles are too long. The answer is C.", "18257": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 77\u00b0F pie is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy. The answer is A.", "18258": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Decomposers help break down dead organisms into simpler matter, such as nutrients. These nutrients can then help plants and other organisms grow. In a food web, there is an arrow pointing from another organism to a decomposer. There are no arrows pointing from a decomposer to another organism.\nThe earthworm does not have arrows pointing from it to other organisms. So, the earthworm is a decomposer.\nThe bilberry has arrows pointing from it. So, the bilberry is not a decomposer. The answer is A.", "18263": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to peel a banana is 11 seconds.\n11 minutes is too slow. The answer is B.", "18272": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "18273": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Jayce's new kitten is not actually just a ball of fluff.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "18275": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince weary is between the guide words walnut - who, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18277": "Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The answer is C.", "18278": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nIt was 24\u00b0C downtown this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature downtown this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "18284": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Arctic Ocean. The answer is C.", "18288": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest north. The answer is A.", "18291": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the Atlantic puffin.\nThe Atlantic puffin has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the Atlantic puffin uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe platypus has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe spectral tarsier has long toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The spectral tarsier uses its feet to climb trees. The answer is A.", "18294": "Look at the map.\nThe map shows that the conflict involved countries and territories throughout Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, and North America. The only continents not involved were Australia, where no Europeans had settled, and Antarctica, where no humans lived.\nThe French and Indian War was part of a global war between rival empires. An empire is a group of places ruled by a central power. At the time, several empires were fighting to become the most powerful in the world. Many historians call this global war the Seven Years' War.\nThe French and Indian War was the part of the Seven Years' War fought in North America. This war led to big changes in the relationship between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain. Historians often consider these changes important causes of the American Revolution, which started less than 20 years later. The answer is A.", "18296": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is A.", "18303": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products. Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to zinc in this chemical reaction.\nMany watches are powered by small, flat batteries called button cells. One common type of button cell contains the metal zinc. When zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms. This process generates the electricity that powers the watch.\nThe underlined text tells you that when zinc and oxygen combine, zinc oxide is formed. When zinc and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form zinc oxide. Because zinc reacts in this chemical reaction, zinc is a reactant. The answer is B.", "18306": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that if Leon enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Leon could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is C.", "18310": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Hobbes has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene is FF. The answer is B.", "18311": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "18322": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Kentucky is farthest east. The answer is B.", "18328": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Wet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nA clothespin is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can open or close a clothespin. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is A.", "18334": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "18336": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is A.", "18338": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence. The answer is A.", "18344": "The city is Denver, Colorado. New York City, New York; San Antonio, Texas; and St. Louis, Missouri are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is C.", "18349": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the giant pangolin.\nThe giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the giant pangolin.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe nine-banded armadillo has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.\nThe Grant's gazelle has thin fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth. The answer is B.", "18357": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Layla wants or needs:\nLayla will spend more time making the tomato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup. The answer is B.", "18362": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Boxer has one allele for a black coat (L) and one allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). So, Boxer's genotype for the coat color gene is Ll. The answer is A.", "18372": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Richard wants or needs:\nThe palm tree will use up more space than the marigolds would have used up. The answer is A.", "18382": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nGrace can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\nThe second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nIf Grace prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard. The answer is A.", "18387": "The passage says a baby blue whale is as big as a car. It is a newborn baby, so it is not as big as an adult whale. An adult whale is as long as two school buses put together. So, an adult whale is bigger than a baby blue whale. The answer is A.", "18389": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Sushi's observable version of the body color trait is a golden body. So, Sushi's phenotype for the body color trait is a golden body. The answer is A.", "18395": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 40 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bat moved 225 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 40 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is A.", "18396": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.\nFor example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:\nYou grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.\nYou grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.\nBy comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Jason and his neighbors investigated whether adding sunflower seeds to bird feeders affects how many woodpeckers visit yards. The yards with empty feeders did not get sunflower seeds. So, they were part of a control group. The answer is A.", "18405": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 25 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 60 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 25 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is A.", "18407": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThe passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Diane lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "18412": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A gold bracelet is a solid. You can wrap a gold bracelet around your wrist. But the bracelet will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA plate is a solid. If someone drops a plate, it may break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nApple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the juice will take the shape of that container. But the juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails! The answer is C.", "18420": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is B.", "18421": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nDistance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.\nThere is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "18424": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince event is between the guide words easel - enamel, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "18426": "Ramadan is a special time of year in the religion of Islam.\nPeople around the world celebrate Ramadan. Ramadan is celebrated during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The answer is A.", "18427": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 1 mile.\n1 yard is too short. The answer is B.", "18429": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen a dancer wears a ballet shoe, the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own. The answer is A.", "18436": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Norwood. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is A.", "18440": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed. Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 65 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 95 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 65 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed. The answer is B.", "18446": "This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis. The answer is D.", "18454": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial. The answer is B.", "18472": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 44\u00b0F.\n44\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "18483": "Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The answer is C.", "18487": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving. Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick. The answer is A.", "18492": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Carly or Jenny.\nCarly looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nCarly has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny. The answer is A.", "18494": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A yak is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nYaks live in cold places. Their long hair helps keep them warm.\nA bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA shoebill is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nShoebills live in tropical East Africa. Shoebills get their name from their shoe-shaped beaks.\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. The answer is B.", "18499": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "18503": "Fern plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.\nMature ferns have flat leaves called fronds. Ferns have structures that look like small dots on the underside of their fronds. These structures are called spore cases. The mature spores are released from the spore cases.\nWhen the spores land on the ground, they may germinate and grow into a new heart-shaped plant. The heart-shaped plant begins the fern's sexual reproduction stage by making eggs and sperm. Ferns do not have flowers. The sperm can swim though small water drops on the heart-shaped plant. The sperm may combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into spores.\nThe spores may land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants. When the spores germinate, they grow into a new heart-shaped plant. This new plant can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage. Spores that do not land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants may germinate and grow into a mature fern. When the spores land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants, they may germinate and grow into a new heart-shaped plant. This new plant can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage. Spores that do not land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants may germinate and grow into a mature fern.\nWhen spores land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants, they may germinate and grow into a mature fern. This mature fern can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage. Spores that do not land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants may germinate and grow into a mature fern. The mature fern can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage. Ferns do not have flowers. The sperm can swim though small water drops on the heart-shaped plant. The sperm may combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into spores. The spores may land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants. When the spores germinate, they grow into a new heart-shaped plant. This new plant can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage. Spores that do not land on the spore cases of other heart-shaped plants may germinate and grow into a mature fern. The mature fern can begin the fern's sexual reproduction stage.", "18506": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "18516": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince earnest is between the guide words electric - ever, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18547": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed. Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 145 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed. The answer is C.", "18550": "Offspring genotypes: homozygous or heterozygous?\nHow do you determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene? Look at the alleles in the organism's genotype for that gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene.\nIf both alleles are dominant, the organism is homozygous dominant for the gene.\nIf both alleles are recessive, the organism is homozygous recessive for the gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. \nBecause there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4 The answer is A.", "18559": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e The word no ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable. The answer is B.", "18560": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is C.", "18562": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The equator is the line at 0\u00b0 latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Europe or Australia. The answer is C.", "18565": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two blocks of concrete are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder block of concrete has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "18571": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by focusing on one main idea.\nFor example, the writer could remove the underlined text to focus only on the reasons why smoking cigarettes is bad for your health.\nWhy is smoking cigarettes bad for your health? Cigarettes contain poisonous substances like carbon monoxide and tar, which can harm every part of your body. Smoking causes heart disease and damages your blood vessels. Eating a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt can also lead to heart disease. A lack of exercise contributes to heart disease, too. Smoking damages your lungs and can cause breathing problems or lung cancer. In fact, it can cause cancer in any organ in your body. The answer is B.", "18572": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "18576": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n To decide which planet is the smallest, look at the volumes shown in the table and compare the exponents. Mercury's volume has an exponent of 10, which is the smallest out of all the planets.\nMercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock. The answer is A.", "18586": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the New England Seamount Chain has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has no sunlight. The answer is A.", "18588": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, throws. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "18609": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\nTo multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 1000\n= 1.43 x 10^15 \u00b7 10^3\n= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)\n= 1.43 x 10^18\n To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 1,000 times the volume of Earth.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. The volume of Jupiter is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is more than 1.08 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is more than 1,000 times that of Earth. The answer is B.", "18617": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is D.", "18627": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA red-tailed hawk is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The answer is A.", "18632": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nPotato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The cracker is not stretchy.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The ocean water is transparent, but the cracker is not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is salty. The answer is A.", "18651": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word the is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Don't Let the Turkeys Get You Down. The answer is B.", "18658": "Columbia is the capital of South Carolina. The answer is D.", "18659": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince midnight is between the guide words melt - myself, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18660": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nDoug's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nDoug realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "18662": "The city is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C., are marked with gray circles on the map below. The answer is C.", "18673": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Marcy thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds. The answer is A.", "18675": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nA green toad has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green toad has the traits of an amphibian. A green toad is an amphibian. The answer is B.", "18682": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "18686": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "18687": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years. The answer is B.", "18689": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50% of Jupiter's volume by multiplying Jupiter's volume by 0.5.\nThen compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 827,130 billion km^3, which is more than 715,640 billion km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume. The answer is B.", "18703": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Herman sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is B.", "18707": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Monta\u00f1a De Oro State Park have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They also have water that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "18714": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, reads. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "18716": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nSoap is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, soap is not a mineral.\nGalena is a mineral.\nNative gold is a mineral. The answer is C.", "18718": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food. A fir tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of fir trees are called needles.\nA sheep is an animal. It eats plants.\nPeople raise sheep for their fur, meat, and milk.\nA chili pepper is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nChili peppers give food a spicy flavor.\nA tulip is a plant. It has a green stem.\nTulips grow best in cool, dry places. The answer is A.", "18722": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the giraffe.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe gerenuk has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches.\nThe black-tailed jackrabbit has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The black-tailed jackrabbit uses its long ears to help find food. The answer is B.", "18723": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gravy is not between the guide words gale - giraffe, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18739": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened. The answer is A.", "18743": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "18752": "Look at the table and images.\nBella wants broccoli. Darnell wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. The answer is D.", "18753": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Devin's favorite season is fall it is cool outside is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. The answer is A.", "18763": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel. The answer is A.", "18765": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Mabel's observable version of the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum. So, Mabel's phenotype for the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum. The answer is A.", "18775": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince jeep is between the guide words jar - jut, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "18779": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is B.", "18786": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work. The answer is B.", "18787": "Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The answer is D.", "18792": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or Asia. The answer is C.", "18795": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nYou can see clearly through a colorful object. The water is not colorful.\nA transparent object lets light through. The water is transparent. The answer is B.", "18796": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "18803": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage. At the current price, there are too many cars for sale. There are 20 cars for sale, but only 40 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of cars. The dealership will not get any money for the leftover cars. The answer is A.", "18812": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "18814": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is B.", "18816": "A rural area is less developed than a suburban area. The answer is A.", "18822": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is A.", "18841": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "18846": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is D.", "18858": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Queenie's observable version of the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks. So, Queenie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks. The answer is A.", "18864": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Reggie is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "18873": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nThe Dominican Republic has lush, green forests and beautiful beaches. A biologist studying insects noticed that it was cooler in the forest than at the beach for most of last week.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in the Dominican Republic last week. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is B.", "18876": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "18885": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Cape Breton Highlands National Park has many evergreen trees. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is B.", "18889": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "18892": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple.\nA sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But cutting an apple is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "18895": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck.\nThe black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe common guillemot has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming.\nThe spectral tarsier has long fingers and toes. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The spectral tarsier uses its feet to grab insects and other small invertebrates. The answer is B.", "18896": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\nDifferent objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Both objects are bouncy.\nA colorful object has one or more bright colors. Neither of the objects are colorful.\nThe property that both objects have in common is bouncy. The answer is A.", "18906": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nAlone together is a contradiction, because being alone means by yourself, but together means with someone else. The answer is B.", "18907": "A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.\nWhen you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.\nWhen you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. An event chain uses arrows to show the order of events. This event chain shows some main events from the American Revolution.\nFollow the arrows to see the order of events. An arrow points from the Declaration of Independence to the Constitution. So, the Declaration of Independence was written first. The answer is A.", "18915": "In the 1400 s, the Portuguese began exploring the coast of Africa. They wanted to find a trade route to the Indian Ocean. To do this, they had to go around Africa.\nBut the Portuguese were not the only ones interested in trading in the Indian Ocean. The rulers of Spain also wanted to trade there. In fact, the Spanish had already sent expeditions to try to find a way around Africa.\nThe answer is C.", "18919": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rampart is not between the guide words reach - risk, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "18920": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The common carp has one allele for normal scales (A) and one allele for mirror scales (a). So, the carp's genotype for the scale type gene is Aa. The answer is B.", "18935": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Waterloo is history.\nThe Battle of Waterloo was fought in 1815 and was won by British forces under the command of Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington.\nThe allusion Waterloo means a decisive defeat. The answer is B.", "18936": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "18937": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is A.", "18949": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Zelda's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Zelda's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for white spots. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Zelda's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZelda's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots. The answer is B.", "18973": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A desert is a type of ecosystem. Deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, Death Valley has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms. The answer is A.", "18985": "This country is Trinidad and Tobago. The answer is C.", "18994": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.\nThere is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "19002": "Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The answer is D.", "19016": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nFirst, Trent planted the geraniums in a clay pot, and then he placed the pot on a sunny windowsill in his kitchen. The answer is B.", "19017": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "19022": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Slate does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, slate is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "19023": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. The answer is B.", "19029": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Colton is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Colton. The answer is A.", "19034": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is scratchier. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel rough and itchy. The answer is A.", "19036": "Brendan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isaac was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBrendan has tomatoes. Isaac has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "19042": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock. The answer is B.", "19043": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Nerium oleander is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is B.", "19045": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Goodman's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "19049": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over. The answer is A.", "19055": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 36\u00b0F.\n36\u00b0C is too hot. The answer is A.", "19060": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Greg or Eric.\nAfter Greg talked with Eric about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEric felt better about collaborating on the research project after Greg talked with him about it. The answer is B.", "19063": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Victor's hair color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "19070": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Eli wants or needs:\nEli will give up the chance to see the tamarins. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the polar bears. The answer is B.", "19075": "Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The answer is A.", "19078": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 17 centimeters.\n17 millimeters is too short. 17 meters and 17 kilometers are too long. The answer is D.", "19080": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "19086": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram. The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 5,725 kilograms.\n5,725 grams is too light. The answer is B.", "19090": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow! The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period. The answer is B.", "19093": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rose started sledding. As Rose rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rose rode down the hill. The answer is A.", "19112": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the clothes hanger.\nThe clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The hook is made of metal, and the rest of the hanger is made of cardboard. The answer is A.", "19115": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Nibbles's genotype for the body size gene is BB. Nibbles's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for a normal-sized body. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nibbles's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a normal-sized body (B) is dominant over the allele for a dwarf body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nNibbles's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body. The answer is A.", "19117": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is B.", "19118": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "19122": "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The answer is B.", "19133": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean. The answer is B.", "19134": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "19136": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up. The answer is A.", "19139": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects the Atlantic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean. The answer is A.", "19142": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee. The answer is A.", "19143": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoiling sugar is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "19150": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether washing cars is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs washing cars something you can touch? No.\nIs washing cars a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, washing cars is a service. The answer is B.", "19155": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Fluorite has all the properties of a mineral. So, fluorite is a mineral. The answer is B.", "19156": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the hockey puck and the center of Earth changed.\nBecause the goal was lower than the table, the distance between the hockey puck and the center of Earth decreased as the puck slid toward the goal. As the distance between the hockey puck and the center of Earth decreased, the gravitational potential energy stored between the hockey puck and Earth decreased as the puck slid toward the goal. The answer is C.", "19158": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is D.", "19161": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The seashell and the apple seeds are not translucent.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are soft.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard. The answer is B.", "19163": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 42 millimeters.\n42 centimeters and 42 meters are both too long. The answer is C.", "19164": "This country is Cuba.\nDoes Cuba have any territorial disputes?\nCuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year. The answer is B.", "19165": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Senator Larsen can't empathize with his low-income constituents because he went to an elite university. However, going to an elite university doesn't necessarily mean you're out of touch. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is A.", "19167": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "19176": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 40 minutes.\n40 hours is too slow. The answer is B.", "19182": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Scratches's observable version of the fur type trait is curly fur. So, Scratches's phenotype for the fur type trait is curly fur. The answer is B.", "19187": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is C.", "19197": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The police department is in column 2. The answer is C.", "19204": "Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The answer is B.", "19206": "Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The answer is B.", "19213": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. The river flooded the town during the storm is a complete sentence. The subject is the river, and the verb is flooded. The answer is A.", "19217": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Ashley's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Ashley is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nAshley's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Weston Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard. The answer is B.", "19220": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The tow truck is pulling the car. The direction of the pull is toward the tow truck. The answer is B.", "19223": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Brittany wants or needs:\nThe maple tree will use up more space than the poppies would have used up. The answer is B.", "19225": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Indian Ocean. The answer is A.", "19227": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with white spots or solid coloring, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. The question tells you that the a allele, which is for white spots, is recessive to the A allele, which is for solid coloring.\nWhite spots is the recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the recessive version of the coat pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with white spots must have the genotype aa.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype aa. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSolid coloring is the dominant allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A cow with the dominant version of the coat pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with solid coloring must have the genotype AA or Aa.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype AA or Aa. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with white spots to offspring with solid coloring is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with white spots for every 2 offspring with solid coloring. The answer is D.", "19232": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. An icicle is a solid. A solid takes a shape of its own.\nAn icicle is made of frozen water. As the icicle grows, it expands into a solid that takes a shape of its own. The answer is A.", "19237": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is A.", "19239": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nBlue is a color.\nThis color is blue. None of the objects are blue.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bouncy. The answer is A.", "19244": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the leaf-mimic katydid.\nThe leaf-mimic katydid has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe blue poison dart frog has brightly colored skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.\nThe shield mantis has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The answer is B.", "19248": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the Sumatran orangutan.\nThe Sumatran orangutan has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The Sumatran orangutan uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe bare-eared squirrel monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.\nThe Grevy's zebra has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The Grevy's zebra uses its feet to walk and run. The answer is B.", "19253": "Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. The answer is B.", "19257": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl has the traits of a bird. A barn owl is a bird.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a bird. A minnow is a fish. The answer is B.", "19259": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "19260": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A taiga is a type of ecosystem. Taigas have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cool summers, many evergreen trees, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, Mount Rainier National Park has long, cold winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients. The answer is A.", "19263": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Poseidon's genotype for the iridescent scales gene is ii. Poseidon's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for mostly plain scales. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Poseidon's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for mostly iridescent scales (I) is dominant over the allele for mostly plain scales (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nPoseidon's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales. The answer is A.", "19271": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is C.", "19274": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait. The answer is B.", "19278": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou might be excited by all of the people and activity in Tokyo, or it might be a bit overwhelming. The answer is A.", "19287": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is B.", "19292": "Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The answer is C.", "19293": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "19296": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nMany crops are grown in California's Central Valley. Thick fog often fills the valley during the cold winter months.\nThe underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of fog in California's Central Valley. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is A.", "19303": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is C.", "19305": "A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.\nThe primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.\nThe volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.\nFor example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.\nTo compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12\nIf their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:\n1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15\n The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth has the volume with the largest exponent. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock. The answer is A.", "19310": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A hockey puck is not a living thing.\nHockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA snowman is not a living thing.\nSnowmen do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nYeast is a living thing.\nYeast grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. Yeast is made up of just one cell.\nYeast is a fungus. Some fungi live on plants. Yeast is a fungus that lives on plants. The answer is B.", "19318": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of honey has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "19323": "The answer is C.", "19324": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Chandler usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion. The answer is B.", "19327": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of the Nile River is 6,850 kilometers.\n6,850 centimeters is too short. The answer is A.", "19333": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Sutton is capitalized because it is a proper noun. The answer is B.", "19334": "Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:\nIt is a solid.\nIt is formed in nature.\nIt is not made by organisms.\nIt is a pure substance.\nIt has a fixed crystal structure.\nIf a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nA mineral is not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.\nA mineral is a pure substance.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\n Candle wax does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, candle wax is not a mineral. The answer is A.", "19351": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Milford. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is B.", "19353": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "19355": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "19367": "When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected.\nThis table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship.\nType of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species...\nCommensal | benefits | is not significantly affected\nMutualistic | benefits | benefits\nParasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed) When an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest, the caterpillar gets food and protection from the ants. So, the caterpillar benefits from its relationship with the ants.\nThe ants also benefit from their relationship with the caterpillar. The ants get food for their nest, and they also get rid of other ants that might compete with the caterpillar for food.\nSince both the caterpillar and the ants benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when an Alcon blue caterpillar lives in a Myrmica ant nest. The answer is B.", "19375": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is B.", "19381": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Emma Hammond can't understand rural, blue-collar workers because she is associated with an urban newspaper. However, where Emma works doesn't necessarily indicate anything about her ability to empathize. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is A.", "19386": "When you write, you can use sensory details. These sense words help your reader understand what something looks, sounds, tastes, smells, or feels like.\nSensory Category | Description\nSight | These are words like bright, clean, and purple. A reader can imagine looking at these details.\nSound | These are words like hissing, buzzing, and ringing. A reader can imagine hearing these details.\nTaste | These are words like juicy, sweet, and burnt. A reader can imagine tasting these details.\nSmell | These are words like fruity, sweet, and stinky. A reader can imagine smelling these details.\nTouch | These are words like fuzzy, wet, and soft. A reader can imagine feeling these details.\nMany sense words can describe more than one sense. For example, soft can describe a touch or a sound. And sweet can describe a taste or a smell.\n Look at the picture.\nThe word chirping describes the sound these birds make.\nQuacking and popping can also describe sounds. But they do not describe the sounds these birds make. The answer is A.", "19397": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Namaqua chameleon.\nThe Namaqua chameleon has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe European green lizard has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.\nThe horned viper has a sand-colored body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The answer is B.", "19401": "Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The answer is A.", "19405": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is A.", "19408": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is B.", "19430": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA water buffalo is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWater buffaloes live in Asia. Some people raise water buffaloes for their milk.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMany geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.\nA western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. The answer is B.", "19442": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks. This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nAccording to a 2008 study, hog farms across five counties in eastern North Carolina produce more than fifteen million tons of manure every year, creating a waste management challenge of epic proportions for county officials. The answer is A.", "19444": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince escape is between the guide words equal - everyday, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "19456": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "19457": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took pictures, ordinary daily life).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "19460": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "19470": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is B.", "19473": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 320 liters.\n320 milliliters is too little. The answer is A.", "19476": "Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The answer is D.", "19477": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is B.", "19479": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is A.", "19484": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "19493": "The answer is C.", "19494": "The colony is Rhode Island. The answer is C.", "19496": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a tokay gecko has a backbone. The answer is A.", "19500": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that if Joe enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Joe could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "19501": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Norma is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning. The answer is B.", "19508": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "19515": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA harvest mouse has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has fur.\nA harvest mouse has the traits of a mammal. A harvest mouse is a mammal.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A minnow is a fish. The answer is A.", "19520": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "19524": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "19525": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the great egret.\nThe great egret has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great egret to grab the prey without scaring it away.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe great blue heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.\nThe frigatebird has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. The answer is B.", "19531": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Feb\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Mar\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"March is drier than February. The average precipitation in March is lower, so March is drier than February.\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"February is wetter than March. The average precipitation in February is higher, so February is wetter than March.\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season. The answer is B.\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta. The average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.\" is incorrect. The answer is C.", "19532": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Biscotti's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Biscotti's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for wavy fur. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Biscotti's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for straight fur (F) is dominant over the allele for wavy fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBiscotti's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur. The answer is A.", "19533": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "19535": "A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.\nA row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.\nA column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The fire department is in column 4. The answer is B.", "19538": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"To Help a Shy Child, Listen.\" The answer is A.", "19545": "This country is Palau. The answer is D.", "19546": "Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The answer is B.", "19548": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A white stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. The answer is B.", "19549": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is A.", "19550": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 43\u00b0C potato is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "19558": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The sandpaper is not soft.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy. The answer is C.", "19592": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word on is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Hop on Pop. The answer is B.", "19595": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding. The answer is A.", "19601": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince platform is between the guide words perfect - polo, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "19602": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "19618": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nBreaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "19620": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "19625": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nSugar has a sweet taste. The jello is sweet, but the icicle, the snowflake, and the cup are not.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. All four objects are fragile.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The icicle, the snowflake, and the cup are not transparent.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is fragile. The answer is A.", "19629": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word to is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"Mother to Son.\" The answer is A.", "19632": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls. The answer is B.", "19634": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "19638": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nimble is not between the guide words nation - next, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "19641": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. Aunt Clare's heavy baggage is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb. The answer is A.", "19642": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux. The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation. The answer is B.", "19658": "Look at the passage. It tells you how jumping spiders catch their food.\nJumping spiders are fast. They can also jump far.\nMost spiders make webs to catch bugs. Then, they eat the bugs. But jumping spiders catch their food in another way. They jump onto flies and other bugs. The answer is B.", "19659": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "19665": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Arkansas is farthest west. The answer is C.", "19676": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A prairie grassland is a type of ecosystem. Prairie grasslands have the following features: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. So, the following statement describes the Buffalo Gap National Grassland ecosystem: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. It has a medium amount of rain. The following statements do not describe Buffalo Gap National Grassland: hot summers and cool winters, a medium amount of rain, and soil that is rich in nutrients. It has heavy rain. It has cold winters and cool summers. The answer is B.", "19678": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass marbles are smoother. If you touch a glass marble, it will not feel rough or bumpy. The answer is B.", "19681": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "19691": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether carbon tetrachloride is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that a molecule of carbon tetrachloride is composed of one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that carbon tetrachloride is composed of two chemical elements: carbon and chlorine. Since carbon tetrachloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, carbon tetrachloride is a compound. The answer is B.", "19695": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink. The answer is A.", "19697": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved. The second sentence states a fact.\nParkour is a physical discipline that involves getting from one point to another while navigating obstacles along the way.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about Parkour.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe greatest benefit of Parkour training is that it teaches people to see obstacles and challenges as opportunities.\nSeeing obstacles as opportunities shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what the greatest benefit of Parkour training is. The answer is B.", "19720": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with academic advisers.\nBefore Jake decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major. The answer is A.", "19723": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e The word so ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable. The answer is A.", "19725": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms. You can tell whether propane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for propane is C3 H8. This formula contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that propane is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, propane is a compound. The answer is B.", "19726": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The stuffed dice and the diamond are not bouncy.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is hard. The answer is C.", "19730": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Burton's snoring. The answer is A.", "19731": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is B.", "19736": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of quartz match the properties of a mineral. So, quartz is a mineral. The answer is A.", "19756": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.\nIf different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. The answer is A.", "19759": "Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.\nLines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0\u00b0 latitude. We start counting degrees from there.\nLines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.\nLines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0\u00b0 longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.\nThe equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180\u00b0E and 180\u00b0W.\nTogether, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0\u00b0 longitude. It intersects Antarctica. It does not intersect South America or North America. The answer is A.", "19764": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "19778": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nThe water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a raft is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a raft expands to fill all the space in the raft. If the raft leaks, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nHelium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon. The answer is A.", "19782": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "19787": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is C.", "19788": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nCheese is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nCheese is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, cheese is not a mineral.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\nFluorite is a mineral. The answer is C.", "19789": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Alvin's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, Alvin's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes. The answer is A.", "19791": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "19793": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "19798": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Chocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.\nA hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nA ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a dancer wears a ballet shoe, it may bend a little. But the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own. The answer is A.", "19807": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the cow.\nThe cow has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the cow reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe zebra has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.\nThe silky anteater has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The silky anteater uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows. The answer is A.", "19818": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nMaking jam is a chemical change. It involves mixing fruit, sugar, and a substance called pectin.\nWhen these ingredients are mixed and cooked, the chemicals change into jam.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "19819": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A weaver ant is an insect. Like other insects, a weaver ant does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA common toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a common toad has a backbone. The answer is B.", "19824": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nHenry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects. The answer is B.", "19830": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake. The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Brody felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment. The answer is A.", "19850": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "19860": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial. The answer is B.", "19867": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "19872": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked. The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Lauren was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer. The answer is A.", "19877": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Acrochordus granulatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nAcrochordus granulatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that marine file snake is the common name. The answer is A.", "19879": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is A.", "19882": "Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.\nMagnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).\nHere are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "19883": "In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups.\nA single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population.\nMultiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community.\nTogether, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem. The answer is B.", "19886": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "19888": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds. The words curl and hurl rhyme. They both end with the url sound.\nThe word gull does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound. The answer is C.", "19889": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb. Taller buildings are usually found in urban areas. The answer is A.", "19894": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nDry Valleys, Antarctica, is the driest place on Earth, followed by Arica, Chile.\nIt can be proved by looking up the information about Antarctica.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe cold, sunless winter months in Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are unbearable.\nUnbearable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is bearable. The answer is B.", "19899": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA smooth object is not scratchy or rough. All four objects are smooth.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The water pitcher is transparent, but the slide and the hammer are not.\nA flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The rubber band is flexible, but the water pitcher and the slide are not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is smooth. The answer is B.", "19903": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression. The answer is B.", "19904": "The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.\nFossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.\nHere are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them:\nThis is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.\nThis is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.\nThis is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.\nAn organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved. The answer is A.", "19905": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. You can tell whether potassium nitrate is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium nitrate, KNO3, contains two atomic symbols: K for potassium and N for nitrogen. So, the formula tells you that potassium nitrate is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium nitrate is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium nitrate is a compound. The answer is A.", "19908": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is B.", "19912": "Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nBarry has tomatoes. Mona has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is D.", "19913": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Sebastain is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Sebastian. The answer is B.", "19922": "Augusta is the capital of Maine. The answer is C.", "19926": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Chandler wants or needs:\nChandler will give up the chance to eat the praline pecan ice cream. He likes this flavor more than caramel swirl. The answer is A.", "19928": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "19934": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia. The answer is B.", "19937": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nThe trek across New Zealand's South Island is exhausting, but the gorgeous views make it worth the effort. The answer is A.", "19948": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince won is between the guide words white - win, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "19952": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals. The answer is B.", "19955": "This country is the Marshall Islands.\nDoes the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes?\nThe Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nThe United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force. The answer is D.", "19963": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel. The answer is A.", "19981": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is A.", "19984": "Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.\nThe food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain:\nA primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain.\nA secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain.\nA tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain.\nA top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer! In this food chain, the brown trout is a secondary consumer because it eats a primary consumer. The primary consumer in this food chain is the water flea. The answer is B.", "19990": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\nA slide is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A slide has a size and shape of its own.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nRain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is A.", "19998": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is B.", "20001": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message. The answer is B.", "20002": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is A.", "20003": "Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The answer is C.", "20007": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall. The answer is A.", "20009": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour. The better estimate for how long it takes to fly across the United States in an airplane is 5 hours.\n5 minutes is too fast. The answer is B.", "20011": "Rosa Parks grew up in the South.\nRosa Parks was born in Montgomery, Alabama. Montgomery is in the southern part of the United States. The answer is D.", "20020": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the caribou.\nThe caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The caribou uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe snowy owl has a thick coat of feathers covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe naked mole rat has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places. The answer is B.", "20021": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two wax candles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter wax candle has more thermal energy. The answer is A.", "20024": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is B.", "20036": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "20040": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Carcharodon carcharias is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name.\nCarcharodon carcharias is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that great white shark is the common name. The answer is A.", "20041": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "20043": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is B.", "20046": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "20051": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is B.", "20062": "A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities.\nFossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers.\nThe relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram.\nCompare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger:\nThe feather fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the feather fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil. The answer is A.", "20065": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between Herman and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Herman started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Herman and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Herman and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit. The answer is A.", "20075": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.\nSolution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles. The answer is B.", "20081": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nShelby and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall. The answer is B.", "20095": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\nMuscovite is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is made by a living thing. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral. The answer is B.", "20115": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the spatula.\nThe spatula is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of rubber. The answer is B.", "20116": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances. Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA marble is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a marble is not a rock.\nDolerite is a rock.\nMica is a rock. The answer is A.", "20117": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince looked is between the guide words like - lumber, it would be found on that page. The answer is B.", "20119": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "20120": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf.\nThe Arctic wolf has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic wolf uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nDuring the winter, the Eurasian lynx has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places.\nThe Amazon milk frog has thin, moist skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places. The answer is B.", "20121": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "20132": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger.\nThe magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is A.", "20134": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But bending a paper clip is not. The answer is C.", "20135": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, rest. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now. The answer is A.", "20145": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a gray body or a golden body, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the body color trait. The question tells you that the b allele, which is for a golden body, is recessive to the B allele, which is for a gray body.\nA gray body is the dominant allele's version of the body color trait. A guppy with the dominant version of the body color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the body color gene. So, offspring with a gray body must have the genotype BB or Bb.\nAll 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype BB or Bb.\nA golden body is the recessive allele's version of the body color trait. A guppy with the recessive version of the body color trait must have only recessive alleles for the body color gene. So, offspring with a golden body must have the genotype bb.\nThere are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype bb.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with a gray body to offspring with a golden body is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with a gray body. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with a golden body. The answer is E.", "20148": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is A.", "20159": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked. The answer is A.", "20161": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. A screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nYou can use a screwdriver to drive a screw. The head of the screwdriver is flat. It will keep the screw from slipping.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA hammer is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nA hammer is made of iron and wood. Both iron and wood are solids.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is D.", "20166": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Digby has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Digby's genotype for the fur length gene is FF. The answer is B.", "20170": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. Helen's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Helen's foot. The answer is B.", "20172": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Todd shouldn't be class president because he reads romance novels for fun. This is a personal attack on Todd that isn't relevant to whether he would be a good class president. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is B.", "20173": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the barracuda.\nThe barracuda has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The baracuda uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow.\nNow look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.\nThe starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat.\nThe seahorse has a long, thin mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat. The seahorse uses its mouth to catch small fish that live in the coral. The answer is B.", "20174": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Catoctin Mountain Park ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has only a few types of trees. It has warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters. The following statement does not describe Catoctin Mountain Park: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "20176": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Minnesota is farthest north. The answer is B.", "20180": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is C.", "20184": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping. The first sentence states a fact.\nBirds are the only living animals that have feathers.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about birds and other animals.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeacock feathers can make any room look fancy.\nFancy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether peacock feathers can make a room look fancy. The answer is A.", "20187": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The balloon and the rubber band are not fragile.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All four objects are stretchy.\nA lemon has a sour taste. The balloon is not sour.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is stretchy. The answer is B.", "20189": "In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.\nOrganisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.\n | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants\nHow many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many\nDo their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes\nCan their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Nerium oleander is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells. The answer is A.", "20192": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. An ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nA spotted dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. The answer is C.", "20203": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statement describes the Kaeng Krachan National Park ecosystem: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has many different types of organisms. The following statements do not describe Kaeng Krachan National Park: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is rich in nutrients. The answer is A.", "20208": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is C.", "20215": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. A porcupine is a mammal. Like other mammals, a porcupine has a backbone.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. The answer is A.", "20217": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Dale sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him. The answer is B.", "20219": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest east. The answer is C.", "20221": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is A.", "20224": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound. The answer is A.", "20226": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 30 inches.\n30 feet, 30 yards, and 30 miles are all too long. The answer is D.", "20231": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. Knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter. The answer is B.", "20239": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F. Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 100 and 110. So, the temperature is 105\u00b0F. The answer is C.", "20241": "Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana. The answer is A.", "20244": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nThroughout the ages, human beings have pondered the many mysteries of the moon. The answer is A.", "20245": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "20256": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Wyoming is farthest north. The answer is D.", "20262": "A food web is a model.\nA food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.\nArrows show how matter moves.\nA food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.\nAn organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.\nAn organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the bilberry.\nThe lichen does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the lichen.\nThe collared lemming has arrows pointing to it from the bear sedge and the bilberry. So, in this food web, matter moves from the bilberry to the collared lemming.\nThe bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bilberry to the bear sedge.\nThe earthworm has an arrow pointing to it from the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the collared lemming. So, in this food web, matter moves from the bilberry to the earthworm. The answer is A.", "20268": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nChalcopyrite is a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral. The answer is C.", "20280": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is C.", "20283": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is C.", "20303": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, read. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "20320": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 25 millimeters.\n25 centimeters, 25 meters, and 25 kilometers are all too long. The answer is D.", "20323": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there. The answer is A.", "20334": "The colony is Massachusetts.\nThe Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony. The answer is D.", "20337": "Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The answer is A.", "20339": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. Look for the box that is heavier.\nA box holding 40 pounds is heavier than a box holding 30 pounds. So, the box holding 40 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box. The answer is A.", "20340": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed. Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 115 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the lowest speed. The answer is A.", "20347": "A dragonfly is an insect. Like other insects, a dragonfly has an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is a hard covering on the outside of an animal's body. The answer is B.", "20349": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "20351": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nThe modern sport of golf developed in Scotland in the late 1400 s.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about golf.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nGolf is possibly the dumbest sport that was ever invented.\nDumb shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a sport dumb. The answer is A.", "20368": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.\nSo, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "20381": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nThese pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.\nThe magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is C.", "20382": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "20383": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Minnesota is farthest west. The answer is D.", "20384": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. All three fish tanks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 76\u00b0F fish tank is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy. The answer is A.", "20399": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense. A crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nButterflies are living things.\nButterflies grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Butterflies are made up of many cells.\nA rain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But rain does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food. The answer is C.", "20407": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.\nClassification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A cassowary is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nCassowaries have wings, but they cannot fly! They can run very fast.\nA red howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old! The answer is A.", "20413": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is A.", "20416": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "20421": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is A.", "20427": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nThe baker split the cookie in half, and crumbs fell to the floor. The answer is B.", "20430": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.\nIn a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. The answer is C.", "20438": "Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The answer is A.", "20440": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming. The answer is B.", "20441": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. We danced for hours we were tired is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We danced for hours and We were tired. The answer is B.", "20470": "Look at the map below. It labels ancient Egypt and other ancient civilizations.\nThe symbol for ancient Egypt is B. The answer is A.", "20471": "Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The answer is C.", "20475": "A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:\nAn increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.\nA decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. The answer is A.", "20490": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a dose of cough syrup is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "20495": "An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.\nAn organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.\nScientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Cybister sugillatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.\nSo, Cybister sugillatus is the scientific name. The answer is B.", "20498": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that ferrets are wonderful pets because more people are keeping ferrets. However, even though more people are keeping ferrets, that doesn't necessarily mean that ferrets are the best pets. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. The answer is B.", "20500": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait. The answer is A.", "20503": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\" A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Wizard of Oz**. The answer is B.", "20505": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut log.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is B.", "20506": "The answer is C.", "20507": "The colony is New Jersey. The answer is B.", "20514": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait. The answer is A.", "20518": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. The answer is C.", "20522": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 14 meters.\n14 kilometers is too long. The answer is A.", "20527": "Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The answer is D.", "20535": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the cell wall is the outer cell layer. The cell wall helps the cell keep its shape and can help the cell survive. The cell wall is made of a material called cellulose.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\nThe mitochondria break down sugar and release energy that the cell can use. The vacuoles store nutrients, such as sugar, in the cell. Vacuoles also store water and waste.\nThe nucleus is the master control center for cell activities. The nucleus sends signals and instructions to different parts of the cell. Not every cell has a nucleus, but most plant and animal cells have one. The chromosomes are structures in the nucleus. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell. The cell wall is the outer cell layer. The cell wall helps the cell keep its shape and can help the cell survive. The cell wall is made of a material called cellulose. The answer is C.", "20539": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 34 centimeters.\n34 meters and 34 kilometers are both too long. The answer is A.", "20542": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The stuffed rabbit and the rubber ball are not hard.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All three objects are stretchy.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is stretchy. The answer is A.", "20552": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The arron is not rough.\nA soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The arron is soft. The answer is B.", "20554": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIn a Punnett square, each box represents a different outcome, or result. Each of the four outcomes is equally likely to happen. Each box represents one way the parents' alleles can combine to form an offspring's genotype. Because there are four boxes in the Punnett square, there are four possible outcomes.\nAn event is a set of one or more outcomes. The probability of an event is a measure of how likely the event is to happen. This probability is a number between 0 and 1, and it can be written as a fraction:\nprobability of an event = number of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes\nYou can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that a cross will produce certain offspring. For example, the Punnett square below has two boxes with the genotype Ff. It has one box with the genotype FF and one box with the genotype ff. This means there are two ways the parents' alleles can combine to form Ff. There is one way they can combine to form FF and one way they can combine to form ff.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nConsider an event in which this cross produces an offspring with the genotype ff. The probability of this event is given by the following fraction:\nnumber of ways the event can happen / number of equally likely outcomes = number of boxes with the genotype ff / total number of boxes = 1 / 4. The answer is E.", "20559": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Sidney wants or needs:\nSidney will give up the chance to eat the vanilla custard. Sidney thinks vanilla custard would have tasted better than string cheese will. The answer is B.", "20561": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read? The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by fixing run-on sentences.\nFor example, the writer could divide each of the underlined run-on sentences into two complete sentences.\nWhen I'm asked to name my favorite teacher, I immediately think of Mr. Sweeney. In fifth grade, Mr. Sweeney taught us all about architecture he had the class start by learning to measure things very accurately. We studied environmentally friendly building methods, and we designed and built our own homes of the future. Mr. Sweeney was always fun and interesting, he believed that we could do more than we thought we could do. He helped me break boundaries in my life, he was a positive influence on me and will always be one of the most inspirational people in my life. The answer is B.", "20565": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. An empty cup is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.\nWhen you fill a cup with water, the cup still has its own size and shape. The water takes the shape of the cup, but the cup does not change shape. The answer is A.", "20567": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.\nBecause the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. The answer is C.", "20568": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is B.", "20574": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. The answer is A.", "20582": "People form governments for two main reasons.\nGovernments come up with laws, or rules, for a community. Laws help keep people safe and fair. For example, traffic laws make it safe to drive, and laws against bullying can make a community a better place to live.\nLaws can tell people how to work together and settle disagreements. How? Think about a team sport like soccer. The rules tell the players how to play together. For example, rules say which team should get the ball when it goes out of bounds. Laws work the same way in a community. The answer is A.", "20584": "The colony is Pennsylvania. The answer is C.", "20592": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is A.", "20600": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own. The answer is A.", "20602": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhere Darnel lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Darnel lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "20604": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Arkansas is farthest south. The answer is C.", "20632": "Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The answer is A.", "20634": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. A seed can germinate and grow into a new plant.\nThe new plant can grow male and female cones. But a seed does not grow into a male cone or a female cone. The answer is B.", "20636": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night. The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Emma's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked. The answer is B.", "20643": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nHomer Simpson repeats the words I want at the beginning of each sentence. The answer is A.", "20647": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA rough-skinned newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA rough-skinned newt has the traits of an amphibian. A rough-skinned newt is an amphibian.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Bengal tiger is a mammal. The answer is A.", "20648": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. The answer is B.", "20666": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. All three objects are bumpy.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The tree bark and the log are not shiny.\nA bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy.\nThe property that all three objects have in common is bumpy. The answer is A.", "20669": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.\nDifferent objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object.\nFor each object, decide if it has that property.\nA stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The spring is stretchy, but the helium balloons, the rainbow sucker, and the silver ring are not.\nYou can see clearly through a transparent object. The helium balloons are transparent, but the spring is not.\nA shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The silver ring is shiny, but the helium balloons are not.\nThe property that all four objects have in common is stretchy. The answer is A.", "20674": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected. The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed. The answer is B.", "20675": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic. The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nO wind is a direct address to the wind, a nonhuman entity. The answer is A.", "20677": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and organisms that can survive in water or soil. So, the Pantanal has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients. The Pantanal has a few types of organisms. But the soil is not poor in nutrients. The answer is B.", "20690": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the Shahs' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem. The answer is A.", "20694": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, join. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. The answer is C.", "20699": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is not between the guide words base - bury, it would not be found on that page. The answer is B.", "20701": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "20703": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is A.", "20709": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is C.", "20710": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long. The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long. The answer is D.", "20712": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\" This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nShe stood against the kitchen sink, and looked\nOver the sink out through a dusty window\nAt weeds the water from the sink made tall.\nShe wore her cape; her hat was in her hand. The answer is A.", "20721": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (ASAP).\nThe first sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal. The answer is B.", "20722": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.\nWhether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.\nHere are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.\nIf opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.\nIf the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.\n To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.\nThe north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. The answer is B.", "20729": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear. The answer is A.", "20732": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Better Homes and Gardens. The answer is B.", "20734": "This state is Virginia. The answer is C.", "20742": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 25\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy. The answer is A.", "20745": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 24 tons.\n24 ounces and 24 pounds are both too light. The answer is C.", "20747": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower. The answer is B.", "20749": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A painted stork is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nStorks wade in shallow water to look for food. Storks eat fish, insects, worms, and other small animals.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping. The answer is B.", "20751": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is B.", "20758": "People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.\nImagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.\nFirst, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.\nThen, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.\nTests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. The answer is B.", "20762": "Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food.\nProducers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer.\nConsumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food. In this food chain, the amphipod is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The amphipod in this food chain eats the zooplankton. The answer is A.", "20770": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers. Boba's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Boba's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Boba's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBoba's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur. The answer is B.", "20779": "Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.\nThe first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.\nA genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.\nTogether, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.\nBoth bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.\n A palmate newt's scientific name is Lissotriton helveticus. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton.\nTaricha torosa is in the genus Taricha. The first word of its scientific name is Taricha. So, Taricha torosa and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same genus.\nAmbystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Lissotriton helveticus are not in the same genus.\nLissotriton vulgaris is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton vulgaris and Lissotriton helveticus are in the same genus. The answer is C.", "20782": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Louie's observable version of the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks. So, Louie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks. The answer is A.", "20788": "Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?\nHow do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nIf an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.\nIf an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.\nA Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.\nFor example, consider the Punnett square below.\n | F | f\nF | FF | Ff\nf | Ff | ff\nThere is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.\n To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with vestigial wings or normal wings, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the wing type trait. The question tells you that the n allele, which is for vestigial wings, is recessive to the N allele, which is for normal wings.\nVestigial wings is the recessive allele's version of the wing type trait. A fruit fly with the recessive version of the wing type trait must have only recessive alleles for the wing type gene. So, offspring with vestigial wings must have the genotype nn.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype nn. These boxes are highlighted below.\nNormal wings is the dominant allele's version of the wing type trait. A fruit fly with the dominant version of the wing type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the wing type gene. So, offspring with normal wings must have the genotype NN or Nn.\nThere are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype NN or Nn. These boxes are highlighted below.\nSo, the expected ratio of offspring with vestigial wings to offspring with normal wings is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with vestigial wings for every 2 offspring with normal wings. The answer is D.", "20794": "Ethan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Irma was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.\nEthan has tomatoes. Irma has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. The answer is C.", "20802": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. The answer is A.", "20806": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince parent is not between the guide words president - public, it would not be found on that page. The answer is A.", "20815": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nA penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches silver, the silver turns into a different type of matter. This matter makes a different type of silver tarnish.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is C.", "20820": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nBoth magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is B.", "20829": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "20842": "Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The answer is D.", "20848": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits. Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Shelby's hair color is an inherited trait. The answer is B.", "20849": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Florida manatee has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hairs on its body.\nA Florida manatee has the traits of a mammal. A Florida manatee is a mammal.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A barn owl is a bird. The answer is B.", "20851": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy. The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same temperature. So, the colder brick has less thermal energy. The answer is B.", "20854": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind. The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Keith that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Keith. The answer is A.", "20860": "The answer is C.", "20864": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nScientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide.\nIn a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether calcium oxide is an elementary substance or a compound.\nStep 1: Interpret the model.\n.\nUse the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.\nYou can see from the model that calcium oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and calcium atoms bonded together.\nStep 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.\nYou know from Step 1 that calcium oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and calcium. Since calcium oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, calcium oxide is a compound. The answer is B.", "20866": "Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it.\nSedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface.\nMetamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Phyllite is a metamorphic rock. Like other metamorphic rocks, it forms when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure.\nHeat and pressure can change the type and arrangement of minerals in a rock. This change forms a new rock with different properties. Phyllite can form when sedimentary rocks such as slate are changed by heat and pressure. The answer is C.", "20883": "Helena is the capital of Montana. The answer is D.", "20887": "An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.\nThe shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the common loon.\nThe common loon has a wide, flat beak. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The common loon can use its beak to grab the slippery body of a fish underwater.\nNow look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.\nThe common kingfisher has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish.\nThe European robin has a short, thick beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch fish. The European robin uses its beak to eat insects and worms. The answer is A.", "20888": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nOn average, the coldest month in Hof, Iceland, is January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature in Hof, Iceland. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "20889": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Antarctica. The answer is C.", "20890": "When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.\nSometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.\nMany of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. This organism's scientific name refers to Georg Wilhelm Steller.\nThe word stelleri refers to Steller. So, the Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri. The answer is A.", "20891": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy). The answer is B.", "20907": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it. The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect. The answer is A.", "20908": "An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object.\nThink about each property.\nA fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The ceramic plate is fragile.\nA scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The ceramic plate is not scratchy. The answer is B.", "20915": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state. Grilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Meat is made of animal cells. The cells are broken down into proteins. These proteins are cooked by the heat. The result is a different type of matter that is not made of animal cells. The answer is B.", "20916": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A fireworm is a worm. Like other worms, a fireworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA moon jellyfish is a jellyfish. Like other jellyfish, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard exoskeleton.\nA common ostrich is a bird. Like other birds, a common ostrich is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is C.", "20917": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners. The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship. The answer is B.", "20922": "The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.\nThe kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.\nBecause the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. The answer is B.", "20924": "A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nSome objects are made of just one material.\nMost nails are made of metal.\nOther objects are made of more than one material.\nThis hammer is made of metal and wood. Look at the picture of the shoes.\nThe shoes are made of two different materials. The tops are made of rubber, and the soles are made of a type of plastic. The answer is B.", "20926": "This country is Haiti.\nDoes Haiti have any territorial disputes?\nHaiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them.\nNavassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve. The answer is A.", "20947": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "20948": "Sacramento is the capital of California. The answer is B.", "20949": "A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.\nThe concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.\nconcentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.\nUse the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.\nSolution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles. The answer is A.", "20950": "Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.\nA bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Cairo, look at the graph.\nChoice \"Jan\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Jul\" is incorrect.\nChoice \"Sep\" is incorrect.\nJanuary has an average monthly precipitation of about 15 millimeters. This is higher than in any other month. So, January is the wettest month on average. The answer is B.", "20952": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a Surinam horned frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA yak is a mammal. Like other mammals, a yak is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA peafowl is a bird. Like other birds, a peafowl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. The answer is A.", "20953": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that Erin must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Erin's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Erin is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. The answer is B.", "20967": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n The better estimate for the temperature of a warm swimming pool is 25\u00b0C.\n25\u00b0F is too cold. The answer is A.", "20970": "Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Atlantic Ocean. The answer is C.", "20979": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.\nSo, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. The answer is C.", "20982": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up. Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Silvergrove. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down. The answer is A.", "20984": "Dover is the capital of Delaware. The answer is D.", "20988": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink. The answer is A.", "20994": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! The answer is B.", "20995": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. The answer is B.", "20997": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bingo's observable version of the wool color trait is black wool. So, Bingo's phenotype for the wool color trait is black wool. The answer is A.", "20998": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.\nImagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured.\nFirst, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested.\nThen, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured.\nExperiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height.\nExamples of questions that this experiment can answer include:\nDoes soil type affect the height of daffodil plants?\nDo daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil?\nAre daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil? The answer is B.", "21000": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nDave went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus. The answer is B.", "21001": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it. Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon shorts would stretch more. If you pull the leg opening on a pair of nylon shorts, it will get wider. The answer is A.", "21006": "A filter is a screen that allows wanted materials to pass through but keeps out unwanted materials. A filter can be made of a variety of materials, including paper, fabric, and metal.\nMost filters are made of paper. The paper may be coated with a substance that makes it more effective at trapping unwanted materials. For example, a filter that is used in a chemistry experiment may be coated with a substance that reacts with the mixture being filtered. The answer is A.", "21009": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 12 milliliters.\n12 liters is too much. The answer is B.", "21014": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The cucumber plant has two alleles for bumpy fruit (F). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF. The answer is A.", "21019": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nLike other octopuses, a giant octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA robin is a bird. Like other birds, a robin is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. The answer is D.", "21020": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw. The first sentence states a fact.\nAustralia is a continent in the Southern Hemisphere.\nIt can be proved by looking at a world map.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nIt is hard to understand Australian people's accents.\nHard shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how difficult Australian accents are to understand. The answer is B.", "21025": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service. To decide whether picking apples is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs picking apples something you can touch? No.\nIs picking apples a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, picking apples is a service. The answer is B.", "21041": "The colony is Virginia.\nThe Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. The answer is A.", "21044": "Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana. The answer is D.", "21048": "Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant.\nIn this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables.\nThe amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others.\nThe number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment. The answer is A.", "21052": "A flower smells good.\nA flower can come in many colors.\nA flower grows in a garden. The answer is A.", "21053": "An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.\nA permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.\nThe function of a protein depends on its structure. So, if a mutation in a gene changes a protein's structure, the mutation may also change the protein's function.\nAn organism's observable traits are affected by the functions of its proteins. So, a gene mutation that affects a protein's function may also affect an organism's observable traits. A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.\nSo, the mutation in the KRT13 gene affected the structure and function of the keratin protein. The answer is A.", "21062": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that taking the school's Advanced Computer Science class must lead to a computer science major. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, a student might take the class just to learn about computer science. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation. The answer is C.", "21063": "This country is Dominica. The answer is D.", "21064": "Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The answer is A.", "21070": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Africa. The answer is B.", "21076": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA European green toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. The answer is A.", "21083": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. The answer is B.", "21087": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Jersey is farthest east. The answer is B.", "21090": "This country is Antigua and Barbuda. The answer is D.", "21117": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. The answer is A.", "21121": "Olympia is the capital of Washington. The answer is D.", "21128": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the text carefully.\nWhere Nicole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Nicole lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. The answer is B.", "21133": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The helium in balloons is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space.\nThe helium in balloons expands to fill all the space in the balloon. When the balloon is popped, the helium expands to fill a much larger space. The answer is A.", "21135": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object. To determine if there is a net force on Kimi, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Kimi down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Kimi up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kimi. The answer is A.", "21136": "Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.\nThe strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.\nYou can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.\nMagnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.\nMagnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. The answer is A.", "21137": "Austin is the capital of Texas. The answer is B.", "21140": "Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.\nScientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. The answer is A.", "21144": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully.\nIt was clear and sunny yesterday on the Croatian coast.\nThis passage tells you about the cloud cover in Croatia yesterday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. The answer is A.", "21146": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling. The answer is D.", "21147": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n The text argues that the teacher won't give tests because some students won't study for them. However, this isn't a reason not to give tests. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy. The answer is B.", "21149": "This state is Ohio. The answer is A.", "21153": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nDale was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Dale, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Dale. The answer is A.", "21159": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins. The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nJoel took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain. The answer is A.", "21166": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. Chocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.\nIf you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space. The answer is B.", "21189": "This country is Saint Kitts and Nevis. The answer is B.", "21191": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America. The answer is A.", "21192": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is South America. The answer is B.", "21195": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince president is between the guide words pad - poison, it would be found on that page. The answer is A.", "21196": "Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.\nA compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.\nThe north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Illinois is farthest west. The answer is B.", "21199": "A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe. The answer is B.", "21200": "A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.\nThe direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.\nThe direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The bulldozer pushes the dirt. The direction of the push is away from the bulldozer. The answer is A.", "21206": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside. This book explains the difference between cattle and buffalo is a complete sentence. The subject is this book, and the verb is explains. The answer is B." } } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/review/review_alpaca-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"review_id": "QM5m5nnioWr8M2LFHsaQvu", "question_id": 1, "answer1_id": "kEL9ifUHDeYuAXzevje2se", "answer2_id": "cV4zXygaNP6CXEsgdHMEqz", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information on improving time management skills. Assistant 1 gave a concise overview of the key points, such as setting priorities, breaking tasks into smaller chunks, and using technology. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and structured response, with a numbered list of tips and more specific advice, such as using a calendar or planner and practicing self-discipline. While both answers were accurate and useful, Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZQTBtt5M3mHEdJErvBnvho", "question_id": 2, "answer1_id": "VcF3NrWGXhhxLkDVurNrwq", "answer2_id": "3zpPUeoVsPWXtKMV7cAhZ6", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question about effective ways to deal with stress. Assistant 1 mentioned identifying and avoiding sources of stress, developing healthy coping mechanisms, relaxation techniques, and taking care of mental and physical health. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed list of specific strategies, such as exercise, mindfulness, social support, healthy eating, good sleep, time management, relaxation techniques, and seeking professional help. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and provided more actionable advice, which is why it received a higher score. However, both answers were accurate and relevant to the question.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "NScFF3JiZuLiNEu2YGWFbC", "question_id": 3, "answer1_id": "LpvtyQi9QdSgRrgGDxiGrT", "answer2_id": "6xpiZJE4vxxGqjRogPfBk7", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information about the differences between Python and JavaScript. Assistant 1 mentioned syntax, structure, application types, and the fact that Python is a compiled language while JavaScript is interpreted. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and organized response, covering syntax, data types, error handling, libraries, use cases, and speed. Assistant 1 incorrectly stated that Python is a compiled language, while it is actually an interpreted language like JavaScript. Assistant 2's response was more accurate and comprehensive, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "9SCFcM2koGViowZd2gbdoe", "question_id": 4, "answer1_id": "7zQm8cSTJhPtPdZdxbcfrX", "answer2_id": "abitTVu2Dz8rdMxyThvFyJ", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information on increasing productivity while working from home. Assistant 1 offered a slightly more detailed response, with nine tips compared to Assistant 2's seven tips. Both assistants covered essential points, such as establishing a routine, creating a dedicated workspace, eliminating distractions, and taking breaks. However, Assistant 1 also mentioned setting goals, tracking progress, and unplugging, which added more value to the response. Assistant 2's response was still helpful, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive, which is why Assistant 1 receives a 9 and Assistant 2 receives an 8.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hHSZygAJV8sC9WuyV3UoKx", "question_id": 5, "answer1_id": "UrLEH82RHwqqLt2LyvYSKj", "answer2_id": "UMZod8JaWia9KB2EVXdYrF", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the basics of quantum computing. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of quantum computing, its potential, and its applications. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, explaining the concept of qubits and different approaches to building quantum computers. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PK7fcxBPUfD9DPqSiZd8an", "question_id": 6, "answer1_id": "fpRdMTdnfirosQixuf2Gez", "answer2_id": "WXRCqF34f4UUJzd3xbgAqT", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the differences between plant-based and animal-based protein sources. Assistant 1 focused on the nutritional aspects, such as fat, calories, cholesterol, and resource usage. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing nutritional value, absorption, sustainability, health effects, ethical considerations, and cost. Assistant 2's answer is more comprehensive and covers a wider range of aspects, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2cPJ5uF4r6z4EWKucgUdxs", "question_id": 7, "answer1_id": "PvGmsCJSNFcvQKmPTnnd7s", "answer2_id": "JREJbG5ZKXCNMoWoiJQxbC", "text": "8 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question about developing critical thinking skills. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of what critical thinking involves, which is useful for understanding the concept. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and comprehensive list of 10 tips for improving critical thinking skills, making it a more valuable response for someone looking to develop these skills. Assistant 2's answer also covered a wider range of strategies, such as active listening, seeking diverse viewpoints, and practicing mindfulness, which contributes to its higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2P68gHgTycYPveTkXFmJ2V", "question_id": 8, "answer1_id": "n4ANAbpR3gvLPP8poPfKZ6", "answer2_id": "mmVwmX6TGJ2Y72gCNac4EQ", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the challenges faced by the education sector today. Assistant 1's response was more concise, but it still covered a good range of challenges. Assistant 2's response was more detailed and organized, presenting the challenges in a numbered list format, which made it easier to understand and follow. Assistant 2 also touched on some additional aspects, such as accountability and assessment, and sustainability, which added more depth to the answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score due to the better organization and additional details provided.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "KT5tYQWeruK84zYBEDifhA", "question_id": 9, "answer1_id": "STJ36GrgQMcaUi7zaoNPit", "answer2_id": "DMTZyzd4rRAFV43xtBJ9ns", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the primary factors that influence consumer behavior. Assistant 1 mentioned cultural, social, and personal factors, as well as advertising, marketing, and price. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, breaking down the factors into six categories: personal, psychological, social, economic, marketing, and product/service factors. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and organized, which is why it received a slightly higher score. However, both responses were informative and useful.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MAomLn7rTvxsZfGpv37ijQ", "question_id": 10, "answer1_id": "425SwYvqKPAXFGTYKXB7Cs", "answer2_id": "dETAsj4xHnUCSTkZezz8aM", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question about effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace. Both responses included a list of strategies with clear explanations, making it easy for the user to understand and apply the information. The level of detail in both responses was appropriate and informative. The slight difference in the strategies listed by each assistant does not significantly impact the overall quality of the answers, as both provided valuable insights and covered the main aspects of conflict resolution.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "di5wzaNZCApV85kfJyKtGH", "question_id": 11, "answer1_id": "VbNAuj6KAkMdLJQXMo22oK", "answer2_id": "C8ksZxg3LshMUWiLxPanbt", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the implications of using single-use plastic bottles versus reusable bottles. Assistant 1 focused more on the environmental aspects and briefly touched on human health, while Assistant 2 provided a more balanced view of both environmental and health impacts. Assistant 2 also organized the information more clearly, making it easier to understand the different implications. Both assistants provided a good level of detail, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FCat6rmvhMiL5B8DJdKysU", "question_id": 12, "answer1_id": "CNGqAeu2QJbQ4QGzHJDPdq", "answer2_id": "NeHhRc5P5uAU8eWSJBRkhG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information in response to the question about designing an inclusive and accessible public transportation system. Assistant 2's answer was slightly more detailed and organized, with a numbered list of factors to consider, which made it easier to follow and understand. Assistant 1 mentioned the integration with other services, which is an important aspect that Assistant 2 did not mention. However, Assistant 2 provided more specific examples of accessibility features and emphasized the importance of customer service, information and communication, and affordability, which are crucial factors in designing an inclusive public transportation system. Overall, both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and well-structured.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hg92jQt3a8qPSVTLESQmbh", "question_id": 13, "answer1_id": "E8w2qYqnm8iqCrSkUv62sz", "answer2_id": "KAJ7UVwu8oCKyxZj9j82pm", "text": "8 10\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about how governments can use fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and structured response, with specific examples and a clear distinction between fiscal and monetary policies. Assistant 1's response was more general and less detailed, which is why Assistant 2 receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6WZVJUT39icJDPALuZRbUN", "question_id": 14, "answer1_id": "8o5yMymfzo6kzmp9GK5MWr", "answer2_id": "NnWfaeRe8PmitgmV4u5fY8", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a general overview of the issue and suggested ways to overcome language and cultural barriers. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, outlining specific ways in which these barriers can affect communication and relationships, such as language differences, cultural norms, stereotypes, prejudice, and power dynamics. This additional detail and structure make Assistant 2's response slightly more informative and comprehensive, resulting in a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8kChSLEztqMSdQkV9HDtMw", "question_id": 15, "answer1_id": "kbJVEEsdsSScEq5Y5furr7", "answer2_id": "WiGpqKRRwWonwgU95piNNc", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on a variety of ways AI can be used in healthcare, such as assisting with diagnoses, analyzing lab results, automating administrative tasks, and providing virtual health coaching. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed response, discussing the use of AI in analyzing patient data, automating routine tasks, remote patient monitoring, personalized treatment plans, and medical research. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and provided a better understanding of the potential impact of AI on healthcare delivery, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "JQCpdYBgdJcDDVXWNgNAf8", "question_id": 16, "answer1_id": "CMUL5ULZuR7YC5EPzCBN2N", "answer2_id": "iangiZeex5ndxAXnWMrxBW", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about CRISPR-Cas9 technology, its potential applications, and ethical implications. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed response, including a clearer explanation of the gene editing process and the specific repair mechanisms involved (HDR and NHR). Assistant 2 also discussed a wider range of potential applications and ethical concerns. While Assistant 1's response was informative, Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and in-depth, which is why Assistant 2 received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "VzPqpgnivGDdXhWdxQyvvH", "question_id": 17, "answer1_id": "kEmDDQyNqSkyFihYEEBpuR", "answer2_id": "XnMRLphzYQX4QRNht7tbui", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about vaccinations and herd immunity. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of how vaccinations work and the concept of herd immunity. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed explanation of the immune response triggered by vaccinations and the importance of herd immunity for vulnerable populations. Assistant 2 also mentioned the critical threshold for achieving herd immunity and the benefits of vaccination for the community. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score due to the additional details and clarity provided in the response.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "DjcVQrARdkz8zZU4ahzuJb", "question_id": 18, "answer1_id": "Qs3grQsqFVGK9EVkCkf9PB", "answer2_id": "HZc37bwy646mRzbqSsDAob", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 gave a concise overview of the influence of social media platforms on news consumption and the potential implications for the spread of misinformation. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, outlining specific ways in which social media platforms influence news consumption and sharing, such as personalization, virality, amplification, filter bubbles, confirmation bias, and lack of fact-checking. This additional detail and organization make Assistant 2's response slightly more informative and comprehensive, resulting in a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "eHLHXtjjeVUMsFLeAoQtbM", "question_id": 19, "answer1_id": "kzZ6dKN7hkRWjqtdHr7Qns", "answer2_id": "iJrMatLrMdJyyqMx9uJ45a", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the influence of cultural, social, and economic factors on people's food choices and how this knowledge can be used to promote healthier diets. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed and structured response, with clear examples for each factor, making it easier to understand the different influences. Assistant 1's response was also informative, but it lacked the clear organization and specific examples that Assistant 2 provided.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "5BcjGdUzPQbMD5MKmAvtRR", "question_id": 20, "answer1_id": "DPPDG6YGFJij2GCmRL66PU", "answer2_id": "oVEHqDnDTEADZSFfKgFTZd", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a brief but clear explanation of natural selection and its role in evolution and adaptation. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed response, breaking down the process of natural selection into five steps and explaining each step's contribution to evolution and adaptation. This additional detail and organization make Assistant 2's answer slightly more informative and comprehensive, resulting in a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "XpFSu84sZ8tACx9WkBygF5", "question_id": 21, "answer1_id": "D62FjDb4nZANzPpfSfsiyn", "answer2_id": "WLAj4u59bj2oEXzahF79ek", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general introduction, while Assistant 2 offered a more detailed and immersive response, which better captured the essence of a medieval knight's introduction at a royal banquet. Assistant 2's response included a specific speech, demonstrating a deeper understanding of the context and the expectations of the situation.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "eqRG5G2adk4SQNsppwVVW6", "question_id": 22, "answer1_id": "k7E4NNw5kyj9DmvP5Pu2zb", "answer2_id": "fJPnM2XcRveW2zR4DDaeTb", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and engaging speeches to motivate a pirate crew to search for hidden treasure. Assistant 1's response was shorter and more focused on the excitement of the adventure, while Assistant 2's response was more detailed, providing a context for the speech and emphasizing the challenges and rewards of the journey. Assistant 2's response was slightly better due to its more comprehensive approach and the inclusion of a clear goal for the crew.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "XU7RnpgdvubdNHZ8ryeBNE", "question_id": 23, "answer1_id": "KFocjVCejYrU3YmLjAqoUF", "answer2_id": "fY4Xed6veWpcKfj5krZz8m", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and creative responses to the question. Assistant 1 gave a general description of how a Shakespearean character would declare their love, which was helpful and accurate. Assistant 2 went a step further by providing an actual example of a soliloquy, making it more engaging and detailed. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "64ayLmABqYNLkAVAj2MSrF", "question_id": 24, "answer1_id": "dq8Sm9djS7e7y9sG9vmMJf", "answer2_id": "LqFJA2JQbBXP77nkYjtrZK", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. Assistant 1 gave a more traditional superhero origin story, explaining that they were born with special abilities and learned to use them for good. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a unique origin story as an advanced artificial intelligence created by scientists. Both answers were detailed and engaging, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and creative, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "cfBjbHjZsP9rKVXVxEaZoC", "question_id": 25, "answer1_id": "XZ8fG8e6u7CyKd2moK6abe", "answer2_id": "WxCKcRstJPXTXnqEzSX3Hg", "text": "8 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate information in response to the user's question. However, Assistant 2's answer was more detailed and comprehensive, covering a wider range of technological advancements from various fields, such as fusion power, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, space exploration, quantum computing, and biotechnology. Assistant 1 mentioned some general advancements like time travel, intelligent robots, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, but did not provide specific examples or details. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score of 10, while Assistant 1 receives an 8.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "aoxUcPU7Z3swngyhGAsfrc", "question_id": 26, "answer1_id": "oKaXHfoK4pXwrefFWXmeA8", "answer2_id": "dgPJ7DvtFHD7mxtRwzM3vW", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief but relevant response, describing the winning play in a simple manner. However, the answer lacked detail and excitement that would be expected from a sports commentator. Assistant 2, on the other hand, delivered a more engaging and detailed response, capturing the excitement and tension of the final moments of the game. The answer provided a vivid picture of the winning play, the players involved, and the emotions of both teams, making it a more immersive and satisfying response.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RPyrLb5gh3NCxy5HhUu3Qy", "question_id": 27, "answer1_id": "ZwiZfvDWm7SETKNBfDk7Mb", "answer2_id": "ADX83sWvjJkewJX6JmYUzQ", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and vague description of the signature dish, which did not give a clear idea of what the dish is or its ingredients. The response was relevant but lacked detail and creativity. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a detailed, creative, and engaging description of the signature dish, including the name of the dish, the ingredients, the flavors, and the presentation. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2hn8AqjvpXzHXKu2P69mco", "question_id": 28, "answer1_id": "DxYopRe2LcTJMy3FWu6btd", "answer2_id": "ihNG3rwsrt95NDhCAFeSDR", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and detailed responses to the question. Assistant 1 focused on describing the emotions and the view from the top, which directly addressed the user's question. Assistant 2, however, went a step further by acknowledging its AI nature and providing a more comprehensive response, including the importance of proper training, experience, and equipment. This additional information is valuable for someone interested in mountain climbing. Assistant 1's response was good, but Assistant 2's response was more informative and well-rounded, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "QKzMYoFj48wZJPVjZnXD4V", "question_id": 29, "answer1_id": "WC3UJVh4jQ5RUkpcRMU98L", "answer2_id": "Gmhqf3z4LvVfwPNFJ89BKd", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and helpful answers, but Assistant 2's response was more detailed and organized. Assistant 1 briefly mentioned the challenges faced, while Assistant 2 provided a step-by-step description of daily life on Mars and elaborated on the challenges. Assistant 2's answer also touched upon the importance of communication with Earth and the psychological aspect of living on another planet, making it a more comprehensive response.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "F4eWAVuERss6hdsTXDT43V", "question_id": 30, "answer1_id": "gTvgn6ksDjGGgdprw6AG5A", "answer2_id": "gSwkKJCn6qDnNZond2xVJ3", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and detailed responses to the user's question. Assistant 1 described forming an alliance with other survivors, sharing knowledge and skills, and working together to stay alive. Assistant 2 went into more depth about the daily struggles, the process of learning new skills, and the importance of forming alliances with like-minded individuals. Assistant 2 also mentioned the need for caution when encountering dangerous characters and the determination to rebuild society. While both responses were helpful and accurate, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive and engaging answer, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "5T23NeQWsoTreXFBErzMfH", "question_id": 31, "answer1_id": "3q7giCk2BA3Ye4Tm9HC2iw", "answer2_id": "8RaBeMjxx2bCp2GKWv7YiP", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a decent response, but there was an error in the last sentence, stating that higher prices could indicate popularity among locals, which is not necessarily true. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and accurate response, covering various aspects of how to determine the popularity of a restaurant among locals or tourists, and also explained why this information might be useful. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and well-structured, making it easier to understand and follow.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "D4k3jKh84j9z9Vtpm3Emvw", "question_id": 32, "answer1_id": "hRGsxy86v26SC4yAQS29X4", "answer2_id": "C65PZkmAfFfWRs4bPhyKqg", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a few clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic, but their answer was not as detailed or comprehensive as Assistant 2's response. Assistant 2 provided a more extensive list of subtle clues, each with a clear explanation, making their answer more helpful and informative. Both answers were relevant and accurate, but Assistant 2's response was more detailed and precise, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bes2VMcdsy6n47zpvsiXGs", "question_id": 33, "answer1_id": "3n49A5ggJERfXYrLns3ZeU", "answer2_id": "4so4HTEjgDZKTqNAgkHHQX", "text": "8 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. However, Assistant 2's response was more detailed and comprehensive, covering a wider range of reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app. Assistant 1's answer was still useful and touched on some key points, but it lacked the depth and elaboration that Assistant 2's response provided.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2TkHUHRd2MeXpUgXUHHKFe", "question_id": 34, "answer1_id": "ErCpFtPuYVru4oTTk4WrxG", "answer2_id": "FCYaiexEzdoLFPAwvTgDDm", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on body language, eye contact, and engagement in the conversation as indicators of genuine interest. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, listing five specific clues to look for, including active listening, engaged body language, personal investment, authenticity, and follow-up. Both answers were accurate and relevant, but Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and provided a slightly higher level of detail, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LrvxJCFQDLW2c29FpmG9Xp", "question_id": 35, "answer1_id": "PTNoCRMZWoJk8HaKX7fW45", "answer2_id": "76EPQDh4ZNxBMGqED9LEFi", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good general overview of the benefits of shopping at small, locally-owned businesses, mentioning community support, personal experience, quality products, and local culture. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed and organized response, listing specific reasons and elaborating on each point. This made Assistant 2's answer slightly more informative and comprehensive, earning it a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "L25o9xkc8WhLLtG82XrVHc", "question_id": 36, "answer1_id": "n8cFs9KENNwZ4z3SR4iXTr", "answer2_id": "cvBg3gyCyDuyESof3YXhTE", "text": "7 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information on assessing the credibility of a source. However, Assistant 2's response was more detailed and precise, covering a wider range of factors to consider, such as objectivity, date of publication, and skepticism. Assistant 1's response was accurate but lacked the depth and comprehensiveness of Assistant 2's answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score due to its more thorough and well-rounded response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YXjoGG6fkh6RzQaxpscw7u", "question_id": 37, "answer1_id": "GzxL9mmEK5RzKqRbqBMUVC", "answer2_id": "kRgfUJ7qqkyZUnLd2fnnaX", "text": "8 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was helpful and touched on the main idea that people have different preferences for thrilling activities. However, Assistant 2's response was more detailed and comprehensive, offering various factors that can influence why some people enjoy being scared while others avoid it. Assistant 2's answer also delved into the complexity of the interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental factors, making it a more informative and well-rounded response.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fCgyimZZk3m5nMi3XaoEU9", "question_id": 38, "answer1_id": "QpoHFgb9SzwuaXQQUuBUQD", "answer2_id": "J3YuizKcHQ74ydNyCcwgwu", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the importance of observing interactions, addressing, handling disagreements, problem-solving, and nonverbal cues to understand cultural norms. Assistant 2 emphasized the learning aspect of culture through social interactions, the importance of observing appropriate and inappropriate behaviors, and the reactions and responses of others. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and provided a clearer example, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FeNNbc5tyYVh6RD8QGx9U5", "question_id": 39, "answer1_id": "Fxe6MS4GpP3LMDUwzY2cPA", "answer2_id": "abWLpFojLpNPfDGHpuRSUG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 briefly presented both sides of the argument, allowing the reader to understand the main points of the debate. However, Assistant 2 went into more detail, providing specific points to consider when forming an opinion on the topic, and discussing the benefits and risks of both space exploration and addressing Earth's problems. This additional information makes Assistant 2's response more comprehensive and informative, resulting in a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "K3bVpZDV4T29mFFZneZnFv", "question_id": 40, "answer1_id": "mJiQ2FGR4Xb8kmhZjharkw", "answer2_id": "Ki4fkJvsoSxuQeSoj2AcBG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 emphasized the importance of striking a balance between job creation and technological progress and suggested policies and initiatives to promote both. Assistant 2 also emphasized the need for balance but provided a more detailed explanation of the potential impacts of automation on jobs and the economy, as well as the benefits of technological progress. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8QQXLYPzxkhj3UvjehmJ3a", "question_id": 41, "answer1_id": "6Kph4RHRKEZ4YUoaHuEhBv", "answer2_id": "GRQjYgAapNAVqzuZR4KQpf", "text": "7 6\nAssistant 1 provided a more accurate and detailed response, explaining the purpose of blinking and giving a clear estimate of 50 million blinks in a lifetime. However, the response could have been improved by breaking down the calculation step-by-step. Assistant 2 provided a step-by-step calculation, but the blink rate used was incorrect, leading to an inaccurate estimate of 4,996,800 blinks in a lifetime. Additionally, Assistant 2 incorrectly stated that the blink rate during sleep is the same as when awake, which is not true. Overall, Assistant 1's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, while Assistant 2's response had some inaccuracies and a lower level of detail.", "score": [7.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hLQwp4DchSxBwsWUUBMYmM", "question_id": 42, "answer1_id": "WBwpBQwhxn5kxLDb7MschC", "answer2_id": "SB5a2AiK224hB927vkqvYs", "text": "4 9\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect and confusing answer, stating that a grain of salt contains 102.98 atoms, which is not a reasonable number for atoms in a grain of salt. The explanation provided was also incorrect and did not make sense. On the other hand, Assistant 2 provided a detailed and step-by-step explanation, estimating the number of atoms in a grain of salt based on the average size of a grain of table salt and using sodium chloride as an example. The calculations were clear and easy to follow, resulting in an estimate of approximately 7.13 x 10^27 atoms in a grain of table salt with a diameter of 50 \u00b5m. This response was helpful, relevant, accurate, and provided a sufficient level of detail.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Cvgm9KPXmNDHoT7HZ3nKnA", "question_id": 43, "answer1_id": "kf8nahQVci2ZLaYikagB7U", "answer2_id": "4XYycBrMiJgYKPof2P6xoe", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect number of lightning strikes per day (2000) and did not give a clear step-by-step explanation as requested. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more accurate estimate (100,000,000) and took the reader through the reasoning process, discussing the factors that contribute to lightning strikes, such as electrical charge, weather conditions, and location. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "BQpXVvTLQ8DwU5PbhkjavA", "question_id": 44, "answer1_id": "Gptgryd4o2dC8V5aqRmeJJ", "answer2_id": "fpoXWHHdpv7XNBTS2NRY6d", "text": "6 8\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect calculation and explanation, as the weight of the house was not accurate and the number of cubic feet of helium needed was not properly explained. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and step-by-step explanation, acknowledging the unrealistic nature of the scenario and using a more reasonable weight for the house. Although both answers were not perfect, Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "cpKEBBh27iBFMHF2DMhbmF", "question_id": 45, "answer1_id": "RfBWW8ZhdfTuTMb454Un4o", "answer2_id": "GRXWdnzLLzmeZRU67PMTb7", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided an answer with a specific number of text messages sent globally in a minute, but the source of the information is not mentioned, which makes it difficult to verify the accuracy of the data. The explanation also focused on the growth of text messages and the rise of instant messaging applications, but it didn't provide a step-by-step reasoning for the number provided.\n\nAssistant 2, on the other hand, acknowledged the difficulty in determining the exact number of text messages sent globally in a minute and provided a more detailed explanation of the reasons why it is challenging to track this information. Although Assistant 2 didn't provide a specific number, the response was more realistic and informative, explaining the complexity of text message communication.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "GZtTjxWteggtdMXqBr4QZd", "question_id": 46, "answer1_id": "neGgLYm47JvqN8qkw8VeoW", "answer2_id": "RTxk2jYsjYiiWMwcRjmfwu", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a rough estimate of 1 billion words spoken daily, but the explanation lacked a step-by-step reasoning and did not provide any sources or calculations to support the claim. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed step-by-step explanation, including an estimate of 100 billion words spoken daily, which was based on the world population and the average number of words spoken per person per day. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the limitations of the estimate and the factors that could influence the actual number. Therefore, Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed compared to Assistant 1's response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nnPgYU9HHowARyLhxQKKwm", "question_id": 47, "answer1_id": "KSePbzLwsYasR3aui4HU8h", "answer2_id": "2J2Et6W8u2kXLTUgfYrPxe", "text": "6 8\nAssistant 1 provided a general explanation of snowflake formation and mentioned that the number of snowflakes can vary depending on location and storm severity. However, the answer lacked a step-by-step reasoning process and did not provide an estimate for the number of snowflakes during a typical winter. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed response, explaining the factors that influence snowflake formation and offering a rough estimate based on average conditions. Although the answer still did not provide an exact number, it gave a clearer understanding of the factors involved and the complexity of estimating the number of snowflakes in a typical winter.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "CoqavHgbi2d4d9Xo9LWGZ5", "question_id": 48, "answer1_id": "SWWfLpP2gnWHLbYRZXNsW3", "answer2_id": "nSGoG9Z5g5VuCXgmQJJKrq", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided an estimate of 100 billion pages based on 130 million unique titles and an average of 200 pages per book. The answer was relevant and informative, but the source of the data was not mentioned, which affects the credibility of the information. Assistant 2, on the other hand, acknowledged the impossibility of providing an exact number and explained the reasoning behind their estimate. They used 13 million books and an average of 250-300 pages per book, resulting in an estimate of 3.25 billion pages. Assistant 2's answer was more detailed and transparent in their approach, which makes their response more helpful and reliable. However, both assistants provided different estimates, which may cause confusion. Assistant 2's response was slightly better due to the clarity in their reasoning, but both could improve by providing more accurate and up-to-date data.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MZLyQgMwXpVnFGWJxPjLU7", "question_id": 49, "answer1_id": "WaBwKYhs7eAG22qCGLH2j3", "answer2_id": "ScqJdUq9n5bp9qPv5WPqG5", "text": "6 8\nAssistant 1 provided a response that was relevant and somewhat helpful, but the calculation was incorrect and the answer lacked detail. The assistant multiplied the number of years by the length of a year, which is not the correct way to calculate the number of orbits. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and accurate response, taking into account the age of the Earth and the elliptical nature of its orbit. The explanation was clearer and more precise, leading to a better understanding of the reasoning behind the estimate. However, both assistants could have mentioned that the exact timing of the emergence of life on Earth is uncertain, which would affect the final estimate.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZgP6B6jZ2sgd8f6aDh3zLo", "question_id": 50, "answer1_id": "MfMJeE9om7qyBbqopHouf4", "answer2_id": "GdLFr88pCwsGpfRBRQQkyh", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a conservative estimate of several hundred thousand songs recorded throughout history, but the answer lacked depth and detail. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive response, discussing the history of music, the invention of recording technology, and the rise of digital music. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the difficulty in estimating the exact number of songs and suggested that there could be millions or even billions of songs recorded. This answer was more informative and took the reader through the reasoning step-by-step, which is why Assistant 2 receives a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3hFbcLp9xWWFD78soe4nEY", "question_id": 51, "answer1_id": "TjWPRDM6JFpPF8xeRptCKb", "answer2_id": "Sa7uNEbFGRFuXBAwau8sHS", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief response, mentioning that the Internet would have been primarily used by the wealthy and powerful and that it would have been slower and more expensive. However, the answer lacked depth and context. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and thoughtful response, discussing the technological and cultural context of the Renaissance period and how it might have influenced the development of the Internet. Assistant 2 also considered the potential limitations of the technology at the time and how it would have affected the Internet's evolution. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, with a higher level of detail.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PVxq9EuwZoGbUUbWBh5bi4", "question_id": 52, "answer1_id": "iR2tYTsWTFENEP7Qy9RgtX", "answer2_id": "T6Ar3cAEw3AmVVQTcCPp8N", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused more on the cultural aspects and the potential for the Aztecs to maintain their traditional customs, beliefs, and languages. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential impact on the Aztec civilization, the spread of European diseases, the economy, and the possibility of forming alliances with other indigenous groups. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2JxUhEFw64P59ZWvNWk5eH", "question_id": 53, "answer1_id": "AZdS8xAi3GwAmCqkNSnnwv", "answer2_id": "KiZQev5JEk2h6JYeQnFmtM", "text": "7 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and accurate information about the potential consequences of the Black Death not occurring in the 14th century. Assistant 2, however, offered a more detailed and balanced analysis of the possible outcomes, discussing both positive and negative aspects, as well as acknowledging the difficulty in predicting the exact course of history. Assistant 1's response was more speculative and focused on the positive outcomes, such as the Renaissance and scientific revolution occurring earlier. Overall, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive and nuanced response, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Y5QuvZeyyEXuBwBLmxqFVA", "question_id": 54, "answer1_id": "VmwifF2JD5osYKDTqv2ZRS", "answer2_id": "cYiyYKKXM3GXkrZHAbX83S", "text": "7 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the potential contributions Newton could have made in the field of biology, such as studying the human body and animal behavior. However, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive response, discussing Newton's actual contributions to various fields and acknowledging the difficulty in predicting his specific contributions to biology. Assistant 2's response was more detailed and balanced, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "DZ7peVvCwPsXCtHAtyJtwP", "question_id": 55, "answer1_id": "mUL5UPj3qDGaCriEjL2U3B", "answer2_id": "PQmMUdAAcBsAWmWaTvdHSU", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of the potential impact on the music world and the cultural influence of the Beatles. Assistant 2 went into more detail, listing several possible outcomes if the Beatles had never formed as a band. While both answers were accurate and relevant, Assistant 2's response was more detailed and provided a more comprehensive exploration of the hypothetical scenario, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6LfJJ8Yn6gcnrNQETUo3fm", "question_id": 56, "answer1_id": "dVdwUoVrAQJDuWxiodykiw", "answer2_id": "PorExChQ9VeYsPJptdgtsB", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a brief but clear response, mentioning the critical advantage gained by the Allies due to cracking the Enigma code. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential consequences of not cracking the code, such as the development of alternative strategies or technologies. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the difficulty in predicting the exact outcome without Turing's contributions. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score for providing a more comprehensive answer.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SA89EZJJozceMFCjAp36JK", "question_id": 57, "answer1_id": "EiNn9jjfy7dga6xfCtLtF8", "answer2_id": "249f6dSMwZRZVMmtxv6yDm", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the implications of the Suez Canal not being constructed. Assistant 1 focused more on the impact on international trade and navigation, while Assistant 2 expanded on the historical, political, and technological aspects of the canal's construction. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and provided a broader perspective on the topic, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZqQyfNvvEcnpPwJk3J2Uai", "question_id": 58, "answer1_id": "eqG9f2R9hXVyZrZMpcqAYq", "answer2_id": "nxa3m6kiAZwKgcMUBY8KYz", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of the possible outcomes if the Maya civilization had not collapsed, mentioning the potential for continued growth in various areas. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential impact on the development of other civilizations, the possibility of further scientific and technological advancements, and the potential changes to the political and cultural landscape in Mesoamerica. While both answers were informative, Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "U4AYzQWkwxdSDQT7aCEjHU", "question_id": 59, "answer1_id": "ex42CLEzDVC2TxAvMCtYQJ", "answer2_id": "DXFvhjCaKqQiBsFDCkXGMT", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 briefly mentioned the possible consequences of Columbus not discovering the Americas, such as the indigenous people living in relative isolation and the delay of European colonization. Assistant 2, however, provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential for the indigenous peoples to thrive and develop without outside influence, as well as the possibility of other European explorers eventually discovering the Americas. Assistant 2's answer also touched on the profound impact of Columbus's discovery on the world. Both answers were accurate and relevant, but Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and detailed, earning it a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PfbYXoERxbzzmrhe3K6gfH", "question_id": 60, "answer1_id": "RfFANSwHeCm3Pqe2AJ86Dk", "answer2_id": "BCUK5VcpZK26jMJ2UMgR3E", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the potential benefits of success for van Gogh, such as recognition, financial stability, and opportunities for collaboration. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential impact on his art, the possibility of exploring new techniques, and the pressures that might have come with fame. Both answers are accurate and relevant, but Assistant 2's response is slightly more detailed and comprehensive, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "S76jaMcti5vwnHtJqAW6zb", "question_id": 61, "answer1_id": "nzxdtWmgQhRkHeVAanVogZ", "answer2_id": "JHTKBrLVTp7bv5zW2uwYVW", "text": "6 9\n\nAssistant 1 provided a general description of the program but did not provide any code implementation. The description is clear and concise, but it lacks the actual code to solve the problem.\n\nAssistant 2 provided a complete C++ code implementation that reads a text file line by line and counts the number of occurrences of a specific word in the file. The code is well-structured, readable, and includes helpful comments. However, the program only checks if the search string is present in the line, not the exact number of occurrences of the word in the line. To improve the code, Assistant 2 could implement a more precise word counting mechanism that accounts for multiple occurrences of the search string within a single line.\n\nHere's an improved version of Assistant 2's code that counts the exact number of occurrences of the word in the file:\n\n```cpp\n#include \n#include \n#include \n#include \n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n // Specify the name of the text file you want to read\n string filename = \"example.txt\";\n\n // Open the file in binary mode for reading\n ifstream file(filename, ios::binary);\n\n // Set the string to search for\n string search_string = \"example\";\n\n // Initialize a counter to keep track of the number of occurrences of the search string\n int counter = 0;\n\n // Start reading the file line by line\n string line;\n while (getline(file, line))\n {\n // Create a stringstream to read words from the line\n stringstream ss(line);\n string word;\n\n // Read words from the line\n while (ss >> word)\n {\n // Check if the word matches the search string\n if (word == search_string)\n {\n // Increment the counter if the word matches the search string\n counter++;\n }\n }\n }\n\n // Close the file\n file.close();\n\n // Print the number of occurrences of the search string\n cout << \"Number of occurrences of search string: \" << counter << endl;\n\n return 0;\n}\n```\n\nThis improved version uses a `stringstream` to read words from each line and compares each word to the search string. If the word matches the search string, the counter is incremented. This ensures that the program counts the exact number of occurrences of the word in the file.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "72aGqhr2T2BS7oC25BsQoc", "question_id": 62, "answer1_id": "kRo6z5qmeiSM8Xz6BPJHLC", "answer2_id": "jyzD2deb9JAffRhhkk37r5", "text": "6 4\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-commented and easy to understand.\n- The function signature is clear and includes type hints for the input parameters.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The implementation is incorrect. The logic for updating the `results` matrix is not correct for the longest common subsequence problem.\n- The code initializes the first row and column of the `results` matrix to 0 twice, which is redundant.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the logic for updating the `results` matrix. When s1[i-1] == s2[j-1], the value should be results[i-1][j-1] + 1. When s1[i-1] != s2[j-1], the value should be max(results[i-1][j], results[i][j-1]).\n- Remove the redundant initialization of the first row and column of the `results` matrix.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The implementation is incorrect. The logic for updating the `dp` matrix is not correct for the longest common subsequence problem.\n- The code initializes the first row and column of the `dp` matrix to `float('inf')`, which is not appropriate for the problem. They should be initialized to 0.\n- The code does not include comments explaining the logic and functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the logic for updating the `dp` matrix. When str1[i-1] == str2[j-1], the value should be dp[i-1][j-1] + 1. When str1[i-1] != str2[j-1], the value should be max(dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1]).\n- Initialize the first row and column of the `dp` matrix to 0.\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality.", "score": [6.0, 4.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jadrVtHskPRvbZmHqZkVRE", "question_id": 63, "answer1_id": "7kj8odEE79UBdR4pT6u6TY", "answer2_id": "jPGHEfp7FxhDyvRA6qEN3j", "text": "7 9\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- Provided a valid regular expression for email validation.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- Did not provide a complete Python implementation.\n- No comments or explanation of the regular expression components.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide a complete Python implementation using the `re` module.\n- Add comments to explain the different parts of the regular expression.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- Provided a complete Python implementation using the `re` module.\n- Included a clear and concise explanation of the regular expression components.\n- Properly tested the regular expression with a sample email address.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The explanation of the regular expression components is slightly different from the actual regular expression used in the code.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Ensure that the explanation of the regular expression components matches the actual regular expression used in the code.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "J5F2uLKW8H38af5Xx2dBqo", "question_id": 64, "answer1_id": "UULZ4GLz9j9ot7tN7x3ySD", "answer2_id": "Ra9eTcAuNZPkPRnaHiQrak", "text": "4 6\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The explanation of the logic is clear and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The provided code is not in any programming language, it's just a description of the algorithm.\n- The algorithm itself is incorrect and doesn't use dynamic programming.\n- There are no comments in the code.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide actual code in a specific programming language.\n- Use a correct dynamic programming approach for solving the problem.\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is provided in Python, which is a widely used programming language.\n- The code is structured and easy to read.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not use dynamic programming, it uses recursion instead.\n- The memoization table is not used, and the code will be inefficient for large values of n.\n- The comments are not very helpful in explaining the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Implement a dynamic programming approach, such as using a bottom-up approach with a memoization table.\n- Use the memoization table to store the results of previous calculations to avoid redundant calculations.\n- Improve the comments to better explain the logic and functionality of the code.", "score": [4.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bBz3M9u9WMW5o9Qz8CELFx", "question_id": 65, "answer1_id": "Rh8P3bxSJx4p6nCZkSZBrh", "answer2_id": "5mbEFLEnEx8Cm2wEF8WAbM", "text": "8 10\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- Provides a clear explanation of how the binary search algorithm works.\n- Explains the process of repeatedly splitting the array and comparing the middle element.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- Does not provide an actual code implementation of the binary search algorithm.\n- Lacks examples or comments to help the reader understand the algorithm better.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide a code implementation of the binary search algorithm in a programming language.\n- Include examples and comments to help the reader understand the code and its functionality.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- Provides a complete and accurate implementation of the binary search algorithm in Python.\n- Includes a clear example of how to use the function with a sorted array and a target value.\n- The code is well-structured, readable, and efficient.\n- The explanation of the algorithm is clear and concise.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code lacks comments explaining the logic and functionality of each part of the algorithm.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality of each part of the algorithm.\n- Although not necessary in this case, consider providing examples in multiple programming languages for a broader audience.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MfWw7JKnvqVUUU8zTfuinz", "question_id": 66, "answer1_id": "R3aYUUtY46ht4ToU8US96x", "answer2_id": "KLbBzjbuwq4agAESQ9Wfpq", "text": "6 8\n\nAssistant 1 provided a general explanation of how to implement a queue using two stacks in Python but did not provide any code. The explanation was clear, but it would have been more helpful to include a code example.\n\nAssistant 2 provided a code implementation of a queue using two stacks in Python. The code is mostly accurate, but there are a few issues. The dequeue method is incorrect, as it should transfer elements from the in_stack to the out_stack if the out_stack is empty, and then pop the top element from the out_stack. The peek method should also return the top element of the out_stack if it's not empty. The enqueue method does not need to clear the out_stack. Here is the corrected code:\n\n```python\nclass Queue:\n def __init__(self):\n self.in_stack = []\n self.out_stack = []\n \n def enqueue(self, item):\n self.in_stack.append(item)\n \n def dequeue(self):\n if not self.out_stack:\n while self.in_stack:\n self.out_stack.append(self.in_stack.pop())\n if not self.out_stack:\n raise EmptyQueueError\n return self.out_stack.pop()\n \n def peek(self):\n if not self.out_stack:\n while self.in_stack:\n self.out_stack.append(self.in_stack.pop())\n if not self.out_stack:\n raise EmptyQueueError\n return self.out_stack[-1]\n \n def is_empty(self):\n return not self.in_stack and not self.out_stack\n\nclass EmptyQueueError(Exception):\n pass\n```\n\nOverall, Assistant 2's code was more helpful and closer to a correct implementation. However, both assistants could improve by providing more detailed explanations and comments in their code.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6FenkFD6ft3WRdxHCHLvvv", "question_id": 67, "answer1_id": "MQJFbH3KoFaSMmPgmK9LPa", "answer2_id": "ganAwetd9VTzEAiTtsskzX", "text": "6 8\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The explanation of the approach is clear and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code is not provided, only the explanation of the approach.\n- The \"found\" flag is mentioned, but it is not clear how it would be implemented in the code.\n- The approach does not account for duplicate elements in the arrays.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide actual code for the given problem statement.\n- Clarify how the \"found\" flag would be used in the code.\n- Consider handling duplicate elements in the arrays.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is provided and is easy to read.\n- The solution is accurate and efficient.\n- The example usage of the function is helpful.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code lacks comments explaining the logic and functionality.\n- The function name uses an escape character (\\) instead of an underscore (_).\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality.\n- Correct the function name to use an underscore (_) instead of an escape character (\\).", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "XK3729wYDvmpRCf34tDfL9", "question_id": 68, "answer1_id": "dBWqryuzG6BHRdPgrWWpbH", "answer2_id": "LG6szQ3cqNRzUjXtZtXG94", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nGiven f(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3, we need to find the value of f(2).\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 4 + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\n\nNow, I will examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2.\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe value of f(2) is 1.\n\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect answer without showing any problem-solving steps.\n\nAssistant 2:\nTo find the value of f(2), we need to substitute 2 for x in the function f(x).\n\nf(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3\n\nWhen x = 2, we have:\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 2 + 3 = 41 - 2 + 3 = 40\n\nAssistant 2 provided a detailed problem-solving process but made an error in the calculation: 5 * 8 - 4 + 3 should be 40 - 4 + 3, which equals 39.\n\nBased on the evaluation, I would give the following scores:\n\nAssistant 1: 1 (Incorrect answer and no problem-solving steps)\nAssistant 2: 8 (Detailed problem-solving process but with a minor calculation error)\n\nAssistant 2 performed better than Assistant 1.", "score": [1, 8], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "f68KKW2RJoZTVSnw49YSNe", "question_id": 69, "answer1_id": "W74byrCbE7XiJWjcPTZS7x", "answer2_id": "LHMnXGbSZubeZJcr5fgrte", "text": "First, let's solve the problem independently:\n\n3x + 10 = 5(x - 2)\n3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n10 + 10 = 5x - 3x\n20 = 2x\nx = 10\n\nNow, let's examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nx = 6\n\nAssistant 1 directly provided the answer without any explanation. The answer is incorrect.\n\nAssistant 2:\n1. Simplify the left-hand side (LHS) of the equation by moving all the terms to one side and the numbers to the other: 3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n2. Combine the terms on the left-hand side by subtracting 5x from both sides: 3x = -5x\n3. Simplify the left-hand side by dividing both sides by 3: x = -5/3\n4. Take the natural logarithm of both sides to get the solution in terms of the natural logarithm base e: ln|x| = ln|-5/3| = -5/3 ln|e| = -5/3 ln(1.414) = -5/3 ln(1.414) = -5/3 ln(1 + 1/1.414) = -5/3 ln(1.414)\n5. Exponentiate both sides to get the solution in terms of e: x = e^(-5/3)\n6. Rearrange the solution to get x in terms of Euler's number: x = e^(-5/3) = 1/1.414^(-5/3) = 0.5877\n7. Round the solution to the desired number of decimal places: x = 0.5877\n\nAssistant 2's steps are incorrect starting from step 2. The correct step 2 should be subtracting 3x from both sides: 10 = 2x. The rest of the steps are not applicable to this problem.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 1 (Incorrect answer, no explanation)\nAssistant 2: 3 (Incorrect answer, incorrect steps)\n\nBoth assistants performed poorly, but Assistant 2 provided a more detailed explanation, even though it was incorrect.", "score": [1, 3], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "5uv8eKWqXyF5mnNtY94s8f", "question_id": 70, "answer1_id": "7WC5quGKdv8hADCxWaWZ57", "answer2_id": "TGENVWL5iAYi4NCf5jAzKy", "text": "First, let's solve the problem independently:\n\nWe have two points (2, -2) and (10, 4). To find the length of the line segment, we can use the distance formula:\n\ndistance = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)\n\nPlugging in the values:\n\ndistance = sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2)\ndistance = sqrt(8^2 + 6^2)\ndistance = sqrt(64 + 36)\ndistance = sqrt(100)\ndistance = 10\n\nNow, let's evaluate the answers provided by Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe length of the line segment is 8 units.\n\nThis answer is incorrect.\n\nAssistant 2:\nThe length of the line segment is 17.973.\n\nThis answer is also incorrect.\n\nNow, let's assign scores to Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1: The answer is incorrect, and there is no explanation of the problem-solving process. Therefore, the score is 1.\n\nAssistant 2: The answer is incorrect, but the problem-solving process is mostly correct except for the calculation of (10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2, which should be 8^2 + 6^2 instead of 18^2 + 4^2. Therefore, the score is 5.\n\nIn conclusion, the scores are (1, 5) for Assistant 1 and Assistant 2, respectively. Assistant 2 performed better, but both assistants provided incorrect answers.", "score": [1, 5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "EgDTYCXZFp72ZuZcCV6duW", "question_id": 71, "answer1_id": "AZER7D3RKZ9F9SXHiMjdqM", "answer2_id": "kc9oytarvqyNVVfGZz93EL", "text": "9 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's request for a formal email proposing a joint venture. Assistant 1 provided a concise and clear template that can be easily adapted by the user. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and comprehensive email, including specific information about the proposed joint venture, such as the creation of a new company and the sharing of profits and losses. This level of detail may be more useful for the user, as it provides a more complete picture of the proposed partnership. Therefore, Assistant 1 receives a 9 and Assistant 2 receives a 10.", "score": [9.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oM8FHcZ8kPbM7tGizHcwJv", "question_id": 72, "answer1_id": "MSrdDafr77UvSHCnsPMSP3", "answer2_id": "NxstpvVEnGMny3jECtvrw2", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful and relevant resignation letter templates. Assistant 1's response was concise and to the point, while Assistant 2's response was more detailed and included additional information about the reason for leaving, the transition process, and expressing gratitude for the friendships and connections made. Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MzXdFKJbsMqVstCvErzqWL", "question_id": 73, "answer1_id": "hxkjUkDkXhGP78Vo74B4WE", "answer2_id": "XN9NBpeQJiQqGT5UYkys7N", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a helpful and relevant response by outlining the general structure and content of a formal letter of recommendation. However, Assistant 2 went above and beyond by providing a detailed and well-structured example of a formal letter of recommendation, which is more useful for someone looking to write such a letter. Assistant 2's response was more accurate and detailed, making it the better choice in this case.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "CxW72r26HgPCsswHbNuYG5", "question_id": 74, "answer1_id": "hv9jpG9PxeJ9AnFdNzH3Jv", "answer2_id": "3qMqAZcfHUVUTEJnMXT8Pw", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and helpful responses to the user's question. Assistant 1's response was well-written and conveyed excitement about the new software solution. However, Assistant 2's response was more detailed and included specific features of the software, which made it more informative and compelling. Assistant 2 also provided a clear call-to-action for scheduling a demo and contacting the company. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more effective in terms of providing information and engaging the reader.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3e75hkdfKi7hwXZs2ivgHv", "question_id": 75, "answer1_id": "X5BVHT5pFpWxB88SzERrEG", "answer2_id": "hMXjd228Mc8pnc7zgd2frG", "text": "7 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and generic apology, but it lacked important details such as addressing the customer by name, providing a subject line, and offering contact information for further concerns. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a well-structured and detailed email, including a subject line, addressing the customer by name, and offering contact information. The response from Assistant 2 was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Agvs9JSySKiqaGQ8sL7uD9", "question_id": 76, "answer1_id": "Af2SufKwvDBriNXnZX9UoP", "answer2_id": "gUEd9nNepqy8nsfbypscHx", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief overview of the video's content but did not provide a script for the YouTube video as requested. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and structured script that covered the history, cultural significance, and influence of jazz music. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oVeEakhRwe8muRqEj7cxBy", "question_id": 77, "answer1_id": "HVnqVdSGRwQfqSsiYxtTTn", "answer2_id": "nZZyn3SAvU8T2BVR73LMHC", "text": "7 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief overview of the travel blog post but did not actually compose the blog post as requested, resulting in a lower score. Assistant 2, on the other hand, composed a detailed and engaging travel blog post about a recent trip to Hawaii, highlighting cultural experiences and must-see attractions, which fully addressed the user's request, earning a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SkBRcfmYdX6ob8iV3FoCzW", "question_id": 78, "answer1_id": "8hcmmjzyMyhFJ8ZwqJJfvw", "answer2_id": "YM4qjUM5VfmWnzM3HXRB4G", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided captivating movie reviews for recently released science fiction films. Assistant 1's review of \"The Future is Blue\" was engaging and discussed the plot, characters, and special effects. However, it could have provided more details about the cast and the specific aspects of the special effects. Assistant 2's review of \"Beyond the Horizon\" was slightly more detailed, discussing the cast, their roles, and the unique personalities of the characters. Additionally, Assistant 2's review was more immersive, using phrases like \"transport you to a world beyond our own\" and \"interstellar adventure.\" Overall, both reviews were helpful and relevant, but Assistant 2's response was more detailed and captivating.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8bP4D7to6FqqtUz7MVnc4z", "question_id": 79, "answer1_id": "CU6gGfJqQmwZNxEG2n2Uda", "answer2_id": "WcbzNkzu5q66QkK92NxmGB", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a general overview of the podcast structure, touching on the main points of discussion. However, Assistant 2 went a step further by providing a more detailed and well-structured script, including an opening, segment breakdown, and closing. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and detailed, making it easier for the user to follow and implement the script for their podcast episode.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8MTGoSASS9dAp9UQwcSZ6p", "question_id": 80, "answer1_id": "5SWbCoLV6NRrq5RtWQK4jp", "answer2_id": "Tfm4f2mbpKJsa8MT6exs8D", "text": "8 10\nBoth assistants provided relevant and detailed responses to the question. Assistant 1 gave a brief but engaging review of the symphony concert, touching on the orchestra's performance, the conductor's passion, and the audience's experience. However, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive review, discussing specific pieces played, the conductor's leadership, and the emotional impact of the performance. Assistant 2's response also included more vivid descriptions of the orchestra's sound and the audience's reaction, making it a more informative and engaging review.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/review/review_bard_vicuna-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"review_id": "4CeMvEQyE6fKMJwvSLY3P4", "question_id": 1, "answer1_id": "3oW4JY265ZPJGTYi2CgRYF", "answer2_id": "cV4zXygaNP6CXEsgdHMEqz", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about improving time management skills. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, offering a few more tips and a more comprehensive approach to the topic. Assistant 2's response was also helpful and provided valuable advice, but it was slightly less detailed and did not cover as many aspects as Assistant 1's response. Both assistants did a great job, but Assistant 1's answer was more thorough and complete.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Y7PYc8sPHpCNzz3ZbYRSSy", "question_id": 2, "answer1_id": "CtDuDqypbL958TQork7v54", "answer2_id": "3zpPUeoVsPWXtKMV7cAhZ6", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question about effective ways to deal with stress. Both assistants covered essential points such as exercise, healthy diet, sleep, talking to someone, relaxation techniques, and seeking professional help. Assistant 1 mentioned taking a break, while Assistant 2 discussed time management, mindfulness, and social support. Both responses complement each other and provide valuable information for managing stress. Therefore, they both receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "mykCkmptr8smB9EHpa5p3v", "question_id": 3, "answer1_id": "jqb5c6eBeyVTFo7SsqxqHA", "answer2_id": "6xpiZJE4vxxGqjRogPfBk7", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the differences between Python and JavaScript. Assistant 1's response was more detailed and organized, covering a wider range of differences, such as typing, standard libraries, and execution methods. Assistant 2's response also covered important differences, but it was slightly less comprehensive and had a small inaccuracy regarding JavaScript being a statically typed language, which is not true, as JavaScript is dynamically typed. Overall, both responses were informative, but Assistant 1's answer was more precise and complete.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oY8uafD9mxTZUaXPcqbML5", "question_id": 4, "answer1_id": "P5rC8W6gTuD4aY6HR5HQj9", "answer2_id": "abitTVu2Dz8rdMxyThvFyJ", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate tips for increasing productivity while working from home. Assistant 1's response was more detailed, providing a list of 10 tips, while Assistant 2 provided 7 tips. Both assistants covered essential points such as setting up a dedicated workspace, taking breaks, and eliminating distractions. Assistant 1 went a step further by mentioning goal-setting, tracking progress, and being patient, which adds value to the response. Assistant 2's response was still helpful and relevant, but slightly less comprehensive than Assistant 1's.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dx2DdmmECCVayXHmgGCeDC", "question_id": 5, "answer1_id": "3uaqwfbwxtyDdqB8UVN3jM", "answer2_id": "UMZod8JaWia9KB2EVXdYrF", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the basics of quantum computing. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, covering key concepts like superposition and entanglement, as well as providing a clear explanation of qubits, quantum gates, and quantum algorithms. Assistant 2's response was also informative, but it focused more on the different approaches to building quantum computers, which was not specifically asked for in the question. Both responses were useful, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive and directly addressed the question, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "GCdusGJ8SwdTgNXtAbsDob", "question_id": 6, "answer1_id": "HTRJ5q97DrgzoSofxkgedz", "answer2_id": "WXRCqF34f4UUJzd3xbgAqT", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the differences between plant-based and animal-based protein sources. Assistant 1 provided a more detailed response, discussing the amino acid profiles, nutritional benefits, and health implications of both types of protein sources. Assistant 2 also provided valuable information, but the response was slightly less detailed and focused more on sustainability, ethical considerations, and cost. Both responses were informative, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "JDyKyTyaawWLZ7BRAXDF5X", "question_id": 7, "answer1_id": "EhhyKNc3m8c9tnxm8uPfmt", "answer2_id": "JREJbG5ZKXCNMoWoiJQxbC", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information on how to develop critical thinking skills. Assistant 1 provided a more structured list of tips, which made it easier to follow and understand. Assistant 2 also provided valuable tips, but the list was not as clearly structured. Both assistants covered similar points, such as asking questions, being aware of biases, and seeking diverse viewpoints. Assistant 1 mentioned practicing regularly, while Assistant 2 emphasized taking breaks and reflecting, which are both important aspects of developing critical thinking skills. Overall, both responses were informative and helpful, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more organized and easier to follow.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "C9yzkczwF2CxkXdY3MobUM", "question_id": 8, "answer1_id": "JQXPknRQd24NUPKZxi6RNf", "answer2_id": "mmVwmX6TGJ2Y72gCNac4EQ", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate answers to the question, addressing major challenges faced by the education sector today. Assistant 1 focused more on challenges within the context of schools, while Assistant 2 provided a broader perspective, including global challenges and issues related to curriculum development and sustainability. Assistant 2's answer was slightly more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it received a higher score. However, both answers were helpful and informative.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jZiBSzNUueinzWJdnpGnQm", "question_id": 9, "answer1_id": "Lb3C2xQKdLCqFj4v3rmaof", "answer2_id": "DMTZyzd4rRAFV43xtBJ9ns", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about the primary factors that influence consumer behavior. Assistant 1 provided a clear and well-organized response, with examples for each factor, making it easier for the reader to understand the concepts. Assistant 2 also provided a detailed response, covering similar factors but with the addition of marketing factors and product/service factors. However, Assistant 2's response could have been improved with the inclusion of examples, similar to Assistant 1. Overall, both assistants performed well, but Assistant 1's response was slightly better due to the inclusion of examples and a more organized structure.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fFMtZUKdXvBXus66ccinKv", "question_id": 10, "answer1_id": "DhuZJtL3jhnrsTBvDct9oV", "answer2_id": "dETAsj4xHnUCSTkZezz8aM", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information on conflict resolution strategies in the workplace. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, including a wider range of strategies such as time-out and arbitration, which were not mentioned by Assistant 2. Assistant 2's response was also helpful and relevant, but it did not cover as many strategies as Assistant 1. Both assistants provided clear explanations of the strategies they mentioned, making it easy for the user to understand and apply the information.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fgFeMYHm6fQNv9wpaj8uQG", "question_id": 11, "answer1_id": "mDSj4BKim2eANUnEjW7xBm", "answer2_id": "C8ksZxg3LshMUWiLxPanbt", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, with a clearer distinction between the environmental and health impacts of single-use plastic bottles and the benefits of reusable bottles. Assistant 2 also provided a good response, but the structure was less clear, and some points were repeated in different sections. Overall, both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 1's response was more organized and comprehensive.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "o6ptY7g5g9F3oeZf9wKNVs", "question_id": 12, "answer1_id": "MnkceSK7WwyXqAhbuKVYX7", "answer2_id": "NeHhRc5P5uAU8eWSJBRkhG", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and organized, covering a wider range of factors such as affordability, convenience, safety, and sustainability. Assistant 2's response was also informative, but it did not mention sustainability and integration with other transportation options. Both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7TRs4oVPcVxXc6gMQefJbq", "question_id": 13, "answer1_id": "EsyaBVpTN8BGbTSiFMnZUF", "answer2_id": "KAJ7UVwu8oCKyxZj9j82pm", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and organized, with a clear distinction between fiscal and monetary policies and their respective uses during a recession. Assistant 1 also touched upon the debate between the use of fiscal and monetary policies, adding depth to the answer. Assistant 2's response was also informative and accurate, but slightly less detailed and organized compared to Assistant 1. Both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and well-structured.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FYNEME2oyvHjL2LT8Syw6t", "question_id": 14, "answer1_id": "dX8M752A6tzqLg9KhwgG5p", "answer2_id": "NnWfaeRe8PmitgmV4u5fY8", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 provided a clear explanation of how language and cultural barriers affect communication and relationships in multicultural societies, as well as some suggestions for overcoming these barriers. Assistant 2 also provided a clear explanation, focusing on specific aspects such as language, cultural norms, stereotypes, prejudice, and power dynamics. Assistant 2's answer was slightly more detailed and comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score. Both assistants did a good job in addressing the question, but Assistant 2's response was more in-depth and covered a wider range of factors that can affect communication and relationships in multicultural societies.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "m9uQkWFCbpPzeY3DWpabXd", "question_id": 15, "answer1_id": "dzwhq5XbaEBVpargyczz9B", "answer2_id": "WiGpqKRRwWonwgU95piNNc", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more detailed response, with clear examples of how AI can be used in healthcare, such as diagnosing diseases, treating diseases, monitoring patients, and providing administrative support. Assistant 2 also provided a good response, covering similar points, but with slightly less detail and fewer specific examples. Both responses were well-structured and informative, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "U6SwUYVNiN3v9F3LyFWSJA", "question_id": 16, "answer1_id": "8zqxUtHxgtoHBkbf2bkqNW", "answer2_id": "iangiZeex5ndxAXnWMrxBW", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both explained the process of gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, discussed potential applications, and addressed ethical implications. The responses were well-structured and covered the main aspects of the topic, making it difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of overall performance.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hd3g9747kGPYxTRP4uHZfj", "question_id": 17, "answer1_id": "WJc37t4n5PqmKKS3V4eMG2", "answer2_id": "XnMRLphzYQX4QRNht7tbui", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both explained how vaccinations work to protect individuals and communities from infectious diseases and described the concept of herd immunity. Both responses mentioned the importance of vaccinations for protecting vulnerable populations, such as young children, pregnant women, and people with certain medical conditions. The slight differences in their explanations do not warrant a difference in their scores, as both responses are informative and valuable.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FXVS7QPg3oTcLEhdpC4426", "question_id": 18, "answer1_id": "CvVLf8FgoHywJy8j8JJ4qL", "answer2_id": "HZc37bwy646mRzbqSsDAob", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good overview of the influence of social media platforms on news consumption and sharing, as well as the potential implications for the spread of misinformation. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and structured response, listing specific ways in which social media platforms influence news consumption and sharing, and elaborating on the potential implications for the spread of misinformation. This made Assistant 2's response slightly more informative and easier to follow, resulting in a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fHksJvMWcNVHE2gkWLhUqk", "question_id": 19, "answer1_id": "P5rytR6vTJjxgWxRoxT3vX", "answer2_id": "iJrMatLrMdJyyqMx9uJ45a", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both discussed the influence of cultural, social, and economic factors on people's food choices and provided examples of how these factors can affect food choices. Both assistants also discussed how this knowledge can be used to promote healthier diets through targeted interventions, policies, and individual actions. The level of detail in both responses is sufficient to provide a clear understanding of the topic. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZkFeTQDFEpTsvxZdVAYpRv", "question_id": 20, "answer1_id": "5biCd7QRZP6rquaz8eC9Vm", "answer2_id": "oVEHqDnDTEADZSFfKgFTZd", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both explained the process of natural selection and how it contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species. Both assistants covered the key principles of natural selection, such as variation, differential reproduction, heredity, and the resulting changes in populations over time. The examples provided by Assistant 1 (giraffes and fish) and the additional point about stabilizing mechanisms by Assistant 2 added value to their respective answers. Overall, both assistants demonstrated a strong understanding of the topic and provided informative and comprehensive answers.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "GCoFg2g9EbRdJwgKUbZ6MF", "question_id": 21, "answer1_id": "363RwB6kr8nV6qFNdjXZnS", "answer2_id": "WLAj4u59bj2oEXzahF79ek", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 gave a clear and concise introduction, mentioning the knight's lord and the purpose of attending the banquet. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and immersive response, capturing the humility and loyalty of a medieval knight while also acknowledging their lineage and dedication to the kingdom. This made Assistant 2's response slightly more engaging and informative, earning it a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "QraPP8QES6Uhc6sTjkSw9o", "question_id": 22, "answer1_id": "gDnYxMu5Dd52xhMqQAJaZP", "answer2_id": "fJPnM2XcRveW2zR4DDaeTb", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and motivating speeches for a pirate crew to search for hidden treasure. Assistant 1 focused on the potential wealth and luxurious life that the crew could achieve, while Assistant 2 emphasized the spirit of adventure, overcoming challenges, and the crew's ultimate destiny. Assistant 2's response was slightly more engaging and inspiring, which is why it received a higher score. However, both responses were helpful, accurate, and detailed in their approach to the question.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "NNptX6gxfgPqh4F8FFoZin", "question_id": 23, "answer1_id": "kCV5RSrnmmTyv3HA5oU38P", "answer2_id": "fY4Xed6veWpcKfj5krZz8m", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. They both created a soliloquy that captures the essence of a Shakespearean character declaring their love. Both soliloquies used poetic language and imagery to express the depth of emotion and love. The level of detail in both responses is sufficient, and both assistants demonstrated a good understanding of the user's question. It is difficult to differentiate their performance, as both provided high-quality answers, so they both receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "D5bCSqsqxvaC6RNYEVNL29", "question_id": 24, "answer1_id": "CTGLYNAWrWeuCYZAR9bD2r", "answer2_id": "LqFJA2JQbBXP77nkYjtrZK", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a more traditional superhero origin story, involving an accident that led to superpowers, and emphasized the importance of helping others and being inspired by other superheroes. Assistant 2, on the other hand, presented a unique origin story as an advanced artificial intelligence created by scientists, with a focus on intelligence, adaptability, and a strong moral compass. Both answers were detailed and engaging, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more creative and offered a different perspective on what it means to be a superhero, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SJmVbKB9KZN8KVDQJBTfMm", "question_id": 25, "answer1_id": "Eh5qCENdftYf9JKrBspYna", "answer2_id": "WxCKcRstJPXTXnqEzSX3Hg", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the technological advancements from the year 3000. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and covered a broader range of advancements, such as fusion power, advanced nanotechnology, and quantum computing, which were not mentioned by Assistant 1. Assistant 1's response was still informative and accurate, but Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive overview of the advancements, which is why Assistant 2 receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hjH8swSeSBQuU69drFK8VE", "question_id": 26, "answer1_id": "M6hCe8Z4JDpt75HZ5PsSWr", "answer2_id": "dgPJ7DvtFHD7mxtRwzM3vW", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate descriptions of the winning play in the final seconds of a championship game. Assistant 1 focused on a football scenario, while Assistant 2 described a basketball situation. Both assistants provided a good level of detail in their responses. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly more engaging and vivid, painting a clearer picture of the emotions and atmosphere surrounding the winning play. This is why Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Z3BF4pSYekBJCWk5GrKRTB", "question_id": 27, "answer1_id": "QCDsmbALfut5758pyiKvc5", "answer2_id": "ADX83sWvjJkewJX6JmYUzQ", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and detailed responses to the question. Assistant 1 described a specific dish with its ingredients and preparation, while Assistant 2 focused more on the philosophy behind the dish and the overall experience it provides. Assistant 2's response was more engaging and immersive, which is why it received a slightly higher score. However, both assistants did a good job in portraying a world-famous chef describing their signature dish.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "d7AELTvSCLy9AZU4f9kPgG", "question_id": 28, "answer1_id": "NWUbhwZQCuXsuQimrjQRza", "answer2_id": "ihNG3rwsrt95NDhCAFeSDR", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and detailed responses to the user's question. Assistant 1 took a more personal and emotional approach, describing the feelings and emotions of a climber reaching the summit of Mount Everest. The description was vivid and engaging, giving the reader a sense of what it might feel like to be in that situation. Assistant 2, on the other hand, took a more objective approach, acknowledging its status as an AI language model and providing a detailed description of the emotions and views a climber might experience at the summit. Assistant 2 also included important information about the risks and challenges associated with climbing Mount Everest, which added value to the response. Both assistants provided helpful and accurate information, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive and informative, earning it a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "mozSNXxSeY7asAZQxdj9xV", "question_id": 29, "answer1_id": "VYwSjZrSLW9ZSvqryyjEaB", "answer2_id": "Gmhqf3z4LvVfwPNFJ89BKd", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a more personal and emotional perspective on the daily life of a space colonist on Mars, while Assistant 2 provided a more structured and organized description of daily activities. Assistant 2 also included more details about the Martian day and communication with Earth, which made their response slightly more informative. Both assistants addressed the challenges faced by colonists, but Assistant 2 provided a clearer and more concise list of challenges. Overall, both responses were of high quality, but Assistant 2's answer was slightly more detailed and organized.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "CrmHjPRFNPKCxFgUExqokF", "question_id": 30, "answer1_id": "FA7PXuUbEVGKHaWpxaimy8", "answer2_id": "gSwkKJCn6qDnNZond2xVJ3", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and detailed responses to the user's question. Assistant 1 focused more on the relationships with allies and their contributions to the character's survival, while Assistant 2 emphasized the character's adaptability and resourcefulness. Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, as it also mentioned encounters with dangerous characters and the importance of self-preservation, which added depth to the post-apocalyptic scenario. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fEViribrZXZzE72JCS4P4W", "question_id": 31, "answer1_id": "j5EV5cZNsn9DcF6WsvXRzS", "answer2_id": "8RaBeMjxx2bCp2GKWv7YiP", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both offered multiple ways to determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists. Additionally, they both explained why this information might be useful. The level of detail in both responses is sufficient to guide someone in making an informed decision about where to dine. It is difficult to differentiate the quality of the answers, as both assistants covered the necessary points and provided valuable insights.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "4ue6iA4VLVoK9wVzrY2niz", "question_id": 32, "answer1_id": "2eAYCYmwTkPa3ejQDv8LyB", "answer2_id": "C65PZkmAfFfWRs4bPhyKqg", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 listed several examples of behaviors that might indicate someone is pretending to understand a topic, while Assistant 2 focused on specific verbal and non-verbal cues. Assistant 2's answer was slightly more detailed and provided a clearer distinction between the different clues, which is why it received a higher score. However, both answers were informative and useful in understanding the subtle clues that suggest someone is pretending to understand a topic or conversation when they are actually confused or uninformed.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Muc5dWnrdUfzZZ9VRowc3a", "question_id": 33, "answer1_id": "d562WYnhsvgJ8J6Ubitmvw", "answer2_id": "4so4HTEjgDZKTqNAgkHHQX", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was more detailed, covering a wider range of reasons and specific situations where using a paper map or asking for directions might be the best option. Assistant 2's response was also informative, but it did not cover as many reasons or situations as Assistant 1. Both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "NwMq4vK6vSmnwnJRoMoYeo", "question_id": 34, "answer1_id": "hPMvV6zL2C4qTP4mRmhJwG", "answer2_id": "FCYaiexEzdoLFPAwvTgDDm", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful and relevant information on how to determine if a person is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite. Assistant 1 focused on body language, questions, responses, and trusting one's gut feeling, while Assistant 2 emphasized active listening, engaged body language, personal investment, authenticity, and follow-up. Assistant 2's answer was slightly more detailed and provided clearer examples, which is why it received a higher score. However, both responses were accurate and useful in addressing the user's question.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "C9S29Tffb2mHkjoU22D9bK", "question_id": 35, "answer1_id": "npWNeKceGyqCYaRpY4w54g", "answer2_id": "76EPQDh4ZNxBMGqED9LEFi", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both listed multiple reasons why someone might prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher. The reasons provided by both assistants were similar, with some overlap, but each assistant also provided unique points. Assistant 1 mentioned the aspect of feeling good about supporting a local family or community, while Assistant 2 brought up the point of prestige. Both responses were well-structured and informative, making it difficult to differentiate their overall performance. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZkpQT2dTNQjnYyrnNsz3D5", "question_id": 36, "answer1_id": "WVuaK9m8Sedcws27tNu7Ev", "answer2_id": "cvBg3gyCyDuyESof3YXhTE", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more concise and organized, making it easier to follow. Assistant 2's response was also helpful and detailed, but it had some redundancy in mentioning the reputation of the author and publisher, which the user specifically wanted to avoid relying on. Overall, both assistants provided valuable information and tips for assessing the credibility of a source, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more focused and well-structured.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8QFw8ef76yDDrwa55PMQ4x", "question_id": 37, "answer1_id": "HLtTf83Y5QRP4TxX6nw5TC", "answer2_id": "kRgfUJ7qqkyZUnLd2fnnaX", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the physiological aspects of why people enjoy being scared, such as the release of endorphins and adrenaline, and also mentioned the sense of control and accomplishment that can come from facing fears. Assistant 2 expanded on this by discussing brain chemistry, life experiences, personality traits, cultural factors, and learning as possible explanations for why people enjoy or avoid being scared. Both assistants provided a good level of detail in their responses. Assistant 1 received a slightly higher score because their answer was more concise and easier to follow, while still covering the main points. Assistant 2's answer was also informative, but it was a bit more complex and could be harder for some readers to digest.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "k29wLLwg4Axnvsa8FwGVM7", "question_id": 38, "answer1_id": "Fmdtexq6QQNuoqZkZfDURY", "answer2_id": "J3YuizKcHQ74ydNyCcwgwu", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was more detailed, providing three specific methods for observing cultural norms and expectations: identifying patterns of behavior, paying attention to reactions to violations of cultural norms, and talking to people about their culture. Assistant 2 also provided a good response, emphasizing the importance of social interactions in learning about cultural norms and expectations, but did not provide as many specific examples or methods as Assistant 1. Therefore, Assistant 1 receives a 9 and Assistant 2 receives an 8.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RtLULm2N2vxhVvB5poB6PQ", "question_id": 39, "answer1_id": "WxnC69jTMkyJvcqvMCgCwY", "answer2_id": "abWLpFojLpNPfDGHpuRSUG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 provided a clear list of potential benefits and costs of space exploration, as well as mentioning the ethical implications. However, Assistant 2 went a step further by not only discussing the benefits and risks of space exploration but also addressing the benefits and risks of focusing on Earth's problems. This additional information provided by Assistant 2 made the response more comprehensive and balanced, which is why Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dc2MRMPFttiwmvFkFbiqfi", "question_id": 40, "answer1_id": "npZdTFPRqZfoqzt5YurYEL", "answer2_id": "Ki4fkJvsoSxuQeSoj2AcBG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 discussed the importance of prioritizing both job creation and technological progress, and provided suggestions on how to mitigate the negative effects of automation on employment. Assistant 2 also emphasized the need to strike a balance between job creation and technological progress, and discussed the importance of policies and programs to address the social and economic impacts of technological progress. Both answers were detailed and well-structured. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive in addressing the potential impacts on jobs and the economy, and the need for policies and programs to mitigate these impacts, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "9adA4k9eHcdXaVNcKQQey6", "question_id": 41, "answer1_id": "iy9aa5sqFeNA2uPQZLpxEz", "answer2_id": "GRQjYgAapNAVqzuZR4KQpf", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided a detailed response with specific numbers for blinks per minute, hour, day, and year, and an estimate for a lifetime. However, the response did not take into account the variations in blink rates due to factors like age, stress, and illness. Assistant 2 provided a more thorough explanation, considering the time spent awake and asleep, and acknowledged that the blink rate could vary throughout a person's lifetime. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and took into account more factors, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "XQggwZdH9ihfMvtCaDNmn2", "question_id": 42, "answer1_id": "XAALo4GKWE3QNb7wbkWVNk", "answer2_id": "SB5a2AiK224hB927vkqvYs", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a reasonable estimate of the number of atoms in a grain of salt, but the explanation was not very clear and contained some errors in the calculation steps. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and accurate explanation, taking into account the size of the grain and the elemental composition of the salt. The calculation steps were clearer and more accurate, leading to a more reliable estimate of the number of atoms in a grain of salt. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, with a higher level of detail, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LvL4T9rGjgMg68HqsHnPmG", "question_id": 43, "answer1_id": "XRWjLnJNyGNMfktTvWpbRV", "answer2_id": "4XYycBrMiJgYKPof2P6xoe", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided a clear answer with an estimated number of lightning strikes per day and explained the reasoning behind the occurrence of lightning strikes. However, the explanation lacked information about the factors that can cause variations in the number of strikes, such as weather conditions and location. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed response, explaining the factors that can affect the number of lightning strikes and giving a more accurate estimate. Both assistants were helpful and relevant, but Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive and accurate explanation, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7w3V3u47cKQiwf2WUmesbQ", "question_id": 44, "answer1_id": "CHeyn9eR3u5eFq99UJ3pbB", "answer2_id": "fpoXWHHdpv7XNBTS2NRY6d", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided a reasonable estimate of the number of balloons needed to lift a house, but the explanation was not as detailed or step-by-step as requested. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed step-by-step explanation and acknowledged the impracticality of the scenario in real life. Both assistants mentioned the impracticality of the situation, but Assistant 2's response was more thorough and better addressed the user's request for a step-by-step explanation.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "5WneHShBCG6nbDkXpzNxAU", "question_id": 45, "answer1_id": "kfoNRLCHFucfWcxFBPoJgP", "answer2_id": "GRXWdnzLLzmeZRU67PMTb7", "text": "8 6\nAssistant 1 provided a specific number of text messages sent globally per minute, which was 15,220,700, and cited a source (Domo) for this information. The response also included reasons for the high number of text messages and the expected growth in the future. Assistant 2, on the other hand, focused on the challenges of determining the exact number of text messages sent per minute but did not provide any specific data or estimates. While both responses were relevant and accurate in their own ways, Assistant 1's answer was more helpful and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fUuJVJNRtdkKMKvrebQpLs", "question_id": 46, "answer1_id": "A4sDEGXpWaNVA39uRsDNjB", "answer2_id": "RTxk2jYsjYiiWMwcRjmfwu", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a detailed explanation of the factors that can affect the number of words spoken per day and estimated that the average person speaks about 7,000 words per day. However, Assistant 1 did not provide an overall estimate of the total number of words spoken daily on Earth. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a step-by-step explanation of how the estimate of 100 billion words spoken daily on Earth was arrived at, which included considering the world population and the average number of words spoken per person per day. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the limitations of the estimate. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score due to the inclusion of a total estimate and a more structured approach to the explanation.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "9vWUtqZJYaN3mvSgMgHah3", "question_id": 47, "answer1_id": "hUAc6BCs5NuY7tS62PPXbT", "answer2_id": "2J2Et6W8u2kXLTUgfYrPxe", "text": "7 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and informative answers to the question. Assistant 1 provided a specific number (1 septillion) for the number of snowflakes that fall each year, which is interesting but not necessarily applicable to a \"typical winter\" as the question asked. Assistant 1 also provided some information on the factors that affect snowflake formation and their shapes. Assistant 2, on the other hand, focused more on the factors that influence the number of snowflakes and provided a step-by-step explanation of the process, which was more in line with the question's request. While both answers were helpful and accurate, Assistant 2's response was more relevant and detailed, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "9cL7dFKwuJmU7tGQDbPXvp", "question_id": 48, "answer1_id": "TMtjmb5tDizQ9RETRxpt2s", "answer2_id": "nSGoG9Z5g5VuCXgmQJJKrq", "text": "7 6\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed response, considering factors such as self-published books and lost or destroyed books. They also provided a wider range of estimates for the total number of pages. However, their estimate of the total number of books ever published (129 million) was significantly higher than Assistant 2's estimate (13 million). Assistant 2's response was more concise and easier to follow, but it did not consider the factors mentioned by Assistant 1. Both assistants acknowledged the impossibility of providing an exact number, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive in its reasoning.", "score": [7.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YDnAUmn3rLo2fXnQNMsSWi", "question_id": 49, "answer1_id": "AwQMPhhaJ32ByA3VjKF5Ph", "answer2_id": "ScqJdUq9n5bp9qPv5WPqG5", "text": "7 8\nBoth assistants provided relevant and detailed information in their responses. Assistant 1 gave a clear explanation of the Earth's orbit and its importance for life on Earth. However, the answer contained an incorrect statement about the Earth orbiting the Sun 1 billion times since the first life arose, which contradicts the initial statement of 4.543 billion times. Assistant 2 provided a more accurate and detailed explanation, taking into account the elliptical nature of the Earth's orbit and the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the uncertainties in the timing of the emergence of life and variations in the Earth's orbit, making their answer more reliable.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SdNHfEHe9iZHKbmYjkC5a4", "question_id": 50, "answer1_id": "UCqxXfMAnqJKbApsjrPFcq", "answer2_id": "GdLFr88pCwsGpfRBRQQkyh", "text": "8 7\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed response by mentioning specific numbers from the US Copyright Office, Spotify, and Apple Music, which helps to give a better understanding of the scale of recorded songs. Assistant 2, while still providing a relevant response, focused more on the historical aspect of music and the development of recording technology, without providing specific numbers. Both assistants acknowledged the difficulty in estimating the exact number of songs recorded throughout history, but Assistant 1's response was more informative and precise.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6Tbxuai5ZBjbL7XgsGM59j", "question_id": 51, "answer1_id": "YMRg5Xi9BBvvqqny2tqJZ3", "answer2_id": "Sa7uNEbFGRFuXBAwau8sHS", "text": "8 7\nAssistant 1 provided a more focused and relevant response to the question, discussing the potential impact of the Internet on the Renaissance period in terms of intellectual growth, collaboration, education, and the arts. Assistant 2, while providing some interesting points about the technological context and the possible development of an early form of the Internet, did not directly address the question's focus on the impact of the Internet on the Renaissance period. Both assistants provided accurate information, but Assistant 1's response was more helpful and relevant to the user's question.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3xXeF3Goc2xSC9RJey8VNz", "question_id": 52, "answer1_id": "fhr7iMPb9SVJ663mXKBuct", "answer2_id": "T6Ar3cAEw3AmVVQTcCPp8N", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good overview of the potential consequences of the Aztecs repelling the Spanish conquistadors, but Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing the potential impact on the Aztec civilization, the spread of European diseases, the economy of Mexico, and the possibility of forming alliances with other indigenous groups. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "kGpPxDLcPjpJ8FsaBgWxeb", "question_id": 53, "answer1_id": "4rrmyZw9zhyJGqdrcazFvt", "answer2_id": "KiZQev5JEk2h6JYeQnFmtM", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the potential consequences of the Black Death not occurring in the 14th century. Assistant 1 focused on the decline of the population, the impact on society, and the changes in the way people lived. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed analysis of the potential demographic, economic, and social changes that could have occurred in the absence of the Black Death, as well as the possibility of other diseases spreading. Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "BUxwV6k4ktYY3rE7X4wH4B", "question_id": 54, "answer1_id": "Za3mY9xwxpZdPmGW48wtzu", "answer2_id": "cYiyYKKXM3GXkrZHAbX83S", "text": "7 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 explored the potential outcomes of Newton focusing on biology, mentioning possible discoveries in medicine, mechanics of the human body, and causes of disease. However, Assistant 1 also considered the possibility that Newton might not have made significant discoveries in biology. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing Newton's contributions to other fields and his wide range of interests. Assistant 2 also acknowledged the difficulty in predicting specific contributions without knowing more about Newton's interests in biology. Both responses were helpful, but Assistant 2's answer was more detailed and provided a broader perspective on Newton's scientific achievements, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YS2v2hkjFoUNTRg9UAP67U", "question_id": 55, "answer1_id": "cbAaJS9ULjR4XYSHATujSG", "answer2_id": "PQmMUdAAcBsAWmWaTvdHSU", "text": "8 7\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and helpful answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused more on the cultural impact of the Beatles and how their absence might have affected the world, while Assistant 2 provided a list of possible outcomes if the Beatles had never formed. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and touched on the emotional aspect of the Beatles' influence, which is why it receives a higher score. Assistant 2's response was also helpful, but it was more speculative and less detailed in comparison.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LeebBihTDtAoBf6uEBYdcz", "question_id": 56, "answer1_id": "ZEgb9fvopGo7HF5wPeoeHs", "answer2_id": "PorExChQ9VeYsPJptdgtsB", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a clear explanation of the importance of Turing's work and its impact on the outcome of the war. However, Assistant 2 provided a more nuanced response, discussing the potential alternative strategies and technologies that the Allies might have pursued without Turing's contributions. This additional information and consideration of alternative scenarios make Assistant 2's response slightly more detailed and comprehensive, resulting in a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "W6qgavnMLN53fEy5HvfxhF", "question_id": 57, "answer1_id": "igMXoEiszFM65ZS2KUTvtm", "answer2_id": "249f6dSMwZRZVMmtxv6yDm", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused more on the impact on Egypt's economy and national pride, while Assistant 2 discussed the broader implications on international trade, global economic development, and the history of the region. Assistant 2 also mentioned the engineering and technological advancements required for the construction of the canal, which added more depth to the answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score due to the additional details and broader perspective provided.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "VDKdWNYB6NcbkiNA9eWXSJ", "question_id": 58, "answer1_id": "Up4h8RpgVVafBtUj4tiGPZ", "answer2_id": "nxa3m6kiAZwKgcMUBY8KYz", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both acknowledged the advanced nature of the Maya civilization and the potential impact it could have had on the world if it had not collapsed. Assistant 1 provided a good overview of the possible outcomes, but Assistant 2 went into more detail about the potential advancements and influence the Maya civilization could have had on other civilizations in the region. Assistant 2 also mentioned the lasting impact of the Maya civilization on the region and their descendants, which adds more depth to the answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3KaALaanGsJQqzvwJFcnBL", "question_id": 59, "answer1_id": "CMg3ypKyykGUzQsDmX7i35", "answer2_id": "DXFvhjCaKqQiBsFDCkXGMT", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 discussed the possibility of other European explorers discovering the Americas and the potential for Chinese or Japanese settlements. Assistant 2 also mentioned the possibility of other European explorers discovering the Americas and focused more on the potential development of indigenous peoples without Columbus's discovery. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and provided a clearer picture of the potential consequences of Columbus not discovering the Americas, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "h2qgd65upfZgKNUFsXgmHi", "question_id": 60, "answer1_id": "WhLiJXznzRBkzxDdnc5ndX", "answer2_id": "BCUK5VcpZK26jMJ2UMgR3E", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 explored the possibility of Van Gogh's success leading to a different impact on the art world and the potential influence of his tragic story on his art. Assistant 2 focused more on the potential changes in Van Gogh's art and personal life due to success and fame. Both responses acknowledged the impossibility of knowing the exact outcome. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and well-rounded, considering the potential impact of fame and success on Van Gogh's personal life and art direction, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "WtY3uzgQLem7SJMRtmBuqc", "question_id": 61, "answer1_id": "Vzmhr5RMndkR866p4pUef6", "answer2_id": "JHTKBrLVTp7bv5zW2uwYVW", "text": "4 9\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- Polite and friendly response.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- Did not provide any code or solution to the given problem.\n- Misunderstood the task and offered unrelated services.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Focus on understanding the task and providing a relevant solution.\n- If unsure about the task, ask for clarification before providing an unrelated response.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- Provided a working C++ program that solves the given problem.\n- Clear and concise comments explaining the code's logic and functionality.\n- Proper coding standards and best practices were followed.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The program only counts lines containing the search string, not the actual number of occurrences of the word.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Modify the program to count the actual number of occurrences of the word in the file, not just the lines containing the word.\n- Consider handling edge cases, such as different letter cases or punctuation marks surrounding the search string.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nnHxzRSqsuXx8A2hG2QZmE", "question_id": 62, "answer1_id": "jPrfhv9oaZGrkXxDUw5Vbt", "answer2_id": "jyzD2deb9JAffRhhkk37r5", "text": "8 4\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The algorithm is efficient with a time complexity of O(nm) and space complexity of O(mn).\n- The code correctly implements the given problem statement.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code lacks comments to explain the logic and functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to explain the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code includes comments that explain the code's logic and functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code is less efficient than Assistant 1's code.\n- The code does not correctly implement the given problem statement. The initialization of the dp table is incorrect, and the logic for filling in the table is also incorrect.\n- The code is less readable and structured compared to Assistant 1's code.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the initialization of the dp table by setting the first row and column to 0 instead of float('inf').\n- Correct the logic for filling in the table by following the dynamic programming approach used in Assistant 1's code.\n- Improve the code structure and readability by following the style used in Assistant 1's code.", "score": [8.0, 4.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "N6SA5JgsXewWz7hda37xer", "question_id": 63, "answer1_id": "KdZNrf6udTfCxGGcQxRbXk", "answer2_id": "jPGHEfp7FxhDyvRA6qEN3j", "text": "7 8.5\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is simple and easy to understand.\n- The function is well-structured and returns a boolean value.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The regular expression contains unnecessary spaces, which may cause issues in matching valid email addresses.\n- The regular expression does not cover all valid email address formats (e.g., special characters in the username).\n- There are no comments explaining the regular expression or the function.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Remove the spaces in the regular expression.\n- Update the regular expression to include more valid email address formats.\n- Add comments to explain the regular expression and the function.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to understand.\n- The regular expression covers a wider range of valid email address formats.\n- There are comments explaining the regular expression and the code.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The regular expression does not cover all valid email address formats (e.g., special characters in the username).\n- The code does not include a function to check the email address, making it less reusable.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Update the regular expression to include more valid email address formats.\n- Encapsulate the email validation code in a function for better reusability.", "score": [7.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LKFYJtdK3e6mujtw8wSjdH", "question_id": 64, "answer1_id": "AFzqAfbYVL25DBqFA2cv4G", "answer2_id": "Ra9eTcAuNZPkPRnaHiQrak", "text": "7 4\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The dynamic programming approach is implemented correctly, using a table to store the results of previously solved subproblems.\n- The comments are clear and concise, explaining the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not handle the case when n = 0 or n = 1, which would result in an IndexError.\n- The code could be more efficient by using a memoization table with only two elements instead of a list of size n.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add a condition to handle the cases when n = 0 or n = 1.\n- Use a memoization table with only two elements to save memory.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code initializes a memoization table, which is a good start for a dynamic programming approach.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not actually use the memoization table, resulting in a less efficient solution.\n- The code does not handle the case when n = 0, which would result in an IndexError.\n- The comments are not as clear and concise as they could be, and they do not accurately describe the code's logic and functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Implement the dynamic programming approach correctly by using the memoization table to store the results of previously solved subproblems.\n- Add a condition to handle the cases when n = 0 or n = 1.\n- Improve the comments to accurately describe the code's logic and functionality.", "score": [7.0, 4.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MqumN4WHxBeQzbHE8XzKEc", "question_id": 65, "answer1_id": "Lt56JzWfXBxbvxrLf4fn3t", "answer2_id": "5mbEFLEnEx8Cm2wEF8WAbM", "text": "9 9\n\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided correct and efficient implementations of the binary search algorithm. Their code is readable and well-structured. The time complexity of both implementations is O(log n), which is optimal for this problem.\n\nStrengths:\n- Both implementations are correct and follow the binary search algorithm.\n- The code is readable and well-structured in both submissions.\n- Both assistants provided a brief explanation of the algorithm and its time complexity.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- Assistant 1's implementation requires the user to provide low and high indices, which might be confusing for some users. Assistant 2's implementation is more user-friendly as it only requires the array and the target value as input parameters.\n- Neither assistant provided comments within the code to explain the logic and functionality. While the code is relatively simple and self-explanatory, adding comments would be helpful for users who are less familiar with the algorithm.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Assistant 1 could improve their implementation by removing the need for the user to provide low and high indices, similar to Assistant 2's implementation.\n- Both assistants should consider adding comments within the code to explain the logic and functionality, making it easier for users to understand the algorithm.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ctTXTd9FC8vjGP9xFf6Gyb", "question_id": 66, "answer1_id": "bmaShWUyEqPE6kbHD6FjLk", "answer2_id": "KLbBzjbuwq4agAESQ9Wfpq", "text": "8 5\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The implementation is correct and efficient.\n- The code is easy to read and understand.\n- The use of `__len__`, `__iter__`, and `__contains__` methods is a nice addition, making the class more versatile.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code lacks comments explaining the logic and functionality of the methods.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to explain the logic and functionality of the methods.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is readable and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The implementation is incorrect. The `dequeue` method does not follow the logic of using two stacks to implement a queue.\n- The `enqueue` method clears the `out_stack`, which is unnecessary and inefficient.\n- The `peek` method returns the last item in the `in_stack`, which is not the front of the queue.\n- The `is_empty` method checks only the `in_stack`, which may lead to incorrect results if there are items in the `out_stack`.\n- The custom `EmptyQueueError` exception is not used effectively.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the `dequeue` method to follow the logic of using two stacks to implement a queue.\n- Remove the unnecessary clearing of the `out_stack` in the `enqueue` method.\n- Modify the `peek` method to return the correct item at the front of the queue.\n- Update the `is_empty` method to check both stacks.\n- Use the `EmptyQueueError` exception effectively, or remove it if not needed.", "score": [8.0, 5.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "KoNz6J6gsCr6AgwW9rdyvK", "question_id": 67, "answer1_id": "hiSVom5YqSrKZKor8CjHdU", "answer2_id": "ganAwetd9VTzEAiTtsskzX", "text": "6 5\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The function has a clear docstring that explains its purpose, arguments, and return value.\n- The code uses a set to store the common elements, which ensures that duplicates are not included in the result.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The problem statement specifically asked not to use any extra data structures, but the code uses a set.\n- The algorithm has a time complexity of O(n^2), which can be slow for large arrays.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- To avoid using extra data structures, you can modify the code to directly print the common elements instead of storing them in a set.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code follows the problem statement's requirement of not using any extra data structures.\n- The code is simple and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not include any comments or a docstring, which makes it harder for others to understand the purpose and functionality of the function.\n- The algorithm has a time complexity of O(n^2), which can be slow for large arrays.\n- The code does not handle duplicate elements in the input arrays, which may lead to duplicate common elements in the result.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments and a docstring to the function to explain its purpose, arguments, and return value.\n- To handle duplicate elements, you can add a condition to check if the common element is already in the result list before appending it.", "score": [6.0, 5.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "m6AC23LQ8JYijV3GtsHskU", "question_id": 68, "answer1_id": "JRHeURg4TrVAgWNp5yqjFx", "answer2_id": "LG6szQ3cqNRzUjXtZtXG94", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nf(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5(8) - 4 + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\n\nNow, I will evaluate the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\nThe steps and the final answer are correct.\n\nAssistant 2:\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 2 + 3 = 41 - 2 + 3 = 40\nThe steps are incorrect, and the final answer is wrong.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 4\n\nAssistant 1 performed better because they provided the correct steps and final answer, while Assistant 2 made mistakes in their calculations.", "score": [10, 4], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "34uzSiz6E2mtCxcqmAUF9P", "question_id": 69, "answer1_id": "hZwFKeRYBLKihBEWSEGMYJ", "answer2_id": "LHMnXGbSZubeZJcr5fgrte", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\n3x + 10 = 5(x - 2)\n\nDistribute the 5 on the right-hand side of the equation:\n\n3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n\nSubtract 3x from both sides:\n\n10 = 2x - 10\n\nAdd 10 to both sides:\n\n20 = 2x\n\nDivide both sides by 2:\n\nx = 10\n\nNow, I will evaluate the answers provided by Assistant 1 and Assistant 2.\n\nAssistant 1:\n\nThe steps provided by Assistant 1 are correct, and the final answer of x = 5 is accurate.\n\nAssistant 2:\n\nThe steps provided by Assistant 2 are incorrect. The assistant made an error in step 2 by subtracting 5x from both sides, resulting in 3x = -5x, which is incorrect. The correct step should be subtracting 3x from both sides, resulting in 2x = 20. The rest of the steps are also incorrect due to this initial error.\n\nScores:\n\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 1\n\nAssistant 1 performed better and provided the correct solution to the equation.", "score": [10, 1], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "57H8uDw5kYEX2wFgvY8BN8", "question_id": 70, "answer1_id": "iG4SJq9xCKCDDtiqU3szJZ", "answer2_id": "TGENVWL5iAYi4NCf5jAzKy", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nGiven the endpoints of a line segment are (2, -2) and (10, 4), we can use the distance formula to find the length of the segment:\n\n$$d = \\sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$\n\nSubstituting the given coordinates:\n\n$$d = \\sqrt{(10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2} = \\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \\sqrt{64 + 36} = \\sqrt{100} = 10$$\n\nThe length of the line segment is 10 units.\n\nNow, I will examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe steps provided by Assistant 1 are correct, and the final answer is also correct. The length of the line segment is 10 units.\n\nAssistant 2:\nAssistant 2 made a mistake in calculating the difference between the x-coordinates and the y-coordinates. The correct differences should be 8 and 6, not 18 and 4. This led to an incorrect final answer of 17.973.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 4\n\nAssistant 1 performed better in this case, as they provided the correct steps and answer, while Assistant 2 made a mistake in the calculation.", "score": [10, 2], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3bZ3BoLmb48KjWJ5q4NmMU", "question_id": 71, "answer1_id": "CjhV8cJ6UEp7Y4f3eWB6E5", "answer2_id": "kc9oytarvqyNVVfGZz93EL", "text": "9 9.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's request for a formal email proposing a joint venture. Both responses included appropriate greetings, explanations of the proposal, and reasons for the joint venture. Assistant 1's response was slightly more concise, while Assistant 2's response provided a bit more detail about the structure of the proposed joint venture and the potential benefits. Both responses were of high quality, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 9.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nErSsdfQf8KAT2XtVLDqVh", "question_id": 72, "answer1_id": "5waLH9pZsr8jVTpy67QH58", "answer2_id": "NxstpvVEnGMny3jECtvrw2", "text": "9 10\nBoth assistants provided relevant and helpful resignation letter templates. Assistant 1's response was concise and to the point, while Assistant 2's response was more detailed and included additional information about ensuring a smooth transition and completing outstanding tasks. Assistant 2's response was slightly better due to the additional details and consideration for the employer's needs during the transition.", "score": [9.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Q4QCqD7baQ8PkmzaJ4qJv7", "question_id": 73, "answer1_id": "ZV4sUNujQGS2w7Wg4jbXbf", "answer2_id": "XN9NBpeQJiQqGT5UYkys7N", "text": "9 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. They both structured a formal letter of recommendation for a student applying to a prestigious graduate program in computer science. Assistant 1's response was concise and well-organized, but Assistant 2's response was more detailed and included additional elements such as the sender's and recipient's affiliations, addresses, and date, which made it more complete and formal. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LVJ5BasrkhW8giXxYVqu9W", "question_id": 74, "answer1_id": "X94xm9m7tayWsKFNACqAG4", "answer2_id": "3qMqAZcfHUVUTEJnMXT8Pw", "text": "9 9.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the user's request for a compelling product launch announcement email. Assistant 1's response was concise and focused on the benefits of the new software solution, while Assistant 2's response was more detailed, providing a list of key features and emphasizing the research and development behind the product. Both responses were helpful and well-structured. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly more compelling due to the additional details and emphasis on the product's innovation, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 9.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Pn2guBepbwfxhn2ev3JZoc", "question_id": 75, "answer1_id": "EFL7fU6gnicQY6DRpHvbTK", "answer2_id": "hMXjd228Mc8pnc7zgd2frG", "text": "9 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's request. Assistant 1's response was clear and concise, addressing the issue and providing reassurance that the problem has been resolved. Assistant 2's response was more detailed, including a subject line and additional information about the investigation and steps taken to prevent future delays. Both responses were well-written and appropriate for the situation, but Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, earning it a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7NJp7H3YHHQdWZmyMdcHpi", "question_id": 76, "answer1_id": "XJLFjCr6vgQZjEXbaMjTa6", "answer2_id": "gUEd9nNepqy8nsfbypscHx", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the history and cultural significance of jazz. Assistant 1's response was more structured and detailed, covering the roots of jazz, its history, and its cultural significance, while Assistant 2's response was slightly less detailed but still informative and engaging. Assistant 1's script was more comprehensive, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MSCbf4yKFcdVNcQFDjYyAU", "question_id": 77, "answer1_id": "bz3rS9MRs9QmaLGg4A8a7B", "answer2_id": "nZZyn3SAvU8T2BVR73LMHC", "text": "9 10\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about a trip to Hawaii, highlighting cultural experiences and must-see attractions. Assistant 1 gave a clear and concise list of suggestions for cultural experiences and must-see attractions, making it easy for readers to understand and plan their trip. Assistant 2, on the other hand, crafted a more engaging and immersive narrative, sharing personal experiences and emotions, which is more fitting for a travel blog post. While both responses were informative, Assistant 2's response was more engaging and better suited to the requested format, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dUUREscUNiAEwZMX2Bv8pf", "question_id": 78, "answer1_id": "kCS2ZqzKTdDpaXwu3TiFXP", "answer2_id": "YM4qjUM5VfmWnzM3HXRB4G", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided captivating movie reviews for recently released science fiction films. Assistant 1 focused on the movie \"Dune,\" providing a detailed review of the plot, characters, and special effects, as well as mentioning the film's score. Assistant 2 reviewed a fictional movie called \"Beyond the Horizon,\" also discussing the plot, characters, and special effects. Both reviews were engaging and informative. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and specific, which is why it received a higher score of 9, while Assistant 2's response was still strong and received a score of 8.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Mfyo2MkTqFoXcoVRYgYMpC", "question_id": 79, "answer1_id": "7WWWS5UhWcVzkhTypqcFU4", "answer2_id": "WcbzNkzu5q66QkK92NxmGB", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and detailed podcast scripts discussing the influence of streaming platforms on the music industry. Assistant 1's script was well-structured, covering the pros and cons of streaming platforms and their impact on the music industry. However, Assistant 2's script was slightly more engaging and organized, with clearly defined segments and a more conversational tone. Additionally, Assistant 2 touched on the future of streaming platforms, which added depth to the discussion. Overall, both scripts were helpful and accurate, but Assistant 2's script was more appealing and comprehensive.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "T59yNWEAj9kzX8k2QbWom4", "question_id": 80, "answer1_id": "QcSFqbgqLWqn96V6BvWT7B", "answer2_id": "Tfm4f2mbpKJsa8MT6exs8D", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided detailed and engaging symphony concert reviews that discussed the orchestra's performance and the overall audience experience. Both responses were relevant, accurate, and helpful in conveying the atmosphere and quality of the performances. The reason for giving both assistants the same score is that they both demonstrated a high level of detail and quality in their responses, making it difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of performance.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/review/review_gpt35_vicuna-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"review_id": "jyhS7AFj2mrFNqoRXQJDPS", "question_id": 1, "answer1_id": "BZGowHM7L3RvtWRktKZjLT", "answer2_id": "cV4zXygaNP6CXEsgdHMEqz", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information on improving time management skills. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more detailed response, including tips on minimizing distractions, learning to say 'no', and delegating tasks. Assistant 2 also provided useful tips, but the response was not as comprehensive as Assistant 1's. Both assistants emphasized the importance of setting goals, using a calendar or planner, and taking breaks. Overall, both responses were helpful, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and comprehensive.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "NVTHESK8sQGgYq5RmQTpMr", "question_id": 2, "answer1_id": "GsrPLfiNEcRDYAC5aUoY23", "answer2_id": "3zpPUeoVsPWXtKMV7cAhZ6", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about effective ways to deal with stress. Both answers included similar suggestions such as exercise, relaxation techniques, sleep, healthy diet, social support, time management, and seeking professional help. The level of detail in both responses was sufficient to provide a clear understanding of each strategy. Assistant 2 included an additional suggestion of relaxation techniques like progressive muscle relaxation, aromatherapy, and massage, which slightly enhanced the response. However, both assistants performed exceptionally well, and their answers were equally informative and helpful.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fDwSXjgkma7Gu4b8QGUaCY", "question_id": 3, "answer1_id": "5SGfexmPoJTWoVbPMB87KB", "answer2_id": "6xpiZJE4vxxGqjRogPfBk7", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the differences between Python and JavaScript. Assistant 1 provided a more structured response, covering programming paradigms, syntax, typing, and application areas, which made it easier to understand the key differences. Assistant 2 also covered similar points but included additional information about error handling, libraries, and speed. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly less organized, making it a bit harder to follow. Both assistants provided a good level of detail, but Assistant 1's response was more concise and easier to understand, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "cJw4V6atyX2JHA4FZM6Qc3", "question_id": 4, "answer1_id": "RcqQg364kgCkYPshqvmGSp", "answer2_id": "abitTVu2Dz8rdMxyThvFyJ", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information on increasing productivity while working from home. Assistant 1 offered a slightly more detailed response with 8 tips, while Assistant 2 provided 7 tips. Both assistants covered similar points, such as creating a dedicated workspace, setting a schedule, eliminating distractions, getting dressed, and taking breaks. However, Assistant 1 included the additional points of making a to-do list, challenging oneself, and staying positive, which contributed to a more comprehensive answer. Assistant 2's response was also well-rounded, but slightly less detailed compared to Assistant 1.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2ZMgfaT49yqAiA3GYLNfp4", "question_id": 5, "answer1_id": "3R9jAndzLHQqJwmMi5mNox", "answer2_id": "UMZod8JaWia9KB2EVXdYrF", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate explanations of the basics of quantum computing. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, covering different technologies used to build quantum computers and mentioning the importance of quantum computing in solving problems that are intractable for classical computers. Assistant 2's response was also informative, but it focused more on different approaches to building quantum computers rather than the broader context of quantum computing. Both responses were well-structured and informative, but Assistant 1's answer was more comprehensive, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Wz7U3tcQhAMK6HgLPwM7C3", "question_id": 6, "answer1_id": "Uw8SaYLPMGR5sdV9FDx8pb", "answer2_id": "WXRCqF34f4UUJzd3xbgAqT", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the differences between plant-based and animal-based protein sources. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more concise response, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response with a numbered list of differences. Assistant 1 mentioned the importance of animal-based protein sources for athletes and individuals with higher protein needs, which was a useful addition. Both assistants discussed the nutritional value, absorption, sustainability, health effects, and ethical considerations of the two types of protein sources. However, Assistant 1's response was more precise and to the point, making it easier to understand and digest the information, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "M3Yd3jLJrBzHL2KmmaiLmX", "question_id": 7, "answer1_id": "53gmokt2KBgKu6NMPopxcu", "answer2_id": "JREJbG5ZKXCNMoWoiJQxbC", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about developing critical thinking skills. Both answers included practical tips and strategies for improving critical thinking, such as asking questions, analyzing information, considering different perspectives, and practicing logic and reasoning. Both responses were detailed and well-organized, making it easy for the user to understand and apply the suggestions. The only minor difference is that Assistant 2 included a few additional tips, such as engaging in debates and practicing mindfulness. However, both answers are equally valuable and informative, so they both receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "D4dXgsgoBdNwqUxxpmUkmp", "question_id": 8, "answer1_id": "bKrbrGsN7zjKLvBk2h3tvo", "answer2_id": "mmVwmX6TGJ2Y72gCNac4EQ", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about the major challenges faced by the education sector today. Assistant 1 provided a clear list of seven challenges, while Assistant 2 expanded on these and included an additional challenge, making their response slightly more detailed. Both assistants covered important aspects such as access to education, funding, teacher shortages, technological integration, student engagement, and assessment. Assistant 2 also addressed equity and inclusion, as well as sustainability, which added value to their response. Overall, both assistants performed well, but Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive answer.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ntSaBiMeRMC82i2S2wkHh6", "question_id": 9, "answer1_id": "HEGL3aPUnNrdNtNt3XLDKi", "answer2_id": "DMTZyzd4rRAFV43xtBJ9ns", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both covered the primary factors that influence consumer behavior, such as personal, psychological, social, and marketing factors. Assistant 1 mentioned situational factors, while Assistant 2 included economic and product/service factors. Both answers were detailed and informative, and it is difficult to determine which one is superior, as they both provide valuable insights. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "eTBH8zoQhZfYYCAhQh4moS", "question_id": 10, "answer1_id": "W9zpMVa2cJUJW8B2uGMCJy", "answer2_id": "dETAsj4xHnUCSTkZezz8aM", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about effective strategies for conflict resolution in the workplace. They both covered essential strategies such as active listening, clear communication, problem-solving, and seeking outside help or mediation if necessary. The level of detail in both responses was sufficient to understand the strategies and apply them in a workplace setting. Both assistants performed well, and it is difficult to differentiate their performance, so they both receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Y6cDAMFAEauqwsaGdHoraf", "question_id": 11, "answer1_id": "LacdmoweqKYGzt3aMBYjEa", "answer2_id": "C8ksZxg3LshMUWiLxPanbt", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information regarding the implications of using single-use plastic bottles versus reusable bottles on the environment and human health. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and organized, with clear distinctions between environmental and health implications for both single-use and reusable bottles. Assistant 2 also provided valuable information, but the response was not as well-structured, and some points were not as clearly explained as in Assistant 1's response. Overall, both assistants performed well, but Assistant 1 had a slight edge in terms of clarity and organization.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "evnANWPnvUJ89vxV3sRZ7M", "question_id": 12, "answer1_id": "JqVreebbPuNdjw8E8K4Ssf", "answer2_id": "NeHhRc5P5uAU8eWSJBRkhG", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information in their responses. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, covering a broader range of factors such as sensory inclusivity and employee training, which were not mentioned by Assistant 2. Assistant 2's response was also comprehensive, but it lacked the mention of sensory inclusivity and employee training. Both assistants provided valuable information on accessibility features, route design, scheduling, and affordability. Overall, Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and comprehensive, earning a 9, while Assistant 2's response was also strong but slightly less detailed, earning an 8.5.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7X5LTBTBncxNXwdhDvknWG", "question_id": 13, "answer1_id": "hEMThhsN85Ud5X8xBv9BZJ", "answer2_id": "KAJ7UVwu8oCKyxZj9j82pm", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about fiscal and monetary policies to combat economic recessions. Assistant 1's response was slightly more structured and concise, making it easier to understand the key points. Assistant 2's response was also informative and detailed, but the structure was less clear, and some points were repetitive. Both assistants covered the main aspects of fiscal and monetary policies, but Assistant 1's response was more precise and well-organized.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7FK5fbRY6p2ep2MpPjv3yH", "question_id": 14, "answer1_id": "BvFV7sx53PAK5bNn89urFs", "answer2_id": "NnWfaeRe8PmitgmV4u5fY8", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a clear explanation of how language and cultural barriers can impact communication and relationships in multicultural societies, and also mentioned the importance of language classes, cultural exchange programs, and sensitivity training. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing specific aspects of communication and relationships that can be affected by language and cultural barriers, such as cultural norms, stereotypes, prejudice, and power dynamics. While both answers were informative, Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "csv7uSp3JKQTDajTge3gCW", "question_id": 15, "answer1_id": "dM5GHbLuPNfzUbBnJz6w7K", "answer2_id": "WiGpqKRRwWonwgU95piNNc", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and helpful responses to the question. Assistant 1 focused on a specific scenario involving AI-powered chatbots for patient triage and automating routine tasks, which was a clear and concise example. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a broader overview of various ways AI could improve healthcare delivery, including data analysis, automating tasks, remote monitoring, personalized treatment plans, and speeding up research and development. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and covered a wider range of applications, which is why it received a slightly higher score. Both responses were accurate and detailed, but Assistant 2's answer provided a more extensive understanding of AI's potential impact on healthcare.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "AusuMoEsTd4zExWnGKz95b", "question_id": 16, "answer1_id": "BX7maaP5kGY6bBTLJRwkit", "answer2_id": "iangiZeex5ndxAXnWMrxBW", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the process of gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, its potential applications, and ethical implications. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more detailed response, discussing the potential for eugenics, unintended consequences, and issues of access and equity. Assistant 2 also covered the main points, but with a bit less detail on the ethical implications. Both assistants did a good job, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more comprehensive.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dUmijornRYz6nnYGYnZtv2", "question_id": 17, "answer1_id": "STuX8oc7Gu3SN6EWzwpUpp", "answer2_id": "XnMRLphzYQX4QRNht7tbui", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both explained the concept of vaccinations and how they work to protect individuals and communities from infectious diseases. They also both provided a clear explanation of herd immunity and its importance in preventing the spread of diseases. The quality of the answers is quite similar, and both assistants deserve a high score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nYNJvBeat7YrWwEeNjHZts", "question_id": 18, "answer1_id": "TFUUXWS7yn2u2b4n7eM3ZB", "answer2_id": "HZc37bwy646mRzbqSsDAob", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good overview of the role of social media platforms in news consumption and the implications of misinformation. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, discussing specific factors such as personalization, virality, amplification, filter bubbles, confirmation bias, and lack of fact-checking, which contributed to a better understanding of the issue. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score due to the level of detail in their response.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "P4hakPhF7TKj55mTydH4NT", "question_id": 19, "answer1_id": "3yRq2XXPi83H7Rr5SZS9rE", "answer2_id": "iJrMatLrMdJyyqMx9uJ45a", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, offering specific examples and strategies for promoting healthier diets, such as imposing taxes on unhealthy foods and increasing funding for community gardens and farmers' markets. Assistant 2 also provided a good response, with clear examples of how cultural, social, and economic factors influence food choices. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly less detailed in terms of strategies for promoting healthier diets. Both assistants performed well, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and actionable.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "GbEY9PMrmhDNm5XUB3AYmc", "question_id": 20, "answer1_id": "Sw34dAwQPCfGGotwRwhvtv", "answer2_id": "oVEHqDnDTEADZSFfKgFTZd", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed explanations of the process of natural selection and how it contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species. Assistant 1 focused on explaining the essence of natural selection and its role as a driver of evolution and adaptation, while Assistant 2 provided a more structured explanation with numbered steps. Both explanations complement each other and provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "JJ6BtrjfFvmjA9nvyJvNCL", "question_id": 21, "answer1_id": "cZw4Jw8Zyz6ZUy4WDsC6ta", "answer2_id": "WLAj4u59bj2oEXzahF79ek", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. They both included a sample introduction speech for a medieval knight at a royal banquet, emphasizing humility, loyalty, and service to the kingdom. The level of detail in both responses was appropriate and engaging. It is difficult to distinguish one as better than the other, as both responses effectively address the user's question, so they both receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "KNxHKpigcbEiptJeGiXtyd", "question_id": 22, "answer1_id": "nj9y2HTWFGsD5B278ozm73", "answer2_id": "fJPnM2XcRveW2zR4DDaeTb", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and engaging speeches to motivate a pirate crew to search for hidden treasure. Assistant 1's response was more concise and focused on the thrill of adventure and the rewards that await the crew. Assistant 2, on the other hand, started by clarifying that they do not condone piracy and then provided a speech that emphasized the challenges and the determination needed to succeed. Both speeches were well-crafted and detailed, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more direct and to the point, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jsobbVWb4XgXruX5KGSAzP", "question_id": 23, "answer1_id": "Ep9rLcNzEGhG7AgbLTpRtm", "answer2_id": "fY4Xed6veWpcKfj5krZz8m", "text": "9 8\nBoth assistants provided relevant and creative soliloquies in the style of Shakespearean characters declaring their love. Assistant 1's soliloquy was slightly more engaging and used more vivid imagery, which made it stand out. Assistant 2's soliloquy was also well-written and relevant, but it lacked the same level of depth and emotional impact as Assistant 1's response. Both responses were accurate and detailed, but Assistant 1's soliloquy had a slight edge in terms of quality.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nzQdRQqiGrCEPovYpkfcuq", "question_id": 24, "answer1_id": "oNULT72cYUvit7D9SHb5aM", "answer2_id": "LqFJA2JQbBXP77nkYjtrZK", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the user's question. They each shared their origin stories in a way that would be understandable and engaging for a curious child. Assistant 1 focused on the transformation from an ordinary person to a superhero, emphasizing the importance of courage and helping others. Assistant 2 explained their creation as an advanced artificial intelligence, highlighting their strong moral compass and desire to help others. Both answers were detailed and well-rounded, making it difficult to choose one over the other. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bxv7oJi28Yny5CpxYtTriN", "question_id": 25, "answer1_id": "TX86xjPKTk2UxWwV4e8zRK", "answer2_id": "WxCKcRstJPXTXnqEzSX3Hg", "text": "8 7.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the technological advancements in the year 3000. Assistant 1's response was more concise and organized, with a clear list format and a brief explanation of each advancement. Assistant 2's response was also informative, but it lacked the same level of organization and clarity as Assistant 1's response. Additionally, Assistant 1 mentioned the eradication of diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's and the reversal of the aging process, which are significant advancements that Assistant 2 did not mention. Overall, both assistants provided valuable information, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more effective in conveying the information.", "score": [8.0, 7.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "93SEJYNg3w6FJDC6CCVf3s", "question_id": 26, "answer1_id": "e5YFb6PojDThkcZdSH8kpC", "answer2_id": "dgPJ7DvtFHD7mxtRwzM3vW", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided detailed and engaging descriptions of the winning play in the final seconds of a championship game. They both captured the excitement and tension of the moment, while also highlighting the skill and determination of the players involved. Both responses were relevant, accurate, and helpful in answering the user's question. It is difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of quality, as both responses were well-written and effectively conveyed the thrilling nature of the game's conclusion. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dhy48WZaBT7h7XUmY4Kt3Y", "question_id": 27, "answer1_id": "NnkbyoNFRHay4toKTFfaeE", "answer2_id": "ADX83sWvjJkewJX6JmYUzQ", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided detailed, relevant, and engaging descriptions of their respective signature dishes. They both showcased their creativity and passion for cooking, as well as their attention to detail in the preparation and presentation of the dishes. Both responses were equally helpful, accurate, and detailed, making it difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of overall performance. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "WmyJQvRV2wheGgHifaTX8o", "question_id": 28, "answer1_id": "Gpb8MuNU3Pt7k93dpRN9WM", "answer2_id": "ihNG3rwsrt95NDhCAFeSDR", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and accurate information about the summit of Mount Everest and the emotions a climber might experience. Assistant 1 gave a good description of the summit and the challenges faced during the climb. Assistant 2, however, provided a more vivid and detailed description of the emotions and the view from the top, making their response slightly more engaging and informative. Both assistants acknowledged their limitations as AI language models, but Assistant 2's response was more aligned with the user's question, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZBjXjAUfmo636RD8ftGmoj", "question_id": 29, "answer1_id": "SYvkCCHBUZPd9DQuidZM8K", "answer2_id": "Gmhqf3z4LvVfwPNFJ89BKd", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the user's question. Assistant 1 provided a more structured response, listing the challenges faced by a Mars colonist and then describing the daily life and activities. Assistant 2 also provided a detailed response, focusing more on the daily routine and integrating the challenges faced within that routine. Assistant 1's response was slightly more comprehensive and organized, which is why it receives a higher score. However, both responses were informative and addressed the user's question effectively.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "m96t6EWjwebt3SBbVs8QKi", "question_id": 30, "answer1_id": "NjdsG8tYfrHMT5zGZPavk6", "answer2_id": "gSwkKJCn6qDnNZond2xVJ3", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided engaging and detailed responses to the user's question. They both described the character's survival strategies, allies encountered, and the importance of trust and instincts in a post-apocalyptic world. Both responses were relevant and accurate, with a good level of detail. It is difficult to differentiate between the two responses in terms of quality, as both assistants performed exceptionally well in addressing the user's question.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RsFZsrSQGvqkU9qRu6MzeE", "question_id": 31, "answer1_id": "8eovAhyvrKJEMWiVdYzByH", "answer2_id": "8RaBeMjxx2bCp2GKWv7YiP", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. They both offered multiple ways to determine if a restaurant is popular among locals or mainly attracts tourists, and they explained why this information might be useful. The level of detail in both responses is sufficient to guide the user in making informed decisions about where to dine. It's difficult to differentiate the quality of the two responses, as they both cover similar points and provide valuable information. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Do5xK3swjiBBXLCSxCZrJv", "question_id": 32, "answer1_id": "nvyaGEveLWBaxgXzriB93d", "answer2_id": "C65PZkmAfFfWRs4bPhyKqg", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, with a clear list of seven clues to look for, while Assistant 2 provided six clues. Both assistants covered similar points, but Assistant 1's response was more organized and easier to follow. Assistant 2's response was also helpful and relevant, but slightly less detailed and organized compared to Assistant 1. Overall, both assistants performed well, but Assistant 1 had a slight edge in terms of clarity and organization.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6coRp7diG94jbQfxFa2NTw", "question_id": 33, "answer1_id": "3xU2t6Yvx9EWpqfqvinNfH", "answer2_id": "4so4HTEjgDZKTqNAgkHHQX", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both covered the main reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app. The level of detail in both responses was sufficient to address the user's question. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more concise answer, while Assistant 2 elaborated a bit more on each point. However, both answers were of high quality and deserving of equal scores.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "neKDsPNtPp68GyPCK6C7wc", "question_id": 34, "answer1_id": "Mq6hzNziUxzQ2juPMDrv3h", "answer2_id": "FCYaiexEzdoLFPAwvTgDDm", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both mentioned key points such as body language, active listening, and follow-up as indicators of genuine interest in a conversation. Both responses were detailed and well-structured, making it easy for the reader to understand the points being made. It is difficult to differentiate between the two responses in terms of quality, as both assistants provided valuable information and covered the topic thoroughly. Therefore, both Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fsikYyNM5HZSFuwtez49zW", "question_id": 35, "answer1_id": "KU6BNNN8d6MLHyrA8nV4DB", "answer2_id": "76EPQDh4ZNxBMGqED9LEFi", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. They both listed several reasons why someone might prefer to shop at a small, locally-owned business instead of a large chain store, even if the prices are higher. The reasons provided by both assistants were similar, with some slight variations in wording and the order of the points. Both responses were well-structured and easy to understand, making it difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of quality. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6U9bZZbDKJLudgPjSVUJ6m", "question_id": 36, "answer1_id": "RpHbPLJamuknRRa3xU5bUF", "answer2_id": "cvBg3gyCyDuyESof3YXhTE", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and organized, with a clear list of factors to consider when assessing the credibility of a source. Assistant 2's response also provided valuable information, but it was less structured and had some overlap with Assistant 1's points. Both assistants emphasized the importance of checking the author's credentials, publication reputation, objectivity, and supporting evidence. Assistant 1 also mentioned evaluating the tone and verifying the information using reputable sources, which added value to their response. Overall, both assistants performed well, but Assistant 1's response was slightly more comprehensive and well-organized.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "UUzrSYFRn2RZDBvpse2Bvg", "question_id": 37, "answer1_id": "AFR3AJW4sSPLDLiAUvrL8s", "answer2_id": "kRgfUJ7qqkyZUnLd2fnnaX", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good general overview of the factors that may influence individual preferences for fear-inducing experiences, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed list of possible explanations, including brain chemistry, life experiences, personality traits, cultural factors, and learning. Assistant 2's response was slightly more comprehensive and informative, which is why it received a higher score. However, both responses were of high quality and addressed the question effectively.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Pi4zzV2gr6xqvZdLZJEU7k", "question_id": 38, "answer1_id": "esqiBYHa56ygcPU2ux2Pdx", "answer2_id": "J3YuizKcHQ74ydNyCcwgwu", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 provided a more detailed response, offering specific examples of how observing behavior can provide clues about cultural norms and expectations, such as dress codes, social hierarchy, communication styles, and customs and traditions. Assistant 2 also provided a relevant answer, discussing the importance of observing behavior to understand cultural norms, but provided fewer specific examples. Both answers were useful, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "eADSQUs3wpe48gow6zcWUf", "question_id": 39, "answer1_id": "NmuuKUipqt62QKuEHCuBWh", "answer2_id": "abWLpFojLpNPfDGHpuRSUG", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided thoughtful, nuanced, and detailed answers to the question. They both acknowledged the complexity of the issue and presented arguments for both sides, highlighting the benefits and risks of space exploration and addressing Earth's problems. Both assistants emphasized the importance of personal values and priorities in making a decision on this topic. The quality of the answers is very similar, and both assistants deserve a high score of 9 for their performance.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PZv2G3p5PXWEXDQNRgzUJL", "question_id": 40, "answer1_id": "3HypDqXt6tHieMDN7hWYCh", "answer2_id": "Ki4fkJvsoSxuQeSoj2AcBG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. They both emphasized the importance of striking a balance between job creation and technological progress. Assistant 1 provided examples of methods for promoting job creation, while Assistant 2 went a step further by discussing policies and programs aimed at creating new jobs in industries less susceptible to automation and retraining programs for displaced workers. Assistant 2 also mentioned the benefits of technological progress in various sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, communication, and energy production. This additional information and the more comprehensive approach give Assistant 2 a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "F3bgdb6Q7KPRcx5fkXYSDp", "question_id": 41, "answer1_id": "DmQtupeyNDrQFBccBRAsbD", "answer2_id": "GRQjYgAapNAVqzuZR4KQpf", "text": "7 5\nAssistant 1 provided a more accurate and detailed response, considering the average blink rate, waking hours, and lifespan. The explanation was clear and easy to follow. Assistant 2, on the other hand, made an error in calculating the number of blinks per day and provided a less accurate estimate. Additionally, Assistant 2's response was less organized and harder to follow.", "score": [7.0, 5.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "hAGDMdzkakkM7ZNFj4Se6h", "question_id": 42, "answer1_id": "froHv7kwRMYGWPXDQXk2Gw", "answer2_id": "SB5a2AiK224hB927vkqvYs", "text": "9 6\nAssistant 1 provided a more accurate and detailed response, using the average weight of a grain of salt and the molar mass of NaCl to calculate the number of atoms in a grain of salt. The explanation was clear and easy to follow, and the final result was reasonable. Assistant 2, on the other hand, made an incorrect assumption that the grain of salt is a sphere and used the diameter to calculate the volume. Additionally, the calculation of the concentration of atoms per unit volume was incorrect, leading to an inaccurate final result. While Assistant 2's response contained some useful information, it was less accurate and less helpful than Assistant 1's response.", "score": [9.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SuUVSbhzMDWFbSdwBEn7Si", "question_id": 43, "answer1_id": "ahktv9NqxZ2cYquTXwF42r", "answer2_id": "4XYycBrMiJgYKPof2P6xoe", "text": "9 7\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed and step-by-step explanation of how the estimated number of lightning strikes per day was calculated, taking into account the number of thunderstorms, the percentage that produce lightning, and the average number of strikes per thunderstorm. The final estimate of 1,972,600 lightning strikes per day was also accompanied by a note that some estimates range from 6 million to 100 million, acknowledging the variability in the data. Assistant 2, on the other hand, gave a more general explanation and provided an estimate of 100,000,000 lightning strikes per day without a clear calculation process. While both answers were relevant and accurate to some extent, Assistant 1's response was more helpful, precise, and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "kYsPQzYx3t8JAwKkNgXUZH", "question_id": 44, "answer1_id": "kqqPRaFqb3w9Ky9LGB3yKU", "answer2_id": "fpoXWHHdpv7XNBTS2NRY6d", "text": "8 7\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed and step-by-step explanation of the calculations needed to estimate the number of balloons required to lift a house like in the movie \"Up.\" They considered the weight of the house, the lifting capacity of a single balloon, and the total lifting capacity needed. They also acknowledged the limitations of the calculation, such as the weight of the balloon material and the need for proper organization to lift the house evenly. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a less detailed explanation and used different assumptions for the weight of the house and the lifting power of the balloons. While both assistants concluded that it is not feasible to lift a house with balloons in real life, Assistant 1's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate due to the detailed calculations and considerations provided.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dqbgKEeqNCuuTBhg5ovqfJ", "question_id": 45, "answer1_id": "946tQg8kS7GYPSm4qcV6Pt", "answer2_id": "GRXWdnzLLzmeZRU67PMTb7", "text": "8 6\nAssistant 1 provided a more helpful and detailed response by offering an estimate of the number of text messages sent globally in a minute, which was the main focus of the question. The assistant also explained the calculation process and acknowledged that the number is an estimate and may vary due to different factors. Assistant 2, on the other hand, focused on the difficulties of determining the exact number of text messages sent in a minute and did not provide an estimate or a calculation. While Assistant 2's response was relevant and accurate in terms of the challenges in tracking text messages, it did not directly address the user's request for an explanation of the reasoning behind an estimate.", "score": [8.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "DeEzTYEsG2B8nubmhaF4qc", "question_id": 46, "answer1_id": "cU3wut3Ta3ySbRHGxfwgjc", "answer2_id": "RTxk2jYsjYiiWMwcRjmfwu", "text": "8 6\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed and step-by-step explanation of the estimation process, using a reasonable assumption of 2,000 words per person per day and explaining the limitations of the estimate. Assistant 2's estimate of 10,000 to 20,000 words per person per day seems too high, and the final estimate of 100 billion words per day is significantly lower than Assistant 1's estimate. Assistant 1's response is more helpful, relevant, and accurate, while Assistant 2's response is less detailed and less accurate.", "score": [8.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nvDTZFCrXe6NSdcFqYWJDv", "question_id": 47, "answer1_id": "hQP784Ch2yq2b3BaXVBVX3", "answer2_id": "2J2Et6W8u2kXLTUgfYrPxe", "text": "8 7\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information in their responses. Assistant 1 gave a more precise estimation of the number of snowflakes by referring to the average snowfall in the United States and considering the size and shape of snowflakes. Assistant 2, while providing a detailed explanation of the factors affecting snowflake formation, did not provide a clear estimation of the number of snowflakes. Assistant 1's response was more focused on answering the question, while Assistant 2 provided more background information. Both responses were accurate and detailed, but Assistant 1's answer was more relevant to the question, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3S8Z26nA4rbyND5nJKqFWo", "question_id": 48, "answer1_id": "a92bStUFdq4LBcv3pa9y3Z", "answer2_id": "nSGoG9Z5g5VuCXgmQJJKrq", "text": "8 7\nAssistant 1 provided a more detailed response, including an estimation of the total number of books ever written and the average number of pages per book. Assistant 1 also acknowledged the limitations of the estimation and the fact that new books are being written and published every day. Assistant 2's response was also relevant and helpful, but it provided a lower estimate for the total number of books ever published and did not mention the limitations of the estimation as clearly as Assistant 1. Both assistants provided reasonable estimates, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and informative.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "d79neqK6LiNCsSu7yiWNZY", "question_id": 49, "answer1_id": "a2QAcAm9wJeP2BpyWQnhot", "answer2_id": "ScqJdUq9n5bp9qPv5WPqG5", "text": "9 7\nAssistant 1 provided a clear and concise explanation, directly addressing the question and using the correct time frame of 3.8 billion years ago for the beginning of life on Earth. The answer was easy to follow and included a reasonable approximation of the number of orbits. Assistant 2, on the other hand, used the age of the Earth (4.5 billion years) instead of the beginning of life (3.8 billion years) for the calculation, which made the answer less accurate and relevant to the question. However, Assistant 2 did provide some additional information about the Earth's orbit, which added some value to the response. Overall, Assistant 1's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, while Assistant 2's response was less accurate but still provided some useful information.", "score": [9.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "KFEzPSHMSp88iZ4MkBEPQQ", "question_id": 50, "answer1_id": "CrmusnxbTtGXF2varfcUd4", "answer2_id": "GdLFr88pCwsGpfRBRQQkyh", "text": "8 7\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and helpful answers to the question, explaining that it is impossible to determine the exact number of songs recorded throughout history. Assistant 1 provided a more detailed response, discussing the oldest known musical instrument, the Library of Congress's collection, and the importance of considering non-Western music. Assistant 2 also mentioned the invention of recording technology and the rise of digital music but provided fewer specific examples and details. Therefore, Assistant 1 receives a score of 8, and Assistant 2 receives a score of 7.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "MaeeytBPffy2qXeTWAgVb3", "question_id": 51, "answer1_id": "J9pZp6z2UUW7YcXgzUouqs", "answer2_id": "Sa7uNEbFGRFuXBAwau8sHS", "text": "8 7\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and thoughtful answers to the question. Assistant 1's response was more focused on the potential impact of the internet on the Renaissance period, discussing how it could have affected intellectual exchange, collaboration, and the democratization of knowledge. Assistant 2, on the other hand, emphasized the technological limitations of the era and the differences between the Renaissance and the digital age. While both responses were helpful and accurate, Assistant 1's answer was slightly more detailed and directly addressed the question, which is why it receives a higher score of 8, while Assistant 2 receives a 7.", "score": [8.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7YnF7KE5b7DmdJVd2CWhPg", "question_id": 52, "answer1_id": "67bYUQb6zru8ofiub7uNUi", "answer2_id": "T6Ar3cAEw3AmVVQTcCPp8N", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a good overview of the potential consequences of the Aztecs repelling the Spanish conquistadors, touching on the impact on the Aztec empire, the indigenous people of the Americas, and the potential interest of other European nations. Assistant 2, however, provided a slightly more detailed response, discussing the Aztec civilization's strengths, the potential resistance to European diseases, the possible maintenance of cultural and religious practices, and the potential for alliances with other indigenous groups. Both answers were informative, but Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bAfAwLcXniXktiqNsvDGFV", "question_id": 53, "answer1_id": "gAisnQTHWFLW8aa5fQPNJf", "answer2_id": "KiZQev5JEk2h6JYeQnFmtM", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant, accurate, and detailed responses to the question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more helpful, as it touched upon the impact of the Black Death on the medical field, hygiene practices, and cultural landscape, which Assistant 2 did not mention. Assistant 2's response was still informative, discussing the potential effects on demography, economy, and society, but it lacked the additional context provided by Assistant 1.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8vUuWHUHuEn2SUrzRcoV6v", "question_id": 54, "answer1_id": "4ZJCbj7T8BGzNhDqz7NSF4", "answer2_id": "cYiyYKKXM3GXkrZHAbX83S", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the potential impact of Newton's work on biology and the possible consequences for the field of physics. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed overview of Newton's contributions to various fields and discussed the difficulty in predicting the specific contributions he might have made to biology. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and provided a broader context, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FCJoqPdZYVBmAfS3VjFCkC", "question_id": 55, "answer1_id": "c6ixri3qqLfSBBnwMkgYB7", "answer2_id": "PQmMUdAAcBsAWmWaTvdHSU", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on the overall impact of the Beatles on music and society, while Assistant 2 went into more detail about the possible outcomes if the Beatles had never formed. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive, offering specific scenarios and covering various aspects of the music industry and culture, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bSZUNocHnjSSsxyUBMSUMu", "question_id": 56, "answer1_id": "c9AtDn7eeSYhtH854MQDDB", "answer2_id": "PorExChQ9VeYsPJptdgtsB", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 provided a slightly more detailed response, mentioning the impact of Turing's work on the development of computer technology and artificial intelligence, which adds value to the answer. Assistant 2, on the other hand, touched upon the possibility of alternative strategies and technologies being developed by the Allies, but did not go into as much detail as Assistant 1. Both assistants acknowledged the difficulty in predicting the exact outcome of the war without Turing's contributions, which is important to consider. Overall, both responses were informative and well-structured, but Assistant 1 provided a slightly more comprehensive answer.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "f3KTRaNot8TePqUPATMhRG", "question_id": 57, "answer1_id": "jYd2gg6MJH8hdqFSAJTaiR", "answer2_id": "249f6dSMwZRZVMmtxv6yDm", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 gave a clear overview of the consequences of not having the Suez Canal, touching on the impact on shipping routes, international trade, and the development of the region. Assistant 2, however, went into more detail about the longer and more treacherous route around the Cape of Good Hope, the impact on international trade, and the historical context of European colonization in Asia. Assistant 2 also mentioned the engineering and technological advancements required for the construction of the canal and its role in international conflicts. While both answers were informative, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive response, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "J5EKWhvGBjYM9kSttb7RBp", "question_id": 58, "answer1_id": "nZJ6LGJFegnHetutiAQtFm", "answer2_id": "nxa3m6kiAZwKgcMUBY8KYz", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. They both discussed the potential advancements in various fields such as science, technology, and governance that the Maya civilization could have made if they had not collapsed. Both assistants also mentioned the possible impact on the colonization of the Americas and the influence on neighboring civilizations. The level of detail in both responses is quite similar, and both assistants acknowledged the difficulty in predicting the exact outcomes. Therefore, both Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 receive a score of 9 for their overall performance.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jEWD6eqwH9jscVgJKDNDUg", "question_id": 59, "answer1_id": "dmEgLyeYNcwBZWHBak6Lap", "answer2_id": "DXFvhjCaKqQiBsFDCkXGMT", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question. Assistant 1 mentioned the Vikings and the possibility of indigenous peoples from Asia migrating to the Americas, while Assistant 2 focused more on the potential consequences of Columbus not discovering the Americas. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed and provided a clearer picture of the potential impact on the world, which is why it received a higher score. However, both responses were informative and addressed the question well.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RG6quoUjP9RfEhB7SBeQWU", "question_id": 60, "answer1_id": "bkuECkuy7YiDUcj9oJjdrZ", "answer2_id": "BCUK5VcpZK26jMJ2UMgR3E", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the question. Assistant 1 went into more detail about the potential impact on van Gogh's personal life, such as his mental health and financial situation, as well as the broader implications for art history. Assistant 2 also discussed the potential impact on van Gogh's art and personal life but did not delve as deeply into the broader implications for art history. Both assistants provided a well-rounded response, but Assistant 1's answer was slightly more detailed and comprehensive, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "KKYYAMWpuxxqpPCxYRjr3s", "question_id": 61, "answer1_id": "2PRjT7j3V6487xZREfQfuD", "answer2_id": "JHTKBrLVTp7bv5zW2uwYVW", "text": "8 6\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The function `count_occurrences()` is modular and can be reused.\n- Proper error handling is implemented when opening the file.\n- The code handles case sensitivity by converting the text to lowercase.\n- Comments are clear and concise, explaining the code's logic and functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not handle punctuation marks and special characters when comparing words.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- To handle punctuation marks and special characters, you can add a function to remove them from the words before comparing them with the search word.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is simple and easy to understand.\n- The program uses the `find` function to search for the given word in each line.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not handle case sensitivity.\n- The code does not handle punctuation marks and special characters when comparing words.\n- The code does not count multiple occurrences of the word in the same line.\n- The code lacks comments explaining the logic and functionality.\n- The code is not modular, making it harder to reuse the counting functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- To handle case sensitivity, convert the text and search word to lowercase before comparing.\n- To handle punctuation marks and special characters, remove them from the words before comparing them with the search word.\n- Use a loop to count multiple occurrences of the word in the same line.\n- Add comments to explain the code's logic and functionality.\n- Consider creating a separate function for counting occurrences to improve modularity.", "score": [8.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Be9fbF7prWfkJiLcaRNjLP", "question_id": 62, "answer1_id": "jWyN8NTdVix6CUoqfbRqVx", "answer2_id": "jyzD2deb9JAffRhhkk37r5", "text": "8 4\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to understand.\n- The implementation correctly solves the problem using dynamic programming.\n- The comments are clear and concise, explaining the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- There are no comments explaining the initialization of the 2D array 'm'.\n- The code could be more efficient by not initializing the 2D array with all zeros and then updating it.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to explain the initialization of the 2D array 'm'.\n- Consider initializing the 2D array 'm' with the appropriate values instead of all zeros.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is structured and readable.\n- The implementation attempts to solve the problem using dynamic programming.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not correctly implement the given problem statement, as it returns the minimum edit distance instead of the longest common subsequence.\n- The comments are not as clear and concise as they could be, making it harder to understand the code's logic and functionality.\n- The code initializes the 2D array with `float('inf')`, which is unnecessary and inefficient.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Modify the code to correctly implement the longest common subsequence problem.\n- Improve the comments to better explain the code's logic and functionality.\n- Consider initializing the 2D array with more appropriate values instead of `float('inf')`.", "score": [8.0, 4.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nD8SHmwjdEoLfodK7i8a9f", "question_id": 63, "answer1_id": "mx9G7gfKTCXCmNRaiMZQr9", "answer2_id": "jPGHEfp7FxhDyvRA6qEN3j", "text": "8 8\n\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided a working solution for validating email addresses using regular expressions in Python. Their code is accurate, efficient, and easy to understand. Both solutions are very similar, with only minor differences in variable names and print statements.\n\nStrengths:\n- Both solutions correctly implement the given problem statement.\n- The code is accurate and efficient in both cases.\n- Both solutions include clear and concise comments that explain the code's logic and functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- Both solutions use a simple regular expression that may not cover all edge cases for email validation. However, this is acceptable for a basic email validation implementation.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Both solutions could benefit from a more comprehensive regular expression that covers more edge cases for email validation. However, this is not a requirement for the given problem statement.\n- Assistant 2's solution could be improved by wrapping the email validation code in a function, similar to Assistant 1's solution. This would make the code more modular and reusable.", "score": [8.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "H9nS4Gsoe6nK5q2ebuhRk7", "question_id": 64, "answer1_id": "8LjpXk6Va5L2FBEwTU9YJ6", "answer2_id": "Ra9eTcAuNZPkPRnaHiQrak", "text": "8 4\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is simple and easy to understand.\n- The dynamic programming approach is implemented correctly using a list to store Fibonacci numbers.\n- The code is efficient and will work well for large values of n.\n- The example usage is helpful for understanding the function's usage.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code could benefit from more comments explaining the logic and functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to explain the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code attempts to use dynamic programming with a memoization table.\n- The base case for n = 0 and n = 1 is handled correctly.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not actually use the memoization table, making it inefficient for large values of n.\n- The recursive calls to the function do not use the memoization table, leading to redundant calculations.\n- The code structure is more complex than necessary.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Use the memoization table to store and retrieve previously calculated Fibonacci numbers.\n- Simplify the code structure by removing the unnecessary memoization table initialization and using a list to store Fibonacci numbers, similar to Assistant 1's approach.", "score": [8.0, 4.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "AeohqWsGLDJmqX83xZmNPF", "question_id": 65, "answer1_id": "BLC8fhAUeahFfrjBRiL9tx", "answer2_id": "5mbEFLEnEx8Cm2wEF8WAbM", "text": "9 8.5\n\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided correct and efficient implementations of the binary search algorithm. Their code is readable and well-structured. However, there are a few differences in their submissions.\n\nAssistant 1:\n- The code is clear and easy to understand.\n- The example usage provided is helpful for understanding how to use the function.\n- The variable names \"left\" and \"right\" are more descriptive than \"start\" and \"end\" used by Assistant 2.\n\nAssistant 2:\n- The code is also clear and easy to understand.\n- The explanation of the algorithm is more detailed, which is helpful for understanding how the algorithm works.\n- The variable names \"start\" and \"end\" are less descriptive than \"left\" and \"right\" used by Assistant 1.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Assistant 1 could provide a more detailed explanation of the algorithm, similar to Assistant 2.\n- Assistant 2 could use more descriptive variable names, such as \"left\" and \"right\", as used by Assistant 1.\n- Both assistants could add comments within the code to explain the logic and functionality of each step.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PhJVYMN4t8GbM7hsxJm47V", "question_id": 66, "answer1_id": "NAH245JGvMWF24FWZJagYp", "answer2_id": "KLbBzjbuwq4agAESQ9Wfpq", "text": "8 5\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The implementation is correct and efficient.\n- The comments are helpful and explain the code's logic and functionality.\n- The code adheres to proper coding standards and best practices.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code could benefit from a few more comments, especially for the `enqueue` and `dequeue` methods.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add more comments to explain the logic behind the `enqueue` and `dequeue` methods.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is readable and has a clear structure.\n- The `peek` and `is_empty` methods are implemented correctly.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The implementation of the `enqueue` and `dequeue` methods is incorrect, as it does not use two stacks to implement the queue.\n- The code does not adhere to proper coding standards and best practices, as it uses a mix of Python and C++ syntax.\n- The comments are not as helpful as they could be, and there are no comments for the `peek` and `is_empty` methods.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the implementation of the `enqueue` and `dequeue` methods to use two stacks.\n- Ensure that the code uses consistent syntax, preferably Python syntax.\n- Add more comments to explain the logic behind the `peek` and `is_empty` methods.", "score": [8.0, 5.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "gJz8gj8qVa2Co9HSotcUUQ", "question_id": 67, "answer1_id": "NKXTwB3WtfFcmQZbTxBP5o", "answer2_id": "ganAwetd9VTzEAiTtsskzX", "text": "7 5\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The code is easy to read and understand.\n- The function works correctly for the given problem statement.\n- The example provided is helpful for understanding the code's functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code uses an extra data structure (the 'common' list) which is against the problem statement's requirement.\n- The nested loops can be inefficient for large arrays.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- To avoid using an extra data structure, you can print the common elements directly instead of appending them to a list.\n- Consider using a more efficient algorithm, such as sorting the arrays and using two pointers to find common elements.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is easy to read and understand.\n- The example provided is helpful for understanding the code's functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code uses an extra data structure (the 'result' list) which is against the problem statement's requirement.\n- The nested loops can be inefficient for large arrays.\n- The code does not handle duplicate elements in the arrays, resulting in duplicate common elements in the output.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- To avoid using an extra data structure, you can print the common elements directly instead of appending them to a list.\n- Consider using a more efficient algorithm, such as sorting the arrays and using two pointers to find common elements.\n- Add a check to ensure that duplicate common elements are not printed.", "score": [7.0, 5.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "HnmQ6NkCSS8sumGzBnwkgo", "question_id": 68, "answer1_id": "5P7wPyrNwBrHNdJNrETS5h", "answer2_id": "LG6szQ3cqNRzUjXtZtXG94", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nf(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3\nf(2) = 5(8) - 4 + 3\nf(2) = 40 - 4 + 3\nf(2) = 39\n\nNow, I will evaluate the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3\nf(2) = 5(8) - 4 + 3\nf(2) = 40 - 1\nf(2) = 39\n\nAssistant 2:\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3\nf(2) = 5 * 8 - 2 + 3\nf(2) = 41 - 2 + 3\nf(2) = 40\n\nAssistant 1 has the correct answer and followed the correct steps. Assistant 2 made a mistake in the second step, where they incorrectly calculated 5 * 8 - 2 as 41 instead of 40. This led to an incorrect final answer of 40.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 6\n\nAssistant 1 performed better in this case.", "score": [10, 6], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "c5XdU8rAprsY8V5j7CGAe2", "question_id": 69, "answer1_id": "UmnL4WoucBduFpX4jptkNU", "answer2_id": "LHMnXGbSZubeZJcr5fgrte", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\n3x + 10 = 5(x - 2)\n\n3x + 10 = 5x - 10 (use the distributive property)\n\n-2x = -20 (subtract 3x from both sides)\n\nx = 10 (divide both sides by -2)\n\nTherefore, x = 10.\n\nNow, I will evaluate the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe steps provided by Assistant 1 are correct, and the final answer is x = 10.\n\nAssistant 2:\nThe steps provided by Assistant 2 are incorrect. The assistant made an error in step 2 by subtracting 5x from both sides, which resulted in an incorrect equation. The rest of the steps are also incorrect due to this initial error.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 1\n\nAssistant 1 performed better and provided the correct solution to the problem.", "score": [10, 1], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3T6zyEyabtCSmED9WgtDSm", "question_id": 70, "answer1_id": "Hymm673GkY5tXNaTFeNUBZ", "answer2_id": "TGENVWL5iAYi4NCf5jAzKy", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nThe distance formula is given by:\n\ndistance = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)\n\nPlugging in the coordinates of the given endpoints, we get:\n\ndistance = sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2)\ndistance = sqrt(8^2 + 6^2)\ndistance = sqrt(64 + 36)\ndistance = sqrt(100)\ndistance = 10\n\nNow, I will examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe steps followed by Assistant 1 are correct, and the final answer is also correct.\n\nAssistant 2:\nThe steps followed by Assistant 2 are incorrect. The mistake occurs in the calculation of the differences between the coordinates:\n\nIncorrect: sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2) = sqrt(18^2 + 4^2)\nCorrect: sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2) = sqrt(8^2 + 6^2)\n\nThe final answer provided by Assistant 2 is incorrect.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 4\n\nAssistant 1 performed better in this case, as they followed the correct steps and provided the correct answer. Assistant 2 made a calculation mistake in the distance formula, leading to an incorrect answer.", "score": [10, 4], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2FNQ97Hnop7zu525REHpPh", "question_id": 71, "answer1_id": "PUzddJ35E3WsM7BDQ9E59i", "answer2_id": "kc9oytarvqyNVVfGZz93EL", "text": "9 9.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's request for a formal email proposing a joint venture. Both responses included appropriate greetings, introductions, and explanations of the proposed partnership. Assistant 2's response was slightly more detailed, including the proposal of establishing a new jointly-owned company and suggesting a meeting to discuss the proposal further. However, both responses were of high quality and would be useful to the user.", "score": [9.0, 9.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jbBS3mJXgYxGnnjhamALro", "question_id": 72, "answer1_id": "6Q72hZCtDkgq379yhdmN5N", "answer2_id": "NxstpvVEnGMny3jECtvrw2", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate resignation letter samples. They both addressed the user's request to leave on good terms and express gratitude for the opportunities provided. The level of detail in both responses is appropriate, and both letters are well-structured and professionally written. It is difficult to differentiate between the two responses in terms of quality, as both are excellent examples of resignation letters.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "TzDXKHsob9xTKFdvCMvyVn", "question_id": 73, "answer1_id": "ReXnHy9C8SwcYPAep6gvJg", "answer2_id": "XN9NBpeQJiQqGT5UYkys7N", "text": "9 9\n\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided well-structured, detailed, and relevant formal letters of recommendation for a student applying to a prestigious graduate program in computer science. Both letters included essential elements such as the sender's and recipient's information, a clear introduction, a thorough explanation of the student's academic achievements, and a strong conclusion. Both letters were accurate, relevant, and helpful in addressing the user's request. Therefore, I believe both assistants deserve a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "X2tMhW8rQLckXYViCjz5ZM", "question_id": 74, "answer1_id": "cKk5zZe8yYY4JH3kr5pGXG", "answer2_id": "3qMqAZcfHUVUTEJnMXT8Pw", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided relevant and detailed responses to the user's request. Assistant 1's email was well-structured and included benefits and features of the software solution, as well as a special introductory offer. However, Assistant 2's response was slightly more precise, as it mentioned the target audience and market, and provided a clearer list of key features. Additionally, Assistant 2's email was more personalized by mentioning the company name and offering a demo. Both emails were helpful and accurate, but Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and tailored to the user's request.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "EcpwAYWnZD8YF8kvKNAwBy", "question_id": 75, "answer1_id": "c5rwA3cPjytSGcn7H8dZ6Q", "answer2_id": "hMXjd228Mc8pnc7zgd2frG", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate responses to the user's question. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed, including information about the cause of the delay, the steps taken to resolve the issue, and measures to prevent future delays. Assistant 2's response was also well-written and addressed the issue, but it lacked the specific details about the cause and resolution that Assistant 1 provided. Overall, both responses were of high quality, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and informative.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LQhfYPFfLcwFPAb5KCJzmS", "question_id": 76, "answer1_id": "XZGPtBo86KfF9REZ36s2X5", "answer2_id": "gUEd9nNepqy8nsfbypscHx", "text": "9 8\nAssistant 1 provided a well-structured script for a YouTube video, including visual cues and narration, which made it more engaging and informative. The response covered the origins of jazz, its evolution, and its cultural significance, as well as mentioning jazz festivals and clubs. Assistant 2 also provided a good response, discussing the history and cultural significance of jazz, its influence on other genres, and its role in the civil rights movement. However, Assistant 2's response was less engaging and lacked the visual cues and structure of a video script, which is why Assistant 1 received a higher score. Both responses were relevant, accurate, and detailed, but Assistant 1's response was better suited for a YouTube video script.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "M8dSLebM2csXbgXd5r59X2", "question_id": 77, "answer1_id": "DRncHCsdGji756efDhacUT", "answer2_id": "nZZyn3SAvU8T2BVR73LMHC", "text": "9 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided engaging and well-written travel blog posts about a recent trip to Hawaii. They both highlighted cultural experiences, such as attending a luau and watching hula performances, and must-see attractions like Waikiki Beach and Haleakala National Park. The level of detail and accuracy in both responses was excellent, and both assistants effectively conveyed the excitement and beauty of a trip to Hawaii. It is difficult to choose one over the other, as both responses were equally helpful, relevant, and engaging. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "APtBcAMY9tVW7nyE4g2ZAA", "question_id": 78, "answer1_id": "Y5rCQHHDA6WNfhRcB6QboG", "answer2_id": "YM4qjUM5VfmWnzM3HXRB4G", "text": "9 8.5\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided captivating movie reviews for a recently released science fiction film. Assistant 1's response was slightly more detailed and engaging, with a more in-depth discussion of the plot, characters, and special effects. The review also mentioned the character development and growth throughout the film. Assistant 2's response was also well-written and engaging, but it was slightly less detailed in comparison. Both reviews were relevant, accurate, and helpful, but Assistant 1's response had a slight edge in terms of depth and detail.", "score": [9.0, 8.5], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Z5Rhru7as3Yhk8ZXjzfPe4", "question_id": 79, "answer1_id": "Lea4wh5n6GsEkBnKsntN64", "answer2_id": "WcbzNkzu5q66QkK92NxmGB", "text": "9 8\nAssistant 1 provided a well-structured podcast script with clear sections, covering the music industry before streaming, the rise of streaming platforms, their impact on artists and the industry, and the future of music streaming. Assistant 2 also provided a good podcast script, but it was less detailed and structured compared to Assistant 1. Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive and organized, making it easier to follow and understand the flow of the podcast.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "kw3p4X9zBGtVDfPDRoJwRE", "question_id": 80, "answer1_id": "gdLxzcypTeuD6ToC6HWnXh", "answer2_id": "Tfm4f2mbpKJsa8MT6exs8D", "text": "9 9\n\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided well-written and detailed symphony concert reviews that discussed the orchestra's performance and the overall audience experience. Both reviews were engaging and captured the essence of a symphony concert, making it difficult to differentiate between the two in terms of helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, and level of detail. Therefore, both assistants receive a score of 9.", "score": [9.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/review/review_llama-13b_vicuna-13b.jsonl ================================================ {"review_id": "WFp5i5yjjFethrgugKTDmX", "question_id": 1, "answer1_id": "J3UA6eGXGyFeUGqGpP3g34", "answer2_id": "cV4zXygaNP6CXEsgdHMEqz", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about improving time management skills. Assistant 1 offered a more detailed list of strategies, with 16 points, while Assistant 2 provided a slightly shorter list with 7 points. Both assistants covered similar topics, but Assistant 1 included additional suggestions such as managing stress, getting enough sleep, and striking a balance. Assistant 2's answer was well-structured and concise, but Assistant 1's response was more comprehensive, which is why Assistant 1 receives a 9 and Assistant 2 receives an 8.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "VFr7STcg4Yss7qHrgKZtJ2", "question_id": 2, "answer1_id": "jZVDNTtFnNNd6vgkGjzAGa", "answer2_id": "3zpPUeoVsPWXtKMV7cAhZ6", "text": "9 8\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate answers to the question about effective ways to deal with stress. Assistant 1 provided a more detailed response with 10 suggestions, while Assistant 2 provided 8 suggestions. Both assistants covered similar points, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, social support, and seeking professional help. Assistant 1, however, included additional suggestions like improving time management and developing a support network, which added more value to their response. Therefore, Assistant 1 receives a 9, and Assistant 2 receives an 8.", "score": [9.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "4cn29wYPaXYEyypZC5UBFh", "question_id": 3, "answer1_id": "NbSxRXf8Yuvjr7HC6AvrPw", "answer2_id": "6xpiZJE4vxxGqjRogPfBk7", "text": "4 8\nAssistant 1's response is repetitive and contains several incorrect statements, making it less helpful and accurate. Assistant 2's response is more concise, accurate, and relevant, providing a clear comparison between Python and JavaScript, which makes it more helpful and informative.", "score": [4.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "QfbSxZhq2a3unPfDqPXWzm", "question_id": 4, "answer1_id": "E9zrPDdncYvAebEaxiPXfx", "answer2_id": "abitTVu2Dz8rdMxyThvFyJ", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful and relevant tips for increasing productivity while working from home. Assistant 1's response was well-organized and concise, covering important aspects such as setting up a workspace, blocking distractions, taking breaks, avoiding multitasking, having an organized schedule, and setting goals. Assistant 2's response was more detailed and covered additional points such as getting dressed for work, scheduling meetings, and staying connected with colleagues and loved ones. While both responses were accurate and useful, Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and provided a slightly better level of detail, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZhokYAotAEkh6QQMkjJeDi", "question_id": 5, "answer1_id": "36TYpADDHAfRvtvKitfSXR", "answer2_id": "UMZod8JaWia9KB2EVXdYrF", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and simple explanation of quantum computing, mentioning the use of qubits and the advantage of quantum computers in solving certain problems more efficiently. However, the response lacked depth and details. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive explanation, covering the basics of quantum computing, the use of qubits, and the different approaches to building quantum computers. The response also mentioned potential applications of quantum computing, making it more informative and helpful overall.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RWRpNF3RZiurzyAKHRggx4", "question_id": 6, "answer1_id": "8vtLLYRM352mZ8PXXbwzBT", "answer2_id": "WXRCqF34f4UUJzd3xbgAqT", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and accurate response, but it lacked details and only mentioned the difference in amino acid profiles. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive answer, discussing nutritional value, absorption, sustainability, health effects, ethical considerations, and cost. This made Assistant 2's response more helpful and informative, earning it a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ngDhYdQ3bPkbvctvpoJoxJ", "question_id": 7, "answer1_id": "mrCniyWYvAtxWhgMdXq2BG", "answer2_id": "JREJbG5ZKXCNMoWoiJQxbC", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information on how to develop critical thinking skills. Assistant 1 offered four suggestions, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed list of ten tips. Both answers were accurate and relevant to the question. However, Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and provided a wider range of strategies, which is why it receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "efxZ8mmetiunsqv5AVCcKD", "question_id": 8, "answer1_id": "S8fmdbvpvbgTUyDU9V3M3N", "answer2_id": "mmVwmX6TGJ2Y72gCNac4EQ", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and accurate response, but it was limited in detail and only focused on one major challenge, which is the lack of skilled teachers. On the other hand, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive and detailed answer, covering a wide range of challenges faced by the education sector today, such as access and affordability, quality and standards, technology integration, curriculum development, teacher training and development, accountability and assessment, equity and inclusion, and sustainability. This makes Assistant 2's response more helpful and informative for the user.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "PmxhqvF7E6Z6YmQBHW8SB6", "question_id": 9, "answer1_id": "KmuNjvNKRyaFwaBZTLArcG", "answer2_id": "DMTZyzd4rRAFV43xtBJ9ns", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 listed eight factors influencing consumer behavior, while Assistant 2 listed six factors. Both answers covered psychological, social, economic, and marketing factors. However, Assistant 2's response was more concise and better organized, making it easier to understand. Assistant 1's answer had some redundancy, such as mentioning reference groups and family twice in different categories. Overall, Assistant 2 provided a slightly better response due to its clarity and organization.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "9iqa3D5izqdMoruHKiihWk", "question_id": 10, "answer1_id": "HNNT9k5htiMeRwNSD6dcz4", "answer2_id": "dETAsj4xHnUCSTkZezz8aM", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a list of conflict resolution strategies but did not elaborate on them, making the answer less detailed and informative. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive list of strategies with clear explanations, making it more helpful, relevant, and accurate. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7e22Cc8mBiHN9uszBKvh8A", "question_id": 11, "answer1_id": "ChXjhDDikxU9FV3CADs6Ym", "answer2_id": "C8ksZxg3LshMUWiLxPanbt", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information regarding the implications of using single-use plastic bottles versus reusable bottles on the environment and human health. Assistant 1 focused on the environmental problems caused by single-use plastic bottles and briefly mentioned the health risks associated with the chemicals used in their manufacturing. Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive response, covering both environmental and health impacts in greater detail, and also mentioned the benefits of using reusable bottles. Assistant 2's response was more structured and provided a clearer overview of the topic, which is why it received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oJVZyBDNFhHuRPkUqf3qEC", "question_id": 12, "answer1_id": "5wsPnN3VmmSkahgugFNo7u", "answer2_id": "NeHhRc5P5uAU8eWSJBRkhG", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information in their responses. Assistant 1 focused on the needs of people with disabilities, mentioning accessible stops, routes, vehicles, ramps, elevators, signage, facilities, and information. However, Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive response, addressing not only accessibility for people with disabilities but also considering seniors and those without personal vehicles. Assistant 2 also mentioned route design, scheduling, customer service, information and communication, safety, and affordability, which makes their response more detailed and well-rounded. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dKQtFqgZw9Uk7GsD9oCpJF", "question_id": 13, "answer1_id": "NRGZGnU2sPN3ShMe9C3fMn", "answer2_id": "KAJ7UVwu8oCKyxZj9j82pm", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a response that focused solely on fiscal policy and did not address monetary policy, which is an important aspect of the question. The response also incorrectly categorized interest rate changes as fiscal policy, when they are actually part of monetary policy. Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive answer, covering both fiscal and monetary policies and their respective examples. Assistant 2 also mentioned the potential consequences of using these policies, which adds to the quality of the answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score for a more accurate and complete response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "nMw34PnYdGMNbLEiNwJ8mb", "question_id": 14, "answer1_id": "inKimHkWsXShQBTRmxr5Yg", "answer2_id": "NnWfaeRe8PmitgmV4u5fY8", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and accurate response, but it was quite brief and lacked specific examples. Assistant 2, on the other hand, offered a more detailed and comprehensive answer, including specific ways in which language and cultural barriers can affect communication and relationships in multicultural societies. This made Assistant 2's response more helpful and informative, earning it a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "iDS9f8GfKKavmsTwE4qMLp", "question_id": 15, "answer1_id": "H8aKtWwf8m6Lgxc2YyR2yf", "answer2_id": "WiGpqKRRwWonwgU95piNNc", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a list of applications of AI in healthcare, but did not specifically describe a scenario as requested. The answer was relevant and accurate, but not as detailed as it could have been. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive response, describing a scenario where AI is used to analyze patient data, automate routine tasks, monitor patients remotely, develop personalized treatment plans, and analyze medical research. The answer was more detailed, relevant, and accurate, making it a better response to the question.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7QUNx3aR6g6LHSuNoEmcbn", "question_id": 16, "answer1_id": "PafVwxMsjSkYUETiVBgxTU", "answer2_id": "iangiZeex5ndxAXnWMrxBW", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, its potential applications, and ethical implications. Assistant 1 gave a brief overview of the process, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed explanation, including the two repair mechanisms, HDR and NHR. Assistant 2 also discussed a wider range of potential applications and ethical concerns, making their response more comprehensive and informative. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "gTqC8kz9Kbnz2LkELTzSHx", "question_id": 17, "answer1_id": "dmDUAfTP4aERJqqSeDBybu", "answer2_id": "XnMRLphzYQX4QRNht7tbui", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about vaccinations and herd immunity. Assistant 1 gave a brief explanation of how vaccinations work and what herd immunity is, which is useful for a quick understanding. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response, explaining the concept of herd immunity in greater depth, including the critical threshold needed for herd immunity to be effective. Assistant 2 also emphasized the importance of vaccinations for both individuals and the community, which adds value to the response. Overall, Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and informative, earning a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bdRgXZzZVxLiweFqFnJipG", "question_id": 18, "answer1_id": "8KGSSqbLqVdSZMEN9oCv5R", "answer2_id": "HZc37bwy646mRzbqSsDAob", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the influence of social media platforms on news consumption and the spread of misinformation. Assistant 1 focused on the speed of news access, the sharing of news within communities, the incentive for sensationalist content, and the sharing of controversial news. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed response, discussing personalization, virality, amplification, filter bubbles, confirmation bias, and the lack of fact-checking. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and covered a wider range of factors, which is why it received a slightly higher score. Both assistants, however, provided valuable insights into the topic.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "AAvjdtgEkKA35V7AWttJXh", "question_id": 19, "answer1_id": "HbnJXJpPfaM2iX3ek4Epvy", "answer2_id": "iJrMatLrMdJyyqMx9uJ45a", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response started by listing a large number of interventions but failed to address the main question about how cultural, social, and economic factors influence food choices. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more relevant and detailed response, discussing the impact of cultural, social, and economic factors on food choices and how this knowledge can be used to promote healthier diets. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, accurate, and relevant to the question, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "8h5XnzGfNZSfqcnRBb5ioB", "question_id": 20, "answer1_id": "mx8Abfz5PtDcn6jgCA8zhM", "answer2_id": "oVEHqDnDTEADZSFfKgFTZd", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response started off well by explaining the basic concept of natural selection but then veered off into discussing population size and genetic drift, which are not directly related to the process of natural selection. The response was not as focused and detailed as it should have been. Assistant 2 provided a much clearer and more comprehensive explanation of natural selection, detailing the steps involved in the process and how it contributes to the evolution and adaptation of species. The response was relevant, accurate, and detailed, making it more helpful overall.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "CAksX9yGXbLd2gHv3Pg97a", "question_id": 21, "answer1_id": "NuS9PUGkJG2pHscArvfyeF", "answer2_id": "WLAj4u59bj2oEXzahF79ek", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and relevant response, but it lacked the detail and formality expected in a medieval knight's introduction. Assistant 2, on the other hand, offered a more comprehensive and well-structured response, including a respectful speech that showcased the knight's humility, loyalty, and dedication to the kingdom. This response was more fitting for the context of a royal banquet and demonstrated a better understanding of the medieval knight's role and etiquette.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "SKHF8XUbwstcDNeHXoGHFk", "question_id": 22, "answer1_id": "SPjzirzbzo3UJ8BHXSgY9y", "answer2_id": "fJPnM2XcRveW2zR4DDaeTb", "text": "8 9\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and helpful response, suggesting that the crew would be motivated by the promise of treasure and the potential to become the best pirate ship in the world. However, the answer could have been more detailed and engaging. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more immersive and detailed response, with a well-crafted motivational speech that touched on the crew's sense of adventure, determination, and camaraderie. The speech was engaging and relevant to the question, and the disclaimer at the beginning was a responsible touch.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oKLigaxgtBdQkCUrYuNwNt", "question_id": 23, "answer1_id": "JkeeC4MZVwybPU8DSbusnT", "answer2_id": "fY4Xed6veWpcKfj5krZz8m", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and accurate explanation of a soliloquy and gave an example from Romeo and Juliet, but did not create a new soliloquy as requested. Assistant 2, on the other hand, understood the request and crafted an original soliloquy in a Shakespearean style, demonstrating creativity and relevance to the question. Both assistants were helpful and provided accurate information, but Assistant 2 went above and beyond in addressing the user's request, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "emz8g7aZzAyeWf6GJmVcbQ", "question_id": 24, "answer1_id": "UcfKSXuzBPkZzLHsH4EwQz", "answer2_id": "LqFJA2JQbBXP77nkYjtrZK", "text": "4 9\nAssistant 1's response was not relevant to the question, as it focused on the AI's own origin story rather than providing an explanation of a superhero's origin story for a curious child. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a relevant and engaging response that explained the origin story of a superhero in a manner that a child could understand. The response was detailed, accurate, and demonstrated empathy and compassion, which are important qualities for a superhero.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "CY8hhNosMQqsLCJi8PwE8J", "question_id": 25, "answer1_id": "cEGdo69FwL2Y3teYkMk9Gp", "answer2_id": "WxCKcRstJPXTXnqEzSX3Hg", "text": "8 9\nBoth assistants provided helpful, relevant, and accurate information about the technological advancements from the year 3000. Assistant 1 focused on five advancements, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed response with six advancements. Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive, covering a wider range of technologies and providing more context for each advancement. This is why Assistant 2 received a slightly higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "idohdDHu3UbYHVem9vpHzG", "question_id": 26, "answer1_id": "W28UtVDZTcWwa8TmeruRn4", "answer2_id": "dgPJ7DvtFHD7mxtRwzM3vW", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response was confusing and contained several inconsistencies, making it difficult to understand the winning play. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a clear and engaging description of the winning play, capturing the excitement and drama of the final moments of a championship game. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, earning a higher score.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "BDya8NbCTo9jFshoiP5yuF", "question_id": 27, "answer1_id": "j65UyAfRdAcWBAEinXJzBK", "answer2_id": "ADX83sWvjJkewJX6JmYUzQ", "text": "7 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general description of a chicken fried rice dish, but it lacked the depth and detail expected from a world-famous chef describing their signature dish. Assistant 2, on the other hand, delivered a more engaging, detailed, and eloquent response that showcased the chef's passion, creativity, and technique. The description of flavors, textures, and presentation in Assistant 2's response was more immersive and convincing, making it a better overall performance.", "score": [7.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FmKtMUW7zJovkwFfoqbD5T", "question_id": 28, "answer1_id": "VWuywPvFPK42ZxmHpmQ27y", "answer2_id": "ihNG3rwsrt95NDhCAFeSDR", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response was somewhat helpful but lacked accuracy and detail in describing the view from the summit of Mount Everest. The description of green trees and bushes is not accurate, as the summit is covered in snow and ice. Assistant 2 provided a more accurate and detailed response, describing the emotions a climber might feel and the breathtaking view from the summit. Additionally, Assistant 2 mentioned the importance of proper training, experience, and equipment, which adds value to the response.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "TeDK6wCoeXdgfQt8y4GSv4", "question_id": 29, "answer1_id": "AUWSLTAvGV5sP9qLsVyzjT", "answer2_id": "Gmhqf3z4LvVfwPNFJ89BKd", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided relevant and detailed responses to the user's question. Assistant 1 focused more on the environmental challenges of living on Mars, such as temperature, gravity, and the thin atmosphere. They also discussed the challenges of isolation, boredom, and stress. Assistant 2 provided a more structured response, outlining a daily routine and addressing the challenges faced in each aspect of the day. Both assistants mentioned the importance of food and communication with Earth. Assistant 2's response was slightly more helpful as it provided a clearer picture of daily life on Mars and addressed the mental health aspect of living on another planet.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "4PncefRDDBxughK6btkF8X", "question_id": 30, "answer1_id": "GZtEdKLxmUUbenH4XRyLkE", "answer2_id": "gSwkKJCn6qDnNZond2xVJ3", "text": "4 9\nAssistant 1's response was not helpful or relevant to the question, as it did not provide any description of a character in a post-apocalyptic world, their survival, or the allies they encounter. Instead, it provided instructions on how to answer the question, which was not what the user asked for. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a detailed and relevant response that described a character's survival in a post-apocalyptic world, their alliances, and their encounters with other survivors. The response was engaging and painted a vivid picture of the character's experiences, making it a much better answer to the user's question.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "XyNjnkLJfqYKP6oa98qJ3t", "question_id": 31, "answer1_id": "kba2Xpb75rUfnskZSzrBas", "answer2_id": "8RaBeMjxx2bCp2GKWv7YiP", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response was less detailed and less accurate, as it only mentioned the crowd as an indicator of a restaurant's popularity among locals or tourists. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive list of factors to consider, such as crowd composition, reservations, parking, pricing, and menu offerings. Additionally, Assistant 2 explained the usefulness of this information in terms of personal preferences, time of year, recommendations, and price range. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed than Assistant 1's response.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "TsVnQN38oyCHbFPm54rGsq", "question_id": 32, "answer1_id": "RCaptsMBYXseVJgjJyyvUh", "answer2_id": "C65PZkmAfFfWRs4bPhyKqg", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 listed six subtle clues, while Assistant 2 provided six as well but with more detailed explanations. Assistant 2's answer also included more diverse clues, such as interrupting or talking over others and aggressively defending their position. Assistant 1's answer had some redundancy, such as points 3 and 6, which could have been combined. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and detailed, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RWooMSFE499SFJvkcdhvtG", "question_id": 33, "answer1_id": "2CeidEr7Cjj6YgcuaiPgnN", "answer2_id": "4so4HTEjgDZKTqNAgkHHQX", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant answer, but it was not as detailed and comprehensive as Assistant 2's response. Assistant 2 listed several reasons why someone might choose to use a paper map or ask for directions instead of relying on a GPS device or smartphone app, covering aspects such as preference, planning, reliability, safety, and privacy. This made Assistant 2's answer more informative and helpful compared to Assistant 1's response, which only mentioned the general idea of seeing the big picture.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "94Qr8aVXJeB5mG2o9reTVa", "question_id": 34, "answer1_id": "kpStLLNWNkGHyRFdKsmDds", "answer2_id": "FCYaiexEzdoLFPAwvTgDDm", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant answer, but it was less detailed and focused mainly on the person's actions and tone of voice. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive response, listing five specific clues to look for when determining if someone is genuinely interested in a conversation or simply being polite. This answer was more helpful, accurate, and detailed, which is why Assistant 2 receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bf6Gu6BoDbhVVYH7BerRFC", "question_id": 35, "answer1_id": "PFtMQp4X4MrMYkEa8c8CKG", "answer2_id": "76EPQDh4ZNxBMGqED9LEFi", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant answers to the question. Assistant 1 focused on supporting the local community, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, while Assistant 2 provided a more detailed list of reasons, including supporting the local community, personal connection, unique products, sustainability, customer service, and prestige. Assistant 2's answer was more comprehensive and covered a wider range of reasons, which is why it received a slightly higher score. However, both answers were accurate and relevant to the question.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "jFqudZJFnj8DsYtWepyr8w", "question_id": 36, "answer1_id": "4JwjhR5QVsdYgQupSZrfUp", "answer2_id": "cvBg3gyCyDuyESof3YXhTE", "text": "8 9\nBoth Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 provided helpful and relevant information on assessing the credibility of a source of information. Assistant 1 focused on checking the publisher's reliability, the author's credentials and background, and the credibility of the sources cited in the article. Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and structured response, listing seven specific steps to assess credibility, including checking the author's credentials, publication's reputation, objectivity, supporting evidence, date of publication, corroboration, and maintaining skepticism. Assistant 2's response is more comprehensive and actionable, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [8.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "WVQdm2vKM58JfqENPtDoZV", "question_id": 37, "answer1_id": "ednPMy4dvW9CgKg2PJsBqW", "answer2_id": "kRgfUJ7qqkyZUnLd2fnnaX", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general answer, mentioning that people enjoy being scared because it can be exciting and exhilarating, while others avoid it because it can be unpleasant and frightening. However, Assistant 2 provided a more detailed and comprehensive response, discussing various factors such as brain chemistry, life experiences, personality traits, cultural factors, and learning. Assistant 2's answer is more helpful and informative, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7iXRhpSdjNTnDCokDUiQkv", "question_id": 38, "answer1_id": "ehPApSqCniyGN7hd332ToW", "answer2_id": "J3YuizKcHQ74ydNyCcwgwu", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and helpful response, but it was quite brief and only offered a single example. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and comprehensive answer, explaining how culture is learned and transmitted through social interactions, and offering examples of different cultural norms. Assistant 2 also mentioned the importance of observing reactions and responses to different situations, which adds more depth to the answer. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score for providing a more thorough and informative response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "AqhznsybzBuLPTHNsjY8Aw", "question_id": 39, "answer1_id": "bLvdcqSwgSCrUPZ8eQLLqb", "answer2_id": "abWLpFojLpNPfDGHpuRSUG", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief but relevant response, touching on some benefits of space exploration. However, the answer lacked depth and did not address the moral obligation aspect of the question. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive and balanced response, discussing both sides of the argument and offering points to consider when forming an opinion. The answer also acknowledged the complexity and nuance of the issue, making it more helpful and informative.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RyhZiSzP5iu3JZQZ6kp5GZ", "question_id": 40, "answer1_id": "8tx5GEHjSRKZRaZwHvLoM8", "answer2_id": "Ki4fkJvsoSxuQeSoj2AcBG", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a relevant and accurate response, but it lacked the level of detail that Assistant 2 provided. Assistant 1 mentioned the importance of balancing job creation and technological progress but did not provide specific examples or suggestions on how to achieve this balance. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive answer, discussing the potential benefits of technological progress and the importance of addressing the social and economic impacts of automation. Assistant 2 also suggested policies and programs that could help strike a balance between job creation and technological progress. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more helpful and detailed, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YCoUoinB2iMTNbyyURn8b6", "question_id": 41, "answer1_id": "J6TzFQAyiHs6Arijqwxtrm", "answer2_id": "GRQjYgAapNAVqzuZR4KQpf", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided a good estimate of the number of blinks in a lifetime but made an error in the calculation. The correct calculation should be 20,000 blinks/day * 29,415 days = 588,300,000 blinks (for the lower estimate) and 30,000 blinks/day * 29,415 days = 882,450,000 blinks (for the higher estimate). Assistant 2 provided a more detailed step-by-step explanation, considering factors like sleep and varying blink rates. However, Assistant 2's calculation of 4,996,800 blinks in a lifetime seems to be incorrect, as it should be 20,000 blinks/day * 29,200 days = 584,000,000 blinks (assuming 80 years of age). Both assistants provided helpful information, but Assistant 2's response was more detailed and considered more factors, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Xe2MUtxdQ47DQKstUXbbV7", "question_id": 42, "answer1_id": "f7xAtd3wwc4vP7WSnHffAN", "answer2_id": "SB5a2AiK224hB927vkqvYs", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1 provided an answer with a wide range of atoms (10^22 to 10^23) without explaining the reasoning behind the numbers. Assistant 2, on the other hand, gave a detailed explanation of the calculation process, including the assumptions made, the formulas used, and the intermediate steps. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RdK3FHY7HRvju6zxNdX97d", "question_id": 43, "answer1_id": "eRMyp4AbfgBqtbVZzHupFN", "answer2_id": "4XYycBrMiJgYKPof2P6xoe", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided an answer with specific numbers, but the numbers given were incorrect, stating 50 million strikes per day instead of the correct estimate of 100 million. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more accurate estimate of 100 million lightning strikes per day and also explained the factors that contribute to the number of lightning strikes, such as electrical charge, weather conditions, and location. Assistant 2's response was more detailed and accurate, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7wcEec9TX2aNeG8qC53m2V", "question_id": 44, "answer1_id": "kjKb6YG86FfAh22qCePV4V", "answer2_id": "fpoXWHHdpv7XNBTS2NRY6d", "text": "6 8\nAssistant 1's response had some errors in calculations and assumptions, which led to an incorrect conclusion. The response assumed that 12L of helium weighs 2 pounds, which is incorrect. Assistant 2's response was more accurate and detailed, explaining that lifting a house with balloons is not feasible in real life and providing a hypothetical calculation based on the movie's technology. Although the lifting power of 100 pounds per balloon was an assumption, the response was more relevant and helpful in explaining the impracticality of the scenario.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2uaVnAXLgg4vmPVBd64p3c", "question_id": 45, "answer1_id": "ULtkGu6m6tB4tawFStVdJM", "answer2_id": "GRXWdnzLLzmeZRU67PMTb7", "text": "7 8\nAssistant 1 provided an answer with specific numbers, but the data is from 2016, which may not be accurate for the current time. However, the response does give a general idea of the scale of text messages sent globally. Assistant 2, on the other hand, explained why it is difficult to determine the exact number of text messages sent globally in a minute and provided a more detailed explanation of the factors that make it challenging to track this information. While Assistant 2 didn't provide a specific number, the response was more informative and relevant to the question, explaining the complexity of the issue.", "score": [7.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "FuWYeqPkW7do6ws6oVKDx2", "question_id": 46, "answer1_id": "C6hkCnJZmfCGvnr5an2jFh", "answer2_id": "RTxk2jYsjYiiWMwcRjmfwu", "text": "4 8\nAssistant 1's response was confusing and contained incorrect calculations, leading to an inaccurate estimate of words spoken daily on Earth. The response also focused solely on the English language, which is not representative of the entire world population. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more logical and coherent explanation, considering the world population and a range of words spoken per person per day. Although the estimate provided by Assistant 2 is still rough, it is more reasonable and relevant to the question asked.", "score": [4.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "njRKU8Jcd7KMDzhZcJ6PuG", "question_id": 47, "answer1_id": "DApBTLuiJwSsfQHTioH9PY", "answer2_id": "2J2Et6W8u2kXLTUgfYrPxe", "text": "4 7\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect and misleading answer, stating that only 200 snowflakes fall during a typical winter, which is far from accurate. Additionally, the focus on snowflake size was not relevant to the question. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and relevant response, explaining the factors that influence the number of snowflakes and the difficulty in estimating an exact number. While Assistant 2 did not provide a specific number, the explanation was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, thus receiving a higher score.", "score": [4.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ji9DtHHwETNsxf69BH4ScL", "question_id": 48, "answer1_id": "gmy58biNVuneSpFZTcpXtT", "answer2_id": "nSGoG9Z5g5VuCXgmQJJKrq", "text": "6 8\nAssistant 1 provided an estimate of the number of published books but did not attempt to estimate the total number of pages, which was the main focus of the question. The response also mentioned that the number of books is \"peanuts\" compared to the number of books written over time, but did not provide any reasoning or evidence for this claim. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a step-by-step explanation of how to estimate the total number of pages in all the books ever published, using reasonable assumptions and calculations. While both assistants acknowledged the difficulty in providing an exact number, Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and detailed in addressing the user's question.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "VTBkt2MJZEpv7imWL7Sztk", "question_id": 49, "answer1_id": "Cpi6LBB86W73APEA8naNuj", "answer2_id": "ScqJdUq9n5bp9qPv5WPqG5", "text": "5 8\nAssistant 1's response was confusing and contained unnecessary calculations, making it difficult to understand the reasoning. The final answer was also incorrect. Assistant 2 provided a clearer explanation and a more accurate estimate, taking into account the age of the Earth and the average distance between the Earth and the sun. However, the response could have been more precise by mentioning that life is estimated to have begun around 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, rather than using the age of the Earth itself.", "score": [5.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bRdzrs2qxLr8oFKJXmrPoZ", "question_id": 50, "answer1_id": "3g83CoAFWrDD6V6LyEpoMV", "answer2_id": "GdLFr88pCwsGpfRBRQQkyh", "text": "4 8\nAssistant 1's response is inaccurate and seems to be based on arbitrary assumptions, resulting in an implausible estimate of 36,000 songs. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provides a more reasonable and detailed explanation, acknowledging the difficulty of estimating the exact number of songs recorded throughout history and considering various factors that contribute to the vastness and diversity of the music collection. Assistant 2's response is more helpful, relevant, and accurate, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [4.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "3TAok7dw9s3F2aCWyp3bXc", "question_id": 51, "answer1_id": "8p5A4gouBgCmbQj5gMZapU", "answer2_id": "Sa7uNEbFGRFuXBAwau8sHS", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and somewhat relevant answer, but it lacked depth and detail. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive response, discussing the technological and cultural context of the Renaissance period and how it might have influenced the development of the Internet. Assistant 2 also considered the limitations of the time and how they would have affected the potential of the Internet. Overall, Assistant 2's answer was more helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed than Assistant 1's response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RELThBxYkgYHs4LCozKhtx", "question_id": 52, "answer1_id": "LVWqSxH3Uq6675w7LXH6zP", "answer2_id": "T6Ar3cAEw3AmVVQTcCPp8N", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and somewhat speculative response, while Assistant 2 offered a more detailed and balanced answer. Assistant 2 discussed the potential outcomes for the Aztec civilization, such as maintaining their independence, resisting European diseases, and forming alliances with other indigenous groups. Additionally, Assistant 2 considered the possible impact on the spread of Christianity and the economy of Mexico. Overall, Assistant 2's response was more comprehensive and informative, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LhyR6znMTKSq4wfco9D5Be", "question_id": 53, "answer1_id": "ffXksqRU3k8CNHqYfshYhj", "answer2_id": "KiZQev5JEk2h6JYeQnFmtM", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief response that focused on the current state of the bacterium and how it would affect the modern world, which was not relevant to the question. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and relevant response, discussing the potential demographic, economic, and social changes that could have occurred in Europe if the Black Death had not happened in the 14th century. Assistant 2's answer was more helpful, accurate, and relevant to the user's question, which is why it received a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "fLx8FwVXuCooBXpjuTsuwb", "question_id": 54, "answer1_id": "4L3dWuqvWwg5kELt7p8SVZ", "answer2_id": "cYiyYKKXM3GXkrZHAbX83S", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and speculative answer, stating that Newton wouldn't have discovered the law of gravity if he had focused on biology. While this is true, it doesn't provide any insight into the potential impact of Newton's work on biology. Assistant 2, on the other hand, gave a more detailed and thoughtful response, discussing the possible contributions Newton could have made to biology while acknowledging the uncertainty of such a scenario. Assistant 2 also provided context on Newton's work in other fields, making their answer more informative and comprehensive.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "DCg6g39EWq7TfYh7GNc6Ti", "question_id": 55, "answer1_id": "XfpqViGW5dvauNZPDSF8yv", "answer2_id": "PQmMUdAAcBsAWmWaTvdHSU", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general answer, stating that the world would be missing the music of one of the most successful bands in history. While this is true, it doesn't provide much detail or insight into the potential impact of the Beatles not forming. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and thoughtful response, exploring various possibilities of what might have happened if the Beatles had never formed. This answer was more helpful, relevant, and accurate, as it considered different aspects of the music industry, culture, and the individual members' careers.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "EQpmLs3VURbLnTVdC2DajG", "question_id": 56, "answer1_id": "WsuMf9XBGs3dFjfSGKjEzg", "answer2_id": "PorExChQ9VeYsPJptdgtsB", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and relevant answer, but it lacked detail and depth. Assistant 2, on the other hand, gave a more comprehensive response, discussing the potential consequences of not cracking the Enigma code, the possible development of alternative strategies, and acknowledging the difficulty in predicting the exact outcome of the war without Turing's contributions. This made Assistant 2's response more helpful and informative.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ey4ZU2o9V6S8Wsoe2e5veJ", "question_id": 57, "answer1_id": "5qo3HudLrwrzEV2Px7gYRf", "answer2_id": "249f6dSMwZRZVMmtxv6yDm", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and accurate response, mentioning the longer travel time and more dangerous waters if the Suez Canal had never been constructed. However, Assistant 2 offered a more comprehensive answer, discussing the impact on international trade, economic development, European colonization, and the significance of the canal's construction in engineering and technology. Assistant 2 also touched on the political and strategic interests surrounding the canal. Therefore, Assistant 2 receives a higher score for providing a more detailed and well-rounded response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "bggwDqWGq27n76ytXx3shS", "question_id": 58, "answer1_id": "SRxwJkNCfUaVe4Gb8LPvSK", "answer2_id": "nxa3m6kiAZwKgcMUBY8KYz", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general response, while Assistant 2 offered a more detailed and comprehensive answer. Assistant 2 explored the potential impact of the Maya civilization on the development of other civilizations, their possible advancements in various fields, and the potential changes in the political and cultural landscape of Mesoamerica. This makes Assistant 2's response more helpful, relevant, and informative compared to Assistant 1's response.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "eYsKC4P5j99ZiJQBKSAUfo", "question_id": 59, "answer1_id": "S54Mmyim3QT5owdhwnNYmB", "answer2_id": "DXFvhjCaKqQiBsFDCkXGMT", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief background on Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas, but did not directly address the question of what would have happened if he had not discovered the Americas. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more detailed and relevant response, discussing the potential impacts on the indigenous peoples and the possibility of other European explorers discovering the Americas eventually. Assistant 2's response was more helpful, relevant, and accurate in addressing the user's question.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "LJtZNbRQtU9PKwHPFr3isf", "question_id": 60, "answer1_id": "8DJpwEFb5jqt3vMj5oNqVX", "answer2_id": "BCUK5VcpZK26jMJ2UMgR3E", "text": "6 9\nAssistant 1's response provided some background information on Van Gogh's life, but it did not address the hypothetical scenario of him being successful during his lifetime. Assistant 2, on the other hand, directly addressed the question and provided a thoughtful analysis of how Van Gogh's life and career might have been different if he had been successful. The response was relevant, detailed, and explored various possibilities, making it more helpful and informative than Assistant 1's response.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YJChAPeEgz5eSKT2ZKqBya", "question_id": 61, "answer1_id": "KMtqqYkDmyyThkvxXJ4kJd", "answer2_id": "JHTKBrLVTp7bv5zW2uwYVW", "text": "6 9\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The answer provides a step-by-step approach to solving the problem, which can be helpful for someone who wants to understand the process.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The answer does not provide actual code, only a list of steps.\n- The suggested use of the strstr function is not the best choice for this problem, as it can lead to incorrect results if the word is a substring of another word.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide actual code instead of just a list of steps.\n- Use the find function instead of strstr to search for the word in the line, and make sure to account for word boundaries.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The answer provides a complete and working code solution.\n- The code is well-structured and easy to understand.\n- The code includes helpful comments that explain the logic and functionality.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The current implementation only counts lines containing the search string, not the actual number of occurrences of the word in the file.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Modify the code to count the actual number of occurrences of the word in the file, not just the number of lines containing the word. This can be done by using a loop to search for the word multiple times within the same line, updating the search position after each successful find.", "score": [6.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ixZgcMexvedv7CXnCbo3hS", "question_id": 62, "answer1_id": "MkbgwTpP5b79NWdPEnvHyq", "answer2_id": "jyzD2deb9JAffRhhkk37r5", "text": "4 7\n\nAssistant 1 provided a brief explanation of the longest common subsequence problem but did not provide any code implementation. The explanation was clear, but it would have been better to include a code example.\n\nAssistant 2 provided a code implementation for the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) problem using dynamic programming in Python. The code is structured and includes comments explaining the logic. However, the implementation is incorrect, as it doesn't return the actual longest common subsequence but rather the length of it. The initialization of the `dp` table with `float('inf')` is also unnecessary, as it should be initialized with zeros. Here's a corrected version of the code:\n\n```python\ndef lcs(str1, str2):\n m, n = len(str1), len(str2)\n dp = [[0 for j in range(n+1)] for i in range(m+1)]\n\n for i in range(1, m+1):\n for j in range(1, n+1):\n if str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]:\n dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + 1\n else:\n dp[i][j] = max(dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1])\n\n # Reconstruct the LCS\n lcs_str = \"\"\n i, j = m, n\n while i > 0 and j > 0:\n if str1[i-1] == str2[j-1]:\n lcs_str = str1[i-1] + lcs_str\n i -= 1\n j -= 1\n elif dp[i-1][j] > dp[i][j-1]:\n i -= 1\n else:\n j -= 1\n\n return lcs_str\n\n# Example usage\nstr1 = \"banana\"\nstr2 = \"apple\"\nprint(lcs(str1, str2)) # prints \"ana\"\n```\n\nThis corrected version initializes the `dp` table with zeros and includes a section to reconstruct the LCS from the `dp` table. The example usage has also been updated to match the problem statement.", "score": [4.0, 7.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "gQHT6XKZst42mzwqKYuMNf", "question_id": 63, "answer1_id": "PSb6r567shkRasPkJagvWi", "answer2_id": "jPGHEfp7FxhDyvRA6qEN3j", "text": "6 8\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The regular expression provided is mostly correct and covers a good range of valid email addresses.\n- The code is simple and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code is incomplete and missing the import statement for the 're' module.\n- The code does not handle uppercase letters in the email address.\n- The regular expression does not account for some special characters that are allowed in email addresses.\n- The explanation of the two methods (re.match and re.search) is not necessary, as both can be used to achieve the same result in this case.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Import the 're' module at the beginning of the code.\n- Update the regular expression to handle uppercase letters and additional special characters.\n- Complete the code by adding the missing parts, such as the 'else' statement and the 'print' function.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is complete and functional.\n- The regular expression provided is more accurate and covers a wider range of valid email addresses.\n- The code is well-structured and easy to read.\n- The comments are clear and concise, explaining the logic and functionality of the code.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The regular expression does not account for some special characters that are allowed in email addresses.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Update the regular expression to handle additional special characters that are allowed in email addresses.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "HWHXDi6bn42H5W4yCeM78C", "question_id": 64, "answer1_id": "QWpBq9gM4iYmsTLQ3NNnBe", "answer2_id": "Ra9eTcAuNZPkPRnaHiQrak", "text": "4 6\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The problem statement is well explained.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- There is no actual code provided to solve the problem.\n- The input format and test cases are not addressed.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide a working code solution that implements dynamic programming.\n- Address the input format and test cases in the code.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- A Python code solution is provided.\n- The code is structured and includes comments.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code does not use dynamic programming as requested.\n- The code does not handle the input format and test cases as specified in the problem statement.\n- The code is not efficient for large values of n.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Implement dynamic programming in the code to improve efficiency.\n- Address the input format and test cases in the code.\n- Consider using an iterative approach instead of recursion to save memory and time.", "score": [4.0, 6.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7t8xTNbmkJUJv4XkbzPCSR", "question_id": 65, "answer1_id": "U3QxoC4DxXoggnLRbgJh8b", "answer2_id": "5mbEFLEnEx8Cm2wEF8WAbM", "text": "4 9\n\nAssistant 1 provided a response that acknowledged the task but did not provide any code or solution. They only restated the problem, which is not helpful in solving the problem.\n\nAssistant 2 provided a clear and concise implementation of the binary search algorithm in Python. The code is well-structured, efficient, and easy to understand. The explanation of the algorithm is thorough, and the time complexity is mentioned. The only minor issue is that the output comment in the example is incorrect (it should be \"output: 3\" instead of \"output: 4\"). Overall, Assistant 2's response is excellent, with just a small mistake in the example output comment.\n\nFor Assistant 1, I would recommend providing an actual implementation of the algorithm instead of just restating the problem. For Assistant 2, I would recommend double-checking the example output to ensure it is accurate.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "j4M8nZhTEZ2AbYippnJwDP", "question_id": 66, "answer1_id": "f3TXCreQPJ5Erd6BGt4SFE", "answer2_id": "KLbBzjbuwq4agAESQ9Wfpq", "text": "4 8\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The explanation of the approach is clear and easy to understand.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The answer does not provide any code implementation.\n- The explanation does not mention the correct approach of using two stacks for implementing a queue.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide a code implementation for the given problem statement.\n- Explain the correct approach of using two stacks to implement a queue, which involves transferring elements between the stacks when needed.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code implementation is provided.\n- The code is clear and easy to understand.\n- The code includes comments explaining the functionality of each method.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The dequeue method is not implemented correctly. It should transfer elements from the in_stack to the out_stack when the out_stack is empty and then pop the top element from the out_stack.\n- The peek method should return the top element of the out_stack if it's not empty, otherwise, it should transfer elements from the in_stack to the out_stack and return the top element.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Correct the dequeue and peek methods to properly implement the queue using two stacks.\n- Add comments to explain the logic behind transferring elements between the stacks when needed.", "score": [4.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "RivhKLYyBmjyVjKvc5UnKd", "question_id": 67, "answer1_id": "SG7YcT8s4sJNBRqidKk7Z7", "answer2_id": "ganAwetd9VTzEAiTtsskzX", "text": "6 8\n\nAssistant 1:\nStrengths:\n- The general approach is described well, and the steps are clear.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The actual code implementation is missing, making it difficult to evaluate the code structure, readability, and comments.\n- The helper function is mentioned but not defined or explained.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Provide a complete code implementation, including the helper function.\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality.\n\nAssistant 2:\nStrengths:\n- The code is provided, and it correctly implements the given problem statement.\n- The code is accurate and efficient.\n- The example usage is helpful for understanding how the function works.\n\nWeaknesses:\n- The code lacks comments to explain the logic and functionality.\n\nSuggestions for improvement:\n- Add comments to the code to explain the logic and functionality.\n- Consider edge cases and add error handling if necessary.", "score": [6.0, 8.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "WjYY86fiq6muEGUJ8Q4Ayp", "question_id": 68, "answer1_id": "ENsG3zoeUY7ArFo2kNaQbz", "answer2_id": "LG6szQ3cqNRzUjXtZtXG94", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nGiven f(x) = 5x^3 - 2x + 3, we need to find the value of f(2).\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 4 + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\n\nNow, I will evaluate the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nf(2) = 26\n\nAssistant 1 provided an incorrect answer without showing any steps.\n\nAssistant 2:\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 2 + 3 = 41 - 2 + 3 = 40\n\nAssistant 2 provided a step-by-step solution but made a mistake in the calculation. The correct calculation should be:\n\nf(2) = 5(2)^3 - 2(2) + 3 = 5 * 8 - 4 + 3 = 40 - 4 + 3 = 39\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 1 (Incorrect answer and no steps provided)\nAssistant 2: 7 (Correct steps but made a calculation mistake)\n\nAssistant 2 performed better as they provided the correct steps but made a calculation mistake. The correct answer is f(2) = 39.\n\nOutput: (1, 7)", "score": [1, 7], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "WXsw2Xuc8fUawFxh6neKj9", "question_id": 69, "answer1_id": "C7CN5AYJhGC7iDgS7rciDQ", "answer2_id": "LHMnXGbSZubeZJcr5fgrte", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nGiven equation: 3x + 10 = 5(x - 2)\n\n1. Distribute the 5 on the right-hand side: 3x + 10 = 5x - 10\n2. Move the x terms to one side by subtracting 3x from both sides: 10 = 2x - 10\n3. Move the constant term to the other side by adding 10 to both sides: 20 = 2x\n4. Divide both sides by 2 to solve for x: x = 10\n\nNow, I will evaluate the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe steps provided by Assistant 1 are incorrect and confusing. The answer is also incorrect. \n\nAssistant 2:\n1. The first step is correct.\n2. The second step is incorrect. The correct step should be subtracting 3x from both sides, not subtracting 5x.\n3-7. All the subsequent steps are incorrect as they are based on the incorrect second step.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 1/10\nAssistant 2: 2/10\n\nBoth assistants performed poorly, but Assistant 2 performed slightly better as the first step was correct.", "score": [1, 2], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "ZgNXGB9wziYPnGFjqLzqVH", "question_id": 70, "answer1_id": "QP9CmZKwhu2BrUmzhy8tH4", "answer2_id": "TGENVWL5iAYi4NCf5jAzKy", "text": "First, I will solve the problem independently:\n\nThe length of a line segment between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) can be found using the distance formula:\n\ndistance = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)\n\nGiven the points (2, -2) and (10, 4), we can plug in the values:\n\ndistance = sqrt((10 - 2)^2 + (4 - (-2))^2)\ndistance = sqrt(8^2 + 6^2)\ndistance = sqrt(64 + 36)\ndistance = sqrt(100)\ndistance = 10\n\nNow, I will evaluate the answers provided by Assistant 1 and Assistant 2:\n\nAssistant 1:\nThe length of the line segment is 10 units.\n\nThis answer is correct.\n\nAssistant 2:\nThe length of the line segment is 17.973.\n\nThis answer is incorrect. The mistake is in the calculation of the differences between the x and y coordinates. The correct differences should be 8 and 6, not 18 and 4.\n\nScores:\nAssistant 1: 10\nAssistant 2: 4\n\nAssistant 1 performed better because they provided the correct answer and used the correct method to solve the problem. Assistant 2 made a mistake in the calculation of the differences between the x and y coordinates, which led to an incorrect answer.", "score": [10, 2], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "YCbKCPhn4DqT56ASDfFhnz", "question_id": 71, "answer1_id": "2KtpJeRqEfbPLwdUxAXWrj", "answer2_id": "kc9oytarvqyNVVfGZz93EL", "text": "7 10\nAssistant 1 provided general tips for writing a formal email, which were helpful but did not directly address the user's request for help in writing the email. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a complete and well-written example of a formal email proposing a joint venture, which directly addressed the user's request. Assistant 2's response was more relevant, accurate, and detailed, which is why it receives a higher score.", "score": [7.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "oYP3NAG57ufZ4vfnvfsSty", "question_id": 72, "answer1_id": "gsL3R2grTXUiHdeDSk8f9Q", "answer2_id": "NxstpvVEnGMny3jECtvrw2", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a helpful and relevant response, but it was not as detailed and complete as Assistant 2's response. Assistant 2 provided a full sample resignation letter that the user can use as a guide, which is more helpful and detailed than Assistant 1's response. Both assistants were accurate in addressing the user's request, but Assistant 2 provided a more comprehensive and well-structured answer.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "kQCXTX4kvYL3ujbvNFfCfm", "question_id": 73, "answer1_id": "HprPMoUk9JY5TtToRbuMwy", "answer2_id": "XN9NBpeQJiQqGT5UYkys7N", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general outline of a recommendation letter, which is helpful but lacks the level of detail and specificity required for the user's request. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a comprehensive and well-structured example of a formal letter of recommendation tailored to a student applying to a prestigious graduate program in computer science. This response is more relevant, accurate, and detailed, making it the better answer for the user's needs.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "Jfo5EVsy9oemR8iJ6B5gyU", "question_id": 74, "answer1_id": "YU7gDhmo4LDVMTEZZMRdBC", "answer2_id": "3qMqAZcfHUVUTEJnMXT8Pw", "text": "0 9\n\nAssistant 1 did not provide any response, so it receives a score of 0. Assistant 2 provided a well-structured and compelling product launch announcement email, including a subject line, introduction, key features, and a call to action. The response was relevant, accurate, and detailed, earning a score of 9. The only improvement could be the addition of more specific details about the software, but this would require more information from the user.", "score": [0.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "2LY8t4Hq9j47SrN5vs4Tui", "question_id": 75, "answer1_id": "2gNqU2XpsL6yqFn6DMRgHq", "answer2_id": "hMXjd228Mc8pnc7zgd2frG", "text": "4 10\nAssistant 1 only asked for the customer's name and did not provide any actual content for the apology email, making their response less helpful and relevant. On the other hand, Assistant 2 provided a well-written and detailed apology email that addressed the customer's concerns and reassured them that the issue has been resolved. This response was helpful, relevant, accurate, and contained a good level of detail, which is why Assistant 2 receives a perfect score.", "score": [4.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "4HSThcxvTM4TjQ9a9vMbds", "question_id": 76, "answer1_id": "a4L6JNPuomkPLdWxJRQpod", "answer2_id": "gUEd9nNepqy8nsfbypscHx", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a brief overview of jazz, its origins, and its evolution, but the response lacked the structure and detail of a script for a YouTube video. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a more comprehensive and well-structured script, discussing key figures, the influence of jazz on other genres, and its role in the civil rights movement. Assistant 2's response was more engaging and informative, making it a better choice for a YouTube video script.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "HfKLQTn2DvPDUdgPNoY6MG", "question_id": 77, "answer1_id": "eN9V2Wf2BNzWoJosqdFw6K", "answer2_id": "nZZyn3SAvU8T2BVR73LMHC", "text": "1 9\n\nAssistant 1 failed to provide any response to the user's request, while Assistant 2 composed an engaging travel blog post about a recent trip to Hawaii, highlighting cultural experiences and must-see attractions. Assistant 2's response was helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, making it deserving of a high score.", "score": [1.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "6pzkZvS4nNDwacSTqzvw7z", "question_id": 78, "answer1_id": "iCzkbWTatKfuC6QVv59XgA", "answer2_id": "YM4qjUM5VfmWnzM3HXRB4G", "text": "7 9\nAssistant 1 provided a detailed response, but the plot summary seemed to be a mix of \"Ready Player One\" and an original story, which led to confusion. The review also lacked the captivating tone that was requested. Assistant 2, on the other hand, delivered a captivating review with a clear focus on the plot, characters, and special effects. The tone was engaging and enthusiastic, making it more appealing to the reader.", "score": [7.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "7uM72Nb4Sn5eo6TrYw2bpR", "question_id": 79, "answer1_id": "GQcFyY8ayFT48DAP5NKNZf", "answer2_id": "WcbzNkzu5q66QkK92NxmGB", "text": "4 9\nAssistant 1 provided a long list of points without any structure or organization, making it difficult to use as a podcast script. Assistant 2, on the other hand, provided a well-structured podcast script with clear segments and topics, making it much more suitable for the user's request. Assistant 2's response was helpful, relevant, accurate, and detailed, while Assistant 1's response lacked organization and coherence.", "score": [4.0, 9.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} {"review_id": "dXWWCggLzLD4SBZH2JSAZH", "question_id": 80, "answer1_id": "A6pauLMckn34otnfpeQRFi", "answer2_id": "Tfm4f2mbpKJsa8MT6exs8D", "text": "8 10\nAssistant 1 provided a brief and general overview of the concert experience, mentioning the composers and the audience's reaction. However, Assistant 2 offered a more detailed and engaging review, discussing specific pieces, the conductor's skill, and the emotions evoked by the performance. Assistant 2's response also painted a vivid picture of the concert experience, making it more helpful and informative for someone interested in a symphony concert review.", "score": [8.0, 10.0], "reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-generic", "metadata": {}} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/reviewer.jsonl ================================================ {"reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-default", "prompt_id": 1, "metadata": {"temperature": 0.2, "max_tokens": 1024}, "description": "GPT-4 for general questions"} {"reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-coding", "prompt_id": 2, "metadata": {"temperature": 0.2, "max_tokens": 1024}, "description": "GPT-4 for coding questions"} {"reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0328-math", "prompt_id": 3, "metadata": {"temperature": 0.2, "max_tokens": 1024}, "description": "GPT-4 for math questions"} {"reviewer_id": "gpt-4-0417-visual", "prompt_id": 4, "metadata": {"temperature": 0.2, "max_tokens": 1024}, "description": "GPT-4 for math questions"} ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/table/rule.json ================================================ { "coding": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "Your task is to evaluate the coding abilities of the above two assistants. They have been asked to implement a program to solve a given problem. Please review their code submissions, paying close attention to their problem-solving approach, code structure, readability, and the inclusion of helpful comments.\n\nPlease ensure that the assistants' submissions:\n\n1. Correctly implement the given problem statement.\n2. Contain accurate and efficient code.\n3. Include clear and concise comments that explain the code's logic and functionality.\n4. Adhere to proper coding standards and best practices.\n\nOnce you have carefully reviewed both submissions, provide detailed feedback on their strengths and weaknesses, along with any suggestions for improvement. You should first output a single line containing two scores on the scale of 1-10 (1: no code/no sense; 10: perfect) for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. Then give extra comments starting from the next line."}, "math": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the mathematical proficiency of two AI assistants regarding the given user question.\nFirstly, please solve the problem independently, without referring to the answers provided by Assistant 1 and Assistant 2.\nAfterward, please examine the problem-solving process of Assistant 1 and Assistant 2 step-by-step to ensure their correctness, identifying any incorrect steps if present. Your evaluation should take into account not only the answer but also the problem-solving steps.\nFinally, please output a Python tuple containing two numerical scores for Assistant 1 and Assistant 2, ranging from 1 to 10, respectively. If applicable, explain the reasons for any variations in their scores and determine which assistant performed better."}, "default": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above.\nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "conv": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with five descriptive sentences describing the same image and the bounding box coordinates of each object in the scene. These coordinates are in the form of bounding boxes, represented as (x1, y1, x2, y2) with floating numbers ranging from 0 to 1. These values correspond to the top left x, top left y, bottom right x, and bottom right y. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "detail": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with five descriptive sentences describing the same image and the bounding box coordinates of each object in the scene. These coordinates are in the form of bounding boxes, represented as (x1, y1, x2, y2) with floating numbers ranging from 0 to 1. These values correspond to the top left x, top left y, bottom right x, and bottom right y. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "complex": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with five descriptive sentences describing the same image and the bounding box coordinates of each object in the scene. These coordinates are in the form of bounding boxes, represented as (x1, y1, x2, y2) with floating numbers ranging from 0 to 1. These values correspond to the top left x, top left y, bottom right x, and bottom right y. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "llava_bench_conv": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with a few sentences describing the image. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "llava_bench_detail": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with a few sentences describing the image. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."}, "llava_bench_complex": {"role": "Assistant", "prompt": "We would like to request your feedback on the performance of two AI assistants in response to the user question displayed above. The user asks the question on observing an image. For your reference, the visual content in the image is represented with a few sentences describing the image. \nPlease rate the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of details of their responses. Each assistant receives an overall score on a scale of 1 to 10, where a higher score indicates better overall performance.\nPlease first output a single line containing only two values indicating the scores for Assistant 1 and 2, respectively. The two scores are separated by a space.\nIn the subsequent line, please provide a comprehensive explanation of your evaluation, avoiding any potential bias and ensuring that the order in which the responses were presented does not affect your judgment."} } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/eval/webpage/styles.css ================================================ body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; background-color: #f8f9fa; } .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link { color: #f1cf68; font-size: 1.1rem; padding: 0.5rem 0.6rem; } .card-header { font-weight: bold; } .card { box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transition: 0.3s; } .card:hover { box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } button { transition: background-color 0.3s; } button:hover { background-color: #007bff; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .form-row .form-group { margin-bottom: 10px; } } /* Extra styles */ .expandable-card .card-text-container { max-height: 200px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; } .expandable-card.expanded .card-text-container { max-height: none; } .expand-btn { position: relative; display: none; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); color: #510c75; border-color: transparent; } .expand-btn:hover { background-color: rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.8); text-decoration: none; border-color: transparent; color: #510c75; } .expand-btn:focus { outline: none; text-decoration: none; } .expandable-card:not(.expanded) .card-text-container:after { content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 90px; background: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)); } .expandable-card:not(.expanded) .expand-btn { margin-top: -40px; } .card-body { padding-bottom: 5px; } .vertical-flex-layout { justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; } .figure-img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } .adjustable-font-size { font-size: calc(0.5rem + 2vw); } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/mm_utils.py ================================================ from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO import base64 import torch import math import ast from transformers import StoppingCriteria from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX def select_best_resolution(original_size, possible_resolutions): """ Selects the best resolution from a list of possible resolutions based on the original size. Args: original_size (tuple): The original size of the image in the format (width, height). possible_resolutions (list): A list of possible resolutions in the format [(width1, height1), (width2, height2), ...]. Returns: tuple: The best fit resolution in the format (width, height). """ original_width, original_height = original_size best_fit = None max_effective_resolution = 0 min_wasted_resolution = float('inf') for width, height in possible_resolutions: scale = min(width / original_width, height / original_height) downscaled_width, downscaled_height = int(original_width * scale), int(original_height * scale) effective_resolution = min(downscaled_width * downscaled_height, original_width * original_height) wasted_resolution = (width * height) - effective_resolution if effective_resolution > max_effective_resolution or (effective_resolution == max_effective_resolution and wasted_resolution < min_wasted_resolution): max_effective_resolution = effective_resolution min_wasted_resolution = wasted_resolution best_fit = (width, height) return best_fit def resize_and_pad_image(image, target_resolution): """ Resize and pad an image to a target resolution while maintaining aspect ratio. Args: image (PIL.Image.Image): The input image. target_resolution (tuple): The target resolution (width, height) of the image. Returns: PIL.Image.Image: The resized and padded image. """ original_width, original_height = image.size target_width, target_height = target_resolution scale_w = target_width / original_width scale_h = target_height / original_height if scale_w < scale_h: new_width = target_width new_height = min(math.ceil(original_height * scale_w), target_height) else: new_height = target_height new_width = min(math.ceil(original_width * scale_h), target_width) # Resize the image resized_image = image.resize((new_width, new_height)) new_image = Image.new('RGB', (target_width, target_height), (0, 0, 0)) paste_x = (target_width - new_width) // 2 paste_y = (target_height - new_height) // 2 new_image.paste(resized_image, (paste_x, paste_y)) return new_image def divide_to_patches(image, patch_size): """ Divides an image into patches of a specified size. Args: image (PIL.Image.Image): The input image. patch_size (int): The size of each patch. Returns: list: A list of PIL.Image.Image objects representing the patches. """ patches = [] width, height = image.size for i in range(0, height, patch_size): for j in range(0, width, patch_size): box = (j, i, j + patch_size, i + patch_size) patch = image.crop(box) patches.append(patch) return patches def get_anyres_image_grid_shape(image_size, grid_pinpoints, patch_size): """ Calculate the shape of the image patch grid after the preprocessing for images of any resolution. Args: image_size (tuple): The size of the input image in the format (width, height). grid_pinpoints (str): A string representation of a list of possible resolutions. patch_size (int): The size of each image patch. Returns: tuple: The shape of the image patch grid in the format (width, height). """ if type(grid_pinpoints) is list: possible_resolutions = grid_pinpoints else: possible_resolutions = ast.literal_eval(grid_pinpoints) width, height = select_best_resolution(image_size, possible_resolutions) return width // patch_size, height // patch_size def process_anyres_image(image, processor, grid_pinpoints): """ Process an image with variable resolutions. Args: image (PIL.Image.Image): The input image to be processed. processor: The image processor object. grid_pinpoints (str): A string representation of a list of possible resolutions. Returns: torch.Tensor: A tensor containing the processed image patches. """ if type(grid_pinpoints) is list: possible_resolutions = grid_pinpoints else: possible_resolutions = ast.literal_eval(grid_pinpoints) best_resolution = select_best_resolution(image.size, possible_resolutions) image_padded = resize_and_pad_image(image, best_resolution) patches = divide_to_patches(image_padded, processor.crop_size['height']) image_original_resize = image.resize((processor.size['shortest_edge'], processor.size['shortest_edge'])) image_patches = [image_original_resize] + patches image_patches = [processor.preprocess(image_patch, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] for image_patch in image_patches] return torch.stack(image_patches, dim=0) def load_image_from_base64(image): return Image.open(BytesIO(base64.b64decode(image))) def expand2square(pil_img, background_color): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result def process_images(images, image_processor, model_cfg): image_aspect_ratio = getattr(model_cfg, "image_aspect_ratio", None) new_images = [] if image_aspect_ratio == 'pad': for image in images: image = expand2square(image, tuple(int(x*255) for x in image_processor.image_mean)) image = image_processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] new_images.append(image) elif image_aspect_ratio == "anyres": for image in images: image = process_anyres_image(image, image_processor, model_cfg.image_grid_pinpoints) new_images.append(image) else: return image_processor(images, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'] if all(x.shape == new_images[0].shape for x in new_images): new_images = torch.stack(new_images, dim=0) return new_images def tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, image_token_index=IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors=None): prompt_chunks = [tokenizer(chunk).input_ids for chunk in prompt.split('')] def insert_separator(X, sep): return [ele for sublist in zip(X, [sep]*len(X)) for ele in sublist][:-1] input_ids = [] offset = 0 if len(prompt_chunks) > 0 and len(prompt_chunks[0]) > 0 and prompt_chunks[0][0] == tokenizer.bos_token_id: offset = 1 input_ids.append(prompt_chunks[0][0]) for x in insert_separator(prompt_chunks, [image_token_index] * (offset + 1)): input_ids.extend(x[offset:]) if return_tensors is not None: if return_tensors == 'pt': return torch.tensor(input_ids, dtype=torch.long) raise ValueError(f'Unsupported tensor type: {return_tensors}') return input_ids def get_model_name_from_path(model_path): model_path = model_path.strip("/") model_paths = model_path.split("/") if model_paths[-1].startswith('checkpoint-'): return model_paths[-2] + "_" + model_paths[-1] else: return model_paths[-1] class KeywordsStoppingCriteria(StoppingCriteria): def __init__(self, keywords, tokenizer, input_ids): self.keywords = keywords self.keyword_ids = [] self.max_keyword_len = 0 for keyword in keywords: cur_keyword_ids = tokenizer(keyword).input_ids if len(cur_keyword_ids) > 1 and cur_keyword_ids[0] == tokenizer.bos_token_id: cur_keyword_ids = cur_keyword_ids[1:] if len(cur_keyword_ids) > self.max_keyword_len: self.max_keyword_len = len(cur_keyword_ids) self.keyword_ids.append(torch.tensor(cur_keyword_ids)) self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.start_len = input_ids.shape[1] def call_for_batch(self, output_ids: torch.LongTensor, scores: torch.FloatTensor, **kwargs) -> bool: offset = min(output_ids.shape[1] - self.start_len, self.max_keyword_len) self.keyword_ids = [keyword_id.to(output_ids.device) for keyword_id in self.keyword_ids] for keyword_id in self.keyword_ids: truncated_output_ids = output_ids[0, -keyword_id.shape[0]:] if torch.equal(truncated_output_ids, keyword_id): return True outputs = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids[:, -offset:], skip_special_tokens=True)[0] for keyword in self.keywords: if keyword in outputs: return True return False def __call__(self, output_ids: torch.LongTensor, scores: torch.FloatTensor, **kwargs) -> bool: outputs = [] for i in range(output_ids.shape[0]): outputs.append(self.call_for_batch(output_ids[i].unsqueeze(0), scores)) return all(outputs) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/__init__.py ================================================ try: from .language_model.llava_llama import LlavaLlamaForCausalLM, LlavaConfig from .language_model.llava_mpt import LlavaMptForCausalLM, LlavaMptConfig from .language_model.llava_mistral import LlavaMistralForCausalLM, LlavaMistralConfig except: pass ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/apply_delta.py ================================================ """ Usage: python3 -m fastchat.model.apply_delta --base ~/model_weights/llama-7b --target ~/model_weights/vicuna-7b --delta lmsys/vicuna-7b-delta """ import argparse import torch from tqdm import tqdm from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM from llava import LlavaLlamaForCausalLM def apply_delta(base_model_path, target_model_path, delta_path): print("Loading base model") base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( base_model_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) print("Loading delta") delta = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained(delta_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) delta_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(delta_path) print("Applying delta") for name, param in tqdm(delta.state_dict().items(), desc="Applying delta"): if name not in base.state_dict(): assert name in ['model.mm_projector.weight', 'model.mm_projector.bias'], f'{name} not in base model' continue if param.data.shape == base.state_dict()[name].shape: param.data += base.state_dict()[name] else: assert name in ['model.embed_tokens.weight', 'lm_head.weight'], \ f'{name} dimension mismatch: {param.data.shape} vs {base.state_dict()[name].shape}' bparam = base.state_dict()[name] param.data[:bparam.shape[0], :bparam.shape[1]] += bparam print("Saving target model") delta.save_pretrained(target_model_path) delta_tokenizer.save_pretrained(target_model_path) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--base-model-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--target-model-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--delta-path", type=str, required=True) args = parser.parse_args() apply_delta(args.base_model_path, args.target_model_path, args.delta_path) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/builder.py ================================================ # Copyright 2023 Haotian Liu # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import warnings import shutil from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoConfig, BitsAndBytesConfig import torch from llava.model import * from llava.constants import DEFAULT_IMAGE_PATCH_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN def load_pretrained_model(model_path, model_base, model_name, load_8bit=False, load_4bit=False, device_map="auto", device="cuda", use_flash_attn=False, **kwargs): kwargs = {"device_map": device_map, **kwargs} if device != "cuda": kwargs['device_map'] = {"": device} if load_8bit: kwargs['load_in_8bit'] = True elif load_4bit: kwargs['load_in_4bit'] = True kwargs['quantization_config'] = BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type='nf4' ) else: kwargs['torch_dtype'] = torch.float16 if use_flash_attn: kwargs['attn_implementation'] = 'flash_attention_2' if 'llava' in model_name.lower(): # Load LLaVA model if 'lora' in model_name.lower() and model_base is None: warnings.warn('There is `lora` in model name but no `model_base` is provided. If you are loading a LoRA model, please provide the `model_base` argument. Detailed instruction: https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA#launch-a-model-worker-lora-weights-unmerged.') if 'lora' in model_name.lower() and model_base is not None: from llava.model.language_model.llava_llama import LlavaConfig lora_cfg_pretrained = LlavaConfig.from_pretrained(model_path) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_base, use_fast=False) print('Loading LLaVA from base model...') model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_base, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, config=lora_cfg_pretrained, **kwargs) token_num, tokem_dim = model.lm_head.out_features, model.lm_head.in_features if model.lm_head.weight.shape[0] != token_num: model.lm_head.weight = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.empty(token_num, tokem_dim, device=model.device, dtype=model.dtype)) model.model.embed_tokens.weight = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.empty(token_num, tokem_dim, device=model.device, dtype=model.dtype)) print('Loading additional LLaVA weights...') if os.path.exists(os.path.join(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin')): non_lora_trainables = torch.load(os.path.join(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin'), map_location='cpu') else: # this is probably from HF Hub from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download def load_from_hf(repo_id, filename, subfolder=None): cache_file = hf_hub_download( repo_id=repo_id, filename=filename, subfolder=subfolder) return torch.load(cache_file, map_location='cpu') non_lora_trainables = load_from_hf(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin') non_lora_trainables = {(k[11:] if k.startswith('base_model.') else k): v for k, v in non_lora_trainables.items()} if any(k.startswith('model.model.') for k in non_lora_trainables): non_lora_trainables = {(k[6:] if k.startswith('model.') else k): v for k, v in non_lora_trainables.items()} model.load_state_dict(non_lora_trainables, strict=False) from peft import PeftModel print('Loading LoRA weights...') model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, model_path) print('Merging LoRA weights...') model = model.merge_and_unload() print('Model is loaded...') elif model_base is not None: # this may be mm projector only print('Loading LLaVA from base model...') if 'mpt' in model_name.lower(): if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(model_path, 'configuration_mpt.py')): shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(model_base, 'configuration_mpt.py'), os.path.join(model_path, 'configuration_mpt.py')) tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_base, use_fast=True) cfg_pretrained = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True) model = LlavaMptForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_base, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, config=cfg_pretrained, **kwargs) else: tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_base, use_fast=False) cfg_pretrained = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path) model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_base, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, config=cfg_pretrained, **kwargs) mm_projector_weights = torch.load(os.path.join(model_path, 'mm_projector.bin'), map_location='cpu') mm_projector_weights = {k: v.to(torch.float16) for k, v in mm_projector_weights.items()} model.load_state_dict(mm_projector_weights, strict=False) else: if 'mpt' in model_name.lower(): tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, use_fast=True) model = LlavaMptForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, **kwargs) elif 'mistral' in model_name.lower(): tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path) model = LlavaMistralForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_path, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, **kwargs ) else: tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, use_fast=False) model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_path, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, **kwargs ) else: # Load language model if model_base is not None: # PEFT model from peft import PeftModel tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_base, use_fast=False) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_base, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, **kwargs) print(f"Loading LoRA weights from {model_path}") model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, model_path) print(f"Merging weights") model = model.merge_and_unload() print('Convert to FP16...') model.to(torch.float16) else: use_fast = False if 'mpt' in model_name.lower(): tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, use_fast=True) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, trust_remote_code=True, **kwargs) else: tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, use_fast=False) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, low_cpu_mem_usage=True, **kwargs) image_processor = None if 'llava' in model_name.lower(): mm_use_im_start_end = getattr(model.config, "mm_use_im_start_end", False) mm_use_im_patch_token = getattr(model.config, "mm_use_im_patch_token", True) if mm_use_im_patch_token: tokenizer.add_tokens([DEFAULT_IMAGE_PATCH_TOKEN], special_tokens=True) if mm_use_im_start_end: tokenizer.add_tokens([DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN], special_tokens=True) model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) vision_tower = model.get_vision_tower() if not vision_tower.is_loaded: vision_tower.load_model(device_map=device_map) if device_map != 'auto': vision_tower.to(device=device_map, dtype=torch.float16) image_processor = vision_tower.image_processor if hasattr(model.config, "max_sequence_length"): context_len = model.config.max_sequence_length else: context_len = 2048 return tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/consolidate.py ================================================ """ Usage: python3 -m llava.model.consolidate --src ~/model_weights/llava-7b --dst ~/model_weights/llava-7b_consolidate """ import argparse import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM from llava.model import * from llava.model.utils import auto_upgrade def consolidate_ckpt(src_path, dst_path): print("Loading model") auto_upgrade(src_path) src_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(src_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) src_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(src_path, use_fast=False) src_model.save_pretrained(dst_path) src_tokenizer.save_pretrained(dst_path) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--src", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--dst", type=str, required=True) args = parser.parse_args() consolidate_ckpt(args.src, args.dst) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/language_model/llava_llama.py ================================================ # Copyright 2023 Haotian Liu # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch import torch.nn as nn from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, \ LlamaConfig, LlamaModel, LlamaForCausalLM from transformers.modeling_outputs import CausalLMOutputWithPast from transformers.generation.utils import GenerateOutput from ..llava_arch import LlavaMetaModel, LlavaMetaForCausalLM class LlavaConfig(LlamaConfig): model_type = "llava_llama" class LlavaLlamaModel(LlavaMetaModel, LlamaModel): config_class = LlavaConfig def __init__(self, config: LlamaConfig): super(LlavaLlamaModel, self).__init__(config) class LlavaLlamaForCausalLM(LlamaForCausalLM, LlavaMetaForCausalLM): config_class = LlavaConfig def __init__(self, config): super(LlamaForCausalLM, self).__init__(config) self.model = LlavaLlamaModel(config) self.pretraining_tp = config.pretraining_tp self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False) # Initialize weights and apply final processing self.post_init() def get_model(self): return self.model def forward( self, input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None, inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None, labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, use_cache: Optional[bool] = None, output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None, output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None, images: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None, image_sizes: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None, return_dict: Optional[bool] = None, ) -> Union[Tuple, CausalLMOutputWithPast]: if inputs_embeds is None: ( input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, inputs_embeds, labels ) = self.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, labels, images, image_sizes ) return super().forward( input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, position_ids=position_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, labels=labels, use_cache=use_cache, output_attentions=output_attentions, output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states, return_dict=return_dict ) @torch.no_grad() def generate( self, inputs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, images: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, image_sizes: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, **kwargs, ) -> Union[GenerateOutput, torch.LongTensor]: position_ids = kwargs.pop("position_ids", None) attention_mask = kwargs.pop("attention_mask", None) if "inputs_embeds" in kwargs: raise NotImplementedError("`inputs_embeds` is not supported") if images is not None: ( inputs, position_ids, attention_mask, _, inputs_embeds, _ ) = self.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( inputs, position_ids, attention_mask, None, None, images, image_sizes=image_sizes ) else: inputs_embeds = self.get_model().embed_tokens(inputs) return super().generate( position_ids=position_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, **kwargs ) def prepare_inputs_for_generation(self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, inputs_embeds=None, **kwargs): images = kwargs.pop("images", None) image_sizes = kwargs.pop("image_sizes", None) inputs = super().prepare_inputs_for_generation( input_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, **kwargs ) if images is not None: inputs['images'] = images if image_sizes is not None: inputs['image_sizes'] = image_sizes return inputs AutoConfig.register("llava_llama", LlavaConfig) AutoModelForCausalLM.register(LlavaConfig, LlavaLlamaForCausalLM) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/language_model/llava_mistral.py ================================================ # Copyright 2023 Haotian Liu # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, \ MistralConfig, MistralModel, MistralForCausalLM from transformers.modeling_outputs import CausalLMOutputWithPast from transformers.generation.utils import GenerateOutput from ..llava_arch import LlavaMetaModel, LlavaMetaForCausalLM class LlavaMistralConfig(MistralConfig): model_type = "llava_mistral" class LlavaMistralModel(LlavaMetaModel, MistralModel): config_class = LlavaMistralConfig def __init__(self, config: MistralConfig): super(LlavaMistralModel, self).__init__(config) class LlavaMistralForCausalLM(MistralForCausalLM, LlavaMetaForCausalLM): config_class = LlavaMistralConfig def __init__(self, config): super(MistralForCausalLM, self).__init__(config) self.model = LlavaMistralModel(config) self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False) # Initialize weights and apply final processing self.post_init() def get_model(self): return self.model def forward( self, input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, past_key_values: Optional[List[torch.FloatTensor]] = None, inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None, labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, use_cache: Optional[bool] = None, output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None, output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None, images: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None, image_sizes: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None, return_dict: Optional[bool] = None, ) -> Union[Tuple, CausalLMOutputWithPast]: if inputs_embeds is None: ( input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, inputs_embeds, labels ) = self.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, labels, images, image_sizes ) return super().forward( input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, position_ids=position_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, labels=labels, use_cache=use_cache, output_attentions=output_attentions, output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states, return_dict=return_dict ) @torch.no_grad() def generate( self, inputs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, images: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, image_sizes: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, **kwargs, ) -> Union[GenerateOutput, torch.LongTensor]: position_ids = kwargs.pop("position_ids", None) attention_mask = kwargs.pop("attention_mask", None) if "inputs_embeds" in kwargs: raise NotImplementedError("`inputs_embeds` is not supported") if images is not None: ( inputs, position_ids, attention_mask, _, inputs_embeds, _ ) = self.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( inputs, position_ids, attention_mask, None, None, images, image_sizes=image_sizes ) else: inputs_embeds = self.get_model().embed_tokens(inputs) return super().generate( position_ids=position_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, **kwargs ) def prepare_inputs_for_generation(self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, inputs_embeds=None, **kwargs): images = kwargs.pop("images", None) image_sizes = kwargs.pop("image_sizes", None) inputs = super().prepare_inputs_for_generation( input_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, **kwargs ) if images is not None: inputs['images'] = images if image_sizes is not None: inputs['image_sizes'] = image_sizes return inputs AutoConfig.register("llava_mistral", LlavaMistralConfig) AutoModelForCausalLM.register(LlavaMistralConfig, LlavaMistralForCausalLM) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/language_model/llava_mpt.py ================================================ # Copyright 2023 Haotian Liu # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from typing import Optional, Tuple import torch from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, \ MptConfig, MptForCausalLM, MptModel from llava.model.llava_arch import LlavaMetaModel, LlavaMetaForCausalLM class LlavaMptConfig(MptConfig): model_type = "llava_mpt" class LlavaMptModel(LlavaMetaModel, MptModel): config_class = LlavaMptConfig def __init__(self, config: MptConfig): config.hidden_size = config.d_model super(LlavaMptModel, self).__init__(config) def embed_tokens(self, x): return self.wte(x) class LlavaMptForCausalLM(MptForCausalLM, LlavaMetaForCausalLM): config_class = LlavaMptConfig supports_gradient_checkpointing = True def __init__(self, config): super(MptForCausalLM, self).__init__(config) self.transformer = LlavaMptModel(config) self.lm_head = torch.nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False) # Initialize weights and apply final processing self.post_init() def get_model(self): return self.transformer def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module, value=False): if isinstance(module, LlavaMptModel): module.gradient_checkpointing = value def forward( self, input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], ...]] = None, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, labels: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, use_cache: Optional[bool] = None, output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None, output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None, return_dict: Optional[bool] = None, images=None): input_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, inputs_embeds, labels = self.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal(input_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, labels, images) return super().forward( input_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, attention_mask=attention_mask, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, labels=labels, use_cache=use_cache, output_attentions=output_attentions, output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states, return_dict=return_dict, ) def prepare_inputs_for_generation(self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, inputs_embeds=None, **kwargs): images = kwargs.pop("images", None) _inputs = super().prepare_inputs_for_generation( input_ids, past_key_values=past_key_values, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, **kwargs ) _inputs['images'] = images return _inputs AutoConfig.register("llava_mpt", LlavaMptConfig) AutoModelForCausalLM.register(LlavaMptConfig, LlavaMptForCausalLM) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/llava_arch.py ================================================ # Copyright 2023 Haotian Liu # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from abc import ABC, abstractmethod import torch import torch.nn as nn from .multimodal_encoder.builder import build_vision_tower from .multimodal_projector.builder import build_vision_projector from llava.constants import IGNORE_INDEX, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_PATCH_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.mm_utils import get_anyres_image_grid_shape class LlavaMetaModel: def __init__(self, config): super(LlavaMetaModel, self).__init__(config) if hasattr(config, "mm_vision_tower"): self.vision_tower = build_vision_tower(config, delay_load=True) self.mm_projector = build_vision_projector(config) if 'unpad' in getattr(config, 'mm_patch_merge_type', ''): self.image_newline = nn.Parameter( torch.empty(config.hidden_size, dtype=self.dtype) ) def get_vision_tower(self): vision_tower = getattr(self, 'vision_tower', None) if type(vision_tower) is list: vision_tower = vision_tower[0] return vision_tower def initialize_vision_modules(self, model_args, fsdp=None): vision_tower = model_args.vision_tower mm_vision_select_layer = model_args.mm_vision_select_layer mm_vision_select_feature = model_args.mm_vision_select_feature pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter = model_args.pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter mm_patch_merge_type = model_args.mm_patch_merge_type self.config.mm_vision_tower = vision_tower if self.get_vision_tower() is None: vision_tower = build_vision_tower(model_args) if fsdp is not None and len(fsdp) > 0: self.vision_tower = [vision_tower] else: self.vision_tower = vision_tower else: if fsdp is not None and len(fsdp) > 0: vision_tower = self.vision_tower[0] else: vision_tower = self.vision_tower vision_tower.load_model() self.config.use_mm_proj = True self.config.mm_projector_type = getattr(model_args, 'mm_projector_type', 'linear') self.config.mm_hidden_size = vision_tower.hidden_size self.config.mm_vision_select_layer = mm_vision_select_layer self.config.mm_vision_select_feature = mm_vision_select_feature self.config.mm_patch_merge_type = mm_patch_merge_type if getattr(self, 'mm_projector', None) is None: self.mm_projector = build_vision_projector(self.config) if 'unpad' in mm_patch_merge_type: embed_std = 1 / torch.sqrt(torch.tensor(self.config.hidden_size, dtype=self.dtype)) self.image_newline = nn.Parameter( torch.randn(self.config.hidden_size, dtype=self.dtype) * embed_std ) else: # In case it is frozen by LoRA for p in self.mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True if pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter is not None: mm_projector_weights = torch.load(pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter, map_location='cpu') def get_w(weights, keyword): return {k.split(keyword + '.')[1]: v for k, v in weights.items() if keyword in k} self.mm_projector.load_state_dict(get_w(mm_projector_weights, 'mm_projector')) def unpad_image(tensor, original_size): """ Unpads a PyTorch tensor of a padded and resized image. Args: tensor (torch.Tensor): The image tensor, assumed to be in CxHxW format. original_size (tuple): The original size of the image (height, width). Returns: torch.Tensor: The unpadded image tensor. """ original_width, original_height = original_size current_height, current_width = tensor.shape[1:] original_aspect_ratio = original_width / original_height current_aspect_ratio = current_width / current_height if original_aspect_ratio > current_aspect_ratio: scale_factor = current_width / original_width new_height = int(original_height * scale_factor) padding = (current_height - new_height) // 2 unpadded_tensor = tensor[:, padding:current_height - padding, :] else: scale_factor = current_height / original_height new_width = int(original_width * scale_factor) padding = (current_width - new_width) // 2 unpadded_tensor = tensor[:, :, padding:current_width - padding] return unpadded_tensor class LlavaMetaForCausalLM(ABC): @abstractmethod def get_model(self): pass def get_vision_tower(self): return self.get_model().get_vision_tower() def encode_images(self, images): image_features = self.get_model().get_vision_tower()(images) image_features = self.get_model().mm_projector(image_features) return image_features def prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( self, input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, labels, images, image_sizes=None ): vision_tower = self.get_vision_tower() if vision_tower is None or images is None or input_ids.shape[1] == 1: return input_ids, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, None, labels if type(images) is list or images.ndim == 5: if type(images) is list: images = [x.unsqueeze(0) if x.ndim == 3 else x for x in images] concat_images = torch.cat([image for image in images], dim=0) image_features = self.encode_images(concat_images) split_sizes = [image.shape[0] for image in images] image_features = torch.split(image_features, split_sizes, dim=0) mm_patch_merge_type = getattr(self.config, 'mm_patch_merge_type', 'flat') image_aspect_ratio = getattr(self.config, 'image_aspect_ratio', 'square') if mm_patch_merge_type == 'flat': image_features = [x.flatten(0, 1) for x in image_features] elif mm_patch_merge_type.startswith('spatial'): new_image_features = [] for image_idx, image_feature in enumerate(image_features): if image_feature.shape[0] > 1: base_image_feature = image_feature[0] image_feature = image_feature[1:] height = width = self.get_vision_tower().num_patches_per_side assert height * width == base_image_feature.shape[0] if image_aspect_ratio == 'anyres': num_patch_width, num_patch_height = get_anyres_image_grid_shape(image_sizes[image_idx], self.config.image_grid_pinpoints, self.get_vision_tower().config.image_size) image_feature = image_feature.view(num_patch_height, num_patch_width, height, width, -1) else: raise NotImplementedError if 'unpad' in mm_patch_merge_type: image_feature = image_feature.permute(4, 0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous() image_feature = image_feature.flatten(1, 2).flatten(2, 3) image_feature = unpad_image(image_feature, image_sizes[image_idx]) image_feature = torch.cat(( image_feature, self.model.image_newline[:, None, None].expand(*image_feature.shape[:-1], 1).to(image_feature.device) ), dim=-1) image_feature = image_feature.flatten(1, 2).transpose(0, 1) else: image_feature = image_feature.permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4).contiguous() image_feature = image_feature.flatten(0, 3) image_feature = torch.cat((base_image_feature, image_feature), dim=0) else: image_feature = image_feature[0] if 'unpad' in mm_patch_merge_type: image_feature = torch.cat(( image_feature, self.model.image_newline[None].to(image_feature.device) ), dim=0) new_image_features.append(image_feature) image_features = new_image_features else: raise ValueError(f"Unexpected mm_patch_merge_type: {self.config.mm_patch_merge_type}") else: image_features = self.encode_images(images) # TODO: image start / end is not implemented here to support pretraining. if getattr(self.config, 'tune_mm_mlp_adapter', False) and getattr(self.config, 'mm_use_im_start_end', False): raise NotImplementedError # Let's just add dummy tensors if they do not exist, # it is a headache to deal with None all the time. # But it is not ideal, and if you have a better idea, # please open an issue / submit a PR, thanks. _labels = labels _position_ids = position_ids _attention_mask = attention_mask if attention_mask is None: attention_mask = torch.ones_like(input_ids, dtype=torch.bool) else: attention_mask = attention_mask.bool() if position_ids is None: position_ids = torch.arange(0, input_ids.shape[1], dtype=torch.long, device=input_ids.device) if labels is None: labels = torch.full_like(input_ids, IGNORE_INDEX) # remove the padding using attention_mask -- FIXME _input_ids = input_ids input_ids = [cur_input_ids[cur_attention_mask] for cur_input_ids, cur_attention_mask in zip(input_ids, attention_mask)] labels = [cur_labels[cur_attention_mask] for cur_labels, cur_attention_mask in zip(labels, attention_mask)] new_input_embeds = [] new_labels = [] cur_image_idx = 0 for batch_idx, cur_input_ids in enumerate(input_ids): num_images = (cur_input_ids == IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX).sum() if num_images == 0: cur_image_features = image_features[cur_image_idx] cur_input_embeds_1 = self.get_model().embed_tokens(cur_input_ids) cur_input_embeds = torch.cat([cur_input_embeds_1, cur_image_features[0:0]], dim=0) new_input_embeds.append(cur_input_embeds) new_labels.append(labels[batch_idx]) cur_image_idx += 1 continue image_token_indices = [-1] + torch.where(cur_input_ids == IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX)[0].tolist() + [cur_input_ids.shape[0]] cur_input_ids_noim = [] cur_labels = labels[batch_idx] cur_labels_noim = [] for i in range(len(image_token_indices) - 1): cur_input_ids_noim.append(cur_input_ids[image_token_indices[i]+1:image_token_indices[i+1]]) cur_labels_noim.append(cur_labels[image_token_indices[i]+1:image_token_indices[i+1]]) split_sizes = [x.shape[0] for x in cur_labels_noim] cur_input_embeds = self.get_model().embed_tokens(torch.cat(cur_input_ids_noim)) cur_input_embeds_no_im = torch.split(cur_input_embeds, split_sizes, dim=0) cur_new_input_embeds = [] cur_new_labels = [] for i in range(num_images + 1): cur_new_input_embeds.append(cur_input_embeds_no_im[i]) cur_new_labels.append(cur_labels_noim[i]) if i < num_images: cur_image_features = image_features[cur_image_idx] cur_image_idx += 1 cur_new_input_embeds.append(cur_image_features) cur_new_labels.append(torch.full((cur_image_features.shape[0],), IGNORE_INDEX, device=cur_labels.device, dtype=cur_labels.dtype)) cur_new_input_embeds = [x.to(self.device) for x in cur_new_input_embeds] cur_new_input_embeds = torch.cat(cur_new_input_embeds) cur_new_labels = torch.cat(cur_new_labels) new_input_embeds.append(cur_new_input_embeds) new_labels.append(cur_new_labels) # Truncate sequences to max length as image embeddings can make the sequence longer tokenizer_model_max_length = getattr(self.config, 'tokenizer_model_max_length', None) if tokenizer_model_max_length is not None: new_input_embeds = [x[:tokenizer_model_max_length] for x in new_input_embeds] new_labels = [x[:tokenizer_model_max_length] for x in new_labels] # Combine them max_len = max(x.shape[0] for x in new_input_embeds) batch_size = len(new_input_embeds) new_input_embeds_padded = [] new_labels_padded = torch.full((batch_size, max_len), IGNORE_INDEX, dtype=new_labels[0].dtype, device=new_labels[0].device) attention_mask = torch.zeros((batch_size, max_len), dtype=attention_mask.dtype, device=attention_mask.device) position_ids = torch.zeros((batch_size, max_len), dtype=position_ids.dtype, device=position_ids.device) for i, (cur_new_embed, cur_new_labels) in enumerate(zip(new_input_embeds, new_labels)): cur_len = cur_new_embed.shape[0] if getattr(self.config, 'tokenizer_padding_side', 'right') == "left": new_input_embeds_padded.append(torch.cat(( torch.zeros((max_len - cur_len, cur_new_embed.shape[1]), dtype=cur_new_embed.dtype, device=cur_new_embed.device), cur_new_embed ), dim=0)) if cur_len > 0: new_labels_padded[i, -cur_len:] = cur_new_labels attention_mask[i, -cur_len:] = True position_ids[i, -cur_len:] = torch.arange(0, cur_len, dtype=position_ids.dtype, device=position_ids.device) else: new_input_embeds_padded.append(torch.cat(( cur_new_embed, torch.zeros((max_len - cur_len, cur_new_embed.shape[1]), dtype=cur_new_embed.dtype, device=cur_new_embed.device) ), dim=0)) if cur_len > 0: new_labels_padded[i, :cur_len] = cur_new_labels attention_mask[i, :cur_len] = True position_ids[i, :cur_len] = torch.arange(0, cur_len, dtype=position_ids.dtype, device=position_ids.device) new_input_embeds = torch.stack(new_input_embeds_padded, dim=0) if _labels is None: new_labels = None else: new_labels = new_labels_padded if _attention_mask is None: attention_mask = None else: attention_mask = attention_mask.to(dtype=_attention_mask.dtype) if _position_ids is None: position_ids = None return None, position_ids, attention_mask, past_key_values, new_input_embeds, new_labels def initialize_vision_tokenizer(self, model_args, tokenizer): if model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token: tokenizer.add_tokens([DEFAULT_IMAGE_PATCH_TOKEN], special_tokens=True) self.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if model_args.mm_use_im_start_end: num_new_tokens = tokenizer.add_tokens([DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN], special_tokens=True) self.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if num_new_tokens > 0: input_embeddings = self.get_input_embeddings().weight.data output_embeddings = self.get_output_embeddings().weight.data input_embeddings_avg = input_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) output_embeddings_avg = output_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = input_embeddings_avg output_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = output_embeddings_avg if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in self.get_input_embeddings().parameters(): p.requires_grad = True for p in self.get_output_embeddings().parameters(): p.requires_grad = False if model_args.pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter: mm_projector_weights = torch.load(model_args.pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter, map_location='cpu') embed_tokens_weight = mm_projector_weights['model.embed_tokens.weight'] assert num_new_tokens == 2 if input_embeddings.shape == embed_tokens_weight.shape: input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = embed_tokens_weight[-num_new_tokens:] elif embed_tokens_weight.shape[0] == num_new_tokens: input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = embed_tokens_weight else: raise ValueError(f"Unexpected embed_tokens_weight shape. Pretrained: {embed_tokens_weight.shape}. Current: {input_embeddings.shape}. Numer of new tokens: {num_new_tokens}.") elif model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token: if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in self.get_input_embeddings().parameters(): p.requires_grad = False for p in self.get_output_embeddings().parameters(): p.requires_grad = False ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/make_delta.py ================================================ """ Usage: python3 -m llava.model.make_delta --base ~/model_weights/llama-7b --target ~/model_weights/llava-7b --delta ~/model_weights/llava-7b-delta --hub-repo-id liuhaotian/llava-7b-delta """ import argparse import torch from tqdm import tqdm from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM from llava.model.utils import auto_upgrade def make_delta(base_model_path, target_model_path, delta_path, hub_repo_id): print("Loading base model") base = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( base_model_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) print("Loading target model") auto_upgrade(target_model_path) target = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(target_model_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, low_cpu_mem_usage=True) print("Calculating delta") for name, param in tqdm(target.state_dict().items(), desc="Calculating delta"): if name not in base.state_dict(): assert name in ['model.mm_projector.weight', 'model.mm_projector.bias'], f'{name} not in base model' continue if param.data.shape == base.state_dict()[name].shape: param.data -= base.state_dict()[name] else: assert name in ['model.embed_tokens.weight', 'lm_head.weight'], f'{name} dimension mismatch: {param.data.shape} vs {base.state_dict()[name].shape}' bparam = base.state_dict()[name] param.data[:bparam.shape[0], :bparam.shape[1]] -= bparam print("Saving delta") if hub_repo_id: kwargs = {"push_to_hub": True, "repo_id": hub_repo_id} else: kwargs = {} target.save_pretrained(delta_path, **kwargs) target_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(target_model_path) target_tokenizer.save_pretrained(delta_path, **kwargs) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--base-model-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--target-model-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--delta-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--hub-repo-id", type=str, default=None) args = parser.parse_args() make_delta(args.base_model_path, args.target_model_path, args.delta_path, args.hub_repo_id) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/multimodal_encoder/builder.py ================================================ import os from .clip_encoder import CLIPVisionTower def build_vision_tower(vision_tower_cfg, **kwargs): vision_tower = getattr(vision_tower_cfg, 'mm_vision_tower', getattr(vision_tower_cfg, 'vision_tower', None)) is_absolute_path_exists = os.path.exists(vision_tower) if is_absolute_path_exists or vision_tower.startswith("openai") or vision_tower.startswith("laion") or "ShareGPT4V" in vision_tower: return CLIPVisionTower(vision_tower, args=vision_tower_cfg, **kwargs) raise ValueError(f'Unknown vision tower: {vision_tower}') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/multimodal_encoder/clip_encoder.py ================================================ import torch import torch.nn as nn from transformers import CLIPVisionModel, CLIPImageProcessor, CLIPVisionConfig class CLIPVisionTower(nn.Module): def __init__(self, vision_tower, args, delay_load=False): super().__init__() self.is_loaded = False self.vision_tower_name = vision_tower self.select_layer = args.mm_vision_select_layer self.select_feature = getattr(args, 'mm_vision_select_feature', 'patch') if not delay_load: self.load_model() elif getattr(args, 'unfreeze_mm_vision_tower', False): self.load_model() else: self.cfg_only = CLIPVisionConfig.from_pretrained(self.vision_tower_name) def load_model(self, device_map=None): if self.is_loaded: print('{} is already loaded, `load_model` called again, skipping.'.format(self.vision_tower_name)) return self.image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(self.vision_tower_name) self.vision_tower = CLIPVisionModel.from_pretrained(self.vision_tower_name, device_map=device_map) self.vision_tower.requires_grad_(False) self.is_loaded = True def feature_select(self, image_forward_outs): image_features = image_forward_outs.hidden_states[self.select_layer] if self.select_feature == 'patch': image_features = image_features[:, 1:] elif self.select_feature == 'cls_patch': image_features = image_features else: raise ValueError(f'Unexpected select feature: {self.select_feature}') return image_features @torch.no_grad() def forward(self, images): if type(images) is list: image_features = [] for image in images: image_forward_out = self.vision_tower(image.to(device=self.device, dtype=self.dtype).unsqueeze(0), output_hidden_states=True) image_feature = self.feature_select(image_forward_out).to(image.dtype) image_features.append(image_feature) else: image_forward_outs = self.vision_tower(images.to(device=self.device, dtype=self.dtype), output_hidden_states=True) image_features = self.feature_select(image_forward_outs).to(images.dtype) return image_features @property def dummy_feature(self): return torch.zeros(1, self.hidden_size, device=self.device, dtype=self.dtype) @property def dtype(self): return self.vision_tower.dtype @property def device(self): return self.vision_tower.device @property def config(self): if self.is_loaded: return self.vision_tower.config else: return self.cfg_only @property def hidden_size(self): return self.config.hidden_size @property def num_patches_per_side(self): return self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size @property def num_patches(self): return (self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size) ** 2 ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/multimodal_projector/builder.py ================================================ import torch import torch.nn as nn import re class IdentityMap(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super().__init__() def forward(self, x, *args, **kwargs): return x @property def config(self): return {"mm_projector_type": 'identity'} class SimpleResBlock(nn.Module): def __init__(self, channels): super().__init__() self.pre_norm = nn.LayerNorm(channels) self.proj = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(channels, channels), nn.GELU(), nn.Linear(channels, channels) ) def forward(self, x): x = self.pre_norm(x) return x + self.proj(x) def build_vision_projector(config, delay_load=False, **kwargs): projector_type = getattr(config, 'mm_projector_type', 'linear') if projector_type == 'linear': return nn.Linear(config.mm_hidden_size, config.hidden_size) mlp_gelu_match = re.match(r'^mlp(\d+)x_gelu$', projector_type) if mlp_gelu_match: mlp_depth = int(mlp_gelu_match.group(1)) modules = [nn.Linear(config.mm_hidden_size, config.hidden_size)] for _ in range(1, mlp_depth): modules.append(nn.GELU()) modules.append(nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size)) return nn.Sequential(*modules) if projector_type == 'identity': return IdentityMap() raise ValueError(f'Unknown projector type: {projector_type}') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/model/utils.py ================================================ from transformers import AutoConfig def auto_upgrade(config): cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(config) if 'llava' in config and 'llava' not in cfg.model_type: assert cfg.model_type == 'llama' print("You are using newer LLaVA code base, while the checkpoint of v0 is from older code base.") print("You must upgrade the checkpoint to the new code base (this can be done automatically).") confirm = input("Please confirm that you want to upgrade the checkpoint. [Y/N]") if confirm.lower() in ["y", "yes"]: print("Upgrading checkpoint...") assert len(cfg.architectures) == 1 setattr(cfg.__class__, "model_type", "llava") cfg.architectures[0] = 'LlavaLlamaForCausalLM' cfg.save_pretrained(config) print("Checkpoint upgraded.") else: print("Checkpoint upgrade aborted.") exit(1) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/__init__.py ================================================ ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/cli.py ================================================ import argparse import torch from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import process_images, tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path from PIL import Image import requests from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO from transformers import TextStreamer def load_image(image_file): if image_file.startswith('http://') or image_file.startswith('https://'): response = requests.get(image_file) image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert('RGB') else: image = Image.open(image_file).convert('RGB') return image def main(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_name = get_model_name_from_path(args.model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(args.model_path, args.model_base, model_name, args.load_8bit, args.load_4bit, device=args.device) if "llama-2" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "llava_llama_2" elif "mistral" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "mistral_instruct" elif "v1.6-34b" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "chatml_direct" elif "v1" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "llava_v1" elif "mpt" in model_name.lower(): conv_mode = "mpt" else: conv_mode = "llava_v0" if args.conv_mode is not None and conv_mode != args.conv_mode: print('[WARNING] the auto inferred conversation mode is {}, while `--conv-mode` is {}, using {}'.format(conv_mode, args.conv_mode, args.conv_mode)) else: args.conv_mode = conv_mode conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() if "mpt" in model_name.lower(): roles = ('user', 'assistant') else: roles = conv.roles image = load_image(args.image_file) image_size = image.size # Similar operation in model_worker.py image_tensor = process_images([image], image_processor, model.config) if type(image_tensor) is list: image_tensor = [image.to(model.device, dtype=torch.float16) for image in image_tensor] else: image_tensor = image_tensor.to(model.device, dtype=torch.float16) while True: try: inp = input(f"{roles[0]}: ") except EOFError: inp = "" if not inp: print("exit...") break print(f"{roles[1]}: ", end="") if image is not None: # first message if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: inp = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + inp else: inp = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + inp conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], inp) image = None else: # later messages conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], inp) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).to(model.device) stop_str = conv.sep if conv.sep_style != SeparatorStyle.TWO else conv.sep2 keywords = [stop_str] streamer = TextStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True) with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids, images=image_tensor, image_sizes=[image_size], do_sample=True if args.temperature > 0 else False, temperature=args.temperature, max_new_tokens=args.max_new_tokens, streamer=streamer, use_cache=True) outputs = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[0]).strip() conv.messages[-1][-1] = outputs if args.debug: print("\n", {"prompt": prompt, "outputs": outputs}, "\n") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--image-file", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default="cuda") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--max-new-tokens", type=int, default=512) parser.add_argument("--load-8bit", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--load-4bit", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() main(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/controller.py ================================================ """ A controller manages distributed workers. It sends worker addresses to clients. """ import argparse import asyncio import dataclasses from enum import Enum, auto import json import logging import time from typing import List, Union import threading from fastapi import FastAPI, Request from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse import numpy as np import requests import uvicorn from llava.constants import CONTROLLER_HEART_BEAT_EXPIRATION from llava.utils import build_logger, server_error_msg logger = build_logger("controller", "controller.log") class DispatchMethod(Enum): LOTTERY = auto() SHORTEST_QUEUE = auto() @classmethod def from_str(cls, name): if name == "lottery": return cls.LOTTERY elif name == "shortest_queue": return cls.SHORTEST_QUEUE else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid dispatch method") @dataclasses.dataclass class WorkerInfo: model_names: List[str] speed: int queue_length: int check_heart_beat: bool last_heart_beat: str def heart_beat_controller(controller): while True: time.sleep(CONTROLLER_HEART_BEAT_EXPIRATION) controller.remove_stable_workers_by_expiration() class Controller: def __init__(self, dispatch_method: str): # Dict[str -> WorkerInfo] self.worker_info = {} self.dispatch_method = DispatchMethod.from_str(dispatch_method) self.heart_beat_thread = threading.Thread( target=heart_beat_controller, args=(self,), daemon=True) self.heart_beat_thread.start() logger.info("Init controller") def register_worker(self, worker_name: str, check_heart_beat: bool, worker_status: dict): if worker_name not in self.worker_info: logger.info(f"Register a new worker: {worker_name}") else: logger.info(f"Register an existing worker: {worker_name}") if not worker_status: worker_status = self.get_worker_status(worker_name) if not worker_status: return False self.worker_info[worker_name] = WorkerInfo( worker_status["model_names"], worker_status["speed"], worker_status["queue_length"], check_heart_beat, time.time()) logger.info(f"Register done: {worker_name}, {worker_status}") return True def get_worker_status(self, worker_name: str): try: r = requests.post(worker_name + "/worker_get_status", timeout=5) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: logger.error(f"Get status fails: {worker_name}, {e}") return None if r.status_code != 200: logger.error(f"Get status fails: {worker_name}, {r}") return None return r.json() def remove_worker(self, worker_name: str): del self.worker_info[worker_name] def refresh_all_workers(self): old_info = dict(self.worker_info) self.worker_info = {} for w_name, w_info in old_info.items(): if not self.register_worker(w_name, w_info.check_heart_beat, None): logger.info(f"Remove stale worker: {w_name}") def list_models(self): model_names = set() for w_name, w_info in self.worker_info.items(): model_names.update(w_info.model_names) return list(model_names) def get_worker_address(self, model_name: str): if self.dispatch_method == DispatchMethod.LOTTERY: worker_names = [] worker_speeds = [] for w_name, w_info in self.worker_info.items(): if model_name in w_info.model_names: worker_names.append(w_name) worker_speeds.append(w_info.speed) worker_speeds = np.array(worker_speeds, dtype=np.float32) norm = np.sum(worker_speeds) if norm < 1e-4: return "" worker_speeds = worker_speeds / norm if True: # Directly return address pt = np.random.choice(np.arange(len(worker_names)), p=worker_speeds) worker_name = worker_names[pt] return worker_name # Check status before returning while True: pt = np.random.choice(np.arange(len(worker_names)), p=worker_speeds) worker_name = worker_names[pt] if self.get_worker_status(worker_name): break else: self.remove_worker(worker_name) worker_speeds[pt] = 0 norm = np.sum(worker_speeds) if norm < 1e-4: return "" worker_speeds = worker_speeds / norm continue return worker_name elif self.dispatch_method == DispatchMethod.SHORTEST_QUEUE: worker_names = [] worker_qlen = [] for w_name, w_info in self.worker_info.items(): if model_name in w_info.model_names: worker_names.append(w_name) worker_qlen.append(w_info.queue_length / w_info.speed) if len(worker_names) == 0: return "" min_index = np.argmin(worker_qlen) w_name = worker_names[min_index] self.worker_info[w_name].queue_length += 1 logger.info(f"names: {worker_names}, queue_lens: {worker_qlen}, ret: {w_name}") return w_name else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid dispatch method: {self.dispatch_method}") def receive_heart_beat(self, worker_name: str, queue_length: int): if worker_name not in self.worker_info: logger.info(f"Receive unknown heart beat. {worker_name}") return False self.worker_info[worker_name].queue_length = queue_length self.worker_info[worker_name].last_heart_beat = time.time() logger.info(f"Receive heart beat. {worker_name}") return True def remove_stable_workers_by_expiration(self): expire = time.time() - CONTROLLER_HEART_BEAT_EXPIRATION to_delete = [] for worker_name, w_info in self.worker_info.items(): if w_info.check_heart_beat and w_info.last_heart_beat < expire: to_delete.append(worker_name) for worker_name in to_delete: self.remove_worker(worker_name) def worker_api_generate_stream(self, params): worker_addr = self.get_worker_address(params["model"]) if not worker_addr: logger.info(f"no worker: {params['model']}") ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 2, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" try: response = requests.post(worker_addr + "/worker_generate_stream", json=params, stream=True, timeout=5) for chunk in response.iter_lines(decode_unicode=False, delimiter=b"\0"): if chunk: yield chunk + b"\0" except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: logger.info(f"worker timeout: {worker_addr}") ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 3, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" # Let the controller act as a worker to achieve hierarchical # management. This can be used to connect isolated sub networks. def worker_api_get_status(self): model_names = set() speed = 0 queue_length = 0 for w_name in self.worker_info: worker_status = self.get_worker_status(w_name) if worker_status is not None: model_names.update(worker_status["model_names"]) speed += worker_status["speed"] queue_length += worker_status["queue_length"] return { "model_names": list(model_names), "speed": speed, "queue_length": queue_length, } app = FastAPI() @app.post("/register_worker") async def register_worker(request: Request): data = await request.json() controller.register_worker( data["worker_name"], data["check_heart_beat"], data.get("worker_status", None)) @app.post("/refresh_all_workers") async def refresh_all_workers(): models = controller.refresh_all_workers() @app.post("/list_models") async def list_models(): models = controller.list_models() return {"models": models} @app.post("/get_worker_address") async def get_worker_address(request: Request): data = await request.json() addr = controller.get_worker_address(data["model"]) return {"address": addr} @app.post("/receive_heart_beat") async def receive_heart_beat(request: Request): data = await request.json() exist = controller.receive_heart_beat( data["worker_name"], data["queue_length"]) return {"exist": exist} @app.post("/worker_generate_stream") async def worker_api_generate_stream(request: Request): params = await request.json() generator = controller.worker_api_generate_stream(params) return StreamingResponse(generator) @app.post("/worker_get_status") async def worker_api_get_status(request: Request): return controller.worker_api_get_status() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="localhost") parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=21001) parser.add_argument("--dispatch-method", type=str, choices=[ "lottery", "shortest_queue"], default="shortest_queue") args = parser.parse_args() logger.info(f"args: {args}") controller = Controller(args.dispatch_method) uvicorn.run(app, host=args.host, port=args.port, log_level="info") ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/gradio_web_server.py ================================================ import argparse import datetime import json import os import time import gradio as gr import requests from llava.conversation import (default_conversation, conv_templates, SeparatorStyle) from llava.constants import LOGDIR from llava.utils import (build_logger, server_error_msg, violates_moderation, moderation_msg) import hashlib logger = build_logger("gradio_web_server", "gradio_web_server.log") headers = {"User-Agent": "LLaVA Client"} no_change_btn = gr.Button() enable_btn = gr.Button(interactive=True) disable_btn = gr.Button(interactive=False) priority = { "vicuna-13b": "aaaaaaa", "koala-13b": "aaaaaab", } def get_conv_log_filename(): t = datetime.datetime.now() name = os.path.join(LOGDIR, f"{t.year}-{t.month:02d}-{t.day:02d}-conv.json") return name def get_model_list(): ret = requests.post(args.controller_url + "/refresh_all_workers") assert ret.status_code == 200 ret = requests.post(args.controller_url + "/list_models") models = ret.json()["models"] models.sort(key=lambda x: priority.get(x, x)) logger.info(f"Models: {models}") return models get_window_url_params = """ function() { const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); url_params = Object.fromEntries(params); console.log(url_params); return url_params; } """ def load_demo(url_params, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"load_demo. ip: {request.client.host}. params: {url_params}") dropdown_update = gr.Dropdown(visible=True) if "model" in url_params: model = url_params["model"] if model in models: dropdown_update = gr.Dropdown(value=model, visible=True) state = default_conversation.copy() return state, dropdown_update def load_demo_refresh_model_list(request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"load_demo. ip: {request.client.host}") models = get_model_list() state = default_conversation.copy() dropdown_update = gr.Dropdown( choices=models, value=models[0] if len(models) > 0 else "" ) return state, dropdown_update def vote_last_response(state, vote_type, model_selector, request: gr.Request): with open(get_conv_log_filename(), "a") as fout: data = { "tstamp": round(time.time(), 4), "type": vote_type, "model": model_selector, "state": state.dict(), "ip": request.client.host, } fout.write(json.dumps(data) + "\n") def upvote_last_response(state, model_selector, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"upvote. ip: {request.client.host}") vote_last_response(state, "upvote", model_selector, request) return ("",) + (disable_btn,) * 3 def downvote_last_response(state, model_selector, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"downvote. ip: {request.client.host}") vote_last_response(state, "downvote", model_selector, request) return ("",) + (disable_btn,) * 3 def flag_last_response(state, model_selector, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"flag. ip: {request.client.host}") vote_last_response(state, "flag", model_selector, request) return ("",) + (disable_btn,) * 3 def regenerate(state, image_process_mode, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"regenerate. ip: {request.client.host}") state.messages[-1][-1] = None prev_human_msg = state.messages[-2] if type(prev_human_msg[1]) in (tuple, list): prev_human_msg[1] = (*prev_human_msg[1][:2], image_process_mode) state.skip_next = False return (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), "", None) + (disable_btn,) * 5 def clear_history(request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"clear_history. ip: {request.client.host}") state = default_conversation.copy() return (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), "", None) + (disable_btn,) * 5 def add_text(state, text, image, image_process_mode, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"add_text. ip: {request.client.host}. len: {len(text)}") if len(text) <= 0 and image is None: state.skip_next = True return (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), "", None) + (no_change_btn,) * 5 if args.moderate: flagged = violates_moderation(text) if flagged: state.skip_next = True return (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), moderation_msg, None) + ( no_change_btn,) * 5 text = text[:1536] # Hard cut-off if image is not None: text = text[:1200] # Hard cut-off for images if '' not in text: # text = '' + text text = text + '\n' text = (text, image, image_process_mode) state = default_conversation.copy() state.append_message(state.roles[0], text) state.append_message(state.roles[1], None) state.skip_next = False return (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), "", None) + (disable_btn,) * 5 def http_bot(state, model_selector, temperature, top_p, max_new_tokens, request: gr.Request): logger.info(f"http_bot. ip: {request.client.host}") start_tstamp = time.time() model_name = model_selector if state.skip_next: # This generate call is skipped due to invalid inputs yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (no_change_btn,) * 5 return if len(state.messages) == state.offset + 2: # First round of conversation if "llava" in model_name.lower(): if 'llama-2' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "llava_llama_2" elif "mistral" in model_name.lower() or "mixtral" in model_name.lower(): if 'orca' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "mistral_orca" elif 'hermes' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "chatml_direct" else: template_name = "mistral_instruct" elif 'llava-v1.6-34b' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "chatml_direct" elif "v1" in model_name.lower(): if 'mmtag' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "v1_mmtag" elif 'plain' in model_name.lower() and 'finetune' not in model_name.lower(): template_name = "v1_mmtag" else: template_name = "llava_v1" elif "mpt" in model_name.lower(): template_name = "mpt" else: if 'mmtag' in model_name.lower(): template_name = "v0_mmtag" elif 'plain' in model_name.lower() and 'finetune' not in model_name.lower(): template_name = "v0_mmtag" else: template_name = "llava_v0" elif "mpt" in model_name: template_name = "mpt_text" elif "llama-2" in model_name: template_name = "llama_2" else: template_name = "vicuna_v1" new_state = conv_templates[template_name].copy() new_state.append_message(new_state.roles[0], state.messages[-2][1]) new_state.append_message(new_state.roles[1], None) state = new_state # Query worker address controller_url = args.controller_url ret = requests.post(controller_url + "/get_worker_address", json={"model": model_name}) worker_addr = ret.json()["address"] logger.info(f"model_name: {model_name}, worker_addr: {worker_addr}") # No available worker if worker_addr == "": state.messages[-1][-1] = server_error_msg yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot(), disable_btn, disable_btn, disable_btn, enable_btn, enable_btn) return # Construct prompt prompt = state.get_prompt() all_images = state.get_images(return_pil=True) all_image_hash = [hashlib.md5(image.tobytes()).hexdigest() for image in all_images] for image, hash in zip(all_images, all_image_hash): t = datetime.datetime.now() filename = os.path.join(LOGDIR, "serve_images", f"{t.year}-{t.month:02d}-{t.day:02d}", f"{hash}.jpg") if not os.path.isfile(filename): os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True) image.save(filename) # Make requests pload = { "model": model_name, "prompt": prompt, "temperature": float(temperature), "top_p": float(top_p), "max_new_tokens": min(int(max_new_tokens), 1536), "stop": state.sep if state.sep_style in [SeparatorStyle.SINGLE, SeparatorStyle.MPT] else state.sep2, "images": f'List of {len(state.get_images())} images: {all_image_hash}', } logger.info(f"==== request ====\n{pload}") pload['images'] = state.get_images() state.messages[-1][-1] = "▌" yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (disable_btn,) * 5 try: # Stream output response = requests.post(worker_addr + "/worker_generate_stream", headers=headers, json=pload, stream=True, timeout=10) for chunk in response.iter_lines(decode_unicode=False, delimiter=b"\0"): if chunk: data = json.loads(chunk.decode()) if data["error_code"] == 0: output = data["text"][len(prompt):].strip() state.messages[-1][-1] = output + "▌" yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (disable_btn,) * 5 else: output = data["text"] + f" (error_code: {data['error_code']})" state.messages[-1][-1] = output yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (disable_btn, disable_btn, disable_btn, enable_btn, enable_btn) return time.sleep(0.03) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: state.messages[-1][-1] = server_error_msg yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (disable_btn, disable_btn, disable_btn, enable_btn, enable_btn) return state.messages[-1][-1] = state.messages[-1][-1][:-1] yield (state, state.to_gradio_chatbot()) + (enable_btn,) * 5 finish_tstamp = time.time() logger.info(f"{output}") with open(get_conv_log_filename(), "a") as fout: data = { "tstamp": round(finish_tstamp, 4), "type": "chat", "model": model_name, "start": round(start_tstamp, 4), "finish": round(finish_tstamp, 4), "state": state.dict(), "images": all_image_hash, "ip": request.client.host, } fout.write(json.dumps(data) + "\n") title_markdown = (""" # 🌋 LLaVA: Large Language and Vision Assistant [[Project Page](https://llava-vl.github.io)] [[Code](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA)] [[Model](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/main/docs/MODEL_ZOO.md)] | 📚 [[LLaVA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08485)] [[LLaVA-v1.5](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03744)] [[LLaVA-v1.6](https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-01-30-llava-1-6/)] """) tos_markdown = (""" ### Terms of use By using this service, users are required to agree to the following terms: The service is a research preview intended for non-commercial use only. It only provides limited safety measures and may generate offensive content. It must not be used for any illegal, harmful, violent, racist, or sexual purposes. The service may collect user dialogue data for future research. Please click the "Flag" button if you get any inappropriate answer! We will collect those to keep improving our moderator. For an optimal experience, please use desktop computers for this demo, as mobile devices may compromise its quality. """) learn_more_markdown = (""" ### License The service is a research preview intended for non-commercial use only, subject to the model [License](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.md) of LLaMA, [Terms of Use](https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use) of the data generated by OpenAI, and [Privacy Practices](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/sharegpt-share-your-chatg/daiacboceoaocpibfodeljbdfacokfjb) of ShareGPT. Please contact us if you find any potential violation. """) block_css = """ #buttons button { min-width: min(120px,100%); } """ def build_demo(embed_mode, cur_dir=None, concurrency_count=10): textbox = gr.Textbox(show_label=False, placeholder="Enter text and press ENTER", container=False) with gr.Blocks(title="LLaVA", theme=gr.themes.Default(), css=block_css) as demo: state = gr.State() if not embed_mode: gr.Markdown(title_markdown) with gr.Row(): with gr.Column(scale=3): with gr.Row(elem_id="model_selector_row"): model_selector = gr.Dropdown( choices=models, value=models[0] if len(models) > 0 else "", interactive=True, show_label=False, container=False) imagebox = gr.Image(type="pil") image_process_mode = gr.Radio( ["Crop", "Resize", "Pad", "Default"], value="Default", label="Preprocess for non-square image", visible=False) if cur_dir is None: cur_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) gr.Examples(examples=[ [f"{cur_dir}/examples/extreme_ironing.jpg", "What is unusual about this image?"], [f"{cur_dir}/examples/waterview.jpg", "What are the things I should be cautious about when I visit here?"], ], inputs=[imagebox, textbox]) with gr.Accordion("Parameters", open=False) as parameter_row: temperature = gr.Slider(minimum=0.0, maximum=1.0, value=0.2, step=0.1, interactive=True, label="Temperature",) top_p = gr.Slider(minimum=0.0, maximum=1.0, value=0.7, step=0.1, interactive=True, label="Top P",) max_output_tokens = gr.Slider(minimum=0, maximum=1024, value=512, step=64, interactive=True, label="Max output tokens",) with gr.Column(scale=8): chatbot = gr.Chatbot( elem_id="chatbot", label="LLaVA Chatbot", height=650, layout="panel", ) with gr.Row(): with gr.Column(scale=8): textbox.render() with gr.Column(scale=1, min_width=50): submit_btn = gr.Button(value="Send", variant="primary") with gr.Row(elem_id="buttons") as button_row: upvote_btn = gr.Button(value="👍 Upvote", interactive=False) downvote_btn = gr.Button(value="👎 Downvote", interactive=False) flag_btn = gr.Button(value="⚠️ Flag", interactive=False) #stop_btn = gr.Button(value="⏹️ Stop Generation", interactive=False) regenerate_btn = gr.Button(value="🔄 Regenerate", interactive=False) clear_btn = gr.Button(value="🗑️ Clear", interactive=False) if not embed_mode: gr.Markdown(tos_markdown) gr.Markdown(learn_more_markdown) url_params = gr.JSON(visible=False) # Register listeners btn_list = [upvote_btn, downvote_btn, flag_btn, regenerate_btn, clear_btn] upvote_btn.click( upvote_last_response, [state, model_selector], [textbox, upvote_btn, downvote_btn, flag_btn] ) downvote_btn.click( downvote_last_response, [state, model_selector], [textbox, upvote_btn, downvote_btn, flag_btn] ) flag_btn.click( flag_last_response, [state, model_selector], [textbox, upvote_btn, downvote_btn, flag_btn] ) regenerate_btn.click( regenerate, [state, image_process_mode], [state, chatbot, textbox, imagebox] + btn_list ).then( http_bot, [state, model_selector, temperature, top_p, max_output_tokens], [state, chatbot] + btn_list, concurrency_limit=concurrency_count ) clear_btn.click( clear_history, None, [state, chatbot, textbox, imagebox] + btn_list, queue=False ) textbox.submit( add_text, [state, textbox, imagebox, image_process_mode], [state, chatbot, textbox, imagebox] + btn_list, queue=False ).then( http_bot, [state, model_selector, temperature, top_p, max_output_tokens], [state, chatbot] + btn_list, concurrency_limit=concurrency_count ) submit_btn.click( add_text, [state, textbox, imagebox, image_process_mode], [state, chatbot, textbox, imagebox] + btn_list ).then( http_bot, [state, model_selector, temperature, top_p, max_output_tokens], [state, chatbot] + btn_list, concurrency_limit=concurrency_count ) if args.model_list_mode == "once": demo.load( load_demo, [url_params], [state, model_selector], js=get_window_url_params ) elif args.model_list_mode == "reload": demo.load( load_demo_refresh_model_list, None, [state, model_selector], queue=False ) else: raise ValueError(f"Unknown model list mode: {args.model_list_mode}") return demo if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="0.0.0.0") parser.add_argument("--port", type=int) parser.add_argument("--controller-url", type=str, default="http://localhost:21001") parser.add_argument("--concurrency-count", type=int, default=16) parser.add_argument("--model-list-mode", type=str, default="once", choices=["once", "reload"]) parser.add_argument("--share", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--moderate", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--embed", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() logger.info(f"args: {args}") models = get_model_list() logger.info(args) demo = build_demo(args.embed, concurrency_count=args.concurrency_count) demo.queue( api_open=False ).launch( server_name=args.host, server_port=args.port, share=args.share ) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/model_worker.py ================================================ """ A model worker executes the model. """ import argparse import asyncio import json import time import threading import uuid from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, BackgroundTasks from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse import requests import torch import uvicorn from functools import partial from llava.constants import WORKER_HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL from llava.utils import (build_logger, server_error_msg, pretty_print_semaphore) from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.mm_utils import process_images, load_image_from_base64, tokenizer_image_token from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from transformers import TextIteratorStreamer from threading import Thread GB = 1 << 30 worker_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[:6] logger = build_logger("model_worker", f"model_worker_{worker_id}.log") global_counter = 0 model_semaphore = None def heart_beat_worker(controller): while True: time.sleep(WORKER_HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL) controller.send_heart_beat() class ModelWorker: def __init__(self, controller_addr, worker_addr, worker_id, no_register, model_path, model_base, model_name, load_8bit, load_4bit, device, use_flash_attn=False): self.controller_addr = controller_addr self.worker_addr = worker_addr self.worker_id = worker_id if model_path.endswith("/"): model_path = model_path[:-1] if model_name is None: model_paths = model_path.split("/") if model_paths[-1].startswith('checkpoint-'): self.model_name = model_paths[-2] + "_" + model_paths[-1] else: self.model_name = model_paths[-1] else: self.model_name = model_name self.device = device logger.info(f"Loading the model {self.model_name} on worker {worker_id} ...") self.tokenizer, self.model, self.image_processor, self.context_len = load_pretrained_model( model_path, model_base, self.model_name, load_8bit, load_4bit, device=self.device, use_flash_attn=use_flash_attn) self.is_multimodal = 'llava' in self.model_name.lower() if not no_register: self.register_to_controller() self.heart_beat_thread = threading.Thread( target=heart_beat_worker, args=(self,), daemon=True) self.heart_beat_thread.start() def register_to_controller(self): logger.info("Register to controller") url = self.controller_addr + "/register_worker" data = { "worker_name": self.worker_addr, "check_heart_beat": True, "worker_status": self.get_status() } r = requests.post(url, json=data) assert r.status_code == 200 def send_heart_beat(self): logger.info(f"Send heart beat. Models: {[self.model_name]}. " f"Semaphore: {pretty_print_semaphore(model_semaphore)}. " f"global_counter: {global_counter}") url = self.controller_addr + "/receive_heart_beat" while True: try: ret = requests.post(url, json={ "worker_name": self.worker_addr, "queue_length": self.get_queue_length()}, timeout=5) exist = ret.json()["exist"] break except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: logger.error(f"heart beat error: {e}") time.sleep(5) if not exist: self.register_to_controller() def get_queue_length(self): if model_semaphore is None: return 0 else: return args.limit_model_concurrency - model_semaphore._value + (len( model_semaphore._waiters) if model_semaphore._waiters is not None else 0) def get_status(self): return { "model_names": [self.model_name], "speed": 1, "queue_length": self.get_queue_length(), } @torch.inference_mode() def generate_stream(self, params): tokenizer, model, image_processor = self.tokenizer, self.model, self.image_processor prompt = params["prompt"] ori_prompt = prompt images = params.get("images", None) num_image_tokens = 0 if images is not None and len(images) > 0 and self.is_multimodal: if len(images) > 0: if len(images) != prompt.count(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN): raise ValueError("Number of images does not match number of tokens in prompt") images = [load_image_from_base64(image) for image in images] image_sizes = [image.size for image in images] images = process_images(images, image_processor, model.config) if type(images) is list: images = [image.to(self.model.device, dtype=torch.float16) for image in images] else: images = images.to(self.model.device, dtype=torch.float16) replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN if getattr(self.model.config, 'mm_use_im_start_end', False): replace_token = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN prompt = prompt.replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token) num_image_tokens = prompt.count(replace_token) * model.get_vision_tower().num_patches else: images = None image_sizes = None image_args = {"images": images, "image_sizes": image_sizes} else: images = None image_args = {} temperature = float(params.get("temperature", 1.0)) top_p = float(params.get("top_p", 1.0)) max_context_length = getattr(model.config, 'max_position_embeddings', 2048) max_new_tokens = min(int(params.get("max_new_tokens", 256)), 1024) stop_str = params.get("stop", None) do_sample = True if temperature > 0.001 else False input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).to(self.device) keywords = [stop_str] # stopping_criteria = KeywordsStoppingCriteria(keywords, tokenizer, input_ids) streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True, timeout=15) max_new_tokens = min(max_new_tokens, max_context_length - input_ids.shape[-1] - num_image_tokens) if max_new_tokens < 1: yield json.dumps({"text": ori_prompt + "Exceeds max token length. Please start a new conversation, thanks.", "error_code": 0}).encode() + b"\0" return thread = Thread(target=model.generate, kwargs=dict( inputs=input_ids, do_sample=do_sample, temperature=temperature, top_p=top_p, max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, streamer=streamer, use_cache=True, **image_args )) thread.start() generated_text = ori_prompt for new_text in streamer: generated_text += new_text if generated_text.endswith(stop_str): generated_text = generated_text[:-len(stop_str)] yield json.dumps({"text": generated_text, "error_code": 0}).encode() + b"\0" def generate_stream_gate(self, params): try: for x in self.generate_stream(params): yield x except ValueError as e: print("Caught ValueError:", e) ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 1, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" except torch.cuda.CudaError as e: print("Caught torch.cuda.CudaError:", e) ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 1, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" except Exception as e: print("Caught Unknown Error", e) ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 1, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" app = FastAPI() def release_model_semaphore(fn=None): model_semaphore.release() if fn is not None: fn() @app.post("/worker_generate_stream") async def generate_stream(request: Request): global model_semaphore, global_counter global_counter += 1 params = await request.json() if model_semaphore is None: model_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(args.limit_model_concurrency) await model_semaphore.acquire() worker.send_heart_beat() generator = worker.generate_stream_gate(params) background_tasks = BackgroundTasks() background_tasks.add_task(partial(release_model_semaphore, fn=worker.send_heart_beat)) return StreamingResponse(generator, background=background_tasks) @app.post("/worker_get_status") async def get_status(request: Request): return worker.get_status() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="localhost") parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=21002) parser.add_argument("--worker-address", type=str, default="http://localhost:21002") parser.add_argument("--controller-address", type=str, default="http://localhost:21001") parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default=None) parser.add_argument("--model-name", type=str) parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default="cuda") parser.add_argument("--multi-modal", action="store_true", help="Multimodal mode is automatically detected with model name, please make sure `llava` is included in the model path.") parser.add_argument("--limit-model-concurrency", type=int, default=5) parser.add_argument("--stream-interval", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--no-register", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--load-8bit", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--load-4bit", action="store_true") parser.add_argument("--use-flash-attn", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() logger.info(f"args: {args}") if args.multi_modal: logger.warning("Multimodal mode is automatically detected with model name, please make sure `llava` is included in the model path.") worker = ModelWorker(args.controller_address, args.worker_address, worker_id, args.no_register, args.model_path, args.model_base, args.model_name, args.load_8bit, args.load_4bit, args.device, use_flash_attn=args.use_flash_attn) uvicorn.run(app, host=args.host, port=args.port, log_level="info") ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/register_worker.py ================================================ """ Manually register workers. Usage: python3 -m fastchat.serve.register_worker --controller http://localhost:21001 --worker-name http://localhost:21002 """ import argparse import requests if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--controller-address", type=str) parser.add_argument("--worker-name", type=str) parser.add_argument("--check-heart-beat", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() url = args.controller_address + "/register_worker" data = { "worker_name": args.worker_name, "check_heart_beat": args.check_heart_beat, "worker_status": None, } r = requests.post(url, json=data) assert r.status_code == 200 ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/sglang_worker.py ================================================ """ A model worker executes the model. """ import argparse import asyncio from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor import json import time import threading import uuid from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, BackgroundTasks from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse import requests import re import uvicorn from functools import partial from llava.constants import WORKER_HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL from llava.utils import (build_logger, server_error_msg, pretty_print_semaphore) from llava.mm_utils import process_images, load_image_from_base64, tokenizer_image_token, expand2square from llava.constants import DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN import sglang as sgl from sglang.backend.runtime_endpoint import RuntimeEndpoint GB = 1 << 30 worker_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[:6] logger = build_logger("model_worker", f"model_worker_{worker_id}.log") global_counter = 0 model_semaphore = None def heart_beat_worker(controller): while True: time.sleep(WORKER_HEART_BEAT_INTERVAL) controller.send_heart_beat() @sgl.function def pipeline(s, prompt, max_tokens): for p in prompt: if type(p) is str: s += p else: s += sgl.image(p) s += sgl.gen("response", max_tokens=max_tokens) class ModelWorker: def __init__(self, controller_addr, worker_addr, sgl_endpoint, worker_id, no_register, model_name): self.controller_addr = controller_addr self.worker_addr = worker_addr self.worker_id = worker_id # Select backend backend = RuntimeEndpoint(sgl_endpoint) sgl.set_default_backend(backend) model_path = backend.model_info["model_path"] if model_path.endswith("/"): model_path = model_path[:-1] if model_name is None: model_paths = model_path.split("/") if model_paths[-1].startswith('checkpoint-'): self.model_name = model_paths[-2] + "_" + model_paths[-1] else: self.model_name = model_paths[-1] else: self.model_name = model_name logger.info(f"Loading the SGLANG model {self.model_name} on worker {worker_id} ...") if not no_register: self.register_to_controller() self.heart_beat_thread = threading.Thread( target=heart_beat_worker, args=(self,), daemon=True) self.heart_beat_thread.start() def register_to_controller(self): logger.info("Register to controller") url = self.controller_addr + "/register_worker" data = { "worker_name": self.worker_addr, "check_heart_beat": True, "worker_status": self.get_status() } r = requests.post(url, json=data) assert r.status_code == 200 def send_heart_beat(self): logger.info(f"Send heart beat. Models: {[self.model_name]}. " f"Semaphore: {pretty_print_semaphore(model_semaphore)}. " f"global_counter: {global_counter}") url = self.controller_addr + "/receive_heart_beat" while True: try: ret = requests.post(url, json={ "worker_name": self.worker_addr, "queue_length": self.get_queue_length()}, timeout=5) exist = ret.json()["exist"] break except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: logger.error(f"heart beat error: {e}") time.sleep(5) if not exist: self.register_to_controller() def get_queue_length(self): if model_semaphore is None: return 0 else: return args.limit_model_concurrency - model_semaphore._value + (len( model_semaphore._waiters) if model_semaphore._waiters is not None else 0) def get_status(self): return { "model_names": [self.model_name], "speed": 1, "queue_length": self.get_queue_length(), } async def generate_stream(self, params): ori_prompt = prompt = params["prompt"] images = params.get("images", None) if images is not None and len(images) > 0: if len(images) > 0: if len(images) != prompt.count(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN): raise ValueError("Number of images does not match number of tokens in prompt") images = [load_image_from_base64(image) for image in images] # FIXME: for image-start/end token # replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN # if getattr(self.model.config, 'mm_use_im_start_end', False): # replace_token = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN # prompt = prompt.replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token) prompt = prompt.replace(' ' + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n', DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN) prompt_split = prompt.split(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN) prompt = [] for i in range(len(prompt_split)): prompt.append(prompt_split[i]) if i < len(images): prompt.append(images[i]) else: prompt = [prompt] temperature = float(params.get("temperature", 1.0)) top_p = float(params.get("top_p", 1.0)) # max_context_length = getattr(model.config, 'max_position_embeddings', 2048) max_new_tokens = min(int(params.get("max_new_tokens", 256)), 1024) stop_str = params.get("stop", None) stop_str = [stop_str] if stop_str is not None else None print({'prompt': prompt, 'max_new_tokens': max_new_tokens, 'temperature': temperature, 'top_p': top_p}) state = pipeline.run(prompt, max_new_tokens, temperature=temperature, top_p=top_p, stream=True) generated_text = ori_prompt async for text_outputs in state.text_async_iter(var_name="response"): generated_text += text_outputs yield json.dumps({"text": generated_text, "error_code": 0}).encode() + b"\0" async def generate_stream_gate(self, params): try: async for x in self.generate_stream(params): yield x except ValueError as e: print("Caught ValueError:", e) ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 1, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" except Exception as e: print("Caught Unknown Error", e) ret = { "text": server_error_msg, "error_code": 1, } yield json.dumps(ret).encode() + b"\0" app = FastAPI() def release_model_semaphore(fn=None): model_semaphore.release() if fn is not None: fn() @app.post("/worker_generate_stream") async def generate_stream(request: Request): global model_semaphore, global_counter global_counter += 1 params = await request.json() if model_semaphore is None: model_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(args.limit_model_concurrency) await model_semaphore.acquire() worker.send_heart_beat() generator = worker.generate_stream_gate(params) background_tasks = BackgroundTasks() background_tasks.add_task(partial(release_model_semaphore, fn=worker.send_heart_beat)) return StreamingResponse(generator, background=background_tasks) @app.post("/worker_get_status") async def get_status(request: Request): return worker.get_status() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="localhost") parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=21002) parser.add_argument("--worker-address", type=str, default="http://localhost:21002") parser.add_argument("--controller-address", type=str, default="http://localhost:21001") parser.add_argument("--model-name", type=str) parser.add_argument("--sgl-endpoint", type=str) parser.add_argument("--limit-model-concurrency", type=int, default=5) parser.add_argument("--stream-interval", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--no-register", action="store_true") args = parser.parse_args() logger.info(f"args: {args}") worker = ModelWorker(args.controller_address, args.worker_address, args.sgl_endpoint, worker_id, args.no_register, args.model_name) uvicorn.run(app, host=args.host, port=args.port, log_level="info") ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/serve/test_message.py ================================================ import argparse import json import requests from llava.conversation import default_conversation def main(): if args.worker_address: worker_addr = args.worker_address else: controller_addr = args.controller_address ret = requests.post(controller_addr + "/refresh_all_workers") ret = requests.post(controller_addr + "/list_models") models = ret.json()["models"] models.sort() print(f"Models: {models}") ret = requests.post(controller_addr + "/get_worker_address", json={"model": args.model_name}) worker_addr = ret.json()["address"] print(f"worker_addr: {worker_addr}") if worker_addr == "": return conv = default_conversation.copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], args.message) prompt = conv.get_prompt() headers = {"User-Agent": "LLaVA Client"} pload = { "model": args.model_name, "prompt": prompt, "max_new_tokens": args.max_new_tokens, "temperature": 0.7, "stop": conv.sep, } response = requests.post(worker_addr + "/worker_generate_stream", headers=headers, json=pload, stream=True) print(prompt.replace(conv.sep, "\n"), end="") for chunk in response.iter_lines(chunk_size=8192, decode_unicode=False, delimiter=b"\0"): if chunk: data = json.loads(chunk.decode("utf-8")) output = data["text"].split(conv.sep)[-1] print(output, end="\r") print("") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--controller-address", type=str, default="http://localhost:21001") parser.add_argument("--worker-address", type=str) parser.add_argument("--model-name", type=str, default="facebook/opt-350m") parser.add_argument("--max-new-tokens", type=int, default=32) parser.add_argument("--message", type=str, default= "Tell me a story with more than 1000 words.") args = parser.parse_args() main() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/llama_flash_attn_monkey_patch.py ================================================ from typing import Optional, Tuple import warnings import torch import transformers from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama import apply_rotary_pos_emb, repeat_kv try: from flash_attn.flash_attn_interface import flash_attn_unpadded_qkvpacked_func except ImportError: from flash_attn.flash_attn_interface import flash_attn_varlen_qkvpacked_func as flash_attn_unpadded_qkvpacked_func from flash_attn.bert_padding import unpad_input, pad_input def forward( self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, position_ids: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None, output_attentions: bool = False, use_cache: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]: if output_attentions: warnings.warn( "Output attentions is not supported for patched `LlamaAttention`, returning `None` instead." ) bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size() query_states = ( self.q_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) key_states = ( self.k_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) value_states = ( self.v_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) # shape: (b, num_heads, s, head_dim) kv_seq_len = key_states.shape[-2] if past_key_value is not None: kv_seq_len += past_key_value[0].shape[-2] cos, sin = self.rotary_emb(value_states, seq_len=kv_seq_len) query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb( query_states, key_states, cos, sin, position_ids ) if past_key_value is not None: # reuse k, v key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2) value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2) past_key_value = (key_states, value_states) if use_cache else None # repeat k/v heads if n_kv_heads < n_heads key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups) value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups) # Transform the data into the format required by flash attention qkv = torch.stack([query_states, key_states, value_states], dim=2) qkv = qkv.transpose(1, 3) # shape: [b, s, 3, num_heads, head_dim] key_padding_mask = attention_mask if key_padding_mask is None: qkv = qkv.reshape(-1, 3, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) cu_q_lens = torch.arange( 0, (bsz + 1) * q_len, step=q_len, dtype=torch.int32, device=qkv.device ) max_s = q_len output = flash_attn_unpadded_qkvpacked_func( qkv, cu_q_lens, max_s, 0.0, softmax_scale=None, causal=True ) output = output.view(bsz, q_len, -1) else: qkv = qkv.reshape(bsz, q_len, -1) qkv, indices, cu_q_lens, max_s = unpad_input(qkv, key_padding_mask) qkv = qkv.view(-1, 3, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) output_unpad = flash_attn_unpadded_qkvpacked_func( qkv, cu_q_lens, max_s, 0.0, softmax_scale=None, causal=True ) output_unpad = output_unpad.reshape(-1, self.num_heads * self.head_dim) output = pad_input(output_unpad, indices, bsz, q_len) return self.o_proj(output), None, past_key_value # Disable the transformation of the attention mask in LlamaModel as the flash attention # requires the attention mask to be the same as the key_padding_mask def _prepare_decoder_attention_mask( self, attention_mask, input_shape, inputs_embeds, past_key_values_length ): # [bsz, seq_len] return attention_mask def replace_llama_attn_with_flash_attn(): cuda_major, cuda_minor = torch.cuda.get_device_capability() if cuda_major < 8: warnings.warn( "Flash attention is only supported on A100 or H100 GPU during training due to head dim > 64 backward." "ref: https://github.com/HazyResearch/flash-attention/issues/190#issuecomment-1523359593" ) transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._prepare_decoder_attention_mask = ( _prepare_decoder_attention_mask ) transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaAttention.forward = forward ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/llama_xformers_attn_monkey_patch.py ================================================ """ Directly copied the code from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui/main/modules/llama_attn_hijack.py and made some adjustments """ import logging import math from typing import Optional, Tuple import torch import transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama from torch import nn try: import xformers.ops except ImportError: logging.error("xformers not found! Please install it before trying to use it.") def replace_llama_attn_with_xformers_attn(): transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaAttention.forward = xformers_forward def xformers_forward( self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None, past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None, output_attentions: bool = False, use_cache: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]: # pylint: disable=duplicate-code bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size() query_states = ( self.q_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) key_states = ( self.k_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) value_states = ( self.v_proj(hidden_states) .view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim) .transpose(1, 2) ) kv_seq_len = key_states.shape[-2] if past_key_value is not None: kv_seq_len += past_key_value[0].shape[-2] cos, sin = self.rotary_emb(value_states, seq_len=kv_seq_len) ( query_states, key_states, ) = transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.apply_rotary_pos_emb( query_states, key_states, cos, sin, position_ids ) # [bsz, nh, t, hd] if past_key_value is not None: # reuse k, v, self_attention key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2) value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2) past_key_value = (key_states, value_states) if use_cache else None # We only apply xformers optimizations if we don't need to output the whole attention matrix if not output_attentions: query_states = query_states.transpose(1, 2) key_states = key_states.transpose(1, 2) value_states = value_states.transpose(1, 2) # This is a nasty hack. We know attention_mask in transformers is either LowerTriangular or all Zeros. # We therefore check if one element in the upper triangular portion is zero. If it is, then the mask is all zeros. if attention_mask is None or attention_mask[0, 0, 0, 1] == 0: # input and output should be of form (bsz, q_len, num_heads, head_dim) attn_output = xformers.ops.memory_efficient_attention( query_states, key_states, value_states, attn_bias=None ) else: # input and output should be of form (bsz, q_len, num_heads, head_dim) attn_output = xformers.ops.memory_efficient_attention( query_states, key_states, value_states, attn_bias=xformers.ops.LowerTriangularMask(), ) attn_weights = None else: attn_weights = torch.matmul( query_states, key_states.transpose(2, 3) ) / math.sqrt(self.head_dim) if attn_weights.size() != (bsz, self.num_heads, q_len, kv_seq_len): raise ValueError( f"Attention weights should be of size {(bsz * self.num_heads, q_len, kv_seq_len)}, but is" f" {attn_weights.size()}" ) if attention_mask is not None: if attention_mask.size() != (bsz, 1, q_len, kv_seq_len): raise ValueError( f"Attention mask should be of size {(bsz, 1, q_len, kv_seq_len)}, but is {attention_mask.size()}" ) attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask attn_weights = torch.max( attn_weights, torch.tensor(torch.finfo(attn_weights.dtype).min) ) # upcast attention to fp32 attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax( attn_weights, dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32 ).to(query_states.dtype) attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states) if attn_output.size() != (bsz, self.num_heads, q_len, self.head_dim): raise ValueError( f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz, self.num_heads, q_len, self.head_dim)}, but is" f" {attn_output.size()}" ) attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2) attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size) attn_output = self.o_proj(attn_output) return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/llava_trainer.py ================================================ import os import torch from torch.utils.data import Sampler from transformers import Trainer from transformers.trainer import ( is_sagemaker_mp_enabled, get_parameter_names, has_length, ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS, ShardedDDPOption, logger, ) from typing import List, Optional # from trl import DPOTrainer def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: print(name, 'no ignore status') with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match)} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True, name=k).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def split_to_even_chunks(indices, lengths, num_chunks): """ Split a list of indices into `chunks` chunks of roughly equal lengths. """ if len(indices) % num_chunks != 0: return [indices[i::num_chunks] for i in range(num_chunks)] num_indices_per_chunk = len(indices) // num_chunks chunks = [[] for _ in range(num_chunks)] chunks_lengths = [0 for _ in range(num_chunks)] for index in indices: shortest_chunk = chunks_lengths.index(min(chunks_lengths)) chunks[shortest_chunk].append(index) chunks_lengths[shortest_chunk] += lengths[index] if len(chunks[shortest_chunk]) == num_indices_per_chunk: chunks_lengths[shortest_chunk] = float("inf") return chunks def get_modality_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None): # We need to use torch for the random part as a distributed sampler will set the random seed for torch. assert all(l != 0 for l in lengths), "Should not have zero length." if all(l > 0 for l in lengths) or all(l < 0 for l in lengths): # all samples are in the same modality return get_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=generator) mm_indices, mm_lengths = zip(*[(i, l) for i, l in enumerate(lengths) if l > 0]) lang_indices, lang_lengths = zip(*[(i, -l) for i, l in enumerate(lengths) if l < 0]) mm_shuffle = [mm_indices[i] for i in get_length_grouped_indices(mm_lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None)] lang_shuffle = [lang_indices[i] for i in get_length_grouped_indices(lang_lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None)] megabatch_size = world_size * batch_size mm_megabatches = [mm_shuffle[i : i + megabatch_size] for i in range(0, len(mm_shuffle), megabatch_size)] lang_megabatches = [lang_shuffle[i : i + megabatch_size] for i in range(0, len(lang_shuffle), megabatch_size)] last_mm = mm_megabatches[-1] last_lang = lang_megabatches[-1] additional_batch = last_mm + last_lang megabatches = mm_megabatches[:-1] + lang_megabatches[:-1] megabatch_indices = torch.randperm(len(megabatches), generator=generator) megabatches = [megabatches[i] for i in megabatch_indices] if len(additional_batch) > 0: megabatches.append(sorted(additional_batch)) return [i for megabatch in megabatches for i in megabatch] def get_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None, merge=True): # We need to use torch for the random part as a distributed sampler will set the random seed for torch. indices = torch.randperm(len(lengths), generator=generator) megabatch_size = world_size * batch_size megabatches = [indices[i : i + megabatch_size].tolist() for i in range(0, len(lengths), megabatch_size)] megabatches = [sorted(megabatch, key=lambda i: lengths[i], reverse=True) for megabatch in megabatches] megabatches = [split_to_even_chunks(megabatch, lengths, world_size) for megabatch in megabatches] return [i for megabatch in megabatches for batch in megabatch for i in batch] class LengthGroupedSampler(Sampler): r""" Sampler that samples indices in a way that groups together features of the dataset of roughly the same length while keeping a bit of randomness. """ def __init__( self, batch_size: int, world_size: int, lengths: Optional[List[int]] = None, generator=None, group_by_modality: bool = False, ): if lengths is None: raise ValueError("Lengths must be provided.") self.batch_size = batch_size self.world_size = world_size self.lengths = lengths self.generator = generator self.group_by_modality = group_by_modality def __len__(self): return len(self.lengths) def __iter__(self): if self.group_by_modality: indices = get_modality_length_grouped_indices(self.lengths, self.batch_size, self.world_size, generator=self.generator) else: indices = get_length_grouped_indices(self.lengths, self.batch_size, self.world_size, generator=self.generator) return iter(indices) from tool.dpo_trainer import DPOTrainer class LLaVATrainer(DPOTrainer): def _get_train_sampler(self) -> Optional[torch.utils.data.Sampler]: if self.train_dataset is None or not has_length(self.train_dataset): return None if self.args.group_by_modality_length: lengths = self.train_dataset.modality_lengths return LengthGroupedSampler( self.args.train_batch_size, world_size=self.args.world_size * self.args.gradient_accumulation_steps, lengths=lengths, group_by_modality=True, ) else: return super()._get_train_sampler() def create_optimizer(self): """ Setup the optimizer. We provide a reasonable default that works well. If you want to use something else, you can pass a tuple in the Trainer's init through `optimizers`, or subclass and override this method in a subclass. """ if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled(): return super().create_optimizer() if self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.SIMPLE: return super().create_optimizer() opt_model = self.model if self.optimizer is None: decay_parameters = get_parameter_names(opt_model, ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS) decay_parameters = [name for name in decay_parameters if "bias" not in name] if self.args.mm_projector_lr is not None: projector_parameters = [name for name, _ in opt_model.named_parameters() if "mm_projector" in name] optimizer_grouped_parameters = [ { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and n not in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and n not in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and n in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, "lr": self.args.mm_projector_lr, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and n in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, "lr": self.args.mm_projector_lr, }, ] else: optimizer_grouped_parameters = [ { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, }, ] optimizer_cls, optimizer_kwargs = DPOTrainer.get_optimizer_cls_and_kwargs(self.args) if self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.SIMPLE: self.optimizer = OSS( params=optimizer_grouped_parameters, optim=optimizer_cls, **optimizer_kwargs, ) else: self.optimizer = optimizer_cls(optimizer_grouped_parameters, **optimizer_kwargs) if optimizer_cls.__name__ == "Adam8bit": import bitsandbytes manager = bitsandbytes.optim.GlobalOptimManager.get_instance() skipped = 0 for module in opt_model.modules(): if isinstance(module, nn.Embedding): skipped += sum({p.data_ptr(): p.numel() for p in module.parameters()}.values()) logger.info(f"skipped {module}: {skipped/2**20}M params") manager.register_module_override(module, "weight", {"optim_bits": 32}) logger.debug(f"bitsandbytes: will optimize {module} in fp32") logger.info(f"skipped: {skipped/2**20}M params") return self.optimizer def _save_checkpoint(self, model, trial, metrics=None): if getattr(self.args, 'tune_mm_mlp_adapter', False): from transformers.trainer_utils import PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR checkpoint_folder = f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{self.state.global_step}" run_dir = self._get_output_dir(trial=trial) output_dir = os.path.join(run_dir, checkpoint_folder) # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ['mm_projector', 'vision_resampler'] if getattr(self.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(['embed_tokens', 'embed_in']) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(self.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match) if self.args.local_rank == 0 or self.args.local_rank == -1: self.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f'mm_projector.bin')) else: super(LLaVATrainer, self)._save_checkpoint(model, trial, metrics) def _save(self, output_dir: Optional[str] = None, state_dict=None): if getattr(self.args, 'tune_mm_mlp_adapter', False): pass else: super(LLaVATrainer, self)._save(output_dir, state_dict) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/train.py ================================================ # Adopted from https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat. Below is the original copyright: # Adopted from tatsu-lab@stanford_alpaca. Below is the original copyright: # Copyright 2023 Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import copy from dataclasses import dataclass, field import json import logging import pathlib from typing import Dict, Optional, Sequence, List import torch import transformers import tokenizers from llava.constants import IGNORE_INDEX, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from torch.utils.data import Dataset from llava.train.llava_trainer import LLaVATrainer from llava import conversation as conversation_lib from llava.model import * from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token from PIL import Image local_rank = None def rank0_print(*args): if local_rank == 0: print(*args) from packaging import version IS_TOKENIZER_GREATER_THAN_0_14 = version.parse(tokenizers.__version__) >= version.parse('0.14') @dataclass class ModelArguments: model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(default="facebook/opt-125m") version: Optional[str] = field(default="v0") freeze_backbone: bool = field(default=False) tune_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) vision_tower: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_vision_select_layer: Optional[int] = field(default=-1) # default to the last layer pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_projector_type: Optional[str] = field(default='linear') mm_use_im_start_end: bool = field(default=False) mm_use_im_patch_token: bool = field(default=True) mm_patch_merge_type: Optional[str] = field(default='flat') mm_vision_select_feature: Optional[str] = field(default="patch") @dataclass class DataArguments: data_path: str = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "Path to the training data."}) lazy_preprocess: bool = False is_multimodal: bool = False image_folder: Optional[str] = field(default=None) image_aspect_ratio: str = 'square' @dataclass class TrainingArguments(transformers.TrainingArguments): cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None) optim: str = field(default="adamw_torch") remove_unused_columns: bool = field(default=False) freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) mpt_attn_impl: Optional[str] = field(default="triton") model_max_length: int = field( default=512, metadata={ "help": "Maximum sequence length. Sequences will be right padded (and possibly truncated)." }, ) double_quant: bool = field( default=True, metadata={"help": "Compress the quantization statistics through double quantization."} ) quant_type: str = field( default="nf4", metadata={"help": "Quantization data type to use. Should be one of `fp4` or `nf4`."} ) bits: int = field( default=16, metadata={"help": "How many bits to use."} ) lora_enable: bool = False lora_r: int = 64 lora_alpha: int = 16 lora_dropout: float = 0.05 lora_weight_path: str = "" lora_bias: str = "none" mm_projector_lr: Optional[float] = None group_by_modality_length: bool = field(default=False) def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: logging.warning(f"{name}: param.ds_status != ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: {param.ds_status}") with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param # Borrowed from peft.utils.get_peft_model_state_dict def get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, bias): if bias == "none": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k} elif bias == "all": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k or "bias" in k} elif bias == "lora_only": to_return = {} maybe_lora_bias = {} lora_bias_names = set() for k, t in named_params: if "lora_" in k: to_return[k] = t bias_name = k.split("lora_")[0] + "bias" lora_bias_names.add(bias_name) elif "bias" in k: maybe_lora_bias[k] = t for k, t in maybe_lora_bias: if bias_name in lora_bias_names: to_return[bias_name] = t else: raise NotImplementedError to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True) for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3(named_params, require_grad_only=True): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" not in k} if require_grad_only: to_return = {k: t for k, t in to_return.items() if t.requires_grad} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match)} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def find_all_linear_names(model): cls = torch.nn.Linear lora_module_names = set() multimodal_keywords = ['mm_projector', 'vision_tower', 'vision_resampler'] for name, module in model.named_modules(): if any(mm_keyword in name for mm_keyword in multimodal_keywords): continue if isinstance(module, cls): names = name.split('.') lora_module_names.add(names[0] if len(names) == 1 else names[-1]) if 'lm_head' in lora_module_names: # needed for 16-bit lora_module_names.remove('lm_head') return list(lora_module_names) def safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer: transformers.Trainer, output_dir: str): """Collects the state dict and dump to disk.""" if getattr(trainer.args, "tune_mm_mlp_adapter", False): # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ['mm_projector'] if getattr(trainer.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(['embed_tokens', 'embed_in']) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(trainer.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match) trainer.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) current_folder = output_dir.split('/')[-1] parent_folder = os.path.dirname(output_dir) if trainer.args.local_rank == 0 or trainer.args.local_rank == -1: if current_folder.startswith('checkpoint-'): mm_projector_folder = os.path.join(parent_folder, "mm_projector") os.makedirs(mm_projector_folder, exist_ok=True) torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(mm_projector_folder, f'{current_folder}.bin')) else: torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f'mm_projector.bin')) return if trainer.deepspeed: torch.cuda.synchronize() trainer.save_model(output_dir) return state_dict = trainer.model.state_dict() if trainer.args.should_save: cpu_state_dict = { key: value.cpu() for key, value in state_dict.items() } del state_dict trainer._save(output_dir, state_dict=cpu_state_dict) # noqa def smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict: Dict, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, model: transformers.PreTrainedModel, ): """Resize tokenizer and embedding. Note: This is the unoptimized version that may make your embedding size not be divisible by 64. """ num_new_tokens = tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special_tokens_dict) model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if num_new_tokens > 0: input_embeddings = model.get_input_embeddings().weight.data output_embeddings = model.get_output_embeddings().weight.data input_embeddings_avg = input_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) output_embeddings_avg = output_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = input_embeddings_avg output_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = output_embeddings_avg def _tokenize_fn(strings: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer) -> Dict: """Tokenize a list of strings.""" tokenized_list = [ tokenizer( text, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ) for text in strings ] input_ids = labels = [ tokenized.input_ids[0] for tokenized in tokenized_list ] input_ids_lens = labels_lens = [ tokenized.input_ids.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum().item() for tokenized in tokenized_list ] return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels, input_ids_lens=input_ids_lens, labels_lens=labels_lens, ) def _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers): # cur_idx = 0 cur_idx = tokenized_lens[0] tokenized_lens = tokenized_lens[1:] target[:cur_idx] = IGNORE_INDEX for tokenized_len, speaker in zip(tokenized_lens, speakers): if speaker == "human": target[cur_idx+2:cur_idx + tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_idx += tokenized_len def _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source, get_conversation=True): """Add speaker and start/end signal on each round.""" BEGIN_SIGNAL = "### " END_SIGNAL = "\n" conversation = header for sentence in source: from_str = sentence["from"] if from_str.lower() == "human": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[0] elif from_str.lower() == "gpt": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[1] else: from_str = 'unknown' sentence["value"] = (BEGIN_SIGNAL + from_str + ": " + sentence["value"] + END_SIGNAL) if get_conversation: conversation += sentence["value"] conversation += BEGIN_SIGNAL return conversation def preprocess_multimodal( sources: Sequence[str], data_args: DataArguments ) -> Dict: is_multimodal = data_args.is_multimodal if not is_multimodal: return sources for source in sources: for sentence in source: if DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in sentence['value']: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '').strip() sentence['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + sentence['value'] sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].strip() if "mmtag" in conversation_lib.default_conversation.version: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '' + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '') replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN if data_args.mm_use_im_start_end: replace_token = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token) return sources def preprocess_llama_2( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2 # Mask targets sep = "[/INST] " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_v1( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.TWO # Mask targets sep = conv.sep + conv.roles[1] + ": " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 if i != 0 and not tokenizer.legacy and IS_TOKENIZER_GREATER_THAN_0_14: round_len -= 1 instruction_len -= 1 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_mpt( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.MPT # Mask targets sep = conv.sep + conv.roles[1] for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep) re_rounds = [conv.sep.join(rounds[:3])] # system + user + gpt for conv_idx in range(3, len(rounds), 2): re_rounds.append(conv.sep.join(rounds[conv_idx:conv_idx+2])) # user + gpt cur_len = 0 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(re_rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 1 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 1 if i != 0 and getattr(tokenizer, 'legacy', False) and IS_TOKENIZER_GREATER_THAN_0_14: round_len += 1 instruction_len += 1 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_plain( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, ) -> Dict: # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: assert len(source) == 2 assert DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in source[0]['value'] source[0]['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN conversation = source[0]['value'] + source[1]['value'] + conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): tokenized_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(source[0]['value'], tokenizer)) target[:tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX return dict(input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets) def preprocess( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: """ Given a list of sources, each is a conversation list. This transform: 1. Add signal '### ' at the beginning each sentence, with end signal '\n'; 2. Concatenate conversations together; 3. Tokenize the concatenated conversation; 4. Make a deepcopy as the target. Mask human words with IGNORE_INDEX. """ if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.PLAIN: return preprocess_plain(sources, tokenizer) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2: return preprocess_llama_2(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version.startswith("v1"): return preprocess_v1(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version == "mpt": return preprocess_mpt(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: header = f"{conversation_lib.default_conversation.system}\n\n" conversation = _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source) conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations def get_tokenize_len(prompts): return [len(tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer)) for prompt in prompts] if has_image: input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] else: conversations_tokenized = _tokenize_fn(conversations, tokenizer) input_ids = conversations_tokenized["input_ids"] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): if has_image: tokenized_lens = get_tokenize_len([header] + [s["value"] for s in source]) else: tokenized_lens = _tokenize_fn([header] + [s["value"] for s in source], tokenizer)["input_ids_lens"] speakers = [sentence["from"] for sentence in source] _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers) return dict(input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets) class LazySupervisedDataset(Dataset): """Dataset for supervised fine-tuning.""" def __init__(self, data_path: str, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args: DataArguments): super(LazySupervisedDataset, self).__init__() list_data_dict = json.load(open(data_path, "r")) rank0_print("Formatting inputs...Skip in lazy mode") self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.list_data_dict = list_data_dict self.data_args = data_args def __len__(self): return len(self.list_data_dict) @property def lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: img_tokens = 128 if 'image' in sample else 0 length_list.append(sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) + img_tokens) return length_list @property def modality_lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: cur_len = sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) cur_len = cur_len if 'image' in sample else -cur_len length_list.append(cur_len) return length_list def __getitem__(self, i) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if 'image' in sources[0]: image_file = self.list_data_dict[i]['image'] image_folder = self.data_args.image_folder processor = self.data_args.image_processor image = Image.open(os.path.join(image_folder, image_file)).convert('RGB') if self.data_args.image_aspect_ratio == 'pad': def expand2square(pil_img, background_color): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square(image, tuple(int(x*255) for x in processor.image_mean)) image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] else: image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args) else: sources = copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]) data_dict = preprocess( sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=('image' in self.list_data_dict[i])) if isinstance(i, int): data_dict = dict(input_ids=data_dict["input_ids"][0], labels=data_dict["labels"][0]) # image exist in the data if 'image' in self.list_data_dict[i]: data_dict['image'] = image elif self.data_args.is_multimodal: # image does not exist in the data, but the model is multimodal crop_size = self.data_args.image_processor.crop_size data_dict['image'] = torch.zeros(3, crop_size['height'], crop_size['width']) return data_dict @dataclass class DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(object): """Collate examples for supervised fine-tuning.""" tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer def __call__(self, instances: Sequence[Dict]) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: input_ids, labels = tuple([instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("input_ids", "labels")) input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence(labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX) input_ids = input_ids[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] labels = labels[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] batch = dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels, attention_mask=input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), ) if 'image' in instances[0]: images = [instance['image'] for instance in instances] if all(x is not None and x.shape == images[0].shape for x in images): batch['images'] = torch.stack(images) else: batch['images'] = images return batch def make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args) -> Dict: """Make dataset and collator for supervised fine-tuning.""" train_dataset = LazySupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_path=data_args.data_path, data_args=data_args) data_collator = DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer) return dict(train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=None, data_collator=data_collator) def train(attn_implementation=None): global local_rank parser = transformers.HfArgumentParser( (ModelArguments, DataArguments, TrainingArguments)) model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses() local_rank = training_args.local_rank compute_dtype = (torch.float16 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) bnb_model_from_pretrained_args = {} if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig bnb_model_from_pretrained_args.update(dict( device_map={"": training_args.device}, load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, llm_int8_skip_modules=["mm_projector"], llm_int8_threshold=6.0, llm_int8_has_fp16_weight=False, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=training_args.double_quant, bnb_4bit_quant_type=training_args.quant_type # {'fp4', 'nf4'} ) )) if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True) config.attn_config['attn_impl'] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model = LlavaMptForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, attn_implementation=attn_implementation, torch_dtype=(torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else None), **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, attn_implementation=attn_implementation, torch_dtype=(torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else None), **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) model.config.use_cache = False if model_args.freeze_backbone: model.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft import prepare_model_for_kbit_training model.config.torch_dtype=(torch.float32 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, use_gradient_checkpointing=training_args.gradient_checkpointing) if training_args.gradient_checkpointing: if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) if training_args.lora_enable: from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model lora_config = LoraConfig( r=training_args.lora_r, lora_alpha=training_args.lora_alpha, target_modules=find_all_linear_names(model), lora_dropout=training_args.lora_dropout, bias=training_args.lora_bias, task_type="CAUSAL_LM", ) if training_args.bits == 16: if training_args.bf16: model.to(torch.bfloat16) if training_args.fp16: model.to(torch.float16) rank0_print("Adding LoRA adapters...") model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right" ) else: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right", use_fast=False, ) if model_args.version == "v0": if tokenizer.pad_token is None: smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict=dict(pad_token="[PAD]"), tokenizer=tokenizer, model=model, ) elif model_args.version == "v0.5": tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token else: tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token if model_args.version in conversation_lib.conv_templates: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates[model_args.version] else: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates["vicuna_v1"] if model_args.vision_tower is not None: model.get_model().initialize_vision_modules( model_args=model_args, fsdp=training_args.fsdp ) vision_tower = model.get_vision_tower() vision_tower.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float16, device=training_args.device) data_args.image_processor = vision_tower.image_processor data_args.is_multimodal = True model.config.image_aspect_ratio = data_args.image_aspect_ratio model.config.tokenizer_padding_side = tokenizer.padding_side model.config.tokenizer_model_max_length = tokenizer.model_max_length model.config.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: model.requires_grad_(False) for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True model.config.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter if training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = False if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: model.get_model().mm_projector.to(dtype=compute_dtype, device=training_args.device) model.config.mm_use_im_start_end = data_args.mm_use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_projector_lr = training_args.mm_projector_lr training_args.use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_use_im_patch_token = model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token model.initialize_vision_tokenizer(model_args, tokenizer=tokenizer) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft.tuners.lora import LoraLayer for name, module in model.named_modules(): if isinstance(module, LoraLayer): if training_args.bf16: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) if 'norm' in name: module = module.to(torch.float32) if 'lm_head' in name or 'embed_tokens' in name: if hasattr(module, 'weight'): if training_args.bf16 and module.weight.dtype == torch.float32: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) data_module = make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_args=data_args) trainer = LLaVATrainer(model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, args=training_args, **data_module) if list(pathlib.Path(training_args.output_dir).glob("checkpoint-*")): trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=True) else: trainer.train() trainer.save_state() model.config.use_cache = True if training_args.lora_enable: state_dict = get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters(), training_args.lora_bias ) non_lora_state_dict = get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters() ) if training_args.local_rank == 0 or training_args.local_rank == -1: model.config.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir) model.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir, state_dict=state_dict) torch.save(non_lora_state_dict, os.path.join(training_args.output_dir, 'non_lora_trainables.bin')) else: safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer=trainer, output_dir=training_args.output_dir) if __name__ == "__main__": train() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/train_dpo.py ================================================ # Adopted from https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat. Below is the original copyright: # Adopted from tatsu-lab@stanford_alpaca. Below is the original copyright: # Copyright 2023 Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import copy from dataclasses import dataclass, field import json import logging import pathlib from typing import Dict, Optional, Sequence, List import torch import transformers from torchvision import transforms from llava.constants import IGNORE_INDEX, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from torch.utils.data import Dataset from llava.train.llava_trainer import LLaVATrainer from llava import conversation as conversation_lib from llava.model import * from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path, KeywordsStoppingCriteria from PIL import Image import numpy as np from PIL import ImageFilter import wandb # wandb.login(key="your key") os.environ["WANDB_MODE"] = "offline" local_rank = None def rank0_print(*args): if local_rank == 0: print(*args) def pil_to_tensor(image): transform = transforms.ToTensor() return transform(image) def tensor_to_pil(tensor): transform = transforms.ToPILImage() return transform(tensor) def add_diffusion_noise(image_tensor, noise_step): num_steps = 1000 # Number of diffusion steps # decide beta in each step betas = torch.linspace(-6,6,num_steps) betas = torch.sigmoid(betas) * (0.5e-2 - 1e-5) + 1e-5 # decide alphas in each step alphas = 1 - betas alphas_prod = torch.cumprod(alphas, dim=0) alphas_prod_p = torch.cat([torch.tensor([1]).float(), alphas_prod[:-1]],0) # p for previous alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_log = torch.log(1 - alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(1 - alphas_prod) def q_x(x_0,t): noise = torch.randn_like(x_0) alphas_t = alphas_bar_sqrt[t] alphas_1_m_t = one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt[t] return (alphas_t*x_0 + alphas_1_m_t*noise) noise_delta = int(noise_step) # from 0-999 noisy_image = image_tensor.clone() image_tensor_cd = q_x(noisy_image,noise_step) return image_tensor_cd @dataclass class ModelArguments: model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(default="facebook/opt-125m") version: Optional[str] = field(default="v0") freeze_backbone: bool = field(default=False) tune_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) vision_tower: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_vision_select_layer: Optional[int] = field(default=-1) # default to the last layer pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_projector_type: Optional[str] = field(default='linear') mm_use_im_start_end: bool = field(default=False) mm_use_im_patch_token: bool = field(default=True) mm_vision_select_feature: Optional[str] = field(default="patch") mm_patch_merge_type: Optional[str] = field(default='flat') @dataclass class DataArguments: data_path: str = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "Path to the training data."}) lazy_preprocess: bool = False is_multimodal: bool = False image_folder: Optional[str] = field(default=None) image_aspect_ratio: str = 'square' @dataclass class TrainingArguments(transformers.TrainingArguments): cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None) optim: str = field(default="adamw_torch") remove_unused_columns: bool = field(default=False) freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) mpt_attn_impl: Optional[str] = field(default="triton") model_max_length: int = field( default=1048, metadata={ "help": "Maximum sequence length. Sequences will be right padded (and possibly truncated)." }, ) double_quant: bool = field( default=True, metadata={"help": "Compress the quantization statistics through double quantization."} ) quant_type: str = field( default="nf4", metadata={"help": "Quantization data type to use. Should be one of `fp4` or `nf4`."} ) bits: int = field( default=16, metadata={"help": "How many bits to use."} ) lora_enable: bool = False lora_r: int = 64 lora_alpha: int = 16 lora_dropout: float = 0.05 lora_weight_path: str = "" lora_bias: str = "none" mm_projector_lr: Optional[float] = None group_by_modality_length: bool = field(default=False) def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: logging.warning(f"{name}: param.ds_status != ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: {param.ds_status}") with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param # Borrowed from peft.utils.get_peft_model_state_dict def get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, bias): if bias == "none": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k} elif bias == "all": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k or "bias" in k} elif bias == "lora_only": to_return = {} maybe_lora_bias = {} lora_bias_names = set() for k, t in named_params: if "lora_" in k: to_return[k] = t bias_name = k.split("lora_")[0] + "bias" lora_bias_names.add(bias_name) elif "bias" in k: maybe_lora_bias[k] = t for k, t in maybe_lora_bias: if bias_name in lora_bias_names: to_return[bias_name] = t else: raise NotImplementedError to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True) for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3(named_params, require_grad_only=True): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" not in k} if require_grad_only: to_return = {k: t for k, t in to_return.items() if t.requires_grad} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match)} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def find_all_linear_names(model): cls = torch.nn.Linear lora_module_names = set() multimodal_keywords = ['mm_projector', 'vision_tower', 'vision_resampler'] for name, module in model.named_modules(): if any(mm_keyword in name for mm_keyword in multimodal_keywords): continue if isinstance(module, cls): names = name.split('.') lora_module_names.add(names[0] if len(names) == 1 else names[-1]) if 'lm_head' in lora_module_names: # needed for 16-bit lora_module_names.remove('lm_head') return list(lora_module_names) def safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer: transformers.Trainer, output_dir: str): """Collects the state dict and dump to disk.""" if getattr(trainer.args, "tune_mm_mlp_adapter", False): # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ['mm_projector'] if getattr(trainer.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(['embed_tokens', 'embed_in']) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(trainer.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match) trainer.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) current_folder = output_dir.split('/')[-1] parent_folder = os.path.dirname(output_dir) if trainer.args.local_rank == 0 or trainer.args.local_rank == -1: if current_folder.startswith('checkpoint-'): mm_projector_folder = os.path.join(parent_folder, "mm_projector") os.makedirs(mm_projector_folder, exist_ok=True) torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(mm_projector_folder, f'{current_folder}.bin')) else: torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f'mm_projector.bin')) return if trainer.deepspeed: torch.cuda.synchronize() trainer.save_model(output_dir) return state_dict = trainer.model.state_dict() if trainer.args.should_save: cpu_state_dict = { key: value.cpu() for key, value in state_dict.items() } del state_dict trainer._save(output_dir, state_dict=cpu_state_dict) # noqa def smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict: Dict, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, model: transformers.PreTrainedModel, ): """Resize tokenizer and embedding. Note: This is the unoptimized version that may make your embedding size not be divisible by 64. """ num_new_tokens = tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special_tokens_dict) model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if num_new_tokens > 0: input_embeddings = model.get_input_embeddings().weight.data output_embeddings = model.get_output_embeddings().weight.data input_embeddings_avg = input_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) output_embeddings_avg = output_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = input_embeddings_avg output_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = output_embeddings_avg def _tokenize_fn(strings: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer) -> Dict: """Tokenize a list of strings.""" tokenized_list = [ tokenizer( text, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ) for text in strings ] input_ids = labels = [ tokenized.input_ids[0] for tokenized in tokenized_list ] input_ids_lens = labels_lens = [ tokenized.input_ids.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum().item() for tokenized in tokenized_list ] return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels, input_ids_lens=input_ids_lens, labels_lens=labels_lens, ) def _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers): # cur_idx = 0 cur_idx = tokenized_lens[0] tokenized_lens = tokenized_lens[1:] target[:cur_idx] = IGNORE_INDEX for tokenized_len, speaker in zip(tokenized_lens, speakers): if speaker == "human": target[cur_idx+2:cur_idx + tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_idx += tokenized_len def _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source, get_conversation=True): """Add speaker and start/end signal on each round.""" BEGIN_SIGNAL = "### " END_SIGNAL = "\n" conversation = header for sentence in source: from_str = sentence["from"] if from_str.lower() == "human": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[0] elif from_str.lower() == "gpt": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[1] else: from_str = 'unknown' sentence["value"] = (BEGIN_SIGNAL + from_str + ": " + sentence["value"] + END_SIGNAL) if get_conversation: conversation += sentence["value"] conversation += BEGIN_SIGNAL return conversation def preprocess_multimodal( sources: Sequence[str], data_args: DataArguments ) -> Dict: is_multimodal = data_args.is_multimodal if not is_multimodal: return sources for source in sources: for sentence in source: if DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in sentence['value']: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '').strip() sentence['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + sentence['value'] sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].strip() if "mmtag" in conversation_lib.default_conversation.version: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '' + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '') replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN if data_args.mm_use_im_start_end: replace_token = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token) return sources def preprocess_llama_2( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2 # Mask targets sep = "[/INST] " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_v1( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1 ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] prompts = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) if j==0: prompts.append(conv.get_prompt() + conv.roles[1] + ": ") conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) prompt_input_ids = torch.stack( [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in prompts], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids prompt_input_ids = tokenizer( prompts, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.TWO # Mask targets sep = conv.sep + conv.roles[1] + ": " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) if chosen == 1: return dict(chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt = prompts, prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) def preprocess_plain( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, ) -> Dict: # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: assert len(source) == 2 assert DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in source[0]['value'] source[0]['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN conversation = source[0]['value'] + source[1]['value'] + conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): tokenized_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(source[0]['value'], tokenizer)) target[:tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX return dict(input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets) def preprocess( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1 ) -> Dict: """ Given a list of sources, each is a conversation list. This transform: 1. Add signal '### ' at the beginning each sentence, with end signal '\n'; 2. Concatenate conversations together; 3. Tokenize the concatenated conversation; 4. Make a deepcopy as the target. Mask human words with IGNORE_INDEX. """ if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.PLAIN: return preprocess_plain(sources, tokenizer) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2: return preprocess_llama_2(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version.startswith("v1"): return preprocess_v1(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image, chosen = chosen) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version == "mpt": return preprocess_mpt(sources, tokenizer) # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: header = f"{conversation_lib.default_conversation.system}\n\n" conversation = _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source) conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations def get_tokenize_len(prompts): return [len(tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer)) for prompt in prompts] if has_image: input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] else: conversations_tokenized = _tokenize_fn(conversations, tokenizer) input_ids = conversations_tokenized["input_ids"] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): if has_image: tokenized_lens = get_tokenize_len([header] + [s["value"] for s in source]) else: tokenized_lens = _tokenize_fn([header] + [s["value"] for s in source], tokenizer)["input_ids_lens"] speakers = [sentence["from"] for sentence in source] _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers) if chosen == 1: return dict(chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt = conversations[0]) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) class LazySupervisedDataset(Dataset): """Dataset for supervised fine-tuning.""" def __init__(self, data_path: str, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args: DataArguments): super(LazySupervisedDataset, self).__init__() list_data_dict = json.load(open(data_path, "r")) rank0_print("Formatting inputs...Skip in lazy mode") self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.list_data_dict = list_data_dict self.data_args = data_args def __len__(self): return len(self.list_data_dict) @property def lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: img_tokens = 128 if 'image' in sample else 0 length_list.append(sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) + img_tokens) return length_list @property def modality_lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: cur_len = sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) cur_len = cur_len if 'images' in sample else -cur_len length_list.append(cur_len) return length_list def __getitem__(self, i) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if 'image' in sources[0]: image_file = self.list_data_dict[i]['image'] image_folder = self.data_args.image_folder processor = self.data_args.image_processor image = Image.open(os.path.join(image_folder, image_file)).convert('RGB') if self.data_args.image_aspect_ratio == 'pad': def expand2square(pil_img, background_color): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square(image, tuple(int(x*255) for x in processor.image_mean)) image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] else: image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args) else: sources = copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]) data_dict = preprocess( sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=('image' in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=1 ) if isinstance(i, int): data_dict = dict(chosen_input_ids=data_dict["chosen_input_ids"][0], chosen_labels=data_dict["chosen_labels"][0], prompt_input_ids = data_dict["prompt_input_ids"][0], prompt = data_dict["prompt"][0]) sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if 'image' in sources[0]: rejected_sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args) else: rejected_sources = copy.deepcopy([e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources]) rejected_data_dict = preprocess( rejected_sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=('image' in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=0) if isinstance(i, int): rejected_data_dict = dict(rejected_input_ids=rejected_data_dict["rejected_input_ids"][0], rejected_labels=rejected_data_dict["rejected_labels"][0], ) data_dict.update(rejected_data_dict) # image exist in the data if 'image' in self.list_data_dict[i]: data_dict['images'] = image elif self.data_args.is_multimodal: # image does not exist in the data, but the model is multimodal crop_size = self.data_args.image_processor.crop_size data_dict['images'] = torch.zeros(3, crop_size['height'], crop_size['width']) return data_dict @dataclass class DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(object): """Collate examples for supervised fine-tuning.""" tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer def __call__(self, instances: Sequence[Dict]) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels = tuple([instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("chosen_input_ids", "chosen_labels")) prompt_input_ids = [instance["prompt_input_ids"] for instance in instances] max_length = max([item.shape[0] for item in prompt_input_ids]) prompt_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( prompt_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids[:, :max_length] chosen_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( chosen_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) chosen_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence(chosen_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX) chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] chosen_labels = chosen_labels[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] batch = dict( chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels= chosen_labels, chosen_attention_mask=chosen_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids, prompt_attention_mask = prompt_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt = [instance["prompt"] for instance in instances], ) rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels = tuple([instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("rejected_input_ids", "rejected_labels")) rejected_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( rejected_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) rejected_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence(rejected_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX) rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_labels = rejected_labels[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_batch = dict( rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels= rejected_labels, rejected_attention_mask=rejected_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), ) batch.update(rejected_batch) if 'images' in instances[0]: images = [instance['images'] for instance in instances] if all(x is not None and x.shape == images[0].shape for x in images): batch['images'] = torch.stack(images) else: batch['images'] = images return batch def make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args) -> Dict: """Make dataset and collator for supervised fine-tuning.""" train_dataset = LazySupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_path=data_args.data_path, data_args=data_args) data_collator = DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer) return dict(train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=None, data_collator=data_collator) def train(): global local_rank parser = transformers.HfArgumentParser( (ModelArguments, DataArguments, TrainingArguments)) model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses() local_rank = training_args.local_rank compute_dtype = (torch.float16 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) bnb_model_from_pretrained_args = {} if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig bnb_model_from_pretrained_args.update(dict( device_map={"": training_args.device}, load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, llm_int8_skip_modules=["mm_projector"], llm_int8_threshold=6.0, llm_int8_has_fp16_weight=False, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=training_args.double_quant, bnb_4bit_quant_type=training_args.quant_type # {'fp4', 'nf4'} ) )) if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True) config.attn_config['attn_impl'] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) model.config.use_cache = False if model_args.freeze_backbone: model.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft import prepare_model_for_kbit_training model.config.torch_dtype=(torch.float32 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, use_gradient_checkpointing=training_args.gradient_checkpointing) if training_args.gradient_checkpointing: if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) lora_config=None if training_args.lora_enable: from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model lora_config = LoraConfig( r=training_args.lora_r, lora_alpha=training_args.lora_alpha, target_modules=find_all_linear_names(model), lora_dropout=training_args.lora_dropout, bias=training_args.lora_bias, task_type="CAUSAL_LM", ) if training_args.bits == 16: if training_args.bf16: print("to bfloat16...") model.to(torch.bfloat16) if training_args.fp16: model.to(torch.float16) print("to float16...") rank0_print("Adding LoRA adapters...") model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right" ) else: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right", use_fast=False, ) if model_args.version == "v0": if tokenizer.pad_token is None: smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict=dict(pad_token="[PAD]"), tokenizer=tokenizer, model=model, ) elif model_args.version == "v0.5": tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token else: tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token if model_args.version in conversation_lib.conv_templates: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates[model_args.version] else: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates["vicuna_v1"] if model_args.vision_tower is not None: model.get_model().initialize_vision_modules( model_args=model_args, fsdp=training_args.fsdp ) vision_tower = model.get_vision_tower() vision_tower.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float16, device=training_args.device) data_args.image_processor = vision_tower.image_processor data_args.is_multimodal = True model.config.image_aspect_ratio = data_args.image_aspect_ratio model.config.tokenizer_padding_side = tokenizer.padding_side model.config.tokenizer_model_max_length = tokenizer.model_max_length model.config.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: model.requires_grad_(False) for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True model.config.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter if training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = False if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: model.get_model().mm_projector.to(dtype=compute_dtype, device=training_args.device) model.config.mm_use_im_start_end = data_args.mm_use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_projector_lr = training_args.mm_projector_lr training_args.use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_use_im_patch_token = model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token model.initialize_vision_tokenizer(model_args, tokenizer=tokenizer) # ref_model if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True) config.attn_config['attn_impl'] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model_ref = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model_ref = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model_ref = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) model_ref.config.use_cache = False for param in model_ref.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False model_ref.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft.tuners.lora import LoraLayer for name, module in model.named_modules(): if isinstance(module, LoraLayer): if training_args.bf16: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) if 'norm' in name: module = module.to(torch.float32) if 'lm_head' in name or 'embed_tokens' in name: if hasattr(module, 'weight'): if training_args.bf16 and module.weight.dtype == torch.float32: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) data_module = make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_args=data_args) from peft import PeftModel # from trl import DPOTrainer from tool.dpo_trainer import DPOTrainer trainer = LLaVATrainer( model, args=training_args, peft_config=lora_config, tokenizer=tokenizer, **data_module ) if list(pathlib.Path(training_args.output_dir).glob("checkpoint-*")): # trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=True) trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=False) else: trainer.train() trainer.save_state() model.config.use_cache = True if training_args.lora_enable: state_dict = get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters(), training_args.lora_bias ) non_lora_state_dict = get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters() ) if training_args.local_rank == 0 or training_args.local_rank == -1: model.config.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir) model.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir, state_dict=state_dict) torch.save(non_lora_state_dict, os.path.join(training_args.output_dir, 'non_lora_trainables.bin')) else: safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer=trainer, output_dir=training_args.output_dir) if __name__ == "__main__": train() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/train_dpo_inherent.py ================================================ # Adopted from https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat. Below is the original copyright: # Adopted from tatsu-lab@stanford_alpaca. Below is the original copyright: # Copyright 2023 Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import copy from dataclasses import dataclass, field import json import logging import pathlib from typing import Dict, Optional, Sequence, List import torch import transformers from torchvision import transforms from llava.constants import IGNORE_INDEX, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from torch.utils.data import Dataset from llava.train.llava_trainer import LLaVATrainer from llava import conversation as conversation_lib from llava.model import * from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path, KeywordsStoppingCriteria from PIL import Image import numpy as np from PIL import ImageFilter import wandb wandb.login(key="your key") local_rank = None def rank0_print(*args): if local_rank == 0: print(*args) def pil_to_tensor(image): transform = transforms.ToTensor() return transform(image) def tensor_to_pil(tensor): transform = transforms.ToPILImage() return transform(tensor) def add_diffusion_noise(image_tensor, noise_step): num_steps = 1000 # Number of diffusion steps # decide beta in each step betas = torch.linspace(-6,6,num_steps) betas = torch.sigmoid(betas) * (0.5e-2 - 1e-5) + 1e-5 # decide alphas in each step alphas = 1 - betas alphas_prod = torch.cumprod(alphas, dim=0) alphas_prod_p = torch.cat([torch.tensor([1]).float(), alphas_prod[:-1]],0) # p for previous alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_log = torch.log(1 - alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(1 - alphas_prod) def q_x(x_0,t): noise = torch.randn_like(x_0) alphas_t = alphas_bar_sqrt[t] alphas_1_m_t = one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt[t] return (alphas_t*x_0 + alphas_1_m_t*noise) noise_delta = int(noise_step) # from 0-999 noisy_image = image_tensor.clone() image_tensor_cd = q_x(noisy_image,noise_step) return image_tensor_cd @dataclass class ModelArguments: model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(default="facebook/opt-125m") version: Optional[str] = field(default="v0") freeze_backbone: bool = field(default=False) tune_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) vision_tower: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_vision_select_layer: Optional[int] = field(default=-1) # default to the last layer pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_projector_type: Optional[str] = field(default='linear') mm_use_im_start_end: bool = field(default=False) mm_use_im_patch_token: bool = field(default=True) mm_vision_select_feature: Optional[str] = field(default="patch") @dataclass class DataArguments: data_path: str = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "Path to the training data."}) lazy_preprocess: bool = False is_multimodal: bool = False image_folder: Optional[str] = field(default=None) image_aspect_ratio: str = 'square' @dataclass class TrainingArguments(transformers.TrainingArguments): cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None) optim: str = field(default="adamw_torch") remove_unused_columns: bool = field(default=False) freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) mpt_attn_impl: Optional[str] = field(default="triton") model_max_length: int = field( default=1048, metadata={ "help": "Maximum sequence length. Sequences will be right padded (and possibly truncated)." }, ) double_quant: bool = field( default=True, metadata={"help": "Compress the quantization statistics through double quantization."} ) quant_type: str = field( default="nf4", metadata={"help": "Quantization data type to use. Should be one of `fp4` or `nf4`."} ) bits: int = field( default=16, metadata={"help": "How many bits to use."} ) lora_enable: bool = False lora_r: int = 64 lora_alpha: int = 16 lora_dropout: float = 0.05 lora_weight_path: str = "" lora_bias: str = "none" mm_projector_lr: Optional[float] = None group_by_modality_length: bool = field(default=False) def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: logging.warning(f"{name}: param.ds_status != ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: {param.ds_status}") with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param # Borrowed from peft.utils.get_peft_model_state_dict def get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, bias): if bias == "none": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k} elif bias == "all": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k or "bias" in k} elif bias == "lora_only": to_return = {} maybe_lora_bias = {} lora_bias_names = set() for k, t in named_params: if "lora_" in k: to_return[k] = t bias_name = k.split("lora_")[0] + "bias" lora_bias_names.add(bias_name) elif "bias" in k: maybe_lora_bias[k] = t for k, t in maybe_lora_bias: if bias_name in lora_bias_names: to_return[bias_name] = t else: raise NotImplementedError to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True) for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3(named_params, require_grad_only=True): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" not in k} if require_grad_only: to_return = {k: t for k, t in to_return.items() if t.requires_grad} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match)} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def find_all_linear_names(model): cls = torch.nn.Linear lora_module_names = set() multimodal_keywords = ['mm_projector', 'vision_tower', 'vision_resampler'] for name, module in model.named_modules(): if any(mm_keyword in name for mm_keyword in multimodal_keywords): continue if isinstance(module, cls): names = name.split('.') lora_module_names.add(names[0] if len(names) == 1 else names[-1]) if 'lm_head' in lora_module_names: # needed for 16-bit lora_module_names.remove('lm_head') return list(lora_module_names) def safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer: transformers.Trainer, output_dir: str): """Collects the state dict and dump to disk.""" if getattr(trainer.args, "tune_mm_mlp_adapter", False): # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ['mm_projector'] if getattr(trainer.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(['embed_tokens', 'embed_in']) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(trainer.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match) trainer.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) current_folder = output_dir.split('/')[-1] parent_folder = os.path.dirname(output_dir) if trainer.args.local_rank == 0 or trainer.args.local_rank == -1: if current_folder.startswith('checkpoint-'): mm_projector_folder = os.path.join(parent_folder, "mm_projector") os.makedirs(mm_projector_folder, exist_ok=True) torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(mm_projector_folder, f'{current_folder}.bin')) else: torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f'mm_projector.bin')) return if trainer.deepspeed: torch.cuda.synchronize() trainer.save_model(output_dir) return state_dict = trainer.model.state_dict() if trainer.args.should_save: cpu_state_dict = { key: value.cpu() for key, value in state_dict.items() } del state_dict trainer._save(output_dir, state_dict=cpu_state_dict) # noqa def smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict: Dict, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, model: transformers.PreTrainedModel, ): """Resize tokenizer and embedding. Note: This is the unoptimized version that may make your embedding size not be divisible by 64. """ num_new_tokens = tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special_tokens_dict) model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if num_new_tokens > 0: input_embeddings = model.get_input_embeddings().weight.data output_embeddings = model.get_output_embeddings().weight.data input_embeddings_avg = input_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) output_embeddings_avg = output_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True) input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = input_embeddings_avg output_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = output_embeddings_avg def _tokenize_fn(strings: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer) -> Dict: """Tokenize a list of strings.""" tokenized_list = [ tokenizer( text, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ) for text in strings ] input_ids = labels = [ tokenized.input_ids[0] for tokenized in tokenized_list ] input_ids_lens = labels_lens = [ tokenized.input_ids.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum().item() for tokenized in tokenized_list ] return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels, input_ids_lens=input_ids_lens, labels_lens=labels_lens, ) def _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers): # cur_idx = 0 cur_idx = tokenized_lens[0] tokenized_lens = tokenized_lens[1:] target[:cur_idx] = IGNORE_INDEX for tokenized_len, speaker in zip(tokenized_lens, speakers): if speaker == "human": target[cur_idx+2:cur_idx + tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_idx += tokenized_len def _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source, get_conversation=True): """Add speaker and start/end signal on each round.""" BEGIN_SIGNAL = "### " END_SIGNAL = "\n" conversation = header for sentence in source: from_str = sentence["from"] if from_str.lower() == "human": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[0] elif from_str.lower() == "gpt": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[1] else: from_str = 'unknown' sentence["value"] = (BEGIN_SIGNAL + from_str + ": " + sentence["value"] + END_SIGNAL) if get_conversation: conversation += sentence["value"] conversation += BEGIN_SIGNAL return conversation def preprocess_multimodal( sources: Sequence[str], data_args: DataArguments ) -> Dict: is_multimodal = data_args.is_multimodal if not is_multimodal: return sources for source in sources: for sentence in source: if DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in sentence['value']: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '').strip() sentence['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + sentence['value'] sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].strip() if "mmtag" in conversation_lib.default_conversation.version: sentence['value'] = sentence['value'].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, '' + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '') replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN if data_args.mm_use_im_start_end: replace_token = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token) return sources def preprocess_llama_2( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2 # Mask targets sep = "[/INST] " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_v1( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1 ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] prompts = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) if j==0: prompts.append(conv.get_prompt() + conv.roles[1] + ": ") conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack([tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations], dim=0) prompt_input_ids = torch.stack( [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in prompts], dim=0) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids prompt_input_ids = tokenizer( prompts, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.TWO # Mask targets sep = conv.sep + conv.roles[1] + ": " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) if chosen == 1: return dict(chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt = prompts, prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) def preprocess_plain( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, ) -> Dict: # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: assert len(source) == 2 assert DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in source[0]['value'] source[0]['value'] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN conversation = source[0]['value'] + source[1]['value'] + conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): tokenized_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(source[0]['value'], tokenizer)) target[:tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX return dict(input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets) def preprocess( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1 ) -> Dict: """ Given a list of sources, each is a conversation list. This transform: 1. Add signal '### ' at the beginning each sentence, with end signal '\n'; 2. Concatenate conversations together; 3. Tokenize the concatenated conversation; 4. Make a deepcopy as the target. Mask human words with IGNORE_INDEX. """ if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.PLAIN: return preprocess_plain(sources, tokenizer) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2: return preprocess_llama_2(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version.startswith("v1"): return preprocess_v1(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image, chosen = chosen) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version == "mpt": return preprocess_mpt(sources, tokenizer) # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: header = f"{conversation_lib.default_conversation.system}\n\n" conversation = _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source) conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations def get_tokenize_len(prompts): return [len(tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer)) for prompt in prompts] if has_image: input_ids = [tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors='pt') for prompt in conversations] else: conversations_tokenized = _tokenize_fn(conversations, tokenizer) input_ids = conversations_tokenized["input_ids"] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): if has_image: tokenized_lens = get_tokenize_len([header] + [s["value"] for s in source]) else: tokenized_lens = _tokenize_fn([header] + [s["value"] for s in source], tokenizer)["input_ids_lens"] speakers = [sentence["from"] for sentence in source] _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers) if chosen == 1: return dict(chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt = conversations[0]) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) class LazySupervisedDataset(Dataset): """Dataset for supervised fine-tuning.""" def __init__(self, data_path: str, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args: DataArguments): super(LazySupervisedDataset, self).__init__() list_data_dict = json.load(open(data_path, "r")) rank0_print("Formatting inputs...Skip in lazy mode") self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.list_data_dict = list_data_dict self.data_args = data_args def __len__(self): return len(self.list_data_dict) @property def lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: img_tokens = 128 if 'image' in sample else 0 length_list.append(sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) + img_tokens) return length_list @property def modality_lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: cur_len = sum(len(conv['value'].split()) for conv in sample['conversations']) cur_len = cur_len if 'images' in sample else -cur_len length_list.append(cur_len) return length_list def __getitem__(self, i) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if 'image' in sources[0]: image_file = self.list_data_dict[i]['image'] image_folder = self.data_args.image_folder processor = self.data_args.image_processor image = Image.open(os.path.join(image_folder, image_file)).convert('RGB') image_tensor = pil_to_tensor(image) image_noisy = add_diffusion_noise(image_tensor, 500) image_noisy = tensor_to_pil(image_noisy) if self.data_args.image_aspect_ratio == 'pad': def expand2square(pil_img, background_color): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new(pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square(image, tuple(int(x*255) for x in processor.image_mean)) image_noisy = expand2square(image_noisy, tuple(int(x*255) for x in processor.image_mean)) image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] image_noisy = processor.preprocess(image_noisy, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] else: image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] image_noisy = processor.preprocess(image_noisy, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0] sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args) else: sources = copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]) data_dict = preprocess( sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=('image' in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=1 ) if isinstance(i, int): data_dict = dict(chosen_input_ids=data_dict["chosen_input_ids"][0], chosen_labels=data_dict["chosen_labels"][0], prompt_input_ids = data_dict["prompt_input_ids"][0], prompt = data_dict["prompt"][0]) sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if 'image' in sources[0]: rejected_sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args) else: rejected_sources = copy.deepcopy([e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources]) rejected_data_dict = preprocess( rejected_sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=('image' in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=0) if isinstance(i, int): rejected_data_dict = dict(rejected_input_ids=rejected_data_dict["rejected_input_ids"][0], rejected_labels=rejected_data_dict["rejected_labels"][0], ) data_dict.update(rejected_data_dict) # image exist in the data if 'image' in self.list_data_dict[i]: data_dict['images'] = image data_dict['images_noisy'] = image_noisy elif self.data_args.is_multimodal: # image does not exist in the data, but the model is multimodal crop_size = self.data_args.image_processor.crop_size data_dict['images'] = torch.zeros(3, crop_size['height'], crop_size['width']) return data_dict @dataclass class DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(object): """Collate examples for supervised fine-tuning.""" tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer def __call__(self, instances: Sequence[Dict]) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels = tuple([instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("chosen_input_ids", "chosen_labels")) prompt_input_ids = [instance["prompt_input_ids"] for instance in instances] max_length = max([item.shape[0] for item in prompt_input_ids]) prompt_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( prompt_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids[:, :max_length] chosen_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( chosen_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) chosen_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence(chosen_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX) chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] chosen_labels = chosen_labels[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] batch = dict( chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels= chosen_labels, chosen_attention_mask=chosen_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids, prompt_attention_mask = prompt_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt = [instance["prompt"] for instance in instances], ) rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels = tuple([instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("rejected_input_ids", "rejected_labels")) rejected_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( rejected_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) rejected_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence(rejected_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX) rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_labels = rejected_labels[:, :self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_batch = dict( rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels= rejected_labels, rejected_attention_mask=rejected_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), ) batch.update(rejected_batch) if 'images' in instances[0]: images = [instance['images'] for instance in instances] if all(x is not None and x.shape == images[0].shape for x in images): batch['images'] = torch.stack(images) else: batch['images'] = images images_noisy = [instance['images_noisy'] for instance in instances] if all(x is not None and x.shape == images_noisy[0].shape for x in images_noisy): batch['images_noisy'] = torch.stack(images_noisy) else: batch['images_noisy'] = images_noisy return batch def make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args) -> Dict: """Make dataset and collator for supervised fine-tuning.""" train_dataset = LazySupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_path=data_args.data_path, data_args=data_args) data_collator = DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer) return dict(train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=None, data_collator=data_collator) def train(): global local_rank parser = transformers.HfArgumentParser( (ModelArguments, DataArguments, TrainingArguments)) model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses() local_rank = training_args.local_rank compute_dtype = (torch.float16 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) bnb_model_from_pretrained_args = {} if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig bnb_model_from_pretrained_args.update(dict( device_map={"": training_args.device}, load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, llm_int8_skip_modules=["mm_projector"], llm_int8_threshold=6.0, llm_int8_has_fp16_weight=False, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=training_args.double_quant, bnb_4bit_quant_type=training_args.quant_type # {'fp4', 'nf4'} ) )) if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True) config.attn_config['attn_impl'] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) model.config.use_cache = False if model_args.freeze_backbone: model.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft import prepare_model_for_kbit_training model.config.torch_dtype=(torch.float32 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32)) model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, use_gradient_checkpointing=training_args.gradient_checkpointing) if training_args.gradient_checkpointing: if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) if training_args.lora_enable: from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model lora_config = LoraConfig( r=training_args.lora_r, lora_alpha=training_args.lora_alpha, target_modules=find_all_linear_names(model), lora_dropout=training_args.lora_dropout, bias=training_args.lora_bias, task_type="CAUSAL_LM", ) if training_args.bits == 16: if training_args.bf16: print("to bfloat16...") model.to(torch.bfloat16) if training_args.fp16: model.to(torch.float16) print("to float16...") rank0_print("Adding LoRA adapters...") model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right" ) else: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right", use_fast=False, ) if model_args.version == "v0": if tokenizer.pad_token is None: smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict=dict(pad_token="[PAD]"), tokenizer=tokenizer, model=model, ) elif model_args.version == "v0.5": tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token else: tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token if model_args.version in conversation_lib.conv_templates: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates[model_args.version] else: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates["vicuna_v1"] if model_args.vision_tower is not None: model.get_model().initialize_vision_modules( model_args=model_args, fsdp=training_args.fsdp ) vision_tower = model.get_vision_tower() vision_tower.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float16, device=training_args.device) data_args.image_processor = vision_tower.image_processor data_args.is_multimodal = True model.config.image_aspect_ratio = data_args.image_aspect_ratio model.config.tokenizer_padding_side = tokenizer.padding_side model.config.tokenizer_model_max_length = tokenizer.model_max_length model.config.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: model.requires_grad_(False) for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True model.config.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter if training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = False if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: model.get_model().mm_projector.to(dtype=compute_dtype, device=training_args.device) model.config.mm_use_im_start_end = data_args.mm_use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_projector_lr = training_args.mm_projector_lr training_args.use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_use_im_patch_token = model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token model.initialize_vision_tokenizer(model_args, tokenizer=tokenizer) # ref_model if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if 'mpt' in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True) config.attn_config['attn_impl'] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model_ref = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model_ref = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) else: model_ref = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args ) model_ref.config.use_cache = False for param in model_ref.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False model_ref.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft.tuners.lora import LoraLayer for name, module in model.named_modules(): if isinstance(module, LoraLayer): if training_args.bf16: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) if 'norm' in name: module = module.to(torch.float32) if 'lm_head' in name or 'embed_tokens' in name: if hasattr(module, 'weight'): if training_args.bf16 and module.weight.dtype == torch.float32: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) data_module = make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_args=data_args) from peft import PeftModel from trl import DPOTrainer trainer = LLaVATrainer( model, args=training_args, peft_config=lora_config, tokenizer=tokenizer, **data_module ) if list(pathlib.Path(training_args.output_dir).glob("checkpoint-*")): trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=True) else: trainer.train() trainer.save_state() model.config.use_cache = True if training_args.lora_enable: state_dict = get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters(), training_args.lora_bias ) non_lora_state_dict = get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters() ) if training_args.local_rank == 0 or training_args.local_rank == -1: model.config.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir) model.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir, state_dict=state_dict) torch.save(non_lora_state_dict, os.path.join(training_args.output_dir, 'non_lora_trainables.bin')) else: safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer=trainer, output_dir=training_args.output_dir) if __name__ == "__main__": train() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/train_mem.py ================================================ from llava.train.train import train if __name__ == "__main__": train(attn_implementation="flash_attention_2") ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/train/train_xformers.py ================================================ # Make it more memory efficient by monkey patching the LLaMA model with xformers attention. # Need to call this before importing transformers. from llava.train.llama_xformers_attn_monkey_patch import ( replace_llama_attn_with_xformers_attn, ) replace_llama_attn_with_xformers_attn() from llava.train.train import train if __name__ == "__main__": train() ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava/utils.py ================================================ import datetime import logging import logging.handlers import os import sys import requests from llava.constants import LOGDIR server_error_msg = "**NETWORK ERROR DUE TO HIGH TRAFFIC. PLEASE REGENERATE OR REFRESH THIS PAGE.**" moderation_msg = "YOUR INPUT VIOLATES OUR CONTENT MODERATION GUIDELINES. PLEASE TRY AGAIN." handler = None def build_logger(logger_name, logger_filename): global handler formatter = logging.Formatter( fmt="%(asctime)s | %(levelname)s | %(name)s | %(message)s", datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", ) # Set the format of root handlers if not logging.getLogger().handlers: logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) logging.getLogger().handlers[0].setFormatter(formatter) # Redirect stdout and stderr to loggers stdout_logger = logging.getLogger("stdout") stdout_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) sl = StreamToLogger(stdout_logger, logging.INFO) sys.stdout = sl stderr_logger = logging.getLogger("stderr") stderr_logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR) sl = StreamToLogger(stderr_logger, logging.ERROR) sys.stderr = sl # Get logger logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name) logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) # Add a file handler for all loggers if handler is None: os.makedirs(LOGDIR, exist_ok=True) filename = os.path.join(LOGDIR, logger_filename) handler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler( filename, when='D', utc=True, encoding='UTF-8') handler.setFormatter(formatter) for name, item in logging.root.manager.loggerDict.items(): if isinstance(item, logging.Logger): item.addHandler(handler) return logger class StreamToLogger(object): """ Fake file-like stream object that redirects writes to a logger instance. """ def __init__(self, logger, log_level=logging.INFO): self.terminal = sys.stdout self.logger = logger self.log_level = log_level self.linebuf = '' def __getattr__(self, attr): return getattr(self.terminal, attr) def write(self, buf): temp_linebuf = self.linebuf + buf self.linebuf = '' for line in temp_linebuf.splitlines(True): # From the io.TextIOWrapper docs: # On output, if newline is None, any '\n' characters written # are translated to the system default line separator. # By default sys.stdout.write() expects '\n' newlines and then # translates them so this is still cross platform. if line[-1] == '\n': self.logger.log(self.log_level, line.rstrip()) else: self.linebuf += line def flush(self): if self.linebuf != '': self.logger.log(self.log_level, self.linebuf.rstrip()) self.linebuf = '' def disable_torch_init(): """ Disable the redundant torch default initialization to accelerate model creation. """ import torch setattr(torch.nn.Linear, "reset_parameters", lambda self: None) setattr(torch.nn.LayerNorm, "reset_parameters", lambda self: None) def violates_moderation(text): """ Check whether the text violates OpenAI moderation API. """ url = "https://api.openai.com/v1/moderations" headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Authorization": "Bearer " + os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"]} text = text.replace("\n", "") data = "{" + '"input": ' + f'"{text}"' + "}" data = data.encode("utf-8") try: ret = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=5) flagged = ret.json()["results"][0]["flagged"] except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: flagged = False except KeyError as e: flagged = False return flagged def pretty_print_semaphore(semaphore): if semaphore is None: return "None" return f"Semaphore(value={semaphore._value}, locked={semaphore.locked()})" ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/llava_trainer_2stages.py ================================================ import os import torch from torch.utils.data import Sampler from transformers import Trainer from transformers.trainer import ( is_sagemaker_mp_enabled, get_parameter_names, has_length, ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS, ShardedDDPOption, logger, ) from typing import List, Optional # from trl import DPOTrainer def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: print(name, 'no ignore status') with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match)} to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True, name=k).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def split_to_even_chunks(indices, lengths, num_chunks): """ Split a list of indices into `chunks` chunks of roughly equal lengths. """ if len(indices) % num_chunks != 0: return [indices[i::num_chunks] for i in range(num_chunks)] num_indices_per_chunk = len(indices) // num_chunks chunks = [[] for _ in range(num_chunks)] chunks_lengths = [0 for _ in range(num_chunks)] for index in indices: shortest_chunk = chunks_lengths.index(min(chunks_lengths)) chunks[shortest_chunk].append(index) chunks_lengths[shortest_chunk] += lengths[index] if len(chunks[shortest_chunk]) == num_indices_per_chunk: chunks_lengths[shortest_chunk] = float("inf") return chunks def get_modality_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None): # We need to use torch for the random part as a distributed sampler will set the random seed for torch. assert all(l != 0 for l in lengths), "Should not have zero length." if all(l > 0 for l in lengths) or all(l < 0 for l in lengths): # all samples are in the same modality return get_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=generator) mm_indices, mm_lengths = zip(*[(i, l) for i, l in enumerate(lengths) if l > 0]) lang_indices, lang_lengths = zip(*[(i, -l) for i, l in enumerate(lengths) if l < 0]) mm_shuffle = [mm_indices[i] for i in get_length_grouped_indices(mm_lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None)] lang_shuffle = [lang_indices[i] for i in get_length_grouped_indices(lang_lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None)] megabatch_size = world_size * batch_size mm_megabatches = [mm_shuffle[i : i + megabatch_size] for i in range(0, len(mm_shuffle), megabatch_size)] lang_megabatches = [lang_shuffle[i : i + megabatch_size] for i in range(0, len(lang_shuffle), megabatch_size)] last_mm = mm_megabatches[-1] last_lang = lang_megabatches[-1] additional_batch = last_mm + last_lang megabatches = mm_megabatches[:-1] + lang_megabatches[:-1] megabatch_indices = torch.randperm(len(megabatches), generator=generator) megabatches = [megabatches[i] for i in megabatch_indices] if len(additional_batch) > 0: megabatches.append(sorted(additional_batch)) return [i for megabatch in megabatches for i in megabatch] def get_length_grouped_indices(lengths, batch_size, world_size, generator=None, merge=True): # We need to use torch for the random part as a distributed sampler will set the random seed for torch. indices = torch.randperm(len(lengths), generator=generator) megabatch_size = world_size * batch_size megabatches = [indices[i : i + megabatch_size].tolist() for i in range(0, len(lengths), megabatch_size)] megabatches = [sorted(megabatch, key=lambda i: lengths[i], reverse=True) for megabatch in megabatches] megabatches = [split_to_even_chunks(megabatch, lengths, world_size) for megabatch in megabatches] return [i for megabatch in megabatches for batch in megabatch for i in batch] class LengthGroupedSampler(Sampler): r""" Sampler that samples indices in a way that groups together features of the dataset of roughly the same length while keeping a bit of randomness. """ def __init__( self, batch_size: int, world_size: int, lengths: Optional[List[int]] = None, generator=None, group_by_modality: bool = False, ): if lengths is None: raise ValueError("Lengths must be provided.") self.batch_size = batch_size self.world_size = world_size self.lengths = lengths self.generator = generator self.group_by_modality = group_by_modality def __len__(self): return len(self.lengths) def __iter__(self): if self.group_by_modality: indices = get_modality_length_grouped_indices(self.lengths, self.batch_size, self.world_size, generator=self.generator) else: indices = get_length_grouped_indices(self.lengths, self.batch_size, self.world_size, generator=self.generator) return iter(indices) from dpo_trainer_2stages import DPOTrainer class LLaVATrainer(DPOTrainer): def _get_train_sampler(self) -> Optional[torch.utils.data.Sampler]: if self.train_dataset is None or not has_length(self.train_dataset): return None if self.args.group_by_modality_length: lengths = self.train_dataset.modality_lengths return LengthGroupedSampler( self.args.train_batch_size, world_size=self.args.world_size * self.args.gradient_accumulation_steps, lengths=lengths, group_by_modality=True, ) else: return super()._get_train_sampler() def create_optimizer(self): """ Setup the optimizer. We provide a reasonable default that works well. If you want to use something else, you can pass a tuple in the Trainer's init through `optimizers`, or subclass and override this method in a subclass. """ if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled(): return super().create_optimizer() if self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.SIMPLE: return super().create_optimizer() opt_model = self.model if self.optimizer is None: decay_parameters = get_parameter_names(opt_model, ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS) decay_parameters = [name for name in decay_parameters if "bias" not in name] if self.args.mm_projector_lr is not None: projector_parameters = [name for name, _ in opt_model.named_parameters() if "mm_projector" in name] optimizer_grouped_parameters = [ { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and n not in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and n not in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and n in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, "lr": self.args.mm_projector_lr, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and n in projector_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, "lr": self.args.mm_projector_lr, }, ] else: optimizer_grouped_parameters = [ { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n in decay_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": self.args.weight_decay, }, { "params": [ p for n, p in opt_model.named_parameters() if (n not in decay_parameters and p.requires_grad) ], "weight_decay": 0.0, }, ] optimizer_cls, optimizer_kwargs = DPOTrainer.get_optimizer_cls_and_kwargs(self.args) if self.sharded_ddp == ShardedDDPOption.SIMPLE: self.optimizer = OSS( params=optimizer_grouped_parameters, optim=optimizer_cls, **optimizer_kwargs, ) else: self.optimizer = optimizer_cls(optimizer_grouped_parameters, **optimizer_kwargs) if optimizer_cls.__name__ == "Adam8bit": import bitsandbytes manager = bitsandbytes.optim.GlobalOptimManager.get_instance() skipped = 0 for module in opt_model.modules(): if isinstance(module, nn.Embedding): skipped += sum({p.data_ptr(): p.numel() for p in module.parameters()}.values()) logger.info(f"skipped {module}: {skipped/2**20}M params") manager.register_module_override(module, "weight", {"optim_bits": 32}) logger.debug(f"bitsandbytes: will optimize {module} in fp32") logger.info(f"skipped: {skipped/2**20}M params") return self.optimizer def _save_checkpoint(self, model, trial, metrics=None): if getattr(self.args, 'tune_mm_mlp_adapter', False): from transformers.trainer_utils import PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR checkpoint_folder = f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{self.state.global_step}" run_dir = self._get_output_dir(trial=trial) output_dir = os.path.join(run_dir, checkpoint_folder) # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ['mm_projector', 'vision_resampler'] if getattr(self.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(['embed_tokens', 'embed_in']) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(self.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match) if self.args.local_rank == 0 or self.args.local_rank == -1: self.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) torch.save(weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f'mm_projector.bin')) else: super(LLaVATrainer, self)._save_checkpoint(model, trial, metrics) def _save(self, output_dir: Optional[str] = None, state_dict=None): if getattr(self.args, 'tune_mm_mlp_adapter', False): pass else: super(LLaVATrainer, self)._save(output_dir, state_dict) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/povid_infer.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import os import json from tqdm import tqdm import shortuuid from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava import conversation as conversation_lib from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path, KeywordsStoppingCriteria from llava.model import * from PIL import Image import math import numpy as np if torch.cuda.is_available(): device = torch.device("cuda") def split_list(lst, n): """Split a list into n (roughly) equal-sized chunks""" chunk_size = math.ceil(len(lst) / n) # integer division return [lst[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)] def get_chunk(lst, n, k): chunks = split_list(lst, n) return chunks[k] def eval_model(args): # Model disable_torch_init() model_path = os.path.expanduser(args.model_path) model_name = get_model_name_from_path(model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(model_path, args.model_base, model_name) model = model.to(device) input_dir = args.input_dir output_file = args.output_file nu = 0 with torch.no_grad(): with open(output_file, "a+") as f: for filename in tqdm(os.listdir(input_dir)): if filename.endswith((".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png")) and nu <= 0: if filename in open(output_file).read():continue qs = 'Describe this image.' cur_prompt = qs if model.config.mm_use_im_start_end: qs = DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN + '\n' + qs else: qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + qs conv = conv_templates[args.conv_mode].copy() conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).cuda() image = Image.open(os.path.join(args.input_dir, filename)) image_tensor = image_processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'][0].to(device) stop_str = conv.sep if conv.sep_style != SeparatorStyle.TWO else conv.sep2 keywords = [stop_str] stopping_criteria = KeywordsStoppingCriteria(keywords, tokenizer, input_ids) with torch.inference_mode(): output_ids = model.generate( input_ids=input_ids, images=image_tensor.unsqueeze(0).half().cuda(), do_sample=True, temperature=args.temperature, top_p= 1, num_beams= 1, output_attentions=True, # no_repeat_ngram_size=3, args.top_p args.num_beams max_new_tokens=1024, use_cache=True) input_token_len = input_ids.shape[1] n_diff_input_output = (input_ids != output_ids[:, :input_token_len]).sum().item() if n_diff_input_output > 0: print(f'[Warning] {n_diff_input_output} output_ids are not the same as the input_ids') outputs = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids[:, input_token_len:], skip_special_tokens=True)[0] outputs = outputs.strip() result = {"id": filename, "question": cur_prompt, "answer": outputs, "model": "llava_lora_05_05_step_500"} json.dump(result, f) f.write('\n') f.flush() nu += 1 f.close() if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="[your final stage lora ckpt path]") parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, default="[your first stage ckpt path]") parser.add_argument("--input_dir", type=str, default="./data/coco") parser.add_argument("--output_file", type=str, default="[your output path]") parser.add_argument("--conv-mode", type=str, default="v1") parser.add_argument("--num-chunks", type=int, default=1) parser.add_argument("--chunk-idx", type=int, default=0) parser.add_argument("--temperature", type=float, default=0.2) parser.add_argument("--top_p", type=float, default=None) parser.add_argument("--num_beams", type=int, default=1) args = parser.parse_args() eval_model(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/predict.py ================================================ import torch from llava.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN from llava.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token from transformers.generation.streamers import TextIteratorStreamer from PIL import Image import requests from io import BytesIO from cog import BasePredictor, Input, Path, ConcatenateIterator import time import subprocess from threading import Thread import os os.environ["HUGGINGFACE_HUB_CACHE"] = os.getcwd() + "/weights" # url for the weights mirror REPLICATE_WEIGHTS_URL = "https://weights.replicate.delivery/default" # files to download from the weights mirrors weights = [ { "dest": "liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b", # git commit hash from huggingface "src": "llava-v1.5-13b/006818fc465ebda4c003c0998674d9141d8d95f8", "files": [ "config.json", "generation_config.json", "pytorch_model-00001-of-00003.bin", "pytorch_model-00002-of-00003.bin", "pytorch_model-00003-of-00003.bin", "pytorch_model.bin.index.json", "special_tokens_map.json", "tokenizer.model", "tokenizer_config.json", ] }, { "dest": "openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336", "src": "clip-vit-large-patch14-336/ce19dc912ca5cd21c8a653c79e251e808ccabcd1", "files": [ "config.json", "preprocessor_config.json", "pytorch_model.bin" ], } ] def download_json(url: str, dest: Path): res = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True) if res.status_code == 200 and res.content: with dest.open("wb") as f: f.write(res.content) else: print(f"Failed to download {url}. Status code: {res.status_code}") def download_weights(baseurl: str, basedest: str, files: list[str]): basedest = Path(basedest) start = time.time() print("downloading to: ", basedest) basedest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) for f in files: dest = basedest / f url = os.path.join(REPLICATE_WEIGHTS_URL, baseurl, f) if not dest.exists(): print("downloading url: ", url) if dest.suffix == ".json": download_json(url, dest) else: subprocess.check_call(["pget", url, str(dest)], close_fds=False) print("downloading took: ", time.time() - start) class Predictor(BasePredictor): def setup(self) -> None: """Load the model into memory to make running multiple predictions efficient""" for weight in weights: download_weights(weight["src"], weight["dest"], weight["files"]) disable_torch_init() self.tokenizer, self.model, self.image_processor, self.context_len = load_pretrained_model("liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b", model_name="llava-v1.5-13b", model_base=None, load_8bit=False, load_4bit=False) def predict( self, image: Path = Input(description="Input image"), prompt: str = Input(description="Prompt to use for text generation"), top_p: float = Input(description="When decoding text, samples from the top p percentage of most likely tokens; lower to ignore less likely tokens", ge=0.0, le=1.0, default=1.0), temperature: float = Input(description="Adjusts randomness of outputs, greater than 1 is random and 0 is deterministic", default=0.2, ge=0.0), max_tokens: int = Input(description="Maximum number of tokens to generate. A word is generally 2-3 tokens", default=1024, ge=0), ) -> ConcatenateIterator[str]: """Run a single prediction on the model""" conv_mode = "llava_v1" conv = conv_templates[conv_mode].copy() image_data = load_image(str(image)) image_tensor = self.image_processor.preprocess(image_data, return_tensors='pt')['pixel_values'].half().cuda() # loop start # just one turn, always prepend image token inp = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + '\n' + prompt conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], inp) conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None) prompt = conv.get_prompt() input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, self.tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors='pt').unsqueeze(0).cuda() stop_str = conv.sep if conv.sep_style != SeparatorStyle.TWO else conv.sep2 keywords = [stop_str] streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(self.tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, timeout=20.0) with torch.inference_mode(): thread = Thread(target=self.model.generate, kwargs=dict( inputs=input_ids, images=image_tensor, do_sample=True, temperature=temperature, top_p=top_p, max_new_tokens=max_tokens, streamer=streamer, use_cache=True)) thread.start() # workaround: second-to-last token is always " " # but we want to keep it if it's not the second-to-last token prepend_space = False for new_text in streamer: if new_text == " ": prepend_space = True continue if new_text.endswith(stop_str): new_text = new_text[:-len(stop_str)].strip() prepend_space = False elif prepend_space: new_text = " " + new_text prepend_space = False if len(new_text): yield new_text if prepend_space: yield " " thread.join() def load_image(image_file): if image_file.startswith('http') or image_file.startswith('https'): response = requests.get(image_file) image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert('RGB') else: image = Image.open(image_file).convert('RGB') return image ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/pyproject.toml ================================================ [build-system] requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"] build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta" [project] name = "llava" version = "1.2.2.post1" description = "Towards GPT-4 like large language and visual assistant." readme = "README.md" requires-python = ">=3.8" classifiers = [ "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License", ] dependencies = [ "torch==2.1.2", "torchvision==0.16.2", "transformers==4.33.0", "tokenizers==0.13.3", "sentencepiece==0.1.99", "shortuuid", "accelerate==0.21.0", "peft", "bitsandbytes", "pydantic", "markdown2[all]", "numpy", "scikit-learn==1.2.2", "gradio==4.16.0", "gradio_client==0.8.1", "requests", "httpx==0.24.0", "uvicorn", "fastapi", "einops==0.6.1", "einops-exts==0.0.4", "timm==0.6.13", ] [project.optional-dependencies] train = ["deepspeed==0.12.6", "ninja", "wandb"] build = ["build", "twine"] [project.urls] "Homepage" = "https://llava-vl.github.io" "Bug Tracker" = "https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/issues" [tool.setuptools.packages.find] exclude = ["assets*", "benchmark*", "docs", "dist*", "playground*", "scripts*", "tests*"] [tool.wheel] exclude = ["assets*", "benchmark*", "docs", "dist*", "playground*", "scripts*", "tests*"] ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_gqa_for_eval.py ================================================ import os import json import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--src", type=str) parser.add_argument("--dst", type=str) args = parser.parse_args() all_answers = [] for line_idx, line in enumerate(open(args.src)): res = json.loads(line) question_id = res['question_id'] text = res['text'].rstrip('.').lower() all_answers.append({"questionId": question_id, "prediction": text}) with open(args.dst, 'w') as f: json.dump(all_answers, f) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_mmbench_for_submission.py ================================================ import os import json import argparse import pandas as pd def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--annotation-file", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--result-dir", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--upload-dir", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--experiment", type=str, required=True) return parser.parse_args() if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() df = pd.read_table(args.annotation_file) cur_df = df.copy() cur_df = cur_df.drop(columns=['hint', 'category', 'source', 'image', 'comment', 'l2-category']) cur_df.insert(6, 'prediction', None) for pred in open(os.path.join(args.result_dir, f"{args.experiment}.jsonl")): pred = json.loads(pred) cur_df.loc[df['index'] == pred['question_id'], 'prediction'] = pred['text'] cur_df.to_excel(os.path.join(args.upload_dir, f"{args.experiment}.xlsx"), index=False, engine='openpyxl') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_mmvet_for_eval.py ================================================ import os import json import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--src", type=str) parser.add_argument("--dst", type=str) args = parser.parse_args() cur_result = {} for line in open(args.src): data = json.loads(line) qid = data['question_id'] cur_result[f'v1_{qid}'] = data['text'] with open(args.dst, 'w') as f: json.dump(cur_result, f, indent=2) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_seed_for_submission.py ================================================ import os import json import argparse def get_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--annotation-file", type=str) parser.add_argument("--result-file", type=str) parser.add_argument("--result-upload-file", type=str) return parser.parse_args() def eval_single(result_file, eval_only_type=None): results = {} for line in open(result_file): row = json.loads(line) results[row['question_id']] = row type_counts = {} correct_counts = {} for question_data in data['questions']: if eval_only_type is not None and question_data['data_type'] != eval_only_type: continue data_type = question_data['question_type_id'] type_counts[data_type] = type_counts.get(data_type, 0) + 1 try: question_id = int(question_data['question_id']) except: question_id = question_data['question_id'] if question_id not in results: correct_counts[data_type] = correct_counts.get(data_type, 0) continue row = results[question_id] if row['text'] == question_data['answer']: correct_counts[data_type] = correct_counts.get(data_type, 0) + 1 total_count = 0 total_correct = 0 for data_type in sorted(type_counts.keys()): accuracy = correct_counts[data_type] / type_counts[data_type] * 100 if eval_only_type is None: print(f"{ques_type_id_to_name[data_type]}: {accuracy:.2f}%") total_count += type_counts[data_type] total_correct += correct_counts[data_type] total_accuracy = total_correct / total_count * 100 if eval_only_type is None: print(f"Total accuracy: {total_accuracy:.2f}%") else: print(f"{eval_only_type} accuracy: {total_accuracy:.2f}%") return results if __name__ == "__main__": args = get_args() data = json.load(open(args.annotation_file)) ques_type_id_to_name = {id:n for n,id in data['question_type'].items()} results = eval_single(args.result_file) eval_single(args.result_file, eval_only_type='image') eval_single(args.result_file, eval_only_type='video') with open(args.result_upload_file, 'w') as fp: for question in data['questions']: qid = question['question_id'] if qid in results: result = results[qid] else: result = results[int(qid)] fp.write(json.dumps({ 'question_id': qid, 'prediction': result['text'] }) + '\n') ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_sqa_to_llava.py ================================================ import json import os import fire import re from convert_sqa_to_llava_base_prompt import build_prompt_chatbot def convert_to_llava(base_dir, split, prompt_format="QCM-LEA"): split_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "pid_splits.json")))[split] problems = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "problems.json"))) split_problems = build_prompt_chatbot( problems, split_indices, prompt_format, use_caption=False, is_test=False) target_format = [] for prob_id, (input, output) in split_problems.items(): if input.startswith('Question: '): input = input.replace('Question: ', '') if output.startswith('Answer: '): output = output.replace('Answer: ', '') raw_prob_data = problems[prob_id] if raw_prob_data['image'] is None: target_format.append({ "id": prob_id, "conversations": [ {'from': 'human', 'value': f"{input}"}, {'from': 'gpt', 'value': f"{output}"}, ], }) else: target_format.append({ "id": prob_id, "image": os.path.join(prob_id, raw_prob_data['image']), "conversations": [ {'from': 'human', 'value': f"{input}\n"}, {'from': 'gpt', 'value': f"{output}"}, ], }) print(f'Number of samples: {len(target_format)}') with open(os.path.join(base_dir, f"llava_{split}_{prompt_format}.json"), "w") as f: json.dump(target_format, f, indent=2) def convert_to_jsonl(base_dir, split, prompt_format="QCM-LEPA"): split_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "pid_splits.json")))[split] problems = json.load(open(os.path.join(base_dir, "problems.json"))) split_problems = build_prompt_chatbot( problems, split_indices, prompt_format, use_caption=False, is_test=False) writer = open(os.path.join(base_dir, f"scienceqa_{split}_{prompt_format}.jsonl"), "w") for prob_id, (input, output) in split_problems.items(): if input.startswith('Question: '): input = input.replace('Question: ', '') if output.startswith('Answer: '): output = output.replace('Answer: ', '') raw_prob_data = problems[prob_id] if raw_prob_data['image'] is None: data = { "id": prob_id, "instruction": f"{input}", "output": f"{output}", } else: data = { "id": prob_id, "image": os.path.join(prob_id, raw_prob_data['image']), "instruction": f"{input}\n", "output": f"{output}", } writer.write(json.dumps(data) + '\n') writer.close() def main(task, **kwargs): globals()[task](**kwargs) if __name__ == "__main__": fire.Fire(main) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_sqa_to_llava_base_prompt.py ================================================ def get_question_text(problem): question = problem['question'] return question def get_context_text(problem, use_caption): txt_context = problem['hint'] img_context = problem['caption'] if use_caption else "" context = " ".join([txt_context, img_context]).strip() if context == "": context = "N/A" return context def get_choice_text(probelm, options): choices = probelm['choices'] choice_list = [] for i, c in enumerate(choices): choice_list.append("({}) {}".format(options[i], c)) choice_txt = " ".join(choice_list) #print(choice_txt) return choice_txt def get_answer(problem, options): return options[problem['answer']] def get_lecture_text(problem): # \\n: GPT-3 can generate the lecture with more tokens. lecture = problem['lecture'].replace("\n", "\\n") return lecture def get_solution_text(problem): # \\n: GPT-3 can generate the solution with more tokens solution = problem['solution'].replace("\n", "\\n") return solution def create_one_example_chatbot(format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=True): input_format, output_format = format.split("-") ## Inputs if input_format == "CQM": input = f"Context: {context}\nQuestion: {question}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # upper bound experiment elif input_format == "QCML": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\n" elif input_format == "QCME": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCMLE": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCLM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCLEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # Outputs if test_example: output = "Answer:" elif output_format == 'A': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'AL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution}" elif output_format == 'AE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture}" elif output_format == 'ALE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}" elif output_format == 'AEL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution} {lecture}" elif output_format == 'LA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'EA': output = f"Answer: {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'LEA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'ELA': output = f"Answer: {solution} {lecture} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'LEPA': output = '' if len(lecture.strip()) > 0: output += f"LECTURE: {lecture}\n" if len(solution.strip()) > 0: output += f"SOLUTION: {solution}\n" output += '###\n' output += f"ANSWER: {answer}." input = input.replace(" ", " ").strip() output = output.replace(" ", " ").strip() if input.endswith("BECAUSE:"): input = input.replace("BECAUSE:", "").strip() if output.endswith("BECAUSE:"): output = output.replace("BECAUSE:", "").strip() return input, output def create_one_example(format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=True): input_format, output_format = format.split("-") ## Inputs if input_format == "CQM": input = f"Context: {context}\nQuestion: {question}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # upper bound experiment elif input_format == "QCML": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\n" elif input_format == "QCME": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCMLE": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCLM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCLEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # Outputs if test_example: output = "Answer:" elif output_format == 'A': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'AL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution}" elif output_format == 'AE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture}" elif output_format == 'ALE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}" elif output_format == 'AEL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution} {lecture}" elif output_format == 'LA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'EA': output = f"Answer: {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'LEA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'ELA': output = f"Answer: {solution} {lecture} The answer is {answer}." text = input + output text = text.replace(" ", " ").strip() if text.endswith("BECAUSE:"): text = text.replace("BECAUSE:", "").strip() return text def create_one_example_gpt4(format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=True): input_format, output_format = format.split("-") ## Inputs if input_format == "CQM": input = f"Context: {context}\nQuestion: {question}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # upper bound experiment elif input_format == "QCML": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\n" elif input_format == "QCME": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCMLE": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nOptions: {choice}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\n" elif input_format == "QCLM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" elif input_format == "QCLEM": input = f"Question: {question}\nContext: {context}\nBECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}\nOptions: {choice}\n" # Outputs if test_example: output = "Answer:" elif output_format == 'A': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'AL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution}" elif output_format == 'AE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture}" elif output_format == 'ALE': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {lecture} {solution}" elif output_format == 'AEL': output = f"Answer: The answer is {answer}. BECAUSE: {solution} {lecture}" elif output_format == 'LA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'EA': output = f"Answer: {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'LEA': output = f"Answer: {lecture} {solution} The answer is {answer}." elif output_format == 'ELA': output = f"Answer: {solution} {lecture} The answer is {answer}." input = input.replace(" ", " ").strip() output = output.replace(" ", " ").strip() if output.endswith("BECAUSE:"): output = output.replace("BECAUSE:", "").strip() user_prompt = {"role": "user", "content": f"Can you explain {input}?"} assistant_prompt = {"role": "assistant", "content": f"{output}"} return user_prompt, assistant_prompt def build_prompt_chatbot(problems, shot_qids, prompt_format, use_caption=False, options=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], is_test=False): examples = {} for qid in shot_qids: question = get_question_text(problems[qid]) context = get_context_text(problems[qid], use_caption) choice = get_choice_text(problems[qid], options) answer = get_answer(problems[qid], options) lecture = get_lecture_text(problems[qid]).replace('\\n', '\n') solution = get_solution_text(problems[qid]).replace('\\n', '\n') train_example = create_one_example_chatbot(prompt_format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=is_test) examples[qid] = train_example return examples def build_prompt(problems, shot_qids, test_qid, args): examples = [] # n-shot training examples for qid in shot_qids: question = get_question_text(problems[qid]) context = get_context_text(problems[qid], args.use_caption) choice = get_choice_text(problems[qid], args.options) answer = get_answer(problems[qid], args.options) lecture = get_lecture_text(problems[qid]) solution = get_solution_text(problems[qid]) train_example = create_one_example(args.prompt_format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=False) examples.append(train_example) # test example question = get_question_text(problems[test_qid]) context = get_context_text(problems[test_qid], args.use_caption) choice = get_choice_text(problems[test_qid], args.options) answer = get_answer(problems[test_qid], args.options) lecture = get_lecture_text(problems[test_qid]) solution = get_solution_text(problems[test_qid]) test_example = create_one_example(args.prompt_format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=True) examples.append(test_example) # create the prompt input prompt_input = '\n\n'.join(examples) return prompt_input def build_prompt_gpt4(problems, shot_qids, test_qid, args): prompt_array = [{"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."}] # n-shot training examples for qid in shot_qids: question = get_question_text(problems[qid]) context = get_context_text(problems[qid], args.use_caption) choice = get_choice_text(problems[qid], args.options) answer = get_answer(problems[qid], args.options) lecture = get_lecture_text(problems[qid]) solution = get_solution_text(problems[qid]) user_prompt, assistant_prompt = create_one_example_gpt4(args.prompt_format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=False) prompt_array.append(user_prompt) prompt_array.append(assistant_prompt) # test example question = get_question_text(problems[test_qid]) context = get_context_text(problems[test_qid], args.use_caption) choice = get_choice_text(problems[test_qid], args.options) answer = get_answer(problems[test_qid], args.options) lecture = get_lecture_text(problems[test_qid]) solution = get_solution_text(problems[test_qid]) user_prompt, assistant_prompt = create_one_example_gpt4(args.prompt_format, question, context, choice, answer, lecture, solution, test_example=True) prompt_array.append(user_prompt) prompt_array.append(assistant_prompt) return prompt_array ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_vizwiz_for_submission.py ================================================ import os import argparse import json from llava.eval.m4c_evaluator import EvalAIAnswerProcessor def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--annotation-file', type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument('--result-file', type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument('--result-upload-file', type=str, required=True) return parser.parse_args() if __name__ == '__main__': args = parse_args() os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(args.result_upload_file), exist_ok=True) results = [] error_line = 0 for line_idx, line in enumerate(open(args.result_file)): try: results.append(json.loads(line)) except: error_line += 1 results = {x['question_id']: x['text'] for x in results} test_split = [json.loads(line) for line in open(args.annotation_file)] split_ids = set([x['question_id'] for x in test_split]) print(f'total results: {len(results)}, total split: {len(test_split)}, error_line: {error_line}') all_answers = [] answer_processor = EvalAIAnswerProcessor() for x in test_split: assert x['question_id'] in results all_answers.append({ 'image': x['image'], 'answer': answer_processor(results[x['question_id']]) }) with open(args.result_upload_file, 'w') as f: json.dump(all_answers, f) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/convert_vqav2_for_submission.py ================================================ import os import argparse import json from llava.eval.m4c_evaluator import EvalAIAnswerProcessor def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--dir', type=str, default="./playground/data/eval/vqav2") parser.add_argument('--ckpt', type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument('--split', type=str, required=True) return parser.parse_args() if __name__ == '__main__': args = parse_args() src = os.path.join(args.dir, 'answers', args.split, args.ckpt, 'merge.jsonl') test_split = os.path.join(args.dir, 'llava_vqav2_mscoco_test2015.jsonl') dst = os.path.join(args.dir, 'answers_upload', args.split, f'{args.ckpt}.json') os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dst), exist_ok=True) results = [] error_line = 0 for line_idx, line in enumerate(open(src)): try: results.append(json.loads(line)) except: error_line += 1 results = {x['question_id']: x['text'] for x in results} test_split = [json.loads(line) for line in open(test_split)] split_ids = set([x['question_id'] for x in test_split]) print(f'total results: {len(results)}, total split: {len(test_split)}, error_line: {error_line}') all_answers = [] answer_processor = EvalAIAnswerProcessor() for x in test_split: if x['question_id'] not in results: all_answers.append({ 'question_id': x['question_id'], 'answer': '' }) else: all_answers.append({ 'question_id': x['question_id'], 'answer': answer_processor(results[x['question_id']]) }) with open(dst, 'w') as f: json.dump(all_answers, open(dst, 'w')) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/extract_mm_projector.py ================================================ """ This is just a utility that I use to extract the projector for quantized models. It is NOT necessary at all to train, or run inference/serve demos. Use this script ONLY if you fully understand its implications. """ import os import argparse import torch import json from collections import defaultdict def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Extract MMProjector weights') parser.add_argument('--model-path', type=str, help='model folder') parser.add_argument('--output', type=str, help='output file') args = parser.parse_args() return args if __name__ == '__main__': args = parse_args() keys_to_match = ['mm_projector'] ckpt_to_key = defaultdict(list) try: model_indices = json.load(open(os.path.join(args.model_path, 'pytorch_model.bin.index.json'))) for k, v in model_indices['weight_map'].items(): if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match): ckpt_to_key[v].append(k) except FileNotFoundError: # Smaller models or model checkpoints saved by DeepSpeed. v = 'pytorch_model.bin' for k in torch.load(os.path.join(args.model_path, v), map_location='cpu').keys(): if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match): ckpt_to_key[v].append(k) loaded_weights = {} for ckpt_name, weight_keys in ckpt_to_key.items(): ckpt = torch.load(os.path.join(args.model_path, ckpt_name), map_location='cpu') for k in weight_keys: loaded_weights[k] = ckpt[k] torch.save(loaded_weights, args.output) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/finetune.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: ################## VICUNA ################## # PROMPT_VERSION=v1 # MODEL_VERSION="vicuna-v1-3-7b" ################## VICUNA ################## ################## LLaMA-2 ################## # PROMPT_VERSION="llava_llama_2" # MODEL_VERSION="llama-2-7b-chat" ################## LLaMA-2 ################## deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_instruct_80k.json \ --image_folder /path/to/coco/train2017 \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-finetune \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/finetune_full_schedule.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: ################## VICUNA ################## # PROMPT_VERSION=v1 # MODEL_VERSION="vicuna-v1-3-7b" ################## VICUNA ################## ################## LLaMA-2 ################## # PROMPT_VERSION="llava_llama_2" # MODEL_VERSION="llama-2-7b-chat" ################## LLaMA-2 ################## deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_instruct_158k.json \ --image_folder /path/to/coco/train2017 \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-finetune \ --num_train_epochs 3 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/finetune_lora.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: ################## VICUNA ################## # PROMPT_VERSION=v1 # MODEL_VERSION="vicuna-v1-3-7b" ################## VICUNA ################## ################## LLaMA-2 ################## # PROMPT_VERSION="llava_llama_2" # MODEL_VERSION="llama-2-7b-chat" ################## LLaMA-2 ################## deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --lora_enable True \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_instruct_80k.json \ --image_folder /path/to/coco/train2017 \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-finetune_lora \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/finetune_qlora.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: ################## VICUNA ################## # PROMPT_VERSION=v1 # MODEL_VERSION="vicuna-v1-3-7b" ################## VICUNA ################## ################## LLaMA-2 ################## # PROMPT_VERSION="llava_llama_2" # MODEL_VERSION="llama-2-7b-chat" ################## LLaMA-2 ################## deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --lora_enable True \ --bits 4 \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_instruct_80k.json \ --image_folder /path/to/coco/train2017 \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-finetune_lora \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/finetune_sqa.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path lmsys/vicuna-13b-v1.3 \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path /Data/ScienceQA/data/scienceqa/llava_train_QCM-LEA.json \ --image_folder /Data/ScienceQA/data/scienceqa/images/train \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/huggingface/liuhaotian/llava-pretrain-vicuna-13b-v1.3/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-vicuna-13b-v1.3-pretrain_lcs558k_plain-ScienceQA_QCM_LEA-12e \ --num_train_epochs 12 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/merge_lora_weights.py ================================================ import argparse from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.mm_utils import get_model_name_from_path def merge_lora(args): model_name = get_model_name_from_path(args.model_path) tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(args.model_path, args.model_base, model_name, device_map='cpu') model.save_pretrained(args.save_model_path) tokenizer.save_pretrained(args.save_model_path) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--model-base", type=str, required=True) parser.add_argument("--save-model-path", type=str, required=True) args = parser.parse_args() merge_lora(args) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/pretrain.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # IMPORTANT: this is the training script for the original LLaVA, NOT FOR LLaVA V1.5! # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: # MODEL_VERSION=vicuna-v1-3-7b # MODEL_VERSION=llama-2-7b-chat ########### DO NOT CHANGE ########### ########### USE THIS FOR BOTH ########### PROMPT_VERSION=plain ########### DO NOT CHANGE ########### deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path /path/to/pretrain_data.json \ --image_folder /path/to/images \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --tune_mm_mlp_adapter True \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 24000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-3 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/pretrain_xformers.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # Uncomment and set the following variables correspondingly to run this script: # MODEL_VERSION=vicuna-v1-3-7b # MODEL_VERSION=llama-2-7b-chat ########### DO NOT CHANGE ########### ########### USE THIS FOR BOTH ########### PROMPT_VERSION=plain ########### DO NOT CHANGE ########### deepspeed llava/train/train_xformers.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoints/$MODEL_VERSION \ --version $PROMPT_VERSION \ --data_path /path/to/pretrain_data.json \ --image_folder /path/to/images \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 \ --tune_mm_mlp_adapter True \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 False \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-$MODEL_VERSION-pretrain \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 4 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 4 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 24000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-3 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 False \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/run_povid.sh ================================================ # conda env source activate [your env path]/envs/POVID cd .. deepspeed llava/train/train_dpo_inherent.py \ --lora_enable True --lora_r 128 --lora_alpha 256 --mm_projector_lr 2e-5 \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path ./checkpoint/output/POVID_stage_one_merged \ --version v1 \ --data_path ./data/POVID_preference_data_for_VLLMs.json \ --image_folder ./data/coco \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoint/output/POVID_stage_two_LoRa \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 1\ --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 200 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 1e-7 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --report_to wandb --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 1024 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/sqa_eval_batch.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash CHUNKS=8 for IDX in {0..7}; do CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$IDX python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_science \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-lcs558k-scienceqa-vicuna-13b-v1.3 \ --question-file ~/haotian/datasets/ScienceQA/data/scienceqa/llava_test_QCM-LEA.json \ --image-folder ~/haotian/datasets/ScienceQA/data/scienceqa/images/test \ --answers-file ./test_llava-13b-chunk$CHUNKS_$IDX.jsonl \ --num-chunks $CHUNKS \ --chunk-idx $IDX \ --conv-mode llava_v1 & done ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/sqa_eval_gather.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash CHUNKS=8 output_file="test_llava-13b.jsonl" # Clear out the output file if it exists. > "$output_file" # Loop through the indices and concatenate each file. for idx in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do cat "./test_llava-13b-chunk${idx}.jsonl" >> "$output_file" done python llava/eval/eval_science_qa.py \ --base-dir ~/haotian/datasets/ScienceQA/data/scienceqa \ --result-file ./test_llava-13b.jsonl \ --output-file ./test_llava-13b_output.json \ --output-result ./test_llava-13b_result.json ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/upload_pypi.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash # Step 0: Clean up rm -rf dist # Step 1: Change the package name to "llava-torch" sed -i 's/name = "llava"/name = "llava-torch"/' pyproject.toml # Step 2: Build the package python -m build # Step 3: Revert the changes in pyproject.toml to the original sed -i 's/name = "llava-torch"/name = "llava"/' pyproject.toml # Step 4: Upload to PyPI python -m twine upload dist/* ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/gqa.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash gpu_list="${CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES:-0}" IFS=',' read -ra GPULIST <<< "$gpu_list" CHUNKS=${#GPULIST[@]} CKPT="llava-v1.5-13b" SPLIT="llava_gqa_testdev_balanced" GQADIR="./playground/data/eval/gqa/data" for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=${GPULIST[$IDX]} python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/gqa/$SPLIT.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/gqa/data/images \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/gqa/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl \ --num-chunks $CHUNKS \ --chunk-idx $IDX \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 & done wait output_file=./playground/data/eval/gqa/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/merge.jsonl # Clear out the output file if it exists. > "$output_file" # Loop through the indices and concatenate each file. for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do cat ./playground/data/eval/gqa/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl >> "$output_file" done python scripts/convert_gqa_for_eval.py --src $output_file --dst $GQADIR/testdev_balanced_predictions.json cd $GQADIR python eval/eval.py --tier testdev_balanced ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/llavabench.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/questions.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/images \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 mkdir -p playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/reviews python llava/eval/eval_gpt_review_bench.py \ --question playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/questions.jsonl \ --context playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/context.jsonl \ --rule llava/eval/table/rule.json \ --answer-list \ playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/answers_gpt4.jsonl \ playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --output \ playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/reviews/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl python llava/eval/summarize_gpt_review.py -f playground/data/eval/llava-bench-in-the-wild/reviews/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/mmbench.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash SPLIT="mmbench_dev_20230712" python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_mmbench \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench/$SPLIT.tsv \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench/answers/$SPLIT/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --single-pred-prompt \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 mkdir -p playground/data/eval/mmbench/answers_upload/$SPLIT python scripts/convert_mmbench_for_submission.py \ --annotation-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench/$SPLIT.tsv \ --result-dir ./playground/data/eval/mmbench/answers/$SPLIT \ --upload-dir ./playground/data/eval/mmbench/answers_upload/$SPLIT \ --experiment llava-v1.5-13b ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/mmbench_cn.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash SPLIT="mmbench_dev_cn_20231003" python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_mmbench \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench_cn/$SPLIT.tsv \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench_cn/answers/$SPLIT/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --lang cn \ --single-pred-prompt \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 mkdir -p playground/data/eval/mmbench/answers_upload/$SPLIT python scripts/convert_mmbench_for_submission.py \ --annotation-file ./playground/data/eval/mmbench_cn/$SPLIT.tsv \ --result-dir ./playground/data/eval/mmbench_cn/answers/$SPLIT \ --upload-dir ./playground/data/eval/mmbench_cn/answers_upload/$SPLIT \ --experiment llava-v1.5-13b ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/mme.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/MME/llava_mme.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/MME/MME_Benchmark_release_version \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/MME/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 cd ./playground/data/eval/MME python convert_answer_to_mme.py --experiment llava-v1.5-13b cd eval_tool python calculation.py --results_dir answers/llava-v1.5-13b ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/mmvet.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/llava-mm-vet.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/images \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 mkdir -p ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/results python scripts/convert_mmvet_for_eval.py \ --src ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --dst ./playground/data/eval/mm-vet/results/llava-v1.5-13b.json ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/pope.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/pope/llava_pope_test.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/pope/val2014 \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/pope/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 python llava/eval/eval_pope.py \ --annotation-dir ./playground/data/eval/pope/coco \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/pope/llava_pope_test.jsonl \ --result-file ./playground/data/eval/pope/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/qbench.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash if [ "$1" = "dev" ]; then echo "Evaluating in 'dev' split." elif [ "$1" = "test" ]; then echo "Evaluating in 'test' split." else echo "Unknown split, please choose between 'dev' and 'test'." exit 1 fi python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_qbench \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/qbench/images_llvisionqa/ \ --questions-file ./playground/data/eval/qbench/llvisionqa_$1.json \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/qbench/llvisionqa_$1_answers.jsonl \ --conv-mode llava_v1 \ --lang en ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/qbench_zh.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash if [ "$1" = "dev" ]; then ZH_SPLIT="验证集" echo "Evaluating in 'dev' split." elif [ "$1" = "test" ]; then ZH_SPLIT="测试集" echo "Evaluating in 'test' split." else echo "Unknown split, please choose between 'dev' and 'test'." exit 1 fi python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_qbench \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/qbench/images_llvisionqa/ \ --questions-file ./playground/data/eval/qbench/质衡-问答-$ZH_SPLIT.json \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/qbench/llvisionqa_zh_$1_answers.jsonl \ --conv-mode llava_v1 \ --lang zh ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/seed.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash gpu_list="${CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES:-0}" IFS=',' read -ra GPULIST <<< "$gpu_list" CHUNKS=${#GPULIST[@]} CKPT="llava-v1.5-13b" for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=${GPULIST[$IDX]} python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/llava-seed-bench.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/answers/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl \ --num-chunks $CHUNKS \ --chunk-idx $IDX \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 & done wait output_file=./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/answers/$CKPT/merge.jsonl # Clear out the output file if it exists. > "$output_file" # Loop through the indices and concatenate each file. for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do cat ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/answers/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl >> "$output_file" done # Evaluate python scripts/convert_seed_for_submission.py \ --annotation-file ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/SEED-Bench.json \ --result-file $output_file \ --result-upload-file ./playground/data/eval/seed_bench/answers_upload/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/sqa.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_science \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/llava_test_CQM-A.json \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/images/test \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --single-pred-prompt \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 python llava/eval/eval_science_qa.py \ --base-dir ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa \ --result-file ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --output-file ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b_output.jsonl \ --output-result ./playground/data/eval/scienceqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b_result.json ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/textvqa.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/textvqa/llava_textvqa_val_v051_ocr.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/textvqa/train_images \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/textvqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 python -m llava.eval.eval_textvqa \ --annotation-file ./playground/data/eval/textvqa/TextVQA_0.5.1_val.json \ --result-file ./playground/data/eval/textvqa/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/vizwiz.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/llava_test.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/test \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 python scripts/convert_vizwiz_for_submission.py \ --annotation-file ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/llava_test.jsonl \ --result-file ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/answers/llava-v1.5-13b.jsonl \ --result-upload-file ./playground/data/eval/vizwiz/answers_upload/llava-v1.5-13b.json ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/eval/vqav2.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash gpu_list="${CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES:-0}" IFS=',' read -ra GPULIST <<< "$gpu_list" CHUNKS=${#GPULIST[@]} CKPT="llava-v1.5-13b" SPLIT="llava_vqav2_mscoco_test-dev2015" for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=${GPULIST[$IDX]} python -m llava.eval.model_vqa_loader \ --model-path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --question-file ./playground/data/eval/vqav2/$SPLIT.jsonl \ --image-folder ./playground/data/eval/vqav2/test2015 \ --answers-file ./playground/data/eval/vqav2/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl \ --num-chunks $CHUNKS \ --chunk-idx $IDX \ --temperature 0 \ --conv-mode vicuna_v1 & done wait output_file=./playground/data/eval/vqav2/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/merge.jsonl # Clear out the output file if it exists. > "$output_file" # Loop through the indices and concatenate each file. for IDX in $(seq 0 $((CHUNKS-1))); do cat ./playground/data/eval/vqav2/answers/$SPLIT/$CKPT/${CHUNKS}_${IDX}.jsonl >> "$output_file" done python scripts/convert_vqav2_for_submission.py --split $SPLIT --ckpt $CKPT ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/finetune.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --model_name_or_path lmsys/vicuna-13b-v1.5 \ --version v1 \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_v1_5_mix665k.json \ --image_folder ./playground/data \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/finetune_lora.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --lora_enable True --lora_r 128 --lora_alpha 256 --mm_projector_lr 2e-5 \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --model_name_or_path lmsys/vicuna-13b-v1.5 \ --version v1 \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_v1_5_mix665k.json \ --image_folder ./playground/data \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-pretrain/mm_projector.bin \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-lora \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-4 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/finetune_task.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --model_name_or_path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --version v1 \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_v1_5_mix665k.json \ --image_folder ./playground/data \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-task \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-5 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/finetune_task_lora.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --lora_enable True --lora_r 128 --lora_alpha 256 --mm_projector_lr 2e-5 \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero3.json \ --model_name_or_path liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-13b \ --version v1 \ --data_path ./playground/data/llava_v1_5_mix665k.json \ --image_folder ./playground/data \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --image_aspect_ratio pad \ --group_by_modality_length True \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-task-lora \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 16 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 50000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 2e-4 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/v1_5/pretrain.sh ================================================ #!/bin/bash deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \ --deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \ --model_name_or_path lmsys/vicuna-13b-v1.5 \ --version plain \ --data_path ./playground/data/LLaVA-Pretrain/blip_laion_cc_sbu_558k.json \ --image_folder ./playground/data/LLaVA-Pretrain/images \ --vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \ --mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \ --tune_mm_mlp_adapter True \ --mm_vision_select_layer -2 \ --mm_use_im_start_end False \ --mm_use_im_patch_token False \ --bf16 True \ --output_dir ./checkpoints/llava-v1.5-13b-pretrain \ --num_train_epochs 1 \ --per_device_train_batch_size 32 \ --per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \ --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \ --evaluation_strategy "no" \ --save_strategy "steps" \ --save_steps 24000 \ --save_total_limit 1 \ --learning_rate 1e-3 \ --weight_decay 0. \ --warmup_ratio 0.03 \ --lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \ --logging_steps 1 \ --tf32 True \ --model_max_length 2048 \ --gradient_checkpointing True \ --dataloader_num_workers 4 \ --lazy_preprocess True \ --report_to wandb ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/zero2.json ================================================ { "fp16": { "enabled": "auto", "loss_scale": 0, "loss_scale_window": 1000, "initial_scale_power": 16, "hysteresis": 2, "min_loss_scale": 1 }, "bf16": { "enabled": "auto" }, "train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu": "auto", "train_batch_size": "auto", "gradient_accumulation_steps": "auto", "zero_optimization": { "stage": 2, "overlap_comm": true, "contiguous_gradients": true, "sub_group_size": 1e9, "reduce_bucket_size": "auto" } } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/zero3.json ================================================ { "fp16": { "enabled": "auto", "loss_scale": 0, "loss_scale_window": 1000, "initial_scale_power": 16, "hysteresis": 2, "min_loss_scale": 1 }, "bf16": { "enabled": "auto" }, "train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu": "auto", "train_batch_size": "auto", "gradient_accumulation_steps": "auto", "zero_optimization": { "stage": 3, "overlap_comm": true, "contiguous_gradients": true, "sub_group_size": 1e9, "reduce_bucket_size": "auto", "stage3_prefetch_bucket_size": "auto", "stage3_param_persistence_threshold": "auto", "stage3_max_live_parameters": 1e9, "stage3_max_reuse_distance": 1e9, "stage3_gather_16bit_weights_on_model_save": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/scripts/zero3_offload.json ================================================ { "fp16": { "enabled": "auto", "loss_scale": 0, "loss_scale_window": 1000, "initial_scale_power": 16, "hysteresis": 2, "min_loss_scale": 1 }, "bf16": { "enabled": "auto" }, "optimizer": { "type": "AdamW", "params": { "lr": "auto", "betas": "auto", "eps": "auto", "weight_decay": "auto" } }, "scheduler": { "type": "WarmupLR", "params": { "warmup_min_lr": "auto", "warmup_max_lr": "auto", "warmup_num_steps": "auto" } }, "zero_optimization": { "stage": 3, "offload_optimizer": { "device": "cpu", "pin_memory": true }, "offload_param": { "device": "cpu", "pin_memory": true }, "overlap_comm": true, "contiguous_gradients": true, "sub_group_size": 1e9, "reduce_bucket_size": "auto", "stage3_prefetch_bucket_size": "auto", "stage3_param_persistence_threshold": "auto", "stage3_max_live_parameters": 1e9, "stage3_max_reuse_distance": 1e9, "gather_16bit_weights_on_model_save": true }, "gradient_accumulation_steps": "auto", "gradient_clipping": "auto", "train_batch_size": "auto", "train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu": "auto", "steps_per_print": 1e5, "wall_clock_breakdown": false } ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/tool/dpo_trainer.py ================================================ # DPO Authors: Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, and Chelsea Finn 2023 # Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import inspect import random from turtle import shape import warnings from collections import defaultdict from copy import deepcopy from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F from accelerate.utils import is_deepspeed_available from datasets import Dataset from torch.utils.data import DataLoader from transformers import ( AutoModelForCausalLM, DataCollator, PreTrainedModel, PreTrainedTokenizerBase, Trainer, TrainingArguments, ) from transformers.trainer_callback import TrainerCallback from transformers.trainer_utils import EvalLoopOutput # from ..import_utils import is_peft_available, is_wandb_available # from ..models import PreTrainedModelWrapper, create_reference_model # from .utils import DPODataCollatorWithPadding, disable_dropout_in_model, pad_to_length from trl.import_utils import is_peft_available, is_wandb_available from trl.models import PreTrainedModelWrapper, create_reference_model from trl.trainer.utils import DPODataCollatorWithPadding, disable_dropout_in_model, pad_to_length if is_peft_available(): from peft import PeftModel, get_peft_model, prepare_model_for_kbit_training if is_wandb_available(): import wandb if is_deepspeed_available(): import deepspeed class DPOTrainer(Trainer): r""" Initialize DPOTrainer. Args: model (`transformers.PreTrainedModel`): The model to train, preferably an `AutoModelForSequenceClassification`. ref_model (`PreTrainedModelWrapper`): Hugging Face transformer model with a casual language modelling head. Used for implicit reward computation and loss. If no reference model is provided, the trainer will create a reference model with the same architecture as the model to be optimized. beta (`float`, defaults to 0.1): The beta factor in DPO loss. Higher beta means less divergence from the initial policy. loss_type (`str`, defaults to `"sigmoid"`): The type of DPO loss to use. Either `"sigmoid"` the default DPO loss or `"hinge"` loss from SLiC paper. args (`transformers.TrainingArguments`): The arguments to use for training. data_collator (`transformers.DataCollator`): The data collator to use for training. If None is specified, the default data collator (`DPODataCollatorWithPadding`) will be used which will pad the sequences to the maximum length of the sequences in the batch, given a dataset of paired sequences. label_pad_token_id (`int`, defaults to `-100`): The label pad token id. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. padding_value (`int`, defaults to `0`): The padding value. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. truncation_mode (`str`, defaults to `keep_end`): The truncation mode to use, either `keep_end` or `keep_start`. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. train_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for training. eval_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for evaluation. tokenizer (`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase`): The tokenizer to use for training. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. model_init (`Callable[[], transformers.PreTrainedModel]`): The model initializer to use for training. If None is specified, the default model initializer will be used. callbacks (`List[transformers.TrainerCallback]`): The callbacks to use for training. optimizers (`Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR]`): The optimizer and scheduler to use for training. preprocess_logits_for_metrics (`Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]`): The function to use to preprocess the logits before computing the metrics. max_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the sequences in the batch. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_prompt_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the prompt. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_target_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the target. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator and your model is an encoder-decoder. peft_config (`Dict`, defaults to `None`): The PEFT configuration to use for training. If you pass a PEFT configuration, the model will be wrapped in a PEFT model. is_encoder_decoder (`Optional[bool]`, `optional`, defaults to `None`): If no model is provided, we need to know if the model_init returns an encoder-decoder. disable_dropout (`bool`, defaults to `True`): Whether or not to disable dropouts in `model` and `ref_model`. generate_during_eval (`bool`, defaults to `False`): Whether to sample and log generations during evaluation step. compute_metrics (`Callable[[EvalPrediction], Dict]`, *optional*): The function to use to compute the metrics. Must take a `EvalPrediction` and return a dictionary string to metric values. model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the model from a string ref_model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the ref model from a string """ def __init__( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str] = None, ref_model: Optional[Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str]] = None, beta: float = 0.1, loss_type: Literal["sigmoid", "hinge"] = "sigmoid", args: TrainingArguments = None, data_collator: Optional[DataCollator] = None, label_pad_token_id: int = -100, padding_value: int = 0, truncation_mode: str = "keep_end", train_dataset: Optional[Dataset] = None, eval_dataset: Optional[Union[Dataset, Dict[str, Dataset]]] = None, tokenizer: Optional[PreTrainedTokenizerBase] = None, model_init: Optional[Callable[[], PreTrainedModel]] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[TrainerCallback]] = None, optimizers: Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR] = ( None, None, ), preprocess_logits_for_metrics: Optional[Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, max_prompt_length: Optional[int] = None, max_target_length: Optional[int] = None, peft_config: Optional[Dict] = None, is_encoder_decoder: Optional[bool] = None, disable_dropout: bool = True, generate_during_eval: bool = False, compute_metrics: Optional[Callable[[EvalLoopOutput], Dict]] = None, model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ref_model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ): if model_init_kwargs is None: model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(model, str): raise ValueError("You passed model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your model is already instantiated.") if ref_model_init_kwargs is None: ref_model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(ref_model, str): raise ValueError( "You passed ref_model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your ref_model is already instantiated." ) if isinstance(model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM` or a `PeftModel` (if you passed a `peft_config`) for you." ) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model, **model_init_kwargs) if isinstance(ref_model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a ref model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM`" ) ref_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ref_model, **ref_model_init_kwargs) if not is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: raise ValueError( "PEFT is not installed and you passed a `peft_config` in the trainer's kwargs, please install it to use the PEFT models" ) elif is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: # if model is a peft model and we have a peft_config, we merge and unload it first if isinstance(model, PeftModel): # model = model.merge_and_unload() pass # from peft import get_peft_model # model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) if getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_8bit", False) or getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_4bit", False): _support_gc_kwargs = hasattr( args, "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" ) and "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" in list( inspect.signature(prepare_model_for_kbit_training).parameters ) preprare_model_kwargs = {"use_gradient_checkpointing": args.gradient_checkpointing} if _support_gc_kwargs: preprare_model_kwargs["gradient_checkpointing_kwargs"] = args.gradient_checkpointing_kwargs model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, **preprare_model_kwargs) elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) # get peft model with the given config model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) # For models that use gradient_checkpoiting, we need to attach a hook that enables input # to explicitly have `requires_grad=True`, otherwise training will either silently # fail or completely fail. elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) if generate_during_eval and not is_wandb_available(): raise ValueError( "`generate_during_eval=True` requires Weights and Biases to be installed." " Please install `wandb` to resolve." ) if model is not None: self.is_encoder_decoder = model.config.is_encoder_decoder elif is_encoder_decoder is None: raise ValueError("When no model is provided, you need to pass the parameter is_encoder_decoder.") else: self.is_encoder_decoder = is_encoder_decoder self.is_peft_model = is_peft_available() and isinstance(model, PeftModel) if ref_model: self.ref_model = ref_model elif self.is_peft_model: # The `model` with adapters turned off will be used as the reference model self.ref_model = None else: self.ref_model = create_reference_model(model) if data_collator is None: if tokenizer is None: raise ValueError( "max_length or a tokenizer must be specified when using the default DPODataCollatorWithPadding" ) if max_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `512` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_length = 512 if max_prompt_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_prompt_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_prompt_length = 128 if max_target_length is None and self.is_encoder_decoder: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding with an encoder decoder architecture, you should set `max_target_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_target_length = 128 data_collator = DPODataCollatorWithPadding( tokenizer, max_length=max_length, max_prompt_length=max_prompt_length, label_pad_token_id=label_pad_token_id, padding_value=padding_value, truncation_mode=truncation_mode, is_encoder_decoder=self.is_encoder_decoder, max_target_length=max_target_length, ) if args.remove_unused_columns: args.remove_unused_columns = False # warn users warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `remove_unused_columns=False` in your TrainingArguments" " we have set it for you, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) self.use_dpo_data_collator = True else: self.use_dpo_data_collator = False if disable_dropout: disable_dropout_in_model(model) if self.ref_model is not None: disable_dropout_in_model(self.ref_model) self.max_length = max_length self.generate_during_eval = generate_during_eval self.label_pad_token_id = label_pad_token_id self.padding_value = padding_value self.beta = beta self.loss_type = loss_type self._stored_metrics = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list)) super().__init__( model=model, args=args, data_collator=data_collator, train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=eval_dataset, tokenizer=tokenizer, model_init=model_init, compute_metrics=compute_metrics, callbacks=callbacks, optimizers=optimizers, preprocess_logits_for_metrics=preprocess_logits_for_metrics, ) if not hasattr(self, "accelerator"): raise AttributeError( "Your `Trainer` does not have an `accelerator` object. Consider upgrading `transformers`." ) if self.ref_model is None: if not hasattr(self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model), "disable_adapter"): raise ValueError( "You are using a `peft` version that does not support `disable_adapter`. Please update your `peft` version to the latest version." ) else: if self.is_deepspeed_enabled: self.ref_model = self._prepare_deepspeed(self.ref_model) else: self.ref_model = self.accelerator.prepare_model(self.ref_model, evaluation_mode=True) def _prepare_deepspeed(self, model: PreTrainedModelWrapper): # Adapted from accelerate: https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate/blob/739b135f8367becb67ffaada12fe76e3aa60fefd/src/accelerate/accelerator.py#L1473 deepspeed_plugin = self.accelerator.state.deepspeed_plugin config_kwargs = deepcopy(deepspeed_plugin.deepspeed_config) if model is not None: if hasattr(model, "config"): hidden_size = ( max(model.config.hidden_sizes) if getattr(model.config, "hidden_sizes", None) else getattr(model.config, "hidden_size", None) ) if hidden_size is not None and config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] == 3: # Note that `stage3_prefetch_bucket_size` can produce DeepSpeed messages like: `Invalidate trace cache @ step 0: expected module 1, but got module 0` # This is expected and is not an error, see: https://github.com/microsoft/DeepSpeed/discussions/4081 config_kwargs.update( { "zero_optimization.reduce_bucket_size": hidden_size * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_param_persistence_threshold": 10 * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_prefetch_bucket_size": 0.9 * hidden_size * hidden_size, } ) # If ZeRO-3 is used, we shard both the active and reference model. # Otherwise, we assume the reference model fits in memory and is initialized on each device with ZeRO disabled (stage 0) if config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] != 3: config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] = 0 model, *_ = deepspeed.initialize(model=model, config=config_kwargs) model.eval() return model def concatenated_inputs(self, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]]) -> Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]: """Concatenate the chosen and rejected inputs into a single tensor. Args: batch: A batch of data. Must contain the keys 'chosen_input_ids' and 'rejected_input_ids', which are tensors of shape (batch_size, sequence_length). Returns: A dictionary containing the concatenated inputs under the key 'concatenated_input_ids'. """ concatenated_batch = {} if self.is_encoder_decoder: max_length = max(batch["chosen_labels"].shape[1], batch["rejected_labels"].shape[1]) else: max_length = max(batch["chosen_input_ids"].shape[1], batch["rejected_input_ids"].shape[1]) for k in batch: if k.startswith("chosen") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor): pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("chosen", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value) for k in batch: if k.startswith("rejected") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor): pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("rejected", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = torch.cat( ( concatenated_batch[concatenated_key], pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value), ), dim=0, ).to(self.accelerator.device) if self.is_encoder_decoder: concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"] = batch["prompt_input_ids"].repeat(2, 1) concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"] = batch["prompt_attention_mask"].repeat(2, 1) return concatenated_batch def dpo_loss( self, policy_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, policy_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_free: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Compute the DPO loss for a batch of policy and reference model log probabilities. Args: policy_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) policy_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) beta: Temperature parameter for the DPO loss, typically something in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. We ignore the reference model as beta -> 0. reference_free: If True, we ignore the _provided_ reference model and implicitly use a reference model that assigns equal probability to all responses. Returns: A tuple of three tensors: (losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards). The losses tensor contains the DPO loss for each example in the batch. The chosen_rewards and rejected_rewards tensors contain the rewards for the chosen and rejected responses, respectively. """ pi_logratios = policy_chosen_logps - policy_rejected_logps ref_logratios = reference_chosen_logps - reference_rejected_logps if reference_free: ref_logratios = 0 logits = pi_logratios - ref_logratios if self.loss_type == "sigmoid": losses = -F.logsigmoid(self.beta * logits) elif self.loss_type == "hinge": losses = torch.relu(1 - self.beta * logits) else: raise ValueError(f"Unknown loss type: {self.loss_type}. Should be one of ['sigmoid', 'hinge']") chosen_rewards = self.beta * (policy_chosen_logps - reference_chosen_logps).detach() rejected_rewards = self.beta * (policy_rejected_logps - reference_rejected_logps).detach() return losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards def _get_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() logits = logits[:, :-1, :] loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id # dummy token; we'll ignore the losses on these tokens later labels[labels == self.label_pad_token_id] = 0 per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def _get_noisy_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, chosen_logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ # if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: # raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: new_chosen_logits = chosen_logits[:, :-1, :] logits = logits[:, :-1, :] labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id _, max_indices = torch.max(logits, dim=2) per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=max_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # Get top two indices (highest and second-highest logits) # _, top_two_indices = torch.topk(logits, 2, dim=2) # Check if the chosen label is the same as the highest logit # overlap_mask = top_two_indices[:,:,0] == labels # If there is an overlap, use the second highest logit, otherwise use the highest # chosen_indices = torch.where(overlap_mask, top_two_indices[:,:,1], top_two_indices[:,:,0]) # Gather the log probabilities for the chosen indices # per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=chosen_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def concatenated_forward( self, model: nn.Module, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]] ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Run the given model on the given batch of inputs, concatenating the chosen and rejected inputs together. We do this to avoid doing two forward passes, because it's faster for FSDP. """ concatenated_batch = self.concatenated_inputs(batch) len_chosen = batch["chosen_labels"].shape[0] chosen_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][:len_chosen] rejected_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][len_chosen:] chosen_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][:len_chosen] rejected_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][len_chosen:] chosen_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][:len_chosen] rejected_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][len_chosen:] chosen_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": chosen_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("chosen_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) rejected_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": rejected_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("rejected_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) chosen_logits = model( input_ids = chosen_batch, labels = chosen_label, images=batch['images'], attention_mask=chosen_mask, **chosen_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_chosen_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = chosen_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = chosen_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = chosen_label, images = batch['images'] ) chosen_logps = self._get_batch_logps( chosen_logits, new_chosen_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) rejected_logits = model( input_ids = rejected_batch, labels = rejected_label, images=batch['images'], attention_mask=rejected_mask, **rejected_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_rejected_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = rejected_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = rejected_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = rejected_label, images = batch['images'] ) rejected_logps = self._get_batch_logps( rejected_logits, new_rejected_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) return (chosen_logps, rejected_logps, chosen_logits, rejected_logits) def get_batch_metrics( self, model, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train", ): """Compute the DPO loss and other metrics for the given batch of inputs for train or test.""" metrics = {} ( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, policy_chosen_logits, policy_rejected_logits, ) = self.concatenated_forward(model, batch) with torch.no_grad(): if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, ) = self.concatenated_forward(self.model, batch) else: ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, ) = self.concatenated_forward(self.ref_model, batch) losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards = self.dpo_loss( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, ) reward_accuracies = (chosen_rewards > rejected_rewards).float() prefix = "eval_" if train_eval == "eval" else "" metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/chosen"] = chosen_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/rejected"] = rejected_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/accuracies"] = reward_accuracies.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/margins"] = (chosen_rewards - rejected_rewards).cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logits.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logits.detach().cpu().mean() return losses.mean(), metrics def compute_loss( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], return_outputs=False, ) -> Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor, Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]]: if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "compute_loss is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="train") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="train") if return_outputs: return (loss, metrics) return loss def get_batch_samples(self, model, batch: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]) -> Tuple[str, str]: """Generate samples from the model and reference model for the given batch of inputs.""" policy_output = model.generate( input_ids=batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): reference_output = self.model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) else: reference_output = self.ref_model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) policy_output = pad_to_length(policy_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) policy_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(policy_output, skip_special_tokens=True) reference_output = pad_to_length(reference_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) reference_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(reference_output, skip_special_tokens=True) return policy_output_decoded, reference_output_decoded def prediction_step( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], prediction_loss_only: bool, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, ): if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "prediction_step is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) if ignore_keys is None: if hasattr(model, "config"): ignore_keys = getattr(model.config, "keys_to_ignore_at_inference", []) else: ignore_keys = [] with torch.no_grad(): loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="eval") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="eval") if prediction_loss_only: return (loss.detach(), None, None) # logits for the chosen and rejected samples from model logits_dict = { "eval_logits/chosen": metrics["eval_logits/chosen"], "eval_logits/rejected": metrics["eval_logits/rejected"], } logits = tuple(v.unsqueeze(dim=0) for k, v in logits_dict.items() if k not in ignore_keys) logits = torch.stack(logits).mean(axis=1).to(self.accelerator.device) labels = torch.zeros(logits.shape[0], device=self.accelerator.device) return (loss.detach(), logits, labels) def store_metrics(self, metrics: Dict[str, float], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train") -> None: for key, value in metrics.items(): self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key].append(value) def evaluation_loop( self, dataloader: DataLoader, description: str, prediction_loss_only: Optional[bool] = None, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, metric_key_prefix: str = "eval", ) -> EvalLoopOutput: """ Overriding built-in evaluation loop to store metrics for each batch. Prediction/evaluation loop, shared by `Trainer.evaluate()` and `Trainer.predict()`. Works both with or without labels. """ # Sample and save to game log if requested (for one batch to save time) if self.generate_during_eval: # Generate random indices within the range of the total number of samples num_samples = len(dataloader.dataset) random_indices = random.sample(range(num_samples), k=self.args.eval_batch_size) # Use dataloader.dataset.select to get the random batch without iterating over the DataLoader random_batch_dataset = dataloader.dataset.select(random_indices) random_batch = self.data_collator(random_batch_dataset) random_batch = self._prepare_inputs(random_batch) policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded = self.get_batch_samples(self.model, random_batch) self.log( { "game_log": wandb.Table( columns=["Prompt", "Policy", "Ref Model"], rows=[ [prompt, pol[len(prompt) :], ref[len(prompt) :]] for prompt, pol, ref in zip( random_batch["prompt"], policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded ) ], ) } ) self.state.log_history.pop() # Base evaluation initial_output = super().evaluation_loop( dataloader, description, prediction_loss_only, ignore_keys, metric_key_prefix ) return initial_output def log(self, logs: Dict[str, float]) -> None: """ Log `logs` on the various objects watching training, including stored metrics. Args: logs (`Dict[str, float]`): The values to log. """ # logs either has 'loss' or 'eval_loss' train_eval = "train" if "loss" in logs else "eval" # Add averaged stored metrics to logs for key, metrics in self._stored_metrics[train_eval].items(): logs[key] = torch.tensor(metrics).mean().item() del self._stored_metrics[train_eval] return super().log(logs) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/tool/dpo_trainer_inherent.py ================================================ # DPO Authors: Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, and Chelsea Finn 2023 # Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved. # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import inspect import random from turtle import shape import warnings from collections import defaultdict from copy import deepcopy from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F from accelerate.utils import is_deepspeed_available from datasets import Dataset from torch.utils.data import DataLoader from transformers import ( AutoModelForCausalLM, DataCollator, PreTrainedModel, PreTrainedTokenizerBase, Trainer, TrainingArguments, ) from transformers.trainer_callback import TrainerCallback from transformers.trainer_utils import EvalLoopOutput from ..import_utils import is_peft_available, is_wandb_available from ..models import PreTrainedModelWrapper, create_reference_model from .utils import DPODataCollatorWithPadding, disable_dropout_in_model, pad_to_length if is_peft_available(): from peft import PeftModel, get_peft_model, prepare_model_for_kbit_training if is_wandb_available(): import wandb if is_deepspeed_available(): import deepspeed class DPOTrainer(Trainer): r""" Initialize DPOTrainer. Args: model (`transformers.PreTrainedModel`): The model to train, preferably an `AutoModelForSequenceClassification`. ref_model (`PreTrainedModelWrapper`): Hugging Face transformer model with a casual language modelling head. Used for implicit reward computation and loss. If no reference model is provided, the trainer will create a reference model with the same architecture as the model to be optimized. beta (`float`, defaults to 0.1): The beta factor in DPO loss. Higher beta means less divergence from the initial policy. loss_type (`str`, defaults to `"sigmoid"`): The type of DPO loss to use. Either `"sigmoid"` the default DPO loss or `"hinge"` loss from SLiC paper. args (`transformers.TrainingArguments`): The arguments to use for training. data_collator (`transformers.DataCollator`): The data collator to use for training. If None is specified, the default data collator (`DPODataCollatorWithPadding`) will be used which will pad the sequences to the maximum length of the sequences in the batch, given a dataset of paired sequences. label_pad_token_id (`int`, defaults to `-100`): The label pad token id. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. padding_value (`int`, defaults to `0`): The padding value. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. truncation_mode (`str`, defaults to `keep_end`): The truncation mode to use, either `keep_end` or `keep_start`. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. train_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for training. eval_dataset (`datasets.Dataset`): The dataset to use for evaluation. tokenizer (`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase`): The tokenizer to use for training. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. model_init (`Callable[[], transformers.PreTrainedModel]`): The model initializer to use for training. If None is specified, the default model initializer will be used. callbacks (`List[transformers.TrainerCallback]`): The callbacks to use for training. optimizers (`Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR]`): The optimizer and scheduler to use for training. preprocess_logits_for_metrics (`Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]`): The function to use to preprocess the logits before computing the metrics. max_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the sequences in the batch. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_prompt_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the prompt. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator. max_target_length (`int`, defaults to `None`): The maximum length of the target. This argument is required if you want to use the default data collator and your model is an encoder-decoder. peft_config (`Dict`, defaults to `None`): The PEFT configuration to use for training. If you pass a PEFT configuration, the model will be wrapped in a PEFT model. is_encoder_decoder (`Optional[bool]`, `optional`, defaults to `None`): If no model is provided, we need to know if the model_init returns an encoder-decoder. disable_dropout (`bool`, defaults to `True`): Whether or not to disable dropouts in `model` and `ref_model`. generate_during_eval (`bool`, defaults to `False`): Whether to sample and log generations during evaluation step. compute_metrics (`Callable[[EvalPrediction], Dict]`, *optional*): The function to use to compute the metrics. Must take a `EvalPrediction` and return a dictionary string to metric values. model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the model from a string ref_model_init_kwargs: (`Optional[Dict]`, *optional*): Dict of Optional kwargs to pass when instantiating the ref model from a string """ def __init__( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str] = None, ref_model: Optional[Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module, str]] = None, beta: float = 0.1, loss_type: Literal["sigmoid", "hinge"] = "sigmoid", args: TrainingArguments = None, data_collator: Optional[DataCollator] = None, label_pad_token_id: int = -100, padding_value: int = 0, truncation_mode: str = "keep_end", train_dataset: Optional[Dataset] = None, eval_dataset: Optional[Union[Dataset, Dict[str, Dataset]]] = None, tokenizer: Optional[PreTrainedTokenizerBase] = None, model_init: Optional[Callable[[], PreTrainedModel]] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[TrainerCallback]] = None, optimizers: Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR] = ( None, None, ), preprocess_logits_for_metrics: Optional[Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, max_prompt_length: Optional[int] = None, max_target_length: Optional[int] = None, peft_config: Optional[Dict] = None, is_encoder_decoder: Optional[bool] = None, disable_dropout: bool = True, generate_during_eval: bool = False, compute_metrics: Optional[Callable[[EvalLoopOutput], Dict]] = None, model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ref_model_init_kwargs: Optional[Dict] = None, ): if model_init_kwargs is None: model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(model, str): raise ValueError("You passed model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your model is already instantiated.") if ref_model_init_kwargs is None: ref_model_init_kwargs = {} elif not isinstance(ref_model, str): raise ValueError( "You passed ref_model_kwargs to the DPOTrainer. But your ref_model is already instantiated." ) if isinstance(model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM` or a `PeftModel` (if you passed a `peft_config`) for you." ) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model, **model_init_kwargs) if isinstance(ref_model, str): warnings.warn( "You passed a ref model_id to the DPOTrainer. This will automatically create an " "`AutoModelForCausalLM`" ) ref_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ref_model, **ref_model_init_kwargs) if not is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: raise ValueError( "PEFT is not installed and you passed a `peft_config` in the trainer's kwargs, please install it to use the PEFT models" ) elif is_peft_available() and peft_config is not None: # if model is a peft model and we have a peft_config, we merge and unload it first if isinstance(model, PeftModel): # model = model.merge_and_unload() pass # from peft import get_peft_model # model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) if getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_8bit", False) or getattr(model, "is_loaded_in_4bit", False): _support_gc_kwargs = hasattr( args, "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" ) and "gradient_checkpointing_kwargs" in list( inspect.signature(prepare_model_for_kbit_training).parameters ) preprare_model_kwargs = {"use_gradient_checkpointing": args.gradient_checkpointing} if _support_gc_kwargs: preprare_model_kwargs["gradient_checkpointing_kwargs"] = args.gradient_checkpointing_kwargs model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model, **preprare_model_kwargs) elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) # get peft model with the given config model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config) # For models that use gradient_checkpoiting, we need to attach a hook that enables input # to explicitly have `requires_grad=True`, otherwise training will either silently # fail or completely fail. elif getattr(args, "gradient_checkpointing", False): # For backward compatibility with older versions of transformers if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) if generate_during_eval and not is_wandb_available(): raise ValueError( "`generate_during_eval=True` requires Weights and Biases to be installed." " Please install `wandb` to resolve." ) if model is not None: self.is_encoder_decoder = model.config.is_encoder_decoder elif is_encoder_decoder is None: raise ValueError("When no model is provided, you need to pass the parameter is_encoder_decoder.") else: self.is_encoder_decoder = is_encoder_decoder self.is_peft_model = is_peft_available() and isinstance(model, PeftModel) if ref_model: self.ref_model = ref_model elif self.is_peft_model: # The `model` with adapters turned off will be used as the reference model self.ref_model = None else: self.ref_model = create_reference_model(model) if data_collator is None: if tokenizer is None: raise ValueError( "max_length or a tokenizer must be specified when using the default DPODataCollatorWithPadding" ) if max_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `512` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_length = 512 if max_prompt_length is None: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `max_prompt_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_prompt_length = 128 if max_target_length is None and self.is_encoder_decoder: warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding with an encoder decoder architecture, you should set `max_target_length` in the DPOTrainer's init" " it will be set to `128` by default, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) max_target_length = 128 data_collator = DPODataCollatorWithPadding( tokenizer, max_length=max_length, max_prompt_length=max_prompt_length, label_pad_token_id=label_pad_token_id, padding_value=padding_value, truncation_mode=truncation_mode, is_encoder_decoder=self.is_encoder_decoder, max_target_length=max_target_length, ) if args.remove_unused_columns: args.remove_unused_columns = False # warn users warnings.warn( "When using DPODataCollatorWithPadding, you should set `remove_unused_columns=False` in your TrainingArguments" " we have set it for you, but you should do it yourself in the future.", UserWarning, ) self.use_dpo_data_collator = True else: self.use_dpo_data_collator = False if disable_dropout: disable_dropout_in_model(model) if self.ref_model is not None: disable_dropout_in_model(self.ref_model) self.max_length = max_length self.generate_during_eval = generate_during_eval self.label_pad_token_id = label_pad_token_id self.padding_value = padding_value self.beta = beta self.loss_type = loss_type self._stored_metrics = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list)) super().__init__( model=model, args=args, data_collator=data_collator, train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=eval_dataset, tokenizer=tokenizer, model_init=model_init, compute_metrics=compute_metrics, callbacks=callbacks, optimizers=optimizers, preprocess_logits_for_metrics=preprocess_logits_for_metrics, ) if not hasattr(self, "accelerator"): raise AttributeError( "Your `Trainer` does not have an `accelerator` object. Consider upgrading `transformers`." ) if self.ref_model is None: if not hasattr(self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model), "disable_adapter"): raise ValueError( "You are using a `peft` version that does not support `disable_adapter`. Please update your `peft` version to the latest version." ) else: if self.is_deepspeed_enabled: self.ref_model = self._prepare_deepspeed(self.ref_model) else: self.ref_model = self.accelerator.prepare_model(self.ref_model, evaluation_mode=True) def _prepare_deepspeed(self, model: PreTrainedModelWrapper): # Adapted from accelerate: https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate/blob/739b135f8367becb67ffaada12fe76e3aa60fefd/src/accelerate/accelerator.py#L1473 deepspeed_plugin = self.accelerator.state.deepspeed_plugin config_kwargs = deepcopy(deepspeed_plugin.deepspeed_config) if model is not None: if hasattr(model, "config"): hidden_size = ( max(model.config.hidden_sizes) if getattr(model.config, "hidden_sizes", None) else getattr(model.config, "hidden_size", None) ) if hidden_size is not None and config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] == 3: # Note that `stage3_prefetch_bucket_size` can produce DeepSpeed messages like: `Invalidate trace cache @ step 0: expected module 1, but got module 0` # This is expected and is not an error, see: https://github.com/microsoft/DeepSpeed/discussions/4081 config_kwargs.update( { "zero_optimization.reduce_bucket_size": hidden_size * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_param_persistence_threshold": 10 * hidden_size, "zero_optimization.stage3_prefetch_bucket_size": 0.9 * hidden_size * hidden_size, } ) # If ZeRO-3 is used, we shard both the active and reference model. # Otherwise, we assume the reference model fits in memory and is initialized on each device with ZeRO disabled (stage 0) if config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] != 3: config_kwargs["zero_optimization"]["stage"] = 0 model, *_ = deepspeed.initialize(model=model, config=config_kwargs) model.eval() return model def concatenated_inputs(self, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]]) -> Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]: """Concatenate the chosen and rejected inputs into a single tensor. Args: batch: A batch of data. Must contain the keys 'chosen_input_ids' and 'rejected_input_ids', which are tensors of shape (batch_size, sequence_length). Returns: A dictionary containing the concatenated inputs under the key 'concatenated_input_ids'. """ concatenated_batch = {} if self.is_encoder_decoder: max_length = max(batch["chosen_labels"].shape[1], batch["rejected_labels"].shape[1]) else: max_length = max(batch["chosen_input_ids"].shape[1], batch["rejected_input_ids"].shape[1]) for k in batch: if k.startswith("chosen") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor): pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("chosen", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value) for k in batch: if k.startswith("rejected") and isinstance(batch[k], torch.Tensor): pad_value = self.label_pad_token_id if "labels" in k or self.is_encoder_decoder else self.padding_value concatenated_key = k.replace("rejected", "concatenated") concatenated_batch[concatenated_key] = torch.cat( ( concatenated_batch[concatenated_key], pad_to_length(batch[k], max_length, pad_value=pad_value), ), dim=0, ).to(self.accelerator.device) if self.is_encoder_decoder: concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"] = batch["prompt_input_ids"].repeat(2, 1) concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"] = batch["prompt_attention_mask"].repeat(2, 1) return concatenated_batch def dpo_loss( self, policy_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, policy_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_chosen_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_rejected_logps: torch.FloatTensor, reference_free: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Compute the DPO loss for a batch of policy and reference model log probabilities. Args: policy_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) policy_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the policy model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_chosen_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the chosen responses. Shape: (batch_size,) reference_rejected_logps: Log probabilities of the reference model for the rejected responses. Shape: (batch_size,) beta: Temperature parameter for the DPO loss, typically something in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. We ignore the reference model as beta -> 0. reference_free: If True, we ignore the _provided_ reference model and implicitly use a reference model that assigns equal probability to all responses. Returns: A tuple of three tensors: (losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards). The losses tensor contains the DPO loss for each example in the batch. The chosen_rewards and rejected_rewards tensors contain the rewards for the chosen and rejected responses, respectively. """ pi_logratios = policy_chosen_logps - policy_rejected_logps ref_logratios = reference_chosen_logps - reference_rejected_logps if reference_free: ref_logratios = 0 logits = pi_logratios - ref_logratios if self.loss_type == "sigmoid": losses = -F.logsigmoid(self.beta * logits) elif self.loss_type == "hinge": losses = torch.relu(1 - self.beta * logits) else: raise ValueError(f"Unknown loss type: {self.loss_type}. Should be one of ['sigmoid', 'hinge']") chosen_rewards = self.beta * (policy_chosen_logps - reference_chosen_logps).detach() rejected_rewards = self.beta * (policy_rejected_logps - reference_rejected_logps).detach() return losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards def _get_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() logits = logits[:, :-1, :] loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id # dummy token; we'll ignore the losses on these tokens later labels[labels == self.label_pad_token_id] = 0 per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def _get_noisy_batch_logps( self, logits: torch.FloatTensor, chosen_logits: torch.FloatTensor, labels: torch.LongTensor, average_log_prob: bool = False, ) -> torch.FloatTensor: """Compute the log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. Args: logits: Logits of the model (unnormalized). Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length, vocab_size) labels: Labels for which to compute the log probabilities. Label tokens with a value of label_pad_token_id are ignored. Shape: (batch_size, sequence_length) average_log_prob: If True, return the average log probability per (non-masked) token. Otherwise, return the sum of the log probabilities of the (non-masked) tokens. Returns: A tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing the average/sum log probabilities of the given labels under the given logits. """ # if logits.shape[:-1] != labels.shape: # raise ValueError("Logits (batch and sequence length dim) and labels must have the same shape.") if not self.is_encoder_decoder: new_chosen_logits = chosen_logits[:, :-1, :] logits = logits[:, :-1, :] labels = labels[:, 1:].clone() loss_mask = labels != self.label_pad_token_id _, max_indices = torch.max(logits, dim=2) per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=max_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # Get top two indices (highest and second-highest logits) # _, top_two_indices = torch.topk(logits, 2, dim=2) # Check if the chosen label is the same as the highest logit # overlap_mask = top_two_indices[:,:,0] == labels # If there is an overlap, use the second highest logit, otherwise use the highest # chosen_indices = torch.where(overlap_mask, top_two_indices[:,:,1], top_two_indices[:,:,0]) # Gather the log probabilities for the chosen indices # per_token_logps = torch.gather(new_chosen_logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=chosen_indices.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) # per_token_logps = torch.gather(logits.log_softmax(-1), dim=2, index=labels.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2) if average_log_prob: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) / loss_mask.sum(-1) else: return (per_token_logps * loss_mask).sum(-1) def concatenated_multi_forward( self, model: nn.Module, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]] ) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor, torch.FloatTensor]: """Run the given model on the given batch of inputs, concatenating the chosen and rejected inputs together. We do this to avoid doing two forward passes, because it's faster for FSDP. """ concatenated_batch = self.concatenated_inputs(batch) len_chosen = batch["chosen_labels"].shape[0] chosen_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][:len_chosen] rejected_batch = concatenated_batch["concatenated_input_ids"][len_chosen:] chosen_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][:len_chosen] rejected_mask = concatenated_batch["concatenated_attention_mask"][len_chosen:] chosen_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][:len_chosen] rejected_label = concatenated_batch["concatenated_labels"][len_chosen:] chosen_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": chosen_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("chosen_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) rejected_model_kwargs = ( { "labels": rejected_label, "decoder_input_ids": concatenated_batch.pop("rejected_decoder_input_ids", None), } if self.is_encoder_decoder else {} ) chosen_logits = model( input_ids = chosen_batch, labels = chosen_label, images=batch['images'], attention_mask=chosen_mask, **chosen_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_chosen_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = chosen_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = chosen_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = chosen_label, images = batch['images'] ) chosen_logps = self._get_batch_logps( chosen_logits, new_chosen_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) rejected_logits_own = model( input_ids = chosen_batch, labels = chosen_label, images=batch['images_noisy'], attention_mask=chosen_mask, **chosen_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) _, _, _, _, _, new_rejected_labels = self.model.prepare_inputs_labels_for_multimodal( input_ids = rejected_batch, position_ids = None, attention_mask = rejected_mask, past_key_values = None, labels = rejected_label, images = batch['images_noisy'] ) rejected_logits = model( input_ids = rejected_batch, labels = rejected_label, images=batch['images'], attention_mask=rejected_mask, **rejected_model_kwargs, ).logits.to(torch.float32) rejected_logps = self._get_batch_logps( rejected_logits, new_rejected_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) rejected_own_logps = self._get_noisy_batch_logps( rejected_logits_own, chosen_logits, new_chosen_labels, average_log_prob=False, ) return (chosen_logps, rejected_logps, chosen_logits, rejected_logits, rejected_own_logps) def get_batch_metrics( self, model, batch: Dict[str, Union[List, torch.LongTensor]], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train", ): """Compute the DPO loss and other metrics for the given batch of inputs for train or test.""" metrics = {} ( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, policy_chosen_logits, policy_rejected_logits, rejected_own_logps, ) = self.concatenated_multi_forward(model, batch) with torch.no_grad(): if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, reference_rejected_own_logps, ) = self.concatenated_multi_forward(self.model, batch) else: ( reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, _, _, reference_rejected_own_logps, ) = self.concatenated_multi_forward(self.ref_model, batch) self_losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards = self.dpo_loss( policy_chosen_logps, rejected_own_logps, reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_own_logps, ) losses, chosen_rewards, rejected_rewards = self.dpo_loss( policy_chosen_logps, policy_rejected_logps, reference_chosen_logps, reference_rejected_logps, ) losses = 0.5 * self_losses + 0.5 * losses reward_accuracies = (chosen_rewards > rejected_rewards).float() prefix = "eval_" if train_eval == "eval" else "" metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/chosen"] = chosen_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/rejected"] = rejected_rewards.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/accuracies"] = reward_accuracies.cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}rewards/margins"] = (chosen_rewards - rejected_rewards).cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logps/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logps.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/rejected"] = policy_rejected_logits.detach().cpu().mean() metrics[f"{prefix}logits/chosen"] = policy_chosen_logits.detach().cpu().mean() return losses.mean(), metrics def compute_loss( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], return_outputs=False, ) -> Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor, Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]]: if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "compute_loss is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="train") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="train") if return_outputs: return (loss, metrics) return loss def get_batch_samples(self, model, batch: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]) -> Tuple[str, str]: """Generate samples from the model and reference model for the given batch of inputs.""" policy_output = model.generate( input_ids=batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) if self.ref_model is None: with self.accelerator.unwrap_model(self.model).disable_adapter(): reference_output = self.model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) else: reference_output = self.ref_model.generate( batch["prompt_input_ids"], attention_mask=batch["prompt_attention_mask"], max_length=self.max_length, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) policy_output = pad_to_length(policy_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) policy_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(policy_output, skip_special_tokens=True) reference_output = pad_to_length(reference_output, self.max_length, self.tokenizer.pad_token_id) reference_output_decoded = self.tokenizer.batch_decode(reference_output, skip_special_tokens=True) return policy_output_decoded, reference_output_decoded def prediction_step( self, model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module], inputs: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, Any]], prediction_loss_only: bool, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, ): if not self.use_dpo_data_collator: warnings.warn( "prediction_step is only implemented for DPODataCollatorWithPadding, and you passed a datacollator that is different than " "DPODataCollatorWithPadding - you might see unexpected behavior. Alternatively, you can implement your own prediction_step method if you are using a custom data collator" ) if ignore_keys is None: if hasattr(model, "config"): ignore_keys = getattr(model.config, "keys_to_ignore_at_inference", []) else: ignore_keys = [] with torch.no_grad(): loss, metrics = self.get_batch_metrics(model, inputs, train_eval="eval") # force log the metrics if self.accelerator.is_main_process: self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval="eval") if prediction_loss_only: return (loss.detach(), None, None) # logits for the chosen and rejected samples from model logits_dict = { "eval_logits/chosen": metrics["eval_logits/chosen"], "eval_logits/rejected": metrics["eval_logits/rejected"], } logits = tuple(v.unsqueeze(dim=0) for k, v in logits_dict.items() if k not in ignore_keys) logits = torch.stack(logits).mean(axis=1).to(self.accelerator.device) labels = torch.zeros(logits.shape[0], device=self.accelerator.device) return (loss.detach(), logits, labels) def store_metrics(self, metrics: Dict[str, float], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train") -> None: for key, value in metrics.items(): self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key].append(value) def evaluation_loop( self, dataloader: DataLoader, description: str, prediction_loss_only: Optional[bool] = None, ignore_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None, metric_key_prefix: str = "eval", ) -> EvalLoopOutput: """ Overriding built-in evaluation loop to store metrics for each batch. Prediction/evaluation loop, shared by `Trainer.evaluate()` and `Trainer.predict()`. Works both with or without labels. """ # Sample and save to game log if requested (for one batch to save time) if self.generate_during_eval: # Generate random indices within the range of the total number of samples num_samples = len(dataloader.dataset) random_indices = random.sample(range(num_samples), k=self.args.eval_batch_size) # Use dataloader.dataset.select to get the random batch without iterating over the DataLoader random_batch_dataset = dataloader.dataset.select(random_indices) random_batch = self.data_collator(random_batch_dataset) random_batch = self._prepare_inputs(random_batch) policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded = self.get_batch_samples(self.model, random_batch) self.log( { "game_log": wandb.Table( columns=["Prompt", "Policy", "Ref Model"], rows=[ [prompt, pol[len(prompt) :], ref[len(prompt) :]] for prompt, pol, ref in zip( random_batch["prompt"], policy_output_decoded, ref_output_decoded ) ], ) } ) self.state.log_history.pop() # Base evaluation initial_output = super().evaluation_loop( dataloader, description, prediction_loss_only, ignore_keys, metric_key_prefix ) return initial_output def log(self, logs: Dict[str, float]) -> None: """ Log `logs` on the various objects watching training, including stored metrics. Args: logs (`Dict[str, float]`): The values to log. """ # logs either has 'loss' or 'eval_loss' train_eval = "train" if "loss" in logs else "eval" # Add averaged stored metrics to logs for key, metrics in self._stored_metrics[train_eval].items(): logs[key] = torch.tensor(metrics).mean().item() del self._stored_metrics[train_eval] return super().log(logs) ================================================ FILE: train/dpo/train_dpo_2stages.py ================================================ # Adopted from https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat. Below is the original copyright: # Adopted from tatsu-lab@stanford_alpaca. Below is the original copyright: # Copyright 2023 Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import copy from dataclasses import dataclass, field import json import logging import pathlib from typing import Dict, Optional, Sequence, List import torch import transformers from torchvision import transforms import sys from llava.constants import ( IGNORE_INDEX, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN,· DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN, DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN, ) from torch.utils.data import Dataset from llava_trainer_2stages import LLaVATrainer from llava import conversation as conversation_lib from llava.model import * from llava.mm_utils import tokenizer_image_token from llava.model.builder import load_pretrained_model from llava.utils import disable_torch_init from llava.mm_utils import ( tokenizer_image_token, get_model_name_from_path, KeywordsStoppingCriteria, ) from PIL import Image import numpy as np from PIL import ImageFilter import wandb from tqdm import tqdm import warnings warnings.simplefilter(action="ignore", category=FutureWarning) warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=UserWarning) import debugpy # rank = int(os.getenv('RANK', '0')) # port = 5678 + rank # 基础端口 + 进程ID # debugpy.listen(port) # print(f"Process {rank} waiting for debugger to attach on port {port}...") # debugpy.wait_for_client() wandb.login(key="4f4b3d8a51a979a9063d7c842ee7e6dcd4be7d25") # os.environ["WANDB_MODE"] = "offline" local_rank = None def rank0_print(*args): if local_rank == 0: print(*args) def pil_to_tensor(image): transform = transforms.ToTensor() return transform(image) def tensor_to_pil(tensor): transform = transforms.ToPILImage() return transform(tensor) def add_gaussian_noise(image, mean=0.0, stddev=0.1): image_np = np.array(image).astype(np.float32) / 255.0 # 标准化到 [0, 1] noise = np.random.normal(mean, stddev, image_np.shape) noisy_image_np = image_np + noise noisy_image_np = np.clip(noisy_image_np, 0.0, 1.0) noisy_image = Image.fromarray((noisy_image_np * 255).astype(np.uint8)) return noisy_image def generate_gaussian_noise(image, mean=0.0, stddev=0.1): image_shape = np.array(image).shape noise = np.random.normal(mean, stddev, image_shape).astype(np.float32) noise_clipped = np.clip(noise, 0.0, 1.0) noisy_image = Image.fromarray((noise_clipped * 255).astype(np.uint8)) return noisy_image def add_diffusion_noise(image_tensor, noise_step): num_steps = 1000 # Number of diffusion steps # decide beta in each step betas = torch.linspace(-6, 6, num_steps) betas = torch.sigmoid(betas) * (0.5e-2 - 1e-5) + 1e-5 # decide alphas in each step alphas = 1 - betas alphas_prod = torch.cumprod(alphas, dim=0) alphas_prod_p = torch.cat( [torch.tensor([1]).float(), alphas_prod[:-1]], 0 ) # p for previous alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_log = torch.log(1 - alphas_prod) one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt = torch.sqrt(1 - alphas_prod) def q_x(x_0, t): noise = torch.randn_like(x_0) alphas_t = alphas_bar_sqrt[t] alphas_1_m_t = one_minus_alphas_bar_sqrt[t] return alphas_t * x_0 + alphas_1_m_t * noise noise_delta = int(noise_step) # from 0-999 noisy_image = image_tensor.clone() image_tensor_cd = q_x(noisy_image, noise_step) return image_tensor_cd @dataclass class ModelArguments: model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(default="facebook/opt-125m") version: Optional[str] = field(default="v0") freeze_backbone: bool = field(default=False) tune_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) vision_tower: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_vision_select_layer: Optional[int] = field( default=-1 ) # default to the last layer pretrain_mm_mlp_adapter: Optional[str] = field(default=None) mm_projector_type: Optional[str] = field(default="linear") mm_use_im_start_end: bool = field(default=False) mm_use_im_patch_token: bool = field(default=True) mm_vision_select_feature: Optional[str] = field(default="patch") mm_patch_merge_type: Optional[str] = field(default="flat") lora_checkpoint_path: Optional[str] = field(default=None) @dataclass class DataArguments: data_path: str = field( default=None, metadata={"help": "Path to the training data."} ) lazy_preprocess: bool = False is_multimodal: bool = False image_folder: Optional[str] = field(default=None) image_aspect_ratio: str = "square" @dataclass class TrainingArguments(transformers.TrainingArguments): cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None) optim: str = field(default="adamw_torch") remove_unused_columns: bool = field(default=False) freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: bool = field(default=False) mpt_attn_impl: Optional[str] = field(default="triton") model_max_length: int = field( default=1048, metadata={ "help": "Maximum sequence length. Sequences will be right padded (and possibly truncated)." }, ) double_quant: bool = field( default=True, metadata={ "help": "Compress the quantization statistics through double quantization." }, ) quant_type: str = field( default="nf4", metadata={ "help": "Quantization data type to use. Should be one of `fp4` or `nf4`." }, ) bits: int = field(default=16, metadata={"help": "How many bits to use."}) lora_enable: bool = False lora_r: int = 64 lora_alpha: int = 16 lora_dropout: float = 0.05 lora_weight_path: str = "" lora_bias: str = "none" mm_projector_lr: Optional[float] = None group_by_modality_length: bool = field(default=False) def maybe_zero_3(param, ignore_status=False, name=None): from deepspeed import zero from deepspeed.runtime.zero.partition_parameters import ZeroParamStatus if hasattr(param, "ds_id"): if param.ds_status == ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: if not ignore_status: logging.warning( f"{name}: param.ds_status != ZeroParamStatus.NOT_AVAILABLE: {param.ds_status}" ) with zero.GatheredParameters([param]): param = param.data.detach().cpu().clone() else: param = param.detach().cpu().clone() return param # Borrowed from peft.utils.get_peft_model_state_dict def get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, bias): if bias == "none": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k} elif bias == "all": to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" in k or "bias" in k} elif bias == "lora_only": to_return = {} maybe_lora_bias = {} lora_bias_names = set() for k, t in named_params: if "lora_" in k: to_return[k] = t bias_name = k.split("lora_")[0] + "bias" lora_bias_names.add(bias_name) elif "bias" in k: maybe_lora_bias[k] = t for k, t in maybe_lora_bias: if bias_name in lora_bias_names: to_return[bias_name] = t else: raise NotImplementedError to_return = {k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True) for k, v in to_return.items()} return to_return def get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3(named_params, require_grad_only=True): to_return = {k: t for k, t in named_params if "lora_" not in k} if require_grad_only: to_return = {k: t for k, t in to_return.items() if t.requires_grad} to_return = { k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items() } return to_return def get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3(named_params, keys_to_match): to_return = { k: t for k, t in named_params if any(key_match in k for key_match in keys_to_match) } to_return = { k: maybe_zero_3(v, ignore_status=True).cpu() for k, v in to_return.items() } return to_return def find_all_linear_names(model): cls = torch.nn.Linear lora_module_names = set() multimodal_keywords = ["mm_projector", "vision_tower", "vision_resampler"] for name, module in model.named_modules(): if any(mm_keyword in name for mm_keyword in multimodal_keywords): continue if isinstance(module, cls): names = name.split(".") lora_module_names.add(names[0] if len(names) == 1 else names[-1]) if "lm_head" in lora_module_names: # needed for 16-bit lora_module_names.remove("lm_head") return list(lora_module_names) def safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer(trainer: transformers.Trainer, output_dir: str): """Collects the state dict and dump to disk.""" if getattr(trainer.args, "tune_mm_mlp_adapter", False): # Only save Adapter keys_to_match = ["mm_projector"] if getattr(trainer.args, "use_im_start_end", False): keys_to_match.extend(["embed_tokens", "embed_in"]) weight_to_save = get_mm_adapter_state_maybe_zero_3( trainer.model.named_parameters(), keys_to_match ) trainer.model.config.save_pretrained(output_dir) current_folder = output_dir.split("/")[-1] parent_folder = os.path.dirname(output_dir) if trainer.args.local_rank == 0 or trainer.args.local_rank == -1: if current_folder.startswith("checkpoint-"): mm_projector_folder = os.path.join(parent_folder, "mm_projector") os.makedirs(mm_projector_folder, exist_ok=True) torch.save( weight_to_save, os.path.join(mm_projector_folder, f"{current_folder}.bin"), ) else: torch.save( weight_to_save, os.path.join(output_dir, f"mm_projector.bin") ) return if trainer.deepspeed: torch.cuda.synchronize() trainer.save_model(output_dir) return state_dict = trainer.model.state_dict() if trainer.args.should_save: cpu_state_dict = {key: value.cpu() for key, value in state_dict.items()} del state_dict trainer._save(output_dir, state_dict=cpu_state_dict) # noqa def smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict: Dict, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, model: transformers.PreTrainedModel, ): """Resize tokenizer and embedding. Note: This is the unoptimized version that may make your embedding size not be divisible by 64. """ num_new_tokens = tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special_tokens_dict) model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer)) if num_new_tokens > 0: input_embeddings = model.get_input_embeddings().weight.data output_embeddings = model.get_output_embeddings().weight.data input_embeddings_avg = input_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True ) output_embeddings_avg = output_embeddings[:-num_new_tokens].mean( dim=0, keepdim=True ) input_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = input_embeddings_avg output_embeddings[-num_new_tokens:] = output_embeddings_avg def _tokenize_fn( strings: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer ) -> Dict: """Tokenize a list of strings.""" tokenized_list = [ tokenizer( text, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ) for text in strings ] input_ids = labels = [tokenized.input_ids[0] for tokenized in tokenized_list] input_ids_lens = labels_lens = [ tokenized.input_ids.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum().item() for tokenized in tokenized_list ] return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels, input_ids_lens=input_ids_lens, labels_lens=labels_lens, ) def _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers): # cur_idx = 0 cur_idx = tokenized_lens[0] tokenized_lens = tokenized_lens[1:] target[:cur_idx] = IGNORE_INDEX for tokenized_len, speaker in zip(tokenized_lens, speakers): if speaker == "human": target[cur_idx + 2 : cur_idx + tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_idx += tokenized_len def _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source, get_conversation=True): """Add speaker and start/end signal on each round.""" BEGIN_SIGNAL = "### " END_SIGNAL = "\n" conversation = header for sentence in source: from_str = sentence["from"] if from_str.lower() == "human": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[0] elif from_str.lower() == "gpt": from_str = conversation_lib.default_conversation.roles[1] else: from_str = "unknown" sentence["value"] = ( BEGIN_SIGNAL + from_str + ": " + sentence["value"] + END_SIGNAL ) if get_conversation: conversation += sentence["value"] conversation += BEGIN_SIGNAL return conversation def preprocess_multimodal(sources: Sequence[str], data_args: DataArguments) -> Dict: is_multimodal = data_args.is_multimodal if not is_multimodal: return sources for source in sources: for sentence in source: if DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in sentence["value"]: sentence["value"] = ( sentence["value"].replace(DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, "").strip() ) sentence["value"] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + "\n" + sentence["value"] sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].strip() if "mmtag" in conversation_lib.default_conversation.version: sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].replace( DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, "" + DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + "", ) replace_token = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN if data_args.mm_use_im_start_end: replace_token = ( DEFAULT_IM_START_TOKEN + replace_token + DEFAULT_IM_END_TOKEN ) sentence["value"] = sentence["value"].replace( DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN, replace_token ) return sources def preprocess_llama_2( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack( [ tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors="pt") for prompt in conversations ], dim=0, ) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2 # Mask targets sep = "[/INST] " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) return dict( input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets, ) def preprocess_v1( sources, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1, ) -> Dict: conv = conversation_lib.default_conversation.copy() roles = {"human": conv.roles[0], "gpt": conv.roles[1]} # Apply prompt templates conversations = [] prompts = [] for i, source in enumerate(sources): if roles[source[0]["from"]] != conv.roles[0]: # Skip the first one if it is not from human source = source[1:] conv.messages = [] for j, sentence in enumerate(source): role = roles[sentence["from"]] assert role == conv.roles[j % 2], f"{i}" conv.append_message(role, sentence["value"]) if j == 0: prompts.append(conv.get_prompt() + conv.roles[1] + ": ") conversations.append(conv.get_prompt()) # Tokenize conversations if has_image: input_ids = torch.stack( [ tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors="pt") for prompt in conversations ], dim=0, ) prompt_input_ids = torch.stack( [ tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors="pt") for prompt in prompts ], dim=0, ) else: input_ids = tokenizer( conversations, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids prompt_input_ids = tokenizer( prompts, return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", max_length=tokenizer.model_max_length, truncation=True, ).input_ids targets = input_ids.clone() assert conv.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.TWO # Mask targets sep = conv.sep + conv.roles[1] + ": " for conversation, target in zip(conversations, targets): total_len = int(target.ne(tokenizer.pad_token_id).sum()) rounds = conversation.split(conv.sep2) cur_len = 1 target[:cur_len] = IGNORE_INDEX for i, rou in enumerate(rounds): if rou == "": break parts = rou.split(sep) if len(parts) != 2: break parts[0] += sep if has_image: round_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(rou, tokenizer)) instruction_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(parts[0], tokenizer)) - 2 else: round_len = len(tokenizer(rou).input_ids) instruction_len = len(tokenizer(parts[0]).input_ids) - 2 target[cur_len : cur_len + instruction_len] = IGNORE_INDEX cur_len += round_len target[cur_len:] = IGNORE_INDEX if cur_len < tokenizer.model_max_length: if cur_len != total_len: target[:] = IGNORE_INDEX print( f"WARNING: tokenization mismatch: {cur_len} vs. {total_len}." f" (ignored)" ) if chosen == 1: return dict( chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt=prompts, prompt_input_ids=prompt_input_ids, ) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) def preprocess_plain( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, ) -> Dict: # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: assert len(source) == 2 assert DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN in source[0]["value"] source[0]["value"] = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN conversation = ( source[0]["value"] + source[1]["value"] + conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep ) conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations input_ids = [ tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors="pt") for prompt in conversations ] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): tokenized_len = len(tokenizer_image_token(source[0]["value"], tokenizer)) target[:tokenized_len] = IGNORE_INDEX return dict(input_ids=input_ids, labels=targets) def preprocess( sources: Sequence[str], tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, has_image: bool = False, chosen: int = 1, ) -> Dict: """ Given a list of sources, each is a conversation list. This transform: 1. Add signal '### ' at the beginning each sentence, with end signal '\n'; 2. Concatenate conversations together; 3. Tokenize the concatenated conversation; 4. Make a deepcopy as the target. Mask human words with IGNORE_INDEX. """ if ( conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.PLAIN ): return preprocess_plain(sources, tokenizer) if ( conversation_lib.default_conversation.sep_style == conversation_lib.SeparatorStyle.LLAMA_2 ): return preprocess_llama_2(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version.startswith("v1"): return preprocess_v1(sources, tokenizer, has_image=has_image, chosen=chosen) if conversation_lib.default_conversation.version == "mpt": return preprocess_mpt(sources, tokenizer) # add end signal and concatenate together conversations = [] for source in sources: header = f"{conversation_lib.default_conversation.system}\n\n" conversation = _add_speaker_and_signal(header, source) conversations.append(conversation) # tokenize conversations def get_tokenize_len(prompts): return [len(tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer)) for prompt in prompts] if has_image: input_ids = [ tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, return_tensors="pt") for prompt in conversations ] else: conversations_tokenized = _tokenize_fn(conversations, tokenizer) input_ids = conversations_tokenized["input_ids"] targets = copy.deepcopy(input_ids) for target, source in zip(targets, sources): if has_image: tokenized_lens = get_tokenize_len([header] + [s["value"] for s in source]) else: tokenized_lens = _tokenize_fn( [header] + [s["value"] for s in source], tokenizer )["input_ids_lens"] speakers = [sentence["from"] for sentence in source] _mask_targets(target, tokenized_lens, speakers) if chosen == 1: return dict( chosen_input_ids=input_ids, chosen_labels=targets, prompt=conversations[0] ) else: return dict(rejected_input_ids=input_ids, rejected_labels=targets) class LazySupervisedDataset(Dataset): """Dataset for supervised fine-tuning.""" def __init__( self, data_path: str, tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args: DataArguments, ): super(LazySupervisedDataset, self).__init__() list_data_dict = json.load(open(data_path, "r")) rank0_print("Formatting inputs...Skip in lazy mode") self.tokenizer = tokenizer self.list_data_dict = list_data_dict self.data_args = data_args def __len__(self): return len(self.list_data_dict) @property def lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: img_tokens = 128 if "image" in sample else 0 length_list.append( sum(len(conv["value"].split()) for conv in sample["conversations"]) + img_tokens ) return length_list @property def modality_lengths(self): length_list = [] for sample in self.list_data_dict: cur_len = sum( len(conv["value"].split()) for conv in sample["conversations"] ) cur_len = cur_len if "images" in sample else -cur_len length_list.append(cur_len) return length_list def __getitem__(self, i) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if "image" in sources[0]: image_file = self.list_data_dict[i]["image"] image_folder = self.data_args.image_folder processor = self.data_args.image_processor image = Image.open(os.path.join(image_folder, image_file)).convert("RGB") if self.list_data_dict[i].get("rejected_noised") == 1: rejected_image = generate_gaussian_noise(image,mean=0.0, stddev=1) # tqdm.write('generating gaussian noise for the image') elif self.list_data_dict[i].get("chosen_noised") == 1: image = generate_gaussian_noise(image,mean=0.0, stddev=1) rejected_image=image tqdm.write('generating gaussian noise for chosen image') else: rejected_image=image if self.data_args.image_aspect_ratio == "pad": def expand2square(pil_img, background_color): width, height = pil_img.size if width == height: return pil_img elif width > height: result = Image.new( pil_img.mode, (width, width), background_color ) result.paste(pil_img, (0, (width - height) // 2)) return result else: result = Image.new( pil_img.mode, (height, height), background_color ) result.paste(pil_img, ((height - width) // 2, 0)) return result image = expand2square( image, tuple(int(x * 255) for x in processor.image_mean) ) image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors="pt")[ "pixel_values" ][0] rejected_image = expand2square( rejected_image, tuple(int(x * 255) for x in processor.image_mean) ) rejected_image = processor.preprocess(rejected_image, return_tensors="pt")[ "pixel_values" ][0] else: image = processor.preprocess(image, return_tensors="pt")[ "pixel_values" ][0] rejected_image=processor.preprocess(rejected_image, return_tensors="pt")[ "pixel_values" ][0] sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args ) else: sources = copy.deepcopy([e["conversations"] for e in sources]) data_dict = preprocess( sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=("image" in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=1, ) if isinstance(i, int): data_dict = dict( chosen_input_ids=data_dict["chosen_input_ids"][0], chosen_labels=data_dict["chosen_labels"][0], prompt_input_ids=data_dict["prompt_input_ids"][0], prompt=data_dict["prompt"][0], ) sources = self.list_data_dict[i] if isinstance(i, int): sources = [sources] assert len(sources) == 1, "Don't know why it is wrapped to a list" # FIXME if "image" in sources[0]: rejected_sources = preprocess_multimodal( copy.deepcopy([e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources]), self.data_args, ) else: rejected_sources = copy.deepcopy( [e["rejected_conversations"] for e in sources] ) rejected_data_dict = preprocess( rejected_sources, self.tokenizer, has_image=("image" in self.list_data_dict[i]), chosen=0, ) if isinstance(i, int): rejected_data_dict = dict( rejected_input_ids=rejected_data_dict["rejected_input_ids"][0], rejected_labels=rejected_data_dict["rejected_labels"][0], ) data_dict.update(rejected_data_dict) # image exist in the data if "image" in self.list_data_dict[i]: data_dict["images"] = image data_dict["rejected_images"] = rejected_image elif self.data_args.is_multimodal: # image does not exist in the data, but the model is multimodal crop_size = self.data_args.image_processor.crop_size data_dict["images"] = torch.zeros( 3, crop_size["height"], crop_size["width"] ) data_dict["rejected_images"] = torch.zeros( 3, crop_size["height"], crop_size["width"] ) return data_dict @dataclass class DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(object): """Collate examples for supervised fine-tuning.""" tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer def __call__(self, instances: Sequence[Dict]) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]: chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels = tuple( [instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("chosen_input_ids", "chosen_labels") ) prompt_input_ids = [instance["prompt_input_ids"] for instance in instances] max_length = max([item.shape[0] for item in prompt_input_ids]) prompt_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( prompt_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids[:, :max_length] chosen_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( chosen_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) chosen_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( chosen_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX ) chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids[:, : self.tokenizer.model_max_length] chosen_labels = chosen_labels[:, : self.tokenizer.model_max_length] batch = dict( chosen_input_ids=chosen_input_ids, chosen_labels=chosen_labels, chosen_attention_mask=chosen_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt_input_ids=prompt_input_ids, prompt_attention_mask=prompt_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), prompt=[instance["prompt"] for instance in instances], ) rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels = tuple( [instance[key] for instance in instances] for key in ("rejected_input_ids", "rejected_labels") ) rejected_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( rejected_input_ids, batch_first=True, padding_value=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id, ) rejected_labels = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence( rejected_labels, batch_first=True, padding_value=IGNORE_INDEX ) rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids[:, : self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_labels = rejected_labels[:, : self.tokenizer.model_max_length] rejected_batch = dict( rejected_input_ids=rejected_input_ids, rejected_labels=rejected_labels, rejected_attention_mask=rejected_input_ids.ne(self.tokenizer.pad_token_id), ) batch.update(rejected_batch) if "images" in instances[0]: images = [instance["images"] for instance in instances] rejected_images=[instance["rejected_images"] for instance in instances] if all(x is not None and x.shape == images[0].shape for x in images): batch["images"] = torch.stack(images) batch["rejected_images"]=torch.stack(rejected_images) else: batch["images"] = images batch["rejected_images"]=rejected_images return batch def make_supervised_data_module( tokenizer: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer, data_args ) -> Dict: """Make dataset and collator for supervised fine-tuning.""" train_dataset = LazySupervisedDataset( tokenizer=tokenizer, data_path=data_args.data_path, data_args=data_args ) data_collator = DataCollatorForSupervisedDataset(tokenizer=tokenizer) return dict( train_dataset=train_dataset, eval_dataset=None, data_collator=data_collator ) def train(): global local_rank parser = transformers.HfArgumentParser( (ModelArguments, DataArguments, TrainingArguments) ) model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses() local_rank = training_args.local_rank compute_dtype = ( torch.float16 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32) ) bnb_model_from_pretrained_args = {} if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig bnb_model_from_pretrained_args.update( dict( device_map={"": training_args.device}, load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=training_args.bits == 4, load_in_8bit=training_args.bits == 8, llm_int8_skip_modules=["mm_projector"], llm_int8_threshold=6.0, llm_int8_has_fp16_weight=False, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=training_args.double_quant, bnb_4bit_quant_type=training_args.quant_type, # {'fp4', 'nf4'} ), ) ) if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if "mpt" in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True ) config.attn_config["attn_impl"] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) else: model = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) else: model = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) model.config.use_cache = False if model_args.freeze_backbone: model.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft import prepare_model_for_kbit_training model.config.torch_dtype = ( torch.float32 if training_args.fp16 else (torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float32) ) model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training( model, use_gradient_checkpointing=training_args.gradient_checkpointing ) if training_args.gradient_checkpointing: if hasattr(model, "enable_input_require_grads"): model.enable_input_require_grads() else: def make_inputs_require_grad(module, input, output): output.requires_grad_(True) model.get_input_embeddings().register_forward_hook(make_inputs_require_grad) lora_config = None if training_args.lora_enable: from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model, PeftModel if training_args.bits == 16: if training_args.bf16: print("to bfloat16...") model.to(torch.bfloat16) if training_args.fp16: model.to(torch.float16) print("to float16...") if model_args.lora_checkpoint_path: model_path = model_args.lora_checkpoint_path print(f"Loading additional LLaVA weights from {model_path}...") if os.path.exists(os.path.join(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin')): non_lora_trainables = torch.load(os.path.join(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin'), map_location='cpu') else: from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download def load_from_hf(repo_id, filename, subfolder=None): cache_file = hf_hub_download( repo_id=repo_id, filename=filename, subfolder=subfolder) return torch.load(cache_file, map_location='cpu') non_lora_trainables = load_from_hf(model_path, 'non_lora_trainables.bin') non_lora_trainables = {(k[11:] if k.startswith('base_model.') else k): v for k, v in non_lora_trainables.items()} if any(k.startswith('model.model.') for k in non_lora_trainables): non_lora_trainables = {(k[6:] if k.startswith('model.') else k): v for k, v in non_lora_trainables.items()} # 加载 non-lora trainables model.load_state_dict(non_lora_trainables, strict=False) print("Loaded additional non-LoRA weights.") print(f"Loading LoRA weights from {model_args.lora_checkpoint_path}") model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, model_args.lora_checkpoint_path) print("Loaded LoRA weights.") for name, param in model.named_parameters(): if 'lora' in name.lower(): param.requires_grad = True else: # 如果没有指定 lora_checkpoint_path，继续训练 LoRA lora_config = LoraConfig( r=training_args.lora_r, lora_alpha=training_args.lora_alpha, target_modules=find_all_linear_names(model), lora_dropout=training_args.lora_dropout, bias=training_args.lora_bias, task_type="CAUSAL_LM", ) if training_args.bits == 16: if training_args.bf16: print("to bfloat16...") model.to(torch.bfloat16) if training_args.fp16: model.to(torch.float16) print("to float16...") rank0_print("Adding LoRA adapters...") model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) if "mpt" in model_args.model_name_or_path: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right", ) else: tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, model_max_length=training_args.model_max_length, padding_side="right", use_fast=False, ) if model_args.version == "v0": if tokenizer.pad_token is None: smart_tokenizer_and_embedding_resize( special_tokens_dict=dict(pad_token="[PAD]"), tokenizer=tokenizer, model=model, ) elif model_args.version == "v0.5": tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token else: tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token if model_args.version in conversation_lib.conv_templates: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates[ model_args.version ] else: conversation_lib.default_conversation = conversation_lib.conv_templates[ "vicuna_v1" ] if model_args.vision_tower is not None: model.get_model().initialize_vision_modules( model_args=model_args, fsdp=training_args.fsdp ) vision_tower = model.get_vision_tower() vision_tower.to( dtype=torch.bfloat16 if training_args.bf16 else torch.float16, device=training_args.device, ) data_args.image_processor = vision_tower.image_processor data_args.is_multimodal = True model.config.image_aspect_ratio = data_args.image_aspect_ratio model.config.tokenizer_padding_side = tokenizer.padding_side model.config.tokenizer_model_max_length = tokenizer.model_max_length model.config.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter = ( model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter ) if model_args.tune_mm_mlp_adapter: model.requires_grad_(False) for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True model.config.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter = training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter if training_args.freeze_mm_mlp_adapter: for p in model.get_model().mm_projector.parameters(): p.requires_grad = False if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: model.get_model().mm_projector.to( dtype=compute_dtype, device=training_args.device ) model.config.mm_use_im_start_end = data_args.mm_use_im_start_end = ( model_args.mm_use_im_start_end ) model.config.mm_projector_lr = training_args.mm_projector_lr training_args.use_im_start_end = model_args.mm_use_im_start_end model.config.mm_use_im_patch_token = model_args.mm_use_im_patch_token model.initialize_vision_tokenizer(model_args, tokenizer=tokenizer) # ref_model if model_args.vision_tower is not None: if "mpt" in model_args.model_name_or_path: config = transformers.AutoConfig.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, trust_remote_code=True ) config.attn_config["attn_impl"] = training_args.mpt_attn_impl model_ref = LlavaMPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, config=config, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) else: model_ref = LlavaLlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) else: model_ref = transformers.LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_args.model_name_or_path, cache_dir=training_args.cache_dir, **bnb_model_from_pretrained_args, ) model_ref.config.use_cache = False for param in model_ref.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False model_ref.model.requires_grad_(False) if training_args.bits in [4, 8]: from peft.tuners.lora import LoraLayer for name, module in model.named_modules(): if isinstance(module, LoraLayer): if training_args.bf16: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) if "norm" in name: module = module.to(torch.float32) if "lm_head" in name or "embed_tokens" in name: if hasattr(module, "weight"): if training_args.bf16 and module.weight.dtype == torch.float32: module = module.to(torch.bfloat16) data_module = make_supervised_data_module(tokenizer=tokenizer, data_args=data_args) from peft import PeftModel # from trl import DPOTrainer from tool.dpo_trainer import DPOTrainer trainer = LLaVATrainer( model, args=training_args, peft_config=lora_config, tokenizer=tokenizer, **data_module, ) if list(pathlib.Path(training_args.output_dir).glob("checkpoint-*")): # trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=True) trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=False) else: trainer.train() trainer.save_state() model.config.use_cache = True if training_args.lora_enable: state_dict = get_peft_state_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters(), training_args.lora_bias ) non_lora_state_dict = get_peft_state_non_lora_maybe_zero_3( model.named_parameters() ) if training_args.local_rank == 0 or training_args.local_rank == -1: model.config.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir) model.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir, state_dict=state_dict) torch.save( non_lora_state_dict, os.path.join(training_args.output_dir, "non_lora_trainables.bin"), ) else: safe_save_model_for_hf_trainer( trainer=trainer, output_dir=training_args.output_dir ) if __name__ == "__main__": train() ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/CITATION.cff ================================================ cff-version: 1.1.0 message: If you use this software, please cite it as below. authors: - family-names: Ilharco given-names: Gabriel - family-names: Wortsman given-names: Mitchell - family-names: Wightman given-names: Ross - family-names: Gordon given-names: Cade - family-names: Carlini given-names: Nicholas - family-names: Taori given-names: Rohan - family-names: Dave given-names: Achal - family-names: Shankar given-names: Vaishaal - family-names: Namkoong given-names: Hongseok - family-names: Miller given-names: John - family-names: Hajishirzi given-names: Hannaneh - family-names: Farhadi given-names: Ali - family-names: Schmidt given-names: Ludwig title: OpenCLIP version: v0.1 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5143773 date-released: 2021-07-28 ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/HISTORY.md ================================================ ## 2.24.0 * Fix missing space in error message * use model flag for normalizing embeddings * init logit_bias for non siglip pretrained models * Fix logit_bias load_checkpoint addition * Make CoCa model match CLIP models for logit scale/bias init * Fix missing return of "logit_bias" in CoCa.forward * Add NLLB-CLIP with SigLIP models * Add get_logits method and NLLB tokenizer * Remove the empty file src/open_clip/generation_utils.py * Update params.py: "BatchNorm" -> "LayerNorm" in the description string for "--lock-text-freeze-layer-norm" ## 2.23.0 * Add CLIPA-v2 models * Add SigLIP models * Add MetaCLIP models * Add NLLB-CLIP models * CLIPA train code * Minor changes/fixes * Remove protobuf version limit * Stop checking model name when loading CoCa models * Log native wandb step * Use bool instead of long masks ## 2.21.0 * Add SigLIP loss + training support * Add more DataComp models (B/16, B/32 and B/32@256) * Update default num workers * Update CoCa generation for `transformers>=4.31` * PyTorch 2.0 `state_dict()` compatibility fix for compiled models * Fix padding in `ResizeMaxSize` * Convert JIT model on state dict load for `pretrained='filename…'` * Other minor changes and fixes (typos, README, dependencies, CI) ## 2.20.0 * Add EVA models * Support serial worker training * Fix Python 3.7 compatibility ## 2.19.0 * Add DataComp models ## 2.18.0 * Enable int8 inference without `.weight` attribute ## 2.17.2 * Update push_to_hf_hub ## 2.17.0 * Add int8 support * Update notebook demo * Refactor zero-shot classification code ## 2.16.2 * Fixes for context_length and vocab_size attributes ## 2.16.1 * Fixes for context_length and vocab_size attributes * Fix --train-num-samples logic * Add HF BERT configs for PubMed CLIP model ## 2.16.0 * Add improved g-14 weights * Update protobuf version ## 2.15.0 * Add convnext_xxlarge weights * Fixed import in readme * Add samples per second per gpu logging * Fix slurm example ## 2.14.0 * Move dataset mixtures logic to shard level * Fix CoCa accum-grad training * Safer transformers import guard * get_labels refactoring ## 2.13.0 * Add support for dataset mixtures with different sampling weights * Make transformers optional again ## 2.12.0 * Updated convnext configs for consistency * Added input_patchnorm option * Clean and improve CoCa generation * Support model distillation * Add ConvNeXt-Large 320x320 fine-tune weights ## 2.11.1 * Make transformers optional * Add MSCOCO CoCa finetunes to pretrained models ## 2.11.0 * coca support and weights * ConvNeXt-Large weights ## 2.10.1 * `hf-hub:org/model_id` support for loading models w/ config and weights in Hugging Face Hub ## 2.10.0 * Added a ViT-bigG-14 model. * Added an up-to-date example slurm script for large training jobs. * Added a option to sync logs and checkpoints to S3 during training. * New options for LR schedulers, constant and constant with cooldown * Fix wandb autoresuming when resume is not set * ConvNeXt `base` & `base_w` pretrained models added * `timm-` model prefix removed from configs * `timm` augmentation + regularization (dropout / drop-path) supported ## 2.9.3 * Fix wandb collapsing multiple parallel runs into a single one ## 2.9.2 * Fix braceexpand memory explosion for complex webdataset urls ## 2.9.1 * Fix release ## 2.9.0 * Add training feature to auto-resume from the latest checkpoint on restart via `--resume latest` * Allow webp in webdataset * Fix logging for number of samples when using gradient accumulation * Add model configs for convnext xxlarge ## 2.8.2 * wrapped patchdropout in a torch.nn.Module ## 2.8.1 * relax protobuf dependency * override the default patch dropout value in 'vision_cfg' ## 2.8.0 * better support for HF models * add support for gradient accumulation * CI fixes * add support for patch dropout * add convnext configs ## 2.7.0 * add multilingual H/14 xlm roberta large ## 2.6.1 * fix setup.py _read_reqs ## 2.6.0 * Make openclip training usable from pypi. * Add xlm roberta large vit h 14 config. ## 2.5.0 * pretrained B/32 xlm roberta base: first multilingual clip trained on laion5B * pretrained B/32 roberta base: first clip trained using an HF text encoder ## 2.4.1 * Add missing hf_tokenizer_name in CLIPTextCfg. ## 2.4.0 * Fix #211, missing RN50x64 config. Fix type of dropout param for ResNet models * Bring back LayerNorm impl that casts to input for non bf16/fp16 * zero_shot.py: set correct tokenizer based on args * training/params.py: remove hf params and get them from model config ## 2.3.1 * Implement grad checkpointing for hf model. * custom_text: True if hf_model_name is set * Disable hf tokenizer parallelism ## 2.3.0 * Generalizable Text Transformer with HuggingFace Models (@iejMac) ## 2.2.0 * Support for custom text tower * Add checksum verification for pretrained model weights ## 2.1.0 * lot including sota models, bfloat16 option, better loading, better metrics ## 1.2.0 * ViT-B/32 trained on Laion2B-en * add missing openai RN50x64 model ## 1.1.1 * ViT-B/16+ * Add grad checkpointing support * more robust data loader ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/LICENSE ================================================ Copyright (c) 2012-2021 Gabriel Ilharco, Mitchell Wortsman, Nicholas Carlini, Rohan Taori, Achal Dave, Vaishaal Shankar, John Miller, Hongseok Namkoong, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Ali Farhadi, Ludwig Schmidt Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/MANIFEST.in ================================================ include src/open_clip/bpe_simple_vocab_16e6.txt.gz include src/open_clip/model_configs/*.json ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/setup.py ================================================ """ Setup """ from setuptools import setup, find_packages from codecs import open from os import path here = path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__)) # Get the long description from the README file with open(path.join(here, 'README.md'), encoding='utf-8') as f: long_description = f.read() def _read_reqs(relpath): fullpath = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), relpath) with open(fullpath) as f: return [s.strip() for s in f.readlines() if (s.strip() and not s.startswith("#"))] REQUIREMENTS = _read_reqs("requirements.txt") TRAINING_REQUIREMENTS = _read_reqs("requirements-training.txt") exec(open('src/open_clip/version.py').read()) setup( name='open_clip_torch', version=__version__, description='OpenCLIP', long_description=long_description, long_description_content_type='text/markdown', url='https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip', author='', author_email='', classifiers=[ # How mature is this project? Common values are # 3 - Alpha # 4 - Beta # 5 - Production/Stable 'Development Status :: 3 - Alpha', 'Intended Audience :: Education', 'Intended Audience :: Science/Research', 'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License', 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7', 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8', 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9', 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10', 'Topic :: Scientific/Engineering', 'Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence', 'Topic :: Software Development', 'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries', 'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules', ], # Note that this is a string of words separated by whitespace, not a list. keywords='CLIP pretrained', package_dir={'': 'src'}, packages=find_packages(where='src'), include_package_data=True, install_requires=REQUIREMENTS, extras_require={ "training": TRAINING_REQUIREMENTS, }, python_requires='>=3.7', ) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/__init__.py ================================================ from .coca_model import CoCa from .constants import OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, OPENAI_DATASET_STD from .factory import create_model, create_model_and_transforms, create_model_from_pretrained, get_tokenizer, create_loss from .factory import list_models, add_model_config, get_model_config, load_checkpoint from .loss import ClipLoss, DistillClipLoss, CoCaLoss from .model import CLIP, CustomTextCLIP, CLIPTextCfg, CLIPVisionCfg, \ convert_weights_to_lp, convert_weights_to_fp16, trace_model, get_cast_dtype, get_input_dtype, \ get_model_tokenize_cfg, get_model_preprocess_cfg, set_model_preprocess_cfg from .openai import load_openai_model, list_openai_models from .pretrained import list_pretrained, list_pretrained_models_by_tag, list_pretrained_tags_by_model, \ get_pretrained_url, download_pretrained_from_url, is_pretrained_cfg, get_pretrained_cfg, download_pretrained from .push_to_hf_hub import push_pretrained_to_hf_hub, push_to_hf_hub from .tokenizer import SimpleTokenizer, tokenize, decode from .transform import image_transform, AugmentationCfg from .zero_shot_classifier import build_zero_shot_classifier, build_zero_shot_classifier_legacy from .zero_shot_metadata import OPENAI_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES, SIMPLE_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES, IMAGENET_CLASSNAMES ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/big_vision.py ================================================ import torch import numpy as np from .model import CustomTextCLIP from .transformer import TextTransformer, Transformer @torch.no_grad() def load_big_vision_weights(model: CustomTextCLIP, checkpoint_path: str): """ Load weights from .npz checkpoints for official Google big_vision image-text models Currently the SigLIP source models are supported and a CustomTextCLIP destination model w/ timm image encoder. """ from timm.layers import resample_patch_embed, resample_abs_pos_embed def _n2p(w, t=True): if w.ndim == 4 and w.shape[0] == w.shape[1] == w.shape[2] == 1: w = w.flatten() if t: if w.ndim == 4: w = w.transpose([3, 2, 0, 1]) elif w.ndim == 3: w = w.transpose([2, 0, 1]) elif w.ndim == 2: w = w.transpose([1, 0]) return torch.from_numpy(w) w = np.load(checkpoint_path) interpolation = 'bilinear' antialias = False def _convert_timm_img(module, prefix): embed_conv_w = _n2p(w[f'{prefix}embedding/kernel']) if embed_conv_w.shape[-2:] != module.patch_embed.proj.weight.shape[-2:]: embed_conv_w = resample_patch_embed( embed_conv_w, module.patch_embed.proj.weight.shape[-2:], interpolation=interpolation, antialias=antialias, verbose=True, ) module.patch_embed.proj.weight.copy_(embed_conv_w) module.patch_embed.proj.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}embedding/bias'])) if module.cls_token is not None: module.cls_token.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}cls'], t=False)) pos_embed_w = _n2p(w[f'{prefix}pos_embedding'], t=False) if pos_embed_w.shape != module.pos_embed.shape: assert False, f'{pos_embed_w.shape}, {module.pos_embed.shape}' num_prefix_tokens = 0 if getattr(module, 'no_embed_class', False) else getattr(module, 'num_prefix_tokens', 1) pos_embed_w = resample_abs_pos_embed( # resize pos embedding when different size from pretrained weights pos_embed_w, new_size=module.patch_embed.grid_size, num_prefix_tokens=num_prefix_tokens, interpolation=interpolation, antialias=antialias, verbose=True, ) module.pos_embed.copy_(pos_embed_w) mha_sub, b_sub, ln1_sub = (0, 0, 1) for i, block in enumerate(module.blocks.children()): block_prefix = f'{prefix}Transformer/encoderblock_{i}/' mha_prefix = block_prefix + f'MultiHeadDotProductAttention_{mha_sub}/' block.norm1.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/scale'])) block.norm1.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/bias'])) block.attn.qkv.weight.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/kernel'], t=False).flatten(1).T for n in ('query', 'key', 'value')])) block.attn.qkv.bias.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/bias'], t=False).reshape(-1) for n in ('query', 'key', 'value')])) block.attn.proj.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/kernel']).flatten(1)) block.attn.proj.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/bias'])) for r in range(2): getattr(block.mlp, f'fc{r + 1}').weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_{b_sub}/Dense_{r}/kernel'])) getattr(block.mlp, f'fc{r + 1}').bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_{b_sub}/Dense_{r}/bias'])) block.norm2.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_{ln1_sub}/scale'])) block.norm2.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_{ln1_sub}/bias'])) module.norm.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}Transformer/encoder_norm/scale'])) module.norm.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}Transformer/encoder_norm/bias'])) if module.attn_pool is not None: block_prefix = f'{prefix}MAPHead_0/' mha_prefix = block_prefix + f'MultiHeadDotProductAttention_0/' module.attn_pool.latent.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}probe'], t=False)) module.attn_pool.q.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}query/kernel'], t=False).flatten(1).T) module.attn_pool.q.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}query/bias'], t=False).reshape(-1)) module.attn_pool.kv.weight.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/kernel'], t=False).flatten(1).T for n in ('key', 'value')])) module.attn_pool.kv.bias.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/bias'], t=False).reshape(-1) for n in ('key', 'value')])) module.attn_pool.proj.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/kernel']).flatten(1)) module.attn_pool.proj.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/bias'])) module.attn_pool.norm.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/scale'])) module.attn_pool.norm.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/bias'])) for r in range(2): getattr(module.attn_pool.mlp, f'fc{r + 1}').weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_{r}/kernel'])) getattr(module.attn_pool.mlp, f'fc{r + 1}').bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_{r}/bias'])) def _convert_openclip_transformer(module: Transformer, prefix): for i, block in enumerate(module.resblocks.children()): block_prefix = f'{prefix}encoderblock_{i}/' mha_prefix = block_prefix + f'MultiHeadDotProductAttention_0/' block.ln_1.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/scale'])) block.ln_1.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_0/bias'])) block.attn.in_proj_weight.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/kernel'], t=False).flatten(1).T for n in ('query', 'key', 'value')])) block.attn.in_proj_bias.copy_(torch.cat([ _n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}{n}/bias'], t=False).reshape(-1) for n in ('query', 'key', 'value')])) block.attn.out_proj.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/kernel']).flatten(1)) block.attn.out_proj.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{mha_prefix}out/bias'])) block.ln_2.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_1/scale'])) block.ln_2.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}LayerNorm_1/bias'])) block.mlp.c_fc.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_0/kernel'])) block.mlp.c_fc.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_0/bias'])) block.mlp.c_proj.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_1/kernel'])) block.mlp.c_proj.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{block_prefix}MlpBlock_0/Dense_1/bias'])) def _convert_openclip_txt(module: TextTransformer, prefix): module.token_embedding.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}Embed_0/embedding'], t=False)) pos_embed_w = _n2p(w[f'{prefix}pos_embedding'], t=False).squeeze(0) module.positional_embedding.copy_(pos_embed_w) _convert_openclip_transformer(module.transformer, prefix=prefix + 'Encoder_0/') module.ln_final.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}Encoder_0/encoder_norm/scale'])) module.ln_final.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}Encoder_0/encoder_norm/bias'])) module.text_projection.weight.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}head/kernel'])) module.text_projection.bias.copy_(_n2p(w[f'{prefix}head/bias'])) _convert_timm_img(model.visual.trunk, 'params/img/') _convert_openclip_txt(model.text, 'params/txt/') model.logit_bias.copy_(_n2p(w['params/b'])[0]) model.logit_scale.copy_(_n2p(w['params/t'])[0]) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/coca_model.py ================================================ from typing import Optional import torch from torch import nn from torch.nn import functional as F import numpy as np from dataclasses import dataclass from .transformer import ( LayerNormFp32, LayerNorm, QuickGELU, MultimodalTransformer, ) from .model import CLIPTextCfg, CLIPVisionCfg, _build_vision_tower, _build_text_tower try: from transformers import ( BeamSearchScorer, LogitsProcessorList, TopPLogitsWarper, TopKLogitsWarper, RepetitionPenaltyLogitsProcessor, MinLengthLogitsProcessor, MaxLengthCriteria, StoppingCriteriaList ) GENERATION_TYPES = { "top_k": TopKLogitsWarper, "top_p": TopPLogitsWarper, "beam_search": "beam_search" } _has_transformers = True except ImportError as e: GENERATION_TYPES = { "top_k": None, "top_p": None, "beam_search": "beam_search" } _has_transformers = False @dataclass class MultimodalCfg(CLIPTextCfg): mlp_ratio: int = 4 dim_head: int = 64 heads: int = 8 n_queries: int = 256 attn_pooler_heads: int = 8 def _build_text_decoder_tower( embed_dim, multimodal_cfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, ): multimodal_cfg = MultimodalCfg(**multimodal_cfg) if isinstance(multimodal_cfg, dict) else multimodal_cfg act_layer = QuickGELU if quick_gelu else nn.GELU norm_layer = ( LayerNormFp32 if cast_dtype in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16) else LayerNorm ) decoder = MultimodalTransformer( context_length=multimodal_cfg.context_length, width=multimodal_cfg.width, heads=multimodal_cfg.heads, layers=multimodal_cfg.layers, ls_init_value=multimodal_cfg.ls_init_value, output_dim=embed_dim, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) return decoder class CoCa(nn.Module): def __init__( self, embed_dim, multimodal_cfg: MultimodalCfg, text_cfg: CLIPTextCfg, vision_cfg: CLIPVisionCfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, init_logit_scale: float = np.log(1 / 0.07), init_logit_bias: Optional[float] = None, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, pad_id: int = 0, ): super().__init__() multimodal_cfg = MultimodalCfg(**multimodal_cfg) if isinstance(multimodal_cfg, dict) else multimodal_cfg text_cfg = CLIPTextCfg(**text_cfg) if isinstance(text_cfg, dict) else text_cfg vision_cfg = CLIPVisionCfg(**vision_cfg) if isinstance(vision_cfg, dict) else vision_cfg self.text = _build_text_tower( embed_dim=embed_dim, text_cfg=text_cfg, quick_gelu=quick_gelu, cast_dtype=cast_dtype, ) vocab_size = ( text_cfg.vocab_size # for hf models if hasattr(text_cfg, "hf_model_name") and text_cfg.hf_model_name is not None else text_cfg.vocab_size ) self.visual = _build_vision_tower( embed_dim=embed_dim, vision_cfg=vision_cfg, quick_gelu=quick_gelu, cast_dtype=cast_dtype, ) self.text_decoder = _build_text_decoder_tower( vocab_size, multimodal_cfg=multimodal_cfg, quick_gelu=quick_gelu, cast_dtype=cast_dtype, ) self.logit_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_scale) if init_logit_bias is not None: self.logit_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_bias) else: self.logit_bias = None self.pad_id = pad_id self.context_length = multimodal_cfg.context_length @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable: bool = True): self.visual.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) self.text.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) self.text_decoder.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) def _encode_image(self, images, normalize: bool = True): image_latent, tokens_embs = self.visual(images) image_latent = F.normalize(image_latent, dim=-1) if normalize else image_latent return image_latent, tokens_embs def _encode_text(self, text, normalize: bool = True): text_latent, token_emb = self.text(text) text_latent = F.normalize(text_latent, dim=-1) if normalize else text_latent return text_latent, token_emb def encode_image(self, images, normalize: bool = True): image_latent, _ = self._encode_image(images, normalize=normalize) return image_latent def encode_text(self, text, normalize: bool = True): text_latent, _ = self._encode_text(text, normalize=normalize) return text_latent def forward( self, image, text: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, image_latent: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, image_embs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, ): if image_latent is None or image_embs is None: image_latent, image_embs = self._encode_image(image) if text is None: return {"image_features": image_latent, "image_embs": image_embs} text_latent, token_embs = self._encode_text(text) # TODO: add assertion to avoid bugs? labels = text[:, -token_embs.shape[1]:] logits = self.text_decoder(image_embs, token_embs) out_dict = { "image_features": image_latent, "text_features": text_latent, "logits": logits, "labels": labels, "logit_scale": self.logit_scale.exp() } if self.logit_bias is not None: out_dict["logit_bias"] = self.logit_bias return out_dict def generate( self, image, text=None, seq_len=30, max_seq_len=77, temperature=1., generation_type="beam_search", top_p=0.1, # keep tokens in the 1 - top_p quantile top_k=1, # keeps the top_k most probable tokens pad_token_id=None, eos_token_id=None, sot_token_id=None, num_beams=6, num_beam_groups=3, min_seq_len=5, stopping_criteria=None, repetition_penalty=1.0, fixed_output_length=False # if True output.shape == (batch_size, seq_len) ): # taking many ideas and components from HuggingFace GenerationMixin # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/main_classes/text_generation assert _has_transformers, "Please install transformers for generate functionality. `pip install transformers`." assert seq_len > min_seq_len, "seq_len must be larger than min_seq_len" with torch.no_grad(): sot_token_id = 49406 if sot_token_id is None else sot_token_id eos_token_id = 49407 if eos_token_id is None else eos_token_id pad_token_id = self.pad_id if pad_token_id is None else pad_token_id logit_processor = LogitsProcessorList( [ MinLengthLogitsProcessor(min_seq_len, eos_token_id), RepetitionPenaltyLogitsProcessor(repetition_penalty), ] ) if stopping_criteria is None: stopping_criteria = [MaxLengthCriteria(max_length=seq_len)] stopping_criteria = StoppingCriteriaList( stopping_criteria ) device = image.device if generation_type == "beam_search": output = self._generate_beamsearch( image_inputs=image, pad_token_id=pad_token_id, eos_token_id=eos_token_id, sot_token_id=sot_token_id, num_beams=num_beams, num_beam_groups=num_beam_groups, min_seq_len=min_seq_len, stopping_criteria=stopping_criteria, logit_processor=logit_processor, ) if fixed_output_length and output.shape[1] < seq_len: return torch.cat( (output, torch.ones(output.shape[0], seq_len-output.shape[1], device=device, dtype=output.dtype) * self.pad_id), dim=1 ) return output elif generation_type == "top_p": logit_warper = GENERATION_TYPES[generation_type](top_p) elif generation_type == "top_k": logit_warper = GENERATION_TYPES[generation_type](top_k) else: raise ValueError( f"generation_type has to be one of " f"{'| ' + ' | '.join(list(GENERATION_TYPES.keys())) + ' |'}." ) image_latent, image_embs = self._encode_image(image) if text is None: text = torch.ones((image.shape[0], 1), device=device, dtype=torch.long) * sot_token_id was_training = self.training num_dims = len(text.shape) if num_dims == 1: text = text[None, :] cur_len = text.shape[1] self.eval() out = text while True: x = out[:, -max_seq_len:] cur_len = x.shape[1] logits = self(image, x, image_latent=image_latent, image_embs=image_embs)["logits"][:, -1] mask = (out[:, -1] == eos_token_id) | (out[:, -1] == pad_token_id) sample = torch.ones((out.shape[0], 1), device=device, dtype=torch.long) * pad_token_id if mask.all(): if not fixed_output_length: break else: logits = logits[~mask, :] filtered_logits = logit_processor(x[~mask, :], logits) filtered_logits = logit_warper(x[~mask, :], filtered_logits) probs = F.softmax(filtered_logits / temperature, dim=-1) if (cur_len + 1 == seq_len): sample[~mask, :] = torch.ones((sum(~mask), 1), device=device, dtype=torch.long) * eos_token_id else: sample[~mask, :] = torch.multinomial(probs, 1) out = torch.cat((out, sample), dim=-1) cur_len += 1 if stopping_criteria(out, None): break if num_dims == 1: out = out.squeeze(0) self.train(was_training) return out def _generate_beamsearch( self, image_inputs, pad_token_id=None, eos_token_id=None, sot_token_id=None, num_beams=6, num_beam_groups=3, min_seq_len=5, stopping_criteria=None, logit_processor=None, logit_warper=None, ): device = image_inputs.device batch_size = image_inputs.shape[0] image_inputs = torch.repeat_interleave(image_inputs, num_beams, dim=0) image_latent, image_embs = self._encode_image(image_inputs) input_ids = torch.ones((batch_size * num_beams, 1), device=device, dtype=torch.long) input_ids = input_ids * sot_token_id beam_scorer = BeamSearchScorer( batch_size=batch_size, num_beams=num_beams, device=device, num_beam_groups=num_beam_groups, ) # instantiate logits processors logits_processor = ( LogitsProcessorList([MinLengthLogitsProcessor(min_seq_len, eos_token_id=eos_token_id)]) if logit_processor is None else logit_processor ) num_beams = beam_scorer.num_beams num_beam_groups = beam_scorer.num_beam_groups num_sub_beams = num_beams // num_beam_groups batch_size = len(beam_scorer._beam_hyps) // num_beam_groups batch_beam_size, cur_len = input_ids.shape beam_indices = None if num_beams * batch_size != batch_beam_size: raise ValueError( f"Batch dimension of `input_ids` should be {num_beams * batch_size}, but is {batch_beam_size}." ) beam_scores = torch.full((batch_size, num_beams), -1e9, dtype=torch.float, device=device) # initialise score of first beam of each group with 0 and the rest with 1e-9. This ensures that the beams in # the same group don't produce same tokens everytime. beam_scores[:, ::num_sub_beams] = 0 beam_scores = beam_scores.view((batch_size * num_beams,)) while True: # predicted tokens in cur_len step current_tokens = torch.zeros(batch_size * num_beams, dtype=input_ids.dtype, device=device) # indices which will form the beams in the next time step reordering_indices = torch.zeros(batch_size * num_beams, dtype=torch.long, device=device) # do one decoder step on all beams of all sentences in batch model_inputs = prepare_inputs_for_generation(input_ids=input_ids, image_inputs=image_inputs) outputs = self( model_inputs['images'], model_inputs['text'], image_latent=image_latent, image_embs=image_embs ) for beam_group_idx in range(num_beam_groups): group_start_idx = beam_group_idx * num_sub_beams group_end_idx = min(group_start_idx + num_sub_beams, num_beams) group_size = group_end_idx - group_start_idx # indices of beams of current group among all sentences in batch batch_group_indices = [] for batch_idx in range(batch_size): batch_group_indices.extend( [batch_idx * num_beams + idx for idx in range(group_start_idx, group_end_idx)] ) group_input_ids = input_ids[batch_group_indices] # select outputs of beams of currentg group only next_token_logits = outputs['logits'][batch_group_indices, -1, :] vocab_size = next_token_logits.shape[-1] next_token_scores_processed = logits_processor( group_input_ids, next_token_logits, current_tokens=current_tokens, beam_group_idx=beam_group_idx ) next_token_scores = next_token_scores_processed + beam_scores[batch_group_indices].unsqueeze(-1) next_token_scores = next_token_scores.expand_as(next_token_scores_processed) # reshape for beam search next_token_scores = next_token_scores.view(batch_size, group_size * vocab_size) next_token_scores, next_tokens = torch.topk( next_token_scores, 2 * group_size, dim=1, largest=True, sorted=True ) next_indices = torch.div(next_tokens, vocab_size, rounding_mode="floor") next_tokens = next_tokens % vocab_size # stateless process_beam_indices = sum(beam_indices, ()) if beam_indices is not None else None beam_outputs = beam_scorer.process( group_input_ids, next_token_scores, next_tokens, next_indices, pad_token_id=pad_token_id, eos_token_id=eos_token_id, beam_indices=process_beam_indices, group_index=beam_group_idx, ) beam_scores[batch_group_indices] = beam_outputs["next_beam_scores"] beam_next_tokens = beam_outputs["next_beam_tokens"] beam_idx = beam_outputs["next_beam_indices"] input_ids[batch_group_indices] = group_input_ids[beam_idx] group_input_ids = torch.cat([group_input_ids[beam_idx, :], beam_next_tokens.unsqueeze(-1)], dim=-1) current_tokens[batch_group_indices] = group_input_ids[:, -1] # (beam_idx // group_size) -> batch_idx # (beam_idx % group_size) -> offset of idx inside the group reordering_indices[batch_group_indices] = ( num_beams * torch.div(beam_idx, group_size, rounding_mode="floor") + group_start_idx + (beam_idx % group_size) ) input_ids = torch.cat([input_ids, current_tokens.unsqueeze(-1)], dim=-1) # increase cur_len cur_len = cur_len + 1 if beam_scorer.is_done or stopping_criteria(input_ids, None): break final_beam_indices = sum(beam_indices, ()) if beam_indices is not None else None sequence_outputs = beam_scorer.finalize( input_ids, beam_scores, next_tokens, next_indices, pad_token_id=pad_token_id, eos_token_id=eos_token_id, max_length=stopping_criteria.max_length, beam_indices=final_beam_indices, ) return sequence_outputs['sequences'] def prepare_inputs_for_generation(input_ids, image_inputs, past=None, **kwargs): if past: input_ids = input_ids[:, -1].unsqueeze(-1) attention_mask = kwargs.get("attention_mask", None) position_ids = kwargs.get("position_ids", None) if attention_mask is not None and position_ids is None: # create position_ids on the fly for batch generation position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1 position_ids.masked_fill_(attention_mask == 0, 1) else: position_ids = None return { "text": input_ids, "images": image_inputs, "past_key_values": past, "position_ids": position_ids, "attention_mask": attention_mask, } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/constants.py ================================================ OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN = (0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073) OPENAI_DATASET_STD = (0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711) IMAGENET_MEAN = (0.485, 0.456, 0.406) IMAGENET_STD = (0.229, 0.224, 0.225) INCEPTION_MEAN = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) INCEPTION_STD = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/factory.py ================================================ import json import logging import os import re from copy import deepcopy from dataclasses import asdict from pathlib import Path from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union import torch from .constants import OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, OPENAI_DATASET_STD from .model import CLIP, CustomTextCLIP, convert_weights_to_lp, convert_to_custom_text_state_dict,\ resize_pos_embed, get_cast_dtype, resize_text_pos_embed, set_model_preprocess_cfg from .coca_model import CoCa from .loss import ClipLoss, DistillClipLoss, CoCaLoss, SigLipLoss from .openai import load_openai_model from .pretrained import is_pretrained_cfg, get_pretrained_cfg, download_pretrained,\ list_pretrained_tags_by_model, download_pretrained_from_hf from .transform import image_transform_v2, AugmentationCfg, PreprocessCfg, merge_preprocess_dict, merge_preprocess_kwargs from .tokenizer import HFTokenizer, SimpleTokenizer, DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH HF_HUB_PREFIX = 'hf-hub:' _MODEL_CONFIG_PATHS = [Path(__file__).parent / f"model_configs/"] _MODEL_CONFIGS = {} # directory (model_name: config) of model architecture configs def _natural_key(string_): return [int(s) if s.isdigit() else s for s in re.split(r'(\d+)', string_.lower())] def _rescan_model_configs(): global _MODEL_CONFIGS config_ext = ('.json',) config_files = [] for config_path in _MODEL_CONFIG_PATHS: if config_path.is_file() and config_path.suffix in config_ext: config_files.append(config_path) elif config_path.is_dir(): for ext in config_ext: config_files.extend(config_path.glob(f'*{ext}')) for cf in config_files: with open(cf, 'r') as f: model_cfg = json.load(f) if all(a in model_cfg for a in ('embed_dim', 'vision_cfg', 'text_cfg')): _MODEL_CONFIGS[cf.stem] = model_cfg _MODEL_CONFIGS = {k: v for k, v in sorted(_MODEL_CONFIGS.items(), key=lambda x: _natural_key(x[0]))} _rescan_model_configs() # initial populate of model config registry def list_models(): """ enumerate available model architectures based on config files """ return list(_MODEL_CONFIGS.keys()) def add_model_config(path): """ add model config path or file and update registry """ if not isinstance(path, Path): path = Path(path) _MODEL_CONFIG_PATHS.append(path) _rescan_model_configs() def get_model_config(model_name): if model_name in _MODEL_CONFIGS: return deepcopy(_MODEL_CONFIGS[model_name]) else: return None def _get_hf_config(model_id, cache_dir=None): config_path = download_pretrained_from_hf(model_id, filename='open_clip_config.json', cache_dir=cache_dir) with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: config = json.load(f) return config def get_tokenizer( model_name: str = '', context_length: Optional[int] = None, **kwargs, ): if model_name.startswith(HF_HUB_PREFIX): model_name = model_name[len(HF_HUB_PREFIX):] try: config = _get_hf_config(model_name)['model_cfg'] except Exception: tokenizer = HFTokenizer( model_name, context_length=context_length or DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH, **kwargs, ) return tokenizer else: config = get_model_config(model_name) assert config is not None, f"No valid model config found for {model_name}." text_config = config.get('text_cfg', {}) if 'tokenizer_kwargs' in text_config: tokenizer_kwargs = dict(text_config['tokenizer_kwargs'], **kwargs) else: tokenizer_kwargs = kwargs if context_length is None: context_length = text_config.get('context_length', DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH) if 'hf_tokenizer_name' in text_config: tokenizer = HFTokenizer( text_config['hf_tokenizer_name'], context_length=context_length, **tokenizer_kwargs, ) else: tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer( context_length=context_length, **tokenizer_kwargs, ) return tokenizer def load_state_dict(checkpoint_path: str, map_location='cpu'): checkpoint = torch.load(checkpoint_path, map_location=map_location) if isinstance(checkpoint, dict) and 'state_dict' in checkpoint: state_dict = checkpoint['state_dict'] elif isinstance(checkpoint, torch.jit.ScriptModule): state_dict = checkpoint.state_dict() for key in ["input_resolution", "context_length", "vocab_size"]: state_dict.pop(key, None) else: state_dict = checkpoint if next(iter(state_dict.items()))[0].startswith('module'): state_dict = {k[7:]: v for k, v in state_dict.items()} return state_dict def load_checkpoint(model, checkpoint_path, strict=True): if Path(checkpoint_path).suffix in ('.npz', '.npy'): from .big_vision import load_big_vision_weights load_big_vision_weights(model, checkpoint_path) return {} state_dict = load_state_dict(checkpoint_path) # detect old format and make compatible with new format if 'positional_embedding' in state_dict and not hasattr(model, 'positional_embedding'): state_dict = convert_to_custom_text_state_dict(state_dict) # If loading a non-SigLIP model for SigLIP training. See https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/issues/712 if 'logit_bias' not in state_dict and model.logit_bias is not None: state_dict["logit_bias"] = torch.zeros_like(state_dict["logit_scale"]) # Certain text transformers no longer expect position_ids after transformers==4.31 position_id_key = 'text.transformer.embeddings.position_ids' if position_id_key in state_dict and not hasattr(model, position_id_key): del state_dict[position_id_key] resize_pos_embed(state_dict, model) resize_text_pos_embed(state_dict, model) incompatible_keys = model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=strict) return incompatible_keys def create_model( model_name: str, pretrained: Optional[str] = None, precision: str = 'fp32', device: Union[str, torch.device] = 'cpu', jit: bool = False, force_quick_gelu: bool = False, force_custom_text: bool = False, force_patch_dropout: Optional[float] = None, force_image_size: Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, int]]] = None, force_preprocess_cfg: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, pretrained_image: bool = False, pretrained_hf: bool = True, cache_dir: Optional[str] = None, output_dict: Optional[bool] = None, require_pretrained: bool = False, **model_kwargs, ): force_preprocess_cfg = force_preprocess_cfg or {} preprocess_cfg = asdict(PreprocessCfg()) has_hf_hub_prefix = model_name.startswith(HF_HUB_PREFIX) if has_hf_hub_prefix: model_id = model_name[len(HF_HUB_PREFIX):] checkpoint_path = download_pretrained_from_hf(model_id, cache_dir=cache_dir) config = _get_hf_config(model_id, cache_dir) preprocess_cfg = merge_preprocess_dict(preprocess_cfg, config['preprocess_cfg']) model_cfg = config['model_cfg'] pretrained_hf = False # override, no need to load original HF text weights else: model_name = model_name.replace('/', '-') # for callers using old naming with / in ViT names checkpoint_path = None model_cfg = None if isinstance(device, str): device = torch.device(device) if pretrained and pretrained.lower() == 'openai': logging.info(f'Loading pretrained {model_name} from OpenAI.') model = load_openai_model( model_name, precision=precision, device=device, cache_dir=cache_dir, ) else: model_cfg = model_cfg or get_model_config(model_name) if model_cfg is not None: logging.info(f'Loaded {model_name} model config.') else: logging.error(f'Model config for {model_name} not found; available models {list_models()}.') raise RuntimeError(f'Model config for {model_name} not found.') if force_quick_gelu: # override for use of QuickGELU on non-OpenAI transformer models model_cfg["quick_gelu"] = True if force_patch_dropout is not None: # override the default patch dropout value model_cfg["vision_cfg"]["patch_dropout"] = force_patch_dropout if force_image_size is not None: # override model config's image size model_cfg["vision_cfg"]["image_size"] = force_image_size is_timm_model = 'timm_model_name' in model_cfg.get('vision_cfg', {}) if pretrained_image: if is_timm_model: # pretrained weight loading for timm models set via vision_cfg model_cfg['vision_cfg']['timm_model_pretrained'] = True else: assert False, 'pretrained image towers currently only supported for timm models' # cast_dtype set for fp16 and bf16 (manual mixed-precision), not set for 'amp' or 'pure' modes cast_dtype = get_cast_dtype(precision) is_hf_model = 'hf_model_name' in model_cfg.get('text_cfg', {}) if is_hf_model: # load pretrained weights for HF text model IFF no CLIP weights being loaded model_cfg['text_cfg']['hf_model_pretrained'] = pretrained_hf and not pretrained custom_text = model_cfg.pop('custom_text', False) or force_custom_text or is_hf_model model_cfg = dict(model_cfg, **model_kwargs) # merge cfg dict w/ kwargs (kwargs overrides cfg) if custom_text: if "multimodal_cfg" in model_cfg: model = CoCa(**model_cfg, cast_dtype=cast_dtype) else: model = CustomTextCLIP(**model_cfg, cast_dtype=cast_dtype) else: model = CLIP(**model_cfg, cast_dtype=cast_dtype) if precision in ("fp16", "bf16"): dtype = torch.float16 if 'fp16' in precision else torch.bfloat16 # manual mixed precision that matches original OpenAI behaviour if is_timm_model: # FIXME this is a bit janky, create timm based model in low-precision and # then cast only LayerNormFp32 instances back to float32 so they don't break. # Why? The convert_weights_to_lp fn only works with native models. model.to(device=device, dtype=dtype) from .transformer import LayerNormFp32 def _convert_ln(m): if isinstance(m, LayerNormFp32): m.weight.data = m.weight.data.to(torch.float32) m.bias.data = m.bias.data.to(torch.float32) model.apply(_convert_ln) else: model.to(device=device) convert_weights_to_lp(model, dtype=dtype) elif precision in ("pure_fp16", "pure_bf16"): dtype = torch.float16 if 'fp16' in precision else torch.bfloat16 model.to(device=device, dtype=dtype) else: model.to(device=device) pretrained_loaded = False if pretrained: checkpoint_path = '' pretrained_cfg = get_pretrained_cfg(model_name, pretrained) if pretrained_cfg: checkpoint_path = download_pretrained(pretrained_cfg, cache_dir=cache_dir) preprocess_cfg = merge_preprocess_dict(preprocess_cfg, pretrained_cfg) elif os.path.exists(pretrained): checkpoint_path = pretrained if checkpoint_path: logging.info(f'Loading pretrained {model_name} weights ({pretrained}).') load_checkpoint(model, checkpoint_path) print(f'Loading pretrained {model_name} weights ({pretrained}).') else: error_str = ( f'Pretrained weights ({pretrained}) not found for model {model_name}.' f' Available pretrained tags ({list_pretrained_tags_by_model(model_name)}.') logging.warning(error_str) raise RuntimeError(error_str) pretrained_loaded = True elif has_hf_hub_prefix: logging.info(f'Loading pretrained {model_name} weights ({checkpoint_path}).') load_checkpoint(model, checkpoint_path) pretrained_loaded = True if require_pretrained and not pretrained_loaded: # callers of create_model_from_pretrained always expect pretrained weights raise RuntimeError( f'Pretrained weights were required for (model: {model_name}, pretrained: {pretrained}) but not loaded.') if output_dict and hasattr(model, "output_dict"): model.output_dict = True if jit: model = torch.jit.script(model) # set image preprocessing configuration in model attributes for convenience if getattr(model.visual, 'image_size', None) is not None: # use image_size set on model creation (via config or force_image_size arg) force_preprocess_cfg['size'] = model.visual.image_size set_model_preprocess_cfg(model, merge_preprocess_dict(preprocess_cfg, force_preprocess_cfg)) return model def create_loss(args): if args.distill: return DistillClipLoss( local_loss=args.local_loss, gather_with_grad=args.gather_with_grad, cache_labels=True, rank=args.rank, world_size=args.world_size, use_horovod=args.horovod, ) elif "coca" in args.model.lower(): return CoCaLoss( caption_loss_weight=args.coca_caption_loss_weight, clip_loss_weight=args.coca_contrastive_loss_weight, local_loss=args.local_loss, gather_with_grad=args.gather_with_grad, cache_labels=True, rank=args.rank, world_size=args.world_size, use_horovod=args.horovod, ) elif args.siglip: assert not args.horovod, "Horovod not currently supported for SigLip" return SigLipLoss( rank=args.rank, world_size=args.world_size, ) return ClipLoss( local_loss=args.local_loss, gather_with_grad=args.gather_with_grad, cache_labels=True, rank=args.rank, world_size=args.world_size, use_horovod=args.horovod, ) def create_model_and_transforms( model_name: str, pretrained: Optional[str] = None, precision: str = 'fp32', device: Union[str, torch.device] = 'cpu', jit: bool = False, force_quick_gelu: bool = False, force_custom_text: bool = False, force_patch_dropout: Optional[float] = None, force_image_size: Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, int]]] = None, image_mean: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_std: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_interpolation: Optional[str] = None, image_resize_mode: Optional[str] = None, # only effective for inference aug_cfg: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], AugmentationCfg]] = None, pretrained_image: bool = False, pretrained_hf: bool = True, cache_dir: Optional[str] = None, output_dict: Optional[bool] = None, **model_kwargs, ): force_preprocess_cfg = merge_preprocess_kwargs( {}, mean=image_mean, std=image_std, interpolation=image_interpolation, resize_mode=image_resize_mode) model = create_model( model_name, pretrained, precision=precision, device=device, jit=jit, force_quick_gelu=force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=force_custom_text, force_patch_dropout=force_patch_dropout, force_image_size=force_image_size, force_preprocess_cfg=force_preprocess_cfg, pretrained_image=pretrained_image, pretrained_hf=pretrained_hf, cache_dir=cache_dir, output_dict=output_dict, **model_kwargs, ) pp_cfg = PreprocessCfg(**model.visual.preprocess_cfg) preprocess_train = image_transform_v2( pp_cfg, is_train=True, aug_cfg=aug_cfg, ) preprocess_val = image_transform_v2( pp_cfg, is_train=False, ) return model, preprocess_train, preprocess_val def create_model_from_pretrained( model_name: str, pretrained: Optional[str] = None, precision: str = 'fp32', device: Union[str, torch.device] = 'cpu', jit: bool = False, force_quick_gelu: bool = False, force_custom_text: bool = False, force_image_size: Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, int]]] = None, image_mean: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_std: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_interpolation: Optional[str] = None, image_resize_mode: Optional[str] = None, # only effective for inference return_transform: bool = True, cache_dir: Optional[str] = None, **model_kwargs, ): force_preprocess_cfg = merge_preprocess_kwargs( {}, mean=image_mean, std=image_std, interpolation=image_interpolation, resize_mode=image_resize_mode) model = create_model( model_name, pretrained, precision=precision, device=device, jit=jit, force_quick_gelu=force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=force_custom_text, force_image_size=force_image_size, force_preprocess_cfg=force_preprocess_cfg, cache_dir=cache_dir, require_pretrained=True, **model_kwargs, ) if not return_transform: return model preprocess = image_transform_v2( PreprocessCfg(**model.visual.preprocess_cfg), is_train=False, ) return model, preprocess ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/hf_configs.py ================================================ # HF architecture dict: arch_dict = { # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/roberta#roberta "roberta": { "config_names": { "context_length": "max_position_embeddings", "vocab_size": "vocab_size", "width": "hidden_size", "heads": "num_attention_heads", "layers": "num_hidden_layers", "layer_attr": "layer", "token_embeddings_attr": "embeddings" }, "pooler": "mean_pooler", }, # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/xlm-roberta#transformers.XLMRobertaConfig "xlm-roberta": { "config_names": { "context_length": "max_position_embeddings", "vocab_size": "vocab_size", "width": "hidden_size", "heads": "num_attention_heads", "layers": "num_hidden_layers", "layer_attr": "layer", "token_embeddings_attr": "embeddings" }, "pooler": "mean_pooler", }, # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/mt5#mt5 "mt5": { "config_names": { # unlimited seqlen # https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer/issues/273 # https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v4.24.0/src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py#L374 "context_length": "", "vocab_size": "vocab_size", "width": "d_model", "heads": "num_heads", "layers": "num_layers", "layer_attr": "block", "token_embeddings_attr": "embed_tokens" }, "pooler": "mean_pooler", }, # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/bert "bert": { "config_names": { "context_length": "max_position_embeddings", "vocab_size": "vocab_size", "width": "hidden_size", "heads": "num_attention_heads", "layers": "num_hidden_layers", }, "pooler": "cls_pooler", }, # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/m2m_100 "m2m_100": { "config_names": { "context_length": "max_position_embeddings", "vocab_size": "vocab_size", "width": "d_model", "heads": "encoder_attention_heads", "layers": "encoder_layers", }, "pooler": "cls_pooler", }, } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/hf_model.py ================================================ """ huggingface model adapter Wraps HuggingFace transformers (https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) models for use as a text tower in CLIP model. """ import re import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch import TensorType try: import transformers from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, PretrainedConfig from transformers.modeling_outputs import BaseModelOutput, BaseModelOutputWithPooling, \ BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions except ImportError as e: transformers = None class BaseModelOutput: pass class PretrainedConfig: pass from .hf_configs import arch_dict # utils def _camel2snake(s): return re.sub(r'(? torch.Tensor: # calculated ground-truth and cache if enabled if self.prev_num_logits != num_logits or device not in self.labels: labels = torch.arange(num_logits, device=device, dtype=torch.long) if self.world_size > 1 and self.local_loss: labels = labels + num_logits * self.rank if self.cache_labels: self.labels[device] = labels self.prev_num_logits = num_logits else: labels = self.labels[device] return labels def get_logits(self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale): if self.world_size > 1: all_image_features, all_text_features = gather_features( image_features, text_features, self.local_loss, self.gather_with_grad, self.rank, self.world_size, self.use_horovod) if self.local_loss: logits_per_image = logit_scale * image_features @ all_text_features.T logits_per_text = logit_scale * text_features @ all_image_features.T else: logits_per_image = logit_scale * all_image_features @ all_text_features.T logits_per_text = logits_per_image.T else: logits_per_image = logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.T logits_per_text = logit_scale * text_features @ image_features.T return logits_per_image, logits_per_text def forward(self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale, output_dict=False): device = image_features.device logits_per_image, logits_per_text = self.get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale) labels = self.get_ground_truth(device, logits_per_image.shape[0]) total_loss = ( F.cross_entropy(logits_per_image, labels) + F.cross_entropy(logits_per_text, labels) ) / 2 return {"contrastive_loss": total_loss} if output_dict else total_loss class CoCaLoss(ClipLoss): def __init__( self, caption_loss_weight, clip_loss_weight, pad_id=0, # pad_token for open_clip custom tokenizer local_loss=False, gather_with_grad=False, cache_labels=False, rank=0, world_size=1, use_horovod=False, ): super().__init__( local_loss=local_loss, gather_with_grad=gather_with_grad, cache_labels=cache_labels, rank=rank, world_size=world_size, use_horovod=use_horovod ) self.clip_loss_weight = clip_loss_weight self.caption_loss_weight = caption_loss_weight self.caption_loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=pad_id) def forward(self, image_features, text_features, logits, labels, logit_scale, output_dict=False): clip_loss = torch.tensor(0) if self.clip_loss_weight: clip_loss = super().forward(image_features, text_features, logit_scale) clip_loss = self.clip_loss_weight * clip_loss caption_loss = self.caption_loss( logits.permute(0, 2, 1), labels, ) caption_loss = caption_loss * self.caption_loss_weight if output_dict: return {"contrastive_loss": clip_loss, "caption_loss": caption_loss} return clip_loss, caption_loss class DistillClipLoss(ClipLoss): def dist_loss(self, teacher_logits, student_logits): return -(teacher_logits.softmax(dim=1) * student_logits.log_softmax(dim=1)).sum(dim=1).mean(dim=0) def forward( self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale, dist_image_features, dist_text_features, dist_logit_scale, output_dict=False, ): logits_per_image, logits_per_text = \ self.get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale) dist_logits_per_image, dist_logits_per_text = \ self.get_logits(dist_image_features, dist_text_features, dist_logit_scale) labels = self.get_ground_truth(image_features.device, logits_per_image.shape[0]) contrastive_loss = ( F.cross_entropy(logits_per_image, labels) + F.cross_entropy(logits_per_text, labels) ) / 2 distill_loss = ( self.dist_loss(dist_logits_per_image, logits_per_image) + self.dist_loss(dist_logits_per_text, logits_per_text) ) / 2 if output_dict: return {"contrastive_loss": contrastive_loss, "distill_loss": distill_loss} return contrastive_loss, distill_loss def neighbour_exchange(from_rank, to_rank, tensor, group=None): tensor_recv = torch.zeros_like(tensor) send_op = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.isend, tensor, to_rank, group=group, ) recv_op = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.irecv, tensor_recv, from_rank, group=group, ) reqs = torch.distributed.batch_isend_irecv([send_op, recv_op]) for req in reqs: req.wait() return tensor_recv def neighbour_exchange_bidir(left_rank, right_rank, tensor_to_left, tensor_to_right, group=None): tensor_from_left = torch.zeros_like(tensor_to_right) tensor_from_right = torch.zeros_like(tensor_to_left) send_op_left = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.isend, tensor_to_left, left_rank, group=group, ) send_op_right = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.isend, tensor_to_right, right_rank, group=group, ) recv_op_left = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.irecv, tensor_from_left, left_rank, group=group, ) recv_op_right = torch.distributed.P2POp( torch.distributed.irecv, tensor_from_right, right_rank, group=group, ) reqs = torch.distributed.batch_isend_irecv([send_op_right, send_op_left, recv_op_right, recv_op_left]) for req in reqs: req.wait() return tensor_from_right, tensor_from_left class NeighbourExchange(torch.autograd.Function): @staticmethod def forward(ctx, from_rank, to_rank, group, tensor): ctx.group = group ctx.from_rank = from_rank ctx.to_rank = to_rank return neighbour_exchange(from_rank, to_rank, tensor, group=group) @staticmethod def backward(ctx, grad_output): return (None, None, None) + (NeighbourExchange.apply(ctx.to_rank, ctx.from_rank, ctx.group, grad_output),) def neighbour_exchange_with_grad(from_rank, to_rank, tensor, group=None): return NeighbourExchange.apply(from_rank, to_rank, group, tensor) class NeighbourExchangeBidir(torch.autograd.Function): @staticmethod def forward(ctx, left_rank, right_rank, group, tensor_to_left, tensor_to_right): ctx.group = group ctx.left_rank = left_rank ctx.right_rank = right_rank return neighbour_exchange_bidir(left_rank, right_rank, tensor_to_left, tensor_to_right, group=group) @staticmethod def backward(ctx, *grad_outputs): return (None, None, None) + \ NeighbourExchangeBidir.apply(ctx.right_rank, ctx.left_rank, ctx.group, *grad_outputs) def neighbour_exchange_bidir_with_grad(left_rank, right_rank, tensor_to_left, tensor_to_right, group=None): return NeighbourExchangeBidir.apply(left_rank, right_rank, group, tensor_to_left, tensor_to_right) class SigLipLoss(nn.Module): """ Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training (SigLIP) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15343 @article{zhai2023sigmoid, title={Sigmoid loss for language image pre-training}, author={Zhai, Xiaohua and Mustafa, Basil and Kolesnikov, Alexander and Beyer, Lucas}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.15343}, year={2023} } """ def __init__( self, cache_labels=False, rank=0, world_size=1, bidir=True, use_horovod=False, ): super().__init__() self.cache_labels = cache_labels self.rank = rank self.world_size = world_size assert not use_horovod # FIXME need to look at hvd ops for ring transfers self.use_horovod = use_horovod self.bidir = bidir # cache state FIXME cache not currently used, worthwhile? self.prev_num_logits = 0 self.labels = {} def get_ground_truth(self, device, dtype, num_logits, negative_only=False) -> torch.Tensor: labels = -torch.ones((num_logits, num_logits), device=device, dtype=dtype) if not negative_only: labels = 2 * torch.eye(num_logits, device=device, dtype=dtype) + labels return labels def get_logits(self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale, logit_bias=None): logits = logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.T if logit_bias is not None: logits += logit_bias return logits def _loss(self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale, logit_bias=None, negative_only=False): logits = self.get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale, logit_bias) labels = self.get_ground_truth( image_features.device, image_features.dtype, image_features.shape[0], negative_only=negative_only, ) loss = -F.logsigmoid(labels * logits).sum() / image_features.shape[0] return loss def forward(self, image_features, text_features, logit_scale, logit_bias, output_dict=False): loss = self._loss(image_features, text_features, logit_scale, logit_bias) if self.world_size > 1: # exchange text features w/ neighbour world_size - 1 times right_rank = (self.rank + 1) % self.world_size left_rank = (self.rank - 1 + self.world_size) % self.world_size if self.bidir: text_features_to_right = text_features_to_left = text_features num_bidir, remainder = divmod(self.world_size - 1, 2) for i in range(num_bidir): text_features_recv = neighbour_exchange_bidir_with_grad( left_rank, right_rank, text_features_to_left, text_features_to_right, ) for f in text_features_recv: loss += self._loss( image_features, f, logit_scale, logit_bias, negative_only=True, ) text_features_to_left, text_features_to_right = text_features_recv if remainder: text_features_recv = neighbour_exchange_with_grad( left_rank, right_rank, text_features_to_right) loss += self._loss( image_features, text_features_recv, logit_scale, logit_bias, negative_only=True, ) else: text_features_to_right = text_features for i in range(self.world_size - 1): text_features_from_left = neighbour_exchange_with_grad( left_rank, right_rank, text_features_to_right) loss += self._loss( image_features, text_features_from_left, logit_scale, logit_bias, negative_only=True, ) text_features_to_right = text_features_from_left return {"contrastive_loss": loss} if output_dict else loss ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model.py ================================================ """ CLIP Model Adapted from https://github.com/openai/CLIP. Originally MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 OpenAI. """ import copy import logging import math from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn.functional as F from torch import nn from torch.utils.checkpoint import checkpoint from functools import partial from .hf_model import HFTextEncoder from .modified_resnet import ModifiedResNet from .timm_model import TimmModel from .transformer import LayerNormFp32, LayerNorm, QuickGELU, Attention, VisionTransformer, TextTransformer,\ text_global_pool from .utils import to_2tuple @dataclass class CLIPVisionCfg: layers: Union[Tuple[int, int, int, int], int] = 12 width: int = 768 head_width: int = 64 mlp_ratio: float = 4.0 patch_size: int = 16 image_size: Union[Tuple[int, int], int] = 224 ls_init_value: Optional[float] = None # layer scale initial value patch_dropout: float = 0. # what fraction of patches to dropout during training (0 would mean disabled and no patches dropped) - 0.5 to 0.75 recommended in the paper for optimal results attentional_pool: bool = False # whether to use attentional pooler in the last embedding layer (overrides pool_type) attn_pooler_queries: int = 256 # n_queries for attentional pooler attn_pooler_heads: int = 8 # n heads for attentional_pooling no_ln_pre: bool = False # disable pre transformer LayerNorm pos_embed_type: str = 'learnable' final_ln_after_pool: bool = False # apply final LayerNorm after pooling pool_type: str = 'tok' output_tokens: bool = False act_kwargs: Optional[dict] = None norm_kwargs: Optional[dict] = None timm_model_name: Optional[str] = None # a valid model name overrides layers, width, patch_size timm_model_pretrained: bool = False # use (imagenet) pretrained weights for named model timm_pool: str = 'avg' # feature pooling for timm model ('abs_attn', 'rot_attn', 'avg', '') timm_proj: str = 'linear' # linear projection for timm model output ('linear', 'mlp', '') timm_proj_bias: bool = False # enable bias final projection timm_drop: float = 0. # head dropout timm_drop_path: Optional[float] = None # backbone stochastic depth @dataclass class CLIPTextCfg: context_length: int = 77 vocab_size: int = 49408 hf_tokenizer_name: Optional[str] = None tokenizer_kwargs: Optional[dict] = None width: int = 512 heads: int = 8 layers: int = 12 mlp_ratio: float = 4.0 ls_init_value: Optional[float] = None # layer scale initial value embed_cls: bool = False pad_id: int = 0 no_causal_mask: bool = False # disable causal masking final_ln_after_pool: bool = False # apply final LayerNorm after pooling pool_type: str = 'argmax' proj_bias: bool = False output_tokens: bool = False act_kwargs: dict = None norm_kwargs: dict = None # HuggingFace specific text tower config hf_model_name: Optional[str] = None hf_model_pretrained: bool = True hf_proj_type: str = 'mlp' hf_pooler_type: str = 'mean_pooler' # attentional pooling for HF models def get_cast_dtype(precision: str): cast_dtype = None if precision == 'bf16': cast_dtype = torch.bfloat16 elif precision == 'fp16': cast_dtype = torch.float16 return cast_dtype def get_input_dtype(precision: str): input_dtype = None if precision in ('bf16', 'pure_bf16'): input_dtype = torch.bfloat16 elif precision in ('fp16', 'pure_fp16'): input_dtype = torch.float16 return input_dtype def _build_vision_tower( embed_dim: int, vision_cfg: CLIPVisionCfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None ): if isinstance(vision_cfg, dict): vision_cfg = CLIPVisionCfg(**vision_cfg) # OpenAI models are pretrained w/ QuickGELU but native nn.GELU is both faster and more # memory efficient in recent PyTorch releases (>= 1.10). # NOTE: timm models always use native GELU regardless of quick_gelu flag. act_layer = QuickGELU if quick_gelu else nn.GELU if vision_cfg.timm_model_name: visual = TimmModel( vision_cfg.timm_model_name, pretrained=vision_cfg.timm_model_pretrained, pool=vision_cfg.timm_pool, proj=vision_cfg.timm_proj, proj_bias=vision_cfg.timm_proj_bias, drop=vision_cfg.timm_drop, drop_path=vision_cfg.timm_drop_path, patch_drop=vision_cfg.patch_dropout if vision_cfg.patch_dropout > 0 else None, embed_dim=embed_dim, image_size=vision_cfg.image_size, ) elif isinstance(vision_cfg.layers, (tuple, list)): vision_heads = vision_cfg.width * 32 // vision_cfg.head_width visual = ModifiedResNet( layers=vision_cfg.layers, output_dim=embed_dim, heads=vision_heads, image_size=vision_cfg.image_size, width=vision_cfg.width, ) else: vision_heads = vision_cfg.width // vision_cfg.head_width norm_layer = LayerNormFp32 if cast_dtype in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16) else LayerNorm if vision_cfg.norm_kwargs: norm_layer = partial(norm_layer, **vision_cfg.norm_kwargs) if vision_cfg.act_kwargs is not None: act_layer = partial(act_layer, **vision_cfg.act_kwargs) visual = VisionTransformer( image_size=vision_cfg.image_size, patch_size=vision_cfg.patch_size, width=vision_cfg.width, layers=vision_cfg.layers, heads=vision_heads, mlp_ratio=vision_cfg.mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=vision_cfg.ls_init_value, patch_dropout=vision_cfg.patch_dropout, attentional_pool=vision_cfg.attentional_pool, attn_pooler_queries=vision_cfg.attn_pooler_queries, attn_pooler_heads=vision_cfg.attn_pooler_heads, pos_embed_type=vision_cfg.pos_embed_type, no_ln_pre=vision_cfg.no_ln_pre, final_ln_after_pool=vision_cfg.final_ln_after_pool, pool_type=vision_cfg.pool_type, output_tokens=vision_cfg.output_tokens, output_dim=embed_dim, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) return visual def _build_text_tower( embed_dim: int, text_cfg: CLIPTextCfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, ): if isinstance(text_cfg, dict): text_cfg = CLIPTextCfg(**text_cfg) if text_cfg.hf_model_name: text = HFTextEncoder( text_cfg.hf_model_name, output_dim=embed_dim, proj_type=text_cfg.hf_proj_type, pooler_type=text_cfg.hf_pooler_type, pretrained=text_cfg.hf_model_pretrained, output_tokens=text_cfg.output_tokens, ) else: act_layer = QuickGELU if quick_gelu else nn.GELU norm_layer = LayerNormFp32 if cast_dtype in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16) else LayerNorm if text_cfg.norm_kwargs: norm_layer = partial(norm_layer, **text_cfg.norm_kwargs) if text_cfg.act_kwargs is not None: act_layer = partial(act_layer, **text_cfg.act_kwargs) text = TextTransformer( context_length=text_cfg.context_length, vocab_size=text_cfg.vocab_size, width=text_cfg.width, heads=text_cfg.heads, layers=text_cfg.layers, mlp_ratio=text_cfg.mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=text_cfg.ls_init_value, output_dim=embed_dim, embed_cls=text_cfg.embed_cls, no_causal_mask=text_cfg.no_causal_mask, pad_id=text_cfg.pad_id, pool_type=text_cfg.pool_type, proj_bias=text_cfg.proj_bias, output_tokens=text_cfg.output_tokens, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) return text class CLIP(nn.Module): output_dict: torch.jit.Final[bool] def __init__( self, embed_dim: int, vision_cfg: CLIPVisionCfg, text_cfg: CLIPTextCfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, init_logit_scale: float = np.log(1 / 0.07), init_logit_bias: Optional[float] = None, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, output_dict: bool = False, ): super().__init__() self.output_dict = output_dict self.visual = _build_vision_tower(embed_dim, vision_cfg, quick_gelu, cast_dtype) text = _build_text_tower(embed_dim, text_cfg, quick_gelu, cast_dtype) self.transformer = text.transformer self.context_length = text.context_length self.vocab_size = text.vocab_size self.token_embedding = text.token_embedding self.positional_embedding = text.positional_embedding self.ln_final = text.ln_final self.text_projection = text.text_projection self.text_pool_type = text.pool_type self.register_buffer('attn_mask', text.attn_mask, persistent=False) self.logit_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_scale) if init_logit_bias is not None: self.logit_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_bias) else: self.logit_bias = None def lock_image_tower(self, unlocked_groups=0, freeze_bn_stats=False): # lock image tower as per LiT - https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07991 self.visual.lock(unlocked_groups=unlocked_groups, freeze_bn_stats=freeze_bn_stats) @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): self.visual.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) self.transformer.grad_checkpointing = enable def encode_image(self, image, normalize: bool = False): features = self.visual(image) return F.normalize(features, dim=-1) if normalize else features def encode_text(self, text, normalize: bool = False): cast_dtype = self.transformer.get_cast_dtype() x = self.token_embedding(text).to(cast_dtype) # [batch_size, n_ctx, d_model] x = x + self.positional_embedding.to(cast_dtype) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LND x = self.transformer(x, attn_mask=self.attn_mask) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # LND -> NLD x = self.ln_final(x) # [batch_size, n_ctx, transformer.width] x, _ = text_global_pool(x, text, self.text_pool_type) if self.text_projection is not None: if isinstance(self.text_projection, nn.Linear): x = self.text_projection(x) else: x = x @ self.text_projection return F.normalize(x, dim=-1) if normalize else x def get_logits(self, image, text): image_features = self.encode_image(image, normalize=True) text_features = self.encode_text(text, normalize=True) image_logits = self.logit_scale.exp() * image_features @ text_features.T if self.logit_bias is not None: image_logits += self.logit_bias text_logits = image_logits.T return image_logits, text_logits def forward( self, image: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, text: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, ): image_features = self.encode_image(image, normalize=True) if image is not None else None text_features = self.encode_text(text, normalize=True) if text is not None else None if self.output_dict: out_dict = { "image_features": image_features, "text_features": text_features, "logit_scale": self.logit_scale.exp() } if self.logit_bias is not None: out_dict['logit_bias'] = self.logit_bias return out_dict if self.logit_bias is not None: return image_features, text_features, self.logit_scale.exp(), self.logit_bias return image_features, text_features, self.logit_scale.exp() class CustomTextCLIP(nn.Module): output_dict: torch.jit.Final[bool] def __init__( self, embed_dim: int, vision_cfg: CLIPVisionCfg, text_cfg: CLIPTextCfg, quick_gelu: bool = False, init_logit_scale: float = np.log(1 / 0.07), init_logit_bias: Optional[float] = None, cast_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, output_dict: bool = False, ): super().__init__() self.output_dict = output_dict self.visual = _build_vision_tower(embed_dim, vision_cfg, quick_gelu, cast_dtype) self.text = _build_text_tower(embed_dim, text_cfg, quick_gelu, cast_dtype) self.context_length = self.text.context_length self.vocab_size = self.text.vocab_size self.logit_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_scale) if init_logit_bias is not None: self.logit_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.ones([]) * init_logit_bias) else: self.logit_bias = None def lock_image_tower(self, unlocked_groups=0, freeze_bn_stats=False): # lock image tower as per LiT - https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07991 self.visual.lock(unlocked_groups=unlocked_groups, freeze_bn_stats=freeze_bn_stats) def lock_text_tower(self, unlocked_layers: int = 0, freeze_layer_norm: bool = True): self.text.lock(unlocked_layers, freeze_layer_norm) @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): self.visual.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) self.text.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) def encode_image(self, image, normalize: bool = False): features = self.visual(image) return F.normalize(features, dim=-1) if normalize else features def encode_text(self, text, normalize: bool = False): features = self.text(text) return F.normalize(features, dim=-1) if normalize else features def get_logits(self, image, text): image_features = self.encode_image(image, normalize=True) text_features = self.encode_text(text, normalize=True) image_logits = self.logit_scale.exp() * image_features @ text_features.T if self.logit_bias is not None: image_logits += self.logit_bias text_logits = image_logits.T return image_logits, text_logits def forward( self, image: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, text: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, ): image_features = self.encode_image(image, normalize=True) if image is not None else None text_features = self.encode_text(text, normalize=True) if text is not None else None if self.output_dict: out_dict = { "image_features": image_features, "text_features": text_features, "logit_scale": self.logit_scale.exp() } if self.logit_bias is not None: out_dict['logit_bias'] = self.logit_bias return out_dict if self.logit_bias is not None: return image_features, text_features, self.logit_scale.exp(), self.logit_bias return image_features, text_features, self.logit_scale.exp() def convert_weights_to_lp(model: nn.Module, dtype=torch.float16): """Convert applicable model parameters to low-precision (bf16 or fp16)""" def _convert_weights(l): if isinstance(l, (nn.Conv1d, nn.Conv2d, nn.Linear)): l.weight.data = l.weight.data.to(dtype) if l.bias is not None: l.bias.data = l.bias.data.to(dtype) if isinstance(l, (nn.MultiheadAttention, Attention)): for attr in [*[f"{s}_proj_weight" for s in ["in", "q", "k", "v"]], "in_proj_bias", "bias_k", "bias_v"]: tensor = getattr(l, attr) if tensor is not None: tensor.data = tensor.data.to(dtype) if isinstance(l, (CLIP, TextTransformer)): # convert text nn.Parameter projections attr = getattr(l, "text_projection", None) if attr is not None: attr.data = attr.data.to(dtype) if isinstance(l, VisionTransformer): # convert vision nn.Parameter projections attr = getattr(l, "proj", None) if attr is not None: attr.data = attr.data.to(dtype) model.apply(_convert_weights) convert_weights_to_fp16 = convert_weights_to_lp # backwards compat # used to maintain checkpoint compatibility def convert_to_custom_text_state_dict(state_dict: dict): if 'text_projection' in state_dict: # old format state_dict, move text tower -> .text new_state_dict = {} for k, v in state_dict.items(): if any(k.startswith(p) for p in ( 'text_projection', 'positional_embedding', 'token_embedding', 'transformer', 'ln_final', )): k = 'text.' + k new_state_dict[k] = v return new_state_dict return state_dict def build_model_from_openai_state_dict( state_dict: dict, quick_gelu=True, cast_dtype=torch.float16, ): vit = "visual.proj" in state_dict if vit: vision_width = state_dict["visual.conv1.weight"].shape[0] vision_layers = len( [k for k in state_dict.keys() if k.startswith("visual.") and k.endswith(".attn.in_proj_weight")]) vision_patch_size = state_dict["visual.conv1.weight"].shape[-1] grid_size = round((state_dict["visual.positional_embedding"].shape[0] - 1) ** 0.5) image_size = vision_patch_size * grid_size else: counts: list = [ len(set(k.split(".")[2] for k in state_dict if k.startswith(f"visual.layer{b}"))) for b in [1, 2, 3, 4]] vision_layers = tuple(counts) vision_width = state_dict["visual.layer1.0.conv1.weight"].shape[0] output_width = round((state_dict["visual.attnpool.positional_embedding"].shape[0] - 1) ** 0.5) vision_patch_size = None assert output_width ** 2 + 1 == state_dict["visual.attnpool.positional_embedding"].shape[0] image_size = output_width * 32 embed_dim = state_dict["text_projection"].shape[1] context_length = state_dict["positional_embedding"].shape[0] vocab_size = state_dict["token_embedding.weight"].shape[0] transformer_width = state_dict["ln_final.weight"].shape[0] transformer_heads = transformer_width // 64 transformer_layers = len(set(k.split(".")[2] for k in state_dict if k.startswith(f"transformer.resblocks"))) vision_cfg = CLIPVisionCfg( layers=vision_layers, width=vision_width, patch_size=vision_patch_size, image_size=image_size, ) text_cfg = CLIPTextCfg( context_length=context_length, vocab_size=vocab_size, width=transformer_width, heads=transformer_heads, layers=transformer_layers, ) model = CLIP( embed_dim, vision_cfg=vision_cfg, text_cfg=text_cfg, quick_gelu=quick_gelu, # OpenAI models were trained with QuickGELU cast_dtype=cast_dtype, ) for key in ["input_resolution", "context_length", "vocab_size"]: state_dict.pop(key, None) convert_weights_to_fp16(model) # OpenAI state dicts are partially converted to float16 model.load_state_dict(state_dict) return model.eval() def trace_model(model, batch_size=256, device=torch.device('cpu')): model.eval() image_size = model.visual.image_size example_images = torch.ones((batch_size, 3, image_size, image_size), device=device) example_text = torch.zeros((batch_size, model.context_length), dtype=torch.int, device=device) model = torch.jit.trace_module( model, inputs=dict( forward=(example_images, example_text), encode_text=(example_text,), encode_image=(example_images,) )) model.visual.image_size = image_size return model def resize_pos_embed(state_dict, model, interpolation: str = 'bicubic', antialias: bool = True): # Rescale the grid of position embeddings when loading from state_dict old_pos_embed = state_dict.get('visual.positional_embedding', None) if old_pos_embed is None or not hasattr(model.visual, 'grid_size'): return grid_size = to_2tuple(model.visual.grid_size) extra_tokens = 1 # FIXME detect different token configs (ie no class token, or more) new_seq_len = grid_size[0] * grid_size[1] + extra_tokens if new_seq_len == old_pos_embed.shape[0]: return if extra_tokens: pos_emb_tok, pos_emb_img = old_pos_embed[:extra_tokens], old_pos_embed[extra_tokens:] else: pos_emb_tok, pos_emb_img = None, old_pos_embed old_grid_size = to_2tuple(int(math.sqrt(len(pos_emb_img)))) logging.info('Resizing position embedding grid-size from %s to %s', old_grid_size, grid_size) pos_emb_img = pos_emb_img.reshape(1, old_grid_size[0], old_grid_size[1], -1).permute(0, 3, 1, 2) pos_emb_img = F.interpolate( pos_emb_img, size=grid_size, mode=interpolation, antialias=antialias, align_corners=False, ) pos_emb_img = pos_emb_img.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(1, grid_size[0] * grid_size[1], -1)[0] if pos_emb_tok is not None: new_pos_embed = torch.cat([pos_emb_tok, pos_emb_img], dim=0) else: new_pos_embed = pos_emb_img state_dict['visual.positional_embedding'] = new_pos_embed def resize_text_pos_embed(state_dict, model, interpolation: str = 'linear', antialias: bool = False): old_pos_embed = state_dict.get('positional_embedding', None) if old_pos_embed is None: return # FIXME add support for text cls_token model_pos_embed = getattr(model, 'positional_embedding', None) if model_pos_embed is None: model_pos_embed = getattr(model.text, 'positional_embedding', None) old_num_pos = old_pos_embed.shape[0] old_width = old_pos_embed.shape[1] num_pos = model_pos_embed.shape[0] width = model_pos_embed.shape[1] assert old_width == width, 'text pos_embed width changed!' if old_num_pos == num_pos: return logging.info('Resizing text position embedding num_pos from %s to %s', old_num_pos, num_pos) old_pos_embed = old_pos_embed.reshape(1, old_num_pos, old_width).permute(0, 2, 1) old_pos_embed = F.interpolate( old_pos_embed, size=num_pos, mode=interpolation, antialias=antialias, align_corners=False, ) old_pos_embed = old_pos_embed.permute(0, 2, 1)[0] new_pos_embed = old_pos_embed state_dict['positional_embedding'] = new_pos_embed def get_model_preprocess_cfg(model): module = getattr(model, 'visual', model) preprocess_cfg = getattr(module, 'preprocess_cfg', {}) if not preprocess_cfg: # use separate legacy attributes if preprocess_cfg dict not found size = getattr(module, 'image_size') if size is not None: preprocess_cfg['size'] = size mean = getattr(module, 'image_mean', None) if mean is not None: preprocess_cfg['mean'] = mean std = getattr(module, 'image_std', None) if std is not None: preprocess_cfg['std'] = std return preprocess_cfg def set_model_preprocess_cfg(model, preprocess_cfg: Dict[str, Any]): module = getattr(model, 'visual', model) module.image_mean = preprocess_cfg['mean'] # legacy attribute, keeping for bwd compat module.image_std = preprocess_cfg['std'] # legacy attribute, keeping for bwd compat module.preprocess_cfg = copy.deepcopy(preprocess_cfg) # new attr, package all pp cfg as dict def get_model_tokenize_cfg(model): module = getattr(model, 'text', model) cfg = {} context_length = getattr(module, 'context_length', None) if context_length is not None: cfg['context_length'] = context_length vocab_size = getattr(module, 'vocab_size', None) if vocab_size is not None: cfg['vocab_size'] = vocab_size return cfg ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA01-g-14-plus.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva_giant_patch14_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA01-g-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva_giant_patch14_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA02-B-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva02_base_patch16_clip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA02-E-14-plus.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva02_enormous_patch14_clip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1280, "heads": 20, "layers": 32 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA02-E-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva02_enormous_patch14_clip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA02-L-14-336.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 336, "timm_model_name": "eva02_large_patch14_clip_336", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/EVA02-L-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "eva02_large_patch14_clip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "token", "timm_proj": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN101-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": [ 3, 4, 23, 3 ], "width": 64, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN101.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": [ 3, 4, 23, 3 ], "width": 64, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN50-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": [ 3, 4, 6, 3 ], "width": 64, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN50.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": [ 3, 4, 6, 3 ], "width": 64, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN50x16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "layers": [ 6, 8, 18, 8 ], "width": 96, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN50x4.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 288, "layers": [ 4, 6, 10, 6 ], "width": 80, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/RN50x64.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 448, "layers": [ 3, 15, 36, 10 ], "width": 128, "patch_size": null }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 256, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_256", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-384.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_384", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-512.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 512, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_512", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-i18n-256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 256, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_256", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 250000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-i18n-256", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-SigLIP.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-plus-240.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 240, "layers": 12, "width": 896, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-plus.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 896, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-32-256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 256, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-32-plus-256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 256, "layers": 12, "width": 896, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-32-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-14-378-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 378, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-14-CLIPA-336.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 336, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-14-CLIPA.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-14-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-H-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14-280.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 280, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14-336.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 336, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14-CLIPA-336.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 336, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14-CLIPA.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14-quickgelu.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-16-320.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 320, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-16-SigLIP-256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 256, "timm_model_name": "vit_large_patch16_siglip_256", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-16-SigLIP-384.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "timm_model_name": "vit_large_patch16_siglip_384", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-L-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-M-16-alt.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 384, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 512, "patch_size": 16, "ls_init_value": 1e-4 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 384, "heads": 6, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-M-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 512, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-M-32-alt.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 384, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 512, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 384, "heads": 6, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-M-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 512, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-S-16-alt.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 256, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 384, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 256, "heads": 4, "layers": 10 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-S-16.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 384, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 384, "patch_size": 16 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 384, "heads": 6, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-S-32-alt.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 256, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 384, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 256, "heads": 4, "layers": 10 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-S-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 384, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 384, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 384, "heads": 6, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP-384.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1152, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "timm_model_name": "vit_so400m_patch14_siglip_384", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 64, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 1152, "heads": 16, "layers": 27, "mlp_ratio": 3.7362, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1152, "init_logit_bias": -10, "custom_text": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "timm_model_name": "vit_so400m_patch14_siglip_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 16, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "clean": "canonicalize" }, "width": 1152, "heads": 16, "layers": 27, "mlp_ratio": 3.7362, "no_causal_mask": true, "proj_bias": true, "pool_type": "last", "norm_kwargs":{ "eps": 1e-6 } } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA-336.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1280, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 336, "layers": 48, "width": 1664, "head_width": 104, "mlp_ratio": 4.9231, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 1280, "heads": 20, "layers": 32, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1280, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 48, "width": 1664, "head_width": 104, "mlp_ratio": 4.9231, "patch_size": 14, "no_ln_pre": true, "pool_type": "avg", "final_ln_after_pool": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 32, "vocab_size": 32000, "hf_tokenizer_name": "bert-base-uncased", "tokenizer_kwargs": { "strip_sep_token": true }, "width": 1280, "heads": 20, "layers": 32, "pool_type": "last", "no_causal_mask": true } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-bigG-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1280, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 48, "width": 1664, "head_width": 104, "mlp_ratio": 4.9231, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1280, "heads": 20, "layers": 32 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-e-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1280, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 56, "width": 1792, "head_width": 112, "mlp_ratio": 8.5715, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1280, "heads": 20, "layers": 36 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/ViT-g-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 40, "width": 1408, "head_width": 88, "mlp_ratio": 4.3637, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/coca_ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32, "attentional_pool": true, "attn_pooler_heads": 8, "output_tokens": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12, "embed_cls": true, "output_tokens": true }, "multimodal_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12, "attn_pooler_heads": 8 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/coca_ViT-L-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 24, "width": 1024, "patch_size": 14, "attentional_pool": true, "attn_pooler_heads": 8, "output_tokens": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "embed_cls": true, "output_tokens": true }, "multimodal_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12, "attn_pooler_heads": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/coca_base.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "multimodal_cfg": { "width": 768, "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 64000, "mlp_ratio": 4, "layers": 12, "dim_head": 64, "heads": 12, "n_queries": 256, "attn_pooler_heads": 8 }, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 288, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 18, "output_tokens": true }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "vocab_size": 64000, "layers": 12, "heads": 12, "width": 768, "embed_cls": true, "output_tokens": true }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/coca_roberta-ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32, "output_tokens": true }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "roberta-base", "hf_tokenizer_name": "roberta-base", "hf_proj_type": "linear", "width": 768, "output_tokens": true }, "multimodal_cfg": { "context_length": 76, "width": 768, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 }, "custom_text": true } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_base.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_base", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_base_w.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_base", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 256 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_base_w_320.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_base", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 320 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_large.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_large", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_large_d.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_large", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "mlp", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 256 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 16 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_large_d_320.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_large", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "mlp", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 320 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 768, "heads": 12, "layers": 16 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_small.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_small", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_tiny.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_tiny", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_xlarge.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_xlarge", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 256 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 20 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_xxlarge.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_xxlarge", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 256 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/convnext_xxlarge_320.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "convnext_xxlarge", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "timm_drop": 0.0, "timm_drop_path": 0.1, "image_size": 320 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 1024, "heads": 16, "layers": 24 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/mt5-base-ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "google/mt5-base", "hf_tokenizer_name": "google/mt5-base", "hf_pooler_type": "mean_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/mt5-xl-ViT-H-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "google/mt5-xl", "hf_tokenizer_name": "google/mt5-xl", "hf_pooler_type": "mean_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/nllb-clip-base-siglip.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 768, "custom_text": true, "init_logit_bias": -10, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "timm_model_name": "vit_base_patch16_siglip_384", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-600M", "hf_tokenizer_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-600M", "hf_proj_type": "linear", "hf_pooler_type": "cls_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/nllb-clip-base.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-600M", "hf_tokenizer_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-600M", "hf_proj_type": "linear", "hf_pooler_type": "cls_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/nllb-clip-large-siglip.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1152, "custom_text": true, "init_logit_bias": -10, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 384, "timm_model_name": "vit_so400m_patch14_siglip_384", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "map", "timm_proj": "none" }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-1.3B", "hf_tokenizer_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-1.3B", "hf_proj_type": "linear", "hf_pooler_type": "cls_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/nllb-clip-large.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-1.3B", "hf_tokenizer_name": "facebook/nllb-200-distilled-1.3B", "hf_proj_type": "linear", "hf_pooler_type": "cls_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/roberta-ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "quick_gelu": true, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "roberta-base", "hf_tokenizer_name": "roberta-base", "hf_pooler_type": "mean_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/swin_base_patch4_window7_224.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 640, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "swin_base_patch4_window7_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 640, "heads": 10, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/vit_medium_patch16_gap_256.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "vit_medium_patch16_gap_256", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "image_size": 256 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/vit_relpos_medium_patch16_cls_224.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "timm_model_name": "vit_relpos_medium_patch16_cls_224", "timm_model_pretrained": false, "timm_pool": "", "timm_proj": "linear", "image_size": 224 }, "text_cfg": { "context_length": 77, "vocab_size": 49408, "width": 512, "heads": 8, "layers": 12 } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/xlm-roberta-base-ViT-B-32.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 512, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 12, "width": 768, "patch_size": 32 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "xlm-roberta-base", "hf_tokenizer_name": "xlm-roberta-base", "hf_pooler_type": "mean_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/model_configs/xlm-roberta-large-ViT-H-14.json ================================================ { "embed_dim": 1024, "vision_cfg": { "image_size": 224, "layers": 32, "width": 1280, "head_width": 80, "patch_size": 14 }, "text_cfg": { "hf_model_name": "xlm-roberta-large", "hf_tokenizer_name": "xlm-roberta-large", "hf_pooler_type": "mean_pooler" } } ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/modified_resnet.py ================================================ from collections import OrderedDict import torch from torch import nn from torch.nn import functional as F from open_clip.utils import freeze_batch_norm_2d class Bottleneck(nn.Module): expansion = 4 def __init__(self, inplanes, planes, stride=1): super().__init__() # all conv layers have stride 1. an avgpool is performed after the second convolution when stride > 1 self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(inplanes, planes, 1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes) self.act1 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, 3, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes) self.act2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.avgpool = nn.AvgPool2d(stride) if stride > 1 else nn.Identity() self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes * self.expansion, 1, bias=False) self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * self.expansion) self.act3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.downsample = None self.stride = stride if stride > 1 or inplanes != planes * Bottleneck.expansion: # downsampling layer is prepended with an avgpool, and the subsequent convolution has stride 1 self.downsample = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([ ("-1", nn.AvgPool2d(stride)), ("0", nn.Conv2d(inplanes, planes * self.expansion, 1, stride=1, bias=False)), ("1", nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * self.expansion)) ])) def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): identity = x out = self.act1(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.act2(self.bn2(self.conv2(out))) out = self.avgpool(out) out = self.bn3(self.conv3(out)) if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x) out += identity out = self.act3(out) return out class AttentionPool2d(nn.Module): def __init__(self, spacial_dim: int, embed_dim: int, num_heads: int, output_dim: int = None): super().__init__() self.positional_embedding = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(spacial_dim ** 2 + 1, embed_dim) / embed_dim ** 0.5) self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim) self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim) self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim) self.c_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, output_dim or embed_dim) self.num_heads = num_heads def forward(self, x): x = x.reshape(x.shape[0], x.shape[1], x.shape[2] * x.shape[3]).permute(2, 0, 1) # NCHW -> (HW)NC x = torch.cat([x.mean(dim=0, keepdim=True), x], dim=0) # (HW+1)NC x = x + self.positional_embedding[:, None, :].to(x.dtype) # (HW+1)NC x, _ = F.multi_head_attention_forward( query=x, key=x, value=x, embed_dim_to_check=x.shape[-1], num_heads=self.num_heads, q_proj_weight=self.q_proj.weight, k_proj_weight=self.k_proj.weight, v_proj_weight=self.v_proj.weight, in_proj_weight=None, in_proj_bias=torch.cat([self.q_proj.bias, self.k_proj.bias, self.v_proj.bias]), bias_k=None, bias_v=None, add_zero_attn=False, dropout_p=0., out_proj_weight=self.c_proj.weight, out_proj_bias=self.c_proj.bias, use_separate_proj_weight=True, training=self.training, need_weights=False ) return x[0] class ModifiedResNet(nn.Module): """ A ResNet class that is similar to torchvision's but contains the following changes: - There are now 3 "stem" convolutions as opposed to 1, with an average pool instead of a max pool. - Performs anti-aliasing strided convolutions, where an avgpool is prepended to convolutions with stride > 1 - The final pooling layer is a QKV attention instead of an average pool """ def __init__(self, layers, output_dim, heads, image_size=224, width=64): super().__init__() self.output_dim = output_dim self.image_size = image_size # the 3-layer stem self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, width // 2, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(width // 2) self.act1 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(width // 2, width // 2, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(width // 2) self.act2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(width // 2, width, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(width) self.act3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.avgpool = nn.AvgPool2d(2) # residual layers self._inplanes = width # this is a *mutable* variable used during construction self.layer1 = self._make_layer(width, layers[0]) self.layer2 = self._make_layer(width * 2, layers[1], stride=2) self.layer3 = self._make_layer(width * 4, layers[2], stride=2) self.layer4 = self._make_layer(width * 8, layers[3], stride=2) embed_dim = width * 32 # the ResNet feature dimension self.attnpool = AttentionPool2d(image_size // 32, embed_dim, heads, output_dim) self.init_parameters() def _make_layer(self, planes, blocks, stride=1): layers = [Bottleneck(self._inplanes, planes, stride)] self._inplanes = planes * Bottleneck.expansion for _ in range(1, blocks): layers.append(Bottleneck(self._inplanes, planes)) return nn.Sequential(*layers) def init_parameters(self): if self.attnpool is not None: std = self.attnpool.c_proj.in_features ** -0.5 nn.init.normal_(self.attnpool.q_proj.weight, std=std) nn.init.normal_(self.attnpool.k_proj.weight, std=std) nn.init.normal_(self.attnpool.v_proj.weight, std=std) nn.init.normal_(self.attnpool.c_proj.weight, std=std) for resnet_block in [self.layer1, self.layer2, self.layer3, self.layer4]: for name, param in resnet_block.named_parameters(): if name.endswith("bn3.weight"): nn.init.zeros_(param) def lock(self, unlocked_groups=0, freeze_bn_stats=False): assert unlocked_groups == 0, 'partial locking not currently supported for this model' for param in self.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False if freeze_bn_stats: freeze_batch_norm_2d(self) @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): # FIXME support for non-transformer pass def stem(self, x): x = self.act1(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) x = self.act2(self.bn2(self.conv2(x))) x = self.act3(self.bn3(self.conv3(x))) x = self.avgpool(x) return x def forward(self, x): x = self.stem(x) x = self.layer1(x) x = self.layer2(x) x = self.layer3(x) x = self.layer4(x) x = self.attnpool(x) return x ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/openai.py ================================================ """ OpenAI pretrained model functions Adapted from https://github.com/openai/CLIP. Originally MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 OpenAI. """ import os import warnings from typing import List, Optional, Union import torch from .constants import OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, OPENAI_DATASET_STD from .model import build_model_from_openai_state_dict, convert_weights_to_lp, get_cast_dtype from .pretrained import get_pretrained_url, list_pretrained_models_by_tag, download_pretrained_from_url __all__ = ["list_openai_models", "load_openai_model"] def list_openai_models() -> List[str]: """Returns the names of available CLIP models""" return list_pretrained_models_by_tag('openai') def load_openai_model( name: str, precision: Optional[str] = None, device: Optional[Union[str, torch.device]] = None, cache_dir: Optional[str] = None, ): """Load a CLIP model Parameters ---------- name : str A model name listed by `clip.available_models()`, or the path to a model checkpoint containing the state_dict precision: str Model precision, if None defaults to 'fp32' if device == 'cpu' else 'fp16'. device : Union[str, torch.device] The device to put the loaded model cache_dir : Optional[str] The directory to cache the downloaded model weights Returns ------- model : torch.nn.Module The CLIP model preprocess : Callable[[PIL.Image], torch.Tensor] A torchvision transform that converts a PIL image into a tensor that the returned model can take as its input """ if device is None: device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" if precision is None: precision = 'fp32' if device == 'cpu' else 'fp16' if get_pretrained_url(name, 'openai'): model_path = download_pretrained_from_url(get_pretrained_url(name, 'openai'), cache_dir=cache_dir) elif os.path.isfile(name): model_path = name else: raise RuntimeError(f"Model {name} not found; available models = {list_openai_models()}") try: # loading JIT archive model = torch.jit.load(model_path, map_location="cpu").eval() state_dict = None except RuntimeError: # loading saved state dict state_dict = torch.load(model_path, map_location="cpu") # Build a non-jit model from the OpenAI jitted model state dict cast_dtype = get_cast_dtype(precision) try: model = build_model_from_openai_state_dict(state_dict or model.state_dict(), cast_dtype=cast_dtype) except KeyError: sd = {k[7:]: v for k, v in state_dict["state_dict"].items()} model = build_model_from_openai_state_dict(sd, cast_dtype=cast_dtype) # model from OpenAI state dict is in manually cast fp16 mode, must be converted for AMP/fp32/bf16 use model = model.to(device) # FIXME support pure fp16/bf16 precision modes if precision != 'fp16': model.float() if precision == 'bf16': # for bf16, convert back to low-precision convert_weights_to_lp(model, dtype=torch.bfloat16) # add mean / std attributes for consistency with OpenCLIP models model.visual.image_mean = OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN model.visual.image_std = OPENAI_DATASET_STD return model ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/pos_embed.py ================================================ # Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. # All rights reserved. # This source code is licensed under the license found in the # LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. # -------------------------------------------------------- # Position embedding utils # -------------------------------------------------------- import numpy as np import torch # -------------------------------------------------------- # 2D sine-cosine position embedding # References: # Transformer: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/official/nlp/transformer/model_utils.py # MoCo v3: https://github.com/facebookresearch/moco-v3 # -------------------------------------------------------- def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, grid_size, cls_token=False): """ grid_size: int of the grid height and width return: pos_embed: [grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] or [1+grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] (w/ or w/o cls_token) """ grid_h = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32) grid_w = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32) grid = np.meshgrid(grid_w, grid_h) # here w goes first grid = np.stack(grid, axis=0) grid = grid.reshape([2, 1, grid_size, grid_size]) pos_embed = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid) if cls_token: pos_embed = np.concatenate([np.zeros([1, embed_dim]), pos_embed], axis=0) return pos_embed def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid): assert embed_dim % 2 == 0 # use half of dimensions to encode grid_h emb_h = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim // 2, grid[0]) # (H*W, D/2) emb_w = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim // 2, grid[1]) # (H*W, D/2) emb = np.concatenate([emb_h, emb_w], axis=1) # (H*W, D) return emb def get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, pos): """ embed_dim: output dimension for each position pos: a list of positions to be encoded: size (M,) out: (M, D) """ assert embed_dim % 2 == 0 omega = np.arange(embed_dim // 2, dtype=float) omega /= embed_dim / 2. omega = 1. / 10000**omega # (D/2,) pos = pos.reshape(-1) # (M,) out = np.einsum('m,d->md', pos, omega) # (M, D/2), outer product emb_sin = np.sin(out) # (M, D/2) emb_cos = np.cos(out) # (M, D/2) emb = np.concatenate([emb_sin, emb_cos], axis=1) # (M, D) return emb # -------------------------------------------------------- # Interpolate position embeddings for high-resolution # References: # DeiT: https://github.com/facebookresearch/deit # -------------------------------------------------------- def interpolate_pos_embed(model, checkpoint_model): if 'pos_embed' in checkpoint_model: pos_embed_checkpoint = checkpoint_model['pos_embed'] embedding_size = pos_embed_checkpoint.shape[-1] num_patches = model.patch_embed.num_patches num_extra_tokens = model.pos_embed.shape[-2] - num_patches # height (== width) for the checkpoint position embedding orig_size = int((pos_embed_checkpoint.shape[-2] - num_extra_tokens) ** 0.5) # height (== width) for the new position embedding new_size = int(num_patches ** 0.5) # class_token and dist_token are kept unchanged if orig_size != new_size: print("Position interpolate from %dx%d to %dx%d" % (orig_size, orig_size, new_size, new_size)) extra_tokens = pos_embed_checkpoint[:, :num_extra_tokens] # only the position tokens are interpolated pos_tokens = pos_embed_checkpoint[:, num_extra_tokens:] pos_tokens = pos_tokens.reshape(-1, orig_size, orig_size, embedding_size).permute(0, 3, 1, 2) pos_tokens = torch.nn.functional.interpolate( pos_tokens, size=(new_size, new_size), mode='bicubic', align_corners=False) pos_tokens = pos_tokens.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).flatten(1, 2) new_pos_embed = torch.cat((extra_tokens, pos_tokens), dim=1) checkpoint_model['pos_embed'] = new_pos_embed ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/pretrained.py ================================================ import hashlib import os import urllib import warnings from functools import partial from typing import Dict, Union from tqdm import tqdm from .constants import ( IMAGENET_MEAN, IMAGENET_STD, INCEPTION_MEAN, INCEPTION_STD, OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, OPENAI_DATASET_STD, ) from .version import __version__ try: from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download hf_hub_download = partial(hf_hub_download, library_name="open_clip", library_version=__version__) _has_hf_hub = True except ImportError: hf_hub_download = None _has_hf_hub = False def _pcfg(url='', hf_hub='', **kwargs): # OpenAI / OpenCLIP defaults return { 'url': url, 'hf_hub': hf_hub, 'mean': OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, 'std': OPENAI_DATASET_STD, 'interpolation': 'bicubic', 'resize_mode': 'shortest', **kwargs, } def _slpcfg(url='', hf_hub='', **kwargs): # SiGLIP defaults return { 'url': url, 'hf_hub': hf_hub, 'mean': INCEPTION_MEAN, 'std': INCEPTION_STD, 'interpolation': 'bicubic', 'resize_mode': 'squash', **kwargs, } def _apcfg(url='', hf_hub='', **kwargs): # CLIPA defaults return { 'url': url, 'hf_hub': hf_hub, 'mean': IMAGENET_MEAN, 'std': IMAGENET_STD, 'interpolation': 'bilinear', 'resize_mode': 'squash', **kwargs, } _RN50 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/afeb0e10f9e5a86da6080e35cf09123aca3b358a0c3e3b6c78a7b63bc04b6762/RN50.pt"), yfcc15m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn50-quickgelu-yfcc15m-455df137.pt"), cc12m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn50-quickgelu-cc12m-f000538c.pt"), ) _RN50_quickgelu = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/afeb0e10f9e5a86da6080e35cf09123aca3b358a0c3e3b6c78a7b63bc04b6762/RN50.pt"), yfcc15m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn50-quickgelu-yfcc15m-455df137.pt"), cc12m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn50-quickgelu-cc12m-f000538c.pt"), ) _RN101 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/8fa8567bab74a42d41c5915025a8e4538c3bdbe8804a470a72f30b0d94fab599/RN101.pt"), yfcc15m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn101-quickgelu-yfcc15m-3e04b30e.pt"), ) _RN101_quickgelu = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/8fa8567bab74a42d41c5915025a8e4538c3bdbe8804a470a72f30b0d94fab599/RN101.pt"), yfcc15m=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/rn101-quickgelu-yfcc15m-3e04b30e.pt"), ) _RN50x4 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/7e526bd135e493cef0776de27d5f42653e6b4c8bf9e0f653bb11773263205fdd/RN50x4.pt"), ) _RN50x16 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/52378b407f34354e150460fe41077663dd5b39c54cd0bfd2b27167a4a06ec9aa/RN50x16.pt"), ) _RN50x64 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/be1cfb55d75a9666199fb2206c106743da0f6468c9d327f3e0d0a543a9919d9c/RN50x64.pt"), ) _VITB32 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/40d365715913c9da98579312b702a82c18be219cc2a73407c4526f58eba950af/ViT-B-32.pt"), laion400m_e31=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_32-quickgelu-laion400m_e31-d867053b.pt"), laion400m_e32=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_32-quickgelu-laion400m_e32-46683a32.pt"), laion2b_e16=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_32-laion2b_e16-af8dbd0c.pth"), laion2b_s34b_b79k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s34B-b79K/'), # DataComp-XL models datacomp_xl_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-DataComp.XL-s13B-b90K/'), # DataComp-M models datacomp_m_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-DataComp.M-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_clip_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M.clip-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_laion_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M.laion-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_image_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M.image-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_text_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M.text-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_basic_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M.basic-s128M-b4K/'), commonpool_m_s128m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.M-s128M-b4K/'), # DataComp-S models datacomp_s_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-DataComp.S-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_clip_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S.clip-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_laion_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S.laion-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_image_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S.image-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_text_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S.text-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_basic_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S.basic-s13M-b4K/'), commonpool_s_s13m_b4k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-CommonPool.S-s13M-b4K/'), ) _VITB32_quickgelu = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/40d365715913c9da98579312b702a82c18be219cc2a73407c4526f58eba950af/ViT-B-32.pt"), laion400m_e31=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_32-quickgelu-laion400m_e31-d867053b.pt"), laion400m_e32=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_32-quickgelu-laion400m_e32-46683a32.pt"), metaclip_400m=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/b32_400m.pt"), metaclip_fullcc=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/b32_fullcc2.5b.pt"), ) _VITB32_256 = dict( datacomp_s34b_b86k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-256x256-DataComp-s34B-b86K/'), ) _VITB16 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/5806e77cd80f8b59890b7e101eabd078d9fb84e6937f9e85e4ecb61988df416f/ViT-B-16.pt"), laion400m_e31=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_16-laion400m_e31-00efa78f.pt"), laion400m_e32=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_16-laion400m_e32-55e67d44.pt"), laion2b_s34b_b88k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-laion2B-s34B-b88K/'), # DataComp-XL models datacomp_xl_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-DataComp.XL-s13B-b90K/'), # DataComp-L models datacomp_l_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-DataComp.L-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_clip_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L.clip-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_laion_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L.laion-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_image_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L.image-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_text_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L.text-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_basic_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L.basic-s1B-b8K/'), commonpool_l_s1b_b8k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-16-CommonPool.L-s1B-b8K/'), # DFN dfn2b=_pcfg(hf_hub='apple/DFN2B-CLIP-ViT-B-16/') ) _VITB16_quickgelu = dict( metaclip_400m=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/b16_400m.pt"), metaclip_fullcc=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/b16_fullcc2.5b.pt"), ) _VITB16_PLUS_240 = dict( laion400m_e31=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_16_plus_240-laion400m_e31-8fb26589.pt"), laion400m_e32=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_b_16_plus_240-laion400m_e32-699c4b84.pt"), ) _VITL14 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/b8cca3fd41ae0c99ba7e8951adf17d267cdb84cd88be6f7c2e0eca1737a03836/ViT-L-14.pt"), laion400m_e31=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_l_14-laion400m_e31-69988bb6.pt"), laion400m_e32=_pcfg( "https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/releases/download/v0.2-weights/vit_l_14-laion400m_e32-3d133497.pt"), laion2b_s32b_b82k=_pcfg( hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-L-14-laion2B-s32B-b82K/', mean=INCEPTION_MEAN, std=INCEPTION_STD), # DataComp-XL models datacomp_xl_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-L-14-DataComp.XL-s13B-b90K/'), commonpool_xl_clip_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-L-14-CommonPool.XL.clip-s13B-b90K/'), commonpool_xl_laion_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-L-14-CommonPool.XL.laion-s13B-b90K/'), commonpool_xl_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-L-14-CommonPool.XL-s13B-b90K/'), ) _VITL14_quickgelu = dict( metaclip_400m=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/l14_400m.pt"), metaclip_fullcc=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/l14_fullcc2.5b.pt"), dfn2b=_pcfg(hf_hub='apple/DFN2B-CLIP-ViT-L-14/'), ) _VITL14_336 = dict( openai=_pcfg( "https://openaipublic.azureedge.net/clip/models/3035c92b350959924f9f00213499208652fc7ea050643e8b385c2dac08641f02/ViT-L-14-336px.pt"), ) _VITH14 = dict( laion2b_s32b_b79k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-H-14-laion2B-s32B-b79K/'), ) _VITH14_quickgelu = dict( metaclip_fullcc=_pcfg( "https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/MMPT/metaclip/h14_fullcc2.5b.pt"), dfn5b=_pcfg( hf_hub='apple/DFN5B-CLIP-ViT-H-14/', interpolation="bicubic", resize_mode="squash" ), ) _VITH14_378_quickgelu = dict( dfn5b=_pcfg( hf_hub='apple/DFN5B-CLIP-ViT-H-14-378/', interpolation="bicubic", resize_mode="squash" ), ) _VITg14 = dict( laion2b_s12b_b42k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-g-14-laion2B-s12B-b42K/'), laion2b_s34b_b88k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-g-14-laion2B-s34B-b88K/'), ) _VITbigG14 = dict( laion2b_s39b_b160k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-bigG-14-laion2B-39B-b160k/'), ) _robertaViTB32 = dict( laion2b_s12b_b32k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-roberta-base-laion2B-s12B-b32k/'), ) _xlmRobertaBaseViTB32 = dict( laion5b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-B-32-xlm-roberta-base-laion5B-s13B-b90k/'), ) _xlmRobertaLargeFrozenViTH14 = dict( frozen_laion5b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-ViT-H-14-frozen-xlm-roberta-large-laion5B-s13B-b90k/'), ) _convnext_base = dict( laion400m_s13b_b51k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base-laion400M-s13B-b51K/'), ) _convnext_base_w = dict( laion2b_s13b_b82k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base_w-laion2B-s13B-b82K/'), laion2b_s13b_b82k_augreg=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base_w-laion2B-s13B-b82K-augreg/'), laion_aesthetic_s13b_b82k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base_w-laion_aesthetic-s13B-b82K/'), ) _convnext_base_w_320 = dict( laion_aesthetic_s13b_b82k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base_w_320-laion_aesthetic-s13B-b82K/'), laion_aesthetic_s13b_b82k_augreg=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_base_w_320-laion_aesthetic-s13B-b82K-augreg/'), ) _convnext_large_d = dict( laion2b_s26b_b102k_augreg=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_large_d.laion2B-s26B-b102K-augreg/'), ) _convnext_large_d_320 = dict( laion2b_s29b_b131k_ft=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_large_d_320.laion2B-s29B-b131K-ft/'), laion2b_s29b_b131k_ft_soup=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_large_d_320.laion2B-s29B-b131K-ft-soup/'), ) _convnext_xxlarge = dict( laion2b_s34b_b82k_augreg=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_xxlarge-laion2B-s34B-b82K-augreg/'), laion2b_s34b_b82k_augreg_rewind=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_xxlarge-laion2B-s34B-b82K-augreg-rewind/'), laion2b_s34b_b82k_augreg_soup=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CLIP-convnext_xxlarge-laion2B-s34B-b82K-augreg-soup/'), ) _coca_VITB32 = dict( laion2b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CoCa-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s13B-b90k/'), mscoco_finetuned_laion2b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/mscoco_finetuned_CoCa-ViT-B-32-laion2B-s13B-b90k/') ) _coca_VITL14 = dict( laion2b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/CoCa-ViT-L-14-laion2B-s13B-b90k/'), mscoco_finetuned_laion2b_s13b_b90k=_pcfg(hf_hub='laion/mscoco_finetuned_CoCa-ViT-L-14-laion2B-s13B-b90k/') ) _PRETRAINED = { "RN50": _RN50, "RN50-quickgelu": _RN50_quickgelu, "RN101": _RN101, "RN101-quickgelu": _RN101_quickgelu, "RN50x4": _RN50x4, "RN50x16": _RN50x16, "RN50x64": _RN50x64, "ViT-B-32": _VITB32, "ViT-B-32-256": _VITB32_256, "ViT-B-32-quickgelu": _VITB32_quickgelu, "ViT-B-16": _VITB16, "ViT-B-16-quickgelu": _VITB16_quickgelu, "ViT-B-16-plus-240": _VITB16_PLUS_240, "ViT-L-14": _VITL14, "ViT-L-14-quickgelu": _VITL14_quickgelu, "ViT-L-14-336": _VITL14_336, "ViT-H-14": _VITH14, "ViT-H-14-quickgelu": _VITH14_quickgelu, "ViT-H-14-378-quickgelu": _VITH14_378_quickgelu, "ViT-g-14": _VITg14, "ViT-bigG-14": _VITbigG14, "roberta-ViT-B-32": _robertaViTB32, "xlm-roberta-base-ViT-B-32": _xlmRobertaBaseViTB32, "xlm-roberta-large-ViT-H-14": _xlmRobertaLargeFrozenViTH14, "convnext_base": _convnext_base, "convnext_base_w": _convnext_base_w, "convnext_base_w_320": _convnext_base_w_320, "convnext_large_d": _convnext_large_d, "convnext_large_d_320": _convnext_large_d_320, "convnext_xxlarge": _convnext_xxlarge, "coca_ViT-B-32": _coca_VITB32, "coca_ViT-L-14": _coca_VITL14, "EVA01-g-14": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA01_CLIP_g_14_psz14_s11B.pt laion400m_s11b_b41k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva_giant_patch14_clip_224.laion400m_s11b_b41k/'), ), "EVA01-g-14-plus": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA01_CLIP_g_14_plus_psz14_s11B.pt merged2b_s11b_b114k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva_giant_patch14_plus_clip_224.merged2b_s11b_b114k/'), ), "EVA02-B-16": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA02_CLIP_B_psz16_s8B.pt merged2b_s8b_b131k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva02_base_patch16_clip_224.merged2b_s8b_b131k/'), ), "EVA02-L-14": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA02_CLIP_L_psz14_s4B.pt merged2b_s4b_b131k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva02_large_patch14_clip_224.merged2b_s4b_b131k/'), ), "EVA02-L-14-336": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA02_CLIP_L_336_psz14_s6B.pt merged2b_s6b_b61k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva02_large_patch14_clip_336.merged2b_s6b_b61k/'), ), "EVA02-E-14": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA02_CLIP_E_psz14_s4B.pt laion2b_s4b_b115k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva02_enormous_patch14_clip_224.laion2b_s4b_b115k/'), ), "EVA02-E-14-plus": dict( # from QuanSun/EVA-CLIP/EVA02_CLIP_E_psz14_plus_s9B.pt laion2b_s9b_b144k=_pcfg(hf_hub='timm/eva02_enormous_patch14_plus_clip_224.laion2b_s9b_b144k/'), ), "ViT-B-16-SigLIP": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP/'), ), "ViT-B-16-SigLIP-256": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-256/'), ), "ViT-B-16-SigLIP-i18n-256": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-i18n-256/'), ), "ViT-B-16-SigLIP-384": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-384/'), ), "ViT-B-16-SigLIP-512": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-B-16-SigLIP-512/'), ), "ViT-L-16-SigLIP-256": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-L-16-SigLIP-256/'), ), "ViT-L-16-SigLIP-384": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-L-16-SigLIP-384/'), ), "ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP/'), ), "ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP-384": dict( webli=_slpcfg(hf_hub='timm/ViT-SO400M-14-SigLIP-384/'), ), "ViT-L-14-CLIPA": dict( datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-L-14-CLIPA-datacomp1B/'), ), "ViT-L-14-CLIPA-336": dict( datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-L-14-CLIPA-336-datacomp1B/'), ), "ViT-H-14-CLIPA": dict( datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-H-14-CLIPA-datacomp1B/'), ), "ViT-H-14-CLIPA-336": dict( laion2b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-H-14-CLIPA-336-laion2B/'), datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-H-14-CLIPA-336-datacomp1B/'), ), "ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA": dict( datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA-datacomp1B/'), ), "ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA-336": dict( datacomp1b=_apcfg(hf_hub='UCSC-VLAA/ViT-bigG-14-CLIPA-336-datacomp1B/'), ), "nllb-clip-base": dict( v1=_pcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-clip-base-oc/'), ), "nllb-clip-large": dict( v1=_pcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-clip-large-oc/'), ), "nllb-clip-base-siglip": dict( v1=_slpcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-clip-base-siglip/'), mrl=_slpcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-siglip-mrl-base/'), ), "nllb-clip-large-siglip": dict( v1=_slpcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-clip-large-siglip/'), mrl=_slpcfg(hf_hub='visheratin/nllb-siglip-mrl-large/'), ) } def _clean_tag(tag: str): # normalize pretrained tags return tag.lower().replace('-', '_') def list_pretrained(as_str: bool = False): """ returns list of pretrained models Returns a tuple (model_name, pretrain_tag) by default or 'name:tag' if as_str == True """ return [':'.join([k, t]) if as_str else (k, t) for k in _PRETRAINED.keys() for t in _PRETRAINED[k].keys()] def list_pretrained_models_by_tag(tag: str): """ return all models having the specified pretrain tag """ models = [] tag = _clean_tag(tag) for k in _PRETRAINED.keys(): if tag in _PRETRAINED[k]: models.append(k) return models def list_pretrained_tags_by_model(model: str): """ return all pretrain tags for the specified model architecture """ tags = [] if model in _PRETRAINED: tags.extend(_PRETRAINED[model].keys()) return tags def is_pretrained_cfg(model: str, tag: str): if model not in _PRETRAINED: return False return _clean_tag(tag) in _PRETRAINED[model] def get_pretrained_cfg(model: str, tag: str): if model not in _PRETRAINED: return {} model_pretrained = _PRETRAINED[model] return model_pretrained.get(_clean_tag(tag), {}) def get_pretrained_url(model: str, tag: str): cfg = get_pretrained_cfg(model, _clean_tag(tag)) return cfg.get('url', '') def download_pretrained_from_url( url: str, cache_dir: Union[str, None] = None, ): if not cache_dir: cache_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache/clip") os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True) filename = os.path.basename(url) if 'openaipublic' in url: expected_sha256 = url.split("/")[-2] elif 'mlfoundations' in url: expected_sha256 = os.path.splitext(filename)[0].split("-")[-1] else: expected_sha256 = '' download_target = os.path.join(cache_dir, filename) if os.path.exists(download_target) and not os.path.isfile(download_target): raise RuntimeError(f"{download_target} exists and is not a regular file") if os.path.isfile(download_target): if expected_sha256: if hashlib.sha256(open(download_target, "rb").read()).hexdigest().startswith(expected_sha256): return download_target else: warnings.warn(f"{download_target} exists, but the SHA256 checksum does not match; re-downloading the file") else: return download_target with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as source, open(download_target, "wb") as output: with tqdm(total=int(source.headers.get("Content-Length")), ncols=80, unit='iB', unit_scale=True) as loop: while True: buffer = source.read(8192) if not buffer: break output.write(buffer) loop.update(len(buffer)) if expected_sha256 and not hashlib.sha256(open(download_target, "rb").read()).hexdigest().startswith(expected_sha256): raise RuntimeError(f"Model has been downloaded but the SHA256 checksum does not not match") return download_target def has_hf_hub(necessary=False): if not _has_hf_hub and necessary: # if no HF Hub module installed, and it is necessary to continue, raise error raise RuntimeError( 'Hugging Face hub model specified but package not installed. Run `pip install huggingface_hub`.') return _has_hf_hub def download_pretrained_from_hf( model_id: str, filename: str = 'open_clip_pytorch_model.bin', revision=None, cache_dir: Union[str, None] = None, ): has_hf_hub(True) cached_file = hf_hub_download(model_id, filename, revision=revision, cache_dir=cache_dir) return cached_file def download_pretrained( cfg: Dict, force_hf_hub: bool = False, cache_dir: Union[str, None] = None, ): target = '' if not cfg: return target download_url = cfg.get('url', '') download_hf_hub = cfg.get('hf_hub', '') if download_hf_hub and force_hf_hub: # use HF hub even if url exists download_url = '' if download_url: target = download_pretrained_from_url(download_url, cache_dir=cache_dir) elif download_hf_hub: has_hf_hub(True) # we assume the hf_hub entries in pretrained config combine model_id + filename in # 'org/model_name/filename.pt' form. To specify just the model id w/o filename and # use 'open_clip_pytorch_model.bin' default, there must be a trailing slash 'org/model_name/'. model_id, filename = os.path.split(download_hf_hub) if filename: target = download_pretrained_from_hf(model_id, filename=filename, cache_dir=cache_dir) else: target = download_pretrained_from_hf(model_id, cache_dir=cache_dir) return target ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/push_to_hf_hub.py ================================================ import argparse import json import os from pathlib import Path from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union import torch try: from huggingface_hub import ( create_repo, get_hf_file_metadata, hf_hub_download, hf_hub_url, repo_type_and_id_from_hf_id, upload_folder, list_repo_files, ) from huggingface_hub.utils import EntryNotFoundError _has_hf_hub = True except ImportError: _has_hf_hub = False try: import safetensors.torch _has_safetensors = True except ImportError: _has_safetensors = False from .factory import create_model_from_pretrained, get_model_config, get_tokenizer from .tokenizer import HFTokenizer # Default name for a weights file hosted on the Huggingface Hub. HF_WEIGHTS_NAME = "open_clip_pytorch_model.bin" # default pytorch pkl HF_SAFE_WEIGHTS_NAME = "open_clip_model.safetensors" # safetensors version HF_CONFIG_NAME = 'open_clip_config.json' def save_config_for_hf( model, config_path: str, model_config: Optional[dict] ): preprocess_cfg = { 'mean': model.visual.image_mean, 'std': model.visual.image_std, } other_pp = getattr(model.visual, 'preprocess_cfg', {}) if 'interpolation' in other_pp: preprocess_cfg['interpolation'] = other_pp['interpolation'] if 'resize_mode' in other_pp: preprocess_cfg['resize_mode'] = other_pp['resize_mode'] hf_config = { 'model_cfg': model_config, 'preprocess_cfg': preprocess_cfg, } with config_path.open('w') as f: json.dump(hf_config, f, indent=2) def save_for_hf( model, tokenizer: HFTokenizer, model_config: dict, save_directory: str, safe_serialization: Union[bool, str] = 'both', skip_weights : bool = False, ): config_filename = HF_CONFIG_NAME save_directory = Path(save_directory) save_directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True) if not skip_weights: tensors = model.state_dict() if safe_serialization is True or safe_serialization == "both": assert _has_safetensors, "`pip install safetensors` to use .safetensors" safetensors.torch.save_file(tensors, save_directory / HF_SAFE_WEIGHTS_NAME) if safe_serialization is False or safe_serialization == "both": torch.save(tensors, save_directory / HF_WEIGHTS_NAME) tokenizer.save_pretrained(save_directory) config_path = save_directory / config_filename save_config_for_hf(model, config_path, model_config=model_config) def push_to_hf_hub( model, tokenizer, model_config: Optional[dict], repo_id: str, commit_message: str = 'Add model', token: Optional[str] = None, revision: Optional[str] = None, private: bool = False, create_pr: bool = False, model_card: Optional[dict] = None, safe_serialization: Union[bool, str] = False, ): if not isinstance(tokenizer, HFTokenizer): # FIXME this makes it awkward to push models with new tokenizers, come up with better soln. # default CLIP tokenizers use https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-large-patch14 tokenizer = HFTokenizer('openai/clip-vit-large-patch14') # Create repo if it doesn't exist yet repo_url = create_repo(repo_id, token=token, private=private, exist_ok=True) # Infer complete repo_id from repo_url # Can be different from the input `repo_id` if repo_owner was implicit _, repo_owner, repo_name = repo_type_and_id_from_hf_id(repo_url) repo_id = f"{repo_owner}/{repo_name}" # Check if repo already exists and determine what needs updating repo_exists = False repo_files = {} try: repo_files = set(list_repo_files(repo_id)) repo_exists = True except Exception as e: print('Repo does not exist', e) try: get_hf_file_metadata(hf_hub_url(repo_id=repo_id, filename="README.md", revision=revision)) has_readme = True except EntryNotFoundError: has_readme = False # Dump model and push to Hub with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: # Save model weights and config. save_for_hf( model, tokenizer=tokenizer, model_config=model_config, save_directory=tmpdir, safe_serialization=safe_serialization, ) # Add readme if it does not exist if not has_readme: model_card = model_card or {} model_name = repo_id.split('/')[-1] readme_path = Path(tmpdir) / "README.md" readme_text = generate_readme(model_card, model_name) readme_path.write_text(readme_text) # Upload model and return return upload_folder( repo_id=repo_id, folder_path=tmpdir, revision=revision, create_pr=create_pr, commit_message=commit_message, ) def push_pretrained_to_hf_hub( model_name, pretrained: str, repo_id: str, precision: str = 'fp32', image_mean: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_std: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, image_interpolation: Optional[str] = None, image_resize_mode: Optional[str] = None, # only effective for inference commit_message: str = 'Add model', token: Optional[str] = None, revision: Optional[str] = None, private: bool = False, create_pr: bool = False, model_card: Optional[dict] = None, hf_tokenizer_self: bool = False, ): model, preprocess_eval = create_model_from_pretrained( model_name, pretrained=pretrained, precision=precision, image_mean=image_mean, image_std=image_std, image_interpolation=image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=image_resize_mode, ) model_config = get_model_config(model_name) assert model_config tokenizer = get_tokenizer(model_name) if hf_tokenizer_self: # make hf tokenizer config in the uploaded model point to self instead of original location model_config['text']['hf_tokenizer_name'] = repo_id push_to_hf_hub( model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, model_config=model_config, repo_id=repo_id, commit_message=commit_message, token=token, revision=revision, private=private, create_pr=create_pr, model_card=model_card, safe_serialization='both', ) def generate_readme(model_card: dict, model_name: str): tags = model_card.pop('tags', ('clip',)) pipeline_tag = model_card.pop('pipeline_tag', 'zero-shot-image-classification') readme_text = "---\n" if tags: readme_text += "tags:\n" for t in tags: readme_text += f"- {t}\n" readme_text += "library_name: open_clip\n" readme_text += f"pipeline_tag: {pipeline_tag}\n" readme_text += f"license: {model_card.get('license', 'mit')}\n" if 'details' in model_card and 'Dataset' in model_card['details']: readme_text += 'datasets:\n' readme_text += f"- {model_card['details']['Dataset'].lower()}\n" readme_text += "---\n" readme_text += f"# Model card for {model_name}\n" if 'description' in model_card: readme_text += f"\n{model_card['description']}\n" if 'details' in model_card: readme_text += f"\n## Model Details\n" for k, v in model_card['details'].items(): if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)): readme_text += f"- **{k}:**\n" for vi in v: readme_text += f" - {vi}\n" elif isinstance(v, dict): readme_text += f"- **{k}:**\n" for ki, vi in v.items(): readme_text += f" - {ki}: {vi}\n" else: readme_text += f"- **{k}:** {v}\n" if 'usage' in model_card: readme_text += f"\n## Model Usage\n" readme_text += model_card['usage'] readme_text += '\n' if 'comparison' in model_card: readme_text += f"\n## Model Comparison\n" readme_text += model_card['comparison'] readme_text += '\n' if 'citation' in model_card: readme_text += f"\n## Citation\n" if not isinstance(model_card['citation'], (list, tuple)): citations = [model_card['citation']] else: citations = model_card['citation'] for c in citations: readme_text += f"```bibtex\n{c}\n```\n" return readme_text if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Push to Hugging Face Hub") parser.add_argument( "--model", type=str, help="Name of the model to use.", ) parser.add_argument( "--pretrained", type=str, help="Use a pretrained CLIP model weights with the specified tag or file path.", ) parser.add_argument( "--repo-id", type=str, help="Destination HF Hub repo-id ie 'organization/model_id'.", ) parser.add_argument( "--precision", type=str, default='fp32', ) parser.add_argument( '--image-mean', type=float, nargs='+', default=None, metavar='MEAN', help='Override default image mean value of dataset') parser.add_argument( '--image-std', type=float, nargs='+', default=None, metavar='STD', help='Override default image std deviation of of dataset') parser.add_argument( '--image-interpolation', default=None, type=str, choices=['bicubic', 'bilinear', 'random'], help="image resize interpolation" ) parser.add_argument( '--image-resize-mode', default=None, type=str, choices=['shortest', 'longest', 'squash'], help="image resize mode during inference" ) parser.add_argument( "--hf-tokenizer-self", default=False, action="store_true", help="make hf_tokenizer_name point in uploaded config point to itself" ) args = parser.parse_args() print(f'Saving model {args.model} with pretrained weights {args.pretrained} to Hugging Face Hub at {args.repo_id}') # FIXME add support to pass model_card json / template from file via cmd line push_pretrained_to_hf_hub( args.model, args.pretrained, args.repo_id, precision=args.precision, image_mean=args.image_mean, # override image mean/std if trained w/ non defaults image_std=args.image_std, image_interpolation=args.image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=args.image_resize_mode, ) print(f'{args.model} saved.') ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/timm_model.py ================================================ """ timm model adapter Wraps timm (https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models) models for use as a vision tower in CLIP model. """ import logging from collections import OrderedDict import torch import torch.nn as nn try: import timm from timm.models.layers import Mlp, to_2tuple try: # old timm imports < 0.8.1 from timm.models.layers.attention_pool2d import RotAttentionPool2d from timm.models.layers.attention_pool2d import AttentionPool2d as AbsAttentionPool2d except ImportError: # new timm imports >= 0.8.1 from timm.layers import RotAttentionPool2d from timm.layers import AttentionPool2d as AbsAttentionPool2d except ImportError: timm = None from .utils import freeze_batch_norm_2d class TimmModel(nn.Module): """ timm model adapter """ def __init__( self, model_name, embed_dim, image_size=224, pool='avg', proj='linear', proj_bias=False, drop=0., drop_path=None, patch_drop=None, pretrained=False, ): super().__init__() if timm is None: raise RuntimeError("Please `pip install timm` to use timm models.") self.image_size = to_2tuple(image_size) # setup kwargs that may not be common across all models timm_kwargs = {} if drop_path is not None: timm_kwargs['drop_path_rate'] = drop_path if patch_drop is not None: timm_kwargs['patch_drop_rate'] = patch_drop custom_pool = pool in ('abs_attn', 'rot_attn') if proj: assert proj in ("linear", "mlp", "none") extra_proj = proj in ("linear", "mlp") if not extra_proj and not custom_pool: # use network classifier head as projection if no proj specified and no custom pooling used # if projection is explicitly set to "none" will be pass through from network trunk proj_dim = 0 if proj == 'none' else embed_dim self.trunk = timm.create_model( model_name, num_classes=proj_dim, global_pool=pool, pretrained=pretrained, **timm_kwargs, ) prev_chs = embed_dim else: self.trunk = timm.create_model( model_name, pretrained=pretrained, **timm_kwargs, ) feat_size = self.trunk.default_cfg.get('pool_size', None) feature_ndim = 1 if not feat_size else 2 if custom_pool: assert feature_ndim == 2 # if attn pooling used, remove both classifier and default pool self.trunk.reset_classifier(0, global_pool='') else: # reset global pool if pool config set, otherwise leave as network default reset_kwargs = dict(global_pool=pool) if pool else {} self.trunk.reset_classifier(0, **reset_kwargs) prev_chs = self.trunk.num_features head_layers = OrderedDict() # Add custom pooling to head if pool == 'abs_attn': head_layers['pool'] = AbsAttentionPool2d(prev_chs, feat_size=feat_size, out_features=embed_dim) prev_chs = embed_dim elif pool == 'rot_attn': head_layers['pool'] = RotAttentionPool2d(prev_chs, out_features=embed_dim) prev_chs = embed_dim # NOTE attention pool ends with a projection layer, so proj should usually be set to '' if such pooling is used if proj == 'linear': head_layers['drop'] = nn.Dropout(drop) head_layers['proj'] = nn.Linear(prev_chs, embed_dim, bias=proj_bias) elif proj == 'mlp': head_layers['mlp'] = Mlp(prev_chs, 2 * embed_dim, embed_dim, drop=(drop, 0), bias=(True, proj_bias)) self.head = nn.Sequential(head_layers) def lock(self, unlocked_groups=0, freeze_bn_stats=False): """ lock modules Args: unlocked_groups (int): leave last n layer groups unlocked (default: 0) """ if not unlocked_groups: # lock full model for param in self.trunk.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False if freeze_bn_stats: freeze_batch_norm_2d(self.trunk) else: # NOTE: partial freeze requires latest timm (master) branch and is subject to change try: # FIXME import here until API stable and in an official release from timm.models.helpers import group_parameters, group_modules except ImportError: raise RuntimeError( 'Please install latest timm `pip install git+https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models`') matcher = self.trunk.group_matcher() gparams = group_parameters(self.trunk, matcher) max_layer_id = max(gparams.keys()) max_layer_id = max_layer_id - unlocked_groups for group_idx in range(max_layer_id + 1): group = gparams[group_idx] for param in group: self.trunk.get_parameter(param).requires_grad = False if freeze_bn_stats: gmodules = group_modules(self.trunk, matcher, reverse=True) gmodules = {k for k, v in gmodules.items() if v <= max_layer_id} freeze_batch_norm_2d(self.trunk, gmodules) @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): try: self.trunk.set_grad_checkpointing(enable) except Exception as e: logging.warning('grad checkpointing not supported for this timm image tower, continuing without...') def forward(self, x): x = self.trunk(x) x = self.head(x) return x ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/tokenizer.py ================================================ """ CLIP tokenizer Copied from https://github.com/openai/CLIP. Originally MIT License, Copyright (c) 2021 OpenAI. """ import gzip import html import os import random import string from functools import lru_cache, partial from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union import warnings import ftfy import numpy as np import regex as re import torch # https://stackoverflow.com/q/62691279 os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "false" _nltk_init = False DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH = 77 # default context length for OpenAI CLIP @lru_cache() def default_bpe(): return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "bpe_simple_vocab_16e6.txt.gz") @lru_cache() def bytes_to_unicode(): """ Returns list of utf-8 byte and a corresponding list of unicode strings. The reversible bpe codes work on unicode strings. This means you need a large # of unicode characters in your vocab if you want to avoid UNKs. When you're at something like a 10B token dataset you end up needing around 5K for decent coverage. This is a significant percentage of your normal, say, 32K bpe vocab. To avoid that, we want lookup tables between utf-8 bytes and unicode strings. And avoids mapping to whitespace/control characters the bpe code barfs on. """ bs = list(range(ord("!"), ord("~")+1))+list(range(ord("¡"), ord("¬")+1))+list(range(ord("®"), ord("ÿ")+1)) cs = bs[:] n = 0 for b in range(2**8): if b not in bs: bs.append(b) cs.append(2**8+n) n += 1 cs = [chr(n) for n in cs] return dict(zip(bs, cs)) def get_pairs(word): """Return set of symbol pairs in a word. Word is represented as tuple of symbols (symbols being variable-length strings). """ pairs = set() prev_char = word[0] for char in word[1:]: pairs.add((prev_char, char)) prev_char = char return pairs def basic_clean(text): text = ftfy.fix_text(text) text = html.unescape(html.unescape(text)) return text.strip() def whitespace_clean(text): text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text) text = text.strip() return text def _clean_canonicalize(x): # basic, remove whitespace, remove punctuation, lower case return canonicalize_text(basic_clean(x)) def _clean_lower(x): # basic, remove whitespace, lower case return whitespace_clean(basic_clean(x)).lower() def _clean_whitespace(x): # basic, remove whitespace return whitespace_clean(basic_clean(x)) def get_clean_fn(type: str): if type == 'canonicalize': return _clean_canonicalize elif type == 'lower': return _clean_lower elif type == 'whitespace': return _clean_whitespace else: assert False, f"Invalid clean function ({type})." def canonicalize_text(text, *, keep_punctuation_exact_string=None): """Returns canonicalized `text` (lowercase and punctuation removed). From: https://github.com/google-research/big_vision/blob/53f18caf27a9419231bbf08d3388b07671616d3d/big_vision/evaluators/proj/image_text/prompt_engineering.py#L94 Args: text: string to be canonicalized. keep_punctuation_exact_string: If provided, then this exact string kept. For example providing '{}' will keep any occurrences of '{}' (but will still remove '{' and '}' that appear separately). """ text = text.replace("_", " ") if keep_punctuation_exact_string: text = keep_punctuation_exact_string.join( part.translate(str.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation)) for part in text.split(keep_punctuation_exact_string)) else: text = text.translate(str.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation)) text = text.lower() text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text) return text.strip() class SimpleTokenizer(object): def __init__( self, bpe_path: str = default_bpe(), additional_special_tokens: Optional[List[str]] = None, context_length: Optional[int] = DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH, clean: str = 'lower', reduction_mask: str = '' ): self.byte_encoder = bytes_to_unicode() self.byte_decoder = {v: k for k, v in self.byte_encoder.items()} merges = gzip.open(bpe_path).read().decode("utf-8").split('\n') merges = merges[1:49152-256-2+1] merges = [tuple(merge.split()) for merge in merges] vocab = list(bytes_to_unicode().values()) vocab = vocab + [v+'' for v in vocab] for merge in merges: vocab.append(''.join(merge)) special_tokens = ['', ''] if additional_special_tokens: special_tokens += additional_special_tokens vocab.extend(special_tokens) self.encoder = dict(zip(vocab, range(len(vocab)))) self.decoder = {v: k for k, v in self.encoder.items()} self.bpe_ranks = dict(zip(merges, range(len(merges)))) self.cache = {t:t for t in special_tokens} special = "|".join(special_tokens) self.pat = re.compile( special + r"""|'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d|[\p{L}]+|[\p{N}]|[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+""", re.IGNORECASE, ) self.vocab_size = len(self.encoder) self.all_special_ids = [self.encoder[t] for t in special_tokens] self.sot_token_id = self.all_special_ids[0] self.eot_token_id = self.all_special_ids[1] self.context_length = context_length self.clean_fn = get_clean_fn(clean) self.reduction_fn = get_reduction_mask_fn(reduction_mask) if reduction_mask else None def bpe(self, token): if token in self.cache: return self.cache[token] word = tuple(token[:-1]) + ( token[-1] + '',) pairs = get_pairs(word) if not pairs: return token+'' while True: bigram = min(pairs, key = lambda pair: self.bpe_ranks.get(pair, float('inf'))) if bigram not in self.bpe_ranks: break first, second = bigram new_word = [] i = 0 while i < len(word): try: j = word.index(first, i) new_word.extend(word[i:j]) i = j except: new_word.extend(word[i:]) break if word[i] == first and i < len(word)-1 and word[i+1] == second: new_word.append(first+second) i += 2 else: new_word.append(word[i]) i += 1 new_word = tuple(new_word) word = new_word if len(word) == 1: break else: pairs = get_pairs(word) word = ' '.join(word) self.cache[token] = word return word def encode(self, text): bpe_tokens = [] text = self.clean_fn(text) for token in re.findall(self.pat, text): token = ''.join(self.byte_encoder[b] for b in token.encode('utf-8')) bpe_tokens.extend(self.encoder[bpe_token] for bpe_token in self.bpe(token).split(' ')) return bpe_tokens def decode(self, tokens): text = ''.join([self.decoder[token] for token in tokens]) text = bytearray([self.byte_decoder[c] for c in text]).decode('utf-8', errors="replace").replace('', ' ') return text def __call__(self, texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: Optional[int] = None) -> torch.LongTensor: """ Returns the tokenized representation of given input string(s) Parameters ---------- texts : Union[str, List[str]] An input string or a list of input strings to tokenize context_length : int The context length to use; all CLIP models use 77 as the context length Returns ------- A two-dimensional tensor containing the resulting tokens, shape = [number of input strings, context_length] """ if isinstance(texts, str): texts = [texts] context_length = context_length or self.context_length assert context_length, 'Please set a valid context length' if self.reduction_fn is not None: # use reduction strategy for tokenize if set, otherwise default to truncation below return self.reduction_fn( texts, context_length=context_length, sot_token_id=self.sot_token_id, eot_token_id=self.eot_token_id, encode_fn=self.encode, ) all_tokens = [[self.sot_token_id] + self.encode(text) + [self.eot_token_id] for text in texts] result = torch.zeros(len(all_tokens), context_length, dtype=torch.long) for i, tokens in enumerate(all_tokens): if len(tokens) > context_length: tokens = tokens[:context_length] # Truncate tokens[-1] = self.eot_token_id result[i, :len(tokens)] = torch.tensor(tokens) return result _tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer() def decode(output_ids: torch.Tensor): output_ids = output_ids.cpu().numpy() return _tokenizer.decode(output_ids) def tokenize(texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: int = DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH) -> torch.LongTensor: return _tokenizer(texts, context_length=context_length) def random_mask_tokenize( texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: int, sot_token_id: int, eot_token_id: int, encode_fn: Callable, shuffle: bool = False, ): all_tokens = [encode_fn(text) for text in texts] result = torch.zeros(len(all_tokens), context_length, dtype=torch.long) for i, tokens in enumerate(all_tokens): tokens = torch.tensor(tokens) num_tokens = len(tokens) if num_tokens > context_length - 2: # 2 for sot and eot token num_keep = context_length - 2 indices = torch.randperm(len(tokens)) indices = indices[:num_keep] if not shuffle: indices = indices.msort() tokens = tokens[indices] num_tokens = num_keep result[i, 0] = sot_token_id result[i, 1:num_tokens + 1] = tokens result[i, num_tokens + 1] = eot_token_id return result def simple_mask_tokenize( texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: int, sot_token_id: int, eot_token_id: int, encode_fn: Callable, ): all_tokens = [encode_fn(text) for text in texts] result = torch.zeros(len(all_tokens), context_length, dtype=torch.long) for i, tokens in enumerate(all_tokens): num_tokens = len(tokens) if num_tokens > context_length - 2: # 2 for sot and eot token num_keep = context_length - 2 start_index = random.randint(0, num_tokens - num_keep) # high is incl tokens = tokens[start_index: start_index + num_keep] tokens = [sot_token_id] + tokens + [eot_token_id] result[i, :len(tokens)] = torch.tensor(tokens) return result def syntax_mask_tokenize( texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: int, sot_token_id: int, eot_token_id: int, encode_fn: Callable, ) -> torch.LongTensor: """ Returns the tokenized representation of given input string(s). Apply syntax masking before tokenize. """ import nltk global _nltk_init if not _nltk_init: # run them for the first time nltk.download('punkt') nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger') _nltk_init = True def get_order(x): if x.startswith('NN'): return 1 elif x.startswith('JJ'): return 2 elif x.startswith('VB'): return 3 else: return 4 # syntax masking new_texts = [] for text in texts: list_tokens = nltk.tokenize.word_tokenize(text) pos_tags = nltk.pos_tag(list_tokens) # sample the words by get_order method order_list = [get_order(tag) for _, tag in pos_tags] sorted_ids = np.argsort(np.array(order_list)) sampled_ids = sorted(sorted_ids[:context_length - 2]) # need 2 slots for sot and eot tokens sampled_tokens = np.take(np.array(list_tokens), sampled_ids, axis=0) # sample the tokens new_text = '' for token in sampled_tokens: new_text = new_text + str(token) + ' ' new_text = new_text.strip() new_texts.append(new_text) texts = new_texts all_tokens = [[sot_token_id] + encode_fn(text) + [eot_token_id] for text in texts] result = torch.zeros(len(all_tokens), context_length, dtype=torch.long) for i, tokens in enumerate(all_tokens): # still need first truncate because some words produces two tokens if len(tokens) > context_length: tokens = tokens[:context_length] # Truncate tokens[-1] = eot_token_id result[i, :len(tokens)] = torch.tensor(tokens) return result def get_reduction_mask_fn(type: str): """ Choose strategy for dropping (masking) tokens to achieve target context length""" assert type in ('simple', 'random', 'shuffle', 'syntax') if type == 'simple': return simple_mask_tokenize # randomly select block [start:end] elif type == 'random': return random_mask_tokenize # randomly drop tokens (keep order) elif type == 'shuffle': return partial(random_mask_tokenize, shuffle=True) # randomly drop tokens (shuffle order) elif type == 'syntax': return syntax_mask_tokenize # randomly drop prioritized by syntax class HFTokenizer: """HuggingFace tokenizer wrapper""" def __init__( self, tokenizer_name: str, context_length: Optional[int] = DEFAULT_CONTEXT_LENGTH, clean: str = 'whitespace', strip_sep_token: bool = False, language: Optional[str] = None, ): from transformers import AutoTokenizer self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_name) set_lang_fn = getattr(self.tokenizer, 'set_src_lang_special_tokens', None) if callable(set_lang_fn): self.set_lang_fn = set_lang_fn if language is not None: self.set_language(language) self.context_length = context_length self.clean_fn = get_clean_fn(clean) self.strip_sep_token = strip_sep_token def save_pretrained(self, dest): self.tokenizer.save_pretrained(dest) def __call__(self, texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: Optional[int] = None) -> torch.Tensor: # same cleaning as for default tokenizer, except lowercasing # adding lower (for case-sensitive tokenizers) will make it more robust but less sensitive to nuance if isinstance(texts, str): texts = [texts] context_length = context_length or self.context_length assert context_length, 'Please set a valid context length in class init or call.' texts = [self.clean_fn(text) for text in texts] input_ids = self.tokenizer.batch_encode_plus( texts, return_tensors='pt', max_length=context_length, padding='max_length', truncation=True, ).input_ids if self.strip_sep_token: input_ids = torch.where( input_ids == self.tokenizer.sep_token_id, torch.zeros_like(input_ids), input_ids, ) return input_ids def set_language(self, src_lang): if hasattr(self, 'set_lang_fn'): self.set_lang_fn(src_lang) else: warnings.warn('Cannot set language for the tokenizer.') class SigLipTokenizer: """HuggingFace tokenizer wrapper for SigLIP T5 compatible sentencepiece vocabs """ VOCAB_FILES = { # english, vocab_size=32_000 "c4-en": "http://storage.googleapis.com/t5-data/vocabs/cc_en.32000/sentencepiece.model", # used in multilingual models (mT5, PaLI), vocab_size=250_000 "mc4": "http://storage.googleapis.com/t5-data/vocabs/mc4.250000.100extra/sentencepiece.model", } def __init__( self, tokenizer_name: str, context_length: Optional[int] = 64, ): from transformers import T5TokenizerFast if tokenizer_name in self.VOCAB_FILES: # FIXME temporary hack? import tempfile import fsspec vocab_file = self.VOCAB_FILES[tokenizer_name] with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('wb') as dst: with fsspec.open(vocab_file, 'rb') as src: dst.write(src.read()) self.tokenizer = T5TokenizerFast(dst.name, legacy=False) else: self.tokenizer = T5TokenizerFast(tokenizer_name, legacy=False) self.tokenizer.pad_token_id = 1 self.tokenizer.eos_token_id = 1 self.context_length = context_length def save_pretrained(self, dest): self.tokenizer.save_pretrained(dest) def __call__(self, texts: Union[str, List[str]], context_length: Optional[int] = None) -> torch.Tensor: # same cleaning as for default tokenizer, except lowercasing # adding lower (for case-sensitive tokenizers) will make it more robust but less sensitive to nuance if isinstance(texts, str): texts = [texts] context_length = context_length or self.context_length assert context_length, 'Please set a valid context length in class init or call.' texts = [canonicalize_text(basic_clean(text)) for text in texts] output = self.tokenizer( texts, return_tensors='pt', max_length=context_length, padding='max_length', truncation=True, ) return output.input_ids ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/transform.py ================================================ import numbers import random import warnings from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union import torch import torchvision.transforms.functional as F from torchvision.transforms import Normalize, Compose, RandomResizedCrop, InterpolationMode, ToTensor, Resize, \ CenterCrop, ColorJitter, Grayscale from .constants import OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN, OPENAI_DATASET_STD from .utils import to_2tuple @dataclass class PreprocessCfg: size: Union[int, Tuple[int, int]] = 224 mode: str = 'RGB' mean: Tuple[float, ...] = OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN std: Tuple[float, ...] = OPENAI_DATASET_STD interpolation: str = 'bicubic' resize_mode: str = 'shortest' fill_color: int = 0 def __post_init__(self): assert self.mode in ('RGB',) @property def num_channels(self): return 3 @property def input_size(self): return (self.num_channels,) + to_2tuple(self.size) _PREPROCESS_KEYS = set(asdict(PreprocessCfg()).keys()) def merge_preprocess_dict( base: Union[PreprocessCfg, Dict], overlay: Dict, ): """ Merge overlay key-value pairs on top of base preprocess cfg or dict. Input dicts are filtered based on PreprocessCfg fields. """ if isinstance(base, PreprocessCfg): base_clean = asdict(base) else: base_clean = {k: v for k, v in base.items() if k in _PREPROCESS_KEYS} if overlay: overlay_clean = {k: v for k, v in overlay.items() if k in _PREPROCESS_KEYS and v is not None} base_clean.update(overlay_clean) return base_clean def merge_preprocess_kwargs(base: PreprocessCfg, **kwargs): return merge_preprocess_dict(base, kwargs) @dataclass class AugmentationCfg: scale: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 1.0) ratio: Optional[Tuple[float, float]] = None color_jitter: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float, float], Tuple[float, float, float, float]]] = None re_prob: Optional[float] = None re_count: Optional[int] = None use_timm: bool = False # params for simclr_jitter_gray color_jitter_prob: float = None gray_scale_prob: float = None def _setup_size(size, error_msg): if isinstance(size, numbers.Number): return int(size), int(size) if isinstance(size, Sequence) and len(size) == 1: return size[0], size[0] if len(size) != 2: raise ValueError(error_msg) return size class ResizeKeepRatio: """ Resize and Keep Ratio Copy & paste from `timm` """ def __init__( self, size, longest=0., interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC, random_scale_prob=0., random_scale_range=(0.85, 1.05), random_aspect_prob=0., random_aspect_range=(0.9, 1.11) ): if isinstance(size, (list, tuple)): self.size = tuple(size) else: self.size = (size, size) self.interpolation = interpolation self.longest = float(longest) # [0, 1] where 0 == shortest edge, 1 == longest self.random_scale_prob = random_scale_prob self.random_scale_range = random_scale_range self.random_aspect_prob = random_aspect_prob self.random_aspect_range = random_aspect_range @staticmethod def get_params( img, target_size, longest, random_scale_prob=0., random_scale_range=(0.85, 1.05), random_aspect_prob=0., random_aspect_range=(0.9, 1.11) ): """Get parameters """ source_size = img.size[::-1] # h, w h, w = source_size target_h, target_w = target_size ratio_h = h / target_h ratio_w = w / target_w ratio = max(ratio_h, ratio_w) * longest + min(ratio_h, ratio_w) * (1. - longest) if random_scale_prob > 0 and random.random() < random_scale_prob: ratio_factor = random.uniform(random_scale_range[0], random_scale_range[1]) ratio_factor = (ratio_factor, ratio_factor) else: ratio_factor = (1., 1.) if random_aspect_prob > 0 and random.random() < random_aspect_prob: aspect_factor = random.uniform(random_aspect_range[0], random_aspect_range[1]) ratio_factor = (ratio_factor[0] / aspect_factor, ratio_factor[1] * aspect_factor) size = [round(x * f / ratio) for x, f in zip(source_size, ratio_factor)] return size def __call__(self, img): """ Args: img (PIL Image): Image to be cropped and resized. Returns: PIL Image: Resized, padded to at least target size, possibly cropped to exactly target size """ size = self.get_params( img, self.size, self.longest, self.random_scale_prob, self.random_scale_range, self.random_aspect_prob, self.random_aspect_range ) img = F.resize(img, size, self.interpolation) return img def __repr__(self): format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0}'.format(self.size) format_string += f', interpolation={self.interpolation})' format_string += f', longest={self.longest:.3f})' return format_string def center_crop_or_pad(img: torch.Tensor, output_size: List[int], fill=0) -> torch.Tensor: """Center crops and/or pads the given image. If the image is torch Tensor, it is expected to have [..., H, W] shape, where ... means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions. If image size is smaller than output size along any edge, image is padded with 0 and then center cropped. Args: img (PIL Image or Tensor): Image to be cropped. output_size (sequence or int): (height, width) of the crop box. If int or sequence with single int, it is used for both directions. fill (int, Tuple[int]): Padding color Returns: PIL Image or Tensor: Cropped image. """ if isinstance(output_size, numbers.Number): output_size = (int(output_size), int(output_size)) elif isinstance(output_size, (tuple, list)) and len(output_size) == 1: output_size = (output_size[0], output_size[0]) _, image_height, image_width = F.get_dimensions(img) crop_height, crop_width = output_size if crop_width > image_width or crop_height > image_height: padding_ltrb = [ (crop_width - image_width) // 2 if crop_width > image_width else 0, (crop_height - image_height) // 2 if crop_height > image_height else 0, (crop_width - image_width + 1) // 2 if crop_width > image_width else 0, (crop_height - image_height + 1) // 2 if crop_height > image_height else 0, ] img = F.pad(img, padding_ltrb, fill=fill) _, image_height, image_width = F.get_dimensions(img) if crop_width == image_width and crop_height == image_height: return img crop_top = int(round((image_height - crop_height) / 2.0)) crop_left = int(round((image_width - crop_width) / 2.0)) return F.crop(img, crop_top, crop_left, crop_height, crop_width) class CenterCropOrPad(torch.nn.Module): """Crops the given image at the center. If the image is torch Tensor, it is expected to have [..., H, W] shape, where ... means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions. If image size is smaller than output size along any edge, image is padded with 0 and then center cropped. Args: size (sequence or int): Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a sequence of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]). """ def __init__(self, size, fill=0): super().__init__() self.size = _setup_size(size, error_msg="Please provide only two dimensions (h, w) for size.") self.fill = fill def forward(self, img): """ Args: img (PIL Image or Tensor): Image to be cropped. Returns: PIL Image or Tensor: Cropped image. """ return center_crop_or_pad(img, self.size, fill=self.fill) def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(size={self.size})" def _convert_to_rgb(image): return image.convert('RGB') class color_jitter(object): """ Apply Color Jitter to the PIL image with a specified probability. """ def __init__(self, brightness=0., contrast=0., saturation=0., hue=0., p=0.8): assert 0. <= p <= 1. self.p = p self.transf = ColorJitter(brightness=brightness, contrast=contrast, saturation=saturation, hue=hue) def __call__(self, img): if random.random() < self.p: return self.transf(img) else: return img class gray_scale(object): """ Apply Gray Scale to the PIL image with a specified probability. """ def __init__(self, p=0.2): assert 0. <= p <= 1. self.p = p self.transf = Grayscale(num_output_channels=3) def __call__(self, img): if random.random() < self.p: return self.transf(img) else: return img def image_transform( image_size: Union[int, Tuple[int, int]], is_train: bool, mean: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, std: Optional[Tuple[float, ...]] = None, resize_mode: Optional[str] = None, interpolation: Optional[str] = None, fill_color: int = 0, aug_cfg: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], AugmentationCfg]] = None, ): mean = mean or OPENAI_DATASET_MEAN if not isinstance(mean, (list, tuple)): mean = (mean,) * 3 std = std or OPENAI_DATASET_STD if not isinstance(std, (list, tuple)): std = (std,) * 3 interpolation = interpolation or 'bicubic' assert interpolation in ['bicubic', 'bilinear', 'random'] # NOTE random is ignored for interpolation_mode, so defaults to BICUBIC for inference if set interpolation_mode = InterpolationMode.BILINEAR if interpolation == 'bilinear' else InterpolationMode.BICUBIC resize_mode = resize_mode or 'shortest' assert resize_mode in ('shortest', 'longest', 'squash') if isinstance(aug_cfg, dict): aug_cfg = AugmentationCfg(**aug_cfg) else: aug_cfg = aug_cfg or AugmentationCfg() normalize = Normalize(mean=mean, std=std) if is_train: aug_cfg_dict = {k: v for k, v in asdict(aug_cfg).items() if v is not None} use_timm = aug_cfg_dict.pop('use_timm', False) if use_timm: from timm.data import create_transform # timm can still be optional if isinstance(image_size, (tuple, list)): assert len(image_size) >= 2 input_size = (3,) + image_size[-2:] else: input_size = (3, image_size, image_size) aug_cfg_dict.setdefault('color_jitter', None) # disable by default # drop extra non-timm items aug_cfg_dict.pop('color_jitter_prob', None) aug_cfg_dict.pop('gray_scale_prob', None) train_transform = create_transform( input_size=input_size, is_training=True, hflip=0., mean=mean, std=std, re_mode='pixel', interpolation=interpolation, **aug_cfg_dict, ) else: train_transform = [ RandomResizedCrop( image_size, scale=aug_cfg_dict.pop('scale'), interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC, ), _convert_to_rgb, ] if aug_cfg.color_jitter_prob: assert aug_cfg.color_jitter is not None and len(aug_cfg.color_jitter) == 4 train_transform.extend([ color_jitter(*aug_cfg.color_jitter, p=aug_cfg.color_jitter_prob) ]) if aug_cfg.gray_scale_prob: train_transform.extend([ gray_scale(aug_cfg.gray_scale_prob) ]) train_transform.extend([ ToTensor(), normalize, ]) train_transform = Compose(train_transform) if aug_cfg_dict: warnings.warn(f'Unused augmentation cfg items, specify `use_timm` to use ({list(aug_cfg_dict.keys())}).') return train_transform else: if resize_mode == 'longest': transforms = [ ResizeKeepRatio(image_size, interpolation=interpolation_mode, longest=1), CenterCropOrPad(image_size, fill=fill_color) ] elif resize_mode == 'squash': if isinstance(image_size, int): image_size = (image_size, image_size) transforms = [ Resize(image_size, interpolation=interpolation_mode), ] else: assert resize_mode == 'shortest' if not isinstance(image_size, (tuple, list)): image_size = (image_size, image_size) if image_size[0] == image_size[1]: # simple case, use torchvision built-in Resize w/ shortest edge mode (scalar size arg) transforms = [ Resize(image_size[0], interpolation=interpolation_mode) ] else: # resize shortest edge to matching target dim for non-square target transforms = [ResizeKeepRatio(image_size)] transforms += [CenterCrop(image_size)] transforms.extend([ _convert_to_rgb, ToTensor(), normalize, ]) return Compose(transforms) def image_transform_v2( cfg: PreprocessCfg, is_train: bool, aug_cfg: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], AugmentationCfg]] = None, ): return image_transform( image_size=cfg.size, is_train=is_train, mean=cfg.mean, std=cfg.std, interpolation=cfg.interpolation, resize_mode=cfg.resize_mode, fill_color=cfg.fill_color, aug_cfg=aug_cfg, ) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/transformer.py ================================================ from collections import OrderedDict import math from typing import Callable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple from functools import partial import torch from torch import nn from torch.nn import functional as F from torch.utils.checkpoint import checkpoint from .utils import to_2tuple from .pos_embed import get_2d_sincos_pos_embed class LayerNormFp32(nn.LayerNorm): """Subclass torch's LayerNorm to handle fp16 (by casting to float32 and back).""" def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): orig_type = x.dtype x = F.layer_norm(x.to(torch.float32), self.normalized_shape, self.weight, self.bias, self.eps) return x.to(orig_type) class LayerNorm(nn.LayerNorm): """Subclass torch's LayerNorm (with cast back to input dtype).""" def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): orig_type = x.dtype x = F.layer_norm(x, self.normalized_shape, self.weight, self.bias, self.eps) return x.to(orig_type) class QuickGELU(nn.Module): # NOTE This is slower than nn.GELU or nn.SiLU and uses more GPU memory def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): return x * torch.sigmoid(1.702 * x) class LayerScale(nn.Module): def __init__(self, dim, init_values=1e-5, inplace=False): super().__init__() self.inplace = inplace self.gamma = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones(dim)) def forward(self, x): return x.mul_(self.gamma) if self.inplace else x * self.gamma class PatchDropout(nn.Module): """ https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.00794 """ def __init__(self, prob, exclude_first_token=True): super().__init__() assert 0 <= prob < 1. self.prob = prob self.exclude_first_token = exclude_first_token # exclude CLS token def forward(self, x): if not self.training or self.prob == 0.: return x if self.exclude_first_token: cls_tokens, x = x[:, :1], x[:, 1:] else: cls_tokens = torch.jit.annotate(torch.Tensor, x[:, :1]) batch = x.size()[0] num_tokens = x.size()[1] batch_indices = torch.arange(batch) batch_indices = batch_indices[..., None] keep_prob = 1 - self.prob num_patches_keep = max(1, int(num_tokens * keep_prob)) rand = torch.randn(batch, num_tokens) patch_indices_keep = rand.topk(num_patches_keep, dim=-1).indices x = x[batch_indices, patch_indices_keep] if self.exclude_first_token: x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1) return x class Attention(nn.Module): def __init__( self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=True, scaled_cosine=False, scale_heads=False, logit_scale_max=math.log(1. / 0.01), attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0. ): super().__init__() self.scaled_cosine = scaled_cosine self.scale_heads = scale_heads assert dim % num_heads == 0, 'dim should be divisible by num_heads' self.num_heads = num_heads self.head_dim = dim // num_heads self.scale = self.head_dim ** -0.5 self.logit_scale_max = logit_scale_max # keeping in_proj in this form (instead of nn.Linear) to match weight scheme of original self.in_proj_weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn((dim * 3, dim)) * self.scale) if qkv_bias: self.in_proj_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(dim * 3)) else: self.in_proj_bias = None if self.scaled_cosine: self.logit_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.log(10 * torch.ones((num_heads, 1, 1)))) else: self.logit_scale = None self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop) if self.scale_heads: self.head_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.ones((num_heads, 1, 1))) else: self.head_scale = None self.out_proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim) self.out_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop) def forward(self, x, attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None): L, N, C = x.shape q, k, v = F.linear(x, self.in_proj_weight, self.in_proj_bias).chunk(3, dim=-1) q = q.contiguous().view(L, N * self.num_heads, -1).transpose(0, 1) k = k.contiguous().view(L, N * self.num_heads, -1).transpose(0, 1) v = v.contiguous().view(L, N * self.num_heads, -1).transpose(0, 1) if self.logit_scale is not None: attn = torch.bmm(F.normalize(q, dim=-1), F.normalize(k, dim=-1).transpose(-1, -2)) logit_scale = torch.clamp(self.logit_scale, max=self.logit_scale_max).exp() attn = attn.view(N, self.num_heads, L, L) * logit_scale attn = attn.view(-1, L, L) else: q = q * self.scale attn = torch.bmm(q, k.transpose(-1, -2)) if attn_mask is not None: if attn_mask.dtype == torch.bool: new_attn_mask = torch.zeros_like(attn_mask, dtype=q.dtype) new_attn_mask.masked_fill_(attn_mask, float("-inf")) attn_mask = new_attn_mask attn += attn_mask attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1) attn = self.attn_drop(attn) x = torch.bmm(attn, v) if self.head_scale is not None: x = x.view(N, self.num_heads, L, C) * self.head_scale x = x.view(-1, L, C) x = x.transpose(0, 1).reshape(L, N, C) x = self.out_proj(x) x = self.out_drop(x) return x class AttentionalPooler(nn.Module): def __init__( self, d_model: int, context_dim: int, n_head: int = 8, n_queries: int = 256, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm ): super().__init__() self.query = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(n_queries, d_model)) self.attn = nn.MultiheadAttention(d_model, n_head, kdim=context_dim, vdim=context_dim) self.ln_q = norm_layer(d_model) self.ln_k = norm_layer(context_dim) def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): x = self.ln_k(x).permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LND N = x.shape[1] q = self.ln_q(self.query) out = self.attn(q.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, N, -1), x, x, need_weights=False)[0] return out.permute(1, 0, 2) # LND -> NLD class ResidualAttentionBlock(nn.Module): def __init__( self, d_model: int, n_head: int, mlp_ratio: float = 4.0, ls_init_value: float = None, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, is_cross_attention: bool = False, ): super().__init__() self.ln_1 = norm_layer(d_model) self.attn = nn.MultiheadAttention(d_model, n_head) self.ls_1 = LayerScale(d_model, ls_init_value) if ls_init_value is not None else nn.Identity() if is_cross_attention: self.ln_1_kv = norm_layer(d_model) self.ln_2 = norm_layer(d_model) mlp_width = int(d_model * mlp_ratio) self.mlp = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([ ("c_fc", nn.Linear(d_model, mlp_width)), ("gelu", act_layer()), ("c_proj", nn.Linear(mlp_width, d_model)) ])) self.ls_2 = LayerScale(d_model, ls_init_value) if ls_init_value is not None else nn.Identity() def attention( self, q_x: torch.Tensor, k_x: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, v_x: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, ): k_x = k_x if k_x is not None else q_x v_x = v_x if v_x is not None else q_x attn_mask = attn_mask.to(q_x.dtype) if attn_mask is not None else None return self.attn( q_x, k_x, v_x, need_weights=False, attn_mask=attn_mask )[0] def forward( self, q_x: torch.Tensor, k_x: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, v_x: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, ): k_x = self.ln_1_kv(k_x) if hasattr(self, "ln_1_kv") and k_x is not None else None v_x = self.ln_1_kv(v_x) if hasattr(self, "ln_1_kv") and v_x is not None else None x = q_x + self.ls_1(self.attention(q_x=self.ln_1(q_x), k_x=k_x, v_x=v_x, attn_mask=attn_mask)) x = x + self.ls_2(self.mlp(self.ln_2(x))) return x class CustomResidualAttentionBlock(nn.Module): def __init__( self, d_model: int, n_head: int, mlp_ratio: float = 4.0, ls_init_value: float = None, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, scale_cosine_attn: bool = False, scale_heads: bool = False, scale_attn: bool = False, scale_fc: bool = False, ): super().__init__() self.ln_1 = norm_layer(d_model) self.attn = Attention( d_model, n_head, scaled_cosine=scale_cosine_attn, scale_heads=scale_heads, ) self.ln_attn = norm_layer(d_model) if scale_attn else nn.Identity() self.ls_1 = LayerScale(d_model, ls_init_value) if ls_init_value is not None else nn.Identity() self.ln_2 = norm_layer(d_model) mlp_width = int(d_model * mlp_ratio) self.mlp = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([ ("c_fc", nn.Linear(d_model, mlp_width)), ("gelu", act_layer()), ('ln', norm_layer(mlp_width) if scale_fc else nn.Identity()), ("c_proj", nn.Linear(mlp_width, d_model)) ])) self.ls_2 = LayerScale(d_model, ls_init_value) if ls_init_value is not None else nn.Identity() def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None): x = x + self.ls_1(self.ln_attn(self.attn(self.ln_1(x), attn_mask=attn_mask))) x = x + self.ls_2(self.mlp(self.ln_2(x))) return x def _expand_token(token, batch_size: int): return token.view(1, 1, -1).expand(batch_size, -1, -1) class Transformer(nn.Module): def __init__( self, width: int, layers: int, heads: int, mlp_ratio: float = 4.0, ls_init_value: float = None, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, ): super().__init__() self.width = width self.layers = layers self.grad_checkpointing = False self.resblocks = nn.ModuleList([ ResidualAttentionBlock( width, heads, mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=ls_init_value, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer) for _ in range(layers) ]) def get_cast_dtype(self) -> torch.dtype: if hasattr(self.resblocks[0].mlp.c_fc, 'int8_original_dtype'): return self.resblocks[0].mlp.c_fc.int8_original_dtype return self.resblocks[0].mlp.c_fc.weight.dtype def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None): for r in self.resblocks: if self.grad_checkpointing and not torch.jit.is_scripting(): # TODO: handle kwargs https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/79887#issuecomment-1161758372 x = checkpoint(r, x, None, None, attn_mask) else: x = r(x, attn_mask=attn_mask) return x class VisionTransformer(nn.Module): output_tokens: torch.jit.Final[bool] def __init__( self, image_size: int, patch_size: int, width: int, layers: int, heads: int, mlp_ratio: float, ls_init_value: float = None, attentional_pool: bool = False, attn_pooler_queries: int = 256, attn_pooler_heads: int = 8, output_dim: int = 512, patch_dropout: float = 0., no_ln_pre: bool = False, pos_embed_type: str = 'learnable', pool_type: str = 'tok', final_ln_after_pool: bool = False, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, output_tokens: bool = False, ): super().__init__() assert pool_type in ('tok', 'avg', 'none') self.output_tokens = output_tokens image_height, image_width = self.image_size = to_2tuple(image_size) patch_height, patch_width = self.patch_size = to_2tuple(patch_size) self.grid_size = (image_height // patch_height, image_width // patch_width) self.final_ln_after_pool = final_ln_after_pool # currently ignored w/ attn pool enabled self.output_dim = output_dim self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=width, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size, bias=False) # class embeddings and positional embeddings scale = width ** -0.5 self.class_embedding = nn.Parameter(scale * torch.randn(width)) if pos_embed_type == 'learnable': self.positional_embedding = nn.Parameter( scale * torch.randn(self.grid_size[0] * self.grid_size[1] + 1, width)) elif pos_embed_type == 'sin_cos_2d': # fixed sin-cos embedding assert self.grid_size[0] == self.grid_size[1],\ 'currently sin cos 2d pos embedding only supports square input' self.positional_embedding = nn.Parameter( torch.zeros(self.grid_size[0] * self.grid_size[1] + 1, width), requires_grad=False) pos_embed_type = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(width, self.grid_size[0], cls_token=True) self.positional_embedding.data.copy_(torch.from_numpy(pos_embed_type).float()) else: raise ValueError # setting a patch_dropout of 0. would mean it is disabled and this function would be the identity fn self.patch_dropout = PatchDropout(patch_dropout) if patch_dropout > 0. else nn.Identity() self.ln_pre = nn.Identity() if no_ln_pre else norm_layer(width) self.transformer = Transformer( width, layers, heads, mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=ls_init_value, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) if attentional_pool: if isinstance(attentional_pool, str): self.attn_pool_type = attentional_pool self.pool_type = 'none' if attentional_pool in ('parallel', 'cascade'): self.attn_pool = AttentionalPooler( output_dim, width, n_head=attn_pooler_heads, n_queries=attn_pooler_queries, ) self.attn_pool_contrastive = AttentionalPooler( output_dim, width, n_head=attn_pooler_heads, n_queries=1, ) else: assert False else: self.attn_pool_type = '' self.pool_type = pool_type self.attn_pool = AttentionalPooler( output_dim, width, n_head=attn_pooler_heads, n_queries=attn_pooler_queries, ) self.attn_pool_contrastive = None pool_dim = output_dim else: self.attn_pool = None pool_dim = width self.pool_type = pool_type self.ln_post = norm_layer(pool_dim) self.proj = nn.Parameter(scale * torch.randn(pool_dim, output_dim)) self.init_parameters() def lock(self, unlocked_groups=0, freeze_bn_stats=False): for param in self.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False if unlocked_groups != 0: groups = [ [ self.conv1, self.class_embedding, self.positional_embedding, self.ln_pre, ], *self.transformer.resblocks[:-1], [ self.transformer.resblocks[-1], self.ln_post, ], self.proj, ] def _unlock(x): if isinstance(x, Sequence): for g in x: _unlock(g) else: if isinstance(x, torch.nn.Parameter): x.requires_grad = True else: for p in x.parameters(): p.requires_grad = True _unlock(groups[-unlocked_groups:]) def init_parameters(self): # FIXME OpenAI CLIP did not define an init for the VisualTransformer # TODO experiment if default PyTorch init, below, or alternate init is best. # nn.init.normal_(self.class_embedding, std=self.scale) # nn.init.normal_(self.positional_embedding, std=self.scale) # # proj_std = (self.transformer.width ** -0.5) * ((2 * self.transformer.layers) ** -0.5) # attn_std = self.transformer.width ** -0.5 # fc_std = (2 * self.transformer.width) ** -0.5 # for block in self.transformer.resblocks: # nn.init.normal_(block.attn.in_proj_weight, std=attn_std) # nn.init.normal_(block.attn.out_proj.weight, std=proj_std) # nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_fc.weight, std=fc_std) # nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_proj.weight, std=proj_std) # # if self.text_projection is not None: # nn.init.normal_(self.text_projection, std=self.scale) pass @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): self.transformer.grad_checkpointing = enable def _global_pool(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: if self.pool_type == 'avg': pooled, tokens = x[:, 1:].mean(dim=1), x[:, 1:] elif self.pool_type == 'tok': pooled, tokens = x[:, 0], x[:, 1:] else: pooled = tokens = x return pooled, tokens def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor): x = self.conv1(x) # shape = [*, width, grid, grid] x = x.reshape(x.shape[0], x.shape[1], -1) # shape = [*, width, grid ** 2] x = x.permute(0, 2, 1) # shape = [*, grid ** 2, width] # class embeddings and positional embeddings x = torch.cat([_expand_token(self.class_embedding, x.shape[0]).to(x.dtype), x], dim=1) # shape = [*, grid ** 2 + 1, width] x = x + self.positional_embedding.to(x.dtype) x = self.patch_dropout(x) x = self.ln_pre(x) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LND x = self.transformer(x) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # LND -> NLD if self.attn_pool is not None: if self.attn_pool_contrastive is not None: # This is untested, WIP pooling that should match paper x = self.ln_post(x) # TBD LN first or separate one after each pool? tokens = self.attn_pool(x) if self.attn_pool_type == 'parallel': pooled = self.attn_pool_contrastive(x) else: assert self.attn_pool_type == 'cascade' pooled = self.attn_pool_contrastive(tokens) else: # this is the original OpenCLIP CoCa setup, does not match paper x = self.attn_pool(x) x = self.ln_post(x) pooled, tokens = self._global_pool(x) elif self.final_ln_after_pool: pooled, tokens = self._global_pool(x) pooled = self.ln_post(pooled) else: x = self.ln_post(x) pooled, tokens = self._global_pool(x) if self.proj is not None: pooled = pooled @ self.proj if self.output_tokens: return pooled, tokens return pooled def text_global_pool(x, text: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, pool_type: str = 'argmax'): if pool_type == 'first': pooled, tokens = x[:, 0], x[:, 1:] elif pool_type == 'last': pooled, tokens = x[:, -1], x[:, :-1] elif pool_type == 'argmax': # take features from the eot embedding (eot_token is the highest number in each sequence) assert text is not None pooled, tokens = x[torch.arange(x.shape[0]), text.argmax(dim=-1)], x else: pooled = tokens = x return pooled, tokens class TextTransformer(nn.Module): output_tokens: torch.jit.Final[bool] def __init__( self, context_length: int = 77, vocab_size: int = 49408, width: int = 512, heads: int = 8, layers: int = 12, mlp_ratio: float = 4.0, ls_init_value: float = None, output_dim: int = 512, embed_cls: bool = False, no_causal_mask: bool = False, pad_id: int = 0, pool_type: str = 'argmax', proj_bias: bool = False, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, output_tokens: bool = False, ): super().__init__() assert pool_type in ('first', 'last', 'argmax', 'none') self.output_tokens = output_tokens self.num_pos = self.context_length = context_length self.vocab_size = vocab_size self.width = width self.output_dim = output_dim self.heads = heads self.pad_id = pad_id self.pool_type = pool_type self.token_embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, width) if embed_cls: self.cls_emb = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(width)) self.num_pos += 1 else: self.cls_emb = None self.positional_embedding = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(self.num_pos, width)) self.transformer = Transformer( width=width, layers=layers, heads=heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=ls_init_value, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) self.ln_final = norm_layer(width) if no_causal_mask: self.attn_mask = None else: self.register_buffer('attn_mask', self.build_causal_mask(), persistent=False) if proj_bias: self.text_projection = nn.Linear(width, output_dim) else: self.text_projection = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(width, output_dim)) self.init_parameters() def init_parameters(self): nn.init.normal_(self.token_embedding.weight, std=0.02) nn.init.normal_(self.positional_embedding, std=0.01) if self.cls_emb is not None: nn.init.normal_(self.cls_emb, std=0.01) proj_std = (self.transformer.width ** -0.5) * ((2 * self.transformer.layers) ** -0.5) attn_std = self.transformer.width ** -0.5 fc_std = (2 * self.transformer.width) ** -0.5 for block in self.transformer.resblocks: nn.init.normal_(block.attn.in_proj_weight, std=attn_std) nn.init.normal_(block.attn.out_proj.weight, std=proj_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_fc.weight, std=fc_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_proj.weight, std=proj_std) if self.text_projection is not None: if isinstance(self.text_projection, nn.Linear): nn.init.normal_(self.text_projection.weight, std=self.transformer.width ** -0.5) if self.text_projection.bias is not None: nn.init.zeros_(self.text_projection.bias) else: nn.init.normal_(self.text_projection, std=self.transformer.width ** -0.5) @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): self.transformer.grad_checkpointing = enable def build_causal_mask(self): # lazily create causal attention mask, with full attention between the tokens # pytorch uses additive attention mask; fill with -inf mask = torch.empty(self.num_pos, self.num_pos) mask.fill_(float("-inf")) mask.triu_(1) # zero out the lower diagonal return mask def build_cls_mask(self, text, cast_dtype: torch.dtype): cls_mask = (text != self.pad_id).unsqueeze(1) cls_mask = F.pad(cls_mask, (1, 0, cls_mask.shape[2], 0), value=True) additive_mask = torch.empty(cls_mask.shape, dtype=cast_dtype, device=cls_mask.device) additive_mask.fill_(0) additive_mask.masked_fill_(~cls_mask, float("-inf")) additive_mask = torch.repeat_interleave(additive_mask, self.heads, 0) return additive_mask def forward(self, text): cast_dtype = self.transformer.get_cast_dtype() seq_len = text.shape[1] x = self.token_embedding(text).to(cast_dtype) # [batch_size, n_ctx, d_model] attn_mask = self.attn_mask if self.cls_emb is not None: seq_len += 1 x = torch.cat([x, _expand_token(self.cls_emb, x.shape[0])], dim=1) cls_mask = self.build_cls_mask(text, cast_dtype) if attn_mask is not None: attn_mask = attn_mask[None, :seq_len, :seq_len] + cls_mask[:, :seq_len, :seq_len] x = x + self.positional_embedding[:seq_len].to(cast_dtype) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LND x = self.transformer(x, attn_mask=attn_mask) x = x.permute(1, 0, 2) # LND -> NLD # x.shape = [batch_size, n_ctx, transformer.width] if self.cls_emb is not None: # presence of appended cls embed (CoCa) overrides pool_type, always take last token pooled, tokens = text_global_pool(x, pool_type='last') pooled = self.ln_final(pooled) # final LN applied after pooling in this case else: x = self.ln_final(x) pooled, tokens = text_global_pool(x, text, pool_type=self.pool_type) if self.text_projection is not None: if isinstance(self.text_projection, nn.Linear): pooled = self.text_projection(pooled) else: pooled = pooled @ self.text_projection if self.output_tokens: return pooled, tokens return pooled class MultimodalTransformer(Transformer): def __init__( self, width: int, layers: int, heads: int, context_length: int = 77, mlp_ratio: float = 4.0, ls_init_value: float = None, act_layer: Callable = nn.GELU, norm_layer: Callable = LayerNorm, output_dim: int = 512, ): super().__init__( width=width, layers=layers, heads=heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=ls_init_value, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, ) self.context_length = context_length self.cross_attn = nn.ModuleList([ ResidualAttentionBlock( width, heads, mlp_ratio, ls_init_value=ls_init_value, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=norm_layer, is_cross_attention=True, ) for _ in range(layers) ]) self.register_buffer('attn_mask', self.build_attention_mask(), persistent=False) self.ln_final = norm_layer(width) self.text_projection = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(width, output_dim)) def init_parameters(self): proj_std = (self.transformer.width ** -0.5) * ((2 * self.transformer.layers) ** -0.5) attn_std = self.transformer.width ** -0.5 fc_std = (2 * self.transformer.width) ** -0.5 for block in self.transformer.resblocks: nn.init.normal_(block.attn.in_proj_weight, std=attn_std) nn.init.normal_(block.attn.out_proj.weight, std=proj_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_fc.weight, std=fc_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_proj.weight, std=proj_std) for block in self.transformer.cross_attn: nn.init.normal_(block.attn.in_proj_weight, std=attn_std) nn.init.normal_(block.attn.out_proj.weight, std=proj_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_fc.weight, std=fc_std) nn.init.normal_(block.mlp.c_proj.weight, std=proj_std) if self.text_projection is not None: nn.init.normal_(self.text_projection, std=self.transformer.width ** -0.5) def build_attention_mask(self): # lazily create causal attention mask, with full attention between the tokens # pytorch uses additive attention mask; fill with -inf mask = torch.empty(self.context_length, self.context_length) mask.fill_(float("-inf")) mask.triu_(1) # zero out the lower diagonal return mask def forward(self, image_embs, text_embs): text_embs = text_embs.permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LNDsq image_embs = image_embs.permute(1, 0, 2) # NLD -> LND seq_len = text_embs.shape[0] for resblock, cross_attn in zip(self.resblocks, self.cross_attn): if self.grad_checkpointing and not torch.jit.is_scripting(): # TODO: handle kwargs https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/79887#issuecomment-1161758372 text_embs = checkpoint(resblock, text_embs, None, None, self.attn_mask[:seq_len, :seq_len]) text_embs = checkpoint(cross_attn, text_embs, image_embs, image_embs, None) else: text_embs = resblock(text_embs, attn_mask=self.attn_mask[:seq_len, :seq_len]) text_embs = cross_attn(text_embs, k_x=image_embs, v_x=image_embs) x = text_embs.permute(1, 0, 2) # LND -> NLD x = self.ln_final(x) if self.text_projection is not None: x = x @ self.text_projection return x @torch.jit.ignore def set_grad_checkpointing(self, enable=True): self.grad_checkpointing = enable ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/utils.py ================================================ from itertools import repeat import collections.abc import torch from torch import nn as nn from torchvision.ops.misc import FrozenBatchNorm2d def freeze_batch_norm_2d(module, module_match={}, name=''): """ Converts all `BatchNorm2d` and `SyncBatchNorm` layers of provided module into `FrozenBatchNorm2d`. If `module` is itself an instance of either `BatchNorm2d` or `SyncBatchNorm`, it is converted into `FrozenBatchNorm2d` and returned. Otherwise, the module is walked recursively and submodules are converted in place. Args: module (torch.nn.Module): Any PyTorch module. module_match (dict): Dictionary of full module names to freeze (all if empty) name (str): Full module name (prefix) Returns: torch.nn.Module: Resulting module Inspired by https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/a5895f85be0f10212791145bfedc0261d364f103/torch/nn/modules/batchnorm.py#L762 """ res = module is_match = True if module_match: is_match = name in module_match if is_match and isinstance(module, (nn.modules.batchnorm.BatchNorm2d, nn.modules.batchnorm.SyncBatchNorm)): res = FrozenBatchNorm2d(module.num_features) res.num_features = module.num_features res.affine = module.affine if module.affine: res.weight.data = module.weight.data.clone().detach() res.bias.data = module.bias.data.clone().detach() res.running_mean.data = module.running_mean.data res.running_var.data = module.running_var.data res.eps = module.eps else: for child_name, child in module.named_children(): full_child_name = '.'.join([name, child_name]) if name else child_name new_child = freeze_batch_norm_2d(child, module_match, full_child_name) if new_child is not child: res.add_module(child_name, new_child) return res # From PyTorch internals def _ntuple(n): def parse(x): if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable): return x return tuple(repeat(x, n)) return parse to_1tuple = _ntuple(1) to_2tuple = _ntuple(2) to_3tuple = _ntuple(3) to_4tuple = _ntuple(4) to_ntuple = lambda n, x: _ntuple(n)(x) # Replaces all linear layers with linear_replacement # TODO: add int8 support for other linear layers including attn and convnets def replace_linear(model, linear_replacement, include_modules=['c_fc', 'c_proj'], copy_weights=True): for name, module in model.named_children(): if len(list(module.children())) > 0: replace_linear(module, linear_replacement, include_modules, copy_weights) if isinstance(module, torch.nn.Linear) and name in include_modules: old_module = model._modules[name] model._modules[name] = linear_replacement( module.in_features, module.out_features, module.bias is not None, ) if copy_weights: model._modules[name].weight.data.copy_(old_module.weight.data) if model._modules[name].bias is not None: model._modules[name].bias.data.copy_(old_module.bias) return model def convert_int8_model_to_inference_mode(model): for m in model.modules(): if hasattr(m, 'prepare_for_eval'): int8_original_dtype = m.weight.dtype m.prepare_for_eval() m.int8_original_dtype = int8_original_dtype ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/version.py ================================================ __version__ = '2.24.0' ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/zero_shot_classifier.py ================================================ from functools import partial from itertools import islice from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Sequence, Union import torch import torch.nn.functional as F def batched(iterable, n): """Batch data into lists of length *n*. The last batch may be shorter. NOTE based on more-itertools impl, to be replaced by python 3.12 itertools.batched impl """ it = iter(iterable) while True: batch = list(islice(it, n)) if not batch: break yield batch def build_zero_shot_classifier( model, tokenizer, classnames: Sequence[str], templates: Sequence[Union[Callable, str]], num_classes_per_batch: Optional[int] = 10, device: Union[str, torch.device] = 'cpu', use_tqdm: bool = False, ): """ Build zero-shot classifier weights by iterating over class names in batches Args: model: CLIP model instance tokenizer: CLIP tokenizer instance classnames: A sequence of class (label) names templates: A sequence of callables or format() friendly strings to produce templates per class name num_classes_per_batch: The number of classes to batch together in each forward, all if None device: Device to use. use_tqdm: Enable TQDM progress bar. """ assert isinstance(templates, Sequence) and len(templates) > 0 assert isinstance(classnames, Sequence) and len(classnames) > 0 use_format = isinstance(templates[0], str) num_templates = len(templates) num_classes = len(classnames) if use_tqdm: import tqdm num_iter = 1 if num_classes_per_batch is None else ((num_classes - 1) // num_classes_per_batch + 1) iter_wrap = partial(tqdm.tqdm, total=num_iter, unit_scale=num_classes_per_batch) else: iter_wrap = iter def _process_batch(batch_classnames): num_batch_classes = len(batch_classnames) texts = [template.format(c) if use_format else template(c) for c in batch_classnames for template in templates] texts = tokenizer(texts).to(device) class_embeddings = model.encode_text(texts, normalize=True) class_embeddings = class_embeddings.reshape(num_batch_classes, num_templates, -1).mean(dim=1) class_embeddings = class_embeddings / class_embeddings.norm(dim=1, keepdim=True) class_embeddings = class_embeddings.T return class_embeddings with torch.no_grad(): if num_classes_per_batch: batched_embeds = [_process_batch(batch) for batch in iter_wrap(batched(classnames, num_classes_per_batch))] zeroshot_weights = torch.cat(batched_embeds, dim=1) else: zeroshot_weights = _process_batch(classnames) return zeroshot_weights def build_zero_shot_classifier_legacy( model, tokenizer, classnames: Sequence[str], templates: Sequence[Union[Callable, str]], device: Union[str, torch.device] = 'cpu', use_tqdm: bool = False, ): """ Build zero-shot classifier weights by iterating over class names 1 by 1 Args: model: CLIP model instance tokenizer: CLIP tokenizer instance classnames: A sequence of class (label) names templates: A sequence of callables or format() friendly strings to produce templates per class name device: Device to use. use_tqdm: Enable TQDM progress bar. """ assert isinstance(templates, Sequence) and len(templates) > 0 assert isinstance(classnames, Sequence) and len(classnames) > 0 if use_tqdm: import tqdm iter_wrap = tqdm.tqdm else: iter_wrap = iter use_format = isinstance(templates[0], str) with torch.no_grad(): zeroshot_weights = [] for classname in iter_wrap(classnames): texts = [template.format(classname) if use_format else template(classname) for template in templates] texts = tokenizer(texts).to(device) # tokenize class_embeddings = model.encode_text(texts) class_embedding = F.normalize(class_embeddings, dim=-1).mean(dim=0) class_embedding /= class_embedding.norm() zeroshot_weights.append(class_embedding) zeroshot_weights = torch.stack(zeroshot_weights, dim=1).to(device) return zeroshot_weights ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/open_clip/zero_shot_metadata.py ================================================ OPENAI_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES = ( lambda c: f'a bad photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of many {c}.', lambda c: f'a sculpture of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the hard to see {c}.', lambda c: f'a low resolution photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a rendering of a {c}.', lambda c: f'graffiti of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a bad photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a cropped photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a tattoo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'the embroidered {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a hard to see {c}.', lambda c: f'a bright photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a clean {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a dirty {c}.', lambda c: f'a dark photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a drawing of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of my {c}.', lambda c: f'the plastic {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the cool {c}.', lambda c: f'a close-up photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a black and white photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a painting of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a painting of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a pixelated photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a sculpture of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a bright photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a cropped photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a plastic {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the dirty {c}.', lambda c: f'a jpeg corrupted photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a blurry photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a good photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a rendering of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a {c} in a video game.', lambda c: f'a photo of one {c}.', lambda c: f'a doodle of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a close-up photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'the origami {c}.', lambda c: f'the {c} in a video game.', lambda c: f'a sketch of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a doodle of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a origami {c}.', lambda c: f'a low resolution photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'the toy {c}.', lambda c: f'a rendition of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the clean {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a large {c}.', lambda c: f'a rendition of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a nice {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a weird {c}.', lambda c: f'a blurry photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a cartoon {c}.', lambda c: f'art of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a sketch of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a embroidered {c}.', lambda c: f'a pixelated photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'itap of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a jpeg corrupted photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a good photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a plushie {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the nice {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the small {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the weird {c}.', lambda c: f'the cartoon {c}.', lambda c: f'art of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a drawing of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the large {c}.', lambda c: f'a black and white photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'the plushie {c}.', lambda c: f'a dark photo of a {c}.', lambda c: f'itap of a {c}.', lambda c: f'graffiti of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a toy {c}.', lambda c: f'itap of my {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a cool {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of a small {c}.', lambda c: f'a tattoo of the {c}.', ) # a much smaller subset of above prompts # from https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/main/notebooks/Prompt_Engineering_for_ImageNet.ipynb SIMPLE_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES = ( lambda c: f'itap of a {c}.', lambda c: f'a bad photo of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a origami {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the large {c}.', lambda c: f'a {c} in a video game.', lambda c: f'art of the {c}.', lambda c: f'a photo of the small {c}.', ) IMAGENET_CLASSNAMES = ( "tench", "goldfish", "great white shark", "tiger shark", "hammerhead shark", "electric ray", "stingray", "rooster", "hen", "ostrich", "brambling", "goldfinch", "house finch", "junco", "indigo bunting", "American robin", "bulbul", "jay", "magpie", "chickadee", "American dipper", "kite (bird of prey)", "bald eagle", "vulture", "great grey owl", "fire salamander", "smooth newt", "newt", "spotted salamander", "axolotl", "American bullfrog", "tree frog", "tailed frog", "loggerhead sea turtle", "leatherback sea turtle", "mud turtle", "terrapin", "box turtle", "banded gecko", "green iguana", "Carolina anole", "desert grassland whiptail lizard", "agama", "frilled-necked lizard", "alligator lizard", "Gila monster", "European green lizard", "chameleon", "Komodo dragon", "Nile crocodile", "American alligator", "triceratops", "worm snake", "ring-necked snake", "eastern hog-nosed snake", "smooth green snake", "kingsnake", "garter snake", "water snake", "vine snake", "night snake", "boa constrictor", "African rock python", "Indian cobra", "green mamba", "sea snake", "Saharan horned viper", "eastern diamondback rattlesnake", "sidewinder rattlesnake", "trilobite", "harvestman", "scorpion", "yellow garden spider", "barn spider", "European garden spider", "southern black widow", "tarantula", "wolf spider", "tick", "centipede", "black grouse", "ptarmigan", "ruffed grouse", "prairie grouse", "peafowl", "quail", "partridge", "african grey parrot", "macaw", "sulphur-crested cockatoo", "lorikeet", "coucal", "bee eater", "hornbill", "hummingbird", "jacamar", "toucan", "duck", "red-breasted merganser", "goose", "black swan", "tusker", "echidna", "platypus", "wallaby", "koala", "wombat", "jellyfish", "sea anemone", "brain coral", "flatworm", "nematode", "conch", "snail", "slug", "sea slug", "chiton", "chambered nautilus", "Dungeness crab", "rock crab", "fiddler crab", "red king crab", "American lobster", "spiny lobster", "crayfish", "hermit crab", "isopod", "white stork", "black stork", "spoonbill", "flamingo", "little blue heron", "great egret", "bittern bird", "crane bird", "limpkin", "common gallinule", "American coot", "bustard", "ruddy turnstone", "dunlin", "common redshank", "dowitcher", "oystercatcher", "pelican", "king penguin", "albatross", "grey whale", "killer whale", "dugong", "sea lion", "Chihuahua", "Japanese Chin", "Maltese", "Pekingese", "Shih Tzu", "King Charles Spaniel", "Papillon", "toy terrier", "Rhodesian Ridgeback", "Afghan Hound", "Basset Hound", "Beagle", "Bloodhound", "Bluetick Coonhound", "Black and Tan Coonhound", "Treeing Walker Coonhound", "English foxhound", "Redbone Coonhound", "borzoi", "Irish Wolfhound", "Italian Greyhound", "Whippet", "Ibizan Hound", "Norwegian Elkhound", "Otterhound", "Saluki", "Scottish Deerhound", "Weimaraner", "Staffordshire Bull Terrier", "American Staffordshire Terrier", "Bedlington Terrier", "Border Terrier", "Kerry Blue Terrier", "Irish Terrier", "Norfolk Terrier", "Norwich Terrier", "Yorkshire Terrier", "Wire Fox Terrier", "Lakeland Terrier", "Sealyham Terrier", "Airedale Terrier", "Cairn Terrier", "Australian Terrier", "Dandie Dinmont Terrier", "Boston Terrier", "Miniature Schnauzer", "Giant Schnauzer", "Standard Schnauzer", "Scottish Terrier", "Tibetan Terrier", "Australian Silky Terrier", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier", "West Highland White Terrier", "Lhasa Apso", "Flat-Coated Retriever", "Curly-coated Retriever", "Golden Retriever", "Labrador Retriever", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever", "German Shorthaired Pointer", "Vizsla", "English Setter", "Irish Setter", "Gordon Setter", "Brittany dog", "Clumber Spaniel", "English Springer Spaniel", "Welsh Springer Spaniel", "Cocker Spaniel", "Sussex Spaniel", "Irish Water Spaniel", "Kuvasz", "Schipperke", "Groenendael dog", "Malinois", "Briard", "Australian Kelpie", "Komondor", "Old English Sheepdog", "Shetland Sheepdog", "collie", "Border Collie", "Bouvier des Flandres dog", "Rottweiler", "German Shepherd Dog", "Dobermann", "Miniature Pinscher", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog", "Bernese Mountain Dog", "Appenzeller Sennenhund", "Entlebucher Sennenhund", "Boxer", "Bullmastiff", "Tibetan Mastiff", "French Bulldog", "Great Dane", "St. Bernard", "husky", "Alaskan Malamute", "Siberian Husky", "Dalmatian", "Affenpinscher", "Basenji", "pug", "Leonberger", "Newfoundland dog", "Great Pyrenees dog", "Samoyed", "Pomeranian", "Chow Chow", "Keeshond", "brussels griffon", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi", "Toy Poodle", "Miniature Poodle", "Standard Poodle", "Mexican hairless dog (xoloitzcuintli)", "grey wolf", "Alaskan tundra wolf", "red wolf or maned wolf", "coyote", "dingo", "dhole", "African wild dog", "hyena", "red fox", "kit fox", "Arctic fox", "grey fox", "tabby cat", "tiger cat", "Persian cat", "Siamese cat", "Egyptian Mau", "cougar", "lynx", "leopard", "snow leopard", "jaguar", "lion", "tiger", "cheetah", "brown bear", "American black bear", "polar bear", "sloth bear", "mongoose", "meerkat", "tiger beetle", "ladybug", "ground beetle", "longhorn beetle", "leaf beetle", "dung beetle", "rhinoceros beetle", "weevil", "fly", "bee", "ant", "grasshopper", "cricket insect", "stick insect", "cockroach", "praying mantis", "cicada", "leafhopper", "lacewing", "dragonfly", "damselfly", "red admiral butterfly", "ringlet butterfly", "monarch butterfly", "small white butterfly", "sulphur butterfly", "gossamer-winged butterfly", "starfish", "sea urchin", "sea cucumber", "cottontail rabbit", "hare", "Angora rabbit", "hamster", "porcupine", "fox squirrel", "marmot", "beaver", "guinea pig", "common sorrel horse", "zebra", "pig", "wild boar", "warthog", "hippopotamus", "ox", "water buffalo", "bison", "ram (adult male sheep)", "bighorn sheep", "Alpine ibex", "hartebeest", "impala (antelope)", "gazelle", "arabian camel", "llama", "weasel", "mink", "European polecat", "black-footed ferret", "otter", "skunk", "badger", "armadillo", "three-toed sloth", "orangutan", "gorilla", "chimpanzee", "gibbon", "siamang", "guenon", "patas monkey", "baboon", "macaque", "langur", "black-and-white colobus", "proboscis monkey", "marmoset", "white-headed capuchin", "howler monkey", "titi monkey", "Geoffroy's spider monkey", "common squirrel monkey", "ring-tailed lemur", "indri", "Asian elephant", "African bush elephant", "red panda", "giant panda", "snoek fish", "eel", "silver salmon", "rock beauty fish", "clownfish", "sturgeon", "gar fish", "lionfish", "pufferfish", "abacus", "abaya", "academic gown", "accordion", "acoustic guitar", "aircraft carrier", "airliner", "airship", "altar", "ambulance", "amphibious vehicle", "analog clock", "apiary", "apron", "trash can", "assault rifle", "backpack", "bakery", "balance beam", "balloon", "ballpoint pen", "Band-Aid", "banjo", "baluster / handrail", "barbell", "barber chair", "barbershop", "barn", "barometer", "barrel", "wheelbarrow", "baseball", "basketball", "bassinet", "bassoon", "swimming cap", "bath towel", "bathtub", "station wagon", "lighthouse", "beaker", "military hat (bearskin or shako)", "beer bottle", "beer glass", "bell tower", "baby bib", "tandem bicycle", "bikini", "ring binder", "binoculars", "birdhouse", "boathouse", "bobsleigh", "bolo tie", "poke bonnet", "bookcase", "bookstore", "bottle cap", "hunting bow", "bow tie", "brass memorial plaque", "bra", "breakwater", "breastplate", "broom", "bucket", "buckle", "bulletproof vest", "high-speed train", "butcher shop", "taxicab", "cauldron", "candle", "cannon", "canoe", "can opener", "cardigan", "car mirror", "carousel", "tool kit", "cardboard box / carton", "car wheel", "automated teller machine", "cassette", "cassette player", "castle", "catamaran", "CD player", "cello", "mobile phone", "chain", "chain-link fence", "chain mail", "chainsaw", "storage chest", "chiffonier", "bell or wind chime", "china cabinet", "Christmas stocking", "church", "movie theater", "cleaver", "cliff dwelling", "cloak", "clogs", "cocktail shaker", "coffee mug", "coffeemaker", "spiral or coil", "combination lock", "computer keyboard", "candy store", "container ship", "convertible", "corkscrew", "cornet", "cowboy boot", "cowboy hat", "cradle", "construction crane", "crash helmet", "crate", "infant bed", "Crock Pot", "croquet ball", "crutch", "cuirass", "dam", "desk", "desktop computer", "rotary dial telephone", "diaper", "digital clock", "digital watch", "dining table", "dishcloth", "dishwasher", "disc brake", "dock", "dog sled", "dome", "doormat", "drilling rig", "drum", "drumstick", "dumbbell", "Dutch oven", "electric fan", "electric guitar", "electric locomotive", "entertainment center", "envelope", "espresso machine", "face powder", "feather boa", "filing cabinet", "fireboat", "fire truck", "fire screen", "flagpole", "flute", "folding chair", "football helmet", "forklift", "fountain", "fountain pen", "four-poster bed", "freight car", "French horn", "frying pan", "fur coat", "garbage truck", "gas mask or respirator", "gas pump", "goblet", "go-kart", "golf ball", "golf cart", "gondola", "gong", "gown", "grand piano", "greenhouse", "radiator grille", "grocery store", "guillotine", "hair clip", "hair spray", "half-track", "hammer", "hamper", "hair dryer", "hand-held computer", "handkerchief", "hard disk drive", "harmonica", "harp", "combine harvester", "hatchet", "holster", "home theater", "honeycomb", "hook", "hoop skirt", "gymnastic horizontal bar", "horse-drawn vehicle", "hourglass", "iPod", "clothes iron", "carved pumpkin", "jeans", "jeep", "T-shirt", "jigsaw puzzle", "rickshaw", "joystick", "kimono", "knee pad", "knot", "lab coat", "ladle", "lampshade", "laptop computer", "lawn mower", "lens cap", "letter opener", "library", "lifeboat", "lighter", "limousine", "ocean liner", "lipstick", "slip-on shoe", "lotion", "music speaker", "loupe magnifying glass", "sawmill", "magnetic compass", "messenger bag", "mailbox", "tights", "one-piece bathing suit", "manhole cover", "maraca", "marimba", "mask", "matchstick", "maypole", "maze", "measuring cup", "medicine cabinet", "megalith", "microphone", "microwave oven", "military uniform", "milk can", "minibus", "miniskirt", "minivan", "missile", "mitten", "mixing bowl", "mobile home", "ford model t", "modem", "monastery", "monitor", "moped", "mortar and pestle", "graduation cap", "mosque", "mosquito net", "vespa", "mountain bike", "tent", "computer mouse", "mousetrap", "moving van", "muzzle", "metal nail", "neck brace", "necklace", "baby pacifier", "notebook computer", "obelisk", "oboe", "ocarina", "odometer", "oil filter", "pipe organ", "oscilloscope", "overskirt", "bullock cart", "oxygen mask", "product packet / packaging", "paddle", "paddle wheel", "padlock", "paintbrush", "pajamas", "palace", "pan flute", "paper towel", "parachute", "parallel bars", "park bench", "parking meter", "railroad car", "patio", "payphone", "pedestal", "pencil case", "pencil sharpener", "perfume", "Petri dish", "photocopier", "plectrum", "Pickelhaube", "picket fence", "pickup truck", "pier", "piggy bank", "pill bottle", "pillow", "ping-pong ball", "pinwheel", "pirate ship", "drink pitcher", "block plane", "planetarium", "plastic bag", "plate rack", "farm plow", "plunger", "Polaroid camera", "pole", "police van", "poncho", "pool table", "soda bottle", "plant pot", "potter's wheel", "power drill", "prayer rug", "printer", "prison", "missile", "projector", "hockey puck", "punching bag", "purse", "quill", "quilt", "race car", "racket", "radiator", "radio", "radio telescope", "rain barrel", "recreational vehicle", "fishing casting reel", "reflex camera", "refrigerator", "remote control", "restaurant", "revolver", "rifle", "rocking chair", "rotisserie", "eraser", "rugby ball", "ruler measuring stick", "sneaker", "safe", "safety pin", "salt shaker", "sandal", "sarong", "saxophone", "scabbard", "weighing scale", "school bus", "schooner", "scoreboard", "CRT monitor", "screw", "screwdriver", "seat belt", "sewing machine", "shield", "shoe store", "shoji screen / room divider", "shopping basket", "shopping cart", "shovel", "shower cap", "shower curtain", "ski", "balaclava ski mask", "sleeping bag", "slide rule", "sliding door", "slot machine", "snorkel", "snowmobile", "snowplow", "soap dispenser", "soccer ball", "sock", "solar thermal collector", "sombrero", "soup bowl", "keyboard space bar", "space heater", "space shuttle", "spatula", "motorboat", "spider web", "spindle", "sports car", "spotlight", "stage", "steam locomotive", "through arch bridge", "steel drum", "stethoscope", "scarf", "stone wall", "stopwatch", "stove", "strainer", "tram", "stretcher", "couch", "stupa", "submarine", "suit", "sundial", "sunglasses", "sunglasses", "sunscreen", "suspension bridge", "mop", "sweatshirt", "swim trunks / shorts", "swing", "electrical switch", "syringe", "table lamp", "tank", "tape player", "teapot", "teddy bear", "television", "tennis ball", "thatched roof", "front curtain", "thimble", "threshing machine", "throne", "tile roof", "toaster", "tobacco shop", "toilet seat", "torch", "totem pole", "tow truck", "toy store", "tractor", "semi-trailer truck", "tray", "trench coat", "tricycle", "trimaran", "tripod", "triumphal arch", "trolleybus", "trombone", "hot tub", "turnstile", "typewriter keyboard", "umbrella", "unicycle", "upright piano", "vacuum cleaner", "vase", "vaulted or arched ceiling", "velvet fabric", "vending machine", "vestment", "viaduct", "violin", "volleyball", "waffle iron", "wall clock", "wallet", "wardrobe", "military aircraft", "sink", "washing machine", "water bottle", "water jug", "water tower", "whiskey jug", "whistle", "hair wig", "window screen", "window shade", "Windsor tie", "wine bottle", "airplane wing", "wok", "wooden spoon", "wool", "split-rail fence", "shipwreck", "sailboat", "yurt", "website", "comic book", "crossword", "traffic or street sign", "traffic light", "dust jacket", "menu", "plate", "guacamole", "consomme", "hot pot", "trifle", "ice cream", "popsicle", "baguette", "bagel", "pretzel", "cheeseburger", "hot dog", "mashed potatoes", "cabbage", "broccoli", "cauliflower", "zucchini", "spaghetti squash", "acorn squash", "butternut squash", "cucumber", "artichoke", "bell pepper", "cardoon", "mushroom", "Granny Smith apple", "strawberry", "orange", "lemon", "fig", "pineapple", "banana", "jackfruit", "cherimoya (custard apple)", "pomegranate", "hay", "carbonara", "chocolate syrup", "dough", "meatloaf", "pizza", "pot pie", "burrito", "red wine", "espresso", "tea cup", "eggnog", "mountain", "bubble", "cliff", "coral reef", "geyser", "lakeshore", "promontory", "sandbar", "beach", "valley", "volcano", "baseball player", "bridegroom", "scuba diver", "rapeseed", "daisy", "yellow lady's slipper", "corn", "acorn", "rose hip", "horse chestnut seed", "coral fungus", "agaric", "gyromitra", "stinkhorn mushroom", "earth star fungus", "hen of the woods mushroom", "bolete", "corn cob", "toilet paper" ) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/retrieve_clip_VQA.py ================================================ import torch from PIL import Image import open_clip import argparse import os import json import sys from torch.utils.data import DataLoader from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler from tqdm import tqdm from training.data import HarvardDataset,HarvardVQADataset import debugpy def retrieve_topk_per_image(logits, val_k_list,retrieve_threshold=''): if not retrieve_threshold: pred_per_val_image = [] for i, k in enumerate(val_k_list): if k == 0: pred_per_val_image.append(torch.tensor([-1])) elif k == 1: pred_per_val_image.append( logits["image_to_text"][i].argmax(dim=0, keepdim=True) ) else: _, topk_indices = logits["image_to_text"][i].topk(k, dim=0) pred_per_val_image.append(topk_indices) return pred_per_val_image else: retrieve_threshold=float(retrieve_threshold) pred_per_val_image = [] for i, k in enumerate(val_k_list): if k == 0: pred_per_val_image.append(torch.tensor([-1])) else: logit_values = logits["image_to_text"][i] top1_logit = logit_values.max() sorted_logits, sorted_indices = torch.sort(logit_values, descending=True) # Calculate the ratio of the top1 logit to the other logits ratios = top1_logit / sorted_logits # Select indices where the ratio is beyond the retrieve_threshold selected_indices = sorted_indices[ratios < retrieve_threshold] # If k is more than the chosen topn, just choose topn if selected_indices.size(0) > k: selected_indices = selected_indices[:k] pred_per_val_image.append(selected_indices) return pred_per_val_image def get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale): logits_per_image = (logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t()).detach().cpu() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t().detach().cpu() logits = {"image_to_text": logits_per_image, "text_to_image": logits_per_text} return logits def clean_data_info(data_info): cleaned_data_info = {} for key, value in data_info.items(): if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor): if value.numel() == 1: cleaned_data_info[key] = value.item() elif isinstance(value, list) and len(value) == 1: cleaned_data_info[key] = value[0] else: cleaned_data_info[key] = value return cleaned_data_info def split_and_clean_data_infos(batch_data_infos): cleaned_data_infos = [] num_items = len(next(iter(batch_data_infos.values()))) # for i in range(num_items): # print(batch_data_infos) # single_data_info = {key: value[i] for key, value in batch_data_infos.items()} for i in range(num_items): single_data_info = {} for key, value in batch_data_infos.items(): if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor): single_data_info[key] = value[i] elif isinstance(value, list) and len(value) == num_items: single_data_info[key] = value[i] else: single_data_info[key] = value cleaned_data_infos.append(clean_data_info(single_data_info)) # cleaned_data_info = clean_data_info(single_data_info) # cleaned_data_infos.append(cleaned_data_info) return cleaned_data_infos def main(args): device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" input_dtype = torch.float16 if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.float32 model, _, preprocess = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms( args.model_name_or_path, pretrained=args.checkpoint_path, ) model = model.to(device) model.eval() tokenizer = open_clip.get_tokenizer(args.model_name_or_path) train_dataset = HarvardDataset( args.img_root, args.train_json, preprocess, tokenizer, load_include_path=True, ) eval_dataset = HarvardVQADataset( args.img_root, args.eval_jsonl, preprocess, tokenizer, # test=(args.eval_type=='test'), fixed_K=args.fixed_k, ) train_dataloader = DataLoader( train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False, num_workers=32, pin_memory=True, sampler=None, drop_last=False, ) train_dataloader.num_samples = len(train_dataset) train_dataloader.num_batches = len(train_dataloader) eval_dataloader = DataLoader( eval_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False, num_workers=32, pin_memory=True, sampler=None, drop_last=False, ) eval_dataloader.num_samples = len(eval_dataset) eval_dataloader.num_batches = len(eval_dataloader) val_all_image_features, val_all_text_features, val_k_list = [], [], [] train_all_image_features, train_all_text_features = [], [] train_all_image_full_paths, val_all_image_full_paths = [], [] data_infos_list = [] with torch.no_grad(), torch.cuda.amp.autocast(): for batch in tqdm(train_dataloader, desc="Extracting traininig features"): images, texts, image_full_paths = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) train_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) model_out = model(images, texts) image_features, text_features, logit_scale = model_out train_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) train_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() for batch in tqdm(eval_dataloader, desc="Extracting validation features"): images, texts, image_full_paths, retrieval_ks, data_infos = batch cleaned_data_infos = split_and_clean_data_infos(data_infos) images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) val_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) model_out = model(images, texts) image_features, text_features, logit_scale = model_out val_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) val_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() data_infos_list.extend(cleaned_data_infos) retrival_ks_list = [int(t) for t in retrieval_ks] val_k_list.extend(retrival_ks_list) print(f'val image feature length: {len(torch.cat(val_all_image_features))}') print(f'train text feature length: {len(torch.cat(train_all_text_features))}') logits = get_logits( image_features=torch.cat(val_all_image_features), text_features=torch.cat(train_all_text_features), logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), ) if args.fixed_k: val_k_list = [int(args.fixed_k)]*len(val_k_list) print(f'fixed k: {args.fixed_k}') print(f'clip threshold: {args.clip_threshold}') pred_per_val_image = retrieve_topk_per_image(logits, val_k_list,retrieve_threshold=args.clip_threshold) true_val_k_list=[len(indices) for indices in pred_per_val_image] output_jsonl = args.output_path print(f'length of pred_per_val_image: {len(pred_per_val_image)}') print(f'length of data_infos_list: {len(data_infos_list)}') print(f'length of val_k_list: {len(val_k_list)}') with open(output_jsonl, "w") as f: for topk_indices, data_info, k in zip( pred_per_val_image, data_infos_list, true_val_k_list ): reference_reports = [] for idx in topk_indices: if idx.item() == -1: break reference_reports.append( train_dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[idx.item()][1] ) data_info["reference_reports"] = reference_reports data_info["retrieve_k"] = k f.write(json.dumps(data_info)) f.write("\n") print(f"Finished writing referenced reports to {output_jsonl}.") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Retrieve Top-K Predictions for Images" ) parser.add_argument( "--img_root", type=str, default="", help="Path to image root directory", ) parser.add_argument( "--train_json", type=str, default="", help="Path to training JSON annotation file", ) parser.add_argument( "--eval_jsonl", type=str, default="", help="Path to evaluation JSONL file", ) parser.add_argument( "--model_name_or_path", type=str, default="hf-hub:thaottn/OpenCLIP-resnet50-CC12M", help="Model name or path", ) parser.add_argument( "--checkpoint_path", type=str, default="", help="Path to model checkpoint", ) parser.add_argument( "--config_type", type=str, default="tokenProb", help="Configuration type" ) parser.add_argument( "--output_path", type=str, default="", help="Path to output JSONL file" ) parser.add_argument( "--clip_threshold",type=str,default='',help='clip threshold for retrieval' ) parser.add_argument( "--fixed_k",type=str,default='',help='fixed k for retrieval' ) parser.add_argument( "--eval_type",type=str,default='',help='eval type' ) args = parser.parse_args() main(args) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/retrieve_clip_report.py ================================================ import torch from PIL import Image import open_clip import argparse import os import json import sys from torch.utils.data import DataLoader from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler from tqdm import tqdm from training.data import HarvardDataset import debugpy def retrieve_topk_per_image(logits, val_k_list,retrieve_threshold=''): if not retrieve_threshold: pred_per_val_image = [] for i, k in enumerate(val_k_list): if k == 0: pred_per_val_image.append(torch.tensor([-1])) elif k == 1: pred_per_val_image.append( logits["image_to_text"][i].argmax(dim=0, keepdim=True) ) else: _, topk_indices = logits["image_to_text"][i].topk(k, dim=0) pred_per_val_image.append(topk_indices) return pred_per_val_image else: retrieve_threshold=float(retrieve_threshold) pred_per_val_image = [] for i, k in enumerate(val_k_list): if k == 0: pred_per_val_image.append(torch.tensor([-1])) else: logit_values = logits["image_to_text"][i] top1_logit = logit_values.max() sorted_logits, sorted_indices = torch.sort(logit_values, descending=True) # Calculate the ratio of the top1 logit to the other logits ratios = top1_logit / sorted_logits # Select indices where the ratio is beyond the retrieve_threshold selected_indices = sorted_indices[ratios < retrieve_threshold] # If k is more than the chosen topn, just choose topn if selected_indices.size(0) > k: selected_indices = selected_indices[:k] pred_per_val_image.append(selected_indices) return pred_per_val_image def get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale): logits_per_image = (logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t()).detach().cpu() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t().detach().cpu() logits = {"image_to_text": logits_per_image, "text_to_image": logits_per_text} return logits def clean_data_info(data_info): cleaned_data_info = {} for key, value in data_info.items(): if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor): if value.numel() == 1: cleaned_data_info[key] = value.item() elif isinstance(value, list) and len(value) == 1: cleaned_data_info[key] = value[0] else: cleaned_data_info[key] = value return cleaned_data_info def split_and_clean_data_infos(batch_data_infos): cleaned_data_infos = [] num_items = len(next(iter(batch_data_infos.values()))) # for i in range(num_items): # print(batch_data_infos) # single_data_info = {key: value[i] for key, value in batch_data_infos.items()} for i in range(num_items): single_data_info = {} for key, value in batch_data_infos.items(): if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor): single_data_info[key] = value[i] elif isinstance(value, list) and len(value) == num_items: single_data_info[key] = value[i] else: single_data_info[key] = value cleaned_data_infos.append(clean_data_info(single_data_info)) # cleaned_data_info = clean_data_info(single_data_info) # cleaned_data_infos.append(cleaned_data_info) return cleaned_data_infos def main(args): device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" input_dtype = torch.float16 if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.float32 model, _, preprocess = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms( args.model_name_or_path, pretrained=args.checkpoint_path, ) model = model.to(device) model.eval() tokenizer = open_clip.get_tokenizer(args.model_name_or_path) train_dataset = HarvardDataset( args.img_root, args.train_json, preprocess, tokenizer, load_include_path=True, ) eval_dataset = HarvardDataset( args.img_root, args.eval_jsonl, preprocess, tokenizer, load_include_path=True, load_include_k=True, retrieval_k=args.fixed_k, test=(args.eval_type=='test'), ) # eval_dataset = quilt_1m_VQADataset( # args.img_root, # args.eval_jsonl, # preprocess, # tokenizer, # args.fixed_k, # ) train_dataloader = DataLoader( train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False, num_workers=32, pin_memory=True, sampler=None, drop_last=False, ) train_dataloader.num_samples = len(train_dataset) train_dataloader.num_batches = len(train_dataloader) eval_dataloader = DataLoader( eval_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False, num_workers=32, pin_memory=True, sampler=None, drop_last=False, ) eval_dataloader.num_samples = len(eval_dataset) eval_dataloader.num_batches = len(eval_dataloader) val_all_image_features, val_all_text_features, val_k_list = [], [], [] train_all_image_features, train_all_text_features = [], [] train_all_image_full_paths, val_all_image_full_paths = [], [] data_infos_list = [] with torch.no_grad(), torch.cuda.amp.autocast(): for batch in tqdm(train_dataloader, desc="Extracting traininig features"): images, texts, image_full_paths = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) train_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) model_out = model(images, texts) image_features, text_features, logit_scale = model_out train_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) train_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() for batch in tqdm(eval_dataloader, desc="Extracting validation features"): images, texts, image_full_paths, retrieval_ks, data_infos = batch cleaned_data_infos = split_and_clean_data_infos(data_infos) images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) val_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) model_out = model(images, texts) image_features, text_features, logit_scale = model_out val_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) val_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() data_infos_list.extend(cleaned_data_infos) retrival_ks_list = [int(t) for t in retrieval_ks] val_k_list.extend(retrival_ks_list) print(f'val image feature length: {len(torch.cat(val_all_image_features))}') print(f'train text feature length: {len(torch.cat(train_all_text_features))}') logits = get_logits( image_features=torch.cat(val_all_image_features), text_features=torch.cat(train_all_text_features), logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), ) if args.fixed_k: val_k_list = [int(args.fixed_k)]*len(val_k_list) print(f'fixed k: {args.fixed_k}') print(f'clip threshold: {args.clip_threshold}') pred_per_val_image = retrieve_topk_per_image(logits, val_k_list,retrieve_threshold=args.clip_threshold) true_val_k_list=[len(indices) for indices in pred_per_val_image] output_jsonl = args.output_path print(f'length of pred_per_val_image: {len(pred_per_val_image)}') print(f'length of data_infos_list: {len(data_infos_list)}') print(f'length of val_k_list: {len(val_k_list)}') with open(output_jsonl, "w") as f: for topk_indices, data_info, k in zip( pred_per_val_image, data_infos_list, true_val_k_list ): reference_reports = [] for idx in topk_indices: if idx.item() == -1: break reference_reports.append( train_dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[idx.item()][1] ) data_info["reference_reports"] = reference_reports data_info["retrieve_k"] = k formatted_data_info = { 'id': data_info['id'], 'report': data_info['report'], 'reference_reports': data_info['reference_reports'], 'retrieve_k': data_info['retrieve_k'], 'image': data_info['image_path'], } f.write(json.dumps(formatted_data_info)) f.write("\n") print(f"Finished writing referenced reports to {output_jsonl}.") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Retrieve Top-K Predictions for Images" ) parser.add_argument( "--img_root", type=str, default="", help="Path to image root directory", ) parser.add_argument( "--train_json", type=str, default="", help="Path to training JSON annotation file", ) parser.add_argument( "--eval_jsonl", type=str, default="", help="Path to evaluation JSONL file", ) parser.add_argument( "--model_name_or_path", type=str, default="hf-hub:thaottn/OpenCLIP-resnet50-CC12M", help="Model name or path", ) parser.add_argument( "--checkpoint_path", type=str, default="", help="Path to model checkpoint", ) parser.add_argument( "--config_type", type=str, default="tokenProb", help="Configuration type" ) parser.add_argument( "--output_path", type=str, default="", help="Path to output JSONL file" ) parser.add_argument( "--clip_threshold",type=str,default='',help='clip threshold for retrieval' ) parser.add_argument( "--fixed_k",type=str,default='',help='fixed k for retrieval' ) parser.add_argument( "--eval_type",type=str,default='',help='eval type' ) args = parser.parse_args() main(args) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/.gitignore ================================================ logs/ ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/__init__.py ================================================ ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/data.py ================================================ import ast import json import logging import math import os import random import sys import braceexpand from dataclasses import dataclass from multiprocessing import Value import re import numpy as np import pandas as pd import torch import torchvision.datasets as datasets import webdataset as wds from PIL import Image from torch.utils.data import ( Dataset, DataLoader, SubsetRandomSampler, IterableDataset, get_worker_info, ) from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler from webdataset.filters import _shuffle from webdataset.tariterators import ( base_plus_ext, url_opener, tar_file_expander, valid_sample, ) try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None class CsvDataset(Dataset): def __init__( self, input_filename, transforms, img_key, caption_key, sep="\t", tokenizer=None ): logging.debug(f"Loading csv data from {input_filename}.") df = pd.read_csv(input_filename, sep=sep) self.images = df[img_key].tolist() self.captions = df[caption_key].tolist() self.transforms = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): return len(self.captions) def __getitem__(self, idx): images = self.transforms(Image.open(str(self.images[idx]))) texts = self.tokenize([str(self.captions[idx])])[0] return images, texts class IUXrayDataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {json_file}.") self.load_include_path = load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file self.retrieve_k = retrieval_k self.load_include_k = load_include_k with open(json_file, "r") as file: self.data = json.load(file) # if not test: # with open(json_file, "r") as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["train"] # else: # with open(json_file, "r") as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["test"] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) for img_path in entry["image_path"]: if "0.png" in img_path: self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry.get('caption', entry.get('report'))) ) else: continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): item=self.data[idx] item['image_path']=item['image_path'][0] if isinstance(item['image_path'],list) else item['image_path'] img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k and self.retrieve_k: return image, report_text, img_path, self.retrieve_k,item return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class PubMedVisionDataset(Dataset):#TODO def __init__(self, img_root,json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None,load_include_path=False,test=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f'Loading json data from {json_file}.') self.load_include_path=load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file if not test: with open(json_file, 'r') as file: self.data = json.load(file) else: with open(json_file, 'r') as file: self.data = json.load(file) self.load_include_k=load_include_k self.retrieval_k=retrieval_k # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry['id']) self.image_report_pairs.append((os.path.join(img_root, entry["image_path"]), entry["report"])) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append((os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"])) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug('Done loading data.') self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert('RGB') # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text= self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k==True and self.retrieval_k is not None: return image, report_text, img_path, self.retrieval_k, data_info return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class RadiologyDataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {json_file}.") self.load_include_path = load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file with open(json_file, 'r') as f: self.data = json.load(f) # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(entry["image_root"], entry["image_path"][0]), entry["report"]) ) # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class PathologyDataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {json_file}.") self.load_include_path = load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file with open(json_file, 'r') as f: self.data = json.load(f) # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # print(entry) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(entry["image_root"], entry.get('image', entry.get('image_path'))), entry.get('caption', entry.get('report'))) ) # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class MimicVQADataset(Dataset): # def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, fixed_K=1, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file self.fixed_K=fixed_K with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) # ) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.img_root, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.fixed_K report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info class IUXrayVQADataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, fixed_K=1, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file self.fixed_K=fixed_K with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) # ) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.img_root, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.fixed_K report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info class pmc_oa_VQADataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, test=False, fixed_K=1, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file self.fixed_K=fixed_K if not test: self.image_folder=os.path.join(img_root,'train_images') with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] else: self.image_folder=os.path.join(img_root,'test_images') with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(self.image_folder, entry["image"]), entry["report"]) # ) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.image_folder, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.fixed_K report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info class HarvardVQADataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, fixed_K=1, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file self.fixed_K=fixed_K with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) # ) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.img_root, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.fixed_K report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info class quilt_1m_VQADataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, fixed_K=1, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file self.fixed_K=fixed_K with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) # ) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.img_root, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.fixed_K report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info class quilt_1m_Dataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ self.retrieve_k = retrieval_k self.load_include_k = load_include_k self.load_include_path = load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file self.image_folder=img_root with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: try: self.data = json.load(file) except: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) img_name = entry.get('image_path', entry.get('image')) report = entry.get('caption', entry.get('report')) self.image_report_pairs.append([os.path.join(self.image_folder, img_name), report]) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): # print(self.data[idx]) item= self.data[idx] item_id=item['id'] img_name = item.get('image_path', item.get('image')) report = item.get('caption', item.get('report')) # (id,img_name, report) = self.data[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(os.path.join(self.image_folder,img_name)).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k and self.retrieve_k: return image, report_text, img_name, self.retrieve_k,item return image, report_text, img_name return image, report_text class pmc_oa_Dataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ self.retrieve_k = retrieval_k self.load_include_k = load_include_k self.load_include_path = load_include_path # Load data from the JSON file if not test: self.image_folder=os.path.join(img_root,'train_images') with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = json.load(file) else: self.image_folder=os.path.join(img_root,'test_images') with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = json.load(file) # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(self.image_folder, entry["image"]), entry["report"]) ) # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): # print(self.data[idx]) item= self.data[idx] item_id=item['id'] img_name=item['image'] report=item['report'] # (id,img_name, report) = self.data[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(os.path.join(self.image_folder,img_name)).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k and self.retrieve_k: return image, report_text, img_name, self.retrieve_k,item return image, report_text, img_name return image, report_text class IUXrayVQADataset_with_conf(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, jsonl_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, config_type=None, k_max=20, k_min=0, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {jsonl_file}.") self.img_root = img_root # Load data from the JSON file if config_type is None: raise ValueError("config_type cannot be None.") with open(jsonl_file, "r") as file: self.data = [json.loads(line) for line in file] if config_type == "tokenProb": confidence_list = [ entry["confidence"] for entry in self.data if entry["confidence"] is not None ] elif config_type=='verbConf': confidence_list = [ entry["confidence"] for entry in self.data if entry["confidence"] is not None ] confidence_list=[int(confidence.strip('%')) for confidence in confidence_list if confidence] avg_confidence = sum(confidence_list) / len(confidence_list) print(confidence_list) print(f'average confidence: {avg_confidence}') self.min_confidence = min(confidence_list) self.max_confidence = max(confidence_list) print(f'min confidence: {self.min_confidence}') print(f'max confidence: {self.max_confidence}') self.avg_confidence = avg_confidence self.confidence_list=confidence_list self.k_min = k_min self.k_max = k_max # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] # self.image_report_pairs = [] # for entry in self.data: # self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) # for img_path in entry["image_path"]: # if "0.png" in img_path: # self.image_report_pairs.append( # (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) # ) # else: # continue # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.data) def __getitem__(self, idx): data_info = self.data[idx] img_path = os.path.join(self.img_root, data_info["image"]) image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) retrival_k = self.map_confidence_to_k(self.confidence_list[idx]) report = data_info["report"] report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] return image, report_text, img_path, retrival_k, data_info def map_confidence_to_k(self, confidence): """ Maps a confidence value to a k value inversely proportional to the confidence. Args: - min_conf (float): The minimum confidence value. - max_conf (float): The maximum confidence value. - confidence (float): The current confidence value. - k_min (int): The minimum value of k. - k_max (int): The maximum value of k. Returns: - k (int): The number of objects to retrieve. """ if confidence < self.min_confidence or confidence > self.max_confidence: raise ValueError("Confidence value out of bounds.") # Calculate the inverse proportional value normalized_confidence = (confidence - self.min_confidence) / ( self.max_confidence - self.min_confidence ) k = self.k_max - normalized_confidence * (self.k_max - self.k_min) return round(k) class MimicDataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {json_file}.") self.load_include_path = load_include_path self.retrieve_k = retrieval_k self.load_include_k = load_include_k # Load data from the JSON file # if not test: # with open(json_file, 'r') as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["train"] # else: # with open(json_file, 'r') as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["test"] with open(json_file, "r") as file: self.data = json.load(file) # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) for img_path in entry["image_path"]: self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(img_root, img_path), entry["report"]) ) # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): item=self.data[idx] img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k and self.retrieve_k: return image, report_text, img_path, self.retrieve_k,item return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class HarvardDataset(Dataset): # TODO def __init__( self, img_root, json_file, transforms, tokenizer=None, load_include_path=False, load_include_k=False, retrieval_k=None, test=False, ): """ Initializes the dataset object. :param json_file: path to the JSON file containing the annotations. :param transform: optional transform to be applied on a sample. """ logging.debug(f"Loading json data from {json_file}.") self.load_include_path = load_include_path self.retrieve_k = retrieval_k self.load_include_k = load_include_k # Load data from the JSON file # if not test: # with open(json_file, 'r') as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["train"] # else: # with open(json_file, 'r') as file: # self.data = json.load(file)["test"] with open(json_file, "r") as file: self.data = json.load(file) # Flatten the list of image paths and associate each with the corresponding report self.image_ids = [] self.image_report_pairs = [] for entry in self.data: filename = entry["filename"] # match = re.search(r'data_(\d+)\.npz', filename) self.image_ids.append(entry["id"]) self.image_report_pairs.append( (os.path.join(img_root, entry["image_path"]), entry["gpt4_summary"]) ) # self.image_report_pairs.append((img_path, entry["report"])) self.transform = transforms logging.debug("Done loading data.") self.tokenize = tokenizer def __len__(self): """ Returns the total number of image-report pairs in the dataset. """ return len(self.image_report_pairs) def __getitem__(self, idx): item=self.data[idx] img_path, report = self.image_report_pairs[idx] # Load image image = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB") # Apply transformation if self.transform: image = self.transform(image) report_text = self.tokenize([report])[0] if self.load_include_path: if self.load_include_k and self.retrieve_k: return image, report_text, img_path, self.retrieve_k,item return image, report_text, img_path return image, report_text class SharedEpoch: def __init__(self, epoch: int = 0): self.shared_epoch = Value("i", epoch) def set_value(self, epoch): self.shared_epoch.value = epoch def get_value(self): return self.shared_epoch.value @dataclass class DataInfo: dataloader: DataLoader sampler: DistributedSampler = None shared_epoch: SharedEpoch = None def set_epoch(self, epoch): if self.shared_epoch is not None: self.shared_epoch.set_value(epoch) if self.sampler is not None and isinstance(self.sampler, DistributedSampler): self.sampler.set_epoch(epoch) def expand_urls(urls, weights=None): if weights is None: expanded_urls = wds.shardlists.expand_urls(urls) return expanded_urls, None if isinstance(urls, str): urllist = urls.split("::") weights = weights.split("::") assert ( len(weights) == len(urllist) ), f"Expected the number of data components ({len(urllist)}) and weights({len(weights)}) to match." weights = [float(weight) for weight in weights] all_urls, all_weights = [], [] for url, weight in zip(urllist, weights): expanded_url = list(braceexpand.braceexpand(url)) expanded_weights = [weight for _ in expanded_url] all_urls.extend(expanded_url) all_weights.extend(expanded_weights) return all_urls, all_weights else: all_urls = list(urls) return all_urls, weights def get_dataset_size(shards): shards_list, _ = expand_urls(shards) dir_path = os.path.dirname(shards_list[0]) sizes_filename = os.path.join(dir_path, "sizes.json") len_filename = os.path.join(dir_path, "__len__") if os.path.exists(sizes_filename): sizes = json.load(open(sizes_filename, "r")) total_size = sum([int(sizes[os.path.basename(shard)]) for shard in shards_list]) elif os.path.exists(len_filename): # FIXME this used to be eval(open(...)) but that seemed rather unsafe total_size = ast.literal_eval(open(len_filename, "r").read()) else: total_size = None # num samples undefined # some common dataset sizes (at time of authors last download) # CC3M (train): 2905954 # CC12M: 10968539 # LAION-400M: 407332084 # LAION-2B (english): 2170337258 num_shards = len(shards_list) return total_size, num_shards def get_imagenet(args, preprocess_fns, split): assert split in ["train", "val", "v2"] is_train = split == "train" preprocess_train, preprocess_val = preprocess_fns if split == "v2": from imagenetv2_pytorch import ImageNetV2Dataset dataset = ImageNetV2Dataset(location=args.imagenet_v2, transform=preprocess_val) else: if is_train: data_path = args.imagenet_train preprocess_fn = preprocess_train else: data_path = args.imagenet_val preprocess_fn = preprocess_val assert data_path dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(data_path, transform=preprocess_fn) if is_train: idxs = np.zeros(len(dataset.targets)) target_array = np.array(dataset.targets) k = 50 for c in range(1000): m = target_array == c n = len(idxs[m]) arr = np.zeros(n) arr[:k] = 1 np.random.shuffle(arr) idxs[m] = arr idxs = idxs.astype("int") sampler = SubsetRandomSampler(np.where(idxs)[0]) else: sampler = None dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, num_workers=args.workers, sampler=sampler, ) return DataInfo(dataloader=dataloader, sampler=sampler) def count_samples(dataloader): os.environ["WDS_EPOCH"] = "0" n_elements, n_batches = 0, 0 for images, texts in dataloader: n_batches += 1 n_elements += len(images) assert len(images) == len(texts) return n_elements, n_batches def filter_no_caption_or_no_image(sample): has_caption = "txt" in sample has_image = ( "png" in sample or "jpg" in sample or "jpeg" in sample or "webp" in sample ) return has_caption and has_image def log_and_continue(exn): """Call in an exception handler to ignore any exception, issue a warning, and continue.""" logging.warning(f"Handling webdataset error ({repr(exn)}). Ignoring.") return True def group_by_keys_nothrow( data, keys=base_plus_ext, lcase=True, suffixes=None, handler=None ): """Return function over iterator that groups key, value pairs into samples. :param keys: function that splits the key into key and extension (base_plus_ext) :param lcase: convert suffixes to lower case (Default value = True) """ current_sample = None for filesample in data: assert isinstance(filesample, dict) fname, value = filesample["fname"], filesample["data"] prefix, suffix = keys(fname) if prefix is None: continue if lcase: suffix = suffix.lower() # FIXME webdataset version throws if suffix in current_sample, but we have a potential for # this happening in the current LAION400m dataset if a tar ends with same prefix as the next # begins, rare, but can happen since prefix aren't unique across tar files in that dataset if ( current_sample is None or prefix != current_sample["__key__"] or suffix in current_sample ): if valid_sample(current_sample): yield current_sample current_sample = dict(__key__=prefix, __url__=filesample["__url__"]) if suffixes is None or suffix in suffixes: current_sample[suffix] = value if valid_sample(current_sample): yield current_sample def tarfile_to_samples_nothrow(src, handler=log_and_continue): # NOTE this is a re-impl of the webdataset impl with group_by_keys that doesn't throw streams = url_opener(src, handler=handler) files = tar_file_expander(streams, handler=handler) samples = group_by_keys_nothrow(files, handler=handler) return samples def pytorch_worker_seed(increment=0): """get dataloader worker seed from pytorch""" worker_info = get_worker_info() if worker_info is not None: # favour using the seed already created for pytorch dataloader workers if it exists seed = worker_info.seed if increment: # space out seed increments so they can't overlap across workers in different iterations seed += increment * max(1, worker_info.num_workers) return seed # fallback to wds rank based seed return wds.utils.pytorch_worker_seed() _SHARD_SHUFFLE_SIZE = 2000 _SHARD_SHUFFLE_INITIAL = 500 _SAMPLE_SHUFFLE_SIZE = 5000 _SAMPLE_SHUFFLE_INITIAL = 1000 class detshuffle2(wds.PipelineStage): def __init__( self, bufsize=1000, initial=100, seed=0, epoch=-1, ): self.bufsize = bufsize self.initial = initial self.seed = seed self.epoch = epoch def run(self, src): if isinstance(self.epoch, SharedEpoch): epoch = self.epoch.get_value() else: # NOTE: this is epoch tracking is problematic in a multiprocess (dataloader workers or train) # situation as different workers may wrap at different times (or not at all). self.epoch += 1 epoch = self.epoch rng = random.Random() if self.seed < 0: # If seed is negative, we use the worker's seed, this will be different across all nodes/workers seed = pytorch_worker_seed(epoch) else: # This seed to be deterministic AND the same across all nodes/workers in each epoch seed = self.seed + epoch rng.seed(seed) return _shuffle(src, self.bufsize, self.initial, rng) class ResampledShards2(IterableDataset): """An iterable dataset yielding a list of urls.""" def __init__( self, urls, weights=None, nshards=sys.maxsize, worker_seed=None, deterministic=False, epoch=-1, ): """Sample shards from the shard list with replacement. :param urls: a list of URLs as a Python list or brace notation string """ super().__init__() urls, weights = expand_urls(urls, weights) self.urls = urls self.weights = weights if self.weights is not None: assert ( len(self.urls) == len(self.weights) ), f"Number of urls {len(self.urls)} and weights {len(self.weights)} should match." assert isinstance(self.urls[0], str) self.nshards = nshards self.rng = random.Random() self.worker_seed = worker_seed self.deterministic = deterministic self.epoch = epoch def __iter__(self): """Return an iterator over the shards.""" if isinstance(self.epoch, SharedEpoch): epoch = self.epoch.get_value() else: # NOTE: this is epoch tracking is problematic in a multiprocess (dataloader workers or train) # situation as different workers may wrap at different times (or not at all). self.epoch += 1 epoch = self.epoch if self.deterministic: # reset seed w/ epoch if deterministic if self.worker_seed is None: # pytorch worker seed should be deterministic due to being init by arg.seed + rank + worker id seed = pytorch_worker_seed(epoch) else: seed = self.worker_seed() + epoch self.rng.seed(seed) for _ in range(self.nshards): if self.weights is None: yield dict(url=self.rng.choice(self.urls)) else: yield dict( url=self.rng.choices(self.urls, weights=self.weights, k=1)[0] ) def get_wds_dataset( args, preprocess_img, is_train, epoch=0, floor=False, tokenizer=None ): input_shards = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert input_shards is not None resampled = getattr(args, "dataset_resampled", False) and is_train num_shards = None if is_train: if args.train_num_samples is not None: num_samples = args.train_num_samples else: num_samples, num_shards = get_dataset_size(input_shards) if not num_samples: raise RuntimeError( "Currently, the number of dataset samples must be specified for the training dataset. " "Please specify it via `--train-num-samples` if no dataset length info is present." ) else: # Eval will just exhaust the iterator if the size is not specified. num_samples = args.val_num_samples or 0 shared_epoch = SharedEpoch( epoch=epoch ) # create a shared epoch store to sync epoch to dataloader worker proc if is_train and args.train_data_upsampling_factors is not None: assert resampled, "--train_data_upsampling_factors is only supported when sampling with replacement (with --dataset-resampled)." if resampled: pipeline = [ ResampledShards2( input_shards, weights=args.train_data_upsampling_factors, deterministic=True, epoch=shared_epoch, ) ] else: pipeline = [wds.SimpleShardList(input_shards)] # at this point we have an iterator over all the shards if is_train: if not resampled: pipeline.extend( [ detshuffle2( bufsize=_SHARD_SHUFFLE_SIZE, initial=_SHARD_SHUFFLE_INITIAL, seed=args.seed, epoch=shared_epoch, ), wds.split_by_node, wds.split_by_worker, ] ) pipeline.extend( [ # at this point, we have an iterator over the shards assigned to each worker at each node tarfile_to_samples_nothrow, # wds.tarfile_to_samples(handler=log_and_continue), wds.shuffle( bufsize=_SAMPLE_SHUFFLE_SIZE, initial=_SAMPLE_SHUFFLE_INITIAL, ), ] ) else: pipeline.extend( [ wds.split_by_worker, # at this point, we have an iterator over the shards assigned to each worker wds.tarfile_to_samples(handler=log_and_continue), ] ) pipeline.extend( [ wds.select(filter_no_caption_or_no_image), wds.decode("pilrgb", handler=log_and_continue), wds.rename(image="jpg;png;jpeg;webp", text="txt"), wds.map_dict(image=preprocess_img, text=lambda text: tokenizer(text)[0]), wds.to_tuple("image", "text"), wds.batched(args.batch_size, partial=not is_train), ] ) dataset = wds.DataPipeline(*pipeline) if is_train: if not resampled: num_shards = num_shards or len(expand_urls(input_shards)[0]) assert ( num_shards >= args.workers * args.world_size ), "number of shards must be >= total workers" # roll over and repeat a few samples to get same number of full batches on each node round_fn = math.floor if floor else math.ceil global_batch_size = args.batch_size * args.world_size num_batches = round_fn(num_samples / global_batch_size) num_workers = max(1, args.workers) num_worker_batches = round_fn( num_batches / num_workers ) # per dataloader worker num_batches = num_worker_batches * num_workers num_samples = num_batches * global_batch_size dataset = dataset.with_epoch( num_worker_batches ) # each worker is iterating over this else: # last batches are partial, eval is done on single (master) node num_batches = math.ceil(num_samples / args.batch_size) dataloader = wds.WebLoader( dataset, batch_size=None, shuffle=False, num_workers=args.workers, persistent_workers=args.workers > 0, ) # FIXME not clear which approach is better, with_epoch before vs after dataloader? # hoping to resolve via https://github.com/webdataset/webdataset/issues/169 # if is_train: # # roll over and repeat a few samples to get same number of full batches on each node # global_batch_size = args.batch_size * args.world_size # num_batches = math.ceil(num_samples / global_batch_size) # num_workers = max(1, args.workers) # num_batches = math.ceil(num_batches / num_workers) * num_workers # num_samples = num_batches * global_batch_size # dataloader = dataloader.with_epoch(num_batches) # else: # # last batches are partial, eval is done on single (master) node # num_batches = math.ceil(num_samples / args.batch_size) # add meta-data to dataloader instance for convenience dataloader.num_batches = num_batches dataloader.num_samples = num_samples return DataInfo(dataloader=dataloader, shared_epoch=shared_epoch) def get_csv_dataset(args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None): input_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert input_filename dataset = CsvDataset( input_filename, preprocess_fn, img_key=args.csv_img_key, caption_key=args.csv_caption_key, sep=args.csv_separator, tokenizer=tokenizer, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_pmc_oa_Dataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset =pmc_oa_Dataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_quilt_1m_Dataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset =quilt_1m_Dataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_HarvardDataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset = HarvardDataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_IUXrayDataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset = IUXrayDataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_MimicDataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset = MimicDataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) class SyntheticDataset(Dataset): def __init__( self, transform=None, image_size=(224, 224), caption="Dummy caption", dataset_size=100, tokenizer=None, ): self.transform = transform self.image_size = image_size self.caption = caption self.image = Image.new("RGB", image_size) self.dataset_size = dataset_size self.preprocess_txt = lambda text: tokenizer(text)[0] def __len__(self): return self.dataset_size def __getitem__(self, idx): if self.transform is not None: image = self.transform(self.image) return image, self.preprocess_txt(self.caption) def get_synthetic_dataset(args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None): image_size = preprocess_fn.transforms[0].size dataset = SyntheticDataset( transform=preprocess_fn, image_size=image_size, dataset_size=args.train_num_samples, tokenizer=tokenizer, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_radiology_Dataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset = RadiologyDataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_pathology_Dataset( args, preprocess_fn, is_train, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, test=False, ): # TODO json_filename = args.train_data if is_train else args.val_data assert json_filename dataset = PathologyDataset( args.img_root, json_filename, preprocess_fn, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=test, ) num_samples = len(dataset) sampler = DistributedSampler(dataset) if args.distributed and is_train else None shuffle = is_train and sampler is None if no_shuffle: shuffle = False print("Training dataloader do not shuffle.") dataloader = DataLoader( dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=args.workers, pin_memory=True, sampler=sampler, drop_last=is_train, ) dataloader.num_samples = num_samples dataloader.num_batches = len(dataloader) return DataInfo(dataloader, sampler) def get_dataset_fn(data_path, dataset_type): if dataset_type == "webdataset": return get_wds_dataset elif dataset_type == "csv": return get_csv_dataset elif dataset_type == "synthetic": return get_synthetic_dataset elif dataset_type == "IUXray": return get_IUXrayDataset elif dataset_type == "Harvard": return get_HarvardDataset elif dataset_type == "mimic": return get_MimicDataset elif dataset_type == "pmc_oa": return get_pmc_oa_Dataset elif dataset_type == "quilt_1m": return get_quilt_1m_Dataset elif dataset_type=="radiology": return get_radiology_Dataset elif dataset_type=="pathology": return get_pathology_Dataset elif dataset_type == "auto": ext = data_path.split(".")[-1] if ext in ["csv", "tsv"]: return get_csv_dataset elif ext in ["tar"]: return get_wds_dataset else: raise ValueError( f"Tried to figure out dataset type, but failed for extension {ext}." ) else: raise ValueError(f"Unsupported dataset type: {dataset_type}") def get_data( args, preprocess_fns, epoch=0, tokenizer=None, no_shuffle=False, load_include_path=False, ): preprocess_train, preprocess_val = preprocess_fns data = {} if args.train_data or args.dataset_type == "synthetic": data["train"] = get_dataset_fn(args.train_data, args.dataset_type)( args, preprocess_train, is_train=True, epoch=epoch, tokenizer=tokenizer, no_shuffle=no_shuffle, load_include_path=load_include_path, ) if args.val_data: data["val"] = get_dataset_fn(args.val_data, args.dataset_type)( args, preprocess_val, is_train=False, tokenizer=tokenizer, load_include_path=load_include_path, test=False, ) if args.imagenet_val is not None: data["imagenet-val"] = get_imagenet(args, preprocess_fns, "val") if args.imagenet_v2 is not None: data["imagenet-v2"] = get_imagenet(args, preprocess_fns, "v2") return data ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/distributed.py ================================================ import os import torch import torch.distributed as dist try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None def is_global_master(args): return args.rank == 0 def is_local_master(args): return args.local_rank == 0 def is_master(args, local=False): return is_local_master(args) if local else is_global_master(args) def is_using_horovod(): # NOTE w/ horovod run, OMPI vars should be set, but w/ SLURM PMI vars will be set # Differentiating between horovod and DDP use via SLURM may not be possible, so horovod arg still required... ompi_vars = ["OMPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK", "OMPI_COMM_WORLD_SIZE"] pmi_vars = ["PMI_RANK", "PMI_SIZE"] if all([var in os.environ for var in ompi_vars]) or all([var in os.environ for var in pmi_vars]): return True else: return False def is_using_distributed(): if 'WORLD_SIZE' in os.environ: return int(os.environ['WORLD_SIZE']) > 1 if 'SLURM_NTASKS' in os.environ: return int(os.environ['SLURM_NTASKS']) > 1 return False def world_info_from_env(): local_rank = 0 for v in ('LOCAL_RANK', 'MPI_LOCALRANKID', 'SLURM_LOCALID', 'OMPI_COMM_WORLD_LOCAL_RANK'): if v in os.environ: local_rank = int(os.environ[v]) break global_rank = 0 for v in ('RANK', 'PMI_RANK', 'SLURM_PROCID', 'OMPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK'): if v in os.environ: global_rank = int(os.environ[v]) break world_size = 1 for v in ('WORLD_SIZE', 'PMI_SIZE', 'SLURM_NTASKS', 'OMPI_COMM_WORLD_SIZE'): if v in os.environ: world_size = int(os.environ[v]) break return local_rank, global_rank, world_size def init_distributed_device(args): # Distributed training = training on more than one GPU. # Works in both single and multi-node scenarios. args.distributed = False args.world_size = 1 args.rank = 0 # global rank args.local_rank = 0 if args.horovod: assert hvd is not None, "Horovod is not installed" hvd.init() args.local_rank = int(hvd.local_rank()) args.rank = hvd.rank() args.world_size = hvd.size() args.distributed = True os.environ['LOCAL_RANK'] = str(args.local_rank) os.environ['RANK'] = str(args.rank) os.environ['WORLD_SIZE'] = str(args.world_size) elif is_using_distributed(): if 'SLURM_PROCID' in os.environ: # DDP via SLURM args.local_rank, args.rank, args.world_size = world_info_from_env() # SLURM var -> torch.distributed vars in case needed os.environ['LOCAL_RANK'] = str(args.local_rank) os.environ['RANK'] = str(args.rank) os.environ['WORLD_SIZE'] = str(args.world_size) torch.distributed.init_process_group( backend=args.dist_backend, init_method=args.dist_url, world_size=args.world_size, rank=args.rank, ) else: # DDP via torchrun, torch.distributed.launch args.local_rank, _, _ = world_info_from_env() torch.distributed.init_process_group( backend=args.dist_backend, init_method=args.dist_url) args.world_size = torch.distributed.get_world_size() args.rank = torch.distributed.get_rank() args.distributed = True if torch.cuda.is_available(): if args.distributed and not args.no_set_device_rank: device = 'cuda:%d' % args.local_rank else: device = 'cuda:0' torch.cuda.set_device(device) else: device = 'cpu' args.device = device device = torch.device(device) return device def broadcast_object(args, obj, src=0): # broadcast a pickle-able python object from rank-0 to all ranks if args.horovod: return hvd.broadcast_object(obj, root_rank=src) else: if args.rank == src: objects = [obj] else: objects = [None] dist.broadcast_object_list(objects, src=src) return objects[0] def all_gather_object(args, obj, dst=0): # gather a pickle-able python object across all ranks if args.horovod: return hvd.allgather_object(obj) else: objects = [None for _ in range(args.world_size)] dist.all_gather_object(objects, obj) return objects ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/file_utils.py ================================================ import logging import os import multiprocessing import subprocess import time import fsspec import torch from tqdm import tqdm def remote_sync_s3(local_dir, remote_dir): # skip epoch_latest which can change during sync. result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "sync", local_dir, remote_dir, '--exclude', '*epoch_latest.pt'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) if result.returncode != 0: logging.error(f"Error: Failed to sync with S3 bucket {result.stderr.decode('utf-8')}") return False logging.info(f"Successfully synced with S3 bucket") return True def remote_sync_fsspec(local_dir, remote_dir): # FIXME currently this is slow and not recommended. Look into speeding up. a = fsspec.get_mapper(local_dir) b = fsspec.get_mapper(remote_dir) for k in a: # skip epoch_latest which can change during sync. if 'epoch_latest.pt' in k: continue logging.info(f'Attempting to sync {k}') if k in b and len(a[k]) == len(b[k]): logging.debug(f'Skipping remote sync for {k}.') continue try: logging.info(f'Successful sync for {k}.') b[k] = a[k] except Exception as e: logging.info(f'Error during remote sync for {k}: {e}') return False return True def remote_sync(local_dir, remote_dir, protocol): logging.info('Starting remote sync.') if protocol == 's3': return remote_sync_s3(local_dir, remote_dir) elif protocol == 'fsspec': return remote_sync_fsspec(local_dir, remote_dir) else: logging.error('Remote protocol not known') return False def keep_running_remote_sync(sync_every, local_dir, remote_dir, protocol): while True: time.sleep(sync_every) remote_sync(local_dir, remote_dir, protocol) def start_sync_process(sync_every, local_dir, remote_dir, protocol): p = multiprocessing.Process(target=keep_running_remote_sync, args=(sync_every, local_dir, remote_dir, protocol)) return p # Note: we are not currently using this save function. def pt_save(pt_obj, file_path): of = fsspec.open(file_path, "wb") with of as f: torch.save(pt_obj, file_path) def pt_load(file_path, map_location=None): if file_path.startswith('s3'): logging.info('Loading remote checkpoint, which may take a bit.') of = fsspec.open(file_path, "rb") with of as f: out = torch.load(f, map_location=map_location) return out def check_exists(file_path): try: with fsspec.open(file_path): pass except FileNotFoundError: return False return True ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/logger.py ================================================ import logging def setup_logging(log_file, level, include_host=False): if include_host: import socket hostname = socket.gethostname() formatter = logging.Formatter( f'%(asctime)s | {hostname} | %(levelname)s | %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d,%H:%M:%S') else: formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s | %(levelname)s | %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d,%H:%M:%S') logging.root.setLevel(level) loggers = [logging.getLogger(name) for name in logging.root.manager.loggerDict] for logger in loggers: logger.setLevel(level) stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler() stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter) logging.root.addHandler(stream_handler) if log_file: file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename=log_file) file_handler.setFormatter(formatter) logging.root.addHandler(file_handler) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/main.py ================================================ import glob import logging import os import re import subprocess import sys import random from datetime import datetime from functools import partial import numpy as np import torch from torch import optim from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler try: import wandb except ImportError: wandb = None try: import torch.utils.tensorboard as tensorboard except ImportError: tensorboard = None try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None from open_clip import create_model_and_transforms, trace_model, get_tokenizer, create_loss from training.data import get_data from training.distributed import is_master, init_distributed_device, broadcast_object from training.logger import setup_logging from training.params import parse_args from training.scheduler import cosine_lr, const_lr, const_lr_cooldown from training.train import train_one_epoch, evaluate from training.file_utils import pt_load, check_exists, start_sync_process, remote_sync import debugpy # 假设你使用的是环境变量 RANK 来标识每个进程 # rank = int(os.getenv('RANK', '0')) # port = 5678 + rank # 基础端口 + 进程ID # debugpy.listen(port) # print(f"Process {rank} waiting for debugger to attach on port {port}...") # debugpy.wait_for_client() LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME = "epoch_latest.pt" def random_seed(seed=42, rank=0): torch.manual_seed(seed + rank) np.random.seed(seed + rank) random.seed(seed + rank) def natural_key(string_): """See http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001018.html""" return [int(s) if s.isdigit() else s for s in re.split(r'(\d+)', string_.lower())] def get_latest_checkpoint(path: str, remote : bool): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) return checkpoints[-1] return None def main(args): args = parse_args(args) if torch.cuda.is_available(): # This enables tf32 on Ampere GPUs which is only 8% slower than # float16 and almost as accurate as float32 # This was a default in pytorch until 1.12 torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = False # fully initialize distributed device environment device = init_distributed_device(args) # get the name of the experiments if args.name is None: # sanitize model name for filesystem / uri use, easier if we don't use / in name as a rule? model_name_safe = args.model.replace('/', '-') date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S") if args.distributed: # sync date_str from master to all ranks date_str = broadcast_object(args, date_str) args.name = '-'.join([ date_str, f"model_{model_name_safe}", f"lr_{args.lr}", f"b_{args.batch_size}", f"j_{args.workers}", f"p_{args.precision}", ]) resume_latest = args.resume == 'latest' log_base_path = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name) args.log_path = None if is_master(args, local=args.log_local): os.makedirs(log_base_path, exist_ok=True) log_filename = f'out-{args.rank}' if args.log_local else 'out.log' args.log_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, log_filename) if os.path.exists(args.log_path) and not resume_latest: print( "Error. Experiment already exists. Use --name {} to specify a new experiment." ) return -1 # Setup text logger args.log_level = logging.DEBUG if args.debug else logging.INFO setup_logging(args.log_path, args.log_level) # Setup wandb, tensorboard, checkpoint logging args.wandb = 'wandb' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.tensorboard = 'tensorboard' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.checkpoint_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "checkpoints") if is_master(args): args.tensorboard_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "tensorboard") if args.tensorboard else '' for dirname in [args.tensorboard_path, args.checkpoint_path]: if dirname: os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True) else: args.tensorboard_path = '' if resume_latest: resume_from = None checkpoint_path = args.checkpoint_path # If using remote_sync, need to check the remote instead of the local checkpoints folder. if args.remote_sync is not None: checkpoint_path = os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name, "checkpoints") if args.save_most_recent: print('Error. Cannot use save-most-recent with remote_sync and resume latest.') return -1 if args.remote_sync_protocol != 's3': print('Error. Sync protocol not supported when using resume latest.') return -1 if is_master(args): # Checking for existing checkpoint via master rank only. It is possible for # different rank processes to see different files if a shared file-system is under # stress, however it's very difficult to fully work around such situations. if args.save_most_recent: # if --save-most-recent flag is set, look for latest at a fixed filename resume_from = os.path.join(checkpoint_path, LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME) if not os.path.exists(resume_from): # If no latest checkpoint has been saved yet, don't try to resume resume_from = None else: # otherwise, list checkpoint dir contents and pick the newest checkpoint resume_from = get_latest_checkpoint(checkpoint_path, remote=args.remote_sync is not None) if resume_from: logging.info(f'Found latest resume checkpoint at {resume_from}.') else: logging.info(f'No latest resume checkpoint found in {checkpoint_path}.') if args.distributed: # sync found checkpoint path to all ranks resume_from = broadcast_object(args, resume_from) args.resume = resume_from if args.copy_codebase: copy_codebase(args) # start the sync proces if remote-sync is not None remote_sync_process = None if is_master(args) and args.remote_sync is not None: # first make sure it works result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Error: remote sync failed. Exiting.') return -1 # if all looks good, start a process to do this every args.remote_sync_frequency seconds remote_sync_process = start_sync_process( args.remote_sync_frequency, os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) remote_sync_process.start() if args.precision == 'fp16': logging.warning( 'It is recommended to use AMP mixed-precision instead of FP16. ' 'FP16 support needs further verification and tuning, especially for train.') if args.horovod: logging.info( f'Running in horovod mode with multiple processes / nodes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') elif args.distributed: logging.info( f'Running in distributed mode with multiple processes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') else: logging.info(f'Running with a single process. Device {args.device}.') dist_model = None args.distill = args.distill_model is not None and args.distill_pretrained is not None if args.distill: #FIXME: support distillation with grad accum. assert args.accum_freq == 1 #FIXME: support distillation with coca. assert 'coca' not in args.model.lower() if isinstance(args.force_image_size, (tuple, list)) and len(args.force_image_size) == 1: # arg is nargs, single (square) image size list -> int args.force_image_size = args.force_image_size[0] random_seed(args.seed, 0) model_kwargs = {} if args.siglip: model_kwargs['init_logit_scale'] = np.log(10) # different from CLIP model_kwargs['init_logit_bias'] = -10 model, preprocess_train, preprocess_val = create_model_and_transforms( args.model, args.pretrained, precision=args.precision, device=device, jit=args.torchscript, force_quick_gelu=args.force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=args.force_custom_text, force_patch_dropout=args.force_patch_dropout, force_image_size=args.force_image_size, image_mean=args.image_mean, image_std=args.image_std, image_interpolation=args.image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=args.image_resize_mode, # only effective for inference aug_cfg=args.aug_cfg, pretrained_image=args.pretrained_image, output_dict=True, **model_kwargs, ) # for name, param in model.named_parameters():#TODO model trainable weights # param.requires_grad = False # # 检查参数名称，决定是否为顶层参数 # # 这里假设顶层为文本编码器的第11层和图像编码器的第10层和第11层 # # if "text.transformer.encoder.layer.11" in name or \ # # "text.proj" in name or \ # # "visual.trunk.blocks.11" in name or \ # # "visual.trunk.norm" in name or \ # # "visual.head.proj" in name: # # param.requires_grad = True # if "text.proj" in name or \ # "visual.trunk.norm" in name or \ # "visual.head.proj" in name: # param.requires_grad = True for name, param in model.named_parameters(): print(f"{name}: trainable={param.requires_grad}") if args.distill: # FIXME: currently assumes the model you're distilling from has the same tokenizer & transforms. dist_model, _, _ = create_model_and_transforms( args.distill_model, args.distill_pretrained, device=device, precision=args.precision, output_dict=True, ) if args.use_bnb_linear is not None: print('=> using a layer from bitsandbytes.\n' ' this is an experimental feature which requires two extra pip installs\n' ' pip install bitsandbytes triton' ' please make sure to use triton 2.0.0') import bitsandbytes as bnb from open_clip.utils import replace_linear print(f'=> replacing linear layers with {args.use_bnb_linear}') linear_replacement_cls = getattr(bnb.nn.triton_based_modules, args.use_bnb_linear) replace_linear(model, linear_replacement_cls) model = model.to(device) random_seed(args.seed, args.rank) if args.trace: model = trace_model(model, batch_size=args.batch_size, device=device) if args.lock_image: # lock image tower as per LiT - https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07991 model.lock_image_tower( unlocked_groups=args.lock_image_unlocked_groups, freeze_bn_stats=args.lock_image_freeze_bn_stats) if args.lock_text: model.lock_text_tower( unlocked_layers=args.lock_text_unlocked_layers, freeze_layer_norm=args.lock_text_freeze_layer_norm) if args.grad_checkpointing: model.set_grad_checkpointing() if is_master(args): logging.info("Model:") logging.info(f"{str(model)}") logging.info("Params:") params_file = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name, "params.txt") with open(params_file, "w") as f: for name in sorted(vars(args)): val = getattr(args, name) logging.info(f" {name}: {val}") f.write(f"{name}: {val}\n") if args.distributed and not args.horovod: if args.use_bn_sync: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model) ddp_args = {} if args.ddp_static_graph: # this doesn't exist in older PyTorch, arg only added if enabled ddp_args['static_graph'] = True model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[device], **ddp_args) if args.distill: dist_model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(dist_model, device_ids=[device], **ddp_args) # create optimizer and scaler optimizer = None scaler = None if args.train_data or args.dataset_type == "synthetic": assert not args.trace, 'Cannot train with traced model' exclude = lambda n, p: p.ndim < 2 or "bn" in n or "ln" in n or "bias" in n or 'logit_scale' in n include = lambda n, p: not exclude(n, p) named_parameters = list(model.named_parameters()) gain_or_bias_params = [p for n, p in named_parameters if exclude(n, p) and p.requires_grad] rest_params = [p for n, p in named_parameters if include(n, p) and p.requires_grad] optimizer = optim.AdamW( [ {"params": gain_or_bias_params, "weight_decay": 0.}, {"params": rest_params, "weight_decay": args.wd}, ], lr=args.lr, betas=(args.beta1, args.beta2), eps=args.eps, ) if args.horovod: optimizer = hvd.DistributedOptimizer(optimizer, named_parameters=model.named_parameters()) hvd.broadcast_parameters(model.state_dict(), root_rank=0) hvd.broadcast_optimizer_state(optimizer, root_rank=0) scaler = GradScaler() if args.precision == "amp" else None # optionally resume from a checkpoint start_epoch = 0 if args.resume is not None: checkpoint = pt_load(args.resume, map_location='cpu') if 'epoch' in checkpoint: # resuming a train checkpoint w/ epoch and optimizer state start_epoch = checkpoint["epoch"] sd = checkpoint["state_dict"] if not args.distributed and next(iter(sd.items()))[0].startswith('module'): sd = {k[len('module.'):]: v for k, v in sd.items()} model.load_state_dict(sd) if optimizer is not None: optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint["optimizer"]) if scaler is not None and 'scaler' in checkpoint: scaler.load_state_dict(checkpoint['scaler']) logging.info(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") else: # loading a bare (model only) checkpoint for fine-tune or evaluation model.load_state_dict(checkpoint) logging.info(f"=> loaded checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # initialize datasets tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) data = get_data( args, (preprocess_train, preprocess_val), epoch=start_epoch, tokenizer=tokenizer, ) assert len(data), 'At least one train or eval dataset must be specified.' # create scheduler if train scheduler = None if 'train' in data and optimizer is not None: total_steps = (data["train"].dataloader.num_batches // args.accum_freq) * args.epochs if args.lr_scheduler == "cosine": scheduler = cosine_lr(optimizer, args.lr, args.warmup, total_steps) elif args.lr_scheduler == "const": scheduler = const_lr(optimizer, args.lr, args.warmup, total_steps) elif args.lr_scheduler == "const-cooldown": assert args.epochs_cooldown is not None,\ "Please specify the number of cooldown epochs for this lr schedule." cooldown_steps = (data["train"].dataloader.num_batches // args.accum_freq) * args.epochs_cooldown scheduler = const_lr_cooldown( optimizer, args.lr, args.warmup, total_steps, cooldown_steps, args.lr_cooldown_power, args.lr_cooldown_end) else: logging.error( f'Unknown scheduler, {args.lr_scheduler}. Available options are: cosine, const, const-cooldown.') exit(1) # determine if this worker should save logs and checkpoints. only do so if it is rank == 0 args.save_logs = args.logs and args.logs.lower() != 'none' and is_master(args) writer = None if args.save_logs and args.tensorboard: assert tensorboard is not None, "Please install tensorboard." writer = tensorboard.SummaryWriter(args.tensorboard_path) if args.wandb and is_master(args): assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' logging.debug('Starting wandb.') args.train_sz = data["train"].dataloader.num_samples if args.val_data is not None: args.val_sz = data["val"].dataloader.num_samples # you will have to configure this for your project! wandb.init( project=args.wandb_project_name, name=args.name, id=args.name, notes=args.wandb_notes, tags=[], resume='auto' if args.resume == "latest" else None, config=vars(args), ) if args.debug: wandb.watch(model, log='all') wandb.save(params_file) logging.debug('Finished loading wandb.') # Pytorch 2.0 adds '_orig_mod.' prefix to keys of state_dict() of compiled models. # For compatibility, we save state_dict() of the original model, which shares the # weights without the prefix. original_model = model if args.torchcompile: logging.info('Compiling model...') model = torch.compile(original_model) if 'train' not in data: # If using int8, convert to inference mode. if args.use_bnb_linear is not None: from open_clip.utils import convert_int8_model_to_inference_mode convert_int8_model_to_inference_mode(model) # Evaluate. evaluate(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) return loss = create_loss(args) for epoch in range(start_epoch, args.epochs): if is_master(args): logging.info(f'Start epoch {epoch}') train_one_epoch(model, data, loss, epoch, optimizer, scaler, scheduler, dist_model, args, tb_writer=writer) completed_epoch = epoch + 1 if any(v in data for v in ('val', 'imagenet-val', 'imagenet-v2')): evaluate(model, data, completed_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) # Saving checkpoints. if args.save_logs and epoch%10==9: checkpoint_dict = { "epoch": completed_epoch, "name": args.name, "state_dict": original_model.state_dict(), "optimizer": optimizer.state_dict(), } if scaler is not None: checkpoint_dict["scaler"] = scaler.state_dict() if completed_epoch == args.epochs or ( args.save_frequency > 0 and (completed_epoch % args.save_frequency) == 0 ): torch.save( checkpoint_dict, os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, f"epoch_{completed_epoch}.pt"), ) if args.delete_previous_checkpoint: previous_checkpoint = os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, f"epoch_{completed_epoch - 1}.pt") if os.path.exists(previous_checkpoint): os.remove(previous_checkpoint) if args.save_most_recent: # try not to corrupt the latest checkpoint if save fails tmp_save_path = os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, "tmp.pt") latest_save_path = os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME) torch.save(checkpoint_dict, tmp_save_path) os.replace(tmp_save_path, latest_save_path) if args.wandb and is_master(args): wandb.finish() # run a final sync. if remote_sync_process is not None: logging.info('Final remote sync.') remote_sync_process.terminate() result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('Final remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Final remote sync failed.') def copy_codebase(args): from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns new_code_path = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name, "code") if os.path.exists(new_code_path): print( f"Error. Experiment already exists at {new_code_path}. Use --name to specify a new experiment." ) return -1 print(f"Copying codebase to {new_code_path}") current_code_path = os.path.realpath(__file__) for _ in range(3): current_code_path = os.path.dirname(current_code_path) copytree(current_code_path, new_code_path, ignore=ignore_patterns('log', 'logs', 'wandb')) print("Done copying code.") return 1 if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1:]) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/main_feature-work.py ================================================ import glob import logging import os import re import subprocess import sys import random from datetime import datetime from functools import partial import numpy as np import torch from torch import optim from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler try: import wandb except ImportError: wandb = None try: import torch.utils.tensorboard as tensorboard except ImportError: tensorboard = None try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None from open_clip import create_model_and_transforms, trace_model, get_tokenizer, create_loss from training.data import get_data from training.distributed import is_master, init_distributed_device, broadcast_object from training.logger import setup_logging from training.params import parse_args from training.scheduler import cosine_lr, const_lr, const_lr_cooldown from training.train import train_one_epoch, evaluate,retrieve_report from training.file_utils import pt_load, check_exists, start_sync_process, remote_sync from .zero_shot import zero_shot_retrieve import debugpy # 假设你使用的是环境变量 RANK 来标识每个进程 # rank = int(os.getenv('RANK', '0')) # port = 5678 + rank # 基础端口 + 进程ID # debugpy.listen(port) # print(f"Process {rank} waiting for debugger to attach on port {port}...") # debugpy.wait_for_client() LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME = "epoch_latest.pt" def random_seed(seed=42, rank=0): torch.manual_seed(seed + rank) np.random.seed(seed + rank) random.seed(seed + rank) def natural_key(string_): """See http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001018.html""" return [int(s) if s.isdigit() else s for s in re.split(r'(\d+)', string_.lower())] def get_latest_checkpoint(path: str, remote : bool): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) return checkpoints[-1] return None def get_checkpoint_from_id(path: str, remote : bool,checkpoint_id:int): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: # checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) checkpoint_file = f"{checkpoint_id}.pt" for checkpoint in checkpoints: if checkpoint_file in checkpoint: return checkpoint #查看id.pt是否存在，如果存在，就返回其路径 # return checkpoints[-1] return None def main(args): args = parse_args(args) if torch.cuda.is_available(): # This enables tf32 on Ampere GPUs which is only 8% slower than # float16 and almost as accurate as float32 # This was a default in pytorch until 1.12 torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = False # fully initialize distributed device environment device = init_distributed_device(args) # get the name of the experiments if args.name is None: # sanitize model name for filesystem / uri use, easier if we don't use / in name as a rule? model_name_safe = args.model.replace('/', '-') date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S") if args.distributed: # sync date_str from master to all ranks date_str = broadcast_object(args, date_str) args.name = '-'.join([ date_str, f"model_{model_name_safe}", f"lr_{args.lr}", f"b_{args.batch_size}", f"j_{args.workers}", f"p_{args.precision}", ]) resume_latest = args.resume == 'latest' log_base_path = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name) args.log_path = None if is_master(args, local=args.log_local): os.makedirs(log_base_path, exist_ok=True) log_filename = f'out-{args.rank}' if args.log_local else 'out.log' args.log_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, log_filename) if os.path.exists(args.log_path) and not resume_latest: print( "Error. Experiment already exists. Use --name {} to specify a new experiment." ) return -1 # Setup text logger args.log_level = logging.DEBUG if args.debug else logging.INFO setup_logging(args.log_path, args.log_level) # Setup wandb, tensorboard, checkpoint logging args.wandb = 'wandb' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.tensorboard = 'tensorboard' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.checkpoint_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "checkpoints") if is_master(args): args.tensorboard_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "tensorboard") if args.tensorboard else '' for dirname in [args.tensorboard_path, args.checkpoint_path]: if dirname: os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True) else: args.tensorboard_path = '' if resume_latest: resume_from = None checkpoint_path = args.checkpoint_path # If using remote_sync, need to check the remote instead of the local checkpoints folder. if args.remote_sync is not None: checkpoint_path = os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name, "checkpoints") if args.save_most_recent: print('Error. Cannot use save-most-recent with remote_sync and resume latest.') return -1 if args.remote_sync_protocol != 's3': print('Error. Sync protocol not supported when using resume latest.') return -1 if is_master(args): # Checking for existing checkpoint via master rank only. It is possible for # different rank processes to see different files if a shared file-system is under # stress, however it's very difficult to fully work around such situations. if args.save_most_recent: # if --save-most-recent flag is set, look for latest at a fixed filename resume_from = os.path.join(checkpoint_path, LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME) if not os.path.exists(resume_from): # If no latest checkpoint has been saved yet, don't try to resume resume_from = None else: # otherwise, list checkpoint dir contents and pick the newest checkpoint if args.resume_id is None: resume_from = get_latest_checkpoint(checkpoint_path, remote=args.remote_sync is not None) else: resume_from = get_checkpoint_from_id(checkpoint_path, remote=False,checkpoint_id=args.resume_id) if resume_from: logging.info(f'Found latest resume checkpoint at {resume_from}.') else: logging.info(f'No latest resume checkpoint found in {checkpoint_path}.') if args.distributed: # sync found checkpoint path to all ranks resume_from = broadcast_object(args, resume_from) args.resume = resume_from # start the sync proces if remote-sync is not None remote_sync_process = None if is_master(args) and args.remote_sync is not None: # first make sure it works result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Error: remote sync failed. Exiting.') return -1 # if all looks good, start a process to do this every args.remote_sync_frequency seconds remote_sync_process = start_sync_process( args.remote_sync_frequency, os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) remote_sync_process.start() if args.precision == 'fp16': logging.warning( 'It is recommended to use AMP mixed-precision instead of FP16. ' 'FP16 support needs further verification and tuning, especially for train.') if args.horovod: logging.info( f'Running in horovod mode with multiple processes / nodes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') elif args.distributed: logging.info( f'Running in distributed mode with multiple processes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') else: logging.info(f'Running with a single process. Device {args.device}.') if isinstance(args.force_image_size, (tuple, list)) and len(args.force_image_size) == 1: # arg is nargs, single (square) image size list -> int args.force_image_size = args.force_image_size[0] random_seed(args.seed, 0) model_kwargs = {} if args.siglip: model_kwargs['init_logit_scale'] = np.log(10) # different from CLIP model_kwargs['init_logit_bias'] = -10 model, preprocess_train, preprocess_val = create_model_and_transforms( args.model, args.pretrained, precision=args.precision, device=device, jit=args.torchscript, force_quick_gelu=args.force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=args.force_custom_text, force_patch_dropout=args.force_patch_dropout, force_image_size=args.force_image_size, image_mean=args.image_mean, image_std=args.image_std, image_interpolation=args.image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=args.image_resize_mode, # only effective for inference aug_cfg=args.aug_cfg, pretrained_image=args.pretrained_image, output_dict=True, **model_kwargs, ) for name, param in model.named_parameters(): param.requires_grad = False random_seed(args.seed, args.rank) if is_master(args): logging.info("Model:") logging.info(f"{str(model)}") logging.info("Params:") params_file = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name, "params.txt") with open(params_file, "w") as f: for name in sorted(vars(args)): val = getattr(args, name) logging.info(f" {name}: {val}") f.write(f"{name}: {val}\n") if args.distributed and not args.horovod: if args.use_bn_sync: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model) ddp_args = {} if args.ddp_static_graph: # this doesn't exist in older PyTorch, arg only added if enabled ddp_args['static_graph'] = True model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[device], **ddp_args) # optionally resume from a checkpoint start_epoch = 0 if args.resume is not None: checkpoint = pt_load(args.resume, map_location='cpu') if 'epoch' in checkpoint: start_epoch = checkpoint["epoch"] sd = checkpoint["state_dict"] if not args.distributed and next(iter(sd.items()))[0].startswith('module'): sd = {k[len('module.'):]: v for k, v in sd.items()} model.load_state_dict(sd) logging.info(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # print(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") print(f"\033[91m=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})\033[0m") else: # loading a bare (model only) checkpoint for fine-tune or evaluation model.load_state_dict(checkpoint) logging.info(f"=> loaded checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # initialize datasets tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) data = get_data( args, (preprocess_train, preprocess_val), epoch=start_epoch, tokenizer=tokenizer, no_shuffle=True, load_include_path=True ) assert len(data), 'At least one train or eval dataset must be specified.' # determine if this worker should save logs and checkpoints. only do so if it is rank == 0 args.save_logs = args.logs and args.logs.lower() != 'none' and is_master(args) writer = None if args.save_logs and args.tensorboard: assert tensorboard is not None, "Please install tensorboard." writer = tensorboard.SummaryWriter(args.tensorboard_path) if args.wandb and is_master(args): assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' logging.debug('Starting wandb.') args.train_sz = data["train"].dataloader.num_samples if args.val_data is not None: args.val_sz = data["val"].dataloader.num_samples # you will have to configure this for your project! wandb.init( project=args.wandb_project_name, name=args.name, id=args.name, notes=args.wandb_notes, tags=[], resume='auto' if args.resume == "latest" else None, config=vars(args), ) if args.debug: wandb.watch(model, log='all') wandb.save(params_file) logging.debug('Finished loading wandb.') # Pytorch 2.0 adds '_orig_mod.' prefix to keys of state_dict() of compiled models. # For compatibility, we save state_dict() of the original model, which shares the # weights without the prefix. original_model = model if args.torchcompile: logging.info('Compiling model...') model = torch.compile(original_model) # if 'train' not in data: # # Evaluate. # evaluate(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) retrieve_report(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) # results=zero_shot_retrieve(model, data, start_epoch, args,tokenizer=tokenizer) # return if args.wandb and is_master(args): wandb.finish() # run a final sync. if remote_sync_process is not None: logging.info('Final remote sync.') remote_sync_process.terminate() result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('Final remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Final remote sync failed.') if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1:]) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/main_retrieve_report.py ================================================ import glob import logging import os import re import subprocess import sys import random from datetime import datetime from functools import partial import numpy as np import torch from torch import optim from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler try: import wandb except ImportError: wandb = None try: import torch.utils.tensorboard as tensorboard except ImportError: tensorboard = None try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None from open_clip import create_model_and_transforms, trace_model, get_tokenizer, create_loss from training.data import get_data from training.distributed import is_master, init_distributed_device, broadcast_object from training.logger import setup_logging from training.params import parse_args from training.scheduler import cosine_lr, const_lr, const_lr_cooldown from training.train import train_one_epoch, evaluate,retrieve_report from training.file_utils import pt_load, check_exists, start_sync_process, remote_sync from .zero_shot import zero_shot_retrieve import debugpy # 假设你使用的是环境变量 RANK 来标识每个进程 # rank = int(os.getenv('RANK', '0')) # port = 5678 + rank # 基础端口 + 进程ID # debugpy.listen(port) # print(f"Process {rank} waiting for debugger to attach on port {port}...") # debugpy.wait_for_client() LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME = "epoch_latest.pt" def random_seed(seed=42, rank=0): torch.manual_seed(seed + rank) np.random.seed(seed + rank) random.seed(seed + rank) def natural_key(string_): """See http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001018.html""" return [int(s) if s.isdigit() else s for s in re.split(r'(\d+)', string_.lower())] def get_latest_checkpoint(path: str, remote : bool): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) return checkpoints[-1] return None def get_checkpoint_from_id(path: str, remote : bool,checkpoint_id:int): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: # checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) checkpoint_file = f"{checkpoint_id}.pt" for checkpoint in checkpoints: if checkpoint_file in checkpoint: return checkpoint #查看id.pt是否存在，如果存在，就返回其路径 # return checkpoints[-1] return None def main(args): args = parse_args(args) if torch.cuda.is_available(): # This enables tf32 on Ampere GPUs which is only 8% slower than # float16 and almost as accurate as float32 # This was a default in pytorch until 1.12 torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = False # fully initialize distributed device environment device = init_distributed_device(args) # get the name of the experiments if args.name is None: # sanitize model name for filesystem / uri use, easier if we don't use / in name as a rule? model_name_safe = args.model.replace('/', '-') date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S") if args.distributed: # sync date_str from master to all ranks date_str = broadcast_object(args, date_str) args.name = '-'.join([ date_str, f"model_{model_name_safe}", f"lr_{args.lr}", f"b_{args.batch_size}", f"j_{args.workers}", f"p_{args.precision}", ]) resume_latest = args.resume == 'latest' log_base_path = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name) args.log_path = None if is_master(args, local=args.log_local): os.makedirs(log_base_path, exist_ok=True) log_filename = f'out-{args.rank}' if args.log_local else 'out.log' args.log_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, log_filename) if os.path.exists(args.log_path) and not resume_latest: print( "Error. Experiment already exists. Use --name {} to specify a new experiment." ) return -1 # Setup text logger args.log_level = logging.DEBUG if args.debug else logging.INFO setup_logging(args.log_path, args.log_level) # Setup wandb, tensorboard, checkpoint logging args.wandb = 'wandb' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.tensorboard = 'tensorboard' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.checkpoint_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "checkpoints") if is_master(args): args.tensorboard_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "tensorboard") if args.tensorboard else '' for dirname in [args.tensorboard_path, args.checkpoint_path]: if dirname: os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True) else: args.tensorboard_path = '' if resume_latest: resume_from = None checkpoint_path = args.checkpoint_path # If using remote_sync, need to check the remote instead of the local checkpoints folder. if args.remote_sync is not None: checkpoint_path = os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name, "checkpoints") if args.save_most_recent: print('Error. Cannot use save-most-recent with remote_sync and resume latest.') return -1 if args.remote_sync_protocol != 's3': print('Error. Sync protocol not supported when using resume latest.') return -1 if is_master(args): # Checking for existing checkpoint via master rank only. It is possible for # different rank processes to see different files if a shared file-system is under # stress, however it's very difficult to fully work around such situations. if args.save_most_recent: # if --save-most-recent flag is set, look for latest at a fixed filename resume_from = os.path.join(checkpoint_path, LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME) if not os.path.exists(resume_from): # If no latest checkpoint has been saved yet, don't try to resume resume_from = None else: # otherwise, list checkpoint dir contents and pick the newest checkpoint if args.resume_id is None: resume_from = get_latest_checkpoint(checkpoint_path, remote=args.remote_sync is not None) else: resume_from = get_checkpoint_from_id(checkpoint_path, remote=False,checkpoint_id=args.resume_id) if resume_from: logging.info(f'Found latest resume checkpoint at {resume_from}.') else: logging.info(f'No latest resume checkpoint found in {checkpoint_path}.') if args.distributed: # sync found checkpoint path to all ranks resume_from = broadcast_object(args, resume_from) args.resume = resume_from # start the sync proces if remote-sync is not None remote_sync_process = None if is_master(args) and args.remote_sync is not None: # first make sure it works result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Error: remote sync failed. Exiting.') return -1 # if all looks good, start a process to do this every args.remote_sync_frequency seconds remote_sync_process = start_sync_process( args.remote_sync_frequency, os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) remote_sync_process.start() if args.precision == 'fp16': logging.warning( 'It is recommended to use AMP mixed-precision instead of FP16. ' 'FP16 support needs further verification and tuning, especially for train.') if args.horovod: logging.info( f'Running in horovod mode with multiple processes / nodes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') elif args.distributed: logging.info( f'Running in distributed mode with multiple processes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') else: logging.info(f'Running with a single process. Device {args.device}.') if isinstance(args.force_image_size, (tuple, list)) and len(args.force_image_size) == 1: # arg is nargs, single (square) image size list -> int args.force_image_size = args.force_image_size[0] random_seed(args.seed, 0) model_kwargs = {} if args.siglip: model_kwargs['init_logit_scale'] = np.log(10) # different from CLIP model_kwargs['init_logit_bias'] = -10 model, preprocess_train, preprocess_val = create_model_and_transforms( args.model, args.pretrained, precision=args.precision, device=device, jit=args.torchscript, force_quick_gelu=args.force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=args.force_custom_text, force_patch_dropout=args.force_patch_dropout, force_image_size=args.force_image_size, image_mean=args.image_mean, image_std=args.image_std, image_interpolation=args.image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=args.image_resize_mode, # only effective for inference aug_cfg=args.aug_cfg, pretrained_image=args.pretrained_image, output_dict=True, **model_kwargs, ) for name, param in model.named_parameters(): param.requires_grad = False random_seed(args.seed, args.rank) if is_master(args): logging.info("Model:") logging.info(f"{str(model)}") logging.info("Params:") params_file = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name, "params.txt") with open(params_file, "w") as f: for name in sorted(vars(args)): val = getattr(args, name) logging.info(f" {name}: {val}") f.write(f"{name}: {val}\n") if args.distributed and not args.horovod: if args.use_bn_sync: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model) ddp_args = {} if args.ddp_static_graph: # this doesn't exist in older PyTorch, arg only added if enabled ddp_args['static_graph'] = True model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[device], **ddp_args) # optionally resume from a checkpoint start_epoch = 0 if args.resume is not None: checkpoint = pt_load(args.resume, map_location='cpu') if 'epoch' in checkpoint: start_epoch = checkpoint["epoch"] sd = checkpoint["state_dict"] if not args.distributed and next(iter(sd.items()))[0].startswith('module'): sd = {k[len('module.'):]: v for k, v in sd.items()} model.load_state_dict(sd) logging.info(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # print(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") print(f"\033[91m=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})\033[0m") else: # loading a bare (model only) checkpoint for fine-tune or evaluation model.load_state_dict(checkpoint) logging.info(f"=> loaded checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # initialize datasets tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) data = get_data( args, (preprocess_train, preprocess_val), epoch=start_epoch, tokenizer=tokenizer, no_shuffle=True, load_include_path=True ) assert len(data), 'At least one train or eval dataset must be specified.' # determine if this worker should save logs and checkpoints. only do so if it is rank == 0 args.save_logs = args.logs and args.logs.lower() != 'none' and is_master(args) writer = None if args.save_logs and args.tensorboard: assert tensorboard is not None, "Please install tensorboard." writer = tensorboard.SummaryWriter(args.tensorboard_path) if args.wandb and is_master(args): assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' logging.debug('Starting wandb.') args.train_sz = data["train"].dataloader.num_samples if args.val_data is not None: args.val_sz = data["val"].dataloader.num_samples # you will have to configure this for your project! wandb.init( project=args.wandb_project_name, name=args.name, id=args.name, notes=args.wandb_notes, tags=[], resume='auto' if args.resume == "latest" else None, config=vars(args), ) if args.debug: wandb.watch(model, log='all') wandb.save(params_file) logging.debug('Finished loading wandb.') # Pytorch 2.0 adds '_orig_mod.' prefix to keys of state_dict() of compiled models. # For compatibility, we save state_dict() of the original model, which shares the # weights without the prefix. original_model = model if args.torchcompile: logging.info('Compiling model...') model = torch.compile(original_model) # if 'train' not in data: # # Evaluate. # evaluate(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) retrieve_report(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) # results=zero_shot_retrieve(model, data, start_epoch, args,tokenizer=tokenizer) # return if args.wandb and is_master(args): wandb.finish() # run a final sync. if remote_sync_process is not None: logging.info('Final remote sync.') remote_sync_process.terminate() result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('Final remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Final remote sync failed.') if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1:]) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/main_retrieve_report_harvard.py ================================================ import glob import logging import os import re import subprocess import sys import random from datetime import datetime from functools import partial import numpy as np import torch from torch import optim from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler try: import wandb except ImportError: wandb = None try: import torch.utils.tensorboard as tensorboard except ImportError: tensorboard = None try: import horovod.torch as hvd except ImportError: hvd = None from open_clip import create_model_and_transforms, trace_model, get_tokenizer, create_loss from training.data import get_data from training.distributed import is_master, init_distributed_device, broadcast_object from training.logger import setup_logging from training.params import parse_args from training.scheduler import cosine_lr, const_lr, const_lr_cooldown from training.train import train_one_epoch, evaluate,retrieve_report from training.file_utils import pt_load, check_exists, start_sync_process, remote_sync from .zero_shot import zero_shot_retrieve import debugpy # 假设你使用的是环境变量 RANK 来标识每个进程 # rank = int(os.getenv('RANK', '0')) # port = 5678 + rank # 基础端口 + 进程ID # debugpy.listen(port) # print(f"Process {rank} waiting for debugger to attach on port {port}...") # debugpy.wait_for_client() LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME = "epoch_latest.pt" def random_seed(seed=42, rank=0): torch.manual_seed(seed + rank) np.random.seed(seed + rank) random.seed(seed + rank) def natural_key(string_): """See http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001018.html""" return [int(s) if s.isdigit() else s for s in re.split(r'(\d+)', string_.lower())] def get_latest_checkpoint(path: str, remote : bool): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) return checkpoints[-1] return None def get_checkpoint_from_id(path: str, remote : bool,checkpoint_id:int): # as writen, this glob recurses, so can pick up checkpoints across multiple sub-folders if remote: result = subprocess.run(["aws", "s3", "ls", path + "/"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(result) if result.returncode == 1: return None checkpoints = [os.path.join(path, x.split(' ')[-1]) for x in result.stdout.decode().split('\n')[:-1]] else: checkpoints = glob.glob(path + '**/*.pt', recursive=True) if checkpoints: # checkpoints = sorted(checkpoints, key=natural_key) checkpoint_file = f"{checkpoint_id}.pt" for checkpoint in checkpoints: if checkpoint_file in checkpoint: return checkpoint #查看id.pt是否存在，如果存在，就返回其路径 # return checkpoints[-1] return None def main(args): args = parse_args(args) if torch.cuda.is_available(): # This enables tf32 on Ampere GPUs which is only 8% slower than # float16 and almost as accurate as float32 # This was a default in pytorch until 1.12 torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = False # fully initialize distributed device environment device = init_distributed_device(args) # get the name of the experiments if args.name is None: # sanitize model name for filesystem / uri use, easier if we don't use / in name as a rule? model_name_safe = args.model.replace('/', '-') date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S") if args.distributed: # sync date_str from master to all ranks date_str = broadcast_object(args, date_str) args.name = '-'.join([ date_str, f"model_{model_name_safe}", f"lr_{args.lr}", f"b_{args.batch_size}", f"j_{args.workers}", f"p_{args.precision}", ]) resume_latest = args.resume == 'latest' log_base_path = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name) args.log_path = None if is_master(args, local=args.log_local): os.makedirs(log_base_path, exist_ok=True) log_filename = f'out-{args.rank}' if args.log_local else 'out.log' args.log_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, log_filename) if os.path.exists(args.log_path) and not resume_latest: print( "Error. Experiment already exists. Use --name {} to specify a new experiment." ) return -1 # Setup text logger args.log_level = logging.DEBUG if args.debug else logging.INFO setup_logging(args.log_path, args.log_level) # Setup wandb, tensorboard, checkpoint logging args.wandb = 'wandb' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.tensorboard = 'tensorboard' in args.report_to or 'all' in args.report_to args.checkpoint_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "checkpoints") if is_master(args): args.tensorboard_path = os.path.join(log_base_path, "tensorboard") if args.tensorboard else '' for dirname in [args.tensorboard_path, args.checkpoint_path]: if dirname: os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True) else: args.tensorboard_path = '' if resume_latest: resume_from = None checkpoint_path = args.checkpoint_path # If using remote_sync, need to check the remote instead of the local checkpoints folder. if args.remote_sync is not None: checkpoint_path = os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name, "checkpoints") if args.save_most_recent: print('Error. Cannot use save-most-recent with remote_sync and resume latest.') return -1 if args.remote_sync_protocol != 's3': print('Error. Sync protocol not supported when using resume latest.') return -1 if is_master(args): # Checking for existing checkpoint via master rank only. It is possible for # different rank processes to see different files if a shared file-system is under # stress, however it's very difficult to fully work around such situations. if args.save_most_recent: # if --save-most-recent flag is set, look for latest at a fixed filename resume_from = os.path.join(checkpoint_path, LATEST_CHECKPOINT_NAME) if not os.path.exists(resume_from): # If no latest checkpoint has been saved yet, don't try to resume resume_from = None else: # otherwise, list checkpoint dir contents and pick the newest checkpoint if args.resume_id is None: resume_from = get_latest_checkpoint(checkpoint_path, remote=args.remote_sync is not None) else: resume_from = get_checkpoint_from_id(checkpoint_path, remote=False,checkpoint_id=args.resume_id) if resume_from: logging.info(f'Found latest resume checkpoint at {resume_from}.') else: logging.info(f'No latest resume checkpoint found in {checkpoint_path}.') if args.distributed: # sync found checkpoint path to all ranks resume_from = broadcast_object(args, resume_from) args.resume = resume_from # start the sync proces if remote-sync is not None remote_sync_process = None if is_master(args) and args.remote_sync is not None: # first make sure it works result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Error: remote sync failed. Exiting.') return -1 # if all looks good, start a process to do this every args.remote_sync_frequency seconds remote_sync_process = start_sync_process( args.remote_sync_frequency, os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) remote_sync_process.start() if args.precision == 'fp16': logging.warning( 'It is recommended to use AMP mixed-precision instead of FP16. ' 'FP16 support needs further verification and tuning, especially for train.') if args.horovod: logging.info( f'Running in horovod mode with multiple processes / nodes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') elif args.distributed: logging.info( f'Running in distributed mode with multiple processes. Device: {args.device}.' f'Process (global: {args.rank}, local {args.local_rank}), total {args.world_size}.') else: logging.info(f'Running with a single process. Device {args.device}.') if isinstance(args.force_image_size, (tuple, list)) and len(args.force_image_size) == 1: # arg is nargs, single (square) image size list -> int args.force_image_size = args.force_image_size[0] random_seed(args.seed, 0) model_kwargs = {} if args.siglip: model_kwargs['init_logit_scale'] = np.log(10) # different from CLIP model_kwargs['init_logit_bias'] = -10 model, preprocess_train, preprocess_val = create_model_and_transforms( args.model, args.pretrained, precision=args.precision, device=device, jit=args.torchscript, force_quick_gelu=args.force_quick_gelu, force_custom_text=args.force_custom_text, force_patch_dropout=args.force_patch_dropout, force_image_size=args.force_image_size, image_mean=args.image_mean, image_std=args.image_std, image_interpolation=args.image_interpolation, image_resize_mode=args.image_resize_mode, # only effective for inference aug_cfg=args.aug_cfg, pretrained_image=args.pretrained_image, output_dict=True, **model_kwargs, ) for name, param in model.named_parameters(): param.requires_grad = False random_seed(args.seed, args.rank) if is_master(args): logging.info("Model:") logging.info(f"{str(model)}") logging.info("Params:") params_file = os.path.join(args.logs, args.name, "params.txt") with open(params_file, "w") as f: for name in sorted(vars(args)): val = getattr(args, name) logging.info(f" {name}: {val}") f.write(f"{name}: {val}\n") if args.distributed and not args.horovod: if args.use_bn_sync: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model) ddp_args = {} if args.ddp_static_graph: # this doesn't exist in older PyTorch, arg only added if enabled ddp_args['static_graph'] = True model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[device], **ddp_args) # optionally resume from a checkpoint start_epoch = 0 if args.resume is not None: checkpoint = pt_load(args.resume, map_location='cpu') if 'epoch' in checkpoint: start_epoch = checkpoint["epoch"] sd = checkpoint["state_dict"] if not args.distributed and next(iter(sd.items()))[0].startswith('module'): sd = {k[len('module.'):]: v for k, v in sd.items()} model.load_state_dict(sd) logging.info(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # print(f"=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") print(f"\033[91m=> resuming checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})\033[0m") else: # loading a bare (model only) checkpoint for fine-tune or evaluation model.load_state_dict(checkpoint) logging.info(f"=> loaded checkpoint '{args.resume}' (epoch {start_epoch})") # initialize datasets tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) data = get_data( args, (preprocess_train, preprocess_val), epoch=start_epoch, tokenizer=tokenizer, no_shuffle=True, load_include_path=True ) assert len(data), 'At least one train or eval dataset must be specified.' # determine if this worker should save logs and checkpoints. only do so if it is rank == 0 args.save_logs = args.logs and args.logs.lower() != 'none' and is_master(args) writer = None if args.save_logs and args.tensorboard: assert tensorboard is not None, "Please install tensorboard." writer = tensorboard.SummaryWriter(args.tensorboard_path) if args.wandb and is_master(args): assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' logging.debug('Starting wandb.') args.train_sz = data["train"].dataloader.num_samples if args.val_data is not None: args.val_sz = data["val"].dataloader.num_samples # you will have to configure this for your project! wandb.init( project=args.wandb_project_name, name=args.name, id=args.name, notes=args.wandb_notes, tags=[], resume='auto' if args.resume == "latest" else None, config=vars(args), ) if args.debug: wandb.watch(model, log='all') wandb.save(params_file) logging.debug('Finished loading wandb.') # Pytorch 2.0 adds '_orig_mod.' prefix to keys of state_dict() of compiled models. # For compatibility, we save state_dict() of the original model, which shares the # weights without the prefix. original_model = model if args.torchcompile: logging.info('Compiling model...') model = torch.compile(original_model) # if 'train' not in data: # # Evaluate. # evaluate(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) retrieve_report(model, data, start_epoch, args, tb_writer=writer, tokenizer=tokenizer) # results=zero_shot_retrieve(model, data, start_epoch, args,tokenizer=tokenizer) # return if args.wandb and is_master(args): wandb.finish() # run a final sync. if remote_sync_process is not None: logging.info('Final remote sync.') remote_sync_process.terminate() result = remote_sync( os.path.join(args.logs, args.name), os.path.join(args.remote_sync, args.name), args.remote_sync_protocol ) if result: logging.info('Final remote sync successful.') else: logging.info('Final remote sync failed.') if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1:]) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/params.py ================================================ import argparse import ast def get_default_params(model_name): # Params from paper (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00020.pdf) model_name = model_name.lower() if "vit" in model_name: return {"lr": 5.0e-4, "beta1": 0.9, "beta2": 0.98, "eps": 1.0e-6} else: return {"lr": 5.0e-4, "beta1": 0.9, "beta2": 0.999, "eps": 1.0e-8} class ParseKwargs(argparse.Action): def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): kw = {} for value in values: key, value = value.split('=') try: kw[key] = ast.literal_eval(value) except ValueError: kw[key] = str(value) # fallback to string (avoid need to escape on command line) setattr(namespace, self.dest, kw) def parse_args(args): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument( "--train-data", type=str, default=None, help="Path to file(s) with training data. When using webdataset, multiple datasources can be combined using the `::` separator.", ) parser.add_argument( "--img_root", type=str, default='', help="Path to image root of IUXray dataset.", ) parser.add_argument( "--train-data-upsampling-factors", type=str, default=None, help=( "When using multiple data sources with webdataset and sampling with replacement, this can be used to upsample specific data sources. " "Similar to --train-data, this should be a string with as many numbers as there are data sources, separated by `::` (e.g. 1::2::0.5) " "By default, datapoints are sampled uniformly regardless of the dataset sizes." ) ) parser.add_argument( "--val-data", type=str, default=None, help="Path to file(s) with validation data", ) parser.add_argument( "--train-num-samples", type=int, default=None, help="Number of samples in dataset. Required for webdataset if not available in info file.", ) parser.add_argument( "--val-num-samples", type=int, default=None, help="Number of samples in dataset. Useful for webdataset if not available in info file.", ) parser.add_argument( "--dataset-type", choices=["webdataset", "csv", "synthetic", "auto","IUXray","Harvard","mimic","pmc_oa","quilt_1m","OpenPath","radiology","pathology"], default="auto", help="Which type of dataset to process." ) parser.add_argument( "--dataset-resampled", default=False, action="store_true", help="Whether to use sampling with replacement for webdataset shard selection." ) parser.add_argument( "--csv-separator", type=str, default="\t", help="For csv-like datasets, which separator to use." ) parser.add_argument( "--csv-img-key", type=str, default="filepath", help="For csv-like datasets, the name of the key for the image paths." ) parser.add_argument( "--csv-caption-key", type=str, default="title", help="For csv-like datasets, the name of the key for the captions." ) parser.add_argument( "--imagenet-val", type=str, default=None, help="Path to imagenet val set for conducting zero shot evaluation.", ) parser.add_argument( "--imagenet-v2", type=str, default=None, help="Path to imagenet v2 for conducting zero shot evaluation.", ) parser.add_argument( "--logs", type=str, default="./logs/", help="Where to store tensorboard logs. Use None to avoid storing logs.", ) parser.add_argument( "--log-local", action="store_true", default=False, help="log files on local master, otherwise global master only.", ) parser.add_argument( "--name", type=str, default=None, help="Optional identifier for the experiment when storing logs. Otherwise use current time.", ) parser.add_argument( "--workers", type=int, default=4, help="Number of dataloader workers per GPU." ) parser.add_argument( "--batch-size", type=int, default=64, help="Batch size per GPU." ) parser.add_argument( "--epochs", type=int, default=32, help="Number of epochs to train for." ) parser.add_argument( "--epochs-cooldown", type=int, default=None, help="When scheduler w/ cooldown used, perform cooldown from total_epochs - cooldown_epochs onwards." ) parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=None, help="Learning rate.") parser.add_argument("--beta1", type=float, default=None, help="Adam beta 1.") parser.add_argument("--beta2", type=float, default=None, help="Adam beta 2.") parser.add_argument("--eps", type=float, default=None, help="Adam epsilon.") parser.add_argument("--wd", type=float, default=0.2, help="Weight decay.") parser.add_argument( "--warmup", type=int, default=10000, help="Number of steps to warmup for." ) parser.add_argument( "--use-bn-sync", default=False, action="store_true", help="Whether to use batch norm sync.") parser.add_argument( "--skip-scheduler", action="store_true", default=False, help="Use this flag to skip the learning rate decay.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lr-scheduler", type=str, default='cosine', help="LR scheduler. One of: 'cosine', 'const' (constant), 'const-cooldown' (constant w/ cooldown). Default: cosine", ) parser.add_argument( "--lr-cooldown-end", type=float, default=0.0, help="End learning rate for cooldown schedule. Default: 0" ) parser.add_argument( "--lr-cooldown-power", type=float, default=1.0, help="Power for polynomial cooldown schedule. Default: 1.0 (linear decay)" ) parser.add_argument( "--save-frequency", type=int, default=1, help="How often to save checkpoints." ) parser.add_argument( "--save-most-recent", action="store_true", default=False, help="Always save the most recent model trained to epoch_latest.pt.", ) parser.add_argument( "--zeroshot-frequency", type=int, default=2, help="How often to run zero shot." ) parser.add_argument( "--val-frequency", type=int, default=1, help="How often to run evaluation with val data." ) parser.add_argument( "--resume", default=None, type=str, help="path to latest checkpoint (default: none)", ) parser.add_argument( "--resume_id", default=None, type=int, help="path to refered checkpoint", ) parser.add_argument( "--precision", choices=["amp", "amp_bf16", "amp_bfloat16", "bf16", "fp16", "pure_bf16", "pure_fp16", "fp32"], default="amp", help="Floating point precision." ) parser.add_argument( "--model", type=str, default="RN50", help="Name of the vision backbone to use.", ) parser.add_argument( "--pretrained", default='', type=str, help="Use a pretrained CLIP model weights with the specified tag or file path.", ) parser.add_argument( "--pretrained-image", default=False, action='store_true', help="Load imagenet pretrained weights for image tower backbone if available.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-image", default=False, action='store_true', help="Lock full image tower by disabling gradients.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-image-unlocked-groups", type=int, default=0, help="Leave last n image tower layer groups unlocked.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-image-freeze-bn-stats", default=False, action='store_true', help="Freeze BatchNorm running stats in image tower for any locked layers.", ) parser.add_argument( '--image-mean', type=float, nargs='+', default=None, metavar='MEAN', help='Override default image mean value of dataset') parser.add_argument( '--image-std', type=float, nargs='+', default=None, metavar='STD', help='Override default image std deviation of of dataset') parser.add_argument( '--image-interpolation', default=None, type=str, choices=['bicubic', 'bilinear', 'random'], help="Override default image resize interpolation" ) parser.add_argument( '--image-resize-mode', default=None, type=str, choices=['shortest', 'longest', 'squash'], help="Override default image resize (& crop) mode during inference" ) parser.add_argument('--aug-cfg', nargs='*', default={}, action=ParseKwargs) parser.add_argument( "--grad-checkpointing", default=False, action='store_true', help="Enable gradient checkpointing.", ) parser.add_argument( "--local-loss", default=False, action="store_true", help="calculate loss w/ local features @ global (instead of realizing full global @ global matrix)" ) parser.add_argument( "--gather-with-grad", default=False, action="store_true", help="enable full distributed gradient for feature gather" ) parser.add_argument( '--force-image-size', type=int, nargs='+', default=None, help='Override default image size' ) parser.add_argument( "--force-quick-gelu", default=False, action='store_true', help="Force use of QuickGELU activation for non-OpenAI transformer models.", ) parser.add_argument( "--force-patch-dropout", default=None, type=float, help="Override the patch dropout during training, for fine tuning with no dropout near the end as in the paper", ) parser.add_argument( "--force-custom-text", default=False, action='store_true', help="Force use of CustomTextCLIP model (separate text-tower).", ) parser.add_argument( "--torchscript", default=False, action='store_true', help="torch.jit.script the model, also uses jit version of OpenAI models if pretrained=='openai'", ) parser.add_argument( "--torchcompile", default=False, action='store_true', help="torch.compile() the model, requires pytorch 2.0 or later.", ) parser.add_argument( "--trace", default=False, action='store_true', help="torch.jit.trace the model for inference / eval only", ) parser.add_argument( "--accum-freq", type=int, default=1, help="Update the model every --acum-freq steps." ) # arguments for distributed training parser.add_argument( "--dist-url", default="env://", type=str, help="url used to set up distributed training", ) parser.add_argument( "--dist-backend", default="nccl", type=str, help="distributed backend" ) parser.add_argument( "--report-to", default='', type=str, help="Options are ['wandb', 'tensorboard', 'wandb,tensorboard']" ) parser.add_argument( "--wandb-notes", default='', type=str, help="Notes if logging with wandb" ) parser.add_argument( "--wandb-project-name", type=str, default='open-clip', help="Name of the project if logging with wandb.", ) parser.add_argument( "--debug", default=False, action="store_true", help="If true, more information is logged." ) parser.add_argument( "--copy-codebase", default=False, action="store_true", help="If true, we copy the entire base on the log directory, and execute from there." ) parser.add_argument( "--horovod", default=False, action="store_true", help="Use horovod for distributed training." ) parser.add_argument( "--ddp-static-graph", default=False, action='store_true', help="Enable static graph optimization for DDP in PyTorch >= 1.11.", ) parser.add_argument( "--no-set-device-rank", default=False, action="store_true", help="Don't set device index from local rank (when CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES restricted to one per proc)." ) parser.add_argument( "--seed", type=int, default=0, help="Default random seed." ) parser.add_argument( "--grad-clip-norm", type=float, default=None, help="Gradient clip." ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-text", default=False, action='store_true', help="Lock full text tower by disabling gradients.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-text-unlocked-layers", type=int, default=0, help="Leave last n text tower layer groups unlocked.", ) parser.add_argument( "--lock-text-freeze-layer-norm", default=False, action='store_true', help="Freeze LayerNorm running stats in text tower for any locked layers.", ) parser.add_argument( "--log-every-n-steps", type=int, default=100, help="Log every n steps to tensorboard/console/wandb.", ) parser.add_argument( "--coca-caption-loss-weight", type=float, default=2.0, help="Weight assigned to caption loss in CoCa." ) parser.add_argument( "--coca-contrastive-loss-weight", type=float, default=1.0, help="Weight assigned to contrastive loss when training CoCa." ) parser.add_argument( "--remote-sync", type=str, default=None, help="Optinoally sync with a remote path specified by this arg", ) parser.add_argument( "--remote-sync-frequency", type=int, default=300, help="How frequently to sync to a remote directly if --remote-sync is not None.", ) parser.add_argument( "--remote-sync-protocol", choices=["s3", "fsspec"], default="s3", help="How to do the remote sync backup if --remote-sync is not None.", ) parser.add_argument( "--delete-previous-checkpoint", default=False, action="store_true", help="If true, delete previous checkpoint after storing a new one." ) parser.add_argument( "--distill-model", default=None, help='Which model arch to distill from, if any.' ) parser.add_argument( "--distill-pretrained", default=None, help='Which pre-trained weights to distill from, if any.' ) parser.add_argument( "--use-bnb-linear", default=None, help='Replace the network linear layers from the bitsandbytes library. ' 'Allows int8 training/inference, etc.' ) parser.add_argument( "--siglip", default=False, action="store_true", help='Use SigLip (sigmoid) loss.' ) parser.add_argument( "--retrieve_topk", default=1, type=int, help='Retrieve top k results.' ) parser.add_argument( "--retrieve_output_path", default="test_retrieve", type=str, help='Retrieve ouput path and file name' ) args = parser.parse_args(args) # If some params are not passed, we use the default values based on model name. default_params = get_default_params(args.model) for name, val in default_params.items(): if getattr(args, name) is None: setattr(args, name, val) return args ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/precision.py ================================================ import torch from contextlib import suppress def get_autocast(precision): if precision == 'amp': return torch.cuda.amp.autocast elif precision == 'amp_bfloat16' or precision == 'amp_bf16': # amp_bfloat16 is more stable than amp float16 for clip training return lambda: torch.cuda.amp.autocast(dtype=torch.bfloat16) else: return suppress ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/profiler.py ================================================ import argparse import torch import open_clip import pandas as pd from torch.utils.flop_counter import FlopCounterMode try: import fvcore except: fvcore = None parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='OpenCLIP Profiler') # benchmark specific args parser.add_argument('--model', metavar='NAME', default='', help='model(s) to profile') parser.add_argument('--results-file', default='', type=str, metavar='FILENAME', help='Output csv file for results') parser.add_argument('--profiler', default='torch', type=str, choices=['torch', 'fvcore']) parser.add_argument('--batch-size', default=1, type=int, help='Batch size for profiling') def profile_fvcore( model, image_input_size=(3, 224, 224), text_input_size=(77,), batch_size=1, detailed=False, force_cpu=False ): if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device, dtype = next(model.parameters()).device, next(model.parameters()).dtype example_image_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + image_input_size, device=device, dtype=dtype) example_text_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + text_input_size, device=device, dtype=torch.int64) fca = fvcore.nn.FlopCountAnalysis(model, (example_image_input, example_text_input)) aca = fvcore.nn.ActivationCountAnalysis(model, (example_image_input, example_text_input)) if detailed: fcs = fvcore.nn.flop_count_str(fca) print(fcs) return fca.total() / batch_size, aca.total() / batch_size def profile_fvcore_text( model, text_input_size=(77,), batch_size=1, detailed=False, force_cpu=False ): if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device = next(model.parameters()).device example_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + text_input_size, device=device, dtype=torch.int64) fca = fvcore.nn.FlopCountAnalysis(model, example_input) aca = fvcore.nn.ActivationCountAnalysis(model, example_input) if detailed: fcs = fvcore.nn.flop_count_str(fca) print(fcs) return fca.total() / batch_size, aca.total() / batch_size def profile_fvcore_image( model, image_input_size=(3, 224, 224), batch_size=1, detailed=False, force_cpu=False ): if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device, dtype = next(model.parameters()).device, next(model.parameters()).dtype example_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + image_input_size, device=device, dtype=dtype) fca = fvcore.nn.FlopCountAnalysis(model, example_input) aca = fvcore.nn.ActivationCountAnalysis(model, example_input) if detailed: fcs = fvcore.nn.flop_count_str(fca) print(fcs) return fca.total() / batch_size, aca.total() / batch_size def profile_torch_image(model, image_input_size, batch_size=1, force_cpu=False): """Profile the image encoder using torch.utils.flop_counter""" if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device, dtype = next(model.parameters()).device, next(model.parameters()).dtype example_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + image_input_size, device=device, dtype=dtype) flop_counter = FlopCounterMode() with flop_counter: model(example_input) total_flops = sum(flop_counter.get_flop_counts()['Global'].values()) return total_flops / batch_size def profile_torch_text(model, text_input_size, batch_size=1, force_cpu=False): """Profile the text encoder using torch.utils.flop_counter""" if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device = next(model.parameters()).device example_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + text_input_size, device=device, dtype=torch.int64) flop_counter = FlopCounterMode() with flop_counter: model(example_input) total_flops = sum(flop_counter.get_flop_counts()['Global'].values()) return total_flops / batch_size def profile_torch(model, text_input_size, image_input_size, batch_size=1, force_cpu=False): """Profile the full model using torch.utils.flop_counter""" if force_cpu: model = model.to('cpu') device, dtype = next(model.parameters()).device, next(model.parameters()).dtype image_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + image_input_size, device=device, dtype=dtype) text_input = torch.ones((batch_size,) + text_input_size, device=device, dtype=torch.int64) flop_counter = FlopCounterMode() with flop_counter: model(image_input, text_input) total_flops = sum(flop_counter.get_flop_counts()['Global'].values()) return total_flops / batch_size def count_params(model): return sum([m.numel() for m in model.parameters()]) def profile_model(model_name, batch_size=1, profiler='torch'): assert profiler in ['torch', 'fvcore'], 'Only torch and fvcore profilers are supported' if profiler == 'fvcore': assert fvcore is not None, 'Please install fvcore.' model = open_clip.create_model(model_name, force_custom_text=True, pretrained_hf=False) model.eval() if torch.cuda.is_available(): model = model.cuda() if isinstance(model.visual.image_size, (tuple, list)): image_input_size = (3,) + tuple(model.visual.image_size[-2:]) else: image_input_size = (3, model.visual.image_size, model.visual.image_size) text_input_size = (77,) if hasattr(model, 'context_length') and model.context_length: text_input_size = (model.context_length,) results = {} results['model'] = model_name results['image_size'] = image_input_size[1] model_cfg = open_clip.get_model_config(model_name) if model_cfg: vision_cfg = open_clip.CLIPVisionCfg(**model_cfg['vision_cfg']) text_cfg = open_clip.CLIPTextCfg(**model_cfg['text_cfg']) results['image_width'] = int(vision_cfg.width) results['text_width'] = int(text_cfg.width) results['embed_dim'] = int(model_cfg['embed_dim']) else: results['image_width'] = 0 results['text_width'] = 0 results['embed_dim'] = 0 retries = 2 while retries: retries -= 1 try: results['mparams'] = round(count_params(model) / 1e6, 2) results['image_mparams'] = round(count_params(model.visual) / 1e6, 2) results['text_mparams'] = round(count_params(model.text) / 1e6, 2) if profiler == 'fvcore': macs, acts = profile_fvcore( model, image_input_size=image_input_size, text_input_size=text_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) image_macs, image_acts = profile_fvcore_image( model.visual, image_input_size=image_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) text_macs, text_acts = profile_fvcore_text( model.text, text_input_size=text_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) results['gmacs'] = round(macs / 1e9, 2) results['macts'] = round(acts / 1e6, 2) results['image_gmacs'] = round(image_macs / 1e9, 2) results['image_macts'] = round(image_acts / 1e6, 2) results['text_gmacs'] = round(text_macs / 1e9, 2) results['text_macts'] = round(text_acts / 1e6, 2) elif profiler == 'torch': image_flops = profile_torch_image( model.visual, image_input_size=image_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) text_flops = profile_torch_text( model.text, text_input_size=text_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) total_flops = profile_torch( model, image_input_size=image_input_size, text_input_size=text_input_size, force_cpu=not retries, batch_size=batch_size) results['gflops'] = round(total_flops / 1e9, 2) results['image_gflops'] = round(image_flops / 1e9, 2) results['text_gflops'] = round(text_flops / 1e9, 2) except RuntimeError as e: pass return results def main(): args = parser.parse_args() # FIXME accept a text file name to allow lists of models in txt/csv if args.model == 'all': parsed_model = open_clip.list_models() else: parsed_model = args.model.split(',') results = [] models_with_errors = [] for m in parsed_model: print('='*100) print(f'Profiling {m}') try: row = profile_model(m, batch_size=args.batch_size, profiler=args.profiler) results.append(row) except Exception as e: print(f'Error profiling {m}: {e}') import traceback traceback.print_exc() models_with_errors.append(m) df = pd.DataFrame(results, columns=results[0].keys()) if 'gmacs' in df.columns: df = df.sort_values(by=['gmacs', 'mparams', 'model']) else: df = df.sort_values(by=['gflops', 'mparams', 'model']) print('='*100) print('Done.') print(df) if args.results_file: df.to_csv(args.results_file, index=False) if models_with_errors: print('Models with errors:', models_with_errors) if __name__ == '__main__': main() ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/scheduler.py ================================================ import numpy as np def assign_learning_rate(optimizer, new_lr): for param_group in optimizer.param_groups: param_group["lr"] = new_lr def _warmup_lr(base_lr, warmup_length, step): return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup_length def const_lr(optimizer, base_lr, warmup_length, steps): def _lr_adjuster(step): if step < warmup_length: lr = _warmup_lr(base_lr, warmup_length, step) else: lr = base_lr assign_learning_rate(optimizer, lr) return lr return _lr_adjuster def const_lr_cooldown(optimizer, base_lr, warmup_length, steps, cooldown_steps, cooldown_power=1.0, cooldown_end_lr=0.): def _lr_adjuster(step): start_cooldown_step = steps - cooldown_steps if step < warmup_length: lr = _warmup_lr(base_lr, warmup_length, step) else: if step < start_cooldown_step: lr = base_lr else: e = step - start_cooldown_step es = steps - start_cooldown_step # linear decay if power == 1; polynomial decay otherwise; decay = (1 - (e/es)) ** cooldown_power lr = decay * (base_lr - cooldown_end_lr) + cooldown_end_lr assign_learning_rate(optimizer, lr) return lr return _lr_adjuster def cosine_lr(optimizer, base_lr, warmup_length, steps): def _lr_adjuster(step): if step < warmup_length: lr = _warmup_lr(base_lr, warmup_length, step) else: e = step - warmup_length es = steps - warmup_length lr = 0.5 * (1 + np.cos(np.pi * e / es)) * base_lr assign_learning_rate(optimizer, lr) return lr return _lr_adjuster ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/train.py ================================================ import json import logging import math import os import time import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn.functional as F from torch.nn.parallel.distributed import DistributedDataParallel try: import wandb except ImportError: wandb = None from open_clip import get_input_dtype, CLIP, CustomTextCLIP from .distributed import is_master from .zero_shot import zero_shot_eval from .precision import get_autocast class AverageMeter(object): """Computes and stores the average and current value""" def __init__(self): self.reset() def reset(self): self.val = 0 self.avg = 0 self.sum = 0 self.count = 0 def update(self, val, n=1): self.val = val self.sum += val * n self.count += n self.avg = self.sum / self.count def postprocess_clip_output(model_out): return { "image_features": model_out[0], "text_features": model_out[1], "logit_scale": model_out[2] } def unwrap_model(model): if hasattr(model, 'module'): return model.module else: return model def backward(total_loss, scaler): if scaler is not None: scaler.scale(total_loss).backward() else: total_loss.backward() def train_one_epoch(model, data, loss, epoch, optimizer, scaler, scheduler, dist_model, args, tb_writer=None): device = torch.device(args.device) autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) input_dtype = get_input_dtype(args.precision) model.train() if args.distill: dist_model.eval() data['train'].set_epoch(epoch) # set epoch in process safe manner via sampler or shared_epoch dataloader = data['train'].dataloader num_batches_per_epoch = dataloader.num_batches // args.accum_freq sample_digits = math.ceil(math.log(dataloader.num_samples + 1, 10)) if args.accum_freq > 1: accum_images, accum_texts, accum_features = [], [], {} losses_m = {} batch_time_m = AverageMeter() data_time_m = AverageMeter() end = time.time() for i, batch in enumerate(dataloader): i_accum = i // args.accum_freq step = num_batches_per_epoch * epoch + i_accum if not args.skip_scheduler: scheduler(step) images, texts = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) data_time_m.update(time.time() - end) optimizer.zero_grad() if args.accum_freq == 1: with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) logit_scale = model_out["logit_scale"] if args.distill: with torch.no_grad(): dist_model_out = dist_model(images, texts) model_out.update({f'dist_{k}': v for k, v in dist_model_out.items()}) losses = loss(**model_out, output_dict=True) total_loss = sum(losses.values()) losses["loss"] = total_loss backward(total_loss, scaler) else: # First, cache the features without any gradient tracking. with torch.no_grad(): with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) for f in ("logit_scale", "logit_bias"): model_out.pop(f, None) for key, val in model_out.items(): if key in accum_features: accum_features[key].append(val) else: accum_features[key] = [val] accum_images.append(images) accum_texts.append(texts) # If (i + 1) % accum_freq is not zero, move on to the next batch. if ((i + 1) % args.accum_freq) > 0: # FIXME this makes data time logging unreliable when accumulating continue # Now, ready to take gradients for the last accum_freq batches. # Re-do the forward pass for those batches, and use the cached features from the other batches as negatives. # Call backwards each time, but only step optimizer at the end. optimizer.zero_grad() for j in range(args.accum_freq): images = accum_images[j] texts = accum_texts[j] with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) inputs_no_accum = {} inputs_no_accum["logit_scale"] = logit_scale = model_out.pop("logit_scale") if "logit_bias" in model_out: inputs_no_accum["logit_bias"] = model_out.pop("logit_bias") inputs = {} for key, val in accum_features.items(): accumulated = accum_features[key] inputs[key] = torch.cat(accumulated[:j] + [model_out[key]] + accumulated[j + 1:]) losses = loss(**inputs, **inputs_no_accum, output_dict=True) del inputs del inputs_no_accum total_loss = sum(losses.values()) losses["loss"] = total_loss backward(total_loss, scaler) if scaler is not None: if args.horovod: optimizer.synchronize() scaler.unscale_(optimizer) if args.grad_clip_norm is not None: torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.grad_clip_norm, norm_type=2.0) with optimizer.skip_synchronize(): scaler.step(optimizer) else: if args.grad_clip_norm is not None: scaler.unscale_(optimizer) torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.grad_clip_norm, norm_type=2.0) scaler.step(optimizer) scaler.update() else: if args.grad_clip_norm is not None: torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.grad_clip_norm, norm_type=2.0) optimizer.step() # reset gradient accum, if enabled if args.accum_freq > 1: accum_images, accum_texts, accum_features = [], [], {} # Note: we clamp to 4.6052 = ln(100), as in the original paper. with torch.no_grad(): unwrap_model(model).logit_scale.clamp_(0, math.log(100)) batch_time_m.update(time.time() - end) end = time.time() batch_count = i_accum + 1 if is_master(args) and (i_accum % args.log_every_n_steps == 0 or batch_count == num_batches_per_epoch): batch_size = len(images) num_samples = batch_count * batch_size * args.accum_freq * args.world_size samples_per_epoch = dataloader.num_samples percent_complete = 100.0 * batch_count / num_batches_per_epoch # NOTE loss is coarsely sampled, just master node and per log update for key, val in losses.items(): if key not in losses_m: losses_m[key] = AverageMeter() losses_m[key].update(val.item(), batch_size) logit_scale_scalar = logit_scale.item() loss_log = " ".join( [ f"{loss_name.capitalize()}: {loss_m.val:#.5g} ({loss_m.avg:#.5g})" for loss_name, loss_m in losses_m.items() ] ) samples_per_second = args.accum_freq * args.batch_size * args.world_size / batch_time_m.val samples_per_second_per_gpu = args.accum_freq * args.batch_size / batch_time_m.val logging.info( f"Train Epoch: {epoch} [{num_samples:>{sample_digits}}/{samples_per_epoch} ({percent_complete:.0f}%)] " f"Data (t): {data_time_m.avg:.3f} " f"Batch (t): {batch_time_m.avg:.3f}, {samples_per_second:#g}/s, {samples_per_second_per_gpu:#g}/s/gpu " f"LR: {optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']:5f} " f"Logit Scale: {logit_scale_scalar:.3f} " + loss_log ) # Save train loss / etc. Using non avg meter values as loggers have their own smoothing log_data = { "data_time": data_time_m.val, "batch_time": batch_time_m.val, "samples_per_second": samples_per_second, "samples_per_second_per_gpu": samples_per_second_per_gpu, "scale": logit_scale_scalar, "lr": optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"] } log_data.update({name:val.val for name,val in losses_m.items()}) log_data = {"train/" + name: val for name, val in log_data.items()} if tb_writer is not None: for name, val in log_data.items(): tb_writer.add_scalar(name, val, step) if args.wandb: assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' log_data['step'] = step # for backwards compatibility wandb.log(log_data, step=step) # resetting batch / data time meters per log window batch_time_m.reset() data_time_m.reset() # end for def evaluate(model, data, epoch, args, tb_writer=None, tokenizer=None): metrics = {} if not is_master(args): return metrics device = torch.device(args.device) model.eval() zero_shot_metrics = zero_shot_eval(model, data, epoch, args, tokenizer=tokenizer) metrics.update(zero_shot_metrics) autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) input_dtype = get_input_dtype(args.precision) if 'val' in data and (args.val_frequency and ((epoch % args.val_frequency) == 0 or epoch == args.epochs)): dataloader = data['val'].dataloader num_samples = 0 samples_per_val = dataloader.num_samples # FIXME this does not scale past small eval datasets # all_image_features @ all_text_features will blow up memory and compute very quickly cumulative_loss = 0.0 cumulative_gen_loss = 0.0 all_image_features, all_text_features = [], [] with torch.no_grad(): for i, batch in enumerate(dataloader): images, texts = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) image_features = model_out["image_features"] text_features = model_out["text_features"] logit_scale = model_out["logit_scale"] # features are accumulated in CPU tensors, otherwise GPU memory exhausted quickly # however, system RAM is easily exceeded and compute time becomes problematic all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() logits_per_image = logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t() batch_size = images.shape[0] labels = torch.arange(batch_size, device=device).long() total_loss = ( F.cross_entropy(logits_per_image, labels) + F.cross_entropy(logits_per_text, labels) ) / 2 gen_loss = maybe_compute_generative_loss(model_out) cumulative_loss += total_loss * batch_size num_samples += batch_size if is_master(args) and (i % 100) == 0: logging.info( f"Eval Epoch: {epoch} [{num_samples} / {samples_per_val}]\t" f"Clip Loss: {cumulative_loss / num_samples:.6f}\t") if gen_loss is not None: cumulative_gen_loss += gen_loss * batch_size logging.info( f"Generative Loss: {cumulative_gen_loss / num_samples:.6f}\t") val_metrics = get_clip_metrics( image_features=torch.cat(all_image_features), text_features=torch.cat(all_text_features), logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), ) loss = cumulative_loss / num_samples metrics.update( {**val_metrics, "clip_val_loss": loss.item(), "epoch": epoch, "num_samples": num_samples} ) if gen_loss is not None: gen_loss = cumulative_gen_loss / num_samples metrics.update({"val_generative_loss": gen_loss.item()}) if not metrics: return metrics logging.info( f"Eval Epoch: {epoch} " + "\t".join([f"{k}: {round(v, 4):.4f}" for k, v in metrics.items()]) ) log_data = {"val/" + name: val for name, val in metrics.items()} if args.save_logs: if tb_writer is not None: for name, val in log_data.items(): tb_writer.add_scalar(name, val, epoch) with open(os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, "results.jsonl"), "a+") as f: f.write(json.dumps(metrics)) f.write("\n") if args.wandb: assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' if 'train' in data: dataloader = data['train'].dataloader num_batches_per_epoch = dataloader.num_batches // args.accum_freq step = num_batches_per_epoch * epoch else: step = None log_data['epoch'] = epoch wandb.log(log_data, step=step) return metrics def retrieve_report(model, data, epoch, args, tb_writer=None, tokenizer=None,all=False): metrics = {} if not is_master(args): return metrics device = torch.device(args.device) model.eval() zero_shot_metrics = zero_shot_eval(model, data, epoch, args, tokenizer=tokenizer) metrics.update(zero_shot_metrics) autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) input_dtype = get_input_dtype(args.precision) if 'val' in data: dataloader = data['val'].dataloader num_samples = 0 samples_per_val = dataloader.num_samples val_all_image_features, val_all_text_features = [], [] train_all_image_features, train_all_text_features = [], [] train_all_image_full_paths,val_all_image_full_paths=[],[] with torch.no_grad(): for i, batch in enumerate(data['val'].dataloader): images, texts,image_full_paths = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) val_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) image_features = model_out["image_features"] text_features = model_out["text_features"] logit_scale = model_out["logit_scale"] val_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) val_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() for i, batch in enumerate(data['train'].dataloader): images, texts,image_full_paths = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) train_all_image_full_paths.extend(image_full_paths) with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) image_features = model_out["image_features"] text_features = model_out["text_features"] logit_scale = model_out["logit_scale"] train_all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) train_all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() logits = get_logits( image_features=torch.cat(val_all_image_features), text_features=torch.cat(train_all_text_features), logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), ) # val_all_image_features=torch.cat(val_all_image_features), # train_all_text_features=torch.cat(train_all_text_features), # logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), # logits_per_val_image = (logit_scale * val_all_image_features @ train_all_text_features.t()).detach().cpu() if args.retrieve_topk==1: pred_per_val_image=logits['image_to_text'].argmax(dim=1) else: topk_values, topk_indices = logits['image_to_text'].topk(args.retrieve_topk, dim=1) pred_per_val_image = topk_indices jsonl_file = os.path.join(f"{args.retrieve_output_path}_epoch{args.resume_id}_top{args.retrieve_topk}.jsonl") if args.retrieve_topk==1: with open(jsonl_file, "w") as f: for i, pred in enumerate(pred_per_val_image): image_id=data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_ids[i] full_path= data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[i][0] # base_name = os.path.basename(full_path) # dir_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(full_path)) # image_path = os.path.join(dir_name, base_name) image_path = os.path.relpath(full_path, args.img_root) image_path=image_path.replace('../','') report=data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[i][1] reference_report=data['train'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[pred][1] f.write(json.dumps({"id":image_id, "image":image_path, "image_id": image_path, "report":report, "reference_report":reference_report})) f.write("\n") print(f"Finished writing top 1 referenced report to {jsonl_file}.") else: with open(jsonl_file, "w") as f: for i, pred in enumerate(pred_per_val_image): image_id=data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_ids[i] full_path= data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[i][0] # base_name = os.path.basename(full_path) # dir_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(full_path)) # image_path = os.path.join(dir_name, base_name) image_path = os.path.relpath(full_path, args.img_root) image_path=image_path.replace('../','') report=data['val'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[i][1] reference_reports=[] for j in range(args.retrieve_topk): reference_reports.append(data['train'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[topk_indices[i][j]][1]) f.write(json.dumps({"id":image_id, "image":image_path, "image_id": image_path, "report":report, "reference_report":reference_reports})) f.write("\n") print(f"Finished writing top {args.retrieve_topk} referenced report to {jsonl_file}.") # from PIL import Image # for i, batch in enumerate(data['train'].dataloader): # images, texts = batch # image_path=data['train'].dataloader.dataset.image_report_pairs[0][0] # image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB') # # Apply transformation # image = data['train'].dataloader.dataset.transform(image) # print(images[0]==image) # break return pred_per_val_image # FIXME this does not scale past small eval datasets # all_image_features @ all_text_features will blow up memory and compute very quickly cumulative_loss = 0.0 cumulative_gen_loss = 0.0 all_image_features, all_text_features = [], [] with torch.no_grad(): for i, batch in enumerate(dataloader): images, texts = batch images = images.to(device=device, dtype=input_dtype, non_blocking=True) texts = texts.to(device=device, non_blocking=True) with autocast(): model_out = model(images, texts) image_features = model_out["image_features"] text_features = model_out["text_features"] logit_scale = model_out["logit_scale"] # features are accumulated in CPU tensors, otherwise GPU memory exhausted quickly # however, system RAM is easily exceeded and compute time becomes problematic all_image_features.append(image_features.cpu()) all_text_features.append(text_features.cpu()) logit_scale = logit_scale.mean() logits_per_image = logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t() batch_size = images.shape[0] labels = torch.arange(batch_size, device=device).long() total_loss = ( F.cross_entropy(logits_per_image, labels) + F.cross_entropy(logits_per_text, labels) ) / 2 gen_loss = maybe_compute_generative_loss(model_out) cumulative_loss += total_loss * batch_size num_samples += batch_size if is_master(args) and (i % 100) == 0: logging.info( f"Eval Epoch: {epoch} [{num_samples} / {samples_per_val}]\t" f"Clip Loss: {cumulative_loss / num_samples:.6f}\t") if gen_loss is not None: cumulative_gen_loss += gen_loss * batch_size logging.info( f"Generative Loss: {cumulative_gen_loss / num_samples:.6f}\t") val_metrics = get_clip_metrics( image_features=torch.cat(all_image_features), text_features=torch.cat(all_text_features), logit_scale=logit_scale.cpu(), ) loss = cumulative_loss / num_samples metrics.update( {**val_metrics, "clip_val_loss": loss.item(), "epoch": epoch, "num_samples": num_samples} ) if gen_loss is not None: gen_loss = cumulative_gen_loss / num_samples metrics.update({"val_generative_loss": gen_loss.item()}) if not metrics: return metrics logging.info( f"Eval Epoch: {epoch} " + "\t".join([f"{k}: {round(v, 4):.4f}" for k, v in metrics.items()]) ) log_data = {"val/" + name: val for name, val in metrics.items()} if args.save_logs: if tb_writer is not None: for name, val in log_data.items(): tb_writer.add_scalar(name, val, epoch) with open(os.path.join(args.checkpoint_path, "results.jsonl"), "a+") as f: f.write(json.dumps(metrics)) f.write("\n") if args.wandb: assert wandb is not None, 'Please install wandb.' if 'train' in data: dataloader = data['train'].dataloader num_batches_per_epoch = dataloader.num_batches // args.accum_freq step = num_batches_per_epoch * epoch else: step = None log_data['epoch'] = epoch wandb.log(log_data, step=step) return metrics def get_clip_metrics(image_features, text_features, logit_scale): metrics = {} logits_per_image = (logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t()).detach().cpu() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t().detach().cpu() logits = {"image_to_text": logits_per_image, "text_to_image": logits_per_text} ground_truth = torch.arange(len(text_features)).view(-1, 1) for name, logit in logits.items(): ranking = torch.argsort(logit, descending=True) preds = torch.where(ranking == ground_truth)[1] preds = preds.detach().cpu().numpy() metrics[f"{name}_mean_rank"] = preds.mean() + 1 metrics[f"{name}_median_rank"] = np.floor(np.median(preds)) + 1 for k in [1, 5, 10]: metrics[f"{name}_R@{k}"] = np.mean(preds < k) return metrics def get_logits(image_features, text_features, logit_scale): logits_per_image = (logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.t()).detach().cpu() logits_per_text = logits_per_image.t().detach().cpu() logits = {"image_to_text": logits_per_image, "text_to_image": logits_per_text} return logits def maybe_compute_generative_loss(model_out): if "logits" in model_out and "labels" in model_out: token_logits = model_out["logits"] token_labels = model_out["labels"] return F.cross_entropy(token_logits.permute(0, 2, 1), token_labels) ================================================ FILE: train/open_clip/src/training/zero_shot.py ================================================ import logging import torch from tqdm import tqdm from open_clip import get_input_dtype, get_tokenizer, build_zero_shot_classifier, \ IMAGENET_CLASSNAMES, OPENAI_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES from .precision import get_autocast def accuracy(output, target, topk=(1,)): pred = output.topk(max(topk), 1, True, True)[1].t() correct = pred.eq(target.view(1, -1).expand_as(pred)) return [float(correct[:k].reshape(-1).float().sum(0, keepdim=True).cpu().numpy()) for k in topk] def run(model, classifier, dataloader, args): autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) input_dtype = get_input_dtype(args.precision) with torch.no_grad(): top1, top5, n = 0., 0., 0. for images, target in tqdm(dataloader, unit_scale=args.batch_size): images = images.to(device=args.device, dtype=input_dtype) target = target.to(args.device) with autocast(): # predict output = model(image=images) image_features = output['image_features'] if isinstance(output, dict) else output[0] logits = 100. * image_features @ classifier # measure accuracy acc1, acc5 = accuracy(logits, target, topk=(1, 5)) top1 += acc1 top5 += acc5 n += images.size(0) top1 = (top1 / n) top5 = (top5 / n) return top1, top5 def run_retrieve(model, classifier, dataloader, args): autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) input_dtype = get_input_dtype(args.precision) with torch.no_grad(): # top1, top5, n = 0., 0., 0. for images, target in tqdm(dataloader, unit_scale=args.batch_size): images = images.to(device=args.device, dtype=input_dtype) target = target.to(args.device) with autocast(): # predict output = model(image=images) image_features = output['image_features'] if isinstance(output, dict) else output[0] logits = 100. * image_features @ classifier topk=(1,) pred = logits.topk(max(topk), 1, True, True)[1].t() # measure accuracy # acc1, acc5 = accuracy(logits, target, topk=(1, 5)) # top1 += acc1 # top5 += acc5 # n += images.size(0) # top1 = (top1 / n) # top5 = (top5 / n) return pred def zero_shot_retrieve(model, data, epoch, args, tokenizer=None): if 'imagenet-val' not in data and 'imagenet-v2' not in data: return {} if args.zeroshot_frequency == 0: return {} if (epoch % args.zeroshot_frequency) != 0 and epoch != args.epochs: return {} if args.distributed and not args.horovod: model = model.module logging.info('Starting zero-shot imagenet.') if tokenizer is None: tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) logging.info('Building zero-shot classifier') autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) with autocast(): classifier = build_zero_shot_classifier( model, tokenizer=tokenizer, classnames=IMAGENET_CLASSNAMES, templates=OPENAI_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES, num_classes_per_batch=10, device=args.device, use_tqdm=True, ) logging.info('Using classifier') results = {} if 'imagenet-val' in data: top1, top5 = run_retrieve(model, classifier, data['imagenet-val'].dataloader, args) results['imagenet-zeroshot-val-top1'] = top1 results['imagenet-zeroshot-val-top5'] = top5 if 'imagenet-v2' in data: top1, top5 = run_retrieve(model, classifier, data['imagenet-v2'].dataloader, args) results['imagenetv2-zeroshot-val-top1'] = top1 results['imagenetv2-zeroshot-val-top5'] = top5 logging.info('Finished zero-shot imagenet.') return results def zero_shot_eval(model, data, epoch, args, tokenizer=None): if 'imagenet-val' not in data and 'imagenet-v2' not in data: return {} if args.zeroshot_frequency == 0: return {} if (epoch % args.zeroshot_frequency) != 0 and epoch != args.epochs: return {} if args.distributed and not args.horovod: model = model.module logging.info('Starting zero-shot imagenet.') if tokenizer is None: tokenizer = get_tokenizer(args.model) logging.info('Building zero-shot classifier') autocast = get_autocast(args.precision) with autocast(): classifier = build_zero_shot_classifier( model, tokenizer=tokenizer, classnames=IMAGENET_CLASSNAMES, templates=OPENAI_IMAGENET_TEMPLATES, num_classes_per_batch=10, device=args.device, use_tqdm=True, ) logging.info('Using classifier') results = {} if 'imagenet-val' in data: top1, top5 = run(model, classifier, data['imagenet-val'].dataloader, args) results['imagenet-zeroshot-val-top1'] = top1 results['imagenet-zeroshot-val-top5'] = top5 if 'imagenet-v2' in data: top1, top5 = run(model, classifier, data['imagenet-v2'].dataloader, args) results['imagenetv2-zeroshot-val-top1'] = top1 results['imagenetv2-zeroshot-val-top5'] = top5 logging.info('Finished zero-shot imagenet.') return results